aad we ne ate tO A - ~ . et —~ oe eo ¢ Antipode et tee olen es > Mi Seeing ert wre ere a pean ttn : : ~ wes " anette Ny Path en eal Re Mle " es to . - ’ ae ei . : rn nee eed eae ea NA RE A we ees > “ ~- anctindinedinell Gente ete eee aided i SRD “ ro b ere - Pe tata Ac Sea ND ar Ram PDD OR ep ob Fett om na a a Re at OR ad ote Ante tet’ eS re ald Peta (Me er ee ee ee ee Jalna = le ees ne Ee eee anes tee eh ? eA mare arte » ~ ow trated toe o ani > aan “ Pat ae > ‘ a0 at eS —S Cada On eft ea tae ee ore ae Med ~ ~~ oe ° + ted re sasha woreet- + eee woe DMM yo! ea yet + aay fy bed SOLON ACR ORS eta + ea Nw, Bead OMe tere eran tee! et S| wed Stare baht oe “ ae ae io ve rs = < te eae — ~.. pat Sad $e ——— ay e \ FOR A-- CARCINOLOGICAL FAUNA OF INDIA. THE BRACHYURA OXYRHYNCHA. BY — : A. ALCOCK, M.B; CMZS., SUPERINTENDENT OF THE TRDIAN MUSEU Ms | Reprinted from the § on Asiatic E Boip of Bengal Vol, L&LV. Part If, a 2; 1895. eae a PRT E biG PE. aN TOOLOGY oe A EFUB ARY Crustacea ee | CALCUTTA. PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, : 1899. 73 bad Sa >> ? » Sealy Sees ial oe mS £ > ¥ No. 1 BY A. ALCOCK, MB, C.M.Z.S., SUPERINTENDENT OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM, [Reprinted from the “ Journal Asratic Society of Bengal, " Val EAPY. Part IT, Wega sos.| rc CA LCUTTA, PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, 1895. a Ss Dna was il ” y t ’ : ‘ ‘ % . y ‘ ¢ - = a ' > aie ia Mp . . ; - ' 0 72 4 , i | Ni HUGE AV OVAL ) ie “eo Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India. No. 1. The Brachyura Oxyrhyncha.— By A. Aucocx, M.B., 0.M.Z.S., Superintendent of the Indian Museum. Plates III-V. [Received 11th April:— Read Ist May.] Tt was the intention of my immediate predecessor and late friend James Wood-Mason to write a Descriptive Catalogue of the collection of Crustacea in the Indian Museum. ae To this end he had collected a very comprehensive Crustacean _ literature, and had set in motion a scheme for extracting in a handy form the references contained therein. He had also roughly sorted the whole collection into its component great-groups, and had made a large number of identifications. In short he had, before his sad and premature death, collected the raw material for, and sketched the broad foundations of, a work that, had he lived on in unimpaired health, might have been a fit companion and sequel to the classical volumes of that great naturalist Henri Milne-Edwards. Only in the case of the Stomapoda had he gone further than this; and Iam now preparing to edit, from the rough MS. notes at my disposal, his account of a part of this Order as represented in the - collection of the Indian Museum. The present paper is the first of a series in which I hope to be able to turn to some—though inadequate—account the mass of material accumulated by my predecessor. My own work in this paper has been to complete, to arrange systematically, to collate, and to verify the available references to the literature of the Oxyrhyncha; to determine about 70 per cent. of the Indian species contained in the collection of the Indian Museum ; to prepare the generic diagnoses and the descriptions of all the species mentioned ; and to work out, to the best of my ability, keys—which [ hope may be of use to naturalists in India—to sub-families, genera, and species. In the arrangement of the group as a whole, I have been guided and assisted by the Revision of the Maioid Crustacea, by Mr. E. J. Miers, 3 158 Carcinological Fauna of India. in the Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology), Vol. XIV. 1879; and by the same author’s Report on the ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura; and to these important works I have here to acknowledge my great indebted- ness. I have not, however, been able to give my complete adherence to the classification proposed by Mr. Miers, further than to accept the previously adopted division of the Oxyrhyncha into two groups of equal value—the Maioids and the Parthenopoids. To these groups, I would, following Dr. Claus, give the rank of families—Maiide and Parthenopide. But to further sub-divide a group like the Maioids—in which we find, as Miers himself remarks, every reasonable gradation of form from Stenorhynchus to Pericera—into separate families, as is done by Miers, involves, I think, an unnecessary and unphilosophical interference with the meaning of the term ‘ family.’ Nor is anything gained, from the point of view of the practical systematist, by establishing families which overlap im all direc- tions. IT am so much indebted to the works of Mr. Miers, that I should be loath to criticize them in any but a friendly spirit. But it seems to me that while Mr. Miers has recognized the value of certain characters round the developments and modifications of which the Maioid Crabs easily cleave into most natural groups, he has proceeded in practice to ignore in great measure the value of his own generalization. It appears to me that Mr. Miers’ families of Mazinea consist each of a quite natural nucleus hidden in a loose artificial wrapping. Beginning with the Inachide of Miers, we find a natural group, typified by such forms as Leptopodia and Inachus, lmked with forms like Anamathia, Xenocarcinus, Huenia, Pugettia, Acanthenyx, Doclea and Stenocionops, none of which are any more nearly related to Leptopodia and Jnachus than they are to any other Maioid. In the Matide of Miers again, we find a most arbitrary jumble of forms. Amid the confusion, however, we can discern a large natural nucleus, typified not, it is true, by Maia, but by such forms as Hgeria, Chioneecetes, Pisa, Naxia, etc.; but these are no more nearly related to Maia, Paramithrax, Schizophrys, Oriocarcinus, and Micippa than they are to any other Maioid. The third family, Periceride, is even more bewildering; but as Miers himself, in his Report on the ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, has distri- buted many of his original Periceroid genera among the other two families, it would be unjust to enter into any detailed criticism of this family now. 4. Carcinological Fauna of India. 159 The classification proposed in this paper is in many respects a reversion to the older authors. For a most interesting and instructive historical and critical review of the Oxyrhyncha as a whole, I would refer to the Introduction of Miers’ paper, already cited, in the Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, Vol. XIV. 1879, pp. 634-642. I have only to add that as almost all the new species described in this paper have been dredged by the ‘ Investigator,’ they will be figured in next year’s issue of the “ Illustrations of the Zoology of the ‘Investigator.’ ” Tribe OXYRHYNCHA or MAIOIDEA, Ozyrinques, Oxyrinchi, Latr. Hist. Nat. Crust. et Insect. tom. VI. p. 85. Oayrhinques et Canceriens Cryptopodes, Milne-Kdwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. tom. I. pp. 263, 368. Maioidea or Oxyrhyncha, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. Pt. I. pp. 66, 67 and 75. Oxyrhyncha, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p. 634; and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 2. Carapace more or less narrowed in front, and usually produced to form a rostrum: branchial regions considerably developed, hepatic regions small. Epistome usually large; buccal cavity quadrate, with the anterior margin usually straight. Branchis almost always nine in number on either side*: their efferent channels open at the sides of the endostome or palate. Antennules longitudinally folded. The palp of the external maxillipeds is articulated either at the summit or at the antero-internal angle of the meropodite. The external genitalia of the male are inserted at the bases of the fifth pair of trunk-legs. The Oxyrhyncha may be sub-divided into two families, namely :— (1) the Maiids, in which the basal jomt of the antenne is well developed, and in which it is exceptional to find the chelipeds vastly longer than the other legs ; and (2) the Parthenopidx, in which the basal joint of the antenne is very small, and is embedded between the front and the floor of the orbit ; and in which it is exceptional not to find the chelipeds vastly longer and vastly more massive than the other legs. * Encephaloides is the only Oxyrhynch known to me in which the branchiz are less than nine in number on either side: in Hneephaloides the reduction, both in size and number, of the anterior branchiz seems to be due to the enormous development of the four posterior branchiz’ 5) 160 Oarcinological Fauna of India. Family I. MAITID Ai. Macropodiens and Maiens, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 272. Maiinea, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. Pt. I. pp. 76 and 77, (and Oncininea.) Maiinea, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p. 640; and ‘ Challen- ger’ Brachyura, p. 2. Basal antennal joint well developed, and occupying all the space between the antennulary fossa and the eye. Taking the characters sagaciously suggested by Miers, namely, the relative development of the component parts of the orbit, including basal antennal joint—-as the basis of a division, the members of the family Madide fall into four natural groups or sub-families as follows :— Key to the Sub-families of Maiidee. Sub-family I. Inachine. Hyes without orbits: the eyestalks, which are generally long, are either non-retractile, or are retractile against the sides of the carapace, or against an acute post-ocular spine that affords no concealment. The basal joint of the antenne is extremely slender throughout its extent, and is usually long :— Alliance 1. Leptopodioida. Basal joint of the antenne usually sub-cylindrical, or at any rate convex ventrally, often independent of the neighbouring structures: the external maxillipeds have the merus narrower than the ischium, and the palp large and coarse, and hence have a somewhat pediform appearance. Alliance 2. Inachoida. Basal joint of the antenne flattened or concave ventrally, and intimately fused with the neighbouring parts ; its antero-external angle often produced to form a spine visible from above: the external maxillipeds have the merus at least as broad as the ischium, and the (small) palp borne at the internal angle of the merus. Sub-family II. retractile back- calcified, not|ii. Chelipedsne-|a. Free joints of salient, but free- | a. Basal anten- wards, butnever }.4 Rostrum depressed: ros-| ver approaching | the antennal pe-| JY moveable for-/ nal joint longi: 3" concealed, short, bifid: last a 2 a wards and some- epistome spa- a 3 trum separated | the longest legs} duncle slender, ti hanlkuranda: c pair of legs sub I. Carapace of the} from the cara-~| in length: ros-| cylindrical and ae Bee war = gions: chelate..........+. GRYPACHEUS. typical Oxy-| pace by a dis-} trum bifid and| not coarsely hir-4 - at pueeea rhynch shape,, tinct post-ocular| never approach-} gute: eye-stalks | 0% + aE neae b.3 Body and appendages smooth or elongate-trian - constriction,} ingthe carapace? almost straight : Rie one sBDee with very few spines: no post-ocu- gular or pyri-| whichsometimes| in length: post-| rostramhorizon-| ° “2° OSE lar spine: the eye-stalks hardly form. forms a long] ocular neck, | tal, (_ moveable backwards..........0:+-...... ACH®US, “neck.” when distinct, short, b.2 Basal antennal joint very short, not reaching to the front: epistome very NATTOW..ci.-.sceeeessesseretssseersse PARATYMOLUS. b.l Hye-stalks salient and rigidly immoyeable: basal antennal joint project- ing beyond and above the apex of the rostrume...csecsseeceesetseeseeess PHYSACHBUS. eB Free joints of the antennal peduncle short, flat, and densely hairy: eye-stalks much curved : L rostrum somewhat depressed: a post-ocular toOthi....cccscessesssres cesssecsseesecrassessestiete ce eserse CAMPOSCIA, 2, Carapace semi-membranons, exceedingly depressed and flat: rostrum in unbroken continuity with the carapace : no post-ocular spine : \Seuhellastepainofless/snbdorsaleins pOsitionucmssevemeaitatrissnicescninieririneatineseetneee sai ceunnneten ys Sere neice aia eitramaeaesnnel ease ONGINOEUSE II. Carapace nearly circular. [Hpistome narrow: a large post-ocular spine against which the eye is retractile, but which affords no concealment; basal anten- nal joint perfectly free, legs long, with much flattened blade-like joints: rostrum trifid.]....... PLATYMAIA. Sede ae pene ewer ene e cer een senor sss eer ene sts OOR es saree tet ses eeeeee Alliance 2. InacHorpa. Antenne with the basal joint flattened or concave on the ventral surface, and intimately fused with the surrounding parts, its antero- external angle produced to form a spine which is visible from above on either side of the rostrum. External maxillipeds with the merus as broad as or broader thin the ischium, and with the palp small. fa - Branchial regions upraised, and meeting across, and thus concealing, the cardiac region: 2nd pair of trunk-legs, in the adult, many times the I. Rostrum simple: post-ocular spine small: basal antennal spine small or length of the carapace........s0. . sessesseeses © ccenencereenenets® sescesees aceas MSNCEPHALOIDES. moderate, 2, Cardiac region not encroached upon by the normal branchial regions: 2nd i pair of trunk-legs of moderate lengthu...ccsrercssssseeecrrarscseaserstenertsaseces LNACHOIDES, i YU, Byes hardly retractile..cccccescscecsccoessscensscecsscsyecccncssvansssners eouriest sence APOCREMNUS. II. Rostrum bifid: post-ocular spine large: basal antennal spine large... te CorLopes 2, Eyes retractile against a strong post-ocular Spine,..crsr:sersertente setts = oe LLODES. i +> ‘4 - t i aah s: 5 Laat 7 ‘ ; d { vi ee * ro " 4 » ‘ zs ; 4h g a a= Py 4 - bi a . - te oa, ‘ 4 ~ . y Z t :, Fi me Lares 4 4 cea < ‘ ‘ “ % - : 4 a A So ye . : - v5 oe igs kr i J , iy ‘i = é v / ews} oe ‘ - i ? . = ha? , a { i . + r ( Bye heen wah ‘ ’ ‘ f " ’ ‘ ‘ ‘ - ‘ "x ’ ‘ “~ Lo | o s ? Sete Aha thea? =F Carcinological Fauna of India. 169 The chelipeds, though actually slender, are relatively to the cara- pace as stout and long as those of the longer-armed species of Lambrus : they are one-third longer than the combined carapace neck and rostrum : they are sub-cylindrical and spiny: their proportions are much those of Lambrus, the fingers being not much more than a quarter the length of the palm. The fingers are curved, and are in contact only at their tips. The legs, which are very slender and are not quite so long as the chelipeds, display no remarkable characters. The figure, which represents a male magnified two diameters, shows the proportions better than any table of measurements. Loc. Port Blair, Andaman Islands. Acuaus, Leach. Achzus, Leach, Malac. Podophth. Brit., Tab. XXII. fig. C. Achzus, Desmarest, Consid. Gen. Crust., p. 153. Achzus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 281. Achzus, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p. 643; and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 8. Carapace triangular with the branchial regions swollen, always more or less constricted behind the eyes. Rostrum very short, bifid. Hye-stalks long and hardly retractile backwards: no orbits or post-ocular spine. Antenne with the basal joint very slender, sub-cylindrical, the other joints and the flagellum completely exposed, External maxillipeds with the meropodite long, narrower than the ischiopodite, and carrying the next joint at, or near, its apex. Chelipeds short, not very stout. Legs slender, sometimes long and filiform: the dactyli of those of the last two pairs more or less faleate. Abdomen consisting of six segments in both sexes. As Miers has remarked, this genus is distinguished from Steno- rhynchus only by the form of the rostrum, which consists of two short lobes instead of two long spines. Key to the Indian species of the genus Acheeus. I. Carapace with a post-ocular constriction, but with no long post-ocular “neck :” dactyli of last pair, or two pair, of legs strongly falciform :— 1. Carapace and eye-stalks smooth we A. lacertosus. 2. Carapace with a bilobed prominence on the cardiac region: eye-stalks with a tubercle on the an- terior surface :— i, Gastric region smooth ,;, we A, affinis. 15 170 Carcinological Fauna of India. ii. Gastric region with a sharp tubercle or : spine — we .. A, spinosus. II. Carapace with a long post-ocular neck: dactyli of last pair of legs hardly curved :— 1. Lobes of rostrum with a spinate carina: median tubercles of carapace low and blunt w. A. cadelh. 29 Lobes of rostrum with a smooth carina: median tubercles of carapace sharp and elevated A. tenwicollis, Acheus ‘enuicollis, Miers. Acheus tenuicollis, Miers ‘ Challenger > Brachyura, p. 9, Pl. I. fig. 3. “The body is thinly clothed with short curled hairs; the limbs with similar hairs, interspersed among which are some longer ones. The carapace is subtriangulate, little longer than broad, with a neck-like constriction behind the orbits, and armed with spines as follows :—Three conical spines upon the gastric and another upon the cardiac region, two shorter conical spines or tubercles whereof the anterior is the smallest, on each branchial region, behind these one very small on the posterior margin of the carapace, and another on the sides of the branchial regions above the bases of the chelipedes; also a small spine upon the rounded, lateral, hepatic protuberance, and another behind this, on the pterygostomian region; there is also a strong spinule on the upper margin of the orbit, above the eye-peduncles. The lobes of the rostrum are short, and terminate each in a spine. The sternal surface of the body bears a few spinules. The post-abdomen of the male, is as usual, six-jointed (the two last joints having coalesced). The eye-peduncles are robust, with the cornez protuberant ; a small spinule exists on the inferior margin of the eye-peduncle, and another on the upper margin of the eye, near the distal extremity. The antennules are lodged in deep longitudinal fosseites ; the very slender basal joint of the antennz is joined with the front at its distal extremity and bears several small spinules on its inferior surface, the following joint is short, the next about as long as the basal joint, flagella slender; the ischium-joint of the outer maxillipedes is produced at its inner and distal angle which +s rounded and bears several spinules on its outer surface, as does also the merus-joint which is rounded, not truncated, at the distal extremity where it bears the next joint. The chelipedes (in the male) are rather slender, and longer than the body; with the joints clothed with rather long hairs; ischium and merus-joints with a series of spinules on their antero- and postero-inferior faces, wrist about as long as palm, with a few spinules hardly discernible amid the hairs which clothe this joint, 16 Carcinological Fauna of India. 171 palm slightly compressed, not dilated, armed with spinules on its upper and lower margins, fingers about as long as palm, and slightly incurved at the apices which are nearly destitute of hair; the ambulatory legs are very slender and elongated; the dactyli of the first three pairs are short and nearly straight, in the last pair only are they slightly falciform. Colour (in spirit) light yellowish-brown.” (Miers). A single specimen is included in the Museum collection: the locali- ty is not quite certain, but it came most probably from the Andamans. Achzeus cadelli, n. sp. Plate V. fig. 1. In general form and proportions much resembling Achzus lorina (Ad. & White), from which it differs in having the legs even more slender, and the eye-stalks quite smooth. The regions of the pyriform carapace are well demarcated, the hepatic regions being each produced to form a strong sharp tooth. There are three elevations, arranged in triangle, on the gastric region, _ and two, side by side, on the cardiac region. The rostrum has the usual Achxus-form, but each lobe is dorsally carinate, the carina being spinate or serrate. Behind the rostrum is a long constricted “ neck,” more pronounced even than that of A. tenwicollis and brevirostris. The chelipeds are of the usual form. The legs are extremely long and slender, those of the second trunk segment being about five times _ the length of the carapace, rostrum included. The dactyli of the 4th | and 5th pairs are hardly falciform. Length of carapace, 7 millim : greatest breadth of carapace, 4 millim.: length of 2nd pair of trunk-legs, 36°5 millim. Loc. Andamans. | | Achzus spinosus, Miers. | _ Achzus spinosus, Miers, Japanese and Corean Crustacea, in Proc. Zool. Soc., | 1879, p. 25. Carapace triangular, narrowed behind the eyes, and armed with : six spines above, namely: one on the gastric, one —bilobed—on the cardiac, and two on each branchial region: there are also some spines | or sharp tubercles on the ventrad aspect of the hepatic and branchial | regions. The rostrum is small and bilobed. The eye-stalks are robust, and have a strong tubercle near the middle of the anterior surface. _Chelipeds in the male robust, the arm and wrist granular above, the _palm swollen, with about six spinules on the upper margin and a few granules on the lower margin near its base: fingers, in the male, acute 172 Carcinological Fauna of India, with a wide hiatus at base when closed, both with a strong tooth on their opposed margins near the base, and with the outer margins carinate. In the female the chelipeds differ only in being much less robust, and in having the fingers much more elosely apposable and toothless. Ambulatory legs long and slender: the dactylus of the last pair strongly falcate. [The basal antennal joint has one or two spines at its distal end, and the free portion of the antenna is much shorter than the carapace. | Length of adult, 6 to 7 millim. In the Museum collection, from the Persian Gulf. Ex coll. W. T. Blanford. Achzus lacertosus, Stimpson. Achzus lacertosus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1857, p. 218. Achzus breviceps, Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc., N. 8. Wales, Vol. IV. 1879, p. 433 (sec. Haswell). Achzus lacertosus and breviceps, Haswell, Cat. Austr. Stalk pad Sess. eyed Crust., p. 3. Achzus lacertosus Miers, Zool. “ Alert,’ pp. 181 and 188; and “Challenger ” Brachyura, p. 8. Achzus lacertosus, J. R. Henderson, Trans Linn. Soc., Zool., 1893, p. 341. Carapace triangular, with the regions fairly well delimited and the surface quite smooth beneath a slight pubescence: hepatic region with a horizontal laminar tooth. Rostrum as long as wide, bilobed. An- tenoz filiform, the free portion longer than the carapace. Hye-stalks long, slender, smooth. Chelipeds much stouter than the other legs, the meropodite being the stoutest joint, and the hand being incurved and the fingers compressed. The ambulatory legs are long and slender, the first pair being more than three times the length of the carapace : the dactyli of the last two pairs are strongly falcate. Length of adult about 6 millim. In the Museum collection are numerous specimens from the aa mans, from Palk Straits, and from the Orissa Coast. Achgeus affinis, Miers. Achzus affinis, Miers, Zoology of the ‘ Alert,’ pp. 181 and 188, and “ Challenger ”’ Brachyura, p. 8. Achzxus affinis, de Man, Archiv. f. Naturges., LIII. 1887, p. 218. Achzxus affinis, Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool. (2) V. 1893, p. 341. Acheus afinis, Ortmann, Zool. Forsch. in Austr. and Malay Arch., Jena, 1894, p. 37. ““Carapace subtriangular and moderately convex, with the surface uneyen, but the regions not very distinctly defined ; the post-orbital eeeeESEeeeeeeee Carcinological Fauna of India. 173 region is constricted. The rostrum is moderately prominent, the frontal lobes very small and subacute. On the cardiac region is a bilobated prominence, which is usually very much elevated; there is a small angulated prominence on the hepatic regions, and occasionally one or two granules on the branchial regions, which are not at all convex. Hye-peduncles with a blunt tubercle in the middle of their anterior margins. The merus-joints of the outer maxillipedes are narrowed and subacute at their distal ends, where they are articulated with the next joints. The chelipedes (in both sexes) are rather slender; margins of the arm, wrist, and palm usually with a few granules or spinules; merus somewhat trigonous ; fingers as long as the palm, and somewhat incurved, with their inner margins denticulated, and having between them when closed (in the males) a small hiatus at base. The ambu- latory legs are slender, filiform, and very much elongated, the second legs being, in an adult male, four times as long as the postfrontal por-. tion of the carapace ; the dactyli of the two posterior pairs only are distinctly falciform ; both chelipedes and ambulatory legs are scantily clothed with long hairs. Length of carapace (including rostrum) of an adult male about 5 lines (10°5 millim.), breadth about 3 lines (6 millim.); length of second leg about 1 inch 8 lines (42 millim.); an adult female has the carapace relatively somewhat broader, length nearly 5% lines (12 millim.), breadth 4 lines (8°5 millim.). The bilobated prominence on the cardiac region and tuberculated eye-peduncles serve to distinguish this species.” (Miers). This species is included in the Indian Fauna on the authority of Professor Henderson: there are no specimens in the Indian Museum collection. Paratymouus, Miers. Paratymolus, Miers, P. Z. 8., 1879, p. 45. Paratymolus, Haswell, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1880, Vol. V. p. 302; and Cat. Austr. Crust., p. 142. Paratymolus, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., &c., VII. 1893-94, p. 34. IT agree with Ortmann in placing this genus among the Acheus- like Maiide: the position of the external genitalia of an ovigerous female in the Museum collection is conclusive. Carapace elongate-subpentagonal, not depressed. Eye-stalks long, slender, salient, non-retractile: no orbits or pre- ocular and post-ocular spines. Antennules longitudinally folded beneath the rostrum. 7 Antenne long, exposed, dorsally, in the greater part of their extent :. the basal joint slender, but so short as hardly to reach the front. 19 174 Careinological Fauna of India. Rostrum short, emarginate, distinctly delimited from the carapace. Epistome short. External maxillipeds with the merus narrower than the ischium, | and bearing the flagellum at the antero-internal angle. Legs not elongate: dactyli slender, straight. Paratymolus hastatus, n. sp. Plate V. figs. 4, 4a. Carapace somewhat elongate-pentagonal or ovoid, with the ros- | trum sharply demarcated, and with the regions undefined. Gastric region with three sharp tubercles disposed in.a triangle, base forwards: cardiac region with a single tubercle: branchial regions each surmounted by an cblique crest of 2 or 3, and with a lateral mar- ginal row of 2 or 3, sharp tubercles: hepatic regions each with two sharp lateral teeth, the posterior of which is large. Rostrum short, emarginate, deeply and broadly grooved dorsally. Hye-stalks long, laterally projecting, slightly moveable ferme but not retractile. Byes tipped with two or three stiff sete. No orbits, and nothing in the shape of orbital spines Cnet a slight angular emargination of the base of the rostrum. Antenne as long as the post-orbital portion of the carapace, and visible, dorsally, from the base of the second joint of the peduncle: the basal joint, which alone is concealed, although slender is short, hardly reaching the front. External maxillipeds with the merus broad, but not so broad as the | ischium, and giving insertion to the palp at the antero-internal angle. Trunk-legs with a few coarse stiff sete: the 2nd pair, which are slightly the longest, are a little less than twice the length of the carapace without the rostrum. Chelipeds characterized by the carpus, which fas its antero-internal | angle produced obliquely to form a great spike, the pomt of which =| reaches almost to the base of the fingers. Length of carapace 6 millim. Breadth of carapace 4°5 millim. Length of 2nd pair of legs 10°65 millim. An egg-laden female from the Andamans ; in which I am satisfied | that the genital orifices are not on the bases of the third pair of legs, but on the sternum. PHYSACHAUS, n. gen. Closely allied to Achzeus, from which it is distinguished chiefly by | the form of the basal joint of the antennary peduncle, which is long | and slender, and is fused near its distal end with the tip of the rostrum. — 20 | Carcinological Fauna of India. 175 General form that of an Acheus with the pterygostomian and branchial regions so inflated as to push forwards the epistomial region to a plane almost at right angles with the antennary region. Eyes small, slender, rigidly immovable,—in short undergoing degeneration. No orbits or orbital spines. Rostrum very short, bifid, at tip, the point of each tooth being fused with the distal end of the (otherwise free) sub-cylindrical basal joint of the antennary peduncle. Antenne of great length. External maxillipeds with the merus rounded and slightly produced beyond the articulation—at the antero-internal angle—of the palp: the merus much narrower than the ischium. Legs long and slender, with long filamentous dactyli. Chelipeds short. Physachzus ctenurus, n. sp. Plate III. figs. 2, 2 a-b. Carapace sub-triangular, globosely inflated, with all the regions, except the cardiac, tumid and fairly well delimited, and with a strong post-ocular constriction, beneath which there is an almost vertical descent to the mouth. The-rostrum, which is small, consists of two narrow, slightly diver- gent, hollow teeth, to either apex of which the distal end of the other- wise perfectly free basal joint of the corresponding antennary peduncle is fused. Two large erect procurved spines occur in the middle line of the carapace; one on the posterior part of the gastric region, the other behind the cardiac region: on either side of the former, but in a plane anterior to it, there may sometimes be a spinule. In both sexes the abdomen is bluntly but strongly carinated down the middle line, the carina in the case of the male ending on the 6th tergum in a huge recurved spine: in the female instead of a spine there is a small tubercle, and the posterior edge of the sixth tergum bears a row of four spines. The eye-stalks are very small, and are rigidly fixed at right angles to the rostrum: the corneze are almost devoid of pigment. There are no orbits or orbital spines. The antenne are distinctly exposed from their base, and are half as long again as the entire carapace, between one-third and two-fifths of their extent being formed by the slender peduncle. The basal joint is slender and almost cylindrical : it is quite free from neighbouring parts, except at the distal end, which is fused with the tip of the rostrum. The flagella are fringed with long hairs. The antennules are large, and fold longitudinally within the hollow | teeth of the rostrum. Except in regard of the fingers, the chelipeds 21 176 Carcinological Fauna of India. have much the same form as, though slenderer proportions than, those of Stenorhynchus, but the merus is much more strongly and elegantly — curved: the merus and carpus are moderately inflated, the former joint, like the ischium, having its lower edge more or less granulate: the palm is compressed, with the edges denticulate: the fingers are strongly compressed, and have the cutting edges accurately and completely apposable throughout, being denticulate near the tips only. In the female the chelipeds have the same general form as in the male, but differ in having the lower edge of the ischium and merus strongly spinate. The legs are slender and filiform, about one-fourth of their length being contributed by the filamentous dactylus: those of the third trunk-segment are the longest, being about four times the length of the carapace, rostrum included, and more than two-and-a-half times the length of the chelipeds. Male. Female. Length of carapace ich svat 22 millim. .» 85 millim. Breadth of carapace... r e°0 4 so) OHO sees Length of legs of 2nd trunk-segment 28:0 . one a): be ” ” 3rd ” ” 32°0 ” os ene ” Numerous males and egg-laden females from the Andaman Sea, 240 to 375 fathoms. The eggs are few in number and are singularly large, those from a female of the dimensions given above being over a millimetre in diameter. Physacheus tonsor, nu. sp. Plate III. fig. 3. The female, which is the only sex represented in the collection, differs from the female of Physachaeus ctenurus in the following particulars :— (1) the gastric region of the carapace, instead of a single large spine, has several smooth tubercles; and the large spine behind the cardiac region is coarser, and is recurved instead of procurved: the post-ocular constriction is less marked : (2) the abdominal carina ends in a spine, and the sixth tergum has its after edge perfectly smooth instead of quadrispinate : (3) the eye-stalks are larger, and are compressed instead of cylindrical : (4) the chelipeds are relatively stouter, being of much the same proportions as those of the male of Physacheus ctenurus: their merus is | compressed and has its lower border very strongly and sharply carin- ated: the hands are much thinner and more compressed; the palm 22 Carcinological Fauna of India. 177 ‘having its lower edge, and the fingers their outside edges, sharply cristate : (5) the legs of the second, not of the third, trunk-segment are the longest, and considerably so. Length of carapace 11 millim. Breadth of carapace 9°5 millim. Length of legs of 2nd trunk-segment 47 millim., of 3rd trunk-segment 40 millim. Two egg-laden females from the Andaman Sea, 271 fathoms. The eggs, as in the preceding species, are large and few in number. The above species represent an Achzeus modified for life at a con- siderable depth. The branchial chambers, as is very commonly the case "in deep-sea Malacostraca, are greatly inflated: the eyes have degene- rated, and the antenne—no doubt in compensation—have become ‘remarkably lengthened: while the auditory tubercles also, it may be mentioned, are large and prominent. GRYPACHAZUS, n. gen. Intermediate between Achsus and Hchinoplax. Carapace triangular, spiny, separated from the frontal region by a post-ocular “neck.” Rostrum spiny: composed of two short divergent spinelets, with a strong median deflexed (interantennulary) spine, not visible from above. LHyes laterally projecting, movable, but not suffi- ciently retractile to be ever concealed. Small supra-ocular and post- ocular spines are present as part of the general spinature. Antenne dorsally exposed from the basal joint of the peduncle, which joint is long slender cylindrical and spiny. External maxillipeds with the merus elongate, much narrower than the ischium, and not much broader than the carpopodite. Legs hairy and spiniferous. Abdomen six-jointed in 9. Grypachzeus hyalinus (Alcock & Anderson). Plate III. figs. 4, 42. Achzus hyalinus, Alcock & Anderson, J. A. S. B., Pt. ii. 1894, p. 205. Carapace sub-triangular, thin, vitreous, spiny especially in its an- terior half: the regions well delimited, and the post-ocular portion con- stricted to form a ‘‘neck.”” The rostrum, as seen from above, ends in two short spines, each of which has a spine at its base; but from in front _ or from below it shows a strong vertically deflexed (interantennulary) spine. The eyes are large; and the long eye-stalks, which bear two tuber- cles on their front surface, are movable backwards, and are exposed from 23 178 Carcinological Fauna of India. their base in all positions. The antenne are visible, dorsally, from the end of the basal joint of the peduncle, which joint is long, slender, cylin- drical and spiny. The external maxillipeds are large, hairy, and almost pediform, owing to the narrowness of the merus and the coarseness of the palp. The trunk-legs are hairy and spiny, the hairs on the 2nd and 3rd pairs being remarkably long, stiff, and closely and evenly set. The arm, | wrist, and hand of the chelipeds—but especially the arm—are acutely spiny, as are also the edges of the meropodites of the legs,—the spina- ture of the front edge of the meropodites of the 2nd and 3rd pairs being particularly prominent. The fifth pair of legs are sub-chelate, the pro- podite having its proximal end strongly dilated to receive the folded-back dactylus: the apposed edge of the dactylus is minutely, that of the pro- podite sharply and conspicuously, spinate. Length of carapace 14 millim. Breadth of carapace 9 millim. Greatest span (between extended 2nd pair of trunk-legs) 67 millim. 7 Loc. Off Trincomalee 28 fms. Females only. Ecurnopiax, Miers. Echinopla», Miers, “ Challenger ” Brachyura, p. 31. Carapace sub-pyriform, longer than broad, and covered with very | numerous closely-set spines and spinules : orbital margin spinose : spines | of rostrum acute, divergent from their bases, and bearing several acces- | sory spinules. Post-abdomen seven-jointed. Basal antennal joint slen- | der, spinuliferous, and in contact with the front at the distal extremity : | flagellum visible from above at the sides of the rostrum. Maxillipeds | with the merus narrower than the ischium, and the palp coarse; merus | truncated and not notched at the distal extremity, the antero-lateral | angle not produced. Legs spinuliferous. Chelipeds in the female [as | in the male] slender and feeble, with the palms not dilated. Ambula- | tory legs considerably elongated, with the penultimate joint not dilated ; | the dactyli nearly straight. | Key to the Indian Species of Echinoplax. Carapace with the regions well defined: rostrum in the adult con- | siderably less than half the length of the carapace :— | 1. Carapace and abdominal terga closely covered | with pungent acicular spines of equal size...H. pungens. | 2. Carapace and abdominal terga finely granular, 7 with a few definitely placed spines of conspicu- | ous size i is .. EB. rubida. | 24 | Carcinological Fauna of India. 179 Echinoplax jpungens, Wood-Mason. Echinoplax pungens, Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., March, 1891, p. 259. Carapace pyriform, convex, with the regions well delimited ; densely covered, as are also the sterna, chelipeds, ambulatory legs, and exter- nal maxillipeds, with pungent acicular spines. The abdominal terga of the male and young female are also similarly spiny, but in the adult female they become only distantly and coarsely granular. The rostrum consists of two slender curved divergent spines—less than one-third the length of the carapace proper—the outer and lower surfaces of which are extremely spiny. The eye-stalks, which have the anterior surface closely spinulate, are retractile, but not to the extent of concealment: there is a strong _ post-ocular spine—to which, however, the retracted eye does not nearly reach—and numerous smaller spines along the supra-ocular and infra- ocular margins. The antenne are visible from above, from the middle -of the second joint of the peduncle: the peduncle is spiny, with all the joints very slender: the flagellum reaches a little beyond the tip of the rostrum. | The interantennulary spine is large and deeply bifid. | The chelipeds, which are alike in form in both sexes—though rela- tively longer in the male—are not stouter than the ambulatory legs, _and are rather longer than the carapace and rostrum. | The legs of the next pair are more than twice, and those of the | third pair rather less than twice the length of the chelipeds, while the fourth and fifth pairs decrease considerably in length: the dactyli of all | are densely covered with a brushwork of sete. | Male (adult). Female (adult). | Length of carapace and rostrum ... 70 millim. 79 millim. | Greatest breadth of carapace +» es al 4. : Length of cheliped Le «+> ce (Cae | lle *59 20d. paix ae i. eae 19f | Andaman Sea, 130-250 fathoms. A figure of this fine species has been drawn for “ Illustrations of the Zoology of the ‘ Investigator’” for 1896. | Echinoplax rubida, n. sp. ‘ Differs from Echinoplax pungens, specimens of the same sex, and of approximately the same size being compared, in the following parti- culars :— 1, The carapace, instead of being everywhere covered with pun- 180 Carcinological Fauna of India. gent acicular spines of uniform size, is finely granular, with certain definitely placed distant thornlike spines of conspicuous magnitude, namely :—four in triangle on the gastric region, two side by side on the cardiac region, two side by side on the intestinal region, three on each hepatic region, and three on each branchial region: besides these there are some smaller spines on the lateral aspect of the pterygostomian and branchial regions : 2. The rostral spines are less divergent, and have elegantly curved tips : 3. The abdominal terga (of the young female), instead of being everywhere closely covered with pungent spines, are merely finely and distantly granular, with a single large spine on the first tergum, and a pair of smaller spines on the second, in the middle line: 4. The legs are much less spiny, the propodites of the ambulatory lees being fringed with stiff bristles instead of spines: 5. The colour differs, being, in spirit specimens, a warm brown, instead of a pale yellow. It differs from Hchinoplax moseleyi, Miers, judging from the figures and description, in the following particulars :-— 1. The regions of the carapace are well delimited by sharp cut gTOOves : 2. The rostral spines are considerably less than half the length of | the carapace proper : | 3, The armature is altogether different, the large stout spines of | the present species standing out on a finely granular carapace, and the abdominal terga being distantly granular. | Total length of carapace 35 millim., breadth of carapace 2] millim., | - greatest span (2nd pair of trunk-legs) 150 millim. Loc. Andaman Sea, 90 to 177 fathoms. PuatymMataA, Miers. Platymaia, Miers, ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 12. Carapace sub-orbicular. Rostrum short, tridentate owing to the | size and projection of the interantennulary septum. No pre-ocular spine ; | but a post-ocular spine against which the eye is retractile, but which | affords no concealment to the eye. Epistome extremely narrow. Eyes | large, with short eye-stalks. Basal antennal joint short, cylindrical, | >| and perfectly free: the flagellum and part of the peduncle visible from | above. . | External maxillipeds with the meropodite narrow, and bearing the | next joint at its summit. Chelipeds in the male long, with a long in- 26 | Carcinological Fauna of India. 181 flated club-shaped palm: in the female very short and slender. Ambu- latory legs long, with remarkably thin compressed joints: some of the legs spiny. Abdomen in both sexes with all the segments separate. This genus appears to be very closely related to Macrocheira. Platymaia wyville-thomsoni, Miers. Platymaia wyville-thomsoni, Miers, ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 13, pl. ii. fig. 1. Platymaia wyville-thomsoni, Wood-Mason and Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., March, 1891, p. 258, and May, 1894, p. 401. Carapace transversely sub-circular with the cervical grove well defined: its surface ranging from spinate (in the young) to nearly smooth (in old adults). The rostrum, which is so short as not to break beyond the general outline, consists of three stout spines of equal size, the middle one being the horizontally projecting interantennulary spine. The hepatic region of the carapace bears (in the adult) a nearly vertically disposed row of three spines, against the upper one of which | the eye is retractile. | | The eye-stalks are short, and the eyes largeand oval. The antenne _ are about one-third the length of the carapace, and are plainly visible, in almost the whole of their extent, from above: the joints of the pedun- — _ cle are short slender and cylindrical, the basal joint being perfectly free. The external maxillipeds have the meropodite narrow (about half 'the breadth of the ischiopodite) and giving attachment to the coarse | palp at the summit: both meropodite and ischiopodite are spiny. The chelipeds vary considerably according to sex: in both sexes _ they are spiny up to the base of the fingers; but whereas in the female and young male they are much slenderer than any of the legs and 'are not longer than the carapace, in the adult male they are from two | to three times the length of the carapace and are much stouter than | any of the legs—especially as regards the palm, which is swollen and |club-shaped. The 2nd to 5th pairs of legs are long and slender, with ‘the joints thin and compressed, the propodites being blade-like. The 2nd pair, which are from 3¢ (female) to 53 (male) times the \length of the carapace, are remarkable for their propodite and dactylus, the front edge of which bears a double comb of enormous spines, the posterior edge also being spinulate: both edges of the merus and carpus also are distantly spinulate, The 3rd and 4th pairs have the front edge of the merus distantly spinulate, and they, as well as the oth pair, have the front edge of the razor-like merus closely fringed with long stiff hairs. f27 182 | Carcinological Fauna of India. The abdomen in both sexes is seven-jointed, the abdominal terga, like the thoracic sterna, bearing a few spines or tubercles. The epimeral plates corresponding to the third and fourth trunk legs are also spinate. Andaman Sea, 130-405 fathoms. A large male of this fine species have been figured for “ Illustra- tions of the Zoology of the ‘ Investigator’ ” for 1896. Note on some obvious growth-changes in Platymaia wyville-thomsoni. In very young specimens (carapace less than half an inch in diameter) the whole carapace is closely and sharply spiny. In larger specimens (carapace about three-quarters of an inch in diameter) the carapace has become closely and finely granular, with the spines persistent only in definite situations, somewhat as in Miers’ figure and description (loc. cit.) In larger specimens (carapace two and a half inches in alieniteeas the carapace has become coarsely and bluntly granular, without any spines, except a few quite anteriorly in the neighbourhood of the hepatic region. In the largest specimens (carapace three to nearly four inches in diameter) the carapace is in places quite smooth, the only spines present being two external to the eye, and one on the front margin of the hepatic region. In contrast with the carapace, the spines on the abdominal sterna of the male show no signs of effacement with age. The colours also vary with age. In young males the carapace is red, with or without white points, and the legs are red and white in alternate bands. In the adult the colour is uniform. Oncinopus, de Haan. Oncinopus, de Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 87. Oncinopus, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p.645; and ‘ Challen- ger’ Brachyura, p. 20. ‘“‘Carapace semi-membranaceous, elongate, narrow-triangulate and depressed. Rostrum very short, composed of two vertically compressed laminiform lobes: no pre- or post-ocular spines. Post-abdomen in both sexes distinctly seven-jointed. Hyes slender and projecting laterally. Antenne with the basal joint very short and slender, and not attaining the front, the flagella exposed and visible at the sides of the rostrum. Merus of the exterior maxillipedes elongated, and articulated with the 28 Carcinological Fauna of India. 183 next joint at its summit. Chelipedes in the male rather small, with the palm turgid, and the fingers having between them, when closed, an interspace at the base. Ambulatory legs slender and ‘somewhat elongated, with the penultimate joints of the first and second pairs dilated, compressed, and ciliated on the posterior margin; the dactyli in all slightly arcuated and retractile against the penultimate joints.” Oncinopus aranea, de Haan. Inachus (Oncinopus) aranea, de H., Faun. Japon. Crust., p. 100, pl. xxix. fig. 2. Oncinopus aranea, Adams and White, Zool. ‘ Samarang,’ Crust., p. 3. Oncinopus neptunus, Adams and White, Zool. ‘Samarang,’ Crust., p. 1, pl. ii. fig. 1. Oncinopus subpellucidus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1857, p. 221. Oncinopus angulatus, Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc., N. S. Wales, IV. 1879, p. 433. Oncinopus subpellucidus, Haswell, Cat. Austr. Crust., p. 5. Oncinopus aranea, Miers, Zool. ‘Alert,’ pp. 182 and 190; and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 20. Oncinopus neptunus, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XX. 1890, p. 109. Oncinopus aranea, Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1898, p. 341. Oncinopus aranea,. Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst. etc., VII. 1893, p. 37. Oncinopus neptunus, Alcock and Anderson, J. A. S. B., Pt. ii. 1894, p. 199. Carapace elongate-triangular, thin and semi-membranous, and, as well as all the appendages, tomentose. Rostrum short, bilobed. Eyes small, retractile beneath the edge of the carapace: no orbits or protective spines. Antenne extremely short, reaching only just beyond the tip of the rostrum : the basal joint short and free. Chelipeds in the female and young male slenderer than the next legs and not quite equal in length to the carapace; in the adult male about as stout as the next legs, with an inflated almost globose palm, and a little longer than the carapace. The 2nd and 8rd pair of legs differ very markedly from the 4th and 5th pair. The 2nd and 3rd pair are long and stout, with a com- paratively short carpopodite, with a long broad propodite, and witha comparatively slightly curved dactylus—all these joints being remark- ably setaceous. The 4th and 5th pair, on the other hand, are slender and comparatively short, with a long slender carpopodite and with a short propodite which with the strongly recurved dactylus forms a sub-chela—all these joints being merely tomentose. The 5th pair of legs is also remarkable for its sub-dorsal position. Length of carapace of an adult, 14 to 15 millim. Specimens in the Museum collection from the Laccadives, Maldives, Ceylon, Andamans and Malay Peninsula, up to 32 fms. 29 184 Carcinological Fauna of India Cameoscta, Latreille. [ Camposcia, Latreille, Cuvier Regne Animal (2) IV. p. 60.] Camposcia, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 282. Camposcia, de Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 87. Camposcia, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p. 644. Carapace pyriform. Rostrum broad, exceedingly short—hardly surpassing the level of attachment of the eyes—emarginate, slightly deflexed. | Hye-stalks long, recurved, retractile towards the sides of the carapace: a post-ocular tooth, not however affording any concealment to theeye. Antennulary fosse coalescent to form a single chamber. Antenne moderately long, almost entirely exposed to dorsal view, the free joints of the peduncle flattened. External maxillipeds with the merus narrower than the ischium, and giving attachment to the next joint at the summit. Chelipeds in both sexes slender—but most so in the female—and short. Some of the ambulatory legs long, The abdomen in both sexes has all seven joints distinct, and is as broad in the adult male as it is in the adult female— covering almost the whole sternum. Camposcia retusa, Latr. [Camposcia retusa, Latreille, Cuvier Regne Animal (2) IV. p. 60.] [Camposcia retusa, Guerin, Icon. Regn. Anim. Crust., pl. ix. fig. 1.] Camposcia retusa, Latr. Milne-Kdwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 283, pl. xv. figs. 15 and 16. Camposcia retusa, Cuvier, Regne Animal, Crust., pl. xxxii. fig. 1. Camposcia retusa, Adams and White, Zool. ‘ Samarang,’ Crust., p. 6. Camposcia retusa, Bleeker, Recherches Crust. de l’Ind. Archipel., p. 7. Camposcia retusa, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1857, p. 218. Camposcia retusa, A. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus., VIII. 1872, p. 255. Camposcia retusa, Brocchi, Ann. Sci. Nat. (6) II. 1875, Art. 2, p. 89, pl. xviii. fig. 156 (male appendages). Camposcia retusa, Hilgendorf, Monatsber. Akad. Berl., 1878, p. 784. Camposcia retusa, Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc., N. S. Wales, IV. 1879, p. 488; and Cat. Austr. Stalk and Sessile-eyed Crust., p. 4. Camposcia retusa, E. Nauck, Zeits. Wiss. Zool., xxxiv. 1880, p. 38 (gastric teeth). Camposcia retusa, Miers, Zool. ‘ Alert,’ pp. 181, 189, 516, and 520. Camposcia retusa, De Man, Archiv. f. Naturgesch. LIII. 1887, Bd. i. p. 219. Camposcia retusa, C. W. S. Aurivillius, Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl., XXIII. 1888-89, No. 4, p. 35. Camposcia retusa, A. Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., etc., VII. 18938, p. 35. [Camposcia retusa, F. Muller, Verh. Ges. Basel, VIII. p. 473.] Carapace pyriform, thin, but well calcified. The whole body and 30 Carcinological Fauna of India. 185 most of the appendages thickly setaceous, and densely encrusted with sponges, zoophytes, algx, etc. Rostrum broad, extremely short, some- what deflexed, slightly emarginate. Hye-stalks long, recurved, retractile to the sides of the carapace, and towards a slender acute post-ocular spine. Owing to the imperfec- tion of the rostrum the interantennulary spine is not developed, so that both the antennules fold into a common chamber. The antenne, which are completely exposed from the base of the 2nd joint, have the basal joint long and slender, and the free joints of the peduncle flat and densely setaceous. The hairy external maxillipeds have the antero-internal angle of the ischium produced into a long narrow lobe, parallel to the narrow -meropodite. | The chelipeds in both sexes are slender and are about equal in length to the carapace: in the male they are stouter than in the female, and also differ in having the palms inflated: the fingers in both sexes _are closely apposable and are toothed throughout. | The other trunk-legs increase in length from the 2nd pair (which | are a little longer than the chelipeds) to the 4th pair (which are twice as long as the chelipeds) : the 5th pair, again, being only as long as the | 3rd pair. : The abdomen in the adults of both sexes is broad and sub-circular, | almost entirely covering the sternum, and consists of seven separate | segments. | In the Museum collection are adult males and egg-laden females from the Andamans, Cocos, Ceylon and Samoa—the last being from the collection of the Museum Godeffroy. Alliance II. Inacuorpa. InacHoIpEs, Edw. & Lucas. Inachoides, Milne-Edwards and Lucas, in D’Orbigny Voy. Amer. Merid., Crust. pp. 4&5. | Inachoides, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. p. 646, | Inachoides, A. Milne-Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex., etc., Crust., etc., I. p. 198. Carapace pyriform much narrowed in front, inflated behind, the regions well delimited. Rostrum simple. Hyes not, or slightly, retrac- tile towards the sides of the carapace; never, in any position, concealed. Pre-ocular and post-ocular spines distinct —especially the latter. Basal antennal joint long and slender: its antero-external angle visible from above, on either side of the rostrum, as an acute spine : 31 186 Carcinological Fauna of India. the rest of the antennal peduncle, and the flagellum, completely exposed from above. Epistome broad. External maxillipeds with the merus as broad as the ischium, completely closing the mouth. Chelipeds in the male rather longer than any of the other legs, and with a long somewhat inflated palm. Ambulatory legs of moderate length, slender, and ending in a styliform dactylus which in some cases is spinulate along the posterior border. Abdomen of the male composed of seven distinct segments, that of the female of five. Inachoides dolichorhynchus, Alcock & Anderson. Plate IV. figs. 1, la. Inachoides dolichorhynchus, Alcock and Anderson: Journ. As. Soc., Bengal, Pt. ii. 1894, p. 206. Carapace elongate-triangular, Rostrum as long as the carapace, simple, spiny, acute. The regions of the carapace are well defined, and are distantly spiny, the following spines being the most conspicuous :— (1) on each side a supra-ocular, a post-ocular (hepatic), and four bran- chial; (2) in the middle line, a gastric, a cardiac, and an intestinal. The eyes, though to a certain extent retractile towards the sides of the carapace, are in all positions completely exposed. The antenne, which are exposed from the end of the basal joint, are long—more than three-fourths the length of the carapace: their basal joint is long, slender, flattened and fused with the neighbouring parts, and has its antero-external angle produced into an acute spine: the second and third joints are knobbed distally. The chelipeds are long—one-fourth longer than the carapace and rostrum combined: their palm, which forms about two-fifths of their total extent and is nearly three times the length of the fingers, is broad- ened and moderately inflated. The 2nd pair of trunk-legs are about equal in length to the chelipeds, but the 4th and 5th pairs are not much more than half that length. Length of carapace and rostrum 17°5 millim.; greatest breadth 8 millim. ; greatest span 54 millim. Off Madras Coast. ENcEPHALOIDES, Wood-Mason. Nearly related to Inachoides. Carapace, owing to the remarkable inflation of the branchial regions, heart-shaped and posteriorly as broad as long (rostrum included) : the branchial regions meeting across the carapace in the middle line. Ros- 32 Carcinological Fauna of India. 187 trum simple, shaped like the beak of a bird. EHyes retractile against the sides of the carapace: a small pre-ocular and post-ocular spine, but no definite orbit. 7 Basal antennal joint slender throughout: the antenne visible, dorsally, from the base of the second joint. Merus of the external maxillipeds produced antero-externally to form a foliaceous lobe which covers the greatly produced efferent branchial orifice. Abdomen in the male seven-jointed : in the female the fourth, fifth and sixth segments, though distinctly recognizable, are firmly fused together. Chelipeds in both sexes slender. Legs long and slender. Only eight branchie on either side. Encephaloides armstrongi, Wood-Mason. Encephaloides armstrongi, Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., March, 1891 ap. 209. Carapace heartshaped: its greatest breadth is equal to its length with the rostrum: its surface in the adult is nodular or pustular, in the young coarsely spiny. The gastric and hepatic regions are well-defined ; but the cardiac and intestinal regions are entirely concealed by the branchial regions, which rise up like a pair of mamme, and meet, but without any fusion of walls, down the middle line. The rostrum, which is shaped exactly like the beak of a bird, is _ about one-fourth the length of the carapace proper, and _ has a finely serrated edge. In the male the abdomen is distinctly seven-jointed ; but in the female the fourth, fifth and sixth segments are immovably sutured together. The eyes which are small, slender, and unpigmented, are retractile against the side of the carapace: there is a very narrow supra-orbital _ eave ending anteriorly ina minute tooth, and there is a small post-ocular spinule. On the dorsal aspect the antenne are plainly visible on either side of the rostrum, from the base of the 2nd joint of the peduncle: the flagella, which are of hairlike tenuity, hardly surpass the tip of the rostrum. Owing to the prolongation of the efferent branchial canal, the front edge of the buccal frame is V-shaped, and the merus of the external _maxillipeds ear-shaped. 33 188 Carcinological Fauna of India. The trunk-legs recall those of Hgeria, being all long, slender, eyhn- drical, and quite devoid of hairs or spines: the chelipeds are short, and are not stouter than the ambulatory legs. For proportions, see Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., March, )891, p. 260. Apocremnus, A. Milne-Edwards. Apocremnus, A. Milne-Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex., etc., Crust., etc., I. p. 184. Apocremnus, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 17. Carapace triangular or pyriform, much narrowed in front, inflated behind. Rostrum bifid. Eyes imperfectly retractile: a strong supra- ocular, but no post-ocular spine [a distant hepatic spine must not be mistaken for a post-ocular spine]. Basal antennal joint narrow, its antero-external angle forming a strong spine visible from above on either side of the rostrum : the free joints of the peduncle and the fia- gellum exposed to dorsal view. Hpistome broad. Hxternal maxillipeds with the merus at least as broad as the ischium, quite closing the mouth- frame. Chelipeds not much enlarged: the other legs short and slender, with slender dactyli capable of some flexion on the penultimate joint. Abdomen in the male six jointed—(in the female four (?) jointed). The genus Apocremnus has never yet been reported from Hastern Seas. It was first described from the Florida coast, and was afterwards reported by the ‘ Challenger ’ from Fernando Noronha (an island in the South Atlantic, off the coast of Brazil). There is nothing unprecedent- ed therefore in its occurrence in deepish water in the Indian Ocean. Apocremnus indicus, n. sp. Plate IV. figs. 2, 2a. Carapace pyriform, inflated in the branchial, constricted in the post- ocular region, and armed with six long knob-headed spines, as follows :— one, semi-erect, above the root of either eye-stalk ; one in the middle of the cardiac region, flanked on either side by one in the middle of each branchial region ; one in the middle line on the posterior border. There are, in addition, on either side, two sharp spines, one above the other, near the middle of the hepatic region, and far from the eye. The rostrum is formed of two short, slightly divergent, knob-head- ed spines. On either side of its base are seen the antenne and a large spine formed by the antero-external angle of the basal antennal joint. The constituent segments of the sternum are sharply granular, and are separated from one another by deep grooves. 34 Carcinological Fuuna of India. 189 The eye-stalks are of moderate length, salient, and almost immov- able. The buccal orifice is large, and the external maxillipeds are orna- mented with lines of fine sharp-cut granulation : their merus is as broad as the ischium, and is excavated near the middle for the insertion of the palp. The chelipeds, in the male, are somewhat longer than the cara- pace and rostrum: their ischium, merus, and carpus are ornamented with lines of fine sharp granulation: the palms are elongate and com- pressed, with the edges carinate: the fingers, which are less than half the length of the palm, are compressed and curved. The ambulatory legs, which decrease in length gradually, have their bases and meropodites granular, and the dactyli very slender. The length of the carapace of the largest specimen—a male—is 9 millim., of an egg-laden female 6 millim. From off the Andamans at about 100 fathoms, and off Ceylon at 32 to 34 fathoms. Cotiopes, Stimpson. Collodes, Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., New York, Vol. VII. 1862, p. 193. Collodes, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p. 645. Carapace ovate-triangular. Rostrum short, bifid, with the lobes approximate. LHyes of moderate length, retractile against a strong post- ocular process which affords no concealment. Basal antennal joint narrow, a little curved, anteriorly bidentate, one tooth placed behind the other ; mobile part of the antennz exposed. Hxternal maxillipeds with the merus as broad as the ischium, completely covering the mouth. Chelipeds of moderate size. Ambulatory legs short, prehensile, with slender dactyli which in length are equal to their propodites, and are retractile against the latter, Abdomen of the female consisting of five segments. Collodes malabaricus, u. sp. Plate V. fig. 3. Carapace ovate-triangular, with the gastric and cardiac regions distinct and elevated. Rostrum short, emarginate. Pre-ocular spine large and coarse, post-ocular spine very prominent. A tubercle on the _ cardiac region, and a large epibranchial spine on either side of it. Basal antennal joint narrow throughout, and bearing two spines anteriorly—one at the antero-external angle, visible from above, and comparable in size to one of the rostral teeth—and one behind this, immediately in front of the base of the eye-stalk. Eyes slender and 35 ; 190 Curcinological Fauna of India. retractile towards the post-ocular tooth, which, however, affords no concealment. Chelipeds (in the female) hardly stouter than the ambulatory legs, which are short, with prehensile dactyli. Two ovigerous females, the larger of which is 4 millim. long, from off the Malabar Coast, 26 to 31 fathoms. The genus Collodes has hitherto been known only as a tropical American genus. It has been found on both sides of Central America so that its occurrence in Indian waters is not without precedent. Sub-family II. ACANTHONYCHIN A. Eyes without true orbits: eye-stalks little movable, either short and more or less concealed beneath a forwardly-directed supra-ocular spine, or obsolescent and almost or completely sunk either in the sides of a huge beak-like rostrum, or between low pre-ocular and post-ocular excrescences (Sphenocarcinus) : a distinct post-ocular spine, which is not cupped, may be present (Pugettia). Basal antennal joint truncate- triangular, External maxillipeds with the merus as broad as the ischium, and with the (small) palp arising from the antero-internal angle of the merus. Dactyli of the ambulatory legs prehensile or sub-chelate, in the former case the last three pairs of legs are often disproportionately short compared with the second pair. Rostrum either simple or two- spined, Key to the Indian genera. (ii Carapace and 1. Hye-stalks al- rostrum sub-cylin- most obsolete, drical, the latter completely sunk, bifid at tip.......... XENOCARCINUS. and almost or I. Rostrum of huge quite immovable:< iii Carapace de- size; simple, or carapace smooth pressed, elongate- bifid at tip; not or tuberculate : no triangular: ros- flanked on either? post-ocular pro- trum laterally side by salient su- cess. compressed, not pra-ocular spines. _ bifid at tip........ Srmocarcinus. 2. Kye-stalks short, sunken but movable between low smooth pre-ocular and post-ocular excrescences : carapace with { huge symmetrical pedicled tablets....,... SPHENOCARCINUS. 36 Carcinological Fauna of India. 191 f {i. Rostrum laterally compressed, = su- pra-ocular spines small: eye-stalks so short and deep- ly sunken as to hardly reach to the sides of the cara- pace; carapace of II. Rostrum flanked | 1. Carapace _ elon- the female with on either side by gate-triangular, large foliaceous salient supra-ocu- rostrum elongate, | lateral lobes........ HUENIA. lar spines; either simple: ambula-% long and simple, J tory legs not sub- | ii. Rostrum horizon- or consisting of chelate. tally compressed, two spines of mo- Supra-ocular derate length: no spines large: eye- post-ocular _pro- stalks short, but | cess. reaching beyond the sides of the carapace: cara- pace of the female without foliaceous | lobes................. MErNazZ=THIUS. 2. Carapace broad, sub-quadrangular: ros- : trum short and deeply bifid, ambulatory We lees snbehelate’...............geemeepswen: ACANTHONYX. XENOCARCINUS, White. Huenioides, A. Milne-Edwards, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France (4) V. 1865, p. 144. Xenocarcinus, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p. 648, pl. xii. | fig. 5. Carapace ovate-subcylindrical, tapering to a long thick subcylin- | drical rostrum, or beak, the tip of which is emarginate or bifid. : Hyes short, completely sunken in the sides of the rostrum, almost ‘immovable: no pre-ocular or post-ocular spines. Antenne with the basal joint triangular, and with the short mobile _ portion hidden beneath the rostrum. External maxillipeds with the merus as broad as the ischium and giving attachment to the palp at its antero-internal angle. Chelipeds not much shorter or stouter than the 2nd and 3rd pairs Es legs: 4th and 5th pairs of legs short: all with the dactyli short, | stout, curved, and sharply toothed along the posterior surface. | Abdomen of the female four-joiuted, the 3rd — 6th segments being | fused together. 137 ) | | Xenocarcinus, White, Jukes’ Voyage H. M. S. ‘ Fly,’ Vol. II. p. 335. \ i } { 192 Carcinological Fauna of India. Xenocarcinus tuberculatus, White. Xenocarcinus tuberculatus, White, P. Z, S., 1847, p. 119, and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) I., 1848, p. 221, and in Jukes’ Voyage H. M. S. ‘ Fly,’ Vol. II. p, 336. Xenocarcinus tuberculatus, Hess, Archiv. f. Naturges. XXXI. i. 1865, pp. 131 and 171. Xenocarcinus tuberculatus, A. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. VIII. 1872, p. 253, pl. xii. fig. 1. Xenocarcinus tuberculatus, Miers, Zool. ‘ Erebus’ and ‘ Terror,’ Crust., p. 1, pl. ii. fig. 1, le. Xenocarcinus tuberculatus, Haswell, P. L. 8., N. S. Wales, Vol. IV. 1879, p. 436, and Cat. Austr. Crust., p. 8. Xenocarcinus tuberculatus, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., etc., VII. 1893, p. 40. Carapace elongate ovate-subcylindrical with the regions ill defined and the surface more or less tuberculated. [Typically the tubercles _fall into distinct transverse rows]. The rostrum has the form of a long coarse cylindrical beak, the apex of which is bifid, and the surface — densely covered with velvety hairs. The eyes are completely and almost immovably sunk in the sides of the rostrum. The antennary flagella are much shorter than, and are completely hidden by, the rostrum. The chelipeds and ambulatory legs are short and nodular, the latter having curved strongly-toothed preheusile dactyli. The chelipeds are hardly stouter, and are not much shorter, than the 2nd pair of legs, which again are much longer than the 3rd to 5th pair. ‘The colours described by White are “two or three waved longitudiual red lites on the posterior half of the carapace, the inner line continued before the eyes.” By A. Milne-Kdwards the colours of the carapace and ieee are said to be reddish stained with yellow. In a good spirit specimen the abdomen carapace and beak are dull reddish brown, with a broad yellow stripe extending from the base of the beak to the tip of the abdomen, and on either side of the carapace a narrow sinuous yellow line; and the trunk-legs are yellow, more or less banded and striped with dull brown. In the Museum collection are two females, one from Ceylon (34 fathoms), the other from the Andamans. The one from Ceylon, which is an egg-laden adult 15 millim. long, resembles as to its carapace and rostrum, but not as to its legs, the figure in the Zoology of the ‘ Erebus’ and ‘Terror ;’ aud as to its legs, but not as to its carapace and rostrum, the figure in Archiv. du Mus. tom. VILI. 1872. The other, from the Andamans, which is not adult, exactly resembles, as to its carapace, but not as to its legs, the last cited figure. 38 Carcinological Fauna of India. 193 Spuenocarcinus, A. Milne-Hdwards. Sa ew er eee Sphenocarcinus, A. Milne-Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex., Crust., I., p 185. Sphenocarcinus, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p. 663; and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 34. Carapace elongate sub-pentagonal, broad behind, tapering in front to a long rostrum formed of two spines (fused together to near the tip). The surface of the carapace is symmetrically and deeply honey-combed by broad deep channels which leave symmetrical tubercles with over- hanging edges between them. There are no true pre-ocular and post-ocular spines, but the eye is deeply sunk between two low smooth excrescenees which are pre-ocular and post-ocular in position. The basal antennal joint is truncate-triangular, and the antennary flagella are completely hidden beneath the rostrum. The epistome is long and narrow. The external maxillipeds have the merus as broad as the ischium, somewhat dilated at the antero-external angle, and ‘somewhat excavated at the antero-internal angle for the insertion of the ‘small palp. The chelipeds are not much stouter, and not much shorter | than the next pair of legs, which are the longest: the dactyli of the ‘legs, though stout recurved and prehensile, are not toothed along the | posterior edge. Abdomen, in both sexes, seven-jointed. | | Ozxypleurodon Miers (‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 38) differs from | Sphenocarcinus only in the form of the rostrum, the spines of which are | divergent instead of convergent and more or less fused. I much suspect the generic value of this character. If, however, the two forms be iden- | tical, then Sphenocarcinus would have to be removed to the next sub- family, in which case the sub-family Acanthonychine would be perfect- | ly homogeneous. | Sphenocarcinus cuneus (Wood-Mason). Ozxypleurodon cuneus, Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) VII. 1891, p. 261. Carapace elongate sub-pentagonal, narrowing to a lone tapering cylindrical rostrum, which, in the male, is longer than the carapace and only emarginate at the extreme tip, but, in the female, is shorter than the carapace and distinctly bifid at the end. The carapace is symmetrically honey-combed by deep channels, which leave between them great symmetrically undermined islets, as follows :—one, very elongate-oval, on the gastric region; one, triangu- lar, on the cardiac region; one, somewhat semilunar with one horn 39 194 Careinological Fauna of India. much produced laterally, on each branchial region; and one, Cupid’s |) bow-shaped, along the posterior border. Besides these there are some || smaller islet-like excrescences, namely, on each side, a supra-ocular, post-ocular, hepatic, and branchial. Between the supra and post-ocular excrescences, are set the small |, squat little-movable eyes. Of the trunk-legs, the 2nd pair (7.e., first ambulatory legs) are the longest, being very slightly longer than the chelipeds, and considerably — shorter than the carapace measured with the rostrum, but much longer than any of the last 3 pairs of legs. ; In the female all the long joints, except the dactyli, and in the ; male all except the dactyli and propodites, are strongly carinated © dorsally. | The chelipeds are hardly stouter than the next pair of legs, except | as regards the palm in the male, which is broadened and somewhat inflated. In neither sex are the short white polished fingers apposable — throughout. Male. Female. Length of carapace and rostrum .. 19 millim. ... 28s tail: Greatest breadth of carapace OY hee 7 us ie AS Bs Length of rostrum alone the 2a ao! ee , of 2nd pair of trunk-legs ce us See mer Loc. Andaman Sea, 161 to 250 fathoms. This extremely elegant species has been figured for next year’s issue of “ Illustrations of the Zoology of the ‘ Investigator.’ ” Hventa, de Haan. Huenia, de Haan, Fann. Japon. Crust., p. 83 Huenia, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p. 648 ; and ‘ Challenger ’ Brachyura, p. 34. Carapace depressed, elongate-triangular in the male,* with the lateral epibrauchial angles produced ; sub-quadrangular in the female, with two large foliaceous lobes (epibranchial and hepatic) on either jf side: a small pre-ocular, but no post-ocular spine. Rostrum simple, | acute, vertically deep, laterally compressed. Abdomen in the male seven-jointed; in the female five-jointed ; with the fourth to the sixth joints coalescent. Eyes very small and almost immobile. * A small hepatic lobe is sometimes present in the male also, on either side. 40 | | Carcinological Fauna of India. 195 Basal antennal joint somewhat enlarged, and coalescent at its dis- tal extremity with the front; beneath which the flagella are inserted out of sight in a dorsal view. The external maxillipeds are small, the merus distally truncated, land bearing the palp at its antero-internal angle. Chelipeds in the male | ae developed, with the palms compressed and cristate above, the fingers somewhat excavated at the tips, and not apposable through- out their extent. Ambulatory legs short—the longest pair not much longer than the chelipeds, dactyli short, stout, strongly recurved, and more or less toothed aleng the posterier margin. Huenia proteus, de Haan. Maja (Huenia) proteus, de Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust., p. 95, pl. xxiii. figs. 4-6. Hwenia proteus, Adams and White, ‘Samarang’ Crustacea, p. 21, pl. iv. figs. 4-7, and p. 22, pl. iv. fig. 5. Huenia proteus, Haswell, Proc. L. S., N. S. Wales, Vol. IV. 1879, p. 487; and Oat. Austr. Crust, p. 9. | Huenia proteus, Miers, Zool. ‘ Alert,’ pp. 182 and 191, and * Challenger’ Bra- vehyura, p. 35. Huenta proteus, C.W.S. Aurivillins, Kongl. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. XXIII. (1888-89, No. 4, p. 40, pl. iii. fig. 3. Huenia proteus, R. I. Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) V. 1890, p. 79. ; Huenia proteus, Henderson, Trans Linn. Soc., Zool. (2) V. 1893, p. 341. Huenia proteus, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., ete., VII. 1893, p. 40. | Carapace flat, depressed, with two low elevations in the middle line, | aes smooth: in the male the carapace is elongate triangular, with ithe lateral epibranchial angles produced to form small lobes, and some- times with the hepatic regions expanded in the same way: in the ‘female the carapace is quadrilobate, owing to the foliaceous extension of the hepatic and epibranchial angles. Rostrum long, simple, acute, deep, and laterally compressed, Supra-ocular spines small. Eyes ‘small, deeply sunk beneath the pre-ocular spine, almost immovable. In the male the chelipeds are somewhat shorter, and the next pair ‘of legs (which are the longest) are somewhat longer than the carapace and rostrum combined: in the female the chelipeds are considerably shorter than, and the next pair of legs are about the same length as, the carapace and rostrum. In the female and young male the fingers, which are closely tocthed, meet throughout the greater part of their ‘extent: in the male they meet only at the tips. / The last three pairs of legs are very short. All the long joints, except the dactyli, of all the trunk-legs are more or less carinate dor- bag (anteriorly), the carination often being more or less discontinuous in the case of the chelipeds: the dactyli of the ambulatory legs are stout, strongly recurved, and more or less toothed along the posterior margin. 41 196 Carcinological Fauna of India. In the Museum collection there are several females, but only two males, from various parts of the Andamans, up to 20 fathoms. Smocarernvs, Miers. Simocarcinus, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p. 649. As Huenia, but without the supra-oeular spme; with the chelipeds much stouter, especially as tothe palm, which is much inflated; and |} with the ambulatory legs more cylindrical. Simocarcinus pyramidatus (Heller). — | Hueniea pyramidata, Heller, Crust. Roth. Meer., in SB. Akad. Wien XLIII. 1863 p. 307, pl. i. fig. & Description of the Male. Carapace elongate-triangular, narrowing to a huge, deep, laterally | compressed rostrum of greater length than the carapace: the hepatic regions are marked by a faint bulge, and the lateral epibranchial angles are very sharp cut, while the hmits of the posterior border are bounded on either side by a small lobule. Hxcept for a somewhat elongate eminence on the gastric region and a tubercle on the posterior cardiac region, the carapace is perfectly smooth. The eyes are deeply sunk, and nearly immobile, and the cornea is somewhat deficient in pigment, The chelipeds, which are markedly stouter than the other legs, are a little shorter than the carapace and rostrum; and the next pair of legs, which are a good deal more than twice the length of the 3rd pair and than thrice the length of the 5th pair, are equal m length to the earapace and rostrum. The palms are broadly inflated ; and the fingers, which are strongly arched, meet only at the tips. The ambulatory legs are cylindrical, and their dactyli are stout, strongly recurved, and toothed along the posterior margin. Our single perfect specimen—a male from the Nicobars— measures 30 millim. in length of carapace and rostrum. Simocarcinus simplex (Dana). Huenia sinvplex and brevirostrata, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp. Crust. I. pp. 133 and 134, pl. vi. figs. 3a-c, 4a—c. Simocarcinus simples, Miers, Jour. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p. 649; and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 35 (wbi synon.). [Simocarcinus simplex, Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napol. III. 1889, p. 173.] Simocarcinus simplex, J. R. Henderson, Tr. Linn. Soe. Zool. (2) V. 1898, p. 342. This species is distinguished from Simocarcinus pyramidatus (Hell.) (1) by the much shorter rostrum of the male; (2) by the presence of 42, Carcinological Fauna of India. 197 three tubercles, disposed in a triangle, on the gastric region; (3) by the larger and more prominent eyes; (4) by the absence of the lobule on either side of the posterior border of the carapace; (5) by the much more massive chelipeds of the male. This species is included in the Indian Fauna on the authority of Prof. J. R. Henderson. There are no specimens in the Indian Museum. Meneatuivs, Edw. Menzthius, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 338. Menzxthius, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p. 649; and ‘ Challen- ger’ Brachyura, p. 36. Carapace subpyriform, moderately convex, and tuberculated on the dorsal surface, with a large triangulate pre-ocular spine, but no post-ocular spine. Rostrum simple, slender, acute, or emarginate at apex. Post-abdomen in the male seven-jointed, in the female usually five-jointed, the penultimate joint formed by the coalescence of three segments. Hyes small, mobile, but not perfectly retractile. Basal antennal joint slightly wider at the base than at the distal extremity, which is unarmed ; flagellum exposed and visible from above at the side of the rostrum. Merus of the exterior maxillipedes truncated at the distal extremity and with a prominent antero-external angle, and slightly notched at the antero-internal angle where it is articulated with the next joint, Chelipedes (in the male) well developed, with the palm slightly compressed ; fingers acute, and having between them, when closed, an interspace at the base. Ambulatory legs of moderate length ; the joints subcylindrical, not dilated or compressed; dactyli slightly curved and partially retractile. (Miers). Menzthius monoceros, (Latr.) Edw. [Pisa monoceros, Latr., Encycl. X. 139. ] Inachus arabicus, Riippell, Krab. Roth. Meer., p. 24, pl. v. fig. 4. Menzthius monoceros, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., Vol. I. p. 339. Menzthius subserratus, porcellus, and tuberculatus, Adams and White, ‘ Samarang’ Crustacea, pp. 18 and 19, pl. iv. figs. 1 and 2. Menzthius angustus, depressus, subserratus, tuberculatus, areolatus and inornatus, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust. I. pp. 121-125, pl. iv. figs 5a-7g, and pl. v. figs. la—3d. Menzxthius subserratus, dentatus and depressus, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1857, p. 219. Menzthius monoceros, Heller, Crust. Roth. Meer., SB. AK. Wien, XLII. 1861, _ p. 806. Menzthius monoceros, A. Milne-Edwards in Maillard’s L’ile Réunion, Annexe F, p. 6; and rugosus p. 7, pl. xvii. fig. 2. MEN2THIUS MoNocEROs, A. MitNE-Epwarps, NOUVELLES ARCHIVES DU MusroM IV. 1868, p. 70, and VIII. 1872, pp. 252 and 253 (UBI. syNoN.) 43 198 Carcinological Fuuna of India. Menethius monoceros, Miers, Phil. Trans. Vol. 168, 1879, p. 485, and Zoology ‘Alert,’ pp. 182, 190, 517 and 521, and ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p: Sf. | Menzthius monoceros, Haswell, P. L. S., N.S. Wales, Vol. IV. 1879, p. 437, and Cat. Austr. Crust., p. 9. | Menzthius monoceros, de Man, Notes Leyden Mus. II. 1880, p. 171, and Archiv. | f. Naturges. LIII. 1887, i. 219. ] Menzthius monoceros, Richters in Mébius Meeresf. Mauritius, p. 145. [Menzxthius monoceros, Cano. Boll. Soc. Nat. Napol. IIT. 1889, p. 175.] Menzthius monoceros, Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) V. 1893, p. 342, Menzthius monoceros, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., etc., VII. 1893, p. 41. Carapace elongate-triangular, most markedly so in the male, the lateral epibranchial angles sharp-cut, and the surface very variably tuberculated. The rostrum, which is flanked on either side by the forwardly- directed supra-ocular spine,. is styliform, acute, and horizontally com- > pressed, its length being about half that of the carapace in the male, but a good deal less in the female. . The small eyes are imperfectly retractile, and project freely from 7 beneath the supra-ocular spine. a | The chelipeds in the male are as long as, or a little longer than, the 2nd pair of legs, or about equal in length to the carapace and rostrum : they are very much stouter than any of the other legs, and have a somewhat inflated palm, and fingers which meet only at the tips. The chelipeds in the female are not stouter than the other legs, and are considerably shorter than the next pair of legs, which, again, are a good deal shorter than the carapace and rostrum: the fingers meet through the greater part of their extent. The 8rd—5th pair of legs are very much shorter than the 2nd pair: in all the dactyli are strongly recurved and are toothed along the posterior margin. Very numerous specimens from the Andamans and Nicobars. AcAaNTHONYX, Latr. [Acanthonyz, Latreille, Regne Animal, (2) IV. 58.] Acanthonyz, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 342, Acanthonya, A. Milne-Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex., Crust. I. 142, Acanthonyz, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p. 650; and ‘ Chal- lenger’ Brachyura, p. 42. Carapace sub-oblong, rounded behind, and with the dorsal surface usually depressed, not markedly constricted behind the prominent antero- lateral angles, the lateral] branchial spines small and not prominent. Pree-ocular spine prominent, acute, Spines of the rostrum united at — the base, acute and but little divergent. Post-abdomen in the male six- jointed. Eyes small, mobile, but not completely retractile. Basal an- 44, Carcinological Fauna of India. i tennal joint narrowing slightly from the base to the distal extremity, _ which is unarmed ; flagellum exposed and visible from above at the side | of the rostrum. Merus of the exterior maxillipeds truncated at the distal extremity and but slightly notched at the antero-internal angle, where it is articulated with the next joint. Chelipeds (in the adult male) well developed ; palm compressed, but slightly turgid in the mid- dle, and often slightly carinated above; fingers acute, and having be- tween them, when closed, an interspace at the base. Ambulatory legs short, with the penultimate joints more or less dilated and compressed and armed with a tooth or lobe on its inferior margin, against which the small acute dactylus closes. (Miers). Acanthonyx macleayt, Krauss. Acanthonys macleayi, Krauss, Sudafrikan. Crust., p. 47, pl. iii. fig. 6. Acanthonyz macleayi, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 43. Carapace sub-quadrangular, with the hepatic and lateral branchial spines well developed’: these spines, as well as the spines of the rostrum and the carapace immediately behind the rostrum, are tufted with sets ; and on the gastric region in a line with the hepatic spines are two elevated tufts of sete. Except for the spines and elevations above- mentioned, and for a slight median elevation in its posterior half, the carapace, both as to its margins and as to its surface, is perfectly smooth and unarmed. The supra-ocular spines are parallel with, and in the female almost comparable in size with the rostral spines. The chelipeds in the male, but not in the female, are much stouter than any of the other legs: in the male they are nearly as long as the carapace, and have the carpus and palms much inflated, and the fingers in contact only at their tips: in the female they are only about two- thirds the length of the carapace, and have the joints slender, and the fingers closely apposable throughout. The other legs, which are subchelate, are not disproportionately short compared with the chelipeds : the last pair is sub-dorsal in position, In the Museum collection are specimens from Karachi. Acanthonyx consobrinus, A. Milne-Edwards. Acanthonyz consobrinus, A. Milne-Edwards, in Maillard’s l’Tle de la Réunion, An- nexe F. p. 7, pl. xvii. figs. 3, 3b. Acanthonyx consobrinus, Heller, ‘Novara’ Crustacea, p. 5. “‘ Carapace broadened, and a little swollen, surface non-granular. Gastric region with three ill-defined tubercles. Cardiac region either smooth or with sometimes a trace of a rudimentary tubercle. Latero- 45 i} 200 Carcinological Fauna of India. anterior border cut into four or five teeth, of which the first, or external orbital angle, is small and pointed, the second larger et & extrémité mousse, and the others successively smaller. The rostrum consists of. two short stout spines, and the supra-ocular border forms a spine. Chelipeds short: fingers evenly toothed. Ambulatory legs ending in a recurved claw. The abdomen of the male consists of 5 segments, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th being fused together. There are no specimens of this species in the Museum Collection, which is included in this Fauna on the authority of Dr. Heller who mentions it in the ‘ Novara’ Collection, from Madras. The genus or sub-genus Scyramathia has, I think, very close affinities with the genus Pugettia, and is certainly, I think, a close link between this sub-family and the following. Sub-family ii. PISIN A. Eyes with commencing orbits, of which one of the most character- istic parts is a large, blunt, usually isolated and cupped post-ocular tooth or lobe, into which the eye is retractile, but never to such an extent as to completely conceal the cornea from dorsal view: there is also almost always a prominent supra-ocular eave, the anterior angle of which is sometimes produced forwards as a spine. Hye-stalks short. Basal antennal joint broad, at any rate at the base; its anterior angle generally produced to form a tooth or spine. Merus of the external maxillipeds, owing to the expansion of its antero-external angle, broader than the ischium, and carrying the palp at its antero-internal angle, Rostrum two-spined (in Doclea obscurely so). Legs often very long. Key to the Indian Genera. Alliance 1. Pisorpa. Supra-ocular eave not in close contact with the post- ocular spine or process, and generally produced, but not very conspicuously, at the antero-external angle in the plane of the rostrum. (1. Post-ocular tooth either not cupped, or if cupped then the carapace is armed with long acute spines of uniformly large size and regular arrangement...... ScYRAMATHIA. I. Spines of the ros- (i. Spines of the ros- trum separate 2 trum bearing a from the _ base, + secondary spinule, usually long and either at tip or - Post-ocular tooth deeply cupped; spines of the ca- divergent, : somewhere in their . rapace, if present,} gta] half Naxia never of ‘dnitgm = = Sse size and arrange- ii. Spines of the ros- ment. : trum without a secondary spinule HyastTrnus. 46 * } Carcinological Fauna of India. 201 (1. Carapace sub-circular or globular: ros- trum emarginate: ambulatory legs of moderate length, stout: the entire body, and the appendages in great part, dense- Lyne otc | ee ae pe ) DOCLEA, (i. Post-ocular lobe completely isolat- ed both from the supra-ocular eave and from the ba- sal antennal joint: 2nd pair of trunk- legs never ap- proaching six II. Spinesof the ros- : trum coalescent, 2. Carapace broadly of Hie eee a CHORILIBINIA in their basal half. triangular: tip ac cS of the rostrum deeply cleft: am- bulatory legs extremely long pe and slender. pre hee well as that be- tween the post- ocular lobe and the basal antennal joint occupied by @ spine: 2nd pair of trunk-legs six or more times the length of the ca- ‘a e yapace............... HGERIA. LS Space between the post-ocular Alliance 2. Lissorpa. Supra-ocular eave in the closest contact with the post- ocular process, and with its antero-external angle almost always (always in Indian genera) very strongly produced forwards in the plane of the rostrum. i. Surface of carapace tubercular: chelipeds of the male stouter than those of the female: abdomen of the eee ROVER JOUELCO. foes. i. y. rns -- + see + «+ Toc. Off Malabar coast, 406 fms. Scyramathia beauchampi (Alcock and Anderson). Anamathia beauchampi, Alcock and Anderson, J. A. S. B., 1894, Pt. ii. p. 185. Body and legs downy, and with numerous large coarse curly clavate hairs, which are very regularly arranged on the legs, where also they are coarsest and closest. Carapace sub-triangular, with the following armature :— On either hepatic region a great up-curved earlike spine (without — any bullous base). On either branchial region, posteriorly, a strong © up-turned spine; and anteriorly, near the middle line, a smaller coarse tooth. On the gastric region four sharpish tubercles. On the narrow . sunken cardiac region a coarse sharp tooth. On the posterior border, in the middle line, a coarse granule. The rostrum consists of two more (?) or less (co) divergent spines, the length of which is about one-third that of the rest of the carapace. The eyes are small, and are almost devoid of pigment: they are to some extent hidden beneath a pre-ocular tooth of moderate dimen- sions, and are retractile against a larger laterally-compressed post- ocular plate. | Tbe antennz are completely exposed, from the base of the second joint of the peduncle. The chelipeds in the male are massive, and in length are more than half again as long as the carapace and rostrum: all their joints, from 50 z { Oarcinological Fauna of India. 205 the ischium to the propodite, have one or more of their edges conspi- | cuously and sharply cristiform, this being specially well marked in the ) case of the long trigonal meropodite, which has all its edges sharply phalanged, and in the case of the equally long slightly inflated palm, which has razor-like edges. The fingers, which are not nearly half the length of the palm, are acute, and have their cutting edges entire. The 2nd—dth pairs of legs are slender, with cylindrical joints, the 2nd are nearly or quite equal in length to the chelipeds, the 3rd-5th decrease gradually in size. In an adult female, equal in size to the male above described, the chelipeds are shorter than the 2nd pair of legs, and are similar in general proportions to the other legs. Colours in life: ‘‘ Harth-colour with the chelipeds pink.” Male. Female (adult.) Length of carapace (including rostrum)... 18 millim.... 15:5 millim. Greatest breadth of carapace 1 Oe LIS Leneth of cheliped $4 2 See: 5 Greatest breadth of palm ... he cle i" Loc. Bay of Bengal, 193 and 210 fathoms. The ova are large (diam. 1 millim.) and rather few in number. In young males the chelipeds are of proportions intermediate between those of the adult male and female. Scyramathia globulifera, Wood-Mason. Pugettia globulifera, Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. March, 1891, p. 260. Distinguished by the vertically erect ear-like hepatic spine, the base of which forms a great polished bulla on either side of the buccal frame, giving the animal, when viewed front end on, a bat-like appearance. The body and legs are downy, the legs being fringed with short broad curly hairs. The carapace, in which the cardiac region is broad and prominent and not, asin S. beawchampi, narrow and sunken, has, besides the hepatic spine already mentioned, the following marks :— On the branchial regions, below and anteriorly, a sharp sinuous human-ear-shaped crest ; above and posteriorly a spine; and near the middle line anteriorly an acumination. On the gastric region four faint 51 206 Carcinological Fauna of India. clevations. On the cardiac region, and also on the intestinal region, in — the middle line, an acuminate eminence. | The rostrum consists of two divergent spines, about one-third the length of the rest of the carapace. | The eyes stand well out from beneath the pre-ocular spine, and are retractile against a small post-ocular tooth. : The other appendages closely resemble those of the preceding species; but the chelipeds, in the adult male, are shorter, being only equal in length to the carapace and rostrum, and the fingers have their eutting edges crenulate instead of smooth. In females and in young males the chelipeds have the same re- lative proportions as in Scyramathia beawehampi. Male. Female (adult), Length of carapace (including rostrum)... 17 millim.... 13 millim. Greatest breadth of carapace... Bye, 20 ye Length of cheliped “ie spre be: eer 3. Greatest breadth of palm... Sve, oe ». son Loc. Andaman Sea, 130-240 fathoms. Miers Pugettia velutina (‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 41, pl. vi. figs. 2, 2a, 26) should, I think, be placed in this sub-genus— Scyramathia. Hyastenus, White. Hyastenus, White, P. Z. S., 1847, p. 56. Hyastenus, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p. 658 (et synon.) ; and ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 55. Chorilia and Lahainia, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. I. pp. 91 and 92. Carapace subpyriform, convex, either smooth or tuberculate, some- times spiny. Supra-ocular eave very prominent, usually somewhat acuminately produced anteriorly: post-ocular spine, or lobe, large and excavated. The rostrum consists of two usually long slender divergent spines. Hye-stalks short, retractile against the post-ocular lobe, but never to the complete concealment of the cornea. Basal antennal joint broad, its antero-external angle sometimes produced: the mobile portion of the antenna usually exposed to dorsal view. Merus of the external maxillipeds as broad as, or broader than, the ischium, expanded at the antero-external angle, and bearing the palp at the antero-internal angle. ; 52 Carcinological Fauna of India. 207 Chelipeds in the adult male enlarged: the second pair of trunk- legs usually very much longer than the 3rd 4th and 5th pairs. The abdomen in both sexes consists of seven distinct segments. ) \ Key to the Indian species of Hyastenus. & (i. Rostral spines as long as the carapace, and nearly parallel in their proximal half: cara- pace indistinctly tubercu- Tabed ..... 20. sce [H. sebex.] te Re ors tr a, | spines atleast as long as the 4 carapace pro- per. ° ele ii. Rostral spines about twice as long as the carapace, and widely divergent from their origin: carapace with nu- merous tubercles, and with large cardiac, branchial and intestinal spines: a long ter- minal spine onthe merus of of the second pair of trunk- LOGS «2.00000: orassreceenteaseansecaes 10, tenwicornis, (a. Numerous tubercles for- ming a cross on the gastric region: a me- dian trans- I. Denuded verse tuber- gspece i Legscoarse, | @12in th or podites of | fwean, the spines, and ae é a a ee aie in the J 3 erosions. : : ae ipeds) regions......... H. pleione. cae ‘ Bi nodular. b. Gastric re- much more gion almost than half the smooth: no length of the J tubercle be- carapace pro- ee a per. gastric an cardiac re- | pons eeenee H. hilgendorfiz, (a. Carapace tes out spines..... Hi. oryz. smooth. b. Conspicuous- ly large spines on thecardiac and branchial L L regions......... H. gracilirostris, 53 ii. Legsslend- elongate closely cover- ed with gra- nules and tu- bercles, with- 208 Carcinological Fauna of India. (1. Carapace (i. A large intestinal and two triangular, large gastric spines in the with a large THOGIS TEBE... 45.05 osc decvedees . H. spinosus. ep i branchial spine and at4 least one large II. Denuded sub-hepatic | ii. No large intestinal spine: a carapace tubercle on single gastric tubercle in the smooth and either side. | middle line...............sccec. .. H. diacanthus. polished, with afew | 2. Carapace (i. A pair of gastric tubercles in large elongate, the middle line....... Beeswieccisele H. aries. spines. with a small Z epib ranchial a. An erect tubercle, and¢ ii. Gastricre- | claw-like in- with none of gion with- J testinal spine 4H. calvarius. the sub-hepa- out tuber- } tic tubercles cles. ?. No intestinal enlarged. ke spine........... H. planasius. Hyastenus pleione (Herbst). Cancer pleione, Herbst, Krabben, III. iii. 52, taf. lviii. fig. 5. | Nazia pleione, Gerstaecker. Archiv. fur Naturgesch. XXII. 1856, p. 114, taf. v. figs. 1-2. Hyastenus pleione, A. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. VIII. 1872, p. 250. Hyastenus pleione, de Man, Archiv. fur Naturgesch. LIII. 1887, p. 225, taf. vii. fig. 3; and Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XXII. 1888, p. 18. Hyastenus pleione, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 56. Hyastenus pleione, J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) V. 1898, p. 3438. Carapace triangular, elegantly rounded behind, pubescent like the legs and rostrum, the regions well-defined, tuberculated as follows :— six tubercles disposed in a Y or cross on the gastric region, one in the groove between the gastric and the extremely prominent cardiac region, one in the middle of the intestinal region, and three in a line on the boundary of the hepatic and pterygostomian regions; on either bran- chial region are two longitudinal rows of tubercles, the upper row being the more distinct, but the last tubercle in the lower row being the largest, and forming a rather prominent epibranchial spine; finally on either side of the groove separating the cardiac and intestinal regions is a prominent tooth. The rostrum consists of two slender divergent spines, which in the male are half the length of the carapace proper, but in the female are considerably less. The basal antennal joint has its outer margin, anteriorly, bilobed. The hairy trunk-legs have the upper surface somewhat uneven or actually nodular. The chelipeds in the male are stouter than the other legs, and are as 54 ; chive Carcinological Fauna of India. 209 long as the carapace plus half the rostrum; the fingers, which are hardly Jone half shorter than the short palm, are pee and meet only near beheir tips: in the female the chelipeds are rather more slender than ‘the other legs, are only as long as the post-ocular portion of the cara- pace, and have nearly straight fingers that meet in the aes part of their extent. The second pair of legs, in both sexes, are considerably longer than the chelipeds and than any of the three last pairs: the dactyli of all the ambulatory legs are stout, recurved, and serrated along the posterior margin. In the Museum collection are numerous specimens of both sexes, from Ceylon and Mergui. Hyastenus hilgendorfii, de Man. Hyastenus hilgendorjiz, de Man, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XXII. 1888, p. 14, pl. i. figs. 3 and 4. This species much resembles H. pleione, but is distinguished by the following constant characters :—the carapace is but faintly tuber- culated, and, in particular, there is no tubercle between the gastric and cardiac regions: the dactyli of the ambulatory legs are very strongly toothed, instead of merely serrated, along the posterior margin: in the male the rostrum is nearly two-thirds the length of the carapace, and the chelipeds are as long as the carapace and rostrum combined, and nearly as long as the second pair of trunk-legs,—this being largely due to the increased length of the palm. Carapace subpyriform, and, like the rostrum and legs, pubescent ; _ the regions moderately well-defined. The gastric region is either quite smooth, or presents three faint elevations disposed in a triangle base forwards. There is a small tubercle near the middle of the intestinal region; and a line of eranu- lations along the boundary between the hepatic and pterygostomian regions, which line is continued backwards, along the side of the branchial region, to end at a distinct lateral epibranchial spine: there is also a more or less distinct line of granules on the dorsal aspect of the epi- branchial region. The rostrum consists of two divergent spines, the length of which. in the male is nearly two-thirds that of the carapace proper, but is con- siderably less in the female. Basal antennal joint with the outer mar- gin sinuously curved. The trunk-legs have the surface somewhat uneven: the chelipeds in the male are much stouter than the other legs, and are as long as the 55 210 Carcinological Fauna of India. ae carapace and rostrum, the palm being nearly twice the length of the fingers, which are not much arched and meet in their distal half: in the female the chelipeds are rather slenderer than the other legs, and are equal to the postrostral portion of the carapace in length. The 2nd pair of legs are hardly longer than the (male) chelipeds, but are very much longer than the last three pairs: the dactyli in all are stout, re- curved, and strongly toothed along the posterior margin. Specimens are in the Museum collection from Ceylon, Ganjam, Mergui, the Nicobars, and the Straits of Malacca. Hyastenus diacanthus (de Haan). Pisa (Nawia) diacantha, de Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust., p. 96, pl. xxiv. fig. 1. Nazxia diacantha, Adams and White, ‘ Samarang’ Crust., p. 10. Nawia diacantha, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1857, p. 218. Nawia diacantha, Heller, ‘ Novara’ Crust., p. 3. _ *Hyastenus diacanthus, A. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. VIII. 1872, p. 250. | Nazia diacantha, Brocchi, Ann. Sci. Nat. (6) II. 1875, Art. 2, p. 94, pl. xix. — fies. 172, 173 (male appendages). Hyastenus diacanthus, Miers, Cat. Crust. New Zealand, p.9; and P. Z. S., 1879, pp. 19 and 26; and Zoology H. M. S. ‘Alert,’ pp. 182 and 194; and ‘ Challenger ’ Brachyura, p. 57. Hyastenus diacanthus, Haswell, P. L. S., N. 8. Wales, Vol. IV. 1879, p. 442; and Cat. Austral. Crust., p. 20. . Hyastenus diacanthus, de Man, Archiv. fur Naturgesch., LIII. 1887, p. 220. Nawia diacantha, C. W. 8S. Aurivillius, Kong]. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. XXIII. 1888-89, No. 4, p. 51, pl. ii. fig. 5. [Hyastenus diacanthus, Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napol. III. 1889, p.178.] . Hyastenus diacanthus, A. O. Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XX. 1890, p- 109. Hyastenus diacanthus, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., etc., VII. 1893, p. 55; and — Zool. Forsch. Austral. Malay. Archip., Jena., 1894, p. 42. : Hyastenus diacanthus, Mary Rathbun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. Vol. XVI. 1893, p. 85. — Body and legs densely tomentose, often much encrusted with sponges, — etc. Carapace pyriform, with the regions strongly convex, well-defined, and when denuded, smooth and polished: on the gastric region, in the middle line, there is an acuminate tubercle, on either pterygostomian region at least ove large tooth, and near the hinder limit of either branchial region a horizontally projecting lateral epibranchial spine. The rostrum consists of two more or less divergent horns, the length of which in the adult male is from half to nearly two-thirds that of the carapace proper, but in the female is less. The basal antennal joint is much inflated behind and constricted in front. 56 Carcinological Fauna of India. 2t1 The chelipeds in the male are stouter than any of the other legs, fnd are equal in length to the carapace plus half the rostrum; the fingers, which are arched and meet in rather less than their distal half, are nearly as long as the short inflated palm. In the female and young male the chelipeds are rather more slender than any of the other legs, and in length are equal to the post-ocular portion of the carapace ; and the fingers, which are almost straight, meet in the greater part of their extent. The second pair of trunk-legs are nearly twice the length of the (male) chelipeds, and are far longer than any of the last three pairs: the recurved and densely tomentose dactyli have the _ posterior margin almost smooth. Besides specimens from the Australian and Chinese Seas, the Museum possesses specimens from Ceylon, Orissa, Tavoy, and the Andamans. Hyastenus spinosus, A. Milne-Edwards. Hyastenus spinosus, A. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus., VIII. 1872, p. 250. Hyastenus spinosus, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 56. This species differs from H. diacanthus only in the following parti- culars:—the body and limbs are less densely tomentose; the gastric region, instead of a single acuminate tubercle, has two strong spines in the middle line; there is a stout spine, in the middle line, close to the posterior border of the carapace; the lateral epibranchial spines are larger. These differences are constant in a large series of specimens from different parts of the sea-coast of India: but in two specimens which seem referable to this species the gastric region is quite smooth, though abnormally convex. Hyastenus aries (Latr.) [Pisa aries, Latr. Encyc. X. p. 140]. Chorinus aries, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 315. Hyastenus aries, A. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus., VIII. 1872, p. 250. Chorinus aries, Hilgendorf, MB. Ak. Wiss. Berl. 1878, p. 786. Chorinus aries, HE. Nauck, Zeits. Wiss. Zool. XXXIV. 1880, p. 41 (gastric teeth). Hyastenus aries, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 56. Very closely resembling H. spinosus, from which it differs only in the following particulars—adult males of nearly equal size being compared :—(1) the rostral horns, instead of being long cylindrical divergent and down-curved only at tip, are short (being only one-third the length of the carapace proper in the male, and only about one-fourth 57 212 Carcinological Fauna of India. | in the female), somewhat compressed horizontally, almost parallel on even a little incurved, and perceptibly though very slightly deflexed from the base; (2) the carapace is much more convex and swollen, with the lateral epibranchial and the median posterior spines much smaller ; (3) the chelipeds have the palm less enlarged, and the fingers nearly straight, instead of arched; (4) the anterior angle of the supra-orbital eave, instead of being sharply produced, is obtuse. The Museum possesses specimens from the Orissa Coast and Gulf of Martaban, and also from the Straits of Malacca. Hyastenus planasius, Ad. & White. Pisa planasia, Adams and White, ‘Samarang’ Crust., p. 9, pl. ii. figs. 4 and 5. Hyastenus planasius, A. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus., VIII. 1872, p. 250. Hyastenus (Chorilia) pianasius, Miers, Zoology H. M.S. ‘ Alert,’ pp. 182 and 196; and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 57. Hyastenus planasius, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. Vol. XX. p. 109. Carapace elongate-ovate, its surface smooth and polished anteriorly, finely granulose posteriorly, and with scattered tufts of hairs: a small eminence in the middle of the gastric region, and a small lateral epi- branchial spinule, in front of which latter there may be a line of gra- nules: lateral margin with three spinules anteriorly, two of which are on the pterygostomian region. ‘ The rostrum is formed by two parallel spines, the tips of which are somewhat incurved, and the length of which is about one-sixth that of the carapace proper. The supra-ocular margin is, as usual, very pro- minent, and has its anterior angle somewhat produced. The antero- external angle of the basal antennal joint forms a distinct tooth visible from above. The legs are tomentose with additional long scattered : sete: the second pair (1st ambulatory legs) are, as usual, markedly the longest, being half again as long as the carapace and rostrum: the dac- tyli are short, stout, recurved, and serrated posteriorly. The chelipeds — are described by Adams and White as follows :—“ small, slender, equal 7 in size, covered with scattered long stout hairs; the third joint sub-_ cylindrical, curved inwards and enlarged anteriorly ; fourth joint short, — rounded, and curved, with two small tubercles on the outer and upper surface ; fifth joint rather slender, sub-cylindrical, laterally compressed ; claws slightly gaping in the middle, curved inwards, and finely denticu- lated.” As, however, the male specimen figured does not seem to be adult, these characters are perhaps changeable with age. In the Museum collection are a young male and female from Ganjam — and Arrakan. 58 | Oarcinological Fauna of India. 213 | Hyastenus calvarius, n. sp- This species —females alone being available for comparison — differs from H. planasius chiefly in the following characters :— (1) there is an erect claw-like spine on the posterior border of the carapace in the middle line; (2) the spines of the rostrum are straight, divergent, and about half the length of the carapace ; (3) the dactyli are longer and slenderer. Three females—two of which are laden with eggs—from the Andamans. The larger egg-laden female measures 14 millim. from the tip of the rostrum to the posterior border of the carapace. Description of the female. Carapace elongate-ovate, with the surface, when denuded of scattered sete, smooth and polished: the gastric region is very convex : the only armature of the carapace is (1) a large erect claw-like spine near the posterior border in the middle line, (2) a small lateral epibran- _chial spinule on either side, and (3) two or three granules along the _antero-lateral border in the pterygostomian region. The rostrum is | formed of two straight divergent spines, the length of which is about half that of the carapace proper. The antero-lateral angle of the pro- minent supra-ocular eave is sharp; and that of the basal antennal joint ' is produced to form a spine which is plainly visible from above. ' The legs are more or less fringed with stout club-shaped hairs: the second pair are, as usual, the longest: the dactyli are long and slender, and are recurved, with the posterior margin serrate. The chelipeds are slender, and the fingers meet in the greater part of their extent. Hyastenus seb, White. Seba, Thesaurus, ITI. xviii. 12. Hyastenus sebe, White, P.Z 8., 1847, p.57; and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. XX. 1847, p.61; and ‘Samarang’ Crustacea, p. 11. Hyastenus sebe, A. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus., VIII. 1872, p. 249. Hyastenus sebe, de Man, Archiv. fur Naturgesch., LIII. 1887, p. 228. Hyastenus sebxe, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 56. Hyastenus sebe, Ortmann, Zool. Forsch. Austral. Malay. Archip. Jena, 1894, p. 42. Carapace very elongate-triangular, its surface eroded and sculp- tured, but without distinct tubercles or spines. The rostral spines, which are equal in length to the carapace, are paralled in their proximal half. The chelipeds in the male are equal in length to the carapace plus one-third of the rostrum: their merus is not much stouter than that of the next pair of legs, but the palm is broadened and somewhat an : the fingers, which are hardly more than half the length of 214 Carcinological Fauna of India. | . the palm, are arched, and meet only at the tip. The other legs are ~ slender, the second pair being much longer than the last three pairs and longer than the chelipeds. The Museum possesses @ specimen from Mauritius, which I have included here for the sake of comparison. Hyastenus oryx, A. Milne-Edwards. Hyastenus orye, A. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus., VIII. 1872, p. 250, pl. xiv. fig. 1. Hyastenus oryz, Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc., N S. Wales, Vol. IV. 1879, p. 442 and Cat. Austral. Crast., p. 20. Hyastenus (Chorilia) oryx, Miers, Zool. H. M.S. ‘ Alert,’ pp. 182 and 195, 17 and 522; and ‘Challenger’ Brachyara, p. 58. Hyastenus oryx, de Man, Archiv. fur Naturgesch., LHI. 1887, p. 224, tek Vii. fig. 2 Hyastenus oryz, C. W. S. Aurivillius, Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. XXIII. 1888-89, No. 4, p. 50, pl. iv. fig. 4. Hyastenus oryx, A. O. Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XX. 1890, p. 109. Carapace pyriform, little setose, crisply and rather closely tuber- culated, but without any spines, the tubercles on the gastric regiou being disposed in the form of a cross or anchor. The rostrum consists of two slender horns, which in the male are about half the length of the carapace proper, and strongly resemble the horns of an Oryx in miniature: in the female they are not one-third the length of the carapace, and are nearly parallel. The supra-ocular eave is sharply angled, but not produced, an- teriorly. The basal antennal joint is sharply toothed at the antero- external angle. The chelipeds in the male are as long as the carapace plus two- thirds of the rostru. their merus is slender, but the palms are broadened and inflated; and the fingers, which are from half to two- thirds the length of the palm, are arched, aud meet only at the tip. In the female the chelipeds are considerably shorter than the post- ocular portion of tie carapace, and are rather more slender than the ambulatory legs, the fingers being but little arched, and little separated when clenched. The ambulatory legs are slender, with slender almost smooth actyli: the first pair, which are considerably the longest, are about one-fourth longer than the carapace and rostrum. This, like Hyastenus calvarius, is a small species, an egg-laden female of average size measuring only 14 millim. from the tip of the trum to the posterior border of the carapace. It is a common species at the Andamans, and has also been taken off Ceylon at 34 fathoms, 60 Carcinological Fauna of India. | 215 Hyastenus gracilirostris, Miers. Hyastenus gracilirostris, Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. IV. 1879, p. 12, pl. iv. fig. 7; and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 56. Carapace subpyriform, hardly at all setose, with numerous sharp tubercles and spinules. Specially noticeable are three spinules, longi- tudinally arranged in the middle line, on the gastric region, a strong conical spine on the cardiac region, a sharp tubercle on the posterior margin, and two spines on each of the branchial regions, of which the larger occupies the usual position of the lateral epibranchial spine. The rostrum, which does not vary according to sex, consists of two slender divergent spines, the length of which is about one-third that of the carapace. The post-ocular lobe projects very strongly, and the supra-ocular eave has both the anterior and the posterior angle pro- nounced. The basal antennal joint has a well-marked tubercle or blunt spine at its antero-external angle. The chelipeds in the male are equal in length to the post-rostral portion of the carapace, and have a few small granules on the merus carpus and upper edge of the palm; the merus is slender, but the palm is broadened and is not much longer than the fingers, which are arched and meet only at the tip. In the female the chelipeds are rather shorter than the post-ocular portion of the carapace, are very slender, and have nearly straight fingers. The ambulatory legs are slender, with slender smooth-edged dactyli : the first pair are, as usual, much the longest. This also is a small- species, and egg-laden female of average size being only 10 millim. in length. In the Museum collection are specimens from the Madras coast. Hyastenus tenuicornis, Pocock. Hyastenus tenwicornis, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. 1890, p. 76. Distinguished by the enormous length of the rostral spines, and by the curious form—described below—of the supra-ocular eave and_post- ocular lobe. Carapace subpyriform, somewhat depressed, with the regions well- defined ; its surface with many long scattered sete, and with numerous granules and some large spines. Specially noticeable are five or seven granules, arranged in the form of a cross, on the gastric region ; two huge acuminate tubercles, in the middle line, posteriorly; and three spines on either branchial region, the hindmost and lowermost of which is of great size. The rostrum consists of two slender, exceedingly divergent spines, 61 216 | Carcinological Fawna of India. Dal the length of which in the male is about twice, in the female about once | and a fifth, that of the carapace. ‘Lhe post-ocular lobe is unique is form: it is very prominent, and — has a stout pedicle and a compressed crown, the angles of which are produced. The supra-ocular eave is also unique: it also is very promi- nent, and has its antero-external angle produced forwards and upwards, and its postero-external angle produced backwards towards the post- ocular lobe. The basal antennal joint is deeply grooved longitudinally : its antero-external angle forms a strong spine visible from above, and its outer edge bears two distinct teeth which stretch towards the supra- ocular and post-ocular spines respectively. All the trunk-legs are very slender: the first two pairs have a strong spine on the far end of the upper border of the merus, but this in the last three pairs is represent- ed by asmall tubercle. The chelipeds, evenin the male, are slender throughout, and have long slender fluted palms which are three times the length of the fingers: the latter, though denticulated throughout and but little arched, meet, in the male, only in their distal half. The first pair of ambulatory legs are, as usual, much the longest: in all the dactyli are long and slender, but have the posterior edge sharply serrated. This also is a small species, an egg-laden female of average size measuring orly 17 millim., more than half of which is rostrum. Off Cheduba (Arakan coast) 7 fathoms: off Ceylon 30-34 fathoms. Dr. Henderson (Tr. Linn. Soc., Zool., 1893, p. 344) also includes in the Indian Fauna, but with some doubt, the two following species :— 1. Hyastenus convexus, Miers Zool., H. M. 8S. ‘ Alert,’ p. 196; pl. xviii. fig. B. (N. H. Australia ; Penang.). 2. Hyastenus brockii, de Man, Archiv. fur Naturgesch. LITI., 1887, p. 221, taf. vii. fig. 1. (Amboina). As Dr. Henderson seems to be not quite sure of his identification, and as we have no specimens in the Museum collection, I have not noticed these two species at length. Naxta, Edw., Miers. Nawzia, Milne-Edwards, Hist Nat. Crust. I. 313. Naxia, de Haan, Faun, Japon. Crust., p. 84. Nawia, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol XIV. 1879, p. 658 (et synon. Naxioides, A. M. Hdw. and Podopisa Hilgendorf); and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p- 59. - Carapace subpyriform, moderately convex, rounded behind, and armed with spines or tubercles on the dorsal surface. Spines of the 62 } : / ‘ 217 Carcinological Fauna of India. | rostrum well developed, subcylindrical, parallel or divergent, and bearing on the inner margin, near to the extremity, a small accessory spine or Abdomen (in the male) distinctly seven-jointed; in the Kyes small, supra- spinule. female some of the segments may be coalescent. ocular eave very prominent, its antero-external angle sometimes pro- duced to a spine: post-ocular lobe also very prominent, its edge un- equally bi- or tri-lobed. Antennee with the basal joint enlarged, with a spine or tubercle at the antero-lateral angle, and sometimes with ano- ther on the outer margin ; the flagellum either exposed, or partially :con- cealed in a dorsal view by the rostral spines. Merus of theexternal max- illipeds distally truncated, with the antero-external angle little, if at all, produced, and the antero-internal angleemarginate. Chelipeds (in the male) slender and moderately developed, palm usually somewhat elon- gated, fingers denticulated near the distal extremity, and having between them when closed a small hiatus at the base. Ambulatory legs slender and somewhat elongated, the first pair much the longest, with the joints subcylindrical ; dactyli nearly straight. Key to the Indian species of Naxia. I. Armature of the carapace consisting almost entirely of large ETE IRE 5.6. cttren, dss hi cits ciate aces naernsast SSE RRP tee ice dN « SYSET Us (1. Spines of the rostrum parallel to near the | tip: supra-ocular spine obsolete: meropodites of the trunk-legs without a terminal spine...... WN. hirta. (a. Rostral (i. Spines of the spines widely rostrum con- divergent: no siderably large spines more than on the bran- half the chial or in- “ieeige ae length of the testinal 2. Spines of carapace: regions ...... N. taurus. . A ee the rostrum supra-ocular ao ak ae divergent| spine very; }b. Rostral aie from the large and spines moder- ae »4 base: supra- acute : mero- ately diver- so = ocular spine podites of all gent : several a BEET Uy the trunk- large spines BE saoa me ropo- legs with a on the bran- er Gs, dites of terminal chial regions ae some of the spine: palms and in the a trunk-legs long and middle line of oe withalarge slender. | the carapace N. cerastes. 63 terminal spine. ii. L Spines of the rostrum con- siderably less than half the length of the carapace: supra- ocular spine blunt : meropodites of the last three pairs of trunk- legs unarmed : palms short and inflated eeectors *eeOrenes OCC cee ree ses N. investigatoris. 218 Carcinological Fauna of Tdia. [ Nazxia investigatoris, n. sp. Pl. IV. fig. 3. Distinguished from all other Indian species by the form of the ; male chelipeds, of which the palm, instead of being long and slender, is ~ short and broadly inflated. Carapace subpyriform, with al! the regions well-defined, and the whole surface, from the base of the rostral spines, sharply tubercular. The rostral spines in the male and sometimes in the female are hardly one-third the length of the carapace proper, and are divergent, with the accessory spine in the middle of the distal half: often, but not always, in the female they are less than one-fourth the length of the carapace, are little divergent, and bear the accessory spinule near the tip. The antero-external angle of the prominent supra-ocular eave is surmounted by a blunt spine: the basal antennal joint has a similar spine at its antero-external angle, and another near the middle of its outer border. ; The chelipeds are granular, and their meropodite has a small — spinule at the distal end of its upper border: in the male they are a little longer than the carapace, the palm is short—less than twice the length of the fingers—inflated, and enlarged from behind forwards, and the fingers are strongly arched and meet only at the tip: in the female they are only as long as the post-rostral portion of the carapace, are — slender throughout, and have nearly straight fingers. The 2nd pair © of trunk-legs (lst pair of ambulatory legs) are 2} times the length of the carapace, and have the meropodite armed with a strong spine at the distal end of its upper border, and the dactylus of remarkable length, nearly equal to the propodite: the other legs are much shorter, and have the spine replaced by a small tubercle, their dactylus being of ordinary length. Colours in spirit, pale ochre. Toc. Andamans; and off Ceylon, 34 fathoms. Male. eles Length of carapace and rostrum ... 19 millim. 17 millim. Greatest breadth of carapace ma ¢ 0-5?) 8 LOL Length of chelipeds ... pe a ae 5 14: a Length of 2nd pair of legs... ohh A. ‘5 36)" Nawia hirta, A. Milne-Edwards. Nazioides hirta, A. Milne-Edwards, Ann. Soc. Ert. Fr. (4) V. 1865, p. 148, pl. iv. fig. 1. Podopisa petersii, Hilgendorf, MB. Ak. Berl., 1878, p. 785, taf. i. figs. 1-5. Nawvia petersii, Miers, Zoology of H. M. 8. £ Alert,’ p. 5238. 64 Carcinological Fauna of India. 219 Nawia hirta, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 61. Nawia petersii, de Man, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XXII. 1888, p. 19. Nawzia hirta, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. 1890, p. 79. Nawia hirta, Henderson, Trans Linn. Soc., Zool. (2) V. 18938, p. 345. Carapace pyriform, with the regions well-defined and the surface from the base of the rostral spines unevenly granular and tubercular. From the rough surface there stand out (1) at least two good sized Spines on either branchial region, (2) a sharp unciform tubercle close to the posterior border near the middle line, and (3) a stout nipple- shaped tubercle near the middle of the pterygostomian region. The rostral spines, which in both sexesare close together and parallel in more than half their extent, are from one-third (male) to two- _ sevenths (female) the length of the carapace proper; from the point of origin of the accessory spines, which are situated at the end of the parallel portion, they are elegantly divergent. The prominent supra-ocular eave has the antero-external angle slightly upturned. The basal antennal joint has a stout spine anteri- _ orly, and a coarse tooth in the middle of its outer border. | The chelipeds are smooth, and are slender in both sexes, but most so in the female: in the male they are equal in length to the post- rostral, in the female to the post-ocular portion of the carapace: the palms are slender and sub-cylindrical, and are twice the length | of the fingers, which latter are hardly arched, and are therefore but slightly separated at the base when clenched. All the ambulatory legs are slender and smooth, and the first pair are considerably the longest, being nearly twice the length of the carapace and rostrum, the dactylus not being abnormally elongate. The body and legs are covered witha short fine down, and the colour in spirit is usually mottled reddish and yellow. In the Museum collection are specimens from the Andamans and from Ceylon. Naxia taurus, Pocock. Nawia taurus, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. V. 1890, pp. 77 and 79. Nawia tawrus, Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool. (2) V. 1893, p. 346. Distinguished by the very long and widely divergent rostral spines. : Carapace pyriform, with the regions well-defined, and the surface, from the base of the rostral spines, unevenly granular and tubercular beneath tufts of hair. Among the tubercles three on the gastric region in the middle line, three ina triangle on the intestinal region, and three on either branchial region attract attention. 65 220 Carcinological Fauna of India. The rostral spines, which are considerably more than half the carapace in length, are widely divergent—the distance between their tips being more than three-quarters of their length: the accessory spine is situated not far in front of the middle. The prominent supra-ocular eave has a strong sharp spine, and there is an even stronger and sharper spine at the antero-external angle of the basal antennal joint, as well as a prominent tooth near the middle of the outer border of this joint. The chelipeds are granular: in the male they are equal in length to the carapace plus four-fifths of the rostrum, and, though slender, are considerably stouter than the other legs, especially as to the palm, — which is more than twice the length of the fingers—the fingers being but little curved and therefore but little separated when closed: the — meropodite has a strong sharp spine at the distal end of its upper border. The ambulatory legs are slender: the meropodites of all but the last pair are armed as to the distal end of the upper border with a spine, which is of conspicuous size in the case of the first pair. The first pair are markedly the longest, being nearly twice the length of the carapace measured with the long rostrum, aud have the dactylus © extremely long—nearly equal in length to the propodite. A single male specimen occurs in the collection, having been — dredged off the Andamans in 36 fathoms. Nazia cerastes, Ortmann. Nawia cerastes, Ortmann, in Semon, Zool. Forschungreisen Austral. und Malay. Archipel., Crust., p. 43, taf. iii. fig. 4. This species appears to be very similar to Nawia taurus, with which ap ame ~ — Pr it may, perhaps, even be identical. It differsfrom Nawia tawrus, com- paring specimens of the same size and sex, in the following unimportant particulars :— (1) the rostral spines are less divergent; (2) the cara- pace, in addition to the granules and tubercles, is armed with several large spines, of which three on either branchial region and one on the intestinal region are of conspicuous size, while several in the middle line on the gastric and cardiac regions are hardly smaller. In the collection are a perfect male and female from the Andamans. Nazxia hystrix, Miers. Nawia hystri#, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 60, pl. vi. fig. 4. Nazia hystrix, R. I. Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. 1890, p. 79. Nawia hystrix, Ortmann, Zool. Forsch. in Austral. und Malay. Archipel., Crust., p. 43. 66 Carcinological Fauna of India. 221 Body closely beset with short knobbed hairs, among which longer sete are interspersed. Carapace subpyriform, armed with numerous long sharp spines as follows:—four, arranged in a triangle base forwards, on the gastric region; one on the cardiac, and one (very large) on the intestinal region ; one on either hepatic region; two or three on either pterygo- stomian region; and, finally, on either branchial region three dorsal and three lateral: between these large spines some spinules and sharp granules are interspersed. In the male there is a pair of strong spines on the sternum between the chelipeds; and each abdominal tergum has a strong median spine: in the female five parallel rows of spines are found on the ventral surface, three of which belong to the abdominal terga, and one on either side to the sternum. The rostral spines are short (about one-fifth the length of the carapace in the male, and rather less inthe female), and divergent : the accessory spinule is found on their inner margin near the tip. The basal antennal joimt has a sharp spine at its antero-external angle, and a tooth near the middle of its outer margin. The antero- external angle of the prominent supra-ocular eave is surmounted by a sharp spine. The chelipeds in the female and young male are rather more slender than the other legs, and are a little longer than the carapace and rostrum: the palms are slender and subcylindrical, and are nearly three times as long as the fingers, which are nearly straight and appos- able throughout. The ambulatory legs are slender, and have very long slender dactyli: the first pair, which are much the longest, are nearly three times as long as the carapace and rostrum. In the Museum collection are specimens from the Andaman Sea -down to 40 fathoms. Cuorinipinia, Lockington, Miers. Chorilibinia, Lockington, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Calif., Vol. VII. 1876, p. 69. Chorilibinia, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p. 45; and ‘ Chal- lenger’ Brachyura, p. 45. Chlorolibinia, Haswell, Cat. Austral. Crust., p. 17. Carapace broadly subpyriform, spinose. Rostrum formed of two spines which are coalescent in their basal half. The commencing orbit, which does not afford much concealment to the fully retracted eye, is formed by a little-prominent supra-ocular eave, and a cupped (and isolated) post-ocular tooth. The basal antennal joint is broad, has its antero-external angle more or less produced, and has also a lobe on its 67 222 Carcinological Fauna of India. outer margin, near the base. Merus of the external maxillipeds as broad as the ischium, and with the antero-external angle produced. Chelipeds slender; ambulatory legs very long and slender. Ab- domen of the male consisting of seven distinct segments. Chorilibinia andamanica, n. sp. Plate V. figs. 2, 2a. Distinguished from Chorilibinia gracilipes, Miers (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. IV. 1279, p. 7, pl. iv. fig. 4), (1) by the much less divergent rostral spines ; (2) by the pair of great spines—one pointing forwards, _ the other backwards—on the cardiac region ; (8) by the much slenderer chelipeds. ~Carapace broadly subpyriform, with (1) a median line of tubercles and spines increasing in size from before backwards, four of the spines — namely one on the after limit of the gastric region, two on the cardiac — region, and one near the posterior border—hbeing conspicuously large ; and with (2) on either side a supra-marginal line of spines as follows— _ a tooth at the angle of the buccal frame, a large hepatic spine pointing ~ downwards, and four branchial spines, the last of which directed ob- liquely backwards is much the largest. Besides these large spines there — are numerous, symmetrically disposed, sharp granules. The rostrum, which measured from the anterior border of the orbit is about one-third the length of the carapace proper, ends in two very slightly divergent spines. The eyes are short and thick ; and the orbit is formed by a moder- — ately prominent supra-ocular eave separated by a narrow interval from — a broad isolated post-ocular pocket. The basal antennal joint is moderately broad, and bears two teeth, — one at the antero-lateral angle, the other at the base—the latter inclin-— ing towards the post-ocular pocket. The external maxillipeds completely close the buccal frame, the merus being as broad as the ischium. The chelipeds are not stouter than the legs, and are but little longer than the carapace (rostrum included): the next pair of legs are con- siderably more than three times, and the third pair are about three times, this length ; while the 4th and 5th pairs are very short. The abdominal segments from the third to the sixth inclusive, are coalescent. The sternum between the chelipeds carries a pair of very strong sharp teeth. Loc, Andamans. 68 Carcinological Fauna of India. 223 EeeriA, Leach. Egeria, Leach, Zool. Miscell. Vol. II. p. 39. Egeria, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 290. Egeria, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p. 654; and ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 44. Carapace subpyriform, nearly as broad as long, convex and tuber- culated. The rostrum consists of two vertically compressed spines of no great length, which are fused together in half or more of their extent. The eyes are short. The commencing orbits are formed by a supra-ocular eave and a post-ocular tooth, the interval between this tooth and the supra-ocular eave above, and between it and the basal antennal joint below, being partly closed in each case by a spine. The basal antennal joint is truncate-triangular ; its antero-external angle is produced, and there is a second spine behind the middle of the outer border: the mobile portion of the antenna is visible from above on either side of the rostrum. The merus of the external maxillipeds is as broad as the ischium. Chelipeds in the adult male considerably longer than the carapace and rostrum, and having the palms inflated. Chelipeds in the female very slender throughout, and a little longer than the carapace and rostrum. Ambulatory legs extremely long and slender, the first pair being about six times the length of the carapace and rostrum: the dactylus in all is remarkably long. Abdomen of male seven-jointed: of female five-jointed. Egeria arachnoides (Rumph), Edw. Egeria arachnoides, Rumph, pl. viii. fig. 4; [and Latreille, Encyc. Pl. 281, fig. 1 ;] and Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., I. 291; and Neumann, Syst. Uebers., 1878, p. 19; and Haswell, P. L. S., N. S Wales, IV. 1879, p. 489, and Cat. Austr. Crust., p. 11; and Miers Zool. Alert, pp. 182 and 191, and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 44; and C. W. S. Aurivillius, Kongl. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handl., XXIII. 1888-89, No. 4, p. 44; and Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. etc., VII. 1893, p 48; and J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soe. Zool. (2) V. 1893, p. 343. Cancer longipes, Herbst, Krabben, I. ii. 28], pl. xvi. fig. 93; and Fabricius Syst. Ent. ii. 466. Inachus longipes, Fabr. Suppl., p. 358. Macropus longipes, Latr. Hist. Nat. Crust. VI. 111. Leptopus longipes, Lamk. Hist. An. Sansvert. V. 235; and Desmarest Consid. Crust. p. 159; [and Guérin, Icon. Reg. An. Crust., pl. x. fig. 3}; and Cuvier, Regne An. Crust., pl. xxxiv. fig. 1; and Adamsand White, ‘Samarang’ Crust., p. 7; and Stimp- son, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Philad., 1857, p. 216; and A. O. Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., XX. p. 109; and M. J. Rathbun, P. U. S. N. M., XVI. 1893, p. 95. Egeria indica, Leach, Zool. Miscel. II. pl. lxxiii; and Desmarest, Consid. Crust., p. 157, pl. xxvi. fig. 2; and Milne-Edwards, Hist Nat. Crust. I. 292; and Adams and White, ‘Samarang’ Crust., p. 6; and E. Nauck, Zeits. Wiss. Zool. XXXIV. 1880, p. 41 (gastric teeth). 69 224 Carcinological Fauna of India. -Egeria herbstii, Milne-Edwards, Hist Nat. Crust. I. 292; and Heller, ‘Novara’ Crust., p.4; and Haswell, P. L. S., N. S. Wales, IV. 1879, p. 439, and Cat. Austr. Crust., p. 12. Our large series of perfect specimens fully supports Mr. Miers’ conclusion that all the hitherto described species of Hgeria may be re- garded as identical with the species rather poorly figured in Rumph’s Amboinische Rariteitkamer. Carapace subpyriform, or, rostrum excluded, subcircular, its breadth being equal to its length behind the base of the eye-stalks: the regions are distinctly delimited, and the surface is uneven and armed with some symmetrically disposed spines and spinules of which the six following are very conspicuously large, namely :—in the middle line, one on the cardiac and one on the intestinal region, and, on either side,asub- — hepatic and a lateral epibranchial: besides these there is (1) a con- Spicuous set of spinules arranged in the form of a T on the gastric region — the last in the vertical limb of the T being a distinct spine; and (2) two series of distant spinules on either branchial region. The rostrum varies somewhat: it is always short, and typically, consists of two vertically compressed spines which are fused in rather more than half their extent and have the tips slightly divergent: but sometimes the fusion is more extensive, or the tips are broken, and the rostrum then has the form of an emarginate stump. The supra-ocular — eave is surmounted by a small sharp tooth anteriorly. __ ; The chelipeds in the adult male are more than half again as long as the carapace and rostrum: the merus is a little enlarged distally, and the palm is inflated and distally enlarged: the fingers, which are half the length of the palm, are slightly separated at the base when clenched. The chelipeds in the female are only one-fourth longer than the carapace and rostrum, and are the slenderest of all the trunk-legs. The first pair of ambulatory legs are at least six times the length of the carapace and rostrum, rather more than a third of their extent being formed by the dactylus: the other legs gradually decrease in length to the fourth and last, which are about 23 times the length of the carapace and rostrum. The joints in all are very slender, cylin- drical, and except for a spine atthe distal end of the upper border of — the merus, quite smooth. Conspicuous on the sternum of the male is a pair of large teeth, placed between the front legs. The body and lege are usually covered with an excessively short fine down: the legs are often banded, sometimes very distinctly, with dull red. 70 Careinological Fauna of India. 225 Egeria investigatoris, n. sp. This species closely resembles Hgeria arachnoides, adult males being compared, but differs in the followiug particulars :—(1) the carapace is more nearly circular, owing to the greater convexity of the hepatic and pterygostomian regions; (2) the spines on the carapace, although almost tho same in arrangement, are markedly larger: (3) the sternum has a transverse group of spines on every segment ; (4) every abdom1- nal tergum except the last has a large median spine; (5) the hiatus between the post-ocular tooth and the basal antennal joint is scarcely affected by a small denticle; (6) the chelipeds in the adult male are 23 times the length of the carapace, and have the palm long, very slender, and cylindrical, and the fingers sharply and evenly denticulated all along their apposable edge. The legs are in fragments, but the joints that remain are extremely long and slender. Length of carapace and rostrum we 2445=29 millim. Breadth of carapace os sae 24 i Length of male chelipeds nae larger one still on the posterior border: the antero-lateral border is — armed with four spines, the first bounding the outer edge of the pterygos- tomian canal, the last, which is rather larger than the spine of the | posterior border, standing near the middle of the branchiostegal border : in addition, there is a small spine at the outer angle of the buccal frame, but no spine between this and the basal antennal joint; and there is a i line of extremely faint tubercles, only visible after complete denudation, stretching obliquely on either side from near the front towards the last | | epibranchial spine. | The rostrum, which is hardly longer than the breadth between the eyes, is sharply and deeply bifid at tip. The pterygostomian region is longitudinally grooved. The cheli- | peds (in the young male) are slenderer than the next pair of legs, and | are equal to the length of the carapace between the base of the rostrum and the base of the spine on the posterior border. The second pair of | trunk-legs, which are the longest, are a little less than twice the length | of the carapace and rostrum. Abdomen of the male seven-jointed. In the Museum are specimens.from the mouth of the Hooghly and from the muddy estuarine coasts of Orissa and of Arakan. | 74 | Carcinological Fauna of India, 229 Doclea gracilipes, Stimpson. Doclea gracilipes, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Philad., 1857, p. 216. Doclea sp. De Man, Mergui Crust., Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., XXII. 1888, p. 13. Doclea andersoni, De Man, op. cit., tom. cit., p. 11, pl. i. fig. 1. Carapace discoidal, covered, as are also the legs as far only as the end of their merus or carpus, with a short close fur. Rostrum, measured from the posterior orbital border, sometimes as long as broad and about one-seventh the length of the carapace, some- times twice as long as broad and about one-fourth the length of the carapace ; deeply cleft, the spines sometimes convergent, sometimes al- ~ most in contact throughout, sometimes slightly divergent. Besides a line of four teeth, situated one at the end of the basal antennal joint, one at the angle of the buccal frame, and one behind each of these, the antero-lateral margin is armed with four acute curved claw- like spines, the posterior of which is typically two-fifths to one-third the breadth of the carapace in length, but may sometimes be only one-eighth the breadth of the carapace in length; while the three anterior are ty- pically about one-sixth the breadth of the carapace in length, but may sometimes be merely tubercles. In the middle of the posterior border is a great spine as large as the last spine of the antero-lateral series. In the middle line of the carapace is a series of tubercles and spines which are very variable in size: typically only two are prominent, and these have the form of upstanding spines, one in the gastric region, the other—much larger—in the cardiac region. Both of them, however, may be reduced to tubercles, while in front of them and also between them there may or may not be a line of tubercles. Except for this median line of elevations, the dorsum of the denuded carapace is either smooth, or has only a line of extremely indistinct elevations passing on either side obliquely from near the front towards the great lateral epibranchial spine. The chelipeds in the female are rather shorter than the carapace: in the male they are rather longer than the carapace, and in the adult male have the palms swollen. The 2nd pair of trunk-legs are between three and four times the length of the carapace measured from the base of the rostrum to the base of the great median posterior spine. The two spines on the sternum between the bases of the second pair of legs may be distinct or indistinct. The abdomen consists of seven distinct segments in both sexes. 75 230 Carcinological Fauna of India. In this variable species the constant characters are :— (1) the discoid (7.e., non-globose) carapace, with elevations only down the middle line: (2) the long slender legs of the second pair. (3) the large size of the spine at the external angle of the buccal frame. In the Museum collection are specimens from the Sandheads, R. Hughli; Mergui; Andamans; and also from Hong Kong, whence the species was originally described by Stimpson. : Doclea muricata (Herbst), Edw. Cancer muricatus, Herbst, Krabben, I. ii. 211, tab. xiv. fig. 88; and Fabricius, — Ent. Syst. IT. 459. Inachus muricatus, Fabricius, Supplement, p. 355. [Maia muricata, Bose, I. 255.] Doclea muricata, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 295. Doclea muricata, Adams & White, ‘ Samarang’ Crustacea, p. 8. Doclea muricata, EH. Nauck, Zeits. Wiss. Zool. XXXIV. 1880, p. 38, (gastric ~ teeth). 3: Doclea muricata, C. W. 8. Aurivillius, Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl., XXIII. — 1888-89, No. 4, p. 48, pl. iv. fig. 5. Doclea muricata, A. O. Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., XX. 1890, p. 109. Doclea muricata, Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool. (2) V. 18938, p. 342. Body and legs, except the hands and dactyli, closely covered with crisp very short velvet. 7 Carapace subglobular. Rostrum short, distinctly bifid. Besides — the spine formed by the basal antennal joint, and two denticles at the outer angle of the buccal frame, the antero-lateral margin is armed with four spines, the last of which, situated near the middle of the branchi- ostegal border, is considerably the largest. The carapace is traversed fore and aft in the middle line by a row of sharp spines, the last of which, situated on the posterior border, is considerably the largest. Between the median and lateral rows of spines, on the branchial region on either side, are two large spines, one behind the other, There are thus five series of spines upon the carapace, which is otherwise charac- terized by the distinct delimitation of its regions, and by a sort of fes- tooning of the border between the median and lateral series of regions. The chelipeds are slender throughout in both sexes, and are hardly equal in length to the carapace measured from the base of the rostrum to the base of the posterior spine: the second pair of trunk-legs are rather more than twice the length of the chelipeds. The abdomen consists of seven distinct segments in the male; and of four in the female, the 3rd to the 6th being fused. 76 Carcinological Fauna of India. 231 Of 24 specimens from different parts of India there is not one of great size, nor a single adult female, I believe that this species is only the young form of Doclea hybrida. Doclea hybrida (Fabr.), Edw. Inachus hybridus, Fabricius, Supplement, p. 355. [Maia hybrida, Bosc, I. 256]; and Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust., VI. 99. Doclea hybrida, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust, I, 294. Doclea hybrida, Adams and White, ‘ Samarang’ Crustacea, p. 7. Doclea hybrida, Bleeker, Recherches Crust. Ind. Archipel., p. 9. Doclea hybrida, De Man, Mergui Crust., Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., XXII. 1888, p. 9. Doclea hybrida, Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool. (2) V. 1893, p. 342. ? Doclea hybridoidea, Bleeker, Recherches Crust. Ind. Archipel., p. 8. This species differs from Doclea muricata, only in the following characters, which, I think, are merely due to age :— (1) it is much larger ; (2) the spine of the antero-lateral series is (except in small females) the smallest, and tubercles are found instead of spines on the dorsal surface of the carapace, the tubercles corresponding in number and position with the spines of D. muricata ; (3) the chelipeds inthe adult male are nearly as long as the carapace and rostrum, and have the hands enlarged. As in D. muricata the female abdomen consists of four segments. As Fabricius, loc. cit., says of this species compared with D. muricata, via distinctus videtur. We have 29 good specimens from different parts of India, all being large males and egg-laden females. I think that they can only be the adult stage of Doclea muricata. Doclea tetraptera, A. O. Walker. Doclea tetraptera, A. O. Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XX. 1890, p. 114 pl. vi. figs. 4-8. Body and legs, except the hands and dactyli, covered with a dense stiff fur, so stiff on the trunk-legs as to give their joints, though cylin- drical, a sharply quadrangular or triangular sectional form. The circular form of the carapace is a good deal obscured by the unusual development of the rostrum and of the lateral-epibranchial and postero-median spines. The rostrum is from one-fourth to two-fifths the length of the carapace proper, and ends in two widely divaricated spinules. In addition to the tooth formed by the basal antennal joint, and 77 , 232 Carcinological Fauna of India. to a stout tooth at the angle of the buccal frame, the antero-lateral margin bears four large spines: of these, one, situated on the pterygos- tomian region, is turned downwards to assist in forming a pterygos- tomian canal somewhat similar to that of Doclea canalifera, etc.: of the other three, which are situated on the branchiostegal region, the last is by far the longest and stoutest—being from one-third to half the length of the carapace—and is directed a little backwards and upwards. Down the middle line of the carapace runs a row of spines, increasing in size from before backwards to the last, which, situated on the poste- rior border, consists of two branches, one branch directed vertically upwards, the other directed horizontally backwards, the horizontal branch being often half the length of the carapace proper. On the anterior part of the branchial region, midway between ~ the middle line and the lateral border of the carapace, is a stout spine, visible without any denudation. The chelipeds in the adult male are equal in length to the carapace and rostrum, and have the hands much broadened, inflated, and very elegantly carinated along the lower border, and the fingers evenly den- ticulated but not closely apposable in all their extent. In the female the chelipeds are not much more than half as long as the carapace plus rostrum and posterior spine, and are rather slenderer than the other legs, the fingers also being closely apposable throughout. In young males, of the size figured by Mr. Walker, the enlargement of the hands is much less marked than in old males. The second pair of trunk-legs, which are the longest, are from twice to 23 times the length of the carapace measured from the base of the rostrum to the base of the great postero-median spine. The sternum in the male has a pair of sharp teeth on its first seg- ment. The abdomen in both sexes consists of seven separate joints. Colours in life: duli chocolate, spines white-tipped, chelipeds ivory tinged with pink, legs brownish pink with bright red dactyli. This species, of which we have a very fine old male, two younger males of different sizes, an adult female, and a young female, appears to be extremely close to D. calcitrapa, White (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1847, p. 56; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. XX. 1847, p. 61; and ‘Samarang’ Crustacea, p. 7, pl. i. fig. 2). It appears to differ from D. calcitrapa only in the proportions of the legs, which are slender and very long in the last- named species. | It may be mentioned that the rostrum and great spines of the cara- pace are, judging from the state of two of our specimens, liable to be broken and only very imperfectly repaired again. 7g ~ et eee Sie es \ @. ee Carcinological Fauna of India, 233 - Our specimens all came from the vicinity of the mouth of the River Hooghly. Alliance II. Laissorpa. Hopitopurys, Henderson. Hoplophrys, Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. (2) V. 1898, p. 346. Carapace subovate (elongate pentagonal), with the regions moder- ately defined and the surface spinose. ’ The rostrum is composed of two short, flattened, acute, divergent spines. The commencing orbits are formed by a supra-ocular eave which has its antero-external angle very strongly and acutely produced, and which is in close contact with a slightly excavated post-ocular tooth, only a very narrow fissure being left between: below, there is no trace of an orbital floor. The eyes are short, and even when fully retracted the cornea is hardly at all concealed from dorsal view. The basal antennal joint is very acutely triangular, the spinous termination being distinctly visible from above: the very short slender mobile portion of the antenna is exposed. The antero-external angle of the merus of the external maxillipeds forms a foliaceous lobe: the merus therefore is broader than the ischium; the palp is attached to its internal angle. The trunk-legs are strongly spinose: the chelipeds, even in the adult male, are slender, but still differ from those of the female in having the fingers more arched and closely apposable only in the distal half. The abdomen in the male consists of seven distinct segments; but in the female of only five—the fourth to the sixth being fused together. Hoplophrys oatesii, Henderson. Hoplophrys oatesii, Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool., 1893, p. 347, pl. xxxvi. figs. 1—4. The gastric region of the carapace is prominent, with two curved rows of spiues, the front row (convex anteriorly) consisting of seven spines of which the middle one is the largest, the back row (slightly convex posteriorly) consisting of three spines of which the middle one—the largest of all the spines on the gastric area—is compressed laterally. On the cardiac area, as well as on the gastric area, are two spines placed side by side. On either branchial area are three spines arranged in a triangle, of which the anterior is the largest of all the spines on the carapace, while the most external, which occupies the lateral epibranchial angle, is the most acute and is also unequally bifid. There are also two or three spinules on the hepatic area, Between the 79 234 Carcinological Fauna of India. spines the surface is perfectly smooth and polished, although there are some tufts of stiff clean hairs. The rostrum, which consists of two very acute and slightly diver- gent teeth, is about one-fourth the length of the carapace proper. The supra-ocular eave is produced forwards as a very acute spine, the base of which is surmounted by a secondary spine. The cornea is surmounted by a spinule. The chelipeds have the merus slightly, and the carpus frie spiny, and are equal to the carapace (without the rostrum) in length: — they are almost alike in the adults of both sexes, the fingers only of the male differing from those of the female in being closely apposable only in the distal half, instead of throughout. The ambulatory legs, — which are about equal to the chelipeds and to one another in length, have the merus carpus and propodite spiny, and the dactylus stout, — claw-like, and denticulated on part of the posterior margin. _ In the Museum collection are an adult male and an ege-laden — female taken by myself, off the Ganjam Coast in 15-25 fms., from a — colony of Spongodes. The Spongodes which belongs to a species (I think new) intermediate in character between S. cervicornis and S. pustulosa, W. and §., isone of those with a brilliant white ccenosarc and pink zooids, — so that the crabs with their porcelain-white bodies, pink spines, and — pink-banded legs were with difficulty detected. Dr. Henderson considers the above species to be closely related to Schizophrys and Microphrys, but it appears to me to be much more — closely related to Pisa and Tylocarcinus. TyLocaRcinus, Miers. Tylocarcinus, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p. 664. (Pisa, Latr. part.; Pisa, Hdw. part.; Milnia, Stimpson part.; Microphrys, Edw. part.) Carapace tuberculated, pyriform, without lateral spines. The rostrum consists of two slender slightly divergent spines. The eye-stalks are short and are retractile, but not to such an extent as to completely conceal the cornea. The commencing orbits are formed by a supra-orbital eave, the anterior angle of which is produced forwards as a spine roughly parallel with the rostrum, and of a strongly cupped post-ocular process which, instead of being isolated, is in the closest contact above with the supra-ocular eave and below with the basal antennal joint. The basal antennal joint, which is of no great breadth, has its antero-external angle produced to form a sharp tooth, which is not visible from above: the mobile portion of the antenna, which is short, is completely exposed. 80 Carcinological Fauna of India. 235 The external maxillipeds have the merus as broad as the ischium, and the palp attached to the internal angle of the merus. The chelipeds in the adult male are somewhat stouter than the other legs, have the palm short and enlarged, and the fingers arched and meeting only at tip: inthe female they are slenderer than the other legs, have the palm slender, and the fingers closely apposable through- out. The ambulatory legs are stout, and have the dorsal surface sharply nodose or coarsely spinose. The abdomen in both sexes consists of seven distinct segments. This genus, which appears to me to be but slightly distinct from Pisa (e.g., Pisa corallina), Riss., shows the transition towards Tiarinia in the next group. That it should be grouped with Tiarinia and Macrocoeloma, as it is by Miers (Joc. czt.), I cannot agree, since Tiarinia has complete orbits and an enormously broad basal antennal joint, which Tylocarcinus has not. The type of Tylocarcinus, namely T. styx (Herbst) = Microphrys styx A. Milne-Edwards, is placed by the latter author (Nouv. Archiv. du Mus., VIII. 1872, p. 247) between Picrocerus and Criocarcinus on the one hand and Hyastenus on the other; and this seems to me to be a very natural position. Tylocarcinus styx (Herbst). Cancer styx, Herbst, Krabben, III. iii. 53, pl. viii. fig 6 (“nur klein’’). ~ [Pisa styz, Latr. Encyc., X. 141.] Pisa styx, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 308. Arctopsis styr, Adams and White, ‘Samarang’ Crust, p.10; and A. Milne- Edwards, in Maillard’s L’ile Reunion, Annexe F, p. 6. Milnia styx, Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, Vol. VII. 1862, p. 180. Mierophrys styz, A. Milne-Edwards in Archiv. du Mus. VIII. 1872, p. 247, pl. xi. fig. 4. Tylocarcinus styr, Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1879, Vol. IV. p. 14. Pisa sty, Richters, Mébius, Meeresf. Maurit., p. 141. Tylocarcinus styx, de Man, Notes Leyden Mus., Vol. III. 1881, p. 94; and Archiv. fur Naturges. LIII. 1887, p. 228; and Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. etc. VII. 1893, p. 62; and Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., 1893, p. 349. Carapace subpyriform and covered with rounded tubercles, among which the following are distinct :—two in the inter-orbital space; four in a transverse series on the front part of the gastric region, followed by three in a triangle; one in the groove between the gastric and cardiac regions, and three in a triangle on the latter region; two, side by side, on the intestinal region; and three on the posterior margin. Besides these there are several on either hepatic region, and many on the bran- chial regions. 81 236 Carcinological Fauna of India. The rostrum, which is between one-third and one-fourth the length of the carapace proper, consists of two divergent spines fused together at the base and slightly mcurved towards the tip. The anterior angle of the supra-ocular eave is produced forwards as a sharp spine. The chelipeds in the adult male are equal to the length of the carapace behind the bifurcation of the rostral spines: they are hardly stouter than the other legs, except as to the palm, which is short and inflated : the fingers, which are three-fourths the length of the palm, are strongly arched, and meet only at the tip. In the female the chelipeds are not quite as long as the post-orbital portion of the carapace, are slenderer than the other legs, and have the palm slender and the fingers closely apposable throughout. The ambulatory legs are short and stout: the first pair, which are considerably the longest, are rather longer than the carapace and ros- trum: the merus and carpus in all are nodose on the dorsal surface, and the dactyli are strong and claw-like: always in the first pair, and sometimes in the succeeding pairs, the merus has a row of coarse spines along its front margin, and the carpus a single stout spine. Herbst’s figure is either a young male, or, more probably, a female. The figure given by A. Milne-Edwards (Joc. cit.) is very correct; but I do not see how Miers, who cites this figure with affirmation, can call the chelipeds in the male slender: they are, like the other legs, stout, and the hands are distinctly massive. ; In the Museum collection are specimens from Ceylon, from the Andamans, and from Mergui; as well as an adult male and female from Samoa obtained from the Museum Godeffroy. 77 | Sub-family IV. MAIIN Al. Eyes either (1) with orbits, which are either incomplete or com- — plete, but are always complete enough to entirely conceal the cornea, when fully retracted, from dorsal view; or (2) but partially protected by a huge horn-like or antler-like supra-ocular spine, or by a largg jagged post-ocular tooth, or by both. The orbit in the first case is formed in one of two ways: there is always an arched supra-ocular eave, and a prominent post-ocular spine ; and either the interval between the eave and the spine is filled by an intermediate spine which completes the orbital roof; or the supra- ocular eave and the post-ocular process are in close contact with one ~ another, and with a process of the basal antennal joint below, so as to more or less complete the floor also of the orbit. The basal antennal joint is always very broad, and either has its outer angle produced to aid in forming the floor of the orbit, or is armed — distally with one or two large spines. 82 ns ie ae ery — oe Carcinological Fauna of India. 237 The external maxillipeds have the merus as wide as or much wider than the ischium, and the palp inserted at the antero-internal angle of the merus. The rostrum is formed of two spines, which may be horizontal, The ambulatory legs are of no great length. Alliance 1. MAro1p- A.—C arapace either regularly pyriform or sub- circular: rostral spines horizontal: orbits incomplete below ; but fairly well roofed in above (1) by asu- pra-ocular eave, which has at least its postero-exter- nal angle pro- duced, (2) by a post-ocular spine, and (3) by a spine intercalated between (1) and (2). Key to the Indian genera. eave and interme- diate spine very prominent: eye- stalks slender and curved, with the cornea and occupying a position more ven- tral than terminal. | ee 4 2. Supra-ocular eave and interme- diate spine dis- tinct, but not very prominent: eye- stalks stout, with4 rounded cornez which occupy a position as much terminal as ven- elongate | i (1. Supra-ocular (i. The antennulary flagellum springs, or appears to spring, from with- in the Orbib..s..0... The antennulary flagellum arises quite clear of the OF Diteeweees ae nennee Carapace pyri- form: rostral spinesof consider- able length, and with one or more accessory spines on the outer sur- TACO ve woecccsansaneat ii, Carapace subcir- cular: rostral spines simple, and so short as to tral. L —Carapace pyriform, often broadened anteriorly: the orbits either have the form of long semitubular antlers which sheathe the eye-stalk, but do not protect the eye, the cornea in retraction being protected by the base of an extremely long and promi-4 nent, isolated, post-ocular horn; or are reduced to the form of long outstanding horns similar to those of the rostrum : eye-stalks extreme- ly long: the external maxilli- peds have the external angle much produced : the rostrum consists of two long horns. | 83 hardly break the general outline of the carapace....... Alliance 2. StEeNnocionoporpA. (1. Orbits in the form of huge semi-tubular antlers followed by a long isolated post-ocular tooth: rostrum vertically deflexed : buccal frame much broader in front than behind. 2. Orbits in the form of long outstanding horns similar to those of the rostrum, which is not deflexed, buccal frame Quadranguolar vii scecsscansceternes semi-deflexed, or completely deflexed; in the last case the spines are usually more or less fused together. Matra. PARAMITHRAX. [CHLORINOIDES. | ScHIZOPHRYS. CYCLAX. CRIOCARCINUS. STENOCIONOPS, 238 Alliance 3. PERICER- oIpA.— Carapace- Carcinological Fauna of India. (1. Carapace oblong: rostrum broadly la- minar, vertically or nearly vertically usually broadened deflexed : orbits complete, but shallow.. MUICIPPA. anteriorly by the outstanding or-| 2. Carapace subcylindrical, the rostrum bits: the orbits along with the front part of the gastric are either nearly region vertically deflexed...... .....s00 ... OYXPHOCARCINUS. or quite complete above and below, being formed by + 3. Carapace more or [i. Rostral spines di- a strongly-arched | less pyriform: ros- vergent.. ........... MACROCOELOMA. supra-ocular eave | tralspines distinct. in close contact | from the base, ho- with an excavated | rizontal or slightly post-ocular lobe,| deflexed: orbits in \ ii. Rostral spines a process of the| the_form of out- parallel and close- basalantiennal| standing [tubes ly approximated joint filling in the | which, completely throughout their floor below. Kc ensheathe the eyes. | extent............. TIARINIA, Alliance I. Matorpa. Mara (Lamk.) Edw. [ Maia, Lamarck, Syst. Anim. sans verteb. V. 154 (partim). } Maia, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. VI. 87 (partim). Maia, Desmarest, Consid. Gen. Crust., p. 143. Maia, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., I. 325. Maia, Miers, Journ. Linn, Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p. 655. ; Carapace pyriform, with the regions indistinct, the surface closely granular or spinular, and the lateral borders usually armed with large — spines. The rostrum consists of two rather short, straight, divergent spines. The basal joint of the antenne is broad, and has both the antero- external and antero-internal angle produced to form spines: the mobile portion of the antenna, which appears to spring from within the orbit, is completely exposed. The eye-stalks are long and curved, and bear the cornea chiefly on their ventral surface. The orbit is formed by a prominent supra-ocular eave which has its postero-external angle produced, by a sharp post-ocular spine, and by another spine between these two: the eyes are completely concealed from dorsal view when retracted. The external maxillipeds have the merus as broad as the ischium, the palp being attached to the antero-internal angle of the merus. The chelipeds are slender, with cylindrical joints and styliform fingers. The ambulatory legs decrease very gradually in length: the first pair are not much longer than the carapace and rostrum: the dac- tyli of all are styliform. The abdomen in both sexes consists of seven distinct segments, 84 ’ 3 ) ey OCarcinological Fauna of India. 239 Maia spinigera, de H. Maia spinigera, de Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust., p. 98, pl. xxiv. fig. 4. Maia spinigera, Adams and White, ‘ Samarane’ Crustacea, p. 15. Maia spinigera, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped. Crust., pt I. p. 85. Maia spinigera, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. &c., VII. 1893, p. 51. Carapace armed with long spines along the antero-lateral borders, down the median line, and in an oblique series on either branchial region joining the median to the antero-lateral series. Hxcluding the pre-ocular and post-ocular spines and the spines between them, there are four large spines on the antero-lateral border: and there are three large spines in an oblique series on either branchial region. In the middle line of the carapace there are in the gastric region two spines, in the anterior cardiac one, in the post-cardiac one, in the intestinal one, and on the posterior border a pair. Between these large spines the sur- face of the carapace is sharply, finely, and evenly granular. The rostrum consists of two moderately divergent spines, the length of which is about one-fourth that of the carapace. The chelipeds are smooth and very slender, and are rather shorter than the 2nd pair of trunk-legs: the latter, which are the longest of all, are about one-sixth longer than the carapace and rostrum. The merus of all the ambulatory legs has a strong spine at the distal end of its upper border: all the joints of all the ambulatory legs are covered with long hairs. In the Museum collection is a single specimen from the coast of Beluchistan. Maia gibba, n. sp. Plate IV. fig. 5. Very near Maza miersit, Walker (J. L. S., Zool., Vol. XX. 1890, p. 113, pl. vi. figs. 1-3. Distinguished (1) by the globose inflation of the posterior (branchi- ostegal) part of the closely and crisply tubercular carapace, and by the corresponding declivity of the anterior part, giving the animal a hunch- backed appearance; (2) by the absence of large marginal spines on the carapace. Carapace remarkably swollen in its posterior part, where its greatest breadth is from about three-fourths (&@) to Sseven-eighths (2) its extreme length with the rostrum; and closely covered with sharp piliferous tubercles, which, in the male, but hardly in the female, become spinular in the middle line and along the lateral borders, The rostrum, which, like the anterior part of the carapace, is some- what declivous, ends in two acute divergent hairy spines, which in the 85 240 Carcinological Fauna of India. male are about one-sixth, in the female about one-eighth, the rest of the carapace in length. The eyes and orbits are just as in MV. sguinado (with specimens of which this species has been compared), only the cornea is relatively very much larger, and almost entirely ventral, in the present species, and the spine between the spine of the pre-orbital- hood and the post-orbital spine is nearly as large as either of these. The antenne are in all respects as in M. squinado, except that the basal joint is slightly narrower. The appendages are just as in M, sguinado—the legs being short and hairy and the chelipeds smooth and polished—with the single difference that the chelipeds are only as long as, and are much slender- er than the fifth pair of legs, and are therefore very much shorter than the second pair, which hardly exceed the carapace and rostrum in length. Male. Female. Length of carapace nit .» 932 millim. 41 millim, Greatest breadth of carapace ae oe ees oo ee Length of chelipeds “oe gy ee OL: . , znd pair of trunk-limbs ... 33°5 ,, 46, Loc. Andaman Sea, 250 fms. PaRAMITHRAX, Edw. Paramithraz, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 323. Paramithraz (Paramithrae et Leptomithraz), Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, pp. 655 and 656. Acanthophrys (partim), A. Milne-Edwards, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (4) V. 1865. p. 140. Chlorinoides, Haswell infra; and Miers infra. Sub-genus CHLoRINOIDES, Haswell. Chlorinoides, Haswell, P. L. S., N.S. Wales, Vol. IV. 1879, p. 442; and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol V. 1880, p. 146; and Cat. Austral. Crust., p. 17. Chlorinoides, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 51. Carapace pyriform, convex, with the regions indistinct; armed with some very large acute spines. The rostrum consists of two long slender divergent horns. The basal antennal joint is just as in Maza, but the mobile portion of the antenna has no connexion with the orbit. The eyes and orbits are asin Maza, but the supra-ocular hood has its anterior angle as well as its posterior angle produced into a spine. ’ The external maxillipeds are as in Maia, as are also the ambulatory 86 Carcinological Fauna of India. 3 241 legs. The chelipeds however differ, at any rate in the male, in which sex they are stouter than any of the other legs, have the palms enlarged, and the fingers arched and meeting only at the tips, which are not excavated. The abdomen in both sexes consists of seven distinct segments. As Miers has pointed out (‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 52), Chlorinoides may be regarded as a sub-genus of Paramithraz, and 1s also closely connected with Acanthophrys aculeatus A. Milne-Edwards (Ann. Soc. Ent. Frane. (4) V. 1865, p. 140, pl. iv. fig. 4). According to Miers, with whom I entirely agree, if Acanthophrys aculeatus is the type of the genus Acanthophrys, then Chlorinoides is synonymous with Acanthophrys. Paramithrax (Chlorinoides) aculeatus, (Edw). Chorinus aculeata, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 316. Chorinus aculeatus, Adams and White ‘Samarang,’ Crust., p. 13. Paramithrat (Chlorinoides) aculeatus, var. armatus, Miers, Zool. H. M. S. ‘ Alert,’ pp. 182 & 198, pl. xviii. fig. A. Chlorinoides aculeatus, Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 53. Chorinus aculeatus,C. W.S. Aurivillius, Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl., Bd. meetit. No. 4, p. 38, pl. ii. fig-7. Chlorinoides aculeatus, Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., 1893, p. 345. Carapace pyriform, convex, smooth, armed with five huge thorn- like spines down the middle line, and with two even larger spines on the branchial region: there are also, on either pterygostomian region, two oblique crests, the anterior with three or four teeth—two of which are visible in a dorsal view — the posterior with one or two. The rostrum consists of two large divergent horns, the length of which is considerably more than half that of the carapace proper. The orbit consists of a supra-ocular hood, the angles of which (especially the anterior) are strongly produced, of a bilobed post-ocular tooth, and of along spine filling the interval between the two, just as in Maia spinigera. The basal antennal joint, as in most of the forms included in this group, has a strong spine at its antero-external, and another at its antero-internal angle. The chelipeds in the female are slender, and are only equal to the post-rostral portion of the carapace in length: as in the male, the merus has its crest-like upper and lower edges sharply scallopped and the carp- us is cristate above. In the male the chelipeds are stouter than the other legs, especially as to the palm, which is considerably enlarged. The ambulatory legs decrease gradually in length from the Ist pair, which are equal in length to the carapace plus two-thirds of the rostrum : the merus in the first two pairs has a very strong spine at the 87 242 Carcinological Fauna of India. distal end of its upper border; but this in the case of the last two pairs — is often reduced to a tubercle. The body and legs in this species are somewhat hairy and are more or less encrusted with sponges, zoophytes, polyzoa, ete. In the Museum collection are specimens from the Arakan Coast, Mergui, and Ceylon. Paramithrax (Chlorinoides) longispinus (de Haan). Maja (Chorinus) longispina, de Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust., p. 94, pl. xxiii. fig. 2. Chorinus longispina, Adams and White, ‘ Samarang’ Crust., p. 12. Paramithrazx (Chlorinoides) longispinus, Miers, Zoology H. M.S. ‘ Alert,’ pp. 517 and 522. Chlorinoides longispinus, Miers, ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 53. Chlorinoides longispinus, A. Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., etc., VII. 1893, p. 53. This spceies differs from P. aculeatus in the following constant characters :— . (1) it is a much smaller species ; (2) all the spines, including the rostral spines, are elegantly knobbed at tip ; (3) in the median line of spines the third—the one on the cardiac region—is cleft transversely into two from the base ; (4) the two oblique dentate ridges on the pterygostomian region are present, but the outermost tooth on the front ridge is produced to form a long spine ; (5) the spine at the anterior angle of the supra-ocular hood is similar in size, form, and direction to the other large spines of the carapace ; (6) the rostral spines are less than half the length of the cara- pace ; (7) the antero-external angle of the basal antennal joint is pro- duced to form, not a spine, but an elegantly curved folia- ceous lobe ; (8) the meropodites of all the ambulatory legs have the terminal spine distinct and knobbed at the tip. This species commonly encrusts itself with a very regular plate- armour of Orbitolites and rounded fragments of Nullipore, ete. In the Museum collection are good series from off Ceylon 33-34 fathoms, from the Andaman Sea down to 41 fathoms, and from the Madras Coast. 88 : i ; ; 4 pone Carcinological Fauna of Trdia. 243 Scuizopurys, White. Schizophrys, White, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. II. 1848, p. 282. Schizophrys, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p. 660 (et synon.) ; and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 66. Dione, de Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust., p. 82. Carapace broadly pyriform, with the surface granular and the later- al margins strongly spinate. The rostrum consists of two short stout slightly incurved spines, the outer border of which carries one or two accessory spines. The orbit is formed by a little-prominent supra-ocular eave, and a sharply bilobed post-ocular tooth, with a broad spine in the interval between the two: the eye-stalks are stout and the cornea ter- minal, not ventral, in position. The basal antennal joint is somewhat narrowed anteriorly, and ends in two sharp spines—as in the genera immediately preceding: the mobile portion of the antenna is freely ex- posed. Iu the external maxillipeds the merus is rather broader than the ischium, and the palp is attached to the antero-internal angle of the merus. The Beelipeds have the merus and carpus granular or spiny; the palm long, smooth and slender; and the fingers longitudinally channel- led in their distal half—this being specially marked in the adult male, in which also the chelipeds are longer and stouter than the other legs. The ambulatory legs are stout, have cylindrical joints, and decrease gradually in length. The abdomen in both sexes consists of seven distinct segments. Schizophrys aspera, (Edw.) Mithrazx asper, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., I. 320; and Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust., pt. I. p. 97, pl. ii. figs. 4 a-b. Schizophrys aspera, A. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Archiy. du Mus. VIII. 1872, p. 231, pl. x. fig. 1; and Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc., N. S. Wales, Vol. IV. 1879, p. 447; and Cat. Austr. Crust., p. 22; and Miers, Zool. H.M.S. ‘Alert,’ pp. 182 and 197, and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p.67; and De Man, Archiv. fur Naturgesch., LIII. 1887, p. 226, and Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XXII. 1888, p. 20; and C. W.S. Aurivillius, Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad., Handl. XXIII. 1888-89, No. 4, p. 51; [and Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat., Napol., III. 1889, p. 179]; and A. O. Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XX. 1890, pp. 109 and 113; and Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., etc., VII. 1893, p.57; and J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 316; and Mary J. Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XVI. 1893, p. 91. Schizophrys serratus, White, P. Z. S., 1847, p. 223, fig.; and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol II. 1848, p. 283, fig.; and Adams and White, ‘Samarang ’ Crust., p. 16. Schizophrys spiniger, White, ll. cit.; and Adams and White loc. cit.; and ? Kossmann, Reise Roth. Meer., Crust., p. 15. Maja (Dione) afinis, de Haan Faun. Japon. Crust., p. 94, pl. xxii. fig. 4; and Adams and White, ‘Samarang’ Crust., p. 15; and Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Philad., 1857, p. 218. 89 244: Carcinological Fauna of India. Mithrax spinifrons, A. Milne-Edwards, Ann. Soc. Ent., France, (4) VII. 1867, © p. 263. Mithraz afinis, F. de B. Capello, Jorn. Sci., Lisb., 1870-71, p. 264, pl. ii. figs. 4, 4a. Mithrax (Schizophrys) affinis, triangularis (et varr. excipe var. dichotoma) Kossmann, Reise Roth. Meer., Crust., pp. ll and 18; and Schizophrys triangularis var. indiea, Richters, Mobius, Meeresf. Maurit., p. 143, pl. xv. figs. 8-14. Carapace pyriform, its greatest breadth about ,% its length behind the point of bifurcation of the rostral spines, its surface closely and unevenly granular, with scattered sharp tubercles in addition. Exclu- sive of the large unequally-bifid post-ocular spine, the antero-lateral border is armed with six equidistant spines, the last of which is the smallest and is situated on a rather higher level than the others: the posterior border proper is generally beaded, and has its angles pro- duced and upturned. The rostrum consists of two stout parallel or incurved spines, the length of which is from one-fifth to one-sixth that of the carapace pro- per, and the outer border of each of which carries a strong accessory spine. The basal antennal joint ends in two stout spines, and there is a spine on the sub-hepatic region outside the angle of the buccal frame, and a sharp denticle in the middle of the inferior border of the orbit. The chelipeds vary : in both sexes the palm is long — twice the length of the fingers—smooth, polished, and either quite unarmed, or armed, at the near end of the upper border, with a spine or with two or three denticles ; and in both sexes the merus and carpus are either spiny or granular. But whereas in old males the chelipeds are stouter than any of other legs, are more than half again as long as the carapace and rostrum and nearly half again as long as the 2nd pair of legs, and have deeply channelled fingers that meet in less than their distal half ; in females and young males they are not stouter than the other legs, are not quite equal in length to the carapace and rostrum or to the second pair of legs, and have the fingers less deeply channelled, and apposable in at least half their extent. The ambulatory legs decrease very gradually in length: they have short claw-like dactyli, and the merus is armed at the far end of the upper border with a spine or tubercle. The body and legs are hairy, and the animal frequently protects itself with flat pieces of Nullipore, &e. In the collection is a large series of specimens from all parts of the Indian coast, from Mergui and Tavoy on the East to Karachi on the West. | 90 Carcinological Fauna of India. 245 Schizophrys dama, (Herbst.) Cancer dama, Herbst, Krabben, III. iv. p. 5, tab. lix. fig. 5. Mithrae dama, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., I. 319. Mithrax (Schizophrys) dama, Kossmann, Reise Roth. Meer., Crust., pp. 11 and 13. This species differs constantly from Schizophrys aspera in the follow- ing particulars :— (1) the carapace is much more elongate, its greatest breadth being only about ¢ its length behind the point of -bifurca- tion of the rostral spines ; (2) the rostrum is rather longer, and has two accessory spines on its outer border ; (3) there is no (ventral) spine on the sub-hepatic region ; (4) the surface of the carapace is more closely and evenly, but more bluntly, granular. The specimens in the Museum collection come from the Straits of Malacca. Crciax, Dana. Cyclaz, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp., Crust., pt. I. p. 99. Cyclomaia, Stimpson, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, Vol. XXIX. 1860, p. 133; and A. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus., VIII. 1872, p. 235 (et synon.) Cyclaz (Cyclax and Cyclomaia), Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XLV. 1879, p. 660. This genus differs from Schizophrys, from which, perhaps, it ought not to be separated, only in the form of the carapace, and in the de- gradation and shortening of the rostrum, with which is correlated a shortening and broadening of the basal antennal joint. (In one species the legs are slender). The carapace is subcircular; the rostrum — obsolescent and bifid; the basal antennal joint very short and broad, and armed with a third spine—a very small one, situated on the outer margin. Cyclax (Cyclomaia) suborbicularis, (Stimpson). Mithraz suborbicularis, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Philad., 1857, p. 218. Cyciax spinicinctus, Heller, Crust. Roth. Meer, in SB. Ak., Wien, XLIIL. i. 1861, p. 304, tab. i. figs. 7-8: and Richters, in Mébius, Meeresfauna Maurit., p 144. Cyclomaia margaritata, A. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus., VILI. 1872, p. 236, pl. x. figs. 2-3; and Haswell, P. L.S.,N.S. Wales, Vol. 1V. 1879, fp. 441, and Cat. Austral. Crust., p. 21. Cyclomaia suborbicularis, Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb., Syst., etc., VII. 1893, p. 58. [Cyclomaia margaritata, F. Muller, Verh. Ges., Basel, VIII. p. 473.] Carapace subcircular, its surface closely beaded, with some larger spinules regularly interspersed: the lateral margin is armed with six 91 246 Carcinological Fauna of India. large spines (exclusive of the large curved unequally-bifid post-ocular — spine) the first of which is often bifid: close to the posterior margin, in the middle line, is a pair of smaller spines. The rostrum consists of two triangular teeth, which although © broader are not longer than the spines of the lateral margin. The eyes are of moderate length and are retractile into orbits formed, as in Schizophrys, Maia, etc., of a supra-ocular eave, a large © post-ocular spine, with another spine in the interval between the two: — the supra-ocular eave has its angles slightly produced and spiniform. The broad short basal antennal joint ends in two stout teeth, and — has a third denticle on its outer margin. The chelipeds in the female and young male are slightly more Slender than the other legs, and are as long as the carapace or as the 2nd pair of trunk-legs minus the dactylus: they have a long slender smooth ~ palm, nearly twice the length of the fingers. The ambulatory legs are hairy, have short claw-like dactyl, and decrease gradually in length. In the Museum collection are specimens from the Madras coast and from the Andamans. ; Alliance II. Srenocionopoipa. Criocarcinus, Edw. Criocarcinus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., I. 331. Criocarcinus, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XVI. 1879, p. 661. Carapace shaped and armed much as in Chlorinoides, but with the hepatic regions concave as in Micippe. The rostrum consists of two — curved almost vertically deflexed spines, which are fused together in their basal half. The eye-stalks are slender and of extreme length. The orbit is formed of a semi-tubular branching supra-ocular hood which encloses the eye-stalk, and of a long slender post-ocular spine, against the base of which the eye is retractile: the supra-ocular hoods have the appearance of a pair of antlers. The basal antennal joint is broad, and has a strong spine at either anterior angle: the mobile portion of the antenna is freely exposed. The buccal frame is narrow behind and broad in front, as in Micippe; and the merus of the external maxillipeds is broader than the ischium, and carries the palp at its deeply-notched internal angle. The chelipeds are shorter, and in the male somewhat stouter but in the female somewhat slenderer, than the other trunk-legs, which again are of no great length and decrease gradually from the 2nd pair. The abdomen consists of seven distinct segments in the male, of five in the female. 92 Carcinological Fauna of India. 247 Criocarcinus superciliosus (Herbst), Guérin, Edw. Seba, III. xviii. 11: Linneus, Syst. Nat., I. 2, 1047, No. 45. Cancer superciliosus, Herbst, Krabben, I. ii. 227, tab. xiv. fig. 89. Criocarcinus superciliosus, Guérin, Voy. Coquille, Zool., Vol. II. Crust., p. 19. Criocarcinus superciliosus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., I. 332. Criocarcinus swperciliosus, A. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus., VIII. 1872, p. 242, pl. xi'. fig. 3. Criocareinus superciliosus, Kossmann, Reise Roth. Meer., Crust., p. 10, tab. iii. fig. 6 (vide synon). Carapace pyriform, broadened anteriorly by the antler-like ‘ orhits,” with the hepatic regions sunken, and the other regions fairly distinct: in addition to numerous pearly tubercles, which are tufted with curly bristles, the carapace is armed with several large knob-tipped spines, namely two in the middle line on the gastric region, one in the middle line on the posterior border, one on either side near the boundary of the hepatic and branchial regions, and one, directed obliquely back- wards, near the middle of either branchial region. The rostrum consists of two vertically deflexed spines, the bases of which are broadened and fused together, and the points of which are divergent and elegantly curved. The eyes and orbits have already been described in a general way : the long semi-tubular supra-ocular hood ends in three diverging tines, and the long post-ocular spine has its anterior border armed with two or three denticles. The external maxillipeds have the outer edge thin and sharp, the outer edge of the ischium being emarginate, and tbe outer angle of the merus being produced. The chelipeds are shorter than the other trunk-legs, and are about as long as the carapace behind the level of the post-ocular spine. In the male they are slightly stouter than the other legs, and have the palm a little swollen: in the female they are slenderer than the other legs, and have the palm slender and a little tapering. Of the ambulatory legs, which are hairy, the first two pairs are slightly the longest, both being rather less than one-third longer than the post-rostral portion of the carapace: the last two pairs are not much shorter. In the Museum collection are specimens from the Andaman Islands. Srenocronops, Latr. [Stenocionops, Latreille, R. A., (2) IV. 59.] Stenocionops, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., I. 337. “Carapace narrow, uneven, and armed posteriorly with a large triangular prolongation which covers the base of the abdomen. ‘The 93 248 Carcinological Fauna of India. rostrum is formed of two styliform divergent horns. The supra-ocular border is armed with a horn similar to those of the rostrum, but directed more obliquely. The eye-stalks are slender, immobile and extremely salient; their length is half the greatest breadth of the body. The first joint of the antenne is much longer than broad, the second is slender and is inserted beneath the rostrum. : The epistome is nearly square, and the external maxillipeds have the merus extremely dilated at the antero-external angle, and exca- vated at the antero-internal angle. The trunk-legs, in the female, are slender and cylindrical: those of the first pair (chelipeds) are hardly stouter and are much shorter than the second, which latter are a little longer than the carapace and rostrum: the others diminish very gradually in length: all the ambulatory legs have sharp, recurved dactyli. The abdomen of the female consists of five segments, the Ath, 5th and 6th segments being fused together.’ (Hdw.) Stenocionops cervicornis (Herbst). Cancer cervicornis, Herbst, Krabben, III. iii. 49, pl. lviii. fig. 2. [ Stenocionops cervicornis, Guérin, Icon. Regne An., Crust., pl. 8 bis, fig. 3]. Stenocionops cervicornis, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., I. 338. Stenocionops cervicornis, Cuvier, Regne Animal, Crust., pl. xa, igo Stenocionops cervicornis, and ? curvirostris, A. Milne-Edwards, Ann. Soc. Ent., France, (4) V. 1865, p. 135 (pl. v. figs. 1-le.) . Stenocionops cervicornis, EH. Martens, Verh. zool. bot. Ges., Wien, XVI. 1866, p. 379. [ Stenocionops cervicornis, Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat., Napol., III. 1889, p. 177.] Stenocionops cervicornis, Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., 1893, p. 3438. ““Carapace uneven and tuberculated: rostral and supra-ocular horns slender, very long, and nearly co-equal: two large conical ele- vations on the sides of either hepatic region: antenne shorter than the rostrum: chele finely toothed and a little incurved: legs smooth.” (Edw. ) Alliance IJI. PrRIcEROIDA. Mictppa, Leach. Micippa, Leach, Zool. Miscell., III. p. 16. Nicippe, Desmarest, Consid. Gen. Crust., p. 148. Micippe, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., I. 329. Micippa, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p. 661; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. XV. 1885, p. 8; and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 69. Carapace nearly oblong, depressed, rounded behind, broadened anteriorly, and ending at a broad, lamellar, more or less vertically 94 Carcinological Fauna of India. 249 deflexed rostrum, the tip of which is cleft or emarginate. The eye- stalks are long, and the cornez, which are rather ventral than terminal in position, can be completely retracted from dorsal and usually also from ventral view. The orbit is formed by a sharply-arched supra-ocular eave, which is in contact either with an excavated post-ocular spine or with an intercalated spine as in Maia, and is partly or entirely com- pleted below and in front by a process of the broad basal antennal joint. The mobile portion of the antenna is completely exposed. The buccal frame is broadened in front: the merus of the external maxillipeds is broader than the ischium, and has its external angle expanded and its internal angle notched for the insertion of the palp. The chelipeds in the adult male are as long as or a little longer than the carapace, are a little stouter than the other legs, and have the palm broader than the other joints, and the fingers arched to meet only at the tip. The chelipeds in the female are slenderer than the other legs, are about the same length as the carapace, and have slender palms and almost straight fingers. The ambulatory legs are moderately elongate, subcylindrical, and have the dactyli not much or not at all shorter than the propodites. Abdomen, in both sexes, seven-jointed. Key to the Indian species of Micippa. I. Rostrum very broad, ending in four sharp lobes or spines (i.e , each lobe of the rostrum bilobed)....................... ML. philyra. II. Rostrum moderately broad, ending in two long sharp lobes or spines (i.e., each lobe of the rostrum simple), not PREM GN acco caesjrince™ ses