405 eae silat is > ats 1 4 es SR raspewe) ski? ny ety Shetty woe i EA bid CORR NR AMCs SS aR N: * hy 4 ; } Wea thet OES EN OY . , ata PUAN TAN SRE IY Ne URETENC MIEY SA a A Vt MON MES rtn LY py tale Keane cs , DN earn fy Kaen balite TOE ers eng Pet hy ae? PTs cate ty NY # Venn Bi , ticket i ; Hara) ry eat tr AF ats apap LAVites eared ceo tate! is <3 ta UT TS RUG CC ELAR ae i Ty Sedat aoa atta fsb SAy tae NAR ed ORM EIE is me ‘ ney ey oui ie At a Pit Sh eat Mt Beads Sy % H We rar Vb teint Rh ts tase i is BA Se AVienaies a hi if AEH C4) r ) yen uf ; batty pee pin? i Nene a ite Rae Aish AS ICR i! ya yt. gs P f Sy A AM Ae, é Raw ¥ Biber a: nay ASHE UL AN ‘ aS ai ANG ho ey Fy ae WEtEsiaALS FOR A eS Fora OF THE ~} Matava -PENinsuus Part | Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula by H. N. RIDLEY, M.A., F.R.S.; F-L.S., F.R.H.S. Director of Botanic Gardens, Singapore, SiS. [BoA 2g Mel & Singapore : -Printed at the Methodist Pubtishing House. 1907 4th Af ; F ~~, HUMES ed iat i! ty Pee Ele E — cb ARS eine tace i‘ ? gs vue \ \ Me Pe Ot ey Ey a i 3 a Us, ER A e% HYDRILEA, She 6. -Rich: Submerged stem elongate branched leafy. Leaves short in whorls of 3 or 4, or lower ones opposite. Flowers unisexual, solitary in axillary spathes. Male shortly pedicelled. Sepals ovate, petals narrower. Stamens three, anthers ovate two-celled. Female sessile, spathe tubular. Perianth as in the male but segments narrower. Ovary enclosed in the spathe except the long beak. Styles 3 rarely 2 linear. Fruit narrow, seeds oblong. A single species occurring in Tropical Africa, Mascarene Islands, Asia and Australia. HYDRILLA VERTICILLATA, Presl. Bot. Bemerk. 112. Stem 6 inches to a foot long, slender. Leaves 4 inch long oblong acute denticulate. Hook. fil. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. p. 659. Royle Ill. Bot. Himal. 376. Serpicula verticillata Roxb. Corom. Pl. t. 164. Rare, Kelantan in the river at Kamposa (Ridley). 2. ENHyprIAS, Ridl. Stems-elongate branched leafy. Leaves alternate narrow linear. Flowers solitary base enclosed in a tubular spathe hermaphrodite. Perianth tube long slender. Calyx lobes lanceolate acute 3. Corolla lobes much longer linear. Stamens three adnate to the mouth of the corolla tube short, anthers linear, 2 celled. Styles 3 shorter than the 4 Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. stamens. Fruit narrow flattened, ovules numerous anatropous. Seeds fusiform papillose. Distrib. species one Malaya. ENHYDRIAS ANGUSTIPETALA, Ridl., Journ. Bot. 1890, p. 99. Stems 6 inches to 2 feet long ~ inch through, submerged. Leaves linear lanceolate acuminate alternate, crowded below the flower, or 4 to + inch apart olive green or dull red, minutely denticulate one- nerved. Flowers solitary sessile. Spathe 1 inch long, apex bifid, flattened edges keeled, perianth tube above the spathe 14 inch long, slender, greenish or pinkish white. Sepals lanceolate acute, + inch long. Petals more than 4 inch long narrow linear lorate obtuse white. Stamens very slender, anthers linear. Fruit an inch long thin walled one-celled. Seeds about 14 fusiform with three longitu- dinal rows of short blunt processes. Growing often in large tangled masses in ditches and ponds common. Singapore: Tanglin Garden Lake (Ridley 10721), Chan Chu Kang; Malacca: (Griffith 6039), Merlimau (Derry 231); Perak: Dindings (Ridley), Kinta (King’s Collector 7086) (Scor- techini), Chankat Serdang (Wray 723); Pahang: Pekan (Ridley 1497). Distrib. Borneo. 3. Buyxa, Du Petit Thouars. ‘ Submerged stemless usually’ stoloniferous herbs. Leaves linear acute crowded, scapes long or short. Flowers unisexual or bisexual, enclosed in a tubular spathe. Male flowers several in a spathe, bisexual and female flowers solitary. Sepals 3 linear, petals 3 longer linear. Stamens 3 to 9. Styles short, stigmas filiform 3. Fruit very slender many-seeded, seed oblong tailed or not, tubercled. Species about 157. ‘Tropical Africa, Mascarene Islands, Asia and Australia. Bryxa Marayana,Ridl., Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. IIT. p. 358. Rootstock short and stout. Leaves numerous linear acute 2 to 14 inches long 3 inch wide flaccid deep green. Scapes several axii- lary, peduncle 2 to 6 inches long. Flower bisexual 4 inches long. Spathe flattened. Sepals erect linear obtuse. Petals white 1 inch long, margins toothed. Stamens 3 narrow, anthers linear. Stigmas rather thick acuminate longer than the stamens. Fruit cylindric 24 inch long, enclosed in the spathe. Seeds numerous elliptic blunt muricate and ribbed #s inch long. B. Grifithti, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. p. 661 (in part). > Common in ponds and ditches. Native name, Rumput Lumut. Singapore: Tanglin (Ridley 1625), Chan Chu Kang (Ridley — 71); Pahang: Kuala Pahang (Ridley); Malacca: Tanjong Kling (Ridley 3130), Bukit Panchur, Bukit Sabukor; Perak: Ulu Bubong Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 5 (King’s Coll. 10652); Penang: Telok Bahang (Curtis 1888). Endemic. 4, OTTELIA, Pers. Submerged fresh-water herbs, stemless. Leaves crowded ovate lanceolate oblong or cordate. Flowers showy fugacious solitary in _a tubular bifid spathe. Sepals 3 linear or oblong. Petals 3 larger white or yellow ovate or orbicular. Stamens 6 to 15. Anthers erect. Ovary oblong beaked. Styles linear bifid. Fruit oblong 6-valved enclosed in a spathe. Seeds numerous, testa pulpy. Species about 6 in the tropics of both hemispheres. O. ALIsMoIpDES, Pers., Syn I. 400. Leaves ovate or ovate cordate, acute thin undulate petiolate, blade 6 inches long or less 4 inches wide, petiole three angled 6 inches long. Scapes 4 to 6 inches long. Spathe green winged undulate narrow or ovate an inch or more long. Perianth tube a little longer. Sepals lanceolate obtuse 41 inch long. Petals broadly ovate unguiculate fugacious, white often tinted with pink or violet an inch long. Stamens 6 to 10, an- thers linear. Ovary oblong. Fruit lnear oblong subglobose 6- grooved. Seeds elliptic light brown very small. Rich. in Mem. Instit. Fr. 1811, IT. t. 7, Benth. Fl. Austral. VI. 257, Hook. Fl. Brit. Ind. V..662. O. indica, Dalz and Gibs. Bombay Flora 278. Dama- sonium indicum, Willd. Sp. pl. Il. 276, Roxb. Fl. Ind. II, 216, Cor. pl. II. 45, t. 185, Bot. Mag. t. 1201. Stratiotes alismoides, Linn. Sp. pl. 535. _ In ponds and ditches. Perak: Kinta at Tambun (Ridley 7090), Larut (King’s Col- lector 4073) 5538; Penang: Telok Kumbar (Curtis 851); Province Wellesley; Krian (Ridley) ; Selangor: Pudoh (Goodenough) ; Lan- kawi: Kwah (Curtis). Distrib. Tropical Africa, Asia and Australia. 5. Enuatus, Richard. A submerged marine herb with a stout crinite rootstock. Leaves long strap-shaped: in twos and threes in a basal sheath. Flowers unisexual. Male very small white numerous in a two leaved spathe. Sepals and petals elliptic or ovate. Stamens 3 filaments very short, anthers broad oblong. Female flower much larger, solitary in a large two leaved spathe. Sepals oblong. Petals longer linear, Ovary ovoid with 6 bristly ridges, long-beaked 6 celled. Styles 6 bipartite arms slender, ovules few anatropous. Fruit globose ovoid beaked with 6 hairy ridges. Seeds few large cone-shaped soft green. Species one, Madagascar, Ceylon, and Malay seas to Australia. 6 Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. Enuartus Koenicu, Rich. in Mem. Institut. Fr. 1811, II. 64. Stem woody far-creeping + inch through, covered with stiff black fibres. Leaves subcoriaceous dark green 2-3 feet long, half an inch wide tip rounded. Male inflorescence on a stout peduncle two inches long. Spathes 2 lanceolate acute boat-shaped olive green 14 inch Jong keeled and arm with brown bristles. Flowers very numerous shortly pedicelled white. Sepals and’petals similar. Stamens pubes- cent. Female inflorescence on a peduncle 1-2 feet long, spathes nar- rower. Fruit 1$ inch long, 1 inch wide succulent with 6 broad bands of bristles.. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. III, 27. Hook. fil. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 663. EH. acoroides, Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. pl. Il. 69, Ascherson. Nuoy. Giorn. Bot: Ital. III. 299. WStratiotes acoroides, Linn. f. Suppl. 268. Hnhalus, Griff. Notul. 175 Ie. Pl. Asiat. t. 249, 250. FE. marinus, Griff. l.c. 178. Common in shallow seas round the coasts. Singapore: Bajau (Ridley 3952 Native name Setul. Fruit eaten by children. / The male flowers became detached and float on the surface and the fruit when ripe is raised to the surface also. 6. HatLopHita, Thouars. Submarine plants with slender creeping stems. Leaves in pairs in the axils of a scarious bract, flowers unisexual solitary in a double spathe. Male pedicelled. Sepals 3, petals 0, anthers 3 linear oblong sessile. Female flower nearly sessile. Sepals 3. Ovary beaked one- celled. Style 3 filiform. Fruit subglobose. Seeds numerous glo- bular minute. Species about 6. Tropical seas of America, Asia and Australia. HALopuiLa ovATA, Gaud. Freyein. Voy. Bot. 430, t. fig. 1. Leaves elliptic or obovate petioled dark green } to $ inch long, $ to 4 inch broad, petiole $ inch long. Male flower shortly pedicelled. Sepals ovate to elliptic ovate. Anthers oblong. Female pedicelled very shortly. Sepals very small, perianth at base tubular. Styles long and slender. Fruit sinall globose. Seeds 1 mm. across tuber- culate and reticulate. Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 663. H. ovalis, Hook. f. Flor. Tasman. IT. 45, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. III. 230, Aschers. Nuoy. Giorn. Bot. Ital. IIT. 301. Diplanthera, Griff. Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 161 ©, f. 2. Caulinia ovalis, Br. Prodr. 359. Common in shallow seas round the coasts. Singapore: Harbour (Ridley 3780), Changi; Johore Strait; Penang; Lankawi (Ridley). Distrib. East African, Indian, Malayan, Australian and Pacific Seas, Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. i II. ORCHIDEAL, Herbs or shrubs, either (1) terrestrial with a short stem, her- baceous leaves and a ierminal or lateral spike or raceme, rarely climbing plants, often leafless saprophytes, or (2%) epiphytes with short or long stems, branches of which may be swollen and fleshy, (pseudobulbs) leaves usually coriaceous, flat, distichous, or terete or (rarely) absent, roots long or short often flattened. Inflorescence axillary or terminal spicate or racemose. Perianth superior irregu- lar, consisting of three Sepals, two laterals free similar to the other one, or connate more or less or prolonged below the ovary into a spur-like sac, the mentum. Petals three, two similar, the third op- posite the column and upper sepal very different, the lip, often lobed, and spurred, and bearing processes (calli) of various forms. Sta- mens and style united into a column, opposite the lip. Column long or short, erect on the top of the ovary, or prolonged below it into a foot to which when present the lip is adnate, and frequently also the lateral sepals also. aAnther one terminal (except in Cypri- pedium, where there are two) adnate to the top of the column, or stipitate by a short filament (sometimes forming the hood of the column). Pollen grains cohering in 2, 4, 6 or 8, waxy or powdery masses (pollinia\) prolonged or attached to one or two thin flat or terete caudicles, terminating in a variously shaped adhesive disc, or caudicle and disc absent. The other two stamens are represented often by wings or arms of the column or indistinguishable. Stigmas three, the upper one forming a flat rounded or triangular entire or bifid beak below the anther, (rostellum) the other two forming a viscid mass sunk in a hollow of the column, or rarely protruding (stigma). Ovary inferior usually twisted, one-celled. Fruit cap- sular, or rarely baccate elliptic, pyriform or cylindric. Seeds minute. Species over five thousand, occurring over the whole world, rare in desert and arid regions and most abundant in the tropics. TRIBES AND SUB-TRIBES. Fertile anther one. Pollinia waxy 2 to 8 without any cau- dicle or disc 4 ae .. Tribe I, EPIDENDREAE. Pollinia 2 to 4 waxy, with one or two caudicles and one or two discs. Epiphytic or terrestrial \. .. Tribe IT, VANDEAE. Pollinia mealy with one or two cau- dicles and one disc. 5 Terrestrial plants often saprophytic Tribe III, NEOTTIEAE. 8 Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. Pollinia mealy 2 with 2 caudicles and 2 discs. Anther adnate to apex of column erect. Terrestrial herbs =. os .. Tribe IV, OPHRYDEAE. Fertile anthers two. Terrestrial herbs. Lip saccate .. Tribe V,. CYPRIPEDIEAE. NOTE.—King (Ann. Bot. Gard. Cale. Vol. VIII. considers that the ‘* Anther” in Ophrydez is composed of the inner halves of two anthers, of which the outer halves are represented by the small rugulose processes on the outside commonly known as staminodes. Thisis possible but I am hardly prepared to endorse it, especially in view of the structure of the column of Dilochia, in which the three anthers are cle:rly visible, though the two outer ones are infertile. The wings and arms of the column I believe to be the remains of the filaments of these anthers. I. EPIDENDREAE. - 1, Mavaxesk. ‘Terrestrial or epiphytic, flowers small, inflorescence terminal, column footless. Pollinia 2-4 with no viscus. Column short. Terrestrial leaves flat .. ? .». 1. Mierostylis. Epiphytic, leaves fleshy distichous 2. Oberonia. Column long, arms short from the top 3. Liparis. Column usually long, arms from the side 4. Platyclinis. 2. DENDROBIEAE. Epiphytic rarely terres- trial, inflorescence lateral or terminal. Column with a long foot. Inflorescence lateral or ter- minal on an elongate stem or terminal on a | two-leaved pseudobulb .. a a .. 5. Dendrobium. Inflorescence from the rhizome, pseudo- bulbs one-leaved. Column short, not hooded arms short subterminal... ay .. 6, Bulbophyllum. Column longer hooded, arms long from the side ay i Ww .. 7%. Dendrochilum. Pollinia 8. Sepals forming a mentum .. a, es Ova es Sepals connate into a tube .. .. 9. Porpan. Sepals free. Column long .. .. 10. Tylostylis. Column short Flowers in long ‘slender racemes, ; minute .. * ov oa) PoP areattas Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 9. Flowers in terminal heads 12. Agrostophyllum. Flowers in short axillary racemes 13. Poaephyllum. Flowers few or solitary, axillary 14. Ceratostylis. 3. Burerieak. ‘Terrestrial rarely epiphytic, stems short swollen. Leaves plicate herbaceous. . Inflorescence on tall rarely short lateral scapes. Column long. Pollinia 2, no viscus, column with lateral C8 161: eee 2 : . 15. Chrysoglossum. Pollinia 2, no seca ae without arms ne .. 16. Collabium. Pollinia 4 or 8, Asian aah a foot. Lip not spurred, mobile. Pollinia 4 17. Plocoglottis. Lip not Spun, not mobile. Pollinia : 8 : ae .- 18. Tama: Lip ae ae Peeudebaihs .. 19. Ascotania. Lip spurred, no pseudobulbs .. 20. Nephelaphyllum. Column footless. Pollinia 8. Stems short swollen. Lip not spurred 21. Spathoglottis. Stems short swollen. Lip spurred. Lip convolute round column .. 22. Phawus. Lip adnate to column ee. .. 23. Calanthe. Stems tall leafy. Inflorescence terminal. Terrestrial. Column with no lateral anthers. ae i af .. 24. Arundina. Epiphytic. Column with 2 sterile an- thers and one fertile one .. .. 20. Dilechia. 4. COELOGYNEAE. Epiphytes, rhizome _ creeping. Branches or pseudobulbs 2 or more leaved. Lip sessile at column base. Column without foot or arms. Pollinia 4. Lip not saccate or spurred 26. Coelogyne. ~Lip saccate at base .. a .. 2%, Pholidota. Pollinia 2. Lip sie branches not pseudobulbs ... ras .. 28. Claderia. Il. VANDEAE. 1. EvtopHimar. Leaves herbaceous not articulated. Lip spurred, column long ha .. 29. Eulophia. 10 Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. Lip saccate not spurred, column short 30. Geodorum. 2. CYMBIDIEAE. Leaves stiff or subcoria- ceous articulated, column footless, stems short, scapes long axillary. Stem short iP i -. 381. Cymbidium. Stem long. Racemes eines Ee .. 32. Dipodium. Stem long. Racemes from the base 33. Grammatophyllum. Stem flattened. Raceme terminal ... 34. Bromheadia. 3. PoLYSTACHYAE. Column with a foot, sepals forming a mentum .. .. 30. Polystachya. Saprophyte, leafless Se =e .. 36. Leucolena. 4, SARCANTHEAE. Stems terete or slightly flattened, leaves coriaceous lorate or terete, ra- cemes or panicles axillary. Lip spurless. Lip entire, leaves terete dae co Oe, asia, Lip entire, leaves lanceolate .. .. 88. Adenoncos. Column with a foot. Lip obscurely 3-lobed with no callus 39. Acampe. Lip distinctly 3-lobed with a rounded callus _ 40. Stauropsis. Lip distinctly with a forleba calli .. 41. Phalaenopsis. Side lobes of lip forming a mentum with the long column foot .. 42. Doritis. Lip 5-lobed.. yA oe .. 43. Staurochilus. Lip spurred column without a foot or distinct arms. Stems elongate. Flowers racemose or panicled. Column short, midlobe of lip large 44. Vanda. Column short, midlobe small .. .. 45. Renanthera. Column long... ot .. 46. Renantherella. Flowers solitary mubercent = .. 4%. Lrichoglottis. Stem short. Lip entire .. .. 48. Rhynchostylis. | Stems short or long, leaves distant. Lobes of lip small, spur with callus in the mouth ms af .. 49. Saccolabium. Leaves crowded. Pollinia 4 .. .. 00. Microsaccus. Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 11 Leafless, stems very short .. Column with erect arms. Caudicle of pollinia as broad as the large disc Spur saccate horizontal Spur pendulous ey Lip saccate mobile... Lip saccate not mobile. Stems elongate. Bracts flattened distichous te a ; Stems short. Bracts not distichous 5. Noryireak. Stems pseudobulbous, epi- phytic. Leaves one or few. Racemes from base of pseudobulbs. Column long. Lip spurred. Column foot absent. Leaves several. Lip adnate half way up to the erect column .. : Leaf solitary. Lip forming a tube with the column foot Ns iy 6. PopocHILINAE. Stems slender or pseu- dobulbs with distichous leaves racemes laterate or terminal. Pollinia 4-8 attached to 1 or 2 elongate, or calyptriform caudicles. Rostellum elongate. Stems tall slender. Racemes lateral or terminal ay ‘ Stems pseudobulbous 1-2 leaved. Scapes from base of pseudobulbs se Stems short with long distichous leaves ve III. NEorriEean. 1, Listerear. Column usually long. Anther terminal. Pollinia 2-4 powdery or granular without any caudicle or gland. Climbers, leaves fleshy. Fruit baccate Leafless saprophyte. Fruit capsular Tuberous herbs with one leaf. Flowers racemose appearing after the leaves ae a3 oe Flowers solitary in the leaf axil ag 51. Ov Ow Or Cr ww 7 Or 06. Taeniophyllum. . Pelatantheria. . Sarcochilus. . Ascochilus. . Aerides. Thriaspermum. 5%. Dendrocolla. 08. Acriopsis. 59. Thecostele. 60. 61 62 for) Se) 66 Podochilus. . Thelasis. . Oxyanthera. Vanilla. . Galeola. 5. Pogonia. . Corysanthes, 12 Leafless saprophytes. Lip 3-lobed .. Lip entire’ Sepals free. Lip free fain sian Lip adnate column face Sepals connate .. 2. GoopYEREAE. Anther posticous vertical but inverted. Pollinia 2-4 granular attached to two caudicles and a disc. Column short. Stems tall leafy. Inflorescence axillary or terminal. Panicles mga Perianth long narrow : Racemes short axillary or terminal. Perianth short Stem short. Inflorescence spicate or racemose terminal. Lip spurred. Spur bifid Spur entire Lip entire “ Lip short 3-lobed ° : Lip long midlobed long clawed . Lip saccate not spurred. Terminal lobe dilated. Stigma entire. Co- lumn with a boat shaped ventral process. Rostellum moderately long. Lip large Rostellum very long curved. Lip short Column with no ventral process ve Stigmas 2 distinct Terminal lobe of lip not dilated. Leaves few ovate or lanceolate. Lip inferior, base boat-shaped . Lip superior ss ye Sac of lip globose with a short inflexed point .. Leaves numerous, long and narrow Lip not saccate. Leafless saprophyte .. i Leaves long petioled from a rhizome, scape nearly leafless Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. . Aphyllorchis. . Didymopleis. . Lecanorchis. . Gastrodia. . Corymbis. . Tropidia. . Physurus. . Vrydagzynea. . Cystorchis. . Anaectochilus. . Dossinia. . Macodes. . Haemaria. . Zeuxme. . Goodyera. . Hetaeria. . Hylophila. . Lepidogyne. 5. Stereosandra. . Cryptostylis. Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 13 IV. OPHRYDEAE. Stems short or long leafy, raceme ter- minal .. ms na e, .. 8%. Habenaria. V. C¥pRIPEDIEAE. Flowers large, lip saccate sis .. 88. Cypripedium. 1. Microstytis. Terrestrial herbs, stem creeping cylindric or swollen at the base. Leaves herbaceous ovate or ovate lanceolate, usually petiolate. Raceme erect lax-flowered. Flowers small green, yellow, white or purple, pedicelled. Sepals usually narrow spreading. Petals linear. Lip adnate to the base of the column, flat, based prolonged.into two auricles which partly surround the column. Column very short broad with short blunt arms. Anther subterminal; pollinia four and capsule erect obconic, Species about 50 chiefly tropical, some temperate. Stem short swollen at base. Sides of lip produced into long auri- cles. Apex bifid not toothed a .. 1, M. calophylla. Apex pectinate. Lip crimson ; vs .. 2 MM. perakensis. Lip green or white ie .. 3 M. acutangula. Sides of lip not auricled .. .. 4. M. congesta. Stem prolonged not swollen .. .. 5, M. anicrantha. 1. M. catopHyuua; Rchb. f. Gard. Chron. 1879, II. 718. Base of stem swollen. Leaves few lanceolate or obliquely ovate margins crisped 3 to 5 inches long 1} to 14 wide brown with darker spots, and a paler edge. Raceme 6 inches long base nude. Flowers numer- ous small. Bracts lanceolate reflexed about as long as the ovary. Sepals oblong edges revolute. Petals a little longer and narrower, pink. Lip green sub-orbicular with two long recurved auricles, apex with two short teeth. M. Scottii, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 678, Bot. Mag. t. 7268. King Ann. Bot. Roy. Calc. 8, p. 17, t. 20. Penang Rifle Range (Curtis). Distrib. Pegu and Siam. 2. M. PeRAKENsIS, Ridl. Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 222. Stem but little swollen nearly $ inch through. Leaves 5-6 unequal ovate to ovate lanceolate acute plicate oblique, 6 inches long and two inches wide petiole 1-2 inches long. Scape a foot long stout 4-angled. Flowers numerous. Bracts lanceolate acuminate acute” deflexed 4 14 Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. inch long. Pedicels twice as long spreading. Dorsal sepal oblong obtuse, laterals ovate oblong $ inch long. Petals rather short oblong, all pale pink. Lip large auricles 2 inch long lanceolate acute rosy violet, blade rounded with 6 long incurved teeth rosy, fovea deep elliptic. Column emerald green, arms oblong truncate. M. plantaginea, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 688 (not Steudel). Perak: Batu Kurau (Curtis), Gunong Buku (Scortechini), Ulu Bubong (King’s Collector 10426 10858), Telok Pinang (Ridley), Taipeng (Curtis). Endemic. 3. M. acurancuxa, Hook. f. Ic. Pl. t. 1835 Fl. Brit. Ind. V. p. 68. Stem swollen short. Leaves ovate lanceolate oblique acuminate - 4-6 inches long by 13 wide. Raceme 6 to 8 inches long base nude. Bracts lanceolate deflexed. Flowers numerous green or white 4 + inch across pedicels } inch long. Sepals linear oblong. Petals longer and narrower. Lip auricles triangular acute, blade shorter pectinate all round. Arms of column large “rounded. Perak: Batang Padang, (Wray 1604), Larut Hills (Curtis) ; Selangor: Bukit Hitam (Kelsall). Endemic. 4. M. concresta, Rchb. f. Walp. Ann. VI. 206. Stem swollen at the base 1-2 inches long. Leaves 4 or 5 unequal ovate to ovate lanceolate acuminate, the largest.6 to 7 inches long, by 2 inches wide. Raceme 8 to 12 inches long, base about half nude. Flowers very small crowded yellow or crimson. Sepals oblong, laterals broader. Petals linear blunt. Lip without auricles oblong, three lobed, lateral lobes erect broad blunt, median longer narrow blunt. Capsule erect 3 inch long, ribs crenulate. Hook. fil. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 689, Ridley Journ. Linn. Soc. XXIV. 334. _ King Ann. Roy. Bot. Cale. 8, p. 19, © Plate 23. M. Bernaysii, F. Muell. Fragment XI. 21. M. trilobulata, Kurz Andam. Rep. App. B XIX. MW. fusca, Rehb. f. Walp.-Ann. VI. 207. Dienia congesta, Lindl Malaris latifolia, Sm. Rees ee: M. plicata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 456. Singapore: Kranji, Bukit Timah, etc. (Ridley) ; Malacca: Batu Tiga (Ridley), Mount Ophir (Derry \. Snugei Hudang (Derry 162) ; Pahang: Selensing (Machado); Perak: Maxwell’s Hill (Ridley) ; Penang: Waterfall Hill (7060 Ridley) ; Pulau Betong (Curtis 3121), Lankawi (Curtis). Native name Sigundol hutan. Very common over the Peninsula. Distrib. Tropical Himalaya, Burmah, Andaman isles, Deccan, Ceylon, Cambodia, Borneo, China, Australia. 5. M. micrantua, Hook. f. Ic. Pl. t. 1834. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. p. 688. Stem not swollen creeping on rocks or the ground 6 inches long or more. Leaves subdistichous thin lanceolate or ovate’ lanceolate acute crispéd coppery shining above, 2-4 inches long } inch wide, ? Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 15 petiole purple $ an inch long. Scapes one or two on a stem, slender, 6-8 inches long, half or more nude. Flowers very small scattered. Bracts linear acuminate recurved. Sepals lorate obtuse purplish. Petals a little smaller. Lip ovate with large lorate obtuse auricles bright yellow, teeth four short acute ones and a larger median obtuse one. Column green arms rounded. Capsule oblong erect 4 inch long. Damp forests, Singapore: Changi (Ridley 3925), Seletar, etc. ; Johor: Batu Pahat, (Ridley) ; Malacca: (R. Derry) ; Perak: (Scorte- chini), Larut Hills at 4,000 feet (Hervey). Distrib. Borneo. 2. OBERONIA, Lindl. Small epiphytes, with a very short or moderately Jong stem, covered with distichous equitant leaves narrow fleshy. Spike ter- minal slender coyered with minute green- yellow or red flowers. Bracts short oblong often toothed. Petals and sepals ovate reflexed. Lip entire or lobed with a circular nectariferous depression at base. Column very short, arms short. Anther ovate. Pollinia 4 adhering by a viscid disc. Capsule globose or elliptic. About 60 species, Indo-Malayan, with a few in Africa and the Mascarene Islands, Australia, Polynesia and Japan. § 1. Acautes, stemless. Lip entire flat ovate -+ “1 OW lunata: ay triangular oblong 2. O. Prainiana. Lip concave emarginate .. .. 3. O. subnavicularis. Lip bilobed denticulate 4. O. iridifolia. Lip oblong bifid 5. O. gracillima. Lip 3 lobed. Rhizome long creeping... vn 6.0; Seortechine: Not rhizomatous. Margins of lip entire sag nan Sy eee et POSE Gs Lateral lobes toothed HS, .. 8. O. stenophylla. Lip 4 lobed. Lateral lobes short entire .. .. 9. O. aurantiaca. Lateral lobes fimbriate oh .. 10. O. insectifera. § 2. CAULESCENTES. Stem elongate. Lip oblong retuse not toothed iste LIs-0. angeps: Lip denticulate. Petals entire. ‘Lip base narrow apex bilobed .. 12. O. miniata. Lip broad base with large auricles 13. O. porphyrochila. 16 Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. Petals toothed. Lip not lobed. Lip apex bifid . 2 -. 14 0. Bertoldi. Lip emarginate e he .. 15. O. ciliolata. Lip entire .. ee oe .» 16. O. brunnescens. Lip 3 lobed. Mid lobe cuneate broad .. sr Mid lobe quadrate bifid .. vie makes Mid lobe with two long narrow lobes 19. Mid lobe narrow apex bilobed 2 Os Ee) - intermedia. . gracilis. . caudata., . Rolfeana. © SO RS § 1. AcaUvLEs. 1. O. tuNaATA, Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch. Pl. p. 17. Leaves few ensiform straight or faleate acuminate 3 to 5 inches long, $ to $ inch wide. Spike rather stout as long as the leaves. Bracts ovate dentate. Flowers + inch across white or yellow sessile in crowded whorls. Sepals ovate acute. Petals linear lanceolate. Lip entire ovate or obscurely 3 bilobed, apex rounded, dentate. Capsule sessile triquetrous. Hook. fil. Fl. Brit. Ind. VI. 180. O. biaurita, Hook. f. Te. Pl. t. 2317. O. dissitiflora, Ridl. Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. p. » 218. Malazis lunata, Bl. Bijdr. 394. On trees, Singapore: Seletar (Ridley 364), Kranji, ete., Bukit Timah Road (Ridley 10154, 8187). Distrib. Java. 2. O PratntAna, King, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Vol. LXIV. 331, Ann. Roy. Bot. Cale. 8, Pl. 1. Tufted. Leaves fleshy falcate $ to } inch long } in broad. Spike slender 4 inches long. Flowers minute distinctly verticillate, bright brown. Bract oblong subentire as long as the ovary. Sepals oblong blunt. Petals elliptic lanceolate serrate. Lip triangular or oblong blunt edges eroso-dentate. Perak: (Scortechini) ; Penang: Penara Bukit (Curtis). Dis- trib. Sikkim, Siam. 3. O. SUBNAVICULARIS, King, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXVI. II. 579. Leaves ensiform obliquely acuminate } to 6 inches long, $ to $ inch wide. Spike hardly as long as the leaves, peduncle terete ebracteate. Flowers very densely crowded 34 inch long. Bracts small lanceolate erose. Sepals ovate blunt. Petals narrowly oblong truncate. Lip about as long as broad very concave from base to apex edges coarsely retroserrate apex blunt emarginate with a central tooth. © Perak (Scortechini No. 1202). 4, O. rriprroLia, Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Pl. 15, Fol. Orch. 1. Stem short. Leaves ensiform acute 3-5 inches long $ to 1 inch wide. Spike 6-10 inches long densely floriferous. Flowers minute green or yellow. Bracts broad toothed sheathing the ovary. Sepals ovate toothed. Petals as large or smaller. Lip orbicular ovate bifid shortly Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. i at the tip toothed all round. King, Ann. Bot. Gard. Cale. 8, p. 8, Pl. 8, Hook. fil. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 675. Cymbidium iridifolium, Roxb., FL. Ind. IIT. 458. Malavis iridifolia, Rehb. fil. Walp. Ann. VI. 208. Langkawi, Pulau Hujong Duri (Curtis). Distrib. India and Siam. - . 5. O. GRACILLIMA, Ridl., Jour. Roy. As. Soc. St. Br. Vol. 43, p.. 93. Stemless or nearly so. Leaves four or five ensiform acute 1} inch long 4 wide. Spike very slender 3 to 4 inches long, glabrous, base nude for + of its length. Bracts lanceolate acute entire longer than the ovary. Flowers minute, whorled, 5 or 6 in a whorl. Sepals oblong obtuse recurved entire. Petals broader ovate toothed all whitish. Lip orange oblong tip acute bifid with a wide sinus between the lobes, edges minutely toothed, auricles short rounded. ‘Tringanu at Bundi (E. Rostado). Endemic. 6. O. ScorTEcHINII, Hook. fil. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. p. 683. Rhi- zome long creeping stout with the tufts of leaves 14 inch apart. Leaves 9-10 inches long + to 4 inch wide ensiform curved narrowed towards the apex. Scape 12 to 18 inches long rather slender, covered with flowers in distinct whorls to the base. Bracts ovate lanceolate 7» inch long. Flowers very small yellow. Sepals oblong obtuse. Petals ilmear. Lip three lobed side lobes lanceolate longer than the small orbicular rhomboid midlobe. - Perak: Kinta district (King’s Collector 7122, 1128), (Scorte- chini 1588). Endemic. 7. O. RosEA, Hook. fil. Ic. Pl. t. 2005. Leaves narrowly ensiform 2-54 inches long } to 4 wide. Spike as long as the leaves or shorter Bracts lanceolate. Flowers ;'; of an inch across sessile pink. Sepals rounded ovate. Petals elliptic erose. Lip hardly longer side lobes quadrate, midlobe reniform retuse. Capsules subsessile. Hook. fil. Fl. Brit. Ind. VI. p. 180. Malay Peninsula (W. Norris); Perak: Gunong Batu Putih (Wray 1246), Larut Hills (King’s Coll. 2664). Endemic. 8. O. STENOPHYLLA, Ridley, Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. p. 218.. Leavés ensiform faleate acute or subacute 24 inches long 4 to 4 inch wide. Spike 34 inches long slender curved almost entirely covered with flowers. Flowers minute in scattered fascicles. Bracts as long as the ovary lanceolate acuminate. Sepals and petals equal ovate oblong obtuse. Lip lateral lobes widely oblong laciniate, midlobe longer triangular emarginate with acute angles. Johor: Hulu Sembrong (Lake and Kelsall). On coffee trees Sungei Tebrau (Ridley). *2 18 Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 9. O. AURANTIACA, Ridley, Journ. Bot. Vol. 36, p. 210. Leaves about 6 faleate acuminate fleshy dark green 2 inches long 4 inch wide or less. Spike 4 inches long nodding base covered with lanceolate acuminate bracts. Bracts narrowly linear acuminate. Flowers minute whorled. Sepals ovate spreading orange. Petals oblong obtuse tips toothed, much narrower. Lip narrow oblong red much Jonger than the sepals, lateral lobes short oblong obtuse narrow, me- dian long narrowly oblong bifid at the apex. Column rather longer than usual. Selangor: Kajang (Goodenough). Endemic. 10. O. INSECTIFERA, Hook. fil. Ie. Pl. t. 2004. Leaves ensiform straight narrow upwards 2 to 4 inches long 4 inch wide. Spike about as long as the leaves. Bracts subulate minutely erose. Flowers sub- whorled sessile 35 inch across. Sepals ovate subacute. Petals linear. Lip much longer, side-lobes 2-3 partite ‘with linear lobules, midlobe much longer with two linear lobes. Capsule shortly, pedicelled. Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. VI. p. 180. Pahang: Tahan River (Ridley) ; Perak: Larut Hills at 3,500 feet altitude (King’s Coll. 2793). Endemic. § 2. CAULESCENTES. 11. O. anceps, Lindl., Sert. Orch. sub. t. 8. Stems tufted 4 to 10 inches long with short cultrate leaves }-} inch long very numerous and close. Spike cylindric 1-3 inches long densely covered with flowers. Bracts ovate entire, concealed by the flowers. Flowers ocreous. Sepals ovate. Petals much smaller linear, entire all re- flexed so as to be invisible behind the broad lip. Lip ovate or oblong ovate emarginate longer than the sepals. Column arms bright green. Capsule sessile globose. Lindl. Fol. Orch. 6, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 685. O. imbricata, Wight. Ic. t. 1629 (not Blume). O. Griffithii, Wight. Ie. V. 4. Malavis anceps, Rehb. f. Walp. Ann. VI. 214. Singapore: Galang (Ridley 9513), Kranji (Ridley) ; Malacca: Tanjong Kling (Ridley) ; Pahang: near Pekan (Ridley 1559), Pasir Loyang (Ridley) ; Selangor: Gnting Bidai (Ridley) ; Perak: Dindings (Ridley) (Scortechini) ; Penang: Waterfall Hill (Curtis). Dis- tribution Tenasserim. Native name, Sakat Lidah Buaya. Leaves used for poulticing. The largest native species easily distinguished by its long stem and dense spike of yellow flowers. - 12. O. mintara, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1843, Mise. 8. Stem short 1-14 inch long. ieaves ensiform acute about 8, one inch long } inch wide. Spike slender 14-8 inches long puberulous base nude. Flowers yy inch across lax pedicelled, red. Bracts lanceolate shorter than the pedicels. Pedicels puberulous. Sepals ovate, ciliate. Petals nar- rower. Lip base narrow dilated towards the apex denticulate bilobed. Lindl. Fol. Orch. 6, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 685. Malaxis miniata, Kichb. f. Walp. Ann. VI. 215, Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 19 - Singapore: (Hort. Loddiges). Kranji (Ridley 375, 2034a). Endemic. 13. O. PorPHyROCHILA, Ridl., Journ. Linn. Soe. XXXIT. 220. Stem rather short. Leaves lorate acuminate flaccid faleate, 6 inches long $ inch wide. Spike over 4 inches long slender, almost entirely floriferous, rachis angled. Flowers 3‘, inches across crowded below fascicled towards the apex. Bracts linear acute entire. Sepals short ovate obtuse yellow. Petals linear much narrower. Lip ovate purple with long crenulate recurved auricles, median lobe bilobed toothed. Selangor: Bukit Hitam (Kelsall). Endemic. 14. O. Berroupr, King, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal LXVI, II. 581. Stems very short. Leaves coriaceous narrowly lanceolate acuminate. 4-14 inch long § to $ inch wide. Spike longer than the leaves, base long ebracteate slender. Flowers 35 inch long in whorls of 6. Bract lanceolate erose-serrate. Sepals elliptic oblong entire. Petals lan- ceolate coarsely serrate. Lip longer ovate elliptic not lobed with one or two teeth on the sides, apex bifid toothed. Perak (Scortechini 1525). Endemic. 15. O. crni0LaTA, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. VI. p. 181, Ic. pl. 2318. Stems tufted 3-6 inches long. Leaves about 9-14 ensiform acute ? to 2 inches long 4+ inch wide. Spike 4 to 6 inches long, floriferous to the base. Flowers 3's inch wide, white, whorled. Bracts oblong den- ticulate apiculate. Sepals ovate, ciliate. Petals lanceolate minutely denticulate ciliate. Lip oblong quadrate or ovate retuse serrate. Capsule ;'; inch across pedicellate puberulous. Singapore: Kranji -(Ridley 375), Changi, Bukit Timah Road (8788, 10153); Malacca: Sungei Kesang, Sungei Rambei (Derry 313); Tringanu: Bundi (Rostado). Distrib. Borneo. 16. O. BRUNNESCENS, Ridley, Journ. Linn. Soc. Stem an inch long. Leaves cultrate faleate $ imch long $ inch wide. Spike 4 inches long slender base nude. Flowers scattered »') inch across, red- dish brown. Bracts ovate acute. Sepals ovate oblong entire. Petals broad ovate denticulate. Lip ovate laciniate not lobed. Capsule ellipsoid pyriform 4 inch long. Perak: Larut Hills (Ridley). Endemic. 17. O. INTERMEDIA, King, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LX VI. IT. 579. Stem 1 to 3$ inch long. Leaves acute subfaleate 1 to 24 inch long, $ to »5 inch broad. Spike slender decurved about 44 inches long. Flowers 35 inch long whorled. Bract lanceolate shorter than the ovary. Sepals ovate acute. Petals linear oblong acute. Lip 3 lobed larger than the sepals, broadly oblong, lateral lobes rounded apex broad and erose. Perak (Scortechini 1516). Endemic, 20 Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. O. eractuis, Hook. fil. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 685. Stems 6 to 8 inches long flexuous. Leaves straight lanceolate acute one inch long. Spike 4-6 “inches long, low flowered. Flowers subsessile reddish 3'j inch across. Bracts very short triangular ovate. Dorsal sepal or- bicular, laterals ovate. Petals linear. Lip with two oblong eylindrie obtuse lateral lobes, midlobe quadrate flat obtusely 2 lohed. Perak: Kinta River (King’s Collector). Endemie. 19. O. caupata, King, Journ. As. Soe. Bengal LXNVI. II. p. 581. Stems an inch and a half long. Leaves 4 or 5 distant, linear ensiform acuminate falcate # to 2 inches long 3% inch broad. Spike much decurved, as long as the longest leaf, lax-flowered. Flowers solitary about 35 inch long. Bract ovate entire. Sepals ovate oblong acute pale red. Petals linear lanceolate acuminate. Lip much _ longer, lateral lobes ovate acuminate spreading, midlobe narrow deeply divided into 2 caudate acuminate lobules. Perak (Scortechini 315b). Endemic. 20. O. ROLFEANA, King, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal LXVI. ae BBL. long and about + inch ‘wide. Spike 3 or 4 times as long as the leaves Stems about an inch long. Leaves ensiform acute falcate 3 2 to 1 inch slender puberulous rather sparsely flowered. Bract oblong edges erose. Ovary glandular hairy stalked. Flowers sy inch orange coloured, Sepals subequal ovate obtuse. Petals linear entire. Lip longer hase broad and concave, lateral lobes rounded erect, midlobed narrow shortly bilobed at the apex, edges entire. Perak (Scortechini 2193). Endemic. 3. Liparts, Richard. Terrestrial or epiphytic plants. Stems usually swollen at base. Leaves herbaceous (terrestrial species) or coriaceous (epiphytes) ovate or lanceolate few. Raceme erect, flowers numerous small, or very small. Sepals and petals narrow linear or oblong. Lip clawed, blade oblong, ovate or reniform, deflexed with a single or double callus at the base. Column long graceful, free with short arms or wings. Anther terminal ovate. Pollinia 4. Species over 100, All temperate and topical regions. 1. Mouisrrottar, terrestrial, leaves her- haceous one or more on a swollen stem not articulated. Leaves seyeral. Lip large oblong, denticulate, flowers deep red 3 .. 1. L. atrosanguinea, Lip large ovate, pale veined red 2. L. venosa. Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 21 Lip small oblong entire, calli 2 3. L. ferrugined. Lip small obove ate crenulate, callus 1 a3 if Et .. +..2. transtillata. Lip small apex denticulate bifid 5. L. Wrayt. Leaves solitary ovate. } . Lip oblong bifid denticulate .. 6. L. Maingayt. Lip pandurate bifid with two long tails os i. L. parvula. Lip pandurate bifid lobes fimbriate 8. L. furcata. § 2. ContIFOLIAE, epiphytic, leaves cori- aceous articulate. Raceme lax bracts deflexed. Flowers large, lip bilobed, toothed 9, L. latifolia. Flowers small, lip apex pectinate .. 10. L. lacerata. Flowers very small. Lip oblong retuse a2 ld SE, elegans. Lip oblong bilobed’ = .. 12. L. flaccida. Lip entire ovate .. ay .. 13. ZL, longipes. Lip entire oblong fee .. 14d. L. comosa. 3. DisTicHAr, epiphytic, leaves coriaceous articulate. © Raceme short compact. Bracts distichous persistent. . Lip half an inch long, connate, fla- belliform .: .. 1d, L. compressa. Lip + inch long obovate retuse .. 16. L. disticha. § 1. MoLurroLir, 1.-L. ATROSANGUINES, Ridl., Journ. As. Soe. Str. Br. Vol. 39, p. 71. Stem stout sheathed 4 inches tall. Leaves ovate lanceolate acute crisped, 8 inches long by 3 inches wide or less. Scape stout over a foot tall. Raceme Jax many flowered. Bracts very small, ovate lanceolate, ovary and pedicel 1 inch long, twisted and the ovary with sinuate ribs. Flowers as large as those of L. venosa entirely deep red-purple. Sepals linear obtuse revolute. Petals much nar- rower. Lip orbicular oblong $ inch long subacute denticulate with two short semicircular lamellae at the base. Column arched with narrow wings. Perak: Gap on Larut Hills 4,000 feet alt. (Curtis and Derry). Allied to Z. venosa but differing in the broader lp, and deeper colouring of the flower. Endemic. 2. lL. VENOSA, et Journ. Linn. Soc. XXIV. (1888') 550. Stem swollen about 2 inches long, old pseudobulb 6 inches green or purple. Leaves about five unequal ovate lanceolate undulate acute 6 inches long by 2 inches wide. Scape stout purple red over a foot long. 22 Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. Raceme lax many flowered. Bracts lanceolate acute deflexed § inch long. Pedicels 1 inch long purple. Flowers large. Sepals oblong convolute } inch long pinkish or green. Petals nearly as long linear pink. Lip ovate obtuse crenulate over half an inch long and as broad, pale with purple veins, calli small rounded. Column rather short nearly straight and thick with raised edges, no arms, purple. Anther ovate purple. Singapore: Chan Chu Kang (Ridley); Johor (Little) ; Perak: Bujong Malacca, (Curtis 8289). © Distrib. Sumatra, Borneo. 3. LererruGinra, Lindl., Gard. Chiron. 1848, p. 55. Stem swol- len at the base SHOT. Leaves narrow linear lanceolate acuminate 8 to 9 inches long by $ to 1 inch wide. Raceme 12 to 16 inches tall stout base nude, flowers small + inch long, scattered in the upper third. Bracts lanceolate acuminate. Sepals oblong ovate laterals falcate obtuse. Petals linear narrow, all green or purple. Lip fleshy hardly clawed, oblong retuse, green or purple calli two small bosses at the base. Column arched rather stout arms very obscure, greenish. Anther ovate. Capsule pearshaped an inch long on a pedicel 4 inch long. L. nervosa, Ridley, Journ. Linn. Soc., XXXIT. 224. Damp grassy spots, ricefields, etc. Siigapore: 'T anglin, Changi (Ridley) ; Malacca: (Griffith), Chabau (Ridley); Perak: Larut (King’s Col- lector 2782), Kampar (Curtis 3108). Distrib. Cambodia. Probably only a local form of L. nervosa, Lindl, differing mainly in its narrow elongate leaves, and long flowerspike. 4, L. TRANSTILLATA, Ridl:,Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 225. Stem an inch and a half long swollen. Leaves about 4 ovate to ovate lanceolate acute oblique 8 nerved petioles 2 inches long stout blade 6 inches long and two wide. Raceme 6 inches long rachis winged, base nude. Flowers $ an inch across reversed, pedicels $ inch long purple. Sepals lorate purplish. Petals linear narrower. Lip clawed, blade oblong obovate slightly retuse, and crenulate dark purple, witha median olive green channel, callus a transverse bar green with two purple spots, at the base of the blade. Column nearly straight apex hooded yellowish white, arms small oblong truncate. Perak: Larut Hills (Ridley). Endemic. 5. L. Wrayt, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. VI. p. 181. Stem 3-4} inches long purple. Leaves 5 lower ones ovate, upper ones lanceolate acute undulate bright green six inches long three inches wide or smaller. Raceme stout 6 inches long 3 angled. Bracts ovate acute lanceate undulate £ inch long. Pedicels and ovaries slender $ inch long. Sepals linear obtuse convolute $ inch long. Petals narrowly linear shorter all green. Lip oblong apex widely square bilobed, lobes Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 23 toothed, green with two purple lines on the disc, no calli. Column gaceful curved green. Capsule elliptic nearly an inch long. JL. pectinifera, Ridl., Journ. Bot. Vol. 39, p. 210. Perak: (Wray 3713, 3631) ; Dindings on Gunong Tungul (Rid- ley). Endemic. 6. L. Marneayl, Ridl., Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXIT. 226. Stem short base swollen subglobose. Leaves lower ones reduced to sheaths, upper one orbicular ovate dark green 3 inches long by 2 inches wide. Raceme about + inches lax. Bracts lanceolate acuminate half as long as the pedicel. Pedicel half an inch long. Flowers $ inch long deep crimson. Sepals narrow lanceolate acute. Petals narrower. Lip Column fairly stout arched, arms short incurved. Microstylis Maingayi, Hook. f. Ic. Pl. t. 1826, Fl. Brit. Ind. V. p. 689. Wet rock in forest from 2,000 feet elevation upwards. Malacca: Mount Ophir (Ridley); Perak: Larut Hills (Wray 674), Gunong Batu Puteh (Wray 487); Penang: Waterfall Hill (Maingay), Bukit Laksamana (Curtis 1005) ; Kedah: Gunong Jerai (Ridley) ; Selangor: Pahang Track (Ridley). Endemic. 7. L. parvouna, Ridl. Le. Stem short subglobose. Leaves lower ones reduced to sheaths, upper one ovate acute dark green 2 inches long by one wide. Raceme 3 inches base nude. Bracts lan- ceolate acuminate very small. Flowers rather crowded about { inch long deep crimson. Sepals oblong obtuse. Petals narrow. Lip nar- row pandurate ending in two narrow tails with a broad sinus between. Micostylis parvula, Hook. f. le. Pl. t. 1827, Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 690. Wet rocks, at an altitude of 2,000 feet and upwards. Perak: Larut Hills (King’s Collector 6457, Ridley 5203). Endemic. 8. L. rurcaTa, Ridl., Journ. Linn. Soe. le.c. Stem very small subglobose. Lower leaves reduced to sheaths, upper one ovate acute 2 inches long by one wide. Raceme very slender 4 to 6 inches long base about one third nude. Flowers numerous very small 4 inch long. Bracts much shorter than the pedicel lanceolate acute. Pedicel slen- der 4 inch long. Sepals oblong obtuse. Petals linear lorate. Lip not clawed narrow oblong much longer than the sepals, bifid, lobes diverging toothed, with a median tooth. Capsule elliptic 4 inch long. Microstylis furcata, Hook. f. Ic. Pl. 1827 A. . Perak: Larut Hills 4,000 feet alt (Ridley), Scortechini 370b. Endemic. § 2. CoRIIFOLIAL. 9, L. LATirouia, Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch. Pl. p. 30. Stem stout 3 inches long. Leaf solitary elliptic lanceolate very coriaceous 24 Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. with about 14 strong ribs 12 inches long 3 inches wide. Raceme 10 to 14 inches long stout. Flowers numerous 4 inch long. Bracts lan-_ ceolate acuminate + inch long. Pedicel 4 inch long. Sepals narrow linear. Petals similar narrower yellowish. Lip base narrow apex dilated bilobed denticulate, orange, calli two short erect processes. Column slender arched arms very short. Anther orbienlar. -Capsule 1 inch long obeonic. L. robusta, Hook. f. Te. Pl. 2012. L. Scorte- chini, Hook. f. FL Brit. Ind, V. 703, Ic. Pl. No. 2009. Malazxts latifolia, Blume, Bijdr. 393. Epiphyte at an altitude of 4,000 to 5,000 feet. . Selangor: Bukit Hitam (Kelsall) ; Perak: Larut Hills (Scorte- chini, Ridley). Distrib. Java, Borneo. 10. L. bacerata, Ridl., Journ. Linn. Soc. XXII. 1886, p. 284. Pseudobulb conic +2 inches long $ inch thick. Leaf lanceolate to elliptic lanceolate 6 to 9 inches long 3 # to 1$inch wide much narrowed at the base. Raceme slender 6 to 12 inches long. Flowers numerous distant 4 inch long. Bracts narrowly lanceolate acuminate } inch long. Pedicels and ovary $ inch long. Sepals oblong obtuse. Petals narrower and shorter white. Lip oblong apex broad strongly toothed, callus obscure single, orange coloured. Column arched, arms very obscure. Capsule elliptic half an inch long. Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 702. ‘ Perak: (Scortechini, King’s Collector), Larut Hills (Ridley) ; Lankawi Isles, Gunong Raya (Curtis). Distrib. Tenasserim, Borneo. 11. L. evecans, Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch. Pl. p. 30. | Pseudo- bulb conic cylindric 1 inch long. Leaves 2 elliptic lanceolate nar- rowed at the base 6 to 9 inches long 1-1} wide. Raceme 12 to 18 inches long erect stiff base nude. F lowers very numerous small one- tenth inch long. Bracts lanceolate acute { inch. Sepals oblong, laterals curved, blunt green. Petals narrower green. Lip oblong retuse os orange calli 2. Column graceful arched, wings round- a green. Capsule elliptic ae long. JL. gracilis, Hook. f. Ic. Pl. e201, F)..Burt:. Ind, VEc182: Epiphyte on trees and rocks, com- mon. Singapore: Kranji, Sungei Buluh (Ridley 2372); Johor: Gu- nong Bane ne (Ridley) : Malacca: Nyalas (Goodenough 1715), Ophir (Derry) : : Pahang: Pekan (Ridley); Perak: Larut (King’s Collector 1283) ; Penang: Moniot’s Road (Curtis 2841); Lankawi: Kwala Malacca (Curtis 1695); Kedah: Gunong Jerai (Ridley). Distrib. Borneo. 12. L. rnaccipa, Rehb. f. Linnaea XT. (1877) 45. Pseudobulb subeylindric 15 to 3 inches i Leaves narrow clongate lanceolate acute 6 to 12 inches long 4 to } inch wide Raceme slender decurved 6-12 inches long, flowers very small scattered copious. Bracté $ inch Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 25 long lanceolate acute. Pedicel and ovary } inch long. Sepals oblong, laterals faleate obtuse greenish white. Petals narrower and shorter. Lip oblong abruptly decurved in the middle apex bifid, edges ciliate, orange, calli 2 small processes. Column graceful arched, arms very short rounded. Capsule elliptic 4 inch long. On Tofty trees. Malacca: Machap (Derry 160); Selangor: Goa Batu ( Ridley $132); Perak: Ulu Bubong (King’s Collector 10402). Distrib. Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Siam. L. LonerPss, Lind]., Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 31. fs 35, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 40. Pseudobulb short ovoid, 1-2 inches long or clongate to 6 inches, cylindric, leaves linear obovate oblong subspathulate obtuse or acute, 4-8 inches long 1 inch wide. Raceme erect about 6 inches long. Flowers copious crowded in the upper part, very small, Bracts linear acuminate { inch long. Sepals oblong greenish white. Petals linear. Lip ovate acute decurved in the middle orange or green, no calli, Column graceful curved with short arms. Wt. Icones t. 906. LZ. pendula, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc. 180. L. spathulata, Lindl, Bot. Reg. 1842. Rare. Perak: Larut Hills (Derry), Batang Padang (Wray 1440) ; Penang: Sonkay River (Curtis 507) (Por ter in W allich’s Catalogue 1943). Distrib. India, Ceylon, Malay and Pacific Isles, China. 14. L. comoss, Ridley, Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 229..A small plant with crowded conical pseudobulbs % inch long. Leaves narrowly lanceolate acute narrowed to the base 45 inch long } inch wide. Raceme erect 6 inches long. Flowers small numerous green. Sepals lanceolate lorate, laterals broader. Petals linear. Lip oblong subquadrate apex rounded, no calli. Column slightly arched above, arms short obscure. Capsule ellipsoid subglobose 4 inch long. Perak: Larut Hills at 1,500 feet altitude (Curtis). Endemic. 3. DISTICHAE. 15. L. compressa, Lidl., Gen. and Sp. Orch. Pl. p. 32. Rhizome creeping, pseudobulbs subglobose at base covered with the sheath of the leaf. Leaf solitary coriaceous linear lanceolate acute, 9-15 inches long 1 inch wide. Bracts distichous imbricating. Flowers opening singly red brown. Pedicels } inch long. Sepals lanceolate. Petals narrow linear. Lip half an inch long, cuneate flabelliform with a narrow claw, apex broad truncate crenulate. Calli 2. Column slen- der curved, no arms. Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 706, Ridley Journ. Linn. Soc. XXIT. 291. Malaxis compressa, Bl. Bijdr. 390, t. 54. Perak : Larut Hills at 4,000 feet (Curtis 2069), Scortechinr4420, Gunong Batu Putih (Wray 1244). Distrib. Sumatra, Jaya, Borneo, Celebes. 26 Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 16. L. pisticHa, Lindl., Bot. Reg. sub. t. 882. Rhizome long and slender branched pseudobulbs pear-shaped 4+ inch long. Leaf linear acute 5 to 10 inches long } inch wide or less. Scape slender naked, winged 4 to 6 inches long raceme 4 to { inch long. Bracts 4-} inch long, distichous. Flowers $ inch. Sepal oblong narrow yellowish. Petals linear. Lip }$ inch long ocre yellow, obovate retuse, with 2 tubercled calli at base. Column slightly curved broadly winged. Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 706, Ridley Journ. Linn. Soe. XXII. 291. LZ. gregaria, Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch. Pl. 33. JL. mucronata, Lindl., Ic. 82. Malaxis disticha, Vhouars. Orch. Lles. Austr. d’Afrique t. 82. Malavis mucronata, Bl. Bijdr. 391. Singapore: Kranji (Ridley 172), Sungei Buloh (Ridley 2373) ; Johor: IKwwala Kahang, (Kelsall) ; Pahang: Kota Glanggi (Ridley) ; Perak (Scortechini 1559), Bujong Malacca (Ridley 9284), Larut (King’s Collector 4986), Kinta (King’s Collector 7085); Penang: (Maingay); Lankawi (Curtis). Distrib. Mascarene Isles, Ceylon, Tenasserim, Malay Archipelago. 4, PLATYCLINIS, Benth. Tufted epiphytes with numergus obconie pseudobulbs crowded on a rhizome. Leaves solitary petioled lanceolate or linear. Bracts stiff terminal slender. Flowers small green white or brown. Bracts stiff broad convolute or narrow. Sepals and petals narrow spreading. Lip sessile or nearly so flat oblong, or pandurate, lobes small, calli various. Column siender or short and broad, with distinet often long arms, tip of column produced into a hood. Anther incumbent 2 celled. Pollinia 4 waxy ovoid. Species about 20. Malay Peninsula and Islands. Bracts broad ae 1. P. longifolia. Bracts narrow, arms of column long from the middle .. is .. 3 e., P-gracihs, Arms rising from near the base. Arms much shorter than the column 3. P. linearifolia. Arms about as long acuminate .. 4. P. linearis. Arms about as long toothed 5. P. odorata. Column and arms very short. Arms from near the stigma os GP. Kengn: Arms oblong toothed at base .. % BP. Sarawakensis. 1. PL. Loncironra, Hemsl. Gard. Chron. (1881) IL. p. 656. Pseudobulbs crowded in a large clump, elongate conic 3-4 inches long. Leaf lanceolate petiolate acuminate 6-13 inches long 1-24 inches wide. petiolate 2-4 inches long. Raceme 12 to 15 inches long base nude for about half its length. Bracts oblong convolute 4 inch long as long as Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 27 the pedicel and ovary. Flowers about 40. 4 inch across. Sepals and petals lanceolate acute, the latter a little narrow ochreous. Lip pandurate with shorter narrow acute spreading lateral lobes, midlobe much larger obovate oblong, centre dark brown edges lighter, keels 2 low ridges brown. Column pale comparatively short arched, arms long and linear from about the middle, erect, hood toothed. Anther conic capsule globose oblong about an inch long splitting into 3 equal lobes. Dendrochilum longifolium, Rehb. fil. Bonplandia IV. (1856) p. 329. Singapore: Kranji, Sungei Jurong (Ridley 4681) ; Johor: Batu Pahat (Ridley) ; Pahang: Selinsing (Machado) ; Peak: Hermitage Will (Ridley). Distrib. Borneo. 2. Pu. eRaciuis, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. p. 708, Ic. Pl. t. 2016. Pseudobulbs crowded one inch long conic. Leaf ellipic lanceolate obtuse 4 to 6 inches long one inch wide petiole $-1 inch long. Raceme graceful 6 to 9 inches long lower third nude. Flowers numerous sinall. Bracts lanceolate acute ¢ inch long. Sepals and_ petals lanceolate acuminate acute, pale green. Lip pandurate lateral lobes narrow linear acuminate pale greenish white, median obovate, or cuneate acuminate white with a dull red centre bar and a green line in the centre, or yellowish with a dark brown central patch, keels 3 thick from the base to the middle of the lip, dark green. Column slender curved, arms from about half way down the column long Capsule elliptic, $ inch long. Perak: Larut Hills, at 4-5000 feet, (King’s Collector 280) (Curtis, ete.). Var. angustifolia. Leaves narrow linear obtuse, 5 inches long by $ inch wide. Perak: Bujong Malacca (Ridley 9816). Endemic. 3. PL. LINEARIFOLIA, Ridl., Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 231. Pseudobulbs fusiform conic $ inch long densely crowded. Leaf linear lanceolate 2 inches long by 4 inch wide petiole $ inch long. Raceme slender nodding 3 inches long a third to a half nude. Flowers 4 inch long about 20 yellowish. Bracts longer than the ovary lanceolate acute. Sepals and petals lanceolate acuminate. Lip oblong or obovate, lateral lobes short triangular acute, median ovate oblong, or subquadrate subacute keels three. Column curved, arms linear rising from near the base much shorter, hood round entire. Anther ovate. Dendrochilum linearifolium, Hook. fil. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 782, Ic. PI, .t.-1859: Malacca: Mt. Ophir at 3-4,000 feet alt., (Hullett 862, Derry 626); Perak: Batang Padang (Wray), Chosang (Scortechini), Gu- nong Bubu (Wray 3884). Endemic. ae 28 Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 4. PL. LINEARIS, Ridl., Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 230. Rhizome thick woody, pseudobulbs elongate conic 14 inch long. Leaf over a foot long } inch wide linear lanceolate obtuse narrowed at the base into a petiolate 3 3 inches long. Raceme 12 inches long graceful, lower two-thirds nude. Flowers et inch long, white. Bracts lanceolate acute shorter than the ovary. Sepals linear acute. Petals similar. Lip linear obtuse as long, side lobes acute hardly distinct, keels three thick, middle one lower than the others. Column long arched arms lanceolate acuminate acute rising from near the column base and pro- jecting about the toothed hood. Anther long beaked. Kedah: Gunong Jerai, 3-4,000 feet alt. terrestrial. (Ridley 5138). Endemic. Px. oporata, Ridl., Journ. As. Soe. St. Br. Vol. 39, p. 72: pebndaballs cylindric tapering 24 to 3 inches long. Leaf lanceolate subacute petiolate, blade 9 inches long, % inch w ide, petiole 2 inches Jong slender. Raceme nodding graceful 1 foot long, lower half nude slender. Flowers greenish white sweet scented, + inch Jong numerous. Bracts lanceolate acuminate longer than the short ovary. Sepals and petals lanceolate acuminate acute, Lip entire tongue shaped obtuse minutely pubescent, keels, 2 nearly the whole length of the lip. Column rather short with broad wings arms free from a little below the stigma as long as the hood, linear apex toothed. hood of column large toothed. Anther with a short broad beak. Perak: (Curtis No. 2854). Endemic. 6. Pu. Kincu, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. p. 708, Ie. Pl. t. 2015. Pseudobulb elliptic oblong, 1 inch long. Leaf lanceolate linear acu-'- minate 6 to 10 inches long, 4 inch wide tapering much at base. Raceme 9 inches long lower half nude, graceful. Flowers about 24, 4 inch long, pale green, lip darker. Bracts lanceolate nearly twice as long as the ovary. Sepals lanceolate acute. Petals broader. Lip side Jobes rounded broad; midlobe ovate or lanceolate ovate with two short curved calli at the base. Column very short, broad with very short toothed arms from the upper part, hood long entire. Anther ellipsoid, with a rounded process on the tip. Perak: Larut Hills (King’s Collector 7455, Scortechini 608a), (Curtis 2756). Distrib. Borneo. v7. Pu. Sarawakensis, Ridl., Journs Linn, Soc. XXXI. 267. Pseudobulbs short oblong } inch long. Leaf lanceolate 7 inches long § inch wide, petiole 1 inch. Scape 8 inches long slender nodding. Bracts lanceolate acute ribbed. Sepals lanceolate to acute long. Petals lanceolate obtuse greenish yellow. Lip shorter, side lobes subquadrate obscurely bouihed midlobe oblong ovate, cuspidate, ; green, a double raised keel at the base. Column short with a large hood Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 29 arms, very short oblong toothed processes at the base. Anther helmet- shaped apiculate. Perak: (Curtis). Distrib. Borneo. 5. DENDROBIUM, Sw. Epiphytes rarely terrestrial. Stems elongate, or pseudobulbous. Leaves coriaceous, herbaceous or fleshy. Flowers racemose axillar y or subterminal. Sepals subequal, lateral ones adnate to the foot of the column and forming a sac (mentum). Lip adnate to the foot of the column, side lobes erect or rarely spreading, often absent, terminal lobe longer narrow or broad concave or flat. Rostellum entire. An- ther 2 celled scullshaped top thickened, attached by the back to a small tooth, on the tip of the column. Pollinia 4, ovoid, or oblong in pairs in each cell. Capsule elliptic or pyriform. _ Species about 300. ‘Tropical Asia to Japan, Australia and Polynesian. . $ 1. SarcopopiumM. Stems short -pseu- dobulbous of one or two internodes on a creeping rhizome. Flowers one to several on a terminal raceme. Pseudobulb slender crowded one-leafed 1. D. longicolle. Pseudobulbs distant, short and thick, leaves 2. Lip with two rows of tubercles . on midlobe 2. D. longipes. Lip with three keels on dise and 2 calli on base .. ‘ 3. D. macropodum. Lip with thickened ridges, no calli 4. D. geminatum. §$ 2. Botsipium. Stems short, tufted, clavate, leaves 2 terminal. Flowers 1. or few from between the leaves, mentum long. Stems stipitate .. ae Ys Cr . D. quadrangulare. § 3. DesMoTricHuM. Stems. branch- ed, the terminal internode of each branch developed into an ovoid or conic, pseudobulb bearing a single leaf. Flowers few 1-2 at a time from a tuft of bracts below the leaf. Yerminal lobe of lip not broader than the lateral lobes apex bilobed. Lip glabrous midlobe oblong base broad... 6. D. lonchophyllum. Lip midlobe narrowed above horse- shoe shaped .. . %. D, Kelsalli. Terminal lobe of lip entire bearded 8. D. criniferum. 30 Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. wone Terminal lobe much broader than the side lobes. Margins waved entire. Oblong Triangular, apex broad retuse Subtriangular almost bilobed Of two long undulate lobes Terminal lobes lacerate or fim- brivte)