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TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

moO Abas OCTET Y

OF

EDINBURGH.

VOL. XVIL—PART I.

CONTAINING THE

MAKERSTOUN MAGNETICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL
OBSERVATIONS

FOR

1841 anv 1842.

EDINBURGH :

PUBLISHED BY ROBERT GRANT & SON, 82 PRINCES STREET ; AND
T. CADELL, STRAND, LONDON.

MDCCCXLV.

PRINTED BY NEILL AND CO., OLD FISHMARKET, EDINBURGH.

OBSERVATIONS

MAGNETISM AND METEOROLOGY,

MAKERSTOUN IN SCOTLAND,

IN THE OBSERVATORY OF

GENERAL SIR T. M. BRISBANE, BART.,

G.C.B., G.0.H., D.C.L., LL.D., COR. MEM. INST. FR., PRES. R.S.B.,.F.R.S., F.R.A.S., H.M.R.I.A., &c. &e.

1841 anv 1842.

UNDER THE DIRECTION OF

E. RUSSELL, Esa., 1n 1841, AND OF JOHN A. BROUN, Esa., 1n 1842.

THE WHOLE EDITED BY

JOHN A. BROUN, Ese.

EDINBURGH:
PRINTED BY NEILL AND COMPANY.

MDCCCXLV.

CONTENTS.

PREFACE ttt teeeeneneneeaeasaseeneneeaaascsancecarsaseresssteassccasssaraesssseasseaseeeaeas teense cesses census tes

IntRODUCTION—

Description and Position of the Observatory,---+--+-++++se++eeeseeeeeeseeeeeneeeeeeeeseeanenes
Personal Establishment, apoceiednluctonilsinal «aula tcle'e'vic auinicn'els uid nislelcnc issue denicnaiens as aahiae pele adeiceen sa

Maenericat InstRUMENTS—

Declinometer—
Description of the Declinometer, «-++--+:++-+sssseeeeeteenneeeceneesceeeeeeeeteeeeense ees
Value of the Scale Divisions,
Reading for Magnetic Axis,
Effect of Bifilar and Balance Magnets, --+++-++ss+eseeeseesererenaceneeaceecenseeeseees
Effect of Copper Ring, --2-eceseeeec ec ecees sees sec ccseeeccceensesecsescrnceerensrseeceenes
Suspension Thread and its Torsion Force,:---:++++sssesesseceeerenteeeneeeseeeeeeecens
Values of = ane aiyis(e|ainiexin pula wivis apsin/alcelsmaae'sieisiaetacduladelandniatsiecaiser nan caldedaadcle ck oa eae

Facts relating to Suspension Threads,....--+--+ssesseseceseeeeeeeesscneeenecenceceetees
Absolute Declination, metals atalsia asin cintalslatein en wialc sin o'aldeletdsiaiaiacele els oiels's ce so wine a7u eee e dealer eee
Method of Observing, Gumtead de slenas au divide acer one's nists sineilevioimasicntisd osias sm sleee nee aapew ete

Bifilar Magnetometer—

Description of the Instrument, ...-.--01s-s-ecceeseesoreecsnsreccarssenscarseneannsanesesss
Constants for the Reduction of Observations after altering the Reading of the

Torsion Circle, ---+---++ss+s++sseseceeceecencsccnsccscececescsceecncerecaeccetesenees
Adjustments, --+++++--seeeereceeeceeeseeneaecceseaerecenstaeseeeeneesseeseeseseceresserseesns
Value of Scale Divisions, ...+--+1.+2+sssesesecececescnssececeenenceecsncecseaserr ase eneane
Times Of Vibration, -+--++cececssseceseecececenenetctenencnasaseeasscaseeeceeterncnseseoeres
Mode of Observing and Reductions, -++-++-ssss+sseseneeresseeneeeencecesteeaeeeces eee
Valuies of Ke amd qy:---seeee ser ece crest cenececeeeseecnersceecsesnccscscsscssteenesues erates
Sources of error in determining the Temperature of the Magnet, «..------+-+++-
Absolute Horizontal Intensity, .....-----s--s-ceseseeessetsesernscesceseenescnsecsensees

Balance Magnetometer—

Description of the Instrument,.--.--2:+-.c1:-sssesseeeeeseeeeseecenseeceseneeereceecnees
Value of Micrometer Divisions, «-++-----+0-:e++sececesenecescnseccccsenseeeecerrarenees
Deviation of Magnetic Axis from the line joining the Bisco Crosses, --+-+-
Times of Vibration in a Horizontal Plane,
Times of Vibration in a Vertical Plane, --------++++++++++0+.-

Effect of other Magnets, ---...--se-csccscccscsccscaceecceceesecesssccsencesee Seeneped are.
Observations and Reductions, -+++.-+s.ssse-ssesserscnccsaees., teeteeeceesssasaeeerseeeees
Values of k and y trent tea eeeeenceeeesceveesaneeeenes aele.g daly niviacjatoia Pinan eainiiele alblen'mendisiaetaid el

+e

lv CONTENTS.

Observations for the Temperature Corrections—
Method of Observation,
For the Bifilar Magnet,
For the Balance Magnet, bles cdatgdces soa Vessiuntwen ones Meate amen cvaceny ymesmena ticle srasins
New Method of determining the Temperature Correction, --+++++++++++s2+++s2e07+

Inclinometer—
Description of Instrument, and Method of Observing, «+----++++1sseeeeeee eeseeeees
Observations in different Azimuths, --+++++-++eeseseeeseneeee renee sensenecenstaneere ees

Merrororocicat InstRUMENTS.

Barometer—
Description of the Instruments used, -++++++++++2+s+seeseeeeeeeetereesetsseeeeeseeseeens
Comparisons with the Royal Society’s Standard, «.+--+++ss+sseeeeeeeseeetereeeeeeens

Thermometers—
Positions of the Thermometers, --+++-+sssseseseseeneceeseecereeessrseeeereceeeeeesececes
Corrections of the Thermometers to the Standard, «-----+-++++-++-seseeeeeeeeeeeees

Rain Gauges—
Positions of the Gauges, cbs dou eae aaa baealhametelebyeaeeleisive tides ceteicterclan ble clsiete sine Sales peeeteed

Anemometer—
Description of the Instruments, -+++-+++++ee1sesteeeeeeeseecaecceeeeeeseeeen eee eeeeerens

State of the Sky—
Mode of Observation, cicte 5at)aiae a'ain Scleede Cenc a rateien eaten aoa ne ea lemare wolcwelns aiaeints male wenn

General and Recapitulatory Remarks—
Stove, --sceeeeeceerseeneeeeeeseenersnreeceeeetereeneeeneesectereneareceaeenensecensrersecesesas
Clock, Lcba naire cineee ep act eta wicca egies a uieiaialnta ware Ul elaie'a:s(siatale preter emtsictee iWiataielon llels etniaariateri slain lai ctalsiaialaiste
Time USCA, -ereeeeeeececeeersceersc sen ceeeesseneneeeenensereeeneceeneeseeerseseerereeteeecsnees
Times of Observations for each Instrument, «-++--+:+eeeeeeeeeseee reese eset eeseeeenens
Initials of Observers for each Hour on the Term-days, +-+-+++++++eeresseeee een ene
How to obtain the Absolute Declination from the Observations, «++++++++++++++
Remarks on the Reductions and Abstracts, --.++-+-:eeeses est seeeeeee ese eeeeeener ees

MAGNETICAL OBSERVATIONS—

DAILy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, <+++-eeeeeeeeeeeeessreeeceeeeeeeecseesecnaterseeeeenee res
TERM-DAy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, ceceeeeeeeceeeseeecterssseeseeeeperseresseeesses ees
Extra OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERG, +++++eseeseeoesceecesene creeeecscuesseeeceeneteeseeseeees
OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETIC DIP, «++ ++e++eeeeseeeeeeeeateceeceeesceereneseeseseceseeteeteceeseeaseeens
OBSERVATION OF ABSOLUTE HORIZONTAL INTENSITY, «+1seseereseeeeest eset teen eeeeen ee reseeenee

METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS—

DAILY METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, +e+eseerseeseceeserceeeserecerecseesteeeeetceasereecersaenes
Term-Day AND Extra METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, -++++eeressseerseeeereeseneeer serene eee
REMARKS ON THE WEATHER,

ABSTRACTS OF THE RESULTS OF THE MAGNETICAL OBSERVATIONS—

ABSTRACTS FOR THE MAGNETIC DECLINATION, -++-ce+esersccorsreceaessceeseconerseerecewescanecsene
ABSTRACTS FOR THE HORIZONTAL FORCE, ++-0+e+-+seeeesceeceeesseeeceraesececsseeeseeceseuscasseeees

Pace

110
118

136
140

CONTENTS.

ABSTRACTS FOR THE VERTICAL Force,

ABSTRACTS FOR DISTURBANCES, ------ adéscnor, Rado ce
ABSTRACTS FOR THE Macnetic Dr,-..-..--..--..-
ABSTRACTS FOR THE Tora. InTENsITY, rere rer ewe ett eeeeeee eee weveee

ABSTRACTS OF THE RESULTS OF THE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVA-
TIONS—

ABSTRACTS FOR THE BAROMETER, -+++----+see-eees Se ctawecswecsicesces eciseo mianisvalenaiehincss Oscaneted 208
ABSTRACTS FOR THE THERMOMETERS, deneeece seeeee eee eee e eee ten sewn ae ness eeecereetessenceeceees
ABSTRACTS FOR THE AQUEOUS VAPOUR IN THE ATMOSPHERE, <+--++-0eeeeeeeeeececeessceeaeece
ABSTRACT FOR THE Force oF WIND, ---++--++--- ++ Raia aiceialsiaiateinieluls's eine ce

ABSTRACT FOR THE QuANTITY OF CLOUDs, ---
ABSTRACT FOR THE RAIN GAUGES, «--+-++++++++:

ERRATA.

Introduction, page ix., foot-note, for simultaneous at read simultaneous observations at
— — x., line 6, for Magnetomers read Magnetometers
— — xxv., line 5, for cos v+@ read cos (vu +f)

Enter under No. 34, page xxxi. Introduction, the following :—

Vv
PAGE
145
152
154
156

158
161
162
164
164
165

The effect of the Declination magnet on the Bifilar magnet is zero; the effect of the Balance magnet N. pole E. on

the Bifilar magnet is—3:15 Sc. div. This correction has not been applied to the observations.
Enter before Table 15, page xxxv. Introduction :—

The relative moments of the three magnets were determined by placing their centres successively on the same point
at right angles to spare magnet suspended in the Declinometer box and observing the deflections; the following

are their ratios—
Declination : Bifilar : Balance = 1-000 : 0-828 : 0:185.
Introduction, page xxiv., line 16, and page xl., line 27, for K read k
_ — xivi., last line of Table 22, for 21 read 71
Sept. 264 23 1841, page 4, Balance Thermometer, for 5-13 read 51:3
Aug. 64 71842, — 58, for 29:43 read 129-43
Oct. 294 20% 1841, — 74, transpose the observations under Max. and Min.
July 274 20> 1842, — 93, for 6:68 read 66°8
— 100, carry foot-note to page 101.

Introduction, page lii., No. 79, for 24° read 23°.

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PREFACE.

AmonGsT the various Systems of Observation undertaken in 1839 by
the British and other Governments, by the East India Company, and by
private enterprize, for the advancement of our knowledge of Terrestrial
Magnetism, none were directed to any point in Scotland; although this
country, from its extreme north-westerly position in Europe, had been
regarded by Professor Gauss, the originator of this new movement in
Science, as one of the most interesting localities for Observation.

General Sir THomas MAKDOUGALL BRISBANE, President of the Royal
Society of Edinburgh, undertook to supply, at his own expense, the defi-
ciency thus occasioned ; and instituted, at his residence of Makerstoun, in
Roxburghshire, a Magnetical Observatory on a scale similar to that of the
Public Establishments, and of which a detailed account will be found in
the Introduction to this volume of the Observations.

The personal establishment, originally confined to one observer, Mr
E. RussELL, with occasional assistants, was gradually extended, under the
superintendance of Mr J. A. Broun, to three permanent observers, who,
it is believed, have carried on as extensive a course of observation as it is
possible for that number of individuals to perform, with the additional
labours of reducing them and superintending the Press.

Sir THomas BrIsBANE having expressed his wish that the Observa-
tions at the Makerstoun Observatory should appear in the Transactions
of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and be distributed along with them to
the Fellows, both Ordinary and Foreign, the Council of the Royal Society
willingly acceded to the proposal, and desired to mark their sense of the
national importance of Sir Tuomas BRIsBANE’s undertaking by contribu-
ting from the Funds of the Society towards the expense of publication.

The present volume, forming the Seventeenth of the Society’s Trans-
actions, is the First of the Makerstoun Observations.

JAMES D. FORBES, Sec. B.S. Ed.

GENERAL Sir T. M. Brisbane takes this opportunity of acknowledging |
the obligation which he feels himself under to PRroressor Forses, for his

advice on the formation and continuance of the Makerstoun Observatory.

MAKERSTOUN MAGNETIC OBSERVATORY.

PLATE I. Royal Sot trans.EdinVol Vip F

W4s.E Johnston Se

INTRODUCTION.

§ 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE OBSERVATORY, &c.

1. The Magnetic Observatory, Makerstoun, was erected in the beginning of
1841. The geographical co-ordinates are—

Latitude, : : ¢ : 55° 34 45” N.
Longitude, . : : : 0h 10™ 3:55 W.

Height of the cistern of the barometer above mean water at Berwick, 213 feet.*

The Magnetic Observatory is situate nearly on the summit of a ridge, which
occupies the left or northern bank of the Tweed ; being 540 feet distant from, and
80 feet above, that river.

The Astronomical Observatory is upon the highest part of the ridge, 140 feet
due west of the Magnetic Observatory.

2. A fair horizon is seen from the Observatory hill, being bounded about
10 miles to the east by a slightly swelling ground, which to south-east seems to
join the Cheviot Hills. The view is bounded about half-a-mile to south and south-
west by a ridge, forming the right bank of the Tweed; about 500 feet to the south-
west and north-west by masses of trees in the Makerstoun grounds ; and from 1 to 3
miles to north-west, north, and north-east, by an elevated ridge, which forms to some
extent the northern boundary of the valley of the Tweed.

From north, by the east to the south, the elevation of the horizon, with a
slight exception, is under 2°; from north to north-west, increasing from 2° to 4°;
from north-west to south-west, the tops of the trees are elevated from 5° to 8°;
and from south-west to south the elevation is under 4°. The highest point of
the Cheviots, which is 2656 feet above the level of the sea, is about 18 miles to
the ESE.

3. The Observatory Hill, it is believed, is composed of felspathic trap. The
Tweed, immediately to the south, and for a mile to the east and west, passes through
this rock. It does not appear on any part of the hill; but seems, as far as the

* The height of a point in the Astronomical Observatory was obtained by connecting it with the
levels made from Berwick to the opposite bank of the Tweed, for a projected railway from Berwick to
Melrose. Barometrical observations at Holy Island and at Berwick by Sir T. M. Brispane, and
at the Edinburgh Observatory by the late Professor Henprrson, compared with simultaneous at
Makerstoun, have verified the above determination.

MAG. AND MET. OBS. VOL. I. c

x INTRODUCTION.

opening for a foundation to the Observatory would shew, to be covered with masses
of rolled pebbles, and boulders of ereywacke and trap.

4. The Observatory is rectangular in its plan, 40 by 20 feet internally. It is
formed of wood; copper nails were used; and iron carefully excluded from every
part of the structure.

The pillars for the Magnetomers and Telescopes are of stone, from 22 inches
to 19 inches in diameter, and placed upon excellent stone foundations, completely
disconnected with the floor, or any part of the building. There are two windows
to the south, with the door between ; and three to the north, which open like fold-
ing doors.

5. By a reference to the plan and elevation, the following details will be un-
derstood :—

The dimensions of the principal apartment are, 40 feet long, 12 feet broad,
and 12 fect high. The two ante-rooms are each 15 feet by 7.

The instruments, &c., are indicated in the plan as follows :—

D, The Declinometer.
t, Its Reading Telescope.
A, The Azimuth Circle and Transit.
H, The Bifilar or Horizontal Force Magnetometer.
’, Its Reading Telescope.
P, A Pillar for a Collimator (not used).
V, The Balance or Vertical Force Magnetometer.
I, The Inclinometer.
B, The Standard Barometer.
W, Adie’s Anemometer.
W’, The Wind Vane Dial-Plate.
T, The Thermometer Case after January 22. 1842.
T’, The Thermometer Case before January 22. 1842.
C, The Mean Time Clock.
S, The Copper Stove after Jan. 11. (?) 1842.
S’, The Copper Stove before Jan. 11 (?) 1842.
ns, The Astronomical Meridian.
D t, The Magnetic Meridian.

The two Vanes to the right in the elevation are those for the direction and

force of wind ; the other two were added after 1842.

§ 2. PERsoNAL EsTABLISHMENT, &c.

6. Mr RussELL was appointed by Sir Tuomas BrisBane, in the spring of

INTRODUCTION. xl

1841, to conduct the Observatory, and resigned in April 1842. Mr RUSSELL is,
therefore, only responsible for the observations up till that period.*

During term-days, Mr RussELL was assisted by Mr P. Apr of Edinburgh,
Mr Hoee of Kelso, and myself. After the April term 1842, Mr Dons, teacher
of Makerstoun parish school, replaced Mr RussEL1 in the term observations ; and
after the term 1842, Mr CutsHoim, teacher of Maxton parish school, replaced
Mr ADIE.

The Daily and Extra Observations, and Observations of Adjustment, till the
end of April 1842, were made by Mr RussELL, assisted in some of the latter by me.

MAGNETICAL INSTRUMENTS.

§ 3. DECLINOMETER.

7. The Declination Magnetometer was obtained from Gruss of Dublin. The
Magnet is 15 inches long, gths of an inch broad, and 4th inch in thickness. It fits
into a stirrup, whose two eyes receive an axle attached to the suspension thread.
At the north extremity, it carries a scale divided on glass; at the other, about 12
inches distant (its focal length), a lens of 14 inch diameter.

A marble slab cemented to the top of the Declinometer-Pillar, carries two
copper tubes, which are connected at the top by a wooden tie, bearing the Torsion-
Circle and Suspension Apparatus.

The Suspension Thread, formed of sixteen fibres of untwisted silk, is enclosed
by a glass tube; and the Magnet, with copper ring, for checking the vibrations, by
a cylindrical box, with glass lids. There are two glazed apertures in the sides of
the box, one to the north, where a small mirror throws light upon the glass scale,
the other to the south between the Lens and the Reading Telescope.

_-The ing Telescope is fixed to its pier. By noting the coincidences of the
Scale divisions with the vertical wire at the eye-glass of the telescope, the variations
of the position of the freely suspended magnet are obtained.

* Mr Roussexz studied the methods of observing, &c., at Dublin, under Professor H. Luoyp, to
whom he was also indebted for his attention to various difficulties which were subsequently met with.
To Professor Liuoyp I also owe my acknowledgments for his attention to several of my own com-
munications.

Professor Luoyn, at the desire of Sir Tuomas BrisBanz, likewise examined the observations made
by Mr Russetx and by myself till October 1842.

To Mr Airy, Sir THomas BrisBane’s thanks, and my own, are due, for the facilities afforded
me at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, in April 1842, of acquiring a knowledge of the methods
adopted there. I should not omit to mention my obligations to Lieut.-Col. Sasrve, and Professor
Forzss, for their advice on some occasions.

xi INTRODUCTION.

8. Between the Magnetometer and Telescope piers is the pier of the Theodolite,
used for determinations of the Absolute Declination. The Theodolite is by
TrouGuton ; the circle is 15 inches in diameter, is divided to 5 minutes, and reads
with the verniers to 5 seconds. There are three Verniers; by some accident, the
circle has probably been slightly flattened on one side, as there the verniers enter
rather too much upon the graduations. The error due to this, however, is small.

The lines of collimation of the Theodolite and Reading Telescopes coincide
when the middle wire of the former is made to coincide with the vertical wire of the
latter. The circle is retained in the same position on its pier, but the telescope is
removed, except when required for Observations of Absolute Declination.

9. Following are the determinations of the data requisite in reducing the ob-
servations of the Declinometer.

10. Value of the Scale Divisions in angular measure.

Ascale of 300 divisions was used in 1841, and of 500 divisions afterwards. The
Magnet having been fixed on blocks, the middle wire of the Theodolite Telescope
was made to coincide with various scale divisions. At each coincidence, one
vernier of the circle was read.

TABLE 1.—Value of the Divisions of the Short Scale in the Declinometer during 1841.

Scale Theodolite Scale Theodolite Value of 100
Division. Reading. Division. Reading. Scale Divisions.

113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
112
112

SPDT sss 5

The mean value of 1 Scale division is 076715.

INTRODUCTION. Xili

TABLE 2.—Value of the Divisions of the Long Scale in the Declinometer during 1842.

Scale Theodolite Scale Theodolite Value of 100
Division. Reading. Division. Reading. Scale Divisions,
o “ ° ‘ “ ° Z “
4 51 30-0 240 3 44 22-5 1 7 7:5
4 44 47:5 250 3 37 40-0 17 7:5
4 38 5-0 260 3 30 57-5 1 7 7:5
4 31 20-0 270 3 24 15-0 1 7 50
4 24 37-5 280 3.17 32:5 1 7 5:0
4 17 55-0 290 3 10 50-0 1 7 50
4 11 12:5 300 3.4 7:5 1 7 50
4 4 30-0 310 2 57 25-0 1 7 5-0
3 57 47-5 320 2 50 40-0 1 7 7:5
3 51 5-0 330 244 0-0 1 7 50
3 44 22-5 340 2 37 17-5 1 7 50
3 37 40-0 350 2 30 35-0 1 7 50
3 30 57-5 360 2 23 50-0 1 7 75

The mean value of 1 Scale division is 06710.

11. Determination of the point of the scale at the magnetic axis of the bar, or
the zero of the scale.

June 28. 1841. Magnet with short scale.

The torsion having been removed from the suspension thread, and the Reading
Telescope fixed temporarily, readings were made, the magnet being direct and also
inverted (the scale and lens below the magnet).

TABLE 3.—Reading of the Short Scale for the Magnetic Axis of the Declination Magnet.

Position of

Mean of each Reading for
Magnet.

eae Beating: alternate two. | Magnetic Axis.

'

Direct 140-3
Inverted 159-1

Direct 139-6
Inverted 159-5
Direct 138-5
Inverted 160-3
Direct 137-1

The mean reading for magnetic axis=149°3 Sc. div.

July 12 till 26.1841. Effect of Bifilar and Balance Magnets (See Table 5),
+0°3 Sc. div., corrected zero 149:0 Sc. div.

July 27 till Dec. 28.1841. Effect of Bifilar and Balance Magnets (See Table 5),
—0°3 Se. div., corrected zero 149.6 Sc. div.

MAG. AND MET. OBS., VOL. I. d

XIV INTRODUCTION.

TABLE 4,—Reading of the Long Scale for the Magnetic Axis of the Declination Magnet.

First Series. Second Series. Third Series.

Position of Mean of | Reading Mean of | Reading Mean of
Magnet. Scale each for Scale each for Scale each
Reading. | alternate] Magnetic || Reading. | alternate| Magnetic|| Reading. |alternate
two. Axis. two. Axis. two.

Inverted
Direct 255-65
Inverted : 254-75
Direct x * 254-00
Inverted : 255-95
Direct “ 255-25
Inverted “ 255-20
Direct

Mean reading for magnetic axis, first series, 255°38
second series, 255°13
third series, 255-08

Mean of all the partial results, 255-21.
Correction for effect of Bifilar and Balance Magnets (Table 5) +0°3 Se. div.,
adopted zero for 1842, 255:5 Se. div.

12. Corrections to be applied to the observed positions of the Magnet to obtain
the true declination.
13. Effect of the Balance and Bifilar Magnets on the Declination Magnet.

TABLE 5.—Effects of the Bifilar and Balance Magnets on the Declination Magnet.

N. end of Magnet.

Bifilar. | Balance.

f M :
Declination erreciot Maenc!
Reading.
Bifilar. Balance.

143-30 088

141-38
142-57
144-47
143-07
141-28

0-95

0-89

Mean effect of Bifilar magnet on Declination magnet N. pole W.= —0°64 Se. div.
SpoSSCHO a BASE soph SEMEN. ahcemareaanoscodacoseonebossadbonsa UNgy 0) (2) IDR RABUN HL Sto Gling
Sum= + 0°30 Se. div.

After July 30. 1841, the north poles of the Bifilar and Balance Magnets were

INTRODUCTION. XV

to the west and east respectively: before that date they were in the reverse posi-
tions ; consequently,

Joint effect of Bifilar and Balance Magnets on the Declination Magnet

before July 30. 1841 = — 0°30 Se. div.
after {ot Sige xeoeaho0'30, Se. din:

14. Effect of the Copper Ring.

No observations were made to determine the error due to the copper ring till
1843. Previously, however, it had been placed over the Balance Magnet which
indicates immediately the presence of the smallest quantity of iron ; but the needle
remained motionless.

In 1843, series of observations were made by reading the position of the De-
clination Magnet with the copper ring, in its place and away ; the results were con-
tradictory, being, for the effect of the ring, from —1.82 to + 1.89 Se. div., and lead
to the belief that the effect must be small, if anything. The differences, it was pre-
sumed, were due to the generation of currents of air by lifting and shutting the box,
to the changes of Declination occurring at the time, and to the greatly increased are
of vibration when the ring was removed.

In July 1843, after an extra Declinometer had been obtained, the results were
equally contradictory, the differences were attributed to aerial currents as before,—
the result of the best observations being nearly zero: the ring was therefore allowed
to remain.

In October 1844, a careful series of observations was made with all the guards
of double boxes, &c., when it was found from the consistent results, that the effect
of the copper ring when in its usual position was equivalent to about — 1-0 Se. div.
It is now believed that the differences of the partial results obtained in 1843 were
to some extent due to slight changes in the position of the ring in the different ob-
servations.*

The observations for the effect of the copper ring are reserved for the Intro-
duction to the Volume for 1843. No correction has been applied for its effect in
1841 and 1842, as the position of the ring must have varied slightly during that
period. It is believed that the effect must have been between about — 05.

15. Error of Collimation of the plane glass in the south side of the Declino-
meter-box.

No observation was made to determine this error till 1843. The magnet rest-
ing on blocks, the glass being in its usual position, reversed, and away, no difference
could be detected in the scale readings.

* It should be remarked that the method of taking away and replacing, recommended in the
Report of the Royal Society, does not seem that best fitted for determining the ewistence of a disturbing
cause. During the Observations of 1844, it was found, that, by slightly varying the position of the
ring, the effect might be much magnified, or reduced to zero.

Xvi INTRODUCTION.

16. The Suspension Thread and its Torsion Force.

The errors due to the torsion of the suspension thread are produced in two
ways. First, by the magnet moving out of the plane of detorsion ; secondly, by
the variation of this plane, due generally to the varying humidity of the atmosphere.*
The greatest change of declination from the mean has been within 2°; the greatest
correction for the torsion from this change would be within 8’. The approximation
of the line of detorsion to the magnetic meridian is probably seldom within 2” ; it is
found on trial to have deviated from 5° to 40° from the magnetic meridian, and is so
variable as to swallow up completely the changes from varying declinations.

If the magnet be deflected w by turning the arms of the torsion circle w’, the
torsion is w’—w, the ratio

ul coefficient of torsion force H

nw —w magnetic force x moment of free magnetism rel

is the quantity by which the deviations of the magnet from the plane of detorsion
should be multiplied, to obtain the decrements due to torsion force. If m be the

observed deviation, (1 +) n = the true deviation.

. H :
The observations for the values of F are given below ; no use has been made

of them for this correction, from the reason given above.

TABLE 6.—Values of =

Period to which the factor

Date of the H ‘
Observation. Le pense

1841.
July 8 . 0-00086 July 8s—20
July 17 . 0-00086
July 30 . 0-00100 July 26—Dec. 4
Dec. 28 0-00091 Dec. 22—Jan. 19

1842.
March 3 0-00099 Jan. 21—May 24
June 6 : 0-00088 May 24—June 6
June 18 . 0-00075 June 7—June 26
June 21 . 0-00080 June 7—June 26
June 27 : 0-00077 June 27—July 18
Aug. 22 0-00162 July 20—Dec. 31

17. The second and most important error due to the torsion force, is from the
varying plane of detorsion, Unless when the period and extent of change is known,

* A thick cotton cover was put over the whole Declinometer in January 1844, which seems to
remedy this very much,

’

INTRODUCTION, XVil

this can only be corrected practically. The magnet being removed, and the brass
bar inserted (without any directive magnet), the extremities of the arc of vibration
were observed; the marble slab beneath having radii drawn for every 5°, the de-
viation of the position of detorsion from the magnetic meridian is obtained, and the
arms of the torsion-circle turned an equal number of degrees in the opposite direc-
tion. Much care and time was bestowed on these observations, so as to eliminate
the torsion as completely as possible. Considerable annoyance was experienced
from the breaking of the fibres of the first suspension-threads. They were formed
of 16 fibres, as recommended in the Royal Society’s Report. The necessity of
removing the declination magnet during the observations of inclination, the diffi-
culty of holding the thread with a force exactly equal to the weight of the magnet,
and the consequent liability to strain, or, by loosening, to alter the disposition of
the fibres, were frequent sources of torsion.

18. The principal facts relating to the suspension-threads are as follow :—

May 18. 1841. The suspension-thread was formed of 16 fibres of untwisted
silk ; the torsion was removed approximately for the observations of adjustment.

June 29. 1841. One of the fibres found broken; it was removed, and the tor-
sion eliminated. The brass bar was suspended for several days, and was sometimes
on one, sometimes on the other side of the magnetic meridian; attributed to mois+
ture.

July 11. 1841. Before this date the torsion had been removed with much care.

July 20. 1841. Another fibre found broken ; the loose part was removed with-
out disturbing the thread. No mention is made of the torsion being removed; it
is, therefore, probable that a considerable torsion existed during the term observa~
tions of July 22. 1841.

July 26. 1841. A new suspension-thread attached. Great care was taken to
render the tension of each fibre as equal as possible: several threads were rejected
in succession, until a satisfactory one was obtained. The brass bar was suspended
for several days, and the torsion occasionally removed.

Dec. 4—8. 1841. The declination magnet was found resting on the copper
ring, the suspension-roller being untwisted, and the thread cut at its contact with
the ring. A new thread was prepared, and the screws of the roller tightened. As
much care was taken in forming the thread, and removing the torsion, as on July 26.

Dec. 20, 1841. On Mr RussEL1’s return from Edinburgh, where he had been
for a short time, the thread was found much stretched, bringing the stirrup into con-
tact with the copper ring; it was wound up a little, and the plane of detorsion exa-
mined preparatory to the term-day, Dec. 22, 23. 1841.

Dec. 23. Noon, Gott. From the uniformity of the declination readings during
several hours of the term-day, the box was lifted, and the lower part of the stirrup
found grazing on the copper ring ; the suspension-roller was quite tight; it must,
therefore, have been due to the stretching of the thread. The observations of decli-

MAG. AND MET. OBS. VOL. I. é

XVill INTRODUCTION.

nation are not given, on this account, till noon, when the thread was wound up.
The observations after are probably affected by a considerable torsion-force.

January 19% 2". 1842. Two fibres of the suspension-thread found broken ; they
were removed, but the plane of detorsion had evidently varied to a considerable
extent. During the following night and day (term-day), the thread broke away
fibre by fibre ; and though readings of the instrument were continued, they cannot
be considered of much value. They are given from January 19% 10* till 20° 6", and
are corrected by —13’.4, an approximate reduction for torsion obtained from a com-
parison with the usual daily observations.

January 21. 1842. A new thread prepared ; allowed to stretch for several days,
when the magnet was suspended. The torsion eliminated, the circle reading 280°.

May 24. 1842. A fibre found broken, removed by cutting near the top and
bottom ties.

May 26. A new thread prepared, formed of 20 fibres. A weight was attached
to it, and suspended till required.

May 30° 20". No observations of torsion were made lately. On removing
the declination magnet, in order that the dip observation might be made, the brass
bar which was inserted was generally caught by a wooden block ; it was allowed to
move freely to-day, when the bar went round about 400°, the motion opposite to that
of the sun. The torsion-circle read, vernier A. 146°. The torsion was supposed to be
about 180°. The arm of the torsion-cirele was turned through nearly 90°, by mistake,
instead of 180°; torsion-circle reading, B. 235°. The magnet was replaced till the
observation at 23", after which the brass bar was again inserted, and ultimately the
torsion-circle left reading B. 354° 55’. After 5" the brass bar was suspended until

May 31° 19" 30", when the arm of the torsion-circle was turned to B. 358° 4".

June 2* 5°+. Torsion again tried, and the circle left reading B. 44° 15’.

June 3° 5°+. It was found, when the torsion-circle read B. 35° 0’, that the tor-
sion was removed as nearly as possible. It is believed that, from various causes,
the torsion was not completely eliminated till now. Upon examining the daily ob-
servations, it was evident that a marked change had taken place in the declination
readings between May 16% 20" and 25", the period of the dip observation. There was
no doubt but that the torsion had been induced at this time. It is almost certain
that the brass bar must have gone round half a revolution before being checked by
the wooden block; or, that being inserted in the reverse position, it had been supposed
to have gone round and altered accordingly.

The breaking of a fibre May 244, and the probable existence of torsion previ-
ously, will account for the difference from 180°.

From the observations for the value of = March 34 and June 64, a torsion of 180°

corresponds to a deflection of the magnet of 16-3 and 14:12 scale divisions, re-
spectively.

INTRODUCTION. XIX

The following are the corrections which have been applied to the observations
of declination, on account of the estimated torsions ; the first value of = applying

only to the observations before May 234 20",

Period. Torsion. Correction.
3 Se. Diy.

May 164 23232 5h, 180 +163
May 234 20h—304 204, 249 +19°5
May 304 23h, 160 +12°5
May 314 2h—5h, 40 + 32
May 314 20h—June 2! 5h, mays + 2:9
June 24 20h—June 34 5h, 9 — 0.7

June 64 20h, Two fibres found broken ; they were cut off and the torsion removed.

June 204 21h, Torsion tried ; found to be 61° 30’.

June 262 20%, Fibre broken ; removed the torsion which was 173°.

June 284. The torsion is always determined and removed during the period of
dip observations. For these determinations, see notes to the Daily Observations.

July 184 20". Fibre broken ; the torsion was removed as nearly as possible for
the day’s observations.

July 19* 5", The thread, prepared May 264, and having a brass weight sus-
pended since then, was now inserted, the other having become weak. This thread
was composed of 20 fibres. The torsion was completely eliminated this evening,

19. Errors from accidental sources.

It is believed that a small magnet intended to be placed in the brass bar to
facilitate the elimination of torsion from the suspension thread of the declinometer,
but which was never used, had been lying in the writing-desk between July 1841
and March 29. 1843. The position of the desk was to the east of the reading tele-
scope of the declinometer, except on term-days, when, for convenience, it was moved
to a position nearly midway between the piers of the Declination and Balance
magnetometers.

In the usual position of the desk, the greatest effect of the small magnet on the
declination might be from + 0/-2 to — 0”2 ; and during term-days from + 1/1 to — 1/1,
It is probable that the magnet remained in the same position in the desk fora long
period.

The effect would be constant for each term, and from term-day till term-day.

ABSOLUTE DECLINATION.

20. The absolute declination is determined in the following manner :—
The middle wire of the theodolite telescope is brought to coincide with the

XX INTRODUCTION.

vertical wire of the reading telescope ; the three verniers of the horizontal circle aré
then read; the telescope is turned until its middle wire coincides with the vertical
line on the north meridian mark of the western transit in the Astronomical Obser-
vatory, and the verniers are again read.

In order to obtain the reading of the horizontal circle for the astronomical
meridian, the theodolite telescope is placed as nearly in the meridian as possible,
and being accurately levelled, the time of the sun’s transit is observed by the mag-
netic observatory clock ; the sun’s transit was also observed with the transit telescope
in the astronomical observatory, and the clocks being compared, the true time of
transit, by the magnetic observatory clock, is obtained. The difference, if any, be-
tween the true and observed times of transit, is due to error of azimuth; the latter,
being very small, is obtained from the former in multiplying by the factor
cos. sun’s declin,

cos. sun’s alt.

21. If A be the difference of the horizontal circle readings for the fixed telescope
and the north mark, Z the azimuth of the north mark, and D the angle contained
by the line of collimation of the fixed telescope, and the magnetic axis of the decli-
nation bar at any instant, D being equal to the observed reading, at that instant
minus the scale reading at the magnetic axis of the bar in angular measure, the
true declination will be

180°—A + Z=+=D

The following tables contain the observations for the value of Z and A :—

=

INTRODUCTION, Xxl

TABLE 7.,—Determinations of the Values of Angle A.

Readings of Horizontal Circle

For Declination Telescope. For North Mark.
Date. Angle A.
Verniers. Verniers,.
| Mean. Mean.
A B (0) A. B Cc
1841 7 wt ’ " , ” ° , ” , ” ’ 7 , ” ° , ” ° , u
Aug. 7|| 55 10 o| 54 15-0| 54 40-0} 233 54 41-7|| 49 15-0| 49 55-0} 49 30-0] 77 49 33-7|| 23 54 52:0
Sept. 4} 44 50-0| 45 20-0) 44 50-0 | 233 45 0-0|| 40 5-0| 40 5-0} 40 0-0) 77 40 3-3]) 23 55 3-3
Sept. 18 49 0-0] 48 15-0|48 10-0} 113 48 28-3 || 43 30-0} 43 40-0| 43 25-0) 317 43 31-7|| 23 55 3-4
Sept. 28 | 48 45-0| 48 10-0 | 48 25-0} 293 48 26-7 |) 43 50-0} 43 25-0| 43 10-0) 317 43 28-3|| 23 55 1-6
Oct. 18 || 48 50-0) 48 15-0} 48 25-0} 293 48 30-0)| 43 55-0| 43 35-0) 42 55-0] 317 43 28-3] 23 54 58-3
Noy. 2|| 48 50-0| 48 20-0} 48 15-0) 293 48 28-3]/ 43 50-0] 43 35-0) 42 55-0] 317 43 26-7) 23 54 58-4
Noy. 23 || 46 50-0| 46 40-0| 46 25-0] 293 46 38-3]| 40 45-0) 41 50-0| 41 30-0} 317 41 21-7]] 23 54 43-4
Dee. 3]| 48 15-0) 48 7-5| 47 55-0| 293 48 5-8]| 42 10-0] 43 10-0| 43 0-0] 317 42 46-7] 23 54 40-9

The following mean values of Angle A were adopted :—

August 7—November 23. 1841, Angle A=23° 54’ 57"-2.
January 18, and February 1. 1842, .......... =23° 50’ 7-5.
February 15—December 24. 1842, ......... =23° 50’ 19-3,

‘The observation for the value of A, Dec. 23. 1841, has not been used in taking
the mean for 1841.

Between Dec. 3. 1841 and Jan. 13. 1842, the pillar of the reading telescope of
the Declinometer was shifted. There is no register of the period at which this was
done, but it is believed to have been at the same period at which the long scale
was inserted in place of the short one on the Declination Magnet, or Dec. 28-9, 1841.

The observations of Angle A, Jan. 18. and Feb. 1. 1842, have been separated
from the others for that year, as they are considerably less, and the difference may
have been due to some cause unrecorded.

In the observations after July 13. 1842, the reading for each vernier is the
mean of several made with different lights. The light was generally projected on
the verniers in the direction of the divisions, by means of a mirror.

The two observations, July 13. 1841 and the first on Aug. 16, were rejected
in taking the mean, as they were noted as having been made with bad lights, when
the coinciding divisions could not be well determined. Retaining the observation
of Dec. 3. 1841, the mean value of Angle A for 1841=23° 54’ 55"2. Using the
observations rejected in 1842, the mean value after Feb, 1842 = 23° 50’ 19-1’.

MAG. AND MET. OBS, VOL. I. sf

INTRODUCTION.

XXil

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INTRODUCTION. ; XXill

Tables have been formed from these values, and the known values of the scale
divisions, by which the readings in scale divisions have been reduced to angular
measure.

22. Mr Russe. had determined the time of vibration of the declination magnet
to be nearly 18 seconds, which was accordingly used in the observations.

The results below were obtained afterwards.

June 24420"1842, 60 vibrations give a mean of 17°89

July 16 5 +. 22 aed a a 17-80
Sept.24 6 ++ 22 oe os oe 17-84
Oct. 8 3 -+ 50 on oor 4s. 17-82

23. The points of the scale which coincided with the vertical wire of the reading
telescope, were noted 18° before the minute of observation, at the minute, and 18°
after the minute. The readings at these periods being a, b, and c; the mean is de-

b
duced by the formula ——

The observations of declination in this volume are given in minutes and de-
cimals. The absolute declination is obtained from them by adding 23° 20’; or, if
100’ be subtracted, the absolute declination is obtained by prefixing 25°.

s

§ 4. Brritar or HorizontaL ForcE MAGNETOMETER.

24, This instrument is also by Grugs of Dublin, and is similar, in its general
construction, to the Declinometer.

The magnet, whose dimensions are 15 inches, % inch, and } inch, is placed in a
stirrup, which carries below it the lens and scale connected by a tube, forming a close
collimator ; the axle of a grooved wheel fits into the suspension eyes of the stirrup,
the whole being borne by a silver wire passing round the grooved wheel, and having
its two extremities fixed to a suspension roller; the roller is supported by the tor-
sion circle, which also bears beneath the roller a micrometer-headed screw, right-
handed where it meets one wire (or portion of the wire), and left-handed where it
meets the other. The screw is for the purpose of making the distance of the wires
at the top equal to that at the grooved wheel.

25. In the adjustment of the instrument, the magnet is forced to a position at
right angles to the magnetic meridian, by turning the arms of the torsion circle.
As, in forcing the magnet from the meridian, the upper extremities of the wire will
move through a greater angle than the lower extremities, the wires will be no longer
vertical, and the magnet and appendages will be raised ; the forces producing equi-
librium, therefore, being the weight suspended endeavouring to attain the lowest
point, and the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic intensity acting on the
free magnetism of the bar.

XXIV INTRODUCTION.

26, If uv be the excess of angular motion of the arms of the torsion circle or
upper extremity of the wires over u, that of the lower extremities or magnetic bar
in moving the latter from the meridian, the equation of equilibrium is

9

m X sin u= W = sin v,
m, X, W, a, and J, being respectively the magnetic moment of the bar, the horizontal
component of the earth’s magnetic force, the weight suspended, the interval and
length of the wires.

By differentiation and division, the following equation is obtained, u = 90°.

Aan «a cotv+t(Q+2e—e’),

n being the number of scale divisions from the zero, or reading when u=90°; « the
are value in parts of radius of one seale division; ¢ the number of degrees above

Am :
the zero of temperature ; Q the value of read for 1°; e and ¢ the coefficients of ex-

pansion for the brass of the grooved wheel, and silver of the wires.

27. The tables of abstracts, in parts of the whole horizontal force, are computed
by this formula. The values of
K =a cot v, and
q=Q+2e-¢,
are given No. 32.

28. During considerable disturbances, the collimator scale, which contains too
small an angle, goes out of the field of the reading telescope. In this case it has been
found necessary to turn the arms of the torsion circle until it again appears ; without
this it has happened that the greater part of a disturbance would have been lost. As
there was some doubt that turning the torsion circle after adjustment might affect
the instrument injuriously, experiments were made in 1842, during periods of slight
change, which shewed, after turning the torsion circle a few degrees in different di-
rections, that on recurring to the original value of v, the scale readings were unaltered.

In altering v, the value of the scale divisions, and the unit of force are also
changed ; it is therefore necessary to reduce the observations to a common unit.
Let 8 be the small angle through which the torsion circle is turned, then v becomes

v=v=s. IfmX=F,W > =G, the equations of equilibrium for the two posi-

tions are

F=Gsinv “= 90% (1.)
FY = Gisin @ =H Aw) (2.)
cos Av.

Subtracting (1) from (2), and dividing by (1),
F—F_ aF_ sinv—sinv , cosv
EG) oe aetery sin v ~~ sine

INTRODUCTION. XXV

If n be the number of scale divisions from the zero or reading for w = 90°, when
uv =v+f, N the number from the zero, for the same force, if v had its normal
value, then 1

sin v’ — sin v Hi ICON v

Ne =En ;
& COS U cos v

or adapting the first constant to logarithmic computation,

Be
=i ope (o+§) +n er
a COS D 2 cos v
=A+nB.

6 is considered negative when v is diminished, and m is negative when the reading
is below the zero.
The following are the values of 8, A, and B, used in reducing the extra obser-

vations :—

TABLE 9.—Constants for the Reduction of Observations after altering the reading
of the Torsion Circle.

Periods to which the quantities

or

ooocococo .

+0
+6
+4
+3
+5
+3
+2
-—0

or

I
to
bo
to
on

July 2 10 16— 2 13

ADJUSTMENTS.

29. The scale of the collimator contains 280 divisions with the graduation at 300.
Determination of the angular value of 1 scale division :—

MAG. AND MET. OBS., VOL. I. g

XXV1 INTRODUCTION.

TABLE 10.—Value of the Bifilar Magnetometer Scale Divisions.

Scale Theodolite Scale Theodolite Value of 50
Division. Reading. Division. Reading. Scale Divisions.

ayn
4 20
9
3 57
3 46 &
3 35

5
B)
5
4
4
4:

Mean value of 1 Scale Division 1/1233.

30. June 23. 1841. A number of observations were made, following the
directions of the Report of the Royal Society, which were rendered valueless by
various accidental causes, but chiefly from an extreme idea of the extent of accuracy
to be expected in the adjustments, and probably from the changes in the horizontal
force being considerable at the time. The collimator was also sometimes moved
accidentally during the adjustment.

A silver wire having been prepared, and the extremities attached to the suspen-
sion roller, the grooved wheel, No. 8, whose diameter = 0-409 inch, was inserted, and
the stirrup with a brass weight appended. The zero of the micrometer head of the
bifilar screw being equivalent to an interval of half an inch, and each of its divisions

=. : 0-500 — 0-409
= 0-0005194 inch, —)o9o5i94 —
the micrometer head was turned back, in order to equalize the intervals above and

= 175 was the number of divisions through which

below.
The weight being now removed, and the magnet inserted, it was found necessary
to turn the torsion circle through 159°, to deflect the magnet to a position at right

angles to the meridian. From eq. (1) = = sin v= cos 159°=0-93.

This wheel was retained.

The magnet was nearly in the magnetic meridian when the torsion circle read
268° 54’; the scale reading was then 118-0.

The magnet was removed and the brass weight suspended, when the scale read

89:0. Approximately equation (1) becomes F w = Gv, whence w + ¢ = (5 + 1) v

v = (118—89) 11233 = 33’.

1:93 33'= 67"

ae

The arms of the torsion circle were turned 1° 7’. Torsion circle reading 270° 1’
Seale reading with weight attached, 149.

magnet . . 152.

U+tv=

INTRODUCTION. XXvVil

June 244. After several trials, the plane of detorsion and the magnetic meri-
dian were found to coincide when the torsion circle read 269° 56’. .

The weight being attached, the arm of the torsion circle was turned 90°—its
reading being then 359° 56’; the collimator was turned by its independent moticn
till the scale read 130". The magnet being substituted, N. pole East, it was found
requisite to turn the arms of the torsion circle 70° 4’, to make the scale again read
130*”.

Magnet at right angles to magnetic meridian. Scale reading 1304. Torsion
circle reading 70° 0’.

v=70 4 a«a=1'1233 = -0003268 in parts of radius & = « cot v = 0-000185

In this position of the magnet, N. pole towards the east, increasing scale read-
ings indicated decreasing force, this has been reversed in the reduced observations,
which were subtracted from a constant quantity.

July 294. The bifilar was readjusted, the N. pole of the magnet being directed
to the west, in order that increasing readings may indicate increasing force.

The plane of detorsion and magnetic meridian coincided when the torsion circle
read 269° 52’. The brass weight being suspended, the arms of the torsion circle
were turned 90°; circle reading 179° 52’. The collimator scale was made to read
153°3°". The weight being removed, and the magnet substituted, the arms of the
torsion circle were turned 65° 2’; circle reading 114° 50’; the scale reading was
153*".

v = 65° 2’, k = 0:0001185

Sept. 71. The readings of the scale being always considerably above the zero
division (153), the arms of the torsion circle were turned 50’; the circle reading 114° 9.

v = 65° 52) & = 00001464.

Mr RussELu could not make any conjecture as to the difference between the
values of v, obtained June 24¢ and July 29%. Professor Luoyp, with whom he
communicated, suggested a twist in the wires as the probable cause ; this Mr Rus-
SELL found to be the case.

Oct. 1°. When the magnet was removed, and the weight suspended, afterwards
the weight and collimator being lifted off the grooved wheel, the wires turned
sharply round towards the east.

The old wire was removed, and great pains taken to obtain one free of twist ;
six wires were, in succession, rejected; for, though prepared with great care, very
different values of v were obtained, according as the magnet was placed with its
N. pole easterly or westerly. After much trouble and trials in every way, a wire
was got which gave satisfactory results after pegging the extremities and winding
up (fertile sources of twist). The wires kept nearly the same position with light

XXVill INTRODUCTION.

and heavy weights, and the value of v with the N. pole of the magnet in opposite
directions did not differ 1°—as near a coincidence as seems attainable.
Plane of detorsion coinciding with magnetic meridian, circle reading, 88° 16’.
Weight attached, arms of circle turned 90°, circle reading, 358° 16’.
Scale made to read, 150°8"".
Magnet inserted, the scale read 150".
When the torsion circle was made to read, 290° 0’.

v = 63°16, k = 0-0001303.

Oct. 204, The general readings of the scale having so increased as to render
the middle of the scale (150) no longer the mean position, the arms of the torsion
circle were turned 50’. Circle reading 289° 10’.

v = 69° 6’, k = 0:0001248.
31. The time of each vibration of the bifilar magnet had been determined by

Mr RussExx to be about 25 seconds; his observations are not recorded.
The following observations were made.

June 25% 8°,
Mean of 7 estimations, 26-00

4 aoe 26:32
5 ae 26°63
4 500 27:03
7 ais 26°40

Mean of all, 1 vibration=26s,48.

July 16° 6".
Mean of 8 vibrations, 26-25
6 S03 26-17
8 < 26-18

Mean of all, 1 vibration = 26.20.

The above vibrations were obtained by means of an iron key. Observations
when the magnet was vibrating naturally gave a result of 25 seconds.

July 18" 20". Observations during a natural vibration :

14 vibrations, 8552 } vihentionsy 2:57
20 ce BS lieu cmun 26:55

In each of these only two estimations were made, one at the commencement,
and one at the termination. ‘The last set is not considered good, as the vibration
had nearly ceased when the last estimation was made.

INTRODUCTION. XX1X

August 22" 20". There being a considerable natural vibration of the bifilar
magnet, with little or no change of mean position, the following estimations were
made at the extremities of the ares.

5 Vibrations. Mean.
7 33-0 9 350 2 20
7 56:0 10 0-0 2 40
, 2m 25-9
8 22:0 10 25:0 2 3:0
8 47°5 10 49-5 2 20
9 10:5 11 140 2 35

Mean, 1 vibration = 24s-58.

The are of vibration was 11’ during the first 9 vibrations, 9’ at the 10th, and at the
end of the 11th the magnet stopped.
Oct. 8° 3". The magnet vibrated by a knife.
2 estimations, mean of 4 vibrations, 1 vibration 255-22
2 So Ree rc ove 1 -- 26528

8 estimations, as below.

¥ 3 Vibrations, Mean,
16-2 35:0 78:8
42:8 0°5 777 :
8:8 27-0 78-2 iat
35:0 530 78:0

1 vibration = 26:06.

Oct. 11% 23. Natural vibration.
2 estimations, mean of 11 vibrations, 1 vibration 25:18.

255 was used throughout in the observations.

32. The point of the scale coinciding with the vertical wire of the fixed tele-
scope is estimated to a tenth of a division, at 25° before the minute of observation,
at the minute, and 25° after it ; the mean is deduced, as in the declination, from the

a+2b6+e

formula —j—, a, 6, and ¢ being the three readings.

The mean thus obtained is corrected to the temperature of 26° Fahr., this
being below the lowest temperature which has occurred within the observatory. A
constant quantity of 300:0 has been added to all the readings, in order that the
mean readings might be about 500; in this case the greatest changes will be con-
tained within 0 and 1000.

The values of 1 scale-division, in parts of the whole horizontal force, are given
beneath ; they are also given at the foot of each page of the Daily Observations of
Magnetometers.

Tables have been formed giving the temperature-correction for every tenth of
a degree Fahr. to a tenth of a scale-division, from the formula

MAG. AND MET. OBS. VOL. I. h

XXX INTRODUCTION.

SED] fe)
ah, (7 + 2¢—¢) +300-0

The adopted value of g=0-000294. See § 6.
e=0000103 e’=:0000106.

TABLE 11.—Values of & and gq for the Bifilar Magnetometer, and the periods to
which they apply.

Pericds to which the Values apply. Value of k. Value of q.

1841.
a. hh. dy ihe
July 11 20—July 0.0001185

Aug. 4 20—Sept. 0.0001522
Se t. 7 20—Sept. ¢ 0.0001464
Oct. 6 20—Oct. 0.0001303
Oct. 19 23—Dec. 5)
and during 1842 Onno tes

33. AsI have had much doubt of the exactness of the values of an T have

in all cases given the temperatures along with the corrected observations, so that
each magnetician may have it in his power to apply a more accurate correction, if
such is to be found,

: : ; Am :
It is obvious that, supposing the value of 4” to be well determined, the accu-
Mm

racy of the corrections will depend on the temperature of the magnet being well
ascertained.

The error in the observations of the scale will be generally less than 0-1 scale-
division ; the error in reading the thermometer may be 0”1 Fahr.; the consequent
error in correction may, therefore, be upwards of 0-2 scale-division.

The thermometer, by Ross, has a bulb 0-5 inch in diameter ; it is inclosed in a
glass tube, open at the bulb, which fits into the lid of the magnetometer-box, leay-
ing the stem and scale above, and the bulb below. The box, like that of the Declino-
meter, was not well closed, and it was soon evident that during a rapid rise or fall of
temperature, the thermometer would indicate more or less than the temperature of
the magnet.

The fire lighted in the morning, during the winter months, conspired with the
temperature of the day to make the increase more rapid than it would otherwise
have been; and there is little doubt that the indications of the thermometer would
frequently exceed the temperature of the magnet by 1°-0 Fahr.

In 1843, having formed inner boxes, and had the whole well closed, Messrs

INTRODUCTION. XXXI

ADIE and Son were desired to make a thermometer, whose bulb rested in a cup in
a brass bar of the same dimensions as the magnet, and covered loosely by a small
brass cap.* The following comparisons were made of the indications of the two
thermometers, the box being in its original state, and the rise of temperature con-
siderable.

TABLE 12.—Comparisons of the Thermometers with the Bulb free, and with the
Bulb in a brass cup.

|
Géttingen | Thermometer. Tikeconee:
Mean Time, |
Loss. Adie.
1844. 3 3 °
da: ie
Jan. 2 21 30-9 30-7 0-2
22 31-3 31-0 0:3
23 319 31-5 04
0 33.9 33-0 0-9
1 38.9 37-6 1-3
2 42-3 410 1-3
3 44-7 43.0 1-7
4 45-6 44.0 1-6
5 45-9 44-5 1-4
6 46-0 44.9 1-1
7 46:1 45.0 1-1
8 45-9 44.9 1-0
11 450 44.3 0-7

34. No observations have been made to determine the effect of the copper ring
or damper. It must, however, be small.

During terms, and generally during magnetic disturbances, the temperature is
noted at the beginning of each hour; the corrections for observations between the
hours are interpolated from those at the beginning of the hours.

ABSOLUTE HorIzonTaL INTENSITY.

35. An observation of absolute horizontal intensity was made by Mr Russet,
March 26. 1842. It is given, page 66, with the particulars of reduction.

As there was no extra declinometer, it was necessary to endeavour to eliminate
the changes of declination, by reversing the magnet. On account of the imperfec-

tions of this method, no other observations were made till 1843, when an extra in-
strument was obtained.

* It was my original intention to enclose the bulb of the thermometer in a metallic capsule (from
which this differs little), but it was difficult to determine the thickness of the capsule. Professor
Lioyp, to whom I wrote, informed me that he had already adopted the precaution, having obtained a
brass bar of the dimensions of the magnet, containing a small iron cup with mercury,

in which the
bulb of the thermometer was placed.

XXXil INTRODUCTION.

§ 5. BALANCE oR VERTICAL ForcE MAGNETOMETER.

36. The Balance Magnetometer is by Ropinson of London. It is composed
of a needle 12 inches long, and about 1 inch broad, with knife-edge axle, resting on
agate planes ; at the extremities of the needle are brass rings, each carrying a cross
of spider’s threads. The needle is placed horizontally, at right angles to the mag-
netic meridian It is accurately adjusted by means of two fine brass screws; one
working horizontally towards one extremity balances the needle, the other near the
other extremity, working vertically, regulates its sensibility.

The apparatus is covered by a rectangular box, having glazed openings on two
sides, opposite the spider’s crosses; those on one side allowing light to be thrown
on the crosses from two small mirrors, those on the other for viewing them, and
determining their position, which is done accurately by means of microscopes car-
rying micrometers. There is a thermometer within the box for giving the tempe-
rature of the magnet.

37. If m be the moment of free magnetism of the needle, Y the vertical com-
ponent of the earth’s magnetic force, W the weight of the needle, g the distance
from the centre of motion to the centre of gravity, € the angle contained by the line
joining these two centres, and the magnetic axis of the needle on the horizontal, the
magnetic axis being at right angles to the plane of the magnetic meridian; then the
equation of equilibrium is

mY = Wg cose
Whence differentiating the equation and dividing by it
— = tan e€Ae — ae
Yj m

a, or the varying angle which the magnetic axis makes with the horizontal, is
; : 3 ; Am ;
obtained from observations with the micrometer ; for —, See section on temperature

correction.
It is conceived that € cannot be determined with accuracy by the practical
method of inversion, and Dr Luoyp has shewn that it may be obtained from the

following formula :
"2

tan € = cot TE}

T’ and T being the times of one vibration, the former in the horizontal plane,
the latter in the vertical plane, and 4 the magnetic dip.

38. Adjustments, &c.

June 16, 17, 1841. Experiments were made to determine thie effect of tem-
perature on the balance magnet. See subsequent section.

39. Values, in are, of the divisions of the micrometer heads. A brass needle

INTRODUCTION. XXXlli

with scales, at the same distance from the centre as the spider’s crosses in the mag-
net, and graduated to 10’, was placed on the agate planes of the support, and the
moveable wires brought to coincide with the graduated lines of the seale, the mi-
crometer heads being read at each coincidence.

TABLE 13.—Determination of the value of one division of the Micrometer Heads
of the Balance Magnetometer, June 21. 1841.

Left Hand Micrometer. Right Hand Micrometer.

Reading of | | Reading of | Micrometer Reading of Reading of | Micrometer
Micrometer| Scale. | Micrometer] Divisions || Micrometer| Scale. | Micrometer] Divisions
Head. Head. in 60’. Head. Head. in 60’.

Mie. Div. | Mie. Div. Mic. Div. Mice. Div. Mic. Div. Mic. Div.
16-5 | 614-5 598-0 16-0 613-8 597-8
116-5 714-5 598-0 116-0 713-9 597-9
216-3 813-9 597-6 2151 813-4 598-3
316-0 913-5 597-5 314-8 913-1 598-3
416-0 1013-4 597-4 414.4 1013-0 598-6
515-7 1113-0 597-3 514-3 1112.7 598-4

Mean value of 1 Division, Left Micrometer, : i 071004
wes Right ae : ‘ : 071003

Another Series, August 30. 1841.

Left Hand Micrometer. Right Hand Micrometer.

Reading of Reading of | Micrometer Reading of Reading of | Micrometer
Micrometer Micrometer} Divisions Micrometer Micrometer| Divisions
Head. Head. in 40’. Head. Head. in 40’.

Mic. Div. Mic. Div. Mic. Div. Mie. Div. Mic, Div.
19-0 417-8 398-8 45-0 446-7
117-5 517-4 399-9 | 145-2 547-1
216-2 616-9 400-7 246-6 647-3
319-1 716-3 397-2 | 345-0 747-8
19-5 418-8 399-3 44-9 446-3
117-4 518-2 400.8 145-9 547-6
217-0 j 616-7 399-7 | 246-0 647.4
319-4 716-3 396-9 345-9 747-8

Mean value of | Division, Left Hand Micrometer, p : 071002
ie 2 Right be : ; 07-0996

Observations made Nov. 23. 1843, gave a mean value for both Micrometers

1¢ = 071006; this was joined to the above, and the mean of the whole 14 = 01003
adopted.

MAG. AND. MET. OBS., VOL. I.

2.

XXX1V INTRODUCTION.

June 21. 1841. The balance magnetometer was adjusted with the aid of a
horizontal needle and Karer’s compass, so that the magnet of the instrument
should be at right angles to the magnetic meridian; the magnet was balanced and
its sensibility adjusted by the small screws, and the fixed wires of the microscopes
were made to be in the same horizontal plane.

The crosses of gold wire were found loose, and it was necessary to substitute
fibres of silk till July 2, when Mr J. Ante inserted silver wires. It was not
found necessary to readjust the magnet, the bisection of the crosses being sufficiently
horizontal.

July 6. 1841. A difference of ten micrometer divisions was observed between
the readings of the two micrometers, due to the line j oining the crosses not passing
through the centre of motion.

After July 26. 1841, the north pole of the magnet was towards the east ;
before that date it was towards the west.

40. Determination of the deviation of the line joining the bisection crosses
from the magnetic axis.

For this purpose the needle is reversed on its support ; half the difference of
the readings in the two positions is the deviation.

TABLE 14.—Observations to determine the deviation of the line joining the Bisection Crosses
from the Magnetic Axis of the Balance Needle.

July 27. 1841. July 27. 1841. Sept. 1. 1841. ote 2, 1841. Jan. 11. 1842.

|

-|| Mean of Mean of | Mean of | Mean of Mean of | Mean of || Mean of | Mea | || Mean of | Mean of

Two Alter- Diff. || ‘two | Alter- iff. 'Two Alter- iff. || Two Alver- | Diff. Two Alter-
Microm. |nate Two. i} Microm. |nate Two | Microm. |nate Two. |, Mierom. |} 12 wo. | Microm. |nate Two.
| | Al | a | |

—15:0 —120
| 4+ 227°5 2 || —56:5 | — 13:7 8 || —286
—12:3 34 2 9 || — 72
—71'8 | —23-2 "6 || —242
— 34-2 | — 96
5 | : 58 || aio
Ube 7 || eaves

—195'1 |4 70:5
+1186 31] 306-7 | +370-7|+ 60-2
—1811 *9| 282-0] + 49-9 | + 356-8
|+ 88:1|—235-1] 318-4 |/+343-:0|+ 46:8
|—289:0|+ 27-7] 316-7 le (438 | +3210
|— 27-8 2989] + 255
| 73 |

t+ tee ttt

July 27.1841. Ist Series, Mean deviation, 153-0 ) Correction for deviation, N. pole
BN ees ZO SeLIeSn 5, ion ot ers | LEG: Cast, «psc. wo DD)

Sept. 1. ... EE) ca Oey vey Se mish yy AIP Tf : x
OR a ten: 9" Cae SRR LO ae 2st} ax, ee + a ee
sl ft, URS el n~. 5 TR etroer oe « 2:0 co es |. oe

The first series of observations, July 27. 1841, giving some reason to conclude
that the magnet, on reversal, found different bearing points, the supports of the in-
strument were examined ; the marble base was found quite level, but the south agate

Diff.

INTRODUCTION. XXXV

plane higher than the other; the north agate plane was also inclined to the west,
and the south agate plane slightly inclined to the east.

In the second series, July 27. 1841, each reading is the mean of two observa-
tions, for each of which the needle was lifted. After this observation, the horizontal
screw was moved till the readings became about — 150-0; the north pole of the
magnet being turned east.

The correction for deviation of the line joining the crosses from the magnetic
axis has not been applied.

Aug. 30.1841. Mr Sms, of London, adjusted the agate planes of the balance
magnetometer. They do not, however, seem to be perfect planes, but have a slight
degree of convexity in the centre. Mr Srus also inserted spider’s threads for the
bisection crosses, instead of the silver wire; the reading micrometers were adjusted
at the same time.

41. Vibration of the balance magnet in a horizontal plane.

The magnet was attached to the suspension thread of the declinometer by
means of a light stirrup of ecard in the first four observations, and of the same silk
as the suspension thread on the other occasions. A small piece of wire in the first
four observations, and of paper afterwards, was gummed to the extremity of the
needle, and the times of passing the wire of the fixed telescope were noted. The
corrected time T’ is deduced from the observed time of vibration ¢, by the formula

The value of 2 for the balance magnet is deduced from that of = for the de-

clination magnet, in multiplying the latter by the coefficient.

Force of Declination Magnet
2 Force of Balance Magnet.

TABLE 15—Values of T’, the Time of Vibration of the Balance Needle in a Horizontal Plane..

i Semi-Are. Time of one Vibration.
Number Number bs
f of —
Dei. fej: Vibra- || , 3 ° Corrected for |Vorrected for
Hionk: Hana ommencing.| Ending. Observed. Monson Torsion and
Are.
° r ° , s. s. Ss.
July 6.1841 28 28 11-920 11.950? 11-950 ?
Aug. 3.1841 16 144 11-980 12010 12-000 ?
Sept. 4. 1841 12 128 11-930 11-962 11-952?
Jan. 11. 1842 6 150 11-969 11-998 11-986 ?
Aug. 24. 1843 28 120 8 0 2 0 11965 12012 12.008
Sept. 4. 1843 40 190 2 30 3°40 11-978 12.026 12-017
Jan. 27.1844 16 70 9 30 3 30 11-959 12.007 11-999

XXXVI INTRODUCTION.

42. Vibration of the balance magnet in the vertical plane.

The needle being in its usual position on the supports, the moveable wire of
the left micrometer is made to bisect the spider cross ; the needle is then vibrated,
by means of a small piece of iron, through an angle, varying from 10/ to 5’, and the
periods of the cross passing the wire estimated.

TABLE 16.—Values of T, the Time of Vibration of the Balance Needle in a Vertical Plane.

Time of one Vibration.
Number Adopted
Date. of Mean. Remarks.
Vibrations.) Observed. Adopted.
a h 8. 3. 8.
1841.
July 6 0 10 10-72 10-60 10-6
Adjustment, &c., after July 23°.
Aug. 3 4 48 10-25)
10-04 10-0
Aug. 3 4 54 10-17 —_______|| {August 30°. Agate planes adjusted, and
spider’s lines inserted instead of silver wires.
Sept. 4 5 || 36 10-83
Sept. 4 5 84 10:69 + 10-63
Sept. 4 5 96 10-61 10-6
Sept.27 5 || 44 10-69 get
Sept. 27 5 66 aes aes
Oct. 2° 24, Needle reversed to determine
Oct. 2 4 42 11-07 11-06 the deviation of the crosses.
Oct. 2 4 54 11-09
Oct. 16 4 || 56 11-08 ae
Oct. 16 4 34 11-03 11-0
Oct. 29 4 50 11-03 11-00
Nov. 20 3 80 10-99 10-97
Dec. 3 4 18 11-00
Dec. 3 4 60 eat igs
1842.
Jan. 1°, &c. Needle removed in order to
Jan. 15 5 38 10-70 10-66 10-6 determine its temperature correction.
Jan. 29 5 46 10-32 10-30
Hebe 12 5 30 10 15
Feb, 12 5 | 57 HA LOS
Mar. 5 6 63 10-34 10-32 10-1
Mar. 19 5 48 10-15
Mar. 19 53) 42 eee roe
March 22°. Needle vibrated excessively
Apr. 2 6] 68 11-02 10-96 by iron brought near it by visitors.
Apr. 9 5 56 10-94 10-94 11-0
Apr. 16 0 60 11-02 10-96
Apr. 23 0 36 10-77)
Apr 23 0 36 10-72> 10-64
Apr. 23 0|| 30 10-82
June 20 6 50 10-65
June 20 6 40 eel a
June 25 8 30 10-58)
June25 8|| 50 10-59) AUS
July 16 6 50 10.46 10-42 10-5

INTRODUCTION.

TABLE 16—continued.

XXXVi1

Time of one Vibration.
Number Adopted
Date. of Ronee
Vibrations.) Observed. Adopted.
d. h. s 8 Ss.
1842.
Aug. 2 8 30 10-42 10-40
Aug. 13 8 40 10-44 10-42
Sept. 7 23 || 20 10-52
Sept 7 23 10 10-47 10-45
Sept. 7.23 20 10-54
Sept. 24 5 40 10-55 10-44
Oct. 8 2 30 10-39
Oct. 8 2 20 oa 10-30
Oct: 8 2 20 10-36
Oct. 31 2 10 10-07
Oct. 31 2 30 10-19
Oct. 31 2] 20 ia 2:88
Oct. 31 2 10 9-96
Nov. 10 20 20 meh 10-33
Nov. 10 20 20 10-35
Nov. 18 23 20 i 10-00
Nov. 18 23 10 9-96 10.0
Dec. 8 3 20 ena 9.98
Dec. 8 3 20 10-04
Dec. 20 2 20 10-05
Dec. 20 2 10 10-03 10-02
Dec. 20 2 10 9.98)
Dec. 31 2 10 9-75
Dec. 31 2 10 9-84 9-77
Dec. 31 2 20 9-84

Remarks,

Noy. 10¢ 64. Needle vibrated accidentally
by steel compasses.

The adopted time of vibration has been obtained from the last observations in
each series, and differs slightly from the observed time of the whole series.

TABLE 17.—Effect of the Bifilar. and Declination Magnets on the Balance Magnet.

Declination.

North End of
Magnet.

Second Series.

First Series.
eines Effect of Magnet. Tata
STEN | MeMETES | pecluatiin: | Bidlan,
Mic. Div. Mie. Div. Mic. Div. Mic. Diy.
W. — 188-0 + 231-8
W. — 188-3 0-2. +231-8
W. — 187-7 + 232-1
E. — 183-5 3-4 + 234-2
W. — 186-1 + 233-0

Reading.
ee Declination, | Bifilar.

Effect of Magnet.

Mic. Div.

Mic. Diy.

0-1

1:7

The position of the Balance Needle was altered for the second series of obser-

vations.

43. Observations and reductions.
MAG. AND MET. OBS. VOL. I. ,

k

XXXVIil INTRODUCTION.

The moveable wires of the two micrometers are made to bisect the crosses of
the magnet, the interval between the bisections being the time of the needle’s vibra-
tion in the vertical plane, 10s was used ; the first comecidence was therefore 5° before,
and the second 58 after, the minute of observation.

The mean of the two readings is taken for the position of the needle.

The reading is nearly zero when the needle is horizontal. The readings increase
negatively or positively as the north pole of the needle moves above or below the
horizontal ; it is generally above it, and in this case the readings have been sub-
tracted from a constant plus the temperature correction, in order that they may
always be positive, and increase with increasing force.

44. The variations of the vertical force depend chiefly for their accurate deter-
mination on the accuracy of the value of T. There are sources of error, however,
in the determination of the latter, which are not taken account of in theory.

From several series of observations made in 1843 and 1844, I have found that
the time of vibration in the vertical plane depends on the arc of vibration to a much
greater extent than theory would allow; that it is considerably increased if the
needle have been previously vibrated through a large arc, and the effect of this large
vibration remains for a considerable period (at least some weeks), but above all it
depends on temperature. The effect of a rise of 1° Fah., is equivalent to an increase
in the time of vibration of about 0°07.

The full discussion of these observations must be reserved for another place.
It was necessary to mention them here, however, as they affect the reductions in
this volume.*

45. The observations are given in micrometer division, it was necessary, there-

Am : ey
fore, to reduce the value of —, +0 Micrometer divisions, for the purpose of correc-

tion. The values of T have been placed in groups, and a mean value taken for the
period to which the group belongs.

If n be the number of micrometer divisions, « the arc value of one in parts of
radius, the equation of equilibrium becomes

AY peigatidee pe
a T2 mm
A a
“Y acotéT2 4m acotéT”?
at bie A A
The values of K=a rr of g=-— -* t being the number of degrees from

the assumed zero, and the corresponding value of Z or the values of g, in micrometer

* See a paper, entitled “The Balance Magnetometer and its Temperature Correction,” in the
Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Volume xvi., Part i.

INTRODUCTION. XXXiX

divisions, are given, with the periods to which they apply, in the following table,
and at the foot of each page of the Daily Observations.
The adopted value of
6= 71° 12’.
See section 7.

TABLE 18.—Values of & and g for the Balance Magnetometer, and the periods to which
they apply.

Periods to which the Quantities

apply. Value of k, Value of g.

1841. Mic. Div.
4d.

ad. oh. . he
July 11 20—July 0:0000127 5-74
Aug.

4 20—Aug. 0-0000143 5-10
Sept. 5 20—Sept. 0-0000127 5-74
Oct. 6 20—Nov. 0-0000118 6-20

1842.
Jan, 12 20—Jan. 0-0000127 5-74
Jan. 23 20—March 21 0-0000140 5:20
March 21 20—April 16 0-0000118 6-20
April 17 20—Oct. 8 0-0000130 5-60
Oct. 9 20—Dec. 31 0-0000143 5-10

§ 6. OBSERVATIONS FOR THE TEMPERATURE CORRECTIONS OF THE BIFILAR AND
BALANCE MAGNETS.

46. June 16. 1841.—Experiments were made to determine the effect of tempera-
ture on the bifilar and balance magnets. For this purpose, the magnet was placed
in a copper trough, and surrounded with ice, or water of the desired temperature.
The trough was placed on a stand upwards of 5 feet east of the declination instru-
ment, so that the axis of the magnet should be at right angles to that of the decli-
nometer. A thermometer was placed in the trough beside the magnet. Seven
readings of the declinometer were made in each of the following positions, N. pole E.,
N. pole W., N. pole E., in order to eliminate the changes of declination. The ob-
servations are not worth recording, owing to the imperfections of the method ; the
following is the final result for the bifilar magnetometer, g = 0-000353.

January 1, 2, &c., 1842. Experiments were made on the balance magnet. The
same method was adopted as on June 16, excepting that the balance needle was placed
nearer the suspended magnet (within 4 feet); that the needle was repeatedly re-
versed, and the bifilar magnetometer observed during the experiments.

The discordances of partial results were so great, that only the final result is

given here,
q = 00001283.

xl INTRODUCTION.

It was evident that no good result could be obtained without an extra de¢lino-
meter, owing to the necessity of reversing the needle, in order to eliminate the
changes of declination, when the slightest alteration of position would have far more
effect than the greatest change of temperature.

47. Having had a small wooden house erected at some distance from the Ob-
servatory, and having formed an extra or unifilar magnetometer, observations were
made to determine the temperature corrections, according to the method recom-
mended in the “ Revised Instructions,” by the Committee of the Royal Society.

The magnets were placed in a copper trough, as in the previous observations,
and the temperature varied by means of ice and water of different temperatures.
The declination magnet was observed at the same seconds as the deflected magnet,
and the bifilar immediately before and after each temperature.

Owing to the small deflection, the observations on the first day were valueless,
and are not given here. The centre of the balance magnet was placed afterwards
at a distance of about 3 feet from the suspended magnet.

48. The following tables contain the observations.

The results in the last column are obtained from the formula

=3 _u—u,—r d—d, , & (6—b)
aa’, D (¢—4) t—t,
where u and w, are the unifilar readings, d and d) the declinometer readings, 6 and by
the bifilar magnetometer readings at the temperatures ¢ and 4 of the deflecting
magnet ; D the mean deflection ; r the coefficient for reducing the declinometer scale
divisions to those of the unifilar ; and & the value of the bifilar magnetometer scale
divisions, in parts of the whole horizontal force.

During the observations for the temperature correction of the bifilar magnet,
another magnet was substituted for the bifilar magnetometer ; for it

k = 0:0002263 ;
during the observations for the balance magnet, the following were the values of K

Aug. 234 1843,
Sept. 1 1843, +z=0-0001204 Nov: 38 ibid, } #=0-0001800.
Sept. 2 1843, aes 2

Owing probably to currents of air, the difference of the declinometer and
unifilar scale readings at the beginning and end of the series Aug. 23, 24, and 31,
Table 20, had varied considerably. The change was supposed uniform ; and the
declinometer readings adopted are those interpolated for the change.

INTRODUCTION. xli

TABLE 19.—Observations to determine the Temperature Correction of the Bifilar Magnet.

Reading are
en Tempera- Reading jof Declino-| u—w aa
Gottingen ture of Pia Gee 0) | MR eA BRO YT
Mean Time. ‘file EM. aoe meter minus i —Q.
Bifilar Unifilar. | reduced | »(g—q),| Readin Thermo-
(d—d,) g
Magnet. =rd. | Corrected.| meter.
h. co s Se. Div. Se. Div. Se. Div. Se. Div. .
0 Magnet |Away. | 260-69 | 153-86
sO 4 | ¥
0 34-97 29.63 7-72 : 154-20 1-90 | 149-21 36-7 —0-000326
1 57-60 10-11 “| 154-69 ~~ | 150-07 | 36:8 ;
20-45 Sry) -- 0-000296
1 78:05 10:85 | 153-86 150-99 | 36-9 #s
1 60:72) | 2283 agtoe | 1405 | P28. | a5r18: | ago | eo e0e2et
a5:10 9) Cocoon iss fT 688. \. y51.98 || aga | pe oeenees
= 35-10 | 99.70 ee iG iyi pee Bee ae —0-000283
2 57-80 12:05 | 156-28 151-30 | 37-5 5
2 sito | eed | 156739 0222 | 45071 | ang | 7 Or000ss2
3 SO SUE eee ea 88 | 156-60 L228 lvasacagi|)<aygr | 0008
i 23-53 Sa fii pees a — 0:000246
3 35-97 11-96 | 157-05 zz | 155-13 | 381
21-58 : Z sacs) [ee —0-000282
3 57-55 13-55 | 157-09 155-64 | 38-4 ae
23-80 = ihre . | —0-000342
3 81-35 : 15-77 | 157-58 154-66 | 38-6
22.30| -: — 1.38 espe 2o-) | 0.000258
4 59-05 13-84 | 157-03 = | 155-78 | 38-7
4 35-25 | 22°80) jo54 | 157-78 | 729 | 155.77 | 38-8 pone
“22 | 34.40 SoA OVO |e ee cat —0-000315
4 69:65 | 35.99| 15:40 | 157-92 | ~ 55 | 155-67 | 388 | 6 o90319
5 34-65 13-14 | 158-49 155-31 | 38-9
5 Magnet |Away. | 266-39 158-76
17 || Magnet ;Away. | 265-41 | 157-84
9 23 49|| 33-65 9:17 | 156-90 149-65 | 38-1
10 0 8] s9-12 | 3°42) 10-55 | 1s6-67 | ~1'6) | 150-18 | aga | ~Op00eke
0 29] 80-60 | to72| 11-78 | 156-33 a7 | 160-60.) 38:5 | _ o.qq0993
0 45] 61-85 10-39 | 156-31 | — 150-92 | 38-6 ;
: 26-55 = SSNS 2 | —0-000271
1 5| 35-30 | 55 .49| 7-97 | 155-66 1.69 | 15186 | 38-7 0.000275
1 229)! 58:90 (| 72 Gq) 9:87 | 15587 | 145 | 15262 | 388 | 7 sanosie
1 37] 77-50 11-36 | 155-88 | — 15282 | 38-8 ;
20-90 —1-61 ; —0:000308
155] 56-60 | 55.39| 9:93 | 156-06 1.65 | 19313 | 389° | 7 gp qooo9s
211] 34-50 | 56 g5| 8:12 | 155-90 | ~ J'on | 153-11 38:9 | — 5.000985
228] 61-35 10-38 | 156-20 | ~ 153-52 39-0 :
2 46) 93.50) o-'5,| 1243 | 15650} 1°08 | isa7a | 390 | 7 Oonooee
3 3} 57-90 | o745| 10:84 | 156-79 | ~ 136 | 15251 | 391 | — 4 oo0329
3 20] 35-75 | 55 .99| 9:02 | 156-83 | “14g | 150-84 | 39:2 | — 5 o99936
338] 58-65 10-14 | 156-47 152-76 | 39-4 :
20-10 — 1-96 —0:000385
3 57|| 78-75 13-35 | 157-72 ‘ 152-75 | 39-6
42-50 —3-19 : —0-000291
4 18] 36-25 | 555| 10-20 | 157-76 | 5.5 | 151-65 | 39-7 0.000294
4 43] 68-30 °) 12.85 | 157-91 153-49 | 39:3 | —
4 55 Magnet |Away. | 264-91 157-65

49. The mean of the partial results, November 9, is Q=0-0002979.
Wan ee Bedtvins- socialism Geri aan--avi LO, 18: O= 00002954
The mean of all the partial results is Q=0-0002945.

Correction for the expansion of the silver wires and brass grooved wheel is
0:000010 (No. 32.), whence the adopted value,

q=0-000304.

MAG. AND MET. OBS. VOL. I. l

xhi

INTRODUCTION.

TABLE 20.—Observations to determine the Temperature Correction for the Balance Magnet.

Gottingen
Mean Time.

Tempe-
rature of
Balance | *—
Magnet.

Reading

Aug. 2

Aug. 24

oPKRWWWNWNNNH OO

Magnet | Away.
59-45 | 12.75
46-70 ns

66-00 | Sy?
90-00 90-00
70-00 | ~
Magnet
66:95
38-50
63-45
Magnet
66-15
87-00
62-90
37-30
69-15
Magnet

Away.
28-45
24-95

Away.
20-85
24-10
25-60
31-85

Away.

no bo to

ann PwWwwWwNnNWNneKOCoOOw wh

Sept.

WNNNK KK OOS

48

6
22
39
57
18
37
57
13
30
50
10

Magnet
60-95
42-10

Magnet
64-15
85-20
66-25
43-20
64-85
90-55
65-40
80-70
60-00
40-85
64-70
86-60
66-20
41-35
65-55
85-50
62-00

Magnet

Magnet
65-90
89-60
66-95
39-40
63-60
87-45
66-25
41-60
65-00
83-15
63-45
40:35

Away.
18-85
Away.

21-05
18-95
23-05
21-65
25-70
25-15
15-30
20-70
19-15
23-85
21-90
20-40
24-85
24-20
19-95
23-50

Away.

Away.

23-70
22-65
27-55
24-20
23-85
21-20
24-65
23-40
18-15
19-70
23-10
24-65

Reading | of Declino- Adopted MeN Bifilar.
of meter reading minus —q.
Unifilar.] reduced |0f Declino-\r(d—d,).) Reading |Thermo-
=rd. meter. corrected. | meter.
E Sc. Div. Se. Div. Se. Div. Se. Div. | Se. Diy. °
270-35| 161-48
476-03| 159-51 | 158-36 | ,_,9 | 125-30 | 53-3 f
469-02| 153-61 | 151-77 | +035 | 136-34 | 54.0 enee ae
467-06| 152-44 | 150-20 | 9.55 | 134.62 | 54-8 | — pn otn2e8
465-47| 151-41 | 14863 | 9.55 | 13556 | 55-7 | —pna00a te
462-53| 148-49 | 145-37 149-dealeszota| polo
250-98| 145-63
459-13| 145-54 | 145-86 136-57 | 60-1
463-32| 149-00 | 149.57 | ~O.on | 143-82 | 61-2 Seer ©
464-33| 150-00 | 150-78 143-58 | 62:3 | ~%
255-99| 149-76
464-19| 149-91 | 150-18 , | 145-28 | 63-8 ‘
464-08] 150-01 | 150-71 pi 155-87 | 64-4 ts
466-53| 151-51 | 152.62 | “gg, | 146-51 | 65-1 | ~ Oooo
474.77| 158-42 | 159-99 | g.g4 | 147-32 | 65-8 | ~ o Sogi905
470-58| 154-66 | 156-64 147-37 | 66-5 | —°
262-89| 154-47 .
260-23] 153-71
461-86| 150-92 | 150-62] 9.44 | 123-47 | 62-9
458-34| 147-39 | 146-91 124.88 | 63-1 | —0.0000582
250-82| 144-87
453-52| 142-97 | 120-09 | 63-9
453-42| 143-23 70 88rl 55.99, |, 64:04] oe oeees
~0-11 kee — 0-0000650
453-45| 143-15 128-72 | 64-4
aan — 0-28 —0-0000895
453-06] 142-48 F 134-44 | 64-9 s
e —0-59 —0-0000871
451-08] 141-09 142-78 | 65-0
: ~0:56 — 0-0001184
450-34] 140-91 140-30 | 65-2
: = Oeil): ~0-0000813
452-06] 141-93 128-80 | 65-4
— 0-96 = 2" | —0-0001586
449-00] 139-83 147-70 | 65-6
—0-36 —0-0000491
447-49| 137-96 141-49 | 65-7
athe =1.37 ‘s — 0-0002329
455-50| 144-60 122-78 | 65-9
aie — 1-22 —0-0000885
455-93] 146-25 154-87 | 66-0 e
2 — 0-35 —0-0001071
456-90| 147-57 0.13 | 149-65 | 66-2
af —0-43 —0-0000533
453-95| 144-19 me | 141-19 | 66-5
Q 0-35 —0-0000326
453-60| 144-19 162-14 | 66-7
40-95 * | 4.0-0000893
460-84] 150-48 141-45 | 66-9
0 H OsNiGal +0-0000288
467-10| 156-58 ieee (83017048701) 7 Vagae eee
472-23| 160-84 130-62 | 67-0
260-07 | 153-59
251-32] 145-99
466-17] 147-68 Gay | 106-84") 66:35 rae
467-63| 149-35 6 111-89 | 66-7
te — 0-36 —0-0000726
166-76] 148-12 111-42 | 67-1
Te ie —0-24 ¢ | —0-0000732
465-97 | 147-09 118-74 | 67-4
a eels aes —0-0000598
463-93 | 145-27 115-37 | 67-7
Es —0-62 14 | _ 9.0000958
145-41 120-71 | 68-0
eae: ~0-16 —0-0000720
462-73| 144-53 127-09 | 68-3
= : ~ 0-99 —0-0001282
465-04] 145-85 Oey |) 11480 ORE Men sani oge
463-26| 144-94 0.99 | 128:50 | 68-7 ‘
53. _ 0.22 —0-0000757
462-30| 144-20 22) 125-73 | 68-9 iat
oe 0-88ul ~0-0000816
462-77] 144-44 Sage | 28004) (690). oncaae
465-88] 146-78 122-56 | 69-0

—0-0000733

INTRODUCTION.

Reading

TABLE 20.—continued.

xiii

Tempe- ri = Bel BL Bifilar.
cattingen fate ot] | [eating ofDeiney wove | i
Mean Time. Balance | *—y | Uniftar.| reduced r(d—d,).| Reading |Thermo-
Magnet. =rd. corrected. | meter
d. oh. m. x ales Se. Div. Se. Diy Se. Div, vice ae
Sept. 2 3 28]| 65-00 99. 465-90| 147-08 . oP) A —0-0000891
3 45|| 87-75 | 57/2| 466-23] 147-89 | ~ poe | 120-54 | 69-0 | ~ 4 oogg67
4 3]| 66-30 | 5. 467-04] 148-43 125-39 | 69-2] 9.
26-15 ~ | —0-09 0-:0000849
4 22); 40-15 | 5. 467-95 | 149-25 140-27 | 69-4 :
25-00 — 0-26 = —0-0000626
4 44|| 65-15 23-00 468-45} 150-01 0-34 137-49 | 69-5 — 0.0000706
5 1] 88-15 | 55 75| 469-22] 151-12] 1) | 137-34 | 69-6 | 9 o901581
5 19|| 65-45 ee 473-31} 154-10 123-61 69-7 97
5 - | 26-90 % +0-14 Zee — 0-0000276
5 37|| 38-55 | 3345| 473-44] 154-37 | * 459 | 135-25 | 69-7 | _ 9 900332
5 57 || 72-00 476-52 | 157-65 133-87 | 69-7
6 13]|| Magnet | Away.}| 272-00} 162-31
Nov. 12 22 55|| Magnet | Away.| 266-58} 159-61
23 22|| 33-70 | ,. 11-37] 158-02] ,o,| 181-77 | 41-1] 9.
93 35|| 59-20 | 2°°°0] 10.72) 157-05 | O82 | 181-38 | 41-2 | ~ Oooooort
23 45]|| 80-10 29.30 10-:74| 157-02 _0-73 182-78 | 41-3 —0-0001398
23 57 || 57-80 8-56] 155-57 = 184:66 | 41-5 z
22-80 —0-51 — 0-0000836
Nov.13 0 8|] 35:00 | 1949] 7-50) 155-02 | 9.94 | 183-87 | 41-6 | ~ 9 goq9619
019] 54-90 | 9) 55| 873] 155-91] 459 | 18469 | 41-7 | ~ p.ogq0449
0 30] 78:95 | 5575| 8:99] 15587 | g4¢ | 185-60 | 41-8 | ~ 4 og9g14
0 41} 58:25 | 554-| 8-19] 155-53 184-63 | 41-9 ~
; 22.95 —0-43 a —0-0000784
0 53]} 35-30 23 7-51| 155-28 5 185-45 | 42-0 s
: 75 ~0-38 ks 5 | —0-0000443
1 7|| 59-05 | 77°55] 6:84] 154-23 | “955 | 18886 | 422 | 7 9 goggsgo
1 20|| 74-35 | 13'35| 7-23| 154-34 | 413 | 190-75 | 425 | ~ 9 ooaoi98
1 32} 56-00 7-43) 154-72 z 187-12 | 42-7 KO
21-70 ‘ — 0-65 P — 0-0001538
1 44]} 34-30 26.40 3-66} 151-60 0-45 193-11 42.9 00000888
rd =0- as 20 +O *
1 56]} 60-70 5:87) 153-36 188-72 | 43-0
= 21-05 05 arn —0-51 é —0-0000988
2 7|| 81-75 7-58 | 154-56 188-16 | 43-3
22-40 —0-16 : —0-0000299
2 18]| 59:35 | - 8-14] 155-28 188-46 | 43-6
24-50 ; —0-11 —0-0000251
2 29]|| 34-85 2 8-33 | 155-58 189-86 | 43-9
= 4-65 z — 0-66 2 —0-0000882
2 40)| 59-50 8-82] 155-41 193-12 | 44-1
21-50 —0-61 — 0-0000854
2 50}) 81-00 8-27) 154-25 197-47 | 44-3 :
23-00 E — 0-55 — 0-0000903
3 2||/ 58-00 % 7-39| 153-92 196-79 | 44-7
24-45 —0-21 ; — 0-0000150
3 14]| 33-55 7-68| 154-42 193-26 | 44-9
21-45 2 —0-44 a —0-0000511
3 26)| 55-00 29.25 4.59| 151-77 188-37 | 45-0 -
25 — 0-30 ; —0-0000618
3 37]| 84-25 | 3S: 2:84] 149-72 183-56 | 45-1 e
23-10 —0-99 —0-0001453
3 48]} 61-15 0-27| 148-14 179-40 | 45-5
27-25 —0-05 ‘ —0-0000117
3 59]} 33-90 2-58} 150-40 178-46 | 45-7
- | 23-05 — 0-25 —0-0000411
4 9) 56-95 | o045| 3:80| 151-37] o.4¢ | 178-75 | 45:8 | — 9 og90839
4 21)| 83-35 4 5-73) 152-82 S 176-38 | 45-9 SS
46-90 3 — 0-60 —0-0000653
4 38]| 36-45 ‘ 5-71| 153-40 181-76 | 46-0
36-85 —0-59 = —0-0000840
4 53|| 73-30 | 33 %49| 842] 155-52 | 9.49 | 17582 | 46-0 | — 4 gogq44g
5 18]| 34-90 10-54] 157-83 183-30 | 46-0
5 30 || Magnet | Away.| 267-75| 160-90
1844,
Jan. 27 0 16|| Magnet | Away.| 260-87] 157-22
i) 35-47 12:08} 154-78 189-43 | 45-0
1 german 202) 19:98) teaon oO? ||) 199-01 i paar Ooo OO8 SEN,
28-00 — 0-37 — 0-0000536
1 38:05 | 5439| 1359) 156-04 | 79 .3q | 189-10 | 45-0: ~ 9 googszg
1 64:37 | 57 97| 14-67| 156-73 | 4.44 | 189-54 | 45-0 | ~ 9 ooog¢99
2 37007) 5505| 121) 156-7117 7g | 290-38!) 450 | 7 9 ogni 106
2 65-05 | Se.gg| 15:30) 157-01 | 7463 | 191-25 | 45-1 | ~ 9 og90911
2 32|| 38-17 | o7 6a| 15-52] 157-86 | 9.49 | 190-43 | 45-1 | ~ 9 oqoosag
2 65-80 | 55.95| 1676| 158-70 | 4.52 | 190-39 | 45-2 | ~ 9 ogoga57

xliv INTRODUCTION.

TABLE 20—continued.

Reading F
ve Tempe- Reading |of Declino- Bifilar.
Gottingen rature of of eter

Mean Time. Balance ’ |'Tnifilar.| reduced .| Reading |Thermo-
| Magnet. —rd. corrected. | meter.

. | Se. Se. Diy. Se. Se. Div. 3

159-27 190-35 | 45-3
159-90 : 190-12 | 45-5
160-12 190-47 | 45-6
160-87 i 188-42 | 45-6
160-96 ‘ 186-50 | 45-7
160-65 RS 187-44 | 45-8
160-89 188-42 | 45-9
161-11 186-82 | 45-9
161-16 189-01 | 45-9
160-84

— 0-0000766
— 0-0000480
—0-0000625
—0-0000681
—0-0000851
—0-0000853
— 0-0000954
—0-0000650

3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5:

50. The means of the partial results on the different days were given weights
depending on the formula,

Number of partial results

(eet Mean of the squares of the partial results ménus the square of the mean

Aug. 234—244 1843. Mean of the partial results g = 0:0000845 Weight= 49

Aetie B1E Bethe va wicked, Oia Ae ce = 0:0000768 ......... = 79
Sept. 14— 2a Wh teste ne ME Sel ee = 0:0000792 oo... = 425—
Noy. 12*—134 be Sigh nice RARE dN melita q = 0:0000620 ......... = 320
Jan. 274 NOAA nants AS pas ets Boos sdeme q = 00000729... = 1157

Whence the resulting value,
q = 0-000073.

51. Having much doubt as to the accuracy and sufficiency of this method of
determining the temperature correction, and feeling its insufficiency especially in the
case of the balance magnet, where the time of vibration in a vertical plane is em-
ployed, in whatever form the corrected observations be given, [attempted to deduce
the temperature corrections from the usual daily observations in 1843 and 1844.

For the methods adopted in deducing these results, I must refer to the paper
cited, No. 44.

It is enough to mention here the final results :

For the bifilar magnet g = 0°000247 in parts of the whole horizontal force.
This value has been used in correcting the Abstracts of Results at the end of this
volume.

For the balance magnet g = 7:90 micrometer divisions.

As the observations for 1843 gave the same result for the balance magnet as
those for 1844, independently of changes of adjustment and times of vibrations, the
value of g = 7:90 Mic. div. has been applied in the abstracts of the observations.

INTRODUCTION. xlv

§ 7. INCLINOMETER.

52. The Dip Instrument is by Roprnson of London. The vertical circle, 94
inches in diameter, is divided to 10’; and 1’ is estimated with the aid of lenses at-
tached to the instrument. The horizontal circle, 6 inches in diameter, with a ver-
nier, reads to 1’. There are two needles, marked No. 1 and No. 2, and one end of
each needle is marked A, the other end, B.

Till 1843, the instrument occupied the pillar I, in the plan, next to the decli-
nometer, and it was necessary to remove the declination magnet during observations
of dip.

The reading of the horizontal circle, for the vertical circle in the magnetic
meridian, was obtained with the aid of a horizontal needle carried on a pivot, whose
arms rest on the Ys of the instrument.

53. The dipping needle is observed in four positions, with one end dipping,
namely, the circle being in the meridian, with its graduated face east and west, the
marked side of the needle being with the graduated face and from it; as each extremity
of the needle is observed, there are thus eight readings obtained. The poles being
changed, and the other end dipping, other eight readings are similarly obtained.
The mean of the sixteen readings is taken for the dip. In this volume, the mean
of each eight readings is given.

In changing the poles, the needle was placed on a small wooden block having
a hole to receive the axle, and received eight strokes on each face from two small
magnets.

The needle, No. 1, was generally used. The level of the agate planes was
occasionally verified by means of a small level. This had to be done always with
the door shut, as it is in observations ; the level varied with the door open.

54. Observations were made in different azimuths on April 18. and May 2.
1843, in order to determine the correction due to the vertical copper circle and to
the axle of the needle.

1 and »{ being the inclinations observed in two planes, at right angles to each
other, the true dip 4is deduced by the formula

cot? @ = cot? » + cot?

The following tables contain the observations and results.

In reading these observations, the circle was considered to be graduated from
0° to 180°, commencing with the right side of the horizontal diameter, counting down,
and from the left side of the same diameter, counting up.

MAG. AND MET. OBS. VOL. I. ™

xlvi INTRODUCTION.

TABLE 21.—Observations for Magnetic Dip in different Azimuths.

B Dipping. A. Dipping.

Limb E. Limb W. Limb E. Limb W.

Azimuth.

Face of Needle Face of Needle Face of Needle Face of Needle

Azimuths. n ne
30 and 120 73 30-69 80 25-62
60 --- 150 80 27-69 73 23-19

0

0 and 90 71 21-12 89 46-50
15 --- 105 71 47-19 85 0-75
30 --- 120 73 18-56 80 27-94
45 --. 135 76 27-12 76 20-12
60 --. 150 80 25-25 73 20-75
75 +» 165 84 56-87 71 47-87

In the first series, giving the observation at Azimuth 0° a value
6 =71° 12'.9; Correction for Needle No.1 = — 89
in the second series,
@=71° 9.3; Correction for Needle No.1 = — 118
In the Abstracts of Magnetic Dip the observations haye been corrected by — 12’.

INTRODUCTION. xlvii

METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS.
§ 8. BAROMETER.

55. A Mountain Barometer, by ADIE & Son, was used from July 1841 till
January 1842. The scale is engraved on the brass tube, and reads, with a vernier,
to 0.002 in.; the mercury in the limb of the cistern is adjusted at each observation
to a constant zero point ; the tube is about 0.15 inch diameter.

56. After January 1. 1842, a Standard Barometer, by Newman, was placed in
the Observatory. The diameter of the boiled tube is 0,552 in. ; the scale is attached
to a brass rod, terminating in an ivory point, which, at each observation, is made to
meet its image in the mercury of the cistern. The vernier professes to read to
0-002 in., and 0-001 may be estimated ; but the graduation is so inexact, as to give
changes in error from 0-002 to 0-003 in.

The barometer by NEWMAN was compared indirectly with the standard of the
Royal Society, London, by means of one belonging to the DuKE of ARGYLE. The
comparisons were made in London.

TABLE 23.—Comparisons of the Duke of Argyle’s Standard Barometer with the Standard
Barometer of the Royal Society of London.

Royal Society’s Standard. Duke of Argyle’s Standard. i
rror
of Duke of
T 1 Corrected to Tem- | Argyle’s
Flint Glass. Crown Glass. semper: Height. empera- | perature of R. 8. || Standard.
wares vanes Standard.

in. in. he in. ® in. in.
29-280 29-274 36-9 29-302 37-2 29-301 + 0-024
29-490 29-482 39-0 29-496 39-0 29-496 +0-010
29-462 29-454 40-0 29-460 40:6 29-458 + 0-000
29-252 29-246 41-6 29-256 42-0 29-255 + 0-006
29-366 29-358 41-3 29-372 42-0 29-370 +0-008
29-210 29-204 43-2 29-214 43-5 29-213 +0-006

The mean correction of the Duke of Argyle’s Barometer to the Royal Society’s
is — 0.009.

xlvii INTRODUCTION.

TABLE 24.—Comparisons of the Makerstoun Standard Barometer with the Duke of Argyle’s
Standard Barometer.

Makerstoun

Standard
Duke of Argyle’s Makerstoun ae

Standard. Standard. Duke of Argyle’s
Standard.

in.
30-050
29-598
29-596
29-176
29-512
29.556
29-228
29-450
29-560

The mean correction of the Makerstoun Standard Barometer to the Duke of

Argyle’s is — 0-003, and, therefore, to the Royal Society’s — 0-012.

From seventeen comparisons, the correction of AprE No. | to the Makerstoun
standard is — 0-005.

57. The observations are corrected for temperature by ScHuMACHER’s Tables,
given in the Report of the Royal Society; those of the mountain barometer are cor-
rected by the constant — 0-017, and of the standard, by — 0-012, the reduction to
the Royal Society’s standard.

The cistern is 213 feet above the level of the sea.

§ 9. THERMOMETERS.

58. The dry and wet bulb thermometers are by ApIE and Son. The bulbs
are 0-3 inch in diameter, and a tenth of a degree can be estimated on the scales.
They are placed 4 inches apart, on a wooden slab, the bulbs projecting below it.
They were placed, from July 1841 till January 22. 1842, in the middle of a wooden
case, the sides and tops of which were formed like Venetian blinds.

The case was quite open below and on the side next the observatory, the
thermometers being about 9 inches distant from the middle window, on the north
side of the observatory ; and after January 22. 1842, from the west window on the
same side.* This change was rendered necessary by the stove being brought to the
middle of the observatory.

* There is no doubt that these thermometers were placed in a bad position, being open to the
effect of radiation from the observatory. This was, to some extent, unavoidable, as there was neither
recess nor door on the north wall. Early in 1843, I had the thermometers placed on a revolving
ease, which could be turned by means of cords and pulleys from within the observatory when re-
quired, and left afterwards with a good norih exposure.

INTRODUCTION. xlix

59. The maximum and minimum register thermometers are also by ApIE
and Son. ‘These thermometers, on RUTHERFORD’S construction, were 4 feet above
the ground, near the east window, facing the north, and protected from the sun’s
rays by projecting sides of wood. The roof was of copper, till August 1842, when
one of wooden spars, shelying to the south, was substituted, as the sun shone on the
copper top at risig and setting in the summer months.

60. The thermometer of the bifilar magnetometer is by Ross of London, and
of the balance magnetometer by Roprnson.

61. The following table contains the corrections of the thermometer to a stand-
ard thermometer by NewMAN; the comparisons being made in freezing mixtures

and water.

TABLE 25.—Corrections of Thermometers to Newman’s Standard Thermometer.

Temperature. Dry. Wet. Max. Min. Bifilar. Balance.
16 -0-5 -0-5 —0-1 —6-2 +0-1 —0-2
22 —0:5 —0°5 —0-2 —0:8
32 —0-6 —0:5 -0-1 +0-1 —0-1 —0-4
43 —0-5 —0-4 —0-4 +0-2 —0:3 -- 0-6
55 -0-4 —0:3 —0-4 +03 —0:5 —0-4
61 —0-2 —01 —0-4 +0-4 —0-4 —0:3
71 0-0 +0-1 —0-1 +0-5 —0-2 —0-2
80 +0-1 +0-2 +0-1 +0-5 0-0 +0-2
90 +0-1 +0-3 0-0 +0-1

|

All the readings of the thermometers in this volume have been corrected by
the above quantities.

§ 10. Rarn-GAauGEs.

62. The rain-gauge A was placed in an inclosed space on the top of the Obser-
vatory hill, June 26. 1842. Its funnel mouth is 6.1 inches in diameter, 8 inches
above the soil, and 218 feet above the level of the sea. The quantity of rain is
measured by pouring it into a graduated glass tube.

The gauge B is placed on the top of the greenhouse. The funnel mouth is
6.7 inches in diameter, 18 feet from the ground, 192 feet above the level of the sea,
and 680 feet NNE. of the gauge A. This gauge is sheltered by trees to the E.
and NE., and its indications are, therefore, less trustworthy, especially during E.
and NE. winds. The quantity of rain received is also affected by gusts of wind
deflected from the sloping roof.

The daily observations for this gauge, in the month of May 1842, were lost ;
the sum for the month will, however, be found in the Abstract.

In the Abstract, the monthly readings of another gauge C are given. This

MAG. AND MET. OBS., VOL. I, n

l INTRODUCTION.

gauge is placed in the centre of the Makerstoun garden, with a good exposure; the
funnel mouth is 6.7 inches in diameter, 63 feet above the soil, 171 feet above the
level of the sea, and about 620 feet N. by E. of the gauge A. The gauges B and €
are about 180 feet distant.

The gauges B and C were observed by Mr Macea 1, the head gardener.

§ 11. ANEMOMETER.

63. Previously to August 26. 1842, there was no vane to be relied on, and no
instrument for determining the force of the wind before October 21. 1842.

The estimations of direction were generally made with a handkerchief as a
flag, and the force was estimated ; the scale adopted being, calm 0, and boisterous 6.
Owing to the rarity of strong winds, the one extremity of the scale was not well
understood, and in the other the estimations were much too high.

64. A vane was erected by Messrs ADIE and Son, on the north wall of the
observatory, which, by means of a rod and geering-wheels, indicated the direction
on a dial-plate within the observatory.

65. An anemometer made by Messrs AprE and Son, and invented by Mr R.
ApiE of Liverpool,* was placed at the north-east corner. In this instrument the
wind blows down a tube, the opening of which, at the back of the vane, is always
presented to the wind. The tube is bent up at the lower extremity into a vessel
inverted in a cylinder full of water. This vessel is suspended by a cord passing
over a wheel, and is balanced by a weight acting on a spiral. An index attached
to the common axle, shews the pressure, on a dial, in pounds of pressure on a square
foot of surface, and leaves a moveable index at the maximum. The spiral on which
the weight acts is an involute of a circle, in order that the divisions on the dial
may be nearly of equal size throughout.

66. Comparisons of estimated pressure, with the indications of the anemometer,
shewed that the estimations under 2:0 were nearly equivalent to the same quantities
by the anemometer, increasing above that, till 4:0 might probably be equivalent to
a pressure of 8:0 pounds.

67. The way in which this instrument is observed is as follows :—About 2™
before the observation hour, the highest pressure shewn by the independent index
is registered as the maximum pressure ; this index is then put back to zero, and
from 7™ to 10™ after, the position which the index has attained is noted as the present
pressure, and the index again set.

68. It is conceived that, on the whole, this instrument is trustworthy. It is
occasionally, however, liable to slight derangements. A cup at the top contains
mercury, in which the tubular portion of the vane turns; this fills with rain, which,
when frozen, prevents the vane turning its aperture to the wind.

* Described and figured by Dr Trarxx in his Physical Geography.

INTRODUCTION. li

§ 12. SraTE oF THE Sky.

69. After April 27. 1842, the quantity of clouds is estimated ; the whole
hemisphere covered with clouds being 10; and no clouds, 0.

After the same date, the motions of the clouds were estimated. A marked

portion of cloud, which passes nearly through the zenith, is watched till the direc-
tion is found in which it seems to run down one corner of the Observatory. About
the end of 1843, the points of the compass, referred to each corner of the Observa-
tory, were marked upon the surrounding paling; before this, the direction was
estimated very nearly, as the walls of the Observatory are in the meridian and
prime vertical.
* 70. The nomenclature adopted is that of Howarp, with a few combinations.
The term scud refers to that loose, generally amorphous, and often rainy, cloud
which is the lowest of all excepting the stratus. The state of the sky is generally
observed after the magnetometers, at each observation hour.

71. The remarks on the weather, after May 1. 1842, were too lengthy to print
on the same page with the other meteorological observations ; an abstract has been
given there, and the original remarks printed in an Appendix.

§ 13. GENERAL AND RECAPITULATORY REMARKS.

72. As there was no computing-room apart from the Observatory, a small
copper stove was placed in the south-east anteroom, in order that the latter might
be used in the winter months for this purpose. In January 1842, this was removed,
and a larger copper stove placed in the position S in the plan, from a belief that it
would keep the temperature within the Observatory more uniform.*

73. The mean-time clock is by DENT ; it is kept at Gottingen mean time, the
errors being determined by comparisons with the transit clock in the Astronomical
Observatory. The rate is always kept very small.

74. The time used throughout this volume is Gottingen mean solar time, astro-
nomical reckoning. The Gottingen time is 49™ 50s in advance of the Makerstoun
time.

75. In the daily observations 1841, the bifilar magnetometer was observed
25 minutes after, and the balance magnetometer 2} minutes before, the minute of
the declination observation.

76. During the term-day observations 1841, the bifilar and balance magneto-
meters were observed alternately 2} minutes after the minute of declination obser-
vation.

* Warly in 1843 I discontinued the use of a stove, and ultimately had it removed.

hi INTRODUCTION.

77. In the daily observations 1842, the bifilar magnetometer was observed
2 minutes after, and the balance magnetometer 2 minutes before, the minute of
declination observat-on.

During the term-day observations 1842, the bifilar magnetometer was ob-,
served 2 minutes after, and the balance magnetometer 4 minutes after, the minute
of declination observation.

78. The following is the arrangement of the observers on the term-days.

TABLE 26.—Initials of Observers for each Hour of the Term-Days, from July 1841 till
December 1842.

Gottingen
Hour.

August
September
December.
February.
April
May.

June
October.
November.
December.

|
|
|
|
|
|

<= ——]

SHAR > PP
=|

Hewes oogr Pp

=
i=

BHR RR RHP ee ees

PRA HE HHS RR Ree ere as

PHHR RAPA er PrP reese eR Ree as
SURPNP RR PrP Re eee deed ee oeP PPP | September.

PPUUDH ASU PPPrPrHRA RR Ae Bees
PRPOUDUHAPHPrrPrPR RRR eee eooes
BPUOvVQRAARO RP RAH Re ove esaaaakwwwwyw

GUOPPRHWH Perr r HUY
BDUOH He hh Btw aAakwadnaeanE

wooOnrInrP wor &

>

The names of the observers to whom the initials belong will be found, § 2.

79. The absolute westerly declination is to be obtained from the observations
by adding 24° 20’, or by deleting the unit in the hundreds place, and prefixing 25°,

80. All the readings of the bifilar and balance magnetometer, are corrected for
temperature by the quantities given in Tables 11 and 18; 300 scale divisions being
added to all the bifilar readings.

* Mr Watxace, of the Edinburgh Observatory.

INTRODUCTION. lin

500 micrometer divisions are added to the readings of the balance magneto-
meter in September 1841; 400 in October and November 1841 ; and 700 in all the
other months.

81. In the term-day and extra observations of the bifilar and balance magneto-
meters, the corrections for temperature are interpolated for the observations in the
periods between the thermometer readings.

82. The meteorological observations are made in the period from 2” before till
7™ after the minute of declination observation.

83. In forming the abstract of the observations, the sums were taken, acciden-
tally, according to the astronomical reckoning.

84. With the exception of Tables VIII. and XV., the other tables of abstracts
for the bifilar and balance magnetometer are corrected by the quantities given.
(No. 51.)

85. Owing to the fewness of the daily observations, the results are to some
extent limited. The remarks on the tables have been confined to pointing out their
more prominent features,

86. When the observations for 1844 and 1845, which are made hourly, are
reduced, factors may be obtained generally for the approximate conversion of the
monthly means of four observations to the monthly means from the twenty-four
observations.

87. It should be remembered, in considering the tables of abstracts, that the
means for July 1841, are from only 11 days, and for January 1842 from 15 days.

88. On account of adjustments at different periods, several months of the ob-
servations of the Force Magnetometers are not comparable with each other. These
circumstances are given in the preceding pages; and in the tables of abstracts, the
means which are not comparable with each other are separated by lines.

89. All the computations have been made by myself, or with the aid of my
present assistants, Messrs WELsH and Hoae, and each computation has been per-
formed twice by the same or by different individuals.

JOHN A. BROUN.

MAG. AND MET. OBS. VOL. I. 0

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DAILY OBSERVATIONS

MAGNETOMETERS.

1841 anp 1842.

MAG, OBS. VOL. I.

bo

DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JULY 11—Aveust 17. 1841.

Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE.
Mean Time of DECLINA- Mean Time of DEcuINAS |) ———— |
Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo-
Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. . Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter.

Se. Div. = Mie. Diy.
469-3} 52-5 || 756-0
458-9| 53-6 || 741-0
483-8 | 55-7 || 758-9
508-5| 61-0 | 744-3
466-7| 54-1 | 772-3
465-6| 56-4 || 737-8
488-7| 57-3 || 758-9
495-1 . 788-0
478-5 3 || 763-8
472-7 c 750-7
480-7 760-0
495-0 . 753-8
464-0 . 702-6
462-2
483-9
499-8
474-6
468-4
483-1
497-9

474-6
479-7
492.7
494-1

Se. Diy. 2 Mice. Div. 3

517-3| 57-1 || 766-0} 57-6
504:3| 57-4 || 757-7| 57-5
522:4| 58-8 || 748-6] 58-2
541-8} 60-9 || 774-1] 60-1

510-9} 59-2 || 695-6} 59-0
513-1} 60-0 || 697-9] 59-7
515-9} 61-9 || 802-4] 61-6
567-7| 61-4 || 809-0] 61-0
518-8| 56-6 || 743-1] 56-7
513-3 H 721-3) 58-7
531-8 - 708-4| 60-2
532-4 a 779-1| 62-2

=}

cooo cooooococeoc cece cece cocer

July

July

coscoe coco coeoeo SooSoSos

482-6
494-3
520-6

477-1
444-0
493-6
498-2

472-3
460-3
497-1
519-2

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

cooocooco cooeosc cooo ssoosc oeoo eseese

oocooo

Biritar. July 114¢—July 234 k=0:0001185 g=0:000304=2'57 Scale divisions.
5 Aug. 44—Sept. 725» %=0-0001522 g=0:000304—=2°00 Scale divisions.
BaLance, July 11¢—July 234 k=0:0000127 g=0-000073=5:74 Micrometer divisions.
” Aug. 4¢4—Aug, 284 k=0:0000143 g=0:000073=5'10 Micrometer divisions.

_ _ July 154 23h, The Balance reading considerably changed, caused by a spider’s thread which was found attached to the magnet.
Spider’s thread removed. The difference of the readings between the two Micrometers of the Balance has increased about 6 Mic. Div.
July aoe A fibre of the suspension thread of the Declinometer found broken ; removed carefully.
July 22 8h. The object lens of the right hand Micrometer of the Balance found loose; when screwed tight the difference be-
tween the eens of the two Micrometers reverted to its value previously to July 154.
a ee 234—Aug 44, A carefully prepared thread placed in the Declinometer, from which the torsion was completely removed
after hanging a few days with the brass bar attached. The Bifilar and Balance Magnetometers readjusted, the magnets being placed
with their poles in directions opposite to that which they previously occupied. See Introduction.

DarLy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, AUGUST 17— SEPTEMBER 15. 1841. 8
Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE.

Mean Time of || Decuna- Mean Time of _ || DecLina- ———
Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |/Thermo Declination TION, Cor- |Thermo-| Cor- |Thermo-

Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter.

aoh m. r Se. Div. ° ||Mie.Div.} _° dyin: y Se. Div. = Mic.Diy.| °

Aug. 17 20 0} 131-30 528-7| 53-6 || 781-5| 54-7 | Sept. 1 20 0 543-9 | 54-6 |] creer | cesses

23 0|| 137-21 || 528:0| 56-4 |) 724-4 56:3 23 0 541-1} 57-1 |] ceeeee | ceeeee

Aug. 18 2 0|| 141-73 551-5| 60-8 || 694-2] 59-7 |Sept. 2 2 0 559-6] 60-6 || see-s- | sees

5 0] 137-75 || 553-3) 65-3 || 712-1] 63-1 5 0 557-9 | 61-7 Wl severe | cress

20 0|| 133-73 || 534-8] 57-4 || 750-4 57:5 20 0 542-7 | 54-2 |] wreeee | ceeeee

23 0|| 135-57 || 530-7| 59-6 |] 731-8] 59-2 DZ Ol) vnveeeeee [| ccecee Joceeeee He ceenee | ceceee

PAG) (O)|| pee-nse= occeeee | seenén I) steer Eoseee Sept, 3 2 Off ceree-ceei ffl ----e2 | ceceee fp eevee | eeeree

5 01] 138-05 || 552-7| 67-8 || 695-3) 65-7 Sf MOH Mises sence |||| ce dcco ¥|(Ntdesecri| | iecenonal) osonos

20 0|| 127-97 || 545-0) 62-7 || 705-6 62-7 20 O|| 129-95 |} 548-9] 52-7 | veers | vere

23 0|| 135-92 || 541-5| 65-5 || 683-2 64-7 23 O}] 135-35 |) 534-5] 52-3 |] eeeeee | seers

Aug. 20 2 0|| 142-05 || 557-1) 69-1 || 634-5 68-1 | Sept. 4 2 O|] 142-50 }) 548-5) 51-4 |] ----- |

5 O| 138-23 || 552-8] 70-2 || 650-7] 69-5 5 O}] 135-48 || 551-6} 50-8 |] s-.--. | --ee+

20 0| 130-87 || 540-2| 62-0 || 714-3] 62-7 Sept. 5 20 0] 124.23 || 541-8] 47-3 713-7| 47-9

23 0|| 137-00 || 533-8] 60-4 || 691-5] 61-0 23 O}] 126-52 || 539-7) 48-6 || 709-3) 48-6

Aug. 21 2 0} 145-92 538-3| 60-4 || 703-8] 60-7 |Sept. 6 2 0 133-37 || 550-1] 52-6 || 699-0) 51-6

5 O|| 139-76 || 549-7| 59-9 || 722-3) 60-1 5 0] 130-49 || 560-7] 55-6 |) 698-5] 54-1

Aug. 22 20 0} 138-75 523-3| 56-8 || 683-2] 57-3 20 O}| 123-35 || 544-5] 47-1 || 711-0] 47-6

23 0|| 135-15 || 536-7| 58-0 || 675-2| 58-2 23 O]] 128-40 || 545-0] 49-4 | 699-9] 49-0

Aug. 23 2 0] 143-25 || 541-5 61-6 || 676-3| 61-7] Sept. 7 2 O} 133-07 551-0| 52-5 || 688-0} 51-3

5 O|| 143-57 || 543-2] 63-7 || 718-5] 62-7 5 || 131-27 || 565-0] 54-6 | 698-0) 53-1

20 0|| 150-30 || 504-5| 53-6 || 671-6] 54-1 20 O|| 124-79 || 506-2) 51-1 || 695-8) 51-6

23 0] 137-21 || 522:0| 54-5 || 709-6) 54-9 23 0|| 128-69 || 504-6] 52-3 || 699-8] 52-1

Aug. 24 2 0|| 140-56 || 542-5 57-1 || 714-1| 56-9] Sept. 8 2 O}/ 133-53 514-3] 53-6 || 683-0) 53-1

5 0|| 136-90 || 550-5| 60-1 |) 695-3} 59-7 5 O}] 129-10 || 517-5} 54-5 |) 693-6] 53-7

20 0} 132-27 || 545-8] 56-6 || 718-8| 56-7 20 0)|| 122-64 || 503-6] 46-9 || 721-8) 47-4

23 0|| 136-00 || 544-6] 59-3 || 700-5) 58-7 23 O|| 127-14 || 499-9] 48-7 || 722-4) 49-0

Aug. 25 2 O} 141.47 || 557-9) 63 6 || 656-8| 62-2 | Sept. 9 2 O|f 134-17 || 511-9) 52.9 695-7| 51-9

5 0] 136-88 || 555-3| 65-7 || 669-3) 64-2 5 O|| 130-23 || 520-1) 55-7 || 688-9} 54-3

20 0|| 130-49 || 546-4) 61-5 || 691-1] 61-2 20 O|| 123-77 || 516-6) 58-6 || 681-3) 58-0

23 0|| 137-57 || 543-1] 64-1 || 658-4] 63.3 23 0|| 128-17 || 514-7} 60-1 || 672-9) 59-5

Aug. 26 2 0] 145-39 || 552-8} 65-5 663-6| 64-6 | Sept. 10 2 0|| 134-59 || 522-4) 62-1 655-8| 61-2

5 0|| 143-11 || 570-2] 66-5 || 710-3] 65-8 5 0O|| 131-03 || 529-6] 62-6 || 660-4] 62-1

20 0] 144-62 || 535-8| 62-1 || 605-6} 62-2 20 O|| 127-07 || 514-9} 59-0 || 656-8) 58-9

23 0|| 138-93 || 548-3) 62-3 || 676-0] 62.2 23 0|| 128-27 || 517-7| 59-9 || 665-8] 59-5

Aug. 27 2 0|| 152-00 |) 551-2] 65-4 696-6| 64-7 |Sept.11 2 0}| 134-55 |} 525-1) 62-1 657-3 | 61-4

5 0|| 139-65 || 559-3| 67-5 || 734-5) 66-3 FAT (6)) | Meopeecae Ar. ||fecbuce 4 |igdguoem lisosoosa: | lanmecnt

20 0|| 137-18 || 545-4] 63-0 || 672-4] 63-8 Sept. 12 20 O|| 127-27 |) 531-3) 61-6 590-0} 62-2

23 0] 141-78 || 523-9] 64-5 |) 718-3) 65-1 23 O]| 144-15 || 509-5] 63-1 || 644-2) 63-2

Aug. 28 2 O| 147-63 || 554-5) 67-6 712.3| 67-4 |Sept.13 2 0|/ 139-90 || 541-0) 69-3 655-9| 68-4

5 O|| 139-72 || 563-4] 69-8 || 690-6| 67-8 5 O|] 129-49 || 539-3] 73-6 || 727-8) 71-6

Aug. 31 20 O]] 143-35 || 508-6) 50-1 |) ----+ | sss-- Sept. 14 20 O]| 131-45 |) 520-4) 61-8 675-8| 62-0

23 O]] 143-24 || 535-5] 53-1 |) ---e+. | sess 23 O|| 135-28 || 519-5) 64-0 || 674-8] 63-1

Sept. 1 2 0] 142-08 || 564.7 57-6 || veeeee | tees Sept.15 2 O}| 135.43 529-5| 68-3 || 652-8| 67-0

y 5 O}] 134-35 |) 559-1] 58-8 || --s0-. | vee 5 O|| 132-13 || 532-6) 69-5 || 657-6) 68-1

Birman. Aug. 44 —Sept. 74 5» 4=0:0001522 g—0:000304=2:00 Scale divisions.

BALANCE. Aug. 44

»

Sept. 74 20h—Sept. 30¢
—Aug. 284
—Sept. 304

Sept. 54

Aug. 202 22», Extra observations made during a thunder storm.

Aug. 304. Mr Simms adjusted the agate planes of the Balance Magnetometer, making them parallel to each other; he also

k=0:0001464 g=0:000304=2:08 Scale divisions.
%=0:0000143 g=0:000073=5'10 Micrometer divisions.
k=0:0000127 g=0:000073=5'74 Micrometer divisions.

inserted spider’s threads in lieu of the silver wire for the bisection crosses, and adjusted the Micrometers.

Sept. 34. Remaining observations for
Sept. 747. Torsion circle of Bifilar
middle of the scale.

the day not made, on accoun'
Magnetometer moved from 114°

+ of alterations being made in the Balance Magnetometer.
50’ to 114° 0’, in order to bring the readings nearer the

DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, SEPTEMBER 15—OcToBER 15. 1841.

Gottingen
Mean Time of
Declination
Observation.

dh.
Sept. 27 20
23
Sept. 28 2
5

Sept. 29 2

Oct. 8 2

Octs 19.42

Oct.
Oct.

10

Oct. 12 2

Oct.

13 2

Oct.

14.2

Oct. 15\.-2

cooo coosc cooseoe cooeoesc cosoeoo sooo scesso scssoso eoscoseoe cooo ooooB

DECLINA-
TION.

135-52
133-85
138-55
133-04

136-32
135-30
137-47
133-85

127-65
132-95
137-48
128-80

128-25
132-50
135-46
136-83

127-67
133-40
137-25
121-70

127-57
127-28
131-51
128-93

131-24
128-34
131-68
127-81

124-62
125-15
130-58
125-81

121-67
125-13
129-95
125-39

125-70
125-03
129-85
125-40

126-74
130-56
131-20
128-82

BIFILAR.

iThermo-
meter.

Cor-
rected.

Se. Div.
528-8
523-0
532-2
537-7

532-4
506-5
536-3
538-9

527-8
524-9
540-3
545-4

55:5
60-9
64-4
63-7

56-0
56-4
61-1
63-1

56-1
57:1
63-2
63-7

50-6
51-1
56-1
56-6

51-5
53-6

505-2
504.2
524-6
531-2

516-9
511-8
517-5
555-5

513-5
515-4
533-4
549.7

524-1
533-1
536-0
544.7

504-9
520-5
541-4
552.2

537-0
533-5
542-3
542.4

537-4
542.7
541-8
549-1

534-0
535-9
536-8
558-8

BALANCE.

Cor- {Thermo

Mie. Div.
617-3
633-0
631-6
659-0

575-5
680-4
635-3
754-8

55:2
59-2

602-5
639-2
627-0
681-2

653-7
642-3
644-6
666-6

625-2
650-3
643-5
735:3

661-2
666-7
649-3
706-7

665-6
662-5
638-2
638-7

651-1
661-0
665-9
662-6

656-3
654-7
647-6
662-4

641-1
625-9
630-8
640-7

607-8
645-7
646-3
656-8

rected. | meter.

k=0°0001464 g=0:000304=2:08 Scale divisions.

194 20% k=0:0001303 g=0-000304=2:34 Scale divisions.

k=0:0000127 g=0:000073=5'74 Micrometer divisions.
k=0°0000118 g=0:000073=6-20 Micrometer divisions.

4
Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE.
Mean Time of DECLINA-
Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-| Cor- |Thermo-
Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter.
a
am. iy Sc. Div. Mice, Div. =

Sept. 15 20 0 132-88 || 524-5] 61-0 |} 660-0] 61-2
23 0|| 135-13 || 518-6| 62-5 || 660-9] 62-4
Sept.16 2 0 139-40 || 527-8| 64-2 || 655-3] 63-3
5 O|| 134-25 | 531-9| 66-5 || 670-2] 65-3
20 O|| 133-17 || 518-9} 55-1 || 644-8 55-7
23 0|| 133-95 | 517-5| 56-8 || 677-7) 56-3
Sept.17 2 0 138-48 || 533-8] 63-4 || 653-7] 61-4
5 0|| 133-77 || 541-7| 66-5 || 666-1} 64-5
20 O|| 128-89 | 522-3] 54-6 || 677-4] 55-1
23 0|| 133-90 || 510-6] 54-8 || 679-4] 55-2
Sept.18 2 0 140-10 || 528-4] 56-9 || 666-7} 56-2
5 O|] 135-82 || 526-7] 58-2 || 692-3} 57-2
Pil) MGW || rosedece ||| abeneced|) wasanae||I|sopscas [espace
23 0|| 133-22 || 510-3] 56-6 | 665-9] 56-2
Sept.19 2 0O|) 140-93 530-3] 61-6 || 645-8| 59-9
5 O|| 140-36 || 548-7] 65-8 || 709-1] 64-1
20 O|| 129-47 || 526-9] 60-2 | 675-6| 59-9
23 O}] 135-20 || 516-6| 60-5 || 670-1| 60-2
Sept. 20 2 0O}]| 142-27 || 526-7 60-4 || 665-7| 60-2
5 O|| 136-52 |) 536-2] 60-6 || 693-4| 60-2
20 O]] 131-88 || 522-0] 53-0 || 704-7} 52-9
23 O|] 135-19 || 513-5| 54-4 | 683-7| 53-8
Sept. 21 2 0|| 140-40 | 525-0] 58-8 | 665-9 57-4
5 0O|| 136-83 || 529-7] 59-6 || 675-7| 58-3
20 O|| 132-11 || 522-0] 52-4 |) 687-8] 52-1
23 O|| 135-68 || 517-3] 54-5 || 671-7] 53-8
Sept. 22 2 0|| 140-13 || 526-7] 56-0 || 648-4 55-3
5 0O]| 135-20 || 536-0] 56-4 || 683-1] 55-7
20 O]| 132-02 || 532-9] 62-4 || 685-3] 62-3
23 0O|| 137-28 || 515-0} 60-6 || 646-2] 60-7
Sept. 23 2 0|| 141-29 || 529-0] 60-8 || 650-2) 61-7
5 O]| 137-88 || 540-5] 63-5 || 649-9} 63-0
PL). (lf eeasdocss 4) cence || S854) | Peed ol leaocsce
23 O|| 136-20 || 525-1] 58-0 || 647-8| 57-7
Sept. 24 2 0O|| 140-75 || 531-1] 58-2 || 642-1] 57-8
5 O}] 144-42 || 546-1] 60-7 || 665-1] 59-6
20 O|| 133-77 || 516-8] 55-4 || 575-5| 55-4
23 O|| 144-93 | 497-6| 58-0 | 625-6] 57-3
Sept. 25 2 O]| 153-14 | 664-3] 62-0 || 916-3] 60-2
5 0O|| 130-45 | 860-2} 65-0 || 909-7| 63-2
Sept. 26 20 0|| 142.08 || 508-7] 51-6 || 645-5] 51-6
23 Oj] 138-40 | 495-6| 54-0 || 806-8} 5-13
Sept. 27 2 0O|| 139-92 | 526-0] 57-7 || 819-6] 56-0
5 O}| 132-20 | 547-1| 59-2 | 867-6| 57-8

BIFILAR. Sept. 74 20%—Sept. 30¢

» Oct. 64 —Oct.
BALANcE. Sept, 5¢ —Sept. 30¢
”» Oct. 64 —Nov. 304
Sept. 18¢—194, Sunday.

Sept. 254 2h,

Oct 24,
Oct. 14—64,

Balance ma

Bifilar reading approximate.

Scale out of the field.

Sept. 254 4», Observations made during an extraordinary disturbance, at which time the torsion circle of the Bifilar was fre-
quently turned, but left ultimately at its usual position.

which were free of twist. Adjustment completed. Torsion circle left reading 290° 0’.

magnet reversed, for the purpose of determining the deviation of the bisection crosses from the magnetic axis.
Wires of Bifilar Magnetometer found to have a twist. Wires removed, and, after several trials, new ones inserted

vo

Gottingen
Mean Time of
Declination
Observation.

Noy.
Nov.
Nov.

Nov.

Nov.
Nov.

Nov.
Nov. 10
Novy. ll
Nov.

12

Nov.

m.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

13 0
0

DECLINA-
TION,

134-48
137-08
139-75
137-08

134-35
135-75
138-23
136-34

138-34
135-65
138-87
136-65

134-43
136-52
138-03
135-68

128-17
139-47
147-03
139-53

139-35
146-30
149-77
134-06

134-86
137-50
137-34
135-52

136-45
133-45
136-37
134-46

128-55
132-31
135-55
133-38

129-32
130-07
137-54
133-04

133-28
131-51
134-73
131-27

131-50
133-73
133-04
131-00

BIFILAR. BALANCE.
Cor- |Thermo-| Cor- |Thermo-
rected. | meter. |} rected. | meter.
Se. Div. Gd Mic. Div. 3: i
496-4} 44-3 || 650-2} 44-5
499-8| 47-6 || 655-4) 46-5
506-8| 50-5 || 651-1) 49-2
506-6}; 50-0 || 641-6] 49.1
502-8) 45-1 || 639-6| 45-1
499-9} 45-8 || 647-5] 45-6
507-3) 50-6 || 637-7| 49-1
512-:5| 49-5 || 640-5| 48-9
500-4| 40-3 || 631-3] 41-0
494-2] 40-2 || 639-9} 40-9
505-2| 44-1 644-3| 43-5
511-3] 48-6 || 646-2| 46-6
| 506-5| 40-9 || 632-8] 41-3
501-2} 44-7 || 626-6] 44-1
507-8| 47-3 || 630-5] 45-8
515-0| 47-0 || 635-3) 46-1
512-4} 39-7 || 502-1] 40-4
482-6} 41-5 || 625-9} 40-9
519-8] 46-2 || 709-6] 44-6
503-5] 47-6 || 734-9] 46-1
499-5| 38-3 |) 608-6] 39-0
491-2} 40-6 || 683-9] 40-0
506-3| 45-4 || 687-2] 43-6
510-2} 46-7 || 718-6) 45.2
509-8| 50-4 || 612-4] 49-6
497-1] 53-4 || 629-8] 51-8
515-4) 57-3 || 608-9] 55-7
508-9} 56-0 || 637-5] 55-2
524-2) 51-4 || 597-7) 49-9
507-3] 50-6 || 622-4} 50-1
512-2} 50-6 || 626-7| 50-4
511:9| 50-4 || 660-7) 50-1
510-2| 49-7 |) 603-4] 49-1
508-5] 51-0 || 629-2} 49-9
506-8] 51-6 || 627-5] 51-1
508-9} 51-3 || 627-7} 50-8
509-5] 45-9 || 608-1] 46-2
511-8] 46-6 || 609-3} 46-4
504-6} 47-6 || 629-2| 47-1
501-8] 48-4 || 669-2} 47-6
510-2) 40-4 || 626-4) 40-6
500-7| 42-4 || 645-2] 41.6
504-0] 43-3 || 655-3) 42-7
511-6| 43-4 || 668-9| 43-0
500-8| 35-8 || 645-1] 36-5
503-1] 37-1 || 606-2) 37-2
508-1| 43-2 || 653-6] 41-5
505-9| 44-1 || 649-9} 43-0

—Oct. 194 204 k=0:0001303 g=0:000304=2'34 Scale divisions.

Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE.
‘Mean Time of || DEcLINA-

Declination TION, Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo-
Observation. rected, | meter. || rected. | meter.

Bie eaeeen eS)

a oh m. f Se. Diy. 2 Mic. Diy ®
1 Oct. 15 20 0} 123-99 || 538-8| 46-1 || 639-5] 46-1
‘ 23 O|| 128-90 |} 532-3] 47-3 || 653-1) 47-1
1Oct. 16 2 O]|| 131-22 || 542-4| 50-9 || 652-5] 49.8
5 O]] 130-23 || 544-2] 50-1 || 701-3) 49.8
Oct. 17 20 O|] 129-10 || 536-0| 46-4 || 632-4) 45-4
23 0O|] 129-29 || 537-5| 46-9 || 639-7| 46-6
Oct. 18 2 O|] 134-85 || 546-8] 50-6 || 639-4) 49.8
5 O|| 132-47 || 552-2] 51-0 || 670-6] 50-1
20 O|] 125-19 || 541-6} 40-0 || 654-1] 40-8
23 O]] 129-30 || 535-8] 41-7 || 646-9) 41-3
Oct. 19 2 O|] 133-07 || 551-9] 50-6 || 634-6) 48-5
5 O]| 129-05 || 552-6) 51-6 || 659-9] 50-1
20 O/|| 128-40 || 539-8} 46-6 || 642-6] 46-6
23 O}] 129-69 || 502-2} 51-1 || 639-2} 49.2
Oct. 20 2 O/|| 130-95 || 505-6} 54-0 || 629-5} 52.6
5 O|| 131-17 || 506-5} 52-6 || 669-8] 52-1
20 Oj] 125-94 || 498-7) 50-1 || 508-1) 50-6
23 O|] 132-44 || 490-6] 49-4 || 612-5] 49-1
Oct. 21 2 O/]] 129-15 |) 498-7| 52-6 || 755-3) 52-1
5 O|| 130-80 || 514-1] 54-3 || 680-2] 53-4
29) © (0) Be cea || Bebb hebben | ierodcen: lector
23 O]| 129-29 || 486-7| 41-7 || 660-5} 42-1
Oct. 22 2 O|| 132-67 || 501-3) 45-1 || 653-1] 44.5
5 O]| 128-60 || 503-2} 45-2 || 652-8) 45-1
20 O|] 130-96 ||} 501-2] 43-2 || 658-6] 43-2
23° O]] 131-58 || 496-8] 47-6 || 660-0] 45-6
Oct, 23 2 O|] 134-77 || 504-9] 49-8 || 647-0] 48-1
5 O]] 129-72 || 507-4] 49-6 || 650-1| 48-6
Oct. 24 20 O]| 145-59 || 491-3] 44-6 || 544-4] 44-5
23 O|| 139-33 || 495-2| 45-4 || 652-5] 45.0
Oct. 25 2 O|] 144-60 || 648-9) 48-5 |11144-4| 47-6
5 O}]] 127-14 || 554-9] 48-4 1062-9] 47.6
20 O|| 139-72 |) 483-5| 41-7 || 611-3) 42.0
I 23 0|| 140-13 || 493-4| 42-3 || 715-8| 42-1
Oct. 26 2 O|| 141-70 || 497-0} 46-4 || 727-3] 45.4
5 Oj] 123-39 || 480-5) 46-2 || 905-5| 45-6
20 0O|| 138-47 || 495-1| 40-9 || 667-5} 41-0
23 O|| 139-33 || 487-0| 43-5 || 704-8] 42-5
Oct. 27 2 O}| 142-04 || 507-9] 51-1 || 686-5] 48.5
5 0|| 137-81 || 500-0] 49-9 || 689-9) 48.8
20 O|] 134-59 || 493-4] 43-1 || 562-4! 43.0
23 0O|| 136-65 || 497-5| 45-4 || 650-0] 44.9
Oct. 28 2 O]] 142-88 || 498-4] 50-9 || 672-5| 49-6
5 O]| 136-45 || 513-0} 50-4 || 704-8| 50-1
20 O|] 134-55 || 495-4] 39-7 || 651-4] 40-5
23 O|| 137-57 || 497-4| 44-2 || 668-0] 43-7
Oct. 29 2 O}| 138-52 |) 504-1] 47-9 || 654-8] 46-8
5 O|| 135-79 || 512-4] 49-1 || 639-7] 47-8
Birizar, Oct. 64
Oct. 194 23—Dee. 314
BALANcE. Oct. 64 —Nov.304

k=0:0001248 g=0:000304=2-44 Scale divisions.
k=0:0000118 g=0:000073=6:20 Micrometer divisions.

Oct. 194 215, he readings of the Bifilar having altered, so that the middle of the scale was no longer the mean position, the
Torsion circle left reading 289° 10’.

arm of the torsion circle was moved 50’.

MAG. OBS. VOL. I.

6 Day OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, NOVEMBER 14. 1841—January 17. 1842.

Gottingen BIFILAR, BALANCE. Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE.
Mean Time of DECLINA- Mean Time of Deen A=
Declination TION, Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo-
Observation. rected. | meter. |] rected. | meter. Observation, rected. | meter. || rected. | meter,
a GO, i). som. , Se. Div. es Mic. Div. 2 dias m| ig Se. Diy. o Mie, Div, 2

Nov. 14 20 0] 132-64 || 500-2} 31-9 |} 651-0} 32-1 Nov. 22 20 0|| 130-22 || 507-4] 36-8 || 632-1] 37.0
23 O|| 131-24 |} 500-2} 32-6 |} 656-9] 32-5 23 O}] 126-23 |) 499-3) 38-1 || 638-5] 37-7

Noy. 15 2 0O]| 132-30 || 505-6] 35-6 || 663-7] 34-6 Nov. 23 2 0O|| 131-20 || 496-7] 39-7 || 650-0} 39-1
5 O|] 130-15 || 506-9} 35-8 |) 660-2} 35-0 5 0O|| 127-57 || 503-0] 40-5 || 662-0} 40-0

20 0O|| 129-36 || 498-5] 30-3 || 656-8} 30-6 20 O|| 127-48 || 505-2) 38-2 || 635-1] 38-3

23 0|| 129-67 || 504-5] 33-5 || 660-7} 32-6 23 O|] 129-18 || 503-6] 40-7 || 636-7] 39-8

Nov. 16 2 0}| 130-90 || 513-4] 42-4 || 637-2} 39-9 | Nov. 24 2 O|| 132-10 || 498-6| 44-7 || 652-2] 43-7
5 O|| 129-07 || 513-6] 43-4 || 633-1] 41-5 5 O}| 129-00 || 505-1] 44-5 || 650-0] 43-5

20 O|| 128-38 || 502-8] 30-8 || 643-6} 31-1 20 O|| 125-58 || 505-2} 36-8 || 627-1] 37-2

23 0O|| 131-67 || 500-6] 31-4 || 641-8] 31-2 23 O|] 128-15 || 503-6} 36-8 || 617-0] 36-7

Nov. 17. 2. 0|| 134-59 || 507-0] 41-0 || 646-9] 38-7 | Nov. 25 2 O|| 130-10 | 517-1] 45-4 || 615-2) 43.3
5 O}] 132-33 || 514-4] 46-2 || 634-6] 44-0 5 O|| 127-68 | 515-0] 48-5 |) 611-0} 46-8

20 O|| 129-07 |} 493-1] 27-9 || 650-3] 28-5 20 O|| 126-92 || 499-9] 35-0 || 639-9] 35-7

23 O|] 132-22 || 498-1] 27-8 || 647-9] 27-9 23 O|] 128-05 |) 502-1} 35-5 || 638-8} 35-5

Noy. 18 2 0|| 133-00 || 520-6| 36-3 || 646-2] 34-6 | Nov. 26 2 O|| 132-05 || 514-9] 42-5 || 632-1] 41-0
5 O}] 132-84 || 518-7] 37-3 |} 655-8] 35-7 5 O|| 128-63 || 517-7| 48-6 || 626-9| 45-1

20 O|| 148-57 || 440-7| 31-9 || 580-8] 32-1 20 O}| 129-10 || 510-5] 46-6 || 634-2] 47-2

23 O|| 139-16 || 499-3] 34-1 || 706-8] 33-1 23 0] 130-83 || 507-7| 46-6 || 610-3] 46-3

Nov. 19 2 Off ceseseeee |] ceeeee | ceeeee |] ceseee Po reeees Noy. 27. 2 0O|| 131-90 || 512-3) 49-8 || 606-0] 48-8
5 O|] 134-12 || 509-6] 44-2 || 727-1] 42-0 5 O}] 131-82 | 511-8] 50-4 || 625-2] 49-1

20 O|] 132-11 || 491-2] 32-7 || 607-8| 33-3 | Nov. 28 20 0O]| 129-03 || 505-7] 39-8 || 633-2] 40-2

23 O|] 135-28 || 468-1] 32-9 || 704-6] 32-9 23 O|] 129-49 || 505-1] 41-2 || 624-7} 40-8

Noy. 20 2 0O|| 136-40 || 502-8] 36-9 || 752-5] 36-0 | Nov. 29 2 0] 132-30 || 516-1] 48-0 || 613-6] 46-4
5 0|| 129-00 || 508-6] 39-7 || 725-0} 38-3 5 O}} 129-98 |) 516-7} 50-6 || 612-2) 49-1

Noy. 21 20 0|| 126-78 || 503-9] 35-3 || 659-4] 35-5 20 O|] 129-63 || 511-8} 45-3 || 604-5} 45-3
23% 0 129-95 494-8 36-4 658-0 36-0 Dae Dillh seve deere Whe ciecice \Pieaseee: I viens veil) <nnldaw

Noy. 22 2 0O|| 131-47 || 507-1] 38-7 || 650-4] 38-0 | Nov. 30 2 0O]] 128-80 || 516-2] 49-1 || 609-0] 47-7
5 O]] 129-30 |} 503-2| 40-7 || 678-5] 39-5 5 O|] 127-83 || 516-0} 49-9 || 606-7) 48-8

1842.

Jan. 12 20 0] 127-32 || 510-5] 40-0 || 922-1] 41-5 | Jan. 14 20 0] 127-78 || 516-7} 40-1 | 944-3] 41-0
23 0|| 130-40 || 507-4] 39-2 || 950-0} 40-5 23 0O|| 128-83 || 517-5} 43-0 || 943-0} 44-0
Jan. 13 2 O|| 130-27 | 519-4] 44-6 || 935-4] 45-9 | Jan. 15 2 O]/ 132-15 || 526-9] 48-1 || 910-3] 48.9
5 O} 130-52 || 518-9] 46-0 || 941-2] 47-6 5 0] 130-13 || 522-2) 47-7 || 924-3] 48-5
20 0} 127-77 || 509-0} 35-1 || 952-5) 35-6] Jan. 16 20 0] 128-25 || 513-4] 34-5 || 964-0] 34-3
23 0}| 130-09 || 510-7] 35-6 || 967-2] 36-0 23 0} 129-40 || 508-0} 37-3 || 981-1] 37-1
Jan. 14 2 O}f 130-58 || 525-5] 44-6 || 939-8] 44-6 | Jan. 17 2 0] 131-95 || 521-8] 45-2 || 937-5] 44-6
5 0} 128-98 || 523-0] 45-6 || 938-9] 45.8 5 O]] 129-72 || 521-9} 48-6 || 927-9} 47-9

Brrivar. k=0:0001248 g=0:000304=2'44 Scale divisions.
Bavance, Oct. 64 —Novy. 30¢ k=0:0000118 g=0:000073=6:20 Micrometer divisions.
i Jan. 124 —Jan, 224 k=0:0000127 g=0:000073=5.75 Micrometer divisions.

Dec. 44. The declination magnet found to haye untwisted the suspension roller, to have sunk down and rested on the copper
ring, which had severed some of the fibres of the suspension thread. Thread removed, and a new one prepared.

Dec. 64. Fibres of the new thread found unequally stretched.

Dec. 84. A satisfactory thread obtained, which was attached to the suspension roller, and the torsion removed.

Dec. 202. On Mr Russell’s return from Hdinburgh he found the thread so much stretched as to bring the stirrup in contact with
the copper ring; it was therefore wound up a little, and the torsion removed, preparatory to the term-day observations,

Dec. 234 0%, (Term day.) Declination magnet again found in contact with the copper ring, from the stretching of the thread.
Magnet wound up.

Dec. 284, The short scale removed from the declination magnet, and a long one attached. (‘Torsion removed ?)

Jan. 14 et seg. Observations made to determine the temperature correction for the Balance magnet. Instrument readjusted.

DAILy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JANUARY 17—FEBRUARY 12. 1842. i

Gottingen BIFIvar. BALANCE. Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE,
Meah Time of DECLINA- Mean Time of DEcLINa- |————_, || —__,-_—_
Declination TION. Cor-* |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo- Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo:
Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected.| meter,
h bh m. 4 Se. Div. 3 Mic. Div| ° CU laa ‘ Se, Div. a Mic. Div} . °

Jan. 17 20 0|| 128-34 || 523-0] 37-3 || 939-9] 38-8 | Jan. 31 20 O|| 128-72 || 525-4] 43-7 || 906-4) 44-3
23 O|| 127-03 || 515-9} 39-8 || 959-3] 41-7 23 0} 125-79 || 520-2] 44-5 |) 920-8] 45-0

Jan. 18 2 O|| 128-14 || 516-3] 43-9 || 946-9| 44-5 | Feb. 1 2 O|) 129-70 |) 520-2) 53-6 |).896-7| 53-8
5 0|| 127-60 || 510-0) 46-2 || 993-7) 46-6 5 O|| 125-97 || 535-5} 52-1 || 982-6] 52-3

20 O|| 127-58 || 513-4) 39-2 || 947-1] 39-8 20 O|| 123-40 || 520-6] 49-9 || 908-7| 50-6

23 O}] 129-30 || 512-7} 43-2 || 967-4] 43-2 23 O}] 127-25 || 509-0} 50-6 || 910-8) 51-1

Jan. 19 2 O]] creer 527-4| 52-7 || 946-6| 52:6] Feb. 2 2 O|| 130-82 || 528-2] 54-6 || 930-7) 54-9
5 O]] weeeeeeee 526-0| 52-1 || 948-0] 52-2 5 O|| 130-40 || 515-1} 56-1 || 923-5] 56-7

20 OO] wrereeees 522-3| 57-8 || 940-7] 59-4 20 O}] 123-95 || 510-0] 42-4 || 921-9) 42-5

23 O]] veers 511-9| 53-5 || 955-6} 55-3 23 Ol 126-90 || 513-9] 42-7 || 938-9] 43-8

Jan. 20 2 O}f eee 524.9) 58-8 || 947-4] 60-9] Feb. 3 2 O]) 131-43 || 521-1] 49-2 || 929-5) 49-1
5 OO] weereeees 525-5| 59-6 || 955-5] 61-2 5 O|| 125-42 || 526-7] 53-9 |) 905-1] 53-2

Jan. 21 20 O]f «.-eeee 517-6 | 46-9 || 973-8] 49-8 20 O|| 124-43 || 520-1| 48-5 || 946-0] 49-4
23 O]] cereeeeee 504-4] 44-3 || 971-2| 45-4 23 O}] 125-97 || 517-2| 48-6 || 919-7] 49-6

Jan. 22 2 Off cerrreeee 517-2| 46-6 || 967-7| 49:0] Feb. 4 2 O|| 132-67 || 524-2) 51-6 || 914-5] 52-0
5 OO] weeeeeeee 522-4] 48-8 || 963-9| 51-1 5 O|| 130-83 || 526-9] 53-4 || 911-9] 54-1

Sistas 23 AD) |O |)! ssvencaca lif vaecnat fina Desai) sapieas||P eretncs 20 O|| 125-35 || 518-6] 47-1 || 920-7] 48-1
23 O}] «eee+e+es |] 508-8] 33-9 || 978-2] 34-5 23 O|| 127-03 || 512-2} 46-3 || 945-9] 47-9

Jan. 24 2 0 525-4| 44.2 || 940-4| 44:1] Feb. 5 2 O|] 131-85 |} 518-2] 50-9 || 913-9) 51-1
5 48-3 || 958-9] 48-1 5 O}| 128-43 || 523-0) 51-6 |) 912-0) 52-1

20 38-5 || 941-1| 39-8 | Feb. 6 20 0|] 130-90 || 504-7} 31-9 || 906-6) 32-1

23 41-6 || 983-5] 41-4 23 0|| 128-52 || 505-9} 34-8 || 945-9] 35-3

Jan. 25 2 49-9 || 940-1] 50-1] Feb. 7 2 O|| 139-60 || 507-8] 42-7 || 939-3) 42-5
5 51-0 || 948-8] 50-8 5 O} 135-42 || 530-9] 49.0 || 931-4) 48-2

20 42-7 || 948-7] 44.3 20 O|| 126-62 |) 515-3} 43-9 || 921-6) 45-1

23 44-6 || 970-4| 44-6 23 O|} 132-45 || 514-6] 45-6 || 925-3) 45.8

Jan. 26 2 43-8 || 967-4] 45-4] Feb. 8 2 O]] 134-08 || 520-4] 49.4 || 907-8] 49-1
5 45-6 || 957-1| 47-1 5 O|| 132-45 |) 525-0] 53-8 || 900-8} 53-6

20 O}] ceeeeeeee 518-1] 41-7 || 964-5] 42-5 20 O|| 132-00 || 519-1] 46-6 || 920-9] 48-1

23 O]] eeseeeeee 515-4| 433 || 970-5) 44-1 23 0|] 130-93 || 512-0] 45-1 || 922-9) 46-5

Jan. 27 2 Off -----seee 525-9] 48-4 || 935-0] 48-4] Feb. 9 2 O|| 136-00 |) 523-5] 48.6 || 924-2) 49.6
5 O}] ceeeeeeee 529-0} 50-5 || 935-2] 50-1 5 O|| 133-40 || 524-5] 52-6 || 913-4) 53-1

20 O}] 125-30 || 515-4| 44-6 || 948-0] 46-0 20 O}] 131-49 || 522-2] 48-3 || 914-0] 48-6

23 Oj] 126-00 || 519-6| 45-6 || 948-2] 45-6 23 O|| 133-44 || 519-3} 49-1 || 914-2] 49.6

Jan. 28 2 0|| 127-83 || 529-2| 49-1 || 933-1] 49-1] Feb. 10 2 O}) 137-41 || 528-2} 51-5 || 909-6] 51-8
5 O}] 127-70 || 529-7| 506 || 931-9] 50-4 5 O}} 134-35 || 528-4] 52-6 || 916-9) 52.6

20 0O|| 130-75 || 521-2) 44-6 || 926-5] 45.8 20 O}] 132-10 || 522-2} 50-6 || 891-8} 51-4

23 0|| 129-47 || 522.7] 47-1 || 929-9] 48-5 23 O|] 131-73 || 520-2) 52-6 || 899-1] 53-5

Jan. 29 2 O|| 133-31 || 521-5] 50-6 || 907-6| 51-1] Feb. 11 2 O|] 138-30 || 521-5] 54-1 || 879-5] 54-7
5 O}| 130-35 || 521-4] 52-1 || 916-4] 52-6 5 0] 137-32 ||. 530-7) 53-1 || 904-8] 53-2

Jan. 30 20 O|| 127-83 |) 517-5| 38-7 || 931-2] 39-0 20 O|| 131-65 || 515-3| 59-6 || 758-6) 60-7
23 O}] 128-41 || 511-4| 39-7 || 946-2] 39-9 23 O}| 134-47 || 511-2| 56-1 || 852-3) 57-3

Jan. 31 2 O|| 131-96 || 519-0| 44.9 || 921.3] 45-9 | Feb. 12 2 0} 139-70 || 530-6) 56-8 || 871-0] 58-4
5 0O|| 129-01 || 527-1} 48-1 || 914-5] 47-6 5 O|| 139-05 || 530.2) 57-0 || 905-4) 58-2

Bririzar. k=0:0001248 g=0-000304=2'44 Scale divisions.
BALANCE. Jan. 124—Jan. 224 k=0:0000127 g=0:000073=5'75 Micrometer divisions.
» Jan. 234—March 214 5h k=0:0000140 g=0:000073=5-20 Micrometer divisions.

Jan 194 24, "Two fibres of the suspension thread of the Declinometer found broken; the loose fibres removed, but the plane of
detorsion had evidently varied considerably.

Jan. 204 6h, Suspension thread of Declinometer broke away fibre by fibre during the term observations.

Jan. 214, Subsequent circumstances inclined Mr Russell to believe that the stretching and breaking of the fibres alluded to
above must have arisen from the silk being defective at that part of the reel from which the threads were formed.

| A new thread prepared. It was allowed to stretch for several days, in consequence of the breaking of the last. The torsion was
then removed. Torsion circle reading 280°.

8 DaILty OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, FEBRUARY 13—Marcu 11. 1842.

Mar. 11 2 132-33 || 521-1| 48-6 | 868-3} 49-1

127-80 || 534-6} 52-6 | 857-6} 52-5

Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE, Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE,
Mean Time of || DECLINA- | ——_j7———_||____—~_|_ Mean Time of |} Dectuina- |—————___||-_________

Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- Declination TION: Cor- |{Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo.
Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. Observation. rected.| meter. || rected. | meter.

= Mie. - a@ hy “m: , Se. Diy. ° Mic. Diy)
0 920-6 Hl Feb. 25 20 0 524-2} 53-6 || 860-7| 55-8
0 931-5 i 23 0 515-1] 51-4 || 885-7| 53-4
0 924-8 Hy Feb. 26 2 0 525-6| 54-2 || 879-5] 56-1
0. 923-8 S 5 0 532-2] 58-3 || 859-5| 59-9
0 889-4 4 Feb. 27 20 0 518-0} 38-7 | 953-2] 38-8
0 899-1 A 23 0 513-8| 42-7 || 911-3] 43-1
0 885-5 i Feb. 28 2 0 527-0| 50-1 || 863-6} 49.4
0 868-9 HK GROUT Gaseabooe ||| GSSAece I POBAOEE leBrapca | neccca
0 909-3 iF NY Cr ame OPT 0 ean Of icecaearice. |||) cbotidpan| leeeanGee ll Rucarace || saan
0 906-7 d PR VETO Peaconbacce ||) ccoJoas | conte linac oes [fP> aise
0 887-3 . Mans) 12) 62) 10 510-4| 41-2 || 919-6] 41-4
0 888-3 ‘ 5 0 520-2] 41-2 || 948-8} 41.4
0 896-2 : 20 0 515-8| 38-8 || 903-3} 39-0
0 920-8 a 23 0 513-6| 40-4 || 906-6} 40-4
0 926-1 5 |Mar. 3 2 0 521-1| 45-2 || 890-4] 44-6
0 1065-4 : 5 0 531-1} 48-1 || 890-9] 48-0
0 905-1 D 20 0 522-1) 47-1 || 880-8] 47-1
0 911-5 4 23 0 517-3 | 48-6 || 877-1] 49-2
0 909-7 “1 | Man 4 2: 0 525-6} 51-6 || 862-2] 52-1
0 1020-2 . By 40: 531-7| 54-4 || 864-9] 54-7
0 910-9 , 20 0 516-8} 45-1 || 892-6] 46-2
0 921-6 ' 23 0 523-2} 47-1 || 890-9] 48-0
0 947-4 ‘6 |Mar. 5 2 0 525-4! 52-6 || 866-3] 52-4
0 ay (8) 537-5] 52-8 | 911-5| 52-6
Mar. 6 20 0 520-1| 42-7 || 896-9] 43-0
23 0 514-9} 45-8 || 897-5) 46-1
Mar: Sfan20 10 528-0| 52-0 || 860-5] 51-1
5 0 530-4] 52-1 || 880-7| 52-2
20 0 524-1} 49-1 || 875-8] 49-9
8 tae) |lecbpeosetern |sopaeeta|leeccora: Ihctaase | addcor
Mar. 8 2 0 528-4] 53-0 || 857-9} 52-9
5 0 531-8] 53-1 | 889-3} 52-6
20 0 522-2} 44-5 || 893-0} 45-1
23 0 514-7] 45-1 | 895-0| 46-1
Mar. 9 2 0 525-1] 48-1 || 868-5} 48-6
5 0 527-5| 50-1 || 905-2} 49-6
20 0 515:3| 42-7 || 893-2| 44.0
23 0 512-1} 44-5 || 907-7] 45-1
Mar. 10 2 0 527-7} 48-9 || 872-4] 48-9
5 0 528-0| 49-9 || 869-4] 49.1
20 0|| 124-63 | 519-4] 43-7 || 898-0} 44-6
23 O|| 127-21 || 513-6] 45-6 | 894-4] 45-9

0
0

Briar. %=0-0001248 ¢=0-000304—2'44 Scale divisions.
Bavance. Jan, 234—March 214 5 k=0:0000140 g=0-000073=5:20 Micrometer divisions.

Feb. 204. Torsion suspected in Declinometer thread. ‘Torsion tried, estimated at 10°. Circle turned to 270°. This torsion is
in an opposite direction from what was suspected. Left with brass bar suspended.

Feb. 214. The bar had come to rest 50° or 60° to the W. of north; it was allowed to hang for a day or two, when it was found
still in the same position; so that the estimation of Feb. 204 was probably inaccurate.

Feb, 254 Torsion removed. Circle reading 330° 30’, It seemed to Mr Russell that the shifting of the magnet, for the purpose
of making the Dip observation, was, in some way, connected with this change of the plane of detorsion.

————

Gottingen BIFILAR. BaLANceE. Gottingen BIFimuar. BALANCE.
Mean Time of DECLINA- Mean Time of DECLINA- |;
Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- {Thermo- Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-| Cor- |Lhermo:
Observation. rected. | meter, || rected. | meter. Observation. rected, | meter. || rected. | meter.
ahm ’ Se. Div. a Mic. Div, a a he mi a Se. Diy. he Mie. Div. =

Mar. 11 20 0|| 125-47 || 516-6| 45-1 || 866-0 46-9 |Mar. 24 20 0]] 125-12 || 515-9] 48-9 | 859-5} 49-9
23 0} 127-40 || 514-4| 47-1 || 893-0| 47-6 23 0|| 129-75 || 507-2) 51-3 | 874-9] 51-9

Mar. 12 2 O|| 132-10 || 529-5] 52-1 || 861-6} 51-6 | Mar. 25 2 Ql} axeewecee f] caveee | ceeeee ff coerce J seeeee
5 O|| 127-85 || 534-5] 53-5 || 856-3) 52-6 20) |hesceee uc |ieeeeneeon | cobs | Meesceems (encores

MMsiy LSU Olli eetenceeshl|lccseeen | aeeee I samme er | oeteee SLANG | Sevcaccvises ft letessenie ReScoeee | epoosem Neen
DZ O]] «--eeaees 516-9| 45-1 873-0) 45-1 DZ ON] cceeeceee f] ceeeee | treres PE eeeeee | serene

Mar. 14 2 O]| ...----+ 532-2| 51-0 || 844-1] 50-1 | Mar. 26 2 0 518-9| 45-1 | 873-1) 45-6
3 WO eee cee 531-7| 52-3 || 855-2] 51-6 oO 533-1| 49-4 | 911-7) 48-6

Re (Oillinttes cae 527-6| 48-6 || 856-2} 48-6 | Mar. 27 20 0]| 133-25 || 520-1 44-1 || 869-0| 43-5

23 0|| 130-98 || 518-7| 52-6 || 841-3] 52-1 23 0|| 136-42 || 499-6| 46-5 | 900-0) 45-6

Mar. 15 2 0] 136-88 || 531-5| 55-4 || 821-4] 54-7 Mar. 28 2 O|| 138-55 || 528-4] 51-1 | 924-7} 49.2
5 Ol 131-47 || 532:9| 56-3 || 836-4| 55-7 5 0] 131-20 || 546-3} 52-5 | 960-9} 50-9

20 O|| 127-75 || 520-0} 50-1 || 871-3 49-9 20 O|] 129-50 |) 519-3) 44-6 | 900-4] 45-1

23 0|| 133-90 || 518-0| 51-1 || 869-2} 50-6 23 0] 133-60 || 510-9] 46-1 | 898-0] 46-1

Mar. 16 2 0O|| 141-64 || 527-0) 54-6 || 828-0) 54:9 | Mar. 29 2 0} 139-60 | 526-4 50-6 || 889-2| 49-1
5 O|| 136-12 || 538-6| 55-6 || 855-9] 55-2 5 0] 136-52 || 527-6| 51-4 | 925.3] 50-1

20 0|| 128-77 || 514-6] 45-47] 869-7) 46-1 20 O|| 131-13 |) 511-0| 43-7 | 881-0] 43-5

23 0|| 133-87 || 514-1] 48-1 | 893-8| 47-6 23 O]| 133-04 || 511-3) 44:5 | 898-9] 44-1

Mar. 17 2 01) 134-58 || 528-3| 54-6 || 867-3| 53-4] Mar. 30 2 0] 142-80 | 517-9] 47-2 | 906-5] 46-1
5 O|| 139-62 || 528-6] 52-6 || 879-5] 52-6 5 0] 139-76 || 538-0) 50-4 | 928-3] 48-6

20 0} 128-60 || 510-4} 43-6 || 887-5] 44-2 F 20 0} 127-20 || 519-6| 44-5 | 905-2) 44-6

23 0}) 139-27 || 511-4] 44-6 || 892-6] 45-1 23 0|| 131-42 || 511-0] 45-3 | 898-4] 45-1

Mar. 18 2 0|| 134-55 || 524-2] 48-1 || 872-9] 48:1 ]Mar. 31 2 0] 134-82 || 530-0| 49-1 | 888-9] 47-9
5 O|| 131-43 || 529-4] 52-3 || 864-3) 51-8 5 O|| 131-87 || 532-1} 50-4 | 903-7) 49-1

20 0|| 127-05 || 513-0] 43-5 | 880-1| 44-6 20 O]|| 124-39 || 523-4| 43-4 | 900-6} 43-3

23 0|| 134-40 || 510-9) 44-1 || 891-3} 45-1 23 0} 128-98 || 516-7| 44-2 | 890-4] 43-8

Mar. 19 2 O01) 140.09 || 522-2| 50-3 || 878-2) 49-9 | Apr. 1 2 O} 137-32 || 506-2 47-4 || 890-6] 46-1
5 O|| 140.83 || 535-9| 51-9 || 926-2| 51-6 5 O|| 134-20 | 530-1} 48-5 | 917-7] 47-1

Mar. 20 20 0|| 128.48 || 510-6] 38-5 || 880-5| 39-0 20 O|| 127-61 |) 514-8] 41-5 | 894.5) 41-5
23 0|| 132.97 || 511-4] 42-7 || 892-2} 43-0 23 0|| 130-93 || 510-0| 42-2 || 895.4) 42-0

Mar. 21 2 O|| 138-47 || 523-6] 47-6 || 865-2) 48-0} Apr. 2 2 0] 137-20 || 516-9 43-2 || 889.7] 43-0
5 0} 133-77 || 531-7] 52-1 || 840-7] 51-8 5 0] 134-15 || 530-4] 43-2 | 910-8] 42-8

20 0}, 128-37 || 514-2] 43-2 | 888-0} 44:5 | Apr. 3 20 0|| 127-00 || 513-3 39-2 | 911-2] 39-5

23 0|| 128-67 || 512-9] 43-7 || 904-0} 45-1 23 0|| 131-52 || 508-3} 41-7 | 886-4} 40-8

Mar. 22 2 0O|| 130-78 || 521-1] 46-6 || 894-5] 47-1] Apr. 4 2 O}| 136-20 || 529-7 48-4 | §95.5| 46-3
5 O|| 128-32 || 527-4] 49-1 || 892-7| 49-4 5 O|] 135-62 || 543-5] 53-1 | 915-5) 50-1

20 O|| 122.65 || 521-6| 40-7 | 875-7] 40-8 20 O|| 128-38 |) 513-6] 42-2 | 900-2] 42-5

23 0|| 129-67 || 518-2] 42-2 || 890-1) 42-6 23 0O|| 131-87 || 511-1] 44-2 | 890-9} 44-0

Mar. 23 2 0] 136-05 || 544-9] 48.6 || 857-7| 48-4 ]Apr. 5 2 0} 138-40 || 530-0 50-4 || 879-8| 48-5
5 O}| 131-72 || 541-6] 55-2 || 832-8] 53-6 5 0O|| 133-10 || 543-2) 55-7 | 893.3] 53-1

20 OO} 125-45 || 527-8) 56-7 || 845-0| 58-2 20 O|| 128-68 || 509-0) 43-2 | 873-0] 43-5

23 0}| 130-13 || 503-8| 59-4 || 866-9] 60-5 23 0|| 134-30 || 507-9] 44-6 | 882-0] 44-3

Mar. 24 2 0|| 134-30 || 529-0] 60-4 || 849.0] 61-1 |Apr. 6 2 0] 139-89 || 530-3) 51-1 | 890.5] 49 1
5 0O}| 130-50 || 534-0] 61-9 || 849-7| 62-9 5 O|| 132-95 || 539-5| 56-6 | 899-2) 53-8

BIFILAR. k=0:0001248 g=0'0003041—2'44 Scale divisions.
BALance, Jan, 234 —Mar. 214 5% k=0-0000140 g=0-000073=5-20 Micrometer divisions.
os March 214 20%—April 164 k=0°0000118 g=0:000073=6.20 Micrometer divisions.

March 114 204, 23h; March 124 2h, 5h,
+330. See note March 144.

March 144, Torsion of Declinometer thread examined. Circle moved 54°. Left reading 276°. Mr Russell conceived this
torsion to have taken place on removing the magnet in order to make the Dip observation March 114 6, when most probably from
the thread getting loose for a moment the fibres took a different disposition inter se.

March 254 65, On removing the detorsion bar from the Declinometer after the Dip observations, the suspension cylinder was
accidentally let slip. Brass bar suspended throughout March 264, and torsion removed. Circle left reading 326°.

March 254 16h, Declinometer employed in making intensity observation.

March 254 2023, Observatory being cleaned.

Observations of the declination at these hours have been corrected for torsion by

MAG, OBS. VOL. I.

10 DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, APRIL 6—May 4. 1842.

Gottingen BIrILar. BALANCE, Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE.
Mean Time of || Decrrna- Mean ‘Mimelof | |(DeonnNs=|)————= > — | rr
Declination TION, Cor- |Thermo-| Cor- |Thermo Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-) Cor- |Thermo
Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter.
eas D. e M. U Se. Diy. a Mice. Div, g iA see od if Se. Div. z= Mic. Div S
Apr. 6 20 0} 127-67 517-3| 46-6 || 902-0] 46-8 | Apr. 20 20 0] 133-20 || 511-8) 957-1 || 859-1] 58:7
23 0|| 133-77 || 511-0! 46-9 || 886-7] 46-6 23 0O|| 137-70 || 508-8) 58-6 || 860-8) 59-5
Apr. 7 2 O]| 138-93 524-8| 47-9 | 883-0) 47-4 |} Apr. 21 2 0} 140-33 || 526-6 63-7 || 845-7! 63-1
5 0] 133-51 || 529-5] 49-1 | 883-0] 48-1 5 0} 135-75 || 529-0) 66-9 || 919-2! 66-7
20 0} 127-80 || 517-2| 42-7 | 900-8} 43-0 20 0} 130-52 || 513-3) 53-6 || 870-7) 54-1
23 O| 133-78 || 512-5| 44-6 || 888-3] 44-2 23 0) 134-33 || 519-9| 55-0 || 887-8] 55-1
Apr. 8 2 O|| 140-47 | 530-6 51-1 || 855-8] 49-1 | Apr. 22 2 0|| 137-98 || 531-4} 62-0 || 861-4} 60-2
5 0O|| 135-65 | 537-0| 56-1 | 878-5) 55-2 5 O|| 137-58 || 529-2} 62-6 || 867-0) 63-1
20 O| 128-77 || 512-1) 42-2 || 900-9) 42-8 20 0} 128-48 || 518-6) 49-9 | 868-8) 49-6
23 0] 132-85 || 507:6| 43-7 || 882-0] 43-5 23 Oj) 130-90 || 511-6) 50-6 || 884-5] 50-1
Apr. 9 2 0] 140-47 || 524-9] 50-1 869-3| 48-1 | Apr. 23 2 0|| 137-80 || 529-5| 54-6 || 857-7| 54-4
5 0] 135-02 || 532-1] 55-6 |) 878-1] 52-9 5 O|| 132-47 | 536-3) 62-6 || 865-8} 60-0
Apr. 10 20 0] 134-44 || 505-9| 44-6 787-7| 45-3 | Apr. 24 20 0|| 120-85 || 518-1; 50-6 | 867-4| 50-6
23 0|| 144-32 || 493-4] 45-6 || 852-2] 45-6 23 0O|| 132-20 || 511-3) 51-3 || 855-6] 50-9
Apr. 11 2 O]| 142-46 || 518-2) 50-6 | 912-1 49-1 | Apr. 25 2 0} 137-63 | 529-9] 57-6 || 855-7] 56-2
5 0] 140-73 || 537-5] 53-1 || 969-7] 51-1 5 O]) 134-44 || 541-4] 62-2 | 849-8] 59-9
20 0] 126-43 || 511-9] 42-2 | 881-9] 42-1 20 0} 128-01 || 522-0; 49-1 || 873-7] 49-1
23 0|] 132-80 || 514-9] 44-5 || 897-6] 44-0 23 0}| 131-67 || 517-5; 50-8 || $50-9| 50-3
Apr. 12 2 0} 140-55 | 514-6} 48-0 | 935-5) 46-6 Apr. 26 2 O| 137-77 || 534-7| 57-6 | 808-3] 55-7
5 0] 136-33 || 536-1) 51-0 | 964-0] 48-6 5 O|} 135-02 |) 541-9} 61-6 | 846-6] 59-2
20 0|| 131-30 || 467-0} 41-7 || 880-8| 41-8 20 O}] 126-35 || 520-0) 46-6 || 865-7] 47-1
23 O]] 149-15 || 477-6] 42-9 || 863-6| 42-7 23 O|| 131-62 || 513-6) 49-2 || 861-1} 48-8
Apr. 13 2 0] 147-95 | 536-3] 45-6 1041-6] 44-6 |Apr. 27 2 O|| 136-62 || 527-0 55-1 |) 852-4) 53-4
5 O]} 139-30 || 530-4] 47-9 || 932-1] 46-2 5 O|| 135-65 || 540-3] 59-3 || 841-2] 56-6
20 O]| 128-75 || 506-1) 41-7 || 903-9) 41-5 20 O]| 128-83 || 519-3] 47-5 | 867-6] 47-8
23 O]| 133-13 || 500-7] 42-7 || 916-6] 42.5 23 0]}) 131-69 || 516-8| 48-6 || 859-6] 48.4
Apr. 14 2 0] 140-10 || 512-2] 44-6 | 896-3] 44-1 } Apr. 28 2 O|| 137-43 || 530-7] 54-3 || 829-5| 52-5
5 0O|| 136-62 | 531-1| 46-6 || 907-4| 45-9 5 0] 135-63 || 547-2} 59-8 || 808-7} 52-1
20 0} 152-33 || 454-9] 43-7 | 579-6) 43-5 20 O]| 127-54 || 518-9] 46-3 | 853-7] 46-9
23 0] 142-47 || 467-2) 44-2 || 885-1] 44-0 23 0]| 132-93 || 517-7] 50-1 || 854-7) 49.4
Apr. 15 2 0] 144-34 || 507-4] 45-6 | 931-4] 45-1 | Apr. 29 2 O|| 137-74 |) 533-4] 57-1 || 832-1] 55-2
5 0} 136-92 || 559-8| 47-1 1063-2) 46-1 5 0] 138-82 || 543-8] 61-4 | 844-9] 59-2
20 20] 146-03 || 499-3] 42.7 | 862-9] 43-8 20 O}] 130-16 || 518-2) 48-1 || 874-6| 48-4
23 0} 136-15 | 510-5] 44-6 | 892-7} 44-0 23 0}} 134-13 || 512-1] 49-1 || 852-4] 49-0
Apr. 16 2 0] 141-05 || 512-7] 47-6 || 933-4| 46.2 | Apr. 30 2 0] 140-53 || 526-7) 52-8 || 842-5) 51-5
5 0} 137-75 || 533-4) 52-1 | 932-8] 49-2 5 O|| 138-34 || 535-4] 55-8 || 858-2] 54-1
Apr. 17 20 0]| 133-53 || 521-4] 43-2 || 881-6] 43-4 May 1 20 0O]| 128-63 || 530-0] 47-9 || 863-3) 48-1
23 0]}| 134-13 |) 503-5] 44-6 || 892-1] 44.2 23 O|| 134-70 || 520-4} 50-4 || 844-0] 49-8
Apr. 18 2 0O|| 141-80 || 518-8] 52-6 || 873-7] 49-7 May 2 2 O}] 142-88 || 532-1] 56-3 || 822.2) 54-6
5 0} 133-82 | 535-9| 59-7 || 924-2] 56-7 5 0|| 137-45 || 538-9) 60-0 || 840-9] 58-1
20 0} 134-50 || 522-6] 49-4 | 858-0}. 49-4 20 0O|| 130-60 || 519-2) 47-0 | 866-6} 47-8
23 0} 136-68 || 507-9| 51-3 || 880-8} 50-6 23 30)| 136-82 | 519-6] 50-5 || 857-3) 49-9
Apr. 19 2 0] 144.35 || 529.0] 57-3 || 874-6| 55-3 May 3 2 O|| 142-06 || 530-1) 56-1 || 843-9) 54-3
5 0] 134-38 || 540-4] 62-6 |) 920-3} 60-2 5 0O|| 136-93 || 534-2) 60-0 || 853-7} 58-2
20 0} 129-37 || 518-0] 50-0 || 879-8) 50-1 20 O}| 131-22 || 527-0) 52-9 || 858-7] 53-4
23° 0} 136-05 || 512-0] 52-6 || 865-5] 51-6 23 0}| 133-35 |) 514-6] 53-1 || 845-0] 53-0
Apr. 20 2 0] 143-68 || 523-9] 59-4 || 852-3] 57-2 May 4 2 O|| 138-96 || 527-3} 55-7 || 836-6] 55-0
4 0} 137-63 | 546-6) 64.8 | 894-9} 61-7 5 0|| 135-65 || 537-5] 58-8 |) 841-1] 57-6

Birinar. k=0:0001248 g=0:000304=2'44 Scale divisions.
Batancre. Mar. 214 20—April 164 k=0-0000118 g=0:000073=6-20 Micrometer divisions.
April 174 =—Oect. 84 k=0-0000130 g=0:000073=5-60 Micrometer divisions.

April 154 20%. Observation 20™ late, caused by error in the house clock.

April 224 20%, he previous observations were made by Mr Russell; for the following Iam responsible. J. A, B.
May 24 23%, Observation 30™ late, omitted while observing Polaris.

Daity OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, May 4—May 27. 1842. 11

Gottingen Birimar. BALANCE. Gottingen Birinar. BALANCE,
Mean Time of DECLINA- Mean Time of DECLINA-
Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|) Cor- 3 Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|} Cor-
Observation. rected. | meter, | rected. Observation. rected. | meter.

Thermo-
rected. | meter.

h

a. is Sc. Div. eS Mie. Div.) dive a, Se. Div. Mice. Div.
May 4 20 523-8| 50-3 | 863-5| 50-2 |May 16 20

123-57 | 518-3] 55-8 || 850-4] 56-2

m. m.

0 0
23 0 512-3| 50-8 || 851-7 -6 23 0|| 128-17 | 539-5] 57-0 || 863-6] 56-8
5 0 524-9| 52-8 | 833-8) 52:1] May 17 2 0] 134-75 || 525-1] 59-9 | 894.6] 58-9
0 536-3| 52-9 || 858-6] 52:5 5 O|| 129-30 | 529-6] 62-9 || 918-9] 61-2
0 534.2] 51-1 || 857-6 . 20 ©] 123-87 || 520-1} 52-9 || 864-1] 53-0
0 53-0 || 828-9 : 23 0|| 127-30 || 508-5] 54-0 || 872-6] 53-8
0 56-3 : -2|May 18 2 0] 129-92 | 526-2} 57-8 || 868.4] 56-7
0 57-6 : . 5 || 128-77 || 537-6] 61-6 || 865-2} 60-2
0 50:3 : : 20 O|| 121-38 || 523-3] 52-9 || 857-2] 53-0
0 50-7 : . 23 0|| 126-08 || 520-1] 52-9 || 840-8) 52-8
0 51-6 . ‘1 }|May 19 2 0] 132-67 | 534-2| 53-7 || 866.2) 53-3
0 52-3 . 6 5 0] 128-23 | 535-3] 54-2 || 903-7) 53-7
0 46-4 : . 20 0] 122-20 | 523-4] 51-6 || 869-1] 51-2
0 47-9 : : 23 0| 126-82 || 525-7| 54-7 || 831-1] 53-8
0 50-5 || 853- -6|May 20 2 0] 129-78 || 533-4| 58-5 || 835-0} 57-1
0 52-5 : : 5 0| 127-90 | 539-1| 58-8 || 854.6] 57-8
0 46-0 . : 90 0] 125-28 || 523-4] 51-0 |) 872.5] 50-9
0 48-9 . : 23 0|| 131-18 || 518-6] 52-6 |) 839.7] 52-0
0 55-3 A ‘7 |May 21 2 O| 134-60 |) 535-3 55:1 || 846-8| 54-1
0 58-5 : . 5 0] 130-45 | 546.7| 56-4 |) 864-7] 55-5
0 52-6 . 5 |May 22 20 0] 123-33 || 529-6| 53-6 |) 877-5) 53-7
0 54-3 ; By 23 0] 130-05 || 521-4] 55-0 | 838.8] 54-6
0 56-7 ; 9 |May 23 2 0] 134-33 | 536-7| 57-1 || 828-5| 56-1
0 57-4 : 6 5 0|| 132-53 || 543-9] 60-3 || 834-2] 58-9
0 50-0 : E 20 0] 123-40 |) 526-7] 52-7 || 867-8) 52-7
0 49-8 : : 23 0|| 126-82 | 528-4| 55-8 || 828-2} 55-2
0 52-3 . 6 |May 24 2 0] 131-98 || 546.3) 58-4 |) 810-7) 57-4
3 55:8 : 4 5 O| 130-18 | 543-7| 58-2 || 841.9] 57-5
0 49-8 : . 20 0O|| 122-20 | 529-3) 53-4 || 841.7] 53-1
0 | 23 0|| 128-23 | 527-3| 55-4 || 840-6| 54-6
0 May 25 2 0| 133-47 | 543-6] 58-7 || 822-8| 57-4
0 5 0] 130-18 || 551-7| 61-1 || 828-5) 59-7
0 20 0] 122-73 |) 531-7} 52-9 || 842-4) 52-9
0 23 0]|| 129-52 || 522-3) 55-4 || 838-1] 54-8
CON ee ame (| a 91 a aD May 26 2 0| 135-22 | 535-3) 59-7 || 813-3] 58-2
0 5 | 130-12 || 537-2] 60-5 || 842-7] 59-3
0 20 0O|| 122-87 || 530-3] 53-7 || 847-7) 53-6
0 23 O| 130-12 |) 516-7) 54-9 || 832-5) 54-5
0 May 27 2 0] 134-13 |) 534-1] 58-4 | 833-1) 57-2

0 0

129-98 || 543-3] 61-4 || 840-5] 59-9

BririiarR. k=0:0001248 g=0-000304=2:44 Scale divisions.
Bauance. April 174—Oct. 84 L=0-0000130 g=0-:000073=5:60 Micrometer divisions.

May 124 54. Observation 3™ late.

May 164 5%. Extra observations.

The observations of Declination at the following times are corrected for torsion by the quantities annexed to them. (See note,
May 30%.) May 164 23» till May 234 5410/93. May 234 20» till May 304 20h—13/.08. May 304 238”39. May 314 2»
—2'15, May 314 5» till June 24 5"—1"95, June 24 20» till June 34 54+ 0°47.

May 231 22h, A fibre of the Declinometer suspension thread was found broken; it was removed by cutting near the top and
bottom ties.

May 24485, Extra observations.
May 25¢ 3h, Extra observations during thunder-storm.

12 DAILy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, May 27—JuLy 22. 1842.

sOtti BiIFiILanr. BALANCE, Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE.

Me enc DECLINA- Mean Time of || Drecu1na- || — ——
Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo- Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor-
Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected.

, i ° Mie. Div. a m. e Se. Diy. a Mic. Diy.

May 2 20 0 | 126-62 528-3 54-8 || 848-4} 56-2 0 || 125-95 || 523-8] 57-9 || 846-1
y 23 0|| 130-45 || 523-8) 58-1 || 815-0) 57-8 0|| 130-53 |) 526-2) 60-3 || 811-8
May 28 2 0) 136-15 || 539-2 61-3 || 793-8} 60-5 0} 140-63 |) 553-1 63-1 761-8
5 0|| 131-92 | 543-3| 63-0 || 811-5| 62-3 0) 138-01 || 544-7] 64-0 || 786-4

May 29 20 0} 125-88 | 529-2) 55-8 || 846-4) 55-6 0; 125-23 529-4 58-5 || 827-6
23 0|| 129-30 | 527-7| 57-4 || 824-7] 56-9 0 | 129-49 || 518-8] 60-4 || 813-0

May 30 2 0} 130-32 | 544-3) 60-4 800-4) 59-4 0 | 136-60 || 538-5] 64-5 || 801-6
5 O| 128-43 || 545-1| 61-4 || 819-9] 60-3 0 135-45 || 551-5] 69-3 || 802-5

20 0} 123-13 || 529-4) 55-4 || 841-0) 55-3 0}| 127-54 || 533-6| 58-6 || 785.0

23 0] 125-68 || 522-7) 57-1 || 808-8} 56-6 0) 130-05 || 524-6} 60-9 || 820.2

May 31 2 0|| 130-52 | 542-1] 61-0 || 793-8] 59-8 0} 139-20 || 538-6] 68-0 || 795-1
. 5 0| 129-52 | 547-9| 64-1 | 814-7| 62-6 0} 139-12 | 556-4] 73-8 || 898.2
20 0|| 123-60 | 531-7) 54-2 || 827-1] 54-4 0 | 132-37 || 522-1) 65-2 || 772.9

23 0|| 127-77 || 530-4} 55-9 || 826-4) 55-7 0}; 131-05 || 509-2) 66-0 || 806.7

June 1 2 O|| 132-93 | 540-3) 57-5 || 788-6) 56-8 0] 139-45 || 532-6} 69-9 |) 897.1
5 0] 129-78 || 549-5! 58-5 || 826-4) 57-9 0|| 138-49 || 563-9] 72-3 || 848.1

20 0} 125-15 | 532-9) 54.1 || 821-8| 54-3 0|| 129-52 || 525-5] 61-7 || 792.8

23 0} 127-77 || 531-5] 55-4 |) 791-5| 55-1 0 129-65 || 520-2| 62-5 || 807-3

June 2 2 0| 135-48 | 549-0) 59-0 || 796-6| 58-2 0} 133-35 || 537-2] 64-5 || 812.6
5 0! 132-53 || 547-5| 62-4 || 832-6] 60-9 0]) 134-05 || 550-3} 68-7 || 803-0

20 0} 119-92 | 529-2) 54-8 |) 854-6] 55-2 0] 125-53 || 525-0] 61-9 || 825-1

23 0] 125-08 || 531-8) 56-9 || 840-4] 56-5 0|) 130-42 || 526-8] 63-6 || 827.9

June 3 2 0] 130-25 || 535-8| 63-6 || 804-0] 61-9 0] 134-93 || 534-8] 64-6 || 813-6
5 0] 131-92 | 554-9] 68-5 || 824-4] 66-2 0} 133-13 || 542-9) 64-7 | 831-8

20 0} 123-93 || 526-8] 60-4 || 834-1] 60-5 0|| 124-97 |} 526-1] 55-7 || 843-1

23 0} 129-56 || 533-6] 63-0 || 797-2| 62-4 0} 133-73 || 520-1] 56-9 || 895.1

June 4 2 0] 134-44 || 549-4] 68-4 | 772-5] 66-7 0) 136-88 || 540-3 | 59-2 |) 807-5
5 0] 139-55 | 553-8] 70-5 || 771-9] 68-9 0} 133-91 |} 540-5} 61-3 || 827-0

June 5 20 0} 123-33 | 522-3] 59.2 || 834-7| 59-2 0) 126-52 || 528-5 835-3
23 0] 130-92 | 516-1] 61-3 || 819-4| 60-6 0] 130-29 || 528-4} 56-3 || 894.3

June 6 2 O|| 133-27 | 536-9] 65-3 || 811-0| 64-0 0} 134-38 || 538-3] 59-9 || 797-5
5 0} 128-81 | 543-1] 67-6 || 829-6] 66-3 0) 133-80 || 547-8 805-9

DOL Ollinsencee en 517-5! 58-9 || 808-9] 59.2 0}) 127-18 || 530-3 849-5

23 O|| 130-82 | 513-5! 60-4 || 835-7} 60-1 0} 129-73 || 529-5 : 839-4

June 7 2 0] 137-68 | 531-2| 65-5 || 813-2] 64-0 0} 134-33 || 542-0 ‘ 830-5
5 0 | 129-62 | 548-8) 69-7 813-8) 67-8 0) 132-97 || 559-8] 63- 819-7

PAW YON TRE Tb al|l Abana lMsoceae 819-3| 60-7 0|| 126-15 || 527-8 831-3

23 0} 127-00 || 526-2} 63-4 || 830-0} 62-9 0} 128-10 || 524-4 : 824-0

June 8 2 0] 134-83 | 535-4] 68-1 || 815-9| 66-8 0} 134-15 || 536-3 s 784-8
5 0} 132-44 | 551-9) 70-7 || 804-4) 69-1 0} 130-18 || 544-5 796-3

20 0} 123-00 | 521-5) 59-4 || 817-4| 59-9 0}| 123-73 || 537-6 826-8

23 0} 128-65 | 523-0) 60-4 || 808-6] 60-4 0|| 130-05 || 523-6 p 804-6

June 9 2 O]] 138-05 || 526-4] 64-3 | 812-1] 63-3 |June 22 2 O] 135-35 || 538-8 ‘ 785:8
5 0) 136-99 | 545-8] 66-5 || 834-2] 65-3 0] 131-55 || 553-5 795-0

Brrinar. k=—0-0001248 g=0-:000304—2-44 Scale divisions.

BALANCE. April 174—Oct. 84 k=0-0000130 g=0-000073=5'60 Micrometer divisions.

DECLINATION. ‘Torsion removed, Circle reading. June 34 6, 215°. June 64 204, 329°, (See note below.) June 184 61,
338°, June 204 215, 40°,

May 302 20. The Declinometer magnet having been removed, and the brass bar inserted, in order to make the Dip observa-
tion, the brass bar was allowed to move freely, to find if any torsion existed, when it went round about 400°. See Introduction
for remarks on this torsion, and the correction of observations.

June 64 20, Found two fibres of the Declinometer suspension thread broken, which had induced a considerable quantity of
torsion. The fibres were cut off, and the torsion eliminated.

June 184 6b ; 214 8h ; 264 23, Observations made to determine the value + for Declinometer thread.

DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JUNE 22—JuLy 18. 1842. 13

Géttingen BIFILAR. BALANCE, Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE.
Mean Time of DECLINA- Mean Time of DECLINA-
Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- /Thermo-
Observation. wore hea rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter.
-— —|
dh. 4 Se. Div. P Mic. Div. a a oh. 4 Sc. Div. ° Mic. Div. “i

June 22 20 123-02 || 517-3] 58-6 || 781-6| 59-2} July 5 20 128-90 || 517-8] 54:8 || 795-4| 55-1
23 127-81 || 528-4] 60-9 || 792-1) 60-7 23 126-33 || 529-8] 57-3 || 824-9] 56-6

June 23 2 133-02 || 548-4| 64-7 || 796-0) 65-0 | July 6 2 134-13 || 538-1] 60-4 |) 808-1} 59-3

5 129-73 || 549-2} 67-5 || 806-5] 66-4 5 131-38 || 542-6| 63-7 || 805-5| 62-1

20 124-04 || 515-3| 59-9 || 823-8] 60-1 20 125-79 | 524-1| 54-2 || 828-5] 54-6

23 126-43 || 509-3} 60-9 || 831-9] 60-7 23 126-25 || 520-6| 55-4 || 825-9] 55-3

June 24 2 134-30 || 529-6| 63-4 || 846-2) 62-7 | July 7 2 133-05 || 527-5| 57-9 | 824-9) 57-1

5 131-70 || 545-8| 65-2 || 827-6} 64-2 5 131-62 || 540-8] 58-6 || 831-7] 57-9

20 122-27 || 529-0} 58-2 |) 818-1] 58-3 20 124-88 || 526-0| 54-3 || 845-5| 54-3

23 129-23 || 517-6] 59-1 || 836-7| 58-0 23 126-35 || 520-1] 56-2 || 801-6| 55-7

June 25 2 129-18 || 542-1| 60-4 || 812-9} 60-0 |July 8 2 134-33 || 531-4| 59-9 || 816-2) 58-8

5 131-10 || 545-3| 60-4 || 818-6) 60-1 5 132-95 || 543-1| 61-4 || 815-5| 60-2

June 26 20 123-30 || 528-8} 58-2 || 820-6} 57-7 20 130-15 || 532-0) 56-4 || 697-8) 56-4

23 127-63 || 526-6] 59-9 || 806-4] 59-2 23 130-05 || 525-7| 59-1 || 795-3} 58-3

June 27 2 134-79 || 543-0] 63-1 || 790-5| 61-9 ]July 9 2 135-92 || 535-6| 62-7 || 829-7} 61-4

5 132-48 || 549-8] 65-7 || 798-6} 64-2 5 134-33 || 565-6] 65-1 || 861-7| 63-7

20 124-13 || 531-4| 56-4 || 833-5| 56-7 | July 10 20 127-54 || 520-8| 56-3 || 828.4| 56-3

23 126-94 |} 521-7| 57-3 || 806-7| 57-1 23 129-78 || 505-5| 56-5 || 829-2| 56-4

June 28 2 133-93 || 532-8] 59-9 || 799-5| 59-2 | July 11 2 136-57 || 531-9| 59-3 || 827-6] 58-5

5 132-73 || 550-7) 62-5 || 815-9] 61-2 5) 131-32 || 545-2] 62-4 || 834-4] 61-2

20 124-42 || 537-7) 58-4 || 821-1) 58.3 20 124-04 || 532-3) 59-0 || 828-6] 59-1

128-74 || 530-7| 59-5 || 812-8) 59-2

' 126-90 || 524-2|} 60-6 || 818-1] 60-1
133-05 || 546-7| 61-4 || 791-7| 60-5 | July 12 2

June 29 2 135-53 || 541-0} 64-6 | 804-7| 63-3

bo
wo
to
w
cooo cosoo coooo wooo eeese cooo cooeo coocoso sosoeoco eecs ocooos

5 132-78 || 550-4| 63-1 || 787-7| 62-2 5 131-83 | 553-6| 66-8 || 815-5| 65-3
20 121-98 || 534-8| 57-9 | 807-8| 56-9 20 123-80 || 534-7] 60-3 || 820-2| 60-2

23 128-85 || 527-3| 59-6 || 790-0| 59-1 23 126-48 || 523-4) 62-5 || 829-1| 61-6

June 30 2 133-48 || 540-1| 64-2 | 772.6| 62-7 |July 13 2 131-78 || 535-6| 65-1 || 790-8| 64-0
5 133-27 || 546-4| 66-4 | 785.0| 65-1 5 131-60 | 545-4! 66-3 | 810-6| 65-3

20 123-75 || 528-1] 59-8 || 786-1| 59-9 20 122-45 | 526-4| 58-3 | 833-5| 58-5

23 131-96 || 523-5| 62-5 || 790-8| 61-8 23 129-41 | 521-0| 59-3 | 830-4| 59-2

July 1 2 136-52 || 543-0| 66-1 | 757-7| 65-0 | July 14 2 131-00 | 528-3] 61-4 | 805-5| 60-6
5 133-50 || 549-8| 68.4 | 805-7| 66-9 5 129-80 | 539-6| 63-5 | 813.4| 62-3

20 126-39 || 479-9] 58-4 | 618-5| 58-7 * 5d 125-23 | 535-5| 56-8 | 818-1| 56-7

23 130-65 || 502-1| 58-4 ||.731-7| 58-5 23 128-83 || 530-6| 59-1 || 796-5| 58-4

July 2 2 138-01 || 542-4| 60-0 || 809-6] 59-9 |July 15 2 133-24 | 540-4| 64-4 || 788-0] 62-8
5 137-41 || 559-0| 61-6 || 799.2| 61-2 5 130-72 || 551-1| 68-7 | 789-2| 66-7

July 3 20 132-20 || 443-6| 56-4 | 522-6| 56-4 20 122.65 | 524-8} 60-2 || 801-6] 60-4
23 133-27 || 502-6] 58-2 || 742-1| 57-9 23 128-20 || 527-2| 63-3 || 786-3| 62-5

July 4 2 123-90 || 625-6] 60-5 |1062-8| 59-9 | July 16 2 133-00 | 545-2] 68-6 || 780-0| 67-1
5 129-49 || 573-9| 62-5 || 959-3| 61-7 5 129-49 | 548-0| 71-6 | 795-2| 69-7

20 123-20 || 512-2| 59-0 | 831.0] 59-2 | July 17 20 122-80 | 532-8| 59-9 | 825.2] 59-9

23 135-65 || 501-6] 61-1 || 848-9| 60-5 23 128-77 | 525-0| 61-7 | 805-0| 61-1

July 5 2 134-86 || 531-5] 62-6 || 812-6| 61-9 | July 18 2 135-08 || 536-5| 63-9 || 784-7| 62-9
5 132-27 || 530-4] 63.4 || 826-4| 62-7 5 131-78 | 542-3| 65-8 | 796-7! 64-5

BIFinar. k=0:0001248 g=0-000304=2-44 Scale divisions.
Baxance. April 174—Oct. 84 k=0-0000130 g=0-000073=5-60 Micrometer divisions.
DECLINATION. Torsion removed. Circle reading 40°. June 244 74, 57°. June 264 204, 230°.

See note below.) June
274 20%, 235°. July 147%, 312°. July 44 20h, 312°. July 84 8, 342°. July 154 8h, 4,

J une 264 204. A fibre of the Declinometer suspension thread found broken ; removed after the observation ; when the torsion
was tried, its effect was found equivalent to + 7-79. 'The reading at 20% was therefore corrected by —7"79.
July 14—44, Extra observations.

July 9455, Extra observations.
July 14254. Observation 5™ late. Instruments quite stationary.

MAG, OBS. VOL. I. ba

14 DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JuLY 18—AvcGustT 12. 1842.

Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE.
Mean Time of || DEcz1na-|__——__ |—__——_] Mean Time of || Deciina- {—£2———_||——__—___
Declination | ‘TION. Cor- lermo- Cor- |Thermo eee TION. eer pee a Thermo-
Observation. | rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. servation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter.
os eltiaiees Ei ywact tate
a, b.. m.|] t Se. Div. ° Mie. Div.) 2 ad oh m. 4 Se. Div. 2 Mic. Div, 2

July 18 20 0 | 125-88 || 537-2] 59-5 || 772-9| 59:5 July 31 20 0O}| 124-27 || 519-1| 60-9 || 714-0| 61-3
23 0|| 129-05 || 534-0] 59-8 || 792-2| 59-6 23 O}| 129-69 || 519-9| 63-4 || 789-6] 62-8

July 19 2 0} 134-75 || 530-2) 61-3 800-0| 60-5 |Aug. 1 2 0] 130-72 | 555-0] 69-5 || 798-1| 67-7
5 O|| 132-82 || 544-4] 62-7 || 808-4) 61-7 5 0} 134-75 || 564-6] 74-3 || 772-2] 72-0

20 0O|| 132-40 || 523-2] 56-8 || 794-7] 56-6 20 O|| 124-72 || 527-5} 62-5 || 784-0} 62-9

23 0} 130-30 || 521-4] 57-1 |) 806-6| 56-8 23 30]| 127-80 || 531-7| 65-7 || 758-1) 65-2

July 20 2 0} 132-27 || 540-3] 58-5 || 798-9 57-9 }Aug. 2 2 0] 135-20 || 541-5| 67-7 || 756-3] 66-7
5 0} 132-30 || 547-3] 58-8 || 816-3) 58-3 5 0}; 130-90 || 543-8} 70-7 || 763-0] 69-2

20 O|| 120-93 || 530-8] 59-1 || 803-5] 59-2 20 0}) 126-00 |) 528-4] 58-8 || 799-4} 59-4

23 O|] 125-22 || 526-9] 60-6 || 786-5} 60-1 23 0} 127-98 || 531-0) 61-8 || 778-3] 61-3

July 21 2 O| 132-38 || 538-9] 63-2 |) 794-1) 62-3 Aug. 3 2 0O|| 133-38 || 541-6| 68-0 || 758-8] 66-5
5 0O|| 130-52 || 543-8] 62-7 || 798-5| 63-1 5 0O|| 128-47 | 545-5| 70-6 || 761-2] 69-0

20 O|] 121-15 || 527-3] 55-4 || 822-0) 55-4 20 O|}] 125-62 || 530-0} 61-3 || 788-2} 61-7

23 0} 125-55 || 527-4) 56-3 || 819-9] 56-1 23 O|| 128-30 | 518-5] 61-2 || 780-0) 61-5

July 22 2 0} 133-67 || 548-1) 59-1 794:8| 58-2 }Aug. 4 2 O|| 132-65 | 539-7| 63-5 || 774-7] 62-9
5 0] 132-84 || 558-7| 62-5 || 807-9} 60-7 5 0O|| 129-49 || 557-9] 65-6 || 773-0| 64-7

20 0} 131-75 || 521-0] 52-9 |) 779-3} 53-1 20 || 128-40 || 531-3} 62-3 || 729-3] 62-0

23 0] 128-88 || 524-7] 55-3 | 800-7} 54-9 23 O|| 138-92 | 517-3] 64-7 || 766-7] 63-8

July 23 2 O|| 136-45 || 542-4] 62.6 | 801-6| 60-6 Aug. 5 2 0] 136-95 | 548-4] 67-0 || 760-2] 65-8
5 0} 130-73 || 571-7| 70-4 || 825-9| 67-3 5 0] 131-65 || 548-0] 67-4 || 793-0] 66-5

July 24 20 0}; 123-05 || 528-9] 62-3 783-9| 62-4 20 O|| 131-78 || 506-9) 56-9 || 714-8] 57-3
23 0|) 128-87 || 519-1) 63-9 || 786-8} 63-3 23 O|| 125-82 | 494-9] 58-8 || 792-4] 58-6

July 25 2 0} 135-22 || 538-3] 64-9 | 782-5) 65-0 Aug. 6 2 O0|! 134-82 || 529-2] 62.6 || 794-2] 61-6
5 0|| 130-83 || 545-3] 68-2 | 788-7| 66-8 5 0|| 124-07 || 531-6} 65-6 || 880-9] 64-1

20 0|| 122-87 || 529-2| 60-4 || 798-2} 60-4 | Aug. 7 20 0} 123-13 || 532-1) 57-9 || 774-6] 58-1

23 0} 130-09 || 523-3] 63-1 || 780-6| 62-3 23 0}| 129-08 || 519-5) 59-8 | 787-7} 59-3

July 26 2 0} 134-83 || 544-1] 66-2 || 761-0} 65-0 Aug. 8 2 O|| 132-51 || 540-0) 64-0 || 786-7) 62-7
5 0] 130-83 || 548-8] 68-1 || 783-9) 66-6 5 O|| 129-49 || 548-6) 65-4 || 791-2) 64-1

20 O}] 121-38 || 528-9] 60-4 || 794-8| 60-5 20 O|| 124-59 | 533-3) 62-8 || 770-2| 62-7

23 0] 128-54 |) 527-9] 62-9 || 780-9| 62-3 23 O}| 126-98 | 530-0] 64-9 || 755-3] 64-1

| July 27 2 0} 136-95 |] 542.9] 65-9 || 773-5| 64-9 Aug. 9 2 0} 133-05 | 533-2] 67-9 || 765-3] 66-7
5 0O]| 132-91 || 553-8] 67-4 || 793-2) 66-3 5 0] 130-18 || 547-1] 69-9 || 762-0| 68-5

20 0} 123-00 || 530-4} 58-6 || 798-7| 59-1 20 O|| 124-62 | 537-2) 63-8 || 779-6} 63-8

23 0} 127-23 || 525-6] 59-5 || 798-8| 59-5 23 0|| 127-47 || 526-8] 66-8 || 769-0] 66-2

July 28 2 0] 135-03 || 544-8] 60-9 || 776-1| 60-6 Aug.10 2 Of 132-55 |) 542-3) 72-1 || 746-6} 70-6
5 0O|| 131-90 || 551-2] 63-8 || 802-1] 62-7 5 O}] 128-97 || 551-4] 73-2 || 754-6| 71-9

20 O} 122-70 |} 524.6] 56-9 || 812-4] 57-1 20 0O|| 123-82 || 526-8) 63-9 || 753-9] 64.2

23 0]| 126-80 |} 520-2) 57-7 || 791-1} 57-6 23 O|| 126-32 |) 525-3} 62-8 || 770-1) 63-3

July 29 2 O|| 134-48 || 555-1] 59-8 || 753-3) 59-2} Aug. 11 2 O1|) 132-80 || 537-6) 64-6 || 790-4] 64-5
5 0|| 134-07 || 547-7) 61-5 | 800-5| 60-7 5 0|| 129-92 || 556-5| 68-5 || 784-8] 65-2

20 0O|| 123-87 || 524-5) 54-5 || 797-4] 54-9 20 O|| 123-07 || 530-3) 60-7 || 771-1] 60-7

23 0|| 127-87 || 521-6) 57-4 || 793-2| 56-7 23 O}] 137-12 || 518-2] 62-8 || 772-5) 62-2

July 30 2 0] 133-13 || 540-5] 61-7 || 770-2) 60-4 | Aug. 12 2 O|| 134-20 || 537-4] 65-6 || 764-7| 64-5
5 0} 132-31 || 554-2] 64-4 || 801-7} 63-0 5 O]| 129-82 | 542-7) 66-9 || 784-8] 65-9

BirinarR. k=0:0001248 g=0:000304=2-44 Scale divisions.
BaLance, April 174—Oct. 84 k=0-0000130 q=0:000073=5'60 Micrometer divisions.
DECLINATION. Torsion removed. Circle reading 4°. July 194 20h, 61°. (See note below.) July 204 6h, 80°. July 224
74, 101°. July 254 214, 108°. July 294 6b, 118°. Aug. 14 214, 110°. Aug. 54 62, 124°, Aug. 84 214, 118°.

July 184 20", A fibre of Declination suspension thread found broken. Torsion removed. Observation at 20% corrected for
torsion by — 3"°35.

July 194 5», A thread prepared on May 26, and having a brass weight suspended by it since, was now inserted, This thread
is composed of 20 fibres, instead of 16, as formerly. The torsion was completely removed, Brass bar left in during the night.

July 194 205, Observation of Declination 43™ too late, delayed during the elimination of torsion.

July 20464, The Bifilar reading is 53™ too late ; omitted accidentally.

July 224 20>; 294 5h; 314 20h; Aug. 44, Extra observations.

Aug. 14 235, Observation 30™ late.

a en Eee

——————

DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, AUGUST 12—SEPTEMBER 7.

Gottingen BIFILAR.
Mean Time of DECLINA-
Declination TION. Cor- |fhermo-]| Cor-
Observation. rected. | meter. || rected.
a oh m. u Sc. Div. I Mic. Div.|
Aug. 12 20 0 125-17 || 536-3) 64-5 || 769-3
23 0|| 128-83 | 531-5) 66-1 || 754-8
Aug. 13 2 0 132-33 || 537-4| 69-0 || 748-9
5 O}| 126-87 || 541-7| 68-6 || 775-6
Aug. 14 20 0 123-64 || 530-8) 61-9 || 794-1
23 0|| 127-94 || 530-0} 64-1 || 769-8
Aug. 15 2 0|| 131-82 |) 540-5) 70-7 || 749-0
5 O|| 126-85 || 547-3) 73-7 || 778-7
20 O|| 123-22 || 528-8} 62-5 |) 782-1
23 O}] 128-40 || 526-4} 63-6 || 772-0
Aug. 16 2 O|] 132-51 || 540-3| 65-5 || 763-4
5 0|| 127-78 || 546-6] 66-9 || 769-3
20 O|| 120-15 || 532-2) 61-3 |) 758-2
23 0} 130-63 || 535-6} 62-8 || 733.3
Aug.17 2 0|| 136-95 552-3| 67-7 || 740-1
5 O|] 130-22 || 558-4) 74-1 |) 730-1
20 O}| 126-22 || 528-5] 66-4 || 711-8
23 0O|| 133-77 || 518-0) 68-7 || 738-6
Aug. 18 2 0 134-07 || 541-9] 75-1 || 720-6
5 O|| 127-85 || 558-3} 79-0 || 807-2
20 O|| 127-83 || 516-0| 69-6 || 755-0
23 O}| 132-53 || 523-3] 70-4 || 715-6
Aug.19 2 0} 129-30 567-9) 71-4 || 764-4
5 O|| 125-05 || 595.2) 72-0 1123-6
20 O|| 124-20 || 519-8] 64-9 || 799-8
23 O|| 135-62 || 518-4| 65-4 || 774-7
Aug. 20 2 0}| 135-59 || 536-4] 65-2 || 775-2
5 O|| 128-57 || 538-8] 64-9 || 799-3
Aug. 21 20 0|| 123-84 || 519-4) 56-7 || 802-5
; 23 0|| 130-22 |) 519-3) 57-7 || 794-8
Aug. 22 2 0|| 137-18 || 545-0} 62-7 || 779-8
5 O]| 129-60 || 552-5| 66-7 || 790-5
20 0} 123-04 || 527-2} 59-4 || 786-0
; 23 0}| 133-20 || 521-7) 61-9 || 781-7
Aug. 23 2 0|| 132-50 || 547-5) 68-3 || 756-8
5 0|| 130-18 || 542-6| 72-2 || 756-0
20 O|] 122-91 || 534-7) 64-6 || 773-3
23 0}| 128-74 || 529-1) 63-6 || 762-3
Aug. 24 2 O|| 137-68 || 540-4) 63-4 || 772-1
5 O]| 131-80 || 538-5| 63-5 || 845-8
20 O|| 123-84 || 522-3) 53-6 || 798-2
23 0}| 130-09 || 520-9} 54-8 || 799-4
Aug. 25 2 0O|| 134-28 || 544-4] 60-4 | 785-1
5 0O|| 128-27 || 548-9] 63-6 || 804-7
BALANCE.
DECLINATION.

Sept. 54 21», 147°.

BALANCE.

Gottingen
Mean Time of
Declination
Observation.

Aug. 164 208; 194 5h; 244 54; Sept, 24 3h—9h; Sept. 54 6h,

Aug. 264,

Aug. 304 04,

Aug. 25

Aug. 26

Aug. 30 0

Aug. 31 2

Sept. 1 2

Sept. 2 2

Sept. 3 2

Sept. 4 20

Sept. 5 2

Sept. 6 2

Sept. 7 2

cocoo coco sooo oossc SsSesee cooo coooo coec eososcse oooo cooo$oB

DECLINA-
TION.

BIFILaR.

Cor-
rected.

Thermo-
meter.

Cor-
rected.

Se. Diy.
530-6
529-3
546-2
552-7

533-8
525-8
542-7
556-9

531-9
523-7
544-4
549-3

529-8
530-9
539-8
540-5

526-4
524-3
540-7
548-0

533-9
527-1
544-4
551-2

542-4
523:8
538-8
542-5

533-9
520-3
536-2
539-4

517-4
530-6
539-2
553-4

532-5
519-8
543-3
546-4

524-1
519-7
543-9
546-3

57-9
59-4

801-9
T77-2
768-4
783-9

759-1
759-7
751-8
753-7

794-8
781-7
750-9
746-5

775-9
744-9
759-2
781-1

790-1
790-8
759-0
767-4

788-7
765-8
758-3
771-1

748:3
760-2
766-9
849-2

747-2
761-4
781:5
790-8

770-1
775-6
776-1
803-2

772-7
768-4
768:3
795-2

793-6
794-2
768-6
782-8

Mie. Div.

Birinar. k=0:0001248 g=0:000304—2-44 Scale divisions.

Observation 1» late, by mistake.

April 174—Oct. 84 k=0:0000130 g=0:000073=5'60 Micrometer divisions.
Torsion removed. Circle reading 118°. Aug. 154 21%, 123°. Aug. 224 21%, 135°. Aug.

294 214, 147°.

Extra observations.

Aug. 2247, Observation to determine the value of = for the Declinometer thread.
Wind vane put up in Observatory.

ne ——————

»

BALANCE,

Cor-
rected.

Thermo-|
meter.

Mie. Diy.

773-1
769-4
750-8
786-6

757°3
794-4
785:3
811-5

778-2
784-0
775-5
804-6

791-4
785-8
766-3
766-1

784-6
783-1
762-4
788-2

795-5
778-6
767-9
771-1

754-8
786-6
816-9
849.7

779-7
791-3
785-2
813-6

778-5
795-4
775-2
776-6

761-3
772-3
769-2
7758

772-7
792-4
777-7
784-7

779-8
783-1
766-4
777-6

16 DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, SEPTEMBER 7—OCTOBER 5. 1842.
Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. Gottingen BIFILAR,
Mean Time of || DECLINA- ; Mean Time of || Decutina- |;
Declination TION. Gor- |Thermo-| Cor- |Thermo- Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-'
Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter Observation. rected. | meter.
d i m. Se. Div. 4 || Mie. Div. = dad oh m Ui bo Se. Div.
Sept. 7 20 0} 125-33 | 535-4 57-2 | 775-1| 57-3 | Sept. 21 20 0] 130-16 || 534-3
23 0]] 129-32 || 523-4] 57-8 | 777-5) 57-7 23 0} 136-30 || 528-3
Sept. 8 2 0} 134-08 | 536-6 58-9 || 773-4| 58-7 | Sept. 22 0} 140-23 || 548-5
5 0] 128-28 || 550-9| 60-5 | 793-7] 59-9 0} 134-42 | 544-5
20 0} 124-27 || 529-2] 55-4 || 793-6| 55-6 0} 132-30 || 538-2
23 0]| 129-37 || 518-2] 55-8 | 786-7| 55-8 0) 136-37 || 525-1
Sept. 9 2 0} 135-48 | 534-8 59-0 | 769-4| 58-2 | Sept. 0} 135-13 || 539-2
5 0] 127-00 || 557-8) 62-1 || 833-6| 60-7 0} 127-83 || 540-8
20 0] 125-46 || 529-8] 55-5 || 792-3) 55-7 0} 124-59 |) 535-8
23 0|| 130-43 || 525-5| 56-5 || 790-1} 56-4 0} 127-14 || 526-8
Sept. 10 2 O} 134-33 | 541-5) 59-4 781-1| 58-7 | Sept. 24 0 131-80 || 537-8
5 0] 129-69 || 542-6| 61-3 || 779-5| 60-3 0| 128-81 | 544-3
Sept. 11 20 0] 125-62 | 531-2) 55.5 755-7| 55-6 | Sept. 25 0} 122-20 }| 531-1
23 0|| 127-63 || 526-0} 56-2 || 777-8} 56-1 0}, 125-32 || 526-5
Sept. 12 2 0] 135-08 |) 532-9) 58-8 773-8| 58-1 | Sept. 26 0} 130-22 || 541-3
5 0] 127-83 || 545-3| 61-8 | 775-0} 60-3 0|| 127-68 | 549-0
20 0|) 122-70 || 519-2| 53-9 |) 785-4} 54-1 0} 123-80 || 533-4
23 0] 133-24 || 508-8| 54-8 || 802-7) 54-8 0|| 126-52 || 522-6
Sept.13 2 O|| 138-95 | 548-9) 57-7 | 785-5| 56-7 | Sept. 0} 134-00 || 538-4
5 O|] 127-17 | 542-9] 60-8 | 800-1] 59-4 0] 128-97 || 548-0
20 O|| 125-03 || 535-6] 59-2 | 746-4] 59-1 0}, 123-95 || 536-5
23 0|| 130-78 || 527-5] 60-4 || 762-5] 59-9 0} 126-43 || 526-1
Sept. 14 2 O] 133-60 || 541-2) 63-4 763-7| 62-3 | Sept. 0} 132-13 || 541-6
5 0] 129-56 || 550-6| 65-4 | 766-0] 64-2 0} 128-65 || 547-3
20 0|| 126-68 | 530-1] 60-6 | 762-6| 60-7 0} 122-82 | 539-0
23 0|| 131-49 || 529-4) 60-6 | 758-6| 60-7 0) 135-65 || 503-7
Sept. 15 2 0] 134-47 || 540-4) 63-6 | 757-7 62-8 | Sept. 0} 133-51 || 536-6
5 0|| 127-20 || 538-6| 65-0 || 781-5] 64-2 0|| 128-23 || 544-6
20 0|| 133-98 || 528-7| 59-6 || 758-7) 59-7 0|| 127-63 | 524-5
23 0|| 134-30 | 530-8] 60-8 || 768-3} 60-6 0], 126-25 || 531-2
Sept. 16 2 0] 136.22 | 536-8) 63-9 || 789-6 63-0 | Sept. 0|| 131-45 || 531-7
5 0|| 128.97 | 542-2] 65-8 || 791-0| 64-7 0} 130-50 || 528-1
20 O|| 131-32 | 536-7) 59-4 || 708-8| 59-7 0|| 126-43 || 531-8
23 0|| 136-50 || 528-3] 60-7 || 753-0| 60-5 0} 129-17 || 523-7
Sept. 17 2 0]] 133-62 | 542-4] 62-3 || 780-5) 61-7 0} 130-80 || 535-9
5 0] 129-37 || 541-5| 62-5 || 799-1} 62-2 0|| 129-01 | 538-7
Sept. 18 20 0] 130-45 || 528-5| 53-4 || 773-6| 53-6 0} 126-94 || 536-2
23 0] 132-27 || 526-2) 53-8 || 789-7| 53-8 0) 127-90 || 528-0
Sept.19 2 0] 133-73 || 542-8] 55-9 || 778-2] 59-4 0} 132-25 || 538-0
5 0O|| 127-70 || 542-9] 60-1 || 790-0] 58-4 0} 130-25 || 536-1
20 0] 124-62 || 529-2) 54-0 | 776-1) 54-1 0|| 124-93 || 536-1
23 O]| 135-45 || 524-1| 54-8 | 764-7] 54-7 0} 128-40 || 520-1
Sept.20 2 0]| 137-83 || 550-2) 58-5 || 756-7] 57-5 0} 133-77 || 539-8
5 0] 135-52 | 545-5] 62-4 || 791-5) 60-4 0} 129-78 || 546-6
20 0] 135-42 || 525-5} 50-4 || 756-7] 50-8 0| 125-82 || 535-3
23 O}} 133-13 || 521-9] 52.3 || 777-2) 52-6 0} 127-58 || 526-6
Sept.21 2 0] 137-30 || 539-0| 58-6 || 768-6) 58-1 0} 132-27 || 540-7
5 0] 130-75 || 544-3] 61-4 || 808-2] 60-4 0} 132-77 || 547-7
Birizar. k=0:0001248 g=0°000304=2-44 Seale divisions.

DECLINATION.
Sept. 234 65, 153°.

BaLANcE, April 174—Oct. 84 k=0:0000130 g=0:000073=5'60 Micrometer divisions.

Torsion removed.
Sept. 264 21, 146°.

Circle reading 147°.
Oct. 34 21, 157°.

Sept. 92 6, 147°.

Sept. 124 214, 127°.

Sept. 204 5» till 21¢ 8h,

Extra observations hourly.

Sept.

164 204,

61-1
61-7
62-5
62-7

56-4
57-2
58-2
58-5

54:3
53-9
54-0
59-2

51-8
54-0
58-8
62-2

52-6
52-8
54-6
57:5

50-5
50-2
57-8
59-3
50-2
51-0
53-0
59-3

48-2

48-0
52-6
54-4

47-3
47-6
50-1
52-3

51-7
51-7
52-1
52-3
44-3
44-0
47-6
51-0

46-1
47-1
50-6
52-5

137°.

DAILy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, OcTOBER 5—NOVEMBER 2. 1842.

aL
Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE, Gottingen BIFILAR. | BALANCE.
Mean Time of | DEcLINA- Mean Time of ‘|| DECLINA-
Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|} Cor- |Thermo
Observation. rected. | meter. || rected, | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter.
ad h. m is Se. Div. o Mice. Diy. d. oh. m. ts Se. Div. ° Mic. Div °

Oct. 5 20 0} 125-37 || 540-5| 50-0 || 760-8| 50-0 Oct. 19 20 O|| 126-15 || 536-3) 49-1 | 773-5| 51-6
23 0] 129-35 || 525-3] 50-8 || 765-3) 50-5 23 0} 131-22 | 529-3) 50-7 || 757-1] 52-6

Oct. 6 2 O|| 134-11 || 540-2} 54-2 || 758-6) 53-1 Oct. 20 2 0} 135-86 | 545-7] 53-0 || 759-3| 54-2
5 0] 130-18 | 542-1| 55-2 | 781-7) 54-3 5 0O]| 130-98 || 550-7| 54-9 || 763-1] 56-2

20 0O|| 124-59 || 541-4) 50-8 | 763-7) 50-6 20 0} 125-68 | 524-5] 42-0 || 758-1| 44-0

23 0|) 127-27 || 525-5| 52-4 || 766-1} 51-8 23 0}). 127-50 || 526-4) 44-7 || 786-2) 46-2

Oct. 7 2 O|} 135-59 | 535-8) 54-9 | 752-7) 54-0 Oct. 21 2 O| 133-65 | 541-1] 51-3 || 766-0) 51-6
5 0] 130-23 | 551-1] 57-3 || 750-4) 56-1 5 O|| 126-82 | 546-1] 52-5 775-1) 52-9

20 0O|| 126-12 || 528-8| 45-8 | 776-3| 46-6 20 0} 124-48 || 535-6) 47-1 || 756-3) 45-7

23 0] 132-25 || 518-5] 45-8 || 780-9| 46-5 23 0|| 127-85 || 517-7| 46-0 || 766-1| 47-0

Oct. 8 2 O} 136-80 || 540-7} 49-7 || 783-9| 48-8 Oct. 22 2 O|} 132-58 | 535-0) 47-7 || 767-3) 47-9
5 O|| 129-23 || 550-5| 56-3 | 784-7| 54-1 5 0} 126-90 || 540-9| 48-2 || 766-2| 48-2

Oct. 9 20 O| 124-65 || 538-0] 50-5 || 754-6} 50-3 Oct. 23 20 0] 124-40 || 529.8) 43-0 || 768-3} 42-8
23 0} 128-63 | 532-7) 51-6 | 746-8) 51-1 23 0} 130-05 || 521-0| 43-2 || 787-2| 43-7

Oct. 10 2 O|| 131-98 |) 544-3] 54-4 || 746-3) 53-3 Oct. 24 2 OO} 133-07 || 533-9] 51-1 || 773-0) 51-6
5 0] 126-45 || 542-8| 56-4 | 744-1) 55-3 5 0] 126-52 | 538-0] 52-6 || 776-6| 53-0

20 O} 124-95 |) 541-5] 53-6 | 747-8| 53-1 20 0] 124-86 | 530-4] 38-6 || 762-9) 40-1

23 O}| 128-10 || 535-7) 55-4 || 742-3) 54-6 23 0] 127-80 |, 524-6] 38-0 | 775-0} 39-1

Oct. 11 2 0} 130-89 || 544-7| 60-0 || 726-3| 58-7 Oct. 25 2 0} 130-78 541-2} 47-2 | 776-4] 48-5
5 0] 126-26 | 547-7| 62-9 || 729-3) 61-2 5 0} 127-10 || 534.8|) 49-8 || 785-5| 50-7

20 O|}] 124-42 || 535-0| 47-8 || 758-6) 48-6 20 0} 125-86 || 531-5] 38-6 || 764-1| 40-5

23 O} 125-92 || 519-3] 47-7 || 771-7| 48-0 23 0] 129-72 | 524-6] 39-1 || 771-4} 40-7

Oct. 12 2 O} 131-36 || 534.9) 52-1 || 758-8) 51-1 Oct. 26 2 OO] 181-92 | 540-8] 49-2 | 775-6] 51-1
5 O} 126-28 || 547-9| 57-4 || 744-3] 55-4 5 0] 128-60 | 544.3] 50-7 || 767-9] 51-6

20 O| 124-35 | 535-4) 44-3 | 762:0| 45-1 20 OO} 128-41 || 543-0} 46-5 || 762-1) 48-4

23 0|| 127-50 || 536-7) 48-1 || 786-8| 49-0 23 0]}) 130-23 || 532-5) 50-4 | 755-2} 51-8

Oct. 13 2 O| 134-50 || 542-1] 59-9 || 719-0| 59-5 |Oct. 27 2 0] 136-53 | 545-6) 55-3 | 747-0 56-7
5 0] 133-30 || 542-3| 60-5 || 815-2 59-6 5 0} 129-53 | 543-0] 54-3 || 794-6| 56-0

20 0} 132-97 || 531-8 50-59 750-8| 50-7 20 0} 128-70 | 528-6] 44-4 | 751-3] 45-4

23 0} 125-99 || 527-5) 51-6 || 758-8} 51-4 23 0}| 129-30 || 532-9} 45-5 | 771-8] 46-5

Oct. 14 2 O|] 131-89 || 538-4| 55-7 || 742-4| 54.6 ]Oct. 28 2 0] 131-50 | 541-0) 53-9 | 751-0| 54-5
5 O]] 133-44 || 532-7| 57-5 || 826-6) 56-5 5 0} 130-47 | 539-0| 53-8 || 769-2| 54-4

20 O} 125-42 || 536-6] 51-9 || 755-1| 52-0 20 0} 125-99 || 533-5) 46-5 || 755-5) 48-1

23 0] 130-18 || 528-0] 52-7 || 757-7| 52-4 23 0} 127-32 || 534-7| 50-9 || 768-5} 51-4

Oct. 15 2 O|}) 132-50 || 544-5) 57-3 || 749-1| 55-9 | Oct. 29 2 0O|| 131-45 || 536-1) 52-4 || 763-1} 52-9
5 0} 127-20 || 547-4| 60-6 || 739-1) 59-0 5 0] 128-95 | 542-6] 55-5 || 759-6] 56-2

Oct. 16 20 0|| 126-05 || 534-4) 50-0 ||, 749-7| 49-9 | Oct. 30 20 0] 125-15 || 537-5| 47-2 || 742-7] 47-3
23 0] 128-80 || 518-3) 49-8 || 755-0} 49-7 23 0] 125-60 || 538-5| 49-5 || 764-5] 49-3

Oct. 17 2 O]| 132-27 || 537-6| 50-7 || 763-6] 50-3 ]Oct. 31 2 0] 129-08 || 546.2] 55-8 || 739-8| 55-6
5 0] 116-43 || 547-0| 51-0 || 792-3) 50-6 5 0] 124-95 || 537-5] 55-6 || 763-8| 55-7

20 O} 126-46 || 529.3) 46-5 || 758-1} 46-9 20 O}| 124-95 | 544-5| 56-7 | 724-7] 57-7

23 O|| 126-45 || 523-7) 46-0 || 762-1| 46.4 23 || 127-67 || 537-2| 56-7 || 735-8| 57-6

Oct. 18 2 0] 130-92 || 548-7] 57-4 || -747-5| 57-9 |Nov. 1 2 0] 130-47 || 548-8] 60-7 || 715-5} 61-0
5 0}| 126-30 || 542-2) 57-5 || 767-2) 57-6 5 0] 127-34 || 548-5) 64-2 || 705-3) 63-7

20 O] 122-84 || 524-1] 41-2 || 754-9| 42-1 20 0} 126-28 || 537-9} 58-5 || 716-3) 59-7

23 0] 130-22 || 525-0| 41-7 || 866:0| 42.2 23 0}) 129-50 || 535-4] 57-7 || 719-1] 58-7

Oct. 19 2 O| 134-30 || 530-2] 43-1 || 880-6) 43-3 ]Nov. 2 2 O|| 133-88 || 541-0| 57-7 || 740-5| 58-7
5 0] 128-17 || 539-2] 44-5 || 784-2) 44-0 5 0O|| 130-16 || 538-5| 57-7 || 769-S| 68-7

Birizar. k=0:0001248 g—0:000304=2-44 Scale divisions.
Batance. April 172—Oct. 84 k=0:0000130 g=0-:000073=5'60 Micrometer divisions.
ef Oct. 94—Dec. 314 k=0:0000143 g=0:000073=5'10 Micrometer divisions.
DECLINATION. Torsion removed. Circle reading 157°. Oct. 104 21%, 166°. Oct. 174 21%, 166°. Oct. 244 21, 173°. Oct.

31¢ 214, 186°.

Oct. 174—184, Extra observations. Oct. 234, Anemometer erected.

MAG. OBS. VOL. I.

“
“.

18 DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, NOVEMBER 2—DECEMBER 3. 1842.

Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE.
Mean Time of _ || Dectina- | ————~————-|————_|_ Mean Time of DeEc.L1Na- ||] | —_——_
Declination TION, Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo Declination TION, Cor- |Thermo-|} Cor- |Thermo
Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter.
ah m. M Se. Div. G Mic. Div. Q dh. nk ® Sc. Div. £ Mice. Diy. ae
Nov. 2 20 0| 128-60 | 536-0| 51-6 || 734-2| 52:6 | Nov. 16 20 0|| 124-17 || 536-7| 49-3 || 745-5| 51-1
23 0} 131-55 | 538-8] 52-4 || 749-6] 53-5 23 0|| 126-43 || 534-6] 50-5 || 747-2) 52-0
Nov. 3 2 O|| 135-05 | 547-6| 54-9 || 753-2| 55-0 | Nov. 17 2 O|] 128-15 || 543-6| 55-0 || 742-7] 56-3
5 0|| 133-57 || 544-0] 57-7 || 757-7| 57-8 5 O|| 125-62 || 547-3| 56-7 || 742-9| 58-1
20 O} 125-25 | 537-2] 51-1 || 754-8) 51-1 20 O|| 125-17 || 530-8} 46-8 || 726-9) 48-1
23 0] 128-78 | 535-3] 51-6 |) 765-8) 51-6 23 0} 126-28 |} 532-6) 48-8 || 751-5] 50-2
Nov. 4 2 0] 131-18 | 546-9| 55-6 || 754-3] 55-7 | Nov. 18 2 0|| 127-50 || 545-3] 55-3 || 741-6| 56-3
5 0] 127-70 || 545-8| 56-3 || 752-8| 56-4 5 0}| 125-65 || 548-5| 56-2 || 734-9) 57-3
20 0} 127-57 || 533-8] 49-2 || 759-4) 50-6 20 0}] 125-20 |} 541-2] 47-4 || 742-8} 49-1
23 0} 129-01 || 529-8] 50-9 || 765-7| 52-3 23 0|| 127-68 || 535-2} 48-9 || 747-6| 50-4
Nov. 5 2 O|| 131-27 || 542-7] 54-5 || 755-9] 55-8 ]Nov. 19 2 0|| 129-14 || 545-8] 51-9 || 751-7| 52-9
5 O|| 127-65 || 544-2) 55-3 || 760-8| 56-8 5 0O|| 126-88 || 549-4) 57-8 || 727-6| 58-5
Nov. 6 20 0] 125-60 || 538-1| 42-8 || 755-3] 43-0 | Nov. 20 20 0] 127-94 || 539-4! 39-4 || 730-9| 40-0
23 0]) 125-15 | 526-0| 42-7 || 758-9| 42-9 23 0|| 128-98 || 528-8| 41-0 || 747-6} 41-9
Nov. 7 2 O]| 129-58 || 544-1) 49-3 || 765-6] 49-7 | Nov. 21 2 0] 130-72 || 548-6] 47-4 || 763-3| 47-6
5 0|| 126-82 | 546-4] 53-9 || 738-8| 53-8 5 0]| 127-63 || 542-2] 51-5 || 752-8) 51-9
20 0} 125-83 || 542-7} 50-3 || 745-5) 51-8 20 O|| 134-82 || 500-2| 43-4 || 647-5] 45-1
23 0} 126-43 | 538-1] 52-6 || 750-2} 54-4 23 0|| 133-47 || 532-1| 47-7 || 747-6] 49.4
Nov. 8 2 0O|| 128-40 | 546-2) 56-5 | 730-4] 57-5 |Nov. 22 2 0 |) 133-57 || 528-7) 50-8 || 807-0) 52-3
5 0} 126-62 | 548-5] 57-1 || 730-2] 58-3 5 0}| 127-03 |} 539-6] 51-9 || 828-8] 53-6
2 O|| 125-25 || 547-5| 51-9 || 731-2) 53-4 20 0|] 128-34 || 537-7| 45-2 || 710-7| 47-3
23 0] 127-23 || 541-1) 52-7 || 733-6| 54-1 23 0|| 130-98 || 508-1} 43-0 || 761-1} 45-0
Noy. 9 2 O|| 129-10 | 546-3| 58-7 || 719-7] 60-0 | Nov. 23 2 0|| 129-95 || 533-9] 43-1 || 752-7| 44-6
5 0] 125-68 || 545-6] 57-4 | 730-9) 48-4 5 0] 125-72 || 531-9| 43-7 || 769-5| 44-2
20 0|| 126-02 | 543-8| 48-4 || 703-7] 50-1 20 O|| 125-95 |} 530-1] 35-2 || 760-6) 35-9
23 0}| 134-95 | 521-1] 48-5 || 744-9] 50-3 23 0|| 128-07 || 527-6| 36-7 || 758-6| 36-4
Nov. 10 2 O/|| 138-37 || 548-4] 54-4 || 776-5| 55-4 |Nov. 24 2 0|| 127-92 |) 5283) 37-6 || 762-3) 37-5
5 0O|| 126-97 | 544-0] 55-5 || 800-9) 56-7 5 0O|| 123-64 || 519-5| 38-9 || 792-3] 38-5
20 0O}| 132-64 | 521-9] 49-4 || 718-4] 50-6 20 O|| 125-97 || 538-0} 40-5 || 742-5) 40-3
23 0|] 126-70 | 530-3) 50-2 || 755-1] 51-3 23 0|| 125-79 || 534-0} 41-1 || 745-5| 40-9
Nov. 11 2 0|| 130-52 || 539-9| 57-8 || 750-0} 59-2 | Nov. 25 2 0 || 129-80 || 532-9| 42-1 || 747-1] 41-8
5 0O|| 122-44 || 539-7] 55-9 || 789-8] 57-3 5 0|| 126-12 || 537-6| 42-7 || 754-3] 42-5
20 0O]|] 126-02 | 535-2] 53-3 || 749-4] 54-9 20 O|] 127-57 || 548-5] 56-3 || 712-5} 57-9
23 0|| 128-08 | 537-0] 52-5 || 745-8] 53-9 23 0|| 129-90 || 543-6] 57-5 || 722-0| 59-2
Nov. 12 2 0O|| 129-72 || 541.7] 56-4 || 744-6] 57-4 | Nov. 26 2 0|| 131.23 || 546-5] 56-9 |) 728-1) 58-9
5 0} 127-17 | 544-3] 58-3 || 744.5] 59-4 5 0|| 128-90 || 549-5} 59-6 || 719-3} 61-3
Nov. 13 20 0] 126-45 | 533-0] 41-9 | 742.4] 42-5 | Nov. 27 20 0|| 127-08 || 539-0| 42-0 || 740-0} 42-3
23 0}| 125-83 || 535-9| 43-5 || 760-9| 43-9 23 O|| 127-61 || 542-8) 48-6 || 737-3] 48-6
Nov. 14 2 O]| 128-98 || 547-3| 52-5 || 743-3| 52-2 | Nov. 28 2 0] 129-30 |} 550-9} 55-3 || 716-1] 55-2
5 0] 126-66 | 546.2} 54-5 || 733-5] 54-6 5 0|| 127-48 || 554-9} 57-0 || 707-8) 57-4
20 0] 126-05 | 531-0} 42-6 || 749-.9| 44-6 20 O|| 127-17 || 549-2] 52-9 || 714-1] 55-2
23 0] 125-90 | 537-4| 48-4 || 754-5| 50-8 23 0|| 123-85 || 552-3] 57-8 || 719-2] 57-9 .
Nov. 15 2 O|| 126-15 || 546-6] 53-4 || 744.2] 55-2 | Nov. 29 2 O]] 130-33 |} 546-5] 57-4 || 717-5) 58-8
5 0|| 125-19 || 548-9| 55-8 || 741-4] 57-5 5 O]] 123-78 || 553-4] 57-5 || 720-4] 59-1
20 0} 125-30 || 536-1] 47-8 || 744-3] 49-8 20 O|| 122-67 || 541-4) 47-8 || 706-9| 49.3
23 0 127-81 534-6] 48-4 753-1) 50-2 De TE UA poseerrrne | errant becckcor i ory cura fneccoc
Nov. 16 2 O]] 129-14 || 535-8] 53-3 || 754-9] 55-1 | Dec. 3 2 O)f. c-seereee |] veeeee | cesses HT cveeee |! eneee
0 0

127-63 || 543-2] 54-1 || 766-1] 56-0 5

Birizar. k=0-0001248 g=0:000304—2-44 Scale divisions.
BALANCE. k=0-0000143 g=0:000073=5'10 Micrometer divisions. }
DECLINATION. Torsion removed. Circle reading 186°. Nov. 74 21», 200°. Nov. 114 6», 150°. (See note below.) Noy. 144 |
21%, 165°, Noy. 284 21h, 172°,

Noy. 34 8h; 54 4h; Qd__]04; 194 6h; Q]4 994, [Extra observations.

Nov. 114 6, On removing the Declination magnet, in order to make the Dip observation, the suspension cylinder was not held
sufficiently hard down, so that the fibres became loose. The torsion was removed.

Nov. 294 23"—Dee, 34 2h, Observer in Edinburgh on business connected with the observatory.

DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, DECEMBER 4—31. 1842. 19

Gottingen BIFILAR, BALANCE, Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE.
Mean Time of DECLINA- Mean Time of Deciina- || ————— |___—_—_
Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-| Cor- Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor-
Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. . Observation. rected. | meter. || rected.

Z Sc. Div. S Mice. Div.
122-70 || 547-1) 48-8 || 710-5
123-07 || 545-9 706-2
124-42 || 553-0 : 693-1

124-83 || 553-5 . 697-6

129-55 || 534-5 ; 711-4
124-82 ; +3 || 709-5
127-52 D : 723-3
124-25 D : 726-7

125-75 a ‘ 695-4
125-55 36: . 705-0
128-28 2: ; 717-7
129-03 31 p 753-0

124-60 y . 716-1
124-66 S . 720-2
128-27 : 736-8
118-83 . p 701-7

125-45 Ht : 707-9
125-93 : . 715-5
127-54 F u 712-8
125-95 39- 3 || 755-1

123-93 - 728-5
124-42 - 731-7 544-9 728-0
126-42 : . 738-0 551-0 714-9

m. Se. Div.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

: 0
124-30 : 3 || 729-6 Y 0 545-9 721-4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

a Mice. Diy,}
538-0] 43-4 || 726-6
539-5] 46-4 || 734-7
552-0| 53-8 || 710-1
547-8| 56-4 || 711-3

547-8| 54:3 || 705-6
545:3| 54-4 |) 706-5
546-1} 56-4 || 712-1
550-1} 57-1 || 705-2

551-5] 58-6 || 683-0
547-5| 56-8 || 686-3
551-0} 56-0 || 697-6
553-9| 61-6 || 687-9

548-9 692-6
547-5| 58-7 || 673-4
548-3| 58-4 || 701-4
548-4 709-0
544-0 7075
540-4 722-8
547-5 709-6
544-8 714-8

538-2 734-4

ad bh
. 4 20
23
5-2

123-20 ; D 737-6 547-0 700-7
124-82 . D 739-6 545-9 . 709-0
125-55 +d 7158 548-9 “ 687-6
124-00 ; . 701-2 550-3 695-4

123-18 D . 696-0 539-2 705-8
125-75 y : 695-6 548-5 z 710-2
127-03 P : 693-2 553-2 : 709-1
125-08 > . 700-7 552-5 702-3

125-95 . “ 688-4 541-0 717-3
125-72 : : 695-4 545-2 . 726-0
128-07 D . 699-3 555-1 . 707-7
124-55 : 705-5 549-2 699-0

124-70 a - 708-0 546-8 698-1
125-37 : 2: 712-3 542-6 c 708-0
127-50 < 722-6 547-6 714-8
125-08 : . 704-3 553-2 687-5

124-13 : . 699-2 547-8 677-2
125-72 5 : 697-5 548-1 : 693-8
126-95 : . 708-2 546-2 . 696-3
124-86 i . 703-9 535-1 706-1

124-32 . D 700-6 550-2 676-1
125-82 : 721-7 545-8 . 693-4
126-55 : . 711-5 549-4 : 685-7
125-35 : . 711-0 548-7 694-1

m.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

BirizaR. k=0:0001248 g=—0-000304=2-44 Scale divisions.
BaLANcE. k=0:0000143 g=0:000073=5-10 Micrometer divisions.
DECLINATION. Torsion removed. Circle reading 172°. Dee. 54 21, 172°. Dec. 124 214, 165°. Dec. 194 214, 168°.

Dec. 54 20h; 9455; 174 4», Extra observations.

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TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS

OF

MAGNETOMETERS.

1841 anp 1842.

MAG. OBS. VOL. I.

22 TrERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1841.

Géttingen JULY 21, 22.
Mean Time
Deelintion DEcuLINA- Brrizrar | Bawtance | DEcwINA- Brrmar | BAvAnce | Dectina- | Biritar | Batance | DEcLINa- Brritar_| BALance
Observation. TION. Corrected.| Corrected, TION. Corrected.) Corrected, TION. Corrected. | Corrected, TION. Corrected,| Corrected.
Min. , Se. Div. Se. Diy. | Mie. Div. Se. Div. | Mie. Div. p Sc. Div. | Mic. Diy.
104, 14h, 18h, Qoh,
0 129-80 | 497-8 : 487-6 481-0 136-41 | 456-2 .
Bi Wiille eter eek ar aay : 777-7 696-7 135-23 738-3
10). Wises 492.9 : 489-4 475-0 134-33 | 460-8
15 129-52 : : 777-2 . 133-72 735-7
20 130-09 | 494-7 . 486-4 475-4 133-57 | 461-8
25 130-35 132-84 736-1
30 130-03 | 494-2 | = fJssreeee 481-0 474-0 131-95 | 462-4
35 129-98 33+ 131-25 735:8
40 129-35 | 491-2 * 482.7 469-6 130-36 | 466-1
45 128-76 130-18 730-1
50 128-65 | 490-1 42 | 481-3 466-5 130-18 | 466-6
55 128-56 2 129-09 733-9
114, 154, 19h, 23h,
0 128-85 | 490-6 o 474-9 459-9 129-47 | 466-5
5 129-09 5 127-95 734-1
10 129-29 | 493-0 * 474-7 462-6 128-98 | 466-3
15 130-43 128-27 733-8
20 130-60 | 491-9 : 464-0 460-1 128-96 | 473-0
25 131-18 129-15 735-7
30 130-55 | 490-5 37- 448-2 462-1 129-23 | 471-7
35 130-05 129-50 737-6
40 129-76 | 490-9 +23 | 444-4 463-7 129-78 | 474-1
45 129-20 130-35 739-0
50 129-18 | 491-1 : 440:8 464-0 130-13 | 474-8
55 129.29 130-76 740-1
12h, 164, 204, oh,
0 129-09 | 490-9 D 459-0 471-3 130-72 | 473-9
5 129-12 . 130-83 747-5
10 129-15 | 491-7 A 473-8 7 468-4 131-27 | 476-0
15 129-50 131-42 742-3
20 129-29 | 491-2 ‘ 475-8 468-6 131-80 | 477-9
25 129-12 : 131-95 741-8
30 129-25 | 490-9 c 474-0 467-8 132-57 | 479-9
35 129-12 34- 133-22 742-1
40 129-25 | 490-6 * 475-3 461-3 133-00 | 483-0
45 129-35 133-95 741-9
50 129-52 | 492-5 30- 457-3 134-15 | 483-9
55 130-05 133-85 741-7
13h 21h, ib
0 130-35 | 491-6 H 447-3 134-10 | 484-9
5 129-67 134-17 744-8
10 129-78 | 490.4 27: 443-2 134-00 | 478-8
15 129-58 : 134-03 745-3
20 129-29 | 488-7 D° 444-0 133-93 | 475-6
25 128-92 134-22 745-8
30 128-52 | 488-5 : 453-2 134-02 | 478-0
35 129.42 5 134-28 745-2
40 129-38 | 488-6 : 448-2 134-20 | 478-3
45 129.55 133-93 746-1
50 129-67 | 488-2 : 451-3 134-23 | 476-7
55 129-82 133-97 746-7
~ + | 20] a | a 13 | 14 v7 | 18 | 19 20 | 21 | 22 | 1
Brriuan THERMOMETER, 62:3 62-4 | 627 | 6255 | 62:3 | 618 | 611 | 60:6 | 59:9 | 59-4 | 59-3 59-1 | 589 | 58:6 | 58-6 | 58-7
Batance THEnmomeren, . | 62-7 | 622 | 630 | 623 | 62-2 | 622 | 61-9 | 612 | 60-7 | 59°9 | 597 | 59-9 | 59-7 | 592 | 58-7 | 59-0

During the Terms of 1841, the Bifilar and Balance Magnetometers were observed 2™ 30% after the corresponding minutes of
Declination observation.

July 21¢—224, 1841. The Bifilar and Balance magnets, during this term, had their N. poles E. and W. respectively ; the opposite
direction to that which they afterwards occupied. Increasing readings, however, still indicate increasing force ; the Bifilar readings hay-
ing been subtracted from a constant quantity.

TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1841. 23
Gittingen JULY 21, 22. Awucust 27, 28.
Mean Time
Deckination Decuina- | Brrmaz | BaLance | Decuina- Brean | Batance | Decuna- | Brrrzan | Baance | Decuia- BrFItaR | BALANCE
Observation. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. \Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected.
Min % Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. t Se. Div. | Mic. Div. t Se. Div. ' Mic. Div. L Sc. Div. ' Mic. Div.
gh. 62, 10", 14,
0 133-47 | 475-9 130-43 | 499.2 133-24 | 555-6 126-14 | 552-6
5 134-22 749-4 131-25 765-1 132-44 734-1 124-86 570-2
10 134-00 | 476-6 130-69 | 499-7 130-42 | 555-4 123-15 | 566-8
15 134-10 748-2 130-70 766-4 129-50 732-6 123-02 577-9
20 133-90 | 482-2 130-47 | 498-4 129-09 | 555-7 122-30 | 560-3
25 134-08 748-2 130-56 769-3 128-50 723-7 122-15 598.4
30 134-33 | 486-1 130-32 | 497-6 126-80 | 555-6 122-60 | 562-2
35 133-75 749-9 129-87 770-0 125-42 708-0 122+84 595-9
40 133-70 | 481-8 129-83 | 496-4 128-65 | 561-0 123-95 | 561-5
45 133-77 749-8 129-62 771-6 131-85 673-0 123-92 603-0
50 133-63 | 485-8 129-63 | 499-6 132-93 | 538-6 124-13 | 561-5
55 133-58 751-1 129-23 774-0 130-50 669-5 124-08 611-8
j 3h, 7s 1p 155,
0 133-63 | 481-9 128-92 | 498-8 125-87 | 534-9 122-87 | 560-1
5 133-20 751-7 129-22 773-1 121-42 679-6 123-79 621-6
10 132-88 | 481-9 128-60 | 499-9 121-18 | 546-4 122-88 | 556-5
15 133-00 754-3 128-63 773-0 123-07 682-6 123-52 626-8
20 133-04 | 482-8 128-21 | 502-0 125-52 | 546-1 123-48 | 555-8
25 133-07 755-6 128-82 774-2 126-90 685-1 125-02 637-4
30 133-13 | 487-4 128-90 | 499-3 129-45 | 555-2 126-23 | 553-2
35 132-64 756-6 129-00 773-8 132-35 677-7 126-20 645-7
40 132-02 | 486-8 129-27 | 500-7 132-30 | 554-4 126-94 | 553-5
45 132-68 755-6 129-42 774-1 131-88 670-2 128-32 650-7
50 132-77 | 490-0 129-92 | 500-3 132-18 | 551-8 128-80 | 551-7
55 132-64 756-3 130-52 776-0 131-53 669-7 129-18 656-2
4h, gh, 12h, 16%,
0 132-57 | 490-6 130-43 | 498-8 130-47 | 552-6 129-33 | 554-3
5 132-42 759-3 130-67 767-7 130-25 664-7 130-20 656-8
10 132-24 | 488-6 130-62 | 498-8 129-92 | 547-3 129-35 | 555-9
15 131-97 759-4 130-63 767-3 129-69 660-5 129-83 656-3
20 132-37 | 489-0 130-42 | 499-2 129-58 | 543-4 127-78 | 557-1
25 131-91 758-2 131-08 767-7 130-75 649-8 128-10 656-1
30 131-91 | 491-5 130-56 | 501-0 135-53 | 542-7 126-95 | 556-5
35 131-87 758-4 130-20 765-3 136-45 588-6 129.30 663-9
40 131-71 | 494-8 130-13 | 497-1 130-09 | 561-7 129-87 | 554-1
45 131-90 758-3 129-95 774-6 131-08 447-0 129-49 663-9
50 131-91 | 495-1 129-60 | 495-3 137-15 | 551-0 130-52 | 553-3
vi 55 131-97 758-4 129-20 775-8 142-31 433-6 128-80 668-6
ny 5h gh, 134, 174,
at 0 131-33 | 497-4 129-13 | 495-6 141-13 { 539-6 130-69 | 554-0
a 5 131-18 759-7 128-87 776-9 139-09 454-1 131-02 671-2
} 10 130-87 | 497-1 128-50 | 499-0 134-03 | 550-4 130-87 | 553-7
| 15 131-17 760-3 128-47 777-4 137-80 477-9 132-25 670-7
20 131-13 | 497-1 128-17 | 498-3 141-71 | 548-6 133-30 | 546-8
25 130-87 759-9 128-12 779-5 142-45 464-0 134-99 676-3
30 131-08 | 497-9 128-15 | 493-4 141-45 | 538-5 135-55 | 536-3
35 130-70 762:3 128-10 779-2 138-67 500-0 135-08 676-5
40 130-65 | 494-8 128-03 | 491-3 136-30 | 546-7 135-45 | 534-8
45 130-53 761-9 128-40 778-3 133-42 524-5 136-23 676-5
50 130-73 | 496-0 128-58 | 491-4 131-15 | 549-3 136-30 | 541-7
55 130-67 764-0 128-55 777-9 128-10 ‘| 560-5 137-67 679-2
Pie) ane foe tPF | g | 9 [10| 1] um] ie] is] 1 | 15 | 16] 7
Briar Turrmomerer, | 58:9 | 59-5 | 59-9 | 59-9 | 60-0 | 60:2 | 59'8 | 59-6 | 64-6 | 64-4 | 64.4 64.3 | 64:6 | 63-7 | 63:7 | 63-7
BALANCE THERMOMETER, | 59:6 | 59-7 | 60-2 | 60-2 | 60-7 | 60:6 | 59-8 | 60:3 | 656 | 65:8 | 65:8 | 65°8 | 65:8 | 65°5 | 65:5 | 65:6

24 TERM-DAy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1841.

Gittingen Avcust 27, 28.
Mean Time
Sa Dectiina- Brrrzar | BALance | DECLINA- Biewar | BaLance f DECLINA- Birizar | BALANcE | DEcLINA- BIrILar Babance
Observation. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected.
, Se. Diy. Se. Div. | Mic. Div. vi Se. Div. | Mic. Div. “ Se. Div. | Mic. Div.
18, pon. on 6h,
138-61 { 543-7 539-5 147-63 | 554-8 138-30 | 563-6 :
138-75 711-4 147-47 706-9 138-70 727-4
139-76 | 542-5 538-4 146-97 | 558-6 138-55 | 566-1
| 140-85 702-8 146-87 704-2 138-57 732-3
141-27 | 536-8 537-1 146-40 | 560-6 136-88 | 571-6
140-56 704-5 146-48 699-5 135-05 744-0
140-38 | 542-7 533-1 146-57 | 562-0 131-80 | 570-1
49.27 708-4 | 145-77 701-2 | 129-72 753-6
142-65 | 5427 527-3 145-17 | 555-0 130-13 | 573-4
142-40 713-8 145-08 700-8 130-76 762-8
140-05 | 549-8 523-8 145-32 | 559-1 130-16 | 570-2
| 139-95 717-0 145-22 | wee eee 128-89 773-7
19%. 2am Bye as
139-27 | 550-0 523-9 145-19 | 555-0 128-28 | 566-7
138-80 713-7 144-25 708-2 128-95 773-1
137-75 | 552-3 525-8 143-33 | 559-4 127-15 | 572-3
138-58 711-4 142-38 709-9 129-62 762-9
140-36 | 555-1 525-9 142-30 | 563-9 135-05 | 568-7
| 140-98 711-5 142-33 713-7 136-67 764-8
| 140-70 | 554-6 533-4 142-31 | 558-5 136-12 | 560-0
139-16 716-6 141-60 713-4 135-00 760-0
137-90 | 553-0 534-8 141-22 | 563-6 135-88 | 557-2
136-35 718 141-18 708:8 135-12 761-4
135-68 | 547-1 539-4 141-18 | 565-3 134.50 | 559-6
136-32 718-8 141-51 707-1 134-77 756-2
1 202, oh, 4h, gh.
| 137-18 | 545-4 544.6 141-84 | 570-9 134-90 | 561-2
138-01 721-0 | 141-98 710-5 | 134-03 758-0
137-88 | 545-2 547-5 142-18 | 563-9 133-30 | 562-9
136-63 718-6 | 142-65 712:3 | 133-72 758-4
136-38 | 546-3 546-5 142-38 | 553-4 133-68 | 559-7
| 136-85 716-3 | 142-07 706-8 | 134-22 758-6
| 136-37 | 544-4 549-9 141-82 | 556-4 133-10 | 554-5
135-77 706:0 | 141-57 698-5 | 132.31 752-1
136-13 | 541-8 552-1 140-98 | 562-5 133-31 | 559-8
137-27 701-5 | 140-83 695-9 | 133-95 748-4
137-94 | 547-4 551-6 140-56 | 561-4 134-20 | 558-5
137-57 696-5 | 140-20 691-5 | 133-83 748-0
21h, 14, Bhs gh,
137-17 | 544-9 556-3 139-72 | 563-4 134-68 | 556-6
136-08 696-3 139-72 692-0 135-68 746:8
135-42 | 541-3 555-6 139-72 | 565-0 136-15 | 557-1
134-42 700-3 139-63 697-9 135-75 739-8
135-82 | 543-7 556-3 139-38 | 561-7 135-77 | 555-5
135-85 701-5 139-10 701-6 135-06 737-2
136-02 | 543-2 558-3 139-29 | 563-3 134-08 | 555-9
136-78 709.2 139-13 713-5 133-88 734-2
137-34 | 543-1 548-8 139-13 | 565-3 133-60 | 555-6
| 137-01 713-2 139-23 708-1 133-55 734-2
| 136-12 | 540-1 550-6 139-23 | 563-6 133-00 | 554-7
136-34 711:3 139-00 708-6 133-00 733-1
| 18 | 19 | 20 a1 | 22 a3| 0 | 1 2 s|4|s| 6 Ee 10
BiriLark THERMOMETER, 63:3 | 63:0 | 63:1 | 63:7 5: | 67°7 é 70°2 | 69°5 | 69-0 | 68°6
Batance Turnmomeren, | 65-6 | 64-7 | 63:8 | 643 | 64-3 | 65-0 | 66-0 | 66-4 | 67-4 | 68-0 b 68-8 | 67-8 | 68-0 | 67-8 | 68:7 | 68-8 | 68-8

TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1841. 25

531-2 536-2 133-24 | 537-6 515-2
621-6 133-66 646-4

114, 15%, 19%, 23h,
531-1 535-6 133-75 | 534-4 515-0
133-22
532-4 534.2 132-80 | 535-6 516-9
132-93
533-2 534.2 132-98 | 534-8 518-2
133-08
533-4 534-9 132-97 | 534.2 517-7
132-97
535-0 534-5 133-08 | 534-8 520-2
133-79
533-8 535-9 131-77 | 533-6 520-8
132-62

12h, 164, 204, 0h,
533-6 533-5 132-02 | 532-9 519-8
132-93
535-1 534-4 132-87 | 531-8 522-1
132-67
536-8 533-6 132-38 | 529-9 522-3
132-20
538-3 533-7 131-95 | 530-0 . 525-2
. 133-20
537-2 534-6 133-51 | 529-1 523-7
133-45
537-2 533-1 133-44 | 526-8 521-7
133-02

13%, igs Phe ee
536-6 534-4 133-90 | 524-9 522-9
132-88
536-2 533-9 132-30 | 524-5 524-3
132-62
537-1 534-7 132-57 | 524-7 526-4
133-40
537-2 534-2 133-77 | 521-7 526-4
134-46
535:3 535-5 134-62 | 520-5 528-2
134-20
535-7 537-4 134-62 | 519-4 528-7
134-57

Gittingen SEPTEMBER 22, 23.
Mean ‘Time
Declination Deciina- Breizak | Batance | Decuina- | Brrmar | BaLance | Decuina- Birman | BALANCE Brritar | BALANnce
Observation, TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected. Corrected. | Corrected.
Se. Div. | Mic. Div. Se. Div. | Mic. Div. f Se. Diy. | Mie. Diy. Se. Div. | Mie. Div.
10, 142, 18}, Bon
542-6 536-5 133-40 | 536-3 519-6
597-4 133-28 647-3
. 535-4 . 535-9 133-45 | 535-8 521-4
599-3 133-48 645-3
530-7 535-6 133-77 | 535-0 519-4
J 601-2 133-88 645-8
: 535-4 : 535-0 133-73 | 535-0 519-4
608-2 133-47 647-8
; 532-1 536-0 135-46 | 532-9 515-7
614.2 133-30 647-6

BIFILAR THERMOMETER, . . | 60.4? 60-4 | 602 623 | 618 61°6 | 61:6 | 61-4 | 61.7 24 | 62-4 | 61-6 60:9 60:6 | 60°6 | 60-6

BALANCE THERMOMETER, . 60.3¢ | 60-3 60°3 | 61°8 | 61:7 | 61:7 617 | 612 61:7 | 62:4 | 62:3 | 61:5 | 60:9

MAG. OBS. VOL. I. G

Gottingen
Mean Time

of

Declination
Observation. |

Min.

TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1841.

SEPTEMBER 22, 23.

OcroBER

20, 21.

Done | Gorresta |Coeaata| amen arte | Bae Oe Gated | Corcened |) “arom. | Goevestanl | Gaeeateat
' Se. Div. | Mie. Div. > || semiy. | sieeiv. ' Se. Div. | Mic. Div.| Se. by. | Mic. Div.

Qh. 6}, 104, 14h,

141-29 | 529.0 137-75 | 542-4 128-30 | 508-6 117-61 | 491-8

141-25 645-1 | 138-08 645-9 | 128-30 666-1 | 117-61 572-1

141-15 | 530-1 138-18 | 550-7 128-23 | 509-3 :

141-15 645-7 | 137-78 646-1 | 128-10 665-4 | 117-60 570-3

141-18 | 529-3 137-52 | 549-2 128-07 | 510-5 .

140-92 645-2 | 137-48 653-5 | 128-14 664-9 | 124-70 554-1

140-76 | 530-1 137-98 | 537-5 128-14 | 509-8 :

140-93 647-5 | 138-07 653-6 | 127-88 663-2 | 133-22 507-2

141-20 | 533-8 138-07 | 535-2 128-03 | 509-9 35-

141-13 649-2 | 138-14 656-4 | 127-77 658-2 | 135.63 490-7

141-60 | 536-5 138-23 | 534-9 127-55 | 509-6 3

141-64 650-6 | 138-08 658-3 | 127-30 659-7 | 132-20 501-0
3h, 7h, 112,

141-32 | 533-7 138-25 | 536-4 127-03 | 506-8

141-50 654-2 | 138-28 661-0 | 126-28 653-3

140-32 | 535-4 138-25 | 539-6 125-75 | 505-8

141-22 654-9 | 138.23 663-0 | 125-94 652-5

141-12 | 537-9 138-01 | 539-2 125-98 | 504-0

141-18 654-0 | 138-07 663-0 | 125-77 652-7

141-09 | 539-4 137-67 | 538-2 125-52 | 504-0

140-89 653-5 | 137-80 664-6 | 125-02 651-8

140-87 | 539-6 137-60 | 538-8 125-20 | 504-5

140-60 655-9 | 137-57 665-5 | 125-78 639-7

139-82 | 535-7 137-45 | 539-0 126-27 | 539-0

139-72 656-3 | 137-52 667-6 | 129.49 601-7
4h, gh, 12,

oro cuee 532-9 137-74 | 540-6 131-87 | 534-1

139-45 654-0 | 138-17 666-7 | 131-44 565-7

139-07 | 534-3 138-23 | 538-9 129-27 | 523.2

138-78 652-6 | 138-21 666-5 | 128-53 563-2

138-67 | 533-8 138-17 | 539-6 127-72 | 513-6

138-40 651-1 | 138-01 667-1 | 125-39 565-4

138-37 | 536-7 137-98 | 539-5 122-42 | 512.4

138-30 649-4 | 137-70 664-4 | 120-22 563-3

138-12 | 536-6 137-83 | 539-4 119-73 | 512-0

137-92 649-7 | 137-58 665-8 | 118-96 560-0

137-78 | 536-9 137-63 | 538-9 117-32 | 503-1

138-08 648-7 | 137-30 665-4 | 115-74 564-1
5h, gh. 13,

137-88 | 540-5 137-57 | 536-8 115-05 | 499-9

137-75 649-4 | 137-81 666-2 | 116-30 570-1

137-72 | 539-3 137-28 | 539-2 117-70 | 488-4

137-88 649-0 | 137-37 666-6 | 116-77 579-3

137-48 | 539-2 137-15 | 538-6 114-90 | 494-4

137-18 650-4 | 137-14 665-5 | 114.97 577-8

137-50 | 538-8 137-17 | 538-2 116-48 | 500-3

137-57 647-4 | 137-85 665-7 | 118-01 5721

137-63 | 542-3 137-74 | 538-2 118-45 | 497-2

137-52 648-0 | 137-83 665-5 | 117-05 566-3

137-55 | 542-0 137-77 | 538-7 116-95 | 493-1

137-60 647-0 | 137-70 667-0) |, 117-75) |) es 9 19570:4. ||, 122-530 een eee

9 10

CERNRECERERDET a :

BIFILAR THERMOMETER,

60:8 | 60:9

624 | 635 63:5 | 62:7 625 | 62-0 61:6

BALANCE THERMOMETER,

| 60-9 61-0 | 62-0 | 63:0 | 625 | 62-7 | 62-7

524 | 54:0 | 55:0

53°8 | 53:2 | 52-8 | 52-4 | 51:2

Gottingen
Mean Time

0!
Declination
-JObservation.

Hovr,

TERM-DAyY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1841. 27
OcroseEr, 20, 21.
Dectina- | Biriuar | Batance | Dectina- | Birmar | Batance | Dectina- Biritak | BALance | Dectina- Bremar | Batance
TION. Corrected,| Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. f
£ Se. Div, | Mic. Div. V Se. Div. | Mic. Div. te Se. Div. | Mic. Div. Se. Div. | Mic. Div.
18h, 2on Pie 62.
122-51 |) 476-1 126-81 | 488-7 129-15 | 498-8 122-00 | 508-8
122-64 530-6 127-77 605-7 129-23 767-7 122-60 696-3
122-38 | 473-7 128-82 | 485-9 130-38 | 501-3 123-43 | 512-1
123-63 522-9 129-38 606-8 131-27 767-6 124-99 693-6
120-58 | 480-4 128-20 | 486-8 131-45 | 498.9 124-45 | 489-4 |
121-90 549-5 129-00 604-8 133-60 757-5 111-95 | 694-7
123-93 | 482-8 128-63 | 486-3 131-87 | 494-3 108-62 | 508-8 |
127-60 533-0 128-75 606-3 132-58 747-8 106-08 | 698-5
130-33 | 489-4 129-75 | 487-6 131-73 | 500-0 96-85 | 524-2
132-70 505-1 130-82 610-3 132-08 739-2 100-00 679-0
133-88 | 499-2 130-16 | 485-1 131-48 | 507-0 105-24 | 510-4
133-37 489-1 129-42 612-5 132-93 727-7 103-29 683-4
19%, 23h, gh. 7h
135-15 | 502-9 132-50 | 490-7 133-27 | 513-3 104-18 | 502-1
134-02 479-9 132-95 616-9 133-31 722-1 106-57 683-7
133-04 | 507-6 132-37 | 484-8 134-83 | 516-8 107-54 | 491-1
131-33 475-6 132-88 623-9 136-94 7148 106-68 696-1
129-82 | 510-2 133-02 | 484-8 137-03 | 515-2 109-45 | 504-8
130-16 472-7 136-50 625-2 135-60 720-2 113-38 687-7
128-37 | 506-9 136-92 | 493-5 135-82 | 522-4 117-30 | 500-3
129-27 484-8 137-40 627-8 137-35 723-6 117-14 669-3
128-76 | 498-2 138-28 | 484-9 139-53 | 518-1 112-20 | 502-4
129-02 498-9 136-15 631-7 139-70 728-4 113-43 658-4
130-18 | 495-4 134-48 | 478-4 137-38 | 503-5 114-22 | 498-1
129-18 506-1 134-48 632-5 137-80 731-9 111-09 668-8
204, 02. 4h, 8h,
125-94 | 498-8 133-48 | 478-2 139-00 | 495-7 116-57 | 505-0
127-17 519-2 134-32 628-7 136-05 773-7 119-49 654-1
125-46 | 494-9 135-48 | 479-6 131-62 | 496-2 122-15 | 496-1
125-25 531-5 135-50 629-1 119-73 775:8 123-04 657-2
124-73 | 496-6 135-12 | 487-9 111-62 | 540-9 123-11 | 491-2
124-57 544-0 135-45 628-5 118-98 747-8 122-30 662-2
124-08 | 500-2 135-88 | 494-3 124-00 | 527-0 122-24 | 496-3
125-42 559-2 136-37 634-7 127-35 725-6 122-67 663-3
124-82 | 494-5 137-10 | 500-0 130-23 | 509-1 123-83 | 500-2
125-22 565-6 136-47 642-3 130-30 698-9 125-83 663-8
126-03 | 505-7 137-28 | 501-4 130-30 | 502-7 127-52 | 498-3
127-03 572-0 137-60 644-9 130-63 680-3 127-45 662-3
21. 1 5h, gh,
126-52 | 497-7 138-35 | 496.4 130-80 | 514-2 127-65 | 497-6
126-60 574-6 138-20 652-4 130-67 672-4 128-30 664-5
127-07 | 494-9 138-78 | 491-6 130-96 | 517-8 128-30 | 496-5
127-80 580-2 139-09 663-3 130-72 676-3 128-85 663-4
128-70 | 490-8 139-25 | 474-8 130-60 | 513-3 128-92 | 497-0
129-82 587-0 139-15 686-8 130-62 676-0 127-10 659-7
130-50 | 483-6 139-05 | 476-8 130-42 | 507-3 126-94 | 505-3
128-69 593-8 136-90 711-1 130-05 680-2 128-85 656-0
128-50 | 480-9 137-98 | 490-0 129-36 | 504-8 130-33 | 497-6
128-43 595-8 134-72 744-1 130-42 693-3 130-15 655-0
127-30 | 481-8 131-35 | 500-7 129-87 | 497-3 128-95 | 503-7
127-32 601-3 129-42 755:3 126-80 703-6 129-12 648-5
-- | 18] 19 | 20| 2 22| 23| 0 | 1 2/3 4| 5]. 6 PASSES st

BIFILAR THERMOMETER, | 51:6 | 51:3 | 50:1 | 49°1

BALANce THERMOMETER, 518 | 51:4 | 50°6 | 49°6

48-6 | 49-4 | 50-4 | 51-2 | 52:6 | 54:6 | 54-9 | 54.8 | 54-6 | 55:3 | 541 | 52:8 | 52-04

48:8 | 49:1 | 49-9 | 50-7 | 52.1 | 53-6 | 536 | 53.4 | 53:8 | 54-9

54:5 | 539 | 53:9

28 TrermM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1841.

Gottingen NovemBer 26, 27.
Mean Time
Declination DEcLINA- BIirttar | BAtance | Deciina- Brrmar | BALance | Decitna- Brrmar_ | BALANCE DECLINA- BIFILAR BALAaNnce
Observation. TION. Corrected.| Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected.
Min. | t Se. Div. | Mic. Diy. Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. f Se. Div. | Mie. Div. a Se. Div. | Mie. Div.
| 10%, 14%, 18%, 22h,
0 | 129-33 | 510-7 513-1 128-92 | 513-5 129-90 | 506-0
By 129-23 634-4 634-2 128-92 626-3 129-56 614-6
10 128-93 | 512-6 512-4 128-92 | 512-4 130-50 | 506-9
15 128-87 635-0 633-3 128-47 626-4 130-07 614-1
20 128-87 | 512-2 510-7 128-17 | 512-7 130-32 | 506-9
25 129-00 635-9 632-7 128-14 626-8 130-58 610-8
30 128-35 | 512-3 509-6 127-78 | 512-3 130-87 | 508-1
35 128-21 636-4 631-0 128-03 628-5 130-74 611-0
40 128-14 | 511-2 509-2 128-14 | 512-3 130-45 | 506-4
45 127-97 635-0 628-6 128-30 629-2 131-28 611-3
50 127-81 | 510-8 509-5 128-62 | 511-7 130-93 | 508-3
55 127-78 636-1 630-8 | 128-98 629-6 | 131-05 610-4
ihe 152, 19%, Date
0 127-92 | 512-9 | 508-2 128-98 | 511-0 130-83 | 507-7
5 127-70 634:3 628-1 128-87 629-8 131-38 610-2
10 127-68 | 512-5 508-0 | 128-89 | 511-2 131-31 | 508-6
15 127-97 636-6 | 627-8 129-13 630-2 131-48 606-7
20 127-65 | 511-6 507-8 | 129-40 | 511-4 132-02 | 509-1
25 127-83 638-5 | 629-6 129-18 630-4 132-30 607-3
30 127-88 | 512-6 509-6 129-07 | 511-5 132-07 | 509-5
35 128-12 638-3 631-6 129-23 631-6 131-71 604-4
40 128-40 | 513-0 510-4 ’ 129-13 | 511-5 131-77 | 510-0
45 128-35 638-1 | 629-1 129-16 631-1 132-05 606-3
50 128-83 | 511-3 511-6 | 129-25 | 511-3 132-22 | 510-5
55 129-10 639-9 626-8 129-12 634-2 132-25 605-5
Ps 164, 201, 0,
0 129-20 | 508-5 512-6 129-10 | 510-6 132-22 | 510-1
5 128-90 639-5 626-2 129-16 634-0 132-40 605-6
10 128-93 | 510-0 | 511-7 128-98 | 510-4 132-47 | 511-4
15 128-82 | 639-5 : 623-8 129-03 635-2 | ...... 609-8
20 128-85 | 512.4 | 510-7 129-12 | 510-0 132-65 | 511-5
25 128-60 | 637-9 624-1 129-02 633-7 132-71 609-7
30 128-23 | 509-3 512-4 128-96 | 510-2 132-73 | 511-9
35 127-85 637-2 624-1 129-12 633-8 132-71 608-6
40 127-75 | 510-3 512-2 129-15 | 509.2 132-64 | 510-7
45 128.03 636-7 623-8 129-07 633-8 132-48 609-8
50 128.23 | 512-4 511-9 129-15 | 509-0 132-65 | 509-7
55 128-53 636-5 624-4 | 129-03 634-3 | 132-53 609-8
13h, 17 2h ite
0 128-56 | 510-8 512-4 129-15 | 508-5 132-60 | 508-5
5 128-37 636-3 624-9 129-12 633-2 132-75 | 608-6
10 128-28 | 509-1 512-6 129-09 | 508-3 133-04 | 510-5
15 128-56 635-4 625-4 128-93 632-0 133-30 606-6
20 128-78 | 510-2 512-4 129-32 | 507-8 133-07 | 510-4
25 128-75 633-1 623-9 129-43 631-6 133-27 606-0
30 128-40 | 508-9 513-6 129-23 | 507-0 132-97 | 511-5
35 128-08 633-9 624.9 129-23 628-8 132-85 606-1
40 128-17 | 508-5 514-2 129-53 | 507-3 | 132-47 | 512-0
45 128-20 633-8 622-2 129-50 | 624-3 132-48 606-0
50 128-12 | 510-0 513-8 129-72 | 507-3 132-44 | 512-9

BIFILAR THERMOMETER, . 46°6 | 48:1 | 49-1

BALANCE THERMOMETER, . | 462 | 484 7-6 | 47a 47-9 | 47-6 | 47-6 47-6 | 47-4 ara | 472 465 | 458 463 | 47-1 | 48-1

TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1841. , 29

Gittingen NovemBer 26, 27, DECEMBER 22, 23.
peas ire
cs)

Declination |} Decurna- | Bremar | Batance | Decuina- Brritak | BALANCE | Dectina- | Birman | BaLAnce | DeEctina- Brrmar_ | BALANCE
Observation. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. ,Corrected.| Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected.

Se. Div. | Mic. Div. Se. Div. | Mic. Diy. Se. Div. | Mic. Div. \. Se. Div. | Mic. Div.

Qh, 6h, : 104. 14,
512-3 514-2 513-6 515-2
638-0
512-0 514-5 504-5 514-1
yaicares Sasieads 632-6
511-9 515-0 sueat (CHOTA Pekan all LGA
oe dehaceess 627-5
512-8 515-7 499-5 516-6
623-1
512-3 .20 | 513-9 505-8 patie ea e522
Meapeats 620-3
5115 514-6 513-4 516-0

619-9
ase
515-7
617-0

517-0
615-3
515-4
612-5

612-1

610-7

Birman Tuermomerer, | 49°8 | 49-2 | 49°6 | 50-4 | 51-4 | 52.0 | 52-3 | 526 | 529 [41-0 | 429 | 491 | 442 | 450 | 460 | 468 | 47-6

BALANCE THERMOMETER, | 43:8 | 47-6 | 48-6 | 49-1 | 50-1 | 51-1 | 51-1 | 51-2 | 51-22]39-7 | 41-4 | 41-7 | 49:5 | 43:5 | 44.0 | 45-1 | 456

Dec. 234 04, 1841. Discovered the stirrup of the Declinometer resting on the copper ring. The observations before 04. were worth-
less, on this account. The magnet was wound up.

2 MAG, OBS, VOL. I. a

30 TrerM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1841.

Gittingen DeEcEMBER 22, 23.
Mean Time
of

PDecthontion | Dmanins- | Buraiks) | Banades | Deon | eee, (Cerresiat.|) omaMe | Geerectadl| Correctea.| avons | Corvected. VGReaemtaat
5 Se. Diy. ' Mic. Diy. Us Se. Div. | Mic. Diy. . Se. Div. Mic. Div. ‘ Se. Div. | Mic. Div.
18h, 22h. gh, 6h, |
O | metdgee 521-4 514-2 132-97 | 516-5 133-00 | 517-2 :
ae Uh i <vewoeae 596-2 602-7 133-10 613-8 33: :
LOje |) bees 520-0 507-4 132-91 | 518-7 133-08 | 517-3 ;
Vert fecatoecde 595-2 599-1 132-93 614-1
20 ceeereeee 521-6 | | eeeeeeeee 514-6 132-71 | 518-8 133-05 | 516-8
She 1h we aeeee de BORA a | coceesnks 598-9 132-68 614-2 ‘
BO eeeeeeees 522-8 | | eseeeeeee 518-1 133-00 | 519-8 133-86 | 517-7
CPR | ibeeon nats BRR |) esaccecke 594-8 132-83 611-0 ;
40)¢ 4) eaten. 2: 525-0 | | eee ee eee 515-0 132-68 | 518-6 133-30 | 512-3
45] ween eeee 589-6 | -eee sees 600-4 132-80 610-4
50. ss. deat i 525207) RRR 514-8 132-87 | 518-1 132-17 | 515-7
rite | inser cosals 584-1 J veeee nese 592-7 132-67 611-2

19%, 23h, 3h, wh
O} eats. S230) 9 lochs. 512-4 132-67 | 520-6 130-70 | 519-0
Gn olW i cacexerks BRBIOL Ile .scne Bs 594-1 132-82 609-0
10; “ee sistce. CATE y 9] (mann [PREG ices 512-6 132-78 | 520-1
oy Mey lpateaores BRO! sc cecects 596-9 132-93 609-8
DO) | estan. L928 || yiifretentees 513-6 132-60 | 517-8
Ba hi ranoyecte BOOST Elles scaart.- 594-2 132-45 606-3
30! OL teikkese SUSE “bilectehesccs 514-3 132-20 | 517-5
ae eepecrer a BRE p a | Memoobose 593-2 132-24 604-9
40° | 'tedeik se. 516-4 513-5 131-85 | 518-1
eM tl ecceen ce 594-5 593-4 131-95 604-4
5O ff weeeseeen 515-5 510-8 131-85 | 519-2
75) eal (uarBoseaeg 599-6 598-1 131-57 608-4
Os Oltcertn: 509225 ||) Siiikaseon 506-1 131-40 | 519-5
pie Nhat crea cis 601-6 134-68 601-2 131-30 613-4
LO}, iliksteeee ee 507-0 135-53 | 513-5 131-33 | 519-5
We ivvemsecsh. 605-0 135-17 598-9 131-37 618-5
BH. itstwaeves. 506-3 134-19 | 511-0 131-02 | 520-7
Da Wl eccaswsae 606-9 134-83 602-0 131-25 617-7
30i.4 [heeene. 506-3 134-82 | 511-0 131-13 | 519-3
7 |) ebopeecon 606-2 134-90 599-6 131-15 616-9
40). hrBetee ss 514-5 134.66 | 510-2 131-20 | 520-2
BAB Winckaoas. 604-0 134-26 599-9 131-47 613-6
50) edhewees 518-2 134-42 | 507-8 131-24 | 519-4
7} oecbecoce 606-5 133-92 605-6 131-40 612-6

0: leet 522-0 133-73 | 510-2 131-50 | 519.8
50 tN) eee 603-0 | 133-53 606-5 | 131-38 608-2
1Oy Preetree: 518-2 133-80 | 513-0 131-22 | 519.8
C5 RPE 602-3 133-57 607-2 131-17 609-3
207. Nesta: 518-4 133-38 | 516-2 131-30 | 519-7
Da. at eee 601-3 | 134.02 6125 | 131-05 609-6
S00) | ies. 515-9 133-99 | 518-6 131-05 | 519-2
etl ee 599-2 | 134.08 6121 ] 131-45 609-9
Mon Geaeex: 516-9 134-32 | 518-9 131-65 | 518-6
AGe 4 Neestess.ts 600-9 133-60 611-7 131-77 613-4
BO. li heletesk 516-4 133-97 | 518-6 132-77 | 518-1
Bae Lees 604-0 | 133-77 610-9 | 132.93 614-0
BIFILAR THERMOMETER, 48-5 | 49:8 | 49-8 | 49°9 49-4 | 48.7 | 48.4 | 47-9 | 47-6 | 48:5 | 49:5 | 50-1 | 506 | 51°6 | 52-1 | 52-6 | 531?
BALANCE THERMOMETER, 46°5 | 47°3 | 47°8 | 47:8 | 47-8 A474 | 48°5 | 49-4 | 50-1 | 50-6

Dec. 234 04, See note on the Declinometer, page 29.

| Birinan THEermomerer, . | 55:9 | 55:6 | 55:6 | 556 | 56:8 | 56-8 | 54-9 | 54-6 | 55:8 57-0 | 57-8 | 56-7 | 5L6 | 58-5

TreRM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1842. 31

Gottingen January 19, 20.
2 a
Declination Decuwa. | Bretear | Barance | Decuiwa- | Brrrear | Bavance| Dectrna- | Brrrear | Bavance | Decurna- Birtzar_ | BaLance
Observation. TION. Corrected. Corrected, TION. Corrected.) Corrected} TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected,
Min. £ Se. Diy. ' Mic. Diy. @ Se. Div. | Mic. Div. § Se. Div. | Mie. Div. ¢ Se. Div. ! Mie. Diy.
104 14 18h, 22h
0 123-98 | 519-1 | 958-1 126-77 | 520-4 | 943-6 127-90 523-3 948-1 129-3 512-0 | 944-5
6 123-45 | 520-4 959-5 127-63 | 521-2 | 944-2 128-03 | 523-1 945-3 129-80 | 512-3 942-9
12 123-25 | 518-9 | 961-1 127-65 | 520-6 944-1 127-97 521-3 948-7 130-22 | 512-7 942-6
18 123-42 | 517-8 | 958-9 127-45 | 519-4 944-8 127-97 | 519-9 | .«---.. 129-78 | 512-7 944-4
24 123-70 | 516-8 960-5 127-57 | 519-7 | 943-9 127-27 | 520-7 944-8 130-13 | 512-2 | 947-4
30 123-58 | 517-9 | 958-7 127-70 | 519-9 945-4 127-27 | 521-7 945-4 130-09 | 512-1 946-7
36 123-17 | 517-5 958-2 128-01 | 519-9 946-7 128-80 ; 521-7 946-9 131-15 | 513-2 950-2
42 |] weeeeeeee 519-2 958-0 128-01 | 520-0 945-9 127.27 | 520-1 942-9 J veeeeeeee 513-4 951-5
48 123-73 | 517-5 958-4 127-63 | 520-0 946-4 126-97 | 523-9 | 942.7 132-37 | 512-6 954-4
54 125-48 | 516-6 | 959-1 127-50 | 520-8 947-4 125-79 | 523-2 | 943-0 132-93 | 512-3 955-5
114 154 19h pe
0 125-92 | 515-0 | 959.9 127-67 | 522-2 | 948-7 125-63 | 525-6 | 943-7 132-44 | 512-0 | 957-5
6 125-90 | 513-8 957-2 127-78 | 520-7 949-3 126-19 | 523-7 940-7 132-98 | 513-1 957-9
12 125-05 | 515-0 | 956-0 127-92 | 520-3 949.2 126-30 | 524-0 941-9 133-13 | 512-2 957-6
18 125-35 | 517-0 962-9 127-30 | 519-1 947-2 126-82 | 523-8 942.4 133-11 | 512-3 958-4
24 126-28 | 515-2 962-1 126-40 | 519-7 947-3 127-55 | 521-3 941-7 133-30 | 513-0 956-9
30 125-48 | 514-6 | 958-3 126-10 | 519-8 945-4 125-79 | 524-2 | 938-1 133-67 | 512-7 956-2
36 124-07 | 523-5 952-0 125-65 | 519-5 946-8 126-72 | 524-3 940-2 133-67 | 512-9 957-4
42 126-48 | 520-6 | 950-3 125-52 | 518-9 947-5 126-62 | 523-3 940-8 133-80 | 513-2 956-0
48 126-40 | 527-4 | 944.2 125-60 | 517-7 949-0 126-59 | 524-2 | 938-2 134-27 | 513-5 955-2
54 128-17 | 521-0 943-7 126-68 | 516-3 949-1 126-77 | 524-5 940-7 134-31 | 514-1 954-8
12h, 16» 204. gh
0 128-25 | 516-8 942-6 126-82 | 514-8 950-9 128-65 | 522-1 941-0 134-47 | 514-0 | 956-8
6 131-47 | 517-2 | 939-4 127-81 | 514-4 953-3 129.27 | 522-2 941-9 134-37 | 514-8 956-6
12 134-13 | 514-2 | 934-6 128-35 | 515-2 954-0 129-65 | 522-3 942-6 134-33 | 515-3 958-2
18 134-92 | 514-4 | 928-5 128-52 | 515-5 953-8 129-65 | 521-6 941-1 134-44 | 515-6 | 958-4
24 134-57 | 519-9 | 919.2 129-37 | 515-7 955-1 129-43 | 522.2 939-3 134-92 | 516-1 958-5
30 132-78 | 528-8 911-2 130-38 | 515-9 953-2 129-12 | 520-6 941-8 135-25 | 516-9 960-3
36 131-62 | 529-0 907-5 150-80 | 515-3 952-8 129-30 | 518-0 942-3 135-72 | 518-1 962-4
42 130-55 | 527-0 908-1 130-35 | 515-0 951-1 129-18 | 518-4 | 943-5 | «---..--- 517-9 962-6
48 129-58 | 525-0 909-1 129-28 | 515-4 948-4 129-23 | 517-5 942-9 135-15 | 518-0 964-4
54 129.49 | 523-2 | 913-5 127-95 | 515-7 947-3 129-21 | 517-9 941-8 135-02 | 519-5 964.0
134, ity 21h, 1h
0 129-92 | 521-8 918-2 127-32 | 516-0 948-5 129-15 | 518-7 943-3 135-28 | 519-5 963-1
6 128-98 | 520-1 918-6 127-01 | 517-1 949-2 128-70 | 515-9 943-3 135-60 | 520-7 960-9
12 127-48 | 520-1 919-9 126-82 | 517-0 949-9 129-23 | 516-1 945-4 135-73 | 521-4 959-1
18 126-28 | 519-9 919-4 127-10 | 517-9 951-3 128-78 | 514-3 944-6 135-32 | 521-5 956-8
24 125-60 | 521-0 922.1 127-47 | 517-8 952-5 128-94 | 515-2 944-9 135-08 | 521-5 959-4
30 125-68 | 519-5 924.6 127-87 | 519-2 953-8 128-37 | 515-2 945-7 135-13 | 522-0 952-1
36 125-66 | 518-6 925-9 128-43 | 520-4 955-1 128-97 | 516-0 947-9 135-17 | 522-7 951-1
42 125-75 | 518-2 937-6 129-03 | 520-2 | 955-1 128-98 | 515-0 945-6 136-05 | 522-7 | 948-6
48 125-62 | 519-2 939-5 128-92 | 520-7 953-0 129-23 | 515-5 945-6 135-95 | 522-4 | 948.6
a4 : 126-26 | 519-2 941-4 128-60 | 522-3 951-4 129-52 | 513-5 944.9 136-25 | 523-5 947-5

rn | wo | 11 | 1 is | 14] 15] 16 | 17 |

53-6 | 55-6

BALaNcE THERMOMETER, . | 56-6 | 56-6 | 56-1 | 56-1 | 80 | 57°3 | 559 565 57-7

594 | 57°3 | 565

55°38 | 54:6

During the Terms of 1842, the Bifilar was observed 2, and the Balance 4", a/ter the corresponding minutes of Declination observation.
January 204 64, 1842, Discovered some of the fibres of the Declination thread broken and caught on the copper ring; the fibres
were detached from the ring, but the thread broke away fibre by fibre during the remainder of the term. The observations before 6.
are corrected by minus 13! in order to make the readings nearly as on other days, the difference being due to torsion force. These obser-

vations are given here; they are not however considered of much, if of any value, as the fibres were probably breaking throughout the
whole term.

32 TreRM-DAy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1842.

Gittingen January 19, 20. Feprvuary 25, 26.
Mean ime })
Declination DECLINA- BIFILAR Batance | DeEciina- Brrivar | BALANCE DEcLINA- Brremar | BaALance DEctINA- Brrmar | BAaLAnce
alana TION. Corrected. |Corrected. TION. Corrected. |Corrected. TION. Corrected. Corrected. TION, Corrected. |Corrected. .
Min. | fi Se. Div. | Mic. Diy. ‘ Se. Div. | Mic. Div. ¢ ; Se. Div. Mic. Div. t Se. Div. Mice. Div.
/ Qh, 64, 10%, 144,
|
O || 136-28 | 524-9 | 945-8 | --.--.. 525-7 | 952-3 122-42 | 524-3 | 862-1 132-25 | 522-6 | 869-7
6 | 136-42 | 525-3 944-1 J 0... 525-4 952-2 125-99 | 518-4 869-0 132-82 | 523-7 869-2
12 || 136-53 | 525-7 | 943.4 | -..-..... 525-6 | 953-5 128-85 | 517-6 | 879-7 133-64 | 521-5 | 867-8
18 136-45 | 5 3 943-4 J ores eneee 525-2 953-6 131-09 | 516-0 | 884-2 134-15 | 521-7 | 866-7
24 | 136:53 | 5 + 942-5 | vree neers 524-5 956-4 131-65 | 515-7 | 883-8 133-82 | 522-9 863-8
30 136-33 | 525-6 | 942-9 | ....-.-++ 523-6 | 956-9 131-16 | 519-3 | «-.-.. 134-40 | 521-0 | 864-0
36 136:15 | 525-8 | 941-8 | -..---- 523-1 | 957-2 131-72 | 522-9 | 878-0 133-67 | 523-5 | 862-7
42 136-15 | 526-2 | 941-7 | «--...e: 523-1 | 957-7 131-90 | 524-5 | 878-4 134-70 | 523-6 | 862-9
48 || 136-05 | 526-6 | 943-0 | «-..-..+- 524-0 | 957-5 132-33 | 524-8 | 879-2 154-72 | 520-9 | 861-1
54 | 135-85 | 526-6 | 945-0 | ..--..--- 524-3 | 957-3 133-08 | 523-9 | 877-0 134-33 | 523-9 | 861-1
| 3h 7 itil 154
0 135-70 | 527-2 | 944-0 | ......-.- 523-9 | 956-9 133-28 | 522-1 | 876-1 135-60 | 523-9 | 861-7
6 135-72 | 527-4 | 944-4 | ......-. 523-8 | 956-5 132-88 | 522-8 | 875-9 135-33 | 522-9 | 860-4
12 135-75 | 527-4 | 943-4 523-6 | 958-6 133-00 | 521-0 | 877-6 135-02 | 525-7 | 861-1
18 135-68 | 526-8 944-0 524-1 958-0 132-44 | 523-1 876-2 135-22 | 526-5 861-2
24 ~=|| «135-68 | 526-7 | 941-0 524-7 | 958-3 131-92 | 520-4 | 878-2 134-90 | 525-8 | 859-6
30 135-39 | 525-9 | 943-0 525-0 | 958-0 131-00 | 518-8 | 879-2 133-53 | 526-9 | 858-6
36 ~=—||_:«135-30 | 526-6 | 942-9 | ......... | 525-0 | 957-8 131-32 | 525-0 | 878-3 132-58 | 525-4 | 858-9
42 135-33 | 526-7 Q51-D J vsccere-s 524-1 959-5 131-63 | 522-8 | .-..-. 131-65 | 523-6 861-2
48 135-15 | 526-3 | 951-3 | ---...-- 523-6 | 959-8 131-35 | 526-0 | 879-6 131-16 | 523-1 | 863-0
54 135-10) | 525-5) |) 95251) Pace... 523-3 | 961-4 131-22 | 521-1 | 882-7 131-98 | 521-2 | 863-4
4h gh 12h, 16"
0 138-20 | 526-9 | 953-6 962-4 131-27 | 519-7 | 879-9 131-20 | 521-1 | 864-4
6 138-72 | 526-5 | 953-7 965-3 130-42 | 520-8 | 879-9 131-70 | 521-2 | 866-3
12 138-85 | 526-1 | 953-3 966-2 130-00 | 521-1 | 879-2 131-69 | 519-7 | 867-1
18 138-89 | 526-8 | 954-1 966-0 129-65 | 519-7 | 881-1 131-62 | 522-0 | 865-8
24 |) 138-83 | 526-8 955-4 4 965-8 129-30 | 520-9 879-4 131-76 | 520-6 | 866-2
30 138-82 | 525-6 | 954-9 964-4 129-50 | 522-0 | 879-1 131-69 | 521-5 | 866-1
36 138-85 | 525-6 | 954-6 966-6 129-55 | 520-9 | 881-0 131-90 | 522-2 | 864-3 |
42 | 138-56 | 525-6 | 954-5 966-3 129-52 | 519-6 | 882-1 132-44 | 522-4 | 863-6
48 | 138-60 | 525-8 955-3 968-6 129-62 | 519-5 881-4 132-33 | 521-6 | 863-6
54 ||, «138-53 | 525-4 | 955-5 968-4 129-78 | 522-9 | 881-7 132-50 | 524-5 | 863-4
5h gh 13h. 17%
0 || 138-43 | 525-6 | 954-9 | «........ 519-3 | 968-1 129-89 | 521-9 | 883-7 132-25 | 522.6 | 863-8
Gh |) 138-370 woes 7) 1695-9) lene « 519-7 | 967-9 130-98 | 520-4 | 886-3 132-40 | 521-7 | 863-6
12 137-65 | 525-9 | 955-7 | ..-- «. 519-5 | 969-2 131-65 | 519-8 | 884-6 132-50 | 522-7 | 862-8
18 137-63 | 526-5 Wacol |) deescSesn 520-6 968-6 132-67 | 522-4 883-8 132-82 | 520-3 864-2
24 ~#=|| 137-77 | 526-8 | 958.4 | . 520-2 | 969-1 132-20 | 522-3 | 882-0 132-85 | 522-3 | 863-3
30 137-77 | 526-4 | 959-0 519-9 | 968-2 133-25 | 523-2 | 880-4 132-64 | 522-2 | 864-1
36 138-03 | 526-3 959-1 519-5 970-1 132-40 | 521-2 880-0 132-35 | 522.3 863-6
42 || 137-95 | 525-8 | 958-1 seseeeeee | 519-0 | 970-6 133-04 | 522-1 | 877-4 132-05 | 522-3 | 866-1
48 138-03 | 525-4 | 958-1 | -.-...... 519-2 | 970-2 132-95 | 521-6 | 873-2 132-27 | 522-7 | 865-1
54 138-01 | 526-1 958-0 | «s.e-c0ee 517-6 | 971-9 132-67 | 522-0 | 870-8 132:98 ) 528-3 || da...
oun oe ee ae 0 bate cin eae | ei eetom lerow) ere ere | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16] 17
Biriear TuEermometer, | 58:8 | 60-1 | 60-4 | 59:6 | 58:7 | 58-4 | 57-6 | 57-2 | 568 2]52-0 52-6 | 52-1 | 51-6 | 52.2 | 52-5 | 52:9 | 53-3
BALANCE THERMOMETER, | 60-9 | 61.6 | 622 | 61-2 | 60-2 | 59.9 | 59-2 | 58.9 | 58:6 7|52°1 | 52:6 | 53.1 | 52-2 | 53:9 | Bal | 54-6 | 55:1

Jan. 19%, 204, See note on the Declinometer, page 31.

TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1842.

33

Gottingen FeEsruary 25, 26.
ee
0)
Declination || Dectina- Brrizar | Bauance | Decuina- | Birmar | Batance | Decuina- | Brrmar | Batance | Decuina- | Brrinar | Barance
Observation, TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected.
Min. “4 | Se. Div. | Mic. Diy. e Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. és Se. Div. | Mic. Diy. € Se. Div. | Mic. Diy.
18h, | 20h, on 6h,
‘ 0 132-47 | 523-3 | 874-0 134-27 | 516-2 | 888-9 136-30 | 525-6 | 875-1 132-84 | 526-6 | 864-0
6 132-98 | 522-8 | 874-7 134-88 | 515-6 | 891-8 136-33 | 526-5 | 875-1 132-84 | 526-0 | 859-6
12 132-98 | 522-7 | 874-9 134-11 | 515-3 | 893-3 136-28 | 527-2 | 875-4 132-93 | 524-1 | 864-4
18 133-18 | 521-9 | 877-7 133-38 | 514-7 | 899-7 136-82 | 528-8 | 875-8 132-38 | 522-9 | 860-8
24 132-98 | 522-7 | 877-2 133-31 | 513-7 | 884-1 137-02 | 529-2 | 874-7 132-00 | 524-1 | 865-3
30 132-75 | 523-8 | 877-1 133-30 | 514-2 | 885-8 136-73 | 528-9 | 874-2 131-76 | 525-5 | 866-5
36 132-80 | 523-8 | 876-0 133-60 | 513-4 | 888-1 136-26 | 528-3 | 371-8 130-56 | 526-0 | 868-5
42 132-64 | 523-9 | 875-8 133-68 | 513-3 | 886-4 136-35 | 528-5 | 869-7 131-42 | 523-4 | 867-8
48 132-55 | 524-3 | 874-4 133-30 | 513-8 | 885-5 136-03 | 528-0 | 867-9 130-95 | 520-0 | 867-9
54 132-55 | 524-7 | 872-4 134-18 | 514-0 | 885-7 135-97 | 529-0 | 866.2 129-85 | 520-0 | 870-4
19h, 232. 3h, (ba
0 131-87 | 524-9 | 871-2 134-58 | 515-1 | 882-0 135-60 | 527-4 | 864-1 128-54 | 518-3 | 868-0
6 131-95 | 527-2 | 867-8 HBYSG5 (0) WS oeudes 882-0 134-88 | 527-0 | 862-5 126-52 | 522-9 | 867-7
12 131-93 | 529-9 | 866-6 134-15 | 516-1 | 881-0 134-50 | 525-2 | 859-3 126-19 | 523-8 | 869-5
18 131-96 | 526-9 | 863-6 134-58 | 517-0 | 884-2 134-68 | 529-9 | 857-7 127-63 | 525-5 | 872-3
24 131-62 | 527-8 | 860-9 135-33 | 515-2 | 884-0 134-60 | 528-6 | 857-6 129-73 | 526-5 | 871-9
30 131-45 | 527-5 | 862.3 134-85 | 514-9 | 882-8 134-72 | 529-3 | 857-9 130-30 | 526-2 | 871-7
36 131-69 | 525-2 | 864-7 135-66 | 513-8 | 879-6 134-73 | 530-6 | 859-6 131-32 | 525-5 | 871-5
42 131-55 | 524-5 | 863-4 136-12 | 516-0 | 882-3 134-82 | 530-9 | 860-5 132-27 | 525-3 | 869-5
48 131-82 | 524-1 | 861-1 135-79 | 514-0 | 883-2 134-24 | 528-8 | 861-8 132-77 | 525-5 | 869-1
54 132-02 | 522-7 | 861-2 135-52 | 513-8 | 881-9 134-20 | 528-5 | ----.. 132-05 | 524-9 | 865-1
j
| 20h, oh, 4h, gh,
0 131-30 | 524-2 | 859-8 135-22 | 514-2 | 883-6 | 133-97 | 528-1 | 865-1 131-65 | 525-9 | 862-3
6 131-49 | 525-1 | 857-1 135-66 | 512-5 | 890-9 | 133-80 | 528-1 | 865-2 132-35 | 526-4 | 863-9
12 132-25 | 526-9 | 857-8 135-52 | 513-9 | 892-5 133-87 528-8 864-4 133-11 | 526-7 863-2
18 133-10 | 525-1 | 860-8 135-95 | 513-0 | 898-4 | 133-77 | 530-3 | 866-2 133-37 | 525-2 | 863-5
24 133-35 | 524-0 | 861-8 135-77 | 514-3 | 900-4 | 133-70 | 529-2 | 865-1 133-37 | 526-1 | 863-5
30 133-57 | 522-5 | 863-6 135-83 | 515-4 | 899-1 | 133-60 | 528-9 | 863-5 133-02 | 525-7 | 864-2
36 132-62 | 521-9 | 863-0 136-08 | 517-0 | ---..- 133-50 | 530-7 | 863-3 132-93 | 526-2 | 862-3
42 132-65 | 523-2 | 863-7 135-82 | 519-1 | 894-6 | 133-37 | 529-0 | 861-0 132-97 | 525-2 | 865-8
48 132-40 | 522-9 | 865-2 136-35 | 518-8 | 894-4 | 133-51 | 530-3 | 860-1 132-93 | 525-1 | 864-4
54 132-42 | 526-0 | 869-1 136-17 | 520-7 | 893-5 | 133-50 | 532-2 | 859.5 132-87 | 524-6 | 863-4
218. 1h, 5h 9h.
0 133-30 | 525-9 | 870-5 | -.+-+---- 519-4 | 892-3 | 133-57 | 532-2 | 858-8 132-87 | 524-5 | 864-2
6 133-58 | 524-5 | 872-0 136-30 | 522-0 | 890-4 | 133-42 | 526:2 | 858-0 132-80 | 524-0 | 864-4
12 133-51 | 525-5 | 873-1 136-30 | 519-2 | 892-0 | 133-42 | 526-7 | 856-7 132-53 | 523-5 | 864-7
18 134-92 | 521-5 | 870-1 136-50 | 519-8 | 892-8 | 132-90 | 530-8 | 857-0 132-67 | 522-6 | 866-5
24 135-13 | 520-7 | 870-0 136-73 | 520-0 | 890-4 | 133-24 | 531-9 | 861-0 132-82 | 524-0 | 866-4
30 134-63 | 519-4 | 882-5 136-53 | 520-0 | 890-2 | 133-00 | 527-4 | 861-1 132-85 | 527-1 | 864-3
36 134-53 | 519-5 | 885-9 136-48 | 521-5 | 885-6 | 133-00 | 527-7 | 861-8 132-13 | 522-8 | 863-0
42 134-57 | 518-4 | 887-3 136-53 | 523-9 | 883-3 | 133-17 | 528-6 | 861-0 132-33 | 521-6 | 870-2
48 134-20 | 519-0 | 888-0 136-53 | 523-3 | 880-5 | 133-00 | 527-2 | 863-5 132-24 | 522-3 | 876-8
54 135-32 | 516-7 | 890-8 136-65 | 523-4 | 879-5 | 132-93 | 526-9 | 864-4 132-33 | 522-8 | 874-9
| Hour, is | 19| 20| | 2 | 23| 0 | 1 | 2 3 a| 5 | 6 7 | 8 9 | 10
Biritan THERMOMETER, | 528 | 529 | 536 | 533 | 52-6 | 514 | 50°6 | 52-2 | 54:2 | 56-6 | 57-3 | 58-3 | 58:6 | 577 | 56-7 | 55-6 | 546?
Bavance Turrmomerer, | 54:9 | 55-2 | 55-9 | 56-2 | 541 | 53-4 | 521 | 54:1 | 56-1 | 58-2 | 59-1 | 59:9 | 59-7 | 58-7 | 58:2 | 57-2 | 56:24

MAG. OBS. VOL, I.

34 TrERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1842.
Gittingen Marcu 23, 24.
Mean ote
Declination || Dectina- Brritak | BALance | Dectina- Bremar | Bavance |] Dectrna- Bremaz_ | Banance | Decurna- BirivaR | BaLance
Observation. TION, Corrected.| Corrected. TION. | Corrected. Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected.
Min. ‘i Se. Div. | Mic. Div. # | Se. Diy. | Mic. Div. a Se. Div. Mic. Div. # Sc. Div. | Mic. Diy.
| ;
| 10%, 142, 18%, 22
0 112-64 | 529-1 | 941-9 121-50 | 527-2 | 673-0 126-90 | 531-6 | 823-3 129-60 | 511-3 | 865-7
6 112-87 | 531-7 | 931-4 121-53 | 527-5 | 686-5 126-68 | 528-9 | 822-4 131-32 | 506-8 | 867-9
12 113-63 | 535-0 | 918-5 121-68 | 526-7 | 696-9 126-62 | 531-0 | 831-6 131-43 | 502-3 | 867-4
18 114-11 | 532-9 | 917-1 121-95 | 525-6 | 707-6 126-77 | 528-8 | 830-7 131-22 | 497-0 | 867-7
24 113-88 | 534-4 | 916-0 121-85 | 523-7 | 717-4 127-23 | 529-4 | 831-1 129-96 | 501-1 | 868-7
30 115-02 | 532-9 | 893-3 121-95 | 525-3 | 728-8 126-05 | 532-1 | 829-4 132-33 | 503-9 | 870-2
36 ~=—||,:«115-72 | 534-6 | 885-1 122-07 | 524-3 | 737-5 126-87 | 552-9 | 830-7 133-64 | 506-6 | 870-2
42 115-57 | 535-3 | 878-4 121-43 | 527-0 | 748-0 127-84 | 531-9 | 830-9 132-73 | +--+ 868-7
48, || 117-23 | 531-4 | 871-6 122-87 | 525-3 | 762-9 125-85 | 538-3 | 827-9 131-02 | 502-4 | 868-5
54 116-90 | 529-9 | 870-6 122-90 | 524-8 | 769-4 126-82 | 537-1 | 829-0 131-09 | 502-3 | 866-8
114, 154, 19%, 23h,
0 117-70 | 529-5 | 865.8 123-44 | 526-3 | 777-3 126-87 | 536-0 | 827-3 130-13 | 503-9 | 866-4
6 118-90 | 528-3 863-9 124-05 | 528-6 | 783-4 125-59 | 537-3 824-8 132-20 | 505-8 869-2
12 119-85 | 528-7 | 560-0 125-48 | 523-4 | 790-8 126-28 | 537-9 | 826-6 131-50 | 508-9 | 871-5
18 | 120-32 530-3 | 855.9 124-77 | 526-5 | 796-3 127-37 | 534-6 | 828-1 132-57 | 511-5 | 869-0
24 | 122-02 | 527-3 | 848-0 124-37 | 527-5 | 799-2 126-25 | 534-2 | 831-1 133-27 | 512-1 | 867-6
30 121-12 | 524-9 | 836.0 124-52 | 529-7 | 800-5 128-28 | 533-3 | 834-1 133-45 515-8 | 866-2
36 | 121.05 | 529-4 | 826.2 124-52 | 527-1 | 804-0 125-97 | 530-1 | 856-7 133-65 | 515-1 | 865-7
42 | 120-82 532-4 | 824.9 124-24 | 530-6 | 805-6 125-48 | 529-5 | 838-2 133-00 | 515-5 | 865-0
48 119-83 | 532-9 | 820-9 124-05 | 527-1 | 807-0 126-72 | 527-6 | 842-3 132-33 | 518-7 | 863-5
54 120-72 | 531-1 | 808-6 124-08 | 523-9 | 813-8 126-32 | 526-3 | 845-0 131-80 | 521-0 | 863-2
pou 164, 20%, oh
O | 120-12 | 528-8 | 795-7 122-80 | 530-3 | 812-8 125-45 | 527-8 | 849-9 131-93 | 523-4 | 858-7
6 || 122-65 | 525-5 | 786-8 124-82 | 529-3 | 815-5 124-13 | 519-9 | 849-0 133-05 | 523-7 | 857-5
12 125-50 | 525-9 | 769-3 124-72 | 529-2 | 815-7 125-33 | 524-9 | 850-0 133-13 | 523-2 | 858-4
18 129-96 | 527-6 | 739-8 124-77 | 529-5 | 816-8 127-07 | 526-5 | 851-8 133-38 | 524-6 | 855-7
24 133-33 | 514-6 | 682-6 124-82 | 529-8 818-5 125-88 | 525-0 853-0 134-15 | 524-4 858-5
30 134-35 | 507-9 | 623-5 125-75 | 526-8 | 820-5 125-59 | 520-6 | 852-6 134-15 | 523-8 | 856-5
36 129-03 | 521-0 | 586.3 125-23 | 527-7 | 822-6 126-48 | 530-4 | 857-4 134-22 | 524-3 | 857-5
42 129-69 | 531-7 | 583-3 125-82 | 528-3 | 822.9 122-00 | 522-2 | 854-3 134-05 | 521-8 | --.--.
48 124-10 | 506-4 | 544.9 126-75 | 526-8 822.9 124-40 | 524-7 | 852-9 134-27 | 523-7 | 855-6
54 121-90 | 483-9 | 521.2 126-72 | 525-8 826-2 123-45 | 524.4 851-4 134-66 | 523-7 856-0
| 13h, 17%. 21%, 1h,
0 125-03 | 477-7 | 532-0 127-35 | 526-3 | 828-1 127-77 | 527-1 | 849-0 134-50 | 524-1 856-3
6 135-79 | 511-6 | 605-1 127-70 | 523-7 828-3 124-27 | 525-5 849-1 134-70 | 523-0 850-8
12 | 140-38 | 531-1 575-7 128-25 | 530-2 826-8 124-48 | 526-0 846-3 134-88 | 524-3 849-6
18 131-02 | 534-6 | 550-3 128-92 | 523-0 | 827-3 126-05 | 523-2 | 846-4 134-79 | 524-3 850-4
24 124-75 | 531-9 | 556-9 128-74 | 526-4 | 827-3 128-10 | 521-9 | 857-1 134-93 | 524-9 849-9
30 120-62 | 523-7 | 584-2 127-88 | 530-9 | 825-8 126-82 | 522-2 | 856.0 134-99 | 525-8 849-6
36 119-76 | 519-8 | 611-5 127-97 | 528-4 | 824-5 126-46 | 520-5 | 859-2 134-75 | 526-0 849-6
42 120-89 | 519-9 631-1 126-45 | 532-0 826.4 125-62 | 519-3 860-2 134-73 | 526-2 848-1
48 121-49 | 526-4 642-0 126-87 | 531-4 826-6 127-35 | 516-0 861-0 134-66 | 525-9 850-3
54 121-47 | 528-9 | 647-2 127-47 | 528-8 825-7 128-21 | 512-4 864-1 134-27 | 527-7 849-0
| |
Hovr, . | 10 | | 12 | 13 | | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 20 | a | 22] 2] 0] 1
BiriLak THERMOMETER, 546 | 55-6 | 5-9 | 56-4 | 56-6 | 56-7 | 56-6 | 56-5 | 565 | 56-9 | 56-7 | 57-6 | 58-6 | 59-4 60-1 | 60-2

BaLancr THERMOMETER,

584

60:0 | 60:5 61-0 | 61.0

Observation.

Gottingen
Mean Time
of
Declination

Min.

= |
_ | Biritar THERMOMETER,

Trrm-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1842. 35
Marcu 23, 24. Aprit 20, 21.
DECcLINA- Srrmar_ | BaLance | DECLINA- Birmar | BaLance | Dectina- BIFiLaR Bauance J Decrina- | Birinar | BaLance
TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected.
4 “Se. Div. | Mic. Div. £ Se. Div. | Mic. Div. U Se. Div. | Mic. Div. 4 Se. Div. | Mic. Div.
gh, ae 104. 14%,
134-30 | 529-1 | 848-2 124-57 | 536-7 | 863-9 131-58 | 532-0 | 872.4 128-08 | 529-1 | 800-9
133-87 | 526-9 | 848-5 123-97 | 542-3 | 864-5 131-49 | 532-0 | 870-8 129-27 | 532-6 | 799-7
134-08 | 528-8 | 848-3 123-24 | 543-1 | 865-7 131-76 | 532-3 | 870-9 130-40 | 532-5 | 790-5
134-22 | 529-4 | 848-3 123-65 | 540-5 | 870-0 132-33 | 535-5 | 863-9 125-72 | 530-8 | 792-4
133-90 | 529-3 | 847-0 124-39 | 533-1 | 872-2 131-65 | 546-4 | 854-2 123-60 | 529-0 | 799-6
133-98 | 5276 | 846-3 125-22 | 532-4 | 872-0 133-02 | 543-8 | 852-5 123-50 | 527-8 | 805-8
133-75 | 527-7 | 845-8 125-62 | 530-9 | 869-9 133-08 | 538-5 | 851-2 123-60 | 530-1 | 808-7
133-57 | 528-9 | 845-6 125-62 | 529-4 | 868-5 132-97 | 532-8 | 849-8 126-55 | 530-2 | 808-0
133-17 | 527-6 | 844-8 125-40 | 529-3 | 867-9 132-37 | 529-1 | 853-1 127-95 | 526-7 | 800-5
132-97 | 528-3 | 843-5 124-13 | 532-9 | 867.9 132-15 | 528-4 | 849-8 126-73 | 527-1 | 790-6
3h, Te 112. 15,
132-84 | 529-7 | 842-6 124-27 | 533-8 | 869-1 131-73 | 529-1 | 856-2 125-32 | 526-2 | 784-1
132-53 | 528-1 | 845-2 124-85 | 532-6 | 868-9 131-82 | 532-0 | 856-0 124-73 | 522-5 | 784-3
132-44 | 527-0 | 844-3 124-95 | 531-2 | 869-0 131-73 | 531-1 | 858-6 124-66 | 518-2 | 776-0
132-08 | 529-2 | 843-7 125-39 | 531-4 | 866-9 131-65 | 529-1 | «++... 123-31 | 511-8 | 773-8
131-89 | 528-2 | 843-8 124-82 | 534-2 | 864-9 133-88 | 533-6 | 861-5 122-38 | 505-8 | 769-5
131-65 | 529-7 | 844-1 124-88 | 538-8 | 862-9 135-39 | 537-1 | 854-9 123-31 | 503-4 | 766-0
131-60 | 530-3 | 844-8 124-85 | 539-5 | 860-6 135-83 | 539-5 | 849-4 125-53 | 497-6 | 755-0
131-29 | 529-7 | 844-9 124-80 | 537-7 | 859-4 135-06 | 541-1 | 840-4 125-68 | 496-2 | 733-4
130-78 | 529-0 | 844-5 124-68 | 535-4 | 859-4 134-57 | 542-6 | 835-0 124-92 | 497-6 | 713-3
130-82 | 528-6 | 844-3 124-43 | 535-3 | 859-1 134-02 | 540-3 | 833-2 126-25 | 476-7 | 718-2
4h, 8h, woh 164.
131-05 | 536-4 | 844-4 | 123-93 | 533-5 | 860-9 | 132-84 | 541-9 | 829-8 | 131-53 | 470-3 | 714-9
130-12 | 528-9 | 844-6 123-84 | 527-9 | 861-7 132-84 | 541-1 | 8279 139-82 | 472-8 | 734-5
130-62 | 535-7 | 844-8 120-72 | 530-7 | 862-7 132-22 | 542-7 | 822.5 146-82 | 502-0 | 728-2
130-13 | 531-6 | 846-6 117-15 | 526-0 | 858-7 131-73 | 543-1 | 818-3 145-65 | «++: 712-8
129-93 | 532-0 | 846-8 113-80 | 535-9 | 851-5 130-96 | 542-4 | 814-4 143-45 | 508-6 | 705-7
129-73 | 532-1 | 847-7 112-93 | 549-1 | 827-5 129-95 | 540-2 | 812.7 142-74 | 506-2 | 709-5
129-93 | 532-8 | 848-2 109-38 | 575-1 | 814-1 129-67 | 534-9 | 814.2 141-57 | 508-4 | 708-7
124-93 | 534-7 | 847-9 112-87 | 558-4 | 801-7 128-14 | 527-1 | 818-9 139-78 | 517-3 | 717-1
129-08 | 532-2 | 849-4 116-30 | 556-5 | 795-1 127-32 | 525-2 | 822-9 137-92 | 516-5 | 718-5
130-20 | 524-9 | 849-7 123-44 | 543-8 | 797-3 128-38 | 525-0 | 828-9 | --....-.- 5180 717-2
5h, gh, les 17%.
130-43 | 534-1 | 852-0 123-60 | 530-1 | 795-3 129-69 | 519-8 | 832-4 135-32 | 517-2 | 722-5
129-98 | 526-4 | 854-7 122-30 | 532-7 | 793-7 130-35 | 522-9 | 834-1 133-37 | 519-2 | 727-1
128-94 | 519-7 | 861-1 120-85 | 539-3 | 790-8 131-65 | 522-5 | 835-4 131-98 | 521-4 | 737-4
128-25 | 518-8 | 862-1 122-27 | 541-5 | 788-6 136-02 | 533-7 | 827-5 131-22 | 525-3 | 745-4
127.05 | 517-7 | 864-5 124-27 | 536-3 | 787-6 137-48 | 535-0 | 814-2 131-16 | 526-3 | 757-9
125-33 | 525-8 | 866-0 123-68 | 530-9 | 787-4 136-63 | 530-8 | 805-1 131-45 | 524-0 | 761-0
125-30 | 531-1 | 864-5 122-08 | 527-0 | 787-6 135-33 | 527-7 | 796-6 130-87 | 526-1 | 763-9
125-28 | 530-0 | 865-4 119-58 | 532-8 | 787-5 132-45 | 528-5 | 794-2 130-83 | 525-0 | 769-0
125-48 | 532-6 | 864-7 120-75 | 536-2 | 786-2 130-78 | 528-7 | 794-3 129-27 | 529-4 | 776-4
125-68 | 533-0 | 864-8 124-30 | 535-2 | 796-3 128-94 | 527-7 | 799-1 129-28 | 532-5 | 781-2
een ESE EEE
60:4 | 60-4 | 60:9 | 61:9 | 63-1 | 63-4 | 63-0 59°4 | 59°2 | 58:8

BALANCE THERMOMETER,

61-1 | 613 | 61-9 | 62:9 | 63:7 | 63-9 | 64-2

60:1 | 60:2 | 59:7

36 TrrM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1842.

Gittingen APRIL, 20, 21.
Mean ne
Declin ation || Drcnina- Brrivar | BALANcE | Dectina- | Birmar BALANce | Dectina- Briemar | Batance | Deciina- Brrmar | BALANCE
Observation. TION. Corrected.) Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION, Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected.
Min. 4 Se. Div, | Mic. Div. f Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. A Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. | 6 Se. Div. | Mic. Div.
:
18), 20h. Pi Gh |
0 128-87 | 534-2 | 790-1 133-78 | 516-7 | 858-1 140-33 | 526-9 | 848-5 133-64 | 550-0 | 913-2
6 128-78 | 535-8 | 795-6 135-32 | 512-8 | 861-4 140-27 | 530-4 | 847-8 133-67 | 546-2 | 914-8
12 128-27 | 535-6 | 800-7 | 135-22 | 513-4 | 860-5 }| 140-13 | 530-3 | 848-5 | 132-60 | 542-7 | 916-6
18 127-88 | 535-2 | 809-3 134-44 | 515-7 | 859-2 139-72 | 532-8 | 845-8 132-84 | 538-7 | 920-2 :
24 127-81 | 532-6 | 516-2 135-23 | 516-1 | 863-6 140-18 | 537-5 | 847-6 131-63 | 544-1 | 922-0 |
30 127-20 | 528-5 | 822-4 136-83 | 514-4 | 864-4 140-38 | 542-7 | 849.7 131-09 | 544-5 | 924-8
36 127-21 | 527-8 | 828-6 136-62 | 510-4 | 863-0 140-70 | 543-9 | 852-2 131-05 | 546-2 | 924-7
42 127-10 | 527-2 | 834-2 137-18 | 511-0 | 864-1 140-56 | 544-8 | 854-9 131-13 | 545-8 | 925-2
48 128-12 | 526-3 | 840-1 136-93 | 510-9 | 863-5 140-40 | 544-6 | 858-4 132-97 | 539-0 | 928-1
54 127-35 | 529-0 | 842-1 137-60 | 510-6 | 860-8 140-32 | 546-3 | 861-0 132-98 | 534-9 | 927-9
19", PBL au 7,
0 26-87 | 532-0 | 843.4 137-70 | 508-7 | 861-6 139-80 543-9 | 864-9 131-70 | 538-8 | 925-5
6 127-23 | 529-8 | 845-4 137-58 | 505-0 | 868-4 139-58 5-6 | 868-6 133-78 | 535-3 | 928-3
12 127-72 | 527-4 | 847-7 138-37 | 501-4 | 868-6 139-30 530-0 | 873-1 133-20 | 536-0 | 923-1
18 129-56 | 527-4 | 850-3 138-95 | 505-9 | 863-9 140-30 | 532-3 | 875-5 132-88 | 534-1 | 920-8
24 130-43 | 525-3 | 852-0 139-12 | 508-4 | 860-6 141-58 | 537-2 | 883-0 132-40 | 535-7 | 916-7
30 132-91 | 530-5 | 853-9 139-42 | 507-9 | 858.7 141-73 | 541-3 | 886-9 132-93 | 537-9 | 911-9
36 133-25 | 524-3 | 856-5 139-32 | 504-1 | 862-5 139-29 540-3 | 897-9 133-47 | 539-9 | 906-1
42 134-65 | 521-9 | 858-4 140-13 | 501-7 | 863-5 136-32 | 535-1 | 904-3 133-60 | 542-5 | 902-6
48 135-80 | 518-1 | 858-4 141-00 | 499-9 | 864-1 129-18 | 535-2 | 909-9 133-70 | 540-5 | 898-3
54 134-65 | 515-8 | 859-1 141-48 | 503-3 | 858-0 127-34 | 546-3 | 915-4 133-27 | 539-9 | 896-5
20h ( 4h gh
0 133-20 | 511-7 | 859-8 141-17 | 505-2 | 859-2 128-77 | 538-0 | 918-4 132-55 | 535-0 | 892-4
6 130-62 | 505-7 | 859-4 141-33 | 508-9 | 855-4 130-75 | 532-9 | 921.3 132-15 | 535-4 | 892 9
12 130-75 | 506-5 | 861-4 142-38 | 506-8 | S616 128-97 | 546-4 | 923-9 131-62 | 537-1 | 895-0
18 131-69 | 507-1 | 864-1 141-27 | 500-7 | 861-7 127-57 | 553-9 | 924.7 131-13 | 539-7 | 894-7
24 134-47 | 510-0 | 866-2 140-50 | 501-5 | 861-7 128-88 | 554-6 | 927-3 130-78 | 535-3 | 895-3
30 | 135-06 | 511-2 | 868-8 141-47 | 501-8 | 858-6 131-18 | 554-8 | 926-6 129-62 | 534-5 | 890-6
36 138-96 | 496-7 | 864-0 141-28 | 505-6 | 858-8 131-16 | 548-0 | 927-2 125-99 | 542-8 | 871-9
42 132-57 | 508-9 | 865-3 141-05 | 510-5 | 854-7 134-68 | 552-6 | 924.0 127-23 | 552-0 | 876-8
48 133-11 | 506-8 | 868-4 141-67 | 509-6 | 854-4 135-79 | 542-0 | 920-8 132-27 / 540-6 | 876-3
54 134-18 | 508-1 | «++ 140-90 | 516-1 850-3 136-42 | 533-2 | 919-8 132-93 | 534-7 | 870-2
| Q)b jb. 5h gh
0 133-40 | 509-3 | 871-2 140-92 | 516-7 | 853-0 135-75 | 531-8 | 921-8 132-93 | 532-5 | 867-9
6 133-65 | 510-4 | 869-6 140-98 | 523-3 | 851-5 134-95 | 524-4 | 925-2 132-20 | 533-2 | 865-2
12 133-35 | 511-7 | 868-4 140-30 | 523-5 | 853-2 131-32 | 541-2 | 926-2 131-83 | 534-9 | 862-6
18 || 132-70 | 509-4 | 869-0 141-42 | 522-1 | 854-7 | ----.---- 555-5 | 928-4 132-37 | 536-0 | 863-8
24 | 133-11 | 510-9 | 869-0 141-68 | 521-9 | 855-5 129-52 | 558-9 | 930-1 132-37 | 535-1 860-7
30 =| «132-98 | 513-5 | 868-3 140-78 | 521-7 | 851-6 127-67 | 554-0 | 926-9 132-80 | 536-7 | 859-0
36 132-68 | 513-1 | 867-5 140-92 | 525-1 | 847-6 128-97 | 551-0 | 922-6 133-40 | 536-6 | 857-4
42 132-58 | 515-7 | 866-9 141-51 | 524-1 | 848-7 129-27 | 552-0 | 919-8 133-67 | 535-2 | 852-8
48 134-28 | 513-0 | 866-6 141-27 | 524-6 | 845-9 130-27 | 553-3 | 915-6 133-25 | 533-8 | 851-2
54 133-80 | 514-5 | 865-1 140.78 | 525-0 | 845-8 132-33 | 551-8 | 912-6 132-45 | 531-3 | 853-5
Hour, Tas 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 23 o | uA 2 3 | 4 | 6|6|7 | 8] 9| 2
BIFILAR THERMOMETER, n, | 58-5 | 578 | 57-1 | 57-1 | 57-7 | 53°6 | 60-4 | 618 | 63-8 | 65-7 | 67-7 | 68-1 | 68-4 | 68-6 | 68-0 | 67°6 | 67.24
BALANCE iieieseaechaes TER, P 668 | 67-3 67°3 | 67-0 | 67°3 | 67°3¢

TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1842. 37
Gittingen May 27, 28.
Ee ime
o!
Declination |! Decrina- Brrmar | Batance | Deciina- | Brrmar | BAtance | Decrina- Brrmar | BALance | DEctina- Brr1“Lar | BALANcE
Observation, TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.) Corrected
Min. “ Se. Div. | Mic. Div. ‘ Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. 4 Se. Div. Mic. Diy. - Se. Div. ! Mic. Div.
104. 14h, 18h, 20h.
0 129-30 | 543-0 | 815-8 127-94 | 533-9 | 783-2 126-59 | «+--+ 827-4 127-34 | 527-4 | 828-8
6 129-34 | 542-7 | 812-1 127-87 | 534-1 785-7 126-37 | 536-1 839-6 127-08 | 527-3 | 826-7
12 129-65 | 542-7 | 810-5 128-18 | 533-9 | 788-3 126-46 | 534-9 | 838-7 127-78 | 528-2 825-7
18 129-65 | 542-7 | 808-3 128-57 | 534-8 | 788-0 125-13 | 531-9 840-6 127-47 | 525-7 823-1
24 130-02 | 544-0 | 805-3 128-95 | 534-3 | 788-2 125-08 | 531-1 841-4 128-10 | 527-6 | 822-3
30 129-41 | 542-9 | 805-4 128-77 | 534-4 | 790-4 125-25 | 531:3 845-1 128-18 | 526-8 | 822-6
36 128-92 | were 804-6 128-92 | 533-5 790-7 126-43 | 532-3 849-8 128-52 | 527-3 | 821-7
42 129-20 | 541-8 | 803-2 128-48 | 533-4 | 791-8 126-37 | 533-3 851-6 128-97 | 523-3 | 819-2
48 129-17 | 543-0 | 799-3 128-92 | 531-8 | 793-0 126-88 | 531-5 851-6 128-72 | 526-1 816-2
54 129-60 | 546-3 | 797-6 129-47 | 532-7 | 796-3 126-20 | 529-9 | 851-0 129-62 | 525-8 | 814-9
wh 15%. 19. 23,
0 128-94 | 546-8 | 797-4 129-87 | 534-8 | 792-5 126-37 | 530-2 | 851-5 130-12 | 523-8 | 815-2
6 oe gee 543-4 | 800-0 130-00 | 534-2 788-6 125-66 } 530-2 | 851-0 130-47 | 524-3 808-8
12 129-27 | 541-8 | 799-2 129-41 | 534-7 | 790-9 126-53 | 528-8 | 848-4 130-60 | 523-4 | 807-7
18 129-10 | 541-3 799-0 130-33 | 534-6 | 794-4 127-43 | 529-1 | 847-2 131-40 §23-4 806-2
24 128-98 | 541-2 797-9 130-45 | 534-5 794-0 126-26 | 531-1 843-7 132-24 | 523-7 805-2
30 128-97 | 540-9 | 798-7 130-72 | 535-0 | 792-3 126-77 532-5 845-0 133-02 | 525-9 806-0
36 128-83 | 541-2 | 797-5 130-22 | 534-5 792-4 127-61 | 530-1 845-4 133-33 | 523-5 805-0
42 128-94 | 541-6 | 796-6 130-12 | 536-2 | 797-1 127-37 | 529-9 | 844-1 133-50 | 525-6 804-9
48 128-80 | 541-8 | 796-7 130-43 | +--+ 795-7 127-61 | 529-7 | 844-1 133-70 | 525-4 | 802-7
54 128-94 | 542-1 795-1 130-45 | 535-8 797-5 126-90 | 527-0 | 843.7 133-47 | sree 803-3
12h, 16%, 20%. ob.
0 128-97 | 540-6 | 795-1 129-41 | 535-0 798-3 126-30 | 530-8 | 841-9 134-38 | 526-8 | 802-1
B |] ewww neers 540-7 | 795-7 129-27 | 534-1 801-3 126-46 | 531-6 | 840-6 134-33 | 526-3 801-7
12 130-67 | 541-1 795°3 129-28 | 533-8 806-2 126-57 | 530-1 839-9 134-13 | 528-2 | 800-0
18 130-10 | 541-2 | 793-7 128-54 | 535-5 808-8 125-95 | 531-0 | 841-5 135-02 | 531-4 798-4
24 129-53 | 542-7 | 794-0 128-68 | 535-1 815-6 125-28 | 532-7 | 839-7 135-19 | 531-6 | 797-5
30 129-43 | 542-0 | 786-1 128-70 | 535-0 | 816-0 125-40 | 532-0 | 841-1 134-80 | 531-3 | 795-7
36 130-80 | 540-8 | 784-3 128-54 | 535-2 | 817-4 125-45 | 531-1 839-9 135-02 | 530-2 794-5
42 130-75 | 541-4 | 778-4 128-75 | 534-4 | 819-0 125-20 | 529-7 | 837-0 134-99 | 532-0 | 793-4
48 130-67 | 540-2 776-0 128-32 | 533-7 820-3 125-03 | 530-6 | 836-0 134-92 | 530-2 790-6
54 130-23 | 541-6 774-2 128-14 | 534-5 824-0 125-19 | 531-2 | 835-8 134-72 | 529-7 | 792-7
13h, 174, 21h, 1h,
0 129-23 | 539-6 772-2 128-37 | 533-0 | 826-8 125-02 | 530-1 836-8 134-68 | 531-5 792-4
6 128-81 | 540-9 | 770-7 127-67 | 534-5 | 829-5 125-48 | 530-6 | 836-1 135-02 | 534-7 | 790-5
2 129-01 | 540-7 | 772-1 127-72 | 534-7 | 828-9 125-59 | 530-3 835-1 134-77 | 529-0 | 792-9
18 129-28 | 540-9 | 771-1 127-87 | 534-4 | 832-6 125-50 | 530-6 | 835-6 134-83 | 531-0 | 795-7
24 129-47 | 539-9 | 771-4 127-70 | 536-1 832-0 125-55 | 531-2 833-2 134-60 | 532-2 | 792-6
30 129-03 | 539-5 771-0 129-14 | 535-4 | 832-9 125-95 | 530-0 | 833-3 134-79 | 530-8 | 791-6
36 129-00 | 539-0 | 776-6 126-85 | 536-6 | 835-0 125-72 | 528-6 | 834.8 135-33 | 538-4 790-8
42 128-43 | 537-2 775:8 126-22 | 535-8 | 834-7 125-95 | 528-5 | 832-3 135-05 | 531-1 792-1
48 128-35 | 536-2 777-1 126-05 | 537-0 | 836-3 126-13 | 528-2 | 832-2 135-32 | 533-9 | 792-5
54 128-08 | 534-2 | 776-7 126-37 | 538-6 | 837-2 126-88 | 527-1 825-4 135-60 | 538-9 | 793-6
| Hour, . : | 20; u | 2 13 | 14 | 15| 16 | 17 | 18| 19| 20] 21 | 2 aa | o [ia
| Brean Tuenmomersr, . | 608 | 60°3 | 59:7 | 58-9 | 58-1 | 57-6 | 56-6 | 55°8 | 55°8 | 56-0 | 558 | 559 | 569 | 58:1 | 593 | 607

he

t

BaLaNnce THERMOMETER, .

MAG, OBS. VOL. I.

59-9 | 59-9 59°8 | 59-3 58-5 | 58:0 | 57-2 | 56:3 | 56-2 | 563 56:2 | 56

3 | 56°7

57-8 | 58-7 | 60.1

38 TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1842.

OT ———

poaeenaen May 27, 28. JUNE PLR 23.
pectivaion | Dacuass- | Barman | Batarce | Decurwa. |_Bortan, | Basance | Deouwa |_ Biman, |warance | Danaea | Boers, | ae
Min. } & Se. Diy. | Mic. Div. © Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. Se. Div. | Mic. Diy. 3 Se. Div. | Mic. Diy.
| 2h, 6h 10" 14h
o || 135-82 | 539-2 | 794-2 | 130-05 | 546-1 ) 825-4 | 127-57 | 554-5 | 792-6 | 132-70 | 554-5 | 737-8
6 || 136-00 | 536-7 | 797-7 | 130:76 | 553-6 | 820-5 | 198-14 | ---.-- 791-4 | 126-35 | 548-9 | 732.2
12 | 136-19 | 536-7 | 801-2 | 129-87 | 546-8 | 824-4 | 127-94 | 558-3 | 789.0 | 122-97 | 549-5 | 733-5
1s | 136-23 | 534-6 | 798-0 | 129-70 | 546-4 | 825-2 | 198-28 | 555-6 | 783-1 | 121-56 | 547-3 | 734.9
94 || 136-22 | 535-1 | 799-5 | 129-76 | 547-3 | 826-7 | 127-90 | 554-9 | 777-7 | 122-85 | 548-1 | 731-5
30 | 136-05 | 536-8 | 802-3 | 129-78 | 549-2 | 824-3 | 127-68 | 555-9 | 774.2 | 124-43 | 544-7 | 730-0
36 || 135-92 | 534-8 | 798-7 | 129-52 | 548-6 | 824-3 | 127-70 | 555-1 | 772-8 | 129-53 | 537-4 | 731-3
42 || 136-06 | 540-7 | 795-8 | 129.49 | 549-5 | 824.3 | 127-25 | 556-2 | 771-1 | 125-88 | 540-9 | 729-2
48 | 135-85 | 540-2 | 798-6 | 129.35 | 550-0 | 824-9 | 126-95 | 552-8 | 769-8 | 127-01 | 538-1 | 720-1
54 | 135-40 | 536-3 | 800-7 | 129-40 | 549-1 | 824-9 | 126-02 | 553-6 | 769-7 | 127-35 | 531-8 | 718-8
|
3h, 7h 11h 15h
0 135-59 | 534-7 | 807-1 129-12 | 549-7 | 825-8 126-23 | 551-9 | 768-6 125-46 | 535-1 | 715-2
6 | 135-53 | 535-1 | 808-2 129-03 | 548-1 | 825-9 125-82 | 552-1 | 769-6 126-79 | 538-7 | 714-9
12 || 135-59 | 537-3 | 808-6 129-10 | 549-1 | 825-7 126-08 | 553-1 | 769-9 128-38 | 531-9 | 711-8
18 || 135-60 | 536-4 | 808-2 129-37 | 551-6 | 826-2 125-65 | 553-3 | 769-0 126-32 | 534-3 | 709-0
24 || 135-80 | 541-0 | 805-8 129-37 | 548-2 | 826-8 125-65 | 552-6 | 768-6 126-46 | 539-3 | 706-1
30 135-42 | 542-3 | 806-0 129-05 | 547-6 | 826-6 126-02 | 551-9 | 767-9 126-95 | 539-7 | 707-5
36 =, «135-23 | 540-5 | 806-3 129-20 | 549-0 | 826-4 124-95 | 555-7 | 764-7 126-40 | 545-4 | 716-0
42 | 134-72 | 541-9 | 805-6 129-23 | 548-7 | 825-5 126-32 | 561-1 | 763-4 125-48 | 545-9 | 717-8
48 | 134-80 | 545-4 | 802-9 129-37 | 552-1 | 823-6 124-46 | 554-9 | 763-4 127-10 | 547-1 | 732-3
54 | 134-33 | 541-3 | 804-9 129-15 | 551-8 | 825-3 124-20 | 555-4 | 763-8 125-35 | 543-6 | 726-7
|
| 4h 8h, 12 162;
0 134-85 | 545-1 | 801-7 129-52 | 550-4 | 826-2 124-65 | 552-0 | 765-0 128-43 | 536-3 | 731-8
6 133-75 | 544-9 | 801-5 129-43 | 550-5 | 826-4 124-46 | 556-9 | 761-9 126-10 | 537-8 | 731-9
12 133-18 | 545-4 | 805-1 129-35 | 551-1 | 825-3 123-77 | 556-4 | 764-7 122-04 | 540-2 | 732-3
18 133-00 | 542-3 | 806-2 129-03 | 551-5 | 825-1 124-62 | 557-9 | 761-9 122-97 | 535-6 | 746-4
24 133-08 | 546-8 | 805-6 129-07 | 551-8 | 826-1 125-23 | 560-3 | 761-1 124-85 | 527-6 | 746-8
30 133-37 | 547-1 | 805-3 129-62 | 549-8 | 826-6 125-35 | 561-9 | 759-0 124-93 | 524-2 | 746-0
36 132-20 | 540-4 | 809-0 129-65 | 547-6 | 825-6 126-55 | 560-2 | 758-4 124-80 | 545-6 | 744-2
42 || 132-20 | 542-1 | 809-4 129-50 | 550-0 | 823-5 126-26 | 565-6 | 755-1 123-65 | 532-9 | 739-5
48 | 131-75 | 540-0 | 811-4 129-62 | 552-1 | 818-5 128-50 | 568-5 | 751-5 124-39 | 530-0 | 739-0
54 131-82 | 542-2 | 811-4 129-58 | 549-8 | 822-7 130-80 | 569-7 | 754-5 122-77 | 534-7 | 748-3
ot gis 13%, pire
0 || 131-58 | 543-3 | 811-0 129-30 | 550-2 | §24-0 133-70 | 562-8 | 753-7 125-19 | 537-6 | 751-9
6 || 131-80 | 548-5 | 810-2 129-17 | 551-0 | 823-4 133-11 | 547-9 | 754-1 123-11 | 537-5 | 753-0
12 131-47 | 550-5 | 812-4 129-65 | 550-4 | 823-1 127-15 | 549-7 | 743-0 122-50 | 531-0 | 754-6
18 || 131-12 | 549-7 | 813-3 129-65 | 548-7 | 822-7 124-42 | 550-7 | 742-2 122-87 | 524-1 | 759-8
24 i) 130-85 | 548-8 | 814-5 129-55 | 547-2 | 824-7 123-07 | 555-4 | 743-3 124-00 | 531-9 | 759-6
30 =| 1130-60 | 549-6 | 816-6 129-65 | 546-9 | 823-9 123-50 | 552-7 | 749-9 125-02 | 531-7 | 763-5
36 =| :130-27 | 545-2 | 819-5 129-62 | 549-6 | 822-0 123-24 | 550-5 | 749-9 125-28 | 530-2 | 765-2
42 || 130-35 | 544-2 | 822.2 129-62 | 550-1 | 822-8 123-11 | 559-9 | 747-6 127-01 | 528-2 | 768-5
48 130-32 | 545-3 | 824-2 129-62 | 551-3 | 824-4 125-59 | 560-9 | 747-6 128-30 | 522-7 | 772-9
54 | : 130-35 | 546-6 | 825-5 129-83 | 550-0 | 829-4 127-60 | 556-5 | 741-6 129-34 | 516-2 | 775-4

Hour, ..---- | 2/3] 4] 5] 6/7] 8{ 9] 10

BIFiLar THERMOMETER, | o13 | 622 | G27 63:0 | 63:5 | 63-7 637 | 629 | 6208

64-4 | 64-2

63:6 | 63:0 | 616 | 61-0 | 60-2 | 59-4

Bataxce Turrmomeren, | 60°5 | 61-4 | 62-0 | 623 | 62-7 | 62-7 | 62-8 | 622 | 61-7 ¢]6s-2 | 642 | 63-7

62:7 | 62-2 | 61-7 | 60-7 | 59:7

June 224—234, 1842. The clock in the Magnetic Observatory was not going well during this term, owing to the lever of the 30 bell
affecting the motion of the pendulum. The following were the errors during the term: 224 9}, error 0°; 234 0 30™, error —4°, clock
put fast 2s; 234 2, error —55, clock put fast 2", and 30% bell stopped. ‘The error of +2% continued throughout the rest of the term.

TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1842.

Gittingen JUNE 22, 23.
Brean eine
Declination || Drctina- | Bretwar | Batance | Decuiwa- | Breitar | Batance | Decurna- Birman | Bauance | Decurna- | Birman | Bavance
Speenyanon. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected. TION. Corrected-| Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected.
Min. f Se. Div. | Mie. Div. i 6 Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. is Se. Div. | Mic. Div. 4 Se. Div. | Mic. Diy.
18h, gon 2h, 6h,
0 130-20 | 518-2 763-0 129-52 | 518-7 | 809-0 133-02 | 548-5 796-2 129-43 | 553-3 809-1
6 132-91 | 521-3 767-7 130-12 | 516-7 | 806-5 132-80 | 545-9 | 796-8 128-78 | 550-6 811-0
12 131-27 | 525-9 763-5 127-45 | 525-3 | 802-0 132-73 | 542-6 | 798-9 128-47 | 552-4 812-6
18 131-15 | 521-6 757-0 128-20 | 522-6 802-7 131-62 | 538-1 799-6 128-75 | 551-4 | 813-1
24 132:80 | 516-9 | 754-9 127-10 | 525-5 799-7 131-72 | 542-0 800-2 128-68 | 553-4 812-3
30 131-82 | 521-0 | 749-5 128-63 | 521-4 | 798-5 131.78 | 540-9 | 801-8 128-97 | 560-5 809-8
36 131-29 | 520-6 756-3 128-10 | 521-7 | 797-6 132-17 | 541-4 804-0 128-83 | 563-6 807-7
42 129-78 | 522-9 768-9 127-12 | 523-3 795-4 131-83 | 540-7 | 806-2 128-78 | 562-9 812-2
48 130-89 | 521-2 775-6 127-01 | 526-6 795-6 131-50 | 545-0 | 804-7 128-30 | 563-5 814-0
54 131-07 | 522-3 | «.-+.- 127-17 | 527-5 792-3 131-00 | 542-4 809-3 128-55 | 565-9 814-4
192, Bh one aes
0 130-83 | 522.2 773-2 127-81 | 528-4 791-4 131-23 | 544-1 810-6 128-74 567-6 821-4
6 129-82 | 522-3 774-9 127-98 | 528-6 791-9 130-63 | 545-6 808-0 128-21 559-7 826-8
12 128-97 | 518-9 776-3 128-63 | 527-9 790-2 130-58 | 546-0 | 810-5 128-17 559-1 830-0
18 130-07 | 523-8 775:3 128-21 | 528-1 786-5 130-95 | 554-5 809-4 127-95 560-4 833-2
24 129-96 | 526-2 770-9 128-38 | 528-2 784-9 131-15 | 552-3 812-9 127-52 | 563-4 838-5
30 128-92 | 525-6 769-5 128-57 | 529.2 783-9 130-72 | 547-0 815-7 127-28 | 562-6 842-3
36 124-24 | 522-6 767-8 129-00 | 532-2 782-8 130-73 | 545-0 816-1 126-15 | 566-4 845-3
42 126-39 | 529-5 773-4 129-93 | 527-9 783-6 130-50 | 546-1 815-5 125-00 | 561-4 857-0
48 130-73 | 521-3 T7831 | ceeeeeeee 526-5 792-2 131-09 | 548-3 813-5 125-80 | 555-8 | 861-2
54 125-30 | 515-2 781-7 132-22 | 525-4 791-6 130-92 | 547-8 810-9 121-27 | 563-7 856-3
20%, 04, 4h, 8h,
0 123-02 | 517-2 781-4 131-52 | 541-1 789-1 131-03 | 546-1 810-6 122-85 | 548-0 849-6
6 129-05 | 516-9 787-5 131-27 | 535-5 789-8 131-10 | 546-4 809-3 116-95 | 571-2 843-3
12 124-35 | 518-2 788-5 131-76 | 532-6 | 789-9 130-95 | 545-9 809-1 120-60 | 570-9 | 844-0
18 126-37 | 519-7 | 788-6 135-26 | 523-3 795-8 130-70 | 544-5 807-7 121-20 | 565-6 | 842-4
24 126-63 | 518-0 | 790-2 132-38 | 523-8 799-3 130-60 | 544-7 808-5 121-25 | 565-2 840-8
30 126-66 | 519-1 787-9 135-20 | 522-5 800-9 130-53 | 545-8 805-8 122-27 | 563-7 839-6
36 127-72 | 514-7 | 794-6 135-55 | 526-5 | 799-6 130-18 | 548-3 801-8 122-24 | 561-8 838-7
42 127-77 | 515-1 793-9 135-72 | 521-6 | 798-5 130-18 | 550-6 804-4 122-97 | 559-8 839-7
48 129-52 | 518-1 797-0 135-72 | 528-2 799-8 130-00 | 549-3 802-8 124-45 | 554-9 | 840-9
54 127-97 | 522-0 | 791-8 135-35 | 529-3 802-5 130-00 | 547-5 803-3 124-88 | 548.2 839-2
|
; 21, 1D, 5h, 9h,
i 0 129-35 521-3 793-6 137-23 | 532-7 803-5 129-73 | 549-2 804-6 123-71 | 549-0 837-9
1 6 129-72 516-4 798-2 136-45 | 525-2 804-7 129-95 | 555-0 | 804-3 124-52 | 547-4 839-3
4 12 129-00 516-3 800-2 136-45 | 536-0 802-2 129-55 | 554-4 802-7 125-25 | 550-8 836-4
18 126-53 , 512-9 | 798-4 135-46 | 534-6 | 803-6 129-62 | 556-5 | 803-8 126-25 | 550-2 834-8
2 94 124-17 | 513-7 797-2 135-59 | 533-8 803-0 129-17 | 551-8 807-4 126-77 | 549-8 832-1
q 30 124.22 | 514-2 800-3 134-17 | 537-0 801-1 129-05 | 550-2 808-0 127-20 | 549-4 | 831-2
36 122-22 | 518-2 801-2 134.07 | 537-0 800-5 129-00 | 554-4 808-1 127-14 | 551-5 827-6
42 124-83 | 516-3 803-3 133-31 | 538-6 | 798-8 129-28 | 555-8 808-1 127-63 | 551-7 | 827-2
48 126-26 | 520-1 801-5 132-87 | 542-5 796-8 129-65 | 560-6 804-6 126-35 | 551-7 823-4
54 127-85 | 520-2 800-3 132-93 | 545-4 796-1 129-98 | 560-3 808-3 125-99 | 554-6 821-6
1 Hour, is | 19| 20| 2 | 22] e8] 0] 1]2/s]4)s5)]6/)]7) 8 | 9 | 10
| BrrinaAR THERMOMETER, | 59:0 | 58°9 | 58-6 | 58-7 | 59-7 | 60-9 | 62:1 | 63:2 | 64-7 | 66-0 | 66-9 | 67-5 | 67:3 | 66°7 | 65:5 | 64:9 | 65-2
Barance Turrmomersn, | 59.5 | 59-2 59-2 | 60-0 | 60-7 66-3 | 66:3 | 66-4 | 66-3 | 66-2 | 66:3 | 648 | 64-2

June 224234, See note on page 38.

40

Gittingen
Mean Time
oO

Declination
(Observation.

Min.

Hour, .

TrErM-DAy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1842.

JuLy 20, 21.

BiriLnar THERMOMETER,

DECLINA- Brrmzan | BaLance | DeEctina- Brrwar | Batance | Decuina- | Bremar | Bavance | Deciina- | Brrttar | BALAnce
TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected.
& Sc. Div. ' Mic. Div. Se. Div. | Mic. Diy. gi Se. Div. | Mic. Div. Y Se. Diy. | Mie. Diy.
104, 14%, 18, pon,
116-77 | 536-7 814-4 125-35 | 540-0 | 751-2 123-07 | 531-3 | 800-6 123-22 | 527-4 | 796.4
117-57 | 536-4 | 813-0 124-99 | 541-4 | 752-3 122-55 | 530-0 | 799-8 123-97 | 528-1 | 796-7
118-52 | 538-3 | 813-9 125-62 | 540-8 | 753.4 122-04 | 530-1 | 798-5 123-87 | 526-7 | 795-0
120-20 | 538-3 | 809-7 125-63 | 539-8 | 753-9 122-04 | 530-8 | 798-7 123-77 | 526-2 | 793-3
120-25 | 538-8 | 805-7 125-65 | 539-5 | 754-2 122-90 | 529-7 | 799. 124-07 | 526-3 | 792-9
120-35 | 540-7 | 801-4 125-52 | 538-5 | 752-6 122-51 | 530-1 | 801-1 124-20 | 526-4 | 792-5
121-02 | 543-0 | 798-5 124-27 | 538-8 | 753-9 122-30 | 529-3 | 802-5 124.24 | 525-2 | 790-4
122-60 | 539-9 | 799-1 123-97 | 539-6 | 754-6 122-07 | 530-2 | 804-7 124-30 | 525-1 | 790-4
123-70 | 539-8 | 797-7 123-60 | 539-6 | 754-6 121-93 | 531-5 | 802-7 124-62 | 526-3 | 787-6
123-68 | 538-3 | 797-1 123-60 | 538-5 | 755-8 122-04 | 532-6 | 802-6 124-77 | 526-6 | 786-5
114, 15%. 19%, 23h,
124-50 | 536-7 | 795-4 122-93 | 537-1 | 757-7 121-70 | 532-7 | 804-0 125-22 | 526-9 | 785-2
123-58 | 535-1 | 792-9 122-27 | 537-6 | 758-2 121-98 | 532-4 | 802-8 125-00 | 523-9 | 782-7
122-28 | 535-9 | 791-1 121-77 | 537-7 | 761-5 121-70 | 532-9 | 803-9 124-35 | 527-8 | 781-1
121-65 | 534-4 | 792-0 121-58 | 538-0 | 762-5 121-52 | 532-8 | 801-9 125-43 | 528-7 | 781-4
121-10 | 535-2 | 790-4 121-35 | 536-2 | 764-4 121-10 | 533-7 | 804-1 125-68 | 529-4 | 781-6
120-78 | 535-9 | 790-4 121-25 | 534-6 | 766-8 121-40 | 534-2 | 804-7 126-02 | 529-3 | 780-8
120-78 | 535-5 | 790-7 121-58 | 534-9 | 768-6 121-58 | 532-2 | 803-5 126-45 | 529-8 | 781-1
121-18 | 534-3 | 791-6 122-35 | 534-1 | 771-1 121-75 | 532-3 | 802-8 126-72 | 529-7 | 781-3
121-77 | 535-1 | 791-7 122-78 | 534-0 | 771-1 121-70 | 532-1 | 802-1 126-85 | 531-5 | 780-6
122-10 | 535-8 | 790-1 123-08 | 534-7 | 773-7 121-12 | 532-6 | 803-6 127-28 | 534-7 | 780-2
12h, 16", 20%, (1s
122-60 | 534-8 | 792-9 | 123-60 535-5 | 774-9 | 120-93 | 530-8 | 802-9 | 127-92 | 534-6 | 782-3
122-38 | 535-1 | 790-8 123-84 535-5 | 774-6 120-80 | 530-0 | 804.7 128-74 | 532-8 | 784-4
122-87 | 534-4 | 791-6 123-98 535-1 | 775-4 120-98 | 529-8 | 804-8 129-14 | 534-5 | 783-1
122-80 | 534-1 | 791-1 123-73 536-2 | 776-3 121-47 | 530-1 | 805-7 129-65 | 534-1 | 783-6
123-47 | 534-4 | 790-0 123-68 537-0 | 778-8 121-02 | 530-6 | 804-0 130-10 | 532-9 | 784-5
124-48 | 538-6 | 787-7 124-53 533-7 | 779-4 121-71 | 526-9 | 804-7 130-33 | 533-2 | 784-5
127-74 | 543-7 | 781-3 124-37 538-5 | 784-1 119-78 | 530-8 | 803-3 130-75 | 533-6 | 785-0
129-69 | 545-3 | 772-9 124-77 535-5 | 784-5 120-35 | 531-4 | 803-6 131-45 | 533-9 | 786-8
129-07 | 545-0 | 765-6 124-27 535-5 | 787-0 121-05 | 530-3 | 803-7 131-63 | 534-0 | 786-8
128-07 | 544-7 | 760-0 124-18 536-0 | 789-6 121-30 | 529-0 | 804-4 132-11 | 532-9 | 787-5
134, ie PBR 1h)
127-94 | 543-2 | 755-4 124-00 | 532-8 | 791-7 121-12 | 528-5 | 802-6 132-18 | 531-9 | 788-2
127-85 | 541-7 | 752-0 123-51 | 534-4 | 792-1 121-00 | 528-5 | 801-5 131-92 | 533-8 | 787-7
127-48 | 539-7 | 750-2 123-42 | 534-2 | 792-3 121-43 | 528-0 | 801-0 131-96 | 535-4 | 788-3
127-23 | 538-3 | 750-3 123-22 | 533-8 | 795-9 121-49 | 528-6 | 800-4 132-28 | 533-4 | 790-3
126-22 | 538-9 | 748-3 123-40 | 532-4 | 797-9 121-84 | 528-7 | 799-5 132-11 | 532-6 | 790-8
125-62 | 539-3 | 747-1 123-73 | 532-1 | 802-0 122-25 | 528-7 | 799-0 132-42 | 534-8 | 790-7
125-12 | 540-8 | 746-4 124-40 | 531-3 | 800-3 122-84 | 528-4 | 799-0 32-65 | 538-2 | 790-6
124-88 | 541-1 | 748-7 123-80 | 532-7 | 800-6 122-91 | 527-6 | 797-4 132-87 | 538-9 | 792-4
124-95 | 540-3 | 751-0 123-42 | 531-4 | 799-9 122-98 | 528-0 | 796-7 132-65 | 539-0 | 793-8
125-23 | 540-5 | 751-2 123-42 | 530-9 | 799-3 123-38 | 526-8 | 795-8 132-35 | 540-5 | 794-1
10 | u | 12 13 | 1 | 15 | 16 | 17 20 | 21 | 22| 23| 0 | 2
58-2 | 58-4 | 58-1 | 586 | 589 | 59:1 | 59-0 | 59.0 | 58-9 | 595 | 59-1 | o9-4 | 598 | 60:6 | 61:6 | 624
Bavance Turrmomerer, . | 58-2 | 58.3 | 58-7 | 58-7 | 58-7 | 58-7 | 58-7 | 587 | 58-7 | 59-0 | 59-2 | 59:3 | 59-4 | 601 | 608 | 61-7

TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1842. 41

Gottingen Juty 20, 21. Auaust 26, 27.

Mean Time

oO
Declination || Decrina- | BrriLar pee DECLINA- Brriuaz | Batance | Dectina- | Brrizar | Batance | Dectina- Birimuar_ | BALANCE
Observation. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected.

Se. Div. | Mic. Diy. « Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. Se. Div. Se. Div. | Mic. Div.

6h. 104, 14),

551-8 . 544-7
548-5 . 541-6
551-1 . 536-7
553:3 533-6
546-4 : 532-9
543-5 . 531-2
544-7 529-6
544-7 . 528-7
541-3 5 528-3
540-5 . 531-5

114, 15%,

542-8 : 538-1
543-9 : 538-8
545-4 : 539-1
549-4 : 537-8
551-6 : 536-6
552-2 : 536-1
548-6 : 536-8
544-2 538-4
541-7 . 539-0
543-1 . 539-2

124, 164,

546-8 . 540-0
548-7 : 539-9
549-4 , 539-6
545-1 : 541-0
543-0 : 540-3
543-0 2. 539-3
543-2 : 539-4
541-3 : 540-3
538-5 . 540-1
536-3 . 540-2

gh, sie 174,

799-3 125-62 | 542-7 532-2 : 540-2 | 740-0
798-2 125-62 | 542-7 532-1 . 540-7 | 744-5
797-1 125-97 | 541-1 536-7 : 541-3 | 744-4
797-3 126-10 | 543-3 540-1 : 539-7 | 745-5
794-8 126-28 | 542-2 542-5 : 539-4 | 747-5
796-4 126-23 | 541-9 : 545-0 . 540-0 | 747-5
793-8 126-15 | 541-1 548-9 : 539-0 | 749-0
792-9 126-22 | 540-9 549-4 537-8 | 749-4
793-9 126-33 | 543-7 : 548-0 : 537-7 | 750-8
792.3 126-17 | 542-7 546-5 583-6 537-5 | 752-5

SENSEI EE

Biriar Tuermomerer, | 63-2 | 63-5 636 | 637 637 | 637 63:7 61:8 | 60-6 60°8 | 61-1 | 61-6 61-7 | 61-5 1s | 614 61'4

BaLaNce THERMOMETER, 623 | 627 629 | 631 62*9 | 63-2 | 63-2 61-9 | 60-9 61-0 | 61-2 | 61-7 | 61-7 | 61-7 | 61-8 | 61-7 | 61-7

MAG. OBS. VOL. I. L

42

Gottingen
Mean Time
of
Declination
Observation.

Min.

TrrM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1842.

Avaust 26, 27.

DECLINA-
TION.

BIFILan
Corrected.)

BALANCE
Corrected.

’

| Se. Div, |

18h,

537-1
536:5
535-6
534-4
534-7
539-0
534-1
534-0
532-2
530-9

194,

528+5
526-2
526-3
525-5
526-4
529-7
531-0
532-2
532-1
532-6

208.
533-8

DECLINA-
TION.

,

124-85
124-79
125-37
125-63
126-39
126-63
126-85
127-28
127-70
128-23

127-7

128-08
128-80
129-07
129-25
129-52
129-35
129.47
129-38
130-27 |

131-18 |
131-33
131-65
131-09
131-30
131-47
131-47
151-35
131-40
131-33

BIFILAR

Corrected.

Se. Div.

BOR

02.

522-6
525-8
527-6
528-6
527-9
528-7
528-4
529-3
532-9
536-4

DECLINA-
TION.

BALANCE
Corrected.

Mice. Div.

129-58
128-95
128-54
128-77
128-68
128-34
128-17
127-85
127-63
127-60

63:3

Se. Diy.

64-4 |

Biriar
Corrected.

BALANCE
Corrected.

Mice. Diy.

BIrFmlaR
Corrected.

Se. Div.

BALANCE
Corrected.

Mice. Div.

60°8 60:9 | 62:5 | 63:2

63:9

TreRM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1842. 43

| Gottingen SEPTEMBER 21, 22.
pisan 7 ime
po esunation DEcLINA- ee BALANCE DECLINA- Brrmar | BALANcE] DeEcLinA- | BririLar | BALANCE DEcLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE
q TION. Corrected.| Corrected, TION. Corrected.) Corrected TION. Corrected. | Corrected, TION. Corrected.| Corrected.
Min. f Se. Div. Se. Div. | Mic. Div. € Se. Div. | Mic. Div. % Se. Diy. | Mic. Div.
104, 14, 18h, 22h,
0 122-60 | 546-2 530-6 | 660-8 129-92 | 537-6 | 755-3 135-59 | 521-7 | 761-6
6 122-75 | 539-5 534-3 | 669-1 129.95 | 538-2 | 756-9 135-68 | 519-9 | 766-2
12 122-93 | 533-4 537-6 | 676-1 130-42 | 540-0 | 756-7 133-45 | 522-6 | 767-7
18 121-42 | 542-7 536-6 | 686-9 131-05 | 540-1 | 758-6 135-57 | 520-9 | 770-3
24 121-16 | 544-2 534-9 | 693-1 131-12 | 539-5 | 757-1 134-95 | 519-2 | 771-5
30 120-02 | 550-3 537-0 | 697-2 131-35 | 540-1 | 754-8 134-82 | 519-3 | 770-3
36 121-10 | 552-5 538-5 | 702.5 131-05 | 540-9 | 754-8 135-62 | 520-4 | 770-3
42 122-88 | 547-6 536-8 | 708-8 130-85 | 540-0 | 755-4 136-50 | 522-7 | 770-7
48 122-51 | 544-6 535-5 | 715-7 130-69 | 539-9 | 757-9 137-35 | 523-4 | 772-7
54 123-60 | 539-4 534-5 | 722.0 130-52 | 539-4 | 760-2 137-48 | 522.2 | 769-3
1 15 19h, 23h
0 122-97 | 538-2 535-6 | 726-4 130-15 | 538-6 | 762-6 136-30 | 528-2 | 768-1
6 122-85 | 537-0 537-0 | 732-5 130-42 | 539-7 | 764-4 137-83 | 528-4 | 767-6
12 123-28 | 536-8 537-8 | 737-0 130-70 | 538-9 | 767-3 137-88 | 532-8 | 768-7
18 124-40 | 536-4 537-7 | 743-9 130-83 | 537-8 | 768-6 137-32 | 530-9 | 763-4
24 124-88 | 529-8 537-5 | 748-2 130-78 | 536-6 | 769-7 137-95 | 530-5 | 764.0
30 123-88 | 519-3 537-0 | 753-0 131-05 | 537-4 | 769-9 138-34 | 530-5 | 764-6
36 125-52 | 524-2 537-7 | 758-1 130-45 | 536-7 | 771-2 138-57 | 531-9 | 762-9
42 127-38 | 525-8 538-8 | 760-9 130-78 | 536-8 | 772-4 138-47 | 532-7 | 760-8
48 128-30 | 527-2 540-4 | 761-9 130-52 | 535-4 | 772-9 139-40 | 529-8 | 760-2
54 128-03 | 528-7 540-9 | 761-8 130-98 | 535-1 | 773-1 139-76 | 529-0 | 758-6
12%, 16 208 ob
. 0 128-97 | 530-2 542-5 | 762-6 130-15 | 534-3 | 773.7 139-55 | 531-9 | 755-8
6 128-97 | 533-0 542-7 | 763-1 131-02 | 534-9 | 772.2 140-13 | 536-2 | 755-7
1 12 127-95 | 538-7 541-6 | 765-1 131-78 | 5353 | 771-6 140-43 | 530-1 | 754-2
18 126-97 | 441-7 543-6 | 765-6 132-17 | 535-3 | 770.3 139-43 | 533-8 | 752-4
24 127-30 | 542-6 541-9 | 765-7 132-84 | 333-8 | 770-5 139-87 | 535-1 | 751-1
30 126-72 | 541-5 541-5 | 764-8 133-50 | 530-6 | 770-3 140-36 | 535-0 | 750-2
36 126-59 | 538-0 542-5 | 764-0 134-33 | 528-4 | 770-1 140-02 | 536-5 | 750-0
42 126-62 | 541-9 544-2 | 764.8 134-40 | 528-1 | 767-5 140-53 | 538-4 | 747-3
48 130-38 | 548-7 542-8 | 763-7 134-58 | 528-0 | 763-8 140-53 | 538-8 | 746-9
54 129.52 | 546-6 544-7 | 764-4 134-25 | 527-5 | 765-5 140-69 | 540-2 | 748-1
i
| 13 is Pabs 1h,
0 127-17 | 554-4 545-6 | 758-7 133-70 | 527-0 | 764-3 141-18 | 539-7 | 749-0
6 131-18 | 560-7 545-5 | 757-2 133-50 | 525-0 | 762-1 140-42 | 539-7 | 748-5
| 12 136-40 | 555-6 546-8 | 756-0 132-97 | 526-9 | 761-1 141-73 | 543-5 | 746-7
18 138-27 | 543-1 547-3 | 754-7 132-88 | 526-1 | 761-9 141-02 | 541-1 | 746-8
24 137-70 | 537-0 542-5 | 753-8 132-60 | 523-3 | 760-5 141-05 | 542-4 | 748-1
30 136-40 | 531-0 541-8 | 752-4 132-28 | 525-5 | 760-7 141-02 | 543-4 | 746-1
36 134-68 | 526-6 541-7 | 751-3 133-37 | 523-3. | 760-7 141-65 | 541-5 | 748-4
| 42 132-25 | 525-3 538-2 | 752-1 134-60 | 520-7 | 761-8 140-40 | 544-5 | 749-3
| 48 130-47 | 528-2 538-9 | 751-4 134-37 | 520-3 | 761-7 140-18 | 542-7 | 750-9
| 54 129-65 | 530-9 537-1 | 752.3 134-73 | 520-3 | 761-7 140-38 | 545-9 | 750-8
|

re i | 1@ | 19 |! 20 | 21

} Bremar THERMoMeETER, | 57-8 | 57-6 | 57-1 | 56-8 | 58-1 59-6 | 60-6 | 61:5 | 61°8

| Bavance ToERMomeTER, . | s79 592

582

57-9 | 579 | 59-2

60:2 | 61-9 | 61-9 | 61-4 | 611 | 60:7 | 60-5 | 61-7 | 62:7 | 629

44

Gottingen
Mean Time

SEPTEMBER 21, 22.

TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1842.

OcroBerR 19, 20.

One
Declination
Observation.

DECLINA- Brrinar

TION.

| Corrected.

BALANCE

Corrected.

DEcuLiNA-
TION.

Birman
Corrected.

BALANCE
Corrected.

DECLINA-
TION.

BIrILaR
Corrected.

Min.

Se. Div.

137-02

6 137-72 | 554-4
12 137-70 | 556-6
18 136-93 | 546-8
24 136-79 | 547-4
30 136-52 | 546-8
36 136-59 | 550-9
42 137-34 | 553-6
48 136-83 | 550-2
54 136-77 | 553-9

4h,
0 136-95 | 549-4
6 136-46 | 547-5
12 136-42 | 552-4
18 136-15 | 549-0
24 135-68 | 546-4
30 135-53 | 5447
36 135-62 | 551-1
42 135-48 | 552-6
48 134-60 | 545-8
54 134-58 | 544-6

Hoovr,

tS

BIFiLtaR THERMOMETER, | 62:

Mic. Div.

62°5

131-33
127-58
128-38
126-35
127-77
129-56
129-69
128-75
128-65
129-08

61-9 | 61-4 | 60°6

, Se. Div.

Mie. Diy. Se. Div.

104,

573-1
572-4
554-7
539-0
534-9
536-9
544-2
547-5

554-0
554-7

114,

549-2
543-1
542-8
543-1
541-4
539-0
539-2
540-7
541-4
541-8

119-00
120-38
120-82
121-16
123-28
124-75
124-82
124-72
124-97
124-72

pan:

755-5 123-65 | 541-2
757-0 123-35 | 540-5
757-9 122-75 | 538-9
761-4 123-13 | 538-1
764-0 123-95 | 537-5
766-8 124-24 | 538-0
767-8 127-03 | 542-2
769-0 130-67 | 543-2

Mie. Div.

59:3 | 59:0 | 58-6 | 58:3]46-6 | 485

Batance | Dectina-

Corrected.

Brrivar | BALance

TION. Corrected. | Corrected.

a Se. Diy. | Mic. Div.

129-82 | 542-3 | 715-1
129-34 | 542-7 | 717-5
128-90 | 543-6 | 719.4
128-28 | 544-0 | 719-8
127-90 | 542-6 | 721-8
128-63 | 541-1 | 723-2
128-88 | 541-8 | 724-2
129-12 | 541-0 | 725.4

128-54

128-85 | 541-2 | 726-5
128-45 | 540-3 | 728-0
128-61 | 541-7 | 729-7
128-94 | 540-3 | 730-7
128-47 | 541-2 | 731-6
128-60 | 541-3 | 731-9
128-45

127-57

126-90 .

126-66 | 539-7 | 738-2
126-48 |} 538-9 | 739-9
126-06 | 538-3 | 742-2
126-06 | 537-7 | 746-0
126-59 | 538-9 | 748-7
127-63 | 539-6 | 749-3
127-54 | 639-1 | 750-0

127-60

BALANCE THERMOMETER,

62°5

63:2

62:9

62-7 | 61:7 | 60:4 | 60-4 | 59:9 | 59-3]49-1 [49-9 52-0 | 58-4

53°8 52°2 | 51:8

TreRM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1842.

Gottingen
Mean poe
Declination Dectina- | Brrmar_| BALANCE
Observation. TION. Corrected.| Corrected.
Min. F. Se. Div. ‘ Mic. Div.
18h,
0 127-95 | 538-4 | 750-0
6 126-60 | 541-4 | 753-5
12 127-63 | 538-7 | 753-3
18 128-03 | 537-8 | 760-2
24 128-14 | 536-8 | 759-9
30 127-18 | 539-6 | 761-0
36 127-17 | 538-5 | 760-6
42 127-07 | 541-0 | 763-5
48 128-25 | 538-7 | 763-7
54 127-83 | 539-3 | 765-1
192,
0 127-98 | 538-5 | 763-7
6 127-30 | 536-8 | 764-8
12 127-12 | 536-8 | 761-0
18 127-70 | 535-1 | 763-1
24 127-80 | 533-8 | 765-3
30 127-40 | 533-7 | 765-9
36 127-47 | 532-5 | 767-7
42 126-79 | 532-6 | 768-0
48 126-68 | 534-1 | 771-6
54 126-25 | 535-6 | 773-5
208,
0 126-15 | 536-4 | 775-6
6 126-13 | 536-5 | 775-3
12 126-35 | 536-7 | 776-6
18 125-83 | 536-5 | 775-8
24 124-97 | 537-4 | 776-9
30 124-62 | 536-7 | 778-8
36 124-63 | 536-4 | 778-9
42 124-72 | 537-0 | 781-8
48 125-08 | 536-5 | 782-4
54 124-72 | 537-7 | 781-8
214,
0 124-73 | 537-5 | 780-3
6 124-57 | 536-8 | 780-3
12 125-10 | 537-6 | 776-5
18 125-02 | 537-3 | 776-9
24 125-20 | 537-3 | 775-3
30 125-00 | 535-9 | 774-3
36 125-19 | 536-5 | 771-4
42 125-10 | 535-9 | 771-7
48 125-52 | 536-3 | 769-8
54 126-33 | 536-0 | 770-9
MIDUR, . . 18 19

BALANCE THERMOMETER,

MAG. OBS, VOL. I.

50-9 | 51-6 o16 | 526 | 53:5 | 52-6 | 52-6 53-9 | 54-2

DECLINA-
TION.

20

21

OcToBER 19, 20.

45

Biri.aR
Corrected.

Se. Div.

22h

533-8
532-9
534-7
535-3
532-3
532-6
529-5
528-7
526-1
527-9

gon

529-4
528-5
527-3
529-9
529-2
528-8
529-4
530-2
531-6
530-1

oh.

531-8
532-9
536-0
536-0
531-7
530-5
528-1
529-3
528-8
530-1

1h:

| 533-9

535-6
538-5
539-0
539-4
539-6
541-0
542-5
544-5
545-6

22

DECLINA-
TION.

BALANcE
Corrected.

Mic. Div.

770-9 135-86
770-4 136-28
767-6 137-41
763-8 137-37
763-7 136-62
761-0 136-43
761-0 136-35
759-2 136-22
760-8 136-22
757-1 136-22
755-7 136-10
755-6 135-90
754-7 135-72
753-4 135-68
753-6 135-60
753-1 135-39
753-1 134.47
752-3 134-28
749-7 133-84
752-5 133-57
755-1 133-20
754-8 133-08
755-5 133-00
756-3 132-93
758-4 132-31
760-3 132-10
762-2 131-63
763-4 131-55
763-0 131-49
759-7 131-47
757-4 130-98
757-5 130-98
755-9 130-58
756-4 130-25
756-3 130-32
756-4 130-35
756-1 130-60
756-1 130-78
757-8 130-58
759-2 129-96

| Birruan Toenmomeren, | 48-8 | 48 | 491 | 498 | 508 | 50-7 | 50-9 | 52-6 | 530

Brirmar BAuLance | DEcLINA- Birmar Balance
Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected.
Se. Div. | Mic. Div. J Sc. Div. | Mic. Diy.

Qh, 62,
545-7 | 760-2 | 129-60 | 545-7 | 765-6
544-1 | 763-9 | 129-69 | 544-0 | 763-2
546-1 | 763-5 | 129-41 | 547-5 | 760-3
544-9 | 763-0 | 130-07 | 549-4 | 763-5
544-6 | 760-5 | 130-09 | 549-0 | 765-3
544-6 | 760-1 | 130-07 |.550-3 | 763-2
545-0 | 758-9 | 130-32 | 547-4 | 756-7
544-8 | 758-9 | 130-36 | 547-4 | 751-1
545-5 | 757.7 | 129-83 | 548-1 | 749-6
547-7 | 759-5 | 130-13 | 549-5 | 747-4

3h, 7h,
548-6 | 758-1 130-40 | 546-2 | 747-7
549-1 | 757-9 | 130-02 | 543-4 | 751-8
548-9 | os 126-22 | 536-5 | 752-4
548-5 | 759-9 | 122-58 | 545-0 | 753-4
550-4 | 760-0 | 123-40 | 546-2 | 759-7
548-4 | 759-3 | 123-91 | 547-8 | 761-3
546-8 | 759-7 | 124-92 | 547-6 | 759-2
547-9 | 760-3 | 126-03 | 546-3 | 755-8
547-0 | 761-0 127-47 | 545-0 | 750-9
547-3 | 761-6 | 127-14 | 545-7 | 748-6

44, 8h,

547-6 | 765-3 128-30 | 545-4 | 749-1
548-7 | 766-3 128-07 | 543-1 747-2
548-9 | 766-1 | 127-95 | 545-0 | 744-2
548-3 | 769-6 127-83 | 541-2 | 744-4
547-7 | 766-0 126-57 | 544-5 | 743-3
548-4 | 762-6 | 126-94 | 549-9 | 743-5
548-6 | 761-9 | 127-05 | 547-5 | 750-1
549-7 | 760-2 127-55 | 543-2 | 753-8
550-0 | 761-9 | 127-01 | 540-6 | 757-5
550-8 | 763-1 | 126-97 | 539-9 | 756-9

5h, gh,
550-7 | 763-3 125-75 | 540-3 | 759-3
550-4 | 764.4 | 124-99 | 541-0 | 764-5
547-9 | 764-8 | 125-50 | 542-3 | 764-1
548-7 | 763-9 | 126-28 | 541-4 | 761-1
552-2 | 765-0 | 126-63 | 541-4 | 758-9
552-1 | 766-7 | 126-92 | 540-5 | 758-5
551-3 | 766-9 | 126-95 | 541-4 | 759-5
547-9 | 767-5 | 127-12 | 543-7 | 756-8
544-6 | 767-2 126-46 | 546-5 | 754-3
546-9 | 766-9 | 126-40 546-8 | 760-2

I
)

3] 4 | 5 | aji7 || 9 | 10
Bad | 54-7 | 54-9 | 54:9 | 55-2 | 54-6 | 54-1 | 54-9
55:5 | 55°7 | 56:2 | 569 | 57-1 | 57-5 | 58-2 | 55-9

M

46

Gottingen
Mean ‘Time

November 25, 26.

TrrmM-DAay OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1842.

‘or
Declination

s Bietnar
Observation,

Dscbina-
TION.

Correcied.

BAbance
Covvecied.

Dectuina-

TION.

Briribar
Correcied.

Decnina-
TION.

BALANCE
Corrected.

y Se. Div.

10".

. 549-9
550-7
550-7
548-8
547-5
5 | 547-8
548-6
549-0
| 548-3
548-4

ph

548-9
549-0
548-8
548-8
549-0
548-4
548-3
547-8
547-8
547-8

122,
547-5

Hour,

BiritakR THERMOMETER,

Mie. Diy.

| 53:0 | 55-4

J Se. Div.

Mic. Div.

14,

13 | 14] 15

zh

BALANCE THERMOMETER, .

547-4
547-2
546-2
546-2
546-0
545-5
545-8
546-2
546-2
546-2

126-62
127-05
127-14
127-27
127-23
127-54
127-52
127-50
127-52
127-32

16 | 17 | 18

561 | 66:0 |-37-9 | 57-4 | 3x:

Corrected.

BALANCE
Corrected.

Birizan
TION.

Derciin a-

Birrvar

Corrected,

BALance
Corrected.

Se. Div. | Mie. Diy. ‘d

18,

546-3
545-4
545-5
545-5
546-1
546-4
547-0
546-8
546-9
546-0

19,

546-0
546-8
547-7
547-2
548-6
548-1
548-9
548-3
546-4
547-9

204,

Mie. Div.

Saree en are

TprM-DAyY OBSERVATIONS OF MaGnrtomrtTenrs, 1842. 47

Gottingen NovemBer 25, 26. DecEMBER 20, 21.
aa ime
Declination DECLINA- Birman | BALance | DEctina- Brrizar | Batrance | Decrina- BIFILAR BAuLance J Decrina- | Brriar | BaLance
Observation, TION. Corrected.| Corrected, TION. Corvected.| Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Correcied. | Corrected.
Min. LU Se. Div. | Mic. Div. ke Se. Div. | Mic. Div. 4 Se. Div. | Mic. Div. £ Sc. Div. | Mic. Diy.
one 6h, 104, 144,
0 131-23 | 546-5 | 730-0 128-28 , 552-4 716-6 122-40 | 548-5 705-3 125-42 | 548-1 | 680-2
6 131-12 | 546-2 | 731-0 128-25 | 552-5 | 715-8 123-13 , 548-4 | 703-9 125-28 | 547-7 | 680-1
12 131-07 | 547-0 | 732-1 128-35 | 551-7 | 717-6 123-47 , 549-3 | 701-3 125-02 | 547-1 | 678-5
18 131-32 | 547-9 | 731-6 128-45 | 551-1 | 717-6 124-05 | 548-0 | 700-4 125-40 | 546-8 | 680-1
24 131-18 | 547-0 | 731-5 128-28 | 551-5 | 716-8 124-13 | 548-0 | 697-7 125-63 | 547-2 | 678-6
30 130-98 | 547-7 | 729-4 128-34 | 551-2 | 716-1 124-53 | 548-4. | 696-5 126-15 | 546-8 | 680-5
36 130-98 | 547-9 | 729-4 128-27 | 551-1 | 716-2 124-40 | 547-4 | 693-7 126-77 | 546-9 | 680-1
42 130-98 | 549-4 | 728-9 128-05 | 550-9 | 716-2 124.08 | 548-2 | 693-0 127-54 | 546-0 | 680-5
48 131-16 | 550-1 | 728-4 127-90 | 550-4 | 716-4 124.39 548-0 | 690-5 127-63 | 546-5 | 679-4
54 131-12 | 549-7 | 727-8 127-58 | 551-4 | 716-1 124-07 | 549-1 | 688-6 126-98 | 547-1 | 677-7
Bit oe pit: 152
0 131-00 | 549-9 | 727-0 127-78 } 550-7 | 715-5 123-97 | 549-7 | 687-5 126-28 | 548-0 | 678-2
6 130-98 | 549-7 | 727-3 128-27 | 550-6 | 715-8 123-91 | 549-2 | 685-7 126-05 | 548-0 | 678-4
12 130-98 | 550-2 | 727-4 128-12 | 549-3 | 715-2 123-84 | 550-0 | 685-5 125-95 | 547-0 | 680-0
18 130-98 | 550-4 | 727-7 128-17 | 549-2 | 714-2 124-53 | 548-9 | 683-6 125.68 | 546-2 | 679-2
24 130-98 | 550-5 | 727-5 128-18 | 549-1 | 713-9 124-39 | 548-4 | 682-4 125-50 | 546-0 | 679-4
30 130-82 | 549-3 | 727-0 127-95 | 549-3 | 714-9 124-73 | 549-4 | 681-9 125-02 | 545-6 | 678-9
36 130-85 | 550-2 | 725-9 128-01 | 549-0 715-2 125-19 | 549-1 | 680-8 124-79 | 546-2 | 679-3
42 130-83 | 550-4 | 724-7 128-27 | 548-5 . 714-9 125-70 | 548-7 | 681-1 124-52 | 546-4 | 680-6
48 130-35 | 550-7 | 724-0 127-98 | 548-3 | 713-9 125-93 | 549-5 | 681-8 124-73 | 545-9 | 681-0
54 130-35 | 548-3 | 723-8 127-65 | 548-3 | 713-7 125-72 | 548-3 | 680-8 124.45 | 547-0 | 681-3
4h, 8h, 12", 164.
a) 0 130-49 | 549-8 | 721-1 127-54 | 548-4 | 712-9 125-45 | 548-9 | 681-0 124-68 | 547-4 | 681-1
6 130-49 | 550-3 | 720-4 127-10 | 548-4 | 712-2 125-26 | 549-3 | 679-9 125-02 | 548-3 | 682-1
. 12 130-36 | 550-1 | 720-3 127-07 | 548-3 | 712-8 125-50 | 550-6 | 679-7 125-02 | 546-8 | 681-6
. 18 129-92 | 550-1 | 721-9 127-50 | 547-4 | 712-0 126-37 | 552-4 | 677-9 124-83 | 546-7 | 682-7
| 24 129-49 | 550-8 | 721-8 127-28 | 547-7 | 712-3 126-19 | 552-5 | 676-3 125-20 | 547-0 | 683-9
30 129-58 | 550-7 | 721-7 127-17 | 546-5 | 711-6 125-70 | 550-2 | 675-9 125-82 | 547-3 | 686-4
; 36 129-28 | 550-6 | 721-8 126-40 | 546-6 | 711-5 125-45 | 549-3 | 676-0 126-22 | 549-3 | 685-4
¢ 42 129-17 | 551-2 | 719-2 126-39 548-2 | 711-1 125-48 | 548-7 | 677-6 126-57 | 547-5 | 684-7
} 48 129-14 | 551-3 | 721-0 126-90 | 547-1 | 712-6 125-62 | 548-5 | 677-6 127-03 | 547-3 | 684-1
| 54 129-35 | 551-5 | 719-3 127-41 | 546-1 | 712-9 125-85 | 548-5 | 677-6 127-00 | 547-6 | 682-8
BR gh, 13%, 17,
0 128-90 | 549-5 | 719-7 127-23 | 545-9 | 713-7 126-08 | 548-4 | 677-6 126-90 | 547-9 | 679-8
6 129-17 | 548-0 | 719-2 127-12 | 547-0 | 716-3 126-32 | 548-4 | 677-7 126-59 | 547-6 | 678-6
12 128-58 | 546-1 | 720-8 126-90 ; 546-3 716-8 126-28 | 548-3 | 679-5 126-15 | 547-3 | 676-0
18 127-68 | 546-4 | 720-3 126-82 546-1 718-0 125-65 | 549-0 | 679-0 126-48 | 546-8 | 675-3
24 126-98 | 547-3 | 722-6 126-82 546-7 718-8 126-19 | 549-6 | 676-1 126-62 | 547-0 | 674-4
30 126-68 | 548-7 | 722-0 126-82 | 546-8 720-2 126-28 | 550-1 | 677-6 126-28 | 547-1 | 675-1
36 126-80 | 550-4 | 719-7 126-79 | 546-7 l 719-2 125-82 | 548-7 | 678-8 126-08 | 547-4 | 675-6
| 42 127-43 | 550-2 | 719-0 126-90 | 546-5 ° 719-8 125-72 | 549-1 | 678-0 126-32 | 547-0 | 673-4
| 48 127-45 | 552-5 | 718-1 127-03 | 546-0 | 720-1 125-70 | 548-4 | 678-3 126-66 | 546-9 | 676-9
not 127-88 | 5528 | 716-4 127-27 | 545-8 | 719-7 125-43 | 546-9 | 679-5 126-42 | 547-1 | 677-3
Meee ef 2a Bi 4 Bd od ee Beh 9 10] 10 12 13 | 14 | 15 16 | 17

) Brrrear Taermomerer, | 869 | 57-9 | 59-0 | 59-6 598 | 598 | 595 | 58:6 | 58-4 606 | 618 e27 | 627 | 6
sual
ha

26 | 622 61-4 | 607
| Baraxce Turemomeren, | 58:9 | 602) 612| 613 | 617 | 61s | 612 | 60-6 | 59-7]622| 6a Dial ak faaheoalons

62:2

Pa

48 TreRM-DAy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1842.

Giittingen DeceMBER 20, 21.
Mean Time
of
Declination || Decriwa- Brertar | BALAnce | Dectina- Brriwar
Observation. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.

BAtAnce
Corrected.

BIFILaR
Corrected.

BALAnce | DECLINA-

Dectina- | BrriraR | Banance
Corrected. TION.

TION. Corrected.) Corrected.

bs Sc. Div. | Mic. Div.

£ Se. Div. ' Mie. Div. st Se. Div. | Mie. Div. os Se. Diy. | Mic. Div.

18, 22h, Qh,

126-19 | 547-8 | 675-5 129-98 | 551-5 | 672-4 129-03 | 548-3 | 704-9
125-93 | 548-3 | 675-6 129-63 | 550-1 | 670-7 128-97 | 548-9 | 705-4
125-80 | 548-4 | 675-9 129-34 | 549-7 | 663-9 128-74 | 548-5 | 705-4
125-70 | 549-3 | 676-4 129-52 | 548-9 | 664-2 128-37 | 548-3 | 705-3
125-50 | 548-8 | 678-5 129-41 | 548-6 | 662-6 128-18 | 548-4 | 705-8
125-57 | 549-4 | 684-7 129-63 | 547-6 | 671-6 128.10 | 548-3 | 706-3
126-10 | 549-4 | 689-1 129-53 | 548-0 | 672-4 127-78 | 548-7 | 706-5
126-13 | 549-2 | 691-9 129-27 | 546-7 | 673-0 127-77 | 548-3 | 706-6
126-05 | 550-3 | 692-3 129-37 | 547-2 | 673-3 127-63 | 548-3 | 707-6
125-86 | 551-4 | 690-7 129-34 | 547-7 | 673-4 127-52 | 548-8 | 707-6

194, Zan 3h,

126-35 | 551-0 | 691-1 129-52 | 547-5 | 674-7 127-50 | 547-9 | 708-0
126-06 | 551-9 | 690-5 129-55 | 547-4 | 677-6 127-17 | 547-9 | 707-6
126-45 | 551-7 | 690-7 129-69 | 546-8 | 684-3 127-10 | 548-4 | 708-0
126-33 | 551-3 | 691-0 129-83 | 546-5 | 687-0 127-30 | 548-4 | 707-9
126-70 | 551-2 | 691-1 129-83 | 546-6 | 687-9 127-30 | 548-0 | 708-4
126-79 | 550-5 | 690-8 129-69 | 547-8 | 687-9 127-10 | 547-9 | 708-3
126-90 | 550-0 | 690-0 129-70 | 547-0 | 688-1 127-27 | 548-5 | 708-3
126-82 | 550-2 | 691-2 129-62 | 546-0 | 688-6 127-50 | 548-0 | 709.8
126-92 | 549-9 | 691-4 129-72 | 546-6 | 687-5 127-55 | 548-1 | 711-2
126-90 | 549-2 | 692-5 129.49 | 546-3 | 686-4 127-63 | 547-0 | 710-6

204, ob, 4h,

126-90 | 548-8 | 693-3 129-52 | 546-1 | 685-7 127-74 547-0 | 709-3
126-98 | 548-0 | 693-5 129-78 | 547-0 | 685-8 127-83 546-8 | 708-1
127-30 | 547-0 | 693-5 129-75 | 546-9 | 685-9 127-63 | 547-5 | 708-1
127-63 | 546-7 | 693-0 129-93 | 547-1 | 686-6 127-57 | 547-9 | 707-3
127-90 | 546-2 | 692-7 130-32 | 547-7 | 686-9 127-50 | 548-5 | 707-5
128-70 | 544-8 | 692-6 130-60 | 548-4 | 687-7 127-60 | 548-9 | 706.9
129-01 | 544-9 | 690-5 130-93 | 548-8 | 688-0 127-50 | 549-6 | 707-3
129-32 | 545-0 | 688-6 130-65 | 547-9 | 688-1 127-67 | 548-6 | 708-0
129-63 | 544-8 | 687-5 130-36 | 547-6 | 687-5 127-61 , 548-8 | 708-5
129-80 | 544-6 | 685-4 130-15 | 547-6 | 686-3 127-63 | 547-8 | 709-0

Zee 12, ~ 5h,

130-05 | 544-9 | 684.8 129-72
130-25 | 544-7 | 882-4 129-76
130-05 | 545-6 | 680-5 129-53
129-67 | 546-1 | 679-5 129-47
129-62 | 547-9 | 678-0 129-30
129-43 | 549-6 | 676-8 129-25

124-57 | 549-8 | 696-7
125-42 | 550-7 | 697-1
125-72 | 551-5 | 698-8
125-93 | 548-9 | 700-0
125-66 | 548-9 | 698-8
125-68 | 549-5 | 698-3
126-03 | 549-7 | 698-3
126-19 | 549-5 | 698-2
125-93 | 549-4 | 696-7
125-79 | 549-6 | 696-7

iS eee eames s| -

59-9 | 59-9 | 598 | 587 | 587 | 586 | 58-4 | 58-4 | 58:6 | 58:8 | 59-4 | 59:8 | 59:8 59-2 58:8

129-62 | 550-5 | 676-3 129-47

130-22 | 551-1 | 674-8 129-10

is | 19

Birirak THERMOMETER,

BALANCE THERMOMETER, | 613 | 61-5 62:2 62:2 | 61-7 | 60:3 | 60-7 | 60°3 | 603 | 60-2 | 60:3 | 60-7 | 61-2 | 61:3 | 61:7 | 60:9 | 60°6

EXTRA OBSERVATIONS

OF

MAGNETOMETERS.

1841 anp 1842.

50 Extra OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1841.
Aveust 20. SEPTEMBER 25. SEPTEMBER 25. 1
Gtting = PILAR | BALANCE} Gottingen -,_| BIFILAR | BALANCE Gottingen 2 ,.| BIFILAR |BALANCE
in tone. of apa rine Cor- Mean Time of genes Cor- Cor- Mean Time of eee Cor- Cor-
Observation. a rected. | rected. Observation. s rected. | rected. Observation. rected. | rected. |
aohm Ss. 4 Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. | ad. hh. m5 £ Sc. Div. | Mie. Div.] do h. ms. ‘ Se, Div. | Mie. Div. |
20 22 40 O| 135-28 | 531-0 25 4 46 30 909 $25 5 53 30 655-2 }
45 0O| 135-82 695 48 30 764-7 55 O| 147-23
50 O}| 136-02 | 531-5 50 O| 141-87 56 30 666
55 0) 136-30 691 51 30 1032 58 30 702-9
23 0 O| 136-97 | 533-8 Hae ao { 812-0 6 O O|} 164-14
Se Olwagnka 691 30 |: 822-6 1 30 619
10 O| 137-83 | 532-5 55 829-0 3 30 783-5
15 O} 138-10 693 55 O| 121-40 5 0O| 188-98
20 0} 138-30 56 30 910 6 30 823
58 Al) 849-7 8 30 794-9
= 30 854-6 10 O} 190-50.
SEPTEMBER 25. 55 { 861-0 11 30 1007
5 0 O} 130-45 ta (30 760-3
95 1 57 30} 916 1 30 802 15 O| 141-12
2 0 O} 153-14 3. 3 \ 875-1 16 30 689
2 30 664-3 30 |. 861-1 18 5 834-2
4 4 42/( 155-82 55 843-6 30 824-8
5 0} 161-38 5 0} 135-42 55 809-8
5 18|( 165-54 6 30 823 19 42) ( 194-20
6 30 1070 8 30 779-7 20 0} 213-43
10 0| 129-78 9 42 |( 142.20 20 18|| 221-56
11 30 975 10 O} 152-54 21 30 781
13 30 804-8 10 18 | 154-80 23 30 592-6
15 0O| 124-62 11 30 898 25 0} 205-27
16 30 686 13 30 757-0 26 30 1000
18 5 ( 784-6 15 0} 142-73 28 30 620-3
30 |, 799-5 16 30 1005 30 0} 182-91
55 802-7 18 30 690-5 31 30 655
20 O| 161-94 20 0} 138-30 33 30 660-7
21 30 882 21 30 907 35 0) 199-70
23) 5 { 863-0 23 30 705-7 36 30 682
30 |: 864-3 25 O| 149-36 38 30 637-0
55 || 889-0 26 30 907 40 0| 204-40
24 42 heeeroe 28 30 676-9 41 30 841
25 Of} 183-33 30 0} 139-52 43 5 { 693-0
25 18|| 179-95 31 30 $94 30 |. 680-7
26 30 1045 33. 30 690-2 55 || 667-4
28 5 863-2 34 42)( 139-05 45 0| 189-03
30 841-9 35 0\< 130-32 46 30 943
55 827-9 35 18|{ 121-07 48 milf 604-1
30 0O| 128-98 36 30 847 30 615-5
31 30 965 38 30 793-2 55 || 620-2
33 an 752-8 39 42 { 180-65 50 O| 182-25
30 757-7 40 0) 184-00 51 30 878
551 767-4 40 18|| 158-90 53 5)/ 643-3
35 0} 161-58 41 30 827 30 649-4
36 30 927 43 30 795-0 55 \ 659-6
38 30 776-6 45 0} 171-42 55 0| 178-90
40 0O| 131-47 46 30 695 56 30 763
41 30 940 48 30 620-07 58 5 { 622-8
43 30 731-3 50 0} 131-60 30 617-8
45 0O| 136-37 if 51 30 838 55 | 606-0

, Aug. 204 22> 1841. Observations made during a thunder-storm. 225 50™. Very heavy rain. 23h 15™, Clearing off. 23%, Thermometer
Bifilar, 60°-4; Balance, 61°-0. The times of the Bifilar and Balance observations are 2™ 308 after those in the first column.

From the above it would not appear that the mean directions of the magnets were affected by the thunder-storm; the vibrations of t}
Declination magnet were occasionally very considerable, and this appeared particularly the case when the fall of rain was unusually heavy ;
thus, at 22% 50™, when the rain was exceedingly violent, the arc of vibration amounted to about 17’, while at 22 45™, when the fall was con
paratively slight, the are of vibration did not exceed 3’. EB. R.

Sept. 254 4" 1841, When the scale of the Bifilar Magnetometer went or was going out of the field of the reading telescope, Mr Russé
turned the torsion circle so as to bring the scale into the field again ; the following were the readings of the torsion circle at the times annexed +
2h 2m 30%, 114°, usual position; 4" Om, 108°; 5% 20m, 110°; 54 25m, 111°; 54 40m, 109°; 54 50m, 111°; 6 25m, 112°, The reading of ty
Bifilar seale was estimated at the following times, the scale being in sight, but beyond the vertical wire of the reading telescope ; 2% 2™ 3(
5% 18™ 30%, 6h 23m 30%. At 5% 48m 30s the scale was out of sight, so that the reading must have been less than is here noted.

The observations of the Bifilar Magnetometer are reduced to the torsion circle reading 114°. See Introduction.

Sept. 254 1841, Bifilar Thermometer, 25, 627-0; 45, 651; 5», 65°°0; 6b, 64°°9; 7%, 642.

Balance Thermometer, 2%, 60°2; 4%, 63°2; 5%, 63°2; 6h, 63°2; 7», 632.

EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, May 16—Juny 1. 1842. 51

DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION. BiFivar. BALANCE.
Mean Tene. |™0-| pending |Mim-| Reading | Min.| Reading dean Tine. |™2-| Reaaing | Miz-| Reading || Min.| Reading
Reduced of Cor- of Cor- of Retnnen: of Cor- of Cor-
Obs. * | Obs.| rected. ||Obs.| rected. Obs. Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected.
a =h | m A m. Se. Div. m. Mice. Div. dh. |} m. z m. Se. Div. 1m. Mic. Diy.
May 16 4 58 998 May 25 5 | 27! 132-13 | 26 557-3
May 16 5 0} 149-71 2 574:3 29 554-8
13 | 144-42 | 15 554.3 14 1055 30 556-6
16 | 141-93 | 18 549-1 17 1069 34 553-6
19 |} 139-72 || 21 546-7 || 20 1072
22 | 139-38 || 24 544-9 || 23 1077 July 1 19 58 618
25 | 137-37 || 27 549-4 || 26 1074 July 1 20 0 | 126-42 2 479-8
28 | 134-53 || 30 551-5 29 1056 6 | 118-63 i 495-2 9 634
31 | 134-60 || 33 552-3 32 1042 10 | 122-33 || 11 513-5 12 634
34 | 134-82 || 36 554-9 || 35 1031 13 | 125-22 || 14 517-3 15 635
37 | 134-88 || 39 553-3 38 1022 16 | 125-48 || 17 507-2
40 | 135-22 | 42 552-9 | 41 1015 18 | 123-40 || 19 488-2 | 20 655
43 | 135-55 || 45 555-4 || 44 1008 | 21 122-73 || 22 472-4 23 666
46 | 135-55 || 48 556-6 || 47 1003 24 | 121-52 || 25 456-1 26 678
49 | 135-82 || 51 553-6 || 50 999 27 | 120-12 || 28 462-6 || 29 670
52 | 135-15 || 54 555-1 53 995 (464-3)
55 | 134-33 || 57 555-4 || 56 989 30 | 119-85 || 31 473-1 32 661
[ 58 | 134-33 | 60 554-8 || 59 984 (474-8)
May 16 6 1 | 134-20 3 556-0 2 980 33 | 119-18 || 34 491-5 | 35 655
4 | 134-13 6 | 558-3 5 975 36 | 117-37 || 37 | 499-6 || 3S 654
: 7 | 135-08 9 558-9 8 970 (503-3)
. 10 | 135-62 |) 12 559-8 11 967 39 | 113-93 |) 40 509-1 41 651
13 | 136-68 || 15 560-3 14 964 (506-4)
16 | 136-88 || 18 558-3 17 962 42 | 106-55 || 43 489-1 44 672
19 | 137-37 || 21 557-3 || 20 960 (487-5)
22 | 137-30 || 26 555-4 || 24 958 45 | 120-45 || 46 485-1 47 698
28 | 137-57 || 31 550-7 || 29 957 (484.5)
33 | 137-15 || 39 548-0 || 36 951 48 | 128-03 || 49 467:8 50 701
42 | 136-02 || 48 548-5 || 45 941 51 119-45 52 703
51 | 136-02 || 57 556-1 54 932 54 | 126-15 |) 55 464-8 | 56 716
May 16 7 0 | 136-35 6 555-5 3 928 57 | 133-67 || 58 459-0 59 721
y 9 | 136-35 | 15 556-9 12 922 July 1 21 0 | 130-78 1 443-6 2 720
18 | 137-50 28 920 (445-1)
40 549-0 3 | 124-07 4 435-7 5 714
(430-2)
May 24 7 || 30| 130-65 | 32 549-6 34 839 6 | 111-53 7 432-1 8 708
May 24 8] 0| 130-45 | 2) 550-1 4 839 (433-6)
‘ ; 9 | 110-12 || 10 455-6 11 707
| May 25 2 54 | 135-28 | 55 | 546-0 | 56 | 823 456-6)
i} 57 | 135-62 | 58 545-9 || 59 821 12 | 116-83 || 13 461-3 14 710
May 25 3 0 | 135-02 1 547-3 || 2 819 15 | 114-42 || 16 439-5 17 718
| 3 | 135-02 4 549-0 5 819 (436-3)
| ! 6 | 134-82 7 547-9 18 | 115-35 || 19 460-5 || 20 733
j 11 | 549-9 (462-7)
} | 13 546-9 21 131-25 || 22 478-3 || 23 726
( } | 16 | 544-7 (127-17)
9 20 549-3 24 | 127-97 || 25 481-0 || 26 720
| 26 | 134-33 | 24 548-8 || 25 816 (483-2)
|

Bifilar Thermometer.
| | 20h, 58°-4 ; 214, 5870.
! Balence Thermometer. May 164 5%, 64°-7 ; Gn, 65°83; 74, 65°7. May 244 7 30m, 56°7, May 254 3

‘| 587-4,

Ares of Vibration.
h 20 24m, 10’; 20 27m, 7’,

é few cases the are was noted at the time of observation.
_ | readings exceeds 6’ for the Declination and 104 for the Bifilar.

Declination Magnet.
Bifilar Magnet.

an extra reading having been made at 505, it is the mean of the readings at 0%, 255, and 505.

the times of vibration of the Bifilar and Declination magnets respectively.

May 164 54 1842, 67°-0; 6%, 677; 75, 67°-9. May 2447» 30m, 580. May 254 3h, 59°-5; 54, 6171. July 14
, 581,

July 14 20% 0m, 11/; 208 6™, 7’; 20h 13m, 8’; 208 16m, 15’; 208 18™, 17’; 204 21m, ni
July 14 204 2m, (224iv up) ; 21 4m, L4aiv; Q]h 7m, 1Bdiv,
The ares of vibration given above are taken from the reas as registered, and are therefore generally less than the truth; ina
The are has not been given excepting when the difference of two consecutive
- When the readings of the Bifilar do not shew a vibration but a progressive
, motion, the quantity moved in 505 is given in brackets with up or down attached as the reading was increasing or diminishing.

' July 1444, When an observation of the Bifilar is given in brackets (_), it is the mean position 255 after the previous observation ;
The observations of Declination in brackets
are the mean positions “18° before the succeeding observation, obtained by making a reading 36% before the minute. 25% and 18* being

July 14 208, 58°°7; 214,

“Extra OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JULY 1, 2. 1842.

Or
bo

DECLINATION, BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION. BIFivar. BALANCE,

Gottingen :
Mean Time. “| Reading
Reduced.

Gottingen

Mean Time. Min. Reading Min.| Reading -| Reading

of Reduced of Cor- Cor-
Obs. | “SBS | Obs. | rected. s.| rected.

Reading || Min.| Reading
Cor- of Cor-
rected. || Obs.| rected,

3 ° F . m. Se. Div. : Mic. Div. d. h % ” : Se. Div. b Mice. Diy.

July 124-88 | 28 489-1 712 July 23 129-23 : 746
120-05 31 464-6 |; 717
(461-8) 134.27 3: 748
117-97 34 471-9 719. 134-95 : 750
122-00 37 465-4 730 135-42 i 752
125-35 || 40 472-4 732 137-77 746
(128-70)
129-72 | 43 463-9 735 137-97
(462-6)
126-55 | 46 464-0 137-30
(467-0) )
133-13 || 49 484-2 137-57
(485-8)
140-05 495-5 3 | 136-08
143-95 503-8 136-82
(501-8)
145-50 498-2
(495-5) 131-45
145-30 489-0
137-37 491-8 130-65
(494-0) 131-52
135-35 497-1 128-10
(500-6) 128-43
138-23 513-2
(140-12) 128-70
139-25 514-9 124.75
(513-8)
128-70 502-6 123-00
(504-8)
126-42 123-07
129-17

120-45
129-85 116-35

125-75 ; 113-93
(115-55)
130-38 114-20

130-18 113-20
(131-23) 7) 119-52
132-05
130-38
134-00
131-52 . 136-62
134-47
127-23 . A 148-44
129-98 . 72

141-13
132-73 ’ 135-88
133-33

131-98
133-67 : 128-63

130-67 . 130-58
130-52 4

131-65
130-18 , 128-17
126-28

Bifilar Thermometer. July 14 22h, 58°-0; 23%, 58-4; 24 0b, 58°9; 1b, 59°7,

Balance Thermometer. July 14 22h, 684; 23h, 58°-5; 24 Ob, 59°-0; 14, 59°7,

Ares of Vibration. Declination Magnet. July 14 214 45m, 6’; 214 51™, 6’; 24 0h 33m, 15’. Bifilar Magnet, July 14 22 7m, ]Qdiv ;
22h 16m, 1]div ; 24 Oh 7m (174iv up),

See note, page 51, on the observations in brackets.

Gottingen
Mean Time.

h.

d.
wmly 2 «1

ExtTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JULY 2. 1842.

53

Bifilar Thermometer. July 2% 2h, 60-0; 3h, 60°35; 5h, 61°°6; 64, 61°38.
Balance Thermometer. July 24 2h, 59°9; 3h, 60°2; 5b, 612; 6h, 614,

Arcs of Vibration.
See note, page 51, on the observations in brackets.

“MAG. OBS. VOL. I.

Bifilar Magnet.

July 24 2h 7m, Bdiv,

DECLINATION. BIFivaR. BALANCE. DECLINATION. | BIFmar. BALANCE.
Min.) Reading | Min-| Reading || Min.) Reading Ba tae Min. | Reading | Min-| Reading |/ Min.| Reading |
of Reduced. of Cor- of Cor- of iedacedl of Cor- of Cor-
Obs. Obs.| rected. || Obs.}| rected. Obs. Obs. | rected. || Obs rected.
m. ld m. Se. Div. m. Mie. Div. a oh. || m. 4 m. Se. Div. m. Mic. Diy.
3 | 124-42 4 | 546-5 5 1060 July 2 2) 57) 137-50 8 | 523-4 59 802
(548-9) July 2 3 0 0 | 524-0
6 | 123-67 7 | 557-1 8 1040 1 | 529-5 2 798
(558-1) 3 | 138-92 4 | 536-2 5 796
9 | 123-93 || 10 | 560-2 11 1020 (537-4) -
(562-3) 6 | 535-0
12 | 126-08 || 13 | 570-1 14 995 7 | 539-7
(571-7) 8 | 540-2
15 | 128-37 || 16 | 571-6 17 978 28 | 559-8 29 776
18 | 129-03 || 19 | 573-5 20 956 (561-3)
(576-5) 30 | 138-85 || 31 | 557-4 32 784
21 | 129-37 || 22 | 569-6 23 950 (554-7)
(562-6) 33 | 550-3
24 | 131-18 || 25 | 582-4 26 925 | 35 | 137-77
(585-5) | 50 | 495-2 52 825
27 | 130-05 || 28 | 552-8 29 921 54 | 155-15 || 56 | 517-1 58 822
30 | 129-52 || 31 | 567-5 32 906 July 2 4 0 | 135-82 2 | 527-2 4 819
(565-8) 6 | 132-27 || 8 | 536-3 10 808
33 | 131-32 | 34 | 575-7 35 895 12 | 132-87 | 14 | 538-4 16 809
(567-9) 20 | 537-8 22 806
36 | 131-72 || 37 | 573-3 38 871 24 | 133-07 || 26 | 541-1 28 806
(574-5 30 | 133-80 | 32 | 563-5 34 796
39 | 132.67 || 40 | 572-3 41 856 36 33-73 || 38 | 546-7 40 800
(574-1) 42 | 134-95 || 44 | 552-1 46 795
42 | 133-27 || 43 | 568-1 || 44 847 | 48 | 133-53 | 50 | 535-8 |] 52 804
45 | 133-67 | 46 | 570-3 47 832 54 | 134-13 || 56 | 557-5 58 799
(572-4) July 2 5] 0} 137-43 2 | 559-2 4 811
48 | 136-55 || 49 | 574-1 50 813 | 6 | 137-57 8 | 586-4 10 801
(571-5) 12 | 137-23 || 14 | 589-8 16 825
51 | 136-68 || 52.| 564-6 53 810 18 | 127-15 || 19 | 606-6
(561-3) 20 | 609-9
54 | 137-37 || 55 | 556-5 56 806 21 | 615-8
(554-5) 22 | 622-0 22 842
57 | 136-68 || 58 | 542-9 58 810 23 | 624-9
59 811 24 | 136-22 || 24 | 625-2
0} 138.03 1 | 542-4 2 814 25 | 626-0
(533-8) 26 | 620-6 28 875
3 | 138-37 4 | 538-8 5 798 29 | 133-27 || 30 | 622-4 31 889
(542.2) 32 | 131-58 || 33 | 621-1 34 904
6 | 142-28 7 | 529.7 8 809 35 | 130-85 || 36 | 623-0 37 914
(522-1 38 | 132-05 || 39 | 626-4 40 922
9 | 135-88 | 10 | 502-4 11 815 41 | 132-93 || 42 | 625-7 43 927
(508-3) (623-5)
12 | 516-4 44 | 132-47 || 45 | 615-0 46 933
13 | 510-1 14 813 47 | 131-38 ] 48 | 609-4 49 943
15 | 140-18 || 16 | 516-8 17 806 (607-5)
18 | 140-72 | 19 | 525-0 20 794 50 | 606-0
(526-6) 51 | 606-1 52 | ' 947
21 | 529.0 53 | 131-12 || 54 | 605-8 55 950
22 | 528-2 23 797 56 | 605-8
24 | 141-05 || 25 | 540-5 26 797 57 | 603-7 58 955
(538-0) 59 | 133-53 (602-7)
27 | 138-72 | 28 | 531-7 29 794 July 2 6] 0 0 | 589-4 1 961
(532-8) | | (588-3)
30 | 538-6 2| 132-47 3 | 590-2 4 965
31 | 532-7 32 790 588-7)
33 | 139-05 | 34 | 536-2 35 795 5 | 579-1

54 ExTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JuLY 2. 1842.

DECLINATION. | BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE.
yOttingen ‘ 2 3 A P Gottingen . : * . e
Mews Time. 5 Reading - BONE _ ene Mean Time. a ening a eS ae Beene
Obs. Reduced. |! o5.| rected. || Obs.! rected. Obs. | “°SP®™ | Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected.
ey eal i i i i a m Se. Diy. ™ Mie. Diy.
d || 4 ¢ m. Se. Div, m. Mie. Div. dad. h. mt . a . 5 a hs
July 2 6 "6 | 13213 | 7 | 576-8 8; 983 | July 2 7 | 51) 122-47 || 52| 572-4 | 53 883
‘ | 9} 133-53 | 10} 588-0 | iL 993 (574-1) |
| (591-0) | | 54 | 122-73 || 55 | 575-7 | 56 865
12 596-3 || 13 | 1000 57 | 125-55 || 58 | 573-5 || 59 863
14 | 134.00 || 15 | 586-6 July 2 8] 0} 126-42 || 1) 572-6 2 862
16 | 588-0 17 1011 6 | 130-12 8 | 560-7 1Ouee 874
(589-5) 12 | 128-43 || 14 | 547-9 | 16 | 869
18 | 130-32 || 19 | 588-0 || 20] 1012 18 | 129-30 || 20 | 545-6 | 22) 866
21 | 588-2 24 | 129-37 || 26 | 541-9 || 28; 858
22 | 587-1 || 23 | 1006 | 30 | 129-85 || 32 | 538-4 || 34 863
| 24 | 129-17 || 25; 582-6 | 26 996 | 36 | 127-70 || 38 | 537-4 | 40! 860
27 | 570-2 42 | 124-82 || 44 | 534.2 || 46 844
28 | 568-5 29 1002 48 | 125-22 || 50 | 526-7 52 815
(572-4) 54 | 128-90 || 56 | 504-9 | 58 | 751
30 | 130-72 || 31 | 604-7 || 32] 1047 | July 2 9] O| 125-82) 1] 480-2 2! 704
33 | 602-0 | 3} 125-08 | 4 | 473-0 5 689
34 | 597-3 || 35 | 1044 6 | 122-93 | 7 | 473-0 8 684
| 36 | 128-30 || 37 | 594.4 || 38} 1031 9 | 120-58 || 10 | 482-6 || 11, 684
39 | 594.3 12 | 116-77 || 13 | 468-9 || 14 663
40 | 592.0 41 1020 15 | 116-83 || 16 | 483-4 17 653
42 | 127-97 || 43 | 584-2 || 44] 1002 (486-0)
45 | 586-6 18 | 117-70 || 19 | 492-2 | 20 665
46 | 585-3 || 47 987 21 | 116-70 || 22 | 501-1 || 23 671
(587-6) 24 | 116-35 || 25 | 489-1 | 26 668
48 | 123-20 || 49 | 593-6 || 50 983 | (484-1)
51 | 117-10 || 52} 602-3 || 53 959 27 | 114-22 || 28 | 4760 | 29 637
54 | 118-43 | 55 | 576-9 || 56 945 30 | 112-87 || 31 | 474.8 | 32 605
(572-9) (473-2)
57 | 115-48 || 58 | 571-6 59 945 33 | 114-35 || 34 | 466-3 || 35 581
July 2 7] 0} 108-05 | 1) 592.4 2 925 36 | 113-73 || 37 | 476-0 | 38 569
(595-8) 39 | 113-20 | 40 | 466-0 || 41 558
3 | 110-38 || 4] 601-7 5 916 42 | 109-98 || 43 | 461-9 | 44 538
| 6 | 114-35 || 7 | 602-7 8 922 (460-4) |
(603.7) 45 | 108-16 | 46 | 447-1 | 47 510
9 | 115-55 || 10 | 597-4 | 11 927 48 | 109-18 || 49 | 434-5 | 50 479
(596-0) ; 51 52 | 419-4 | 53 458
| 12 | 113-80 | 13 | 588-6 |) 14 932 54 | 110-65 || 55 | 406-3 || 56 431
15 | 112-00 || 16 | 586-5 | 17 930 57 58 | 398-8 | 59 406
| 18 | 109-12 || 19 | 604-2 | 20 g23 | July 210] o 1 | 387-4 2 367
(607-0) 5 4} 104-90 || 4) 392.9 5 345
| 21 | 111-05 || 22 | 613-7 | 23 912 6 | 106-70 || 7 | 386-5
| 24 | 115-62 | 25 | 604-4 || 26; 906 8 | 108-43 8 332
(602.4) | 10 | 110-92 || 10] 376-7 | 11 | 304
| 27 | 119-18 || 28 | 592-8 || 29] 908 12 | 117-03 || 12 |Outoffield,
| 30 | 120-72 || 31 | 594-8 | 32] 908 14 | 126-42 14 236
| (593-8)
33 | 122.27 || 34 | 585-1 || 35 904 32 | 130-32 |
| 36 | 121-18 || 37 | 584-1 | 38 901 34 | 137-37
| 39 | 122.93 || 40 | 579-5 || 41 | 896 36 | 139-38
| (577-2) 38 | 141-05 39 | 214
| 42 | 122.20 | 43 | 569.2 || 44 890 40 | 138-72
(568-1) 42 | 134-95
1 45 | 123-07 | 46 | 567-0 | 47 885 44 | 130-18 || 44 | 323-3 || 45 299
48 | 125-55 || 49 | 561-3 || 50 889 46 | 126-48 || 47 | 358-4

Rifilar Thermometer. July 24 74, 61°-6; 9%, 60:6.
Balance Thermometer. July 2¢ 74, 61°-2; 94, 607.
Ares of Vibration. Declination Magnet. July 24 10% 32m, 15’; 10% 34™, 7’; 10" 36™, 19’; 104 38m, 17’; 108 40™, 10’; 10% 42m, 26’,
July 24105 10™. Bifilar Scale going out of field, reading estimated.
July 221016™, ‘Torsion circle of Bifilar turned from 109° 10’ to 111° 35’. Various attempts were made to bring the scale into the
field of the reading telescope, while the mirror for illuminating the collimator had been thrown out of position; this was not discovered till
about 38™. The Balance crosses had also gone out of sight till the wooden front of the box was removed. In the adjustment of these two
instruments the Declination readings were lost for some time. After 13 the torsion circle was turned to its original position 109° 10’.
The observations of the Bifilar Magnetometer from 10% 38™ till 13 are reduced to the torsion circle reading 109° 10’. See Introduction.
See note, page 51, on the observations in brackets.

EXTRA: OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JULY 2, 3. 1842. 55
DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION. BIFILaR. BALANCE.
ee Min Reading Min. Reading Min. Reading ee Min Reading Min. | Reading Min. Reading
of Reduced. of Cor- of Cor- of Reduced. of — Cor- of Cor-
Obs. Obs.| rected. Obs.| rected. Obs. Obs.| rected. Obs.| rected.
ah m. ¢ m. Se. Div. m. | Mic. Div. id he m. fj m. Se. Div. m. Mie. Div.
July 2 10 | 48 | 123-27 48; 346 | July 2 12 || 30; 110-85 | 30 498
50 | 122-33 | 50 | 374-4 || 51 354 | 32 | 113-60 | 32 517-2 | 33 479
52 | 118-97 | 53 | 424-5 | 34 | 117-57 | 35 | 506-5
54 | 116-77 | 54 327 36 | 120-32 | 36 | 482
| 56 | 115-88 || 56 | 419-4 || 57 310 38 | 119-38 | 38 | 494.2 || 39 509
58 | 116-70 | 59 | 423-9 40 | 117-57 || 41 | 500-0
July 211] 0] 116-77 0 287 42 | 119-03 42 500
2] 119-12 | 2] 423-4 3 267 44 | 121-12 | 44 | 500-9 || 45 489
4 | 123-33 ] 5 | 422.6 46 | 124.48. 47 | 478.8
6 | 128-17 6 244 48 | 121-38 48 520
8 | 130-05 || 8 | 413-5 9 265 50 | 114-55 | 50 | 487-1 || 51 529
10 | 129-85 || 11 | 417-2 52 | 114-00 | 53 | 491-4
| 12 | 128.23 12 274 54 | 110-78 54 516
| 14 | 128-77 || 14 | 432.4 || 15 294 56 | 109-65 | 56 | 495-8 || 57 497
| 16 | 127-57 || 17 | 458-8 58 | 110-78 | 59 | 503-4
18 | 127-50 18 307 | July 2131) 0| 109-85 0 488
: | 20 | 129-23 || 20 | 463-6 || 21 313 2! 109-92
| 22 | 129.23 || 23 | 458.2
24 | 130-72 24 321 | July 3 19 58 523
: 26 | 132-53 || 26 | 405-8 | 27 303 | July 3 20] 1 132-20 || 2] 443-6
, 28 | 128-70 || 29 | 390.7 6 | 136-82 || 7 | 443-4 8 551
30 | 126-22 30 | 292 (441-7)
4 32 | 121-58 || 32 | 390-9 || 33 315 9 | 140-98 | 10 | 439-6 }} 11 564
34 | 118-70 || 35 | 406-8 12 | 133-27 || 13 | 435-9 || 14 560
36 | 122.60 36 301 (434-7)
38 | 131-32 +] 38 | 410-2 | 39 220 15 | 136-42 || 16 | 435-0 || 17 558
40 | 138-43 | 41 | 392-1 (434-0)
42 | 139-58 42 156 18 | 136-15 | 19 | 430-3 || 20 560
44 | 142.92 || 44 | 355-2 || 45 109 428-9
46 | (147-83 || 47 | 288.7 21 | 136-95 || 22 | 422-9 || 93 538
48 | 150.28 48 74 24 | 139-58 || 25 | 422-9 || 26 533
50 | 139-98 | 50 | 293-3 |) 51 177 (426-0)
| ‘| 52 | 113-33 |] 53 | 396-5 27 | 135-62 | 28) 430-6 || 29 524
| 54 | 108-23 54 119 (432-8)
| 56 | 118-43 || 56 | 442.2 || 57 128 30 | 137-15 | 31 | 417-8 |] 32 521
| 58 | 116-77 || 59 | 486-3 (416-8)
[July 212] 0} 115-82 0 165 33 | 138-03 || 34 | 420-3 || 35 532
2| 126-82 | 2] 513-6 3 194 < || 36! 141-60 | 37 | 430-8 | 38 548
4} 134-75 | 5 | 502-5 : (428-1)
; 6 | 140-12 6 264 39 | 139-32 || 40 | 422-7 || 41 565
; 8 | 133-13 || 8 | 481-0 9 369 | (420-4)
| 10 | 124-48 | 11 | 486.2 42 | 136-48 | 43 | 414-3 || 44 561
12 | 118-83 12 386 (415-5)
; 14) 120-52 || 14 | 482-2 | 15 392 45 | 138-10 || 46 | 424-5 || 47 551
16 | 116-77 | 17 | 515-7 (425-5)
\ 18 | 113-80 18 426 48 | 136-75 | 49 | 424-1 | 50 538
| 20 | 108-78 | 20 | 530-3 | 21| 472 (425-9)
| | 22 | 106-63 || 23 | 553-9 51 | 134-60 | 52} 416-0 || 53 541
| 24 | 110-52 4 463 (413-5)
| 26 | 115-62 | 26 | 537-9 | 27 488 54 | 136-48 || 55 | 417.2 || 56 552
| 28 | 112-53 | 29 | 527-1 (410-6)

|

Balance Thermometer.
Ares of Vibration.

1 Declination Magnet.
4 20" 54™, 13’. Bifilar Magnet. July 24 11» 23m, 10div; 1

734 20h 25m, 17aiv ; 20h 2m, Q2div ; BOh Z1m, 1Odiv; 2Oh 4m, 15dir; QOn 4gm, O4aiv

|

|

Tuly 24 12h 93m,

See note, page 51, on the observations in brackets.

|

f
r

||

Reading of Uifilar estimated, Scale going out of field.

q July 34 204 Om, The following are the readings of the Declination 18* before and 185 after the minute,
haying been lost, 19 59™ 42s, 1168; 20% Om 18s, 1276.

Bifilar Thermometer. July 2411», 60°1; 12%, 59°7 ; 18h, 59°2; 34 20h, 564,
July 24 114, 637-3; 12h, 62°2; 13h, 61%1;
July 24 10% 48m, 7/

34 20h, 567-4,
; 10% 50™, 8%; 11» 50™, 10’; 114 52m, 9’; 34 20 12m, 8’; 20h 48m, 9’:
1h 41m (21div down); 11% 43m (424iv up); 114 59m, 10div; 12h 11m, 1Qaiv.

20h 52m, 1Gdiv ; 20h 55m, 354ir (noted).

the reading at the minute

56 EXxTraA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JULY 3, 4. 1842.

DECLINATION. BIFILAR, BALANCE. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE.
Gottingen 4 . 5 : F Gottingen ks fs F : ss
Mean Time. pe Reading “ Reading ms Sens Mean ime. ae: Reading 3 i aes ae Ms oe

Obs. Reduced. Obs.| rected. Obs.| rected. Obs. Reduced. Obs.| rected. ||Obs.| rected.

doh m 1 | m. Se. Div. || m. Mie. Div. i ithe m. 4 m. Se. Div. m. Mic. Div.
July 3 20 || 57 133-67 || 58 | 442-5 || 59 538 July 3 22 |) 36 140-38 || 37 | 496-5 38 720
| | 422-4 39 139-32 || 40 | 503-8 41 716
July 3/21 |) 0 134-20 1 {307-4 2 532 42 138-30 || 43 | 511-7 44 716
387-2 45 137-43 || 46 | 505-0 47 716
469-2 48 136-02 || 49 | 497-8 50 724
3 148-19 4 | 356-0 5 603 (136-35) (501-9)
6 144-09 7 | 397-6 8 582 ; 51 135-42 || 52 | 502-1 53 722
(401-8) (137-70) (505-2)
9 130-45 | 10 | 397-6 11 573 54 135-28 || 55 | 502-8 56 730
(404-5) | (499-4)
12 136-55 || 13 | 389-9 14 611 57 135-55 || 58 | 498-8 58 742
(383-9) 59 | 757
15 140-78 || 16 | 388-5 17 613 July 3 23 0 133-27 1 494-2
18 149-71 19 | 402-7 20 604 2! 501-6 2 757
(404-5) 3 131-05 4 | 494.7 5 771
21 155-70 || 22 | 423-7 23 592 6 130-85 7 | 490-3 8 767
(427-8) (489-2)
| 24 146-84 || 25 | 446-8 26 590 9 131-45 || 10 | 484.2 11 779

27 150-58 | 28 | 457-0 29 592 (482-4)

(149-63) (460-2) 12 133-87 || 13 | 477-7 14 785

30 150-58 | 31 | 452-6 32 617 15 135-95 || 16 | 482-1 17 793

33 146-77 |, 34 | 483-7 35 638 18 136-62 || 19 | 503-5 20 777

(485-3) 21 135-88 || 22 | 473-0 23 806

36 142-47 || 37 | 494-4 38 644 24 137-97 || 25 | 460-2 26 806

(481-6) (468-2)
39 143-27 || 40 | 526-8 41 634 27 135-22 || 28 | 467-6 29 809
42 139-32 || 43 | 505-0 44 642 30 137-83 || 31 480-6 32 799
(503-8) | 33 | 137-23 | 34] 5020 | 35] 791

45 140-38 | 46 | 514-1 47 661 (505-0)

48 140-52 | 49 | 521-4 50 669 36 136-02 || 37 | 508-0 38 789

51 138-17 || 52 | 503-0 53 685 39 136-35 40 506-2 41 779

(130-58) (496-9) (503 4)
54 129-58 || 55 | 492-0 56 679 42 137-97 || 43 501:8 44 767
57 134-40 | 58 | 502-3 59 684 45 138-23 || 46 | 497-3 47 780
(503-5) 48 136-62 || 49 | 487-3 50 789
July 3 22 0 135-42 1 503-4 2 683 51 139-78 || 52 | 491-5 53 791
(505-5) 54 138-58 || 55 | 497-0 56 803
3 136-42 4 | 506-8 5 684 57 137-15 || 58 | 492-9 59 818
(510 2) (495 2)
6 139-85 7 505-2 § 682 July 4 0 0 137-23 il 499-0 2 822
(506 4 3 135-28 4} 499-5 5 822
9 140-78 || 10 | 511-9 11 689 | (501 5)
(510-4) 6 137-23 7 500-2 8 821

12 141-67 || 13 508-0 14 693 (502 1)

(512-2) 9 136-42 || 10 | 504-7 11 817

15 142-00 | 16 | 498-5 17 692 12 135-48 || 13 508-3 14 815

(497-0) 15 136-42 || 16 | 508-9 17 822

18 138-52 || 19 | 486-3 20 702 18 134-68 || 19 | 503-6 20 828

21 140-65 | 22 | 502-5 23 710 Dit 135-48 || 22 | 502-4 23 834
| 24 142-54 | 25 | 502.9 26 710 24 135-68 || 26 | 500-3 28 836

(504-5) 30 135-68 || 32 | 501-3 34 829
| 27 142-87 | 28 | 501-6 29 716 36 134-68 || 38 | 514-2 40 837

(497-9) 42 132-93 || 43 520-1 44 847
| 30 141-87 | 31 496-5 32 721 45 132-27 || 46 | 517-8 47 854
| 33 | 142-47 | 34 | 489-2 35 716 || 48 132-67 || 49 | 516-1 50 | 858
} (488-2) | 52 133-40 || 54 | 516-8 56 863

July 34 215 1™, ‘The four observations in brackets are the readings at 0™ 35%, 1™ (is, 1™ 258, and 1™ 508. Between 1™ 258 and 1™ 505)
the magnet went up 1104iv, 214 4m, Reading of Bifilar estimated, Scale going out of field.

Bifilar Thermometer. July 34 21%, 5674; 22h, 57°-0; 23h, 58°2; 44 Ob, 5878.

Balance Thermometer. July 34 21», 565; 22%,57°-0; 23, 57°9; 44 Oh, 5874.

Ares of Vibration. Declination Magnet. July 3¢ 20% 57m,7’; 21> 8m, 67’ (noted); 21 6m, 44’; 21 9m, 99’, 21h 12m, 15’; 21h 39m, 9’; 21h 49m, 77,
Bifilar Magnet. July 34 20% 58m, ]5div; 21h 7m, 1Qdiv; QIh ]Qm, 30div 5 21h 13m, QOdiv; 21h 19m, ]Odiv; Q1h 29m, [Odiv; 21 3lm,
4041" (noted) ; 21% 37™, 404iv (noted) ; 21 55m, 11div; 22h ]m, ]]div; Ooh 19™, ]4div; 20h 37m, ]4div; 20h 59m, 1Bdiv; Q3h 22m, 1 Qdiv;
23h 25m, 52div ; 23h B8m, 16div; 23h 43m, ]Odiv ; 23h 58m, QOdiv (noted).

See note, page 51, on the observations in brackets.

EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JULY 4, 9. 1842. 57

DECLINATION. Biriuar. BALance. DECLINATION, BIFILanr. BALANCE.

Gottingen

4 Gottingen
Mean Time. *| Reading

Reading in.| Reading | jfoan Time. || Min-

Reading Min.| Reading in.| Reading

Cor- Cor- of Cor- Cor-
Radial rected. -| rected. Obs. Beduced: rected. . | rected,

Se. Div. Se. Div. 5 Mice. Div.

July 131-85 131-98 577°8
July 132-33 : 131-05 576-3
131-25 : 125-75 602-5
j 128-50 616-0
133-40 612-6
128-30 618-7
131-12 9: 130-92 611-1
134-07 - 132-87 || : 619-5
130-25 ; 135-22 || 613-5
127-70 : 137-70 609-0
(134-53) ; 131-25 629-2
135-22 : 126-75 627-4
129-43 572-7
132-40 : 136-08 533-7
132-73 542.6
135-28 : 132-47 542-9
136-68 : 134.20 548-4
135-95 : 135-08 550-2
123-40 ; 137-08 || 2 552.8
128-30 : 137-23 555-1
135-62 557-6
132.47. || ¢ 560-5
127-50 128-57 568-0

: 127-17 569-0
123-87 : 127-50 566-2
127-50 | 49 | 565-9
123-87 j. 128-50 571.0
122-93 : 129-72 562.7
123-47 5 3 127-23 557-7
124-00 : 128-03 555-5
122-20 ; | 127-30 552-2
123-27 : 125.42 549.3
123-60 4 5 122.27 551-3
122.93 : 122.73 558-7
123-80 127.43 562-2
123-20 : 130-38 | ¢ 550-4
131-52 544.5
119-58 4 132-73 530-7
119-18 : : 131-45 534-6
123-73 ; 131-65 533-8
131-25 525.9
126-90 3 : 130-52 530-3
123-87 : 130-32 531-0
121-05 4 35 130-92 531-7
130-25 : ; 131-52 3 | 528-1
128-83 : 131-65 529-9
130-92 ‘ j 131-65 530-8
126-42
126-82 < 136-15 530-6
128-97 |
128-57 : 133-13 524.8
132-05
131-12
131-85 : 134-33 565-6
128-03 502.
134-20 : 30 | 132-27 || 32 | 543-7
133-53 : 36 | 132-93 || 38 | 548-2

July 44 2h 18m, The reading in brackets made at 18™ 505, 17™ 35s till 19™ 15s, the Bifilar magnet went down 484i.
Bifilar Thermometer. July 44 14, 59°6; 24,60°5; 3h, G1°2; 5b, 624; 6h, 62°8; 7b, 62°9; 94 5h, 65° 1.

Balance Thermometer. July 441, 59°-2; 2h, 59°-9; 3h, 60°5; 54, 61-7; 6b, 622; 7b, 624; 94 5h, 637,

Ares of Vibration. Bifilar Magnet. July 44 1» 58™, 10div; 2h 7m, ]Qaiv > Qn gm, 4Qdiv ; Bb 31m, 1gdiv,

See note, page 51, on the observations in brackets.

MAG. OBS. VOL. I. =

58 ExtTrA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JULY 22—SEPTEMBER 2. 1842.

DECLINATION, BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION. Birivar. BALANCE,
yotting re . = r Gottingen : Yi 5 a c
aan Time. |™2-| steading |Mig-| Beading |330-| Resting | afean Mime, [P82] mening |Mio-| Reading | Mip-| Megiing
Obs. Reduced. Obs.| rected. | Obs.| rected. Obs. Reduced, Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected.
a ad. h. m. u m. Se, Div. m. Mic. Div. d. h. || m. < m. Se. Div. m. Mic. Diy.
July 22 19 58 779 | Aug. 19 5 |) 18 | 124-55 || 19 | 557-3
July 22 20 || 0 | 131-75 || 2] 521-0 20 | 558-0 || 21 | 1080
6 | 131-98 | 8] 520-7 || 10 778 22 | 1074
12 | 130-85 || 14 | 523-0 || 16 779 24 | 123-73 || 26) 565-9 || 27 | 1044
18 | 130-18 28 | 1037
28 | 129-17 30 | 126-62 || 31 | 576-8
32 | 578-2 || 33 | 1011
July 29 5 || 0} 134-07 | 2] 547-7 34 | 1007
4| 561-4 35 | 129-37
5 | 564-1 36 | 130-05 || 38 | 578-6 || 39 986
6 | 563-4 40 984
42 | 132-47 || 44 | 575-9 || 46 975
July 31 19 58 714 48 | 134-88 || 50 | 572-9 || 52 973
July 31 20} O| 124.27 |) 2] 519-1 58 980
3 | 524.2 Aug.19 6]| 0| 134-53 | 2] 564-7
| 4] 527-3 8 | 575-0
10 | 122-00 || 12} 520-3 | 14 775 18 | 129-43 || 20] 555-8 || 22 904
18 | 122-13 || 20 | 522-5 24 | 127-43 || 26 | 543-6 || 28 | 1000
= 30 | 124.82
Aug. 4 22 58 767 44 | 559-2 || 46 964
Aug. 4 23} 0] 138-92 | 2] 517-3 48 | 125-35 52 944
6 | 138-17 | 8] 520-2 | 10 754 58 932
12 | 134-33 || 14 | 523-0 | 16 753 | Aug.19 7] 0O| 127-50 || 2] 563-1
22 925
Aug. 5 19 58 715 24 | 126-02 || 26 | 550-0
Aug. 5 20] 0} 131-78 || 2] 506-9 58 864
12 | 127-03 || 14 | 512-9 || 16 726 | Aug.19 8 || 0] 127-50 || 2] 537-6
|| 28 732
30 | 125-08 || 32 | 520-4 Aug. 24 4 | 58 846
| 58 751 | Aug. 24 5] 0| 131-80) 2] 538.5
Aug. 5 21 | 0| 124-55 | 2| 521-7 | 12 | 125-62 || 14 | 547-8 || 16 873
Aug. 5 22 58 792 18 | 124-48 || 20 | 543-3 || 22 874
Aug. 5 23 || 0] 125-82] 2] 494.9 58 860
| 30 | 129-78 | 32 | 507-7 | 34 803 | Aug. 24 6] 0O| 127-17 || 2] 548-3
Aug. 6 0] 30 | 131-65 | 32 | 523-6 || 34 799
Aug. 6 1 | 58 794 |Sept. 2 1 58 767
Aug. 6 2] 0| 134.82] 2) 529.2 | Sept. 2 2] 0| 132-40] 2] 538-8
Aug. 6 4/| | | 58 881 |Sept. 2 3 22| 886
Aug. 6 5] O| 124.07] 2] 531-6 | 24 | 131-92 | 26 | 527-2 || 28 893
| 20 | 565.2 || 22 858 30 | 130-32 | 32 | 529-2 || 34 905
24 | 122-40 | 26 | 573-3 || 28 854 36 | 128-37 | 38 | 536-7 || 40 902
30 | 121-65 || 32 | 573-4 | 42 | 127-23 | 44 | 538-7 || 46 896
42 | 124-35 || 44 | 557-1 |} Sept. 2 4 32 | 544.2 || 34 896
| 45 | 553-5 || 46 868 36 | 130-32
Aug. 6 6 | | | 58 802 58 849
Aug. 6 7 | 0} 29-43 | 2] 550-5 Sept. 2 5] 0} 130-95 | 2] 542-5
; Sept. 2 6 2 839
Aug. 16 19 | 58 758 |Sept. 2 8 || 6 | 105-68
Aug. 16 20 | 0} 120-15 | 2] 539.2 12] 102-33 16 831
| 36 | 126-75 || 32} 504.3 || 34 700 18 | 96-49 || 20 | 534-9 |] 22 820
: 24| 94-28 || 96 | 548-2 || 28 799
Aug. 19 4 | | 58 | 1124 30 | 100-79 | 32 | 553-3 || 34 790
Aug. 19 5 | 0] 125-05 | 2] 595.2 36 | 108-72 | 38 | 540-9 || 40 787
| 6} 127-03 | 9 | 585-9 || 10] 1117 42 | 110-32 || 44] 544-1 || 46 781
} 12 | 126-08 | 13 | 567-2 |} 48 | 114-00 | 50 | 5422 |) 52 776
| 14 | 564-6 | 15 | 1104 54 | 115-45 || 56 | 544-2 | 58 771
| 16} 1100 | Sept. 2 9] O| 117-70 |) 2] 536-1
17 | 124.27 | |

Bifilar Thermometer. July 224 20, 52°9 ; 294 5h, 61°-5; 314 204, 60°°9; Aug. 44 93h, 64-7; 54 20h, 569; 54 Q1h, 572; 54 Bh,
58°8; 64 04, 606; 64 24, 62°6; 645%, 65°6; 64 74, 67°-0; 164 20%, 61-3; 194 5h, 72-9; 194 Gu, 72-0; 194 74, 71°0; 194 8h, 69°9;
244 5, 635; 244 Gh. 63-4; Sept. 24 2%, 657 ; 24 5h, 6672; 24 Qh, G56,

Balance Thermometer. July 224 20%, 53°-1; 314 204, 61°-3 ; Aug. 44 234, 63°8; 54 20b, 57°-3: 54 Q1h, 575; 54 23h, 58"6; 64 Ob,
60°-0 ; 64 2h, 616; 64 5%, 641; 64 7h, 641; 164 20h, 61°2; 194 54, 716; 194 Gb, 71°G; 194 7h, 70%8; 194 Sb, 69S; 244 5h, 63°5;
244 6b, 63°5; Sept. 24 28, 65°2; 24 5h, G5%7 ; 24 Oh, G54,

i

EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, SEPTEMBER 5—NOVEMBER 10. 1842. 59

i DECLINATION. BIFILAR, BALANCE. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE.
ottingen 4 a 2 ‘ Fi Gottingen 3 4 a { f
atean Time. |3%2| Roading | *ia-] Reading | Min.| Reading | een time, MM! peaaing | Mit-| Reading | fin. Reading
Obs. eabiwai Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected. Obs. Reduced. Obs.| rected. ||Obs. rected.
dad oh m. G m. Se. Div. || m. Mic. Div. id) An: m. “4 | m. Se. Div. || m. Mic. Div.
Sept. 5 4 | 58 803 Oct. 17 6 || 36 | 121-73 || 38 | 542-4 | 40 780
Sept. 5 5 0} 129-25 2) 553-4 | 44 | 548-1 46 773
Sept. 5 6 || 48 | 115-88 || 50 | 553-9 | 52 865 Oct. 17 19 | 58 758
j 54 | 115-35 || 56 | 558-9 58 862 Oct. 17 20 0 | 126-46 2 | 529-3
Sept. 5 7 || 12 | 121-65 || 14 | 550-4 16 848 40 | 124-48 || 36 | 531-8 35 760
| Oct. 17 22 58 762
|| Sept.20 4 58 791 Oct. 17 23 0} 126-45 2 | 523-7
| Sept. 20 5 0} 135-52 2} 545-5 Oct. 18 0 2} 129-43 1 | 537-9 0 773
Sept. 20 7 || 36 | 109-45 | 38 | 584.3 40 758 Oct. 18 1 4] 131-38 2} 550-1 1 758
42 | 114-48 | 43 | 579.8 58 747
48 | 114-07 | 50 | 568-3 52 759 Oct. 18 2 0} 130-92 | 2] 548-7
Sept. 20 19 28 774 Oct. 18 3 4 | 132-87 || 2] 552-8 1 748
30 | 134-88 || 32 | 509-9 Oct. 18 4 58 767
58 757 Oct. 18 5 0 | 126-30 2) 542-2
Sept. 20 20 0} 135-42 2] 525-5
58 760 | Nov. 3 4 | 58 758
Sept. 20 21 0 | 128-77 2) 529-6 Nov. 3 5 0} 133-53 2 | 544-0
58 779 | Nov. 3 7 56 882
| Sept. 20 22 0} 131-38 2] 529-8 58 873
58 777 Nov. 3 8 0 | 117-57 2) 527-2
Sept. 20 23 0 | 136-28 2{ 521-9 12 | 121-05 || 10 | 532-2 14 855
58 773 7
Sept. 21 0] 0} 136-48 | 2] 545-0 Nev, 50° | 58 756
58 766 | Nov. 5 2 0 | 131-27 2) 542-7
Sept. 21 1 0 | 135-42) 2] 542.2 ' Nov. 5 3 || 30] 130-07
58 769 Noy. 5 4 0 | 128-87 2] 544-5 4 758
Sept. 21 2 0 | 137-30 2| 539-0 30 |} 128-17 | 32 | 545-0 34 753
58 776 58 761
Sept. 21 3 0 | 134-95 2| 542-6 Nov. 5 5 0 | 127-65 2| 544-2
| 58 791 42 | 127-70 || 44 | 545-2 46 755
‘Sept.21 4 0 | 132-73 2| 544-3 Nov. 5 6 0 | 126-87 2} 550-0 | 4 743
: | 58 808 30 | 127-18 || 32 | 547-9 34 733
‘Sept. 21 5 | 0| 130-72 || 2] 544.3
58 789 | Nov. 9 19 58 704
Sept. 21 6 0 | 129.92 2| 546-4 Noy. 9 20 0} 126-02 2) 543-8
58 789 | Nov. 9 21 3 | 123-80 0 | 536-5 0 747
Sept. 21 7 0 | 128-70 2) 545-8 Nov. 9 22 58 745
58 771 Nov. 9 23 0 | 134-95 2) 521-1
| Sept. 21 8 0 | 125-28 2| 557-6 33 | 515-6 32 758
Sr Nov. 10 0 1 | 525-1 0 773
Oct. 17 4 || 58 764 | Nov. 10 1 || 30! 140-32 | 21 | 526-3 20 774
Oct. 17 5 0 | 116-43 2 | 547-0 58 776
12 | 108-03 | 13 | 534-1 | 14 808 Nov. 10 2 0} 138-37 2 | 548-4
\ 15 | 107-15 | 16 | 536-4 | 17 811 Nov. 10 3 3 | 133-07 2] 539-2 0 786
18 | 116-01 || 20 | 544-7 22 808 49 | 125-42 || 48 | 512-6 46 851
24 | 105-08 | 26 | 556-7 | 28 809 Nov. 10 4 || 25 | 117-83 || 26 | 536-5 28 828
30 | 107-70 | 32 | 551-1 | 34 811 30 | 119-65
\ 36 | 109-58 | 38 | 544-1 40 814 | Nov. 10 4 || 48 | 126-90 || 50 | 538-0 52 809
48 | 110-98 | 50 | 540-1 52 813 58 801
58 | 812 | Nov. 10 5] 0| 126.97] 2] 544.0
|, 0 t. 17 6 0} 115-22 2! 528-9 58 805
4 12} 121-05 | 14 | 533-6 16 807 Nov. 10 6 0 | 129-43 2 | 533-5
i 30 | 126-35 | 32 | 534-3 34 796 Nov. 10 19 58 718

)
ow Bifilar Thermometer. Sept. 54 5%, 59°-8 ; 54 7h. 60°-5; 204 5h, 62°-4; 204 7h, 630; 204 20h, 504; 204 23h, 59°83; 214 Oh, 586 ;
|) 212 5b, 61°-4; 214 7», 60-0; 214 10h, 57° 8: Oct. 174 5%, 51°-0; 172 6, 50"8 ; 174 20%, 46°°5; 174 28h, 46°-0 ; 184 0, 49°3; 184 1,
55°1 ; 184 2h, 57°-4; 184 3h, 59-2; 184 5h, 87° "5; Nov. 34 5h, 57°-7; 34 8h, 56°-2 ; 54 2b, 64°5 ; 54 5h, 55°-3 : 5a 6h 30™, 559; 94 204,
{ 48°-4 Boe 210) 48°4 ; 94 23h, 48°-5; 104 On, 512; 104 1» 30™, 541; 104 2h, BAA ; 16¢ 3h, 5A°-7 ; 104 5h, 555; 104 6b, 54°-5.
Balance Thermometer. "Sept. 5a 5h, 58°-9 ; 5a 74, 59°-0 ; 204 5h, 60°-4; 202 7h, "60-0; 204 208, 50°-8; 204 23%, 52°-6 ; 214 2h, 58*1;
Yi} 214 5h, 60%4; 214 7, 60°8; 214 10h, ’BT°-9 ; Oct. 174 5», "50°-6 ; 174 6h, 50°5; 174 20%, 46°°9 ; 7a 23h, 467-4; 184 Ob, 49°6; 184 LD,
4) 56°-2 ; 184 2h, 57°-9; 184 3h, 59°-6; 18a 5h, 57°-6; Nov. 34 54, 57° ; 34 8h, 57-6 ; 54 Qh, 55°8 ; 54 5h, 56°8 ; 5a Gh 30™, 61°-0 ; 94 20h,
jj 50°1; 94 214, 50°8; 94 23h, 503; 104 Ob, 534; 102 1» 30™, 55-4 ; 104 2h, 55°4; 104 3h, 55°-7 5 0a 3h ‘50m, 57°6; 104 Bh, 56°°7 ;
OW) 10a 6, 56-7.
)

60 EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, NOVEMBER 10—DEcCEMBER 17. 1842.

| DECLINATION. BiriLar. BALANCE. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. } BALANce,
Gottingen | ¥ ; ‘ ‘ ae Gottingen z 5 Bem Se .
aean Tine. | "| reading [PGP] Mees |AGP | Mgane® | afean time, | Ge"| Menaing || ames | Nop] Meding
| Obs. Reduced. Obs.} rected. Obs.| rected. Obs. Reduced. Obs.| rected. Obs.| rected.
a. hh m. ¢ m. Se. Div. m. Mic. Div. d. hb. m. Z m. Se. Diy. m. Mic..Div.

Nov. 10 20 0 | 132-64 2) 521-9 Dee. 9 4 58. 755

30 | 131-92 || 32 | 535-7 34 719 Dee. 9 5 0 125-45 2 539-4

Nov. 10 22 58 755 18 125-75 || 20 | 531-4 22 765
Nov. 10 23 0 | 126-70 1 2 | 530-3 24 125-02 || 26 | 538-0 28 768
Nov. 11 1 } | 32 | 532-5 33 752 30 125-02 || 32 | 538-0 34 783
| | 58 750 36 122-53 || 38 539-6 40 800

Nov. 11 2) 0} 130-50 | 2 | 539-9 42 118-23 || 44 550-8 46 813
| | 58 754 48 112.53 || 50 | 553-0 52 796

Nov. 11 3 0 128-37 2 | 540-7 54 109-58 || 56 | 544-3 58 775

41 | 541-2 40 766 | Dec. 9 6 0 | 112-13 2 | 542-6 4 768
6 | 116-08 8 | 544-1 10 765

Nov. 19 3 || 30| 127-57 | 32| 545-0 || 34] 719 12 | 120-65 | 14] 541-3 | 16| 769
Nov. 19 4 || 0| 127-35) 2| 5466 | 4| 715 18 | 125-88 | 20 | 536-5 | 22] 789
| 30 | 126-82 | 32| 5460 | 34| 719 24 | 120-45 | 26 | 544-9 | 28] 781
Nov. 19 6 | 0| 127-00 || 2] 5503 | 4| 713 30 | 127-37 | 32 | 535-7 | 34 | 785-
| 42 | 125-85 || 44| 551-8 || 46 | 707 36 | 129-52 | 38 | 529-7 | 40| 802
Nov.19 7 | 0| 126-02] 2| 550-9 | 4] 704 42 | 128-43 | 44] 533.2 | 46] 819
24 | 125-88 | 26 | 549-7 | 28 | 704 48 | 125-15 | 50 | 541.2 | 52| 841
54 | 125-33 | 56| 550-6 || 58 | 704 54 | 122-60 | 56 | 537-6 | 58| 868
Dec. 9 7 || 0| 119-58 | 2] 5336 | 4] 890
Nov. 21 19 | 58| 647 6| 110-12 | 8 | 530-9 | 10] 63
Nov. 21 20 | 0| 127-94 || 2] 500-2 12 | 112-13 | 14] 534-7 | 16| sal
| 18 | 137-50 || 14 | 5025 || 16] 669 18 | 113-47 | 20 | 525.8 | 92] 837
30 | 139-58 || 32 | 507-3 || 34] 693 24| 113-27 | 26 | 533-5 | 28] 820
| 48 | 140-98 | 44] 516-9 | 46] 694 30 | 116-08 | 32 | 525-1 | 34] 818
Nov. 21 21 | 4] 137-43 | 2] 521-2 | o| 721 36 | 115-28 | 38 | 527-2 | 40] 9831
18 | 135-33 || 16 | 527-8 | 20| 740 42| 112-13 | 44 | 542.2 | 46] 31
Nov. 22 1 58 | 807 48 | 121-05 | 50 | 527-6 | 52| 843
Nov. 22 2] 0| 130-72 || 2| 528-7 54 | 118-10 | 56| 520-6 | 58| 847
54 | 126-08 | 56) 543-9 | 58] 871 | Dec. 9 8] 0} 113-47 | 2] 5308 | 4| 9834
Nov. 22 3] 0| 129-72 || 2] 545-1 | 4] 872 6 | 121.05 | 8 | 527-5 | 10| 835
6 | 130-32 || 8 | 545-6 24 | 136.22 | 26 | 510.4 | 28| 9876
42| 129.98 || 44 | 541.2 | 40| 862 30 | 127-30 | 32 | 530.4 | 34| 896
Nov. 22 4 58 | 829 36 | 113-60 | 38 | 527-4 | 40| 9846
Nov. 22 5 || 0| 127-63 | 2| 539-6 42 | 118-10 | 44| 5364 | 46] 819
Dee. 5 19 | |58| 711 | Dec. 17 1 58 | 711

Dec. 5 20 || 0| 129-55]| 2] 534-5 || Dec. 17 2] 0| 126-55 || 2] 550-7
| 20 | 547-6 | 22| 697 | Dee. 17 3 30| 125-52 | 32| 549-1 | 34] 712
| 24] 128-97 | 26| 554-8 | 28] 691 | Dec. 17 4] 0| 125-43} 2| 548-7 | 4] 709
| 30 | 130-12 | 32] 553-2 | 34| 688 18 | 126-32 || 20 | 549.0 | 22| 709
| 36 | 129-72 | 38 | 5581 | 40} 685 42 | 124.92 || 44 | 550-1 || 46| 707
Dec. 5 20 || 42} 129-03 || 44 | 557-0 || 46] 681 | Dec. 17 5] 0| 125-35 || 2| 5494 | 4] 704
| 48 | 128-37] 50 | 556-5 | 52] 680 24 | 125.05 || 26 | 549.2 || 28| 695

54| 128-37 | 56 | 553-2 | 58| 686 |

Bifilar Thermometer. Noy. 104 20, 497-4; 104 23, 50%2; 114 1h 30m, 57°-8; 114 2h, 57°; 114 3b, 58%2; 194 2h, 51°-9 ; 194 Sb,
57°-8 ; 194 8», 58°6; 214 20h, 43-4; 214 21h, 445; 224 Dh, 50-8; 224 Zh, 59-1; 22a Bh 45m, 53°2; 224 Gh, 51°-9; Dec. 54 2Ob, 52°8 ; I
54 215, 52°9; 94 5b, 563; 94 Gb, 56%4; 94 7h, 568; 94 8h, 56°9; 174 Qh, 56%5 ; 174 5b, 67°8. }

Balance Thermometer. Nov. 104 20%, 50°-6 ; 104 23h, 51°3; 114 15 30m, 59°6; 114 2h, 59°-2; 114 3h, 59°5; 194 2h, 59°9; 194 54,7
58°-5; 194 8b, 601; 214 20%, 45%1; 214 21h, 473; 224 Qh, 523; 224 Bb, 63-8; 22d Bb 45m, 54°2; 20d 5b, 58°6; Dec. 54 20h, 54% 1; I
54 21h, 542; 94 5b, 57°3; 94 Gb, 575; 94 7h, 57°B; 94 8b, 58°0; 174 Bb, 582; 174 5h, 598,

OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETIC DIP.

1841 anp 1842.

Dura-
Gottingen 3 MEAN OF READINGS.
Mean Time, se Thermo- Ae: oe Observed REMAEKS.
Commencement of | obser | Meter: | Needle.| End A. | HndB. |B. North.| DIP.
Observations. vation. North. North.
dob m| om ° aie Tee 4 Oe
1841.

Unsatisfactory observation. Instrument out

Apr. 29 71 29-13| 71 24:00) + 5-13 | 71 26-56 of adjustment. Observers, Professor Forbes
and Mr. Russell.
Double observation ; unsatisfactory. Needle

July 7 1 0 61-0 1 71 19-4 | 71 28-4 | — 9-00 | 71 23-9 yous getting into contact with limb. |
Observers, Mr. Main and Mr. Russell.

July 20 6 0 2 71 15-50) 71 29-37 | —13-87 | 71 22-45

July 20 7 10 60-0 1 71 23-12) 71 23-00| + 0-12 | 71 23-06

Sept. 6 6 5 1 71 27-12) 71 21-12| + 6-00 | 71 24-12

Sept. 6 6 55 2 71 19-62) 71 32-37] —12-75 | 71 26-00

Sept.14 5 0 69-0 1 71 29-00| 71 27-50| + 1-50 | 71 28-25

Sept.14 5 45 69-0 2 71 19-62) 71 35-25) —15-63 | 71 27-44

Sept. 27 20 20 55-0 1 71 29-38| 71 23-00) + 6-38 | 71 26-19

Oct. 4 20 40 55-0 1 71 35-62) 71 30-38) 4+ 5-24 | 71 33-00

Oct. 8 5 15 56-5 1 71 30-75} 71 18-25) +12-50 | 71 24-50

Oct. 11 20 20 45-5 1 71 28-88| 71 20-25) + 8-63 | 71 24-56

Oct. 15 5 10 48-0 1 71 38-38) 71 21-38) +17-00 | 71 29-88

Oct. 18 20 20 38-0 1 71 43-75| 71 23-87| +19-88 | 71 33-81

Oct. 22 5 15 48-0 1 71 38-25| 71 16-25 | +22-00 | 71 27-25

Oct. 25 20 20 40-0 1 71 37-25) 71 25-37| +11-88 | 71 31-31

Oct. 29 5 20 52-6 1 71 28-12) 71 17-75| +10-37 | 71 22-94

Noy. 1 20 15 37-0 1 71 28-88] 71 22-62) + 6-26 | 71 25-75

Nov. 5 5 10 50-0 1 71 26-38] 71 22-00| + 4-38 | 71 24-19

Noy. 8 20 15 49-6 1 71 31-38| 71 24-62| + 6-76 | 71 28-00

Nov. 12 5 20 44-5 1 71 29-75| 71 26-37) + 3-38 | 71 28-06

Noy. 15 20 20 28-5 1 71 23-38| 71 30-00| — 6-62 | 71 26-69

Nov. 19 5 10 45-0 1 71 22-25) 71 26-00] — 3-75 | 71 24-12

Nov. 22 20 20 36:3 1 71 26-00} 71 10-88) +15-12 | 71 18-44

Nov. 26 6 45 1 71 32-25) 71 17-00| +15-25 | 71 24-62 %

Nov. 29 20 20 45-0 1 71 18-88] 71 25-62| — 6-74 | 71 22-25
This and the two following observations made

Dec. 28 2 0 1 71 28-88] 71 17-75) +11-13 | 71 23-31 by Professor Forbes.

Dec. 28 23 0 2 | 71 21-00| 71 33-00| —12-00 | 71 27-00 ite emall erie 2 the obser ae
observing B. North.

Dec. 29 0 10 71 16-38| 71 30-62) —14-24 | 71 23-50

1842.

Jan. 14 5 10 47-0 1 71 24-25) 71 17-62) + 6-63 | 71 20-94

Jan. 17 20 20 38-0 1 71 27-00} 71 11-62) +15-38 | 71 19-31

Jan. 24 20 10 39-0 1 71 26:50| 71 20-00) + 6-50 | 71 23-25

Jan. 28 5 10 51-0 1 71 23-25| 71 25-50) — 2.25 | 71 24-38

Jan. 31 20 15 45-0 1 71 23-88) 71 22-62) + 1-26 | 71 23-25

Feb. 4 5 10 53-0 1 71 28-75| 71 22-88| + 5-87 | 71 25-81

Feb. 7 20 20 45-0 1 71 31-25) 71 22-50) + 8-75 | 71 26-88

Feb.11 5 15 53-0 1 71 27-62| 71 20-50| + 7-12 | 71 24-06

Feb. 14 20 25 51-0 1 71 27-12| 71 23-88| + 3-24 | 71 25:50

Feb.18 5 15 56-0 1 71 30-12) 71 26-88| + 3.24 | 71 28-50

Feb. 21 20 20 40-0 1 71 24-62) 71 23-78| + 0-84 | 71 24-20

Feb. 25 5 20 49-0 1 71 25-00| 71 26-50) — 1-50 | 71 25-75

Mar. 4 5 20 55-0 1 71 27-00! 71 21-37| + 5-63 | 71 24-19

Mar. 7 20 15 49-0 1 71 26-62) 71 21.25) + 5-37 | 71 23-94

Mar.11 5 20 53-0 1 71 28-50} 71 18-62) + 9-88 | 71 23-56

Mar. 14 20 30 50-0 1 71 26-50} 71 23-75| + 2-75 | 71 25-12

Gottingen

‘

:

18
. 21
. 25
. 28

20

20
21

me

'

Mean Time,
Commencement of
i Observations.

25

40

20

15

20

OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETIC Dip, Marcu 18—Juty 8. 1842.

Dura-
rea Thermo-
Once meter.
vation.
m. io
48-0
45-0
55-0
45-0
49-0
44-0
55-0
42-0
47-0
62-0
49-0
65 61-4
160 57-0
100 47-2
85 63-1
55 55-0
85 57-0
60 55-0
90 55-5
120 69-0
120 59°5
90 65-6
75 65-0
100 61-0
85 60-0
105 65-5
70 56:0
85 67-3
85 60-5
120 61-7

—

See ee

MEAN OF READINGS.

71

71

71 32.37 25-87

28-25

23-87
29-50
21-87
31-12

25-87
31-75
30-25

37-88
32-88

32-62

33-12 14-00

38-00
33-88
38°50
36-00
40-38
38-50

7-88
12-50
12-75
12-37
16-12
15-00

A. North
Minus
B. North.

+ 9:37
+ 9-00
+ 20-25
+ 17-88
7-50
1-25
5-75
5-00
1-00
5-25

4-62

+i +tt+

4-87

0-25

8-50

6-50

+ 19-12

+30-12
+ 21-38
+ 25-75
+ 23-63
+ 24-26
+ 23-50

Observed

71

71

Dip.

29.12

23-31

20-56
27-56
23-37
23-06

20-37

23-69
22-87

24.94.
20-81

24-37

23-56

63

REMARKS.

{This and the previous observations, with the

1 exceptions noted, were made by Mr. Russell.
{This and the following observations were
\ made by me. J. A. B.
It is possible that in some of the readings for
this observation the divisions of the limb
had been taken for 5‘ instead of 10’.
oe the agate planes, care being taken
4 that the glass door was shut, as in shutting it
\ exerts a pressure on the bottom of the box.
Although great care and much time was
bestowed on this observation, it can hardly
be considered good, very different readings
: being obtained after repeatedly lifting the
needle on the Y’s.
Level of agate planes verified.
fn this observation the needle was placed
carefully on the agates, lifted by the Y’s,
gently let down and allowed to vibrate
through about 10°; then, when at rest, read.
This observation made in the same way as last.
Level of agates verified.

The observations of June 3¢ were made in
order to determine the effect, on the final
result, of lifting the needle on the Y’s one,
two, or three times. See Note below.

While changing the poles the needle fell upon
the carpet from a height of about two feet.

This result obtained in the same way as the

{ second result, June 34,

Id.

In some of the readings the needle had to be

lifted frequently before a satisfactory obser-
vation could be made,

Allowing the needle to vibrate through 10°
has not been found satisfactory. The needle
is now checked near its supposed position of
rest, and is lifted and lowered by the Y’s
till satisfied that lifting does not alter the
reading.

Great care taken with this observation.

June 34, The needle was checked so as to allow it, when lowered on the agates, to vibrate through 10°. After coming to rest the position

. (yas read. The first result, June 34, was obtained from the readings made in this way. After each of the readings for the first result, the needle
‘| Was lifted by the Y’s and lowered gently (the arc of vibration being small) and again read ;—these readings give the second result. The needle
being lifted, &., as in the second case, a third result was obtained.

OBSERVATIONS OF MAGnetic Dip, Jury 11—Drcemper 30. 1842.

MEAN OF READINGS.

Commencement of

REMARKS.

ee Dee ee

See ee ee

te ee

much time was bestowed on it.
the bad balance of the needle, or the action
of the lifter, no reading was considered pe
fectly satisfactory.

This observation is scarcely worth recordii
No reading could be obtained, after lift
and lowering the needle, the same as before.)
The greatest care was taken, and the read
ings, in each position, made from 6 to 10}
times before one was adopted,

Considered a good observation, though madey

in a comparatively short time, }

All the observations since August 29, are con
sidered very good,—none of them were
hurried.

{In changing the poles the needle received, byjy
| mistake, 10 strokes instead of 8 on each side

This observation made by candle light, and is
not considered so good as the others.

Observation not quite satisfactory.
nstrument levelled. A considerable chang¢
took place in the readings on this occasion
compared with those in the same position@]”
previously. Good observation.

Good observation.

Considered a fair observation.

Good observation.
Fair observation.
Good observation.

Good observation.
Observed by Mr. Welsh.

OBSERVATION

OF

ABSOLUTE HORIZONTAL INTENSITY.

Marcu 26. 1842.

66 OBSERVATION OF ABSOLUTE HorizonTaL INTENSITY, Marcu 26. 1842.

OBSERVATIONS OF DEFLECTION. Biritar Mae- OBSERVATIONS OF VIBRATION. BIFILAR MAGNETOMETER,
NETOMETER.
cosa cana Roving 60 60 |) Time of Ther-
Rae Sa el of Mean Read- |Thermo-} _ 8. End Vibra- 8. End Vibra- Obser- Read- mome-
Distance. | p,q, |Suspended Deflection.|| ings, | meter. | Moving W. | tions. Moving BE. tions. vation. ings. | ter.
Magnet.
Ft. Se. Div. Se. Div. Se. Div. 7 hom 5s. m & hm 8. m. 48. h. m. s. | Se. Div. <
5.25 W W. 36-61 212.37 153-9 | 54:0 | 3 16 33-0 3 16 49-0 3 18 30/161-5 |56-0
“| E. | 461-34 150-3 | 54-4 21 35-4 21 51-0 21 0O| 166-6, | 56-0
3-50 W. E. 308-13 60-57 156-2 | 55-2 26 37-3 26 53-0 23 30) 166-8 | 56-0
“| W. | 186-98 149-2 | 54-8 31 39-4|15 6-4 31 55-3)15 6-3 26 0] 166-0 | 56-0
850 E E. 307-09 59-87 151-2 | 55-8 36 41-6|15 6-2 36 57-4|15 6-4 28 30] 164-5 |55-9
‘ W. | 187-35 152:3 | 56-0 41 43-6) 15 6-3 41 59-4/|15 6-4 31 0} 162-3 | 55-9
5.25 E W. 35-45 211-61 151-3 | 56-2 46 45-9) 15 6-5 47 1-6|15 63 33 30] 162-2 | 55-8
: E. | 458-68 153-1 | 56-3 36 0/ 159-5 | 55-7
38 30] 160-0 | 55-7
41 0| 160-4 | 55-6
43 30) 158-7 | 55-5
46 0| 156-4 | 55-4

rv =5-25 feet. Mean deflection 211-99 Se. Div. u =2° 22’ 14”.7
Ma BGO) wae) Peceecadveetvveats (A020) Gercocioce u’ =0° 40’ 24”.4
Observed mean time of one vibration, T’ = 15%-1058.

7 div.
Mean Bifilar, {Then \ during deflections, { uae \ Reading corrected, 523-8*"-

: Reading " 5 : 162.1% : raat
Mean Bifilar, { Theeatt during vibrations, { 55°-8 \ Reading corrected, 534-8

Difference of Bifilar readings during deflections and vibrations corrected = Asam =11-0 Se. div.

= -00137 in parts of force.

2 =0-000994. (See Introduction for value of = March 3. 1842.)

at commencement a c a =100
Semi are 1s eaninaten \ of vibrations, ea 6°

(eases a =1-25 feet,
Deflecting bar, «Breadth, b =0-0719 feet,
Weight, W = 6216-7 grains.

From the formulz below there has been obtained X = 2-9662.

24 p2
Moment of inertia K = “ as W.

ra +e Ht oa) = T, time of vibration corrected.
2F 16

aK AX Am - .
~ (: + x tm ) =m X at the period of deflections.

(1 Zo ay : > tanw—r tan m
F (8-7) ~ XxX"

The hours of the deflection observations have not been registered.

The ares of vibration were not registered. The above have been estimated from a remembrance that Mr.
Russell used rather large arcs of vibration, and from other considerations. The times of vibration were obtained
from the clock in the observatory ; the rate is not registered, but it was generally very small.

The notation and formule above are those used in the Report of the Royal Society.

DAILY METEOROLOGICAL
OBSERVATIONS.

1841 anv 1842.

68 DAILY METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, JuLY 11—Aveust 5. 1841.

Gottingen Bano- THERMOMETERS.

Mean Time
of ERIE Max. STATE OF THE SKY.
Observation. | : Dl Saticren!

d. h. in. °
July 11 20 |) 29-290
23 | 39-313
12 2] 29-322
5 29-306

20 || 29-365
23 | 29-381
2 || 29-396
5 || 29-393

29.426
29-400
29-414
29-416

29-431
29-453
29-503
29-550

29-770
29-785
29-758
29-740

Rain.

Id.
Cloudy.
Heavy rain.

The maximum and minimum tem: i i
: n peratures given, with exceptions noted, are the greatest and least whi i
the previous observation. The register thermometers were read between 208 and a3 eS ae

rep ay ye is always the quantity fallen since the previous observation. The gauge was read at 1».
ig. 5 e€ maximum and minimum temperatures given are supposed to be those of the preceding 24 hours.

Datty MEeTEoroLocicaL OBSERVATIONS, Aucust 5—20. 1841. 69

Gottingen
Mean Time
of
Observation.

Aug.
Aug.

- 10

. 11

. 12

13

. 14

- 15

16

17

18

. 19

20

h.
20
23

Baro-
METER
Corrected.

in.
29-104
29-180
29-269
29-336

29-449
29-459
29-461
29-439

STATE OF THE Sky.

THERMOMETERS.
Dry = Wet. eae
58-3 56-5 | 63-5
57-5 54:4 | 54-2
59-1 54-7
56-7 | 52-8

57-2 | 54-7 59-4
62-9 | 58-4 | 48-5
59-8 | 57-1

62-4 | 58-2
55-2 | 52-1 64-2
58-4 | 53-2 | 45-6
58-1 53-9

57-5 | 51-2
cteen Ml} aehieas 59-9
56-3 | 51-9 | 47-5
57-8 | 51-9

58-8 | 53-4
48-0 | 45-7 | 59-1
54-7 | 51-8 | 40-7
54-7 | 51-7

54-7 | 50-8

52-4 | 46-6] 55-1
55-7 | 48-7 | 434
58-5 | 50-7

57-2 | 50-8

47-5 | 45-4 | 59.3
59-5 | 54-6 | 37-3
59-0 | 55-0

56-9 | 55-1

54-4 | 53-2 | 63-2
55-9 | 55-1 52-4
57-4 | 56-0

57:0 | 55-9

51-2 | 50-0 | 66-7
61-1 | 58-3 | 44-0
67-0 | 62-1

64-5 59-7

58-8 | 56-9 | 67-3
58-4 | 52:9 | 55-1
60-0 | 52-5

60-0 | 514

49-6 | 47-5 | 61-1
61-0 | 56-4 | 40-0
61-4 | 54-8

61-1 55-2

55-8 | 52-6 | 63-0
62-3 | 57-7 | ws...
63-4 | 60-1

60-8 59-0 | 67-1
62-5 58-6 54-0
69-4 | 61-2
70-4 | 62-4

0-00

0-64

0:01

0-00

0-00

0-00

0:37

0-33

0:00

0-00

0-00

0-00

Cloudy.
Id. : light rain.
Id.: sunshine at intervals.
Id.

Fair: wind WSW.
Id.: wind WSW.
Thick clouds: wind S.
Fair: wind SW.

Fair.

Fine and clear; heavy showers at intervals.
Cloudy.

Id.: high wind.
ds: id.

Fine and clear.

Cloudy.
Heavy clouds: light rain-
Rain.
Rain.

Id.
Clouds breaking.
Heavy rain.
Fair.

Id.

Id.
Fair but cloudy.
Light rain

Fair.

Id.

Id.: fresh breeze.
Fair.

Id.

Id.

Id.

Fair and clear.
Fair: cloudy.
Heavy clouds.
Fair: hazy.

Id.: id.

Id.: id.

Id.: cloudy.

MAG. AND MET. OBS. VOL. I.

‘70 Darity METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, AUGUST 20—SEPTEMBER 6. 1841.

Gottingen EGE THERMOMETERS. Rita
i METER |_| Max, || SUSE STATE OF THE SKY.
Obsersatinn: Corrected. Dry. | Wet. jana Min. B
doh. in. 2 a G in.
Aug. 20 20 | 29-450 | 53-3 | 52-1 | 71-5 Rain.
23 | 29-409 | 51-6 | 50-8 | 51-3 || 0-46 || Very heavy rain: thunder.
Aug. 21 2) 29-372 || 55-3 | 53-7 Drizzling rain.
5 || 29-347 | 53-3 | 52-1 Td.
Aug. 22 20 || 29-420 }| 52-8] 50-0 | 63-2 Fair.
23 || 29-467 | 57-9 |-52-0 | 47-5 || 0-46 || Id.
Aug. 23 2 |) 29-525 || 58-6 | 51-7 Id.
5 || 29-583 | 59-2 | 52-9 Id.
20 || 29-817 | 49-4 | 48-1 | 60-4 Light rain.
23 || 29-847 | 53-8 | 50-3 | 42-4 || 0-02 || Cloudy.
Aug. 24 2] 29.836 |) 56-4 | 52-5 Fair but cloudy.
5 || 29-838 | 57-8 | 53-7 Fair and clear.
20 || 29-686 | 56-7 | 55-0 | 60-1 Fair : nimbi to W.: cumuli to E.
23 || 29-662 || 62-5 | 59-0 | 50-1 |) 0-17 || Heavy cumuli approaching to nimbi.
Aug. 25 2 29-723 || 66-3 | 60-5 Dense scud : gleams of sunshine.
5 || 29-737 || 65-0 | 60-9 Cumuli : send.
20 || 29-722 || 61-8 | 60-2 | 67-3 Light rain : seud ; wind.
23 || 29-740 | 65-8 | 62-8 | 55-6 || 0-00 || Heavy ecumuli.
Aug. 26 2 || 29-847 || 65-0 | 62-4 Heavy cumuli and seud.
5 || 29-894 || 64-9 | 60-6 Cumuli : fair,
20 || 29-916 || 59-6 | 57-0 | 67-2 Cumuli.
23 | 29-910 | 61-8 | 59-3 | 56-8 || 0-01 Id.
Aug. 27 2) 29-899 || 65-5 | 60-6 Id. : wind.
5 || 29-836 || 63-7 | 58-9 Id: 1d)
20 || 29-845 || 58-2 | 56-8 | «+--+ Overcast : light rain : gleams of sunshine.
23 || 29-861 || 62-1 | 57-3 | «++. 0-00 Id.: heavy cum. : light wind.
Aug. 28 2 29.833 | 64-2 | 56.4 Fair : scattered cum. : light breeze,
5 || 29-846 || 64:0 | 56.6 Id. : id. : occasional gusts of wind.
Aug. 31 20 || 29-663 | 43-6 | 42-6 | 55-8 Fair : cumuli on horizon ; heavy dew.
23 || 29-647 || 57-0 | 53-0 | 37-4 || 0-50 | Id. : clouds rising: misty : solar halo at 224,
Sept. 1 2 | 29-625 || 59-3 | 54-6 Sky much overcast : dark cumuli: wind rising.
5 || 29-586 || 56-9 | 51-5 Sky almost covered with dark clouds : wind high.
20 || 29-464 | 54-3 | 50-7 | 59-6 Fair : cum.-str. on horizon : cir.-haze above.
23 59-8 | 54-8 | 51-2 || 0-00 || Id.: sky much overcast : cum.-str. on hor. : wind very high.
Sept. 2 2 61-6 | 55-6 Sky much overcast with heavy cum : wind high.
5 60-3 | 54-7 Overcast : dark cum.: brighter to W.: wind very high.
20 49-7 | 48-8 | 62-5 Overcast : cum, in zenith: cum.-str. on horizon.
DEF || caacugeers ||apoasen|| ddenas 47-1 || 0-00
Sept. 3 BD |] cecceene |] seoeee | sevens
FA||| ossacses [Ih oxddca || "Sega
20 | 29-460 | 46-4 | 45-0 | 59-3 Sky quite overcast : heavy rain,
23 || 29-456 || 45-9 | 43-8 | 45-4 || 0-13 Id. : id.
Sept. 4 2] 29-490 | 45-1] 43-8 Overcast : steady rain : clearing to NW.
5 || 29-452 | 45-5 | 43-9 Clouds more broken up : gleams of sunshine.
Sept. 5 20] 29-564 | 40-5 | 39.2 | 55-6 Fine : cum. generally : cum.-str. on E. hor : clear to NW.
23 29-553 51-5 | 47-6 | 35-1 0-13. || Overcast from N. to zen.: light rain: cum.-str.on N. hor.: broken to S.: gleams of sunshine,
Sept. 6 2] 29-538 | 55-3 | 51-0 Generally overcast: clouds broken: cum. : clearing on N. hor,
5 | 29-491 || 56-9 | 52:0 Clear to N. : detached and scattered cum. : cir.-cum.

Aug. 314. The maximum and minimum here given are supposed to be those of the 31%. In cases of omission Mr. Russell does
not mention when the register thermometers are set.

Daity METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, SEPTEMBER 6—20. 1841. 71

6tti THERMOMETERS.
one. Baro-
ans me METER STATE OF THE SKY.
of Corrected Max.
Observation. - : * land Min,

——

a. h. in. 5 "
Sept. 6 29-480 : 4) 57.3 Fine : cir., cir.-str. : cum. to SW.: clear to E. and N.
29-448 : - 35-5 Much overcast : heavy cum.: bright gleams of sunshine.
Sept. 7 29-375 : . Sky quite overcast with heavy cumuli.
29-304 : . Still overcast : clouds more broken : cum., cum.-str. on hor.

29-307 D ; Unbroken clouds : light rain.

29-355 “ : E Still overcast : clouds broken : light rain.
Sept. 29-413 . . Id. : id. : id.
29-522 . . Id. : clouds less broken : fair.

29-762 . : Thick fog.

29-720 . : . Much overcast: cum. : gleams of sunshine.

Sept. 29-693 . : Quite overcast, with almost unbroken clouds : light rain.
29-650 . . Id. : id. : id.

29-623 : : : Fair: sky covered with detached cum. : cum.-str. on hor.
29-621 é E . H Quite overcast with cum.: cum.-str. on SW. hor.

Sept. 29-592 . 5 Sky covered with unbroken clouds: rain.

Id. : id.

Fair : cum to §.: clear in zen. : cir.-str. to N. and E.
: Id.: cum. generally : cir.-str.
Sept. : . : Id.: sky covered with broken clouds.

Sept. : : : Fine: clear : cirri.
Id.: id.: id.
Sept. : ; : Id: id: id,
Td: idi: id.

Sept. . : : Fine and clear: a few cum. on hor. : cir. here and there.
Almost clear : a few cum. : strong breeze.

Sept. : . 30- Many cumuli: strong breeze.

Id.: wind abated.

Fine and clear : cir., cir.-cum.

} Fair, cumuli, cirri.

| Sept. : : : Id., cum. : storm passed off to NE. : dense clouds still seen there.
Id., id: occasional thunder in horizon.

Fog ; apparently clear above.

Fine and clear: a few cum. on hor.
Sept. : j . Fine : many cumuli.

d Clear : cum.-str. on hor.

Thick fog.

3 Id.

| Sept. : . : Sky overcast: misty.

Id.

Thick fog.

| Fine : fog clearing off: cumuli.
| Sept. é : : Td. : cumuli: cum.-str. on hor.
Id.: id: circum.

Quite overcast.
Overcast: heavy dark clouds.
Id. : id.
Id. : id. : wind rising.

72 Datty MEeTEoROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, SEPTEMBER 20—OcTOoBER 9. 1841.

Gottingen
Mean Time
of
Observation.

Sept.

Sept.

Sept.

Sept.

Sept.

Sept.

Sept.

Sept.

Sept.

Sept.

Sept.

Oct.

Baro-
METER

in.
30-021
30-006
29-947
29-897

29-688
29-662
29-598
29-530

29-216
29-160
29-099
29-139

29-296
29-307
29-286
29-287
28-880
28-886
28-843
28-866

28-484
28-607
28-646
28-693

28-883
28-857
28-886
28-930

28-736
28-733
28-669
28-752
29-033
29-083
29-129

29-432
29-454
29-458

THERMOMETERS.

Corrected.

29-206 |
29-408 |

Max.
Wet. |and Min.

STATE OF THE Sky.

47-6 | 58-9
50-6 | 45-5
49-4
46-1

49-0
49-3
49-5
49-8

Fine and generally clear : cumuli.
Much overcast : heavy dark clouds.
Fine: many cum.: wind rather high.

| Id.: cum.: eum.-str.

Much overcast : cum. :
ids: id. :
Quite overcast :
Id: less wind.

Overcast.

Id.

Id.: light rain: cum.: scud.
Clearer sky: cum. : cir.

Quite overcast : light rain.
Unbroken clouds: heavy rain.
Id. : light rain.

Overcast : rain.
Id. : id.
Clouds more broken: cum.: scud.
Id. : id.

Fog.
Id.
Still foggy : sun breaking through.

Fine and clear: cirri. [from NE.

Heavy clouds to 8. (windward) : cir. : cir.-cum. to N.: cir.-str.
Scattered cum. : strong breeze: sunshine.

Cum. : varieties of cir.: cir.-cum. : cir.-str. : sunshine: wind.
Much overcast: clouds broken to W.: gleams of sunshine.

Quite overcast : heavy rain : high wind.

Clearer to S.: cum.: nimb. to N.: sunshine: wind.
Overcast : rain and wind,

Sky more open: heavy clouds to S. : wind.

Overcast : light rain.
More open: scattered cum. : sunshine.

Id., but wild : scattered cum. : cum.-str. on hor. : wind.
As before ; heavy clouds to W.

Heavy rain: wind.
Id. : id.
Id. : id.
Overcast : fair : wind not so high.

Rather open to N.: cir.cum.: dense clouds to 8.

Overcast : wind: rain.

Heavy clouds to S.: a little broken to N.: gleams of sunshine.
Quite overcast.

Overcast : cum.-str. on hor. : calm.
Thick scud in zen. : clear elsewhere : cum.-str. on hor.
Cloudy : cumuli.

Id. : id.

Oct. 64.

rain, page 68.

The maximum and minimum are supposed to be those of the preceding 24 hours. See note on the quantity of

Gottingen
Mean Time

of

Observation.

Oct.
Oct.

Oct.

Oct.

Oct.

Oct.

——~

dad. h

10

il

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

20
23

Dairy METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, OcTOBER 10—23. 1841. 73
Bano- THERMOMETERS. yee
METER Max. GAUGE STATE OF THE Sky.
Corrected. Dry. Wet. | naMin. B.
in. ° 2 o in.
29-111 || 47-1 | 43-8 | 54-9 Clear: cir. : dark heavy clouds on NE. hor.
29-148 || 50-1 | 45-5 | 41-7 || 0-07 || Clear: a few cumuli: wind.
29-150 || 53-1 | 47-5 Fair: cumuli: circum.
29-050 || 50-9 | 48-8 Overcast.
29-026 || 37-1 | 36-9 | 53-5 Fair : cirri : cum. on E. horizon.
29-032 || 44-4 | 43-0 | 35-3 | 0.05 || Id.: overcast.
29-070 || 51-0 | 48-8 A good deal overcast : sun between broken clouds.
29-131 || 51-9 | 48-5 Cumuli: heavy dark clouds to W.
29-511 42:0 | 38-9 | 53-5 Cumuli: dark clouds to SE.
29-639 || 43-2 | 39-8 | 36-1 || 0-00 || Clear to W.: cum to E.: calm.
29-633 || 45-8 | 41-7 Overcast : cir.-str.: cumuli on hor.
29-638 || 44-8 | 41-8 Overcast : rain.
29-293 || 50-0 | 48-8 | 55-9 Overcast : dark clouds to eastward.
29-295 || 55-0 | 51-0 | 42-4 || 0-16 || Clear in zenith: cum. to W.: heavy clouds to E.
29-282 || 52.9 | 50-1 Sunshine : cloudy to eastward.
29-261 || 53-0 | 49-9 Overcast : rain: heavy clouds to W.
29-053 || 48-0 | 47-1 | 55-3 Overcast : rain.
29-197 46:0 | 44:3 | 39-4 | 0-26 Id.
29.321 || 44-8 | 42.4 Id.: rain: wind NW.
29-397 || 43-4 | 41-8 Id.: breaking to westward.
29-173 || 41-0 | 40-0 | 49-0 Td.: rain.
29-068 41-2 | 39-9 | 39-2 0-21 Id. : id.
29-010 || 42-8 | 41-7 Id.: id.
29-120 || 43-2 | 41-7 Id.: id.
29-281 || 40-2 | 37-5 | 53-5 Fair and clear: cir. : cum. on hor.
29-435 40-9 | 38-2 | 37-7 0-20 dss cir.-str.
29-510 || 44-2 | 38-3 Zenith clear: cum. on horizon.
29-499 || 42-7 | 38-7 des cir.-str.
29-457 || 32-7 | 32-2 | 53-5 Fine and clear: frost.
29-444 43-5 | 40-9 | 30-8 0-00 || Fair: cirri: cir.-str.
29-405 || 47-6 | 44-5 Nimbus: shower of rain: cirri.
29-441 || 46-6 | 43-7 Heavy clouds, sun between.
29-300 || 45-2 | 42-7 | 53-1 Overcast : broken to eastward.
29.225 || 48-6 | 45-4 | 42-3 || 0-00 || Heavy cumuli: sunshine: wind.
29-135 || 48-1 | 45-2 Overcast.
29-027 || 45-6 | 43-7 Id.
29-456 || 33-7 | 31-1 | 49-5 Fair: cumuli.
29-561 || 37-2 | 34-0 | 32-0 || 0.20 || Id.: clear.
29-628 41-0 | 37-0 Id.: id.
29-682 || 39-6 | 36-8 Id.: cir. and cir.-str,
SCRE ec tll ec one 42.0
29-791 || 37-2 | 35-8 | 30-0 | 0-00 |} Overcast: cum.-str. on E. hors
29-712 || 44-8 | 41-8 Id. : id. : id.
29-632 43-9 | 42.4 Id.
29-195 || 42-3 | 41-5 | 45-5 Overcast: cum.: cir.-str. on hor.
29-083 || 44-9 | 43-3 | 40-2 || 0-06 Id.: light rain : strong breeze.
28-963 45-8 | 44-0 BY id. id.
28-820 || 45-4 | 44-5 More open: scattered heavy clouds: zenith clear.

MAG. AND MET. OBS. VOL. I.

74 DatLty METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, OcTOBER 24—NovEMBER 8. 1841.

Gottingen
Mean Time
of
Observation.

a h. ||
24 20 ||

25

Banro-

| METER

in.
28-913
28-989
28-977
29-118
29-353
29-362
29-440
29-505
29-677
29-654
29-593
29-605

29-747
29-790
29-697
29-831

29-938
29-936
29-947
29-956

29-984
29-965
29-903
29-889

29-710
29-756
29-796
29-817

30-040
30-062
30-024
30-040

30-094
30-136
30-134
30-133

30-239
30-246
30-210
30-197

30-174
30-149
30-138

29-907
29-938
29-954

29-964

THERMOMETERS.

Corrected.

Max.
and Min.

STATE OF THE Sky.

30-118 ||

48-5
36-6

Much overcast : cum. : cir.-cum.

Id. : broken clouds: brisk gale.

Id. : id : id.: wild sky.
Storm of wind and rain.
Clear: cirri: dark cumuli on horizon.
Rather open sky : cum.: cirri.
Broken heavy cum. : scud : a few drops of rain.
Clear above: cumuli on horizon.

Overcast : clouds broken to E.: rain: wind.

Id.: wind. {high wind.
Cum. : frequent showers : three rainbows seen during one hour :
High wind : rain.

Fair: detached cumuli.

Overcast : gleams of sunshine.

Zenith clear ; ranges of cum. on hor.
Cir.-str. to S.: linear cirri: cum. to N.

Fair: overcast : cumuli.

Cumuli : sunshine.

A good deal overcast: cir.-str. on E. horizon.
Overcast : cumuli.

Fair: overcast : eumuli.
Overcast : wind.

Td; id.

Id.: rain.

Overcast : light rain.
Id. : id.: clearing to N.
Id. : id.
Id.: breaking to westward.

Fine and clear.
Id. :
1s
Fine: cirri: cir.-cum.

Fair: cir.-cum. : cum. to eastward.

Overcast : cir.-str. on E. horizon.
Id. : id,

Hazy to E.: clear with cirri to W.

Foggy : clouds where seen, cumuli.
Fog clearing off : zenith clear.
Fair: clear : cirri.

Clear.

Overcast.
Id.
Id.
Id.

Fine and clear: cumuli on S. horizon.
Overcast : many eumuli.

Id.: dark heavy eumuli.

Id.

Dairy METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, NOVEMBER 8—22. 1841.

Gottingen SARS THERMOMETERS. Rain
— METER Max, || CAUSE STATE OF THE Sky.
Observation. Corrected.|| Dry. | Wet. |.nq ivfuel | ee
ah. in. ° ° CNY) ec
Nov. 8 20 | 29-840 || 48-5 | 46-9 | 53-7 Overcast : cum. : wind : scud flying low.
23 || 29-746 || 49-4 | 47-6 | 47-3 || 0-00 || Ia.: wind.
Nov. 9 2 29-796 48:9 | 46-9 Id. : id.
5 || 29-692 || 48-9 | 46-6 Id. : id.
} 20 || 29-620 || 48-8 | 45-9 | 52.5 Many cum.: a few cir.-str. to B.: wind.
23 29-617 51-8 | 47-4 | 48-3 0-00 inks id.
| Nov. 10 2] 29-650 || 51-9 | 47-4 Rain: nimbi: clear to NW.
; 5 29-635 || 48-1 | 44-8 Overeast : cumuli.
- 20 || 29-650 || 40-5 | 37-8 | 51-6 Fair and clear: cum. on S. hor.
23 || 29-676 || 41-5 | 38-2 | 38-9 || 0-00 Id. : cir.-cum.
Nov. 11 2 || 29-644 || 44-5 | 39-5 iGlag id.: cum.
5 29-709 || 40-8 | 38-9 More overcast : cumuli.
{ 20 | 29-305 || 37-5 | 36-5 | 44.9 Overeast : cum.: cum.-str.
i 23 || 29-186 || 39-4 | 38-5 | 32-2 || 0-19 Id.: light rain, but clearing.
Nov. 12 2} 29.092 || 40-6 | 39-5 Td. : id., _ clearing to W.
: 5 || 29-020 || 37-6 | 35-9 Id.: clearer to W.
; 20 29-088 32-5 | 31-9 | 41-2 Overcast : cumuli.
q 23 29-104 36:3 | 35-1 | 27-2 0-03 Id. : id: clearer to S.
Noy. 13 2 || 29.042 || 37-0 | 36-2 Id.: rain.
5 || 29-093 || 34-5 | 33-9 Id.: snow.
Nov. 14 20 |} 29-508 || 24-5 | ...... 39-1 Overcast : a few cir.-str. : breaking to SE.
23 || 29-275 || 27-7 | ------ 23-0 || 0-33 || Hazy: cir.-str. : cumuli to E.
Nov. 15 2) 29-261 || 30-4 | ...... Fair: a few cir.-str. : cum. to E.
5 29-247 PEG! AV arise Id.: clear.
20 || 29-282 || 23-9 | ...... 309 Clear: cum. to 3.
\ RM Ma ote viclate ara 31:3 | 30-62] 21-9 0-06 || Id.: id.
| Nov. 16 2} 29-303 | 34-4] 31-6 Fine: cirri : cum. on hor.
| 5 29-325 29-4 | 29.327) - Clear.
i= 20 || 29.443 |} 21-5] 21-5 | 34-8 Clear : cirri: cum. to E.
23 || 29-397 || 24-7 | 23-9 | 19-9 || 0-00 || Ia.
Nov. 17 2 || 29-430 || 30-9 | 29.9 Id.
5 || 29-388 || 27-5 | 27-3 Id
{ 20 || 29-261 17-7 | 17-5 | 32-3 Rather overcast : cumuli.
{ 23 || 29.255 |) 23-1 | 22.5 | 14-6 | 0.00 || Overcast.
Nov. 18 2 29-293 28-9 | 28-1 Td.
5 || 29-314 |} 28-7 | 28-3 Id.: breaking to E.
| 20 || 29-281 || 30-4 | 30-2 | 30-4 Overcast.
| 23 || 29-231 || 35-4 | 32-6 | 21-9 || 0.00 || Cloudy: cumuli: open to S.
Reet) 2 |) ccc easee |] ascetsol|l cones.
5 || 29-124 || 32.3 | 31-3 Clear : cirri.
| 20 || 29-078 || 22-5 | 22-5 | 36-2 Clear.
| 23 || 29-036 || 26-7 | 26-5 | 21-9 || 0-00 || Hazy: cum. : a few cir.-str.
| Nov. 20 2 || 28-929 |) 32-3 | 31.3 Overcast.
| 5 28-834 36-3 | 34-1 Id.: light rain.
!
Nov. 21 20 | 28-670 || 38-3 | 37-9 | 38-6 Overcast : rain.
23 | 28-737 || 37-7 | 36:8 | 35-6 || 0-92 Id.: clearing on N. hor.
Noy. 22 2 28-766 39-5 | 38-6 Id.
5 28-829 38-6 | 37-6 Id.

Ne

76 Dartty METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, NOVEMBER 22. 1841—January 17. 1842.

Gottingen ANGE THERMOMETERS.

Mean Time
of
Observation.

METER. STATE OF THE SKY.

Corrected. - Wet. ats

and Min,

in. 8 2

29-101 : 34-5 | 39-6 Fair: clear to E. : cum.
29-151 5 37-2 | 34-1 Many cumuli : wind,
29-198 : 37-9 Wild sky : eumuli : cirri.
29-248 : 36-7 Cloudy : cumuli.

29-381 . 35- Cloudy : cumuli.

29-445 : 4 : i Overcast : cumuli: seud.

29-396 A d Td. : id.: clear horizon.
29-461 : je Lowering dark eumuli.

29-549 : . Clear.

29-603 . 6? : E Id.

29-609 39: : Id.

29-640 . . Id.: a few cumuli.

29-677 9. Overcast.

29.672 || 31- ‘i , Fair : cumuli,

29-635 ; “3 Id.: cirri: black cum. on N. horizon.
29-627 5 30-5 Clear.

29-500 : 33-0 Overcast.
29-494 : : H Id.
29-476 : . Id.
29.455 : : Id.
28-685 4 ; ; Overcast : rain.
Id. : id.
Clear : cir.-cum.: cum.
Overcast.

Overcast : rain.

Overcast.
Id.

842.

Overcast : wind.

Light snow.
Id.
Id.
Overcast.

Overcast.

Td.

Id.: clear to W.
Fine and clear.

Clear: cumuli on E. horizon.
Id.
Id.
Id.

Jan. 124 23», ‘The rain registered is the quantity which has fallen since Nov. 30.

\

Gottingen
Mean Time
of
Observation.

Baro-
METER

Corrected.

in.
30-102

30-123 |

30-122
30-136

30-125
30-133
30-046
30-035

29-907
29-903
29-868
29-842

THERMOMETERS.

Datty METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, JANUARY 17—FEpBRUARY 1. 1842.

SATE OF THE Sky.

Rain

Max if

Dry. | Wet. Loamin| >
° 2 ° in.

28-4 | 27-8 | 38-1 Cloudy : cumuli.
33-2 | 32-7 | 19-9 || 0-00 || Scattered cumuli.
37-5 | 36-2 Id.
36-5 | 35-7 Overcast.
37-5 | 36-8 | 38-9 Overcast : breaking to E.
38-0 | 37-2 | 33-1 || 0-01 Id.: send: light rain.
42-0 | 40-4 Id.: gleams of sunshine.
41-1 | 40-3 Id.
37-3 | 35-6 | 43-6 Clear : light clouds : cir.-str.
37-5 | 36-0 | 36-1 || 0-00 || Clear: calm.
41-1 | 38-7 Fine and clear: cir.-cum.
38-2 | 36-4 Clear.
30:94|| dense 32.4 Fair. :
B20) s| ewsncs 23-5 || 0-00 || Id. : cumuli,
BOO strains: Overcast : snow.
32-9 | «..... Id. : id.
dogtcay || wasters 33-9
23-4 | 23-4 | 18-4 || 0-20
30-9 | 29-1
30-3 | 28-5

perly observed.

Jan, 214, 224,

MAG. AND MET. OBS, VOL. I.

0-02

0-00

0-00

0-00

0-20

0-01

Overcast.
Scattered cumuli: fair.

Clear.

Id.: clouds to W.
Overcast : high wind.

Id.: blowing a gale: sleet.

Clouds broken : gale.

Overcast : wind abated a little: rain.

| Overcast : wind.
| Clear.

Id.: cirri.
Id.

Fair : hazy.
Cirrous haze.

Clear: a few cirri.
Id.

Overcast : cumuli,

Cloudy : cumuli: clearing to N.

Clear.
Id.

Overcast : rain,

Id.: light rain.
Id. : id.
Id.: foggy.
Clear.
Id.: a little haze.

Cloudy : cumuli.
Id. : id.

17

——SSs——— TTI | iE

The external thermometer case was being altered and painted, preventing the thermometers from being pro-

78 DAILy METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, FEBRUARY 1—15. 1842.

Gottingen Bano- THERMOMETERS. RAIN
Mean nee METER ae GAUGE STATE OF THE Sky.
0 7 : :
Observation. || orrected./ Dry. | Wet. Jang Min, 1B:
j da. h. in, ° eal) in,
Feb. 1 20 || 29-677 | 43-4 | 41-3 | 44-3 Overcast : cum. : clear on N. hor.
23 || 29-774 || 43-6 | 40-5 | 34-0 || 0-00 | Fair: scattered cum.: wild sky.
{j Feb. 2 2] 29-838 | 43-9 | 40-2 Clear : cir.-cum.
5 || 29-903 | 41-0 | 37-5 Cir.-eum. ; hazy on hor.
20 || 30-084 | 36-3 | 34-7 | 44-6 | Cix.-cum.: cir.-str. on hor,
23 || 30-119 || 38-8 | 36-5 | 33:0 | 0-00 | Ia: cum.
Feb. 3 2 || 30-132 | 41:9] 38-9 Clear : a few cirri.
5 | 30-134 | 40-5 | 38-3 Id. : id.
20 | 30-152 | 38-1 | 36-8 | 421 Overcast,
23 30-157 || 40-0 | 39-2 | 32-5 || 0-00 Id. f
Feb. 4 2] 30-134 | 42-6 | 41-4 Clouds more broken : heavy cum. and scud.
5 || 30-128 | 42-8 | 40-5 Scattered cumuli.
20 | 30-109 | 30-7 | 30-6 | 44-8 Fine morning : foggy. |
23 30-092 || 33-2 | 31-8 | 27-8 || 0-00 Id. : id. |
Feb. 5 2 | 30-044 | 40-5 | 37-5 Clear,
5 | 30-006 | 38.6 | 36-4 | Id.

Feb. 6 20 || 29-674 || 29-2 | 29-1 | 44-8 || Overcast : breaking to E.
23 | 29-668 || 28-5 | 28-5 | 22-1 | 0-00 | Cir-cum.

Feb. 7 2 || 29-628 || 32-4 | 30-8 Clear: a few cumuli.
5 || 29-609 | 33-4 | 31-6 A good deal overcast : eumuli. ’
20 || 29-636 || 32-7 | 32-5 | 37-2 Overcast.

23 29-648 35-9 | 33-4 | 28-0 || 0-00 Id.: eum.: elear to W.

Feb. 8 92 29-627 | 39-6 | 36-8 Clear.
5 || 29-633 | 37-5 | 35-5 Fair: cumuli over % of the sky.
20 || 29-534 || 32-7 | 32-4 | 39-3 Overcast : clouds rather broken ; cum.
23 29.512 34-8 34-4 29-2 0-00 Id. : breaking to E.
Feb. 9 2 || 29-458 | 37-8 | 36-8 Id.: light rain.
5 || 29-417 39-5 | 38-5 Id. : id.
20 || 29-444 || 42-5 | 41-5 | 42-6 Overeast : light rain.
23 29-522 || 43-5 | 42-2 | 34-1 0-05 Id. : id.: wind.
Feb. 10 .2 | 29-541 |} 45.9 | 43-8 Heavy clouds: wind: patches of sky.
5 29-541 44-5 | 42-6 dee id. : id.
20 || 29-266 || 47-6 | 46-3 | 47-5 Overcast : rain : wind.
23 || 29-341 || 48-6 | 47-0 | 40-7 || 0-05 Id.: wind.
Feb. 11 2 29-341 49-0 | 47-3 Id. : id.
5 || 29-422 | 45-6] 43-6 Clear: wind.
20 || 29-465 || 49.0 | 48-3 | 50-0 Overeast : rain.
23 29-384 45:7 | 44-6 | 38:2 0-30 Id. : id. : high wind.
Feb. 12 2 29-317 47-1 | 45-6 Ge id.: id.
5 || 29-314 | 47-1 | 44-1 Zenith clear: cir.-cum. : dense clouds all round the hor.
Feb. 13 20 || 29-941 || 34-5 | 33-5 | 37-4 Fine morning : cir.-cum. : cir.
23 30-058 37-3 | 32-6 | 33-1 0-23 Id id.
Feb. 14 2 || 30-022 || 42:0} 40.0 Overcast : wind.
5 | 30-024 | 43-8 | 42-0 Id. :
20 29-911 44-5 | 42-3 | 45-0 Overcast: drops of rain : wind.
23 || 29-901 || 45-2 | 43-7 | 37-1 || 0-00 Id.: - light rain: wind.
Feb. 15 2 | 29-960 | 48-6 | 44-6 Zenith clear ; cir.-cum,: heavy cum. on hor, : wind.

5 || 30-044 || 43-3 | 39-3 Clear.

Datty METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, FEBRUARY 15—Marcu 2. 1842. 79

Gottingen Baro- THERMOMETERS, RAO
Mean ee METER eee | GAUGE STATE OF THE Sky.
0: ax.
Observation. Posmecied | Dry. |, Wet: Amilavemy) |
a oh. in. 2 2 e j in.
Feb. 15 20 || 30-203 || 34-5 | 33-6 | 49.2 Dense cum on hor. : cir.-cum. : cir.-str.
23 || 30-203 | 39-9 | 37-8 | 33-8 | 0-00 | Clear: cir.-eum.
Feb. 16 2 || 30-168 | 46-6 | 42:5 Cum. : cir.-cum.
5 || 30-141 || 43-5 | 40-7 Clear: cirri.
20 | 30-024 | 41-4! 38-8 | 48.0 Overcast : cum. : clearing to S.
23 | 30-030 | 42-6 | 39-7 | 37-6 || 0-00 des id.: cum.-str.: broken to S.
17 2 || 30-001 | 45-4 | 42-7 Id.: cum.-str.: wind.
5 || 29-979 || 44-3 | 41-1 Id. : id.: id.
20 | 30-016 | 41-3 | 38-8 | 47-3 Overcast : cum. : cir.-str.
23 || 30-046 | 42-5 | 39-7 | 36-1 | 0-00 Id.: cum.-str.: dense cum. to S.
18 2 30-034 || 46-0 | 41-9 Clear : a few scattered cumuli.
5 || 30-058 || 43-7 | 40-7 Clear from zenith to S.: dense clouds on N. hor.
20 || 30-017 || 42-5 | 40-7 | 46-5 Overcast: dark cumuli.
23 || 29-990 | 44-7 | 41-5 | 39-7 | 0-00 || Detached cum. over 3 of the sky.
19 2|| 29-914 | 45-0 | 41-2 Much overcast : heavy dark cum. : wind.
5 29-865 43-2 | 39-7 Clear.
20 20 || 29-340 | 36:5 | 35-8 | 46.3 Overcast : rain.
23 29-361 37-8 | 36-4 | 36-1 0-09 Id.
21 2/4) 29-385 || 41-7 | 37-8 Zenith clear: cum. on hor.
Fie eee ol || Peete (cher
20 || 29-449 | 34-0 | 33-4] 41.7 Overcast: cumuli.
23 29-431 37-0 | 34-8 | 29.9 0-01 | its id.
22 2 || 29-357 || 41-5 | 36-5 Clear : cirri: wind.
5 || 29-293 || 40-5 | 35-7 Id.
20 || 29-124 | 38-6 | 37-0 | 43-1 Zenith clear: cumuli on hor.
23 || 29-088 || 43-0 | 39-5 | 31-5 | 0-00 || Clear: cir--cum.
23 2 || 28-991 | 45-7 | 40-6 Clear from zenith to 8.: cum to N.
5 || 28-941 || 40-0 | 38-4 Overcast : light rain.
20 || 28-885 || 29-9 | 29-5 | 45.8 Dark cum. to E. : cir.-str. on W. hor. : mottled cum. and cirri.
23 || 28-879 || 35-8 | 34-1 | 28-5 | 0-02 || Hazy: cir.-cum.
. 24 2 28-854 41-8 | 37-5 Clear.
5 || 28-863 || 41-5 | 38-8 Overcast.
20 || 28-971 || 34-6 | 33-1 | 43-8 Overcast.
23 || 28-970 | 38-6 | 37-0 | 32-8 || 0-00 Id.
25 2 28-956 40-5 | 39-0 Id.
5 || 28-939 || 39-8 | 38-5 A good deal overcast : cumuli.
20 || 28-856 || 34-7 | 32-8 | 42.1 Snow.
23 28-894 34-5 | 33-8 | 32-2 0-01 | Clearing : wind.
26 2 || 28-958 || 39-4] 35-8 Much overcast : cumuli.
5 || 28-998 || 39-5 | 34-7 Clear : a few cumuli.
27 20 || 28-824 || 37-7 | 35-0 | ....-- Overcast : high wind : drops of rain.
23 || 28-935 || 41-8 | 36-5 | ....-. 0-07 || Clear : high wind: a few wisps of cloud.
28 2 || 29-043 || 43-5 | 38-0 ' Open sky : a few cumuli.
Bel |cceas esc |[h cease Ip sceane
Ow lecwewseentasn lll ae oeseen heaste sited Ile aiekiaes
DT Wie aaron t lll ancone Aeeesne 34-1 | 0-15
2 211 29.076 | 37-9 | 37-1 Overcast : light rain.
5 || 29-107 || 37-0 | 36-3 Id. : id.

Feb. 274 23h, Register thermometers omitted to be set on the 26.

80 DAILY METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, Marcu 2—16. 1842.

oe pea Baro- THERMOMETERS. RALN |
ie. sap jester Max. GAUGE | STATE OF THE Sky,
Observation. | Corrected.| Dry. | Wet. |aaaMin. iB
{ a bh in. ba $ Z in.
‘Mar. 2 20 || 29-467 | 36-3 | 36-0 | 39-1 Overcast : rain.
\ 23 29-484 38-8 | 38-4 | 34-4 | 0-39 | Idisig, sady
iMar. 3 2 || 29-418 | 40-1 | 39-7 | Teed:
j 5 29-299 || 42-1 | 41-7 | id=; sad:
i 20 || 29-495 || 37-0 | 35-0 | 42-1 | Rather open sky: cum. and seud.
| 23 29-518 | 41-3 | 37-6) 34-9 | 0-54 | Open sky: a few cumuli.
| Mar. 4 2) 29-523 | 43-0| 38-5 | Much overcast, with eumuli,
} 5 || 29-506 | 43-7 | 38-6 | Open sky : cum. on hor.
i 20 || 29-612 || 38-0 | 36-5 | 44-8 | Zenith clear : cir.-cum. : cum. on hor.
\ 23 | 29-658 || 43-5 | 41-3 | 34-5 || 0-00 | Much overcast: cumuli.
i hy) a ee 29-675 46-9 | 44-2 \ Id. : id.
F 5 || 29:679 | 45-9 | 44-1 | Overeast : wind.
i Mar. 6 20 | 29-354 | 39-0 | 37-0 | 50-5 | Much overcast.
j 23 || 29-284 || 44-8 | 41-5 | 36-1 || 0-00 Tdi a few gleams of sunshine : wind.
Mar. 7 2) 29-189 || 47-4 | 44:3 | Ta: patches of sky : high wind.
5 || 29-080 || 47-1 | 45-2 | Overcast : wind and rain.
f 20 | 29-014 || 37-5 | 36-0 | 50-1 _ | Overcast : rain.
f 23 | 29.035 | 42-5 | 39-5 | 37-1 || 0-07 | Fair: many cumuli.
*Mar. 8 2 29-081 || 44-6 | 40-0 | Zenith clear: cum. on hor. : dense black clouds to NW.
Bl SiOz All) seereas|| ceccbe Storm of rain to NE. : dense nimbi to 8. : open sky to W. : eum.
20 | 29-121 | 32-9 | 321 | 464 | Fine and clear,
\ 23 | 29-116 | 36-8 | 35-7 | 30-0 | 0-01 | Rather open sky: cirri seen above the cum. [eastward.
iMar. 9 2 29-094 | 36-5 | 34-1 Clear with cirri from zenith to W.: storm of rain passing off to
; 5 || 29-091 || 40-9 | 37-0 | | Heavy cum. to N. : clear to S.
20 || 29-166 || 35-4 | 32-8 | 41-8 || Open sky : afewcirri from zenith to W. hor. : cum. on E. hor.
23 || 29-260 || 37-2 | 33-2 | 31-0 || 0-01 | Clear with cirri: cum. low on hor.
jMar. 10 2 | 29-366 | 40.4 | 36.5 Id. : id.
: 5 | 29-485 || 40-2 | 36-0 Clear : a few cum. and cir.-str.
20 || 29-539 || 38-2 | 36-5] 46-5 | Overeast : cir.-str. on NE. hor.
23 || 29-428 || 42-7 | 41-0 | 33-1] 0-00 | Id.: drops of rain.
Mar. 11 2 || 29-219 || 48-8 | 46-8 Id.: light rain: wind.
5 || 29.206 || 43-7 | 40-8 | Id.: high wind: clear from zenith to westward. 4
20 | 29-626 | 39-8 | 37-5 | 52:3 | Sky covered with cir.-cum. and cir.-str.
23 | 29-668 | 44-5 | 40-5 | 36-4 | 0-02 | Overcast: a few cir.-str. on hor. : cir.-cum.: clearing to S.
Mar. 12 2 || 29-669 | 47-4 | 43-0 | Overcast : haze.
H 5 29-584 44-0 | 40-0 Id.: cumuli.
{ Mar. 13 20 | 29-861 || 41-5 | 40-0 | 48-9 Overcast.
93 || 29-867 | 45-8 | 43-5 | 33-5 || 0-01 Id. : clearing a little to S.
Mar. 14 2 || 29-874 | 48-3 | 46-4 Id.: strong breeze.
5 || 29-879 || 48-9 | 47-4 Id. : quite calm.
20 || 29-950 | 48-6 | 47-5 | 51-9 Overeast : cir.-str. on hor. : clearing in zenith.
23 || 29.974 || 50-9 | 48-5 | 45-3 || 0-00 Id.: afew breaks: cir.-cum.: strong breeze.
Mar. 15 2 || 29-946 || 51-9 | 49-5 Clearing a little: gleams of sunshine.
5 || 29-957 || 50-1 | 48-1 Overcast : cumuli.
20 | 29-982 || 46-6 | 45-7 | 53-5 Overcast.
23 | 29.973 || 48.6 | 47-1 | 46-1 || 0-00 | Id.: quite calm.
Mar. 16 2 | 29-928 | 50-1 | 48-1 Id. : cumuli.
5 | 29-868 | 49-1 | 47-1 Id.

Gottingen
Mean Time
of
Observation.

Mar. 16 20

Mar. 17 2
Mar. 18 2
Mar. 19 2

Mar. 20 20

Mar. 21 2

Mar. 23 2
Mar. 24 2
Mar. 25 2
|Mar. 26 2
| Mar. 27 20
| Mar. 28 2

| Mar. 29 2

‘| Mar. 30 2

DAILY METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, Marcu 16—30. 1842,

BaRo-
METER

Corrected.

in.
29-788
29-761
29-672
29-511

29-160
29-178
29-137
29-101

29-012
28-975
28-951
28-898

29-884
29-956
30-023
30-070

29-922
29-863
29-864
29-909

30-097
30-113
30-104
30-072

30-017
30-017
30-004
29-957

29-719
29-623
29-482
29-269

29-059
29-108
29-145
29-181

29-228
29-233
29-217
29-160

29-459
29-499
29-534
29-542

29-400
29-350
29-331
29-339

81

MAG. AND MET. OBS. VOL. I.

THERMOMETERS. Rar
Max GAUGE STATE OF THE SKY.
Dry. | Wet. | naMin, Ee
°. 2 2 in.

40:5 | 38-5 | 52-3 Open sky : cum.
44-2 | 41-5 | 36-4 | 0-06 Id.: id.: cir.: strong breeze.
ae ae Overcast : cumuli.

5 ike dark cumuli: wind. [bright sunshine.
40-7 | 38-5 | 47-5 Open sky from zen. to E.: dense black clouds from zen. to W. :
44:0 | 39-7 | 37-2 || 0-07 || Cloudy : cumuli: strong breeze.
44:5 | 39-5 Id. : id.
41-7 | 38-5 Rather open : cumuli.
35-5 | 33-8 | 45-5 Overcast : gusts of wind.
39-1 | 36-4 | 33-6 || 0-00 | Much overcast : opening to westward: wind.
42-8 | 40-0 Many cumuli: cum.-str. on E, hor.
44-8 | 41-0 - Id.
36-4 | 33-8 | 46-0 Overcast : cumuli: opening to W.
39-8 | 36-5 | 30-3 | 0-20 || Open sky: cum.: cir.-str.
40-5 | 36-7 Overcast : cumuli: high wind.
39-2 | 34-6 Id. : id. : id.
35-5 | 33-9 | 41-6 Overcast : calm.
36-0 | 35-5 | 29-3 |) 0-11 Id.
40-5 | 38-6 Id. : wind.
40-2 | 36-0 Clear: high wind: cumuli.
34:3 | 32-6 | 41-8 Zenith clear : cirrous haze. : dark cum. on E. hor.
36-7 | 33-6 | 34-0 || 0-07 || Clear.
40-7 | 35-8 Much overcast : a few openings: cum.-str.
41-5 | 36-5 Open sky.
44-7 | 42-8 | 42.1 Cloudy : partial blue sky.
50-1 | 46-1 | 34-0 | 0-00 || Overcast: cum. : cir.-str. [patches of sky.
53-7 | 49-5 Much overcast: gleams of sunshine: cum.: cum.-str. to N. :
54-4 | 48-8 Cloudy : clearing in zenith.
41-5 | 39-5 | 55-9 Much overcast : strong breeze: clear in zenith.
47-6 | 42-5 | 31-0 || 0-00 Id. : eumuli.
49-6 | 45-6 Id. : id,
43:4 | 42.7 Overcast : rain: wind,
37-5 | 34-5 | 50-6 Open sky : cirro-cumuli.
41-0 | 35-5 | 33-0 || 0-08 || Much overcast: high wind.: cum.
42-0 | 36-5 Id. : id...
41-0 | 35-5 Id. ; id. : drops of hail.
44-9 | 44-3 | 50-1 Quite overcast : light rain.
50:5 | 48-8 | 31-0 || 0-07 | Open to E.: a few cum.: overcast from zenith to W.
51-7 | 49-1 Overcast chiefly with dark cum. : about 75 of sky to E.
51-0 | 49-4 Almost clear: a few cum.: wind.
42-4 | 39-0 |. 52-9 Clear.
45-4 | 41-4 | 37-1 || 0-00 |) Much overcast: eumuli: wind.
48-1 | 42-5 Id. : id. : id.
46-4 | 41-7 Open sky : cumuli.
41-3 | 39-0 | 49-3 Overcast : light rain.
44-8 | 43-5 | 37-6 || 0-04 Id. : id.
47-1 | 45-0 Id.: rain: wind.
49-3 | 44-6 Clear: a few cumuli: wind.

Gottingen Bano- THERMOMETERS. RG
Mean Time

f METER M GAUGE STATE OF THE Sky.
a Corrected. ry. Wet. ose B.

Observation. and Min.

d. oh. in. S 7 5
Mar. 30 20 29-126 2- 41-5 54-8 2 Overcast : light rain,
23 || 29.034 : 48-5 | 37-2 Id.: wind and rain.
Mar. 31 29-046 . 42-7 Open sky : cirri: high wind.
29-109 o 41-2 Clear : cirri.

29-002 : 36-5 Overcast to SW. : clear to NE.

29-027 || 43-7 | 39-7 ‘ Open sky : cumuli.

Apr. 29-072 . 39-5 Clear from zen. to S.: heayy clouds to N.
29-132 || 40- 38-5 Overeast : clearing to northward ;: rain.

29-523 . 33-4 A good deal overcast : clearing to N. (windward.)
29-591 9: 35-0 . Overcast : high wind.

29-630 | : 34-5 Storm of hail: high wind.

29-647 : 36:3 Open sky : very wild.

30-102 . 36-1 Clear: cir.-cum.: cir.-str.
30-118 3. 38-8 : . Clear: cum. : cir.-str.
30-096 : 40-8 Cir.-str. : a few cumuli.
30-083 : 42.4 Clear : cir.-str.

30-085 : 39:3 Fine and clear: a few cir.-str.
30-090 ‘6 | 43-5 . . Clear.

30-066 ‘ 46-9 Id.

30-032 : 46-6 Id.

30-029 5 34-5 Clear.
30-015 . 43-5 A Id.
29-961 : 47-5 Id,
29-915 . 45-6 Td.

29-844 . 42-0 Overcast : light rain.
29-834 : 43-1 : . Td.
29-821 , 44-5 Id.
29-764 ‘ 40-5 Id.

29-983 ql 7: Clear.
29-982 . 44-6 | 33- 5 Id.
29-952 H 45-6 Id.
29-945 o Id.

30-145 . Clear.
30-149 . : i Id.
30-141 : . Id.
30-112 : Id.

30-129 6 Clear.
30-134 “ . . Id.
30-128 : . | Cum.-str.
30-120 . Cumuli.

30-137 : Fair : many cumuli.
30-111 . : : Cloudy : cumuli.
30-091 . . Cumuli : cir.-cum.
30-051 6 Clear : a few cumuli.
30-018 . Overcast : cumuli,
30-023 . 37- o Id. : id.
30-029 | . : Open sky : cumuli.
30-012 Id. : id.

March 304 22, Index of maximum thermometer suspected to have been shaken along the tube by the wind.

Datty METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, APRIL 13—26. 1842. 83

| Gottingen THERMOMETERS.

Time
Mean METER STATE OF THE Sky.

of c Feda Max.
| Observation. pi a - * Jand Min.

Bano-

in. M2

30-038 D F 45:3 A good deal overcast : cum. : strong breeze.
30-021 3- 2 | 36-6 ide: id.

29-998 f Ll. dds: id. : high wind.
30-004 : 2: Id. : id. : id.

30-076 || 42- : Overcast : strong breeze.

30-093 . . : Id.: high wind.

30-096" . : Id. : id.: clouds breaking.
30-094 . : Id.: a few openings.

30-137 - : Overcast: calm.
30-154 . . 5 Id. : id.
30-134 : . Open sky : cumuli.
30-100 : 3- Clear.

30-009 : . Misty.

29-984 . . “i Clear.

29-957 : : Id. : cir.-cum.
29-938 51. : Id. : cum.

30-000 ‘ : Clear: cir.-cum. : cir,-str.

29-996 : 5 : Id. : id. : id.

29.956 : : Id. : id. : id.: a fewcum.
29-931 : : Id. : id.

29-997 : - Clear.
29-984 : . ‘ i Id.
29-959 . : Id.
29-937 . . Id.

29.971 a : Clear in zenith : hazy on hor.
29.964. 4 c ; Clear : almost no wind.

29.924 : : Cir.-str. over } of sky, chiefly to W.
29-890 j : Sky covered with diffuse cirri.

29.883 : : Clear.

29-849 : ; , H Id.

29-814 : 2. Id.: a few cir.-str.
29-783 . ; Cir.-str. : reticulated cirri,

29-810 : : Overcast : foggy.

29-812 : . 5 Clear: cirri; a few cumuli.
29-761 ‘ . dy aide

29-735 : n Id.: id.

29-912 Overcast.

29-933 I: é i Haze just cleared off : a few cum. to W.
29-922 ‘ é Clear : a few cumuli.

29.929 ; 4 Clear and calm : a few light cum. to S.

30-003 : ‘ Fog.

29-989 f : ! A patch of mottled cirri to N.
29-974 52. : Clear.

29.959 H . Id.

April 154 20%. Observation made at 205 20™,
April 254, The previous observations were made by Mr. Russell.

DaAILty METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, APRIL 26—May 4. 1842.

84

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Daity METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, May 15—25. 1842.

86

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25. 1841.

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Dairy METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, JUNE 26

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a “IMdTO + TYBAYS-OLITD | 4 O'S N 0:0 9:9¢ | Ger | SSbh | 2480°0€ || 0 06

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fs ‘pnos AzeqT | 0-01 N ‘MNN | 9:0 || 00:0 98p | 6SS | s00-0€ | 0 6 S 0

2 “PE + TNoIn| SZ 'N “MNN 9:0 ||000:0 | 3:6¢ | 9-4h | 4ES | 9666 | 0 £6

§ ‘UMO-"119 EDIVT : PNG} g-G “MN 1:0 466 | Geb | 4Sb | €8666 | 0 06

4 ‘104 "Guo Azey : tI10 Jo soyoyeq | 1:0 €:0 Hep | &6h | ce66¢ | O F

3 ‘aio : ‘tnd : pnos jo soyoyeq | G'0 “MN AM &0 00:0 L@p | S8b | €9666 | 0 6 b “PO

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S “gop Io :TNUNO «spl | 36 “MNIN 1:0 SIF | OLD | 624666 || O

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a *g 0} Ays : [HUM esoo] : pnog| 6-6 IN ‘CNN c-9 |900:0 | Ib | Os | SZb | es0-0E | 0 &%

3 "nN 03 Ays : tomy ‘pnos uly, | 86 ‘AN ‘Ni €-0 9:6¢ | LIb | Shr | 6100 || 0 06 6 WO

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a “ynumo-orrto : yup | 0°8 “AN 0:0 ||000:0 | 0-2¢ | 9:9F | FOS | O€T-0g | O &%

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21. 1842.

Datty METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, OcTOBER 11

100

‘tamto ATTOOA : pros > “pI $6 1-0 £98 | GIF || S3L-63
‘TTNUIND asooy > "Pl 0% “MN OT || 00-0 98 | BSh || SEL-6z
"MN 0} “a0 Leauty 2 "pT 0 “MN “MN 0:1 | 000-0 || tog | ese | FOF || 6EL-6a
“yG Ye SB WOZTIOY WO TTNUM) | ¢-¢ £0 T'3b | 866 | 2:1 || 469-66
2 ‘uoztzoy UO “py 0% “MINN £0 PE | GbE || S&h-6s
‘yumny | 0-% “MN ‘NSa MN | 8:0 | 00:0 Gce | LIP || 468-63
“TMO="1T9 PUB “UMN ESOOT : “LOH “WY WO “umn SuoMoy, | (+g “MM Aq N *s4q MW 1:0 ||000-0 || ate | €-Se | S-6E |] 448-66
‘roy wo ‘uno Aawayy | Q-T 0:0 Ger | 8s | 4:66 |] OFE-6
“roy punor PIL 0% “MNN 8-0 T'sg | 868 || 612-66
“PI 0-9 Nl “M Aq Nt $3 || 00:0 8:98 | L-3b || 861-63
‘FNUM esooT | 0-¢ 'N ‘N 0O-€ | SF0-0 | ETE | 6-bE | O-OF || 4LT-6G
‘durrvopo ; “UMd-"Io : uM : pnos UY, | O-G 'N “aM Aq 8:0 €-8h | GbE | 89E || 091-63
‘mred : "AA 0} yep : spnop AzezT | O-OT “NA MN 0% 0-88 | S6E || 190°6z
“pr > "pl GT “MN ‘NAC MN | OT || 00:0 GIP | SL || 060-66
. ‘ezvy-"M1d “ATO 3 “UND BSOO'T | G-T *M Aq AN *g Aq AL 9:0 ||000°0 | Z9E | 6:6E | GE |] 620-66
‘taaro ATayyway : “MOY WO pnog | Og 0:0 8:0S | S9§ | SLE || 480-66
“OF WII 2 “NY 0} “UMI-"ITO ASOOT + "G OF PROG] G-Z “ALN? MA ‘s 4q MS 1-0 Sch | 68h || €0S-66
USOT OLOUL : “Nj OF TTNUMD : pNdg | O-OT “AN “MS $0 || 00:0 6:9b | 66P || 189°66
PI 0-01 “M ‘gs 4q Ms F:0 ||000:0 | c9F | €:9b | 9:6 || GEL-6z
4 phos snoauasomoy ATIveN | 0-01 “AL T:0 0:9¢ | DFP | PLP |] 018-66
6S
‘umo-"119 pure “UM asoor'T | (+g *s Aq Mv “MSM £:0 6:8 | €:0S | 8:FS || 000-08
‘TTHUMO : TUM paspa ssooy | ¢-Z “MSA? ALN “MS AL GO || 00:0 €-e¢ | S8¢ || 686-64
*puos Jo sayoyeq | 8-0 “AN M “A 1-0 | 000:0 || Z-9p | €:0¢ | 9°FS || 100°0€
“pulos-snopnuino-o1tt) | 6-6 w Aq AN *g Aq AN £0 0:96 | GLb | 0-0S || b86°6%
‘ozey-"aTO : ‘a}S-"IID : pnos-"UMO~"IT) | BG “MSL "MS AL c-0 66b | OFS || 2416-66
“110 “UIT pure ATooM : “umd papa esooT | Op “MSL ‘sq #0 || 00:0 ¢-0g | 329 || $1666
‘TIO IvouTT =: “pl | ¢-9 "MN “MSL 9:0 ||010:0 || :*:*+: | 66h | BES || 286-66
“MEN 0} AYs 2 unex gS, : pnog| 38-6 “MN AL 0:0 ste | TZ | esp || 086-62
“ream Ayoryo “pI G8 ‘sg 4q_ MS 8:0 P6b | SES || 96-63
“HTD JO sorjolwA | O-8 “MS 8:0 || 00:0 96h | LS || €66-62
“LATO “ory ‘popjout “iwauy | Q-¢e 0:0 |000:0 | 8-62 | 9b | Seb |] S¢0-0E
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“W10 “O09 ‘ATTOOM ‘froqyeay 0-9 0:0 9:0 0:FS SIT-0€
“Mao “o7p ‘poavar “Teoury | Q-p 1:0 || 00-0 86h | LES || ShI-0E
“HATO JO SorjOIIwA : TTNUIN) | Q-g 2 MN 0:0 ||F00:0 || Z:e¢ | T-Sh | S-9F || 161-0
*480dj ABO : “Gf OF “AIO POAVA PUL deoUT | Op 0-0 9:29 | BSE | SSE || 961-08
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101

1842.

MBER 1

OctToBEeR 21—NoveE

Datty METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS

“PI

ERIE 3] me
“pl : ‘a}s-"a10 : ‘UMd-"A19 BSOOTT
“110 JO Solyatava : pnos : pnos Axourg

*sINO[0D SNOIIBA JO Spnopo : "WMO : “MIO JO “AVA : "py
‘oap ‘spnopo-"at0 ext[-petddra : pnog

‘ezey-"dto ; UMO-"aTO : “MIMD Asoo, : pnog
*T[NUIND-OLITD BSOO] BdIe'T

*IyS-"I1O : OZBY-"AT0 : “ITD + *pnos-"umMo-“AT—)
tan10 Aparyo ynq “ums Jo seyoyeg

‘TIO IOUT : 1}RIYS OLLI,

‘T[MUIN-OL110 aso0TT

ys Cal ies oo) St
ape Te POLL
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a] qeqrizoseput “oy ‘TaI10 : pnog

“uyeL 251] bel Oia
‘ued Jo sdoxp 2 pr 2p
tayt[-Aur10}s : ttt ‘ory ‘ATTOOM "py
‘oop “LLIIO : “UINd-"AT0 asooT : pnog

iBT orient

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"ug 78 Mous :40TAayH UO MOUS : 6g 4B se ATLLANT
"g 0} ous : SUIvIIND passer ayIT spnoj[p
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DAILY METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, DECEMBER 16—27. 1842.

106

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DaiLty METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, DECEMBER 27—31. 1842.

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TERM-DAY

AND

EXTRA METEOROLOGICAL
OBSERVATIONS.

1841 AnD 1842.

MAG. AND MET. OBS. VOL. I. Qn
‘

110
Gottingen d THERMOME-
Mean ae =a pred STave OF THE SKY.
0
Observation. Aideeaere Dry. | Wet.
dh. in. ° S
July 21 10 || 29-305 || 56-5 | 53-7
11}| 29-311 || 55-6} 53-2
12 || 29-320 || 55-3 | 52-6 ,
13 || 29-326 || 54-7) 52-1
14) 29-332 || 54-7} 49-8
15 || 29-330 || 52-7 | 49-0
16 || 29-341 || 52-5| 48-8
17 || 29-341 || 52-9} 48-6
18 || 29-342 || 53-2) 48-8
19 || 29-369 || 53-6) 49-1
20 || 29.349 || 54-4} 49-7
21 || 29-383 || 54-2} 50-1
22 | 29-402 || 53-1) 50-3
23 || 29-401 || 53-7| 50-6
July 22 0|| 29-430 || 54-7) 51-0
1 || 29-439 || 55-1) 51-2
2 || 29-465 || 56-5) 52-4
3 || 29.478 |) 55-9| 52-3
4|| 29-486 || 56-6) 52-1
5 || 29-510 || 56-2) 52-0
6 || 29-484 || 55-9) 51-5
7 || 29-532 || 55-2) 51-1
8 || 29-568 || 53-8 | 50-7
9 || 29-548 || 53-1| 49-9 || Light rain.
Aug. 27 10 | 29-864 || 58-6| 56-4 || Cloudy : heavy cumuli.
11 | 29-847 || 58-8 | 56-7) Cloudy: cumuli : a gale of wind.
12]) 29-821 ]) 58-1) 55-8 |) Cum. : cir.-str.: high wind.
13 || 29-779 || 58-3| 56-0
14 || 29-780 || 58-8 | 56-1 daeemids,: id.
15 || 29-793 || 58-4 | 56-0
16 | 29-774 || 58-8 | 56-2 || Overcast : drops of rain.
17 | 29-812)| 57-3 | 55-8 Id. : id. : wind.
18 || 29-826 || 57-0) 56-0 Id. : wind abated.
19 || 29-808 || 57-6| 56-4 Id.: light rain: clearing to E.
20 || 29-845 || 58-2) 56-8 Id. : adars id.
21|| 29-853) 60-1| 57-1 || Clear: sunshine.
22 || 29-833 || 61-8] 56-5 || Cum. : cir.-str.: fine.
23 || 29-861 || 62-1} 57-3 || Overcast: cum. : light wind.
Aug. 28 0 || 29-877 || 63-2| 58-1 || Clearing: cum. on hor.
1 || 29-887 || 64-3| 58-1 || Scattered cum : light breeze.
2 || 29-833 ]| 64-2) 56-4 IEEE id.
3 || 29-875 || 65-1) 57-1 || Clearing : id.
4 | 29-850 || 65-3| 56-2 || Cum.: fresh breeze.
5 || 29-846 || 64-0} 56-6} Id.: id.
6 || 29-884 || 63-4) 55-8 || Id.: cir.: scud.: calm.
7 || 29-906 || 62-0) 56-4) Id.: id.: cir—haze.
8 | 29-892 || 59-2| 56-8 || Much overcast : calm.
9|| 29-887 || 58-8] 56-3 Id. : id.
Sept. 2211) 29-466|| 51-1) 50-1]) Rain: calm.
12) 29-432)| 51-2| 50-2)) Fair: cloudy: light breeze.
13 | 29-426 )| 51-8| 50-7) Id.: id.: id.
14 || 29-420 || 51-9| 50-6 || Overcast : calm
15 | 29-418} 51-9} 50-5 IGE id.
16 | 29-350 || 50-0} 48-9 Id. : id.
17 || 29-382 || 50-5) 49-6 Id.
18 || 29-401) 51-0} 50-1 Id.
19 || 29-399 || 51-3} 50-0 Id.
20 || 29-396) 51-6| 50-4 Id.
21|| 29-396) 52-6] 51-3 Id.
22 || 29-393) 53-5| 52-1 Id.

TprmM-DAY AND ExtrA METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, JULY 21—NOVEMBER 27. 1841.

Gottingen Banos THERMOME-
ae METER oars! STATE OF THE Sky.
Observation. eae Dry. | Wet.
a. h. in. C 2
Sept. 22 23 || 29-390) 55-0| 53-6 || Overcast: calm.
Sept.23 0|| 29-386] 56-1| 54-1 Id. : id.
1} 29-356 | 56-9) 54-7 Id. : id.
2) 29-359 | 56-7} 55-7 | Seud: cum.: light rain.
3 | 29-384 59-0| 55-8 | Cloudy: gleams of sunshin
4 || 29-372] 58-8] 56-7 || Cloudy to N.: cir.: sky to
5 || 29-370 | 58-3} 56-0 |) Cum: cir. : clearer.
6 || 29-368 | 56-9| 54-6 Id.: sky rather open.
7 | 29-369) 55-6) 54-2) Overcast: cumuli.
8 || 29-386] 53-4] 52-1 Id. : id.
9| 29-388 | 53-0} 51-7 Tide: id.
10 | 29-397 | 51-3} 50-7 || Open sky.
Oct. 20 10|| 28-873 | 40-2) 38-8 |) Overcast: light rain.
11 || 28-953 || 37-0| 35-5 || Rain: wind.
12|| 28-998 | 34-6| 33-7 || Heavy rain: wind.
13 || 29-118 | 35-9} 33-6 || Light showers of sleet :
14 || 29-206 || 36-0| 34-1 |) Cloudy: fair: wind abati
15 || 29-258 | 35-6) 33-5|| Id.: id.: wind rising
16 || 29-285 | 35-0| 32-4|| Clear: light breeze.
17 || 29-361 || 33-4| 30-8] Id.: id.
18 || 29-374 | 33-2} 30-3]) Id: id.
19|| 29-441 || 32-7| 29-9]| Id.
20 || 29-456|| 33-7) 31-1 | Cumuli.
21 || 29-497 || 34-7| 31-8 || Clear.
22 || 29-524 || 35-8| 32-7|| Id.: fresh breeze.
23 |) 29-561 || 37-2| 34-0 || Clear.
Oct. 21 0|| 29-568 || 38-0} 33-6] Id.
1 |) 29-587) 39-6| 36-0|| Id.: calm.
2|| 29-628 || 41-0| 37-0|| Id.: id.
3|| 29-608 || 41-7| 37-5 || Cum. : cir. : calm.
4|| 29-607 | 40-5| 37-0 |) Many cum. : cirri.
5 || 29-682 || 39-6| 36-8 | Cir.-str.
6 || 29-703 || 38-8 | 36-5 || Nearly overcast : cir.-str.
7 || 29-737 | 37-9) 35-7 | Clouds on hor. : sky in zen
8 || 29-761] 37-5] 35-5|| Id: id.
9 || 29-769 || 36-5 | 34-8 || Clear.
Nov. 26 10 | 29-613 || 29-6} 30-1 | Hazy : lunar halo.
11|| 29-618 || 30-2| 30-6) Id. halo less distinct
12) 29-600 || 31-1} 30-9 || Overcast.
13 | 29-595 || 31-8} 31-5 Id.
14] 29-580 || 32-4] 31-8 Id.: calm: light snow.
15 || 29-560 || 32-5) 31-8 Id.: id.: snow.
16 || 29-531}| 32-6] 31-7 Tos Sade aetae
17 || 29-516 || 32-9) 31-9 Td. \:, de) ad:
18 | 29-512|| 33-6) 32-0 Id.) id oe
19 || 29-499 || 33-6| 32-6 || Overcast: calm.
20 || 29-500 || 34-1) 33-1 Td.
21) 29-508 |) 34-5} 33-1 Id. : snow.
22 || 29.496 || 34-7] 33.4 Td.
23 || 29-494 || 35-5| 33-8 Id. |
Nov. 27 0|| 29-493] 35-9] 34.2] Ia. |
1|| 29-483]] 36-9| 34-9] Ta.
2|| 29-476|| 36-8| 34-7) Ia. r
3 || 29-463 || 36-7| 34-7 Id. A
4 || 29-453 || 36-7) 34-7 Id. ‘
5 || 29-455 || 36-7| 35-2 Id. ‘
6 || 29-470 || 36-5) 35-4 Id : light rain.
7 | 29-459] 36-7) 35:8 Id. : id.
8] 29-460 || 37-5| 36-5 Id. : thick mist.
9|| 29-448 || 38-1] 37-0 na i light rain.

|

RM-DAY AND ExTRA METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, DECEMBER 22. 1841—Aprin 21. 1842. 111
Tee THERMOME- Gottingen Riot IEIE BAKO NEE
METER ENS STATE OF THE Sky. ii tl merer | ** STATE OF THE Sky.
; PaELEEbe Os Qbscevation: corrected.) Dry. | Wet.
in. dad. h. in. I easel e
29-551 Clear: a few cirri. Feb. 25 22 || 28-876 | 36-9| 35-4 || Overcast: snow.
11 | 29-538 Id. : id. 23 || 28-895 |) 34-5] 33-8 || Clearing: wind rising.
12) 29-530 Td. : id.: cum. Feb. 26 0 || 28-921 |) 39-5| 36-7 Many cumuli.
13|| 29-514 Overcast. 1|| 28-938 | 39-8| 36-4 || Cloudy in zen. and NW.
14) 29-503 Id.: calm. 2|| 28-958 || 39-4] 35-8 || Many cumuli.
| 15] 29.479 Light rain. 3 || 28-973 || 40-1] 35-7 Ia.
| 16] 29-459 Id. 4 || 28-983 || 39-7| 34-8 || Open sky : cumuli.
| 17 || 29-442 Much overcast. 5 || 28-998 || 39-5| 34-7 || Clear: a few cumuli.
| 18 || 29-426 Td. 6|| 29-019] 35-0) 33-1] Ia.: id.
‘a 19 || 29-413 Id. 7 || 29-048 | 35-2] 32-9]! Id. id.
j 20 || 29-406 Td. 8 || 29-077 | 34-4] 32-2]| Id.
_ 21/) 29-390 Id. : foggy. 9|| 29-109 | 33-3} 31-8 || Cumuli on horizon.
_ 22) 29-381 Fog. 7
4 3 23 || 29-366 Heavy mist. Mar. 23 10 || 30-060 || 33-4] 32-8 |) Overcast : cumuli.
(23 0] 29-344 Overcast : mist gone. 11 || 30-051 || 34-7| 33-6 Id.: calm.
im 1| 29-316 Id.; rain. 12|| 30-037 || 35-4| 34-1 Teen oyeerics
fr «62|) 29.295 Rain: mist in the valleys. 13 || 30-029 || 37-1| 35-7 a id.
3] 29-284 Overcast. 14 || 30-020 || 36-2! 34-6 Id. : id.
i «4 || 29-277 Id. 15 || 30-008 || 36-7 | 35-5 Ta: id.
| 5/|| 29-270 Id. 16 || 29-985 || 39-3 | 37-9 Id. : id.
| 6 || 29-285 Id. 17 || 29-983 || 39-7 | 38-5 ae id.
| 7 || 29-316 Id. 18 || 29-990 || 40-4) 39-8 Id. : id
' 8 || 29.336 Cumuli: breaking up. 19 || 30-002 || 43-7! 41-7 Id. : id.
f 9) 29-384 Clear: mottled-cir. : cir-cum : converging to N. 20 || 30-017 || 44-8 | 42-8 || Clouds breaking.
21 || 30-018 || 46-6| 43-7 || Overcast: cum. : cum.-str.
9 30-006 Overcast. 22|| 30-024 || 47-8| 44-8 Id. : id.: a few cirri.
11 | 30-008 Id. 23 || 30-017 || 50-1| 46-1 Id. : id.
29-985 1 Bh light wind. Mar. 24 0|| 30-014]! 51-8) 47-1 Id. : id.
29-978 Clear in zen. : wind rising. 1}| 30-016 |) 51-9} 47-1 Id. : id.
29-977 Id. 2 || 30-005 || 53-6] 49-5 || Breaking: cum.: cum.-str.
29-971 3 || 29-982 || 55-0} 49-6 || Broken clouds.
29-966 Overcast. 4 || 29-965 || 55-0} 49-6 || Clouds dispersing.
29-950 Id. : clearing in zen. 5 || 29-957 || 54-4| 48-8 | Clear in zenith.
29.928 Quite clear. 6 || 29-952 || 52-6| 46-6 || Clear: a few cumuli.
29-916 A few thin clouds. 7 || 29-941 || 48-6) 44-6 || Clear: cirri: cum. on hor.
29-907 Clear : linear cirri. 8 || 29-970 || 45-8] 42-7 || Id.: id.
29-917 TdF? id. 9 || 29-970 |, 42-7} 40-7 || Id.: a few cumuli.
29-911 Clear: calm.
q 29-903 | 37- 0} Id: id. Apr. 20 10 | 29-973 | 46-7 | 43-8 || Clear: a few cirri.
) 0} 29-892) 38-6] 37-0|| Id.: id. 11 || 29-967 || 42-0| 40-5 || Ia.: ral
1} 29-877 | 41-2} 38-3) Id.: id. 12|| 29-974 | 40-8) 39-7|| Ia.: AGL
_ 2)) 29-868) 41-1) 38-7 | Clear: cirro-cumuli. 13 || 29-970 || 41-5 | 40-5 || Much cirrous haze.
3) 29-854) 40-6) 38-5] Id.: id. 14 || 29-976 | 41-2) 40-0 || Clear: cumuli.
4) 29-852) 39-8] 37-7 || More overcast : cumuli. 15 | 29-972|| 38-8| 38-2|| Id.: faint traces of Aurora.
5 || 29-842 || 38-2) 36-4 || Clear. 5 16|| 29-980 || 36-8} 36-5 || Ta.
_ 6] 29-835 | 35-6} 34-0) Id.: a few cirri on hor. 17 || 29-983] 35-3] 34-7]! Id.: calm.
7 || 29-836 | 34-6| 33-3] Id.: id. 18 || 29-972 36-8] 36-3] Ia.
8 || 29-834 | 34-0] 33-1 || Very clear. 19 || 29-972] 38-8] 38-0
9}| 29-836] 33-8] 32-6 Td. 20 || 29-971] 43-7) 41-7 |] Id.: haze on horizon.
— 21|| 29-971] 47-8| 45-6
28-947 || 34-5| 32-5 || Clear 22)| 29-975 || 52-7| 47-3|| Id.: nearly calm
28-953 || 33-2| 32-0) Id. 23 || 29-964|| 56-8| 49-1|| Id.: id.
28-951 || 32-7| 31-7 || A few light clouds : lunar halo. | Apr. 21 0 || 29-952|| 59-8} 49-9}) Id.: id.
28-941 || 32-5] 31-5 Id. 1 || 29-945) 63-3] 51-7 || A few linear cirri.
28-919 |) 31-6| 30-8 || Cloudy 2) 29-924 | 65-4| 52-0 || Linear cirri to W. over } of sky.
28-895 || 31-8| 30-9 Td. 3 || 29-912 || 66-2} 52-0 Td,
28-856 || 34-8] 33-0|| Id. 4 || 29-897 || 67-8| 52-7 || Diffuse cirri over sky.
28-832 || 34-5) 33-4 Id.: wind rising. 5 || 29-890 | 66-4] 55-8 Id.
28-831 || 35-7| 34-1]| Id.: light wind. 6 || 29-887 || 65-1) 55-3 Id.
28-821 || 34-4| 32-9 || Clouds breaking: mod. wind. 7 || 29-892) 62-4) 55-4 Id.
28-856 34-7 32-8 || Snow. 8 || 29-893 57- 1| 53-0 Nearly coverad with cir.-cum and cir-.str.
28-864 || 34-5| 33-7 || Open sky: cumuli. 9 || 29-896 || 55-7 | 52-3 Id.

Gottingen
Mean Time
of
Observation.

B

"
bo ho

SOW ON www OF
no to

coocococeo

Banro-
METER
Corrected.

in.
29-126
28-849
28-912
30-180
30-233
30-190
30-195

29-517 |
29-697 |

STATE OF THE Sky.

May 27

0
0)
0
0
0
0 |
0
0|
0
0
0
0|
0
0
0|
0
0
0
0
0!
0 |
0
0
0}

29-661 |

29-665
29-669
29-667
29-662
29-663
29-660

29-650 |

29-665
29-667
29-682
29-688
29-681
29-687
29-692,
29-695
29-699
29-704
29-708
29-718
29-721
29-723

| 29-722

29-730

oCouumooooocecoc

ue

29-710
30-187
29-555
29-349
29-340
29-336
29-334
29-331
29-314
29-301
29-282
29-288
29-311
29-320
29-318
29-316

Clouds moving from

Quan-

tity of Species of Clouds, &e.
Clouds.

Light rain.
Rain.

Cumuli.
Cumuli and cirri.

Cirri.

Cirri to N., pointing NNE.
Tdi: id. N.
Gb e id.
Toys moving off to E.

Cirri : cirro-strati.
Cirro-strati to E.
Clear.

Id.

Overcast : light breeze.
Clearing : id.

Cumuli.
Id.
Id.
Id.
Cumuli in ranges round horizon.
Id.

Cumuli :
Id. :
Id. :

E by N: SSW:0.

Light showers during the day.
Linear cirri.

Seud.

Scud and cumuli: cirro-cumuli. y
Id. : id. : linear ¢}

As at 235, passing showers.

Send and cum. : cirri, &c.: towering cum.)

Cum. : nimbi: cirri, &e.

Cum.: nimbi: cirri: thunder-storm ; |

Ninbi, &e.: thunder : light rain,

Nimbi: heavy rain: thunder-storm. |

Nimbi: distant thunder.

Nimbi and seud : cirro-strati, &e,

Cirro-cumulous scud : nimbi and scud

ns
ocoooonooo

29-348
29-407
29-420
29-428
29-424
29-431
29-436
29.442
29-463

Seud : cum.-str.: cir.-str.: cirri.
Id. : id. : id. : id.
Cumuli: reticulated cirri.

Td: id.

Id. : cirri.

Id.: cir-haze: fibrous cirri.

Id.: cir.-haze chiefly, cir-cum.
Cum. on hor. : cirri.
Cirro-cumuli to S.: cirri and cum

TrRM-DAY AND ExtTrRA METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, JUNE 22—JuLy 20. 1842. 113

THERMOME- WIND. STATE OF THE Sky.
TERS.

Quan-
tity of Species of Clouds, &c.
Clouds.

aaa Clouds movin;
Corrected. Wet. Direction. ou eae ing

in.
29-467 . “ P Clouds on hor.: clear in zen.
29-472 : : 5 : Cumuli, &c. to S.
29-474 . : “ -O0 | Chiefly large cirro-cumuli.
29-473 : 3
29-477 | : : Cirri to E.
29-471 Y : . : Td.
29-476 : : . Linear eirri to E.
29-480
29-493
29-493
29-489
29-480
29.472
29-471
29-457
29-447 : : Cumuli, chiefly on hor. : cirri.
29-438 : : : : Cumuli on hor. : cirri: cir-haze.
29-434 : - D . Id. : id. id.
29-418 . 5
29-386 . D B Id.
29-356 : ° .
29-322 : : : Seud.
29-288 : D : Id.
29-249

29-207 o : Cumuli.

29-930 - p -0 | Fine cir.-cum. radiating from NW.
29-647 : : h SW : 0. . Seud : cir.-cum.

29-707 : . W:0. 02} Scud : cirro-strati: cirri.

29-382 . . Scud: cirri: light rain.
29-386 - : : Rain.

29-386 : :

29-395 . : Fi Seud : cumuli.
29-398
29-408
29-415 : . . : Seud : cumuli: rain.
29-436 : : . 5 Cumuli: cirri.

29-465 : 5 5 Cum. : cir.-cum. : cir.-str.
29-501 : : : Cumuli.

29-530 : : : -5 | Cumuli: large cirro-cumuli.
29-561
29-601
29-606 ¢
29-636 : : : Seud : rain.
29-382 : “ . Id.

29-364
29-345
29-329
29-308 : 2 c -0 | Seud: light rain.
29-286
29-261 . : : Seud.

29.237 : . E . Id., moving quickly.
29-222 :
29-200 3: : 5 Cumuli: thick cirrous haze.
29-190 “ : : ns id.

29-166 . : : Tain.

coooocooooocoooocoooocoocococoecoeoo“eo

29-438 = - F Indefinable mass : showers.
29-716 : . : Seud: cirro-cumuli: linear cirri.

29.629 :
11 0} 29-637 : -8 | Breaking to N.

G. AND MET. OBS. VOL, I. 2F

114 Trerm-Day anD ExtRA METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, JULY 20—SEPTEMBER 21. 1842,

+2 THERMOME- WIND. STATE OF THE Sky.
Gottingen nye TERS. i
Mean Time rar Esti- - A Quan-
Ea . Gemected | snatad Direction. See a ae, tity of Spaciesiof Cloud
Observation. ‘ I Dry. | Wet. aera from Clouds. pecies of Clouds, &ec.
da. oh. m. in. 2 0—6. 0—10.
July 2012 0]| 29-648 |} 52-0 | 49-6 || 0-2 10-0
13 0] 29-645 51:8 | 50-3 0-0 10-0
14 0] 29-637 | 51:6 | 49-9 || «.-... 10-0
15 0|| 29-634 | 51-4 | 49-4 | 0-0 10-0
16 0] 29-623 | 51-4 | 49-4 | 0-3 9-0
17 0|| 29-619 || 50-5 | 49-0 || 0-0 7-0 | Cirro-cumuli.
18 0] 29-620 | 53-7 | 50-4 || -..-.- 2-0 Id. : cirri. )
19 0}| 29-613 | 56:0 | 51-6 | 0-3 2-0 | Loose cumuli: cirri to N.
20 0]) 29-616 | 56-6 | 52-7 | 0-3 N by E. 2-0 | Cumuli: haze to SE.
21 0] 29-621 || 56-0 | 52-0 || 0.3 N by E. 3-0
22 0] 29-614 || 57-4 | 51-9 || 0-3 N by E. 3-0
23 0 || 29-627 || 58-6 | 52-9 | 0-8 | Nby HE. | Nby®:ENE:0,| 6-0 | Two currents of loose cumuli: cirro-cumuli
July 21 0 O]] 29-643 | 58-3 | 52-2 | 1:0 | NbyE. 4-0 | Loose cumuli.
1 0} 29-646 | 58-6 | 52-6 || 1-5 N by EB. 4:0 Id.
2 0] 29-649 || 58-8 | 52-7 || 0-5 N by B. 9-0 Id.
3 0] 29-646 |} 57-7 | 51-9 1-0 N by E: NNW. 7-0 | Send: cumuli.
4 0) 29-650 || 60-0 | 53-0 || 0-5 5-0 Id.
5 0|| 29-651 || 58-0 | 50-9 || 0-5 2-0
6 0|| 29-659 || 58-8 | 51-7 || 0-5 2-0 Id.
7 O|| 29-667 || 57-1 | 51-0 || 1-0 N by B. 1-0 Id.
8 0] 29-682 | 55-0 | 49-5 || 0-8 1-0 Td.
9 0|| 29-697 || 51-8 | 47-4 || 0-5 | Nby BE. 1:0 | Piles of craggy cumuli from N. to SE.
10 O}| 29-713 | 51-6 | 47-6 || 1-3 N? NNE. 4-0 | Mass of loose cumuli.
Aug.19 6 0 || 29-569 || 67-1 | 63-8 || 0-0 10-0 | Cirrous clouds and haze.
7 0|| 29-521 || 67-6 | 62-7 || 0-2 SSW. 10-0 | Loose cum. cir.-haze.
8 0|| 29-523 || 65-6 | 62-3 | 0-0 10-0 | Cirrous clouds and haze.
Aug.2610 0|| 29-847 | 54-9 | 53-2 || 0-0 10-0
11_0]| 29-852 } 54-9 | 53-1 || 0-2 NE. 10-0
12 0]] 29-851 | 54-8 | 53-0 || 0-2 NE. 10-0
13 0}| 29-853 | 54-9 | 53-0 | 0-2 NEL 10-0
14 0|| 29-850 || 54-9 | 53-5 | 0-0 10-0
15 0|| 29-847 || 55-0 | 53-7 || 0-0 10-0
16 0] 29-841 } 54-9 | 53-6 || 0-0 10-0
17 0|} 29-838 || 55-0 | 53-7 || 0-0 10-0
18 0] 29-847 || 55-2 | 53-5 || O-1 10-0
19 0] 29-853 |} 55-0 | 53-3 || 0-2 10-0
20 0] 29-861 || 55-6 | 53-4 || 0-3 NE. 10-0 | Seud.
21 0} 29-866 || 56-5 | 53-5 || 0-5 NE. 9-9 | Id.: cirro-eumuli.
22 0] 29-866 }| 58-1 | 54:8 ] 0-6 Sx) Lda id.
23 0|| 29-864 || 59-0 | 54-8 || 0-3 NE. 8-0 | Id.: id.
Aug.27 0 0/|| 29-857 || 60-6 | 55-7 || 0-3 NE. 8:0 | Id.: id.
1 0] 29-850 || 61-6 | 56-0 | 0-3 NE. Tb Wy Uh id.
2 0|| 29-849 || 63-9 | 57-7 || 0-8 NE. 5-0 | Id.: id.
3 0] 29-848 | 63-7 | 58-1 || 0-8 NNE. 3-58
4 0|| 29-841 || 62-9 | 57-1 | 0:3 NE. 4-0
5 0|| 29-839 || 63-8 | 57-0 || 0-3 NNE. 5-0
6 0] 29-837 || 62-6 | 56-4 | 0-5 NNE. 9:0 | Patches of seud : loose eumuli.
7 0} 29-846 | 60-5 | 56-0 | 0-3 NNE 8-0 1G4 id.
8 0O|| 29-858 || 57-9 | 53-8 || 0-0 BE. 6-0 | Loose eymuli.
9 O|| 29-868 || 54-5 | 52-4 || 0.0 4-0 | Cirro-cumuli.
10 0] 29-872 | 53-7 | 51-7 || 0-0 9-7
Sept. 2 9 0|} 29-819 | 63-0 | 61-2 || -..--- 10-0 | Scud.
Sept.2019 0O|] 29-302 | 41-9 | 41-3 || 0-0 10-0 | Homogeneous mass : light mist.
20 0|| 29-312 || 43-4 | 42-8 || 0-0 i. 10-0 | Scud, &c.: heavy mist.
21 O}} 29-321 | 44-4] 43-8 | 0-0 10-0 | Homogeneous: rain since 20" 30,
22 O}} 29-342 | 45-8 | 45-4 || 0-0 BE: N. 10-0 | Two currents of seud > light rain.
23 0|| 29-346 | 49-0 | 48-0 || 0-0 NE? 9-5 | Seud: nimbi?: smart shower.
Sept.21 0 0|| 29-338 || 51-8 | 49-7 || 0-2 Various. 5-0 | Scuds: cir.-cum: cum.
1 0|| 29-331 |} 54-9 | 52-9 || 0-2 NNE. ||NNE:SW:WNW.| 4:5 | Scud: cumuli.

~Trrm-DAy AND ExTRA METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, SEPTEMBER 21—Noy. 19. 1842. 115
te

THERMOME- WIND. STATE OF THE Sky.
Baro- TERS.
Saran see Di . Clouds moving ae :
Corrected. Dry. Wet. ahi irection. ond Gi Ae Species of Clouds, &e.
a h.,m. in. = © 0-6. 0-10.
21 2 0O|| 29-331 || 56:0 | 50-7 | 0-3 NE. NE. 3-0 | Scud : cumuli.
‘ 3 0]|| 29-327 56-1 | 49-8 || 0-6 NE. S: various. 6-0 Tdi: id. : cirri.
4 0] 29-329 || 55-5 | 49-9 || 0-3 ENE. NbyE:NE:S. | 7-0 | Id.: cirro-cumuli.
5 O|| 29-332 || 54-1 | 49-5 | 0-3 NE. NW: SSE. 8-0 | Two currents of cirro-cumuli: cum. on hor.
6 0O|| 29-338 || 52-7 | 49-0 || 0-2 7-5 | Send: large loose cir.-cum, moving very slowly: cum.
7 O|| 29-350 || 49-6 | 48-4 || 0.0 NE? 6-0 | Send: cirro-cumuli: thunder to S. at 6" 30,
8 0] 29-352 || 46-5 | 45-8 || 0-0 5-0 | Cirro-cumuli.
9 0|| 29-354 || 45-4 | 44-8 | 0-0 9:0 | Cir.-cum. to E.: heavy cum, to W.

10 0] 29-360 || 46-8 | 46-2 || 0-0 NE. 9:0 | Cir.-cum.: cumuli on hor.

1l 0] 29-364 || 47-0 | 46-3 || 0-0 NE. 8-0 | Cirro-cumuli: seud.

12 0] 29-361 || 43-8 | 43-6 || 0-0 NE. 8-0 | Scud and loose cumuli.

13 0] 29-361 44-0 | 43-5 0-0 NE. 75 Id.

14 0]| 29-365 || 44-2 | 43-8 | 0-0 NE. 6-5 Id.

15 0} 29-349 || 45-2 | 44-6 0-0 NNE 7-0 Id. cum. on NE. hor.

16 0]|| 29-345 || 46-3] 45-4 | 0-0 NNE 9-0 Id. : id.

17 0|| 29-344 | 45-4] 44.9 | 0.0 N. 6-0 | Large cirro-cumuli and cumuli.

18 0]| 29-341 || 45-8 | 45-6 || 0-0 NE. 9-7 | Scud: cir.-haze.

19 0] 29-346 || 48-4 | 47-0 | 0-0 NE: SSE. 9-7 | Two currents of scud : cir.-haze.

20 0|| 29-345 || 49-9 | 47-9 || 0-0 NE: SSE. 10-0 Id. : id.

21 0O|| 29-336 || 51.8 | 48-9 || 0.3 N. N. 8-0 | Seud: cirri: much cirrous haze.

22 0]| 29-345 52-7 | 49-3 0-5 N. N. f 10-0 | Seud.

23 0]|| 29-344 || 54-0 | 48-6 || 0-5 N. 10-0 | Cumuli on hor.: breaking.

22 0 0O|| 29-339 | 54-0 | 48-8 || 0-5 N. 10-0 ig id.
1 O|| 29-336 | 54-9 | 49-3 || 0.5 N. N. 10-0 | Scud: much cirrous haze.
2 0] 29-333 |} 55-0 | 49-1 | 0-5 N. N. 10-0 | Id: id.
3 0/]| 29-313 55-1 | 49-6 0-5 N. 10-0 Id. : id.
4 0|| 29-301 || 54-2 | 49.6 | 1-0 10-0 | As at 35, a few drops of rain.
5 0|| 29-297 || 52-9) 48-5 | 0.3 N. 10-0 | Seud: rain.
6 0O|| 29.295 51-1 | 47-8 0-3 10-0 Tis ak,
7 O|| 29-283 || 50-1 | 47-1 || 0-8 N. 10-0 | Id.: light rain.
8 0|| 29-284 || 48-9 | 46-8 ] 0-4 N. 10-0 | Id.
9 0O}| 29-271 || 48:5 | 46-6 || 0-5 NNW. 10:0 | Id.: smart shower.
10 0|| 29-252 || 48-4 | 46-8 || 0-5 N? 10-0 | Id.: heavy rain.
meg || 29-429 || 47:91 44-S.) nwe | 9 fh wwe
910 0|| 29-294 |) 34-4 | 31-5 | 0-4 WNW. 1-0 | Linear and woolly cirri: cum. on hor.
11 O| 29-287 || 32-8 | 30-6 || 0-56 | W by N. 0-5 | Clouds on horizon.

12 0|| 29-296 || 33-2 | 30-5 || 0-4 Ww. 0-3 id cumuli ?

13 0|| 29-314 || 32-6 | 30-1 || 0-3 | WoyN. 0-0

14 0|| 29-316 | 30-6 | 29-4 || 0-0 0-0

15 0|| 29-311 | 30-1 | 28-8 | 0-3 W byS. 0-0 | Cumuli on NE. hor.: lunar corona.

16 0] 29-314 | 27-5 | 27-3 | 0-0 0-0 Id.: id.

(17 0|| 29-316 || 27-2 | 26-6 || 0-0 0-0 | Lunar corona.

18 0] 29-328 | 29-7 | 28-1 || 0-0 0-0 | A few clouds on EK. hor. : faint corona.

19 0] 29-331 |) 27-2 | 26-6 || 0-0+ 0-0
20 0|| 29-340 || 29-7 | 28-3 | 0-0 1-0 | Heavy cumuli on E. hor.

21 0) 29-354 33-5 | 30-9 || 0-0 1-0 Id.

22 0] 29-360 || 34-9 | 33-0 | 0-3) |SW by W. 1-0 | Fine cumuli on E. hor. : cir.-cum in zen.
23 «0) 29-377 || 39-5 | 35-3 | 0-3 | Whbys. N by W: W. 2-0 | Loose cum. : loose cir.-cum.: towering cum.
0 0 0} 29-385 || 41-0} 35-6 | 0-5 | N by w. Nw. 1:0 | Cumuli round horizon. (on. E. hor. }.
1 0O|| 29-385 || 41-0 | 35-0 | 0-5 | N by w. Ww. 1-5 Id.

2 0|| 29.397 || 41-7 | 35-5 | 0-8 | N by W. Nw. 2.0 Id.
3 0] 29-394 42.2 | 35-7 || 0.7 NW? 1-5 Id.
4 0|| 29-412 41-7 | 35-5 0-3 | NW byN. 1-5 Id.
5 0|| 29-432 || 39-5 | 34-4 || 0-3 NNW. 2-0 | Cumuli on NE. and S$. hor..
6 0|| 29-469 || 34.3 | 30-9 | 0.3 NNW. 2-0 Id.
7 0} 29.487 || 33-5 | 30-9 || 0-0 0-3 Id.
8 0} 29-490 || 33-0 | 30-6 || 0-0 0-3 Id.
9 0} 29.529 34.4 | 31-4 0-3 NNW. 0-3 Td.
10 0|| 29-553 || 32-4 | 29-8 || 0-3 | N by W. 0-3 Id.
PONIES S SSS Nas Biles OMe | Pe Mm la
1 8 0|| 29-475 | 46-6 | 45-6 || 0-5 10-0 | Wind rising.

116 TrermM-DAy AND ExTRA METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, Nov. 25—Dec. 22. 1842.

aa 5 THERMOME- ANEMOMETER,. STATE OF THE Sky.
Gottingen Baroe TERS.
Sea METER Pressure Quan-
oe Corrected: = ———_| Diredtion! |) “\Cloudsimoying tity of Species of Clouds, &e.
Observation, Dry. Wet. |l\tax./pres,| of Wind. from Glouda: 5
GE diay sik in. i 5 lbs. | Ibs. 0—10,
Nov. 2510 0|| 28-641 41-2 39-8 || 1-5 | 0-5 ENE, 9-5 | Scud.
11 0} 28-644 | 40-9 | 40-0 | 0-5 | 0-0 8-5 Id.
12 0)}| 28-646 || 41-6 | 40-4 |0-0 | 0-0 10-0 Id.
13 0|| 28-646 41-3 | 40-7 | 0-0 |0-0 10-0 Id.
14 0] 28-644 40-5 39-9 | 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 Id. : light shower.
15 0|| 28-645 39-1 38-7 | 0-0 | 0-0 8-7 Id. Rs
16 0} 28-659 | 38-0 | 37-6 ||0-0 | 0-0 5-0 Id.
17 0}| 28-662 36:7 | 36-0 ||0-0 | 0-0 7-0 Td.
18 0} 28-671 || 37-3 | 36-6 | 0-0 |0-0 10-0 Id.
19 0O|| 28-674 37-2 | 36-6 | 0-0 | 0-0 10:0 el v
20 0| 28-678 37-4 | 36-7 | 0-0 |0-0 SE by E. 9-9 Id. : hazy : red to E.: showers. :
21 0) 28-686 | 37-9 | 37-4 ||0-3 | 0-0 SE? 9:9) | di adie eeesadic cum. on E. hor
22 0} 28-694 | 38-5 | 37-8 | 0-0 | 0-0 9-0 | Sky to 8.
23 0|| 28-700 || 39-0 | 38-5 || 0-0 |0-0 8-0 | Sky in zen. : heavy clouds in hor.
Nov. 26 0 0|| 28-713 39-7 | 39-1 |00 |0-0 SE? 10-0 | Seud.
1 Oj} 28-711 39-7 | 39-2 | 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 Id. : hazy.
2 0] 28-711 40-2 | 39-5 |0-0 | 0-0 10-0 Ide ade
3 0|| 28-710 40-5 | 39-3 |0-0 | 0-0 10-0 Id.
4 0] 28-725 | 40-5 | 39-5 | 0-0 |0-0 S by E. 9-7 | Cirro-cumulous seud: sky to 8.
5 0} 28-731 || 39-9 | 39-3 || 0-0 |0-0 10-0 | Dense seud.
6 0) 28-743 40-5 | 39-4 | 0-3 | 0-3 ESE. 10-0 Id,
7 O|| 28-759 40-5 | 39-1 | 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 Td.
8 0] 28-775 40-0 | 39-4 |0-0 | 0-0 10-0 IGS rain.
9 0 28-795 39:9 | 39-4 | 0-3 | 0-0 10-0 | Very dark.
10 0] 28-814 39-8 | 39-0 || 0-3 | 0-0 7-0 Id.
Dec. 9 7 0|| 30-188 | 44-5 | 44.2 /0.0 |0.0 | wee 10-0
Dec. 20 20 0|| 29-979 || 48-0 | 46-6 || 3-3 | 0-0 WNW. 3-0 | Fine cirri: cirrous cirro-eumuli.
21 0)|| 29-979 || 47-2 | 43-6 ||0-5 | 0-3 SSW WNW. 1-5 | Fine cirrous clouds : mottled cir. : cir.-st
22 0|| 29-987 || 44-9 | 43-2 ||0-8 | 1-5 SSW WNW. 3:0 | Cirro-cum.: varieties of cirri.
23 0) 29-993 || 47-4 | 44-9 ||0-8 |0-5 | SSW WNw. 8-0 | As before : eymoid-cirri at 23" 30™,
Dec. 21 0 0|| 29.984 || 48-6 | 45-8 || 1-0 |0-8 SW. WNw. 9-0 | Large woolly cir.-cum. : cir.-str.: cir. —
1 0|| 29-978 || 49-9 | 47-2 1-5 |0-8 | SWv Ww? 10-0 | Scud: semi-fluid cir.-str.: sky troubled |
2 0] 29-963 | 50-5 | 47-4 1-5 |0-5 SW 10-0 | Id.: cir.-clouds unevenly spread.
3 0} 29-938 50:8 | 48-8 | 1-3 | 1-3 SW. ||WSW:SW:WNW.) 10-0 | Scuds: thick cir.-clouds.
4 0]| 29-917 || 51-3 | 49-4 2-0 | 1-3 SW. sw: W:W 9-0 | Id.: id.: sky troubled lik
5 0}} 29.895 | 51-3 | 49-6 | 1-8 | 1-3 Sw. SW. 9-0 | Id.: id.
6 0] 29-893 50:8 | 49-6 | 2-0 | 1-0 Sw. SW. 10-0 Id.: dark.
7 0} 29-893 || 51-6 | 50-2 || 1-8 | 0-8 Sw. 10-0 | Quite dark.
8 0|| 29-883 || 51-9 | 50-4 | 1-3 | 0-5 Sw. 9-9 | Dark to N.: scud?: cir.-haze.
9 0O]}| 29.844 51:7 50-1 || 2-3 | 1-3 |SW by W 4-0 | Dark.
10 0}| 29.830 52-1 50-4 | 2-0 | 1-8 Sw. SW. 10-0 | Seud: cirri radiating from SE.
11 O}| 29-824 || 52-1 | 50-4 | 2-3 |0-8 SW. 8-0 Id.: sky in zenith.
12 0}| 29-757 || 50-3 | 48-4 | 2-0 | 1-5 SW. Sw. 8-0 | Id. |
13 0} 29-730 | 49-6 | 47-4 | 2-8 | 2-5 SW. 9-0 Td. : cirri. 4
14 0]|| 29.753 || 49-0 | 46-6 | 3-0 | 1-8 Sw. SW. 8-0 | Id. |
15 0} 29.734 49:0 | 46-5 || 2-8 | 2-5 Sw. 8-0 Id.
16 0|| 29-727 | 49.0 | 46.6 | 2.8 |1.0| sw. 10-0 | Id.
17 0] 29.699 || 49.1 | 46-7 | 1-8 | 1-3 | SW byS. 9-8 | Dark scud.
18 0|| 29-654 |) 48-5 | 45.6 || 3-3 | 3-3 SW. 5-0 | Cirrous clouds on horizon.
19 0}; 29-617 || 48-6 | 45-6 {13-0 | 2-3 sw. 5-0 Id.
20 0} 29-606 | 49-4 | 46-4 4.5 |2.0| sw 10-0 | Seud.
21 0|/ 29.585 || 49.4 | 46.4 || 3.0 |2-:0 | ssw SW. 10-0 | Id. Hy
22 0] 29-568 || 48.6 | 46.6 |3-5 |1-8 | SW SW. 10:0 | Id.: cirrous clouds, [el
23 0]|) 29.526 || 49.2} 47.1 | 2.8 |2.8 SW 9-9 | Smoky scud very low and quickly : ei
Dec. 22 0 0]| 29-482 | 49.5 | 47.2 | 4.8 | 5.3 SW, Sw. 9-7 | Scud moving rapidly.
1 0}| 29-457 || 49.3 | 47-1 | 5.0 |3-0 SW SW. 9-0 | Scud: cirrous clouds.
2 0}| 29-448 || 50-5 | 47-4 || 7-0 | 3-0 SW 1-5 Tal: id.
3 0|| 29-431 | 49.4 | 47.1 || 3.8 | 2-8 SW 8-0 | Heavy rain: sky to N.
4 0) 29.402 || 48.6 | 45.4 | 4.5 | 3:3 SW. 1-5 | Cumuli on horizon.
5 0} 29-404 47-9 | 45-1 3-5 | 1-5 SW. 10-0 | Seud: light rain.
6 0O|| 29-392 || 46.4 | 43.7 | 2.5 | 1-5 10:0 | Id.: dark.
7 O|| 29-384 44-6 | 42.8 | 2.3 | 1-3 2-0
8 0] 29-354 || 44.8 | 42.5 | 5.5 | 2.0 SW. 8-0 | Sky near horizon.
9 0|| 29-334 44-6 | 41-7 | 2-5 | 2.0 7-0 | Seud.
10 0 43-8 | 41-5 15-3 |4-3 7-0 Id. : light rain.

REMARKS ON THE WEATHER.

May—Decrmeer, 1842.

MAG, AND MET. OBS. VOL I.

26

118 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER. 1842.

MAY.

1 20—2 5. 20", Clouds beginning to break. 23%, Sky milky: a few cirro-strati to S. 2%. Cumuli,
separated into distinct masses. 5, Cumuli, principally on W. and NW. horizon.

2 20—3 5. 208, Sky milky in E., almost becoming cirro-strati. 23%. Detached cumuli rising in SE. : fine
bands of cirro-cumuli stretching from S by E to NW., forming ares of large radius. 2. Large
masses of cumuli rising from S.E: extremely hazy to SE. 35, The upper strata of cumuli sepa-
rating from each other approach nearer and nearer the zenith, each cumulus having a cirrous tail,
which first points W., then NNW.: large masses of cumuli from the E. hurrying past to NNW.,
while the cirro-cumuli are slowly progressing across the zenith to ENE. 5. Cumuli, looking
very electric, small spaces of milky blue seen between.

3 20—4 5. 20%, Heavy black cumuli, 232. Skyseenin NW. 2. Heavy detached cumuli. 5. Cumuli
round horizon : a few linear cirri.

4 20—5 8. 20", Light drizzle of rain. 23%, Cumuli, tendency to openin SE. 2. Masses of black clouds.
8". Light rain.

5 20—6 8. 20", A small opening in SE. by E. 23", Cumuli and seud: heavy shower. 2". Detached
cumuli and scud. 5", Black cumuli and scud. 8", Rain.

6 20—7 6. 20", Cumuli and scud. 23"—2. Heavy rain. 5", Heavy rain: clouds moving rapidly : oc-
casional pieces of sky.

8 20—9 5. 20". Sky in N. and W. horizon: cumuli, &c.: linear cirri above stationary. 23"—5".
Cumuli.

9 20--10 5. 20%, A few linear cirri to E. 23. Detached cumuli, principally to SE. 2"—5», Cumuli.

10 20—11 5. 20%. Sky mostly covered with diffuse cirri: a few cirro-strati: the wind does not extend to
the cirri: one or two diffuse cumuli, rising from S8. and SW. 23. Two-tenths of the sky
covered with cirro-cumuli: four-tenths cumuli: and one-tenth thin cirri, 2". Electric-looking
cumuli lowest: diffuse cirro-cumuli above stationary: linear cirri highest: stationary, 5%. A
heavy shower of rain.

11 20—12 5. 20%. A smart shower, raining from 20" till 23%. 2". Heavy cumuli, moving very slowly :
diffuse cirri above stationary. 5". Cumuli.

12 20—13 5. 20%. Principally cirro-cumuli: a few connected ranges of cumuli: to the North the ill-defined
cirro-cumuli form a great bay, almost half an ellipse; there is a portion of a similar bay to the
S. of W. 28". Diffuse cirro-cumuli: the sky almost covered with a haze : a few cirro-strati: one
or two cumuli rising. 2%. Irregular cirro-cumuli: masses of cumuli rising from S., SE., and SW.,
proceeding slowly towards NW.: sky very hazy: the sun projects a faint shadow. 5%. A few
cumuli below quite detached : like buttermilk above, and in many places like that liquid agitated.

13 20—14 5. 204. Clouds motionless: a large kind of flaky cirro-cumuli: the sky covered with haze, in some
places approaching to cirrus, towards the East it is quite milky : the sun projects a faint shadow.
23", Cumuli round horizon, excepting about E., where there is a dense haze: the whole sky is
very milky: the sun projecting a moderately dark shadow : occasionally a puff of wind. 5. Sky
covered with haze: no clouds.

15 20—16 5. Sky not so milky as on the last three days, 23. A few cumuli on NNW. horizon, and a few
patches of cirri, 2, Cumuli on WNW. and SSE. horizon. 5, Cumuli on §. horizon,

16 20—17 5. 20". Overcast. 23". Cumuli, disappearing rapidly. 2. Very detached cumuli round horizon :
a mass of cirri to N., with the concave side to SW.: faint linear cirri, &c. over the sky. 5". Cirri,
principally to S., with the concave side to NW.

17 20—18 5. 20". Overcast. 23", Cumuli in the zenith, about four-tenths of ill-defined cirro-cumuli: sky
hazy: clouds breaking. 2, Principally cumuli, and a few cirro-strati on horizon : a few patches
of ill-defined cirro-cumuli in zenith. 5. Ranges of cumuli round horizon from SE. round by S.
to NE. : a few patches of cirro-cumuli.

18 20—19 5. Overcast throughout the day.

19 20—20 5. 20", Cumuli: mixed and linear cirri to N., and in zenith. 23". Cumuli much dispersed : —
cirri above stationary. 2". Principally heavy cumuli rising in S., proceeding North, looking very —
electric in S. and E. 5". Cumuli and nimbi: rain to E. and 8. |

20 20—21 6. 20. A few cumuli: large diffuse cirro-cumuli stationary. 23". Cumuli: a few patches of sky —
toN. 2, Cumuli. 5%. Overcast. : 4

The column “ Species of Clouds, &c.”’ in the Meteorological Observations after May 1. 1842, is an abstract of the Remarks given Be
i

here, which are frequently too lengthy to have been printed along with the other Meteorological Observations. *

= dad h ad
22 20—23

23 20—24

24 20—25
25 20—26
26 20—27

10—28

20—30

20—31
20—31

2—1
20—2

2 20—3

3 20-4

5 20—6
6 20—7

7 20—8

8 20—9

5.
23.

ea

REMARKS ON THE WEATHER. 1842. 119

MAY.

20%, A smart shower beginning to fall. 23. Heavy rain began at 22"45™. 2. Cumuli,
principally on horizon. 5". Cumuli.

20". Cirri and cirro-strati: a few cumuli appearing to SE. 28%. Principally cumuli round
N. horizon, with large black watery looking masses rising from S.: sky quite covered with a dense
haze: the sun projects only a faint shadow : a few clouds like cirro-strati to 8. and E. 25, Over-
cast. 65. Like cirro-strati, with cumuli near horizon, calm, all as if arrested in their progress.

204, Overcast. 23%. Cumuli: clouds openingto S. 2". Cumuli: linear cirri above stationary :
clouds looking electric. 5%. Sky covered with nimbi: loud thunder : brilliant flashes of lightning,
followed by heavy rain: quite dark to 8S.

205. A dense mist lies over the ground. 234. Heavy black cumuli: clouds still looking elec-
tric. 2%. Cumuli moving from §., and lying in thick ranges round horizon, 5". Black cumuli:
sky to NW.

20%. Overcast: foggy. 23". Dark cumuli: a speck of blue to NE. 2%, Cumuli: beautiful
ranges of cumuli round horizon: the sky in patches here and there. 55, Cumuli in ranges round
horizon : beautiful vertebrated cirri lying from SW. across E. of zenith to NE. ; the lines of cirri
beautifully fine, like some woven wool; these appear stationary, or nearly so, while a lower current
carries parallel flocks of cirri moving to NE., but lying at right angles to the direction of the others,
thus giving the appearance of vertebre.

108, Cirri and cirro-strati. 115, Principally linear cirri to N. pointing NNE. 12”. The same
directed to N. 13%. The same radiating from N. 14%. The same moving off to E. 16". Cirro-
strati and cirri. 17%, Cirro-strati to E. 185—19®. Clear. 20". Overcast: light breeze. 21".
Clearing : still cloudy : wind as before. 23%—2. Cumuli. 3". Cumuli in ranges round horizon.
4b__5h. Gumuli, &c. on horizon. 6". Cumuli and cirro-strati. 75. Cumulo-strati and cirro-strati.
84, Cirro-strati over two-tenths of sky, cumuli one-tenth.

204, Watery looking cumuli rising from SW. and creeping across to NE. : cirro-strati and cirro-
cumuli to NE. : very rainy like to SE. 28". As at 20", a few specks of cirro-cumuli. 2. Cumuli
and nimbi: showers going round: masses of feathery cirri stationary. 5". Cumuli and nimbi: a
light shower passing.

2089235. Cumuli. 2%. Cumuli: a few fine linear cirri above. 5. Watery looking cumuli.

20%. Beginning to break : cirri and cirro-strati. 23>. Cumuli and linear cirri.

JUNE.

2». Cumuli. 5. Scud: light showers passing over.

204, Cirri to E.: a few detached specks of cumuli rising from SE, 235. Cumuli, with a few
reticulated and other cirri, all moving slowly. 2h, Cumuli scattered over the whole sky: a few
cirri. 55. Detached cumuli: a few cirri.

204, Clear. 23%. Cirro-strati edged with cirri and cirro-cumuli: a few cumuli. 2", Cumuli.
55. Cumuli and a few diffuse cirri.

204. Cirri nearly linear, proceeding from large cirrous nests: a few specks of cirro-cumuli.
23. Detached cumuli: mixed and linear cirri and cirro-cumuli above. 2. Cumuli near horizon
to S. and E.: sky to N. and W., covered with cirrous haze: cirro-strati and cirro-cumuli.
5". Clouds and haze, the sun’s rays appear through the haze so as to cast a faint shadow.

205. Breaking to E. 234, Diffuse cumuli. 52, Cumuli.

208, Thick mist: trees definable at about half-a-mile distant. 23%. Cirri: a few cumuli to S.
2h, Cumuli: sky nearly covered with cirrous haze. 5%. Cumuli: sky still hazy, but cirri less
distinct.

205. A few specks of ill-defined cirri to SW. 23". Cirro-cumuli and linear cirri, 2". A few
detached specks of small cumuli, with a streak of cirro-stratus. 5%. Gusty.

204, Heavy mist: trees definable at about } of a mile. 23%. A few faint streaks of cirri to S.
and SE, 2". A speck or two of cirrus to SW. 5%. Sky on horizon brownish, about 10° alti-
tude, milky, and so up gradually to the deep blue of the zenith.

20%, Principally linear cirri to NE. and SE. 23". Chiefly cumuli from S., round by E. to N.,
edges ragged: nests of cirri. 2". From NE. to SE. horizon a mass of ill-defined, flat, watery-

120

sky to NE. 5%. Cumuli and cirro-strati.

dah tard ash
10) 20—11 5
12 20—13 5
13 20—14 5
14 20—15 5
15 20—16 5
Ga202— 17a

21 20—22 7.

22 7—23 9.

REMARKS ON THE WEATHER. 1842.

JUNE.

looking clouds, from which flaky patches rise and are carried to SW. 54, Scud covered the sky
within an hour.

20". Overcast. 23. Indefinable mass. 2'—5», Clear.

204, Vapoury cumuli. 23%. Clear. 2. Cirro-strati to N. and §.: cumulo-strati to S. 5".
Principally cumuli to S., and cumulo-strati to N.

204, Overcast: light mist. 23". Cumuli and cirro-cumuli, with cirro-strati: hazy to E.
and N. 2", Cumuli and cirro-strati: sky hazy : clouds looking electric. 5". Cumuli: sky in small

atches,

: 20%, Cumuli and cirri: sky to N. 23. Detached cumuli two-tenths: cirri two-tenths. 25.
Cumuli to S.: cirro-strati to N.: 5' Cumulo-strati and diffuse cirri.

20", Cumuli to S.: cirro-strati to N. 23. Very ragged cumuli. 2. Watery-looking cumuli :

208, Cumuli: cirri: breaking, 23", Cumuli and cirro-strati. 2%. Cumuli. 5". Cumuli: a
few cirri.

20", Cumuli and cirro-strati: a few streaks of blue. 23. Cumuli and diffuse cirro-cumuli and
cirro-strati: very watery-looking cumuli sailing very low. 2. Heavy masses of cumuli moving
from SW. : cirro-strati and cumuli aboye. 5%. Heavy black cumuli: cirro-cumuli above stationary.

20%. Quite overcast : clouds apparently moving from about SE.: a few drops of rain, 23". Light
showers. 2%. Cumuli and nimbi: cirro-cumuli above stationary. 5". Watery cumuli or scud :
pitch black to S.: electric looking to E.: cirro-strati above scud to E. stationary.

20%. Scud and nimbi. 9" 30™, Cumuli and nimbi: cirro-cumuli above stationary, 23%—0}.
Cumuli and nimbi: cirro-cumuli and cirro-strati: passing showers at 0. 12. Cumuli and nimbi
moving from SSW.: pinnacled cumuli to N.: cirri, &c. above stationary. 2"—3. Beautifully
pinnacled cumuli and nimbi: cirri above stationary: looking very electric to NE.: clouds near
horizon dark blue, rising gradually to cumuli of the most brilliant white. 4° 0™. Cumuli and
nimbi: thunder and lightning at about 4° of interval: heavy rain ; drops very large when they
first fell, making a circular spot of from 1 to 14 inch in diameter: hail also about } inch in dia-
meter: lower stratum of clouds moving from about E by N.; upper from SSW.; cirri above sta-
tionary ; above the upper nimbi there appears a kind of cirrous mass moving slowly in the same
direction. 4" 10™. The lower stratum appears to move from SE.: storm appears most violent to
SW. and W. : very loud peals of thunder : a long chain of nimbi appears to move in a circle, com-
mencing about NE., and going round by 8. to NW. 4" 15™. The lowest stratum appears to carry
the other with it, the hazy cirrous mass still moving, however, to NE.: to the SSW. large masses
of white cumuli are occasionally seen through the nimbi, and have a beautiful mezzotint appearance
through the rain ; they appear stationary. 45 90™__30™, To the E. masses of cirro-strati are
seen: the storm moves off to NW., the lightning is seen very well in that quarter, long forked
flashes, extending sometimes from SSW. to NNW. 5%, Storm moved off to NW., and again
brewing in SE., where large dark masses of nimbi are seen rising in the white cirrous haze which
covers that part of the sky: light rain: distant thunder. 6%. Almost an entire mass of nimbi :
loud peals of thunder, principally from SSE. ; rather heavy rain: thunder about 8* after lightning.
7» 5™, Clouds more in masses than last hour: nimbi: distant thunder, apparently to SE. and
SSW., and thence to N. 8" 15™, Nimbi, &c. still more broken than last hour : small portion of
sky seen in zenith: round the horizon there is that settled appearance so common after a thunder-
storm, all the clouds at rest as if becalmed in a moment, and spreading in the lightest tints like
yew-tree branches. 8" 45™—55™. Nimbi moving from SE., raining heavily there : a low mass
of diffuse cumuli, breaking into a kind of cirro-cumulus, moves slowly from SW. to NE.

204, Linear cirri: cirro-strati and cumulo-strati stationary: round horizon from N. to SE.
detached masses of watery-edged cumuli, 21". As at 20%, with more cumuli rising. 23", Cumuli:
streaks of cirri round the zenith, crossing at right angles, and pointing NE. and NW. : thin-laced
cirri covers four-tenths of the sky. 0* 5™. Cumuli 7 parts; reticulated cirri 2. 2". Cumuli:
very scattered streaks of cirrus, seen principally to S. 3. Cumuli: cirrous haze to 8.: fibrous
cirri to E., pointing WNW. 5". Cumuli moved off to N.; a few to S.: the greater part of the
sky covered with very thick cirrous haze (very thick to E.) and cirro-cumuli. 6" 40™. A few
cumuli round horizon: remainder of the sky covered with common and linear cirri lying in all
directions, the greater part having their origin to SE., and lying in a sort of curl towards E.

10, Linear cirri to NE., and cumuli to S., cirro-strati to NE. 11", Clouds on horizon: clear

d
23

24
25
26

27

- 28

29

30

h dh
20—24 5.
20—25 5.
—26.
20—27 8.
20—28 8.
20—29 8.
20—30 5.

REMARKS ON THE WEATHER. 1842. 121

JUNE

overhead. 12%. Cumuli to S. 13%. Principally large cirro-cumuli. 15". Linear cirri, chiefly
to E. 16%. Linear cirri and pure cirri having the concave side to S. 17. Linear cirri to E.
26 Cumuli principally on horizon: cirri. 3". Cumuli round horizon, but principally cirri scat-
tered over the sky : thick cirrous haze to 8. and SW. 4®. Cumuli on horizon: remainder of the
sky covered with cirrous haze: very thick to S. and SE.: the sun’s rays scarcely penetrate.
65. Cumuli. 85—9". Scud.

20%. Cumuli moving quickly : sky very hazy to E. : linear cirri to S. stationary: some of the
cumuli very low. 23". Cumuli and haze: linear cirri above: clouds watery and electric-looking :
a few drops of rain. 25". Cumuli moving rapidly : linear cirri : cirro-cumuli and cirro-strati
above stationary : cirrous haze to SSW. rising with cumuli.

20%, Cumuli in different strata: cirro-cumuli. 23%. Scud. 2. Scud: lightrain. 5". Heavy
rain.

(Sunday). The wind changed in the morning from SW.: wind very strong on Saturday night
and Sunday.

208. Small watery ragged cumuli moving quickly : a long compact body of cirro-cumuli over
two-tenths of the sky. 23*—2. Cumuli. 5%. Cumuli, some of them spinning out into cirri and
beautiful cirro-cumuli, which, in some places, are formed of little mats of cirrus, fining off to the
edge, so as to become mottled or waved cirri: to the E. is one mass of cirrus, in which the lines
lie NW. and SE., in other places, to the S. and W. it gets quite thick, so that the separation can
scarcely be distinguished. 8 20°—25™. Most beautiful cirro-cumuli here and there in thick
masses, fine near the edges, with bright blue between, all radiating from NW. to zenith, and from
SE. where they almost become cumuli.

20%. Scud: light rain. 23%, Scud. 5%. Smartshower. 8 30™. Masses of scud moving very
rapidly from SW., shewing occasionally speckled or frosted-looking cirro-cumuli above stationary.

205. Ragged cumuli or scud very low and moving quickly: cirro-cumuli and cumuli above.
235, Scud and cumuli moving quickly : cumuli on horizon : linear cirri in zenith either station-
ary or moving very slowly. 2. Scud. 5%. Cumuli and scud: long streaks of cirri pointing
E. and then S. : clouds electric-looking to E.: the quantity of clouds variable. 8" 35™. Watery-
looking scud edged with cirro-cumuli: large dense masses of cirro-stratus: cirri to S.: the clouds
extend far, haying large open spaces within : many of the clouds like large masses of cedar branches.

20". Cumuli creeping along horizon from W.: linear cirri above cumuli pointing E.: many
patches of watery cumuli rising from about W., pass over near the zenith moving towards ESE. ;
when they approach the meridian they break up into cirrous edges, as if the mass were unravel-
ling itself, and then they get quite detached, some parts appearing motionless, some moving quicker
than others, and often taking very different directions, some proceeding nearly to E., others moving
off to 8. or SSE., till at last they are altogether dissipated ; to the SE. patches are occasionally
seen forming just as the others vanish ; the clouds near the horizon do not appear to pass through
this change. 23%. Cumuli, which appear to move from NW. or NNW., but there still appears
to be two currents, the upper from about W., and the lower from about N ; when near the meri-
dian there is the same tendency to dissipate. 2. Cumuli: the sky hazy: some of the cumuli
very ragged. 5%. Cumuli: cirrous haze.

20—30 23. © 20". Cumuli and cirro-cumuli: linear cirri to NE. 23, Cumuli: hazy to E.: clouds moving

2—1 5.
20—2 5.
20—4 5.
20—5 5.

very slowly.

JULY.

28, Clouds and haze: cumuli very hazy to E. and S.: electric-looking. 5%. Clouds and haze :
thick cirrous haze to W. and 8. : cumuli and cirri: low clouds, like patches of scud moving slowly :
very black'to E.: haze so thick to W. that the sun’s rays scarcely project a shadow; his rays ap-
pear like fine cirri in the cirrous haze ; some portions of the cirri might be termed etched, from
their scratchy appearanee.

205. Cirri and nimbi: light rain. 23", Cumuli and nimbi. 2%, Cumuli and nimbi: rain:
small patches of sky. 5. Cumuli and cirro-cumuli.

205—2), Scud. 5%. A kind of thick haze and cumuli on horizon.

20", Nimbiand cumuli: other clouds above: light rain. 28%. Cumuli: nimbi and scud : a few
patches of sky : immense masses of clouds moving rapidly from about SW.: light rain. 2°. Watery

MAG. AND MET. OBS. VOL. I. 24

122 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER. 1842.

JULY.

cumuli: cirri and masses of thick cirro-strata above: to the SE. is a large hazy mass of clouds
which becomes almost cirrous on the edges, and is cumulion the top. 5". Cumuli moving rapidly :

4 h dh _ linear cirri above stationary.

5 20—6 5. 20", The sky covered with a thick cirrous haze, through which a few patches of sky are seen
to W.: to the NE. dark cirro-cumuli are seen below the haze, and linear cirri here and there: a
few specks of scud or loose cumuli rise from about NNW., and mostly creep along the S. horizon ;
a few along the N. horizon; the haze and other clouds appear stationary. 23. A great portion of
the clouds are patches of cirrous haze; there are also cirro-cumuli, linear cirri, scud and cumuli,
2, Principally ragged cumuli: linear cirri above: hazy cirrito N. and E. 5". Cumuli: a few
linear cirri to NE.

6 20—7 9. 20", A confused mixture, apparently breaking to E. 28". Sky covered with a thick cirrous
haze: quite milky: cumuli on E. and N. horizon. 2. Haze as before, but more cumuli; the
sun projects a faint shadow. 5". Scud and haze: rain. 8 45™. Clouds like puddledock: occa-
sional showers. :

7 20—8 5. 20". Cirro-cumuli: large masses of ragged cumuli rising from SW.: linear cirri to N. 284,
Cirro-cumuli moving slowly : immense piles of cumulo-strati of great length : dark to SSW., where
there appears the nucleus of a storm: patches of scud with the cumuli, 25. Cumuli and nimbi
rising from SSW.: occasional showers. 5". Cumuli, nimbi, and cirrous haze: clearing to S.:
occasional smart showers.

8 20—9 5. 205. Large masses of watery cumuli rolling along slowly: in the E. the rounded masses are
inclined to the horizon at an angle of 45°, and have a most picturesque appearance : cirro-cumuli
seen above: a few patches of sky. 20" 10™. Clouds 9-5, 23. Large masses of cumuli below,
while there is a large kind of cirro-cumuli above : the cumuli have great fantastic forms, and are
much in ranges: patches of sky. 2%. Cumuli and large cirro-cumuli: cumuli in ranges round
horizon : about an hour ago beautiful cirro-cumulo-strati were seen. 5". Cumuli, with large cirro-
cumuli and cirro-strati round horizon ; the cumuli are lowest and move quickly, the others are sta-
tionary.

10 20—11 5. 20". Scud: heavy rain: on the evening of the 10th scud was moving from about W., the lower
current being more rapid than the upper. 23%—2. Scud: heavy rain, 5%. Cumuli and seud :
clouds more broken : a little sky in zenith: showers lately: the air feels warm.

11 20—12 5. 204. Cirri and cirro-strati to E.: the cirriare on the border of the mass of cirro-strati, and in
some places look like foam on a wave; they have their concavity towards the S.: watery-looking
eumuli rising from NNW. 23, Cumuli. 2. Cumuli: clouds in detached masses over the whole
sky. 5%. Cumuli, principally on horizon: a few linear cirri to E.

12 20—13 5. 20%. Cumuliand scud: rain: sunshine half-an-hour ago. 23", Loose cumuli and nimbi moving
quickly : cirro-cumuli above: showers around, 2. Cumuli and scud: cirri and cirrous haze above.
5®, Cumuli and seud.

13 20—14 5, 20, Cumuli and scud: linear cirri and cirro-strati to N. and 8, 23. Ragged cumuli and
cirrous haze. 2%—5", Cumuli.

14 20—15 10. 205. Hazy cirri to N., E., and S.: cirro-cumuli and cirro-strati to W.: two or three masses of
ragged cumuli. 23. Chiefly linear cirri spread in all directions, almost becoming haze to N. and E. :
cirro-cumuli and cumuli moving slowly. 2. Cumuli: woolly cirro-cumuli and cirri: fish-backed
cirro-strati. 5. Flat cirrous-edged cumuli moving very slowly from about WNW. 95 35™, Strange
looking grey cirro-cumuli creeping up from SW. near to the zenith, and E. and W. of it, sending
out small ragged creepers, like the branches of a weeping willow ; the sky to the 8. of the zenith is
quite covered with this, which becomes quite thick to 8., and like irregular cirro-cumuli at 45° alt.

15 20—16 5. 20", Clear: a small patch of linear cirrus to W.: hazy to E. 23", Cumuli dispersed over the
sky, except to N., from which a compact mass extends to ESE. 2. Cirrous masses, from which
the cirri diverge in all directions ; the greatest mass is to NW. 5%. Cirri in fantastic forms, spring-
ing from a thick nucleus to W., and tossed out in all directions ; there is a long feather of cirrus
extending 25° to 30°: linear cirri to SW.

17 20—18 9. 20". Sky covered with cirrous haze and linear cirri, which appear stationary, while masses of
loose cumuli or scud moving slowly from about E. cover seven-tenths of the sky ; the sun’s rays just
project a faint shadow on paper ; the sky was covered by a confused mixture of cirri on the 17th.
235. Cirrous haze and cirro-strati as before, but more cumuli or scud ; the haze seen through the
openings. 2, Cirrous haze as before: cumuli and cumulo-strati. 5%. Less haze: a few cirro-

21

26

| 27

28

(29

31

h d
20—19
20—20
10—20

0—21
20—22
20—23
20—25
20—26
20—27
20—28
20—29
20—30
20—31

REMARKS ON THE WEATHER. 1842. 123

JULY.

cumuli, but the greater part of the sky is covered by scud and cumuli. 8 40™. Seven-tenths of
the sky covered with dark heavy clouds like nimbi (but. no rain), moving from ESE., while in the
higher strata are cirro-cumuli and linear cirri stationary ; the cirrus becomes like thick cobwebs to

h W., while it is quite black to S.: scud below, which appears to move quickest : wind increasing.

5. 20%. Scud. 23". Scud, clouds very thick: wind more in gusts. 2. Scud moving rapidly from
ENE. : cirro-cumuli above moving slowly in the same direction. 5°. Scud: occasional patches of
sky.

5. 205. Light mist, tendency to drizzle. 23*—5*. Clouds moving from NE. 65%, Light drizzle.

23. 11%. Breaking to N., where there are considerable patches of sky. 17%. Cirro-cumuli, 184.
Cirro-cumuli and linear cirri, 19". Loose cumuli anda few linear cirri to N. 20, Cumuli:
haze on SE. horizon. 23", Loose cumuli moving from N by E., and another current from ENE.,
a few cirro-cumuli above, apparently stationary.

10. 02. Loose cumuli. 3%. Cumuli and scud, some with cirrous fringes; one current carries
clouds from N by E., and another from NNW. 4". Loose Cumuli. 9". From N. to SE., one
thick pile of cragey cumuli, lighted by the setting sun, giving all the appearance of snowy Alps
tinted by his glowing rays. 10%. Large mass of loose cumuli moving from about NNE.

5. 205. A mass of loose cumuli: sky to NW. 23%. Loose cumuli: sky principally to NW.
2h Loose cumuli, better defined than before. 5". Detached cumuli to SE.

5. 20". Undefinable mass. 23". Clear, 2. A few specks of cumulito SE.and N. 5". Detached
cumuli to S. and N.

5. 20%, Flaky cumuli. 23%. Cumuli: patches of hazy sky. 2%. Cumuli: sky hazy. 5". Cumuli, &c.,
hazy.

5. 20%. Loose cumuli on horizon: large cirro-cumuli above and in zenith: clouds breaking,
23%. Heavy dark cumuli looking electric to SE.: upper clouds moving very slowly from about
NNE. ; lower current rather quicker from SSE. 2. Heavy black cumuli from about SE.: upper
current from W.: white towering masses of cumuli: a few drops of rain. 5%. Cumuli and cirro-
cumuli, the latter principally to E.: light shower since last observation.

5. 205. Loose cumuli and cirro-cumuli: linear and other cirri and cirrous haze to N. 28". Very
like an approaching storm: a mixture of cirri and cirrous haze: loose and well defined cumuli ;
the cumuli are seen as if at rest in the bluish gray mass to E. and W.; the sky has altogether an
indescribable appearance. 5. Nimbi and more heavy black cumuli: rain to E.: scud creeping up
slowly from W.: cumuli and cirri to N.: wind just sprung up: a patch of sky to N.

5. 205. A sort of blackish-blue mixture, in some places like cedar branches: a few cumuli seen: a
few drops of rain: scud lowest, moving from about NNW. 23, Nearly as before: more long
strings of loose cumuli floating from W.: clouds to NE. lying in all directions: occasional patches
of sky. 2". More muddled than before. 5%. Cumuli principally to E.: patches of cirrous haze
or cirro-stratus edged with cirri: looking stormy to E.: at 4" the clouds moving from E., and a
smart shower of rain.

7. 20%. Loose cumuli, quantity variable. 23>, Heavy loose cumuli: linear cirri above: breaking
to N. 2%, Cumuli: linear and woolly cirri above, both moving from N. 5". Ragged edged
cumuli: cumulo-stratito N. 6"45™, Quantity of clouds 5-5: a kind of cirro-cumulous cirri ; the
cirri are all matted and frizzled, moving from N., but having a sort of lee-way from E.: a lower
current from W. carries a mass of smoky cirrous scud, which appears to have a lee-way to S. : masses
of cirro-strati rising from SW. : on the NE. and SE. horizon are beautiful cumuli and cumulo-strati.

5. 20". Three-tenths of cumuli to E,: four-tenths of fine cirri in zenith and to W.: a few cirri to
SW., apparently moving from W., the other clouds moving from N. 23", Rather loose-edged
cumuli. 2. As before: a kind of snowy cirri above: sky in patches. 5%. As before: patches of
cirrous haze: very thick in zenith and to S.: sky principally on E. horizon, some to N.

28, 20. Linear cirrito N.and E. 235. Cumuli and linear cirri on horizon : small patches of loose
cumuli moving from SSW. across the zenith.

AUGUST.

1 2—1 5. 28, Cumuli principally to E. and S., but moving across the zenith from SW. 5®. Cumuli nearly

as before,

124

dh eu
1 20—2 5.
2 20—3 5
3 20—4 56
4 20—5 5
5 20—6 5
7 20—8 5
8 20—9 5,
9 20—10 5.
10 20—11 5.
11 20—12 5,

12 20—13 6.

14 20—15 5.
15 20—16 5.
16 20—17 5.

REMARKS ON THE WEATHER. 1842.

AUGUST.

208, Sky covered with cirri: a few cumuli to N. 23", Haze and cumuli, 2. Sky hazy:
clouds misty: cumuli, 5". Cirri: sky very hazy, especially on horizon: a few specks of cumuli to
SE. and NE.

20%, Largest kind of cirro-cumuli. 23", Cumuli and cirro-cumuli: hazy to E. 2, Heavy
black and white cumuli: scud below: a few drops of rain; very hazy to E.: a few cirri: electric
and rainy-looking. 5%. Cumuli and scud : haze on horizon: patches of hazy sky.

20"—23", Scud moving rapidly. 2". Cumuli and send: sky in zenith, 55, Cumuli and
scud : cirri above.

20, Scud. 23, Seud: occasional patches of sky and gleams of sunshine: very light drizzle,
2h, Scud: slightdrizzle. 5%. Asat 2; the upper covering of clouds is a dim homogeneous gray :
occasional patches of sky.

204, Fine linear cirri radiating from SSW. and NNE.: mottled cirri to E. 23%, Reticulated
cirrus, which becomes cirrous haze to E.: loose cumuli and cumulo-strati below. 2. Detached
cumuli round horizon : cirrous haze above. 5". Detached masses of cumuli: cirri and cirrous haze
above; the cirri waved in all directions.

20%, Hazy: scud: clouds like cedar branches: very thick to E. 23%. Loose cumuli or scud.
Qh__5h, Heavy cumuli: very hazy to E.

20%, Scud: cumuli on E. horizon: hazy to E. 23". Loose cumuli moving quickly: woolly
cirro-cumuli: linear cirri and cirrous haze. 2. As before; showers. 5°. Linear and woolly
cirri and cirrous haze over 63 tenths: scattered cumuli.

20", Hazy cirrous clouds : linear cirri : cirro-cumuli-strati and woolly cirro-cumuli, 235. Clouds
scattered : as before, but a few small patches more nearly approaching to small cumuli, 2, Very
hazy and electric-looking: haze and cumuli; the cumuli not much rounded and rather flat.
5", Nimbi: thunder, first heard about 25 30™ to the SSW., whence black cumuli arose ; it gra-
dually came nearer, moving along W. horizon: rain began to fall at 3" 0™, which has continued
since ; the storm has now worked round to NE. or E.; the flashes of lightning are not frequently
seen ; the storm appeared about 7" to have ceased ; it was, however, only a lull for an hour, when
it again commenced more violently than ever, the lightning being often vivid ; the distance of the
thunder-clouds being from 4 of a mile to 5 miles. The magnets have been nearly stationary since
the storm began; this fixedness of their positions during thunder-storms has been observed three
times now.

204, Scud. 28", Hazy clouds and loose cumuli, principally on horizon. 2. Loose cumuli
moving quickly : linear cirri and loose cirro-cumuli above stationary. 5". Cumuli moving quickly :
a few patches of matted cirri above, apparently stationary.

Scud. 20". Clouds moving quickly: to the E. there is a large bank of bluish-gray clouds
stationary. 2". Sky on NE. horizon.

20, Misty seud, very low and moving very quickly: a great quantity of matted and woolly
cirrous clouds above; the scud is so thin that the cirrous clouds can be often seen through it.
23", Nearly as before, but the sky is more in detached patches. 25. Loose cumuli moving quickly :
above are fine mottled, vertebrated, etched, reticulated, and hazy cirri. 5%. Loose cumuli, as
before, but more hazy : cirrous clouds and cumuli stationary : great banks of dense cirro-strati.

204, Thin seud: pectinated cirri above ; the fibres of the cirri pointing NNW. and E.; the cirri —
appear to have a sort of leeway to E. or SE.: a few cirro-cumuli, 23", Hazy and flame cirri, some
pointing NW., and some pointing SW.: hazy cirri to NW., from which spring the greater portion
of the flame cirri: a few cumuli on horizon, and scud rising from SW. 2", Cumuli: cirri above,
lying in two directions ; the flame cirri rising from WNW., and linear cirri pointing NNE. and
NW.; the cirri are gathered together in some places into little foamy patches: very electric-look- —
ing to 8.: frequently the quantity of clouds is only seven-tenths. 5%. Cumuli and cirro-strati to
W : thick cirrous haze and patches of scud to 8. and SE.: cirri of various kinds to the E.: cirro-
strati and piles of white cumuli beyond: haze and cirri lying in different directions: cirri lying
chiefly from NE. to SW. and SE, to NW.: scud.

20", Loose cumuli: a kind of cirro-cumuli above stationary, 23%. Loose cumuli: sky on
NE. horizon. 2", Loose cumuli, much detached and moving very slowly: sky all in little patches.
5", Scud: patches of sky on NE. horizon.

204.23, Homogeneous: a tendency to break at 23, 2. A few patches of scud moving
rather quickly : linear cirri above. 5%, Cumuli: large cirro-cumuli and linear cirri.

i REMARKS ON THE WEATHER. 1842. 125

AUGUST.

h
7 20—18 5. 20%. Cirrous haze: cumulo-strati and cirro-strati: loose cirro-cumuli. 235. Vertebrated cirro-
cumuli, &c., pointing from S. to N. 2. Haze: cirri and cumuli: thermometer in the sun 106°-8,
5", Common and craggy cumuli: linear cirri pointing from W. to E.: cirrous haze: a few patches
of scud,
18 20—19 5. 20". Loose cumuli: hazy above: thunder to E. before and after this time, and was also heard
during the night. 235. Cirrous haze and linear cirri. 2%, Haze: cumuli and rather large cirro-
cumuli, 5", Haze: nearly homogeneous.
19 20—20 5. 20". Loose cumuli: cumuli on horizon: linear cirri. 234, Scud: a perceptible drizzle.
2%, Haze: scud: dull grayish-blue appearance : stormy-like. 5". Haze and nimbi rising from

SSW. like a fine sheet : clouds like cedar branches: slight drizzle.

21 20—22 5. 20% A kind of mottled gray mass, part of it like loose cirro-cumuli: sky on NW. horizon.

23". Cirro-cumuli, but not well-defined : in some places to N. the cirro-cumuli are like the rippled
sand on the sea-shore, but are brownish on the ridges, and white in the hollows. 2%, A very hete-
rogeneous mixture, small patches of the sky here and there. 5%. Nearly as before, but denser.
22 20—23 5. 20%—23, A few loose detached cumuli: linear cirri. 2%, Woolly cirro-cumuli of all sizes:
eumuli: sky hazy near horizon; dense to S. and SE. 5. Cirro-cumuli lying in strata from
SSW. to NNE., gathered in many places into dense nuclei; to the E. are long strata of clouds,
probably cirro-strati, with rough edges, lying from SE. to NNE. : a few patches of black scud sail-
ing low from about SSW.., and lying in lines in that direction like the cirro-cumuli.

23 20—24 5. 20%. Scud: light drizzle. 23%. Like buttermilk agitated, all as if stationary ; like cedar branches
to N. 2". Nearly as before: occasionally light showers. 5". More broken than before: a few
patches of sky : detached cumuli lying very low.

24 20—25 5. 20%. A few linear cirri. 23. Loose cumuli: cumuli higher, moving much slower. 2%. Cumuli.
: 55. Loose cumuli: linear cirri.

25 20—26 5. 20. Scud: various kinds of cirro-cumuli above: linear cirri here and there. 235. Loose
cumuli: cirro-cumuli. 2, A few patches of scud moving from NE.: cumuli, &c. above, moving
very slowly from about SSW. 5". Loose cumuli: cirro-cumuli.

26 10—27 10. 10%—20" Scud. 21". Scud: a few patches of sky: cirro-cumuli seen above. 22. Scud :
sky in patches. 2. Cumulous scud: cirro-cumuli above. 65. Loose cumuli and patches of scud,
all nearly stationary. 7", As at 65: a few patches of etched scud lying low. 84. Loose cumuli :
q 9). Cirro-cumuli.

28 20—29 5. 20%. Scud: light mist or drizzle: the vane pointing N. but no wind, 23%, Loose eumuli moving
rather quickly: sky in detached patches. 2. Cumuli. 5. Detached cumuli round horizon.

29 20—30 5. 20". Send, like cedar branches to E, and N.: clouds above stationary. 22" 10™, The clouds
are principally cirro-cumuli, lying in lines from S by W., with scud below moving from NE.

23" 40™, Haze clearing off, and a long line of ill-defined cirro-cumuli lying N. and S., and moving
from S by W.: detached cumuli moving more slowly than before: haze in all parts of the sky,
excepting the zenith: some clouds are moving from NNW. 0%. Principally cirrous haze, about
1} tenths of cumuli: streaks of pure blue sky to E.: stormy-looking. 25. Haze, 23 tenths of
cumuli: the sun projects a visible shadow. 5". Diffuse cirro-cumuli and haze: watery-looking
cumuli on horizon : sky appearing to W.

30 20—31 5. 20". Clear. 23%. Detached cumuli, rather loose on the edges: linear cirriabove. 2. Cumuli:
q linear cirri above, pointing first from WNW., then from W by S., moving from NW.: immense
piles of white cumuli moving very slowly. 55. Sky principally covered with cirrous haze and
linear cirri: cumuli moving very slowly : loose cumuli rising from SW., where it is very black :
' well-defined cumuli on NE. horizon.

31 20—31 28. Scud. 20%. Other clouds above stationary. 23°. Occasional showers.

SEPTEMBER.

1 21 8. 2. Scud: loose cumuli above moving slowly: linear cirri highest pointing from W by N.
54, Scud: cirrous haze, &c. above, stationary or moving very slowly. 8". The sky presents a very
strange appearance: large dense masses of scud like smoke are creeping along N. and 8. horizon
A from westward ; thin fleecy masses of the same move quickly across the zenith from W.: near the
NW., where the sun is setting, above the scud are masses of cirro-strati, tinged with white edges,

MAG. AND MET. OBS. VOL. I. 21

126

11

12

13

14

15

h doh
20—2 5.
20—3 9.
20—5 5.
20—6 5.
20—7 5.
20—8 5.
20—9 6.
20—10 5.
20—12 5,
20—13 5.
20—14 5.
20—15 5.
20—16 5.

REMARKS ON THE WEATHER. 1842.

SEPTEMBER.

and seen in the dark grayish-blue beyond, with a patch or two of the brightest blue sky ; the sky is
just seen through the scud in the zenith and to E, ; it is difficult to tell whether there is a bluish-
gray cloud or only the sky seen through the scud: raining: about this time the ends of a double
rainbow were seen.

Scud. 5", Small patches of greenish sky to SSE.: some low patches of scud from SW. : drops
of rain.

20%, Thin scud sailing very quickly ; denser near horizon: ragged cirro-cumuli above moving
very slowly ; sky in zenith. 23"—5». Scud: light rain at 55, 8" 40™. Three different currents
of air observed at present; the highest carries loose patches of scud from W by S.; the next
lower, larger and darker masses from NW by W.; and the lowest, thin vapoury patches of scud
from NNE.; the direction of the wind at the surface is NNE 4 E. (SW. at 5".); the greatest
mass of clouds is from NW by W.; the upper current is very slow ; in a few minutes the lowest
current nearly ceased, it was previously the swiftest : quantity of clouds 9-0.

205, Linear cirri and cirrous haze: thin cirrous nests. 23". Scud, &e. : cirrous haze seen near
horizon: clouds moving very slowly. 2%. Thick seud. 5%. Scud: other clouds above stationary,
or nearly so.

20%. Scud: cirro-cumuli, 23. Loose cumuli and scud; the cumuli moving slowest. 2%.
Cumuli and scud. 5. Large mixed cirro-cumuli and cumuli: sky on NE. and NW. horizon, on
the NE. it is light green ; clouds black to SE.

20%, Linear cirri radiating across the whole sky in feathered masses from the W. point of the
horizon; on the E. horizon the linear cirri lie N. and S. parallel to the horizon; the feathers of
cirri extend from W. to 30° from E. 23%, Loose cumuli moving slowly: cirro-strati higher,
moving much slower: sky in patches: detached cumuli and cirrous haze on EK. horizon. 2. Loose
cumuli: cirrous haze and cirro-strati seen above stationary : sky in detached patches. 5. Thick
cirrous haze, through which the sun scarcely projects a shadow: thick banks of dark clouds here
and there: the clouds have a perceptible motion from 8. by E.: stormy-looking.

20"—23), Scud: light rain. 2. Scud; the sun’s rays penetrating some openings. 6. Loose
cumuli and scud: linear cirri and cumuli above.

20", Scud: homogeneous: light drizzle. 235. Scud. 2. Scud: cirro-cumuli: cirro-strati,
like sheets of white paper to E.: dense cumuli round horizon. 5, Detached masses of scud or
loose cumuli : pinnacled cumuli and other clouds above moving much slower: cirro-strati on horizon :
very black to NW.

20%, Thin seud: cirro-cumuli above. 23%, Scud: cumuli, &c. above. 2%, Scud and cumuli :
cirri like flames, radiating towards NW. and W. 5», Scud and loose cumuli: cirro-cumuli above,
moving very slowly.

20", Scud: cirrous haze near S. horizon; a few minutes before this the sky was overcast ;
clearing off rapidly from W. : thick and dull to E. : wind rising : in a few minutes the sky was again
quite overcast, 23", Scud: sky on NW. and NE, horizon, where cumuli are rising. 2". Cumuli :
cirrous haze on S. horizon. 5". Cumuli to W.: fine linear cirri, like pencils of the finest hairs,
the root being to E., pointing E. and W., and reaching over 75° in length from E. to past the
zenith ; they are visible over the whole sky, lying quite parallel to each other, and apparently
springing from a kind of reticulated cirrus, which forms a portion of the circumference of a circle,
whose centre is in the E. and radius 20°; the roots of the cirri appear to move on this circum-
ference, the cirri apparently describing a greater circle : cumuli moving slowly.

204, Very thick; appearing to radiate from N. and §.: cirro-cumuli in the zenith, and thick
cirro-strati to E. 23%, Nearly homogeneous: some small patches of scud. 2*—5>. Large dif-
fuse cirro-cumuli: specks of sky here and there: the sun’s rays through the interstices of the
cirro-cumuli project a faint shadow.

20"—23h. Scud: nearly homogeneous: patches of sky at 20%. 2. A strip of sky on NE.
horizon. 5%, Patches of sky to SE. and §.: cumuli on ESE. horizon.

20". Thick mist, rendering trees invisible } of a mile distant: large loose cirro-cumuli.
23". Cumuli and large cirro-cumuli; cumuli lower and moving quicker than the cirro-cumuli.
2h, Loose-edged cumuli: sky in patches. 5%. Very large cirro-cumuli: very black to NNW:
sky seen between the cirro-cumuli.

20". Cirro-cumulous scud: different kinds of cirro-cumuli above: linear cirri still higher.
23", Cirrous haze: scud and cumuli: linear cirri to E. with small patches of cirro-cumuli: the

el.

ee

REMARKS ON THE WEATHER. 1842. 127

SEPTEMBER.

t sun’s rays project a pretty distinct shadow. 25. Nearly as before: haze more above horizon:

- 4 h- ah Marge cirro-cumuli; a few patches of sky. 5". Haze: linear cirri: cumuli.

— 16 20—17 5. 20%, Cumulior scud: cumuli and cirro-cumuli to E., lying like islands in the ocean: haze on horizon.
23%. Linear cirri generally becoming haze: scud moving rapidly : cumuli on horizon : the sky has
a troubled appearance. 2". Scud: light rain. 5. Loose cumuli and cirro-cumuli from S by W.:
cumulous scud, sailing low from W by S., and three times quicker than the clouds above ; it is rather
curious that the highest clouds move in the same direction as the wind on the surface, while the
lower clouds are from W by S.; these motions are most evident, as the clouds are considerably
detached.

18 20—19 5. 20%—23". Scud. 2". Loose cumuli; the current from NNW. just disappeared, the upper
current from WSW. 55. Cumuli and loose cirro-cumuli from SSE.

19 20—20 5. 205. Linear cirri to NE. : cirro-cumuli to W.: cumuliand scud to S. 235. Cumuli on horizon :
cirrous haze on E. horizon. 2". Loose-edged cumuli: cirrous haze to E.: wind rising. 5®. De-
tached cumuli moving slowly : linear cirri to NE. ?

20 19—20 23. 19%. A homogeneous mass of clouds: light mist. 205. Asat 19": heavy mist: rain at 20 30™.
215. Clouds homogeneous: smart shower. 22". Scud; some patches moving very slowly from
about N., some seen to S. moving nearly from W.: light rain. 23. Rain clouds: scud rising
from about E. and N.: sky on E, and 8. horizon: black to N.: smart shower: the sun shining
through thin cirrous clouds: the rain clouds are not observed to move: the scud only appears to
move from between N. and E.

21 O—21 23. 05. Low detached patches of scud rather quickly from NNW. : large cirro-cumuli to N., very
slowly from about W.: cirrous clouds highest, and apparently stationary : cumuli on EK. and N.
horizon : the scud has two motions, the upper current from N., the lower from WNW., so that it
has the appearance of foam on a whirlpool ; in a few minutes some patches are moving from NNE. ;
these are the principal motions, but some patches are seen moving from SSE., and at 0" 15™ some
remain stationary. 15. Cumuli and scud, the latter from NNE., 8.W., and WNW., the same
eddying of the currents as at 0"; they sometimes stop about the zenith and change their course ;
the lowest and most powerful current is from NNE. 2". Loose and other cumuli from about NE. :
cumulo-strati on horizon. 3". Scud from S. and from N., but changing the direction every few
minutes : cumuli round horizon ; the principal motion is from S.; sometimes the upper clouds are
from S., sometimes the lower; they are sometimes from E.: linear cirri to SW.: flame cirri
highest, radiating and moving from S.toN. 4". Scud from N by E. and from NE. : cirro-cumuli
above, very slowly from S. 55. Loose cirro-cumuli from NW.., better defined and stationary above ;
some moving from SSE. slowly : cumuli round horizon, which to N. are gray and watery-looking.
64, Seud and large loose cirro-cumuli ; the motions are so small, that it is impossible to determine
them : cumuli round horizon. 6° 30™. Thin scud from NW.: thunder heard to S. 7". Cirro-
cumuli in zenith: scud on horizon, motion very small, apparently from NE. 8". Principally cirro-
cumuli. 9, Cirro-cumuli to E.: heavy cumuli to W.: clear on S. horizon. 10%. Cirro-cumuli
in zenith : cumuli on horizon: black to SW. 11%—16®. Scud and loose cirro-cumuli : cumuli on
NE. horizon at 15", 175. Large cirro-cumuli and cumuli. 18, Scud: cirrous haze above.
19—20, Scud from NE. lowest, the highest from SSE. : several patches of sky seen, but covered
with thin cirrous haze. 21". Principally cirrous haze: the sky has a film of linear cirri over it :
a few patches of scud quickly from N. and very low. 22%. Scud. 28". Heavy clouds on horizon :
clouds breaking up.

22 O—22 10. 0%. Heavy clouds on horizon: clouds breaking. 1°—2. Principally cirrous haze: scud from

.. N.: the sun’s rays project a faint shadow. 34. Cirrous haze: scud and cumuli: a few drops
of rain at 4", 5%—6. Rain. 7". Scud: light showers. 85. Ceased raining. 9. Smart

, shower. 105. Heavy rain.

22 20—23 5. 205. Scud: occasionally drops of rain: patches of sky. 235. Loose cumuli and scud, the scud

4 lowest and quickest. 2", Scud: cumuli: cirrous-like clouds highest. 5%. As at 23",

23 20—24 5. Scud. 205. Moderately heavy rain. 23%. Heavy rain. 2. Breaking : wind just risen : occa-

é sional peeps of sky. 55. Large cirro-cumuli seen above the scud.

_ 26 20—26 5. 204. Thin seud, which scarcely obscures the sky and the higher clouds: light rain. 234—9h,
Scud: dense fine rain (Scotch mist). 5°. Scud: like buttermilk to N.: gray cumuli on N. horizon,

: moving along towards W.
26 20—27 5. 20, Scud and loose cumuli moving very slowly: sky to NW.: nimbi to E, 234. Loose

{

’

128 REMARKS ON THE WEATHER. 1842.

SEPTEMBER.

cumuli from NE by N.: another current from ENE., which appears to be edging round by S.
2h, Loose cumuli from N by E., apparently another current from about E.: cumuli on E. horizon;
dh d_h sky there and in zenith. 5". Scud: loose cumuli.

27 20—28 5. 20. Scud: clouds breaking. 23%. Send: light rain, 2%, Seud: sky in zenith and to N.
54, Scud: cirro-cumuli.

28 20—29 5. 205. Loose cumuli. 23". Scud: sky to W. with cumuli: rain to E.: a smart shower in a few
minutes. 2. Loose cumuli. 5. Well-defined and loose cumuli: scud very low: part of a rain-
bow to NE.

29 20—30 5. 20". Cirro-cumuli moving slowly from ENE., lying in a stratum from NNE. 234, Cumuli,
detached and in ranges on horizon. 2. Loose cumuli moving slowly. 5%. Loose and well-defined
cumuli : cumulo-strati on horizon.

30 20—30 23. 20%. A dense mass round horizon, like cirro-cumuli stratified on the edges: a long line of loose
cirro-cumuli moving across the zenith; above this are patches of flame cirri, 23". Cumuli and
large cirro-cumuli: sky to W., and through the interstices of the cirro-cumuli, which become quite

thick to E.
OCTOBER.
2—1 5 2h, Scud, and two currents of loose cumuli. 55. Large cirro-cumuli.

2 20—3 5 20", Thin scud: other clouds higher: sky to N. 235. Scud and loose cumuli: patches of
sky to S. 2. Scud and a kind of cirrous haze: ragged cumuli: patches of sky to N. and §, :
the sun projects a strong shadow through the haze. 5", Cumulo-strati and seud: linear cirri above
all to 8.

3 20—4 5. 20%. A strip of cirro-stratus on NE. horizon ; the ground covered with hoar-frost for two hours

after this. 23%, Detached cumuli to N., moving very slowly. 25. Detached bits of loose cumuli
and a few linear cirri to 8. 5, A few patches of cirro-stratus to S.: hazy on E. horizon.

4 20—5 5. 20". Scud : large cirro-cumuli, &c. above. 23". Large cirro-cumuli and cumuli, 2%, Hazy

seud. 5. Scud and loose cumuli: patches of sky round horizon: in some places to E. the sky is
quite green: rain to NE. and E.

5 20—6 5. 205. A thin film of fine linear cirri over the whole sky: thick cirro-strati to SE. and E.

23", Nests of cirrus, flamed here and there, cover almost the whole sky, and move slowly from N. :

detached cumuli below from NW. 22, Cirrous-edged cumuli: scud: a thin film of linear cirri

over the sky: wind in gusts. 5", Scud: cirro-cumuli: cirrous haze.

20". Fine cirri, becoming haze ; in some places like great brushes, the hairs lying from WNW. :
seud below. 235, Thin detached patches of scud: sky covered with a thin film of linear cirri;
the cirri in some places gathered into nests like loose cirro-cumuli, becoming haze near the horizon.
2h. As at 23; the seud in large masses. 5". Nearly as at 23"; the cirrous nests lying in lines
from WNW., and apparently moving from about NNW. ; in some places like foam.

7 20—8 5. 20%. Scud. 23". Large loose cirro-cumuli: quite thick towards the E.: sky at the interstices
of the cirro-cumuli and to NW.: the clouds seem very high, and the vault has a more expansive
appearance than usual: the clouds breaking up. 2", Detached patches of cumuli: fine linear and
curled cirri pointing WNW. ; the linear cirrus becomes haze near the horizon; in some places it
is mottled, reticulated, and flamed; the cumuli becomes cumulo-strati on horizon. 5%, Linear,
mottled, and curled cirri, gathered into nests in some places, and becoming haze near the horizon.

9 20—10 5. 20". Scud: different kinds of cirrous clouds above. 235. Scud and loose cumuli; the portion
that is considered sky is nearly covered with a fine film of linear and slightly pectinated cirri,
pointing N, and §.; in some places it becomes haze. 2. Zigzag linear and mottled cirri: cir-
rous haze: a few patches of seud. 5%. Nearly as at 2"; the cirri becoming slightly hazy.

10 20—11 5. 205. Send. 23", Linear cirri to N. and S., becoming haze to N., and lying E. and W.: a few
patches of loose cumuli to N. 2". A thin film of cirrous haze to N.: linear cirri to S.: cumuli
to E, 5", 124 tenths of loose cumuli; the rest a kind of woolly cirro-cumuli: cirro-strati on
horizon.

11 20—12 5. 20, Linear cirri, all to E.; some of the cirri like waves: it has been frost during the night,
and there is still a little hoar-frost. 23%. Cumuli to N.: different kinds of cirri over the sky.
2%. Cirri of different kinds, principally linear and waved, like one side of a feather, the middle
pointing WNW., and the fibres pointing SSW. 5%. Chiefly woolly cirri, like large feathers,
with the curl upwards: cirro-strati on N. horizon.

6 20—7

cn

C2

REMARKS ON THE WEATHER. 1842. 129
OCTOBER.
Med h dah
12 20—13 5. 20%. Linear cirri to NE. : a thick bank to E.: mist rising from the ground: the ground covered
9g with hoar-frost. 23", Various kinds of cirrus. 2. Very fine linear cirri and other varieties.
z 55. Cirri of almost every kind, but chiefly linear ; very thick to N.
13 20—14 5. 20". Scud, dropping the slightest possible rain: sky on NE. horizon, 23%. Scud or loose

cumuli: linear cirri above. 2. Loose-edged cumuli and cumulo-strati: woolly and linear cirri
above. 5%. Cirro-cumulous scud, becoming cirro-strati to E.: cirrous haze and linear cirri cover
about three-tenths of the sky : large loose-edged cumuli rising in W.

14 20—15 5. 20%. Cirro-cumulous scud assuming the form of cirro-strati to S. and E. 23". Detached patches
of loose cumuli, the greater part on S. horizon. 2. Two currents of loose-edged cumuli and cumulo-
strati. 55. Loose cumuli to S., like large cirro-cumuli, which near the zenith become small.

16 20—17 5. 20—23. Nearly homogeneous. 2", A little more broken: scud: cumuli to N. 5®. A loose

sort of cirro-cumuli highest, and in N. half of the sky: im the S. is a great mass of scud: rain

to SE.
20>. From NNE. round by 8S. to SSW. is a mass of thick woolly feathery cirrus, radiating from

SSE., reaching to NE., where there are cirro-strati; the feathers appear to move round their centres ;

on the horizon are watery-looking cumuli, then the thick cirrus, which becomes graqdually thinner to

near the zenith. 235. Detached loose cumuli: cirrous haze to SE. and NNW.; the linear cirri
still radiating from SSE. 2". Loose detached cumuli: cirrous haze on SSE. and N. horizon:
wind varying. 5%. Rain for half-an-hour: very dark, especially to W.: a sort of hazy cloud:

j wind in gusts, sometimes to 3 or 4.

18 20—19 5. 20". Clouds clearing off rapidly ; a few minutes ago the quantity was eighth-tenths: thin scud :
a kind of cirro-cumuli higher: cumuli to N. 23'—2". Loose detached cumuli. 5%. Loose
cumuli round horizon.

19 10—20 10. 10. Linear and woolly cirri: cumuli on horizon. 112—12*. Cumulion horizon. 134—14?.
Clear. 15%—16%. Lunar corona having the-colours of the spectrum ; outer radius about 5°: a
few cumuli on NE. horizon. 17%. As before, but no clouds. 18. A few clouds on E. horizon:
slight corona: very clear. 19". Clear. 20*—21». Heavy cumuli on E. horizon. 22". Beautiful
cumuli on E. horizon : cirro-cumuli in zenith. 23. Loose cumuli and cirro-cumuli: beautifully
pinnacled cumuli on E. horizon, which have been stationary since the earliest twilight. 0°. Cumuli
scattered in small portions all round the horizon. 1°. Cumuli and cumulo-strati round horizon.
2h__6h, Cumuli and cumulo-strati, principally on horizon. 7"—10®. Cumuli on E. horizon.

20 20—21 5. 20%—23", Cumulo-stratus on E. horizon, as there was all the previous day: linear cirri. 2”.
Cumuli on horizon: loose cumuli. 5°. Loose cumuli or scud: woolly cirri above: cumuli on FE.
horizon.

21 20—22 5. 20%. Rather heavy rain. 23". Loose cirro-cumuli and a few patches of scud. 2. Woolly cirri,
becoming a kind of cirro-cumuli ; linear cirri and cirrous haze in some places: loose cumuli. 5.
Scud, very low and moving quickly: hazy clouds: sky stormy-like: a cloud like black cirrus is
spread over much of the sky, it moves very little.

23 20—24 5. 20 Scud: haze above? 23%. Loose cumuli and asort of cirrous cloud becoming cirro-cumuli
on the edges, all to E. 2. Loose cumuli lying round the horizon. 5%. Cumuli on horizon, a few

r linear cirri to W.

24 20—25 5. 20%. Cumuli on N. and E. horizon: linear cirri to 8. 23. Strange appearance, as if the
clouds reached the ground, like a ragged curtain spotted unequally with black: patch of green sky
to E.: snow to S.? 2". Nearly as at 235, but the tint more uniformly gray: snow on Cheviot :
snowing at 3", 5". As before, but patches of detached scud seen in the grayish haze: a few drops
of rain: snowing at 4%,

25 20—26 5. 20%. A sort of loose cumuli arranged like cirro-cumuli: cumuli on horizon; ground covered with
a thin coat of snow. 23%. Snow. 2%. Sleet till within a few minutes; scud: cirrous haze seen

. above: wind varying. 5. Scud; some of it very low: the sky covered with a thin cloud.

26 20—27 5. 20%. Loose cirro-cumuli from N.: scud very low from about W., some from N., but all moving

very slowly : mixed cirri seen very low, with a dark cloud above the scud: cumulo-strati to S.,
-cirro-cumulous on the edges. 23. Highest clouds woolly cirri, linear in some places: loose scud :
sky stormy-like. 2". Cumulousscud to 8. and N.: a kind of cirrous cloud above: like rain to E.,
occasional drops here : a few patches of sky. 5. Scud: cirrous clouds above: light rain: wind
varying from SSW. to NNW.
27 20—28 5. 20%. Scud, like small cumuli: a kind of cirrous cloud below a great mass of scud: watery cumuli

MAG. AND MET. OBS. VOL I. 2x

or

17 20—18

130

ity dinerid: Feb.
28 20—29 5.

30 20—31 5.

31 20—31 23.

1 2—1 56.

1 20—2 5.

2 20—3 5.

3 20—4 6.

4 20—5 5.

6 20—7 5.

7 20—8 5.

REMARKS ON THE WEATHER. 1842.

OCTOBER.

to NE., very gray ; like a voleano burning in one place: linear cirri to S.: sky rather indescrib-
able: most of the scud cirrous, 23". Vertebrated cirri lying N. and S.: cumuli to NW. and SE.:
masses of cirrous scud and loose cumuli to W. 2". Loose cumuli: fine woven or reticulated cirri,
the thickest lines lying N. and S.: cirrous haze to E.: woolly cirri in zenith becoming cirro-cumuli
in some places: wind varying. 5". Cirro-cumulous scud : a kind of woolly cirri seen above.

20", Loose cirro-cumuli on horizon from N., round by E.toS. 23". Cirro-strati to E. : linear cirri
to W., like circles crossing in long arches from NNE. to WSW. 24. The sky to W. covered with
cirri so close as almost to become haze; the structure is well seen to E., where there are fine hollow
lines concave to N., with a foamy kind of line at right angles moving from NNW.; these lines are
less distinct and lower than the first, being like bundles of woolly cirri: a few patches of cumuli to
E., and cumulo-strati on E. horizon. 5". Loose cirro-cumuli, like scud, covering six-tenths of the
sky : linear cirri and cirrous haze above: cirro-strati to S.

20%, Large loose cirro-cumuli, which become a sort of sandy-like cirrous cloud round horizon.
23". Cirro-cumuli and cirrous haze above: loose cumuli and scud below: the cirro-cumuli largest
in zenith: patches of small cirro-cumuli in the haze to S. 2%. Hazy: cirrous clouds highest,
rippled, like sand on the sea-shore : cirro-stratous scud ; some of the cirrous clouds are cirro-cumu-
lous ; a general grayish-blue appearance. 5%. Hazy cirri: scud below: the clouds have all sorts
of colours, grayish-blue, deep blue, orange, red, white, &c.: vertebrated cirri: a range of cumulus,
extending about 50° along E. horizon, like a long pillar lying on its side.

20%. Smoky scud from WSW, : another current of scud higher from N. by W.: beautiful cirri
highest from about W.; the cirrus is mottled, woolly, and linear, some of it like swan-down.
23. Loose irregular cirro-cumuli: cirro-strati to N. and S.: cumuli of different kinds to E, :
cirrous haze to N.

NOVEMBER.

25, Loose cirro-cumuli: cirrous haze to N.: cirro-strati and loose cumulo-strati to N. and NE.
54, Cirrous cirro-cumuli, coloured gray, fringed with red ; thick to E. and S., where they assume
a stratified form.

20%. Thin ragged scud, apparently touching the ground about three miles distant: cirri seen
above. 235, Scud; neither so thin nor so low as at 20%. 2. Scud moving very slowly: sky on
E. and SE. horizon ; occasionally patches in zenith. 5%, Scud; motion very slow: cirrous clouds
are now seen where the sky was at 23.

205, Scud. 23%, Cumulo-strati and large loose cirro-cumuli, both dropping a little rain; the
cumulo-strati lowest. 2. Loose cumuli. 5". Scud round horizon, principally to E., in long
strata descending in showers: cirro-cumulous patches crossing the zenith: the sky quite gray.

20. Cirro-cumulous scud, with masses of it and heavy gray cumuli round horizon; to the N.
they are like a gray curtain ; to the S. some of the cumuli have cirrous crowns, forming nimbi;
and some of the cumuli tops are now tipped with red. 23". Piles of cumulo-strati on horizon ;
nimbi to SE. and §., crowned with cirrus: small patches of scud: showers occasionally ; the ex-
tremity of a rainbow seen within 100 yards. 2". Beautiful cumulo-strati and cirrous-crowned
nimbi, principally near horizon : loose cirro-cumuli in zenith: shower of small hail about an hour
ago: showers every half-hour: wind varying. 5%, Large masses of loose cumuli and nimbi:
shower to E. approaching,—here in five minutes.

20%. A sort of loose cirro-cumuli and seud, falling in rain in many places, and here occasionally :
a few fine cirro-cumuli seen above. 23%. Nimbi dropping like pencils: a sort of cirro-cumulous
disposition of cloud: showers around: extremities of rainbows seen occasionally : the quantity of
clouds often more or less: light shower of the most minute drops. 2. Scud and nimbi: smart
shower of very fine rain: large cirro-cumuli above: very dark to W. and N. 65%. Seud, cumuli,
and nimbi: sky quite hazy to E.: about 10° above the E. point of the horizon is a large patch of
flesh-red : showers.

20%. Cirro-cumulous scud: rain to S. 23". Nearly as before ; sky on NW. horizon: sunshine
oceasionally. 2. Thicker than at 23"; no sunshine. 5". Loose or ragged cirro-cumuli moving
from SSW.; a little ago from SSE.?: sky on S. horizon, where it is white; red to E.: snow on
Cheviot.

204, Cirrous and loose cirro-cumuli: sky very calm: linear cirri: the sky almost covered with

~ 8 ARS SRL a ean

Men -d
8 20—9

9 20—10

10 20—11

11 20—12

13 20—14

14 20—15

15 20—16

16 20—17

17 20—18

18 20—19

20 20—21

REMARKS ON THE WEATHER. 1842. 131

NOVEMBER.

a cirrous cloud, which it is difficult to distinguish from sky. 23". Cirrous clouds: fine cirro-
eumuli: thick cirrous haze, having cumulous'heads to E.: the sun’s rays project a faint shadow on
paper. 2", Cumulo-strati over two-tenths of sky: cumuli: linear and mottled cirri and cirrous
haze: cirrous haze on E. horizon ; its formation of linear cirri becoming evident at about 15° alti-
tude. 5. Cumulous scud : cumulo-strati and cirro-strati to E., with a bluish-black cirrous haze :
beautiful ranges of cumulo-strati about an hour ago: sky hazy.

205—2h. Light rain : clouds moving rapidly : wind settling at 2": calm at 35. 5. Cumulous
scud : sky to 8. hazy: a patch of red to N.: nearly calm, but occasionally gusts.

205. Linear cirri to SE. : a little hoar-frost on the ground, 235. Fine cirro-cumuli and linear
cirri; the linear cirri so fine as almost to be haze, occupying about 23 tenths of sky to S.; the cirro-
cumuli lowest and moving slowly : a mass of cirro-cumulito NW. 25. Cirrous haze: scud below.
5. Thick cirrous haze.

20%. Light rain: very thick and dark. 2352, Scud: breaking up a little, and a slight
shower at 2", 55. Clouds nearly homogeneous : a little foggy.

20, The clouds have rather a broken appearance, moving very slowly : light mist. 23°. Clouds
broken, and rather cirro-cumulous; motion very slow. 2. Scud, like cedar branches: cirro-cumuli
seen above with cirrous haze: wind rising. 5%. Scud: cirro-cumuli above.

205. Loose cirro-cumuli: cumuli on NE. horizon : cirro-strati to N.: slight cirrous haze: sky
red to W. 235. Large loose cirro-cumuli: cumulo-strati on E. horizon: snow on the Cheviots.
2h, A fine range of cumulo-strati on E. horizon: a few small cumuli and linear cirri to S. 5".
Linear cirri, becoming haze, radiating from W., and apparently covering the whole sky, as the por-
tion considered sky is whitish ; the moon has a corona of the breadth of its own diameter round it :
cumuli on E. horizon, where the haze is bluish-black.

20". Scud and loose cumulo-strati ; cirro-cumuli above: the scud creeps along the 8. horizon :
most beautiful and small cirro-cumuli seen at 225, lying in strata from E. to W. 235. Cirro-cumuli,
but not so fine and distinct as before : loose cumuli moving quickly, much lower than the cirro-
cumuli: snowing to E. and N.: some of the fine cirro-cumuli like foam zigzagged. 25. Cumulo-
strati and scud: woolly cirri above, reaching from SE. to WNW., and moving very slowly : cumulo-
stration N. and E. horizon ; much of the cirri flamed and linear, some of it mottled: snow twice
or thrice since last observation ; very mealy, and not coherent. 5". Mottled and loose cirrous clouds :
scud : below the cirrous clouds are others like scud swept with a broom, radiating from WSW. in
large pencils; it looks very strange; these clouds seem as if blown from the WSW., and seem
to spread or move from it.

204. Send, &c., moving very slowly. 234. Scud: cirrous haze or fine linear cirri over two-
tenths of the sky: snow on Cheviots, and clouds resting on their tops. 2". Almost as before: a
few more patches of pure sky: the wind rose at 235 30™: blowing from ENE. 52. As before ;
wind in gusts.

205. A bloated mass: snow on Cheviots. 23". As before: the clouds opening a little, having
a sort of cirro-cumulous disposition : small patches of sky: motion of clouds very slow. 2". Loose
cirro-cumulous cumuli: cirri. 5%. As at 23".

20%. Cirro-cumuli, which lie in ranges from NNW. to SSE., moving from about WNW. : cirro-
strati to E.: the sky almost covered with cirrous haze. 23%. Scud, covering nearly the S. half of
the sky; above it fine linear cirri, covering nearly the whole sky, radiating from NW. ; some
patches of cirro-cumuli still remain, the cirri becoming haze in many places: wind rising. 2%.
Nearly as before; three-tenths of scud, the rest cirrous haze, and a sort of mottled cirri. 5". Nearly
all scud, although the sky is covered with a slight cirrous haze ; Jupiter is seen through an opening
in the clouds at an altitude of about 10°.

204. Thick mist: light sprinkling of snow on the ground: mist falling like the finest light rain.
23%, A kind of haze or .hazy cloud: not the slightest breath of wind. 2. Loose cumuli and
cumulo-strati: some mottled cirri above: cumuli on horizon: the air remarkably humid: every
thing covered with moisture : the atmosphere not very transparent. 5%. Heavy black cumuli and
scud : some cumuli very low: a few patches of sky: the sky has a strange appearance.

205. Scud: pinnacled cumuli on NE. horizon : a few minutes ago the sky was quite overcast.
234, Loose and well-defined cumuli: fine linear cirri becoming haze: rain or snow to SE, 24.
Cirrous haze or linear cirri, covering the greater part of the sky, lying in strata to S. from ENE.
to WSW: fine pinnacled cumulo-strati on horizon from N. to SE.: snow on Cheviots. 5%. As

132

d oh doh
21 20—22 5
22 20—23 5
23 20—24 5
24 20—25 5
25

REMARKS ON THE WEATHER. 1842.

NOVEMBER.

before: a little more scud, and the haze so thick or white as to render it difficult to distinguish it
from milky sky. :

204. The ground covered by a slight fall of snow: still falling lightly. 23%—2h, Scud low :
cirrous haze above: still a few flakes of snow: a break in the clouds to S. 5". Clouds a homoge-
neous mass: no scud visible: still a few flakes of snow, which are now increasing.

204, Scud : cirrous clouds above: sky to S. 23". Cirro-strati on E. and S. horizon: frizzled
cirri above to N. and E.: clouds resting on Cheviots; the hills look distant. 2. Cirrous-edged
cumulo-strati, reaching from W. to SE., and moving along 8. horizon : cirrous clouds above : clouds
and snow on Cheviots. 5". Scud: cirro-strati to NE.

20%—2h. Scud: cirrous haze: light rain. 5. Scud.

Send. 20%. Clouds opening: cirrous clouds above. 234. Cirro-strati and cumulo-strati on
S. and E. horizon: sky to S. and E. 2. Haze: sky to N.

10—26 10. 10%—194, Scud: slight shower at 14%, 20%. Scud: hazy above: fiery red to K.: patches of

20—28 5.
20—29 5.
20

5

20—5 5.
20—6 5.
20—7 5.
20—8 5.
20—9 5.
20—10 5.
20—12 5
20—13 5
20—14 5
20—15 5
20—16 5

sky: rain lately. 21". Scud: cirrous clouds above : cumuli on E. horizon : hazy patches of sky :
red to E. 22535, Seud, and haze above. 4". Cirro-cumulous scud moving very slowly : sky
to S. 5%—64, Scud: dense: most open to SE. 7%—8. "Scud: rain at 8". 9'—10". Very
dark ; at 10" clouds lying in strata from S.

204, Send: light rain. 23". Send: cirrous clouds above: patches of sky to E.: light rain.
2h As before; no sky. 5%. Send: light rain.

204, Seud and loose cumulo-strati. 23". As before; sky principally to E. 2. Heavy cumuli
and scud: cirrous clouds above: rain falling around. 5%, Scud moving quickly: sky hazy.

Cumulo-strati, scud, and nimbi.

DECEMBER.

Seud.

204. Scud: clouds breaking. 234, Beautifully mottled cirri, radiating from SW. and NE. ;
in some places like the finest cirro-cumuli, but chiefly like woolly net-work : scud below. 2. Scud :
patch of sky on NE. horizon. 5". Scud: slightly cirro-cumulous: patches of sky.

204, Foggy: rain lately: the vane points from NE. 23%—2h. Thick mist since 20°; cleared
off now: nota breath of wind. 5". Flocculent cirro-cumuli and scud ; motion scarcely perceptible :
mists rising from the ground.

20, Homogeneous. 23". Scud: clouds breaking: small patches of sky. 2". Scud and loose
cumulo-strati: linear cirri and cirrous haze above. 5%, Cirro-stratus scud: cirro-cumulous clouds
above: clouds red to SW.

20, Loose cumulo-strati or scud: cirrous clouds over the sky: red to E. 23*—5, Cirro-
cumulous seud.

205. Homogeneous: gray. 235. Scotch mist. 2". Mist still: scud: clouds breaking: a patch
of sky: fine cirri seen above. 5". Asat 2",; no sky.

204, Thick mist. 23". Thick mist: scud: patches of sky: cirrous clouds seen above: in a
few minutes the quantity of clouds 8. 2. Mist and light rain. 5%, Cirro-cumulous scud: an
hour ago the quantity of clouds was 8.

20, Dark: light rain: sky to SSE. 23". Scud, with lightest rain: patches of hazy sky to
SSE., with very gray clouds. 2"—5*. Seud: light rain.

Scud, 20". Light rain, 2. Rain heavier. 5°. Light rain.

20%, Scud: patches of sky covered with cirrous clouds to SE. 23". A sort of cirrous seud,
rather cirro-cumulous in its disposition. 2. Sky covered with masses of cirrous clouds, some of
them very low; large white mass to N., moving very slowly: the sky greenish-blue to SE. 5”.
Thick cirrous clouds, lighter here and there. ‘

20%, A few drops of rain: a patch of bright red to SE. 23". Send: light rain. 2". Scud.
5», A great reservoir of curled seud, boiling up in the SW., and moving quickly across the sky: a
few cirrous clouds higher, moving very slowly : sky hazy.

204, Cirrous clouds : it is difficult to tell what is sky and what is not, on account of the cirrous
haze: cumulo-strati and cirro-strati on horizon. 28". Scud: misty drizzle. 2". Scud: cirrous
clouds above: cumuli to E. 5", Scud: a few patches of sky to E. and S.: occasionally drops of
rain as there have been all day.

foe od oh
16 20—17 5.

18 20—19 6.

19 20—20 9,

22 0—22 10.
22 20—23 5.

B23 20—24 5.

25 20—26 5.

REMARKS ON THE WEATHER. 1842. 133

DECEMBER.

20", A great mass of scud covered eighth-tenths of the sky at 195 50™, when there was a
pretty heavy shower ; it moved off so rapidly that there was only one-tenth of clouds at 20" 0™ ;
a complete and distinct lunar rainbow seen at 19% 50™: cumuli and nimbi to S. and SE. 23.
Scud or loose cumulo-strati. 2%. Cirrous scud, chiefly to W. 5". Loose cumuli.

20%. Cirrous clouds and haze. 234. Scud: fine mottled, pure, and linear cirri above, point-
ing N. 2. Loose cumuli: fine cumuli on the Cheviots, but the sky covered chiefly with fine
cirri, radiating fron NNW. and from S. by W., principally mottled, but very thick to W. and NW. :
linear to E.: hazy to W.: sky to E. 5%, Sky covered with cirrous clouds.

20%, four-tenths of scud, the rest linear cirri, which covers almost all the sky : corona round the
moon, radius three diameters. 28%. Scud: varieties of cirri above. 2. Cirrous scud: linear and
pure cirri of the finest kind, like silken hairs, pointing from WSW. to ENE. 5%. Thick seud :
cirrous clouds above.

20 20—20 23. 20. Fine cirri and cirrous cirro-cumuli, moving slowly. 21". Fine cirrous clouds, mottled and

in strata: cirro-strati. 22%. Fine cirro-cumuli: linear, mottled, and woolly cirri, the latter in
little bundles lying in strata: woolly cirro-cumuli; some of the cirri extremely fine ; much of the
upper cirri appears to radiate from NW. 23}. Cirrous clouds: cirro-cumuli of various sizes: finest
linear cirri highest, pointing from WNW. ; the cirrous clouds are very thick in some places, and
to the E. become like cirro-strati; the lowest cirro-cumuli are rather large and woolly : about
235 20™ a few cymoid cirri were seen, and a few most beautiful mottled cirri.

21 O—21 23. 0%. Large woolly cirro-cumuli moving slowly from WNW. : linear cirri lower, seem as if drifted

from WNW.; thick towards horizon, cederaceous to SE. 1". The clouds present altogether a
troubled appearance: the cirrous clouds have become quite thick, and like a semifluid: radiating
from SE. and NW., lying in dark and light strips: masses of scud or loose cumuli creeping along
S. horizon from about W. 2". Cirrous clouds thick and spread unevenly over the sky: scud to S.
35, Some smoky scud very low from WSW.; scud or thick cirrous clouds above it from WNW.,
the cirrous clouds not so thick as at 2": some patches of sky: observed a patch of loose scud moving
up from SW., which seemed to develop itself as if under the influence of two currents ; when about
30° high, it showed the prismatic colours, something like diffraction spectra from irregularly striated
bodies ; the clouds have a gray tinge ; other cirrous clouds above all. 4. The sky has a strange
appearance: scud very low, very far below the highest cirri, moving in strings like smoke quickly
trom SW.: higher seud slower from W. : linear cirri in E., and cirro-cumuli in zenith, &c. ; lowest
cirro-cumuli gray, and moving slowly from about W., lying in bands from N. to 8. ; highest very
fine, their motion not detected. 5. Scud principally: cirrous clouds seen above: sky in zenith.
6%. Dark, but masses of scud can still be seen moving up from SW. 74. Quite dark. 8. North
part of the sky dark; the south part has dark clouds near horizon, but lightens up to zenith, pro-
bably cirrous haze: stars occasionally visible. 9%. Dark. 10. Scud, radiating from SE. : appa-
rently cirrous clouds above. 11%. Clear in zenith: heavy clouds to E. 12". Clear streak in S.
horizon: patches of sky to W. and in zenith. 18. Light clouds in zenith. 14*—155. Dense
clouds to SE. and NW. 16%. Light clouds on N. and E. horizon; the rest of the sky covered
with dark lowering scud. 17%. Dark clouds, except on N. horizon, 18"—-195. Cirrous clouds
on horizon. 20. Sky covered with heavy clouds, especially on horizon. 21". Scud: heavy clouds
on SE. horizon. 22%, Scud: cirrous clouds. 234. Scud very low and moving quickly from SW.
patches of sky : cirrous clouds seen above.

0*. Scud moving rapidly. 15. Scud: cirrous clouds. 2%. Scud: loose cumuli on E. horizon.
3", Heavy rain: clear to N. 4%. Sky clear, except where cirrous cumuli skirt the horizon on all
points but NE. 5". Scud: light rain, 6%—74. Scud, &c.: dark. 8". Clear in zenith. 9". Scud.
10%. Light rain.

20". In a few minutes rain, and the sky became nearly overcast: sky on SE. horizon: cirro-
stratiseen there. 23%. Scud, in strata to SE.: a few linear cirri: rain freezing on the palings, &c.
2h, A mass of cumuli to SE., and on NW. horizon. 5%. Loose-edged cumuli, having a cirro-
cumulous disposition, moving quickly.

205, Scud and cirrous clouds. 23%—2, Clear: a few cumuli on NE. horizon, and on Cheviot.
54, Thin cirrous clouds, with a cirro-cumulous disposition.

20%, Sky covered with a thin watery haze, which makes a sort of oblong halo round the moon :
light rain. 23. Cirrous scud: woolly cirri above: portion of a rainbow seen: rain here lately :
raining heavily on Cheviot. 2. Homogeneous scud : cirrous clouds above: light rain. 5®. Cirrous
clouds: mottled, linear and woolly cirri, and loose cirro-cumuli:; sky nearly covered with fine cirri.

MAG. AND MET. OBS. VOL. I. 2.L

134

fl doh
26 20—27 5.
27 20—28 5.
28 20—29 5.
29 20—30 5.
30 20—31 5.

REMARKS ON THE WEATHER. 1842.

DECEMBER.

204. Clouds lying in a belt from S. to NE.: above NE. horizon, cirro-strati. 23". Mixed and
linear cirri: cumuli on Cheviot. 2. Scud from W by N., and on Cheviot: a few patches of cirri
to E. 55. Scud and loose cumuli.

208, Cirrous clouds. 23%. A few patches of cumuli and scud on Cheviot. 2. Sky nearly
covered by fine linear cirri: cumuli, &c. on Cheviot. 5%. Sky covered with cirrous clouds: prin-
cipally fine linear cirri, which now seem almost haze.

20423). Scud: light rain: raining heavily to E.at 238". 2h. To the S. a large mass of loose
cumulo-stratus: patches of scud: masses of linear cirri. 5". Scud and cirrous clouds : thick masses
of cirrous clouds to E.

20%—234, Send. 25. Send: linear cirri, dc. above. 5». Very thin scud: very black to S. :
cirri seen about: wind varying.

20, Scud. 235. Loose cumuli: cumuli on SE. horizon: a few rather large cirro-cumuli :
woolly cirrous clouds : portion of a rainbow seen. 2. Long strata of woolly cirri, lying from WNW.,
moving from W by N., covering the greater part of the sky; a clear space to N.: much linear
and reticulated cirri: cirri thickest to S.: cumulion N. horizon. 5. Cirri of different kinds,
becoming haze to S.: cumuli on NE. and SW. horizon.

ABSTRACTS OF THE RESULTS

OF THE

MAGNETICAL OBSERVATIONS,

MADE AT THE OBSERVATORY OF

GENERAL SIR T. M. BRISBANE, Barr.,

MAKERSTOUN.

1841 anp 1842,

136 ABSTRACTS FOR THE MAGNETIC DECLINATION.

TABLE I.—The Monthly Means of the Declinometer Readings in Westerly Declination, for the Hours 20, 23,
2, and 5.

J Mean of
Month. 204. 7 . 4 poten atets

1841. <2 25°.
July 29.49

August 35-88
September 32-06
October 30-22
November 31-82

1842.
January

February
March
April

August
September

October

November

December

The mean of the Declinations at 20" and 5" have been given as an approximate mean for the month. The
difference of the Declinations at 20" and 2? is given as the approximate diurnal range. The latter must be very
near the truth, as 20" and 2" are nearly the hours of least and greatest Westerly Declination throughout the year.

It seems very probable, that the Declination in the months of July and August 1841, and of April 1842, are
considerably affected by the torsion of the suspension thread. While this would destroy the value of the mean for
the month, the diurnal range may be considered as unaffected.

In order to shew the regular changes well, it is advisable to eliminate, as far as possible, those days of irre-
gularity or disturbance in which the positions of the magnet differ considerably from the mean. The following
rule was adopted for the determination of the days of irregularity which should be rejected.

If a, b, and ¢, be the approximate diurnal ranges for three successive months, those days in the middle month
a+2b+e
3

For the first and last months, the sum 6+ ¢ or a+ has been used. (See Table XXIII.)

This rule was formed chiefly for the two components of force, for which it is much better suited than for the
Declination.

Table II. has been formed after rejecting the days of disturbance thus determined.

are rejected in which the diurnal range exceeds

ABSTRACTS FOR THE MAGNETIC DECLINATION. * 137

TABLE II.—The Monthly Means of the Declinometer Readings, rejecting disturbances, in Westerly Declination,
for the Hours 20, 23, 2, and 5.

Mean of
205 and 5h,

25°
1841. 1
July 29-60
August 35-88
September : 32-23
October 30-11
November 31-07

1842.
January 28-60

February : 30-86
March 29-52
April . 33-39
May . 29-03
June } : 29-12
July . 28-55
August : 26-49
September . 27-80
October : 27.35
November : 26-78
December 25-21

Each month shews markedly an increase of Westerly Declination from 20% till 25, and a decrease from 2
till 55.

The means cannot be trusted for indications of an annual period. The diurnal range, however, increases
considerably in summer compared with winter, and the ranges of the months in 1841 and 1842 agree very well.
The maximum range occurs in May 1842, but it seems probable that the ranges for April, June, and July, 1842,
are less than they should be, owing to disturbances, which have not been eliminated by the previous rule.

The two following Tables are formed from Table II.

TABLE III.—The Westerly Declination at the Observation Hours for periods of Three Months, for the Summer
and Winter Months, and for the Year 1842.

Period. : 3 . 5 Mean of
20» and 5},
25°
1841. :
July, Aug., Sept. 32-57
Oct. and Nov. 30-59
1842.
Jan., Feb., March 29-66
April, May, June : : 30-52
July, Aug., Sept. : 27-61
Oct., Nov., Dec. 26-45
Jan., Feb., March
Oct., Nov., Dec. \ 28-05
‘ April, May, June
2 July, Aug., Sep. ae
4 The Year. 28-56

MAG. AND MET. OBS. VOL. I. 2

138 ~ ABSTRACTS FOR THE MAGNETIC DECLINATION.

TABLE IV,—The Yearly Decrease of Westerly Declination, as Deduced from the Four Daily Observations in
the Five Months of 1841 and 1842.

Mean of the
fonth. 20%, 234, 5 6
Men Four Hours.

July

August

September
October

November

Means

If the results for July and August be rejected, the mean of the other three months will be 3740.

TABLE V.—The Extreme Readings of the Declinometer for each Month from the Four Daily Observations.

North End of Magnet Farthest

Month. E. Ww.

Gottingen nae Gottingen
Meanie: Declination.

Meanehemer Declination.

1841. doh m Ba a bh m o 7
July 12 20 0 25 21-80 15) -2)20 25 41-29
August 11 20 0 25 26-81 23 20 O 25 50:30
September 8 20 0 25 22-64 25 2 0 25 53-14
October 1220 0 25 21-67 24 20 0 25 45-59
November 24 20 0 25 25:58 | 5 2 0 25 49-77

1842.

January 27 20 0 25 25:30 || 29 2 0 25 33-31
February ip BO) 25 18-15 Tey MG) 25 40-52
March 9 5 0 25 21-23 30 2 0 25 42-80
April 24 20 O 25 20-85 14 20 0 25 52-33
May 18 20 0 25 21-38 | 16 5 0 25 49-71
June 220 0 25 19:92 | 10 2 0 25 40-63
July 20 20 0 25 20-93 210 25 38-01
August 16 20 0 25 20-15 423 0 25 38-92
September 25 20 0 25 22.20 22 2 0 25 40-23
October 17 5 0 25 16-43 8) 20 25 36-80
November Lie 75) 0 25 22-44 10 2 0 25 38-37
December Sees 25 18-83 30 2 0 25 31-76

The range of the five months of 1841 from the Daily Observations is 31’-5. The Westerly Declination being
least in October, 8°4 below the mean of the month; and greatest in September, being 20°9 above the mean of
the month.

The range for 1842 is 35°9. The Westerly Declination being least in October, 109 below the mean of
the month ; and greatest in April, being 189 above the mean of the month.

ABSTRACTS FOR THE MAGNETIC DECLINATION.

TABLE VI.—The Extreme Readings of the Declinometer for each of the Term-Days,

North End of Magnet Farthest

E. Ww.
Bed ae Declination. a oe Declination.

1841.
July
August
September
October
November
December

1842.
January 19 10 36 25 23-17 20 4 18 25 38-89 15-72
February 25 10 O 25 22-42 26 2 24 25 37-02 14-60
March 24 8 36 25 9-38 23 13 12 25 40-38 31-00
April 20 15 24 25 22-38 20 16 12 25 46-82 24-44
May 27:21 0 25 25-02 28 218 25 36-23 11-21
June 23 8 6 25 16-95 23° 10 25 37-23 20-28
July 20 10 O 25 16-77 21 1 42 25 32-87 16-10
August 26 12 42 25 17-47 26 11 42 25 33-13 16-66
September 22 7 30 25 11-10 PI ia te) 25 41-73 30-63
October 19 10 48 25 16-26 19 13 18 25 38-23 21-97
November 25 10 O 25 26-22 26 1 42 25 31-70 5-48
December 20 10 O 25 22-40 21° 0 36 25 30-93 8-53

The range of the six Term-days of 1841 is 51-4; the least Westerly Declination occurring in October, being

$3”3 below the mean of the month; the greatest in August, being 12’4 above the-mean of the month.

j The range of the twelve terms in 1842 is 374; the least Declination occurring in March, being 20°1 below
the mean of the month; the greatest in April, being 13’-4 above the mean of the month.

TABLE VII.—The Extreme Readings of the Declinometer during Extra Observations for each Month in which
' Extra Observations were made.

—

North End of Magnet Farthest

Month. = vid | Range

es a |

Gorengen.. Declination. eeingen. Declination. |)

1841. aoh ms. eres ahem. a. os ’

August 20 22 40 O 25 35-28 20 23 20 O 25 38-30 3-02
September 25 5 35 18 25 21-07 25 6 20 18 27 1-56 100-49

B 1842.
i May 24 8 0 0 25 30-45 165 0 0 25 49-71 || 19-26
July 1 20 42 0 25 6-55 21148 O 25 50-28 43-73
August 65 30 0 25 21-65 19 548 0 25 34-88 13-23
September 2 8 24 0 24 54-28 21 2 0 0 25 37-30 43-02
October li) 240 25 5-08 18 3 4 0 25 32-87 27-79
November 3 8 0 0 25 17-57 21 20 48 O 25 40-98 23-41
December 9 5 54 0 25 9-58 9 824 0 25 36-22 | 26-64

The range of all the disturbances observed in 1842 is 56.

The least Westerly Declination occurs in September, being 335 below the mean of the month; the greatest
in July, being 217 above the mean of the month.

The range of Declination from ail the observations of 1841 is 2° 47. The least Westerly Declination oc-
& curring in the October term 1841, being 33’:3 below the mean of the month; the greatest during the disturbance
September 25. 1841, being 1° 293 above the mean of the month.

; The range of all the observations in 1842 is 58’. The least Westerly Declination occurring during the dis-

turbance September 2. 1842, being 335 below the mean of the month; the greatest in the Daily Observation,
4 April 14° 205 1842, being 18-9 above the mean of the month.

140 ABSTRACTS FOR THE HORIZONTAL FORCE.

TABLE VIII.—The Monthly Means of the Scale Readings of the Bifilar Magnetometer, as Corrected in this
Volume, for 20", 23, 22, and 54,

Month. 204, fs : 5h,

1841. Se. Div. Se. Div. Se. Div.
July 472-04 486-96 500-35

7 August 528-00 540-45 550-06

September

544-36 554-78 558'86)
{ee 575-74 593-05 f
558-26 564-55 585-93

485°32 496-05 507719
495°31 517°36 509°86
489-60 506-20 508-46

November 502-48 509-41 510-47

October |

1842.
January

February
March
April
May

June

July
August
September
October

November

December

As there was an adjustment of the Bifilar Magnetometer between July and August, and between September
and October 1841, the observations in July 1841 are not comparable with the others; August and September 1841
are comparable with each other only.

In September 1841 and October 1841, the torsion circle was moved 50/, in order to make the middle of the
scale nearly the mean reading, from which it had moved considerably in each case after the previous adjustment :
there seems little doubt that this rapid change had some connection with torsion in the silver wires. It is very
probable that this source of error still shews itself in November 1841.

The observations from September 7* 20" till the end of September have been reduced to the value of v in
August and beginning of September; those from October 6% to October 20% have been reduced to the value of v
after. In each case, the means of reduced and unreduced portions of the month have been printed in small type,
the means in large type being the means for the month.

A new and preferable value of g, the co-efficient for the temperature correction, having been obtained from I
a comparison of the Daily Observations in 1844, the following Table has been formed ; it was thought well,
however, to give the means as corrected in this Volume, for the purposes of comparison.

ABSTRACTS FOR THE HorIzONTAL ForcE. 141

TABLE IX.—The Monthly Means of the Bifilar Magnetometer Scale Readings, Corrected by a new value of q,
for the Hours 20, 23, 2, and 5.

Approximate
Month. 20%, 23h, 2h, Bh, eset eae Daily
‘our Hours, Range.
r 1841. Se. Div. Se. Div. Se. Diy. Se. Div. Se. Diy. Se. Diy.
‘ July 457-45 450-82 470-26 482-54 31-72
; August 516-26 515-87 526-92 535-81 523-71 19-94
, 584-79 530-26 543-78 547-35
f, September 550°63 542-24 562-51 57917 \
i 547-19 540-24 558-76 572-54 554-68 32-30
, 47501 474:17 483-07 494-02
%, October 487-27 486-08 506-50 499-04 \
480-26 480-12 494-22 496-41 487-75 16-29
November 496-56 492-98 500-73 501-21 497-87 8.23
1842.
January 509-23 505-80 513-00 512-05 510-02 7:20
February 508-33 505-02 512-47 515-60 510-35 10-58
March 509-69 503-78 514-81 520-74 512-25 16-96
April 501-46 497-49 512-46 523-95 508-84 26-46
May 512-82 507-53 519-52 527-10 516-74 19-57
June 512-32 507-81 521-90 531-11 518-28 23-30
July 507-23 505-82 525-56 532-15 517-69 26:33
August 512-29 507-27 524-26 530-58 518-60 23-31
September 517-88 509-94 524-98 528-64 520-36 18-70
October 524-91 517-14 528-01 529-90 524-99 12-76
November 526-42 523.32 530-49 530-86 527-77 7-54
December 532-20 530-22 534-37 533-79 532-64 4:15

The small type in September and October 1841 is explained for Table VII.
The following Tables for the Horizontal force are corrected by the new value of q.

The rule given after Table I. for the days of irregularity to be rejected, having been applied, the following
_ Table has been formed.

_ TABLE X.—The Monthly Means of the Bifilar Magnetometer Scale Readings, as Corrected in Table VIII., and

rejecting days of marked disturbance.

Mean of the || Range from the
h. 5 23h, : Fi 8
Bont Four Hours. Four Hours.

1841. Se. Div. Sc. Diy.
July 25-20

August 524-68 22-24
September 550-40 21-60

October 486-67 12-19
November 498-81 5-91

1842.

January 510-10 7-81
February 509-76 10-25
March 512-20 15-75
April 510-71 21-71
May 516-64 18-45
June 518-52 22-14

MAG. AND MET. OBS. VOL. I. 2N

142 ABSTRACTS FOR THE HoriIzoNTAL FORCE.

TABLE X.—continued.

Mean of the || Range from the
Four Hours. Four Hours.

1842. Se. Div.
July 517-81

August : 518-15
September 520-56
October 525-62
November 528-65
December 533-15

In Tables VIII. and IX. the mean of the four observations has been given as an approximate mean for each
month ; the last column contains the range deduced from these four observations, and is probably not far from the
true diurnal range.

In all the months, with the exceptions of January and December 1842, 23" shews the least force of the four
hours ; the greatest force is at 5%. In January and December 1842, the greatest force is at 2"; in October 1842,
and November 1841 and 1842, the force at 2" differs little from that at 5". The minimum seems therefore to
occur throughout the year a little before 23" (or before 10" a, m. Makerstoun mean time) ; the maximum about 5"
(or 44 p.m. Makerstoun time) in summer, and between 2" and 5 (or 1" and 4% p. mw. Makerstoun time) in winter.
In December 1842, the maximum occurs about 2" p.m. Makerstoun time. The diurnal ranges, as given in the
last column, though affected by the shifting of the curve in the summer and winter months, shew markedly a great
and regular increase from winter to summer, and decrease from summer to winter. Although the rejection of the
days of irregularity have considerably softened the asperities in the Means of Table VIII., the depressions in June
and July being considerably removed when compared with May, the depression in April still remains.

The force on the whole increases from the beginning of the year till the end; the increase being most rapid
after September 1842 ; and it is nearly constant for the summer months.

The following Table has been deduced from Table X.

TABLE XI.—The Means of the Bifilar Magnetometer Readings minus the least mean, in parts of the whole

Horizontal Force, for periods of Three Months, for the Summer and Winter Months of 1842, and for the
Year 1842.

Period. 20%, : 2h, 5h, Range.

1841.
July, Aug., Sept. 0-00058 0-00000 0-00177 0-00288 0-00288

Oct., Nov. 0-00046 0-90000 0-00071 0-00112 0-00057 0:00112

1842.
Jan., Feb., March 0-00256 0-00210 0-00312 0:00349 0-00282 0-00139
April, May, June 0-00279 0-00220 0-00378 0-00480 0-00339 0-00260
July, Aug., Sept. 0-00329 0.00257 0-00440 0-00509 0-00384 0-00251
Oct., Nov., Dee. 0-00502 0-00462 0-00540 0-00547 0-00513 0-00085

Jan., Feb., March 5
Oct., Nov., iD % \ 0-00379 0:00336 0:00426 0-00448 0-:00397 0-00112

0-00304 0:00238 0-00409 0-00494 0-:00361 0-00256

April, May, June,
July, Aug., Sept.
The Year 0-00341 0-00287 0-00417 0-00471 0.00379 0-00184

The quarter, July, August, and September, is not comparable with the following period.

The Means for 1842 shew a regular increase of force in the first three quarters ; in the last the force increases
with more rapidity.

t

ABSTRACTS FOR THE HORIZONTAL FORCE.

143

TABLE XII.—The least and greatest Readings of the Bifilar Magnetometer for each Month, from the Daily
Observations.

q

Month.

1841.
July

August
September

October
November

1842.
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

1841.
July

August
September

October
November
December

Bifilar Magnetometer.

Lowest.
Gottingen -
Mean Time. Reading.
a h m. Sc. Div.
19 23 0 426-9
423 0 492.4
3 23 0 524-5
6 23 0 447-8
18 20 0 438-0
21 23 0 496-0
123 0 497-7
27 23 0 490-2
14 20 0 446-8
17423" 0 495-6
13 23 0 490-8
3 20 0 429-6
5 23 0 479-8
28 23 0 492-3
16 23 0 507-4
21 20 O 492-2
Chet) 520-4

Highest.

Gottingen :
Mean Time. Reading.
a bh m Sc. Div.
21 5 0 501-1
26 5 0 554-8
Bog O 875-9
25 2 0 638-6
18 2 0 515-9
2 2 0 519-6
242 0 530-4
23 2 0 534-5
15 5 0 549-9
16 5 0 555-4
20 5 0 542-8
420 609-8
19 5 0 574-0
9 5 0 541-2
20 5 0 537-5
28 5 0 540-6
28 2 0 542.4

Bifilar Magnetometer.

Lowest.

Gottingen
Mean Time.
a hk m
21 15 523

27 22 52%
22 23 2h

20 14 322
27 8 421
22 10 323

Reading.

Sc. Div.
423-6

509-2
543-0

441-0
496-5
492-1

Highest.

Gottingen
Mean Time.
a k m.
22 7 292

28 6 42%
23 6 12%

20 11 52
27 9 32
23 9 123

Reading.

Se. Div.
485-3

556-6
576-6

525-8
505-5
514-4

Range.

Sc. Diy.
74-2

62-4
351-4

190-8
77-9

23-6
32-7
44-3
103-1
59-8
52-0
180-2
94-2
48-9
30-1
48-4
22-0

TABLE XIII.—The least and greatest Readings of the Bifilar Magnetometer on each Term-Day.

In the five months of 1841, the range of Horizontal Force from the Daily Observations is about 0.05708.

The force being below the mean of the month 0-00760 in November, and above the mean of the month
0.04948 in September.

In 1842, the range, in parts of the whole Horizontal force, is 0-02252. The force being below the mean of
the month 0-01102 in July, and above the mean of the month 0-01150 in July.

144 ABSTRACTS FOR THE HORIZONTAL FORCE.

TABLE XIII.—continued.

Bifilar Magnetometer.

Lowest. Highest.

Gottingen 5 Gottingen P
Mean Time Reading. Mean Time. Reading.

1842. ! 5 . Se. Div. Ci Be b Se. Div.
January 498-8 19 12
February 501-1
March 463-7

April 455-0
May 508-5
June 497-7
July 507-9
August 507-0
September 503-6
October 514-7
November 522-4
December 529-1

i
AN TAwWwOAnoe

The range, in parts of the whole horizontal force of the five terms of 1841, is about 0:01060. The greatest
and least occurring in the October term, being 0-0571 below, and 0-00489 above the mean of the month in Table X.

The range of the terms of 1842 is 0.01242. The least being 0.00696 below the mean of the month in
April ; and the greatest 0-00546 above the mean of the month in September.

TABLE XIV.—The lowest and highest Readings of the Bifilar Magnetometer during Extra Observations for
each Month, in which Extra Observations were made.

Bifilar Magnetometer.

Lowest. Highest.

Gottingen : Gottingen r
Mean Time. Meany Mean Time. Reading.

1841. a. jh. mi) ‘8. Se. Div. a hm s Sc. Div.

August 20 22 42 30 517-9 20 23 2 30 520-7
September 25 629-8 25 4 23 55 903-7

1842.
May
July
August
September
October
November
December

528-8
273-1
479-8
498-7
519-9
492-2
496-2

555-4
621-1
574-0
567-3
545-3
537-2
545-8

oocoocoeco
cooocoo

The range of the observed portion of the disturbance, September 1841, is 0-04168 ; the lowest being 0.01207
above, and the highest 0-05370 above the mean of the month.

The range of the observed disturbances of 1842 occurs in July, and is 004350. The lowest being 0.03059
below, and the highest 0-01291 above the mean of the month.

The range of all the observations in 1841 is about 0-06130. The lowest being in the Daily Observation, —
November 18.=0-00760 below the mean of the month ; the highest 0:05370 above the mean of the month, occurs
in the disturbance September 1841.

The range of all the observations in 1842 occurs in the July disturbance given above.

ABSTRACTS FOR THE VERTICAL FORCE. 145

TABLE XV.—Containing the Monthly Means of the Balance Magnetometer Readings, as Corrected in this
Volume, for the Hours 20, 23, 2, and 5.

: Month. H 23h, ‘ e Range from the
a Four Hours.
y

: 1841. Mic. Diy. Mic. Diy.

: July 744-6 46-5

; de SSCP |e 8 Ie

: August 715-8 17:3

i

‘ September 676-2 44.5

October 655-2 70-2

November 641-8 34-1

1842.

January

February

March

April

May
June
July
August

September

October

November

December

None of the months in 1841 are comparable with those of 1842; and only October and November in 1841
"are comparable with each other. Those months for which two values of T (the time of the Balance needle’s vibra-
_ tion in a vertical plane) are used, have the means of the readings corrected according to each value of T given
_ separately.

Another value of g having been obtained from the Daily Observations in 1843-4, has been applied, and the
following Tables formed.

MAG. AND MET. OBS. VOL. I. 20

146 ABSTRACTS FOR THE VERTICAL FORCE.

TABLE XVI.—The Monthly Means of the Balance Magnetometer Readings, Corrected by a new value of q,
for the Hours 20, 23, 2, and 5.

Range from the Four
Mean of the Hours for

Month. Four Hours.

Each Month. | Two Months,

Mic, Div. Mic. Div.
58-1
August : : : Y 22-6
September . : : ; 55-4

October : 5 . : : 78-7

November . : : 5 . 43.9

1842.
January

February
March
April
May

June

July
August
September
October

November

December

The means for 1841 are not comparable with those for 1842; and of the months in 1841, only October and
November are comparable with each other.

In the five months of 1841, the lowest reading is shewn at 20}, the highest at 5°; in August 1841, there
is a maximum at 234, and a minimum at 2". The force increases in the remaining four months from 20? till 5.
In July, a minimum seems to occur after 204; and in September, the force increases but slightly from 23% till 25.

In 1842, the highest reading is at 5". In January, February, and March, a maximum occurs about 23,
and @ minimum about “gh the Towaat readings in these three months is at 205.

In April, and the last four months of the year, the readings increase from 20° till 5%.

In May @ minimum occurs about 0", in June about 0%, in “Tuly and August about 235, The minimum thus
seems to shift from January till June, and from June till December, occurring probably before 20" in the winter,
and about 1" in midsummer.

The means of the four hours shew a continued diminution of the vertical force, which is irregular from
month to month.

The ranges for each month, and for each two months, are irregular ; they shew, on the whole, an increase of
range in the summer compared with the winter months.

The following Table has been formed from the above.

ABSTRACTS FOR THE VERTICAL FORCE. 147

TABLE XVII.—The Means of the Balance Magnetometer Readings, for periods of Three Months, for the
Summer and Winter Months, and for the year 1842.

Periods. 204, 23h, 2h, 5h, Mean.
Ea EE |
F y 1841. Mic. Diy. Mic. Div. Mie. Diy. Mic. Div. Mie. Div. Mic. Div.
3 July, Aug., Sept. 776-9 787-5 797-5 822-3 45-4
a October, November 654.2 678-2 699-5 715-5 61-3
4 1842.
it Jan., Feb., March 958-1 971-7 964-9 980-6 968-8 22-5
April, May, June 906-0 905-8 907-5 925-5 911-2 19-7
July, Aug., Sept. 850-0 849-5 856-9 888-7 861-3 39-2
Oct., Nov., Dec. 797-9 811-7 817-4 826-1 813-3 28-2
Jan., Feb., March, )
Oct., Nov., Dec. i 878-0 891-7 891-1 903-3 891-0 25-3
April, May, June,
July, Aug., Sept. \ 878-0 877-6 882-2 907-1 886-2 29-1
The Year. 878-0 884-7 886-7 905-2 888-6 27-2

In the periods of 1841, the force increases from 20" till 5®.

The first quarter of 1842 shews a minimum to occur about 20", and before 2" ; in the second quarter, the
minimum seems about 23°; the third, between 20" and 23; and in the last quarter, about 20". The highest
mean is always at 55, The means for the winter months exhibit a minimum about 2"; the means for the summer
months have a minimum between 20 and 23%,

The means for the year exhibit an increase of force from 20 till 54, the increase from 23% till 2" being very
small,

The mean of the four observations for each quarterly period shews a very regular diminution of vertical force.

The ranges are still irregular.
The following Table has been formed by rejecting disturbances, according to the rule given after Table I.

| TABLE XVIII.—The Monthly Mean Readings of the Balance Magnetometer, for the Hours 20, 23, 2, and 5,
as Corrected in Table XVIL., and rejecting disturbances.

Mean of the || Range of the Four Hours

5h, Four Hours

for each For each For each
Month. Month. two Months.

Mic. Div. a Mic. Diy. Mic. Div. Mie. Diy.

July 817-1 860-6 43-5

August 809-5 817-6 18-5

September 745-4 765-4 34:0

October 691-9 706-9 23-8

November 657-3 675-1 20-7

148 ABSTRACTS FOR THE VERTICAL ForcE.
TABLE XVIII.—continued.

Mean of the || Range of the Four Hours
Four Hours
of each For each For each

Month. Month. Two Months.

1842. ) | wakieior P| Mauser | : Mic. Div. Mic. Div. ae oe
January 993-3 11-1

February : 977-9 +
March 934-2
April 924.3 bis
916-4 ey

29-4
893-9
32-9
866-9

August 855-5

September 853-1

October 828-2

November 816-0

December 789-8

The rejection of disturbances produces a considerable difference in the results deduced from Tables XVI. and
XVII.

In 1841, the highest means occur at 5"; the lowest mean in July is at 23", in August at 2%, and in Sep-
tember, October, and November, at 20%.

A maximum occurs in August, September, and October, about 23)

A minimum occurs in July, between 20" and 234, in August, September, and October, about 2}.

In 1842, the highest means, with two exceptions, are at 5"; in February, the highest is at 23", and in August,
at 20"; but they differ little from the mean at 5".

The lowest means in the first three and last four months of the year aro at 205. In the remaining months
at 2". In March, the means at 205 and 2” are equal.

A maximum occurs in January, February, and March, about 234, in October about 22".

A minimum occurs in January about 2", in February between 2" and 5*, in March, April, May, June, July,
August, and October, between 23" and 2".

The mean of the four hours for each month shews a decrease of vertical force from the beginning to the end
of the year ; the diminution from month to month is rather irregular.

The ranges for each month are irregular ; but when the mean of each two months is taken, the increase of
sange from summer to winter is very regular, and well marked,

The following Table is formed from Table XVIII,

7

ABSTRACTS FOR THE VERTICAL FORCE. 149

TABLE XIX.—The Means of the Balance Magnetometer Readings minus the least Mean, in parts of the whole

; Vertical Force, for periods of Three Months, in 1841 and 1842, for the Summer and Winter Months, and
‘ Year of 1842.
4
. Periods. 204, 235, 2h, 5h, Mean. Range.
1841.
July, Aug., Sept. 0-00000 0-00006 0-00006 0:00037 0-00037
Oct. and Nov. 0-00000 0.00008 0-00012 0:00029 | 0-00029
1842.

Jan., Feb., March 0-00211 0-00222 0-:00215 0-00225 0-00218 | 0-00014
April, May, June 0:00146 0-00137 0-00130 0-00165 0:00144 0-00035

July, Aug., Sept. 0:00080 0:00065 0.00062 0-00095 0-00075 0-00033
Oct., Nov., Dec. 0-00000 0-00012 0-00016 0-:00027 0-00014 0:00027
Jan., Feb., March,

\ 0-00105 0-00117 0-00115 0-00126 0-:00116 0-00021
Oct., Nov., Dee. .

April, May, June,
\ 0-00113 0-00101 0-00096 0:00130 0-00109 0-00034

July, Aug., Sept.
The Year 0-00109 0-00109 0-00106 0-00128 0-00113 0-00022

The means for July, August, and September 1841, indicate a maximum before 23", and a minimum before
9. the means of October and November 1841 still indicate a maximum before 23", and a minimum before 2",
_ but it is much less evident.

In the first quarter of 1842, a maximum at 23", and a minimum at 2", are well indicated ; in the second and
third quarters, only the minimum before 2" is evident, but a maximum in both cases probably occurs between 20
and 23",

The last quarter of 1842 has the same character as that for 1841.

The means for the winter months shew a maximum before 23", and a minimum nearer 2" than 23%, The
_ means for the summer months shew the minimum about the same time as in the winter months, but the maximum
‘earlier, The means for the year 1842 shew a maximum between 20" and 2, and a minimum about 1",

In forming the above Table k was taken= 0°000013.

TABLE XX.—The greatest and least Readings of the Balance Magnetometer for each Month from the Daily
: Observations.

Balance Magnetometer.

Month. Lowest. Highest.

Gottingen Gottingen
Mean Time.

Reading. Mean Time.

Reading.

1841. dad h Mie. Div. 4 h. Mic. Diy.
July 19 20 733.2 Ls 916-7

August 26 20 707-0 6 907-0

September 24 20 639.0 25 990-2

October 20 20 549-9 25, 2 1181-1
November | 3 20 526-6 20. 2 769-5

es

MAG. AND MET. OBS. VOL. I. 2P

150 ABSTRACTS FOR THE VERTICAL FORCE.

TABLE XX.—continued.

Balance Magnetometer.

Lowest. Highest.

Range.
Gottingen

: Gottingen E
Mean Time. Reading. 8 Reading.

Mean Time.

1842. a Mic. Div. ey Ee Mic. Diy. Mic. Div.
January 31 20 955-8 18 5 1038-2 82-4

February 11 20 852-3 17 1138-6 286-3

March 235 879-7 28 1003-2 123-5

April 14 609-3 15 1097-4 488-1

May 28 . 16 1087-4 214-3
June 24 930-6 85-5
July 4 1140-8 447-1
August 19 28. 441-7

September 2 130-0

October 117-2

November 205-1

December 73:3

The range of the Daily Observations in 1841, in parts of the whole Vertical Force, is 0:00820 ; the greatest —
and least occur in October, and are 0:00634 above, and 0:00186 below, the mean of the month.

The range of the Daily Observations in 1842 is 0 00894; the greatest force being in August 0:00485 above
the mean of the month, and the least occurs in April, being 0-00409 below the mean of the month,

TABLE XXI.—The greatest and least Readings of the Balance Magnetometer for each of the Term-Days.

Balance Magnetometer.

Lowest. Highest.

Range.
Gottingen
Mean Time.

Gottingen

EE: Mean Time.

Reading.

1841. a h m Mie. Div. a h m Mic. Diy. Mice. Diy.
July 21 16 47% 761-1 21 10 17% 862-9 101-8

August 12 574 541-1 28 897-5 356-4

September 10 74 671-7 23 9 573 743-9 72-2

October 19 274 514-9 4 174 822-7 307-8
November 1 574 646-5 11 574 678-0 31-5
December 18 573 620-3 10 274 716-6 96-3

ABSTRACTS FOR THE VERTICAL FORCE. 151

TABLE XXI.—continued.

Balance Magnetometer.

Lowest. Highest.

Gottingen Gottingen

Mean Time. Reading. eas Game: Reading.

1842. - . Mm. Mic. Diy. hm Mice. Div. Mie. Div.

January 972-0 58 1038-1 66-1
February 937-6 28 973-3 35-7

March fe 574-9 i 4 991-2 416-3
April 783-9 28 1024-4 240-5
May 844-6 921-1
June E 787-1 953-7
July 825-2 896-6
August : 764-9 854-8
September 716-5 g 871-2
October 772-8 g 856-3
November 785-6 824-5
December 760-6 E 807-0

The range of the Term-Day Observations in 1841 is about 0-00516, in parts of the whole Vertical Force.

d The greatest force occurs in October, being 0-00168 above the mean of the month ; the least occurs in August,
- being 0:00348 below the mean of the month.

In 1842, the range is about 0°00644, in parts of the whole Vertical Force.

The greatest force occurs in April, being 0:00180 above the mean of the month; and the least in March,
being 0:00514 below the mean of the month.

TABLE XXII.—The greatest and least Readings of the Balance Magnetomer during Extra Observations for each
: Month in which Extra Observations were made.

Balance Magnetometer.
L 5 ighest.
Month. pebace ere: Range.
Gottingen A Gottingen :
Mean Time. Reading. Mean mine: Reading.

1841. a he. mi 5. Mie. Div. dj i mn. 48s Mic. Div. Mie. Diy.
August 20 22 57 30 789 20 22 47 30 793 4
September 25 6 1 30 699 25 4 6 30 1150 451

1842.

May 25 3 26 0 890 16 5 23: 0 1166 276
July 21148 O 160 2 O53) 10 1200 1040
August 16 20 36 0 781 19 458 0 1229 448
September 20 19 58 O 814 2 3 34 0 995 181
October 17 458 0 821 17 540 O 871 50
November 21 0 691 756 O 955

December 0 7 4 0 964

| The range of the observed portion of the disturbance September 1841, is 0:00685; the greatest force being

—0:00526 above, and the least 0°00060 below, the mean of the month.

B The range of the disturbances of 1842 is 001405.

: The least force occurs in July, being 0°00919 below the mean of the month; the greatest occurs in: August,

- being 0:00486 above the mean of the month,

f The range of all the observations in 1841 is about 000982; the lowest occurring in the August term, being
0:00348 below the mean of the month, and the highest: on October 25, being 0:00634 above the mean of the month.

’ The range of all the observations in 1842 is “that of the disturbances given above.

152 ABSTRACTS FOR DISTURBANCES.

TABLE XXIII.—Containing the Days of Disturbance and the Ranges of the Three Magnetometers from the
Observations at 20, 23, 25 and 5.

Range. Range.

Gottingen E
Mean Time. Dedinos Bifilar
meter.

Gottingen E
Mean Time. Declines Bifilar
meter.

Balance
Magneto- | Magneto-
meter. meter.

Balance
Magneto- | Magneto-
meter. meter.

da. oh d. Mic. Div. , 5 . he Mic. Div.

14 20—15 5 || 19-11 84.7 : 70-6

19 20—20 ' . 147:8 5 s 82-7
20—21 D 47-9
20— 6 : ‘ 140-1
20— 7 D : : : : 181-3
20—24 : : ; ‘ 127-5
20—27 : : ol 103-0

20— 1 ' . , H 61-0

Nei l33 : : March 18
27
29

Se ee

Gottingen
Mean Time.

ABSTRACTS FOR DISTURBANCES.

TABLE XXIII.—continued.

Range.

Declino-

Bifilar
Magneto-

Balance
Magneto-

Gottingen
Mean Time.

Range.

153

Declino-

Bifilar

Balance

turbance if the range of the four daily observations, for any of the three Magnetometers, exceeds

there is not a month preceding or succeeding,

Magneto-
meter.

Magneto-

meter. meter.

meter. meter. meter,

Meee
Mic. Div. d.
193-9 < i 2 30-1 3

548-2 20—14

180-7 20—17

79:3 20—19
98-8 20— 2
181-7 20—10
106:9 20—11
411-2 20—21
82:8 20—22
106-2 20—23
69-9 20— 6
26-9 20— 8

96-0 20— 9 5

20—30 5

q The above Table has been formed thus; if a, 6, and c, be the mean range for three successive months, as
given in Tables I., IX.,

and XVI., those days in the month whose range is b, ‘have been considered days of dis-

2
es When
the sum b+c¢ or a+ has been used.

In many of the days only one or two of the instruments shew ranges exceeding the test. In the formation of

‘Tables II., X., and XVIIL., those days only have been rejected in which the range for the instrument to which

e Table belongs has Greccded the test.
orrected by the new values of q

3 The following Table contains several days in which the irregularity is well marked, but which are not in-
eluded in the above.

All the ranges of the two force Magnetometers given above have been

TABLE XXIV.—Days of Marked Irregularity not determined by the Rule used in the formation of Table XXIII.

a
“d

~ 1841. 1842.

Gh Ge a 4. Chg a:

August 15—16 November 8— 9 February 1— 2
September 18—19 9—10 April o— 1
2324 10—11 April 25—26

29—30 11—12 July 4— 5

October 6— 7 12—13 August 4—=5
12—13 2223 November 1— 2

MAG, AND MET. OBS, VOL. I. 2e@

154 ABSTRACTS FOR THE MaGNnetic Dr.

TABLE XXV.—Monthly Means of Macnetic Dip, from Observations of Needle No. 1.

Magnetic Dip.
Num
Month. Ce ee : From Three Months.
NET P.M. ans Sp ss A. = aia
A.M. | P.M. A.M. P.M, Mean, |“ eee
1841. take ee reh Z 71° (Ae file
September | 1 | 2 | 71 14-19 | 71 1418 | 71 1418 | +001) | , ; : ,
October 4 4 71 18-67 | 71 14-14 | 71 16-40 + 4:53> | 15-00 13-79 14-39 + 1-21
November 5 4 71 12-23 | 71 13-25 | 71 12-74 1-02
December 1 71 11-31
1842.
January 3 2 71 9-94 | 71 10-66 | 71 10-30 - 0-72)
February 3 4 | 71 13-53 | 71 14-04 | 71 13-88 — 0-51 11-74 | 11-99 | 11-86 | — 0-25
March 4 4 71 11-75 | 71 10-61 71 11-18 + 1-14{
April 4 5 71 15:58 | 71 13-43 71 14-50 + FA
May | 4 3 71 12-03 | 71 12-92 | 71 12-47 — 0-89 13-35 12-32 12-83 + 1-03
June 4 4 71 12-45 | 71 10-47 | 71 11-46 _ 0-024
July 3 5 71 14-60 | 71 13-20 | 71 13-90 + 1-40)
August 5 71 13-81 71 13-452 13-70 12.98 13-34 + 0-72
September | 4 5 | 71 12-87 | 71 12-75 | 71 12-81 + 0-12
October 5 3 71 10-57 | 71 11-12 | 71 10-84 — 0-55
November 3 3) 71 9-13 | 71 6-60 | 71 7-86 + 2-53 9-77 9.08 9-42 | + 0-69
December 4 2 79:25 "7 19-50) | 7a (9-37 — 0-25

The above Table has been formed by subtracting 12’ from the means of the original observations, as a correc-
tion for the axle and copper cirele. The a.m. observations were made between 20" and 21"; the p.m. observations
about 6",

The diminution of Dip in 12 months has been deduced from four comparisons, as under :— ;
Sept., Oct., and Nov. 1841, compared with Sept., Oct., and Noy. 1842, gives Ad = —3°59.

Taba aebaea haarneceetae ret ssisewacate aeaeen Seacies Oct., Nov., and Dec. 1842, ......... =—4:59.
OctwandsNoy. S455 0 Pesce. seen: Oct wand Nov 822.95) eases =—522.
AMES Sree oi RT a RE 9 iE at ol Noy. and Dee. 1842, deaueeeee = Doe

Mean of all = — 483.
In all cases, the means of all the observations in the given period has been used, and not the mean of tho
monthly means for the period.
With the exception of the first quarter of 1842, the quarterly means give the Dip greater in the morning
than in the evening; giving the quarterly differences a.m. minus P.M. equal values the mean of the whole is 0'-68.
The observations of 1842 evince a greater difference in summer than in winter.

TABLE XXVI.—Mean Magnetic Dip for periods of Six Months, and for the Year 1842.

Magnetic Dip.
Period.

Mean. A.M. minus P.M,

1842. ‘ ‘
First Six Months 12-39 + 0-45

Last Six Months 11-47 + 0-51
First and Last Quarters 10-64 + 0-22
Second and Third Quarters 2-6 13-08 + 0-87
The Year 11-95 + 0-42

Twelve Months of 1842 wan fae

Three Months of 1841 rom

ABSTRACTS FOR THE MAGNETIC Dip. 155

_ TABLE XXVII.—Monthly Mean Values of A 4, the Differences of Magnetic Dip, for the Observation Hours of
} é 1842, deduced from Tables X. and XVIII. ; the value of A é@ December 2 being taken as Zero,

Month. | 20, | aa, | as Se ee wan. |e
January 6-11 6-62 5:56 5-71 6-00 1-06 5-91 0-40
February 6-04. 6-51 5-63 5-16 5-83 1-35 5-60 0-88
March 5-18 5-99 4-51 4-01 4-92 1-98 4-59 1-17
April 5-59 6-17 4-61 3-56 4-98 2.61 4-57 2-03
May 4-62 5-12 3:39 3-26 4.10 1-86 3-94 1-36
June 4-34 4-84 2-95 2.06 3-55 2-78 3.20 2.28
July 4-22 4.42 2-40 2.05 3-27. || 2-37 3-13 2-17
August 3-83 4-45 2.28 1-73 3-07 2-72 2.78 2-10
September 2-88 3-83 2.21 1.99 2.73 1-84 2-43 0-89
- October 1-64 2.47 1-38 1-44 1-73 1-03 1-54 0-20
November 1-15 1-60 0-97 0-95 1-17 0.65 1-05 0-20
December 0-22 0-15 0-16

The Table above was computed from the formula
AY AX }

piiaiee = ea

AY
—y was obtained from Table X., sid 2 "trom Table XVIII. ; # being taken at 71° 18’.

The following Table has been formed from oo above.

‘TABLE XXVIII.—Mean Values of A é for Three Months, for the Summer and Winter Months, and for the
Year 1842.

Period. 20h, 23h, Qh, 5h, Mean of the Range. Mean of Difference of
Four Hours, 20% and 54, || 20% and 5%,

1842.

- Jan., Feb., March 5-78 6.37 5-23 4-96 5-58 1-41 5:37 0-82
| April, May, June 4-85 5:38 3-65 2-96 4-21 2-42 3-90 1-89
July, Aug., Sept. 3-64 4-23 2-30 1-92 3-02 2:31 2-78 1-72
Oct., Nov., Dec. 1-01 1-56 0-78 0-82 1-04 0-78 0-91 0-19

Jan., Feb., March
Oct.. Nov., Dee. t 3-39 3:96 3-00 2-89 3-31 1:07 3-14 0-50
April, May, June, 3 : ,
| July, Aug., Sept. 4-24 4-80 2-97 2-44 3-61 2-36 3-34 1-80
| The Year 3-82 4-38 2-99 2-66 3:46 1-72 3-24 1-16

The columns containing the means and differences of 20" and 5" have been given for comparison with the
Magnetic Dip, obtained from the Inclinometer at these hours.

The winter months indicate a maximum Dip about 23", and a minimum between 2" and 5%, apparently
nearer 5° than 2h in the first quarter of 1842, but nearer 2 than 5 in the last quarter. The maximum seems
to occur somewhat earlier, and the minimum inter a in the summer than in the winter months.

} The ratio of the difference of Dip at 20" and 55 in winter to that in summer is nearly the same from both
_ Tables XXVI. and XXVIIL., though the quantities arerather different.

The annual diminution of Dip cen Table XXVII. appears greater than that from the: observation of the-
‘Inclinometer.

156 ABSTRACTS FOR THE TOTAL INTENSITY.

AR y
TABLE XXIX.—Monthly Mean Values of R’ the Differences of Total Magnetic Intensity, in parts of the

whole force, for the Observation Hours of 1842; deduced from Tables X. and XVIII., the value fo

December 20" being taken as Zero.

| Mean of the Be
Month. 20%, 23h, 2s, 5h, | Four Hours. || For each |For each Two

| | Month. Months.
January 0-00208 0-00214 0-00220 0-00227 0:00217 || 0-00019
February | 0-00191 0-00196 0-00200 0-00208 | 0-00199 0-00017 —
March | 0-00140 0-00146 0-00147 0.00172 | 0-00151 0-00032 o-c60z8
April | 0-00131 0-00121 0-00130 000168 | 0:00137 0-00047 4
May | 0-00132 0-00110 0-00121 0.00180 | 0-00136 0-00070 ee
June 0-00107 0-00099 0-00108 000136 | 0-00112 0-00037
July | 0-00094 0.00046 0:00055 0-00125 || 0-00080 0-00079 wiki:
August | 0-00067 0-00052 0-00064 0-00086 | 0-00067 0-00034 babes
September | 0.00049 0-00050 0-00076 0-00095 | 0-00067 0.00046 pec
October 0-00032 0-00035 0-00045 0-00067 | 0-00045 0-00035 era
November | 0-00016 0-00028 0 00044 0-00049 | 0-00034 0-00033 ae
December 0:00000 0-00005 0-00016 0-00019 0-00010 0-:00019 augue

This Table has been computed from the formula aa = sin? 0 Ax + cos? A= A

AR
TABLE XXX.—Mean Values of Sat for Three Months, for the Summer and Winter Months, and for the
Year 1842.

Period. 23h, : : Range. Mean of the
| Four Hours.

1842.
Jan., Feb., March 0-00150 0-00185 0-00189 0-00202 | 0.00022 0-00189

April, May, June 0-00123 0-00110 0-00120 0-00161 0-00051 0-00128
July, Aug., Sept. | 0-00070 0-00049 0-00065 0:00102 0-00053 0-00071
Oct., Nov., Dec. | 0-00016 0-00023 0:00035 0-00045 0-00029 0-00030

Jan., Feb., March,
Oct., Nov., Dec. }
April, May, June,
July, Aug., Sept. J
The Year 0-00097 0-00092 0-00102 0-00128 0-00036 0-00105

0-00098 0:00104 0-00112 0-00123 0:00025 0-00109

0-00096 0-00080 0-00092 0-00132 0.00052 0-00100

A maximum of total intensity probably occurs in the winter months before 234, and a minimum between
23" and 2".

The maximum seems to occur earlier in the summer months, and the minimum nearer 23" than 2,

The total intensity decreases from quarter to quarter, the rapidity of decrease diminishing rather regularly.

ABSTRACTS OF THE RESULTS

OF THE

METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS,

MADE AT THE OBSERVATORY OF

GENERAL SIR T. M. BRISBANE, Barr.,

MAKERSTOUN.

1841 anv 1842.

MAG. AND MET. OBS. VOL. 1. 2k

158 ABSTRACTS FOR THE BAROMETER.

TABLE I.—Monthly Means of the Height of the Barometer, corrected for temperature.

Month. 208. 23h, 2h, 5h, Mean of the
Your Hours.

1841. in. in. in. in. in.
July 29-435 29-470 29-482 29-487 29-468
August 29-576 29-566 29-553 29-569 29-566
September 29-479 29-492 29-487 29-468 29-481
October 29-350 29-392 29-363 29-382 29-372
November 29-433 29.493 29-450 29-440 29-454

1842.
January 29-594 29-611 29-568 29-568 29-585
February 29-592 29-609 29-606 29-641 29-611
March 29-502 29-500 29-483 29-459 29-486
April 29.980 29-978 29-923 29.905 | 29-946
May 29-656 29-643 29-602 29-601 29-625
June 29-780 29-773 29-765 29.742 29-765
July 29-680 29-676 29-657 29-651 29-666
August 29-718 29-721 29-731 29.717 29-722
September 29-664 29-669 29-635 29-630 29-650
October 29-692 29-695 29-678 29.665 29-682
November 29-440 29-451 29-454 29.450 29.449
December 29-618 29-655 29-655 29-673 29-650

in.
Mean Height of the Barometer for the five months of............ 1841, 29-460. .
Saree hdasaedepuncee cm toarrc Corresponding’. J. 0.2.s.cesecsoseaeeeres LOD, 29°634.

A maximum pressure occurs in both years in August, and a minimum in October 1841 and in November 1842.

The greatest mean pressure is that for April 1842; the least that for October 1841 ; the range being 0-574.

TABLE II.—Mean Height of the Barometer for periods of Three Month, for the Summer and Winter Months
of 1842, and for the Year 1842.

Mean of the
= i _ 3 Four Hours.
1841. | in. in. in. in. | in.
July, Aug. Sept. || 29-497 29-509 29-507 29508 | 29-505
October, November | 29-391 29-442 29-406 29-411 || 29-412
1842. | |
Jan., Feb., March | 29.563 29-573 29-552 29-556 H 29-561
April, May, June 29-805 29-798 29-763 29-749 || 29-779
July, Aug., Sept. 29-687 29-689 29-674 29-666 | 29-679
Oct., Nov., Dee. 29-583 29-600 29-596 29-596 29-594
Jan., Feb., March, re 5
Oct., Nov., Dee. \ 29.573 29-586 29-574 29-576 | 29-577
pril, May, June, || ; eas : : ,
Foasage Book } | 29-746 29-743 29-718 20-707 | 29-729
The Year 29-660 29-665 29-646 29-642 29-653
I

A maximum seems to occur about 23" in winter, and before 23" in summer ; a minimum between 28 and 5%

in winter, and nearer 5" than 2" in summer. :
The pressure in the three months, July, August, and September 1841, is about as much greater than that in~

the two following months, as the pressure in the third quarter of 1842 is greater than that in the last quarter.
5

j

i

;

ABSTRACTS FOR THE BAROMETER.

159

TABLE I11.—Containing the Hichest and Lowest Readings of the Barometer, corrected for Temperature, in each
Month, as obtained from all the Observations.

Month.

Gottingen

Mean Mime.

Highest Baro-
meter.

Gottingen

Mean Time.

Lowest Baro-
meter.

Range for the
Month.

Mean of the
Highest and
Lowest.

1841.
July

August

September
October
November

1842.
January

February

March
April

May

June

July
August
September
October
November

December

in.

29-819
29-916

30-038
29-984
30-246

30-136
30-203

30-113
30-154
30-276
30-187
30-127
30-097
30-245
30-304
30-249
30-263

in.

29-176
29-104

28-484
28-669
28-262

28-509
28-821

28-898
29-072
28-539
28-950
28-987
29-334
29-035
28-631
28-553
28-764

The greatest height of the Barometer in the five months oy 1841 was in November,

The least

The least

* The greatest see cee cee cee ee cee eee eee cone

es eee

Ostsher,

1842
“ January,

++++«+ November,

in.

29.497

30°246.
28°262.
30°304.
28-509.

While there is no marked difference in the summer and winter ranges of pressure to be deduced from the
“means at the observation hours, the extreme ranges of pressure are markedly greater in winter than in summer.
With two exceptions, the means of the highest and lowest are less than the means of the four hours.

TABLE IV.—Means of the Highest and Lowest Pressures in Table III.

Periods. Highest. Lowest. sap am ey
Five Months of 1841 30-001 28.739 29.370
The same Five Months of 1842 30-204 28-908 29-556
The Year 1842 30-196 28-841 29-568

160 ABSTRACTS FOR THE BAROMETER.

TABLE V.—Monthly Means of the Height of the Barometer minus the Pressure of Aqueous Vapour.

Month. 20h. 23h, 2h, 5h LES 0. HEE
Four Hours.
1841. in. in. in. in. in.
July 29-092 29-118 29-121 29.114 29-111
August 29-200 29-167 29-152 29-167 29-171
September 29-133 29-108 29-084 29-075 29-100
October 29-099 29-129 29-094 29-106 29-107
November 29-226 29-281 29-218 29-209 29-233
1842.
January 29-402 29-417 29-368 29-369 29-389
February 29-374 29-390 29-377 29-417 29-389
March 29-278 29-261 29-237 29-218 29-248
April 29-750 29-717 29-651 29.628 29-686
May 29-339 29.314 29-254 29.263 29-292
June 29-435 29-409 29-399 - 29-376 29-405
July 29-311 29-288 29-261 29.254 29-278
August 29-303 29-285 29.288 29-273 29-287
September 29-316 29-297 29-254 29-250 29-279
October 29-453 29-446 29-433 29-410 29-435
November 29.217 29.224 29-214 29-215 29-217
December 29-338 29-370 29-372 29-395 29-369

The greatest mean pressure of the dry air occurs in April 1842, the least in September 1841; the range —
being 0-586, nearly the same as for the moist air.

TABLE VI.—Mean Height of the Barometer minus the Pressure of Aqueous Vapour, for periods of Three Months,
for the Summer and Winter Months of 1842, and for the Year 1842.

. Mean of the
Period. 20%. 20%, ~ ’ Four Hours.

1841. | in
July, Aug., Sept. 29-142

October, November 29-162

1842.
Jan., Feb., March 29-351
April, May, June 29-508
July, Aug., Sept. || 29-310
Oct., Nov., Dec. | 29-336

29-343

Jan., Feb., March, |
Oct., Nov., Dec. \
April, May, June,
July, Aug., Sept. }
The Year. 29-376

29-409

A maximum in the pressure of the dy air occurs in the winter about 235, and in the summer nearer 20"
than 23).

A minimum oceurs in the winter between 2" and 54, and in the summer near 5" ?
The pressure of moist air, Table II., shews the same periods of maxima and minima.
The mean pressure of the dry air in summer differs much less from that in winter than in the case of moist air.

ABSTRACTS FOR THE THERMOMETERS. 161

TABLE VII.—Containing the Monthly Means for the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometers, at the Hours 20,
23, 2, and 5.

1841.
July
August
September
October
November

1842.
January
February
March

April
May

June

July
August
September
October
November
December

note, page 84.

ber, the range also being 61°-0

Dry Bulb Thermometer.

Wet Bulb Thermometer.

Mean of the Daily
Month.
Maxima. | Minima, | M4: and | Range.
62:3 48-7 55-3 13-6
62-8 47-7 55-2 15-1
September 61-0 47-3 54-1 13-7
October 49-8 38-5 44-1 11-3
November 42-3 30-6 36-4 11-7
1842.
January 37-0 27-6 32-3 9.4
| February 44.2 33-1 38-6 11-1
¢ March 47-9 34:8 41:3 13-1
| April 55-9 33-3 44-6 22-6
May 61-4 41-8 51:6 19-6
June 66-9 46-8 56:8 20-1
July 65-1 47-4 56-2 17-7)
August 68-6 51-2 59-9 17-4
September 61-8 47-3 54:5 14:5
October 51-2 37-6 44-4 13-6
November 44-6 34-8 39-7 9-8
December 49-5 40-2 44-8 9-3

“ MAG. AND MET. OBS, VOL. I.

54-5
56-4
53-2
43-6
35-5

Mean of
205 and 234,

The mean of 20" and 23? for the dry bulb thermometer is given as an approximate mean temperature for the month.
The means for the wet bulb in the month of May 1842 are not strictly comparable with those for the dry
bulb in the same month, as the readings of the wet bulb for a considerable period in May have been rejected. See

TABLE VIII.—Containing the Monthly Means, &c., for the Maximum and Minimum Self-Registering
Thermometers.

Maximum of the Minimum of the
Month. Month.
Mean: Range of
the Month.
‘Tempera- Tempera-
Day. ture. Day ture.
19 69-7 16 42-2 55-9 27-5
20 71-5 12 37:3 54-4 34-2
12 75-6 5 35-1 55-3 40-5
13 55-9 21 30-0 42.9 25.9
8 53-7 17 14-6 34-1 39-1
19 43-6 23 18-4 31-0 25-2
11 50-0 6 22-1 36-0 27-9
24 55-9 8 30-0 42.9 25-9
21 66-8 8 27-2 47-0 39-6
13 66-9 2 28-8 47-8 38-1
13 80-8 2 36-4 58-6 44-4
23 78-1 6 38-4 58-2 39-7
18 82-3 24 36-7 59-5 45-6
14, 15 70-6 20 36-5 53-5 34-1
11 62-6 19 24-2 43-4 38-4
] 57-6 14 21-3 39.4 36-3
30 58-5 31 28-4 43-4 30-1

The maximum and minimum in the five months of 1841 are 75°6 in September, and 14°-6 in November,
the range being 61°-0. In the la five months of 1842, they are 827-3 in August, and 21°-3 in Novem-

2s

162 ABSTRACTS FOR THE THERMOMETERS.

TABLE IX.—Means of the Maxima and Minima of Temperature for periods of Three Months, &c.

Mean of Daily Mean of Monthly

Periods.

: Max. and F 3 Max. and
Min. ane Max. Min. an.

1841. ° ° ° ° °
July, Aug., Sept. 47-9 54-9 . 72-3 38-2 55-2

Oct., Nov. 34-5 40-2 54:8 22:3 38:5

1842.
Jan,, Feb., March 31-8 37-4 49-8 23-5 36-6
April, May, June 40-6 51-0 715 30-8 51-1
July, Aug., Sept. 48-6 56-9 77-0 37-2 57-1
Oct., Nov., Dec. 37-5 42.9 59-6 24-6 42-1
The Year 39-7 47-1 64-5 29-0 46-7

The mean of the monthly maxima and minima for the third quarter of 1841, and for the second and third
quarters of 1842, is 0°-2 greater than the mean of all the daily maxima and minima for the same periods. The
mean of the monthly maxima and minima in the first and last quarters of 1842, is in each case 0-8 less than the
mean of all the daily maxima and minima for the same periods.

The mean of the maximum and minirnum in each month of 1842 is 0°.4 less than the mean of all the daily
maxima and minima in 1842.

TABLE X.—Monthly Means of the Pressure of Aqueous Vapour.

Mean of the
Month. 20%. 23, ; "i
on Four Hours.

1841. in. in. in. in. in.
July : 0-357
August . . . : 394
September . : . . 381
October : : : : 265
November : : : : +220

1842.
January : : : : +196
February : . : +25 +222
March : ‘ : : +237
April : : 275 . | +260
May : ; 3 ; -333
June : . : : -360
Al uly : . + . -387
August : “ . : 434
September : : : : -370
October : : : : +247
November : . : : +231
December : : : : 281

In forming the above Table, only those observations of the dry bulb thermometer were used which had cor-
responding observations of the wet bulb.
In the computations, Dr Apjohn’s formula was used approximately, viz., f’=/" = ; 96 being substituted

for 88 for temperatures below 32°. The values of /’ were taken from the Table page xi. Introduction to the
Greenwich Meteorological Observations for 1842.

ABSTRACTS FOR THE AQUEOUS VAPOUR. 163

TABLE XI.—Means of the Pressure of Aqueous Vapour for periods of Three Months, for the Summer and
Winter Months 1842, and for the Year 1842.

Period. : 23h, : i Mean of the
Four Hours.

1841.
July, Aug., Sept.
Oct., Nov.

1842.
Jan., Feb., March

April, May, June
July, Aug., Sept.
Oct., Nov., Dec.
Jan., Feb., March,
Oct., Nov., Dec.
April, May, June,
July, Aug., Sept.
The Year

The maximum pressure occurs between 2" and 5%, and it is greater in summer than in winter,

TABLE XII.—Monthly Means of the Relative Humidity, or of the ratio Eresqure, of Augean’ apes for the
Pressure at Saturation
Observation Hours, 20, 23, 2, and 5.

Mean of the
Month. . 0 ; ; Four Hours.

1841.
July

August
September
October
November

1842.
January

’ February
March
April
May
June
July
August

September
October
November

December

164 ABSTRACTS FOR Humipity, WIND, AND CLouDs.

TABLE XIII.—Mean Relative Humidity for periods of Three Months, for the Summer and Winter Months
1842, and for the Year 1842.

Periods.

1841.
July, Aug., Sept.
October, November

1842.
Jan., Feb., March

April, May, June
July, Aug., Sept.
Oct., Nov., Dee.
Jan., Feb., March, }
Oct., Nov., Dec.
April, May, June,
July, Aug., Sept. \
The Year.

Mean of the
Four Hours.

0-800
870

+835
“717
“767
+823

+829

“742
785

The humidity is least about 2" in winter, and between 9» and 5" in summer ; and is less in summer than in winter.

TABLE XIV.—Force of Wind at the Observation Hours, and Maximum Force between the Observation Hours.

Month.

May
June
July

August
September
October
November
December

Means

54 and 201,

Ibs.

20% and 234, | 23% and 2h, | 2h and 5b,

Ibs. Ibs. lbs.

The force of wind was estimated from May till the 21st of October, afterwards the pressures are from the
Anemometer. The quantities from the Anemometer are Ibs. pressure on the square foot of surface; the estima-

tions have nearly the same value.

A maximum seems to occur about 2.

TABLE XV.—Mean quantity of Clouds from May till December 1842 at the Observation Hours.

Month.

May

June

July
August
September
October
November
December

Means

20h,

Mean of the
2h ot || Four Hours.
6-6 6:5 6:8
5:5 66 6-1
8-1 6-7 77
7:3 7:3 7-5
8-4 71 8-1
6-2 7:3 6:3
7-8 8-5 8-0
7-0 7-5 7:3
7-1 7:2 7-2

A maximum in the quantity of clouds seems to occur about 23" in the months of June, July, August, and

September, and a minimum about the same hour in the other months.
hours are almost exactly those for the month of December.

The means for the 8 months at all the

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OBSERVATIONS

MAGNETISM AND METEOROLOGY,

MADE AT

MAKERSTOUN IN SCOTLAND,

IN THE OBSERVATORY OF

GENERAL SIR THOMAS MAKDOUGALL BRISBANE, BART.,

F.0.B., G.0.H., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., H.M.R.I.A., PRESIDENT OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH,
4 AND CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE,

In 1843.

DISCUSSED AND EDITED BY

JOHN ALLAN BROUN, Ese,

DIRECTOR OF THE OBSERVATORY.

EDINBURGH:
PRINTED BY NEILL AND COMPANY.

MDCCCXLVII.

= AT

CONTENTS.

IntTRopucTION— fa
Position and Description of the Observatory,---++++-+-++++rs+rssssreseeeeeseenneeeeeeeses cence: ix
System of Observation and Personal Establishment, -----+-++++-++sesseeeseeeeeeneee ere eeeees xi

Maeneticat [nstRUMENTS—
Declinometer—
Description of the Declinometer, xii
Values of the Scale Divisions, -----++-++++++++++seeese tee tee ten sen tease ceeseesneereneeees xiil
Scale Reading for the Magnetic Axis,.-.-+-+-+++seeeeeennsrerteceneeeessenestesceenen ees XV
Correction for the effects of the Bifilar and Balance Magnets, -------+-++++++--+-+- xvi
Correction for the effect of the Copper Ring or Damper, --------++++++++r++-++0-0+ xvii
Correction for the Non-Parallelism of the faces of the Plates of Glass in the Box, Xviii
Correction for the Torsion Force of the Suspension Thread, -------+++++++++++--- xviii
Facts relating to the Suspension Threads, ---++--+-++++-++-sseereererreeeseeeee tenons xix
Accidental Sources of Error xx
Adopted Scale Zeros-.s:ssesesseeeecnees sree eee enerec eee Coe Se non nsedkubes acct sascucdcosr tes Xxi
Time of Vibration of the Declination Magnet xxi
Absolute Magnetic Declination ----.------+- Seo RO LURE ERO AEGOSaES abr Boss negecenne 2 xxii
Unifilar Magnetometer and Observations of the Absolute Horizontal Intensity of the
Earth's Magnetism—
Position and Description of the Instrument, «---+-1--++++seeeretreeceeseseeeeeteetes xxiii
Mode of Observation and Reduction, ---------+++-++-+ Micatle csieesieus/aciclemeoapmeuianesies(sin XXiv
Observations of Absolute Horizontal Intensity, xxvi
Bifilar or Horizontal Force Magnetometer—
Description of the Instrument,-------0++-:eeeeeeece eee eee ene eee reece cere re ees castasateso XxXix
Adjustments and Values of Constants, --+++--+--eereeesee teense eee eeeneecuseeereneeeees XXxi
Constants for Reduction after altering the Reading of the Torsion Circle,--.--- xxiii
Corrections for the effects of the Declination and Balance Magnets, ------------ XXXiV
Time of Vibration of the Bifilar Magnet, xxxiv
Mode of Observation,----+--++s:+ss+0scerreeeteeeeesecea tes eseaerseeseeeecaeeaeeccueneeseces XXxXiv
Temperature of the Magnet,--+--++-+++s+sssescessescersereesseeersceeeeeneeens Scere Racoon xxxiv
Balance or Vertical Force Magnetometer—
Description and Theory of the Instrument, ------:00sseseeeee eee eee ec teee eee eeees aces XXXV
Practical difficulties in Dr Luoyn’s method of determining the Constants,----- XXXVi
New method of determining the Constants (Note), -----++-+++++se+--+s1rseeerseen ees XXXVI

Another method (that used in this volume) of determining the Constants, ---- XXxvil
Values of Constants and Adjustments,
Time of Vibration of the Balance Needle, -------++-+-+++-+++erees-serecnerereeeaeeees XXXVili

iv CONTENTS.

Pace

Determination of the Temperature Coefficients of the Magnets—

Temperature Coefficient of the Deflection Magnet..---+--++--++++++ss++rseereereeeees xlii
Temperature Coefficient of the Balance Magnet, ---- xliii
Temperature Coefficient of the Bifilar Magnet, ---+-++++:s0ssesesseeeer ees neeeneeeeees 1

Inclinometer—

Description of the Instrument «----.--+cseeeeceeeeecer ene ceeceecnnrereneenencsewedersecees lili
Facts relating to Observations,::+--+ssrserscreeeeeeeee cece eee aee ener eens ene neeenenen ene liv
Mereorotoaicat InstRUMENTS—

Barometer—
Description of the Instrument, sence mee nee eee tenner eee eee een eases eee eeeneeses senses eesees lv ;
Corrections applied to the Observations, Peco cok sc clink scti ce bucly se net uence smwaaae ccna lv

Thermometers—

Description and Position of the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometers, -------..---- lvi .
Position of Maximum and Minimum Register Thermometers,---+++--+-++++-++++++ lvii .
Corrections for Thermometers «++ +++esseeersreer ees eeeeesneeenennennrenscuseasaesneanaeces lvii

Rain-Gauges— |
Description and Positions of the Rain-Gauges, sce cccccstoccecucctcesevceverareresceve lvili {

Anemometer— .
Position and Description of the Anemometer, «-+-++++++++1++0++eessecteeeseererenaes iii ;
Mode of Observation, lx |

1
STATE OF THE SkY— |
Mode of estimating the Surface and Motions of Clouds, -----+-+-+-+++++++++sesee+eee000 lx
Crock, Stove, anp Computine Room—
Mean Time Clock, lx
Stove and Computing Room, -------:+++++s:cesescseesseeeesenesseeeenecenseeenseeecseensesens Ix
DescrIPTION OF THE TABLES OF OBSERVATIONS— |

Description of Tables containing the Daily Observations of Magnetometers,.-------- lxi

Description of Tables containing the Term-Day Observations of Magnetometers,.--- lxii

Description of Tables containing the Extra Observations of Magnetometers, ------- Ixii |

Description of Tables containing the Daily Meteorological Observations, -----.------ Lxii

Description of Tables containing the Term-Day and Extra Meteorological Obser- .
VAtIONS, sceeeeeeeeeeceeveeeceeenree eee cceeeeesrecsetaeeee ses esteeeaeeescetererteceeteeeteeene lxili

Reference to Tables of Abstracts, ----- Sesneemtenniienh|aeeletdam sine: scicie malsianices sita(taeicis elcid lxiv

Account of the method adopted in Projecting and Printing the Curves of Term-
Day Observations, mobcivcedencnticsecucises cats cc sesive Cane cdd eral se sameavian See eanisaae sc cancun lxiv
GENERAL REMARKS—
Reasons for the methods adopted in Reducing and Printing the Magnetical Obser-
VALIONS, -+reeeceeeeccencsec seen eeneeneenneenaeeeeeeteseaesseeeceseeseassseeeaeensnsengaeeaees lxiv
PostscripT—
New method of determining the Value of the Scale Divisions of the Bifilar Mag- :
netometer in Parts of the whole Horizontal Force, -++++++++.+seeerenseseesseese ees lxv
Results of Experiments in which the new method was employed, -:-+++++++++-++++++++ lxvi

CONTENTS. ~

Pac
MAGNETICAL OBSERVATIONS— ive
Darty OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, ---++sesesece ses eeeceeecnceseceaececncnesereeseeerectes 1
TeRM-Day OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, +++++++++eseeceeeeeeesececestceeneectensereeetecees 299
Extra OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, Sgudanjennicep panlncwamanajannverias chineiasvanticadeattes aivenebe 49
OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETIC DID, ....-0-.eceee-scenecntccsesccncscescsscscssavencessvessssteneeasesees 15
OBSERVATIONS OF ABSOLUTE HORIZONTAL INTENSITY, ---+-+eeseeeecseenesetecensteeteeteeeeees 79
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS—
Darby METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, +-++-eserceeecsceesceceeseacerensceeeeseesseeueustueeensees 85
Term-Day AND EXTRA METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, +++ e+eesesesereeseceeseeceeeenseneeenns 199
ABSTRACTS OF THE RESULTS OF THE MAGNETICAL OBSERVATIONS, 219
ABSTRACTS FoR THE Maenetic DEcLINATION—
Annual. Period, Reset d MAS eRe UEb las sn salt ann taa a scicicvelisnicnc'occiutaawa ccc ae aiwa'ecdiinice wedaneceshaneus 991
Variations with reference to the Position of the Moon, «--+++-+++s+e-ssseeeeeeeceeeeeees 223
Secular Change, Setatenttn nites ainiinistetetnsty/sia's a sinlsing'siaiela acioiw cists wwiaids develd eisjz sieves sie's'v Caines uals 4 ealtie ne ose ave 994
Diurnal Variation, Hance eee eee nee aes cannes necsen cancer ceneessetecneesncstetsesesenes 995
Ranges of the Variations with reference to the Sun,-----.--+-+s-ss+eeeseceeeeee ce sesnes 229
Ranges of the Variations with reference to the Position of the Moon, «---++--.+--++ 229
Horizontat Component oF Maenetic Force—
Annual Period, Guu Paua=uidebaten aed meals n'cisoyina a[naeemlsian calc e sivele ace > wimie amas lem clea eae aLaMee oe ons ol dsioRaice 930
Variations with reference to the Position of the Moon, «---.-s+se+eeeseeseeeeneeeecenes 932
Secular Change,....---....s0ssssseccnssssceseoscsessantancatcrces tastes seeeccecssececteeceasssuces 934
Mgr ral VWAVIAMOL, p20 <=2\cee n= ccs nsseverasiasencaercredsserccccsecerscseresnherancesutercccesiereese 2935
Ranges of the Variations with reference to the Sun,.---------.-.--sseseseeeeereeeee tesco 236
Ranges of the Variations with reference to the Moon, -----+---.++sc++.sssseeeecseeeeeeees 238
VerticaL Component oF Macnetic Force—
PAGINA OTA ARs oe sap satiate sanancaniasalsaelscueisleasivesiccs state sveccrsteseniex devs ies moach se cudesemenne 240
Variations with reference to the Position of the Moon, --+-+--+.-s+seeeseceeeeeseneeeees 241
DiMA Vari atlONy -ense =< c0n<cenomrnccasaniemsnvecessanarcecsnscwendccsctoosedencsdus cts seceseecccse 243
Secular Change, wae cupisintels ciajac sit ania cineo\scclepiacn ces aioe clasut cm ataa adneenaes cotsmea cet aaceetetoeee 945
Ranges of the Monthly Means of the Diurnal Variation,......-..+++..2::ceseeeseeeeeeees 245
Diurnal Ranges with reference to the Position of the Moon, --+----++s:sssseeeeeeeee os 247
Maenetic Drp—
Secular Change, aM easier sinlvints,cagnins s’esiaialaidaisip eas sais eemsamm seas sencee cenlesoaee seawane oreedeee 247
PAT MALY Ev Of, Payeeawessies iewse strain op.«neSecscetusescaawene rp destuavadeeas qahleuhla tie cesseee setae 247
Diurnal Variation, 248
Ranges of the Monthly Means of the Diurnal Variation, «--.---+--+es+--sesseeeesseneee 249
Variations with reference to the Position of the Moon, «----++---++2:-::1::sserteseeeerveee 250
Totat Maenetic Force—
Secular Change, Sded naa sensdeutndeisce sees vena alvdhsles cicerdaaleae de alsiaie sie t'ss'y cess ctdulcnacttentltecmentet ace 951
Annual Period, alate oeista' sla lefa einiaiate nrlele\eieia’s\s's'e 6 ayn bis eipieis uicarealsia1a dra a(aystc's wie'w s/a wis Noes Mie een ae tao 951
Diurnal Variation, miabtsinitainistw alein(ba\s ¢ mituslaiala s.c'b'cia's aisivia wiclals wipiulatn cinttoie sain ee ctetets ea ae oleae Setar aioe 252
Ranges of the Monthly Means of the Diurnal Variation,--------+--++-+++:+seeeeeeeeceees 253
Variations with reference to the Position of the Moon, -----.+--+.-+.ssereeseevecseeeseeee 253

vi CONTENTS.
ExtrREME Positlons—
During the Daily Observations ; with the Ranges, «++---++1+-+++++++s+r+-ss+reeeeeeernees
During observed Disturbances ; With the Ranges,--++++--++-serseeeeeeecerer eee eeeneeneeaes
During Term-Days; with the Ramges,-:-:+++-:+ssesssssereesssessssneneesseenseseecsesaneaes
Mean Positive and Negative Excesses of the Extreme Excursions of the Three
Magnets, wedanuasecdaledcccnbencacsseqeWusiinen <thiadaudacvencMabhun sedtemas rah @ena <> se ceikiate meen
Of the Daily Means, --++-::1s-s:sseceseeeteesesaeetsesceneecssesstersnsecntaeensesoneeeesseeeneees
Extreme Values of the Diurnal Ranges, Baws plow ctaiaieiesinielaleia'> steels elemioielameistetece sie ies(cinis/aiuat-Ieiee
IncLINOMETER—
Monthly Means of the Observed Magnetic Dip, -----+++++-1++se+eeesereeerscnsseeeeeneee ees
ABSTRACTS OF THE RESULTS OF THE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVA-
BRST COINS cases cereal cane ae a sg aaa a
TEMPERATURE OF THE AIk—
Annual Variation, BAO CAE SE HACIDOD OOS IETICD 00. CECE OD DIICCARCR PIEC CD ICO: Ar GOS CCE Imes Drigcobce
Diurnal Variation, BRA Asie SOs Ren endo OLOOG En ne COCR CCAIR TEAC OCD eC DEPT Clipart raceeserirosocccy ©
Approximations to the Monthly Means from Two Observations, ----++-++++++++++1++++
Diurnal Ranges oe ready eciaidiakic tania cecientne id ee eiuiaisanarviete.e Gelb siisie's civic c's a ae ac mesial emna ceca cae
Extreme’ Temperatures, eee teem e ence cece cn see cee acn ses erecceenseeseessessesseseeseeessnsesceneesees

TEMPERATURE OF EyAPORATION—

Annual Variation,

Diurnal Variation,--

Range of the Diurnal Variation, hid Nawcrawicas'ate swale Uatiws baste oSaeewecabadepadesoaccadaeaasneen

PrEssuRE OF AQUEOUS VAPOUR—

Annual Variation, --

Variations with reference to the Position of the Moon, -++-++++s1++essss sees eeeeneee eee nee
Extreme Daily Means ; with the Ranges-----+-+.-+sessssesesesseeseseeeereeeeescaeenereeens

Diurnal Variation, --

Range of the Diurnal Variation, niciauloe eters male wicle'ee/a'slente's bine elu vic'helele vie 'wble'kinla e ois mic bvatun ainiae Remar

RetativeE Humipiry—

Annual Variation, --

Extreme Daily Means ; with the Ranges, Asano CensiseMiesvmehicns(sistislesisas scene anets tia\aaneiaeetee
Variations with reference to the Position of the Moon, -+--++++++++-++-+0ee+seeeeeeereeees

Diurnal Variation,

Range of the Diurnal Variation, -+:++++-++--s1:+sssseeeceeeeeeestetesescterneeseeeeneeeeenes

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE—

Annual Variation, --

Variations with reference to the Position of the Moon,-++-++++-+++esseresereeseerereneeaee

Diurnal Ranges, -----
Diurnal Variation, --

Range of the Diurnal Variation, ----++++-+:+++++++- Rinta bis s/ays}alere's\visisia/cialsiaule'eianiel dws ajaeststalaiaiaais aired
Extreme Readings and Daily Means; with the Ranges, «++---+++-1-+ssseeeeeseee te eeeoee

Pressure oF Dry Ain—

Annual Variation, --
Diurnal Variation, --

Extremes of the Daily Means; with the Ranges,-----+++.++--+++eesrsseeseeeeee sereeeeeees

PAGE

254
255
256

257
258
259

259

261

263
264
265
267
267

268
269
269

270
271
271
272
273

274
274
275
275
276

277
278
279
280
280
281

282
283
285

—

eee eeEeE————— a

a

CONTENTS. Vil

PRESSURE AND DiRECTION OF THE WiIND— a
Annual Variation of the Maximum Pressures <++++++++rrrseecreseeeseeee sce eeeree eee eeeens 286
Annual Variation of the Approximate Means «+++-++-++-+erecsrsseseesseeeeseeeeeersseeees 287
Daily Maxima, ---+-+sssssescsssesenseeeeesssceseeesancssscscssesecsssevaneeneecseaesananenecetes 288
Diurnal Variation of the Maximum Pressures, «+++-++:+++-ssseresset es tee eee eee teen ene en ees 989
Diurnal Variation of the Approximate Means, ---++++++++++--+ssseteceeerseseeneeeceseen ees 290
Monthly Maxima, ---ceeeceeeeeceeeeceeecseseeeesceees eee eescnecnecseerersasaceaccarseesenercr ees 991
Annual Variation of the Number of Times which the Wind blew in 1843,----------- 294
Annual Variation of the Number of the Points of the Compass in which the Wind

ThVlesT, deseo ARR epaspag cree pO sncosoadh-neens Se Ra NE Mate AE aac 294
Annual Variation of the Sums of Pressures,-+-++++-+++:-sessestrseeereeeecneeceseeesecee 994
Annual Variation of the Mean Pressure while blowing, «----+++-+++ssceeeeeeeee nee een ene 294
Annual Variation of the Resultant Pressure, -----++++++++1e+-seeseeseeeeessreaecrsteneewaes 995
Direction of the Resultant, ----++-++++-+++seeeeseereeeeeeeeeeeesceneceeenecneaecreener esses eecees 995
Diurnal Variation of the Number of Times which the Wind blew, teense eenweneereeeees 298
Diurnal Variation of the Number of the Points of the Compass in which the Wind

Dew, -+eceecessseeeeee see ececeeeceneeeeneerencnenseesrenearesccssasacateecegencuarsnseccecncaces 298
Diurnal Variation of the Sums of Pressures,---+«+++++-+++-+ssesenseseteeeesercseeeneeeneres 298
Diurnal Variation of the Mean Pressure while blowing, «--++++eres++reeersre ese rereeeees 298
Times which the Wind blew from different Points, --+-++++--++++++sssseereeesereeerse eens 299
Sums of the Pressures with which the Wind blew from different Points, ----.-------- 299
Mean Pressure while blowing from different Points, -------+++++++++++eeeesrseeeeeeeceeeeee 299
Diurnal Variation of the Resolved Pressures in N. E. S. and W., and of the Re-

sultant, = BREA SO= RS ORCIRE SOC EID CB OEIREE DRY GIRS DRDO SOOT Oe SOG EE nn Se Rong Sa ne SCENE Cane 8300
Diurnal Variation of the direction of the Resultant,------+++++++++seeeerenerereeenerenenes 300

Mortons oF THE CLloups—

Differences of the Motions of the Upper and Lower-Currents of Air,----------+-++- ve 300

SurFace oF CLloup—

Annual Variation, eet ee eae nee Weise aaclen ces estas e cine boeki cemine sidelsiet aisle ders dsiaeelanidieata 302
Variation with reference to the Position of the Moon, -----++++++++++sssseeessereeeeeeeres 303
Extremes of the Daily Means, -----++--+++-+es1e+ssseeeesteneee ees eeetes een ten eee tceeeetesecaees 303
Diurnal Variation,-----------+++++sesee reese er eeee eee AO, ACE SARS E SSE EE CoE TOE E SICP ACEO 304

Rain—

Monthly Sums, --+---+ecsececeseseees ceseeescensnseeerescsessecsrececseerarsesesseeecscanseeaaaces 305
Monthly EEXtremes,-+-+eseceeeceeecereveceseneseeneersecensrreceserecscersesecsenserssaserecenaas 305
Number of rainy days, ng) IPR DADS DOC OCR DEED EA AOR CONE ASCO S“DOSeA OSD DDO-ODEREEP OAT Rec cniongca 305

Average daily fall for each Month, ---++++ssesesserecessssecersceeerecenaeessessaceseresssaune 305

ERRATA IN THIS VOLUME OF OBSERVATIONS FOR 1843.

Page xxxi., Introduction, for 11223 read 11238
— 14, June 224 2h, Balance Magnetometer, for 645°6 read 641°6, and for 65°3 read 64:8
— 18, Aug. 254 22h, Declinometer, for 22:08 read 22°20
— 25, Nov. 244 18», Bifilar Magnetometer, for 521'9 read 522-2
— 25, Nov. 244 20, Balance Magnetometer, for 838:2 read 8374
— 30, 145 0, Bifilar Reading, for 557:2 read 537-2
— 41, 9" 0m, Balance Reading, for 80°63 read 806-3
— 44, 195 5m, Bifilar Reading, for 815-1 read 515-1
— 44,18 10™, Declination Reading, for 15°54 réad 17°56
— 46, 145 30™, Bifilar Reading, for 217°2 read 517-2
— 54, Mar. 74 7» 53m, Balance Reading, for 004:1 read 1004'1
— 654, Mar. 74 85 13™, Balance Reading, for 1976°7 read 976°7
— 54, Mar. 124 75 15™, Balance Minute of Observation, place 15 before 1070-0
— 67, July 254 104 23m, Balance Reading, for 826-6 read 626-6
— 73, first line of figures, 8th column, for Dec. 284 2 read Dec. 284 3»
— 86, Jan. 44, col. Max. and Min., for 26°5 read 34:0?
— 146, July 214/84, col. Diff., for 3-1 read 2'9
— 170, Oct. 84 184, col. Barometer, for 30°229 read 29:229

ERRATA IN THE VOLUME OF OBSERVATIONS FOR 1841 AND 1842.

Page xv., Introduction, 6th line from foot, delete between

— xx, a lines 8 and 2 from foot, for A read A’
— Xxx, —— last line, after A add = 180° — A’
— xxxv., —— _ last line but one for 2° 30’ read 12° 30°

— 137, Table III., delete 25° below Range.

INTRODUCTION.

DESCRIPTIONS OF INSTRUMENTS, ADJUSTMENTS, AND DATA
FOR REDUCTIONS.

§ 1. Postrion AND DESCRIPTION OF THE OBSERVATORY.

1. The Magnetical and Meteorological Observatory at Makerstoun, in Rox-
burghshire, was erected by General Sir Tuomas MaxpouGaLu BrisBane, Bart., in
the year 1841. The geographical co-ordinates are as follow :—

Latitude, ; ; : é 55° 34’ 45” N.*
Longitude, . : : n 0» 10™ 3:58 W. of Greenwich.t

Height of the barometer cistern above mean water at Berwick, 213 feet.

The last ordinate was obtained by connecting the Astronomical Observatory
with levels made from Berwick to the opposite bank of the Tweed, for a railway
from Berwick to Melrose. This determination has been verified by the results of
many series of barometrical observations, made simultaneously at Berwick and
Holy Island by Sir T. M. Brispanz, and at Makerstoun by Miss M. BrisBane.
The following are examples of the results taken at random :—

Height of the cistern of the barometer in Sir T. M. BrisBANE’s library above
mean water at

Feet.
Berwick, Aug. 21, 22 1837, 10 Comparisons, 4 ap preol:6
Holy Island, Oct. 9, —4 p.m. 1839, 1... p . 226-2
OctiylO; L6—=S0 AM Bees O Mae eaceaecne : » 2297
NOON pacer ORS EL a nnateete cai 6 » 227-1
a8) PE ade GE Baoobdendcaneae ‘ . 2293
A Mipebanadooabene : - 2209
Feet.
Giving the results weights depending on the number of comparisons, the mean is 225-6
The correction to the Observatory barometer cistern (by levels) é : . — 120
Height of Observatory cistern, . F - - ° 5 d : ¢ . 2136
* Ast. Nach., vol. x. p. 214. + Mem. Ast. Soc., vol. xi. p. 171.

MAG. AND MET. OBS. 1843. c

x INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

Comparisons of simultaneous observations made at the Edinburgh Observatory
by the late Professor HENDERSON, and at the Makerstoun Observatory, gave the

difference of heights of the barometer cisterns :—
Feet.
Edinburgh Observatory minus Makerstoun Observatory, . 130

Height of the Edinburgh barometer cistern above mean water at Leith (by levees 352

Height of Makerstoun barometer cistern, - ; ; 5 : : : 222

2. The Magnetic Observatory is situate nearly on the summit of a ridge, which
occupies the left or northern bank of the Tweed, being 540 feet distant from, and
80 feet above that river. The Astronomical Observatory is upon the highest part
of the ridge, 140 feet due west of the Magnetic Observatory. A fair horizon is seen
from the Observatory hill, being bounded about 10 miles to the east by a slightly
swelling ground, which, to the east-south-east, seems to join the Cheviot Hills. The
view is bounded about a mile to south and south-west by a ridge, forming the right
bank of the Tweed; about 500 feet to the south-west and north-west by masses of
trees in the Makerstoun grounds ; and from 1 to 3 miles to north-west, north, and
north-east, by an elevated ridge, which forms, to some extent, the northern boundary
of the valley of the Tweed. From north, by the east, to the south, the elevation of
the horizon, with a slight exception, is under 2°; from the north to the north-west,
increasing from 2° to 4°; from the north-west ie the south-west, the tops of the
trees are elevated from 5° to 8°; and from the south-west to the south the eleva-
tion is under 4°. The highest point of the Cheviots, which is 2656 feet above the
level of the sea, is about 18 miles to the east-south-east ; it is occasionally referred
to in the meteorological remarks on clouds.

3. The Observatory hill, it is believed, is composed of felspathic trap. The
Tweed, immediately to the south, and for a mile to the east and west, flows more
or less through this rock, which does not appear upon any part of the hill. The
opening for a foundation to the Observatory shewed only masses of rolled pebbles,
and boulders of greywacke and trap.

4. The Observatory is rectangular in its plan, 40 feet by 20 feet internally. It
is formed of wood ; copper nails were used ; and iron carefully excluded from every
part of the structure. The pillars for the magnetometers and telescopes are of
stone, from 22 inches to 19 inches in diameter, and are placed upon excellent stone
foundations, completely disconnected with the floor, and every part of the building.
By a reference to the plan and elevation, the following details will be understood.
(Plate I.)

There are two windows to the south, with the door between ; and three to the
north, which open like folding doors. The dimensions of the principal apartment
are, 40 feet long, 12 feet broad, and 12 feet high. The two ante-rooms are each
15 feet long, 7 feet broad, and 12 feet high. The instruments are indicated in the
plan as follows :—

SYSTEM OF OBSERVATION, AND PERSONAL ESTABLISHMENT. xi

D, The Declinometer.
t, Its Reading Telescope.
A, The Azimuth Circle and Transit.
H, The Bifilar or Horizontal Force Magnetometer.
t’, Its Reading Telescope.
P, A Pillar for a Collimator (not used).
V, The Balance or Vertical Force Magnetometer.
I, The Inclinometer.
B, The Standard Barometer.
W, The Anemometer.
W’, The Wind Vane Dial-Plate.
T, The Thermometer Case.
C, The Mean Time Clock.
S, The Copper Stove.
ns, The Astronomical Meridian.
Dt, The Magnetical Meridian.
The two vanes to the right in the elevation are those for the direction and
force of the wind ; the other two were added after 1843.

§ 2. SysTEM OF OBSERVATION, AND PERSONAL ESTABLISHMENT.

5. The system of observation followed in 1841 and 1842 consisted of four
daily observations of the magnetical and meteorological instruments, at the hours
of 8 and 11 a.M., and 2 and 5 p.m., hours recommended by Dr Luoyp for one per-
manent observer ;* of term observations, made once a month for 24 hours; of
observations of magnetic dip ; and of extra magnetical observations, made during
marked magnetic disturbances. The personal establishment in 1841 and 1842 con-
sisted of one permanent observer, and three assistants on term-days. It seemed
desirable to render the daily observations somewhat more complete; and as this
would also necessarily entail a greater amount of labour in reductions, Sir Tuomas
_ BRIsBANE, on my suggestion, through Professor Forses, and with his advice, added
another permanent observer to the establishment. Mr JoHn WELSH, a student in
_ Arts of the Edinburgh University, was appointed in the end of December 1842.
_ The term-assistants in 1843 were Messrs Hoce and Dons, who assisted in the pre-
vious year. In 1843, the daily observations were made at every even hour of Got-
tingen mean time, from 6 a.m. till 10 P.M., or at every two hours, from 5" 10™ a.m.
till 9° 10" p.m., Makerstoun mean time. The other observations consisted of term-

* The observer had also the charge of a Transit Instrument, and of several Sidereal Clocks, which

__were compared daily.

Xil INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

day and extra magnetical and meteorological observations, of observations of mag-
netic dip, and of the absolute horizontal magnetic force.

It will be allowable for me to express here, how much I owe, in the conduct of
the Observatory, to the unceasing kindness of its founder and supporter, Sir THomas
BRISBANE, as well as to his suggestions, and his uniform attention to every proposal
that might in any way tend to the advancement of science. I owe a like acknow-
ledgment to Professor J. D. Forprs, and also to Dr H. Luoyp.

§ 3. DECLINOMETER.

6. The declination magnetometer was obtained from Gruss of Dublin. The
magnet is 15 inches long, { inch broad, and } inch thick. It fits into a stirrup,
whose two eyes receive an axle attached to the suspension thread. Near the north
extremity, it carries a scale divided on glass; near the other (about 12 inches, the
focal length, distant from the scale) a lens of 1} inch diameter. A marble slab,
cemented to the top of the declinometer-pillar, carries two copper tubes, 35 inches
long, which are connected at the top by a mahogany tie, bearing the torsion-circle
and the suspension apparatus ; and, about 7 inches from the slab, by another
wooden cross-piece, which supports a giass tube enclosing the suspension thread ;
the latter cross-piece, together with two glazed lids, fitting on a wooden drum, com-
pletes the enclosure of the suspended magnet, and of the copper ring used for check-
ing the vibrations of the magnet. There are two glazed apertures in the sides of
the box; one to the north, where a small mirror throws in light upon the glass scale ;
the other to the south, between the lens and the reading telescope. Previously
to September 1843, the glazed lids fitted loosely on the box, and the latter did not
rest closely on the marble slab, so that the magnet was probably affected by exter-
nal currents of air. In June 1843, a rectangular pasteboard box, open at the ex-
tremities, was placed within the cylindrical box and round the magnet, which would
have some effect in destroying internal currents: in September 1843, a wooden
box was substituted, formed of two pieces fitting into each other in the middle by a
groove and tongue, glazed at the extremities, and having only a small aperture for
the suspension thread: at the same time, all the joints of the outer box, as well
as the lower edge of the inner box, were covered with velvet, and the boxes were
pressed firmly against the marble slab by means of leaden weights, which were pre-
viously determined to have no effect on the position of the magnet. In order, also,
to destroy any effect of radiation in the formation of aérial currents, both boxes were
covered with gilt paper, internally and externally.

7. The pillar of the azimuth circle and transit used for determinations of the
absolute declination, is between the pillars of the magnetometer and its reading
telescope. The theodolite is by Trovguron; the circle is 15 inches in dia-

DECLINOMETER. Xili

meter, is divided to 5 minutes, and is read to 5 seconds with the three verniers.
By some accident, the circle has probably been flattened on one side, as there the
verniers enter rather too much on the graduations ; the error due to this is, how-
ever, very small. The lines of collimation of the theodolite and reading teles-
copes coincide when the middle wire of the former is made to ccincide with the ver-
tical wire of the latter. The circle is retained in the same position on its pillar,
but the transit telescope is removed, excepting when required for observations of
absolute declination. The reading telescope is fixed to its pillar. Following are
the determinations of the data requisite in reducing the observations of the decli-
nometer.

8. Value of the declinometer scale divisions in angular measure.

The scale generally used consists of 500 divisions ; but, during observations
of absolute horizontal intensity, the magnet with this scale is removed to the uni-
filar magnetometer, and a magnet with a scale of 300 divisions is substituted in
the declinometer. The observations, Table 2, Introduction, for 1841-2, gave one
division of the long scale = 0-'6710. Observations were also made on December 2,
4, and 5, 1843, and on October 22, 1844. The results were as follow :—

Dec. 2. 1843. Two series of observations, only one vernier of the circle read.

1st series; measures of 200 divisions; one division of the long scale = 0'-6725
MSE nemo orice soe tre asseseasiees acacia tencsedactsesanecne secay secucernasconsssti-e = 0°6725

These results were obtained after applying a correction on account of the non-coin-
cidence of the graduations of the vernier with those of the circle.

Dec. 4. 1843. One series; measures of 100 divisions ; one vernier read ; one
division of the long scale =0-'6728.

Dec. 5. 1843. Before the previous observation, it was found that the lens of
the collimator was somewhat loose ; it was then, it is believed, made more so. This
was owing to the frame not being screwed hard up into the collar, which was now
done.

One series ; one vernier read ; measures of 100 divisions; one division of the long scale
_ £06715 B.
= {veri} ; observer {w.

Oct. 22. 1844. Owing to the difference of the results on Dec. 5. 1843, from
those on the previous occasions, the following short series of observations were
made with much care. All the three verniers were read, the readings being made
first with the right and then with the left eye; the mean of the two being taken as
the true reading.

MAG. AND MET. OBS. 1843. d

XIV INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

TABLE 1.—Values of one of the Long Scale Divisions.

Observer B. Observer W.

Mean of Value of Mean of Reale Mean of Value of

Mean of
al Scale
EMG three Dione three one secs three Divitions three one

Division. : a cee . Y acs
Verniers. Verniers. Division. Verniers. Verniers. Division.

° , ” ° , u , ° , u ° , ” ,

160 | 55 18 46-25 54 11 34-17 | 0.67201 180 | 54 59 9-17} 280 | 53 51 51-25) 0-67300
170 | 55 12 4-17 54 4 50-21} 67233 190 | 54 52 22.50) 290 | 53 45 7-50) 67250
180 | 55 5 20-83 53 58 2-50] 67305] 200 | 54 45 38-33) 300 | 53 38 25-00| 67222

1st series, observer B; one long scale division = 067247
2d series, observer W 3 cercsecssseeeeeceeeee see ce » = 0°67257
The adopted mean value of one division of the long scale of 500 divisions = 0-6725.*

Aug. 5. 1843. A short series of observations was made to determine the value
of one division of the short scale of 300 divisions.

Three verniers read ; measures of 50 divisions ; one division of the short scale

0°'7504 B.
Ss { 0-7502 } ; observer (Ww.

Nov. 29. 1843. Two series of observations were made with one vernier. The
readings in the following Table are the means of the readings by Mr WELSH and
myself.

TABLE 2.—Values of one of the Short Scale Divisions.

First Series. 15, Second Series. 3,

bet k aee Value of | gcale ae Be Scale Velkate Value of
Se? Se pone) | Divasion. |e cr - 5 | Division: |p ita Staee one
Division. Division. |

Scale

Vernier B. Division

Cr " Cyt ” , pa? ” ,

55 26 56-5 54 49 27-5 | 0-74967 54 11 28-0 53 34 2:5 0-74850.
55 19 26-0 54 41 57-5 74950 54 3 58-5 53 26 31-0
55 11 56-0 54 34 27:5 74950 53 56 30-0 53.19 2-5
55 4 3-0 54 26 52-0 75267 53 48 55-0 2 53 11 35-0
54 56 55-5 ‘ 54 19 23-5 75050 53 41 32-5 53 4 3.5

1st series ; one division of the short scale of 300 divisions = 07504
Qd'weriesi! ste. dseenceee Yass as eh Me oated te doe’ Pet eis = 07486
The anne value of one division of the heck scale = 07500.

* The differences in the partial results, it is believed, are not due to errors of graduation of the

x,
scale, as different comparisons give different results. If greater accuracy could be gained in the read-
ings of the horizontal circle, it is obvious that the mean of the angle subtended by one or two hundred

scale divisions ought not to be taken as the value of the angle subtended by one scale division,

DECLINOMETER. XV

9. From the adopted values of the long and short scale divisions, the co-effi-
cient for reducing divisions of the short scale to the same value as the divisions of
the long scale, is — = 1-115; the reciprocal = 0-897.

10. Determination of the scale readings at the magnetic axis of the declinome-
ter magnet.

For this purpose, the scale reading is first observed with the magnet in its
usual position (direct), and next with the magnet inverted, the stirrup being made
with prolonged sides to admit of this inversion. Simultaneous observations of the
unifilar magnetometer are made in order to eliminate the changes of declination
during the intervals. When these eliminations are performed, the mean of the
reading with the magnet, direct and inverted, is the reading at the magnetic axis.
Increasing readings (the magnet being direct), indicate decreasing westerly decli-
nation.

1. Observations with the Long Scale.

May 5.1843. 1 inversal (the copper ring used) gives the zero reading, 256-87

PMs Gs, USA GL $b) <c-n den snpnec nny -ncanoconenc-nécceennvannsarnecste-anuenuagnareesaranssnnspess 257-30

iy 1.3 EEL STIRS OURS Ree am em Een 256:88
Oct. 16. 1844. In the following series the copper ring was not used.

_ TABLE 3.—Long Scale Reading at the Magnetic Axis of the Declination Magnet.

Unifilar, minus Mean of each
B . . 129 Se. Div. two direct, | Reading for
Position of |Declinometer) Unifilar reduced to the |, | and of each Magnetic
Magnet. Reading. Reading. Declinometer Direct Inverted two Axis.
minus tt. plus u. inverted.

Declinometer Reading.

Sc. Div. Se. Div. . Div. Se. Div. Se. Div. Sc. Div.
Direct 269-67 129-75 E 268-83
Inverted. 245-10 129-58 E 245-75 268-65
Direct 268-89 129-38 : 268-46 245-69
Inverted 245-30 129-30 * 245-63 268-53
Direct 269-67 129-95 . 268-61 245-62
Inverted 243.92 130-52 : 245-61 268-69
Direct | 271-33 131-29 . 268-78 245-57
Inverted 242-19 132-00 . 245-53 268-72
Direct 272-22 132-19 : 268-66 245-66
Inverted 241-59 132-77 . 245-79 268-70
Direct 273-31 133-10 . 268-74

The mean reading of the long scale for the magnetic axis = 257-14.

This determination has been adopted, as the varying position of the copper
ring in the other series was apt to render the results uncertain. (See No. 12.)

XVi INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

The zero used for the observations 1841 and 1842=255-2 (Introduction, 1841-2,
Table 4), was used till Jan. 13. 1843, after which the previous determination was
taken, as it was conceived that some change might have occurred at that date in a
slight adjustment of the appendages of the magnet, made for the purpose of balanc-
Ing it.

2. Observations with the Short Scale.

TaBLE 4.—Short Scale Reading at the Magnetic Axis of the Declination Magnet.

Unifilar, minus
Declino- | Upigiar 250 Se. Div.,
meter reduced to the
Reading. Declinometer Direct Inverted
MINUS Us plus u.

Declinometer Reading. | Mean of | Reading
two direct
or
inverted.

Position of
Magnet.

Reading.

d. h. . Div. Se. Div. Se. Diy. Se. Diy.
July 31 3} Direct : 142-49 |-

Inverted : 154-58

Direct : 140-13
Inverted : 154-07
Direct . 138-06

Inverted : 157-35
Direct : 136-69

Direct : 137-45
Inverted
Direct . 137-79

Direct . 138-82
Inverted “
Direct . 139-73

Direct - 141-18
Inverted : :
Direct : 141-31
Inverted :
Direct : 140-69

The mean reading of the short scale for the magnetic axis = 147-11.

Corrections to be applied to the Scale Readings at the Magnetic Awis of the Declina-
tion Magnets, in order to obtain the zeros of the scales.

11. Correction for the effects of the bifilar and balance magnets on the read-
ings of the declination magnet.

The effect of the bifilar magnet (by Table 5. of the Introduction to the Obser-
vations for 1841 and 1842, north end west) = — 0°64 long scale divisions.

Sept. 4. 1843, and Jan. 25. 1844. The balance magnet was removed for the
purpose of determining its temperature co-efficient. Its effect (north end east) was
found = + 0°79 and + 0°80 long scale divisions, on the respective occasions.

DECLINOMETER. XVil

The adopted effect of both magnets, and, therefore, the correction of the scale
reading at the magnetic axis for the zero, = + 0:16 long scale divisions, or + 0°14
short scale divisions.

12. Correction for the effect of the copper ring or damper.

In 1843 many series of observations were made in order to determine this cor-
rection ; the reading of the declination magnet was observed with the copper ring
in its place, and when removed from the box. The results were contradictory,
being, for the effect of the copper ring, from — 1°82 to + 1:89 long scale divisions,
and led to the belief that the effect was small, if anything: the differences in the
results, it was presumed, were due to the currents of air generated in lifting and
shutting the box, to the changes of declination occurring at the time, and to the
greatly increasing are of vibration when the ring was removed. In July 1843,
after an extra declinometer was obtained (§ 4), the results were equally contradic-
tory, the differences being attributed to aérial currents, as before. The result of
the best observations being nearly zero, the ring was therefore allowed to remain.

Oct. 7. 1844. Careful series of observations were made, every precaution was
taken, with the aid of the double boxes, to prevent internal currents of air, and the
position of the ring on the marble slab was marked, so that it occupied exactly the
same place after each removal. It is conceived that it was owing to a failure in the
latter precaution that many of the irregularities of the previous results were due.
In the following series, each of the declinometer and unifilar readings is a mean of
two or three series of comparative observations, the series being made at intervals
of about ten minutes.

TABLE 5.—Observations to determine the effect of the Copper Ring or Damper on
the Long Scale Readings of the Declination Magnet.

Unifilar reading,

E minus 130 Se. Div., fs Means of two
Copper Ring | Declinometer reduced to Declinometer on, and of two Effect of

on or away. Reading. Declinometer MINUS Ue away. Copper Ring,

Se. Diy. ¢. Div. Se. Div.
275-52
274-63 . 265-70
271-16 . 267-35
271-63 . 265-74
267-45 : 267-50
271-56 “02 265-96
269-02 : 267-50
270-62 : 265-60
269-72 . 267-27
273-38 . 265-23
271-67

| The mean of the partial results for the position of the ring during these obser-
vations = — 1-7 long scale divisions. The position of the ring in this case, how-

MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. e

Xviil INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

ever, differed slightly from that which it was conceived the ring occupied previously ;
and it should be remarked that when any cause (such as elimination of the torsion
of the suspension thread) rendered it necessary to remove the ring, it was replaced,
by means of marks on the marble slab, very nearly in the same position. After
the above series of observations, the ring was moved till its north end was 5° to the
east, and its south end was 5° to the west of its usual position, when the effect of
the ring was found = + 4-2 long scale divisions.

Oct. 15. 1844. Observations were made with the ring in its usual position, and
in the position occupied during the series of observations in Table 5, when the effect
in the latter position, compared with that in the usual position, was found = — 0:8
long scale division, so that the effect of the copper ring in its usual position would
= — 09 scale division. A single comparison with the ring in its usual position
and away, gave the effect = — 1-4.

13. The adopted effect of the copper ring during 1843 = — 1-0 long scale
division.

As the effect of the ring varied with its position, if its position remained con-
stant it would also vary with the changing declination. When the westerly declina-
tion diminished, the negative effect of the copper ring would be increased, and vice
versa ; but this variation would be inconsiderable for the ordinary diurnal changes.

14. Correction for the effect of the non-parallelism of the plates of glass in the
declinometer boxes.

The magnet being caused to rest on wooden blocks, the scale readings were
observed with the glass in its usual position, reversed, and away, but no difference
in the readings could be detected; the effect is therefore zero.

15. Correction for the torsion force of the suspension thread, and the prin-
cipal facts relating to the latter. .

The errors due to the torsion force of the suspension thread are produced, first,
by the magnet moving out of the plane of detorsion ; secondly, by the variation of
this plane (due generally to the varying humidity of the atmosphere).* The error
due to the former, even in the most marked case, is less than the probable error of
observations, and it is altogether inappreciable compared with the error due to the
second.

If the plane of detorsion be that of the magnetic meridian, and the magnet be
deflected through the are u by turning the arms of the torsion circle w, the torsion
is w—w, and the ratio

u torsion force for an are = radius SEM

Al

mw —u earth’s mag. force x mag. moment of the bar F

* This source of error was removed to a considerable extent in January 1844, by placing a thick
cotton cover over the whole declinometer.

+ The symbols used in the “ Report of the Committee of Physics and Meteorology of the Royal
Society,’ and by Dr H. Luoyn, are generally adopted in this volume.

DECLINOMETER. X1x

is the quantity by which the deviations of the magnet from the plane of detorsion
should be multiplied, to obtain the decrements due to torsion. If n be the observed

deviation, (1 a n = the true deviation. Following are the observations for the

value of un no use has been made of them for this correction.

F |
Jan. 134 25,1843. Are“! w = { bate are"! w= fisead 3; mean value of : =0:00154.
Aug. 74 25, fiat Aret w= { rt are-tu= each ; mean value of g =0:00147.

16. The second and most important error due to the torsion force is that pro-
duced by the varying plane of detorsion. Unless when the period and extent of
change is known, it can only be corrected practically. This is done occasionally in
the following manner :—The magnet being removed, a brass bar of nearly the same
dimensions and weight being suspended, and the box being completely closed, the
extremities of the arc of vibration are observed through the glazed lid. The marble
slab beneath having radii drawn for every 5° on each side of the magnetic meridian,
the position of rest being estimated, its deviation from the magnetic meridian is
known, and the arms of the torsion circle are turned an equal amount in the oppo-
site direction. Much care and time were bestowed on these observations, the ex-
tremities of at least two vibrations being observed, so that the torsion might be as
completely eliminated as possible. Some annoyance was experienced by the break-
ing of the suspension thread, which was formed of 20 fibres of untwisted silk. The
necessity of removing the magnet for the purpose of eliminating the torsion, was, it
is believed, occasionally a source of it, owing to the difficulty of holding the thread
with a force exactly equal to the weight of the magnet till the suspension of the
brass bar, and the consequent liability to strain, or by loosening, to alter the dispo-
sition of the fibres ; but much graver errors would have been introduced by leaving
the magnet wholly untouched.

17. The principal facts relating to the suspension thread.

Jan. 2* 21". 1843. The plane of detorsion was found + 26° from the magnetic
meridian (reckoning deviations to the east of the magnetic north positive). This
change, since December 20. 1842, it is probable, was produced in taking out the
Bs - magnet and inserting the brass bar, as it was found that a fibre of the suspension
thread was then broken ; another fibre was probably broken on again inserting the
magnet, as on

Jan. 6. 1843, the error of the plane of detorsion was found + 30°; the broken
fibres were withdrawn on Jan. 13, and the torsion eliminated.

May 26% 3". Two fibres of the suspension thread were found broken ; the tor-
sion was eliminated.

June 16° 2". Three fibres of the suspension thread were found broken ; all the
broken fibres were removed from the thread, and the torsion was eliminated.

x: INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

June 221 9" 5™, About the termination of the term observations it was dis-
covered that three fibres of the suspension thread were broken ; when the box covers
were removed, the stirrup of the magnet was found resting on the copper ring. The
observations for some time before this was noticed were found valueless ; and it is
probable that they were affected by a varying torsion force throughout the day.

June 224 22", While taking out the magnet and suspending the brass bar, the
suspension thread broke fibre by fibre. A new suspension thread was prepared a
week ago in the following manner :—A quantity of the compound silk fibre, about
23 times the length of the desired suspension thread, was run several times from
one extremity to the other, between the thumb and index, until almost all the twist
which the fibres receive.in reeling was removed ;* the fibre was then wound side
by side round two pins, placed at the required distance in such a manner that no
twist was introduced in the winding; a weight was then suspended by the lower ex-
tremity of the loop thus formed, so as to allow the fibres to take the same length,
the torsion was so small that the weight did not revolve above 180°. After hang-
ing thus for a week, the thread was to-day placed in the declinometer, great care
being taken in pegging the extremity, and in winding up to keep the fibres in their
respective positions ; this thread was not tied throughout its length, as in the pre-
vious case several of the breaks were observed to occur at one of the lower ties.

June 29. It was found that several trials gave different positions for the plane
of detorsion.

June 294 23", The plane of detorsion was found to have varied — 74°; this
was eliminated. The brass bar was then lifted two or three times, so as to loosen
the fibres, after which the error of the plane of detorsion was found — 26°; this
was also eliminated, and the bar again lifted, when another trial gave the error of the
plane of detorsion— 203°. After elimination the magnet was inserted. 3043", The
magnet being removed, and the brass bar inserted, the error of the plane of detor-
sion was found + 543°, which was eliminated. It was quite evident that the fibres
took different relative positions too easily, so that, in exchanging the brass bar for
the magnet, or vice versa, considerable torsion might be introduced. At 30¢ 74, the
thread was removed from the declinometer, and suspended on a pin, with the brass
bar attached. When the latter came to rest, the thread was tied firmly (but not
too tightly) at half-a-dozen places throughout its length with pieces of cotton thread ;
the suspension thread was then replaced in the instrument, and, after careful wind-
ing up, the torsion was eliminated. This thread, composed of 22 fibres, has an-
swered well, improving as it got older. The greater changes of the plane of detor-
sion will be found generally connected with some cause stated in the notes to the
Daily Observations of Magnetometers.

18. Accidental sources of error.

* The fibre is termed untwisted silk ; it is not, however, free of twist, as a slight examination will shew.

DECLINOMETER. Xxi

March 29. 1843. A small magnet, intended to be placed in the brass bar to
facilitate the determination of the plane of detorsion, but which was never used,
was found in the writing-desk ; the latter occupied a position to the east of the
reading telescope of the declinometer, except on term-days, when, for convenience,
it was moved to a position nearly midway between the declination and balance mag-
netometers. In the usual position of the desk, the greatest effect of the small mag-
net, on the reading of the declination magnet, might be from — 0°2 to + 0:2; and
during term-days from + 1’*1 to— 11. It is probable that the magnet remained
in the same position in the desk, and, therefore, the effect would be constant for
each position of the desk.

The large copper stove, occupying the position S in the plan, was removed
early in 1844. Its effect was tried on the balance needle, by approaching and re-
moving it, and was found to be nothing.

19. From Nos. (11) and (13) we find the following corrections to be applied to
the scale readings at the magnetic axis of the declination magnet, in order to obtain
the readings which shall be used as the zeros of the scales :—

Reading of the long scale at the magnetic axis, . . . . . . 257-14
Correction for the effect of the bifilar and balance magnet (11), + 0:16
Correction for the effect of the copper ring or damper (18), — 100

Adopted zero for the long scale, . . . . . .. . 256°30
Reading of the short scale at the magnetic axis, . . . . . . 147-11
Correction for the effect of the bifilar and balance magnet (11), + 0:14
Correction for the effect of the copper ring or damper (13), — 0:90

Adopted zero for the short scale,. . . . . ... 146:35

20. Time of vibration of the declination magnet with the long scale.
The mean of 4 series of observations, given in the Introduction for 1841-2 (22),
gives one vibration in 17°84. The following series were made in 1843 :—

d. h. 8.

Feb. 28 0. 32 vibrations, the observations made at the extremities of the ares, give a mean of 17.84
teen ee tareeeees 20) Renspodhaad: cand cn acocnn] DeoscnerienedoncdcoReeES anleletkey) | Basaogcdectecocoeessnoecncancacnion 17-84
March 1 BD re snetreaasootce be. TEEDSEC Car eu oS snes Hcaccn nese EXELEMIIPICN senseatiewes slsnesupeesacesenassiane 17-81
iteydvelsce cee OF) Bene cree feb OnbAOAr ODODE COMUOCOACOperorsscroneso slate Kodls seccecacescecceccccsccersenscseee 17-8]
RUD AVL FUE PDD acon ttnczorsiceh exccurienet tiniest aaneaseee GxtreMILIOS, seehordesucncbeesteseesecsoneeess 17-93

The last series was not considered good ; the mean of the first ten vibrations of

the series gives 17°85.
21. The observations of the declinometer are made in the following manner :—
The points of the scale which coincide with the vertical wire of the reading tele-

MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. vf

XXii INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

scope are noted 18 seconds before the minute of observation, at the minute, and
18 seconds after the minute ; the scale readings at these periods being a, b, and c,
a+2b+e

Se ET.

22. All the observations of declination in this volume are absolute. They are
rendered so as follows :-—

The middle wire of the theodolite telescope is brought to coincide with the ver-
tical wire of the fixed reading telescope (7); the three verniers of the horizontal
circle are then read ; the theodolite telescope is turned (on the vertical axis of the
circle) until its middle wire coincides with the vertical line on the north meridian
mark of Sir THoMAs BrisBANEr’s (the western) transit in the Astronomical Obser-
vatory, and the verniers are again read.

In order to obtain the reading of the horizontal circle for the astronomical
meridian, the theodolite telescope was placed as nearly as possible in the meridian,
and being accurately levelled, the time of the sun’s transit was observed by the
Magnetic Observatory clock. The sun’s meridian passage was also observed by Sir
THOMAS BRISBANE with his western transit in the Astronomical Observatory, and
the clocks in the two observatories being immediately compared, the true time of
transit by the clock in the Magnetic Observatory was obtained. The difference, if
any, between the true and observed times, was due to error of azimuth; the latter,
being very small, was obtained from the former in multiplying by the factor,

the mean is deduced by the formula

cosine sun’s declination
cosine sun’s altitude

23. If A’ be the difference of the horizontal circle readings for the fixed tele-
scope and for the north mark, Z be the azimuth of the north mark, and D be the
angle at any instant contained by the line of collimation of the reading telescope
and the adopted zero scale reading, the true westerly declination at that time will be

180°— A’'+Z+D.

The values of 180°— A’=A, obtained in 1843, are given in the following
Table :—

UNIFILAR MAGNETOMETER. XXlll

TABLE 6.—Determinations of the Value of Angle A.

Readings of Horizontal Circle

For Declination Telescope. For North Mark.

Verniers. Verniers.

The mean value of angle A=23° 50’ 84.

The value of angle Z, by the observations, Table 8, Introduction 1841-2,
=1° 37’ 38":8.

Whence A + Z = 25° 27! 472 = 25° 27-79 (25° 27-75 was used), which is the
absolute westerly declination corresponding to the long scale reading (as corrected,
No. 19.), 256-30, and to the short scale reading (as corrected, No. 19.) 146-35. For
other scale readings, differing from these zeros by the angular quantity + D, the
declination is obtained as indicated above. Tables have been formed from the above,
and the known angular values of the scale divisions (8.), by means of which the
scale readings observed are at once converted into the absolute westerly declination.

§ 4. Unrritar MAGNETOMETER AND OBSERVATIONS OF THE ABSOLUTE HORIZONTAL
INTENSITY OF THE EARTH'S MAGNETISM.

24. In the beginning of April 1843 two small wooden houses were erected about
19 yards to the north of the Magnetic Observatory ; the larger of the houses contains
the unifilar magnetometer and the dip circle, and the smaller, which is 10 feet to
SSE. of the larger, contains a reading telescope for the magnetometer. The instru-
ments were in their positions in June, and the first observation of the absolute hori-
zontal intensity was made in August.

25. The unifilar magnetometer rests on a strongly braced wooden stand, which
is fixed by copper battens and plaster of paris to a stone slab, resting on a stone

XXIV INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

foundation separated from the floor ; the top block of the stand, a solid piece of
mahogany, carries a vertical box enclosing the suspension thread and supporting
the torsion circle, this box is open on two opposite sides near the stand top ; a hori-
zontal box slides on the vertical one, and when close to the stand top the magnet is
completely enclosed; an internal box was afterwards added, and all the precautions
already indicated (6.) for the declinometer were taken. The magnet used when
observations of absolute horizontal intensity were made was that usually in the
declinometer, a spare magnet being fitted with a short scale (8.) was substituted for
it; the telescope (that intended for a collimator to the bifilar) was placed in the
smaller wooden house, on a stand in all respects similar to that for the unifilar : the
two houses were connected, during observations, in the line of collimation of the
telescope and magnet by a wooden tube blackened within. A beam of straight well
seasoned fir, 11 feet long, 33 inches broad, and 1? inches thick, was placed on each
side (outside) of the larger wooden house, in the line passing through the centre of
the suspended magnet, and at right angles to the magnetic meridian ; each beam
was let into the tops of two strongly braced wooden trestles, 7 feet apart, which
rested on wooden posts driven into the ground, and which were fixed to the latter
by catch pins, allowing a slight adjustment for the distance of the beams from the
magnet ; the trestles and beams being removed after each observation. The beams
were carefully divided with the aid of a brass standard yard made by Messrs
TROUGHTON and Sms ; the graduations were adjusted to their distance from the
suspended magnet in the following manner :—a well seasoned fir rod, shod with
brass at one extremity, and terminated at the other by a capstan-headed screw, by
which the rod was accurately adjusted to a length of six feet, was passed through
holes in the sides of the wooden house and unifilar box ; the middle of the rod coin-
ciding with the suspension thread, the catch pins of the trestles were then loosened
or forced in till the extremities of the six feet rod coincided accurately with the divi-
sion 3 feet on each beam. ‘The deflecting magnet was adjusted to the graduations
on the beams with the aid of a lens; in 1844 the graduations were marked on brass
pin heads placed in the beams. The fixidity of the trestles was verified in general
after each observation, and the accuracy of the graduations on the beams was veri-
fied usually before each observation.

26. The value of the absolute horizontal intensity is determined from the ob-
servations as follows :—if r be the distance at which the centre of the deflecting
magnet is placed on the wooden beam (in the direction of the central line of the
beams), and w be the corresponding angle through which the suspended magnet is
deflected, then

be ais tan u 1 ae
x 2 1+ Bie + &e.
ped r

where m is the magnetic moment of the deflecting bar, X the absolute horizontal

UNIFILAR MAGNETOMETER. XXV

intensity in terms of the units used, and p’ and q’ quantities depending on the mode
of distribution of niagnetism in the magnets. The term tan w is obtained from the

formula

= Ne SE ota ed CES a { Le a [t+a-a)+e (0,~500) |
Z

where w, and ,w are the observed mean readings of the unifilar magnetometer, the
deflecting bar, with its north pole towards the east, being at the distance r to the
east and west respectively of the suspended magnet; similarly, « and ,w are the
readings when the deflecting bar, at the distance r, has its north pole towards the
west ; d,, ,d, &c. are the simultaneous readings of the declinometer corresponding
to u,, ,v, &e.; f=1115 is the co-efficient for reducing the scale values of the decli-
nometer to those of the unifilar; a is the angular value of one scale division f the

unifilar ; Ga a F)=1-00212 is the torsion factor ; g=0°000288 the temperature co-

efficient for the deflecting bar (60.); ¢; and ¢, its temperature at deflection for the
distance r and for vibration, respectively ; & the co-efficient for reducing the scale
divisions of the bifilar magnetometer to parts of horizontal force ; 6, the bifilar mag-
netometer mean scale reading during deflection at the distance r.

27. The comparative observations for w and d were rendered simultaneous, thus :
The times of vibration of the unifilar and declination magnet being nearly the same,
the time at which the unifilar magnet attained one extremity of its are of vibration
was instantly indicated by me to Mr WELsH, who could observe my motions through
one of the north windows of the Observatory. He immediately commenced counting
the beats of the mean time clock, and at the end of the 18th second (the time of
one vibration) both observers commenced making readings of the magnetometers ;
those by Mr WELsH being made at the end of the 18th, 36th, 54th, Xc., seconds,
and those by myself at the extremities of the ares of vibration. From 7 to 12 con-
secutive readings were made thus at every position of the deflecting bar, and from
these the mean readings are deduced. In order to render the ares of vibration of
the unifilar as small as possible, the deflecting bar was at first moved gradually up
to its nearest distance (5 feet); in placing it at the next distance, it was moved
rapidly nearly half way, and 18 seconds counted, when it was immediately shifted
_ to the other half. When the farthest distance was attained, it was placed vertically,
and after 18 seconds, laid down in the reverse position ; it was then moved as before,
_ by half-shifts, to its next position, and so up to the nearest. After comparative
readings for that position, the magnet was again placed vertically, and carried to
_ the beam on the opposite side of the suspended magnet ; at the end of 36 seconds

* The formula actually used was tan {a (u, + &c.)}, as it was considered more convenient and
sufficiently exact for such small deflections, especially when the method of determining « was taken into

consideration. (See note to No. 8.)

MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. g

XXKV1 INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

it was laid down at the same distance, and with the north pole in the same direc-
tion as before. In general, the vibrations were small, seldom above 10’; when
larger, it was checked by slightly approaching or removing the deflecting bar at
proper times, with reference to the directions in which the suspended magnet was
moving. Mr WeLs# observed the bifilar magnetometer before and after each com-
parison, and I observed the temperature of the deflecting bar after each comparison
by means of a thermometer lying beside it.*

28. After the deflection observations, the deflecting bar was vibrated in the
declinometer box ; it was suspended in a stirrup of silk of the same kind as that of
the suspension thread, a small slip of paper was gummed to the extremity next the
telescope, and the transits of the slip were observed.

The following equation is then obtained :—

mX= 5 {1+k (0-500) }

a? +b?
12
of the magnet = 1:25 feet, b the breadth = 0-0719 feet, M the mass = 6216-7 grains.
a, the ratio of the circumference to the diameter = 3:1416, T, the true time of

where K is the moment of inertia of the magnet = M, a being the length

observation = T’ ( a =, ; T’ being the observed time of one vibration,

a as already defined (15.) and determined from the value 0-001465 for the declina-

tion magnet thus; the moments of the declination magnet and deflecting bar are

1-000 wale : : 0:001465
as 0.949" the value of r for the deflecting bar is therefore = one

a and aq’ are the semiarcs of vibration at the commencement and termination of
the observations of vibration. The factor {1+ (b—500)} is the reduction of the
value of X to the bifilur reading 500, 6 being the mean bifilar reading during vi-
brations.

= 0:0015562,

The temperature of the bar during vibrations is observed, and the value of m is
reduced to this temperature in the formula for deflections.

29. Observations of deflection were made on August 12 and 21, November 8
and 14, and on December 18. The observations on August 21 and November 8

were reduced by the method of least squares, the equations of condition having the
form

q 1 m
riodetanu X

es eee =0
oa
* Tt was soon found that good observations could only be obtained on cloudy days, as the sun heated
the building on cloudless days to such an extent as to produce internal aérial currents. On account of the
manipulations with the deflecting bar being performed outside, rainy days would not do, and it was found
desirable that the days should be calm ; independently, then, of the necessity for a magnetic calm, there
was requisite for a good observation a day cloudy, dry, and calm.

*

UNIFILAR MAGNETOMETER. XXVil

The following Table contains'the results of the equations for the different values

of r.
m

Aug. 21, x7 788977 5 p=—O0-1325; g=—1-0574.

Nov. 8, {= 790250; p=—0°1013 ; g= —2°8539.

TABLE 7.—Results of the Equations of Condition.

August 21, November 8.

Results. Results.

+0-000002 — 0-000051
+ 0-000359
+0:000163 — 0-000275
— 0-000756 — 0-000495
— 0-000610 +0-000144
— 0-000091 +0-001098
— 0-:000556 — 0.000788
+0-002780
+ 0-000631
— 0-001908
— 0-000333

30. The mean of the above values of p and g were applied to the equations for
August 12, November 14, and December 18 ;* on the first of these days deflections
were made at three distances, and on the other two at four distances. The results of
the equations are as follow :

Tasix 8.—Results of the Equations for August 12, November 14, and
December 18.

August 12. November 14, December 18.

m
xa

2-8701 2.8890
2-8662 2-8738
2-8677 2-8676
2-8688 2-8745

2-8928 2-8682 2-8762

* This method was recommended by Mr Airy (Proceedings of the Committee of Physics of the
Royal Society, No. 1.) The results for Nov. 14 and Dec. 18, by the approximate formula (81.), shew to
some extent how far it may be depended on. It should be remembered that the magnet was subjected
to temperature experiments between Nov. 8th and 14th.

XXviil INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

31. The observations, November 14 and December 18, have also been com-
puted by the approximate formula in which q’ is neglected and p’ eliminated,
namely,

m 7? tan u,—2° tan uy

XX 2 (72-7)
the results are as follow :
Nov. 14. 7,=5-125 feet, r= 6-750 feet ; x = 2.8762 Fa
Mean xo 2.8726
1, = 5-250 feet, r=7-000 feet ; z = 2.8691
Dec. 18. 7,=5:000 feet, r= 6-625 feet; x = 2.8444 2
Mean er 2.8619
1, = 5-250 feet, r= 7-000 feet ; _ = 2.8795

32. The following Table contains the values of oe of m X obtained by the for-

mula, No. 28, from the Observations, pages 83 and 84, and the consequent values
of m and X, together with the weight of the final results deduced from the formula

Number of partial results
Mean of the squares of the partial results minus the square of the mean’

Weight =

TABLE 9.—Results of the observations for the Absolute Horizontal Intensity,
reduced to the Bifilar Magnetometer reading 500.

Temperature
Number of of
Results, Deflecting
Magnet.

Weight.

°

69-6 . 33-2505 9.8075
61-1 . 33-4536 9-8322
43:3 : 33-4698 9-8563
41-1 y 33-1440 9-7501
46:3 . 33-1695 9-7675

Results from the approximate formula.
41-1 2.8726 33-1440 9-7576
46-3 2-8619 33-1695 9-7431

Giving the determinations of X, values corresponding to their weights, the re-
sulting value is
X = 3:39762

the bifilar magnetometer reading 500 scale divisions.

BIFILAR OR HorIzONTAL ForcE MAGNETOMETER. XX1X

§ 5. Brrinar or Horizontal ForcE MAGNETOMETER.

33. This instrument was made by Gruss of Dublin, and is similar, in its gene-
ral construction, to the declinometer. An inner box was applied on September 26,
1843 ; both boxes were gilt, externally and internally, and their joints covered with
velvet. The magnet, whose dimensions are 15 inches, { inch and 4 inch, is placed
in a stirrup, which carries below it a lens and glass scale connected by a tube; the
glass scale has 280 divisions, and the graduation at the 300th division, and increas-
ing readings indicate increasing force ; the axle of a grooved wheel fits into the sus-
pension eyes of the stirrup, the whole being borne by a silver wire passing round
the grooved wheel, and having its two extremities fixed to a suspension roller ; the
roller is supported by the torsion circle, which also bears beneath the roller a mi-
crometer-headed screw, right-handed where it meets one wire (or portion of the wire),
and left-handed where it meets the other. The screw serves to render the distance
of the wires at the top equal to the distance at the grooved wheel. A copper ring
encircles the magnet in order to check the vibrations. A thermometer by Ross,
with a bulb 0-5 inch in diameter, is inclosed in a glass tube, and is fitted into the
lid of the magnetometer box, leaving the bulb below, and the stem and scale above.
This thermometer was intended to give the temperature of the magnet, but it was
evident (especially while the box was imperfectly closed) that the temperature of
the bar and of the air might differ considerably. In order to avoid this source of
error, I had a thermometer made by Messrs ADIE and Son, whose bulb rested in
a cup, in a brass bar of the same dimensions as the magnet, and was covered loosely
by asmall brass cap. The following comparisons were made of the indications of
the two thermometers, the box being in its original state, and the rise of the tem-
perature considerable. From these comparisons, the necessity of some method
which will give the temperature of the bar is at once obvious. As the thermometer
by ADIE is only partially in contact with the metal, it may be considered more as
an indication of the temperature of the surface than of the interior of the bar.

MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. h

XXX INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

TABLE 10.—Comparisons of the Thermometers with the Bulb free, and with the
Bulb in a brass bar.

Géttingen Thermometer. J
Mean Time. |—————— | Difference.
Ross. Adie.

30-7
31-0
31-5
33-0
37-6
41-0
43-0
44-0
44-5
44-9
45-0
44-9
44:3

NSHHAAYQH HOA WK

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1

a

_

34. In the adjustment of the instrument, the magnet is forced to a position at
right angles to the magnetic meridian, by turning the arms of the torsion circle.
As, in forcing the magnet from the meridian, the upper extremities of the wire will
move through a greater angle than the lower extremities, the wires will be no longer
vertical, and the magnet and appendages will be raised; the forces producing equi-
librium will, therefore, be the weight suspended endeavouring to attain the lowest
point, and the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic intensity acting on the
free magnetism of the bar.

35. If v be the excess of the angular motion of the arms of the torsion circle,
or upper extremities of the wire, over wu, that of the lower extremity or magnetic bar
in moving the latter from the meridian, the equation of equilibrium will be

2
. a .
mX sinu = Wap sin v.

m, X, W, a,.and / being respectively the magnetic moment of the bar, the hori-
zontal component of the earth’s magnetic force, the weight suspended, the interval,
and the length of the wires. The differential of this equation (w=90°) divided by
it, gives
aX
x

=na cotv + t(Q + 2e — e)

n being the number of scale divisions from the zero, or scale reading when w=90°,
@ the arc value in parts of radius of one scale division, ¢ the number of degrees
Fahrenheit which the temperature of the magnet is above the adopted zero, Q the

BIFILAR OR HorizONTAL FoRcE MAGNETOMETER. XXX1

coefficient of the temperature correction for the varying magnetic moment of the
bar or the value of ee for 1° Fahr., ¢ and e’ the coefficients of expansion for the

brass of the grooved wheel and silver of the wires.
36. The observations in this volume are given in scale divisions, and are cor-

; . q qd . .
rected by the coefficient aater ee being the total temperature coefficient ; the

abstracts are then obtained from the formula S = na cot uv where n is the number

of scale divisions corrected for temperature as above.

37. The following are the adjustments and values of the constants.

The angular value of one scale division of the bifilar magnetometer = 1/:1223
(See Table 10, Introduction, 1841-2); increasing readings indicate increasing force.
The value of g, the total coefficient of the temperature correction, = 0-000247 (71.)

38. It having been suspected that the zero of the scale (the scale reading when
u=90°) had altered in some way since last adjustment on Oct. 20. 1841 (Introduc-
tion, 1841-2, p. xxviil.), the following observations were made

April 274 2" 39™. Bifilar scale reading 196-9. 2" 44™. Bifilar scale reading
196-6; the magnet was then removed carefully, and the equivalent brass weight
substituted. The torsion circle was then turned from the reading vernier A 289° 10’
to A 358° 16’, or through 69° 6’, the previous value of v (Introduction, 1841-2,
p- XXviii.), when the scale should have read 150, instead of which it read 212-2. As
it seemed possible that this difference might be due to pressure exerted on the wires
in withdrawing the magnet and substituting the weight, the magnet was again in-
serted in the stirrup, the weight being removed, and the torsion circle turned till it
read A 289° 10’, when the scale read 297. It was therefore evident that the pre-
vious difference might be due in some way to the manipulation it was necessary,
however, to go through the adjustment anew.

After several trials the scale reading was found to read the same whether the
brass weight or magnet was suspended, when the torsion circle read A 87° 30’. The
weight being suspended, the torsion circle was turned 90°, when it read A 357° 30’.
The collimator was then turned by its independent motion till the scale read 200.
The magnet being again suspended, the scale reading was found 200 when the tor-
sion circle was turned 69° 45’, it then read A 287° 45’.

April 284 0" 20™. As the zero of the scale, 200, was taken too high, the adjust-
ment was again performed.

Bifilar scale reading 200. The magnet being withdrawn, the brass weight sus-
pended, and the arms of the torsion circle turned from A 287° 45’ to A 357° 30’, the
scale reading was found 199, so that the wires had not been affected in the previous
adjustment. The collimator was then turned till the scale read 148, this being the
mean of several readings; the magnet was again suspended, and the torsion circle

XXXil INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

turned through 69° 44’, reading A 287° 44’, the scale reading being 148. The
westerly declination during adjustment was 25° 28’.

November 8# 21" 20™. The bifilar magnet was removed in order to determine its
temperature correction ; the brass weight being substituted, the arms of the torsion
circle were turned from A 287° 44/ to A 357° 30’, when the collimator scale read
157-5, or 9°5 scale divisions greater than on April 28, the westerly declination being
25° 20’. As it is necessary to determine the changes of horizontal force during the
observations for the temperature correction, the magnet used for deflections in ob-
servations of absolute horizontal intensity was substituted. The moment of this
bar was found too great for grooved wheel No. 8, previously in use (Introduction,
1841-2. 30.), wheel No. 9 was substituted, whose diameter = 0-459 inch; as the
diameter of wheel No. 8 = 0-409 inch, and the value of one division of the micro-
meter-headed screw = 0:0005194 inch, the wires were rendered parallel by turning
the micrometer head through 96 divisions.

The brass weight being suspended, the scale reading was 128:5
Me MALE «00. ccasesonescccnscenvecsaresenpescvnvasersneseapsearoe 126-0

The weight being suspended, the arms of the torsion circle were turned through 90°,
when it read, vernier A 178° 0’, B 358° 0’; the collimator was then turned by its
independent motion till the scale reading was 143; the magnet was suspended, and
the scale reading was found 142 when the arms of the torsion circle were turned
through 55° 17'°5, the circle reading A 122° 41-5, B 302° 43’.

November 104 6". The temperature experiments having been made, the de-
flecting bar in the bifilar magnetometer was removed, and the arms of the torsion
circle were turned from B 302° 43’ to B 358° nearly, when the scale reading was 143,
as in the previous adjustment. Wheel No. 9 was removed, and No. 8 substituted,
the micrometer head being turned backwards through 96 divisions.

» The bifilar magnet being suspended, the scale reading was 93
The brass weight .......cssssressssscascestneceneanseneceeasesescens 96

the arms of the torsion circle were turned through 90°, when the reading was B
358° 35’; the collimator was turned by its independent motion till the scale reading
was 172-4, the magnet was inserted and the arms of the torsion circle turned through
68° 18’, when the torsion circle reading was B 290° 17’, and the scale reading 173°.
The bifilar thermometer 42-4, and the absolute westerly declination 25° 18’.

39. The following are the values of v, of k = a cot v, and of q’ a with the
periods to which they apply in 1843.

BIFILAR OR HorizontTAL ForcrE MAGNETOMETER. XXXll

TaerE 11.—Values of v, k, and qg, in 1843.

Periods to which the Values apply.

ah. d. ,
Jan. 1 —April 27 0-0001248

April28 2—Nov. 8 0-0001205
Nov. 9 O—WNov. 10 0-0002263
Nov. 10 8—Dec. 31 0-0001300

The values of & are given at the foot of each page of the magnetical observa-
tions.

40. During considerable disturbances the collimator scale, which contains too
small an angle, goes out of the field of the reading telescope, and it has been found
necessary to turn the arms of the torsion circle until it again appears ; without this,
it has happened that the greater part of a disturbance could not have been observed.
As there was some doubt that turning the arms of the torsion circle after adjust-
ment might affect the instrument injuriously, experiments were made in the end of
1842, during periods of slight change, which shewed, after turning the arms of the
torsion circle a few degrees in either direction, that on recurring to the original value
of uv the scale readings were unaltered.

41. In turning the arms of the torsion circle the value of the scale divisions and
the unit of force are changed, it is necessary therefore to reduce the observations to
a common unit and zero; let @ be the small angle through which the arms of the

2
torsion circle are turned, y=» + 8, mX =F, W = = G, (34.) The equation of equi-
librium originally, « = 90°, is
i) aa GP enc Gh ge (BY arcs “By RGao ce een. mG la)

for the new value of v, ~=90 + A w= 90 + Av where 4 v= the angular value of the
scale reading at any instant from the zero reading

, _Gsin (v' + Av’)
es ee Seay ea Re)

Subtracting (1.) from (2.), and dividing by (1.),

ae i {— gi ’
F'—-F AF _ sinv—sinv cose ny

F KF sin v sin v

If n be the number of scale divisions from the zero or scale reading for u= 90°,
when v'=v+; and N be the number of scale divisions corrected for temperature
from the zero corresponding to the same force when G=0, then
N = Sinv’—sine cosy. ,
a cOS Uv is cos v q

MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843 2

XXXiV INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

or adapting the first constant to logarithmic computation

ais
B cos (v + (3)
Nim aoe (0 +=) +R epanane nthe

= A +n”nB +t

8 is considered negative when v is diminished, n is negative when the reading is
below the zero, and ¢ is the temperature of the magnet minus 26°.

42. It was necessary to turn the arms of the torsion circle once only in 1843,
namely, on

May 67 10" 45", when vernier B was turned from 287° 44’ to 291° 45’, whence
B=—4° 1’, A=234-7 scale divisions, B=1:19, v being=69° 46’.

May 6° 13" 45™, the arms of the torsion circle were turned from B 291° 45’ to
B 287° 41’, as this was 3’ different from the original reading, 3 scale divisions were
subtracted from the abstracts of the observations from April 25% 2° till May 64 10°,
the two hourly and extra observations are, however, affected to that amount.

43. The effect of the balance needle upon the readings of the bifilar was deter-
mined, September 47 1843, to be —4:03 scale divisions ; no correction has been ap-
plied ; the effect of the declination magnet is zero, and the effect of the copper ring
or damper has not been determined, but it is supposed to be small.

44. Time of vibration of the bifilar magnet.

8.
Feb. 22. Mean of 88 vibrations, 1 vibration = 26:18
March 1. Mean of 28 vibrations, 1 vibration = 26:25
June 1. Mean of 27 vibrations, 1 vibration = 27:08
Oct. 25. Mean of 8 vibrations, 1 vibration = 26:99
Oct. 25. Another series, ; ; : 27:03

45. The natural are of vibration is generally very small, and when considerable
the time of vibration is found different from that determined by artificial vibrations
(Introd. 1841-2, p. xxix), namely, about 25 seconds, which has been used in the
observations. The observations are made as follows :—the point of the scale coin-
ciding with the vertical wire of the fixed telescope is estimated to a tenth of a divi-
sion at 25° before the minute of observation, at the minute, and 25° after it; the
a =: - a, b,
and ¢ being the three readings. The mean thus obtained is corrected to the tempe-
rature of 26° Fahr., this being below the lowest temperature which occurred within
the Observatory in 1843 ; a constant quantity of 300-0 has been added to all the cor-
rected means. Tables were formed giving the temperature correction for every
tenth of a degree above 26° from the formula (t—26) q'+ 300-0.

46. The temperature of the magnet was obtained till November 274 18" from
the thermometer by Ross, after that time from the thermometer by Messrs ADIE

mean reading is deduced from the three readings by the formula

BALANCE OR VERTICAL ForcE MAGNETOMETER. XXXV

and Son resting on a brass bar. From September 26° till November 27* the tem-
perature of the magnet was probably worse determined than at any other time, as
the bulb of the thermometer by Ross was outside of the inner box, while the magnet
was within it. December 1441", the inner box was removed in order to compare
the indications of the thermometers of Ross and ADIE; it was not replaced till
January 10* 3" 1844.

€
§ 6. BaLaNcE or VERTICAL Force MAGNETOMETER.

47. The balance magnetometer was made by Rosinson of London. Itis com-
posed of a needle 12 inches long, and about ? inch broad, with knife-edged axle
resting on agate planes; at the extremities of the needle are brass rings, each carry-
ing a cross of spider threads. The needle is placed horizontally at right angles to
the magnetic meridian ; it is accurately adjusted by means of two fine brass screws ;
one towards one extremity, working horizontally, balances the needle; the other,
working vertically near the other extremity, regulates its sensibility. The appa-
ratus is covered by a rectangular box, having glazed openings on two sides opposite
the spider’s crosses; those on one side allowing light to be thrown on the crosses
from two small mirrors ; those en the other for viewing them and determining their
position, which is done accurately by means of microscopes carrying micrometers.
A thermometer within the box gives the temperature of the needle.

48. If m be the moment of free magnetism of the needle, Y the vertical com-
ponent of the earth’s magnetic force, W the weight of the needle, g the distance
from the centre of motion to the centre of gravity, € the angle contained by the line
joining these two centres and the magnetic axis of the needle, the latter being hori-
zontal, the equation of equilibrium is

mY = Wg cos €

differentiating this equation, dividing by it, and having regard to the sign of ae,
we have

LNG Am
—>; = tan € A € — ——
m

Y

_ the varying angle which the magnetic axis makes with the horizontal, a ¢, is ob-
tained from the micrometer observations. See the section on the temperature cor-

rections for am

49. It is conceived that € cannot be determined with accuracy by the method
of inversion, owing to mechanical difficulties in the formation of the axle, but Dr
Luoyp has shewn* that if the needle be disturbed through a small angle 2, the mo-
ment of the moving force brought into play by the disturbance is equal and opposite

* Account of the Magnetical Observatory of Dublin, p. 38.

XXXVI INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

to the change of the vertical component of the magnetic force, which would produce
a disturbance = 7, and hence he shews that the value of the constant tan ¢ will be
given by the formula
T? tane Y
a x

= tane cot 0

Where @ is the magnetic dip, T’ and T the times of one vibration of the needle, the
former in a horizontal plane, the latter in a vertical plane.

50. This method has been found to fail in practice ; the determination of the
time of vibration in a vertical plane has been proved to be a matter of much diffi-
culty, if at all possible, mixed up, as it is, with several sources of error, which are
not easily accounted for or eliminated.* It has been shewn with respect to the
time of vibration in a vertical plane,

* The following statical method might be substituted for that of Dr Luoyp :—Let 7 be the small
angle which the magnetic axis of the balance needle makes with the horizontal, then the equation of
equilibrium is (48)

mY cosy = Wgcos(€+7) - - - - » - ~ (1)
if a magnet, whose moment is M, be placed vertically, with its centre at a distance r from the centre of
the balance needle, and in the continuation of the magnetic axis of the balance needle when horizontal,
the needle will then make an angle 6 wiih the horizontal, and the equation of equilibrium will be

mY’ cop8= Wgecos(E+8)..-. . - =. ~ (2)
where
Sar ried rasmus tse: AFD

From equations (1), (2), and (3),
cM I tan é6— tan a )
22. cot € — tau 7 CU Rasa ap cand ag ote Se

Now, if X be the horizontal intensity of the earth’s magnetism, and 4 be the magnetic dip,
liblag oN, fs cPLA sito oie nomaty. Jou erg Caks ae

and if the deflecting magnet be placed in the line at right angles to the magnetic meridian passing through
the centre of a freely suspended magnet, and u be the angle of deflection when the centres of the magnets
are at the distance r,, then (No. 26.)

ae
vy =f, a Coa Cee tO SO ap Noes i
pa tant (6.)
By equations (4), (5), and (6),

3 3
r r
— tanu tan uv
7 r

tan €

= 2 tan 6 (tan 6 — tan n) — tan wu tan 7 = 2 tan @ tan (6 — 1) appr aeeei:

and if 7 = 0, or be very small, as it is in general, when the needle may be considered horizontal, then

73 tan wu

tan € =—,4—__ . . ww ew ew we
ne =97* tan @ tan 0 Wa)

If the deflecting magnet be placed at right angles to the suspended magnet (as in Dr Lamont’s
method), then sin « must be substituted for tan w.

The

BALANCE OR VERTICAL FoRCE MAGNETOMETER. XXXV11

lst, That it is found increased after the needle has been vibrated by any means
through a large arc (2° or 3°).

2d, That it depends to a considerable extent, much more than theory will ac-
count for, on the arc of vibration.

3d, That it is greater for the same are, if it be deduced from a series com-
mencing with a large arc, than if it be deduced from a series commencing with a
small arc.

4th, That it depends on the temperature of the needle.

5th, That it does not vary appreciably with the changes of position of the needle,
unless as co-existent (4th) with the changes in the position produced by temperature.*

It does not seem likely that the source of error indicated in the 4th conclusion
can be eliminated ; any zero of temperature to which the times of vibration might
be reduced would be altogether arbitrary. I have also found, since the above results
were obtained,

6th, That the effect of one degree Fahrenheit on the time of vibration of the
needle is variable, being sometimes as little as 0°05, at other times as much as 0*10.

51. The following method of determining the value of tan € has been adopted
for the reductions in the abstracts :—if g be the temperature co-efficient, or the

value of am for 1° Fahr., k = a tan €, where a = the are value of one division of

the micrometer head in parts of radius (52.), if it be assumed that the value of Z

found, § 7, is dependent solely on the varying magnetism of the needle, or that the
cause by which the time of vibration is affected has no effect on the position of the
needle, assuming also that the value of g, determined by the usual method of de-
flections, is accurate, then by the latter (Introduction, 1841-2, p. xliv),

q = 0-000073,
by the former (66.) j= 190,
whence x = POURS — 0-0000092 ; 0:000009 has been adopted.

The mean value of the angle 6 should be determined by placing the deflecting bar at the distance r
on opposite sides of the balance needle, and if the needle be nearly horizontal, the deflecting bar should
be inverted in each position.

This method has been tried since the previous portion of this note was written, and the mean of two
results from deflections within the usual range of the instrument, which differ 0°0000003, gives

k = 0:0000087,
very nearly the value obtained No. 51, and adopted in the results; larger deflections seem to give about
0-000008, but they have not yet been completely reduced. The accuracy of this method seems to
depend almost wholly on the determination of 6, and it seems possible to obtain this certainly within 2’,
or that the error of k may not be above 0:0000002.
* Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, vol. xvi, p. 67.

MAG. AND MET. OBS. 1843. ‘ k

XXXVill INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

Values of the constants and adjustments.

52. Value of one division of the micrometer head in angular measure.

The micrometer heads have 50 divisions numbered at the tens 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
a brass needle with scales graduated to 10’, at an equal distance from the centre as
the spider crosses in the magnet, was placed on the agate planes, and the moveable
wires of the micrometer brought to coincide with the graduated lines of the scale,
the micrometer heads being read at each coincidence.

Left Mic. Right Mic.
June 21. 1841 (Table 13, Introduction, 1841-2), one division = 01004 0':10038
Aug S OM SLUG menten dtasthenctdves stern -Ma-sd ceeMltv soe le sacs cts = 01002 0':0996
Sept. 4. 1843 Observations Gave eeaaeeseeee sees = 071012
Nov. ge Si SA ee wee cpbes enter emcetar. ac es Mmm pettend oben oss = 0°1018 0’:0999

Adopted mean value of one division, 01003, whence
a = 0:00002918, € = 17° 34’, &k = 0:000009

this value of k has been used in the abstracts.

53. Time of vibration in the horizontal plane.

The adopted mean of all the observations, Table 15, Introduction, 1841-2,
is 12*0.

54. Time of vibration in the vertical plane.

The needle being in its usual position on the agate planes, the moveable wire
of the left micrometer is made to bisect the spider cross ; the needle is then vibrated,
by means of a small piece of iron or steel, through an angle varying from 15’ to 5’,
and the periods of the cross passing the wire are estimated. When large arcs of
vibration have been taken, the time of vibration is deduced from the last observations
of the series, for the reasons stated, No. 50, 2d. The 4th conclusion given, No. 50,
cannot be deduced from the observations for 1843, probably because constant arcs
of vibration were not used, and the errors indicated Ist, 2d, and 3d, being included
in the results. The arc of vibration was estimated till October 18, after which the
are at commencing was measured by moving the wire of the right micrometer on
the cross at the extremity of its arc of vibration ; the are of vibration at the end is
generally about 1’, being the smallest possible at which the passage of the cross can
be estimated with any nicety. The following is a specimen of the observations, and
of the method in which the results in the following Table are obtained :—

BALANCE OR VERTICAL ForcE MAGNETOMETER. XXX1X

TABLE 12.—Observations for the Time of Vibration of the Balance Needle in a
Vertical Plane, November 244 0*, 1843.

Time of passing the fixed wire. Time of 10 Vibrations.

Cross rising. Cross falling. Cross rising. | Cross falling.

Time of one vibration = 10::55.

TABLE 13.—Values of T, the Time of Vibration of the Balance Needle in a
Vertical Plane.

re Arcat | Number | Time of | Tempere- ees Are at | Number | Time of | Tempera-
Gottingen commence- of one ture Gottingen commence- of one ture
Mean Time. ment. | vibrations.| vibration. | of Needle, Mean Time. ment. | vibrations.| vibration. | of Needle.
a h. 8. o dij) “he a Ss. 2
| Jan. 14 2 75 30 9-94 56:5 Junel5 0 75 30 9-72 59-5
, Jan. 30 2 8-0 20 9-54 58-9 June 20 22 10-0 20 9-80 58-4
| Feb. 6 3 15-0 30 9-45 54:5 June 29 3 12-0 20 9-50 55-3
Feb. 10 0 8-0 10 9-40 51-5 July 13 8 8-0 20 9-25 67-8
| Feb. 14 0 12:0 28 9-65 48-1 July 21 7 10-0 30 9-14 61-7
| Feb. 16 18 5:0 10 10-00* 44.0 July 26 3 12-0 30 9-28 65-0
‘| Feb. 22 1 12-0 30 9-15 54-4 July 28 7 10-0 20 9-36 61-3
| Feb. 27 «4 12-0 20 9-42 53-0 Aug. 4 23 75 30 9-35 60-0
| Mar. 10 1 7-0 20 9-50 51-2 Aug. 18 3 75 30 9-45 71-2
Mar. 13 2 12-0 30 9-30 55-0 Aug. 22 22 10-0 30 9-25 54-6
| Mar. 21 3 12-0 20 9.43 550) il a rT at |
| Mar. 28 3 10-0 12 9.45 40:5 Aug. 25 0 10-0 25 10-75t 60-5
3 3 10-0 30 9-48 54.0 Aug. 29 22 14.0 30 9-97 54:5
11 22 12-0 30 9-65 2B) |) $e |
i? 3 7-0 30 9-60 54-5 Sept. 6 20 12-0 30 11-25+ 60-7
. 23 23 10-0 20 9-78 46-2 Sept.13 1 12-0 30 10-75 62-3
1 6 10-0 30 9-80 57-6 Sept.18 2 12-0 30 10-62 65-0
9 6 7-5 30 9-73 54:6 Sept. 22 3 8-0 30 10-62 63-7
16 18 7-0 20 9-60 46-2 = =| => oie ene a
24 3 8-0 30 9-70 49-1 Sept. 27 6 7:0 40 11-17 51-9
4 31 23 10-0 30 9-75 48.4 Sept. 29 0 7-0 40 10-95 46-4
| June 8 2 10-0 30 9-55 56-2 Oct. 1 20 4.0 10 11-04 56-9

* Feb. 16. This observation is from a natural vibration (produced by currents of air in the box ?).
+ Mar. 13. After this vibration the magnetometer box was lifted for an instant and then replaced.
{ Aug 28 and 31, and Noy. 12. The balance needle was removed for temperature experiments,
and on Sept. 26 the magnetometer box was removed in order to be covered with gilt paper.

xl] INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

TABLE 13—continued.

Are at Number
commence- of
ment. | vibrations.

Are at Number
commence- of
ment. | vibrations.

Time of | Tempera-
one ture
vibration. | of Needle.

Time of | Tempera-
one ture
vibration. | of Needle.

Gottingen

Gottingen
Mean Time.

Mean Time.

Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dee.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dee.
Dee.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec. 29

Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.

Noy.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Noy.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.

55. The following are the mean values of T,
T’ = 12°0, 0 = 71° 10’ :—

and the consequent values of k,

Jan. —Aug. 23. T= 9:52;
Aug. 24—Sept. 1. T= 10-40;
Sept. 5—Noy. 13. T = 10°65;

k = 0:0000158,
k = 0:0000133,
k = 0:0000126,

approximately k = 0:000015
approximately & = 0:000014
approximately & = 0:000013

Nov. 13—Dee. T= 1007; &=0-:0000141, approximately & = 0:000014

The approximate values of & are those given at the foot of each page of the
Magnetical Observations. It will be observed that all of these values differ very
considerably from that obtained, No. 51, which was adopted in the reductions for
the Abstracts, after the above values of k were printed in the notes to the Magneti-
cal Observations.

56. Adjustments.

August 23. 1843. The balance needle was removed for the purpose of deter-
mining its temperature coefficient; the needle was placed in a small copper trough
with a glazed lid, which trough was surrounded by water, contained in a larger
trough.

* Aug. 23 and 31, and Nov. 12. See note on preceding page.

BALANCE OR VERTICAL FORCE MAGNETOMETER. xli

Aug. 24. 1843. The temperature experiments were repeated ; the brass rings
containing the spider crosses were removed, and the needle was immersed in water
of different temperatures ; at the end of the observations the needle was found con-
siderably tarnished; the stains were partially removed by rubbing with crocus.
After the temperature observations the needle was vibrated horizontally, and then
adjusted. When the needle was placed on the agate planes it was altogether out of

balance, the S. end falling till caught by the Y; the horizontal screw was then

turned in till the reading of the micrometer was about 200 minus ; both microme-
ters read the same, and the N. end was much better in focus than before.

Sept. 1. 1843. The balance needle was again removed in order to determine
the temperature coefficient, the previous observations not being satisfactory.

Sept. 2. Temperature observations continued, the needle being placed in water
as before. The stains were partially removed by rubbing with crocus.

Sept. 4. After vibrating the balance needle horizontally, and determining the
value of the divisions of the micrometer head, observations were made to verify the
horizontality of the fixed wires in the micrometers, when it was found necessary to
move the fixed wire of the right micrometer down 8 micrometer divisions.

The micrometer heads were exchanged for convenience of reading, as the read-
ings are almost always negative, or the north pole of the needle is generally above
the horizontal.

57. The deviation of the line joining the spider crosses from the magnetic axis
of the needle was determined, by repeated reversals, to be + 8 micrometer divisions ;
merely lifting the needle by the Ys was found to give readings differing sometimes
20, 30, and even 40 divisions. The horizontal screw was moved till a negative
reading of about — 130 was obtained; and as it had been previously found that

_ lifting by the Ys altered the reading, the needle was not left till consistent read-

ings were obtained after the different lifts. The following were the readings at each
lift after the last movement of the horizontal screw :—

— 120, — 126, — 121, — 120, — 127, — 138, — 134, — 181, — 1384, — 186, — 131.

September 264 4"—6", 1843. The balance magnetometer box was removed in
order to be covered, externally and internally, with gilt paper.

November 13, 1843. The balance needle was again removed for the purpose of
determining its temperature coefficient; the brass rings and spider crosses were
removed, and the needle immersed in water as before. The needle was adjusted
the same day. The value of the micrometer division was also determined, and the
deviation of the line joining the spider crosses from the magnetic axis was found
— 36 divisions. The needle was left reading about — 60 divisions.

58. Mode of observation and reduction.

The moveable wire of the right micrometer is made to bisect the spider cross 5*
before the minute of observation, and that of the left micrometer 5° after the minute

MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. l

xli INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

of observation ; the mean of the two readings gives the position of the needle at
the minute. The readings increase negatively or positively as the north pole of the
needle moves above or below the horizontal wire ; the readings are generally nega-
tive. The quantities given in the magnetical observations are obtained thus :—

n being the observed reading of the needle, ¢ that of the thermometer, 4 = 7:90 the
temperature coefficient, R the quantity in the Tables,

R= 700+ % (¢- 26) +

increasing tabular quantities, therefore, indicate increasing vertical force.

§ 7. DETERMINATION OF THE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS OF THE DEFLECTION,
BALANCE, AND BIFILAR MAGNETS.

Deflection Magnet.

59. The magnet used for deflections in observations of the absolute horizontal
intensity was placed in a copper trough, resting on a beam of the deflection appa-
ratus (25.); the temperature was varied by means of ice and water of different tem-
peratures ; a thermometer lying on the magnet indicated its temperature; the
declination magnet was observed simultaneously with the deflected (or unifilar)
magnet ; and the bifilar magnet before and after each change of temperature.

60. If m be the moment of the magnet, X be the horizontal intensity of the
earth’s magnetism, 0 be the westerly declination, u the angle which the deflected
magnet makes with the astronomical meridian, then

m = Xtan (wu — 0)
differentiating, all the quantities being variable, and reducing

Am _ Au—Aod AX
Pen ar Oe

or if w and % are the unifilar readings, d and d) the declinometer readings, 6 and 6,
the corrected readings of the bifilar magnetometer when the temperatures of the
deflecting magnet are ¢ and ¢,; D is the mean deflection, in this case small ; f the
coefficient for reducing the declinometer scale divisions to values of unifilar divisions,

k the bifilar coefficient, then since “™ = (t — €)
nm q

_u—u,—fd—d, k (b — by)
Trea, Saye (a

The quantities in the last column of the following Table have been obtained from
this formula.

~ ee ee des ee

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF THE BALANCE MAGNET. xiii

Taste 14.—Observations for the Temperature Coefficient of the Deflection Magnet.

Reading Biflar.
Gottingen Tempera- Reading jof Declino-| u—wp ¥ Correction
Mean Time, ture of to — te 0 meter enna 9) |S ei eed AOE abr.
Magnet. Unifilar. | reduced | f(d—d)).| Reading | Thermo- =i
= fide Corrected.| meter.
° SI Se. Diy. Se. Div. Se. Diy. Se. Diy.
Magnet | away. 264-39 | 157-26
35:30 10-73 | 156-65 501-0
Nov. 11 0 59-05 | 266? | 1205 | 15617 | 1" 501-7 aed
76:85 = 13-07 | 155-59 502-7 S
S 17-90 : -000278
58-95 e 11-88 | 155-63 503-3 :
22-05 . -000309
36-90 10-05 | 155-49 503-9 :
20-20 a -000289
57-10 11-68 | 155-64 504-3 : :
is 21-60 < -000260
78-70 13-16 | 155-67 505-6 .
22-20 : -000272
56-50 11-11 | 155-13 505-8 .
19-90 a -000265
36-60 10-05 | 155-36 506-8 .
20-30 = : -000253
56-90 25.05 11:50 | 155-50 , 507-4 ‘ 000307
81-95 21-05 13-41 | 155-50 : 506-8 . .000233
60-90 2 | 12:50 | 155-80 507-4 .
24-05 = = : -000268
36:85 10-78 | 155-69 507-7 :
30-50 : -000287
67-35 13-30 | 156-00 508-0 .
23-40 -000324
43-95 99.55 11-72 | 156-33 ’ 507-8 : .000315
66-50 13-88 | 156-70 508-1
Magnet | away. 264-35 | 157-02

0
0
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4

4 45

The mean value of g = 0:0002877.

Balance Magnet.

61. The value of the coefficient for the balance magnet was obtained by obser-
vations, similar to those for the deflecting magnet, on 5 different days ; weight was
given to the result of each day’s observations, depending on the formula, No. 32.
The final result was

= 0:000073.*

62. The impossibility of determining the value of the micrometer divisions of
the balance magnetometer by the usual method has been already pointed out. It
is obvious, therefore, that if shut up to this method the temperature corrections
cannot be applied even when the observations are left in the state of micrometer
divisions. The doubt whether the changes of the magnetic moment of the needle
occur as rapidly as those of temperature in all cases, and therefore, whether a co-
efficient obtained from changes of 30° or 40° in a few minutes (as in the tempera-
ture experiments) was likely to be applicable to observations where the changing
temperature of the needle was rarely above 1° in the hour, and the fact that other
sources of error (perhaps the effect of temperature on the points of support of ‘the

* Tables 19 and 20, Introduction to the Makerstoun Observations, 1841 and 1842.

xliv INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

needle) were altogether omitted,* these induced me to apply a correction obtained
by a method which first occurred to me in 1842, for the purpose of avoiding the
necessity of removing the needle and breaking up the series of observations. This
method has already been described, and the final results have been given in the
Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (Vol. xvi., p. 73); the coefficients
obtained by this method were used for correcting the results of the observations of
1841 and 1842;+ they have also been used in correcting all the observations in
this volume. It will be necessary to enter more fully into the investigations here.

63. A series of days being selected during which the readings of the instru-
ment seem regular (rejecting any day of marked disturbance), and in which the
changes of temperature from day to day are considerable ; the hourly or two hourly
readings for the position and temperature of the needle are separately summed ; if
y, be the sum (or mean) of the micrometer readings for the first day in the series,
y2 for the second day, . . . y, forthe n™ day; 4,&% . . . & being the cor-
responding sums (or means) of the thermometer readings, if g’ be the temperature
coefficient in micrometer divisions, and it be assumed that the vertical force changes
gradually throughout the period, a being the sum (or mean) of the daily changes
for all the hours summed for values of y; 2, &¢., we shall then have a series of equa-
tions like the following, in which it is considered that the temperature of the pre-
ceding day is either greater than that of the succeeding in all the series, or that it
is less than it :-—

#—- y= —-a-(,-—b)¢ Yp — Yori = — 2 — (H— ba)
4 — Y= — 2a-(— hb) Yp — Ypr2 = — 2A—(by — bys) 7 (1,
Yaya ae na — (t, tay Yo — Yotnsi = — na — (tp rae! Le) g

Summing all those equations in which a has the same coefficient, naming the dif-
ferences Yp — Ypy1, 4413 tp — tps 4 t, and since if t; > &, then y, < y, we shall have
the equations

ct ae ee
4 ty
BBN, gy gs
=e e Adel Cita. oc) a an
ZPAYn na
a eel ae

* Tt will be evident, that the method of obtaining the value of the unit for the balance magnetome-
ter, described No. 51, supposes no other source of error than that due to the varying time of vibration,
or that the causes of error indicated above are of the second order compared with it.

+ The temperature coefficient, obtained by the usual method, had been applied, and the observa-
tions so corrected had been printed before I had satisfied myself of the preferability of the new coefficient.

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF THE BALANCE MAGNET. xlv

where, as it tends to simplify the investigation, and is at the same time sufficiently
accurate, A t, is the mean of all the values of a ¢.

Taking the difference of each of the equations with that of every one after it,
series of equations of the following form will be obtained :—

TAYp — 2AYpie — 7

SAN SV Al es At

Summing these series of equations, we obtain the following :—

5 (Fou — 52%) a g(pae — Eat) 4 _ _mti.n.n—-1 a
ee yee AG BDA bab.) 6 RE

Summing equations (1.), we have

From these two equations q’ will be obtained.

63. A period of 52 days, from June 1 till July 22, 1843, was selected as nearly
free from disturbances (the 3d and 7th of June only being rejected on this account),
and as containing considerable daily changes of temperature ; the sums of the micro-
meter and thermometer readings for each day were entered in columns titled 3 y, 32,
each sum, from June 1 till June 26, was then compared with all the sums following,
up to the 27th day after. The differences will be found in the following Table in
two portions, namely those for which ¢, is greater and less than ¢,,,. The results
for a second period, namely, from August 4 till September 18, 1844, are also given.

Tas_E 15.—Results of Comparisons at different Intervals.

by > btr t < to+r

Interval
between
compari- No. of 2 sane

ae compan —2A Y) =A (2) ai) Be ZA Yy) — ZA @) ae (y)
sons. —ZA (¢)

Mie. Div. S Mic. Div. Ss Mic. Diy.
1149-8 102.8 D 2916-7 325-8 8-9
2050-1 224.4 . 3925-7 | 477-0
3171-6 | 379-2 ‘ 4341-2 | 541-4
3879-0 | 446-5 : 4012-0 | 496-0
3230-8 386-2 . 3552-0 421-4
2967-8 316:5 E 3035-0 363-6
2403-0 277-2 : 5294-4 685-2
1857-9 210-0 : 5314-9 694-1
1391-3 167-9 : 6094-5 775-1
782-0 96-1 . 5281-9 724-6
1853-8 196-0 : 5793-0 | 732-5
1558-0 210-0 : 5488-3 669-2
1439-6 192-0 . 5656-1 734-5

oO
sH
oO
rc
a
co)
>
|
45
|
re
5
5

OuUstIranrhuntoronn

MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. m

xlvi INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

TABLE 15—continued.

b> bere hats arr
Interval ;
between Zee EE Dee Ed
Somat No. of ‘ — No. of
Bone: compari- |— = A(y) ——"|| compari- | 2A (y) |—= A (4) BICC)
sons. —2Zz4 (2)

Mie. Diy. ic. Div. Mic. Div. e
1305-6 : 8350-4} 1053-9
867-6 H o 7452-6 928-7
249-2 : * 6895-8 878-3
122-7 : : ; 7329-7 819-5
523-6 ' : 7453-3 871-6
722-5 : : 7758-3 849-7
684-6 : A 6731-9 789-2
371-8 . i: 9824-7| 1094-4
— 60:3 : ul 7868-6 901-8
64-8 “ : 8330-0 929-5
170-0 . : 8277-3 939-0
322-0 : . 8599-2 961-7
445-0 . : 7763-2 861-2
33523-8 “ “ 163340-7 | 19518-9

Mie. Diy.
7-9

June 1—July 22, 1843.
COW ee Re BWW we OD

For all the
intervals,

_
ww

2291-0 5 . 3612-2 359-7
4152-1 / E 3270-8 282-9
4586-5 : . 2443-8 216-4
3163-2 : : 3292-5 281-6
2738-0 . ' 6118-6 572-1
2947-5 D Hy 7982-3 833-1
3026-9 p . 4941-3 609-6
2422.9 ‘ . 6033-4 690-0
2542-5 : ‘ 6990-6 852-6
3128-4 . : 8812-7 979-3
2382-6 “ 5 8056-0 935-0
1859-8 D f 7594-6 967-8
2446-5 . 7621-9] 1048-7
2423-3 . . 8301-4) 1106-1
1029-4 : . 7282-6 952-0:
992-0 : . 6617-7 819.2
1836-3 : . 6533-0 882.7
1622-8 . ' 5914-3 841-3
929-6 | D . 6211-6 912.9
1529-3 . . 5500-6 783-0
1348-5 . p 5666-1 684-3
2623-6 , H 6152-6 685-1
52022-7 D p 134950-6 | 16295-4

—

NOWRWKRABRKBRAUNMATAATIAYWHOHO

CONAN wWDHe

August 4—September 18. 1844,

intervals.

For all pat 13
|

From the series, June—July, 1843, in which ¢, < ¢,,,, the following result was
obtained :—

eet at = = 0-0375, 4 4 = — 54-7, a = — 2:05 or the mean daily
change = 5 = — 0.23; g’ = 7-832 microm. div.

64. The series, June—July, in which ¢, > ¢,,,, and the series, August—Sep-
tember, 1844, are either two irregular in the number of days compared, or the

r
y
,

¢
i

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF THE BALANCE MAGNET. xlvii

number of days compared are too few to give good results.* It is obvious, however,
that if we consider the equation

ae itn

Sis SIA. DAN.

TAY, i
¥ alone will be too much or too
ZA t,

little according as the sign of at, is positive or negative; whence, if a period of
moderate length be selected, throughout which the mean daily temperature increases
and diminishes considerably, we may neglect the sign of At, and the quantity a, as
in the summations the coefficients of the latter will nearly destroy each other. For
periods of moderate length, and free from disturbances, it is the fact, as may be
seen from the previous Table (with the exception of one day), that the signs of a,
and At, are always opposite. The latter method, then, will be found the easiest,
and, it is conceived, in general the most accurate. The mean results obtained for
the series, June—July, when t, > and < ¢,,,, are indeed exactly the same, and
the partial results seem to indicate that the sign of a is itself so variable as to render
its total effect nugatory. The same remark applies to the series August—Septem-
ber 1844.

The following Table contains a series of results obtained according to the latter
method. In each series each day is compared with every day following it to the
end of the series for the differences a y and 4 ¢ :—

that the value of g’ deduced from the quantity

TABLE 16.—Determinations of the Temperature Coefficient for the Balance Magnet
from Comparisons of the Daily Observations.

Observed

ZA (2) ZA (y) wane ian Remarks.

1843. ° Mic. Diy. 5
Jan. 16—Jan. 525-3 4315-3 5 9-7 In 1843 there were 9 daily obser-
Jan. 23—Jan 817-7 5723-5 : 9-7 vations, made at two-hourly in-

tervals, from 18" till 10%.
Jan. 30—Feb. 576-0 4151-5 9-5 Sept. 2, the needle was removed in

Feb. 6—Feb. 609-9 4080-6 9-4 order to determine its tempera-~

June 1—June 30 | 14320-4 | 114646-9 9:7 ture correction by the method of
Sept. 6—Sept. 16 1083-7 8730-4 10-8 deflections.

1844.
May 9—May 24 8415-4 66621-7 * 8.6 In 1844 there were observations

i fh F made at every hour of the day.
ee er. 6 21696-9 171460-5 8:5 The needle wan removed between
Bape series a 17933-0 | 141648.2 9-8 September 1843 and February
1843, . . - 1844 for temperature experi-

Forall,... 48045-3 379730-4 8-5 ments.

The mean value of q’ from the series in 1843 is 7:90, and from the tempera-

* Such as these results are, however, their disagreement with the result obtained by deflection ex-
periments and vibration, is, in each case, even more than that of the adopted result.

xlvii INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

ture experiments it is 4°9 micrometer divisions ; the mean of the two series in 1844
gives g’ = 7:91, while the temperature experiments give it 3°8 microm. diy.
65. The following Table contains the results deduced in three cases when re-
spect has been paid to the sign of ¢, — ¢,,,3 the last column contains the value of g’,
— 24 (y)

obtained by giving equal values to the quantities Za (0 and — Za (0

TaBLE 17.—Results of Comparisons, regard being paid to the sign of ¢,—t,,,.

by > bose bo < fosr

za) |-2a(@) S| —2a@| 24)

Mean
Value of

1843. 5 Mic. Div. Mie. Diy. of Mic. Div.

June 1—July 22 4003-4 335238 8-37 19518-9 | 163340-7

1844.
May 9—May 24 5404-3 37559-9 6:95 3011-1 29061-8

Aug. 3—Sept. 18 6409-0 52022-7 8-12 16295-4 | 134950-6
For all the periods || 15816-7 123106-4 7-783 38825-4 | 327353-1

66. The three final results obtained are g’ = 7-832, q’ = 7-903, and q/ = 8:11;
the adopted value of g’ = 7-9 micrometer divisions.

67. Early in the investigation of this subject it occurred to me that it might
not be desirable to eliminate all the effects of change of temperature on the posi-
tion of the needle, as the actual daily or diurnal variations of the earth’s magnetism
might depend to some extent on the same cause. The results, obtained in many
ways which it is not necessary to repeat wholly here, shewed that, at least for periods
of a month, no such connexion exists, or that it is inappreciable. To such an extent
had the supposition been refuted, that it was ultimately totally forgotten by me,
and, of course, it was also forgotten that others might entertain a similar suspicion ;
the fact that it has been proposed as an objection to the method will render it de-
sirable that I should adduce distinct evidence of its futility.

68. As it will scarcely be supposed by any one that the earth’s magnetism
varies immediately with changes of the aérial temperature, the results obtained from
the comparison of one day with the next following may be first considered. As far
as the results, Table 15, go, the comparisons of one day with the next following
give a considerably larger value of q/ than that adopted, and, therefore, one differ-
ing still more from the value obtained by the usual method; this at least tends to
prove that the result adopted is much better than that by the other method. In the
following, which also prove the same fact, one-sixth of the comparisons are of the
readings on days with those on the second days following, namely, Saturdays with

i on account of the heated stove generating currents of air in the room and magnetometer boxes.

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF THE BALANCE MAGNET. xlix

Mondays; the remaining five-sixths are of the readings on days with those on the
days immediately following :—
1844. 123 Comparisons, g’= 8:33. Approximate value of ¢, by temperature experiments and vibrations, = 3:8
eel AG K COM PATIEODE NG OO). | denaveasc-<nastsuceessssncasonccganabissvance you acmanesaueacecwesueddusutenicascseedes o> = 30
69. The most severe method of testing the accuracy of the coefficient thus
obtained, is that of artificially heating the Observatory, and of comparing the in-
strumental readings on days when so heated with those on days when the tempera-

_ ture of the magnet depends on natural causes ;* the results of such a series of com-

parisons are given below. In order to render the series perfectly trustworthy, all
selection has been avoided. From January 1 till March 16, 1843, the stove in
the Observatory was lighted every day, with the exception of January 23; it was
not lighted on any other days of the year, excepting March 22 and 23, October 19,
November 25, and December 21; the means of the instrumental readings, corrected
for temperature by the adopted coefficient (7-9), on each of these days were compared
with the means on the four or five days immediately preceding or succeeding, and
the means on March 13, 14, and 15 (the last three days on which the stove was
continuously lighted), were compared with the five succeeding days on which the
stove was not lighted. The sums of the differences 3 A (¢) and 34 (y) are given in
the following Table, together with the sums of the differences of the external tem-
_ peratur es 2 a (T) for the same days :—

TABLE 18.—Results of Comparisons when the differences of the Temperature
depend on Artificial Causes.

Day of No. of
com- Days compared with “| compa-
_ parison. risons.

Error of | Resulting
coefficient. | coefficient,

1843. ° ic. Diy. | Mic. Diy. | Mie. Div.
18—21, 2428 +1-41 6.49
16—21, +242 | 5.48
16—21, +1-31 6-59
16—21, +0-90
16—21, 24—28 +0-11
16—21, 2428 —0-73
14—18, 20—25 — 2.58

. 21—24, 27Dec. 1 + 0-67
16—20, 2227 +0:07

womomoooruanded

NAY .
The results of all the comparisons are—
2A (T) = — 55°11, 2 A (®) = 697°-5, = A (y) = + 1040 mic. div.; error of adopted coefficient = + 0°15 mic. div.

* This method was that first tried for the determination of the coefficient, but ultimately abandoned

MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. n

] INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

On three days the signs of 3 a (T) and of 3 (¢) are the same, namely, on January 23,
March 22, and March 23 ; if the comparisons with these days be rejected, we have

=A (T) = — 2533, 3 A (¢) = 4191, 2 A (y) = — 39:9 mic. div.; error of adopted coefficient = — 0-09 mic. div.

In all the previous comparisons the signs of 3 4 (T) and ¥ a (¢) are the same ; in this
series they differ, and the coefficient is unaltered.*

70. In correcting the observations by this coefficient, no attention has been
paid to the varying times of vibration in the vertical plane ; this, as has already
been noticed, cannot be done. From the results in Table 16, it seems very doubt-
ful if it should be done, as the correction deduced at various times does not seem to
differ with the time of vibration. After correcting the observations made in the
years 1844 and 1845 by the same coefficient, I was led, from the results, to suspect
that some source of error still remained. Investigations for the temperature cor-
rection at different times throughout these years have shewn me that the coefficient
in micrometer divisions is not constant, and that it varies from some cause which I
have not as yet determined ; certainly, however, it does not vary directly with the
time of vibration in the vertical plane, as theory would shew (49, 51.), but rather
inversely ; this, however, and other facts in connexion with the 6th conclusion (50.),
will be considered in the Introduction to the Observations for 1844. It will be
enough to mention at present, that the results for the value of q’, in 1844 and 1845,
vary from 7-0 to 10-0 micrometer divisions ; by the usual method, at the end of 1845,
it would not exceed 3-0 micrometer divisions.

Bifilar Magnet.

71. The value of the temperature coefficient for the bifilar magnet, determined
by temperature experiments on two days, which gave very consistent results, is
q = 0000304,

See Table 19, Introduction, 1841-2 ; or if
k = 0:00013, g = 2:34 scale divisions,

this includes the theoretical correction for the expansion of the suspending silver
wires and brass grooved wheels; it did not seem improbable, however, that other
sources of error might exist. The results for the balance needle shewed that this
might be determined by comparisons of the daily observations ; such comparisons
have been made, and the following Tables contain the results. The differences of
the daily sums of the bifilar magnetometer readings are indicated by 4 (#), the
= A (2)

=o as given in scale divisions whose value = 000013.
2

results

* Tf other evidence of the accuracy of this method of determining the temperature coefficient should

still be desired, I would refer to the coincidence of the results for the value of %, No. 51, and end of

note, p. XXXVii.

ye en

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF THE BIFILAR MAGNET. li

TaBLE 19.—Determinations of the Temperature Coefficient for the Bifilar Magnet,
from Comparisons of the Daily Observations.

b > b+r t <i tptr

Mean of Mean

ZA @® —3A (2) —iA (0) ZA (2) results. result.
- 1844. 2 Sc. Div. Se. Dy. Se. Diy,
{ May 9—May 24 5334-9 | 13066-8 . -¢ 4033-0 2-08
Z May 29—June 28 11938-2| 24597-2 5 -2| 45966-3 1-89
4 July 17—July 30 1843-1 3004-0 . 537- 8470-4 ‘ 1-73

4 Sept. 2—Sept. 25 27322-6| 53684-3 : 2- 1260-8 . 1-99
4 Nov. 26—Dee. 13 17855-4| 36791-6 3: 3104-5 1-76
t For all the Periods | 64294-2 |131143-9 36482-7 | 62835-0 1-88

The mean of the two final results gives
¢ =1-90 scale divisions; g = 0:000247

this value of g has been adopted, and all the observations in this volume are cor-
rected by the equivalent values in scale divisions.

72. The following Table (similar to Table 15) contains the particulars of the
comparisons for intervals of different length, from May 14 till June 28, 1844.

TABLE 20.—Results of Comparisons at Different Intervals.

t Z,
Interval 4 Pg He a < Bee Result

between from all
compari- ye Bees : ) the com-
i 0. 0: 0. 0 5 '

sons. compari- |— =A (x) yA () =a TAL || compari- ZA (2) —ZA @ a parisons

sons. sons.

Se. Div. = Se. Div. 2
142-8 169-2 0-8 311-6 300-0
229-8 118-2 656-8 457-9
459-5 | 217-7 1035-1 619-6
689-5 338-1 1255-5 650-5
811-2 | 479-1 1316-7 812-8
976-5 1574-1 896-7
1194-2 2097-9 | 1198-1
949-9 1894-9 | 1081-4
790:7 1821-9 | 1085-3
805-6 2030-1 | 1116-7
864-5 1970-3 997.0
1075-5 1989-7 | 1147-8
1324-3 1839-5 | 1087-9
1229-5 1940-1 | 1171-5
11543-5 21734-2 | 12623-2

Se. Div.

7}
ee OO ee

NHhHHDSOSWHHOWSHAS

©

Ss
a

SIWVASHNhHHHHAOUAS

CO
bo

5
4
4
6
6
6
7
5
6
3
4
5
7
6
4

PRE NONE EN NE Yb
OODMDNNODOFRNOFS

For all met
intervals,

~T

li INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

73. With the exception of the results of the values of voy where the com-
parisons have been of the readings on one day with those on the next following, the
results are remarkably consistent for all intervals, and in no case does the result
amount to that by temperature experiments ; as an evidence, however, that the first
results differ from the others only accidentally, the following is given, which con-
tains all the comparisons made of the readings on one day with those on the day
immediately following, with the exception already mentioned for the balance magnet,

No. 68 :—

TABLE 21.—Results of Comparisons with One Day’s Interval.

Period compared. No.of » DAE
comparisons.

1844. °
May 9—May 24 11 884-8
May 29—June 28 26 1262-8
July 17—July 31 11 604-5
Sept. 2—Sept. 25 19 834.0
Nov. 26—Dec. 13 15 842-9

4329-0

All the Periods

In this case it will also be remarked, that no partial result is as great as that
from the temperature experiments.

74. As a farther evidence that the result obtained for this instrument is also
independent of any cause, such as has been already suggested for the balance needle,
the following Table contains the results of the comparisons on the same days as
those already given for the balance needle, and on which the differences of tempe-
rature depend on artificial heat :—

TABLE 22.—Results of Comparisons when the Differences of Temperature depend
on Artificial Causes.

Day of No. of 5
ene Days compared with compa-| SA(T) | ZA(é) | SA Ce ae pee
parison. risons. 7 dl
1843. 1843. ° ° Se. Div. Se. Div. Se. Div.
Jan. 23 | Jan. 18—21, 2428 +63:4 | 130-2 +36:3 | +0-29 1-61
Mar. 13 | Mar. 16—21, — 21-2 28-1 -—14-6 — 0-52 2:42
Mar. 14} Mar. 16—21, — 27:5 26-1 -— 80 | —0-31 2-21

Mar. 15 | Mar. 16—21,

Mar. 22} Mar. 16—21, 2498
Mar. 23 | Mar. 16—21, 24—28
Oct. 19°} Oct. 14—18) 20—95
Noy. 25 | Nov. 21—24, 27—Dee. 1
Dec. 21 | Dec. 16—20, 22—97

— 29-0 28-1 +°4:8 | 4+0-17 1-73
+79-1 62:4 +52:0 | +0-83 1-07
455-7 79:5 +23-3 | +0-29 1-71
—41-2 99-6 +32-8 | +0-33 1:57
— 84-5 97-0 +29-9 | +0-31 1-59
—49:9 83-8 + 1-4 | +0-02 1-88

oon nuournno

INCLINOMETER. lin

The quantities ~ (w) are obtained from the observations corrected by the co-
efficient qg’ corresponding to the value g = 0-000247 (as in this volume), but are re-
duced to scale divisions of the common value 0-00013. In one case only does the
resulting coefficient exceed that by the temperature experiments. The final results
are as follow :—

= A(T) = — 55%1; = A (t) = 6348, & A (x) = + 157°8 Sc. div.; error of adopted coefficient = + 0:25 Sc. div.

Tf the three days, January 23, March 22, and March 23, on which the sign of 34 (T)
is the same as the sign of 3 4 (¢), be rejected, we shall have

= A (T) = — 258°3; = A (¢) = 3627, = A (~) = + 46:3 Sc. div.; error of adopted coefficient = + 0:13 Se. div.

75. It is not necessary to reason on these results; the remarkable agreement
of the partial results by all the methods is at once evident. A cause of the differ-
ence from the result by temperature experiments has been already pointed out,
namely, the probable effect of temperature in diminishing the elasticity of the sus-
pending wires. This source of error might be avoided by a silk suspension, but
another of a much graver nature would be introduced, namely, the effect of varying
humidity, which could not be eliminated.

76. All the observations of the bifilar magnetometer have been corrected by
the equivalents in scale divisions of the coefficient g = 0-000247; the coefficients in
scale division are given No. 39.

§ 8. INCLINOMETER.

77. The dip instrument was made by the late Mr Ropinson of London. The
vertical circle is 94 inches in diameter ; it is divided to 10’, the graduations counting
from 0° on the horizontal to 90° on the vertical; 1’ is estimated with the aid of
lenses attached to a glazed case ; the vertical circle turns with a copper framework
on a vertical axis, centred in a horizontal circle ; the latter is 6 inches in diameter,
is divided to 30’ and is read to 1’ by means of a vernier. A sliding framework
carrying Ys moves within that bearing the agate planes on which the axle of the
needle rests, the Ys serve to lift and lower the needle on the agates, but they have
been found to act very irregularly, at times giving the needle a pitch in a certain
direction. A level screwed to the basement plate indicates the horizontality of the
' agates ; this was, however, also verified occasionally by means of a small level placed
upon them; it was found that the level varied according as the door of the case
inclosing the instrument was shut or open; it was, therefore, always tested with
the door shut, as it is during observations.

78. The reading of the horizontal circle, when the vertical circle is in the mag-
netic meridian, was obtained with the aid of a horizontal needle, carried on a pivot
whose arms rest on the agate planes. There are two dipping needles, numbered 1
and 2, and one end of each needle is marked A, the other end is marked B; all the

MAG. AND MET. OBS. 1843. 0

liv INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

marks are on one face of each needle. The needle is observed in four positions with
one end dipping, namely, with the marked face of the needle on the same side as,
and opposite to, the graduated face of the circle, the latter being in the meridian,
first to the east, and then to the west; as each extremity of the needle is observed
there are thus eight readings obtained. The poles being changed, and the other end
dipping, other eight readings are similarly obtained. The means of the two read-
ings for each position are given in this volume.

In changing the poles, the needle was placed on a small wooden block having
a hole to receive the axle; it then received eight strokes on each face (as in the
method of double touch) from two magnets, each 9 inches long, $ inch broad.

79. The inclinometer occupied the pillar I, in the plan (Plate I.), to the east
of the declinometer pillar till May 30. 1843, when it was removed to the wooden
house, described No. 24, where it was placed on a strong wooden post unconnected
with the floor.

80. After June 1843, many of the observations were rendered valueless by the
action of the lifter on the needle when the latter was in certain positions. The fol-
lowing notes to the observations made at the time will explain the nature of the
difficulty :—

July 26, 1843. This observation made with great care, in order to determine
if the apparent increase of dip is real, or only due to instrumental error. Every
reading was determined by at least a dozen trials; the different trials varied little
for the same position with one exception, in which the readings varied 10’ on each
side of the mean; there is, however, evidently something wrong with the lifter, as,
on attempting to verify a reading marked (q), after the completion of the observa-
tion, only 73° 45’ could be obtained, instead of 74° 0’.

August 1. 1843. As it was found that the lifter did not move freely last obser-
vation, it was taken out, cleaned, and bent a little, so as to fit better ; to-day’s ob-
servation was then made, but some other source of error exists, as there is a ten-
dency, in lowering the needle on the planes, to move it always in one direction ; the
readings thus may be made to go on increasing, and, by a slight difference in the
mode of lowering, they may be made to go on diminishing. It cost two hours to
make the first reading, and the observation is not considered good.

September 12. 1843. Previous to this observation, the agate planes were ad-
justed to horizontality as accurately as the small level would permit. The obser-
vation was bad, but chiefly in the reading marked (*), 67° 30° was the reading
generally gained, but after half-an-hour the needle rested at 68° 19’.

After this date the instrument was sent to Messrs AprE and Son for adjust-
ment, when the needle No. 1. was also adjusted.

The following are notes to the observations after the adjustment of the instru-
ment :—

October 6. 1848. Observation not considered good—several of the readings

ag, ey

(ret mem, ee Pt eae

Rep ag

|
}

BAROMETER. lv

doubtful—the needle often has a tendency to read any thing, and is very irregular
in its motions when lowered by the Ys. (Observer W.)

October 8. 1843. Needle No. 2. The readings are much better than with needle
No. 1, but some of them are ‘doubtful ; when lowered by the Ys the needle some-
times leaps 2° or 3°. (Observer W.)

October 9. 1843. Needle No. 1. This observation was considered fair till the
last reading, which might have been taken at any thing from 73° to 75°.

Same date. Needle No. 2. A fair observation; some of the readings, however,
were not certain to about 5’.

The observations were, in general, so unsatisfactory, that they were discon-
tinued till Nov. 20; afterwards observations were made, which were, in general,
more satisfactory.

81. Observations were made on April 18 and May 2, 1843, in different azi-
muths, in order to determine the correction due to the irregularity of the needle’s
axle, or perhaps to the presence of iron in the vertical circle ; these observations
have been already given (Table 21. and Table 22, Introduction, 1841-2.) The
correction deduced was about — 11’ for needle No. 1. No correction has been
applied to the results in this volume.

82. In 1846, the vertical circle was removed from the instrument and placed
horizontally, the dip needle was suspended by a silk fibre within the circle, the
needle and circle being in the same plane, the needle was then vibrated horizontally,
and the zero of the graduations was placed in different azimuths ; the time of vibra-
tion was found very little affected by the varying positions of the circle; it seems
probable, therefore, that the correction above is due solely to the imperfections of
the axle.

§ 9. BAROMETER.

83. The barometer is by NEwMAN. The tube is 0-552 inch in diameter; the
scale is attached to a brass rod, terminating in an ivory point, which, at each obser-

vation, is made to meet its image in the mercury of the cistern; the cistern is about

Va

3 inches in diameter; the vernier professes to read to 0-002 inch, and that 0-001
may be estimated, but the graduation is so inexact as to give changes in error from
0:002 to 0-003 inch. The barometer was compared indirectly with the standard of
the Royal Society, by means of one made by NEwMAN for the DuKE of ARGYLE.

7 The comparisons of the Duke of ARGYLE’s barometer with the flint and crown glass

standards of the Royal Society are given Table 23, Introduction, 1841-2; they are
not consistent ; the mean gives :

Correction of the DUKE of ARGYLE’S standard barometer to those of the Royal Society
= — 0:009 inch.

lvi INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

A consistent series of comparisons of the Makerstoun standard with the DUKE
of ARGYLE’s standard, given Table 24, Introduction, 1841-2, gives the mean -
Correction of the Makerstoun standard barometer to the standard belonging to the

Duke of ARGYLE = — 0-003 inch.
whence

Correction of the Makerstoun standard barometer to the standard barometers of the
Royal Society = — 0:012 inch.

84. All the observations are corrected to the Royal Society’s standard baro-
meter, and for temperature by ScuuMAcHER’s Tables, given in the Report of the
Committee of Physies of the Royal Society.

The cistern of the barometer is 213 feet above the mean level of the sea at
Berwick-upon-Tweed. (See No. 1.)

§ 10. THERMOMETERS.

85. The dry and wet bulb thermometers are by ADIE and Son. The bulbs
are 0-3 inch in diameter, and tenths of a degree can be estimated on the scales ;
they are placed four inches apart on a wooden slab, the bulbs projecting below it.
The slab was placed in the middle of a wooden case, the sides and top of which were
formed like Venetian blinds, the case was open below and on the side next the
Observatory ; the thermometers, which were read from within, were about 9 inches
distant from the west window on the north side of the building. As the thermome-
ters were subject to the effect of radiation from the interior of the Observatory, the
slab carrying them was, after January 24. 1843, fixed to the front of a wooden case
with a slightly projecting top and sides, and with a double sloping back, the ther-
mometers being 4 feet from the ground; the case revolves on a post, and can be
turned from within the Observatory by means of cords and pulleys. When an ob-
servation is made, the case is turned till the thermometers face the window, being
9 inches distant from it ; after reading, which is done through the glass (thus avoid-
ing any source of error due to the proximity of the observer, or the light at might),
the case is again turned till the thermometers face the west if the sun shine in the
morning, the east if it shine in the evening, and the north at all other times, unless
it rain, when the back of the case is turned to the wind, if any. Holes were cut in
the front of the case immediately behind the bulbs of the thermometers, in order to
give a free circulation to the air around them, and to prevent any effect from the
different temperature of the wood; a small projecting ledge below carries the cis-
tern of the wet bulb, and prevents, to some extent, the effect of radiation from the
soil on the thermometers. It was found, early in the summer of 1843, that, in spite
of all precautions, when the sun shines strongly before 7 A.M., or after 5 P.M., the
thermometers are visibly affected by it. A moveable front, to which the thermome-
ter slab was attached, was accordingly placed on the case, and, in the morning or

_— a

ae

ee eS ee

THERMOMETERS. lv

the evening when the sun shone, the front was removed and suspended at an equal
height, on the west or east wall of the Observatory, being kept apart from it by pro-
jecting pins. Observations at different times shewed that, all other things being
equal, the temperature was the same in all the positions ; but when the sun shone
it might be one or two degrees less to the east or west than to the north.

86. It sometimes happens when the air is very humid during frost, especially
when the temperature is falling, that the dry bulb thermometer reads less than the
wet bulb; when such is the case the readings of the wet bulb have not been printed
in this volume, and in the summations for the abstracts the readings of the thermo-
meters are considered as the same.*

87. The maximum and minimum register thermometers, on RUTHERFORD’S con-
struction, were made by Aprz and Son. Before January 24, 1843, they were placed
4 feet from the ground, near the east window, facing the north, and were protected
from the sun’s rays in the morning and evening by projecting spars of wood, After
January 24 they were placed on the same board with the dry and wet bulb thermo-
meters, 5 feet from the ground.

88. The following table contains the corrections of the thermometers to a
standard thermometer by NEwMaNn. The comparisons were made in melting ice or
snow for the freezing point, and in water at different temperatures. This table also
contains the correction for the bifilar and balance thermometers, which have not
been applied (see No. 33).

TABLE 23.—Corrections of Thermometers to the Standard by NEWMAN.

Bifilar (Ross),| Balance.

°

—0-1
—0-1
—0-1
—0:3
—0:5
— 0-5
— 0-4
—0-3

— 0-3
—0-2
—0.1

* The cause of this apparent anomaly, it is conceived, is this, that the moisture deposited on the silk

_ cover of the wet bulb is frozen as it is deposited, until it becomes a thickish coat of silk and ice; the mer-
_ cury in the bulb will thus, following the falling temperature of the air, contract slowly, and will be less

affected by any evaporation proceeding on the outer surface of the coat; on the dry bulb, however, the

_ frozen moisture is but a thin film, as the bulb is generally dried between the observations, it will thus
_ he easily affected by any evaporation, and become, in fact, a wet bulb thermometer; it might be ad-
i visable, therefore, instead of rejecting to substitute the readings of the wet bulb for the dry, and the
‘ readings of the dry bulb for the wet,

MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. P

lviii INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

No correction has been applied to the observations of the dry and wet bulb
thermometers ; the observations of the maximum and minimum register thermome-
ters have been corrected, and all the abstracts of results for the dry and wet bulb
thermometers.

§ 11. Rarn-GaucEs.

89. The rain-gauge (A) is placed in a space, enclosed by a paling on the top
of the Observatory hill, with a good exposure on all sides. The funnel mouth is
6:1 inches in diameter, 8 inches above the soil, and 218 feet above the level of the
sea. The quantity of rain is measured at noon by pouring it into a glass tube,
graduated with reference to the aperture of the funnel.

90. The monthly results of two other gauges are given in the abstracts. One
(B) is placed on the top of the greenhouse roof, 680 feet NNE. of the Observatory
gauge; the funnel mouth is 6-7 inches in diameter, it is connected with a graduated
tube within the greenhouse, it is 18 feet from the ground, and 192 feet above the
level of the sea. This gauge is sheltered to the E. and NE. by trees, and its indica-
tions are therefore less trustworthy, especially during easterly winds ; the amount of
rain received in the funnel is also affected by the gusts of wind deflected from the
sloping roof.

91. The other gauge (C) is in the middle of the Makerstoun garden, with a
good exposure ; the funnel mouth is 6:7 inches in diameter, is 65 feet above the
soil, 171 feet above the level of the sea, and about 620 feet N. by E. of the Obser-
vatory gauge. The funnel is connected with a graduated tube. The greenhouse
and garden gauges were observed by Mr Maccat1, the head-gardener.

§ 12. ANEMOMETER.

92. The anemometer consists of two separate parts, both made and erected by
ADIE and Son; one gives the direction, the other the pressure, of the wind.

93. The vane is placed on the north wall of the Observatory, and, by means of
a rod and geering-wheels, it indicates the direction of the wind on a dial-plate within
the building.

94. The anemometer proper, the invention of Mr R. ApiE of Liverpool, is
placed at the north-east corner of the Observatory. This instrument will be best
understood by a reference to the annexed figure ; @ is a cistern containing water to
the level 6, c being a turn-cock for letting the water off to the exact level, and da
glass gauge to shew when the water becomes too low, from evaporation or other-
wise ; an inverted vessel ¢ is suspended in the water by a cord passing over the
wheel f, whose axle rests on friction-rollers at g and A; 7 is a spiral which has.a
cord wrapped on it carrying a weight k, which balances the vessel e; / is a dial,
graduated on the face near the circumference ; m an index, attached to the common

ee

ANEMOMETER. lix

axle of the wheel and spiral; 7 a loose index under the index m, which the latter
carries forward by means of a projecting pin near the extremity ; 0 a tube passing
under the cistern a, which, entering the bottom, proceeds upwards within the vessel e
till its open extremity is above the level of the water in a neck of the vessel e; the
other end of the tube o is six feet above the outer wall of the observatory, where it

S
a8

/
ooh SEE Perens ee apes
7

.
eS

SS, 4

pe
a
,

x
‘.

is capped by a vane p; at the top of the tube o
three brass rods are joined, which carry a
small tube in which a pin within the top piece
q vests or turns; the tube o is double at the
top, containing between the tubes a quantity
of mercury to the level r, the continuation
of the cylindrical body of the vane enters the
mercury, and a double portion s acts as an
outer cover to the mereury cistern, ¢is an aper-
ture, 2 inches square. When the wind blows,
this aperture is presented to it, the wind then
presses on the column of air within the tube o
(being prevented from escaping under the

| vane by the mercury), and ultimately on the
| top surface of the vessel e, forcing the latter
| up, turning the axle carrying the index m,

which carries before it the index n, leaving
it at its farthest excursion. The dial is gra-
duated as follows :—The surface of the top
of the vessel e on which the wind presses is
78 square inches, therefore a pressure of 1 lb.
on this surface is equivalent to 14 lb. on a
square foot. Different weights are suspended
on the wheel f, acting oppositely to the vessel e,
and the position of the index for each weight
shews the pressure on a square foot of sur-
face equal to the weight suspended multiplied
by the above ratio. The spiral, on which the
weight & acts, is the involute of a circle whose

3 R : : 5
radius r= pa where R is the radius of the

wheel f, and 2 7 is the circumference to radius of one, if the vessel e were homo-

geneous throughout its depth, the equal increments of motion in the index would
correspond to equal increments of pressure.*

* The application of the involute of the circle as the spiral is due, I believe, to Professor Forsgs.

It is easily shewn that if the vessel e be homogeneous, w being the weight of a ring whose depth is one

Ix INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1845.

95. The instrument is observed in the following manner :—About 2™ before
the observation hour the pressure shewn by the index n is registered as the maxi-
mum pressure ; this index is then put back to zero, and from 7™ to 10™ afterwards,
the position to which it has again been carried by the index m is noted as the pre-
sent pressure: the index m is then set to zero, and a similar double observation
made at the next observation hour.

96. It is conceived that this instrument is trustworthy. It is occasionally,
however, liable to slight derangements ; the cup at the top containing mercury fills
with rain, which, when frozen, prevents the vane from turning its aperture to the wind.

§ 13. SravTE oF THE Sky.

97. The quantity of clouds is estimated, the whole sky covered with clouds
being noted as 10, the complete absence of clouds being zero. The motions of the
clouds are estimated as follows :—A well marked portion of cloud which passes
through, or nearly through, the zenith, is watched till the direction is found in which
it seems to run down, or parallel to, one corner of the Observatory ; this direction is
then estimated very nearly, as the walls are in the meridian and prime vertical.
About the end of 1843, the points of the compass, with reference to each corner,
were marked on the paling surrounding the Observatory. I have no hesitation in
saying, that the motions of upper currents of air thus observed are much better de-
termined than the motion of the lower or surface current by the vane.

98. The nomenclature adopted is that of Mr Howarp, with certain combina~
tions, which are, in general, sufficiently descriptive. The term scud refers to that
loose, generally amorphous, and often rainy cloud, which is the lowest of all except-
ing the stratus.

§ 14. Clock, STovE, AND COMPUTING Room.

99. The mean time clock in the Observatory is by Dent of London ; it is kept
at Géttingen mean time by means of comparisons with the transit clocks in the
Astronomical Observatory, the errors of which are determined by Sir THomas
BRISBANE, by myself, or my assistant. The rate of the mean time clock is kept
small by placing small weights on, or taking them off, the bob of the pendulum.

inch, P the pressure which the wind exerts on the top of ¢ diminishing its weight, @ the corresponding
are through which the circumference of the wheel f moyes (or the length of cord wrapped on the wheel),
W the weight of the counterpoise &, and o the specific gravity of the material (zinc) of which e is formed,
then

P Ww w

age eh Rg

a constant ratio.

DESCRIPTION OF THE TABLES. Ixi

100. A copper stove occupied the position S in the plan (Plate I.), and was
lighted every day from January | till March 15, 1843, with one exception, namely,
on January 23. It was only lighted three times again in 1843, namely, on Octo-
ber 19, November 25, and December 21, as it tended to increase the diurnal range
of temperature, and to create aérial currents within the Observatory.

A small brick building was erected 24 yards to the east of the Observatory,
which was occupied after March 16 as a computing room. It was determined that
the bricks at that distance had no effect on the reading of the declinometer.

=

a

§ 15. DESCRIPTION OF THE TABLES OF OBSERVATIONS.

Daily Observations of Magnetometers, pages 1—28.

101. The first column contains the Géttingen mean time, astronomical reckoning,
of the observations of the declination magnetometer. Gdittingen time is 49™ 50° in
advance of Makerstoun time.

The second column gives the absolute westerly declination in degrees, minutes,

‘and decimals, deduced as described, No. 23.

The third column contains the observations of the bifilar magnetometer in scale
divisions, corrected for temperature to 26° Fahr., see Nos. 39 and 45; increasing
numbers indicate increasing force. The bifilar is observed 2™ after the declination.

The fourth column contains the temperature of the bifilar magnet in degrees
of Fahrenheit.

The fifth column gives the readings of the balance magnetometer in microme-
ter divisions, corrected for temperature to 26° Fahr., see No. 58 ; increasing num-
bers indicate increasing force. The balance is observed 3™ after the declination.

The sixth column contains the temperature of the balance needle in degrees of
Fahrenheit.

102. At the foot of each page are given the declinometer torsion-circle readings
for the torsion eliminated. A comparison of any one reading with the previous read-

_ ing will give the number of degrees of torsion introduced between the two periods ;
10° of torsion introduces an error into the observations of 0’-9 ; references are made
to footnotes, which at times indicate the cause that has produced the torsion, and

' the period that it may have existed. The value, &, of one scale division of the

bifilar magnetometer, the whole horizontal force at Makerstoun being unity, is also
given, together with the approximate value, k, of one micrometer division of the

balance magnetometer, the whole vertical force being unity, obtained as in No. 55.

The value used in the abstracts differs considerably, and is k = 0-000009.

The obseryer’s initial will be found at the same date of the meteorological ob-
servations.

MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. q

lxii INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

Term-Day Observations of Magnetometers, pages 29—48,

103. The first column contains the minute in G6ttingen mean time of the de-
clination observation. The hour is given in the middle of each triplet of columns.

The second column gives the absolute westerly declination in degrees, minutes,
and decimals.

The third column gives the bifilar magnetometer mean scale readings, corrected
for temperature to 26° Fahr. The observations are made 2™ after those of the de-
clination.

The fourth column contains the balance magnetometer micrometer readings,
corrected for temperature to 26° Fahr. The observations are made 3™ after those
of the declination.

104. The readings of the bifilar and balance thermometers at the commence-
ment of each hour are given, together with the initial of the observer during the
hour, at the foot of each page.

105. The corrections for temperature are applied thus :—The first observation
(at the commencement) of each hour is corrected for the difference of the magnet’s
temperature at the hour from 26° Fahr., the corrections to the observations between
the hours are then interpolated between the initial corrections. :

Extra Observations of Magnetometers, pages 49—73.

106. These are observations made generally during magnetic disturbances.
The same remarks apply with regard to temperature corrections, &c., as in the
term observations, excepting that the Gottingen day and hour are given in the first
column, and the minute is given for the observations of each instrument.

107. The observations of magnetic dip and absolute horizontal intensity require
no other explanation than will be found in sections 4 and 8.

Daily Meteorological Observations, pages 86—197.

108. The first column contains the Géttingen mean time, astronomical reckon-
ing, of the observations, all of which are made within a few minutes of the hour,
and generally in a certain order. The Géttingen time is 49" 50° in advance of the”
Makerstoun time. The second column contains the readings of the barometer cor-
rected for temperature, and to the Royal Society’s standard barometers. See No. 83.

The third column gives the observed readings of the dry bulb thermometer in
degrees Fahrenheit.

The fourth column contains the observed readings of the wet bulb thermometer.

The fifth column gives the differences of the readings of the dry and wet bulb
thermometers.

The sixth column contains the readings of the maximum and minimum register
thermometers, corrected by the quantities in Table 23. The minimum temperature
of the night, read at 9 4.M. Makerstoun mean time, is immediately preceded by the
maximum of the previous day, read at the same time.

DESCRIPTION OF THE TABLES. Ixiii

The seventh column gives the readings, in inches and decimals, of the Obser-
vatory rain-gauge, made at noon.

The eighth column contains the maximum pressure of wind on a square foot
of surface which has occurred since the previous observation, No. 95.

The ninth column contains the greatest pressure which occurs within 10 minutes
at the time of observation ; titled the present pressure ; this is sometimes higher
than the maximum previously recorded.

The tenth column gives the point of the compass from which the surface-wind
blows, as observed on the vane-dial.

The eleventh column gives the points of the compass from which the clouds
move, observed as described No. 97 ; when there are more motions than one ob-
served, the motion of the lowest stratum of clouds is placed first, that is to say, next
to the motion of the surface-wind in the tenth column ; the motion of the next higher
stratum is separated from that of the lower stratum by a colon (:), and so with those
higher still. Thus, July 12° 18", while the motion of the surface-current was pro-
bably from WSW., the lowest stratum of clouds moyed from NW., the next higher
from NNW., and the highest clouds from SE. by S.

* The twelfth column gives the estimated quantity of the sky covered with clouds,
or the estimated surface of clouds compared with that of the whole hemisphere, the
latter being 10.

109. The page opposite to these columns contains the species of clouds and
general observations on the state of the sky or weather, as observed immediately
after the observations of the meteorological instruments. The clouds whose motions
have been defined are placed first, commencing with the lowest, and when several
motions have been observed the strata are separated, as the directions are in the
eleventh column, by colons (:); thus, in the above example, July 124 18". Scud
moved from NW., cirro-cumulous scud from NNW., and cirri from SE. by S.
When the directions in which any clouds move have not been determined, these are
separated from the others by a cross ~~; in the previous example there was a thick
mass of cirrous haze and cumulo-strati to E., whose motion was undetermined. The
initial of the observer is given last ; and as the same person makes the magnetical
and meteorological observations, the initials serve for the magnetical observations
at the same hours.

Term-Day and Extra Meteorological Observations, pages 200—217.

110. These observations are made, during the magnetical term-days, at the
_ solstices and equinoxes,* and on other occasions.

* The observations at the solstices and equinoxes were forwarded by Sir THomas BrisBANE to
_ M. Quereter of Brussels, and have appeared in his collection of “ Observations des Phénoménes Pério-
| _ diques,”” Mémoires de I’ Académie Royale de Bruxelles.

xiv InTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

The columns are the same as in the daily meteorological observations, except-
ing that the columns for the maximum and minimum thermometers are awanting.

ABSTRACT OF REsuLts, pages 219—305.

111. These Tables have appended or prefixed to them all requisite explana-
tions, together with remarks on the conclusions deduced. It may be mentioned
here, also, that in the Tables of Abstracts for the Magnetical Observations, summer
consists of the months of May, June, and July, while, in the Zables of Abstracts
for the Meteorological Observations, summer consists of the months of June, July,
and August.

Ourves of the Term-Day Observations after page 306.

112. The term-day observations have been projected and printed by a new
process, which, as it may be of use in other cases, it may be desirable to describe
here. Having obtained a sufficient number of lithographed copies of the curve paper,
the observations were projected with the greatest accuracy, and the lines drawn with
lithographic ink, by Mr Wetsu ; from these drawings the copies in this volume
were obtained by the Anastatic process. The advantages of this method are, 1s¢, the
accuracy with which the observations are at once projected from the original obser-
vations (instead of being copies merely); 2d, that the curve paper has only to be.
drawn once for all the curves ; 3d, that the expense is considerably less. The curve
paper was prepared, and the curves were transferred by Mr R. Appet, lithographic
and anastatic printer, Ipswich.

GENERAL REMARKS.

113. It is perhaps desirable that some reasons should be given for the methods
of reducing and printing the magnetical observations adopted in this volume.

114. The westerly declination has been given in the common units, degrees,
and minutes, because the units are common ; as it is as easy to give the variations
of declination, with reference to the astronomical as to any other meridian, the
printed observations are all absolute. They are thus at once comparable with all
other observations which have been, or may be, reduced to the common units.

115. The bifilar and balance magnetometer readings are given in scale and
micrometer divisions respectively, because no common unit of force has been yet
agreed on, and because, in the case of the balance magnetometer, I had every reason
to believe that an accurate value of the micrometer divisions had not been obtained,
The results have been converted into parts of force, because it was necessary for con-
clusions on the variations of the total force and of the dip. If, however, the unit at
different places must be variable, it seems desirable that it should be the same at
the same place for the horizontal and vertical components and for the total force,

POSTSCRIPT. lxv

116. The observations of both the force magnetometers have been corrected for
temperature, it is conceived, with a considerable approximation to accuracy ; but not
wishing to dogmatize in the use of a new mode of determining the temperature co-
efficient, I have, with Sir THomas BrisBANE’s leave, printed in all cases the tem-
peratures of the magnets. In this, as in some other cases, I have preferred giving
what may seem at present too much, rather than any one should afterwards have
reason to find that I had given too little.

117. All the reductions have been made by my present assistants, Messrs
We su and Hoee, and by myself. Each computation has been performed twice,
and that generally by different individuals.

Maxerstoun, June 1846.

Postscript.

Value of the Scale Divisions of the Bifilar Magnetometer in parts of the whole
Horizontal Force.

118. A consideration of the theory of the bifilar magnetometer will shew that it
is assumed that the suspending wires do not act at all by any elastic force ; that, in
fact, the force opposing the magnetic force is the resolved portion of that due to the
weight suspended endeavouring to gain its lowest point, and, therefore, that if w be
any angle from the magnetic meridian to which the magnet is deflected, the corre-

sponding torsion of the wires being uv (No. 35.), then —— is a constant ratio. If

the assumption fail, there will be every reason to doubt the accuracy of the coeffi-
cient k, which depends on sin v and its difference. Any considerable error was not
suspected ; but the method described in the note, pages 2 and 3, having been found
to answer so well for the determination of the coefficient for the balance needle, there
was little doubt but that it would succeed much better for that of the bifilar magnet.
Experiments were accordingly made when the previous Introduction was nearly
through the press.

119. If the equation of equilibrium for the bifilar magnet when at right angles
to the magnetic meridian be (No. 35.)

: m X =f

and if a magnet, whose moment is M, be placed in the magnetic meridian, with its
_ centre in the continuation of the bifilar magnet when at right angles to the magnetic
_ meridian, and at a distance r from its centre, the resulting angle of deflection being
Av, equal n scale divisions, the equation of equilibrium will be (see the note already

referred to),
cM

m (x + ) cos Av=f’

MAG. AND MET. OBS. 1843. ,

73

Ixvl InTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

where f” is the force opposed to the magnetic force. Fora horizontal force X’, which
would alone have brought the magnet into this position the equation would have

been
m X' cos Av=f"

whence
ig
v
and
BOD. ANOS Bil os 7° tan wu
mm DD. Ce a oD, ne By as)

u being the deflection of a freely suspended magnet produced by placing the deflect-
ing bar at right angles to the magnetic meridian, with its centre at a distance 7,
from the centre of the suspended magnet.

As kis the value of “= for one seale division

_ 72 tan u*
— 7 On
120. The results of the experiments made on two days, and at a different dis-
tance on each day, are,

First day, £=0:0001021.
Second day, =0:0001025.

The value of & from the formula, =a cot v, being k=0°000125. This difference is
very considerable, so much so, that even though again delaying the publication of
the Observations for 1843, I have determined to go over the various reductions in
the abstracts, with the coefficients derived from the above in the following manner :—
k being the coefficient given in Table 11, the coefficient used in the reductions in
the abstracts of results is obtained from it in multiplying by 1923 =0-8184; 0-0001023
being the mean value of & obtained by deflections, and 0-0001250 the value of &
obtained from the formula k=a cot v. The coefficients used are therefore as follow :

Jan. 14—April 274 1843, s=0-0001021,
April 28 —Nov. 8 1843, s=0-0000986,
Nov. 10 —Dec. 31 1843, s=0-0001064.

* It is obvious that the investigation for the balance magnet might be made in this way with ad-
vantage, the final equation in the note, p. xxxvi, would then stand thus—

tan wu
r> ° QntanO

Maxerstoun, August 1846.

DAILY OBSERVATIONS

OF

MAGNETOMETERS.

‘

MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATORY,
1843.

“MAG. AND MEY. os. 1843.

DaAILy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JANUARY 1—18. 1843.

Gottingen BIFILaR. BALANCE, Gottingen BIrILar. BALANCE,
Mean Time of DECLINA- Mean Time of DECLINA- ~
Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo- Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Therm
Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter
da h m. ° 4 Se. Div. . Mic. Div. 2 da h m ) ‘é Se. Div. z Mic. Div.
Jan. 1 20 Oj 25 29-88 533-4| 36-1 || 740-0] 36-7 | Jan. 11 20 0} 25 23-43 535-0| 47-3 || 778-1
23° 0 29-51 533-8] 41-0 || 765-2| 42-0 PA (1) 23-04 532-2) 46-0 || 785-0
van, 2 2° 0 29-62 530-0| 49-8 || 778-2| 50-2 }Jan. 12 0 0 25-63 533-6| 50-0 || 782-9
5 (0 25-04 536:6| 53-9 || 846-6] 54-9 2 iG 25-85 540-0| 52-1 || 773-5
4 0 24.18 538-8| 53-8 || 771-4
20 O}] 25 23-16 528-2| 33-7 || 750-2} 35-5 6 0 23-77 536-1| 51-3 || 773-4
23 0 30-43 532-1| 43-0 || 785-8| 45-0 8 0 23-59 538-5| 52-7 || 782-0
Jan, 3) 52 (0 28-72 540-6| 50-2 || 783-9] 51-4 10 0 21:44 537-1| 53-3 || 786-2
5 0 27-00 539-9| 50-7 || 789-8} 51-8
20 0|| 25 22-69 535-3| 43-3 || 768-2
20 O|] 25 26-75 534-8| 48-7 || 785-4| 51-4 22 0 22.42 534-3] 45-5 || 772-0
23 0 26-72 531-8| 49-0 || 787-4| 50-5 |] Jan. 13 0 0 25-56 534-4| 48-0 || 775-4
Jan. 4 2 0 29-28 536-0| 51-8 || 789-8| 52-8 2. ie 27-44 539-9| 52-6 || 773-7
5 (0 27-71 540-5| 54-9 || 783-6} 56-0 ye i | See 538-4| 52-8 || 782-5
6 0 24-45 537-9| 51-7 || 778-4
20 O}] 25 26-77 537-4| 48-8 || 774-9] 51-0 8 0 27-29 539-6] 52-7 || 782-1
23 0 27-76 530-9| 49-5 || 780-8] 51-7 10 0 24-11 540:-4| 53-5 |) 787-3
Jan. 5 2.0 29-15 541-8| 56-3 || 778-9} 59-0
5 0 27-74 || 535-3) 52-6 | 785-6) 54:8 20 0|| 25 24-98 || 536-4) 46-9 || 775-3
22 0 23-79 529-8| 45-4 || 781-2
20 0O}| 25 27-02 533-8] 45-0 | 773-4) 47-3] Jan. 14 0 0 26-79 531-8| 49-9 || 789.2
23 0 28-39 529-:0| 45-4 || 759-0} 47-0 2 0 28-18 540-9| 54-4 || 783-6
Jan. 6 2 O]/ 29-93 || 541-2) 52-8 | 786-7) 54-4 4 0|| 26-32 | 541-6| 55-6 || 775-1
5 0 26-33 || 546-0] 59-7 || 786-9) 59-7 6 0 25-32 || 539-1] 52-1 || 780-8
8 0 25-34 536-4| 51-0 || 784-9
20 O}] 25 23-44 538-7| 49-9 || 773-5} 52-0 10° .0 24-77 535-3| 52-1 | 788-3
23 0 25-27 538-3] 52-8 || 785-2) 55-2
Jans /2ee0) 27-38 541-2] 53-9 || 767-2) 55-6 | Jan. 15 18 0|| 25 23-68 538-1] 42-3 | 768-4
5 0 24-33 539-2| 54-5 || 755-5) 54-8 20 0 25-81 542-9| 47-1 || 761-5
220 24:99 537-9| 46-8 || 766-5
Jan. 8 20 O|| 25 24-15 533-6| 33-8 || 739-9] 34-8 | Jan. 16 0 0 28-52 540-0} 48-9 || 766-9
22 0 24-13 533-3| 35-1 || 758-3] 36-3 Pay) 33-10 546-4| 51-8 || 766-0
Jap. 9: 0 0 26-26 539-6| 43-3 || 763-0} 45-0 4,0 29-26 547-3| 54-9 || 775-5
a 29:33 555-5| 53-1 || 801-1] 56-6 6 0 26-05 547-6| 53-7 || 775-6
4 0 26-57 538-4] 50-0 || 733-3] 49-5 8 0 25-11 544-2} 54-0 || 773-6
6/0 25-93 541-5] 49-5 || 760-3] 48-5 10 0 24-01 543-1] 54-2 || 773-0
8 0 25-32 540-7| 50-3 || 782-9] 51-7
10 0 23-27 || 544-1] 56-5 || 778-2) 57-9 18 0|| 25 26-22 || 539-9] 50-0 || 771-3
20 0 24-77 545-9| 55-3 || 770-6
20 O|| 25 24-77 531-9| 46-4 || 757-8] 46-8 22.0 25-18 538-7| 53-8 || 766-6
22 0 25-41 532:0| 46-5 || 770-8| 47:8 | Jan. 17 0 0 26-06 537-2| 53-1 || 767-8
Jan. 10 0 0 26-79 535-6| 48-8 || 775-8| 50-5 2 0 27-61 539-0) 54-0 || 770-5
2 0 28-03 540-1| 50-8 || 775-0} 53-0 4 0 27-47 542-7| 58-3 || 778-2
4 0 25-96 542-:1| 54-0 || 771-8] 56-8 6 0 26-73 || 532-2} 56-0 || 790-0
6 0 26-01 539-3] 51-9 || 785-1] 54-0 8 0 23-90 538-1| 56-2 || 785-5
8 0 23-39 541-4] 51-8 || 785-5] 54-4 10 O 22.74 537-9| 56-8 || 782-5
10 0 22-72 542-0} 53-6 || 786-6] 56-5
18 0O]| 25 23-98 540-8| 55-2 || 767-5
20 O|| 25 23:26 538-5| 49-9 || 827-1] 52-5 20 0 24-08 541-0| 56-4 || 774-6
22 0 23-29 535-8| 49-4 || 778-4) 52-2 22° 0 23-88 536-1| 56-9 || 769-8
Jan. 11 0 5 25-76 534-0| 49-2 || 778-1] 515 | Jan. 18 0 7 27-49 534-0| 57-4 || 771-4
20 26-72 545-3| 53-8 || 785-2} 56-0 Oye <0) 28-35 538-7| 57-7 || 771-4
4 0 26-20 542-3] 52-9 || 759-3) 55-5 4 0 27-16 540-5] 57-2 || 780-4
6 0 25-48 540-6| 52-1 || 773-2] 54-2 6 0 25-56 541-1| 57-6 || 777-4
8 8 23-01 527-0| 52-7 || 834-4] 54-9 8 0 29-33 537-5| 57-7 || 774-8] oI
10 0 22-06 531-4} 52-6 || 811-0] 55-7 10 0 27-36 533-5| 56-8 || 781-8 7
Breese Torsion removed, circle reading,—Dec. 204 1842, 168°; Jan, 24 21h, 194° ;* 6464, 224° ;»* 94 21h, 249°; 134 2h, 1°

BIFILaR. k=0:0001248. BALANCE. k=0:000015 approximately.

roduced in taking ont the magnet in order to make the Dip observation ; it W

* Jan. 2d 21h, It is probable that this change in the plane of detorsion was 3 viola k PS: t, *
een broken in taking out the magnet, and @

found ultimately tht two fibres of the suspension thread had been broken. it is conceived that one fibre had
other on replacing it, from the great change of torsion found on January 6.

4 Jan. 134 2h 39m, After an observation for the value of = the broken fibres mentioned aboye were withdrawn, and the torsion eliminated.

Jan. 174 0b, The Declination observation was 20m late on account of the torsion being removed from the suspension thread.

: DarLy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JANUARY 18—Fepruary 1. 1843. 3
ii Gottingen BIFILAR, BALANCE. Gottingen . BiFivar. BALANCE.
Mean Time of DECLINA- Mean Time of DECLINA-
Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- /Thermo: Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- /Thermo
- Observation. rected. | meter. |} rected, | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter.
fly cc bh m. aie Se. Div. 5) Mic. Div. ° da ohm ol His, Se. Div. z Mic. Diy. °
Jan . 18 18 O}] 25 27-81 538-5} 60-8 || 755-8| 61-8 | Jan. 25 18 0/|| 25 25-27 537-4] 59-3 || 757-9| 61-0
Lain 20 0 27-98 536-2} 59-5 || 747-7} 62-0 20 0 24-87 537-9} 58-8 || 760-3) 60-3
Hy! 22 0 27-78 532-5] 59-3 || 763-3} 61-0 22 0 24-06 530-9} 58-3 || 765-5) 60-0
Jan. 19 0 O 29-83 529-3| 58-3 || 771-8| 59-8 | Jan. 26 0 O 27-22 531-6} 58-9 || 769-8] 60-8
4 2 0 31-99 || 533-4] 58-3 || 775-1] 60-0 20 28-94 || 535-7| 59-7 || 759-1] 61-4
a’ 4 0 30-00 542-1] 59-0 || 780-8} 60-3 4 0 26-48 537-6} 59-4 || 765-9] 61-0
wid 6 0 29-04 540-7| 60-3 || 767-9] 61-5 6 0 25-76 || 538-3] 59-2 || 762-0) 61-0
8 0 27-85 538-0} 60-3 || 758-1} 61-5 8 0 24-10 529.9] 59-0 || 768-2| 60-5
0 25-48 533-4] 59-2 || 769-4] 60-5 10 0 22-62 || 534-7| 60-0 || 769-1} 62-6
0|| 25 27-29 537-2] 55-8 || 773-1| 57-4 18 0O|| 25 24-33 540-9} 60-7 || 752-1) 62-4
0 27-40 538-7} 55-9 || 774-3] 57-8 20 O 24-77 540-5] 60-9 || 751-2| 62-5
0 27-17 533-3} 55-3 || 775-5| 56-8 22 0 25-27 534-2} 60-3 || 756-6) 61-6
0 30-55 539-7| 56-1 || 777-0} 57-5 | Jan. 27 0 0 28-28 536-5| 60-7 || 764-2) 62-3
0 32 02 532-5} 56-7 || 776-9] 57-8 2 0 29-31 540-3} 60-8 || 757-7| 62-5
0 31-73 540-7| 57-9 || 776-2} 59-0 4 0 26-55 542-1| 60-5 || 756-9} 62-0
0 29-95 538-3} 57-2 || 779-7| 58-6 6 0 26-35 541-5} 60-2 || 753-9] 61-7
0 29-62 536-8| 56-7 || 773-1} 58-2 & 0 25-66 543-4| 62-4 || 747-8| 64-0
0 28-27 537-6| 55-7 || 774-9| 57-0 10 0 25-41 539-5| 63-2 || 746-5) 64-6
0]| 25 29-36 536-4; 49-8 || 778-8| 52-0 18 0|| 25 21-31 538-9| 57-8 || 711-5] 58-7
0 29-08 543-4| 53-0 || 778-9] 55.8 20 0 24-11 539-6 | 57-9 || 744-8) 59-4
0 28-57 534-1] 50-8 || 776-9] 52-9 22. '0 23-95 535-4| 58-2 || 758-4) 60-0
8 30-48 534-6| 52-7 || 775-6| 55-0 | Jan. 28 0 O 32-72 531-3| 58-7 || 758-2) 60-3
0 29-69 539-2! 53-4 || 774-0] 55-3 2 0 29-75 537-2| 58-8 || 755-5| 60-5
0 27-00 540-4] 53-9 || 774-8] 55-5 4 0 29-31 539-9| 58-2 || 765-2! 59-6
0 26-25 541-5| 55-2 || 776-1) 56-7 6 0 26-66 526-5] 56-2 || 859-4] 57-2
0 25-46 540-8| 54-9 || 771-6] 56-5 8 0 20-87 524-2} 55-6 || 842-0] 57-2
0 24-67 539-1] 54-3 || 765-7| 56-0 10 O 20-88 533-1| 58-5 || 805-2} 61-0
0|| 25 25-14 531-1| 42-2 || 733-5] 43-8 | Jan. 29 18 O|| 25 24.48 540-6| 54-3 || 723-1} 55-0
0 24-53 533-2} 42-3 || 740-5] 43-0 20 0 25-34 535-4| 54-8 || 751-6] 56-4
0 23-30 527-3| 41-8 || 746-8) 42-4 22 0 22-94 531-7| 54-6 || 756-6) 55-8
0 25-68 528-6| 42-2 || 751-0} 42-7] Jan. 30 0 O 26-67 533-3| 54-0 || 755-9) 55-4
0 29-65 534-1} 43-0 || 741-2] 43-4 2 0 28-54 532-2| 57-3 || 770-1} 58-9
0 27-13 536-5} 44-0 || 749-2) 44-1 4 0 25-59 542.9] 59-8 || 767-4] 61-5
|e (REMC R eee) < acc sell «ARions ||! cemsien 6 0 24-55 534-9| 58-7 || 767-3} 60-0
0 20-40 535-6| 44-0 || 746-0} 44-2 8 0 24-10 533-4| 56-7 | 772-1) 58-1
0 23-59 533-7| 44-2 || 743-8] 44-5 10 0 22-69 537-1] 58-8 |) 768-4| 61-0
i 18 0] 25 21-29 537-1} 52-1 || 735-1] 51-8 18 0!}| 25 23-39 538-8| 58-3 || 754-3) 60-0
: 20 0 24-30 543-0| 53-7 || 740-7} 53-4 20 0 24-35 535-7| 56-7 || 757-9| 58-4
d 22 0 23-06 537-2| 54-7 || 744-8] 54-9 22 0 24-00 536-0} 56-7 || 762-4] 58-4
24 0 0 26-70 534-3| 56-3 || 743-7] 56-5] Jan. 31 0 O 25-88 530-4} 59-0 || 764-1} 60-6
2 0 28-15 537-2} 56-9 || 741-1] 57-2 2 0 26-79 532-2| 60-9 || 765-8} 62.3
4 0 26-26 539:0| 57-4 || 750-6| 58-2 4 0 25-39 538-3| 61-0 || 764-1) 62-5
i 6 0 24-87 539-9| 57-0 || 750-1} 58-3 6 0 24.48 531-9| 59-0 || 758-8) 60-5
f 8 0 25-14 540-8} 57-7 || 751-8] 59-1 8 0 25-31 536-6| 58-8 || 751-2] 60-0
| 10 0 25-46 542-1} 57-9 || 754-6] 59-5 10 0 24-04 537-8| 59-7 || 753-9} 61-0
| 18 O}| 25 22-43 5342] 55-9 || 741-9] 57-5 18 OQ|| 25 24-03 532-6| 54-7 || 739-5} 56-6
’ 20 O 24-60 535-0] 55-9 || 751-2} 57-8 20 0 24-28 538-2| 56-8 || 764-7) 59-5
22 0 25-43 531-5] 55-7 || 758-9} 57-0 22 0 25-43 534-5] 55-6 || 762-8] 58-0
25 0 0 27-19 532-5| 58-0 || 763-5| 60-7] Feb. 1 0 0 26-94 535-3} 54-5 || 762-0} 56-5
{ 2 0 29-65 536-3] 58-8 || 767-2} 61-1 2 0 27-14 536-3| 54-9 || 7621} 56-5
bel 4 0 28-07 540-9| 59-8 || 775-5| 61-6 4 0 24-74 539-2} 59-5 |] 762-2] 61-3
\ 6 0 26-10 538-9} 58-9 || 771-1| 60-5 6 0 25-41 535-5] 58-0 || 759-9| 59-7
8 0 25-95 539-4| 59-4 || 772-6} 61-2 8 0 24.47 537-2] 58-3 || 759-0} 60-0
k 10 O 25-09 535-3} 59-4 || 768-0] 61-3 10 0 23-95 || 535-9| 57-8 || 757-9| 59-7
if DECLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—Jan. 234 23, 4°; 284 3b, 18°; 304 23h, 18°.
£ BIFILAR. k=0:0001248. BatancE. k=0:000015 approximately.

fey: Jan. 314 64 30™, Declination reading 25° 17”88.

4 DatLy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, FEBRUARY 1—15. 1843.

Gottingen BIFILAR, BALANCE, Gottingen BIFILAR. BaLancr,
Mean Time of DEcLINA- || Mean Time of Decurina- = ||——_——_——_ —
Declination TION. Cor- /Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo: Declination TION, Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- {Ther
Observation. rected, | meter. |/ rected. | meter, Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | met

° ’ Se. Div. Mic. Diy.
25 22-02 || 536-3} 55-2 || 743-6
24-64 || 536-5) 54-7 || 753-4
23-97 || 528-9} 53-0 |) 759-9
28-00 529-4| 56-0 || 753-2
30-79 || 533-0| 54-5 || 754-8
29-51 535-7 | 54-8 || 771-5
29-48 || 530-5] 50-4 || 740-4
25-75 || 537-5| 52-2 || 765-6
25-09 || 535-4! 51-0 || 767-1

26-20 || 532-1] 44-7 || 755-4
26:08 || 539-2} 47-0 || 749.2
24-78 || 532-6) 45-8 || 756-1
28-64 || 535-2} 49-4 || 752.3
30-13 || 534-5] 49-9 |) 761-5
28-72 || 540-2} 53-7 || 757-5
25-54 || 539-7| 52-0 || 764-2
22-27 || 536-5] 52-9 || 767-5
24-77 || 541-1 756-9

24-40 || 536-8 744-8
24-64 48-7 || 754-9
23-46 47-3 || 739-6
26-69 740-4
28-50 737-8
25-78 . 724-2
24-60 : 7278
25-27 ! 739-0
22-69 . 743-7

19-73 721-1
21-04 : 728-7
24-10 : 735:3
28-00 D 733-3
29-98 : 731-6
30-71 751-0
28-94 5 765-4
25-83 o 760-0

8-17 770-0

26-30 728-0
29-88 || 529-9] 45-8 || 697-7
23-97 || 538-1] 46-7 || 724-6
29-51 535-8} 46-0 || 741-8
32-62 || 535-8) 46-0 || 761-1
26:06 || 537-0| 47-2 || 776.4
24.10 || 533-0| 44-7 || 778-1
21-44 || 526-1) 44-9 || 773-0
22-67 || 522-9] 45-2 || 756-9

22-99 || 526-8} 37-2 || 742-5
24.55 || 537-0] 40-1 || 751-3
24-60 || 534-4] 40-6 || 750-0
26-37 || 537-8| 43-7 || 743-3
29-42 || 539-2] 47-4 |) 740-2
27-19 || 538-4] 51-4 || 755-5
21-49 || 539-1] 51-3 || 765-1
24-64 || 541-1] 52-0 || 755-8
21-24 || 538-0} 51-0 || 742-8

Ste Se. Div. ° ||Mie.Div.| ° a.
25 25-02 538-5 ‘ 765-4| 57-5] Feb. 8
24-37 537-8 . 760-4} 56-6

24-64 534-1 : 767-4| 54-8

25-95 || 538-0 : 770-5| 57-5 | Feb.
98.42 538-3 : 762-6| 58-3

25-09 537-7 ‘ 765-5| 57-5

24-82 536-9 3. 771-4| 55-4

25-01 537-6 . 770-1} 54-7

24-60 537-6 : 762-2| 56-3

25-11 536-4 . 758-3 | 49-2
24-60 || 539-1 : 765-8} 51-2
24-67 || 531-8 : 766-8| 51-2
26-99 || 535-3 é 756:8| 52-9 |
27-26 || 540-8 c 751-4| 55-7 |
25-14 538-0 : 754-5| 54-6
25-11 536-4 i 769-1) 51-3
24-27 || 539-3 . 763-8 | 52-7
23-79 || 537-8 p 767-2| 53-0 }

24-53 || 542-0 : 763-5| 46-7
23-03 || 544-5 . 757-2| 50-5
23-46 || 538-9 D 757-8 | 49-2
24-74 || 540-1 D 748-5 | 53-2 |
26-57 || 543-7 : 746-1} 55-5
24-51 545-4 : 749:0| 57-0
23-59 || 544-7 : 753-8 | 53-5
24-47 || 545-7 : 745:5| 56-9
23-64 || 545-0 y 750-1} 56-0

23-50 || 556-6 ‘ 741:8| 43-7
23-83 || 534-9 : 752-2| 42-3
24-00 || 530-7 . 743-0 | 41-5
26:55 || 538-1 . 743-4] 47-8 |
33-34 || 539-0 : 741-3} 53-4
26:96 || 546-6 . 741-0} 55-5
28-54 || 539-5 . 769-1} 51-6
21:04 || 532-1 . 806-8] 54-2 |
44-31 538-7 830-1

23-79 || 536-8 736-6

24-17 || 540.0 . 753-1

22-94 || 543-1 751-1) 51-5
27-85 || 527-7 750-8 | 52.3
32-64 || 533-6 762:4| 56-8
31:06 || 544-5 ' 761-3| 59-0
26-01 540-9 . 776:0| 57-0
24-91 536-3 : 771:7| 56-7
24-33 || 537-2 758-4] 58-3

| Feb.

Feb.

bw cocoocoooccos

_

no
escessoooooo sesocooooocoscos cooeoseoeocoose cowococcoceo coocooco

24-13 || 533-0 754-2| 53-5
24-13 || 541-1 . 755-4| 55-4
25-95 || 534-9 749-4] 54-0
; 29-14 |) 533-9 : 760-0] 56-5 |
30-79 || 536-6 . 761-0] 57-6
26:97 || 540-4 759-1| 59-2
26:03 || 540-7 . 756-2} 59-0
25-29 || 541-3] 59-1 || 747-3} 60-7
23-86 || 537-8) 58-2 || 749-7] 60-0

m.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

DECLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—Feb. 34 10%, 28°; 64 23h, 28°; 134 23h, 28°,
BririzarR. k=0:0001248. BALANCE. k=0:000015 approximately.

Feb. 6419, Observation 1* late.
Feb, 134 18" 22™, The Balance magnet vibrating considerably.

Dainty OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, FEBRUARY 15—Marcu 1. 1843.

_ Gottingen

Mean Time of

_ Declination
_ Observation.

iB.

‘Feb.

21 0

°

25

eceoooooceooo coooscoocooo esooooeosococoeo secescoescsoso esoeeosecocesecoc oscoecseosoco:
bo
or

d. .h.
15 18
20
22
16 0

25

25

25

25

DECLINA-

TION.

24-20
24-40
24-77
27-70
29-31
26-96
27-34
14-06
23-19

24-64
24-53
24-48
26-37
26-70
28-07
28-07
24-94
23-50

23-43
24-25
24-17
26-06
27-80
25-85
26-62
22-11
24-00

22-82
23-56
23-71
25-95
27-60
25-65
23-32
24.47
23-12

22-85
22.87
24-53
29-44
28-68
26-77
24-47
24-53
23-12

23-63
23-07
24-47
29-38
29-55
28-59
25-27
24-91
25-24

Gottingen

DECLINA-

BIFILAR. BALANCE.

= Mean Time of
Cor- /Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo- Declination
rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation.
Se. Div. ce Mie. Div. = ai Mie m. °
530-0} 40-0 || 750-2) 42-6 | Feb. 22 18 0] 25
538-9} 44-9 || 750-1| 47-9 20 0
533-4| 42-4 || 750-2] 45-1 22 0
534-0} 46-1 || 744-3) 48-6] Feb. 23 0 O
543-3} 50-2 || 730-0] 51-8 2 0
544-6| 52-7 || 748-7} 54-0 4 0
542-0} 50-2 || 756-1) 51-5 6 0
543-8| 50-1 || 767-8] 52-3 S 0
537-8| 50-3 || 760-6| 52-7 10 O
533-1] 41-4 || 737-8| 44-0 18 0} 25
541-9} 45-2 || 743-7| 48-5 20 0
541-5| 46-4 || 742-1] 49-7 22 0
539-1] 47-9 || 737-2} 50-1] Feb. 24 0 O
540-7| 53-0 || 742-8] 55-1 2 0
541-1} 54-1 748-9} 55-7 4 0
533-3) 51-8 || 770-2| 53-1 6 0
540-8] 51-0 || 766-6| 53-4 8 0
539-2| 49-4 || 758-4} 51-8 10 0
529-3| 37-9 || 707-1| 41-0 18 0} 25
539-7| 41-3 || 752-8) 44-9 20 O
530-5| 38-0 || 750-8| 41-2 22 0
536-5| 44-5 || 741-6| 47-5] Feb. 25 0 0
541-7) 48-8 || 733-3| 50-1 2 0
542-9| 52-1 || 737-3| 52-8 4 0
539-3| 51-9 || 745-0} 52-5 6 0
540-8} 52-0 || 752-6) 53-5 8 0
540-8] 51-1 746-8| 53-0 10 O
530-1| 38-1 || 730:3| 39-5 | Feb. 26 18 0|| 25
541-3} 43-0 || 734:2| 44-7 20 0
536-4] 43-1 || 739-3] 44-4 22 0
535-4| 47-0 | 732-4) 48-5 | Feb. 27 0 0
535-7| 49-2 || 736-2| 50-7 2 0
541-0} 50-1 745-4| 51-6 4 0
530-9| 46-6 || 770-7| 48-5 6 6
539-4| 47-4 || 758-9) 49.5 8 0
540-7| 49-7 || 741-8| 50-3 10 0
535-6| 45-9 || 741-2} 48-2 18 0O|| 25
538-4| 48-2 || 740-6| 50-0 20 0
531-3| 46-8 || 740-2) 48-5 22 0
531-9] 47-7 || 734-0! 49-4] Feb. 28 0 O
536-2} 50-0 || 737-3) 51-8 2 0
541-0} 52-7 || 746-2) 545 4 0
541-2] 51-7 || 745-8) 53-4 6 0
541-0} 52-1 || 743-5) 53-6 8 0
536-4] 51-9 || 741-7| 53-3 10 0
537-3| 49-5 || 740-1] 51-3 18 0} 25
538-0} 51-9 || 742-0| 54-0 20 O
531-7| 50-2 |) 739-7} 51-9 22 0
533-1] 52-2 || 727-4) 54:0|Mar. 1 0 0
538-8] 53-0 || 733-7| 54-7 2 0
536-8| 52-8 || 747-0] 54-5 4 0
538-4| 51-4 || 749-4| 53-0 6 0
542-5] 51-6 |) 749-5| 53-4 8 0
538-7| 51-3 || 748-2} 53- 10 O

TION.

5
BIFILAR. BALANCE.

Cor- |Thermo-|) Cor- |Thermo
rected. | meter. || rected. | meter
Se. Div. iS Mice. Div. q
535-3| 47-3 || 742-0} 50-2
539-8} 50-2 || 744-2) 52-0
535-3| 49-4 || 740-6) 51-0
535-0| 49-6 || 741-5] 51-3
540-1} 51-7 || 735-0) 53-0
540:6| 51-7 || 743-8) 53-1
543-2; 50-8 || 744-3] 52-5
540-1] 50-3 || 750-5} 52-0
538-3} 50-5 || 747-9} 51-9
544-1] 50-8 || 725-2] 52-2
543-9} 50-8 || 723-0} 52-1
528-7| 49-7 || 725-8) 51-2
539-1) 50-7 | 727-8) 52-2
538-6} 51-1 || 735-9} 52-5
535-2| 51-7 || 794-1} 53-0
528-9) 52-0 | 878-6) 53-4
523-5| 52-9 || 887-8| 54-6
527-0} 52-7 || 783-2) 54-2
539-2| 53-4 || 701-2) 55-8
534-5) 53-8 | 734-2| 55-8
529-3| 53-0 || 743-4) 55-0
528-2} 52-9 || 745-9} 54-9
535-7} 53-1 || 748-6| 54-9
536-9) 52-4 || 748-5| 54.0
534-5} 51-3 || 750-1} 53-0
536-1] 52-2 | 742-8] 53-8
544-3] 53-0 || 743-2) 54-7
536-6| 42-7 || 745-5| 44-6
536-4] 43-6 || 741-2) 45-5
533-7| 44-2 || 742-5| 46.0
536-5| 47-0 || 742-1) 48-5
542-0} 49-5 || 750-3| 50-7
542-7| 51-7 || 745-5) 53-0
539-7| 50-2 || 739-0} 51-3
538-7| 48-9 || 749-1} 50-5
537-0} 48-9 || 749-9} 50-6
535-0} 43-9 || 745-7) 46-0
539-5| 46-8 || 742-1| 48-8
532-6| 45-8 || 740-0] 47-5
533-9| 46-7 || 729-2} 48-1
544-3} 49-8 || 734-0) 51-0
540-7} 51-3 || 742-3|) 52-3
538-0} 50-3 || 739-0) 51-3
540-1] 50-1 || 739-7) 51-3
539-0} 49-3 || 739-0} 50-7
538-8| 44-6 || 745-7| 46-7
538-2| 44-6 || 739-1} 46-9
534-4| 44-2 || 735-9} 46-5
533-6] 45-7 || 731-9] 47-5
540-1} 51-2 || 731-7) 52-5
538-0} 52-1 || 731-3} 53-2
537-5| 51-0 || 734-7| 52-0
539-6} 49-1 | 736-6} 50-5
538-8] 49-2 || 734-8] 50-8

DECLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—Feb. 204 235, 28°; 274 23h, 28°,
k=0'0001248.

BIFILAR,

MAG. AND MET. ops. 1843.

BALANCE.

k=0-000015 approximately.

6 DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, Marcu 1—15. 1843.

Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE, ©
Mean time of DECLINA- Mean Time of DEcLINAa- ||
Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo: Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-] Cor-
Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. |} rected.

oer Se. Div. ° Mie. Diy.
25 23-70 |) 533-7] 47-3 | 754-9
22-90 || 533-4] 46-8 | 756-6
24-01 525-9] 45-8 || 757-9
28-20 || 530-0| 47-7 || 746-6
28-25 : 52-2 | 726-8
26-62 : 54:8 || 724-7
25-73 . 53-9 || 750-3
25-92 . 53-6 || 760-5
24-17 . 54-0 || 736-5

23-30 ’ 50-1 || 742-2
23-32 . 50-4 || 744-4
23-46 : 49-4 || 735-7
27-33 . . 725-4
28-17 . 732-1
26-03 : . 723-2
24-13 : : 733-0
24-74 : . 733-3
23-07 | 736-6

22-92 . p 725-9
22-85 . . 730-0
23-86 : E 725-5
26-89 : 716-4
29-76 . u 711-9
29-66 . H 717-9
27-88 : D 725-0
21-81 : H 725-4
17-69 : 9 735-5

22-25 . E 699-5
29-06 . i 721-1
25-99 : 726-5
28-27 ; . 734-9
29-58 . : 731-5
31-23 : ' 740-0
26-94 - ‘| 760-0
21-81 : . 739-4
23-77 . 734-3

21-51 . ‘9 || 695-7
23-41 27- ‘7 || 710-4
24.01 . ‘9 | 733-8
25-58 : 0 | 734-3
28-77 . ‘8 | 714-6
26:73 34. "2 |) 724-4
23-86 . ‘7 | 745-3
22.25 . ‘8 | 724-6
21-73 . ‘1 | 723-6

22-72 D 4 || 730-4
22-02 : 5 740-2
21-15 : 4 735-5
24-48 : ‘4 || 723-0
27-49 : : 712-6
24-80 : 4 707-5
23-03 . ‘7 || 703-9
23-29 : “1 || 717-0
23-46 : Ei 714-0

‘ Se. Div. 3 Mie. Div.
22-67 || 540-9] 44-9 || 741-7 -3 | Mar.
23-26 || 541-5] 45-9 || 736-2
23-73 || 534-6] 44-8 || 742-0
27-94 || 532-5] 47-7 || 729-7 5 | Mar.
27-96 || 536-8| 48-2 || 735-3 o

26-01 543-2| 50-9 || 739-7
24-60 || 540-1} 50-8 || 738-0
24-47 || 541-1} 50-2 || 736-7
24-20 |) 541-0} 50-1 || 735-9

24-47 || 540-1) 46-7 || 742-2
23-93 || 540-5] 47-0 || 735-2
23-26 || 535-9) 46.3 || 742-6
24:96 || 534-3) 49.0 || 735-6
27-71 540-9} 52-9 || 731-0
27-43 || 543-2} 54-9 || 727-6
25-78 || 540-6] 53-6 || 727-9
23-54 || 540-3] 51-8 || 728-3
23-21 537-8} 50-2 || 735-4

23-23 || 534-6] 43-0 || 706-7
23-56 || 539-7| 43-6 |) 738-4
23-04 || 537-9) 44-1 || 740-2
26-48 || 535-9] 47-2 || 717-4 -6 | Mar. 11
29-58 || 543-0] 51-0 || 702-7
28-70 || 544-5] 53-8 || 712-2
27-24 || 545-7) 54-6 || 718-9
27-24 || 539-0| 53-4 || 747-0
19-81 534-8] 52-0 || 755-4

22-96 || 528-4) 45-6 || 729-4
30-37 || 537-3) 45-8 || 712-2
24-84 || 531-0} 46-1 || 725-3
29-19 || 533-6) 49-8 || 718-7
29-88 || 543-1] 52-5 || 719-4
27-26 || 545-5] 56-0 || 720-6
28-10 || 535-1) 56-1 | 740-6
25-75 || 542-3) 56-7 || 760-4
15-23 || 536-4 726-1

Mar.

Mar.

17-61 525-4 661-6
25-90 || 530-5] 56-0 || 705-4
24-22 || 527-7) 56-4 || 721-1
30-05 || 521-5] 57-6 || 739-7
31-33 || 536-4) 58-2 || 759-5
39-46 || 547-4| 58-3 || 803-5
29-80 || 546-8| 57-6 || 887-8
32-40 || 513-5] 55-5 1028-2
25:83 || 528-6] 54-8 || 8123-1

22-92 || 530-2) 46-2 || 761-4
23-73 || 527-7) 45-9 | 764-4
523-9| 45-6 | 759-4
521-7| 48-7 || 744-0
532-7} 52-6 || 728-6
541-2| 56-0 || 723-9
538-6| 57-6 || 719-2
538-5] 56-6 || 727-2
535:8| 54-2 || 736-4

m.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

DECLINATION. ‘Torsion removed, circle reading,—March 104 3h, 36°; 134 23h, 38°.
Birizar. k=0:0001248, BaLancE. k=—0:000015 approximately.

>

~F

DAILy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, Marcu 15—29. 1843.

Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. Gottingen BIFiLar. BALANCE.
Mean Time of DECLINA- Mean Time of DeEc.Lina-
‘Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo-| Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|} Cor- |Thermo-|
Observation. rected. | meter. |} rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter, || rected. | meter.
Mea bh mi ° + Se.Div.| ° Mic.Div.} —° wer mm||| te. Sc.Diy.| ° |lMic.Diy.| ©
r 15 18 O}| 25 22-18 526-5| 45-1 |) 707-2} 46-5 18 O}] 25 23-14 543-1] 53-3 | 682-0] 53-8
20 0 20-95 526-7 |. 43-7 || 710-1} 45-1 20 0 24-60 544:3| 53-0 | 690-0] 53-2
2 22 0 21-01 520-3} 43-0 || 709-4] 44.4 22.0 24-04 530-6} 52-2 |) 690-8} 52-5
r160 0 26-42 523-1] 43-2 || 705-5] 44-2 | Mar. 23 0 O 28-07 531-3} 52-3 || 689-3] 52.5
2 0 28-50 534.4| 43-5 || 709-3] 44.4 2 0 31-83 533-2} 53-2 | 695-9] 53.4
i 4 0 25-43 541-8} 43-7 | 719-1] 44-3 4 0 29-01 540-5} 54-4 || 701-0} 54.2
a 6 0 24-04 531-9] 43-6 || 731-5] 44-1 6 0 24-87 535-6} 54-2 || 724-6] 54-5
Ww 8 0 21-84 534.2| 43-5 || 730-1} 44-0 8 0 23-43 539-3} 54-3 || 717-9) 54-3
} 10 0 19-83 531-5| 43-4 || 730-3] 44-0 10 0 24-10 536-9] 53-7 || 702-6] 54-0
Be 18 0O|| 25 21-68 535-5| 44-7 || 715-1] 44-9 18 0] 25 23-97 531-6} 46-8 || 689-3] 47-7
20 0 20-03 532-0| 44-9 || 720-1] 45-0 20 O 22-96 531-4] 46-2 || 705-1} 47-0
a 22 0 20-57 521-0] 45-1 || 720-8} 45-2 22 0 21-98 527-2} 46-0 || 711-2] 46-6
far. 17 0 0 26-39 520-8| 45-5 || 701-1] 45-5 | Mar. 24 0 0 27-87 521-3] 46-3 || 707-5] 46-7
oA 2 0 27-85 531-9] 46-2 || 708-4] 46-0 a 0 30-27 529-0} 46-8 || 703-2! 47-0
i ’ 4 0 27-26 538-7| 46-9 || 717-6} 46-6 4 0 27-36 540-4] 46-7 || 702-7) 46-9
lad 6 0 26-99 537-6| 47-2 || 722-6} 47-0 6 0 24-00 538-0} 46-1 || 704:5| 46-4
V4 8 0 25-81 536 7| 47-0 || 750-6} 46-9 8 0 23-93 536-4] 45-8 || 702:8| 46-0
i , 10 0 21-24 536-0| 46-8 || 746-2) 46-8 10 0 23-86 537-0| 45-3 || 703-5] 45-6
18 0O}| 25 24.17 536-6| 45-8 || 702-8] 46-0 18 0} 25 23-26 536-6} 44-5 || 698-9] 44.8
20 0 23-26 535-3} 45-5 || 710-2] 45-9 20 0 22-58 538-7] 44-3 || 702-5] 44.7
22 0 23-39 527-3| 45-8 || 709-3] 45-9 22 0 21-19 532-2} 44-3 || 703-0) 44-6
ar. 18 O O 31-14 527-1| 47-2 || 701-.9| 47-0 | Mar.25 0 0 26-59 529-5| 45-2 | 694-7] 45-2
, 2 0 34:26 539-3] 50-0 || 701-2] 49-1 2 0 29-80 535-0} 47-2 || 684-6] 46-5
4 0 35-47 535-8] 53-0 | 733-2| 51-7 4 0 27-85 540-4} 48-1 || 693-7) 47-3
6 0 13-91 559-9] 53-7 || 780-0| 52-5 6 0 24-60 541-2} 47-9 || 699-4! 47-0
8 0 24-82 535-5] 53-0 || 748-3] 52-3 8 0 23-70 539-6} 46-7 || 696-8| 46-1
10 0 23-39 529-8] 51-3 || 737-0] 51-2 10 0 23-66 539-2| 44-8 || 701-6} 45-0
.19 18 O|| 25 24.28 532-8] 44-7 || 704.2] 45-2 | Mar. 26 18 0|| 25 22-11 538-7] 37-2 || 686-4] 38.0
20 0 22:79 533-0] 44-2 || 702-8] 44-8 20 O 21-76 537-6| 36-7 || 692-9] 37-5
22 0 23-79 527-4| 44-4 || 701-8} 44-9 22 0 22-33 527-6} 36-6 || 694-1} 37-3
r.20 0 0 29-46 528-6| 46-0 || 697-6| 46-0 |] Mar. 27 0 0 28-39 523-7| 36-8 || 691-0} 37-5
‘ 2 0 33-34 531:5| 48-0 || 700-7| 47-4 2 0 30-12 533-4| 37-0 | 686-3) 37-5
i 4 0 31-12 539-8] 48-1 || 711-8] 47-6 4 0 26-72 536-9} 37-1 || 699-9} 37-7
6 0 25-41 540-2| 47-7 || 721-8} 47-3 6 0 24-69 538-6} 37-0 || 698-4| 37-5
J 8 0 22.47 541-4] 46-6 || 717-8| 46-0 tO) 24-01 541-9| 36-7 || 692-7| 37-1
7 0 19-15 531-9 712-6| 46-0 0 23-86 540-2| 36-1 || 693-3
0 || 25 22-65 536-2 699.7| 44-2 0 || 25 21-79 539-3| 35-4 || 686-5
0 23-73 533-5 698-1] 43-8 0 20-32 538-1| 35-4 || 689-9
j 0 24-00 525-4 701-6| 44:5 0 21-76 530-2} 35-9 || 685-7
var. 21 0 25-88 528-8 697-3] 46-0 | Mar. 28 0 26-06 528-8| 37-9 || 678-5
4 30-45 531-6 688-4] 47-9 0 29-44 536-2| 40-0 || 681-7
0 28-74 536-7 700-3| 49-2 0 25-21 539-6| 42-3 || 687-2
0 27-29 543-5 710-2| 50-0 0 23-10 542-7| 43-4 || 687-0
0 24.58 545-6 711-4 : 0 22-99 542-1} 42-7 || 682-6
0 24-22 536-2 707-3| 50-4 0 23-12 543-6} 40-9 || 685-0
0 || 25 23-32 542-4 690-2} 48-0 0|| 25 22-27 537-5| 35-0 || 677-6
0 22-72 536:7 694.7| 47-8 0 19-22 539-7} 34-1 || 676-3
0 22.23 532-5 694:0| 47-7 0 19-42 533-0} 34-1 || 679-1
r. 22 0 30-43 527-0 688.4| 48-4 | Mar. 29 0 24-20 531-8| 37-2 || 661-6
' 0 35-67 548-3 685-8| 50-7 0 31-03 530-1} 41-2 || 666-5
ta 0 32-28 542-9 714-5) 53-4 0 32-22 529-4| 45-] || 703-4
ba 0 25-96 547-3 743-3 . 0 27-38 544.4} 48-1 || 725.3
0 26-22 539-7 723-6 . 0 19.42 538:4| 47-8 || 747-5
| 1 0 20-87 548-0 724-4) 56-0 0 6-44 550-5| 46-7-|| 678-9

DecLinaTION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—March 174 3h, 26°; 204 23h, 21°.

BiFinaR. 4=0°0001248.

BaLancE, k=0:000015 approximately.

March 164. The use of the copper stove was discontinued after this during the Daily Observations.
The floor of the Observatory being washed.

March 294 0,

8 DaAILy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, Marcu 29— Aprit 12. 1843.

Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. Gottingen BIFiLaR.
Mean Time of DECLINA- Mean Time of DEcLINa- |———_~——__
Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo- Declination TION, Cor- |Thermo-
Observation. rected, | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected.

’ Se. Div. | Mie. Div. a
21-93 || 528-0 : 662-5 1
21-31 || 526-3] 38- 669-4 . 2

2

Se. Div.
515-4
519-2
504-6
521-1
533-5
555-1
543-4
540-3
521-8

527-6
530-1
521-6
518-5
527-0
537-7
538-8
538-7
536-4

544-5
528-6
522-7
524-1
528-4
542-9
561-0
543-2
536-7

530-5
528-5
522-0
520-9
529-1
533-9
539-7
540-2
539-3

Mar. 26

20-54 || 518-7
24-77 || 521-8
28:55 |) 531-8
27-76 || 538-5
24-67 || 536-0
19-33 542-3
21:37 |) 538-6

21-41 540.5
20-67 || 533-7
20-23 525-1
25-41 527-1
29-15 536-0
26-77 || 545-3
24-80 |) 542-1
23-79 || 541-1
23-93 || 539-3

22-99 || 539-5
21-35 || 537-2
22-58 525-9
28-18 525-3
32-40 540-4
28-55 543-3
25-19 || 546-3
24-00 || 541-5
23-93 || 539-3

19-93 543-9
20-55 535:3
22-85 525-5
30-34 || 527-9
35-77 || 532-2
29:95 || 535-8
26-62 || 543-6
25:02 || 542-5
20-77 || 528-1

—
mn CMDMANS

bo
i)

to
DAAORNOW

24-10 || 534-7
22-69 || 532-2
23-27 523-9
29-85 521-8
34-09 || 533-4
29:58 || 538-2
25-95
24.53
21-91

20-77
21-49
23-93
28-42
36-06
34-55
23-56
16-57
20-47 38: D Ki 50-0

532-4
528-9
518-9
526-6
536-0
539-3
547-2
527-4
535-4

538:3
533-9
521-5
527-6
542-5
559-5
534-4
537-0
542.2

™.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

DECLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—March 314 3, 14°; April 34 23h, 18°; 104 23h, 29°,
Birinar. k=0-0001248, BAvance, k=0:000015 approximately.

April 34, Workmen making and laying carpets in the Observatory, at intervals, since March 294,

=
Gottingen
Mean Time of

DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, APRIL 12—26. 1843.

DECLINA-

_ Declination TION.

x

"

_ Observation.

BIFILAR.

BALANCE,

Thermo-
meter.

Cor-
rected.

‘Thermo:
meter.

«
—
on

™.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

58-7

Mie. Div.

637-9
669-5
691-6
685-2
680-5
703-8
719-9
696-9
666-9

677-2
638-0
671-4
669-3
663-5
677-4
727°3
730-8
646-0

670-1
671-4
692-4
680-4
685-3
708-9
722-7
710-6
704-9

684-3
693-7
688-7
666-9
660-5
664-1
680-8
680-1
677-9

646-8
665-0
676-3
670-3
670-7
677-3
739-6
731-9
716-8

681-2
693-3
689-3
684.1
674-4

| 678-3

703-2
684-7
683-9

Gottingen
Mean Time of
Declination
Observation.

DEcLINA-
TION.

BIFILaR.

BALANCE.

Cor-
rected.

Thermo-
meter.

Cor-
rected.

Thermo-
meter.

a.
Apr. 19

Apr. 20

10

1

Se. Div.
533-9
538-5
530-6
527-4
534-2

Mice. Diy.

677-7
675-7
680-4
684-3
669.7

54:5

DECLINATION,

Birizar. k=0:0001248.

BALANCE.

Torsion removed, circle reading,—April 174 231, 264°; 244 23h, 32°.
k=0-000015 approximately.

April 181 2, Declination observation not made in order to make observations of the magnetic dip in various azimuths.

. AND MET. ozs. 1843.

10 DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, APRIL 26—May 10. 1843.

Gottingen Brriuar. BALANCE. Géttingen BIFizar.
Mean Time of DECLINA- Mean Time of DeEcLiNna-_ || ——_——_—_ ~
Declination TION. Cor- |fhermo-|| Cor- |Thermo: Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor-
Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected.

= ¢ | Se. Div. Mie. Div. a dad. h.

25 19-67 -9 675-2 | 42-6 | May 3 18
17-99 | 533- -5 677-1 | 42.3 20
22-13 a : 673-4 | 43-0 22
30-12 : ‘0 || 646-1 | 45-5 | May 4
30-07 || 538- *8 || 646-0
25-92 671-1
22-79 || 688-3
22-58 . ‘5 | 683-6
23-26 || : -0 | 676-8

17.83 | 541- ‘8 | 675-5
18-95 ; -2 || 672-0
22.85 E 2 || 665-5
27-43 . 9 | 661-1
29.85 : 8 || 664-4
25-86 : 3 | 672-7
22.58 | 507: 0 | 682-2
29.18 | 504. 1 | 684-4
21-21 3 671-1

19-76 . ‘8 || 680-7
18-21 \ 2-6 | 672-5
21-48 : -8 | 661-1
20-70 : 8 || 653-4
29-95 . -2 || 654-8
27-20 ||
24-17
23-27
22-74

19-65
18-82
22-06 |
28:27 ||
29-36
25:38
23-46 ||
22-42

Se. Div. = Mie. Div.
499-4| 50-3 || 673-6
497-5| 49-9 || 667-1
491-5| 50-9 || 668-3
493-1 . 644-3
509-8 639-1
502-6 D 651-8
511-6 : 664-6
511-6 9- 676-7
507-7 cl 665-2

496-7 cl 669-7
493-3 : 666-9
485-6 . 671-3
490-0 : 651-5
500-0 . 658-2
505-8 , 669-0
516-2 : 672-2
512-6 . 673-7
508-6 . 663-1

496-5 : 676-8
494-6 : 679-1
493-1 : 657-8
497-7 : 645-0
508-6 : 640-8
517-8 . 641-1
516-6 ‘9 || 660-2
518-0 . 701-7
422.7 . 400-2

464-3 : 636-1
478-9 : 665-3
461-6 : 692-9
481-8 : 693-0
484-6 685-5
489-5 : 692-0
498-5 684.0
509-9 . 678-4
499-2 . 674-6

a, h.
Apr. 26 18
20
22
Apr. 27

481-7 604-4
645-7
673-7
660-8
657-1
688-6
695-0
716-6
627-0

654-9
643-0
659-0
660-7
664-3
696-9
705-6 |
708-6
680-4

m.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

DECLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—May 14 23%, 36°; 64 5, 150°t ; 104 3%, 155°.
Birinar. k=0-0001205.* BaLance. k=0-:000015 approximately.

* April 274 2h—6h. Bifilar magnet adjusted.
* April 284 0h—2h,_ Bitilar magnet again adjusted.
May 24. Several observations of the Deglination not made for the same reason as on April 184, ot -
t May 64 4b. Observations made for the zero of the Declination scale when a fibre of the suspension-thread was broken. The torsion was ultimately eliminated
: _ 7 ae Seo excessive magnetic disturbance, during which the torsion circle of the Bifilar Magnetometer was turned from 287° 44 to 291° 45’; it
eft reading 287 °
May 94. The Bifilar magnet has been moving irregularly throughout the day; the reading has often been as high as 512 Se. Diy.

Rie
& DarILy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, MAy 10—24. 1843. 11

_ Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE.
Mean Time of DECLINA- | Mean Time of DECLINA-
Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-| Cor- |Thermo: Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-| Cor- |Thermo
eration. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected, | meter. || rected. | meter.
x Fite mn. ow Se. Div. Q Mic. Div. ° an im: or ja | Se. Div ° || Mie. Div. 2
Ma iy 10 18 0] 25 22-96 || 488-2] 46-9 || 668-3] 47-2 | May 17 18 0] 25 21-71 | 493-9| 45-0 | 655-5) 45-5
bal , 20 0 24.50 | 486-:0| 46-6 || 666-5] 46-9 20 0 20-16 || 493-3} 44-8 | 661-7| 45-2
tb 22 0 25-27 || 484-4} 47-3 || 670-7| 47-6 22° 0 21-62 | 485-6| 45-8 || 652-5} 46-0
M ay 11 O O 22-80 | 486-9| 49-9 || 659-2} 49-0 May 18/"8" 0 26-48 || 494-8| 47-4 | 641-6] 47-0
ey, + 2 0 27-36 || 503-1| 53-9 || 664-1] 52-4 2 0 30-03 || 498-9| 48-8 | 654-6| 48-0
ba 0 25-46 | 504:0) 57-6 || 675-4] 55-5 4 0 26-94 | 503-8} 49-9 || 660-2| 49-0
ber 0 23-76 || 509-5) 59-7 || 679-8| 57-4 6 0 24.74 | 512-6] 50-1 || 677-3] 49-3
a 0 26-79 | 512-3] 59-8 || 675-0] 58-0 oF 0 22.67 || 513-4) 50-4 || 686-1] 49-5
k' 0 20-74 || 499-9} 58-1 || 675-3] 56-8 10 0 24-13 || 507-4] 49-6 || 671-9} 48-9
hy 0] 25 20-00 || 490-4} 49-3 || 675-1] 49-9 18 0] 25 22-08 | 497-2| 42-7 || 672-5} 43-5
0 17-27 || 489-2] 49-2 || 683-8] 49-5 20 0 20-43 || 497-3| 43-0 || 685-7| 43-9
0 23-21 || 481-1] 50-7 || 676-4] 50-5 22 0 21-96 || 490-0] 44-8 || 671-5} 45-0
0 28-00 || 482-6] 52-8 | 670-1] 52-0] May 19 0 O 26-89 | 491-0} 47-6 || 649-9} 46-9
0 29-95 || 504-1] 54-6 || 671-3] 53-6 2 0 29-75 || 498-9) 49-8 || 656-5] 48-6
0 27-88 || 501-6] 55-5 || 679-5] 54-5 4 0 26-19 | 506-4| 51-6 || 668-7} 50-0
0 26-50 || 507-1) 55-7 || 686-2] 54-9 6 0 24-72 || 510-1} 52-0 || 673-8} 50-6
0 26-55 || 505-6| 55-2 || 682-6| 54-5 8 0 22-36 || 510-5| 52-0 | 670-7| 50-6
0 25-65 || 502-6| 54-7 || 682-7} 54-2 10 0 23-32 || 506-7| 50-3 || 663-9} 49-5
0} 25 21-15 | 503-2} 52-9 | 649-5| 52-7 18 0] 25 20-00 || 498-9} 46-0 | 674-3) 46-4
0 20-77 || 494-0} 53-0 || 662-0} 52-9 20 0 17-07 || 496-9| 46-8 || 684-9| 46-9
0 22-33 || 490-2| 53-8 || 672-2] 53-2 22) 0 21-21 || 486-8| 47-3 | 678-6) 47-2
0 26-35 || 488-2] 55-3 || 672-4) 54-7] May 20 0 0 27-22 | 486-1) 49-0 || 653-2) 48-5
0 27-13 | 493-4] 56-3 || 665-3] 55-6 2 0 28-17 || 494-6| 51-8 || 655-8} 50-4
0 26-50 || 496-4| 57-2 || 673-2} 56-4 4 0 25-98 || 504-7| 54-5 | 667-0) 52-5
0 24-82 || 504-9] 56-9 || 683-1] 56-3 6 0 24-18 || 514:5| 55-6 || 674-5] 53-7
0 24-25 || 505-5] 56-0 || 694-3] 55-6 8 0 22-45 || 508-1] 54-9 | 671-7} 53-5
0 24-53 || 501-0} 55-0 || 682-4} 55-0 10 0 23-29 || 507-1| 52-8 || 664-4) 52.0
0}; 25 22-05 || 501-4} 52-0 || 666-9] 52-1 May 2118 0] 25 20-57 || 500-1) 46-8 | 671-3| 46-8
0 19-70 || 497-9} 51-8 || 667-9} 51-8 20 0 19-63 || 495-2| 46-7 || 673-4| 46-7
0 20-57 || 487-8] 52-0 || 668-2] 52-0 22 0 21-37 || 494-9) 46-8 || 649-3} 46-8
0 26-69 | 486:7| 52-6 || 642-4] 52-4 May 22 0 0 24-92 | 497-7) 47-0 639-6 | 47-0
0 32-97 | 501-4] 52-6 || 639-2} 52-4 2 0 26-59 || 507-5| 47-8 | 645-3) 47-5
0 31-90 || 523-1] 52-3 || 644-5] 52-0 4 0 26-94 || 510-0} 48-1 | 655-0| 47-8
0 28-67 || 519-1} 52-0 || 665-9) 51-6 6 0 25-25 || 512-8] 48-3 || 666-8| 48-0
0 23-91 || 523-9] 51-2 || 701-2} 51-0 SY 0 24-85 || 517-2| 48-2 || 664-1| 48-0
0 22-58 || 497-2] 50-7 || 737-2] 50-9 10 0 24-47 || 512:5| 47-7 | 662-6) 47-6
af 18 0} 25 26-99 || 506-2) 48-3 || 646-0) 48-5 18 0O|| 25 17-62 | 500-9| 46-9 | 654-5) 47-0
20 0 22-52 | 488-5] 48-2 || 651-9| 48-2 20 0 19-07 || 491-5) 46-9 | 657-2} 47-0
ied 22 0 25-72 || 480-3| 48-3 || 667-3] 48-3 22 0 20-63 || 489-0] 47-6 | 645-9) 47-4
y1600 28-15 || 479-2| 48-8 || 667-4| 48-8 |May 23 0 0 25-34 || 492-9] 48-1 | 634-9| 47-8
y 2 0 31-30 || 493-8} 49-0 || 663-9| 48-9 2 0 26-97 || 504-1| 48-9 || 645-4) 48-4
4 0 24-96 || 499-7] 49-0 || 710-9] 48-8 4 0 25-07 || 508-6| 49-0 | 661-3) 48-5
6 0 26-42 | 512-0) 48-8 || 705-3} 48-6 6 0 22-35 || 512-9] 49-0 | 675-6| 48-6
8 0 25-07 || 508-2} 48-6 || 693-0) 48-4 8 0 22.92 | 511-9) 48-9 | 667-0] 48-6
10 0 22-45 || 513-0] 48-0 || 684-0} 48-0 10 O 23-93 | 511-5| 48-8 || 662-7| 48-5
18 0] 25 21-26 | 491-9] 46-0 || 667-7| 46.2 18 0] 25 18-41 | 504-0! 48.0 | 658-9} 48-0
20 0 20-57 || 493-8] 46-8 || 678-7] 46-8 20 0 18-45 | 496-5] 48-0 | 660-2} 48-0
22 0 21-73 | 490-0| 47-3 || 675-4] 47-1 22 0 22-53 || 484-8) 48-3 | 655-9] 48-2
y17 00 25-78 || 487-5| 48-4 || 659-4} 48-0 May 24 0 0 29-91 || 486-8| 48-8 | 639-1) 48-5
2 0 27-80 || 500-0} 49-9 || 655-5| 49-0 2 0 31-46 || 496-9| 49-0 | 638-9] 48-8
4 0 22-79 || 509-1| 50-8 || 689-2) 49.8 4 0 27-38 | 504-8| 49-9 || 665-6] 49-5
6 0 24-55 || 516-6} 50-8 || 684-4| 49-8 6 10 22-58 || 514-0] 50-1 || 671-6} 49-5
8 0 24-57 | 513-1| 49-7 || 678-7| 49-2 8 0 22-67 | 515-0} 49-8 || 669-1} 49-3
10 0 23-54 || 500-3} 48-4 || 673-5| 48-3 10 0 23-07 | 512-1} 48-9 || 661-1} 48-6

DECLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—May 124 234, 173°; 154 23h, 198°; 194 3h, 203°.
Birizar. k=0-0001205. BALANCE. k=0-000015 approximately.

| okie

12

Gottingen

Mean Time of

Declination

Observation.

a.
May 24

May 25

May 26

May 27

May 28

May 29

May 30

May 31

h.

18
20
2

2
0
2
4
6

8
10

18
20
22

2

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0)
0

DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, May 24—June 7. 1843.

BIFILAR. BALANCE.
DECLINA-

TION. | Cor- |Thermo-|) Cor- |/Thermo-
| rected. | meter. || rected. | meter.

che | Se. Div. 3 Mic. Div. °
25 18-97 || 503-9| 47-3 || 667-9| 47-5
18-52 || 497-3| 47-6 || 677-6| 47-5
21-71 || 490-8} 48-3 || 661-1| 48-0
29-33 || 488-8| 49-8 || 625-1 49-2
33-54 || 499-8] 50-8 || 622-4) 50-0
29-89 || 507-6| 51-1 || 649-7| 50-4
24-60 || 511-4] 51-1 || 676-8| 50-5
23-79 || 510-8| 51-3 || 670-9] 50-7
24-17 || 511-5| 51-0 || 664-7| 50-5
25 19-80 || 504-7| 49-1 || 665-2) 48-9
19-39 || 500-8| 50-3 || 663-3] 49-8
20-54 || 491-3] 52.0 || 652-0} 51-1
29-36 || 496-0| 54-2 || 632-8] 53-0
33-94 || 503-4| 56-3 || 619-5| 55-2
28-54 || 513-5| 57-7 || 635-4) 56-5
25-95 || 517-7| 58-4 |) 655-2] 57-1
22-45 || 515-0| 57-3 || 676-6| 56-5
17-61 || 473-2| 55-9 || 578-3) 55-5
25 17-04 || 504-3} 54-4 || 649-9] 54-4
16-41 || 490-8| 53-8 | 661-1| 54-0
20-67 || 478-5| 53-8 || 656-5| 54-0
27-76 || 489-1] 54-9 || 641-3| 54-9
29-98 | 504-5| 55-3 || 644-8) 55-4
27-43 || 514-8] 55-7 || 663-4] 55-5
23-91 514-5| 56-6 || 670-2| 56-2
22-65 || 514-1| 56-3 || 671-8) 56-0
21-96 || 508-8| 55-7 |) 671-4] 59-8
25 19-22 || 503-1] 45-8 || 663-5| 46-4
18-21 || 495-5} 46-1 || 678-9| 46-5
19-47 || 489-5| ~46-9 || 659-2| 47-0
26-62 || 495-4| 49-6 | 632-6] 49-0
30-99 || 525-2| 52-7 || 619-0] 51-5
33-38 || 516-9] 54-0 || 642-1) 52-7
27-96 || 522-6] 53-9 || 660-6] 53-0
24-24 || 523-9] 53-7 || 677-2| 52-9
24-72 || 510-2| 52-7 || 667-2| 52-1
25 28-67 || 509-6| 46-8 || 615-9| 47-2
24-53 || 493-3| 46-8 || 646-0) 47-2
21-35 || 487-7| 48-0 || 651-1] 48-0
27-02 || 492-3| 50-0 || 642-1| 49-5
30-51 501-8| 53-7 || 643-1) 52-4
29.31 509-6| 55-8 || 653-9| 54-2
25-52 || 512-3) 55-0 || 674-0| 54-0
24-47 || 513-3| 54-0 || 674-9) 53-3
24.67 || 507-8| 52-7 || 667-3) 52-5
25 21-14 || 499-7] 48-8 || 662-8] 49-0
20-63 || 496-5] 48-2 || 669-3| 48-5
22.36 || 486-1| 48-0 || 654-8] 48-4
26-79 || 491-3] 48-4 || 632-7) 48-5
30-90 || 506-3| 48-9 || 649-4| 49-8

28-94 || 509-7] 49-6 || 658-0) 49-
25-46 || 512-3] 49-9 || 670-4) 49-5
24-06 || 513-1} 50-0 || 668-2| 49-6
23-93 || 510-5| 49-7 || 666-4) 49-4

Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. |

Mean Time of DEcLiINa- || ————_———— -
Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-| Cor- |Thern

Observation. I rected. | meter. || rected.

ah. om ie Fe || Se. Div. 3 Mic. Div.

May 31 18 O| 25 22-72 | 504-1] 47-8 || 672-7

20 0 19-09 | 496-9| 47-8 || 671-2

22 0 21-24 | 481-4] 48-2 | 666-5

June 1 0 O 28-21 || 488-9) 49-0 | 640-3

Zi 50 34:50 | 500-5| 49-7 || 645-9

4 0 31-04 | 511-3) 50-0 | 656-4

6 0 25-66 || 513-1| 50-2 || 670-4

8 0 24-06 || 514-1] 50-2 || 662-7

10 0 25-18 || 511-9| 50-0 | 665-1

18 0} 25 21-24 || 508-1| 49-0 || 671-6

20 O 19-06 || 503-8) 49-8 || 670-6

22, 10 22-45 | 490-0| 51-7 || 657-1

June 2 0 O - 30-39 || 493-7] 53-7 || 625-6

2,0 33-94 || 504-5| 56-0 || 633-0

4 0 32-57 || 505-2| 56-3 || 652-6

6% 10 26-97 || 511-5| 55-1 || 679-3

8 0 25-39 || 521-2| 53-9 || 663-7

10 0 25-88 || 518-4) 52-8 || 651-3

18 O] 25 19-36 |) 502-2) 49-7 || 646-4

20 0 15-79 || 493-8] 49-4 || 653-1

22 0 34-85 || 491-8| 49-4 || 629.3

June 3 0 O 30-46 || 495-7| 49-9 || 638-4

2, 0 33-42 || 498-5| 50-6 | 641-2

4 0 31-50 || 500-5| 50-3 || 679-7

6 0 28-41 || 508-5| 49-8 || 680-0

8 0} 25-63 || 512-8) 49-0 || 695-6

10 O 24-20 || 504-5) 48-1 || 673-5

June 418 0] 25 21-56 || 501-7) 46-3 || 623-6

20 0 23-16 || 492-6| 46-1 || 655-0

225 0 26-42 || 488-6| 46-0 || 656-1

June 5 0 O 29-31 || 487-6| 46-0 || 643-3

Die 10 27-96 || 497-2| 46-1 || 649-2

4 0 27-58 || 516-6] 46-1 || 657-7

6 0 24-67 | 505-8| 46-0 || 675-7

8 0 26-01 || 512-4| 45-6 || 671-5

10 0 25-68 || 505-4] 45-1 || 672-2

18 0O|| 25 20-41 || 497-7| 44-2 || 645-8

20: (0. 21-95 || 496-1] 44-9 || 665-4

22. 0 23-36 || 493-5) 46-4 || 649-4

June 6 0 O 27-40 || 492-0) 47-8 |) 643-5

2 0 29-21 || 502:0| 49-1 || 636-1

4 0 26-97 || 506-9} 50-9 || 657-7

G7 (0 » 25-98 || 508-9| 51-6 || 662-8

8 0 25-22 || 515-2) 51-9 || 660-5

10 0 24-60 || 509-9| 51-7 || 664-7

18 0O|| 25 21-42 || 502-9] 49.4 || 642.7

20 O 20-30 || 499-2| 50-2 || 659-4

22 0 22-27 || 490-9) 52-0 || 657-2

June 7 0 O 27-76 || 498-6| 53-2 || 650-3

2 0 27-61 || 511-8} 55-4 || 650-4

4 0 29-11 | 507-7| 57-1 || 657-5

6 0 25-01 || 514-0| 57-1 || 683-7

8 0 25-51 | 518-5] 57-0 | 686-9

10 0 32-35 || 510-1| 56-2 || 642-8

DECLINATION. ‘Torsion removed, circle reading,—May 264 3h, 229° ;* 294 3h, 246°; June 74 1», 253°.

Birizark. k=0'0001205.

BALANCE.

k=0:000015 approximately.

* May 264 34, Two fibres of the suspension thread of the Declinometer found broken.

Observation.

pyre.

_
CHOODRNONOMW:

ne 13

ccooccoeoooo coscooeceeosos coeoeoeccoeososo cosooSseSosceoes coosoeosesceoso SoooeoSeSsoocs

DartLy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JUNE 7—21. 1843.

DECLINA-
TION.

25 21-95
25-92
24-60
26-75
29-68
26-87
25-85
23-19
23-29

21-29
19-63
22-58
26-35
28-67
26-19
24-75
24-74
23-34

17-07
19-54
24-06
30-79
33-27
29-04
25-83
26-17
25-27

23-09
23-26
25-19
27-83
31:19
30-55
25-27
25-88
22-55

23-24
18-55
22-67
26-62
32-27
29-31
24-60
26-62
23-57

26-15
25-11
24-77
30-55
34-08
32-25
29-51
28-70
27-63

25

25

25

25

25

BIFILAR. BALANCE.
Cor- |Thermo-| Cor- /Thermo-

rected. | meter. || rected. | meter.
Se. Div. i Mic. Div. a
484-6 | 53-7 || 633-7 | 53-7
489-1 | 54:5 || 642-6 | 54-3
484-8 | 55-2 | 672-8 | 54-9
494-5 | 56-0 | 661-9 | 55-5
496-3 | 56-9 | 642-0 | 56-2
504-4 | 57-8 || 660-0 | 57-0
509-8 | 58-0 | 668-3 | 57-3
512-8 | 57-5 | 680-5 | 57-0
504-2 | 56-2 || 673-0 | 56-0
496-1 | 53-1 | 668-2 | 53-1
492-7 | 53-4 | 674-3 | 53-4
487-7 | 54-8 || 670-2 | 54-4
486-5 | 55-6 || 665-6 | 55-0
498-8 | 56-2 | 659-6 | 55-5
508-3 | 56-8 || 666-0 | 56-1
508-8 | 57-2 || 672-6 | 56-5
509-2 | 56-7 || 672-3 | 56-0
507-7 | 55-7 || 675-1 | 55-5
506-1 | 53-2 | 666-6 | 53-2
518-7 | 53-4 || 655-8 | 53-4
497-2 | 54-3 | 657-5 | 54-0
491-4 | 56-0 | 654-0 | 55-5
505-9 | 58-1 | 656-3 | 57-1
511-3 | 59-7 | 665-7 | 58-5
512-3 | 60-8 | 681-5 | 59-5
522-0 | 61-0 || 682-2 | 60-0
514-8 | 59-3 || 669-3 | 58-9
501-9 | 52-7 ||642-9 | 52-6
496-9 | 52-7 ||655-9 | 52-5
477-4 | 52-7 | 663-7 | 52-5
492.2 | 53-5 | 663-8 | 53-0
500:3 | 54-6 || 684-9 | 54-0
505-0 | 55-6 || 695-3 | 54-9
516-1 | 55-4 || 708-3 | 54-8
519-7 | 54-6 || 700-3 | 54-1
505-9 | 53-4 || 698-9 | 53-0
490-2 | 49-9 || 657-5 | 49-8
485-4 | 49-8 | 674-2 | 49-5
480-3 | 50-0 || 684-2 | 49-8
486-3 | 51-0 ||674-S | 50-5
509-9 | 53-0 | 663-6 | 52-3
511-2 | 54:3 || 698-2 | 53-2
492-5 | 54-8 | 731-0 | 54-0
510-4 | 54-5 || 695-9 | 53-8
516-9 | 53-5 || 654-2 | 53-0
499-3 | 50-7 || 685-3 | 50-5
498-6 | 51-9 | 682-3 | 51-5
492-9 | 53-4 || 673-6 | 52-8
495-4 | 56-1 | 658-7 | 55-1
503-4 | 59-2 || 653-9 | 57-9
502-7 | 61-8 || 668-0 | 59-8
511-0 | 63-1 || 689-2 | 61-0
512-0 | 64-0 || 675-2 | 62-2
505-9 | 62-6 || 671-5 | 61-5

Gottingen
Mean Time of
Declination
Observation.

ad. oh.
June 14 18
20
22
0

June 15

June 16

June 17

June 18

June 19

June 20

June 21

i

DEcLINA-
TION.

25 28-37
23-21
24-72
31-36
32-60
30-51
27-93
28-64
27-96

25

25

25

25

to
S
o
w

|| 496-3
| 484.1

BIFILAR,

Thermo-
meter.

Cor-
rected.

Se. Diy, °
494-9 | 56-3
57-0
57-9

486-2 | 60-3

66-7
65-7

| 676-9

| 670-8
| 652-1

13

BALANCE.

Thermo-
meter.

Cor-
rected.

Mie. Div.
670-0
677-0
681-2
664-6
657-9
659-8
672-4
672-1
678-6

681-7
699-3
677-6
658-3
628-0
656-5
672-5
677-0
681-5

686-0
690-0
687-8
669-9
666-6
685-0
679-5
674-6
667-3

682-8
683-8
683-8
666-5
654-4
670-0
674-5
678-1
678-6

664-4

56-3
56-6
57:5
59-5
62-0

674:5
664-8
636-3
642-9
656-9
662-3
666-2

665-8
675-4

651-8
658-5
665-7
665-5
668-0

BIFILAR

=0-0001205,

DEcLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—June 84 2h, 267°, 278° ;* 164

BALANCE.

2b, 118°;+ 16¢ 3b, 48°; 184 234, 77°; 214 gh,
k=0:000015 approximately.

.

MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843,

'*June 81 2h, When two readings of the torsion circle are given at the same date, the last is the result of a second trial.
June 164 2h. Three fibres of the suspension thread of the Declinometer found broken ; torsion eliminated as above; the three fibres
then withdrawn, and the torsion again removed before 4".

14

Gottingen
Mean Time of
Declination
Observation.

d. h.

June 21 18
20
22
0

June 22

June 23

June 24

June 25

June 26

June 27

June28 0

CmaQae LN

_

DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS JUNE 21—JuLy 5. 1843.

BIFILAR. BALANCE. Gottingen BIFILAR.
DECLINA- 5 Mean Time of DECLINA-
TION. Cor- |Thermo-| Cor- |Thermo- Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-
rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected, | meter.
oF SDs] oo Nullatiemrell ue detent: ||) Be 7 | Se. Div. °

seers || 497-2 | 59-9 || 663-7 | 60-2 | June 28 18 0 || 25 21-24 |507-1 | 50-8
sence 496-3 | 59-7 | 665-7 | 60-1 20 0 20-43 || 489-0 | 50-9
seeeee 500-5 | 61-1 | 660-0 | 61-0 22 0 24-06 | 490-1 | 51-9
sents 499-0 | 63-2 | 639-0 | 62-6 | June29 0 O 26-53 || 497-4 | 53-7
steers 504-3 | 65:8 || 645-6 | 65-3 % 2 0 28-67 || 508-4 | 55-4
seteee 503-7 | 68-0 | 643-7 | 66-9 4 0 25-04 516-4 | 57-0
seeeee 514-5 | 69-9 || 651-2 | 68-4 6 0 21:58 || 513-5 | 57-1
seers 515-3 | 71-0 | 657-4 | 69-3 8 0 19-91 || 519-4 | 58-4
seneee 510-3 | 69-7 | 657-3 | 68-4 10 0 20:79 || 520-2 | 58-9
seeees 500-0 | 59-6 | 655-7 | 59-6 18 0} 25 15-86 ||505-3 | 54-3
seeeee 492-8 | 59-0 || 675-3 | 59-4 20 0 14:06 || 495-0 | 54-3
trteee 486-2 | 59-4 || 681-5 | 59-5 22 0 16-48 || 490-1 | 55-3
25 24-20 || 487-4 | 62-0 ||674:3 | 61-5 |June30 0 0 33-05 || 491-7 | 56-9
28-57 ||494-9 | 66-5 | 652-3 | 65-0 2 0 39-66 | 505-2 | 59-0
30-58 || 504-5 | 69-9 || 642-2 | 68-0 4 0 33-25 || 522-5 | 60-4
29-21 ||513-8 | 70-0 || 648-4 | 68.2 6 0 31-12 || 525-5 | 61-2
27-83 ||516-3 | 69-3 | 660-5 | 68-0 8 Of] — --oeee 515-7 | 62-0
27-49 ||510-8 | 67-0 | 663-3 | 66-3 10 0 26:08 | 507-6 | 61-3
25 23-66 | 501-0 | 59-0 || 662-5 | 59-0 18 0] 25 25-14 | 488-8 | 56-3
21-24 || 496-2 | 59-0 || 674-9 | 59-0 20 0 16:40 || 484-5 | 57-3
22-56 ||490-4 | 60-3 | 678-4 | 60-0 22 0 20-92 | 481-4 | 58-4
32-30 || 496-0 | 63-0 | 666-4 | 62-1 | July 1 0 O 30-07 | 483-0 | 59-6
35-22 ||501-9 | 64-9 | 666-8 | 63-7 2 0 33-76 | 491-3 | 61-6
31-79 ||512-3 | 66-9 || 646-2 | 65-3 4 0 30:29 || 508-7 | 62-2
29-22 ||513-5 | 68-3 | 658-9 | 66-3 6 0 28-64 | 517-8 | 62-2
27-94 || 513-4 | 68-8 | 668-8 | 66-8 8 0 25-48 | 520-5 | 61-9
27-14 || 509-9 | 67-0 | 676-8 | 66-0 10 0 25-90 | 506-6 | 60-9
25 21-41 |/504-4 | 55-0 ||661-4 | 55-0 | July 2 18 0] 25 24-33 || 505-7 | 60-6
18-46 | 495-4 | 54-9 | 673-0 | 54-9 20 0 19-58 | 500-1 | 60-8
21-31 || 483-4 | 55-1 || 673-1 | 55-0 22 0 22-11 | 484-1 | 61-3
31-46 || 484-4 | 56-6 | 647-3 | 56-0 July JanOeeO. 30-79 || 479-7 | 62-4
34-95 ||504-5 | 58-9 || 643-5 | 57-7 2 0 34-61 || 492-6 | 64-1
33-20 ||515-7 | 61-7 | 675-2 | 60-0 4 0 32.89 || 515-3 | 65-7
26-62 || 513-8 | 63-2 || 687-4 | 61-5 6 0 28-88 || 518-0 | 66-4
25-75 ||517-9 | 63-0 | 677-7 | 61-5 8 0 26:89 | 517-7 | 67-0
25-48 ||512-0 | 61-1 | 669-9 | 60-3 10 0 19:89 || 513-0 | 65-8
25 20-57 || 501-9 | 54-5 || 672-2 | 54.9 18 0} 25 24-60 | 492-3 | 59-2
19-76 || 492-3 | 54-4 | 676-3 | 54-6 20 0 22-22 || 494-7 | 59-2
23-12 ||484-1 | 54-6 | 664-0 | 54-6 22 0 23-59 || 483-6 | 59-8
31:74 || 486-0 | 55-1 648-0 | 55-0 |July 4 0 0 28-88 | 481-0 | 61-9
33:55 ||499-9 | 56-2 || 655-6 | 55-7 2 0 31:19 || 495-0 | 64-3
30-45 || 510-5 | 57-8 || 674-3 | 57-0 4 0 50-15 || 510-7 | 66-6
25-95 ||510-1 | 58-2 || 677-9 | 57-2 6 0 28:44 511-8 | 68-3
25-31 ||517-7 | 57-1 | 675-5 | 56-5 8 0 26-15 || 521-1 | 69-0
25:27 || 513-0 | 55-7 || 670-0 | 55-5 10 0 25:86 || 512-5 | 67-6
25 21-91 || 504-1 | 51-0 || 668-4 | 51-0 18 0} 25 26-84 || 495-6 | 61-8
19-60 || 497-0 | 51-2 || 683-6 | 51-0 20 0 22:05 || 498-1 | 61-4
23-19 ||483-9 | 52-2 || 674-5 | 51-9 22 0 24:31 || 489-3 | 62-1
30:96 ||487-6 | 53-2 || 657-1 | 52-7 July 50550 28:08 || 487-1 | 63-6
32-72 ||501-1 | 54:8 || 658-2 | 54-0 Pe AY) 29-89 || 498-9 | 66-1
31-19 || 512-0 | 55-7 || 671-3 | 54-8 4 0 29-17 ||504-5 | 68-1
26-48 ||511-5 | 56-0 ||681-1 | 55-4 6 0 29-44 | 508-1 | 67-9
25-75 || 512-9 | 55-7 || 670-9 | 55-0 8 0 26-10 | 512-6 | 67-2
25.54 ||509-5 | 54-4 | 664-9 | 54-0 10 0 25-12 || 507-6 | 65-6

BALANCE,

Cor-
rected.

Mic. Diy.| °
673-9 | 50-7 |
685-9
677-7
667-7
659-8
674-9
675-7
671-8
662-8

652-5
659-1
661-9
650-2
643-6
663-6
704-4
712:3
687-7

582-2
636-9
647-6
645-6
648-4
659-4
666-5
681-4
669-6

633-9
647-7
650-5
640-8
639-7
656-0
670-9
679-0
660-5

661-1
680-0
676-8
668-8
668-9

| 659-4

662-8
668-0
667-4

640-2
644-8
666-4
666-7
662-5
653-2
651-8
635-9
660-8

DECLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—June 224 23h, 342°;* 234 19h, 326°; 254 19h, 6°, 11°; 284 23h, 16°, 32°; 298 | j
318°,¢ 271°;+ 304 35, 326°;+ 304 74, 334°, 325° st July 54 74, 15°.

BIFILAR.

k=0:0001205.

BALANCE.

k=0:000015 approximately.

* June 224—234,

t+ June 294304,

Suspension thread of Declinometer broken and a new thread substituted.
Experiments made on the torsion of the suspension thread.

See Introduction.
See Introduction.

DatILy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JuLy 5—19. 1843.

| Gottingen

| Mean Time of DeEcrina-
Declination TION.

Observation.

m.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 .
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

BIFILAR.

BALANCE,

Cor- |Thermo-
rected. | meter.

Se. Div. 2

499-6 | 62-0
495-7 | 61:7
491-6 | 62-2
487-1 | 6
494.9

Cor-
rected.

Mic. Div.
662-3
660-8
669-5
642-3
639-1
644-8
652-6
658-1
656-3

663-0
675-1
679-2
662-9
648-9
662-2
671-1
682.2
660-4

622-5
629-5
654-1
658-5
668-2
672-8
727-5
690-6
658-9

636-6
639-9
654-3
653-8
673-2
678-6
695-1
694-3
662-2

657-4
664-8
652-0
653-4
667-6
656-7
655-4
662-7
663-6

661-4
664.4
673-1
665-4
660-7
663-7
664-8
675-0
663-6

Thermo-
meter.

62-0
61-8
62-2
63-0

Gottingen
Mean Time of
Declination
Observation.

aan

July 12 18
20
22

July 13

ray

July 14

am

Sxoooacacec Soocaqcaqas co

DECLINA-
TION.

BiF1LAR.

BALANCE.

Cor-

rected.

Thermo-
meter.

° ,

25 18-84

Se. Div.

498-1
492-4
486-5
487-9
504-6
516-6
520-0
513-3
507-7

495-8
493-3
484-9
492-9
510-2
507-1
514-4
512-0
506-6

502-7
499-3
493-0
497-6
500-9
512-1
516-5
512-8
507-7

499.9
499-8
496-7
493-3
490-0
505-3
516-3
512-6
506-4

500-7
497-9
490-1
484-5
500-5
509-6
513-0
511-4
508-1

502-8
502-2
499-0
489-7
495-2
507-3
513-5
515-7
506-9

59-0
59-3
60-8

60-4

Cor-
rected,

Mie. Diy.
659-0
658-1
657-5
663-3
612-1
638-4
654-3
662-4
656-6

605-1
634-5
655-4
654.3
650-4
653-2
647-8
663-2
659-4

653-0
656-4
657-2
645-5
645-7
635-5
634-3
654-6
642-9

651-1
644-8
637-7
640-6
648-1
646-0
657-4
668-9
662-0

649-3
653-2
654-6
634-0
636-7
641-1
649.4
659-5
651-6

644-7
647-7
630-4
628-7
629-5
639-3
650-4
649-6
654-6

DECLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—July 54 21», 28°; 114 3h, 46°, 51°; 134 23h, 59°; 184 19h, 44°; 194 7h, 67°,
¥ BaLance, k=0-000015 approximately.

BIriLar.

k=0:0001205.

16 DaILy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JuLY 19—AveustT 2. 1843.

Gottingen | BIFILAR. BALANCE, Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE,
Mean Time of DECcLINA- Mean Time of DECLINA- =
Declination | TION. Cor- |Thermo-| Cor- |Thermo: Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-| Cor- |Thermo
Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter,

“ £ Se. Div. S Mic. Diy. ah dad h.
25 18-48 | 500-9 | 58-2 | 647-1 | 58-8 | July 26 18
17:88 || 495-7 | 57-4 || 651-3 | 58-0 20
20-72 || 490-7 | 57-4 || 652-0 | 57-8 22
25:27 ||488-8 | 57-3 || 642-5 | 57-5 | July 27
27-46 ||497-0 | 57-3. || 640-8 | 57-5
23-76 ||507-5 | 57-7 |\649-5 | 57-8
21-96 || 509-7 | 58-0 || 658-3 | 58-0
22-43 |/510-3 | 58-2 | 655-4 | 58-2
22.05 || 509-4 651-8 | 58-0

19-31 || 506-0 641-7 | 55-5
19-89 || 505-7 641-6 | 55-7
20-43 || 496-4 . 628-9
25-52 || 492-3 ‘ 618-0
29-31 || 500-4 i 617-2
28-17 || 511-2 : 631-1
23-93 || 513-9 o 637-3
23-86 | 515-5 : 649-7
23-17 || 509-2 647-5

17-41 || 503-7 632-5
17-58 || 497-0 > 644-0
20-48 | 494-8 : 640-2
26:67 | 497-4 . 631-2
29-02 || 497-9 5 632-3
28-05 || 506-5 ‘ 654-4
24-64 || 510-3 . 665-1
23-19 || 512-3 : 658-6
22-92 || 509-9 4 661-2

20-61 || 503-4 : 639-1
19-15 || 499-7 654-4
21-64 || 495-9 : 649-2
26-52 || 499.2 : 629-3
27-96 | 511-7 : 633-2
25-79 || 513-5 : 637-1
25-32 || 567-3 ‘ 621-0
22-99 | 524-7 . 685-1
55-11 || 507-9 593-6

Coane Se. Div. Mic. Div. og

25 18-35 : ‘8 || 624-2 | 60-0 |
19-02 . ‘7 |/611-L | 600 |
21-44 : 6 || 612-2 | 60-5
28-65 . 6 ||595-0 | 60-8 |
31-30 : -9 || 627-7 | 64-0
26-94 . 3. | 642-5 | 65.4
19-67 : -4 || 666-4 | 65-5
23-98 : 6 | 649-7 | 65.0 |
24.33 . 0 || 641-0 | 63-9

15-52 . 8 || 613-9 | 59-0 |
20-37 . ‘7 || 624-4 | 58-7
22.69 . 3. || 640-1
25.34 . 8 || 618-4 | 60-4
27-36 . ‘7 ||630-1 | 61-9
26-80 : -9 || 645-0
23.39 . 0 | 640-5
22-16 . -0 | 629-3
21-53 . 0 || 641-0

17-94 E . 636-7
17-22 98- . 639-8
21-10 : D 635-6
28-23 a : 622-6
32-08 : ‘ 624-8
27-70 , c 642.8
22-85 : : 650-9
17-99 : : 671-3
26-20 : : 648-2

595-2
631-7
640-0
622-3
622-8
643-2
650-2
657-2
639-4

™m.

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o|
0
0
0
0
0
0)
0!
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o|
0
0
0
0}
0
0
0)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0|
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

i. hh.
July 19 18
20
22
July 20

»

coocooooco cosoeococecooco coooscoscoooc cosoesscooocoo sseeeseoss coooocooceor

17-88 || 503-1 654-6
17-67 || 496-7 : 654-9
31-03 || 444-1 : 674-9
33-15 || 467-2 . 702-6
35-59 || 517-5 3: 814-0
28-12 || 609-2 | 65- 905-5
31-96 || 519-4 Hl 812-8
19-63 || 508-0 H 736-0
20-10 | 474.3 dl 663-7

15-03 || 466-0
20-70 || 486-3
22-72 || 479-5
26:97 || 481-5
29-91 || 499-3
29-31 || 508-7
24-60 || 508-1
23:50 || 508-4
22-94 || 505-0

640-9
640-2
643-5
623-6
620-1
625-9
629-7
636-6
635-2

638-2
637-3
641-3

61:3

DECLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—July 26% 7%, 40°; 304 23h, 25°; 314 7h, 52°.*
Birizark. k=0-0001205, BaLancE. k=0-000015 approximately.

*July 314 2h, Observations made to determine the zero point of the Declination scale.

j . Daity OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, AUGUST 2—16. 1843. 17

- Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE, Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE.
_ Mean Time of DECLINA- Mean Time of DEcLINA-
- Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo-+ Declination TION, Cor- |Thermo-) Cor- /Thermo
~ Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter.
. ——— |———_____
_ a h m. ° U Se, Div. e Mic. Diy. e m. 5 zy Se. Div. S Mic. Div. 2
Aug. 218 0|| 25 19-80 || 502-9 | 58-0 || 638-0 | 58-0 Aug. 9 18 0) 25 18-63 | 499.6 | 59-5 31-7 | 59-5
20 0 17-41 ||497-5 | 58-0 || 644-7 | 58-0 20 20 18-68 || 488-4 | 58-7 || 646.2 | 58-8
; 22 0 20-97 ||493-1 | 59-7 | 635-7 | 59-0 22 0 20-10 || 479.4 | 59-0 || 645-3 | 59-2
Aug. 3 0 O 26-89 ||488-6 | 61-4 ||619-6 | 60-7 | Aug.10 0 0 28-27 || 490-7 | 61-6 || 607-0 | 61-0
2 0 29-29 || 507-1 | 64-0 || 610-1 | 63-0 2 0 28-64 | 507-4 | 65-3 || 624-4 | 64-1
4 0 29-08 | 535-3 | 66-7 | 604-0 | 65-2 40 25-02 | 512.0 | 67-8 || 637-6 | 66-0
6 0 21-08 || 512-7 | 68-0 || 637-0 | 66-5 6 0 22-53 || 522.7 | 69-2 | 641-3 | 67-2
8 0 21-79 | 526-7 | 67-3 | 617-9 | 66-0 8 0 21-58 || 509-7 | 69-0 || 628.6 | 67-0
10 0 16-67 | 527-2 | 65-2 || 625-7 | 64-7 10 0 22-74 | 508-5 | 67-0 || 621-3 | 65-8
18 0O|| 25 17-78 || 497-4 | 59-4 || 602-5 | 59-5 18 0] 25 18-55 | 501-7 | 59-0 || 636-1 | 59-3
20 0 20-27 |\497-1 | 59-0 || 621-0 | 59-2 20 0 17-67 || 490-8 | 58-8 || 641-1 | 58-8
‘ 22 0 20-82 | 466-7 60-4 | 625-5 | 60-2 22 0 22-60 | 483-3 | 59-6 || 637-6 | 59-5
Aug. 4 0 O 31-43 |/490-3 | 62-8 ||601-8 | 62-2 | Aug.11 0 0 27-50 | 485-6 | 62-1 || 626-2 | 61-5
, 2 0 29-42 ||512-9 | 65-0 || 682-0 | 64-0 2 0 30-63 || 501-5 | 64-7 || 626-3 | 63-5
4 0 32:78 || 519-3 | 66-0 || 685-9 | 65-0 4 0 24-18 || 499.6 | 65-7 || 661-8 | 64-6
6 0 13-68 || 537-3 | 67-0 | 772-5 | 66-5 6 0 22-57 | 513-5 | 66-6 || 653-3 | 65-5
8 0 21-24 || 517-4 | 66-2 | 679-1 | 65.4 8 0 19-87 || 512-7 | 66-3 || 648-0 | 65-5
' 10 0 20-61 ||511-5 | 64-9 || 624-7 | 64.4 10 0 20:62 || 524.8 | 65-1 || 617-5 | 64-7
18 0O|| 25 18-82 || 492-3 | 58-8 ||643-9 | 59-0 18 0|| 25 20-17 | 497-8 | 59-4 || 630-0 | 59-7
’ 20 O 19-22 || 484-0 | 58-4 || 643-3 | 58-7 20 0 20-43 || 497.3 | 59-1 || 636.9 | 59-5
| 22 0 23-06 || 487-3 | 59-2 || 630-4 | 59-2 22 0 23-30 | 487-0 | 60-0 | 634-8 | 60-0
um. 5 0 O 24-71 |/499-7 | 61-3 ||623-7 | 60-9 | Aug.12 0 0 27-60 | 485-7 | 62-9 || 623-4 | 62-3
2° 0 25-98 || 503-1 | 63-1 || 646-0 | 62-4 2 0 33-00 || 515-5 | 67-0 || 621-0 | 65-6
i 4 0 23-24 || 509-5 | 64-4 || 628-8 | 63-5 4 0 23-32 | 512-2 | 70-0 || 634-2 | 68-3
6 0 23-39 516-4 | 64-2 || 615-9 | 63-5 6 0 20-47 || 514-4 | 71-9 | 628-2 | 70-0
8 0 19-40 | 516-0 | 63-2 || 647-9 | 63-0 t= eel) 17-49 | 507-7 | 69-7 || 635-5 | 68-5
i 10 O 22-50 || 506-3 | 61-9 || 633-1 | 61-8 10 0 20-62 | 507-5 | 69-1 || 628-9 | 68-3
|
ug. 6 18 O|] 25 20-37 || 499-4 | 56-9 ||612-5 | 57-1 | Aug.13 18 0] 25 18-37 ||494-0 | 61-7 | 632-8 | 62-3
| 20 0 18-65 | 494-4 | 56-6 ||615-9 | 56-7 20 0 17-62 || 489-0 | 61-0 || 641-7 | 61-4
22 0 21-61 | 490-6 | 57-5 || 620-7 | 57-4 22 0 19-87 ||486-0 | 61-7 || 652-7 | 61-9
ig. 7 0 0 23-90 ||497-3 | 59-0 || 606-4 | 58.5 | Aug. 14 0 0 27-54 ||485-7 | 64-1 || 630-6 | 63-6
2 0 26-80 | 501-9 | 60-6 ||610-1 | 59-7 2 0 30-65 || 508-4 | 68-0 || 642-3 | 66-5
| 4 0 24-38 | 507-2 | 61-0 || 619-6 | 60-2 4 0 28-00 || 508-8 | 70-4 || 648-2 | 67-6
WV 6 0 23-66 | 514-9 | 61-0 || 630-4 | 60-4 6 0 25-78 || 509-2 | 69-4 || 657-7 | 67-4
| 8 0 17-34 | 519-7 | 61-0 || 636-0 | 60-5 8 0 23-21 || 514-7 | 68-0 | 663-8 | 67-2
| 10 0 22-67 ||510-3 | 61-2 || 622-0 | 60-6 10 0 20-60 || 503-4 | 66-2 || 618-6 | 65-7
. 18 0|| 25 17-98 || 497-9 | 60-S ||576-1 | 60-5 18 0O]| 25 20-41 || 498-1 | 60-0 || 652-0 | 60-3
} 20 0 17-17 || 494-8 | 60-7 || 609-9 | 60-5 20 0 19-24 | 493-8 | 60-0 || 651-7 | 60-0
22 0 21-05 || 486-2 | 61-3 || 609-7 | 61-0 22 0 23-93 ||489-5 | 60-7 || 638-9 | 60-6
ig. 8 0 7 26-06 |\489-1 | 62-5 590-0 | 61-9 | Aug.15 0 0 29.26 ||490-0 | 61-2 | 627-3 | 61-0
F 2 0 30-12 || 497-3 | 63-4 || 604-3 | 63-5 2 0 30-22 ||499-4 | 62-4 | 641-7 | 62-0
4 0 26-72 | 511-8 | 65-7 || 624-5 | 64-6 4 0 26-64 || 505-2 | 64-0 || 654-4 | 63-2
} 6 0 22-43 || 503-7 | 66-4 || 647-4 | 65-5 6 0 23-79 || 508-5 | 64-6 || 655-8 | 63-7
8 0 16-65 || 512-1 | 65-9 || 665-8 | 65-1 8 0 22.63 | 507-5 | 64-3 || 643-0 | 63-5
= 10 0 19-47 || 507-1 | 64-0 || 622-1 | 63-9 10 O 22.09 || 512-1 | 63-6 | 635-1 | 63-1
} 0|| 25 37-51 || 461-8 | 60-6 || 475-2 | 60-7 18 0} 25 19-34 || 502-4 | 61-6 || 640-9 | 61-5
0 19:49 || 498-1 | 60-4 || 537-5 | 60-5 20 0 20-65 || 495-7 | 61-3 | 645-5 | 61-3
0 21-95 || 478-8 | 61-0 || 605-6 | 61-0 22 0 22-92 ||492-4 | 61-7 || 641-6 | 61-5
0 25-88 ||492-8 | 63-3 ||585-2 | 62-8 | Aug.16 0 0 26-96 | 492-0 | 63-0 | 631-8 | 62-5
0 31-04 || 496-6 | 66-4 | 613-8 | 65-4 2 0 27-53 || 504-6 | 65-2 | 632-2 | 64-2
0 26-08 | 515-4 | 69-6 ||619-5 | 67-8 4 0 26-43 | 511-2 | 68-9 || 633-4 | 67-1
0 21-01 || 508-6 | 70-2 || 641-8 | 69-5 6 0 21-48 ||510-0 | 71-0 || 643-0 | 68-0
0 20-61 || 496-4 | 68-0 || 644-8 | 66-5 8 0 22-63 ||511-8 | 71-1 || 634-2 | 69-0
0 23-88 || 506-3 | 67-0 || 628-3 | 66-0 10 0 22-79 | 510-3 | 69-0 || 629-7 | 67-9

DECLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—Aug. 44 7%, 67°; 54 3h, 63°; 104 23h, 69°; 134 23», 81°.*
Birizar. k=0-0001205. BALANce. k=0-000015 approximately.

ug. 74 2h. Walue of the torsion co-efficient determined for the Declinometer suspension thread.
114 0h—134 22h, Magnet with short scale placed in the Declinometer, on account of observations for absolute horizontal eres 5
Introduction.

g- 124 3h, Declination magnet removed, and the deflection magnet substituted, in order to determine its time of vibration.

MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843.

18 Datty OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, AuGust 16—30. 1843.

H
Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. |)
Mean Time of Deciina- || ————_———_ Mean Time of DeEcitina- |—_——_———_- |
Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo- Declination TION, Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |'Thermo4_
Observation. rected, rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter, || rected. | meter, |)

Y Se. Div. Mic. Div.
17-99 || 502-1 : 642.9
19-06 || 496-3 : 644-3
22:02 | 491-3 640-2
27-14 || 493-2 is 623-9
28:55 || 508-8 fs 631-9
25-34 || 515-5 : 617-2
23:44 |) 512-4 % 633-6
23-17 || 513-6 4 644-1
21-78 || 509-4 638-5

19-56 || 502-2 p 638-2
20:07 || 499-3 : 650-9
21-95 || 492-3 . 655-8
25-27 || 491-2 D 649-3
27-83 || 506-4 . 635-4
26-72 || 509-0 : 639-7
24-60 | 512-8 : 663-6
23:48 || 509-8
23-26 || 508-9

20-57 | 500-8
19-02 || 493-1
23-09 || 486-1
26:55 || 491-0
30-79 || 506-4
27-96 | 511-0
24-44 | 511-6
23-26 || 509-3
20-43 || 503-4

20-67 || 499.4
18-59 || 495-7
23-19 || 491-3
27-18 || 498-7
28-87 || 518-1
23-62 || 512-0
21-75 || 511-0
23-93 || 512-2
21-04 || 509-9

20-10 || 507-7
19-27 || 504-9
25-43 || 498-5
31-76 || 498-8
33-54 || 487-4
31-22 | 504-7
26-94 || 519-0
26-45 || 522-5
25-21 || 511-9

Se. Div. 2 Mie. Div.| &
499-8 | 53-9
486-9
484-0
495-4
510-2
521-6
516-7
511-3
510-2

503-5
491-5

20-74 || 483-9
19-60 || 487-9
25-01 || 483-1
24-65 || 490-3
28-33 || 506-6
21:33 || 518-3
21-41 || 527-7
18-78 || 511-9
18-48 || 524-8

27-29
29-39
23-51
20-98
19-12
19.80

m.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

cocococoooso cossososocososo cososeoseoscooo oseosossessese coocococeoe cocooooooos

DECLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—Aug. 204 23h, 86°; 214 7, 92°; 244 7h, 92°; 304 3h, 98°
BiFiLar. k=0-0001205. BALANCE. k=0:000014* approximately.

Aug. 21d 0h—4b. Magnet with short scale in the Declinometer.

Aug.2ld 7h. Deflection magnet vibrated in the Declinometer box. ‘

Aug, 234 0h—24d 6h. Magnet with short scale inserted in the Declinometer box, and the Balance magnet removed, in order to determine its temperature
rection. The Declination and Bifilar readings are corrected for the effect of the Balance.

* Aug. 4d 7h. Balance needle vibrated horizontally in the Declinometer box, and afterwards adjusted.

Ang. 30d 4h—Sept. 12d 22h, Magnet with short scale in the Declinometer box, while the magnet with the long scale was used in the Extra Declinometer bo
temperature experiments and intensity observations.

DaiLy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, AUGUST 30—-SEPTEMBER 13. 1843.

Gottingen
Mean Time of

Declination
Observation.

h.
18
20
: 22
Aug. 31 0
2

- a.
Aug. 30_

no
bo

ept. 1 0

-

bo
to

»

;

DECLINA-
TION.

17-92
16:36
19-74
26-28
30-35
28-20
25-87
21-45
21-82

18-03
21-86
21-52
28-59
31-89
27-78
19-42
17-60
17-70

19-14
32-55
24-41
26-83
28-05
26-60
20-36
20-81
10-78

18-45
20-06
18-60
23-68
24-90
23-70
20-10
19-16
11-62

21-93
26-36
22-05
24-09
29-36
26-60
21-82
19-12
17-47

17-85
22-36
26-56
27-37
27-03
24-15
20-62
20-10
13-08

BIFILAR. BaLaNce. Gottingen
Mean Time of
Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo Declination

rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation.

Se. Div. 8 Mie. Div. G a. oh. m
510-3 | 57-6 || 778-1 | 57-6 | Sept. 6 1 0
504-2 | 57-3 || 789-1 | 57-4 20 0
494-3 | 57-8 || 788-3 | 57-8 22 0
493-7 | 60-3 || 773-3 | 59-7 Sept. 7 0 0
504-0 | 64-0 ||772-5 | 62-7 2 0
510-3 | 66-9 || 788-7 | 65-2 4 0
512-0 | 67-3 || 804-0 | 66-0 6 0
516-0 | 66-8 | 810-7 | 65-6 8 0
516-1 | 65-5 || 787-3 | 65-0 10 0
506-0 | 61-3 || 772-4 | 61-5 18 0
504-2 | 61-1 || 767-1 | 61-3 20 0
494-8 | 61-8 || 775-7 | 61-6 22 0
504-7 | 63-4 ff verre | veers Sept. 8 0 0
TAIN GD-Ob il eceees, |cessec 20
FORO GEOlMicdier: | cecese 4 0
AGIESHIG 7-08 Mlieethes) [sce «se 6 0
CS) GOON Wfestees. | |store 8 0
BOB ST) GOO) Wi eedeae |) - seen 10 0
Aa G2eRe lisse | | ccnene 18 0
478-0 1 62-7 |[<csrce | severe 20 O
ASS GS-2) Wiesaees [| wmens 22 0
485-6 | 66-7 || esse. | eeeeee Sept. 9 0 0
A024 |) G86) ||| ware. | ease 2 0
503-8 | 69-2 P-----. | sees 4 0
BO754) 69:7) Wlecdtes | ccewes 6 0
503-6 | 69-1 (fjceneee | weaves 8 0
TG GSe1n i\sceeee || s-sm-. 10 O
QOS a ARGH iiliceteee wit coneee Sept.10 18 0
495-0 | 58-3 |] ---... | eveeee 20 O
495-8 | 58-7 jl-eeu. | oe Opec 22 0
498-0 | GO-G |] .-.-6. | sence Sept.11 0 10
ae le GO scterss. |) eee vn 2 0
GD) ||) GAG! ages. |) weceae 4 0
Ose Goo) |ieace.. || -oenms 6 0
ET POU G59) Witectes | secens 8 0
486-0 |} 63-8 |] ..00s. | seceee 10 0
491-5 | 55-0 |} ...... | ...0es 18 0
OMEN S420) Mice deee ft wecces 20 0
ASW 4-4) Wecdsen |) e-c0ee 22 0
496-9 | 57-0 |} ...--. | sees Sept.12 0 0
497-5 | 61-6 || 830-1 | 60-5 2 0
505-5 | 65-7 || 854-1 | 64-0 4 0
509-9 | 67-9 || 887-5 | 66-0 6°"'0
507-7 | 67-6 || 859-8 | 66-0 8 0
505-5 | 66-0 || 800-4 | 65-1 10 0
511-0 | 60-0 || 813-5 | 60-3 18 0
496-4 | 59-8 || 817-5 | 60-0 20 0
489-9 | 60-9 || 834-1 | 60-7 22 0
499-1 | 64-0 || 805-0 | 63-4 | Sept.13 0 0
506-0 | 67-0 || 822-2 | 66-0 2 0
504-9 | 69-3 || 821-8 | 68-0 412
507-1 | 71-9 || 816-0 | 70-0 6 0
510-2 | 71-0 || 815-0 | 69-8 8 0
518-4 | 69-4 ||811-0 | 68-5 10 0

DrEcLiIna-
TION.

25 17-92
17-43
17-45
24-28
27-07
24.45
19-57
19-87
19-18

20-17
18:07
18-93
25-46
27.20
25-12
21:07
20-55
16-18

20-92
18-00
22-85
27-46
30-33
23-68
26-88
20-40
13-89

23-66
23-40
23-32
29-25
28-83
24-63
22-21
19-63
16-08

22-05
18-11
19-59
26-62
26-86
25.68
24-11
21-22
19.44

18:97
17-49
19-72
23-79
27-56
23-95
20-41
19-13
13-82

25

25

25

25

25

19
BIFILaR. BALANCE.
Cor- /Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo-

rected. | meter. || rected. | meter.
Sc. Div. - Mie. Diy. :
505-0 | 61-8 || 800-2 | 62-3
489-3 | 60-2 || 839-2 | 60-7
489-2 | 60-5 || 848-7 | 60-9
494-8 | 62-9 || 834-2 | 62-6
499-6 | 66-0 || 840-1 | 65-2
510-1 | 69-9 || 838-6 | 68-1
506-3 | 72-1 || 839-5 | 70-5
511-2 | 71-6 || 816-1 | 69-7
509-1 | 69-6 || 816-2 | 68-5
506-9 | 59-8 ||813-8 | 60.4
496-4 | 58-6 || 844-2 | 59-0
491-3 | 58-8 || 862-0 | 59-0
493-9 | 61-9 || 847-0 | 61-5
495-9 | 67-0 || 850-2 | 65-5
518-2 | 71-8 ||837-1 | 69-5
508-7 | 74-9 || 860-9 | 72-4
507-6 | 74-0 || 823-7 | 72-0
506-7 | 71-9 ||811-0 | 70-6
504-8 | 63-2 | 808-0 | 63-6
496-0 | 62-0 || 826-0 | 62-5
482-9 | 61-9 || 840-6 | 62-3
490-7 | 64-3 || 829-3 | 64-1
505-3 | 68-9 || 822-3 | 67-5
524-0 | 72-6 || 868-2 | 70-9
504-5 | 74-4 || 864-0 | 72-5
512-7 | 73-0 || 834-3 | 71-6
504-1 | 71-0 || 823-7 | 70-0
501-6 | 63-0 ||S66-2 | 63-0
494-7 | 62-9 || 869-7 | 63-0
491-8 | 63-2 ||824-4 | 63-2
495-2 | 65-0 || 829-0 | 64-6
504-1 | 66-8 || 836-8 | 66-0
511-8 | 68-8 || 834-5 | 67-5
507-5 | 68-9 || 833-0 | 67-7
513-5 | 67-6 || 832-9 | 66-9
506-5 | 66-2 || 823-3 | 66-0
507-9 | 63-2 ||822-0 | 63-5
505-0 | 62-9 || 823-8 | 63-0
492-5 | 62-9 ||816-0 | 63-0
494-3 | 63-4 ||815-2 | 63-5
500-1 | 65-0 || 830-6 | 64:5
516-0 | 67-4 | 845-4 | 66-3
506-2 | 69-3 || 861-9 | 67-5
514-3 | 69-0 || 833-1 | 67-5
507-5 | 67-1 ||812-3 | 66-5
501-5 | 60-1 || 792-5 | 60-5
500-2 | 59-1 ||819-1 | 59-5
493-2 | 59-2 || 831-0 | 59-5
496-5 | 61-1 || 824-5 | 60-9
509-1 | 64-7 || 830-2 | 63-7
511-0 | 67-9 || 829-5 | 66-4
502-6 | 68-7 |) 842-6 | 67-0
511-6 | 67-1 || 818-9 | 66-0
511-6 | 64-2 || 813-7 | 64-0

DECLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—Sept. 44 1», 53°* ; 124 23%, 82°.
k=0°0001205.

BIFILAR.

BALANCE,

k=0'000013* approximately.

Sept. 1454, The Balance magnet removed in order to determine its temperature correction: at 44 1 it was vibrated horizontally
: Declinometer box, and afterwards re-adjusted.

0

Gottingen
Mean Time of
Declination

Observation.

a.
Sept. 13

Sept. 14

Sept. 15

Sept. 16

Sept. 17

~

Sept. 18

Sept. 19

Sept. 20

h.
18
20
22

ooooo ocoooococece:

cocooocooooo ososooosccoo ososoossososcse cococooococ oooco

DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, SEPTEMBER 13—27. 1843.

DECLINA-
TION.

ro

Xt
=
es)
o
to

oO

25 17-61

25 17-52

25 19-98

25 18-21
18-15
23-06
23:39
28-45
28-67
19-83
16-17
15-49

BIFILAR. BALANCE.

Cor- |Thermo-|) Cor- |Thermo
rected. | meter. || rected. | meter.
Se. Div. > Mic. Div. =
504-3 | 55-2 || 832-7 | 55-9
508-8 | 54:8 || 843-0 | 55-2
501-5 | 55-2 || 861-0 | 55-5
502-6 | 57-9 || 842-5 | 57-4
511-3 | 61-3 || 825-0 | 60-0
511-4 | 64-7 || 827-0 | 63-0
516-1 | 65-9 ||831-5 | 64-0
510-7 | 64-9 || 842-5 | 63-6
512-1 | 63-6 || 830-3 | 63-0
510-6 | 60-2 ||816-1 | 60-4
508-4 | 60-1 || 830-0 | 60-1
501-3 | 60-7 || 832-0 | 60-5
502-1 | 62-1 ||809-6 | 61-7
507-6 | 65-3 ||816-5 | 64-2
505-2 | 68-3 || 816-0 | 66-6
514-7 | 69-7 || 803-4 | 67-6
511-8 | 68-7 || 799.3 | 67-0
512-3 | 65-7 || 796-0 | 65-2
510-7 | 59-0 ||817-5 | 59-4
506-1 | 58-0 || 834-5 | 58-5
501-0 | 58-2 || 840-6 | 58-4
501-2 | 60-9 || 821-5 | 60-5
511-2 | 64-0 || 826-9 | 63-2
506-9 | 67-2 || 823-2 | 65-8
514-3 | 68-2 || 826-1 | 66-9
516-4 | 67-9 || 807-8 | 66-8
516-1 | 66-5 || 806-3 | 65-9
512-0 | 60-0 || 809-2 | 60-2
506-0 | 59-8 || 821-2 | 60-0
502-8 | 61-3 || 798-0 | 61-1
503-0 | 63-7 || 796-1 | 63-1
510-4 | 66-0 || 793-2 | 65-0
511-4 | 65-9 || 807-3 | 65-3
521-4 | 65-1 || 817-7 | 64-9
517-6 | 64-0 || 820-9 | 63-0
519-0 | 62-6 || 796-7 | 62-6
502-9 | 55-7 || 761-4 | 56-2
495-0 | 54-3 ||813-9 | 55-0
475-4 | 54-3 ||824-3 | 54-7
499-3 | 56-6 ||823-8 | 56-5
512-9 | 60-0 || 828-6 | 59-3
510-0 | 63-1 || 823-8 | 61-8
509-0 | 64-3 || 838-7 | 63-0
507-3 | 63-7 || 846-9 | 62-6
511-2 | 62:3 || 780-5 | 61-8
510-2 | 57-4 || 818-3 | 57-6
496-1 | 56-9 || 838-0 | 57-0
492-4 | 57-3 ||831-8 | 57-5
500-5 | 60-6 || 822-0 | 60-0
508-8 | 63-0 || 823-9 | 61-6
514-7 | 65-9 || 830-2 | 64-6
513-3 | 66-9 || 833-6 | 65-5
512-4 | 66-0 || 831-0 | 65-3
510-0 | 65-0 || 806-4 | 64-5

| Sept.27 0

Gottingen
Mean Time of
Declination
Observation.

a. oh.
Sept. 20 18
20
22
Sept.21 0

Sept. 22 0
Sept. 23 0

Sept. 24 18

Sept.25 0

m.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

10 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Sept.26 0 0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

10

DECLINA-
TION.

25 20-41
15:17
18-62
23-09
26-32
26-45
22-43

8-46
18-75

25 19-56
19-00
21-51
24-87
27-58
26-19
22-92
18-55
14-72

25 20-11
20-03
20-32
26-08
26-22
24-33
15-19
20-01
19-83

25 18-75
16-80
20-23
24-80
26-69
21-29
18-41
18-28
17-67

25 18-55
15-66
19-96
27-34
28-47
24-00
23-07
19-24
12-90

25 18-03
16-97
17-88
24-06
25-95
25-14
22-72
22-92
21:31

DECLINATION. ‘Torsion removed, circle reading,—Sept. 194 23h, 75°; 274 3h, 73°,
Birivar. k=0-0001205.

BALANCE.

k=0-000013 approximately.

Birivar. BALANCE, — |
Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- /Thermo-
rected. | meter. || rected. | meter, |
Se. Div. ° Mic. Div. =
503-0 | 64-7 || 777-1 .
505-4 | 64:0 || 787-7
|492-8 | 64-0 || 801-8.

496-7 | 65-4 || 805-3
500-0 | 67-3 || 799-6
512-1 | 69-7 || 799-2
506-3 | 70-8 || 828-9
505-1 | 68-9 || 829-1
509-6 | 66-8 || 812-0
495-8 | 57-3 || 768-9
500-5 | 55-9 || 791-7
493-1 | 55-9 || 821-7
499-0 | 58-3 || 813-6
518-1 | 62-9 || 824-1
517-1 | 67-4 || 868-5
516-3 | 70-0 || 816-8
513-5 | 69-0 || 813-4
507-1 | 67-0 || 804-6
500-3 | 57-4 || 815.4
501-2 | 56-1 || 821-8 8
|490-2 | 56-1 || 824-7 | 56-5
501-4 | 58-4 || 815-7 | 58-2
512-3 | 63-1 || 851-9 | 62-0
518-0 | 67-7 || 837-0 | 65-7
|526-9 | 70-7 || 834-0 | 68-3
512-2 | 70-0 | 798-7 | 68-0
511-3 | 68-1 || 789-5 | 67-1
511-2 | 59-7 || 813-6 | 59-8
507-3 | 58-6 || 824-7 | 58-6
491-8 | 57-9 || 823-0 | 57-9
497-9 | 57-7 || 804-0 | 57-6
507-6 | 58-0 || 829-8 | 57-7
| 504-4 | 58-4 || 849-3 58-0
505-8 | 57-7 || 842-5 | 57-2
510-9 | 56-3 || 838-9 | 56-1
|510-1 | 55-0 || 833-7 55-0
508-8 | 50-8 || 820-4
497-7 | 50-1 || 838-1
488-2 | 50-6 || 832-9
491-6 | 51-2 || 822-6
502-5 | 52-6 || 827-1
512-0 | 54-1 || 848-8
499-9 | 54-0 || 859-4
507-2 | 53-4 || 837-2
504-9 | 52-7 || 812-8
505-3 | 48-1 || 816-5
499-6 | 47-4 || 836-3
489-0 | 47-9 || 829-1
489-1 | 49-8 || 811-2 | 49:6
504-0 | 52-0 || 813-7 | 50:9
512-8 | 52-3 || 826-2 | 51
512-3 | 52-6 || 827-6 | 514
512-9 | 51-6 || 814-7 | 514
514-2 | 50-0 || 811-6 | 50+

Sept. 264.—The Declination and Bifilar Magnetometers were supplied with closely fitting rectangular boxes, placed within the eyli
drical boxes, for the purpose of destroying currents of air. The boxes of all the Magnetometers were covered inside and outside wi :

gilt paper.

The box of the Balance Magnetometer was removed after the observation at 4», and replaced before that at 6%,

DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, SEPTEMBER 27—OcTOBER 11. 1843. 21
Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE.
Mean Time of DECLINA- Mean Time of DEcLINA-

Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo. Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo

| Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter.
Siam Dh.).) IH, = 4 Sc. Div. - Mie. Diy. < ad hy m. ie i Se. Diy. Y Mice. Diy. C
Sept. 27 18 0} 25 20-32 || 507-6 | 45-9 || 759-7 | 46-5 | Oct. 4 18 0] 25 23-46 || 511-4 | 58-1 || 737-3 | 58.3
: 20 0 22.20 | 506-4 | 45-1 || 780-3 | 45-9 20 0 23-86 | 506-2 | 57-9 || 747-0 | 58-0
3 22. 0 23-66 ||478-5 | 45-3 || 822-2 | 45-9 22 0 23-93 || 486-7 | 57-9 || 781-0 | 57-9
Sept.28 0 0 31-36 ||480-1 | 47-3 ||823-9 | 47-2 ]Oct. 5 0 O 32-53 ||493-6 | 58-2 || 770-2 | 58-1
; 2 0 30-89 || 501-2 | 50-0 || 838-2 | 49-1 2 0 30-69 || 505-4 | 60-0 || 782-8 | 59-1
4 0 28-70 |511-6 | 51-5 || 855-4 | 50-3 4 0 27-33 ||513-2 | 61-6 || 798-4 | 60-4

6 0 23-06 || 512-4 | 51-9 || 847-0 | 50-7 6" 0 25-31 || 505-2 | 61-5 || 849-6 | 60-5

t 8 0 22.25 1510-4 | 51-0 ||832-2 | 50-4 8 0 11-05 || 507-4 | 60-8 || 802-9 | 60-3
p 10 0 20-57 | 509-4 | 50-0 || 835-2 | 49-9 10 0 19-67 | 506-0 | 60-1 || 766-3 | 60-0

18 0} 25 20-79 ||/504-7 | 44-9 ||809-1 | 45-9 18 0|| 25 22-83 | 503-2 | 58-7 || 746-7 | 58-5

20 0 21-39 || 504-8 | 43-9 ||§20-4 | 45-0 20 0 20-50 || 501-4 | 58-7 || 777-2 | 58-5

22 0 20-79 ||493-2 | 44-1 || 847-3 | 45-0 22 0 21-34 || 490-9 | 58-7 || 779-0 | 58-5
ept.29 0 0 25-05 ||495-4 | 46-2 ||812-5 | 46-4 | Oct. 6 0 O 28-50 ||491-3 | 59-2 || 765-6 | 58-9
; 2 0 27-29 || 508-4 | 50-0 || 812-0 | 49-0 2 0 27-60 || 506-2 | 60-6 || 782-3 | 59-9

4 0 26-45 ||519-7 | 51-9 || 817-7 | 50-5 4 0 23-17 ||512-4 | 61-1 || 790-7 | 60-5
6 0 23-83 515-7 | 52:3 ||842-1 | 51-1 6 0 20-41 ||506-6 | 61-1 || 785-4 | 60-7
8 0 17:99 ||502-9 | 52-1 || 854-3 | 51-1 8 0 21-35 ||508-6 | 60-7 ||'775-7 | 60-4

10 0 21-10 | 511-4 | 51-9 || 831-5 | 51-1 10 0 18-73 || 502-2 | 59-9 || 775-1 | 59-8

18 0}| 25 19-36 |/513-8 | 51-9 || 778-4 | 51-4 18 0O]] 25 21-29 ||502-8 | 56-7 |'757-1 | 57-0

20 0 23-14 || 506-8 | 52-2 || 795-1 | 51-7 20 0 20:37 || 504-3 | 56-4 || 775-2 | 56-6

22 0 22-25 | 508-2 | 53-6 || 791-7 | 52-8 22 19 22-35 ||489-1 | 56-9 || 782-4 | 57-0
ept.30 0 0 25-38 || 502-2 | 56-7 || 782-8 | 55-5 | Oct. 7 O O 26-28 ||492-8 | 58-1 ||775-1 | 57-9

2 0 24-85 || 500-8 | 60-0 || 793-4 | 58-2 2 0 27-43 ||504-7 | 60-0 || 767-4 | 59-2
, 4 0 26-43 || 514-9 | 61-9 || 789-0 | 60-0 4 0 24:06 || 513-5 | 62-0 || 776-5 | 61-0
1 6 0 23-93 | 504-9 | 62-6 |) 824-4 | 61-0 6 0 22-16 | 512-5 | 62-0 || 765-9 | 61-0
8 0 23-14 511-3 | 61-8 || 801-7 | 60-6 8 0 21-48 || 511-6 | 60-5 || 761-6 | 60-0

10 0 20-63 || 512-9 | 60-8 || 782-4 | 60-1 10 0 21-32 ||507-1 | 59-1 || 767-6 | 59-3

et. 118 O|| 25 21-24 | 504-1 | 57-0 || 764-3 | 57-6 | Oct. 8 18 O|| 25 21-71 || 505-4 | 48-3 | 806-6 | 49.2
; 20 0 23-53 497-9 | 56-1 || 779-5 | 56-9 20 0 19-87 || 505-7 | 47-7 ||815-1 | 48-5

22 0 23-21 ||494-2 | 56-1 ||791-0 | 56-6 22 0 21-04 || 492-7 | 47:8 |) 820-1 | 48-4

ct. 2 0 0 27-47 ||498-4 | 57-0 || 789-5 | 57-2 | Oct. 9 O O 25-18 ||489-6 | 49-1 ||822-1 | 49-2
4 2 0 28-15 | 503-1 | 58-6 || 792-2 | 58-1 2 0. 27-94 ||499-3 | 50-2 | 810-1 | 49-9

4 0 23-27 ||489-9 | 59-7 || 811-1 | 59-0 4 0 25-22 ||506-9 | 50-8 | 814-6 | 50-3

6 0 23-39 510-8 | 60-0 || 801-6 | 59-2 6 0 21-37 ||508-3 | 50-7 ||822-1 | 50-1

8 0 21-32 | 509-0 | 58-7 || 805-4 | 58-4 8 0 23-17 || 513-8 | 50-1 || 814-5 | 49-9

10 0 22-30 | 505-3 | 57-0 || 797-3 | 57-1 10 0 21-84 | 510-7 | 49:7 |814-6 | 49-6

18 0} 25 22-16 | 506-5 | 51-6 || 792-6 | 52-2 18 0] 25 21-98 | 511-7 | 47-7 ||812-8 | 48-0

20 0 31-04 497-6 | 51-2 || 768-6 | 51-7 20 0 25-48 || 505-5 | 47-2 || 823-3 | 47-6

22 0 25-19 ||497-4 | 51-5 || 789-5 | 51-5 22 0 23-10 || 499-1 | 47-2 ||819-2 | 47-5

t 3 0 0 31-32 ||493-9 | 52-6 ||824-3 | 52-4 | Oct. 10 0 O 24-60 | 494-0 | 47-7 || 811-2 | 47-8

2 0 28-15 | 506-0 | 54-3 | 801-3 | 53-6 2 0 29-29 || 508-4 | 48-7 || 808-5 | 48-5

4 0 25-43 | 507-0 | 55-7 || 806-5 | 54-9 4 0 26-52 ||509-0 | 49-9 || 810-1 | 49.3

6 0 22-62 | 508-5 | 56-0 || 808-8 | 55-4 6 0 23:06 | 512-4 | 50-1 | 811-8 | 49.5

| oy 8 0 18-53 | 506-4 | 56-0 || 810-9 | 55-4 8 0 19-63 ||505-5 | 49-3 |/818-8 | 49.0
10 0 20-88 | 511-7 | 55-7 || 798-2 | 55-2 10 0 15-74 ||499-9 | 48-1 || 809-2 | 48.3
b 18 0} 25 23-32 || 503-2 | 53-8 || 794-7 | 54-0 18 0} 25 21-96 ||510-5 | 45-2 ||808-7 | 45-9

20 0 21:37 | 505-5 | 53-6 || 804-2 | 53-5 20 O 21-24 | 504-4 | 44-9 |/819-8 | 45-5

22 0 23-17 |498-6 | 53-9 || 812-5 | 53-9 22 0 19-93 | 494-6 | 44-9 [818-4 | 45-2

4 0 0 27-51 ||500-3 | 55-9 || 812-1 | 55-0 | Oct. 11 0 O 25-36 ||497-6 | 44-9 || 805-6 | 45-3

2 0 30-02 || 512-6 | 57-9 || 801-1 | 56-8 2 0 26-64 || 504-3 | 45-1 || 811-1 | 45-5
i 4 0 25-14 | 519-3 | 60-3 || 803-1 | 58-8 4 0 25-19 ||517-1 | 45-3 ||819-2 | 45-5
6 0 21-59 ||513-8 | 61-3 || 789-6 | 59-8 6 0 23-16 || 514-5 | 45-3 || 819-9 | 45-5

8 0 22-96 | 515-0 | 61-0 || 781-3 | 60-0 8 0 22-32 |/513-0 | 45-0 || 821-3 | 45-4

10 0 21-02 510-5 | 60-5 || 781-2 | 59-8 10 0 21-42 ||513-7 | 45-0 || 815-6 | 45-2

DECLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—Oct. 64 14, 88°.
BirizarR. k=0:0001205. BaLANcE. k=0:000013 approximately.
F

MAG. AND MET. ons. 1843.

22 DAILy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, OcTOBER 11—25. 1843.

Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. Gottingen BIFiILar. BALANcr,
Mean Time of Deciina- | ||_—__—_|_ Mean Time of DeEcLiINA- |}—_—_————_ |
Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo- Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo4
Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter, |)
da oh m 2 A Se. Div. i Mie. Diy. 5 aa et Am, or) Se. Div. ° Mie. Diy. ° i
Oct. 11 18 0|| 25 22-08 | 510-5 | 43-3 || 819-2 | 43-8 | Oct. 18 18 O}| 25 16-89 || 514-2 | 53-6 || 754-6

20 0 20-82 || 507-5 | 43-2 ||818-9 | 43-5 20 O 16-43 514-5 | 53-4 || 794.0

22 0 20-52 ||496-4 | 43-1 || 819-4 | 43-5 22% 0 17-88 || 500-3 | 52-0 || 820-2

Oct. 12! 0 0 26-84 |500-7 | 43-8 || 805-5 | 44-0 | Oct. 19 0 O 22-65 ||503-8 | 53-7 || 805-8

2 0 28-17 | 506-8 | 44-9 || 813-0 | 44-7 2 0 24-53 ||516-0 | 56-0 || 786-9

4 0 23-79 ||513-2 | 46-1 || 825-4 | 45-5 4 0 22-08 || 518-8 | 58-3 || 792-9

6 0 23-23 | 515-6 | 47-0 ||814-9 | 46-0 G20 18-12 || 512-8 | 58-6 | 813-0

8 0 22.22 |515-4 | 45-9 ||813-7 | 45-5 8 0 19-71 || 512-3 | 58-1 || 816-2

10 O 19-56 || 510-8 | 44-0 ||802-1 | 44-4 10 0 15-69 ||516-8 | 56-8 ||813-8

18 0|| 25 20-70 ||508-1 | 37-7 || 820-8 | 38-9 18 O|| 25 17-98 ||497-1 | 47-7 || 759-3

20 0 20-50 || 504-3 | 36-9 || 826-0 | 38-0 20 0 18-59 ||495-8 | 46-9 || 807-5

22 0 21-24 ||499-5 | 37-1 || 826-8 | 38-0 22 0 19-72 || 490-3 | 46-9 || 826-0

Oct. 13 0 0 28-32 || 500-6 | 39-1 || 821-0 | 39-5 | Oct. 20 0 O 25-95 ||497-2 | 47-8 || 837-4

Br30 30-13 || 513-5 | 42-0 || 835-5 | 41-5 2eLO 25-10 ||511-0 | 49-0 || 836-1

4 0 27-20 ||514-6 | 43-7 || 865-5 | 43-0 4 0 23-40 ||513-8 | 49-7 || 838-2

6 0 23-50 || 513-7 | 43-6 || 848-7 3-0 6 0 22-23 ||514-9 | 49-9 || 833-0

8 0 22-79 || 512-6 | 42-4 || 839-7 | 42.4 Sano 20-65 |\506-4 | 49-5 | 847-1

10 0 22-43 || 512-9 | 41-1 || 833-0 | 41-5 10 0 21-02 ||510-6 | 49-2 || 830-7

18 0|| 25 21-29 | 508-5 | 37-9 || 820-7 | 38-7 18 0} 25 20-47 | 510-3 | 48-0 | 818-4

20 0 20-30 || 512-5 | 37-5 || 524-6 | 38-3 20 0 20-25 ||507-3 | 48-0 || 830-1

22 0 27-29 | 490-3 | 37-9 || 847-7 | 38-5 22 0 21-30 || 503-0 | 48-3 || 836-6

Oct. 14 0 0 28-57 || 502-4 | 40-2 ||841-2 | 40-2 | Oct. 21 0 O 24-00 || 505-9 | 48-9 || 829-8

Pra0 27-98 || 517-0 | 43-6 || 830-7 | 42-5 2 0 24-52 |/509-9 | 50-0 || 828-1

4 0 25-14 ||517-5 | 45-6 || 841-2 | 44-3 4 0 22.42 ||514-4 | 51-5 || 828-4

6 0 22-65 || 518-4 | 46-2 || 839-5 | 45-0 6 0 22-17 ||516-2 | 52-0 || 813-8

8 0 22-72 || 509-9 | 45-0 || 868-5 | 44-5 8 0 21-24 514-9 | 51-1 || 813-3

10 0 17-59 || 501-9 | 43-0 || 832-7 | 43-0 10 0 21-20 |/511-8 | 49-3 || 814-6

Oct. 15 18 0|| 25 21-91 | 504-6 | 34-9 || 814-2 | 36-2 | Oct. 22 18 0} 25 20-77 || 511-1 | 49-9 || 797-4

20 0 23-91 ||494-6 | 34-0 || 827-2 | 35-4 20 O 19-95 || 508-0 | 49-4 | 812-0

22° 0 24-13 || 493-2 | 34-0 || 834-1 | 35-0 22° 10 21-90 ||499-0 | 49-5 || 817-4

Oct. 16 0 0 27-33 || 491-8 | 36-2 ||845-0 | 36-5 | Oct. 23 0 O 26-02 || 504-5 | 50-2 || 808-3

2°40 25-96 ||512-8 | 39-9 || 856-0 | 39-3 2 0 25:87 ||510-8 | 51-2 || 816-4

4 0 25-25 ||519-9 | 42-9 || 860-0 | 41-7 4 0 22-25 ||514-2 | 51-7 || 823-1

6 0 22-36 || 520-3 | 43-3 || 858-4 | 42-4 6 0 22-05 ||515-8 | 51-3 || 805-5

8 0 20-72 || 521-0 | 42-7 || 828-5 | 42-0 8 0 21-33 | 515-1 | 51-1 |) 807-1

10 0 12:36 || 549-3 | 41-5 || 828-9 | 41-5 10 O 20-77 ||513-1 | 51-2 || 810-8

18 0O|| 25 21-88 ||508-4 | 38-7 || 844-6 | 39-4 18 0] 25 20-25 ||514-6 | 49-3 || 800-8

20 0 24-60 || 494-3 | 38-5 || 841-9 | 39-2 20 O 19-40 || 508-9 | 48-7 || 814-2

22 0 24-01 || 497-9 | 38-3 || 840-3 | 39-0 22 0 19-55 ||496-0 | 48-4 || 818-6

Oct. 17 0 0 24-89 ||495-9 | 38-5 ||846-4 | 39-0 | Oct. 24 0 0 26-86 ||502-7 | 48-6 || 809-9

2 0 18-41 || 492-4 | 39-3 | 901-7 | 39-7 2 0 28-14 || 503-9 | 48-6 | 819-3

4 0 25-32 || 508-5 | 39-1 || 884-6 | 39-5 4 0 23-13 ||508-5 | 48-0 || 831-9

6 0 22-25 || 507-3 | 39-0 || 889-7 | 39-5 6 0 21-67 ||514-3 | 47-1 || 813-4

8 0 22-67 || 507-6 | 38-9 || 855-6 | 39-3 8 0 21-13 || 512-0 | 46-2 || 812-4

10 0 22-58 ||512-3 | 38-3 || 843-6 | 39-0 10 0 19-95 || 506-7 | 45-1 || 821-9

18 0] 25 22-32 || 500-3 | 34-9 || 833-0 | 36-0 18 O}| 25 19-65 ||510-9 | 40-2 || 825.2

20 O 20-90 ||494-7 | 34-1 || 846-6 | 35-4 20 0 20-90 ||508-5 | 39-6 || 827-6

22 0 20:77 ||494-8 | 34-2 || 851-6 | 35-6 22 0 22-57 ||496-2 | 39-3 || 833.3

Oct. 18 0 0 24-67 ||494-7 | 36-8 || 837-9 | 36-8 | Oct. 25 0 0 24-86 | 504-3 | 41-0 || 827-5

2 0 27-50 || 518-5 | 42-0 || 830-6 | 41-7 2 0 25-65 ||511-0 | 43-6 || 820.7

4 0 24.52 ||521-8 | 45-9 || 827-0 | 45-0 4 0 23-00 || 514-0 | 46-1 || 842-6

6 0 23-00 ||519.6 | 49-0 || 832-8 | 47-8 6 0 23-28 ||517:6 | 47-2 || 840-1

8 0 23-29 ||514-9 | 48-2 |) 832-7 | 47-7 8 0 21-11 ||515-3 | 46-2 || 820-4

10 0 16-11 | 518-9 | 49-9 | 816-5 | 49-8 10 O 20-34 ||510-9 | 44-9 || 820-8

DECLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—Oct. 144.14, 97°; 174 23h, 100° ; 184 94, 110°;* 194 23, 93°.+
BIriLak. k=0:0001205. BALance. k=0:000013 approximately.

* Oct. 184 0h—8h, Magnet with short scale in the Declinometer box.
+ Oct. 194 22h_254 22, Magnet with short scale in the Declinometer box.

Daity OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, OcTOBER 25—NoveEMBER 7. 1843. 23

Gottingen Birivar. BALANCE. Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE.
_ Mean Time of DECLINA- Mean Time of DECLINA-
Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo Declination TION, Cor- /Thermo-| Cor- |Thermo:
- Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter.
: pies ome ey Sc. Diy. ° Mie. Div.| © Tris S| Se. Diy. ° Mie. Diy.| °
Det. 25 18 O}| 25 19-18 ||513-9 | 39-6 ||S15-3 | 40-8 | Nov. 1 2 O/]] 25 23-64 511-7 | 38-3 || 847-5 | 38-4
20 O 24-82 || 507-6 | 38-8 || 808-5 | 40-8 4 0 20-77 ||517-8 | 41-0 || 849-4 | 40-4
j 22 0 21-97 || 497-5 | 38-7 || 824.7 | 39-6 6 0 18-89 ||517-8 | 41-9 || 832-0 | 41-2
Oct. 26 0 O 25-27 ||493-4 | 40-1 || 853-8 | 40-6 8 0 18-59 ||515-7 | 41-4 | 828-8 | 41-0
2 +0 26-28 || 507-9 | 42-9 || 848-7 | 42-5 10 O 14:42 ||514-5 | 40-2 | 829-0 | 40-5
‘ peer ee zee epee!) G2-90 Byp-6 | 440 18 0|| 25 17-07 ||511-6 | 37-7 | 811-2 | 38-5
: 6 0 19-26 |}498-8 | 45-2 || 920-7 | 44-5 ra .
20 0 18-21 ||509-1 | 37-3 || 821-1 | 38-0
8 0 20-34 || 508-3 | 44-6 || 861-7 | 44.3 99 19.29 |I5 3 31 3
0 0 1-14 |/507-2 | 42-4 || 834.1 | 42.9 sero Obpiel) 27 20) Sols | 38°
23 0 20-20 || 506-4 | 37-5 || 832-3 | 38-1
Bieber cores sdanlaese | seal Nor)2 0 +0 24-80 | 510-5 | 38-3 | 829-6 | 38-6
2 0 25-24 ||517-6 | 40-6 | 830-7 | 40.4
0 20-13 || 504-1 | 35-2 || 823-8 | 36-7 Ba
4 0 22-85 || 523-5 | 42-0 | 822-7 | 41-5
0 19-93 || 493-8 | 35-0 || 839-2 | 36-1 a =
6 0 22-00 || 525-3 | 42-6 | $17.9 | 42-1
0 25-90 || 493-9 | 36-5 || 850-1 | 37-0 D
8 0 20-13 ||510-3 | 42-6 | 834-9 | 42-3
Binek ea £0 alae) 22-b@ i ae7-8 | 39:8 10 ol 17.07 |511-6 | 42-4 | 830.2 | 42-5
0 20-40 || 507-6 | 41-3 || 877-8 | 40-8 ¥
0 19-84 |/510-3 | 41-9 | 861-5 | 41-4 18 0O|| 25 21-98 || 508-4 | 38-0 | 783-9 | 39.3
0 20-87 || 512-9 | 41-8 || 846-7 | 41-5 20 0 24-11 || 507-8 | 37-6 || 797-6 | 38-6
0 19-93 || 510-6 | 41-0 || 835-0 | 41-0 22 0 21-10 || 498-0 | 37-2 | 825-5 | 38-3
23 0 24-94 || 495-0 | 37-2 || 821-2 | 38.2
0} 25 20-03 || 511-1 | 40-7 ||834-6 | 41:0 | Nov. 3 0 O 26-45 ||493-5 | 37-5 || 837-7 | 38-3
0 20-57 || 511-0 | 41-1 || 833-0 | 41-1 2.0 25-51 || 503-7 | 38-3 || 859-6 | 38-8
0 20-82 || 502-3 | 42-0 || 835-2 | 42-0 4 0 22-33 ||512-6 | 39-9 || 855-0 | 40-0
0 20-90 || 502-0 | 42-6 || 825-9 | 42-5 6 0 21-28 || 514-4 | 40-6 || 840-8 | 40-5
0 23-29 {1495-3 | 43-0 || 830-1 | 42-9 8 0 13-71 ||517-6 | 40-6 || 836-5 | 40-5
0 23-93 ||508-9 | 44-0 || 828-3 | 43-6 10 0 21-05 ||/510-2 }) 40-2 || 832-6 | 40-3
Bee 22 an abe 2 tl e470 Sab" | 4-2 18 0|| 25 19-89 |514-2 | 41.8 | 816-2 | 41-7
0 20-63 ||516-5 | 44.4 || 827-5 | 44-1 i
20 0 20-48 ||/513-5 | 42-9 || 820-2 | 42.9
0 20-57 ||515-0 | 44-0 || 824-1 | 44-0 22 0 20-70 035 44.0 819-5 3
o| 18-75 |/512-9 | 43-3. || g20-8 | 43-5 side | eRe ot) 2% a) aes
23 0 23-76 ||505-8 | 44-8 ||816-7 | 44-5
0|| 25 19-39 || 506-2 | 37-5 ||s20-9 | 38-9 Nov. 4 0 0 25:54 ||506-4 | 45-7 || 823-9 | 45.4
Pig 24:77 || 522-7 | 47-8 || 814-4 | 47.0
0 18-60 || 507-4 | 36-7 || 830-3 | 38-0 =
4 0 21-95 ||521-8 | 49-7 || 805-2 | 48-5
0 19-83 || 495-4 | 36-3 || 841-3 | 37-5
6 0 21-78 ||517-2 | 49-9 || 793-3 | 49-0
0 23-32 ||495-0 | 36-1 || 830-2 | 37-4
8 0 21-84 || 518-1 | 49-7 | 789-2 | 48-9
Eee eee aiden SUS e) S87 | 37-4 10 0|| 20-56 |/512-1 | 48-8 | 798.2 | 48.4
0 27-36 || 497-2 | 36-7 || 851-5 | 37-5
0 25-92 ||507-1 | 36-9 || 873-3 | 37-5 | Nov. 5 18 0|| 25 20-60 || 512-2 | 46-2 ||801-8 | 46-3
0 21-37 || 510-1 | 37-0 || 864-2 | 37-6 20 0 20-50 || 511-0 | 46-8 || 801-3 | 46-5
0 22-62 || 511-0 | 37-3 || 851-3 | 37-8 22 0 23-19 || 506-4 | 47-3 || 801-3 | 47-0
0 17-76. || 507-3 | 37-7 || 854-1 | 38-0 23 0 25-78 ||505-8 | 47-8 ||801-0 | 47-5
Nov. 6 0 0 27-91 || 507-4 | 48-6 || 805-1 | 48-0
0|| 25 19-39 || 512-4 | 37-5 || 826-8 | 38-0 20 27-87 ||514-2 | 49-6 || 812-1 | 49.0
0 20-07 ||507-8 | 37-0 || 836-9 | 37-6 4 0 23.90 || 511-2 | 50-9 || 816-2 | 50-0
0 21-28 ||498-0 | 36-7 || 842-8 37-4 6 0 20-70 ||515-6 | 51-0 || 800-3 | 50-0
0 27-70 || 491-7 | 37-0 || 840-4 | 37-5 8 0 20-10 ||514-4 | 49-9 || 792-1 | 49-4
0 26-79 || 500-4 | 38-3 || 841-4 | 38-5 10 O 18-62 ||509-9 | 48-4 || 795-3 | 48.4
0 23-93 ||511-7 | 41-8 || 841-9 | 41-0 4
0 18-86 ||513-8 | 44-6 || 846.2 | 43-5 20 0 19-63 508-8 | 46-1 796-9 | 46-3
0 12.27 {1525.2 | 43.4 || 823.0 | 43-0 22 0 19-68 || 502-0 | 46-0 | 803-8 | 46-2
0 17-88 ||509-3 | 41-7 || 824-4 | 42.0 23 0 21-24 || 497-9 | 46-3 || 810-8 | 46-5
Nov. 7 0 0 23-24 |'501-8 | 47-0 | 808-2 | 47-0
0 || 25 16-85 || 508-7 | 36-6 || 800-3 | 37-7 ZF 10 24-82 || 513-6 | 48-7 | 810-1 | 48-3
0 17-96 || 507-1 | 36-0 || 809-7 | 37-0 4 0 24:53 || 509-2 | 49-8 || 822-9 | 49-0
0 17-14 ||503-3 | 35-7 || 831-7 | 36-7 6- 10 20-72 || 509-9 | 49-3 || 826-1 | 48-8
9 19-54 |/498-1 | 35-9 || 842-7 | 36-8 8 0 20-45 || 511-2 | 48-0 ||814-6 | 47-9
0 21-98 || 503-2 | 36-3 || 844-0 | 37-0 10 0 18-59 || 507-0 | 46-7 || 806-2 | 46-9

DECLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—Oct. 252 236, 111°; 314 14, 108°; Nov. 14 23}%, 109°.
Brrivar. k=0-0001205. BaLance. k=0:000013 approximately.

24 DAILy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, NOVEMBER 7— 20. 1843. |

Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. Gottingen Biritar. BALANCE, |
Mean Time of DECLINA- Mean Time of DECLINA- ; 4
Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo- Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-| Cor- |Thermo-4.
Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter,
dad oh ™. ° e Se. Div. ~ Mie. Div. m. a 4 I sc. Div. = Mie. Div. °
Noy. 7 18 0]| 25 20-55 || 508-2 | 43-1 || 807-4 0|| 25 19-15 || 508-2 | 41-0 || 849-2 | 41-4
20 0 19-84 ||505-7 | 42-2 |/811-8 0 20:40 |\515-8 | 43-0 || 865-3 | 42-9
22 0 18-28 501-3 | 41-7 || 811-7 0 17-79 513-4 | 43-6 ||864-8 | 43-4 |
23 0 19-77 ||501-0 | 41-7 || 813-0 0 17-23 510-2 | 42-9 || 865-6 | 43-0
Nov. 8 0 0 21-05 || 503-6 | 42-0 || 812-5 0 15-09 || 503-8 | 41-8 || 869-2 | 42-0 |
BoeO ebeks GOSH | Se eee 35 || 25 17-40 | 506-7 | 38-6 | 865-2 | 39-2 |
4 0 29.62 || 510-0 | 43-6 || 833-2 :
; 0 18-13 || 503-5 | 38-3 || 867-1 | 39-0 |
6 0 18-37 ||512-2 | 43-0 |) 823-1 ;
0 17-19 || 504-6 | 38-2 ||870-2 | 38-8 }
8 0 18-42 || 508-6 | 41-8 || 822.4 18.45 302.0 | 381 860-5 | 38-80
10 0 15-45 ||499-7 | 40-1 || 830-0 = 3 PL ; ‘So
0 20-08 || 503-3 | 38-2 | 860-3 | 38-9 |
18 0]| 25 19-95 ||501-0 | 36-2 | 804-6 0 22.99 ||510-4 | 38-7 || 868-6 | 39-0
20 0 20-92 || 511-3 | 35-6 || 795-6 0 20-48 | 507-9 | 38-9 || 884-0 | 39-4 —
22 0 19:05 williicenese oil ieenso 810-8 0 20-43 ||507-5 | 39-1 || 873-0 | 39-5
23 0 Tico | | rises Sel eis 814.9 0 15-49 || 508-2 | 39-8 ||880-0 | 40-1 }
Nov. 9 0 0 23-77 || 456-0 | 36-4 || 814-1 0 19-53 |/511-7 | 40-0 |859-5 | 40-5
2 0 22:07 || 462-6 | 37-2 | 827-8 0] 25 18-15 ||511-6 | 38-0 | 842-7 | 38-5 |
4 0 19-95 ||466-0 | 38-6 | 837-1 We
0 19-15 | 504-9 | 37-5 || 863-6 | 38-0
6 0 19-12 || 465-4 | 38.8 || 829-7 ;
0 19-29 || 504-8 | 37-1 || 858-7 | 37-7
8 0 18-37 ||465-4 | 38-3 || 824-8
= ars 17.90 464.1 | 380 |s20.0 0 19-80 ||502-7 | 37-1 || 859-8 | 37-7
; 5 ‘ j 0 20:94 || 504-6 | 37-2 | 858-3 | 37-8
18 16|| 25 18-26 ||466-1 | 37-2 || 815-5 0 21-21 ||507-6 | 37-8 | 855-9 | 38.2
20 0 18-35 || 466-1 | 37-3 || 818-7 0 20-63 || 513-4 | 38-6 || 865-7 | 38-9
22 0 18-95 ||460-0 | 37-7 || 824-5 0 21-98 || 512-8 | 38-9 || 864-9 | 39-0
23 0 19-70 ||460-5 | 37-9 || 824-1 0 15-86 || 505-3 | 38-8 || 877-8 | 39-0—
Noy.10 0 0 20-51 ||462-6 | 38-2 |818-7 0 15-19 || 504-5 | 38-8 || 882-3 | 39-2
BORON 6 koe NGS Nee leer 0| 25 19-86 | 509-7 | 40.5 | 846-0 | 40.6
4 0 19-98 ||465-3 | 39-6 || 838-5
0 17-86 ||511-7 | 41-8 || 849-5 | 41-6)
6 0 20-08 || 467-0 | 39-9 || 831-6
0 19-06 ||508-9 | 42-9 || 852-5 | 42-8
8 0 18-37 ||505-2t| 42-4 || 828-0 0 90.41 (509-0 | 43-7 850-3 | 43-9
10 0 18-07 ||507-0 | 41-9 |/811-2 ; i ;
0 21-02 | 509-2 | 46-0 || 861-5 | 45-0 |
18 0|| 25 16-87 ||510-4 | 40-8 || 808.4 0 21-35 515-7 | 46-3 || 859-3 | 45.3 |
20 0 17-62 || 508-9 | 41-3 || 810-8 0 19-71 |/519-1 | 48.2 || 854-2 | 46.4
22 0 19-61 ||501-7 | 41-9 || 818-3 0 18-65 ||516-7 | 47-0 || 851-4 | 46-3
23 0 19-95 500-8 | 42-1 || 815-9 0 19-15 ||514-5 | 45-8 | 852-3 | 45-5
Nov.11 0 0 21-05 ||501-9 | 42-7 || 818-5 0 16-71 || 514-4 | 44-7 || 853-3 | 45-0.
oka eee ee ee eee 0} 25 18-16 || 509-8 | 41-0 | 846-1 | 41-7
4 0 20-90 ||507-7 | 44-9 || 814-4 ‘|
0 18-01 | 509-0 | 40-1 || 849-0 | 41-0
6 0 19-08 ||503-2 | 45.0 || 818-7 ;
0 19-09 || 507-2 | 39-8 || 852-4 | 40.
8 0 18-82 || 505-2 | 45-0 || 817-8 5 20.20 | 507.3 | 39.8 | 840-7 | 40
10 0] 16-27 ||506-8 | 44-7 | 816-5 peeled eee a
0 21-58 |/510-8 | 40-0 || 844-0 | 40.
Nov. 12 18 0|| 25 18-86 ||509-5 | 40-9 | 804.4 0 21-91 ||515-4 | 40-9 || 848-9 | 41.
20 0 17-88 || 520-7 | 40-9 || 803-7 0| 21.04 |518-4 | 42-0 852-9 | 42.0
22 0 18-63 || 501-3 | 41-0 | 802-8 0 21-21 ||513-6 | 42-0 | 858-8 | 420°
23 0 19-31 ||503-0 | 41-1 |] ------ 0 19-89 | 510-0 | 41-4 | 874-1 | 41-7 |
Noy.13 0 0 21-91 || 507-4 | 41-6 |] ----+ 0 17-91 || 509-7 | 40-7 || 865-2 | 41-0 |
2 eeu awedaee and as. 0 | 25 19:60 | 515-7 | 40-9 | 840-1 | 41-
4 0 24-80 || 500-7 | 45-7 || ------ x 2 5
0 18-25 ||514-7 | 41-1 || 844-8 | 41-5
6 0 23-23 1511-8 | 46-0 || ------
0 18-28 ||510-4 | 41-3 || 846-6 | 41:
ste 15-30 502-6 | 45-3 | «-.--- 510-3 | 41-7 || 845-3 | 42
10 0 16-87 || 504-1 | 45-0 || 805-0 4 peat ps f
0 21-15 || 512-3 | 41-9 || 838-4 | 42
18 0|| 25 18-37 || 502-0 | 40-0 | 833-6 0 21-34 |\515-8 | 42-0 || 844.4 | 421
20 0 18-56 505-4 | 39-1 ||837-7 0 19-67 ||518-2 | 42-9 || 851-1 | 424
22 0 20-62 ||501-4 | 38-6 || 842-0 0 19-29 ||519-6 | 42.9 || 843.2 | 43:
23 7 20-11 || 501-4 | 38-6 || 831-9 0) 19-02 ||517-1 | 42-3 || 841-7 | 42
Noy. 14 0 0 22-87 || 503-4 | 38-9 || 827-0 0| 18-48 515-6 | 41-8 || 844-3 | 420°

DECLINATION. ‘Torsion remoyed, circle reading,—Nov. 74 21%, 114°; 134 235,117; 154 15, 108}°.||
Birivar. kt=0-0001300. BaLANcE. kt=0:000014 approximately.

Noy. 74 22h—154 0b, Magnet with short scale in the Declinometer box. rd

_ * Noy. 8d 22h, Bifilar magnet removed for the purpose of determining its temperature correction ; a spare magnet was substituted, and the instrument ad-—

justed, the value of k being 0-0002263. ‘
t Nov. 104 8h, Bifilar re-adjusted ; observation made at 8h 40m,
1 Noy. 124 23h—134 10h. Balance magnet removed for the purpose of determining its temperature correction.
| Noy. 144 2b, Detlecting magnet vibrated in the Declinometer box.

i

. d.
Nov. 20

Nov. 21 0

Datty OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, NOVEMBER 20—DECEMBER 2. 1843.

Gottingen

‘Mean Time of

Declination

_ Observation.

h.
18
20
22
23

2

Nov. 22 0

Jov.23 0

bar.

BIFILaR. BALANCE, Gottingen
Deciina- |__| ———_———_}_ Mean Time of Drciina-
TION. Cor- |Thermo-|) Cor- |Thermo- Declination TION.
rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation.
: 4 Se. Div. 0 | Mie. Diy. es hye an, 2) ,

25 19-87 ||518-2 | 41-0 |831-9 | 41-5 | Nov.27 2 0|| 25 20-54
18-35 |}516-4 | 41-1 || 835-5 | 41-5 4 0) 19-02
17-34 || 513-5 | 41-3 | 839-9 | 41-6 6 0 18-41
19-20 ||}513-9 | 41-7 | 836-1 | 42-0 8 0 18-38
20-95 1516-2 | 42-3 || 835-9 | 42-5 10 0 17-86
20:82 |/518-5 | 43-9 ||845-6 | 43-8
19:89 |519-0 | 44-5 | 845-6 | 44-2 aa cee
19-26 ||516-3 | 44-0 || 851-5 | 44-1 22 0 17-41
14-28 ||507-3 | 43-8 || 864-0 | 44-0 23 (0 18-21
17:81 ||512-5 | 43-6 || 847-9 | 43-9 0 0 19-63

25 19-17 ||516-6 | 46-3 || 835-8 | 46-0 2 0 20-88
18-55 ||516-7 | 46-2 | 830-8 | 46-0 4 0 21-14
18-95 ||513-4 | 46-1 | 829-8 | 46-0 6 0 20-54
19-83 ||513-1 | 46-0 || 825-1 | 46-0 8 0 17-94
21-82 1514-5 | 46-1 || 822-3 | 46-2 10 0 17-20
21-91 ||512-8 | 46-0 || 834-2 | 46-0
19-26 [514-4 | 45-8 | 845-9 | 46.0 Bor Ne? gee
19-02 ||515-4 | 45-2 | 846-5 | 45-5 22 9 18-48
18-41 ||514-0 | 44-1 ||841-2 | 44-7 23 «0 19-81
18-12 ||513-9 | 43-0 ||840-7 | 43-9 0 0 20-75

25 16-10 ||515-8 | 39-0 || 836-1 | 40-0 2 0 19-93
18-90 }}511-2 | 38-8 | 831-1 | 39-5 4 0 20-54
19-46 ||507-0 | 38-7 || 840-2 | 39-4 6 0 17-85
20-34 || 504-5 | 38-6 || 834-7 | 39-2 8 0 16-67
21-55 |/508-0 | 38-6 || 832-8 | 39-1 10 0 16-44
20-54 || 508-6 | 38-9 || 855-7 | 39-5
21-41 |/511-6 | 39.0 | 859-0 | 39-5 ait oll ae
18-46 ||514-6 | 39-0 || 859-5 | 39-5 22 0 18-65
17-12 ||513-1 | 38-9 || 851-7 | 39-4 23 0 19-29
16-71 || 513-2 | 38-7 || 852-9 | 39-1 Nov. 30 0 0 19-37

25 18-21 || 514-8 | 35-8 || 837-9 | 36-5 2 0 18-65
17-29 ||512-3 | 35-0 || 837-7 | 36-0 4 0 17-20
17:34 ||510-4 | 34-7 ||835-7 | 35-5 6 0 17-27
19-19 ||512-9 | 34-9 || 828-0 | 35-5 8 0 14-25
21-58 ||516-6 | 35-3 || 826-8 | 36-0 10 0 16-70
21-17 || 524-5 | 38-6 || 843-9 | 39-1
21-41 |/519-4 | 43.2 | 869.0 | 43.4 AM eee)
19-89 ||524-0 | 44-9 ||857-5 | 44-9 2 0 18-55
19-86 ||519-4 | 47-0 | 865-0 | 47-5 23 0 21-78
16-71 ||523-0 | 51-4 || 858-6 | 52-2 Dee ar toro 92-11

25 17-81 || 521-9 | 55-3 || 848-3 | 57-0 2 0 19-74
17-89 || 522-8 | 55-8 ||838-2 | 57-5 4 0 21-28
18-46 ||516-2 | 55-6 ||837-8 | 57-0 6 0 17-67
19-60 ||512-8 | 55-0 || 839-1 | 57-0 8 0 13-98
20-63 ||510-7 | 54-7 || 848-9 | 56-5 10 0 10-31
20-40 || 514-4 | 54-6 || 854-9 | 56-8
19-39 |[517-3 | 54-8 | 860-1 | 56-7 Bae pit ames
18-38 ||518-5 | 53-9 || 866-8 | 55-9 22 0 17-88
18-41 ||519-3 | 54-2 || 859-6 | 56-5 23 0 21-31
17-91 ||516-9 | 54-0 || 863-6 | 56-3 Dee 210. 0 93.29

25 17-91 ||521-0 | 48-7 || 844-7 | 48-7 2 0 25-75
18-05 ||519-2 | 48-9 || 847-6 | 48-9 4 0 23-73
18-01 ||516-3 | 49-0 | 844-2 | 49-0 6 0 19-24
19-22 ||515-0 | 49-1 || 838-8 | 49-0 8 0 18-45
20-34 |/516-8 | 51-3 ||839-6 | 49-5 10 0 17-88

DECLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—Nov. 234 1h, 112}°; 294 14, 116}°.
BiFiLaR, k=0-0001300.

MAG. AND MET. ops. 1843.

H

25
BIFILAR. BALANCE.
Cor- |Thermo-| Cor- |Thermo-

rected. | meter. || rected. | meter.
Se. Div. Pe Mie. Div.
520-2 | 52-2 || 844-1 | 50-0
518-1 | 51-9 || 843-9 | 50-1
516-6 | 50-7 || 841-7 | 49-9
516-6 | 50-0 || 837-2 | 49-6
515-1 | 49-5 || 840-5 | 49-5
516-2 | 48-4 || 833-9 | 48-5
517-7 | 48-3 | 831-2 | 48-5
512-9 | 48-2 || 839-0 | 48-5
512-1 | 48-2 || 837-5 | 48-5
512-3 | 48-2 || 836-9 | 48-5
515-9 | 48-2 || 840-1 | 48-7
512-6 | 48-3 | 851-0 | 48-7
508-4 | 48-3 || 862-3 | 48-5
511-5 | 48-2 880-9 | 48-7
511-3 | 48-3 || 866-0 | 49-0
517-5 | 47-4 || 836-7 | 47-0
515-6 | 47-0 || 840-0 | 46-8
509-0 | 46:6 || 842-5 | 46-4
511-5 | 46-4 || 836-6 | 46-4
511-2 | 46-3 || 837-5 | 46-5
512-1 | 46-6 ||848-1 | 47-3
508-5 | 47-3 || 859-6 | 48-0
516-3 | 47-6 || 851-8 | 47-5
515-3 | 47-0 || 846-3 | 46-9
515-0 | 46-3 || 846-0 | 45-9
515-1 | 42-3 1837-8 | 41-2
511-7 | 41-5 || 844-2 | 40-5
509-4 | 41-0 || 850-1 | 40-4
511-3 | 40-8 || 845-6 | 40-6
511-8 | 40-8 || 849.4 | 40:8
514-9 | 40-9 || 847-3 | 41-1
516-6 | 41-4 || 846.9 | 42-0
516-3 | 42-2 ||845-7 | 43-3
515-9 | 43-0 || 850-2 | 44.2
514-2 | 44-0 || 850-6 | 45-0
513-0 | 43-7 ||832-3 | 43-5
517-9 | 42-9 831-2 | 42-5
507-0 | 42:0 ||836-9 | 41-5
508-2 | 41-8 || 841-9 | 41-3
510-0 | 41-3 || 844-0 | 41-0
511-7 | 40-9 || 852-4 | 40-8
511-1 | 40-6 | 856-8 | 40-6
506-2 | 40-2 ||875-7 | 40-3
508-9 | 39-9 || 872-1 | 39-5
507-9 | 39-0 || 868-1 | 38-5
513-0 | 36-0 || 838-1 | 35-5
515-6 | 35-7 ||835-5 | 35-3
503-9 | 35-6 || 845-4 | 35-8
501-5 | 35-7 ||848-5 | 36-3
505-1 | 36-0 || 848-8 | 36-9
496-8 | 37-3 || 879-4 | 39-6
512-5 | 38-6 || 887-5 | 39-9
517-0 | 39-7 || 869-3 | 40-9
515-2 | 40-4 || 855-2 | 41-5
514-6 | 40-8 || 851-2 | 41-6

BaLance. k=0:000014 approximately.

.

‘Nov. 274184. The temperature of the Bifilar magnet, after this, is obtained from a thermometer with its bulb resting in a cup in a

26 DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, DECEMBER 3—15. 1843.

Gottingen BIFivar. | BaLaNncer. Gottingen BIFILAR. Bauancr. |
Mean Time of DECLINA- Mean Time of DECLINA- |
Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|) Cor- |Thermo Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-| Cor- |Thermo4
Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. meter, |
ie id, ei x ° ‘ Se. Diy a Mice. Div. ° @ oh. -m 2 { Se. Div. £ Mic. Div. °
Dec. 318 0] 25 18-68 | 517-8 | 45-9 | 817-3 | 46-5 }|Dec. 9 2 O|| 25 24-38 | 516-3 | 46-0 | 834.2 46-5 |
20 0 20-14 515-1 | 46-0 || 820-1 | 47-0 4 0 21-98 || 520-0 | 46-3 || 843-4 | 47.0 |
22°10 19-80 || 513-3 | 46-6 || 820-6 | 47-2 6 0 22-36 || 512-2 | 46-7 | 853-7 | 47.0
23 0 19-29 ||513-7 | 46-7 || 817-7 | 47-5 8 0 9-84 | 527-3 | 46-7 || 852-5 | 47.0
Dec. 4 0 O 20-47 |/511-9 | 46-8 ||818-0 | 47-5 10 0 18-15 || 510-4 | 46-9 || 849-0 | 47.7 |
2 0 21-44 |/513-7 | 47-3 || 825-4 | 48-3 : fi 5 dl 99
4 0 19-53 513-2 | 47-8 ||s30.8 | 48.5 | Dee: 10 a a a Tee Ae tea ae tna
6 0 18-03 5I4eL 48-0 || 829-3 | 48-7 22 0 20:99 | 501-9 | 46-2 || 821.8
8 0 17-61 | 513-9 | 48-0 || 829.6 | 48.5 23 (0 21-86 | 514-0 | 46.2 || 821-5
10 0 17-38 511-5 48-0, 837-8 48-5 Dec. yal 0 0 23-19 511-2 46.2 832-]
18 0] 25 18-92 | 517-5 | 47-8 || 823.3 | 48.2 200 23-44 ||515-3 | 46-7 || 841-8
20 0 18-05 || 517-8 | 47-9 || 824-8 | 48.2 4 0 23-16 | 517-7 | 47-1 || 852-5
22 0 18-41 || 514-8 | 47-9 || 822.5 | 48-2 640 22-72 || 513-1 | 47-6 || 869-3
23 0] 19-31 | 508-9 | 47.9 || 823-3 | 48-5 8 0 6:05 || 530-6 | 47-9 || 867-9
Dec. 5 0 0 20-50 ||510-7 | 48-0 || 824-5 | 48-5 10 O 19-34 | 510-6 | 48-0 || 852.5
2 0 22-63 || 514-0 | 48-2 |) 841-1 | 48-9 18 0|| 25 21-29 || 505-7 | 47-7 || 826-1
4 0 22-89 ||512-6 | 48-3 || 843-5 | 49-0 i
6 0] 17-94 512-5 | 48.2 || 850.2 | 48-5 Fae) eel en tae
8 0 17-64 507-4 | 47-9 | 854-3 | 47-7 22 Ol, BROE We eee] gee ee
io | opull eda tae 23 0 20-97 || 512-9 | 47.1 | 830-3
] 17-95 || 509-5 | 47-1 853-9 | 46-7 Dec. 12 0 0 23-93 511-9 | 47-0 || 835-0
18 0} 25 19-86 | 514-9 | 44-1 || 839.3 | 43-7 2m 10 27-87 | 510-7 | 47-0 | 851-8
20 0 20-45 1515-0 | 43-9 || 839-8 | 43-5 4 0 21-98 || 515-7 | 47-0 || 887-4
22 0 21-32 512-4 | 43.6 1841-5 | 43-4 6 0 14-78 | 517-4 | 47-1 || 869-9
23 0 24-74 ||508-5 | 43-5 || 846-0 | 43.4 8 0 16:55 || 506-2 | 47-3 || 871-1
Dec. 6 0 O 24-57 ||511-0 | 43-4 || 847.2 | 43.5 10 0 19-39 | 513-9 | 47-3 || 826-1
2 0 25-58 513-0 | 43-6 853-0 | 44-0 18 0 25 20-60 515-0 | 47-0 832-0
cu!) 22-62 | 516-2 | 44-0 || 857-8 | 44.7 20 0 21-10 || 514-3 | 47-0 || 839.3
6 0 20-23 || 516-7 | 44-2 | 850-0 | 44-8 se” '9 20-60 |512-9 | 47.0 | 838.8
8 0 19-37 511-8 | 44-3 |/ 852.0 | 44.7 ran 21-41 1512-9 | 47.0 || 835-9
10 0 19-15 || 502-2 | 44.5 850-2 | 45-0 Dec. 13 0 0 22.22 |1513.5 | 46-9 || 839.5
18 0} 25 17-88 || 520-5 | 44.2 || 816-1 | 44-7 2-0 22:99 || 514-9 | 46-9 || 838-0
20 0 19-87 |516-0 | 44.3 || 827-8 | 44.9 4 0 21-84 || 518-8 | 46-9 || 846-6
22) 30 20-70 ||514-2 | 44.5 || 839.8 | 45-0 6 0 20-61 | 517-3 | 46-9 || 846-5
23 0 21-68 511-4 | 44-6 || 830-2 | 45-3 Seo 13-62 | 504-8 | 468 || 881-4
Dec. 7 0 O 23-26 |1512-1 | 44.7 |1831-2 | 45-5 10 0 21-28 | 512-6 | 46-9 || 849.7
2 0} 22-50 517-8 |.45-0 || 837-2 | 46-0 18 0] 25 21-17 |514-8 | 46-9 || 839.4
4 0 20-60 518-0 | 45-8 843-6 | 46-5 20 25 91-55 511-8 | 47-0 835-8
6 0 20-75 518-4 | 47-3 || 838.9 | 47-3 2 0 21-35 1512.5 | 47-1. 1835.9
8 0 20-34 || 515-6 | 47-0 || 832.4 | 48-0 23 0 22-13 |1511-4 | 47.0 |1834.6
19 0}! 25 19-89 | 518-8 | 47-0 819-4 | 47-0 a) 21-95 || 513-5 | 48-2 || 844-1
20 40 20-50 517-5 | 46-8 |1829.6 | 46-8 4 0 20-74 || 517-5 | 48-2 || 845.7
22 0 20-61 1514-6 | 46-6 || 821-3 | 46.5 Gino 18-82 || 517-0 | 47-9 || 843-3
23 0 22-11 1515-7 | 46-4 |1817-1 | 46-5 8 0 20-13 || 517-5 | 47-8 || 842-8
Dec. 8 0 O 22.80 1515-7 | 46-4 || 823-7 | 46-5 10 0 17-24 | 513-6 | 47-9 | 839.3
2 CO} 22-35 [507-5 | 46-5 829.1 | 46-8 18 0] 25 19-60 | 517-3 | 48-9 | 826-5
4 0| 23-86 511-2 | 46-6 850-1 | 47-0 20 0 19-81 517-9 | 49-4 || 829.3
6 0 25-14 ||510-6 | 46-6 ||874-8 | 47-0 ap 20.48 | 514.6 | 49.8 || 833-3
8 0 17-88 | 502-8 | 46-7 || 947-9 | 47-2 Beatin 21.05 |513-7 | 49.9 | s342
10 0 8-23 4044 | 46-9 851-2 | 47-4 |. as oo 22.08 |1513.8 | 49-9 || 833-9
18 0] 25 29.55 |1530-7 | 46.3 816-0 | 46-5 250 22-40 | 516-6 | 49-9 | 834-3
20 0 24-24 |1533-2 | 46-1 ||792.0 | 46-5 4 0 21-81 || 516-6 | 49-6 || 846-9
22 0 20-20 | 513-6 | 46-0 ||818-2 | 46-1 (on) 21-01 || 514-8 | 49-0 | 841-0
23 0 21-28 | 513-1 | 45-9 ||813-0 | 46-1 8 0 20-03 || 515-4 | 48-6 || 839.0 | 4
Dee. 9 0 O 22-58 || 512-5 | 45-9 ||826.9 | 46.3 10 0 19-31 | 514-8 | 48-0 | 839-3

DECLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—Dec, 54 34, 113}°, 108°*; 144 3h, 115°,
BiFiwar. k=0-0001300. BALANcE. k=0-000014 approximately.

*Dec, 54 3h, After removing the torsion from the suspension thread of the Declinometer, the magnet, being too near the copper ring,
was wound up a little, and the torsion again removed as above. ti
uses 7419", A mistake in the time of an hour was made this morning, which was not discovered till 8 40™, when an obseryati

was made.

Dec. 14414, Removed the inner box from the Bifilar Magnetometer for comparisons of thermometers. See Introduction.

_ Gottingen

Mean Time of

Declination
Observation.

da oh.
15 18
20
22
23

m.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, DECEMBER 15—28. 1843.

\
DECLINA-
TION.

BIFILAR.

BALANCE.

Cor-
rected,

517-8
519-2
515-9
515-4
515-2
516-9
518-0
517-8
516-8
517-4

520-4
510-8
517-7
516-4
517-6
515-9
517-5
512-2
510-8
516-7

519-1
517-9
519-5
520-0
518-0

Se. Div.

Thermo-
meter,

Cor-
rected.

DECLINATION.

BIFILAR, k=0'0001300.

Dec. 184 Oh—2Qh,

Mie. Diy.

Thermo-}
meter.

Gottingen
Mean Time of
Declination
Observation.

ah.
Dec. 22 2

BIFILAR.

27

BALANCE,

DECLINA-
TION. Cor- |Thermo-
rected. | meter.

Cor-
rected,

Thermo-
meter.

2 y Se. Div.
25 20-10 | 519-7
18-63 | 520-3
18:08 || 520-2

17-59 | 516-6
16:91 | 516-7

17-74 | 521-1
17-24 || 520-6
17-54 || 514-9
18-01 || 515-7
19-26 || 518-1
20-20 | 519-1
18-87 || 520-0
18-60 | 517-4
18-33 | 520-3
16-84 | 517-8

17-49 | 522.3
17:31 || 524-7
17:36 | 520-7
18-68 || 514-9
21-21 || 517-7
20-75 | 518-9
19-56 || 520-0
18-12 | 517-7
18:01 || 517-3
16:60 || 517-0

19-00 | 519-6
17-18 | 521-3
17-85 || 515-7
19-46 || 514-6
20-70 || 514-4
22-47 || 518-8
19-91 | 515-8
19-13 || 517-8
17-88 || 517-8
17-41 | 518-2

16-38 | 521-2
17-83 | 520-8
19-76 | 516-8
21-24 | 510-9
22.65 | 513-5
21-21 | 517-0
19-94 | 518-7
20-81 || 503-1
17-92 || 513-6
17-04 | 514-3

15-14 || 523-6
17-44 || 522-3
24-60 | 511-7
23-07 || 516-5
23-07 | 511-9
23-32 | 506-0
21-41 | 515-3
20-57 | 511-1

17-20 | 514-4

coocoooscosco cocooosooooo cocsoooecoeoceso ccoococooeoocso Socoocooceooeso ooocss

17-11 | 511-0
i

BALANCE,

Torsion removed, circle reading,—Dec. 174 23, 122}°,

k=0:000014 approximately.

Magnet with short scale in the Declinometer.

49-4
49-8
50-3
50-5
50-6

49-9
49-7
49-5
49-4

28 DaAILy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, DECEMBER 28—30. 1843.
Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE,
Mean Time of DECLINA- Mean Time of Drcrina- || ————-———_ H
Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-| Cor- |Thermo: Declination TION. Cor- \Thermo-|| Cor- /Thermo4|
Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | mete:
dé. ham % s Se. Div. 2 Mic. Div. 2 d. h. m. Cs - Se. Div. © Mic. Div. °
Dec. 28 18 0/|| 25 18-41 |/517-1 | 45-3 || 830-8 | 45-7 | Dec. 29 18 O]| 25 18-43 || 519-2 | 46-3 || 823-1 | 46-5 {
20 0 18-06 ||517-5 | 45-2 || 833-0 | 45-7 20 0 18-25 ||518-1 | 46-0 || 824-8 | 46.4 |
22 0 17-78 ||515-7 | 45-3 || 835-4 | 45-7 22 0 19-89 ||512-5 | 46-0 || 835-8 | 46-3 |
23 0 18-55 || 512-7 | 45-3 || 835-0 | 45-8 23 0 17-18 ||516-7 | 46-0 || 836-9 | 46-3
Dec. 29 0 O 18-93 ||513-7 | 45-3 || 837-5 | 45-9 | Dec. 30 0 O 19-17 ||513-6 | 46-0 | 833-8 | 46-4
210 20-99 || 515-8 | 45-8 || 833-8 | 46-3 2 0 21-21 ||511-9 | 46-2 | 844-1 | 46.7
4 0 19-89 ||514:5 | 46-7 || 838-2 | 47-0 4 0 18:82 ||517-6 | 46-3 | 841-3 | 46-8
6 0 19-73 ||516-5 | 46-9 || 835-5 | 47-2 6 0 17-64 ||515-5 | 46-3 | 839-3 | 46-5 |
8 0 19-15 ||512-8 | 46-9 || 842-0 | 47-2 8 0 17-92 || 507-2 | 46-0 | 855-3 | 46-2 |
10 0 12:50 ||508-6 | 46-8 || 837-9 | 47-0 10 0 15-22 ||514-2 | 45-8 || 849-8 | 46.0 |]

DECLINATION. ‘Torsion removed, circle reading,—Jan. 14 3%, 1844, 120}°.
Biritar. k=0:0001300. BaLance. k=0:000014 approximately.

TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS

OF

. MAGNETOMETERS.

MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATORY,
1843.

Br MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843,

30 TreRM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843.

Géttingen JaNuARY 18, 19.
Mean Time z
Dectevation DEcLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE DEcLINA- Biritar | BALANCE DEcLINA- Biritar | BALANCE DEcLINA- Brritar | BaLance}
Observation TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected, }
° e Se. Diy. | Mic. Diy. e bs Sc. Diy. | Mic. Div. ‘ Sc. Div. | Mic. Diy. a u Se. Diy. | Mic. Diy. | \
104, 14, 18h, 20h, |
25 27-36) 533-5 781-8 | 25 27-85| 557-2 753-5 | 25 27-81| 538-5 755-8 | 25 27-78| 532-5 7633)
27-29) 533-6 781-3 27-58 | 537-2 753-9 27-71) 538-4 754-8 28-08| 532-1 | 764-2 |)
26-79 | 533-2 781.7 27-13) 537-3 754-6 27-73 | 538-0 754-8 27-80 | 532-6 761-6 |
26-69 | 533-7 779-7 26:94| 538-1 754-6 27-65 | 538-2 756-4 28-00| 532-3 H
26-66 | 534-2 779-1 27-17| 537-5 755-4 28-05 | 537-9 757-9 27-58} 529-5
26-75 | 533-9 776-0 27-29) 537-5 756-4 28-21) 537-4 758-6 27-71) 530-3
26-80) 534-5 775-4 27-34] 538-3 755-6 28-34] 537-1 759-6 28-17 | 529-8
27-29} 534-5 774-4 27-56 | 538-7 756-2 28-14] 537-4 760-1 28-25 | 529-8
26-91} 534-8 773-6 27-78 | 537-9 756-7 28-27 | 537-3 760-6 28-17 | 529-5
26-75) 534-5 773-1 27-43 | 537-9 757-1 27-96 | 537-9 761-2 27-93 | 529-4
26-28 | 534-3 772-3 27-46 | 537-4 758-2 27-93 | 537-6 760-5 27:93 | 529-4 763-8
26-48 | 534-3 772-8 27-34 | 538-2 757-4 27-40! 538-6 758-2 28-15 | 530-4 7
11h 154, 194, 23h,
25 26-75 | 534-0 773-2 | 25 27-78) 538-4 758-2 | 25 27-73 | 538-5 759-5 | 25 28-62| 528-9
26-86 | 532.2 772-6 28:10) 537-7 758-9 27-67 | 537-8 759-6 28-88 | 530-5
25-31) 532-6 769-9 28-50 | 537-3 759-5 27-83 | 537-5 757-2 28-88 | 528-9
22-99 | 533-1 769-2 28-42 | 537-5 759-4 27-80 | 537-7 756-4 28-34| 527-8
21-55 | 535-4 768-2 28-42 | 539-2 759-0 27-83 | 538-0 7558 27-98 | 531-4
20-23 | 539-2 764:8 28-50 539.4 758-4 27-49 | 535-9 757-1 28-81} 530-5
18-68} 543-3 762-6 28-82) 538-8 758-0 27-34 | 536-7 757-6 28-89] 530-1
19-10} 546-6 762-7 28-27 | 537-8 759-0 27-49 | 537-7 755:8 29-38 | 527-6
20-61 | 544-7 762:5 28-12) 537-3 758-9 27-46 | 538-1 752-8 29-17 | 529-2
21-39 | 541-4 763-4 27-67 | 537-0 758-8 27-74 | 537-8 751-1 29-41 | 529-3
22-03 | 537-6 762-4 27-33 536-0 758-5 27-74 | 537-4 750-5 29-21] 528-7
22-62 | 537-3 762-8 27-09 | 537-4 759-2 27-98 | 536-4 749-2 29-68 | 529-3
12%, 16. 20%, on,
25 23-29) 536-4 762-1 | 25 28-08| 538-8 759-3 | 25 27-98 | 536-2 747-7 | 25 29-83| 529-3
24-00 | 534-8 762-6 28:00 | 538-8 758-8 27-96 | 536-0 747-6 30-05 | 529-4
24-06 | 532-8 762-4 28:44] 538-3 759-4 28-07 | 536-0 750:3 30-13 | 529-2
23-86 | 534-3 761-5 28-52 | 538-1 758-8 28-15 | 536-1 748-2 29-95 | 528-8
24-30) 536-8 760-8 28:48 | 538-4 756-6 28-07 | 536-0 749-1 29.88 | 529-0
24-99 | 537-6 758-7 28-57| 538-7 756-6 28:00 | 536-7 750-4 30-25 | 528-9
25-41) 536-4 758-7 28-28} 538-8 755-3 28-17 | 535-9 755:2 30-63 529-9
25-41 | 536-6 758-7 28-41| 538-7 755-8 27-68 | 536-0 756-6 30-69 | 529-2
25-59 | 536-1 758-5 28-20| 538-8 755-4 27:76 | 536-0 760-4 30-68 | 529-1
25-95 | 536-1 758-9 28-01 | 538-3 754-7 27-78 | 535-8 758-8 30-42 | 529-3
25-95 | 537-3 757-9 28-34] 537-8 755-3 27-67 | 536-4 759-3 30-53 | 529-7
26:10 | 536-4 757-5 28:64 | 537-7 757-2 27-80) 536-4 761-1 30-71 | 531-0
HEE ie 21h, 1h,
25 26:26| 536-7 758-3 | 25 28-89| 537-3 756-6 | 25 27-98) 535-7 759-4 | 25 31-19! 530-3
26-30) 535-9 758-1 28-75 | 537-0 756-4 28-01] 535-9 759°8 31-19 530-1
26-05 | 536-0 756-5 28-34 | 537-3 756-9 27-93 | 535-4 759-7 31-32 | 529-6
25-95 | 535-4 756-4 28-03 | 537-2 756-5 27-71) 535-1 759-1 31:53) 530-0
25-73 | 535-1 756-5 28-67 | 537-7 757-6 27-94| 534-7 759-3 32-20) 530-8
25-95 | 534-4 756-9 29-65 | 537-9 757-3 27-96 | 534-3 763-0 32-27) 531-2
25-95 | 534-4 755-7 28-89 | 537-4 755-5 27-87 | 534-1 762-0 31-99) 530-6
25:95 | 535-3 756-1 28-32 | 537-6 755-3 27-78 533-4 761-8 31-99) 531-3
26-22) 536-3 756-5 27-98 | 538-0 754-9 27-49) 533-9 761-7 32-20) 531-9
27-29 | 536-7 756-9 27-90 | 538-2 757-4 27:53 | 532-2 763-8 32-05 | 530-4 C
27:90 | 537-0 755-9 27-83 | 538-2 756-5 27-26) 530-9 762-6 31-66 | 530-6 777-0
27-96 | 537-8 755-0 27-83 | 538-2 756-4 27-40 | 533-0 762-2 +0
CEs eee 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | a7 | 18 | 19 20
Birizak THERMOMETER, .. | 56°8 | 57°7 | 58°6 | 59°7 | 604 | 60:9 | 61.4 | 61:3 | 60:8 | 60:2 | 59°5

59'8

BALANCE THERMOMETER,

2-9 | 618 | 622 | 62-0 | 61:6 | 61-0 | 60-2

618 62:2 | 6

Oxserver’sINITIAL,. . . . | 3 | 2 B |B p|v|>p pi{wiwyw lw u| H H

Birizar. k=0°0001248. Observed 2™ after the Declination. a
BaLANce. k=0:000015 approximately. Observed 3™ after the Declination,

TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. 31

JANUARY 18, 19. Fepruary 24, 25.
DECcLINA- Brrizan | BALANCE DECLINA- Briritar | BALANCE DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE DeEcLINa- Brrizar | BALANCE
_TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected,
9 Se. Diy. | Mie. Div. “ Se. Diy. | Mic. Diy. P 4 Se. Div. | Mie. Diy. Pb ’ Se. Div. | Mic. Div. |
Qh, 6h, 104, 14h,
25 31-99| 533-3 775-1 | 25 29-04| 540-7 767-9 | 25 20-16| 527-0 783-2 | 25 20-55| 527-1 | 693-2
32-05 | 532-2 775-1 28-67 | 541-7 765-4 20-48 | 526-4 782-9 21-37) 528-4 699-4
31-86 | 532-0 775-0 28-62] 541-1 766-5 21-07 | 526-9 782-1 21-98} 529-0 705-6
31-73 | 533-7 773-6 29-41} 538-9 765-6 21-53 | 525-2 784-5 22-42] 531-5 708-4
31-64 | 534-3 773-4 29-29) 540-1 766-0 21-82 | 523-5 784-5 23-06 | 532-4 709-8
31-35 | 534-9 773-5 29-02} 540-6 764-9 21-91 | 523-5 785-2 23-70| 531-6 712-5
31-32} 535-4 773-5 29-29| 541-0 764-8 22-42 | 523-1 785-9 23-86] 532-6 715-8
31-19) 536-4 773-5 28-97 | 540-2 764-8 23-19} 522-0 785-6 24-69 | 533-8 716-1
31-19 | 537-2 773-5 29-24] 539-0 765°8 24-08 | 521-2 785-4 25-14} 532-1 718-2
30-90 | 537-6 773-5 29-31] 538-2 767-6 20-77 | 527-1 776-9 25-18) 533-7 717-9
30-85 | 539-0 773-5 29-48 | 537-9 766-9 16-94 | 527-1 769-9 25-14) 534-0 | 717:3
30-85 | 539-8 773-8 28-08 | 536-1 767-2 15-12} 526-7 764-0 24-25 | 532-9 721-2
3h, 7h, 114, 154,
25 30-90| 540-5 774-5 27-83 | 536-3 767-6 | 25 15-19] 527-6 760-4 | 25 23-90| 533-4 723-4
30-83 | 540-0 774-6 27-17} 535-7 767-4 17-05 | 525-0 759-6 24-10} 535-5 724-4
30-65 | 540-6 775°8 27-00} 535-5 766-0 19-42 | 524-8 759-0 25-09 | 536-3 724-1
] 30-58 | 541-0 776-3 27-46 | 536-0 765-8 26-93 | 534-7 748-9 25-66 | 536-7 723-4
20 30-18} 540-0 777-1 27-33 | 537-2 765-9 32-10) 543-2 737-7 25-14) 538-9 720-5
| 2 30-02 | 540-4 778-0 27-44) 536.9 763-0 36-56 | 544-3 718-9 24-22) 535-1 719-4
| 30 29-85 | 540-9 T77-1 27-74| 536-9 764-9 35-53 | 534-7 691-1 22.03 | 536-7 716-9
howe 29-91} 541-7 778-0 27-83 | 536-7 762-0 31-07 | 526-2 670-6 21-91} 538-8 718-0
| 40 29-85 | 541-9 779-0 27-27 | 537-0 761-9 25-45 | 524.3 667-3 21-91) 538-7 719-6
45 29-89 | 542-7 779-4 27-70| 537-7 761-3 21-81 | 525-9 674-0 22-56 | 535-6 721-5
| 50 29-85] 542-5 | 780-2 27-88 | 537-9 | 760-5 18-86 | 526-5 | 679-8 22.85| 534-6 | 723-7
| 3b] 29-88| 542-3 | 781-1 27-88 | 538-0 | 758-7 16-43 | 527-6 | 684-5 24.01 | 535-0 | 723-5
| 4h, gh 12h. 162,
| it 25 30-00| 542-1 780-8 27-85 | 538-0 758-1 | 25 15-03] 526-9 692-5 | 25 24-50| 534-0 724-6
29-86| 541-4 779-0 28-07 | 537-9 759-1 18-95 | 514-5 699-8 25-14) 535-2 723-5
0 29-85} 541-4 779-5 28-57 | 537-5 759-4 23-76 | 505-7 705-8 25-32) 536-5 721-7
15 29-62) 541-4 781-5 28-48 | 537-2 758-6 27-29) 498-0 706-9 25-07} 535-4 719-7
20 29-62) 542-4 779-2 28-59| 536-8 757-5 32-02 | 495-2 702-1 24-40) 535-6 720-9
25 29-38] 542-0 778-8 28-52 | 535-8 757-1 33-17 | 502-2 690-6 24-31) 536-3 721-7
30 29-58| 541-9 778-3 27-94) 534-5 756-5 33-13 | 512-0 673-9 24-80) 534-5 723-4
3 29-49} 541-7 777-6 27 16) 534-9 756-0 30-77 | 519-5 662-8 24-67 | 533-2 724-4
10 29-60} 542-1 775-7 26-70} 534-1 756-1 29-11) 528-2 660-4 24-99 | 532-4 726-4
45 29-38| 541-7 776-3 26-33 | 534-1 756-4 25-90| 537-2 659-3 26-22) 5299 728-1
: D0 29-46| 542.2 776-4 26-06 |} 535-2 756-8 24-00 | 536-7 656-4 27-47 | 526-8 728-4
80 29-31| 541-8 777-5 26-06 | 534-9 757-6 22-09 | 540-0 657-3 28-17 | 525-5 728-4
i 5h, gh, 134, 17%.
0 25 29-31| 541-5 775-9 26-48 | 534-4 758-4 | 25 20-99| 537-6 654-0 | 25 29-31] 527-0 725-9
5 29-22) 541-3 774-4 26-79 | 534-1 761-6 18-36 | 535:3 651-5 29-78| 530-1 724-0
0 29-26) 540-9 776-2 26-96 | 533-6 761-4 16-80} 535-0 650-0 30-39 | 526-7 723-9
3 29-17 | 541-2 773-9 26-99 | 533-8 761-3 14-20} 535-0 648-4 31-25 | 527-0 720-8
29-26 | 539-8 772-4 27-56 | 534-0 760-9 12-65 | 537-1 652-8 31-79 | 528-6 717-1
29-31] 541-1 769-8 27-38 | 532-7 760-5 12-70) 538-6 656-9 31:99 | 527-5 715-3
28-70| 542-2 769-4 26-15 | 532-2 760-7 14-70] 534-1 659-4 31-32) 529-4 712-0
28-59 | 542-0 769-1 24-72 | 533-9 760-5 16-33 | 532-6 663-6 31-12) 531-8 710-9
29-04} 541-8 767-5 24-55 | 533-7 762-8 17-91 | 529-4 668-3 30-65 | 534-3 708-6
28-95] 541-4 771-1 24-94! 535-0 763-8 19-36 | 526-5 675-2 30-58 | 536-9 706-0
{ 29-01 | 540-1 768-5 24-80 | 533-8 765-5 19-98 | 524-2 680-8 29-38 | 538-7 703-5
29-11} 540-7 767-4 24-87 | 533-6 766-1 19-86} 526-5 686-2 28-50} 539-5 701-1
im ..-----| 2 3 | 4 a he 7 | 8 | 9 | a0 ]20 | a | 12 |.13 | 14 | 15 |-16 | 7
TAR THERMOMETER, . | 58-3 | 58-3 | 59-0 | 59-8 | 60°3 | 60:6 | 60:3 | 59-7 | 69-2|52-7 | 52:3 | 52:0 | 53-1 | 53-1 | 58-0 | 53:0 | 53-0
Axce Tuenwomnren, . | 60-0 | 598 | 603 61-0 | 61.5 620 | 61s | 60-9 | Go-s]5e2 | 541 | 549 | 55:3 | 55-0 | 55-2 | 55-4 | 55:5
eRver’s INITIAL, . . | B|s]u]uai|w | w | p|op D | plolofiw | wilwiw

Bririwar, k=0-0001205. Observed 2™ after the Declination.
BALANCE. k=0-000015 approximately. Observed 3™ after the Declination.

February Term. For observations before and after this Term, see Hxtra Observations.

32 TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843.

Gottingen FeEpruary 24, 25.
Mean Time q
Declination DECLINA- BrriwaR | BALANCE DECLINA- BiricaR | BALANCE DECLINA- Brrivarn | BALANCE Decuina- Brritan | BALAN
Observation. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. Correet
Min. P 4 Sc. Div. | Mic. Diy. Se. Div. | Mic. Div. ae 4 Se. Div. | Mic. Div. £ A Se. Div. | Mie. Div.
18}, oon. oN 64,
0 25 27-85| 539.2 701-2 | 25 26-35) 529.2 743-4 | 25 28-70| 535-7 748-6 | 25 27-19| 534.5 1]
5 27-70 | 537-2 695-5 : 530-3 743-7 28-70| 536-1 7478 27-27 | 535-8
10 26-96 | 536-2 703-6 530-1 744-0 28-64 | 536-2 746-4 27-16 | 536-3 .
15 26-08 | 537-4 703-5 530-5 744-0 28-57 | 535-6 746-1 27-06 | 536-4 | 753
20 26-22 | 537-1 708-3 530-0 745-5 28-70{| 537-3 | 745-2 27-22) 535-4 753;
25 26-28 | 537-0 705-0 530-2 743-9 28-70| 536-1 745-6 27-19| 536-3 750
30 26-08 | 535-3 710-0 528-9 745-4 28-57) 536-1 745:5 27-07 | 534-8 753
35 25-95 | 535-7 712-5 529-6 745-7 28-64| 537-0 745-4 26-69 | 535-1 752-5
40 25-95 | 535-3 714-1 526-5 746-1 28-65 | 535-7 743-9 26-75 | 535-7 752-5 |
45 25-75| 537-1 | 716-3 532-5 | 746-5 28-45] 534.6 | 745-4 26-75 | 535-7 | 751
50 26-28) 536-1 | 717-8 528-7 | 748-2 28-50| 535-3 | 744-8 26-67 | 535-8 | 749
55 26-08 | 538-0 | 717-8 529-9 | 747-8 28-50| 535-3 | 745-1 26-57 | 535-1 | 749.8
19, 23h. 3h, 7
0 25 26-43 | 538-4 716-4 530-2 748-9 | 25 28-39| 535-1 743-8 | 25 26-62| 535-8 749.
5 26-37 | 538-3 719-1 528-9 749-8 28-10} 534-9 743-6 26-52) 536-3 750-1
10 | 26-35 | 537-6 723-7 530-0 746-0 28-03| 536-1 744-3 26-25 | 536-7 750-5
15 | 26-25 | 536-4 724-1 529-7 746-2 27-93 | 535-3 743-5 26-05 | 537-7 749-1
20 25-95 | 536-3 725-4 529-3 746-1 27-94| 535-7 743-8 26-39) 537-3 749-4
25 25-63 | 536-1 725-5 529-0 745-2 27-83 | 534-9 745-3 25-95 | 537-1 7504
30 25-78 | 535-9 727-5 529-4 745-7 27-93 | 535-9 747-0 26-37 | 538-2 750-5
35 25-65 | 534-8 728-1 529-8 745-6 27-83 | 535-3 752-6 26-50 | 539-5 48
40 25:31 | 534-7 731-4 530-2 745-4 27-85 | 535-5 748-1 26:39 | 538-1 4
45 | 25-48 | 534-8 730-5 530-0 745-3 27-80| 535-8 751-7 26-55 | 536-7 749
50 25-45 | 535-1 733-7 527-9 746.4 27-96| 536-0 747-0 26:39} 537-5 750:
55 25-81 | 534-4 733-6 528-5 746-0 27-80] 535-7 747-1 26-28} 536-9 7504
204, on, 4h, gh,
0 25 25-58! 534-5 734-2 5QB1 | wcevee 25 27-70| 536-9 748-5 | 25 25-95 | 536-0 74
5 25-95 | 534-2 733-9 527-3 747-5 27-71 | 536-1 749-1 25-95 | 536-0 8
10 25-48 | 534-3 734-7 526-0 747-9 27-44 | 537-9 748-7 25:95 | 536-5 748
15 25-63} 533-5 734-8 527-6 747-1 27-73 | 537-3 750-4 25-16) 538-1
20 25-32 | 534-2 734-8 529-6 747-0 27-22 | 533-7 749-8 25-98 | 533-9 7
25 25:37 | 533-9 734-9 531-3 746-9 27-41 | 537-4 749-0 25-75 | 535-4 782
30 25:16) 534-6 735-5 531-0 746-8 27-70 | 538-9 750-5 24-87 | 534-9 753
35 25-21) 534-1 736-9 530-0 746-8 27-20 | 536-8 752-6 25-81 | 535-7 7
40 25:54 | 535-7 740-2 530-3 746-7 27-11) 536-2 752-7 25-95 | 538-0 750:
45 26-35 | 530-7 740-9 531-8 745-6 27-11) 536-3 753-0 25:95 | 538-8 749:
50 25-58 | 532-5 742-8 530-9 746-7 26-82 | 535-8 753-0 25-95 | 539-2 750
58 25-81] 531-8 742-1 531-8 747-1 26-77 | 535-5 753-8 25-95 | 539-4 7
21h, 14, 5h, gh, ‘
0 || 25 25-36| 531-4 | 743.8 533-0 | 746-7 | 25 26-82| 535-3 | 752-7 | 25 25-95| 541-4 | 751
5 25-75 | 530-7 741-4 533-2 748:3 26-94 | 534-7 753-1 25-95 | 539-3 751
10 25-14) 531-3 744-0 533-0 748-4 27-06 | 534-9 752-8 25-95 | 539-0 | 7:
15 25-68] 531-1 742-3 533-3 748-5 26-69 | 532-7 752-0 24.20) 538-7 | 749
20 25-54) 530-7 742-5 534-2 748-6 26-66 | 531-9 752-4 23-76| 537-6 | 750:
25 25-02 | 530-8 743-3 533-0 749-9 27-44 | 535-1 751-8 24-13] 536-5 | 75
30 26-42 | 529-1 743-8 532-6 749-7 27-80 | 537-3 749-2 24-47 | 536-1 (
35 24-99) 531-0 743-6 534-2 750-5 27-22 | 533-5 750-0 24:67 | 536-1 7
40 25-95 | 530-3 743-4 535-2 748-8 27-24| 534-5 750-1 25-14| 536-1 7
45 25-66 | 529-6 744-6 536-3 749-1 27-27 | 535-2 750-8 25-27| 536-0 | 7al
50 25-83 | 529-8 745-8 536-4 748-5 26-97 | 534.8 749-8 25-21| 535-7 | 7
55 25:56 | 529-9 744-9 536-1 748-6 27-02} 534-7 750-4 23-19 | 535-9 iy
Ho,....- +... | 18 19 | 20 | 21 22 | 23 | 0 1 a |. 8) |) 4 a | 60. 7 eleee
BIFILAR THERMOMETER, . | 53-4 | 53-9 | 53:8 | 53-2 | 53-0 | 53:0 | 52:9 | 52:8 | 58-1 | 52:9 | 52-4 | 521 | 51-3 | 51-5 | 52-2 ] 528 |

BALANCE THERMOMETER, .

55°83 | 55°83 | 55:8 | 552 | 55:0

551 549 | 548 | 549 | 545 | 540 | 538 | 53-0 | 594 | 538 | bad
Onsenver'sinirat,. .. |u| H|H|H| BRB] B| BB] u|ulw iw p|p|s B ig

BirizarR. k=0:0001248. Observed 2™ after the Declination.
BALANCE, k=0:000015 approximately. Observed 3™ after the Declination.

February Term, For observations before and after this Term, see Ewtra Observations.

TEeRM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. 33

Marcu 22, 23.
Rination DEcLINA- Brriuar | BALANCE DECLINA- Brriwar | BALANCE DECLINA- BiriwaR | BALANCE | DeEcLINA- BiFiLak | BALANCE
rvation. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected.
i if Ad 4 Se. Div. | Mic. Diy. Se. Div. Se. Div. | Mic. Div. 3 « Se. Diy. | Mic. Diy.
3 104, 144, 18h, 29h,
f 25 20-87| 548-0 724-4 | 25 22-03] 545-9 543-1 682-1 | 25 24-04| 530-6 690-8
ta 21-29} 544-8 725-7 20-82} 541-0 624-7 22-83 | 545-7 681-3 23-97 | 532-9 689-8
pau 21-88] 544.2 723:8 20-07 | 539-3 628-1 25-75 | 539-6 685-9 23-59 | 532-8 689-8
| 22-52| 542-8 722-1 19-61) 538-5 631-9 24-71 | 542-8 685-2 24-15 | 533-4 689-0
{ 23-36 | 542-4 721-7 18-97 | 536-3 635-5 23-90 | 544-2 683-1 23-56 | 531-0 688-7
| 25 24-15 | 540-5 721-2 18-92 | 534-7 638-9 23-41} 544-2 683-4 24-24 | 533.7 688-7
- 30 24-03 | 539-5 720-8 18-87 | 533-4 640-8 23-24 | 543-3 684-5 24-44 | 534-4 688-2
35 23-81) 540-2 717-7 18-25 | 533-6 640-8 23-03 | 543-5 684-1 24-15) 534-3 688-3
| 40 23-64} 541-4 715-6 17-17| 535-0 640-5 22-67 | 542-3 685-1 24-47 | 533-6 688-1
| 45 23-29) 541-3 714-8 16.44} 536-4 641-7 23-12) 541-9 685-3 24-01 | 533-2 688-0
50 23-26 | 540-0 712-8 15-70} 535-7 642-5 23-04 | 542-1 685-3 24-48 | 533-9 688-0
55 23-32 | 538-9 711-9 15-79 | 536-7 642-1 23-53 | 540-9 687-5 24-98 | 533-9 688-0
i 14, 15%, 19h, 238,
| 0 25 23-17| 538-9 709-9 | 25 15-69} 535-0 641-9 | 25 23-97| 540-1 689-6 | 25 25-14) 534-2 688-0
i Y 23-29} 540-8 709-2 16-92 | 533-3 647-8 23-93 | 538-8 689-4 25-68 | 533-6 688-0
| 10 23:36 | 539-9 709-7 19-00 | 530-7 654-1 23-93 | 538-0 690-1 25-95 | 532-8 688-0
15 23-44| 539.7 710-9 20.43 | 528-4 654-9 23-39 | 538-2 689-7 25-95 | 533-2 688-0
0 23-53 | 538-4 711-2 20:50) 529-4 658-6 23-56 | 538-5 690-0 26-01) 532-2 689-3
| 25 23-50} 538-3 711-6 21-73 | 530-4 659-5 23-30 | 538-9 689-2 26:48 | 532-9 689-3
| 30 23-97 | 539-1 710-2 21-91) 531-6 659-2 23-19} 540-9 689-6 26-80 | 531-9 689-3
5 24-33 | 548-5 704-5 22-65 | 531-6 660-7 23-86 | 540-4 690-0 27-13) 531-4 689-3
0 24-65 | 555-7 699-0 22-90) 533-6 664-0 23-76 | 540-1 689-8 27-60 | 533-3 689-3
3 24-40} 557-8 694-6 23-23 | 535-1 661-9 23-93 | 542-3 689-5 27-80} 531-6 689-3
0 23-12 | 553-5 693-8 23-43 | 537-1 662-3 23-79 | 542-6 689-3 27-88) 531-1 689-3
ie 21.26| 552-9 | 690-6 23-29| 537-1 | 664-0 24-13 | 543-1 | 689-0 27-61| 531-9 | 689-3
12h, 16%. 208, ob.
0 25 20-40) 551-6 688-9 | 25 23-12] 536-4 | 663-9 | 25 2460) 544.2 690-0 | 25 28-07] 531-3 689-3
5 } 20-40} 546-2 688-8 22-74| 538-8 663-0 24-57 | 542-6 690-7 28-74| 533-7 689-3
p 19-96) 541-1 690-5 22-92) 538-9 665-4 24-87 | 543-9 690-5 28-82 | 530-9 686-9
5 19-93 | 537-1 693-6 23-29 | 539-6 666-2 24-53 | 540-7 691-3 29-35 | 529-7 687-3
20 19-91| 536.2 693-9 23-39 | 540-4 666-1 23-44 | 542-2 691-4 29-76 | 530-4 687-3
5 20-28) 535-6 697-6 23-97 | 538-8 669-4 24-53 | 538-4 694-4 29-65 | 532-0 687-3
0 20-88 | 533-8 699-1 23-50) 539-4 668-3 24-47 | 536-6 696-4 30-48 | 533-8 687-3
5 21-07) 533-7 700-3 23-54 | 538-9 668-2 23-70| 536-0 696-4 32-31) 538-1 686-9
0 20-97 | 534-4 699-9 23-53 | 540-0 669-3 23-36 | 535-9 698-3 31-99 | 533-2 687-3
‘5 21:48) 533-9 699-9 23-83 | 540-8 671-6 23-39 | 533-1 697-6 31-68 | 532-8 687-3
0 21:66} 534-4 698-2 24:15 | 539-0 670-0 21-91 | 538-5 696-0 32-25 | 533-5 687-8
55 25-05 | 530-1 698-5 23-48 | 538-0 671-4 23-39 | 540-0 695-3 31-64} 531-4 689-1
4 13h, ea 21H 14,
0 25 26-99| 527-2 697-0 | 25 22-69| 539-1 671-0 | 25 23-54] 542-6 696-3 | 25 32-20! 534-5 689-1
i 26-77 | 527-7 692-0 - 22.77) 538-2 671-6 24-33 | 536-4 696-3 33-07 | 534-5 694-0
) 30-07 | 534-7 687-1 23-03 | 538-9 672-2 22-45 | 538-6 695-9 32-35 | 530-9 697-5
32-31) 545-0 675-9 23-19} 538-5 673-6 23-76 | 536-8 693-8 31-63 | 529-3 696-0
32-02 | 551-3 662-6 23-26) 538-2 673-7 24-42 | 537-1 693-0 31-84 | 530-2 695-4
31-25 | 559-3 652-5 23-44 | 537-7 677-5 24-98 | 537-9 694-3 31-68 | 531-5 695-8
30-05 | 562-1 642-0 23-44) 535.4 680-3 25-27 | 534-8 693-3 31-66 | 531-3 696-3
29-29) 562-8 634-7 22-42) 537-9 678-7 24-48 | 534-9 694-5 31-32 | 530-0 695-5
29-14} 558-2 630-4 23-44 | 539-6 679-9 24-71 | 533-8 693-4 31-30} 529-8 696-0
28-00} 558-3 625-5 25-21) 535-6 682-2 24-44 | 533-2 692-3 31-38 | 529-7 696-2
25-81) 555-9 619-9 24.40) 534-9 684-0 24-60 | 532-7 693-4 31-43 | 528-4 697-3
23-44) 551-0 613-7 21-73) 540-1 682-7 23-97 | 531-0 690-6 31-43 | 531-2 697-0
| Sa 10 | u 12 | 13 | 14 15 | 16 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 a1 | 22 | 23 | 0 1
AR THERMOMETER, . . . 560 | 540 540 540 | 539 | 599 | 53-8 53-5 583 | 633 | 580 | 525 | az2 528 | one | 525
ce TurrMomErer, . . | 560 549 | 548 | 55-5 | 548 543 | 540 | 540 | 538 | 536 | 53-2 | 530 | 52:5 | 525 | 525 | 5x5

versInimmat, .. .. | w lw | w we Fy ae u}]e|e|s{sfip|op p| oD

Birizar. Observed 2™ after the Declination. %=0-0001248.
Batance. Observed 3™ after the Declination. &=0-000015 approximately.

MA G. AND MET. ozs. 1843. I

34 TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843.

Gottingen Marcu 22, 23. ApnriL, 19, 20.
Mean Time
Declination DECLINA- Brrirar | BALANCE DECLINA- Brritarn | BALANCE DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE DECLINA- Biriian | Bawa
Observation. | TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corree!
Min. se) v Se. Div. | Mic. Div. 3 ‘ Se. Div. Mic. Diy. ic “ Se. Div. | Mic. Div. 2 i Se. Diy. Mie. Div!
Qh, 6b. 10%, 14h, {
0 25 31-83 | 533-2 695-9 | 25 24-87)| 535-6 724-6 | 25 23-09| 543-8 683-9 | 25 20-57| 539-7
5 31-99 | 535-6 695-3 24-11 | 530-8 728-0 23-24| 543-9 684-2 20-52) 539-9
10 31-71 | 533-8 696-5 22-15| 528-5 730-9 23-10} 543-6 691-1 20-57 | 539-8
15 31-86 | 535-0 694-9 21-28] 536-9 732°8 23-03 | 543-8 690-8 20-45 | 539-7
20 32-05 | 537-6 693-4 22-79| 533-1 735-9 23-10} 543-9 690-1 20-57 | 539-9
25 31-93 | 535-4 | 694-8 22.49| 531-9 | 739-3 23-03| 543-0 | 691-0 20-70| 539-7
30 32-10} 538-7 694-8 18-75 | 536-8 738-0 22-92} 543-6 691-0 20-54) 539-0
35 31-79 | 535-7 695-7 13-44 | 542-5 737-2 23-06 | 544-1 691-7 20-57 | 538-9
40 31-77 | 537-0 696-1 13-17 | 547-0 739-5 23-06 | 544-6 692-2 20-57 | 538-8
45 31:48 | 540-9 694-2 15-36 | 544-7 739-9 22-85 | 544-7 f) 20-43 | 538-7
50 32-20 | 541-6 695-8 16-84 | 537-3 740-8 22-80) 544-7 692-2 20-27 | 538-7
55 31-61) 540-2 697-9 16-80 | 538-8 737-5 22-72 | 544.3 BS 20-45 | 538-6
Bhs aa tiie 1p
0 25 31-:56| 539-8 698-1 | 25 16-87] 530-6 735-4 | 25 22-62| 543-7 692-3 | 25 20-30) 535-4
5 31-16 | 539-9 697-7 13-82 | 547-3 726-0 22-83 | 544-1 Ay 20-57 | 538-1
10 30-96 | 538-1 6968 13-77 | 552-0 723-3 22-80 | 543-9 A 20-57 | 538-1
15 30-56] 538-1 697-0 15-76 | 552-4 723-6 22-62) 543-1 oe 20-57 | 539-0
20 30-36 | 540-0 697-2 17-67 | 546-3 724-4 22-58 | 543-0 7 20-63 | 539-1
25 30-39 | 540-7 697-7 18-86 | 544-0 724-6 22-67 | 543-0 on 20-43 | 538-0
30 29-91) 538-4 698-9 20-23 | 539-3 725-2 22-60} 542-8 688-0 20-35 | 537-5
35 29-91] 540-2 698-4 20:57} 540-9 721-2 22-58 | 542-8 5° 20-43 | 537-9
40 30-12) 540-9 698-6 20-54) 539-2 722-3 22-58 | 542-7 9 20-10} 537-4
45 29-88} 541-4 698-8 21-28) 538-1 725-3 22-58 | 542-7 “r 20-03 | 536-9
50 29-55 | 541-8 699-0 22-02| 538-9 718-7 J eee eee 542-8 687-2 20-10} 535-5
55 29-31] 542-1 699-7 22-63 | 539-3 719-0 22-62 | 542-5 ry 20-43 | 533-0
4h, gh, 12h, 16%,
0 25 29-01| 540-5 701-0 | 25 23-43| 539-3 717-9 | 25 22-58| 542-3 686-9 | 25 20-30) 533-8
5 29-19} 544-8 700-7 24-13) 538-5 717-5 22:52) 541-8 S 19-96 | 534-9
10 29-12) 543-0 701-7 24-48| 537-7 716-0 22-55 | 541-4 3 20-34] 536-3
15 30-53 | 542-7 699-9 25-14) 536-0 716-0 22-47) 541-4 3 21-17) 534-1
20 28-37 | 540-3 701-3 25:34| 536-4 714-6 22:40} 541-5 691-1 21-24] 534-8
25 27-83 | 536-7 701-5 25-16| 536-8 713-2 22-32) 541-5 3 21-17) 534-8
30 27-91) 537-2 703-3 25-39| 535.2 713-1 22-18) 541-0 " 20-97 | 535-7
35 27-70| 538-3 703-3 25-68) 534-7 713-1 22-20] 540-5 “f) 20-90 | 535-7
40 27-90} 540-8 705-4 25-68 | 534-9 712-9 22-23 | 540-6 689-1 20-57 | 537-4
45 28-23) 539-4 704-9 25:81] 535-6 712-9 22-25 | 540-8 7 21-10} 536-7
50 27-09) 539-4 705-1 25-90} 536-0 711-4 22-11} 540-8 ” 20-63 | 535-6
55 26-97 | 537-2 704-8 25-86 | 536-8 710-1 22-23 | 540-8 21-17} 535-4
pus gh, BL 172.
0 25 27-33| 549-6 704-0 | 25 25-79| 537-1 710-3 | 25 22-11] 540-5 687-2 | 25 21-10] 535-6
5 27-41 | 545-1 712-3 25-95 | 537-5 709-4 22-08} 540-3 686-9 21-17| 536-1
10 26-72 | 538-0 712-6 25-88 | 537-9 707-9 22-05 | 540-2 686-5 21-17| 535-9
15 26-48 | 537-0 710-5 25-75 | 537-8 708-4 22-29 | 539-7 686-2 20-87 | 536-9
20 26-28 | 538-2 711-5 25-46 | 538-2 708-2 22-13] 540-0 op 20-81 | 537-0
25 26-32) 536-5 714-2 25-18} 537-9 706-8 21-95} 540-0 re 20-63 | 536-9
30 26-62 | 538-2 712-4 25-12} 538-2 705-1 22-02) 540-3 687-8 20-77 | 537-5
35 26-55 | 540-5 711-9 25-18| 538-0 704-7 20-70) 540-3 ae 20-87 | 536-6
40 26-72 | 545-2 713-3 25-05 | 538-0 704-2 20-61} 540-3 687-1 21-37) 534-9
45 27-11) 544-9 714-4 24-77 | 536-9 704-0 20-57 | 540-2 686-8 21:51] 534-6
50 26-15 540-5 714-2 25-02 |. 538-1 703°5 20:95 | 540-1 686-5 21-44} 533-6
55 25-75 541-1 719-0 24-67 | 537-0 703-3 20-70) 539-5 685-6 20-79 | 534-3
oe, 0). |. 4 ic a [xa eal ae is jor | 8 | 99 10 J 10 | 11 | 12 | 1s | a4 | 15 | 16
Birizar THERMOMETER, . | 53-2 | 54:0 al 54-4 | 544 | 54-2 | 54-4 | 543 | 54-0 | 53°7 | 58-7 | 585 58-0 | 57-2 | 568 | 560 | 555 | 546
BaLaNcE THERMOMETER, | 53-4 4°2 5 58-0 | 57-5 | 56°6 | 56:0 55rd
OssERVER’s INITIAL, . | Wil wi geen eee |e ep i a | ol a jee | pele BE

Biritar. Observed 2™ after the Declination. k=0-:0001248.
BaLance, Observed 3™ after the Declination. &=0:000015 approximately.

April 19413b, When double commas (,,) occur in the column for the Balance Magnetometer, the needle was examined, and no change from the previous obsel
tion being appreciable, the Micrometers were not altered. It should be remarked that the permanent observers possess the power of detecting slight changes
more facility than the occasional or Term assistants.

TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. 35

Aprit 19, 20.
DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE DECcLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE DECLIN A- Brrizar | BALANCE
TION. Corrected.| Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. / TION. Corrected. | Corrected.
} 2 f Se. Div. | Mic. Div. ra ¢ Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. a u Sc. Div. | Mic. Diy. . Y Se. Div. | Mic. Div.
f 182. 22 ou 62.
0 25 21-24] 533-9 677-7 | 25 19-71| 530-6 | ------ 25 28-81) 534.2 669-7 | 25 22-49) 545.5 696-6
j 5 21-32 | 533-5 677-0 19-94] 529-8 686-7 28-64) 533-8 a4 21-79} 544-5 696-5
10 21-01) 533-9 676-3 19-93 | 529-5 688-2 28-72 | 534-2 a3 21-91) 547-3 696-5
N15 21-10} 535-1 675-6 19-93 | 526-9 685-8 29-28 | 533-6 672-6 21:64) 546-4 Fa
+ 20 21-17} 535-0 674-9 20-58 | 528-0 685-3 28-84] 534-7 674-5 21-21 | 545-1 5
' 25 21-53 | 535-2 674-2 20-63 | 528-5 685-4 28-70 | 533-7 678-6 20:37 | 545.3 Fo
i 30 21-79} 535-2 674-2 20-54 | 528-6 686-8 28-89} 531-0 676-0 19-83 | 545-8 699-9
| 35 21-98] 536-2 673-5 20-81 | 527-6 687-5 28-07 | 531-0 is 19-61 | 547-9 699-8
0 22-38 | 536-2 672-8 20-13 | 528-8 687-7 28-17| 533-3 i" 19:49 | 549.4 700-6
| a 21-89} 536-1 A 21-31 | 527-9 688-3 28-07 | 533-6 681-9 19-89} 549-3 700-5
50 21-66| 536-3 i 21-61] 526-6 i 27-78| 532-7 A 20-57| 549.2 i
| 55 21-31} 536-0 of 21-91 | 526-9 688-8 27-74| 533-7 a9 21-01| 547-6 700-3
pa 198, 23h, 3h, gorges
i 0 25 21-14) 535-6 669-8 | 25 21-75| 525-7 686-6 ] 25 27-41| 534-3 684-0 | 25 21-37| 549-0 700-3
ie 5 21-10) 535-8 672-1 21-91} 525-5 687-1 27-26 | 533-6 685-4 21-15} 545-3 ”
10 20-38 | 536-8 | 671-7 22-80| 525-8 | 687-7 27-06 | 536-8 = 20-28) 543-9 rh
15 20-27| 536-9 | 673-6 22.58| 526-8 s 26-72| 538-0 s 19-70| 545-0 i
20 19-86 | 537-8 673-2 23-16 | 525-9 687-7 26-69 | 537-9 5) 19-61) 546-5 sy
25. 19-46 | 538-0 672-8 23-26| 524-5 “5 26-05 | 537-4 ” 19-36 | 547-0 tf
30° 19-22 | 537-8 672-4 23-61) 524-6 687-9 25-85 | 537-7 ” 19-67 | 546-0 2
30 19-15} 538-2 675-7 23-86 | 524-5 ay 26-37 | 538-0 688-4 20-18) 546-8 3
40 18-92 | 538-8 675-3 24-44) 524-2 | 686-0 25-88 | 536-9 | 689-3 20-84] 546-1 ny
15 18-68 | 538-0 | 674-9 25-09) 525-3 BF 26-25] 539-8 9 21-21) 544-3 =
50. 18-66 | 537-5 676-5 25-16] 524-6 *r 25-21] 535-6 | 690-8 21-19} 545-7 | 700-6
5 18-63 | 538-9 | 676-1 25-22') 525-2 686-0 25-85 | 539-1 691-6 21-79| 544-9 7
204, 02, 4p. gh,
0 25 18-59) 538-5 675-7 | 25 25-52 | 527-4 684-3 | 25 25-.41| 540-6 a 25 21-41| 546-3 “5
a 18-62! 538-4 | 676-7 26:08] 527-3 | 684-2 25-54] 542-0 | 691-0 21-59} 546-5 699-6
0 18-46 | 538-3 676-7 26-82) 525-1 oo 25-41) 540-6 | 693-2 21-35) 547-3 699-8
3 18-63] 538-5 679-6 26-55 | 523-6 oy 25-27} 538-2 693-4 fo wee eee 547-1 697-8
20 18-35| 538-0 | 679-1 26-42| 527-9 | 683-8 25-41] 538-6 | 693-6 20-61} 547-5 694-6
25 18-45| 537-8 682-5 26-80} 526-3 » 4 25-07) 539-2 ss 20-63 | 548-2 694-8
0 18-50} 538-1 678-4 27-07 | 525-2 683-1 24-67| 538-9 Ss 20:54) 545-9 694-9
b 18-33] 537-8 679-0 26-97 | 525-0 a 24-67| 540-0 os 20-94} 544-9 ”
0 18-59 | 537-5 679-0 26-82 | 523-7 “p 24-67 | 539-4 694-2 20-99 | 543-7 695-6
45 19-89} 539-0 | 679-0 26-97 | 524-4 + 24-82 | 539-8 696-6 20-97 | 543-1 695-7
0 21-02] 538-2 679-0 27-16) 526-7 680-5 24-51] 540-0 698-2 21-05] 543-6 698-7
d 22-25| 533-8 | 681-7 27-04! 527-4 By 24-60| 540-2 | 698-2 21-17| 543-6 | 698-5
PVE 14, 5}, gh,
0 25 20-77| 534-6 | 681-2 | 25 27-20| 528-9 678-0 | 25 24-27] 539-6 | 698-2 | 25 21-24) 543-6 698-8
5 21-46 | 535-7 hi 26-53] 531-3 | 675-1 24.27| 541-3 as 21-31] 543-2 "
10 21-28) 532-4 s 27-54| 529-6 | 676-5 23-93 | 541-5 A 21-37| 543-6 As
5 18-79 | 534-2 682-3 27-41] 528-7 674-8 23-91} 540-0 =A 21-31] 544-1 696-8
) 18-86 | 534-4 on 27-47| 531-2 | 672-6 23-73] 540-8 | 698-6 21-31] 545-5 695-4
19-10) 534-2 681-3 27-80} 531-0 “y 23-29) 540-9 ” 21-31) 544-9 694-4
P 19-09 | 533-2 685-0 27-56| 526-7 ” 23-24| 539-7 ce 21-35 | 545-2 cp
5 19-22] 532-6 5 28-23 | 527-9 - 23-46 | 543-7 3 21-31] 544-6 i
0 19-63 | 531-6 aa 28:84] 529-5 671-6 22-92 | 543-3 697-4 21-69} 544-3 3
5 19-58) 529-1 682-1 28-75 | 530-0 rr 23-06 | 543-7 697-2 21-37 | 543-8 »
0 19-67} 530-4 682-4 28:34] 530-4 3 22-92) 543-4 697-0 21-42 | 544-8
2 19-34) 530-3 680-3 28-54) 531-6 22-76 | 542-8 696-8 21-64] 544-6 694- 8
BPP PPP PPP PPE ppp
PILAR THERMOMETER, . | #38 528 22 | 522 27 | 538 | 548 55-7 | 56-1 562 | 563 56:3 | 56-0 | 55-9 | 55-6 aC
BALANCE THERMOMETER, 54:5 | 53:4 | 528 | 528 | 53:0 | 54:0 | 54:8 | 55-4 | 55°6 | 56-0 | 56-0 | 56-0 | 55-7 | 55-6 | 55-5 | 55-7 | 55-9

SS

BiFitar. Observed 2™ after the Declination. k=—0-0001248.
BaLance. Observed 3™ after the Declination. &k=0-:000015 approximately.

36 TrrmM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843.

Gottingen May 26, 27.
Mean Time
Deeiration DECLINA- Biri,aR | BALANCE DECLINA- Brrizar | BALANCE | DecuriNna- BiriLAk | BALANCE DECLINA- Brrirar | BA
Observation. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corre:
a v Se. Diy. | Mic. Drv. = ‘ Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. Se. Div. | Mic. Div. ’ Se. Diy. | Mie,:
104, 144, 18h, Q9h. =
0 25 17-61| 473-2 578-3 | 25 9-00] 491-4 599-0 | 25 17-04| 504-3 649-9 | 25 20-67| 478-5 656-5
5 12-23 | 482-0 569-1 | 9:27 | 492-2 599-0 17-04] 504-5 651-5 21-14) 479.3 654.
10 9-40 | 500-1 577-1 10-29 | 490-7 600-3 16-95} 504-1 652-3 21-34) 477-4 om)
15 7-24) 514-5 589-1 10-88 | 490-1 606-3 17-20| 503-8 654-1 21-49 | 478-8 653.
20 7-85 | 519-0 592-0 11-15 | 493-5 606-3 16-84| 503-0 654-8 21-31) 480-3 i
25 9-00) 518-6 593-2 11-96 | 492-9 607-5 16-70} 502-6 654-8 23-79 | 474-6 658-9
30 10-72 | 522-3 600-2 12-94] 493-8 607-5 16-78} 502-7 655-8 23-81 | 472-7 657-
35 13-51 | 520-1 610-2 13-46 | 496-4 613-7 17-:39| 501-3 656-4 23-21| 476-5 653:
40 15-83 | 512-5 621-5 15-09 | 497-0 616-2 16-91} 501-1 20 23-41 | 477-8 yr)
45 17-:74| 506-9 628-4 15-43 | 499-8 617-7 16-31} 500-0 658-0 23-64 | 477-8 646-7
50 18-73 | 498-4 634-2 15-90 | 502-8 622-1 16-58} 500.3 658-6 23-91 | 478-3 e
55 18-65 | 495-6 639-2 16-53 | 505-2 » 17:02 | 499-6 * 24-20 | 479-9 wl
1 a 19%. aan :
0 || 25 18-41} 500-3 638-2 | 25 17-07| 503-7 3 25 17-79| 498-2 658-8 | 25 24-60] 479-7
5 a 18-38 | 506-0 640-1 16-70) 507-5 ” 17-02} 497-3 660-9 24-77| 481-4
10 19-12| 510-9 638-5 15-86 | 511-4 ” 16-67 | 497-3 cn 25-29} 481-5
15 19-93 | 515-0 638-6 15-84} 512-1 619-8 16-46 | 497-1 on 25-38 | 483-4
20 20-41 | 516-6 637-8 15-86} 511-0 ” 16-53 | 496-6 = 25-61) 485-3
25 21-01) 517-2 636-0 15-56| 510-1 » 16-91 | 496-1 2 25-96] 485-7
30 19-96} 515-1 634-3 15-14) 509-2 » 17-14] 495-7 26-42 | 486-4 64
35 19-89} 515-6 631-9 15-19 | 509-7 ” 16-91 | 494-4 660-8 26-43 | 486-9 i]
40 20-03) 514-3 631-8 15-30} 509-2 ” 16-48 | 493-4 26-77 | 484-4 oie
45 20-20) 511-0 631-6 15-56| 508-7 621-7 16-55} 493-3 659-7 27-17} 485-8 m
50 18-99 | 512-2 629-7 15-86 | 507-2 623-8 16-57| 492-6 oF 27-33 | 485-4 osu
55 18-13] 514-4 | 628-8 15-43 | 506-9 a 16-60 | 491-0 Es 27-54| 486.8 a
12, 164, 208. on, .
0 25 17-98| 512-8 629-2 | 25 15-29] 508-5 ” 25 16-41| 490-8 661-1 | 25 27-76| 489-1 641%
5 17:98 | 509-8 629-5 15-66} 511-0 628-6 16-57 | 490-1 27-90| 490-6 nl
10 17-91 | 510-0 627-7 17-83 | 510-1 ” 16-71 | 489-2 663-5 28-18) 491-7 »
15 17-45 | 514-9 621-7 18-41) 509-1 631-1 16-98 | 488-2 664-3 28-34| 492-6 3
20 15-93 | 519-7 613-6 18-41 | 509-0 631-9 17:29| 486-6 665-7 28-44| 492-0 637.
25 15:09} 514-1 610-1 17-88 | 509-3 635:8 17-14) 486-6 666-6 28-50) 493-4
30 13-17 | 509-6 606-3 18-28 | 509-9 ” 16-97 | 486-7 28-70} 494-3 63 4
35 12-72 | 499-4 607-8 18-25 | 508-7 640-6 17-07 | 486-0 668-4 28-88 | 495-9 a
40 10-72 | 502-1 605-8 18-03 | 508-6 641-2 17-91} 485-9 671-2 29-11) 495-7 oat
45 11-73 | 500-6 604-4 17-98 | 508-1 643-1 17:88 | 482-7 29-15} 495-7 633+
50 12-50 | 495.0 604-6 18-01 | 508-6 »” 17-14} 483-8 668-2 29-17| 497-0 a
55 11-96 | 495-1 599-0 18-55 | 506-5 644-8 17-54| 483-2 os 29-31] 497-0 .
13%, V7 21h, 1h, :
0 25 11-69) 493-3 594-1 | 25 17-78| 506-5 645-3 | 25 17-71| 482-6 668-4 | 25 29-29) 497-2 6335
5 10-55 | 490-1 593-1 17-98 | 507-3 ” 17-83 | 482-9 668-1 29-31} 498-0 om
10 9-87 | 486-0 ” 18-01} 507-3 18-21 | 481-8 29-31} 497-9 |
15 9-40 | 486-0 a 17-86 | 507-0 645-2 18-53 | 482-1 666-6 29-36) 501-1 633-4
20 9-81 | 486-7 601-0 17-39} 508-1 646-0 18-55 | 481-9 29-56) 502-9 F,
25 10-11] 488-9 595-7 18-06 | 507-9 647-1 18-55 | 482-1 663-6 29-65 | 503-0
30 10-11} 488-1 593-4 18-06 | 506-9 649-3 18-70 | 480-7 661-2 29-73) 505-1
35 | 9-67 | 488-6 593-8 17-88 | 506-1 Py 19-13} 480-3 660-6 29-78 | 500-0
40 || 9-34 | 487-2 591-5 17-31) 506-7 * 19-44} 480-4 659-8 29-68 | 502-8 r,
ore | 8-57 | 487-9 593-1 17-34| 505-0 Fy) 19-39| 478-5 658-8 29-68} 503-0 64
50 9-00 | 487-9 595-6 17-15 | 505-7 649-6 19-78 | 477-0 660-2 29-75 | 504.0
55 9-24] 489-1 599- an 16-84 | 505-9 650-3 21-12) 476-2 659-2 29-89) 505-3

Hour,

55-9

BiFritar THERMOMETER, .

55:5 | 55°6 | 55°6 | 55°6 a 55°5 te 55°5 | 55:3 | 550 | 544 st 544 no 54:0 | 54:0 | 54:0 54°9 | 55-0 wd

Baio ee EERE Ea a

Birizar. Observed 2™ after the Declination. k=0-0001205.
BALANCE. Observed 3™ after the Declination. .4=0:000015 approximately. :

BaLaNce THERMOMETER, 54:5

OBSERVER’S INITIAL,

May 274 1 302,

Clock error previously + 148. Clock set right.

TEeRM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. 37
May 26, 27. JUNE 21, 22.
DECLINA- BrFiLar | BALANCE DECLINA- BirivaR | Barance | DeEcrina- BiriLak | BALANCE DECLINA- BrirrLaR | BALANCE
ation. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected.
Se, Div. | Mic. Diy. ? ie Se. Div. | Mie. Diy. a Se. Div. | Mic. Div. f Se. Div. | Mic. Div.
oh, 6h, 104, 144,
25 29-98 | 504-5 644-8 | 25 23-91) 514-5 670-2 | 25 20-57 | 512-8 668-0 25-27 | 499-9 656-1
29-91 | 505-2 645-8 23-93 | 514-7 673-1 20-97) 511-5 ” 25-38 | 499-7 657-7
29-82| 504-0 649-8 24-00} 515-5 674-4 21-22} 510-9 666-3 25-27 | 499-9 657-3
29-85 | 502-9 650-4 23-86 | 512-4 673-6 21-37 | 511-0 2 25-27 | 499-4 658-4
29-62} 501-3 651-4 23-53 | 510-6 674-5 21-37 | 508-9 666-9 25-41} 500-1 660-3
29-51 | 501-2 654-2 23-43 | 510-9 a9 21-78) 509-8 ” 25-43 | 500-9 656-7
| 29-44 | 503-5 648-0 23-26 | 510-2 ” 22:02} 510-0 3 25-79 | 499-3 657-5
| 29-63 | 507-4 653-0 23:04 | 510-9 3 21-98 | 509-7 664-6 26-43 | 498-0 657-9
| 40 29-44 | 509-9 ee 23-26 | 512-4 ” 21:95} 508-4 ” 26-50 | 498-9 657-3
} 45 29-31} 511-4 654-6 23-36 | 513-9 672-5 22-03 507-9 ” 26-42) 499-9 655-8
} 50 29-31} 509-7 657-4 23-53 | 515-4 2° 22-16| 507-1 ” 26-25) 500-4 657-9
| 55 28-94 | 507-1 3 23-53 | 513-5 op 22-56| 504-4 | 664-0 26-10} 500-2 656-6
3h. es 114, 154,
0 25 28-65! 512-4 3 25 23-26) 512-7 | 674-1 | 25 22-72| 504-1 664-1 26-12| 500-9 657-8
5 28-67 | 508-5 660-0 23-14) 510-4 2 23-06 | 505-8 2 25-98 | 501-8 658-3
10 28-64] 509-7 660-8 23-12| 510-7 ” 22-72) 506-5 2 25-95 | 502-1 657-6
15 28-59 | 512-0 A 23-26 | 511-7 673-0 23-12} 506-8 » 25-95 | 502-6 656-9
20 28-64| 513-6 661-4 23-12| 512-9 ” 23-19} 505-1 2» 25-92 | 502-4 657-8
25 28-64 | 509-6 663-3 23-12) 512-7 ” 22-72) 504-6 ” 25-72 | 501.7 659-2
30 27-96} 505-0 666-0 23-12} 512-2 672-6 23-12} 506-0 ” 25-65 | 501-0 659-3
35 27-83 | 505-9 a 22-99 | 512-4 671-6 22-87 | 505-6 » 25-31 | 500-8 659-6
40 27-83 | 505-8 665-6 22-72| 512-0 673-1 23-19 | 505-7 ” 25-27 | 501-3 661-3
5 27-47 | 505-3 667-1 22-74| 512-0 673-3 *27-63| 505-5 | 659-8 25-27) 501-5 662-3
50 27-29} 510-9 664-3 22-65 | 512-4 ” 27-49 | 504-1 2 25-18 | 502-0 661-6
05 27-61| 517-3 664-8 22-65 | 511-4 » 27-60 | 504-3 2 25-16 | 502-5 661-0
4h, sh, 12h 164,
0 25 27-43) 514-8 663-4 | 25 22-65] 514-1 671-8 | 25 27-83 | 505-0 656-8 25-02 | 502-9 659-2
5 27-80] 514-5 a 23-17 | 514-0 ” 27-83| 505-6 » 24-96 | 503-0 656:8
10 27-31) 514-1 Bs 23-26 | 515-0 2 27-47 | 504-5 2 25-01 | 502-5 657-9
15 26-84 | 512-6 “ 23-26) 515-9 670-8 27-29| 503-6 ” 24-62 | 502-7 657-0
2 26-94| 512.4 664-9 22.49 | 512-7 ” 27-02) 503-3 Pr 24-57 | 502-9 657-3
25 26-52| 509-4 oy 21-98 | 512-3 9 26-48 | 502-9 ” 24-60 | 502-3 658-8
30 26-30 | 508-9 + 21-78 | 512-6 673-2 26-15 | 502-5 654-8 24-74) 501-9 660-0
35 26-22| 508-3 669-8 21-91) 511-5 ” 26-32) 503-4 & 24-64 | 501-7 660-4
40 25-98 | 508-4 5 21-24} 509-5 ” 26-08 | 502-9 <r) 24-40 | 502-1 659-3
4 25-95 | 510-1 4) 21-14) 511-1 675-5 26-48 | 502-3 oo 24-20 | 502-3 659-3
50 25-81 | 509-5 5s 21-24| 511-4 35 26-22] 502-1 5 23-93| 502-5 | 659-2
a) 25-48 | 510-1 673-0 21-44| 513-3 ” 26-08 | 502-5 oD 24-08 | 501-3 659-5
5h, gh, 13, Fits
25 25-39] 510-7 ” 25 22-38) 513-4 | 674-5 | 25 25-85| 502-6 3 24-03 | 500-8 658-7
25-27 | 511-3 ay 22-65 | 512-1 fc 25-95 | 501-4 ” 24-06 | 500-3 659-1
25-14| 511-4 3 21-84 | 510-9 ” 25-85 | 500-6 35 24-15 | 499-1 659-0
24-94 | 512-6 = 21-76) 511-6 674-8 25-56} 500-5 655-8 24-27 | 499-2 660-4
24.74| 512-9 = 21-34| 512-5 3 25-27| 501-6 a 24.35| 499-8 | 659-5
24-47 | 511-4 oF 21-24] 513-9 39 25-27 | 501-5 35 23-98 | 499-2 660-1
24:06 | 509-9 673-2 21-55 | 514-3 672-9 25-27 | 501-2 > 23-79 | 498-6 660-7
23-88 | 510-4 ” 21-69} 513-4 fr 25-27 | 500-5 658-1 23-36 | 499-0 660-5
24-47 | 515-1 673-7 21-62} 512-0 “by 25-27 | 499-8 ” 23:32) 498-4 662-5
24-64 | 520-9 | 671-2 21-84] 511-0 | 674-8 25-41] 499-3 > 23-30) 498-1 660-8
24-47 | 519-2 5 21-95 | 509-7 ” 25-27} 499-9 0 23-17 | 498-1 660-6
24-17 | 516-3 : 508-3 25-27 | 499-9 23-19 | 497-3 661-1

SSS UGE

Observed 2™ after the Declination.
Observed 3™ after the Declination.

k=0°0001205.
k=0-:000015 approximately.

BIPILAR.
BALANCE.

* June 214. See note, page 38, on the Declination Observations.

MAG. AND MET. ons. 1848.

38

TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843.

Gottingen JUNE 21, 22. \ ’
Mean Time jaf
DeEcLINA- Birizarn | BALANCE DEcCLINA- Brritak | BALANCE DECLINA- Birirar | BALANCE DECLINA~ Biritar | BALANe aH
TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Correcte ;
= v Sc. Div. | Mie. Diy. Se. Div. | Mic. Diy. Ean’ Se. Div. | Mic. Div. Se. Div. | Mic.
13h, 29h, 2h, 6},
0 25 23-14| 497-1 663-7 500-5 660-0 te 504-3 641-6 | weeeeeeee 514-5 651.2
5 22-92 | 497-8 662-0 500-4 660-3 | sreeeseee 503-9 642-2 514-6 ©
10 22-72| 498-2 | 663-2 500-4 661-6 503-2 641-9 514-1 6
15 22.50| 498-4 | 663-5 501-3 661-4 502-2 643-1 514-7 652-6
20 22-63} 497-2 ” 501-6 661-8 502-7 645-6 514-8 ;
25 22-55 | 497-7 25 501-7 ” 503-6 643-0 515-8
30 22-49 | 497-3 663-6 501-9 662-0 504-9 642-8 516:3
35 22-38 | 496-9 ” 501-8 ” 505:3 642-7 516-9
40 21-86} 496-5 eo 501-8 a 504-7 645-6 517-0
45 21-73 | 495-8 665-3 502-1 ea seseeeee | 504-1 645-5 516-9
50 21-89} 495-7 » 501-2 664-3 503-5 646-6 516-7
55 21-62| 494.5 500-9 a 250 1503-9) || G46-9) Ih esenecanenl mod 7d
19h, 23h, 3h, wh,
0 25 21-79] 494.4 665-9 501-1 664-1 severe | 503-9 646-4 517-7
5 22-53 | 495.9 oc 500-1 PS seevee | 503-3 647-3 517-4
10 22-60 | 496-4 a 500-3 662-7 502-8 645-9 517-8
15 22-76 | 497-4 664-8 500-0 660-6 501-8 644-9 edseedeles 517-4
20 22-90 | 496-5 9 499-3 658-5 502-5 643-6 serene ee 517-1
25 23-14} 496-1 9 499-4 657-0 502-9 642-7 | veseecees 517-7
30 23-19} 496-1 665-2 499-8 654-7 503-2 642-3 seeeeeees 516-5
35 23-64 | 496-1 “a 499-9 652-8 503-1 642-4 J weceeenee 516-0
40 23-81 | 495-3 Bs 499-2 649-6 502-7 642-7 Jo eeeees vee | 515-3
45 23-34 | 495-1 666-4 498-7 646-6 501-7 642-7 wvesences 516-1
50 23-90 | 496-1 a 498-1 646-1 502-2 642-1 sree 516-2
55 24-28 | 497-5 667-2 498-3 643-5 seseeeses | 503-5 640-7 sereveeee | D165
20", oh, 4h, gh,
0 25 24-44) 496-3 665-7 499-0 639-0 sbereeeee 503-7 | 643-7 515-3
5 24-62) 495-9 | 666-0 500-2 638-1 504-0 ” 516-0
10 24.77| 495-9 4 500-7 | 638-2 504-6 _ 515-7
15 24-87 | 496-6 671-9 501-6 637-2 505-6 642.5 515-2
20 25-02 | 497-4 3 601-3 638-2 506-0 ” 514-3
25 25-11) 496-7 ” 502.2 637-6 506-4 ” 514-0
30 25-21 | 497-5 670-8 502-4 637-2 506-9 644-3 514-4
35 25-27| 498-4 re 502-6 | 637-3 507-5 5 514-1
40 25-34] 498-4 666-8 502-6 AD 508-5 9 513-8
45 25-27 | 497-4 664-3 502-6 5 508-4 643-3 513-6
50 25-72| 499-4 33 502-4 BS 508-4 ” 5129
55 25-41 | 497-7 2 503-2 = 510-1 aS 512-9
PALS 1m 5B. gh,
0 25 25-43| 499-6 663-1 502-5 Te ec 509-5 643-8 511-9
5 25:56 | 499-1 of 502-7 PO) (ib Lc 510-5 ” 511-8
10 25-51) 499-0 ” 502-7 640-5 Jo vreeeeeee 510-7 3 510-8
15 25-81 | 499-1 663-1 503-6 G39-8 | seeeeeees 511-1 643-0 510-4 »
20 25:95 | 499-6 ay 504-7 638-0 | veeeeeeee 512-9 2 511-0 662-2
25 25-95 | 498-9 f 504-9 GB9-7 | veeeeeeee 513-8 on 511-8 .
30 26-10} 499-8 661-1 504-4 640-2 | wvereeeee 513-5 648-5 511-3
35 26:08 | 499-8 oF 504-5 639-4 | --s0eeeee 513-2 a 510-8
40 26-03 | 499-9 x 504-4 639-2 | v-eeeeeee 512-7 » 510-5 ”
45 25-95 | 500-7 660-2 503-7 641-0 | eens. 512-8 649-4 510-1 =
50 26.22| 500-9 _ 506-2 | 644.9]... | 514.3 i; - | 509-7 es
55 26-25| 500-8 - 504-7 it | |, cco 514-9 s 509-9 | 656-5
Hour, aE: | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | o | a ED ae ae
Biritan THenMomerer, 59-9 | 59°5 | 59°7 | 60-1 | 61-1 | 620 | 632 | 643 | 65-3 | 67-0 | 68-0 | 69-0 | 69-9 | 707
BALANCE THERMOMETER, | 60-2 | 60-0 | 60-1 | 60-5 | 61-0 | 620 | 626 | 610 | 648 | 658 | 66-9 | 67-5 | 68-4 | 683

OBSERVER’S INITIAL, .

k=0:0001205.
k=0:000015 approximately.

BiriLar,
BALANCE,

Observed 2™ after the Declination.
Observed 3™ after the Declination.

June 224 9h 5m. Discovered several fibres of the Declination suspension thread broken, and, on removing the box cover, the stirrup of the magnet was found
resting on the copper ring. The observations of Declination are not given after 2l¢ 22h, as the fibres were probably breaking throughout the day ; the observations
before 22h are probably atfected by a considerable torsion force. /

Trrm-Day OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1845. 39

Juty 19, 20.
DEcLINA- BirtLaR | BALANCE DECLINA- BiFitaR | BALANCE DECLINA- Brrivar | BALANCE DECLINA- BrriLak | BALANCE
TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected.
= ¢ Se. Diy. | Mic. Diy. ye Sc. Diy. | Mic. Div. yt 4 Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. = Ly Se. Div. | Mic, Div.
104, 14h, 18), Don,
25 20-88| 506-9 654-6 | 25 21-86] 506-1 649-0 | 25 18-48] 500-9 | 647-1 ]| 25 20-72) 490-7 652-0
20-77 | 507-7 ” 21-84} 506-0 648-5 18-55 | 499-7 648-4 20-57 | 491-7 #4
20-94| 508-6 | 655-0 21-78| 506-6 ie 18-10| 500-1 i 20-57 | 492-3 i
21-12} 509-0 ny 22-32] 507-2 649-8 18-38 | 500-9 a 20-65 | 492.7 647-7
21-41} 509-7 3 22-45| 506-4 * 18-55 | 500-6 a 21-17| 492-9 e
21-73| 509-2 is 22.38 | 506-2 a 18-12] 500-7 a 21-44| 492-5 ¥
21-73} 509-3 22-15} 505-8 647-6 18-38 | 500-9 Se 21-89} 491-7 F
21-88 | 509-4 21-88 | 505-4 a5 18-41 | 500-3 647-5 22-09 | 491-7 647.9
21-84} 509-3 653-6 21-84} 505.7 a5 18-06 | 499-8 A 22-53 | 492-0 5
21-69 | 508-6 “s 22-00} 505-5 646-7 18-05 | 499-9 647-9 22-76 | 491-9 5
21-68} 508-8 of 21-75} 504-0 Ca 17-89 | 499-3 649-0 22-79 | 491-4 is
21-781 509-2 3 21-53} 503-8 0 17-88 | 499-4 648-6 23-14| 490-2 A
11%. 154, 19%, 23h,
nO 25 22-05 | 509-9 - 25 21-64) 504-3 648-0 | 25 17-61 | 498-4 A 25 23-24| 490-8 648-1
5 22-18) 510-5 651-8 21-98 | 504-0 aS 17-39 | 497-8 Ai 23-27 | 490-2 a
10 22-11) 511-3 a 21-84| 504-6 s 17-31 | 498-9 650-2 23-54] 491-5 =
5 22-29} 511-1 3 22-09 | 503-6 650-1 17:74 | 498-3 652-1 23.93 | 492-2 5
20 22-52} 510-4 650-0 22-09 | 503-6 cp 17-47 | 499-6 rr 24-15} 490-8 =
2 22-65 | 510-4 3 22-00 | 502-5 of 17-47 | 498.2 652-3 24-37 | 488-3 “5
30 22-45 | 509-9 A 22-03 | 501-4 649-3 17-32 | 498-5 oh 24-47 | 487-2 .
35 22-45 | 508-8 a 21-93 | 502-0 “1 17-31 | 497-9 a3 24-60 | 489-8 Ss
0 22-45 | 508-4 “ 22-29 | 501-5 rp 17-14) 497-5 EF 25-14} 490-8 =
45 22-42) 508-0 649.4 22-06} 501-5 649-7 17-20 | 496-7 a 25-25 | 489.2 ¥
50 22.08 | 507-1 a5 22-45 | 500-4 a 17-34| 497-2 z 24.94| 487-7 | 642-7
55 22.05 | 507-0 a 21-88 | 501-4 > 17-81 | 496-6 Bs 25-18 | 489-8 s
12, 164, 20%, oh,
0 25 21-96 | 507-4 648-8 | 25 21-91| 502-2 | 651-3 | 25 17-88| 495-7 sf 25 25.27| 488-8 a
5 21-86 | 507-5 PA 21-91 | 502-2 of 17-88 | 495-9 Ff) 25-54 | 487-1 BS
10 22-05 | 507-9 5 21-95| 502-2 x 17-88 | 495-5 = 25-83| 489.9 | 641-3
15 21-95 | 508-3 647-6 21-91 | 502-8 5 18-23 | 494-9 3 25-90 | 488-7 641-7
0 21-91 | 507-9 Py 21-91 | 502-8 Hs 18-48 | 495-0 652-0 25-95 | 490-5 +
5 21-68 | 508-3 » | 21-96] 503-2 is 18-01 | 495-2 is 26-30| 490-0 s
21-78 | 508-2 55 21-96 | 504-6 645-6 18-01 | 495-5 654-7 26-60 | 490-2 “5
21-84] 507-6 sf 21-62| 506-5 é 17-88 | 495-1 A 26-73| 490-8 | 641-3
21-61) 508-1 cf 21-34| 507-1 A 17-81] 494-3 656-3 27-09 | 490-2 4
21-73 | 507-9 o 20-63 | 506-7 4 18-01) 495-0 S 27-00 | 489-7 r
21:84) 507-5 i 19-70 | 506-9 640-6 18-48 | 494.4 28 27-09 | 489-9 a
21-59 | 507-1 646-3 19-65 | 508-8 i 18-55 | 493-2 657-6 27-19 | 489-8 5
13h, iets rite ies
25 21-64] 507-1 646-3 | 25 19-81 | 504-3 644-1 ] 25 18-59} 492-8 659-0 | 25 27-26| 489-1 >
21-75| 506-5 A 18-62 | 504-4 a 18-80] 493-5 a 27-29 | 489-6 ‘,
21-64) 506-4 aS 18-62 | 503-4 Fe, 18-99 | 494-6 fo, 27-29 | 491-0 ”
21-76| 506-3 + 18-38 | 503-3 646-8 19-22] 492-2 35 27-53 | 490-5 640-3
21-46] 506-4 “hy 18-38 | 502-3 a5 19-22| 492-4 655-9 27-74| 492-1 1
21-56 | 506-9 A 18-41 | 502-8 oe 19-80 | 493-4 Fr 27-83 | 492-0 ”
21-71] 506-5 a 18-48 | 502-0 647-3 19:95 | 492-3 654-8 27-61] 490-3 oF
21-78} 506-3 op 18-65 | 500-9 op 19-70 | 491-5 653-9 27-46 | 492-1 640-8
21-86 | 506-4 cL, 18-32 | 501-4 re 19-96 | 494-2 653-2 27-61) 493-6 yy
21-84) 505-5 “ 17:99 | 499-7 645-9 20:37 | 491-8 653-5 27-56 | 494-8 ‘5
21-64} 506-0 | 648-2 17-89 | 501-7 a 20-50 | 491-8 Ay 27-49 | 495-2 f2
55 21-78 | 506-5 5 18-06 | 501-2 9 20-52 | 493-2 651-3 27-56 | 495-0 =
ES 10 | 11 | 12 | 19 | 4 | a5 | 16 | 17 is | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 23 | oneal
Borman Tuenmomerer, . . | 60-4 | 60-4 | 60°3 | 60:3 | 60:3 | Govo | 59°7 | 59:0 | 582 | 57-6 | a7-4 | a7 | sr | o7-4| 97-3] 973
ANCE THERMOMETER, . . | 60:2 | 60-5 | 60-6 | 60°6 | 60:6 | 60-3 | 600 | 59:5 | ss:8 | 58-2 | 58-0 | 57-9 | 57-8 | 57-6 | 57-5 | 57-5
wenversinimar,.... |d| Dd]; o{|po|ual|ul[u|u| se] se] se} s|wiwiw[w

Biri~ar. Observed 2™ after the Declination. 4=0-:0001205.
BaLANce. Observed 3™ after the Declination. %=0:000015 approximately.

Trrm-DAy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMBTERS, 1843.

JuLy 19, 20.

40
Géttingen
ean Time
Desleation| DECLINA- BrritaRn | BALANCE
Observation, TION. Corrected. | Corrected.
Cred Se. Div. | Mic. Div.
gh.

0 25 27-46 | 497-0 640-8
5 27-60 | 496-2 #
10 27-61 | 497-9 Py
15 27-51) 497-2 642-0
20 27-54| 499-2 | ,,
25 27-36) 498-1 a5
30 27-29 | 498-9 a
35 27-14| 499-0 | 642-2
40 26-73 | 499-4 s
45 26-75 | 499-5 i
50 26-59 | 498-9 BS
55 26-26 | 498-9 25)

3h,

0 25 26-15| 499-2 646-9
5 25:95 | 498-9 re
10 25-68 | 499-7 ~
15 25-31 | 500-2 645-6
20 25-14| 500-8 4
25 24-89 | 502-1 2
30 24-60 | 502-6 | 645-5
35 24-37 | 503-2 A
40 24-15 | 503-5 5
45 24-10 | 504-4 648-3
50 23-86 | 504-2 7
55 23-66 | 506-0 Ay

4,

0 25 23-76) 507-5 649-5
5 23-59 | 507-1 “5
10 23-39 | 507-9
15 23-26 | 507-7 5
20 23-12) 508-2 Bi}
25 23-12) 507-4 “4
30 22-99 | 507-1 650-1
35 22-79 | 507-3 ”
40 22.65 | 507-2 652-1
45 22-58 | 507-2 "
50 22.58 | 507-4 x
55 22-45 | 507-8 654-5

Fas

0 25 22-38| 507-7 ”

5 || 22-45] 508-1 ps
10 | 22-45 | 507-5 rp
15 22-38 | 508-5 %
20 | 22-38 | 508-7 ns
25 || 22.38] 507-9 | 656-3
30 | 22-18} 508-6 25
35 | 22-05 | 509-0 658-5
40 21-98 | 509-8 A
45 22-05 | 509-1 a
50 || 21-98] 508-8 ¥
55 I 21-90 | 508-6 658-2
Hour, . 2 | 3

DECLINA-
TION.

25 21-96
21:88
21-64
21-78
21-86
21-78
21-79
21-78
21-53
21-48
21-44
21-44

25 21-58
21-78
21-82
21-91
21-91
21-93
22-13
22-11
22-15
22-08
22-38
22-42

25 22-43
22-47
22-47
22-45
22-52
22:58
22-58
22-58
22-52
22.43
22-45
22-45

25 22-52
22-45
22-45
22-45
22-35
22-02
21-98
21-91

BIriLar
Corrected.

Sc. Div.
6h,
509-7
509-4
509-6
510-3
510:7
511-0
512-1
511-8
512-2
511-8
511-7
511-2

Ee
510-3
510-0
509-8
510-1
510-2
510-7
510-9
511-8
512-4
511-5
511-4
511-1

sh,
510-3
510-0
509-9
509-5
509-8
508-9
509-5
508-9
509-1
509-5
509-8
509-8

gh,
510:5
510-1
509-8
508-9
509-9
509-4
509-4
508-9
509-7
510-3
509-6
509-0

BALANCE
Corrected.

Mie. Diy.

658-3

Aucust 25, 26.

DECLINA-
TION.

°

25

25

25

25

’

21-73
21-12
20-70

Se. Div.
10",
506-4
507:5
511-4
508-0
506-8
504-5
503-5
504-7
506-0
508-9
510-7
507-4

pie
507-7
510-4
509-6
507-9
506-4
506-4
506-9
507-7
506-4
507-0
506-6
505-0
12h,
507-4
506-7
502-8
504-6
505-0
507-5
509-3
509-9
508-7
507-7
507-5
509-7

USE
512-1
511-1
511-6
513-5
514-0
513-2
512-1
510-0
507-0
505-5
504:5
504-5

BIFILAR
Corrected.

BALANCE
Corrected.

Mic. Div.

DECLINA-
TION.

25

25

25

21-10
20-65
20-25
20-61
20-40
21-14
21-32
21-10
22:82
23-88
25-93
26-89

28-12
28-68
27-96
27-24
26-45
25-78
26-01
25-95
25:27
24-85
25-07
25-07

24-15
23-32
22-60
21-27
20-94
20:01
19-63
19-26
19-40
19-63
18-55
20-05

19-26
19-22
18-21
17-45
17-20
16-67
16-58
16-20
16-13
15-94
16-20
16-17

BIFILaR
Corrected.

Se. Diy.

14%,
503-3
502-4
501-8
500-8
500-6
501-8
502-5
503-1
501-2
499-4
498-7
500-0

LIGES
500-1
499-7
501-6
500-6
501-6
505-5
505-5
503-5
503-9
503-7
499-7
499-5

164,
498-2
498-1
497-7
498-5
500-1
501-1
501-7
501-7
499-9
496-9
500-1
497-2

pe
498-6
497-8
499-9
499-4
499-7
499-0
499-6
499-6
500-0
499-0
499-6
499-1

BIFILAR THERMOMETER, 573 | 57-6 | 57-7 | 57-9 | 58-0 | 58:2 | 58-2 | 58:0 | 57-9| 64-1 | 64-2 63:0
Batance Turewomeren, . | 57-5 | 575 | 678| 57-9 | 58:0 582 | 582 | 580 | s80]640 | 64-2 | 643 | 64-0 | 63 |
OpseRVER’S INITIAL, D WwW | W

Biri

BALance.

LAR. Observed 2™ after the Declination.
Observed 3™ after the Declination.

u|Hu|B| Bp

k=0-0001205.
k=0:000015 ; & (August) = 0:000014 approximately.

u |

u | H

B | B

68.4 | 62:9 | 623

623 | ae

B

* he readings of the Balance Magnetometer during the August term are not comparable with those on the previous or succeeding termi
owing to re-adjustments of the instrument.

TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843.

Aveust 25, 26.

41

DECLINA- BiFinaR | BALANCE DEcLINA- Brrizak | BALANCE | DEcLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE DECcLINA-
i TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION.
i 2 4 Se. Div. | Mic. Div. ° _ Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. 2 4 Sc. Diy.
I 18%, 29h, gh,
7 25 16-37| 494-9 | 792-0 | 25 22-20) 485.3 809-3 | 25 28-01] 505-0
j 16-08 | 498-9 793-2 22-76 | 482-8 811-0 27-76 | 504-9
16-77| 496-9 | 796-1 22.92| 484.8 5 27-70| 506-4
| 16:21 | 498-9 as 22-:77| 481-4 | 814.8 27-76 | 504-0
| 2 17:20 | 498-6 Hy 22-49 | 483-3 815-2 27-43 | 506-5
j 2 17-17 | 496-5 796-7 23-64 | 483-2 A 27-36 | 504-5
| 30 16-50| 495-7 s) 23-44 | 483.2 a} 26-91| 507-3
\ 35 15-90 | 495-3 796-1 23-81 | 484-6 815-2 27-11} 506-9
| 40 15-90 | 497-7 5 23°95 | 483-2 815-2 26-96 | 503-2
| 45 16-58| 495-7 | _,, 23.91] 482-4 | 813-8 26-66 | 503-0
|} 50 17-20 | 493-1 797-1 24-27 | 485-2 811-4 28-23 | 504-3
ie 17-07 | 491-6 ep 24-40| 485-2 3 26-77| 507-7
| 19}, 23h, 3h.
H 0 25 16-91 | 492-5 ” 25 25-25 | 484-4 810-5 | 25 26-43] 508-5
{ 6 16-95 | 491-1 798-2 26-43 | 481-1 813-5 26:55 | 508-4
} 10 16-94 | 490-6 798-8 26-28 | 480-1 812-0 26-40 | 507-9
15 17:91 | 489-3 802-0 26-39 | 480-5 | 813-3 26-45 | 509-1
20 18-62 | 488-3 9 26-05 | 484-3 811-0 26-37 | 511-2
25 18-99 | 486-3 804-0 27-29 | 479-8 813-8 25-95 | 507-8
30 19-33 | 483-5 805-2 26-75 | 480-5 813-3 25-63 | 507-1
| 35 19-53 | 484-0 | 805-3 26-86 | 482-4 | 813-2 25-39 | 507-1
40 19-36 | 485-1 805-6 28-03 | 484-7 | 814-7 25-41) 509-2
|} 45 19-56 | 485-7 “5 27-76 | 483-4 | 814-4 25-21) 504.2
50 18-45 | 486-8 804-8 28-57 | 482-0 814-4 25:05 | 504-6
55 18-86 | 485-4 55 28-37 | 487-1 813-2 24-62 | 504-0
20%, 08, 4h
0 25 16-53) 488-3 a4 25 28-20| 487-9 | 811-4 | 25 24-47| 505-3
] ‘5 20-05 | 488.4 = 28-59 | 490-9 811-2 24-47| 504-0
10 19-83 | 490-2 oF 28-91) 490-9 rf 24-47 | 504-6
15 18:18} 492-0 As 28-97| 495-6 | 809-6 24-04| 502-8
20 21-66 | 493-0 a 29-51| 493-2 | 809-4 23-93 | 503-3
25 21-51] 490-4 | 801-2 29.26| 493-0 | 810-5 23-64) 502-8
30 21-21) 491-6 802-3 29-65 | 493-6 809-9 23-53 | 502-2
} 35 20-14} 492.3 800-6 29-73 | 497-1 809-2 23-53 | 502-8
40 20-23 | 487-2 798-2 29-48 | 497-2 810-0 23-37 | 503-7
| 40 19-12] 490-4 796-8 30-12 | 498-0 808-6 23-26 | 502-6
| 50 18-68 | 490-8 By 30-29 | 496-3 0 22-96) 505-3
55 19-83 | --+-- ‘, 29.58| 492-9 | 810-3 23-12| 506-9
21h, 14, : 5h,
| 0 25 21-17| 488-6 802-1 | 25 29-51) 497-3 808-9 | 25 22-76| 505-9
5 21-10| 490-6 802-8 28-37) 500-5 805-9 22-65 | 506-1
0 20-30 | 489-1 803-4 29-44| 498-5 “3 22-58 | 504-6
21-14| 487-1 802-5 29-17| 503-3 5 22:45 | 505-4
2( 19-98 | 488-5 801-7 29-08} 501-9 “ 22-29) 505-1
| 2 21-55) 482-9 805-5 28-95] 501-0 809-7 22-09 | 507-3
21-78| 485-9 a3 28-94) 503-5 811-9 21-98 | 510-0
| 21-76 | 487-4 803-2 28-77| 501-3 813-0 22-03} 511-1
4 21-66 | 483-0 804-1 29-29| 500-9 ey _ 21-73 | 510-2
45 19-89 | 486-1 803-7 28-30} 502-0 is 21-48 | 508-8
| : 21-37| 486-7 805-9 28-23) 503-2 815-9 21-26| 508-6
} 22-58 | 485-1 807-2 28-08} 502-7 21-15} 509-0

Biritark THERMOMETER, fc 60°2 | 59°8 | 59°7 60-0 | 61-0 622 | 6a4 64:5 | 65°2 | 65-0 | 64:7 | 64:1 | 63:9

BIFILAR

Correcte:

Sc. Diy.

6h,
507-6
508-7
507-8
508-0
506-8
507-3
507-7
506-5
507-4
507-5
507-1
506-6

“es
506-5
507-1
507-6
507-6
506-7
506-7
506-5
507-6
508-0
508-2
509-3
509-0

8h,
508-7
507-1
508-8
511-6
512-7
512-6
513-5
514-5
512-0
508-0
504-8
506-6

gus
512-0
517-7
519-1
518-3
514-5
512-6
511-1
509-4
509-5
509-1
508-7
508-9

BALANCE
d.| Corrected.

Mie. Div.

828.3
826-9
826-1
826-0
822.6

”

819-9

CAC CECICEKA GS ESE DESER EI EREESE i

63:1 | 62°6 | 62:0

BALANCE THERMOMETER, . 61°5 | 60-8 | 60-4 | 60°1 | 60°5 | 61-2 | 62:3 | 63:2 et al 64:0 | 63:9

(Ee te I AE SRE

Observed 2™ after the Declination. k=0-0001205.
Observed 3™ after the Declination. k=0:000014 approximately.

BIFILAR.
‘BALANCE.

o G. AND MET. ozs, 1843.

42 TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843.

Gottingen SEPTEMBER 20, 21.
Mean Time
of
Declination DECUINA- BuriLar | BALANCE DECLINA- BrritaR | BALANCE DeEciina- Birinarn | BALANCE DECLINA- Brri“an | Bau.
Observation. | TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Correet

Min. (] f Se. Div. | Mic. Div. B f Se. Div. | Mic. Diy. R f Se. Div. | Mic. Div. Sc. Div.

10%, 14%, 18h, 22h,

25 15-49! 510-0 | 806-4 | 25 16-85) 508-0 790-9 5 503-0 | 777-1 | 25 18-62| 492-8
16-41 | 508-0 807-6 16:60} 507-3 788-8 87 . 18-57 | 492-0 .
16-84) 508-6 806-6 19-09} 498-4 oF : ‘ 17-99 | 491-5
16-01 | 511-2 803-9 22-23) 496-6 784-4 37 : 18-45 | 493-0
14:76 | 513-8 801-0 32-20} 507-8 754-9 “O7 : i: 19-00 | 492-3
14-49) 517-6 797-9 34-58 | 507-4 709-9 ‘ . : 18-36
15-02) 519-3 796-1 32-17) 500-7 668-7 “ . 18-66
15-72 | 517-2 795-9 29-06 | 499-0 652-0 . . FF 19-04
15-83 | 516-5 795-3 26-57 | 509-7 651-5 : “ 769- 19-98
15-63 | 513-8 796-3 24-10| 509-1 654-2 : ‘ . 20-35
15-39} 513-4 796-7 23-93 | 511-6 666-7 : D 20-16
16:06 | 511-7 798-2 24-50| 512-2 678-4 . ci 20-72

11h, 15". :
16-73| 510-6 | 800-9 23-76| 511-6 | 687-3 | 25 19- 5 : 21-05
16-87| 509-9 | SO1L-8 22.22| 508-7 | 691-3 17) 504- . 20-30
17-34] 509-7 | 802-7 20-52| 509-9 | 693-8 : . 74. 19-40
17-88] 509-7 | 803-5 20-05 | 508-4 | 698-4 re : ¥ 20-85
18-01| 5105 | 801-1 19-31) 506-0 | 703-1 ‘e : 77. 19-96
18-62| 511-4 | 801-3 17-71| 507-5 | 708-9 : ; 21-14
19-42| 511-5 | 804-2 17-42 0 | 715-5 -91| 507: - 21-91
19-83! 510-6 | 804-3 16-77 4 | 720-5 : : : 21-37
511-0 | 804-0 16-33 l | 725-5 : : : 22-35
511-9 | 803-3 16-51 7 | 731-5 7 : ; 22-50
513-6 | 803-6 16-53 5 | 785-6 : . 22.20
513-9 | 803-8 15-72 5 | 741-0 : : 22.90

ae
513-7 804-1 rl ‘ ”» 15- : 787- 23-09
512-8 804-6 . 6 ‘ “2 : : 24-71
512-4 805-2 : y 746. “ : : 24-18
511-7 . : +32 . 3: 22-80
511-5 “of i FP : . 23-64
512-2 : ° . : 5 F, 23-59
512-3 B . 765. : D 24-11
512-0 : . . : 4 24-85
512-7 : . : o D 26-08
511-4 ° K : o 27-88

13h, S :
510-0 ; x E F i i 26:96
509-4 . . = . : 26-86
511-6 : : 766. : : 27-46
512-0 : : Pa . . 27-70
512-9 5 < 5 s 5 : 27-93
511-8 . . 3. . . 27-78
510-5 “ : : . . . 27-95
512-4 i i : . 5 i - 27-58
510-6 : : 75: . “¢ . 27-41
509-4 : +. “ . : 27-47
509-7 : : é i a " 27:73
509-8 i i E zl 2. 3 27-06

Birman Twermomerer, . . . | 650 | 652 | 65:3 | 65:3 | 651 | 650 649 | 647 | 647 615 | 610 | 639 | 640 645 | 654 66-3

Batance TuErmometer, . . | 645 | 649 | 65-2] 65-2 | 65:3 eeieoie 65-1 65-0 | 648 | 644 | 54-2 64:5 | 65-0 | 65-4 | 66-2.

OBSERVER’S INITIAL, . . . . B B |e] B[ Dd] > WwW | w WwW | w u|u[u | Hy
dt

BiriLar. Observed 2™ after the Declination. *k=0:0001205.
BaLAnce, Observed 3™ after the Declination. k=0-000013 approximately. A

Sept. 202 14» 35m, Bright auroral glare fron NW by N to N, extending from the horizon to about 12° altitude. No pencils nor p -
tions visible. At 15" the aurora had disappeared.

Term-DAy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. 43

SEPTEMBER 20, 21. Ocroser 18, 19.

DeEcLina- BrFitar | BALANCE DECLINA- Brri,ar | BALANCE DEcLINA- BrritaR | BALANCE DEcCLINA- BirinaArR | BALANCE
TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.) Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected.

Se. Diy. ic. Div. Se. Diy. 4 Mic. Div. . Div. | Mic. Div. Se. Div. | Mic. Div.
Qh, 6h, 144,
25 26-32| 500-0 F 2. 506-3 if . . 816-5 5 20- 517-5 | 787-4
26-32| 501-9 -16| 506-2 | 827-9 f : z 81] 517-8 of
26-57 | 505-4 : : 505-2 <5 . . 815-8 . 518-3 788-7
26-57 | 507-1 : : 510-7 | 822-4 : ‘ A . 517-3
27-81} 509-8 : : 513-8 821-4 : i 814-2 . 516-4
28.28 | 508-5 . -05| 513-5 : : s -81| 514-9
28-28) 506.5 . F : : 811-6 : 513-2
27-38 | 502-6 5 ; Fi : : 809-2 3 513-6
27-61) 502-0 : : : % : 2 | 809-6 .63| 515-8
27-27| 502-2 : : : : : . 807-8 . 516-5
27-24) 502-5 799- 4 - s : : 806-4 E 515-4
27-61| 507-0 : * f 3 5 é : 515-4

oy ais : ; 154,
27-27 | 507-2 - 4 hi % A 3 ’ F 514-8
27-20) 507-2 + ef 28. B : ; i 512-9
26-80| 505-3 * i ; : : é 799. 88] 509-6
27-13) 509-7 : : ; , : ol 3 504-6
27-14} 512-8 A c Ls ‘ R ‘ : -76| 501-7
27-74) 517-4 : : 3 z f & : 500-4
27-80] 515-1 . \ c H i R : -75| 500-2
27-06 | 511-5 a 6 ji : c A 500-7
26-86] 510-9
27-04| 511-5
27-11} 511-2
26-72 | 512-4

4h,
26-48 | 512-1
26-39} 512-4
25-76 | 512-0
25:99] 511-1
25-72| 509-7
25-48 | 509-6
25-25 | 509-3
24-78 | 510-5
24-25 | 509-3
24-11) 517-1
23-98 | 513-9
22-72 | 513-5

Be
21-96| 514-1
21-88] 515-2
20-67 | 516-8
20-40} 517-8
20-63 | 522-3
20-72) 521-4
20-10] 520-7
20-85 | 520-0
22-00) 519-2
22-87} 516-5
22-58) 509-1
22-20) 507-2

moo oo bo

0
5
10
15
20
5
30
5

0
5
0
5

SESELaSa0

s| 9 10

Birman Tuermometer, . | 67-3] 68:3 | 69-7 | 70-6 708 | 69:9 | 689 | 67-9 | eos 499 | 50-7 51:9 | 52-0 530 | 631 | 531 53:0

BALANCE THERMOMETER, . eee 68-4 | 69:3 | 69:5 | 68-6 | oso | 67-5 66:9} 49-8 | 50-5 | 52-0 cea | 535 | 535 | 538 54:0

efeteietetetet fete tele le le

Biritar. Observed 2™ after the Declination. k=0-:0001205.
BALANCE. Observed 3™ after the Declination. k&=0-000013 approximately.

44 TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843.
Gottingen OcToBeR 18, 19.
Mean Time |}

Declination Decuina- Birirak | BALANCE DECLINA- BirivaR | BALANCE DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE DeEciiNna- Birinar
Observation. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected. TION. Corrected.
Min. = U Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. ‘ Sc. Div. | Mie. Div. = C Se. Div. | Mie. Div. =! 4 Sc. Div.

18h, gon. pas 62,
0 25 16-89) 514-2 | 754-6 | 25 17-88| 500-3 820-2 | 25 24-53) 516-0 786-9 | 25 18-12| 512-8
5 17-17 | 513-6 757-8 18-59 | 506-2 ay 23-81} 515-7 785-3 18-21) 514-3
10 15-54} 513-6 759-9 17-29 | 505-3 818-6 23-95 | 515-9 783-7 18-46 | 515-6
15 17-74| 513-7 » 18-62 | 504-8 818-5 23-93 | 517-4 “5 18-62) 517-0
20 17-79} 514-1 764-1 18-82} 506-5 818-1 24-85 | 518-7 787-2 18-93 | 517-8
25 17-85 | 515-2 763-9 18-93 | 502-9 816-6 24-60 | 517-3 787-6 19-47 | 518-6
30 17-98 | 514-8 764-9 18.32} 504-1 815-2 24:51} 515-0 787-3 19-86 | 518-5
35 18-15) 514-8 765-4 18-60 | 505-7 813-6 24-27 | 513-4 786-0 20-37 | 519-1
40 18-25| 514-2 773-7 18-73 | 504-5 816-6 24-04 | 514-8 785-3 20-54} 519-9
45 17-99 | 514-9 776-1 19-80} 504-4 815-9 23-29] 516-9 785-3 20-74| 518-8
50 18-30] 513-9 779-2 19-96 | 501-4 815-8 23-73 | 516-8 782-7 20-72} 520-0
55 17-72| 515-1 779-2 18-68 | 500-9 | 814-3 23-12} 518-7 53 20-35 | 520-2
19%, BB 3H ge
0 25 17-88] 514-9 As 25 18-59| 504-9 812-2 | 25 22-96| 517-5 780-3 | 25 20-45 | 519-7
5 17-96 | 815-1 780-3 19-67 | 504-8 810-7 22-55 | 514-1 785-4 20-20 | 519-3
10 17-67 | 517-5 780-3 20-23 | 505-9 811-0 22-02} 517-9 783-5 20-25 | 519.9
15 17-42} 518-7 A 20-47 | 505-2 811-9 22-96 | 522-3 787-0 20-00 | 518-9
20 17-31] 517-7 ny 21-55] 511-1 808-1 23-12) 521-7 788-0 20-11) 519-0
25 17-20| 515-8 781-7 23-59 | 509-5 808-3 22-92| 516-9 788-8 19-98 | 519-8
30 17-04) 513-0 782-2 22-65 | 502-1 809-6 }* 22-77] 516-3 794-7 19-42| 520-5
35 16-55 | 513-1 783-8 21-95] 504-8 808-3 22-76| 518-0 790-5 19-33 | 520-4
40 16-84} 512-6 788-1 21-29} 500-3 808-0 22-69 | 516-6 791-3 19-71} 519-0
45 16-92} 512-0 33 21-88 | 502-4 807-3 22-52) 517-5 793-0 20-08 | 519-0
50 16-92| 512-6 790-4 21-53} 505-1 807-0 22-30) 516-2 793-7 19-96 | 517-3
55 16-70 | 513-8 792:1 21-78 | 506-0 805-3 22-05 | 517-2 793-0 19-91 | 515-0
202: on. 4h, 8h,
0 25 16-43| 514-5 794-0 | 25 22.65| 503-8 3 25 22-08 | 518-8 792-9 | 25 19-71] 512-3
5 16-91} 512-2 796-8 22-08 | 505-1 804-0 21-95 | 519-7 792-7 19-70 | 509-0
10 16-53 | 511-6 4 22-38 | 506-1 803-4 21-88 | 518-1 793-3 18-35 | 510-4
15 16-35 | 511-3 800-0 22-22) 506-4 800-9 21-88 | 518-1 792-7 17-67 | 510-6
20 16:53 | 510-6 801-4 22-53 | 509-1 800-9 21-71 | 519-1 790-8 17-17 | 510-7
25 16-85 | 510-5 + 22-85 | 507-7 799-1 21-46 | 520-5 789-6 16-10) 511-0
30 16-78 | 508-9 803-7 22-72| 507-8 797-4 21-32] 521-2 789-3 15-32 | 512-5
35 16-89 | 509-8 ay 22-85 | 508-2 795-9 21-34 | 524-6 788-8 14:73 | 513-6
40 17-12) 509-4 804-8 22-70} 510-4 793-8 21-37 | 526-6 792-1 14:51 | 516-8
45 16-46} 511-0 as 22-82] 510-8 5 21-12] 526-3 791-9 15-32| 514-6
50 16-71 | 510-6 805-8 23-12} 510-8 792-6 21-05 | 523-1 795-7 15-29 | 511-8
55 16-57 | 508-4 A 23-24] 511-3 791-2 21-88 | 520-4 798-9 13-98 | 510-9
21h, 1%, Boe gh,
0 25 16-08] 508-2 808-5 | 25 23-32] 511-2 789-7 | 25 21-48| 518-5 801-5 | 25 13-03] 513-0
5 16-53 | 507-3 y 23-63 | 512-7 788-5 21-49 | 509-1 805-5 13:03 | 513-6
10 16-31) 506-6 812-5 23-63 | 510-6 788-6 20-67 | 503-1 816-2 13-91 | 513-2
15 16-17 | 505-7 ” 23-76 | 510-7 788-5 19-17 | 499-4 817-9 14-58 | 511-6
20 16-41 | 506-0 817-7 23-63 | 509-6 787-6 16-44] 509-2 818-3 14-38 | 512-8
25 16-57 | 504-6 “9 23-86! 510-3 788-2 16-85 | 512-4 818-1 14-80 | 513-9
30 16-37 | 505-3 821-0 23-83 | 513-3 786-4 17-31] 511-2 817-9 16-01 | 509-4
35 16-64} 505-3 “ 24:03 | 513-5 785-2 17-14} 508-4 818-2 15-49 | 509-8
40 16-94} 506-5 822-0 24.03 | 516-4 785-0 17-42] 511-1 817-9 15-32 | 508-7
45 17-64| 504-6 =p 24-77 | 518-2 784-2 17-31] 512-4 816-4 14-60 | 511-7
50 17-71 | 504-7 a 24-77 | 518-1 x 17:71 | 513-1 815-1 14-40 | 514.4
55 17-78 | 504.4 823-0 24-71 | 518-0 784-3 17-91 | 512-7 813-6 14-82} 515-7
Hour, .
Birman THERMOMETER, . 536 | 53-8 | 53-4 | 523 | 52:0 | 52:8 | 537 | 548 56-0 | 57-2 58-7 58:6 585 | 581 | 57-7 | 56:8
BALANCE THERMOMETER, . | 54:6} 54:9 | 54:9 | 54-0 | 54-0 | 54-6 | 55-3 | 56:0 | 57-0 | 58-0 | 58-9 | 59-1 | 59-0 | 59:0 | 59:0 | 58-7 | 580°

OBSERVER’S INITIAL,

BiFiLaR, | Observed 2™ after the Declination. k=0:0001205.
BALANCE. Observed 3™ after the Declination. k=0-000013 approximately.

MESES Tea SS: EXEUKORIESGHEDGS:

TreRM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. 45

NovemsBer 24, 25.

DEcLINA- Briritak | BALANCE DEcLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE DECLINA- BiFicar | BALANCE DECcLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE
TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Coxreated. |Correctert,
Ul Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. Se. Div. | Mic. Diy. = td Se. Div. | Mic. Div.
108. 14%, 18h, Qo
25 16-71} 523-0 858-6 | 25 17-59| 520-6 847-9 | 25 17-81| 522-2 848-3 | 25 18-46] 516-2 837-8
16-75 | 523-9 857-3 17-86 | 521-9 847-2] 522-5 846-9 18-52) 516-3 “)
17-05 | 525-1 864-4 18-19 | 522-3 843-8 . 522-2 846-6 18-46 | 516-0 +
17-14| 526-1 863-0 18-52} 521-9 : 521-7 846-0 18-66 | 514-5 An
17-14| 525-0 860-5 18-92] 521-6 843-2 521-5 845-4 18-35 | 515-6 fe
17-11} 524-3 860-3 18-38 | 521-9 841-5 521-4 845-5 19-07 | 514-7 As
17-15 | 523-2 858-5 18-28 | 522-0 » . 521-3 843-4 18-79} 514-4 837-8
17-17 | 523-1 857-0 19-07 | 521-3 5a : 522-0 842-9 19-26 | 514-1 cy
17-39 | 523-9 855-0 19-44 | 520-2 841-8 : 522-6 841-8 19-22) 513-1 aS
17:67 | 524-2 854-1 19-33 | 521-0 D 522-7 840-9 18-97 | 512-7 as
5 17-81 | 524-4 851-4 19-22] 521-0 §39-4 523-8 840-4 19-61 | 512-7 Ay
55 17-15 | 524-5 | 850-0 19.06 | 522-4 ie 522.8 i 19-39 | 512-6 G
114, 154, 19}, 23h,
¢ 25 17-39| 524-5 850-3 | 25 20-23] 523-0 | 835-4 | 25 522-9 840-3 | 25 19-60} 512-8 839-1
’ 17-20 | 523-7 848-3 18-92) 523-6 837-3 522-6 a 19-61} 512-2 of
{ 16-67 | 523-2 846-9 18-62 | 522-9 ay 522-3 840-3 19-71) 511-7 841-7
% 16-71 | 522-5 846-7 18-55 | 522-9 FA o 521-6 839-3 19-70 | 512-6 840-4
16-51) 521-9 851-4 18-62} 522-6 836-7 “2 521-4 838-8 20-14} 513-1 842-6
16-40 | 521-4 851-3 18-55 | 522-8 op 521-4 839-0 20-45 | 512-9 843-9
a 16-41 | 521-0 853-3 18-30 | 523-4 833-6 522-2 837-8 20-57 | 512-1 845-1
3 16-46 | 520-3 855-2 18-23 | 523-8 - 521-8 rh 20-57 | 510-1 845-8
10 16-28 | 519-2 856-1 17-89 | 523-7 832-8 521-7 rp 20-50 | 511-2 on
45 16-01 | 519-9 859-6 18-25 | 522-7 ” “ 521-4 837-3 20-70 | 510-7 846-6
50 16-40 | 519-7 861-6 18-25 | 521-8 834-2 521-7 836-8 20-60) 510-3 847-3
5 16-40| 519-8 | 860-8 17-62 | 522-7 Hf 522-1 af 20-57| 511-3 i
q 12h, 16%, 204, ob,
0 25 16-40] 518-6 859-5 | 25 17-34| 523-7 833-4 | 25 522-8 838-2 | 25 20-63] 510-7 848-9
5 16-:04| 519-7 860-5 17-20 | 523-9 836-4 522-3 838-1 20-65 | 511-3 55
10. 16-06] 518-8 | 861-6 16-97 | 524-0 BS 522-5 ? 20-61] 511-2 1s
5 15-86 | 518-2 863-4 16-78 | 523-9 3 522-6 838-6 20-81] 511-8 851-1
20 16-01} 518-4 op 16-67 | 522-9 835-2 522-6 838-7 20-74 | 511-7 852-5
2 16-40} 518-5 864-9 16-37 | 524-1 9 522-1 840-1 20-84] 511-7 0
0 16-68 | 519-0 865-2 16-46} 523-9 835-7 521-4 840-7 20-84] 511-7 on
5 17-07| 518-8 866-4 16-85 | 523-8 a 521-5 841-3 20-60 | 510-7 Py
0 17-09| 519-1 865-4 17-09 | 523-4 | 836-0 521-5 842-2 20-84) 512-2 854-0
4 17-83] 518-7 866-5 17-24| 522-8 AH 522.2 841-6 20-90 | 513-0
50 19-51} 517-6 864-0 17-07 | 523-3 a 521-6 842.0 21-02) 512-1 ae
D5 20-03} 518-5 861-1 17-07 | 523-8 838-2 522-0 | 842-4 21-07 | 512-6 854-8
: ross 174, 214, Ee
0 25 21-89] 521-3 855-4 | 25 17-20| 523-2 838-0 | 25 521:5 842-4 | 25 20-97] 512-7 854-8
5 21-89 | 522-7 850-7 17-27} 523-5 + 520-8 842-3 21:07} 513-0 856-5
0 21-88] 522-2 | 846-7 17-44| 522-6 a 520-4 | 842-1 21-12} 512-7 H
21-08} 521-9 840-9 17-20) 523-0 844-4 520-2 842-5 20-87 | 512-1 857-4
19-65 | 521-3 837-4 17-22| 523-2 a 519-4 840-5 20-60 | 512-3 858-2
18.23 | 522-2 835-5 17-25 | 523-1 848-2 518-7 840-8 20-41) 513-9 »
17-27 | 522-3 833-2 17-20 | 523-3 848-5 517-9 840-2 20-74) 514-2 857-6
16-68 | 522-2 9 17-07 | 523-8 845-2 519-1 838-9 20-63] 514-1 856-2
16-84) 521-2 834.7 17-09 | 524-0 ” 518-1 837-8 20-54] 514-8 “A
17-45 | 520-8 844-8 17-00 | 524-0 847:3 517-4 837-4 20-63 | 516-0 e
17-:74| 520-4 oF 17-17 | 523-9 oy 517-3 837-4 20-63) 515-6 py
17-54} 520-9 845-0 17-44| 523-1 847-2 517-3 837-1 20:54 | 515-0 855-6

, Sea aa Ee w | 13 | 1 15 16 | 17 | 18 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 a | o| 1

BIFILAR THERMOMETER, . . . | 51-4 528 | 530 | 532 | 54s | 5o-2 56:7 | 55:6 | 55:3 | 558 | 558 | 55-5 55:6 | 55-0 547 | 54-4

BALANCE THERMOMETER, . . | 522 | 530 | 53:5 | 540 | 559 | 56:3 | 57-0 | 56-7 | 87-0 | 676 | 575 57°3 | 57-0 | 70 | 565 | 565

OBSERVERS INITIAL, . .. . D D D

D u | u|u|sB |B Bls{/wlwlwtliw

BirFinar. Observed 2™ after the Declination. k=0-0001300.
BaLance. Observed 3™ after the Declination. k=0:000014 approximately.

MAG. AND MET. ozs. 1843. a

46 TrerM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843.

Gottingen NovemBEr 24, 25. DecEMBER, 20, 21.
Mean Time

of |
Declination DECLINA- Brrinar | BALANCE DECLINA- Brrizan | BALANCE DEcLINA- BrrivarR | BALANCE DECLINA- Brrrtar | Bava
Observation. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corre

Se. Div. Mic, Div. Se. Div. Mic. Div. 2 v Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. o Y Se. Div.
gh. 6h, 10%,
25 20-40) 514-4 | 855-6 | 25 18-38| 518-5 | 866-8 | 25 17-27; 516-0 | 839-8 | 25 18-70|
| 515-4 | 855.0 .35| 518-7 | 867-8 17-85 | 516-1 w 18-97
515-0 Ee .33| 518-9 | 868-4 17-69| 515-4 | 840-0 18-99
516-1 | 855-8 5| 518-8 | 868-9 17-72} 515-1 i 18-62
516-7 | 856-3 519-0 | 869-0 17-96| 515-4 oi 18-55 |
516-9 nl 3-19] 519-3 | 868-8 17-88] 516-1 | 839-5 17-98 |
517-3 | 854-8 32| 519-2 | 868.9 17:76| 517-1 | 833-9 18-41
517-7 | 856-3 .39| 519-3 | 867-2 17-69 | 517-7 a 18-55
| 517-9 bs .25| 519-0 | 866-8 17-64| 516-5 | 837-0

518-2 id .23| 518-7 | 866-8 17-27 | 514-5 6
518-6 | 856-5 .32| 518-7 | 866-9 17:36| 514-5 | 835-6
518-2 | 856-7 -38| 518-6 | 867-0 17-56| 515-1
gh, 7h, 11h,
517-6 | 856-1 -39| 518-8 | 866-2 17-47 | 515-4
517-4 | 857-0 -38| 518-8 | 864-4 17-42] 514-9
518-8 | 857-5 -41| 518-8 | 864-2 17-74| 515-5
518-2 | 858-2 -48| 519-0 17-89| 516-0
516-8 | 858-8 -50| 518-7 53° 17-86| 516-2
516-8 | 858-3 -52| 518-5 17-76| 515-6
516-2 | 858-9 -48| 519-1 32. 18-30| 515-7
515-8 | 859-1 -46| 519-0 ; 18-25 | 516-7
516-8 | 858-7 .35 | 519-0 : 18-53| 517-8
516-7 | 859-5 .05| 519-2 : 18-43| 517-9
516-3 | 859-5 -32| 519-1 : 18-41] 517-8
518-1 | 859-7 -32| 518-9 : 18-21| 517-0

4h, 8h, 12h
517-3 860-1 -41| 519-3 c 18-41 | 516-5
516-7 859-9 . 519-5 18-43 | 515-6
517-4 859-7 : 519-5 : 18-25 | 517-3
517-6 859-4 : 518-7 u 17-38 | 522-9
517-7 859-9 D 518-8 15-93 | 524-1
518-2 859-9 : 518-7 : 15-77 | 522-3
517-5 860-4 ‘15| 518-9 56: 16-55 | 518-1
518-1 861-0 16} 518-2 : 17-25 | 515-2
518-6 862-1 +25 | 518-7 A 17-88 | 514-7
518-6 | 861-9 : 518-4 18-15} 515-0
518-4 | 861-8 85 | 518-7 . 18-38 | 515-5
518-3 861-6 -69 | 518-2 3: 18-23 | 516-0

5h, gb, 13,
518-3 | 865-4 . 520-1 . 17:96 | 516-3
518-5 | 867-5 -34| 519-1 4- 17-79} 515-9
518-6 | 868-4 7: 518-9 | 855- 17-:89| 515-8
518-9 | 868-3 : 519-1 5: 18-21| 516-0
518-9 | 868-1 47 | 519-1 55-6 18-:55| 516-9
518-9 | 867-9 32) 519-0 : 18-62] 517-9
518-5 | 867-8 -24| 518-9 18-86| 518-6
518-6 | 867-8 -27| 518-6 : 18-53 | 517-7
519-1 i7- -34| 518-0 18-79| 517-0
519-0 : . 517-5 : 18-70 | 516-8
518-8 37-2 : 517-1 . 18:55) 515-4
518-6 : 89) 517-0 2-2 18-55) 515-1

10 | 11

| 12
539 | 54-0 | 54 27 | 537 | 5 47 | 55:6 | 560

BALANCE THERMOMETER, i 0 | 56-7 559 | 56:0 "5 | 5675 si 56°3 | 5647 | 55°9 | 56:9 | 57°8 | 58:2
Opserver’s INITIAL, « © | C = uae SB | D | w H | H | i sa ae

Biriuar. Observed 2™ after the Declination. 4=0-:0001300.
BALANCE. Observed 3™ after the Declination. &=0:000014 approximately.

TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. 47
DEcEMBER 20, 21.
D 1 DEcLINA- BIrILaR | BALANCE DECLINA- BIFILaR | BALANCE DEcLINA- Brrinak | BALANCE DEcLINA- Brritan | BALANCE
0 TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected.
f : ° 4 Sc. Div. e Se. Div. Be Ui Mic. Div.} Sc. Div. | Mic. Div.
f 18h, 22h, oh 6,
: 25 18-53 | 520-4 25 17-27) 516-2 517-7 840-7 | 25 20-63] 516-5 841-2
: 18:55 | 520-6 17-31 | 516-0 517-8 841-8 20-79 | 515-6 840-1
1 18-46 | 520-2 17-27 | 515-9 517-8 Fy 20-63 | 516-2 840-1
Pa 18-52 | 520-3 17-41] 515-8 517-8 844-3 20-61 | 515-7 839-8
[ 18-55 | 520-1 17-58 | 515-7 517-9 a 20-61 | 514-7 840-0
i 18-63 | 520-2 17-64 | 515-9 518-2 842-7 20-55 | 513-9 “
t 18-63 | 520-1 17-74| 516-0 518-8 845-5 20-30} 514-2 839-7
j 18-55 | 520-2 17-86 | 515-7 518-2 843-8 20-13 | 513-7 839-8
a 18-72 | 520-0 17-88 | 515-3 518-7 844-5 19-76 | 513-1 840-0
18-62} 520-1 17-92} 515-2 518-9 844-6 19-76} 514-4 839-9
H 18-68 | 520-0 17-98 | 515-4 518-7 * 19-81] 514-3 iN
| 18-68 | 519-4 18-21] 515-2 518-6 843-9 19-94} 513-0 840-6
' 198, 230, 3h, 7,
0 25 18-55 | 520-0 18-35 | 515-0 518-5 843-9 | 25 19-74) 513-7 os
| 5 18-57 | 520-1 18-41 | 515-5 518-5 ay 19-60} 513-4 841-7
10 18-55 | 520-0 18:52} 514-8 518-6 843-0 19-80} 513-2 843-2
; ifj 18-68 | 519-5 18-68 | 514-7 518-7 a 19-83 | 513-4 842-3
' 20 18-62} 519-6 18-63 | 514-5 | 518-5 843-0 19-27) 514-9 oy
j 25 18-62} 519-6 18-70 | 514-7 518-9 oe 19-84 515-8 840-5
30 18-55 | 519-7 18:79 | 514-6 519-0 843-1 19-89} 515-2 840-1
| 35 18-55 | 519-3 19:07 | 514-6 518-3 a4 20-10} 515-5 840-8
| 40 18-55 | 519-1 19-15) 515-3 518-1 842-1 20-01} 515-4 839-2
| 45 18-50 | 519-2 19-06} 515-0 518-0 ” 19-83 | 516-3 835-7
50 18-35 | 519-2 19-36] 514-1 518-3 sy 20-32} 516-3 “A
| 55 18-35 | 519-2 19-06 | 514-3 518-5 | 841-3 19-86| 516-1 834-6
| 204, on. 4h, 8h,
0 25 18-41] 518-7 19-22| 513-7 518-9 | 840-0 | 25 20-21) 515-3 835-4
im 5 18-33 | 518-8 19-36 | 514-1 519-4 PA 19-83 | 514-9 835-3
10 - 18-16} 518-7 19-33) 514-0 518-9 840-1 19-83 | 514-5 835-4
165 18-01) 518-4 19-36 | 513-9 518-1 59 19:40} 513-5 836-0
20 18-01} 518-3 19-39 | 514-0 516-7 839-6 19-06 | 512-5 a
| 25 18-01 | 518-3 19-65 | 514-0 516-8 839-9 18-50 | 514-1 833-5
30 18:01} 518-3 19-42} 514-0 518-8 Fy 18-13 | 514-5 833-4
| 35 18-01} 518-0 19-78} 514-4 519-9 838-7 17-83 | 513-4 834-1
| 40 17-92) 518-1 19-93 | 514-8 521-3 838-8 17-25 | 514-1 831-1
| 15 17-92 | 518-2 19-93 | 515-4 519-7 840-4 17-22| 515-1 830-1
50 17-88 | 518-0 20-38 | 515-7 517-6 841-1 17-88 | 514-6 832.8
+65 17-88 | 517-9 20-67 | 515-5 517-3 os 18-01 | 512-7 34-3
21, 1, 5h gh,
0 25 17-81 | 517-3 20-63 | 515-5 517-0 | 840-0 | 25 17-64| 514-0 833-8
5 17-67 | 517-5 20-67 | 515-7 517-4 PA 17-67 | 515-0 831-0
| 0 17-67 | 517-6 20-70| 515-6 517-6 841-1 17-54 | 514-9 830-6
1s 17-56 | 517-3 20-70 | 515-7 517-1 841-8 17-20 | 515-1 829-4
20 17-49 | 517-3 20-67 | 515-9 518-2 5 17-27) 515-5 829-3
20 17-45 | 517-2 20-68 | 516-3 515-5 844-3 17-47 | 514-8 829-9
| 30 17-38 | 517-0 20:82} 516-4 515-4 on 17-29 | 514-8 831-2
86 17-32 | 516-8 20-75 | 516-6 517-3 a 17-34 | 514-7 830-6
» 40 17-27 | 516-7 20-97 | 517-3 518-0 842-1 17-34 | 514-2 829-2
: B 17-27 | 516-8 21-08 | 516-8 40- 517-7 5 17-12} 513-7 829-2
; 0 17-24| 516-4 20-72) 516-8 840-6 20-43 | 517-8 841-5 13-84 | 515-3 822-9
i : . 20-82) 516-9 841-7 20-43 | 518-7 841-3 9-85 | 518-4 821-6
Hour, : a | 22 ]23 | o | 1 | 2/3] 4 | Suleul eel ins | 9 | 10
Biritar Tuermomersr, . | 57-0 | sro | 670 | 672 | 67-0 | 56-4 | 56-1 | 561 | 56-4 | 667 | sr0 | 56:8 | 563 | 560 | 55-4 | 55-0 | 546
LANCE THERMOMETER, | 59:3 | 591 | 59:5 | 59 | 50-2 58-4 | 58:5 58:5 | 586 59.0 | 590 | 58-6 58-2 a7-6 | 57-0 56:3 | 55-7

RVER’S INITIAL, . . D | D D WwW WwW W W W | H H B B D D D WwW

BIFILAR.
BALANCE,

Observed 2™ after the Declination.
Observed 3™ after the Declination.

k=0-0001300.
k=0:000014 approximately.

EXTRA OBSERVATIONS

Or

MAGNETOMETERS.

MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATORY,
18438.

50 ExtTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JANUARY 2—FEBRUARY 14. 1843.

Gottingen
Mean Time.

dad. he
Jane eno

DECLINATION.

BIFILar.

BALANCE.

| Min.

Reading

of
Obs. Reduced.

° ,

m.
0 | 25 25-04

36 5-43

6:37
12-03
18-95
20-57
20-77
22:38
25-88

Reading
Cor-
rected.

Se. Div.
536-6

536-7
554-6
555-1
540-0
535-0
532-3
532-2
531-4

rected.

846-6
880-0
865-3
856-2
853-9
853-9
874-1
845-4
846-4

Mie. Div.

23-01
19.29
15-19
16-94
13-30

7-11

9.34
15-99
20.43
22-79
23-26
22-85
23-19
23-79
24-67
24-60
24-53
22-06

527-0
505-1
516-1
513-2
512-5
525-9
535-9
531-2
527-4
523-1
521-9
526-0
530-0
532-3
532-9
533-4
534-2
531-4

834-4
866-7
871-2
883-5
895-2
885-8
8758
870-3
863-5
859-6
855-7
849-3
840-6
834-7
§28-1
824.9
825-8
811-0

26-66
28-54
27-80
25-88
27-19
27-13

27-51
20:87

526-5
518-3
515-1
521-1
519-3
517-5

519-0
524-2

859-4
852-2
846-7
843-0
843-9
842-9
842-1

842-0

Gottingen
Mean Time.

Feb. 13 10

Feb. 13 11

DECLINATION.

BIFILAR.

BALANCE,

Min. Reading

Reduced.

24 56-48
25 3-61
6-77

4:75

9-47
12-88
14.28
17-24
19-33
18-65
18-43
18-41
23-66
23-79
24-17

8-17
7-48
7-91
9:87
10-34
9:54
9:27
11-89
14-38
17:17
19-49
21-91
22-65
22-32

Obs.

Min.| Reading
°
of Cor-
rected.

Se. Div.
534-5
524-5
514-5
528-0
529-5
527-2
532-0
529-9
525-7
524-9
524-9

534:3
536-8
540-0

Min.
of
Obs.

531-1
534-6
536-7
532-0

21-04
30-12
28-35
25-99
22-11
20-60
19-65
17-04
16-55
18-01
20-10
21-17
45-20
44:31
49-42

532-1
529-0
526-4
528-4
534-2
534-1
530-4
533-4

528-9
520-2

538-7
538-7

798-9
798-6
797-7
794-9
796-6
800-3
801-7

804:5
834-6

830-1
824-8

806-8

Feb. 14 8

Feb. 14 9

21-44
15-29
14-06
16-53
18-75
21-17
21-91
17-31
11-62

5-29

7:38

13:17
13-95
16-46
15-69
13-86
12-36
13-24
17-14
20-37
21-31
22-45
22-67

BIFILAR.

k=0:0001248.

BALANCE.

k=0-000015 approximately.

BiIriLaR THERMOMETER.
BALANCE THERMOMETER.

\ Feb. 64 9}, {

53°-8 |
56°07

62 114,

52°-7 |
54°5?

134 114, {

51°3
54°-0"

For the readings of the Bifilar and Balance Thermometers at the hours of the Daily Observations, see the section containing these ob

vations.

rected, |

EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, FEBRUARY 14—24. 1843. 51

|

DECLINATION. || BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION. BIFILAR, BALANCE.
ee rgen |Mtin.| penging | Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading srottingen latin Reading | Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading
ia 5 of | Reduced. || of Cor- of Cor- i ofl pedueed:, || 208 Cor- of | Cor-

Obs. " ||Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected. Obs. Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected.
Pa fete || mi ie ¢ | m. | Se.Div. |] m. | Mic. Div. doen pene |e 4 m. | Se.Div. || m. | Mie. Div.
Beb. 14 10 1 522-9 2) 756-9 | Feb. 24 4 || 55 | 25 41-41] 57 547-7 || 58 796-1
j. 4 | 25 22-08) 6 524-2 7 | 759-3 | Feb. 24 5 0 42-10| 2] 546-0 3 798-3
— = =! | 5 41-12) 7] 539-2 | 8 | 800-5
feb. 16 6 0 | 25 27-34] 2 542-0 3 | 756-1 10 40-73 || 12 537-9
Feb. 16 7 | 40 10-48 || 42 549-7 || 43 769-4 15 40-73 | 17 540-6 || 18 803-0
' 45 12-36 || 47 548-3 || 48 771-7 20 41-18 || 22 533-0 |
}. 50 13-25 || 52 542-8 || 53 770-5 25 40-77 || 27 530-5 | 28 811-2
F 55 12:40 || 57 544-5 || 58 768-0 30 38-15] 32 | 527-1 || 33 819-4
eb. 16 8 0 14:06 |) 2 543-8 3 767-8 35 36-63 | 37 528-4 || 38 827-5
5 17-44|| 7 536-7 8 769-8 40 34-73 || 42 531-2 || 43 837-0
10 18-41 || 12 531-2 || 13 769-3 45 33-34] 47 | 533-1 || 48 853-0
15 17-34 | 17 529-8 || 18 769-0 50 31-94 | 52 530-6 || 53 867-2
| 20 17-27 || 22 536:8 || 23 765-2 55 30-68 | 57 534-0 || 58 870-7
25 18:15] 27 | 534-3 | 28 | 766-8 | Feb. 24 6 0 30-62) 2 528-9 3 878-6
30 17-74 || 32 535-1 | 33 766-6 5 28-20|| 7 526-3 8 879-3
q 35 17-51) 37 | 536-0 | 38 | 761-4 10 24-37 || 12 532-6 | 13 876-7
eb. 16 10 0 23-19|| 2 537-8 | 3 | 760-6 15 22-67 || 17 536-6 | 18 | 872-0
7 h 20 21-88 | 22 538-5 || 23 873-3
eb. 23 18 0 | 25 21-24|) 2 544.1 | 3 725-2 25 21-44 || 27 534-4 || 28 876-8
3 50 21-17 || 52 543-9 || 53 727-5 30 22-49 || 32 531-3 || 33 885-0
23 20 0 21-51 2 543-9 3 723-0 35 22-22 || 37 527-3 || 38 §89-2
23 22 9 27-38 || 2 528-7 3 725:8 40 20-14) 42 532-4 || 43 881-1
24 0 0 32-27, 2 539-1 3 727-8 45 19-20 || 47 537-9 || 48 871-7
24 1 | 35 34-21 || 37 538-6 || 38 731-8 50 21-59] 52 537-9 || 53 870-6
24 2 0 34-68 | 2 538-6 3 735-9 55 23-29 || 57 | 541-7 || 58 873-6
10 36-67 | 12 540-7 || 13 738-7 | Feb. 24 7 0 24-:78|| 2 545-3 3 867-7
15 36-95 5 28-08) 7 544-5 8 868-2
25 38-62 | 27 536-4 || 28 742.8 10 32-72 || 12 532-8 | 13 886-7
30 38-75 || 32 535-1 || 33 745-0 15 30-42 || 17 533-5 | 18 896-1
35 38-72 | 37 531-4 | 38 746-5 20 30-02 | 22 533-5 || 23 911-2
40 38-01 | 42 531-7 || 43 746-9 25 27-58 || 27 532-2 || 28 905-6
i 45 38-18 | 47 534-5 | 48 749-2 30 26-40 || 32 530-5 || 33 899.7
eb. 24 3 0 40-33) 2 536-8 3 751-9 35 26-66 || 37 531-2 | 38 891-8
i 5 40-68 || 7 540-6 8 753-5 40 27-58 || 42 515-8 | 43 897-8
10 41-61 || 12 541-3 | 13 756-6 45 24-82 | 47 528-9 || 48 901-4
15 42-95 || 17 543-5 || 18 757-4 50 28-15 || 52 527-0 || 53 894-7
20 43-09 | 22 539-2 || 23 764-1 55 27-38 || 57 529-3 || 58 889-6
25 42.43 | 27 539-9 | 28 768-9 | Feb. 24 8 0 26:79) 2 523-5 3 887-8
by 30 41-86 || 32 544-0 || 33 771-5 5 22-79] 7 527-1 8 878-1
> ' 35 42-65 || 37 544-0 | 38 | 775-8 10 22-05 || 12 526-1 13 866-0
40 42-53 || 42 544-1 || 43 780-8 ; 15 23-06 || 17 §21-4 | 18 856-4
45 41-02 | 47 546-4 | 48 782-4 20 22-25 || 22 519-8 | 23 855-9
50 41-04 | 52 550-4 || 53 785-4 25 20-10 || 27 519-1 || 28 | 853-5
_ 55 41-39] 57 | 537-9 | 58 791-1 30 19-84 || 32 522-4 || 33 850-1
Db. 24 4 0 43-60 2 535-2 3 794-1 35 19-68 || 37 521-0 || 38 850-0
\ 5 43-68 | 7 530-4 8 796-6 40 19-07 || 42 521-0 || 43 845-5
10 42-08 | 12 525-2 || 13 798-0 45 18-08 | 47 524-9 || 48 833-9
15 41-00 | 17 525-8 | 18 795-5 50 17-98 || 52 526-0 || 53 837-6
20 40-33 | 22 527-1 || 23 | 794-3 55 18-26 || 57 | 528-9 || 58 830-7
25 38-01 || 27 534-0 || 28 792-1 | Feb. 24 9 0 18-18] 2 531-8 3 826-2
30 38-18 || 32 537-9 || 33 791-5 5 19-61) 7 532.6 | 8 821-2
35 37-81 || 37 | 546-5 || 38 | 789-8 10 21-84] 12 529-3 || 13 816-2
40 38.75 || 42 | 554-4 | 43 789-9 15 23-16 || 17 525-9 || 18 811-1
45 40-65 | 47 558-7 || 48 791-6 20 22-25 | 22 523-7 || 23 813-3
50 40-64 | 52 541-0 || 53 794-5 25 21-89 || 27 525-7 || 28 807-7
Birirar. k=0 0001248. BaLancE. k=0:000015 approximately.
} o 9, 9, , 1,
| Busanen Tusanonnrnn, } Ped-24ewsase, {727 aus an, {Fongs oar se, {Epa s Me™ [Bogs MEO [Sooge
bg

52 Extra OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, FEBRUARY 24—Mancu 6. 1848.

DecuinaTion. | BIFILaR, BALANCE. | DectinaTion., | Brrinar. BALANCE, |
mac I Mets 'rpual| Gc cee | en ae ee a |
gotten | Min Reading | Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading Bae aaa | Min.) Reading ‘Min,) Reading || Min. ng |
of | Reduced. of Cor- || of Cor- of | Reduced. || of Cor- of |
Obs. | Obs. rected. || Obs.| rected. Obs. One. rected. || Obs. |
ah | mle « | m. | Sc.Div. || m. | Mic. Div. d. h. | mew eee | m, | Se.Div. || m. ieDivs |
Feb. 24 9 | 30 | 25 21-53) 32) 5265 | 33 | 806-9 | Mar. 6 6) 0 | 25 28-10) 2) 535-1 3 |
35 21-51] 37 | 526-5 || 38 | 806-2 | 15 26-28 || 17 | 526-3 | 18 5 |
40 20-57) 42 | 527-0 | 43 | 804-8 20 24-11] 22 | 531-9 | 23 |- 7584
45 19-04, 47 | 527-4 | 48) 798-1 25 22.82 27 | 538-3 | 28 | 754s
50 18-41 || 52 | 527-4 || 53 | 800-0 30 22-92] 32) 541-8 | 33 | 754.40)
55 18-89|, 57 | 525-9 | 58 | 785-3 35 23-29) 37 540-4 | 38 | 7548
Feb. 24 10 || 0 20-16] 2) 527-0 3 | 783-2 40 22:06 | 42 | 541-0 | 43 | 755.
| —|} 45 21-21] 47 | 540-0 | 48 | 7554
Feb. 25 10 || 0 | 25 16-40) 2| 544-3 3 | 743-2 50 19-71|| 52 | 541.5 | 53 | 757:
5 9-84|| 7 | 559-0 8| 736-4 55 19-54
10 8-40] 12 | 567-3 | 13 | 730-0 | Mar. 6 7] 0 20:08 2) 543-4 3 | 757-6 |
15 10-32|| 17 | 563-3 || 18 | 730-9 15 23-41|| 17 | 540-4 | 18 | 759s
20 11-82|| 22 | 556-5 || 23 | 729-4 25 21-32] 27 | 538-4 | 28 | 759.0
25 13-17] 27 | 549-0 | 28 | 731-5 30 22.25 ’
30 14-78 || 32 | 538-4 | 33 | 737-7 | Mar. 6 8] 0 25-75 || 2| 542-3 3 | 760-4
35 16-89 | 37 | 523-9 || 38 | 742-3 15 26-62) 17 | 536-7 | 18 | 762-2
40 15-96 42 | 516-5 || 43 | 744-9 30 25-92 || 32 | 533-8 | 33 | 765-4
45 18-92 47 | 508-3 || 48 | 751-2 45 26-53 47 | 535-7 | 48 | 7654
50 21-07] 52 | 508-3 | 53 | 752-5 | Mar. 6 9] 0 23-03 || 2| 539-4 3 | 7594
5s) 21-89] 57 | 511-0 | 58 | 752-3 10 19-19] 12 | 544-5 | 13 | 758%
Feb. 25 11 || 0 22-45] 2] 515-7 3 | 750-0 15 14-29] 17 | 544-9 | 18 | 758
5 23.23]; 7 | 519-4 8 | 744-5 20 10-73 || 22 | 552-2 || 93 | 75ae
10 93.44], 12 | 518-7 || 13 | 743-8 25 13-91| 27 | 555-1 | 98 | 7414
15 21-98] 17 | 522-5 || 18 | 742-3 30 17-98 || 32 | 545-1 | 33 | 737%
20 20-13 || 22 | 530-5 || 23 | 737-7 35 16-64) 37 | 538-7 | 38 | 734
25 19-27|| 27 | 535-1 | 28 | 737-7 40 15-20| 42 | 544-5 | 43 | 733
30 18-75 || 32 | 536-8 || 33 | 732-8 45 14-65 | 47 | 949-8 | 48 | 728:
35 18-46 || 37 | 536-0 | 38 | 732-8 50 16:10) 52 | 544-4 | 53 | 728:
40 18-12] 42 | 540-4 || 43 | 733-1 55 15-86 || 57 | 9542-2 | 58 | 729
45 19-26|| 47 | 541-9 || 48 | 732-2 | Mar. 610] 0 15-23 || 2| 536.4 3 | 726:
50 20-40] 52 | 541-0 | 53 | 730-2 5 15-52) 7 | 532-0 8 | 728:
55 20:87 || 57 | 539-5 || 58 | 729-7 10 14-51] 12 | 525-8 | 13 | 725
= 15 13-3217 | 526-9 || 18 |) 715
Mar. 4 10|| 0/| 25 19-81] 2) 534-8 3| 755-4 20 16-10 || 22 | 518-6 || 93 | 707
5 21-19] 7 | 532-3 8 | 756-4 25 18-99 || 27 | 507-5 || 98 | 704
10 22:03] 12 | 531-7 | 13 | 756-4 30 15-32| 32 | 514.0 || 33 | 703
20 19-70|| 22 | 537-2 | 23 | 744.9 35 15-86 || 37 | 523-0 | 38 | 694
| 25 17-34|| 27 | 541-8 || 28 | 735.4 40 18-32|| 42 | 528.4 | 43 | 696
30 14-35) 32 | 542-3 || 33 | 729-1 45 20-00 || 47 | 534-2 | 48 | 699
35 13-81]| 37 | 532-1 || 38 | 730-3 50 19-71] 52 | 525-5 || 53 | 699
40 13-07 || 42 30-9 | 43 | 732-2 55 15-70) 57 | 529-0 | 58 | 700
45 14-28|| 47 | 535-2 || 48] 728-8 | Mar. 6 11] 0 12-51|| 2] 527-1 3 | 694
50 18-12} 52 | 537-4 || 53 | 728-2 5 9-49) 7 | 530-2 8 | 678
55 22-251 57 | 534-8 | 58 | 726-5 10 8-23) 12 | 519-1] 13 | 66%
Mar. 4 11]} 0 23-23], 2) 530-3 3] 725-4 15 6-45|| 17 | 513-9 | 18 | 664
15 21-17] 17 | 532-7 | 18 | 724-1 20 4:45 || 22 | 522:7 | 93 | 69
20 20-43 || 22 | 531-7 | 23 | 723-5 25 4:08 || 27 | 522-7 || 98 | 672
30 18-79 | 32 | 527-7 | 33 | 734-2 30 5-70] 32 | 520-2 | 33 | 676
40 19:07 || 42 | 525-8 || 43 | 740-9 35 7:08 37 | 517-0 | 38 | 67%
50 19:09) 52 | 533-3 || 53 | 741-1 40 7-26 42 | 514-1 | 43 | 677m
Mar. 412] 0 19-96) 2| 532.4 3) 745-0 45 7-08 | 47 | 512-3 | 48 | 68]
- - 50 7-55|| 52 | 517-7 | 53 | 687
Mar. 5 18 || 0 | 25 22.96] 2| 528-4 || 3] 729-4 | 55 8-98 | 57 | 522-2 | 58] 691
; 30 25.54 32 | 531-8 | 33 | 719-2 | Mar. 6 12] 0 10-92 2| 524.6 | 3) 70a
Mar. 5 20] 0 30-37], 2] 537-3 3] 712-2 D 12:58] 7 | 524.5 8 | 70
Biritar. k=0-0001248. Batance. k=0:000015 approximately.

BiriLar THERMOMETER.

5 53°-0 50°°7 55°-8 56°6
BALANCE THERMOMETER. } BOCA ME Sr {Bae ASIEN, peat Sa: ie EE { 58°0°

Feb. 24410. TPor the continuation of these observations, see the Term Observations.
Feb. 254 105, Continued from the Term Observations.

EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, Marcu 6—7. 1843. 53

DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE,
Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading gottingen | Min, Reading | Min.) Reading | Min.) Reading
of | Reduced. of Cor- of Cor- Chal reduced. | 0% Cor- of Cor-
Obs. Obs.| rected. |/Obs.| rected. Obs. Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected.
masty|ue m. | Sc.Div. || m, | Mie. Diy. tier fel rmeanl are | m. | Se.Div. || m. | Mie. Div.
10 | 25 13-95] 12 | 521-2 | 13 | 702-7 | Mar. 6 17 5 | 25 23-59) 7) 517-1 8 | 580-6
15 14.48 17 | 521-7 | 18 | 702-3 10 21-84] 12 | 521-7 | 13 | 587-5
30 18-13) 32) 515-3 | 33 | 704-5 15 19-89] 17 | 522-9 | 18) 595-9
42) 507-0 | 43 | 685-3 20 18-68 | 22 | 521-9 || 23 | 601-7
45 24:80 47 | 505-6 | 48 | 663-9 25 17-11] 27 | 521-6 | 28 | 608-9
50 27-46 || 52 | 505-1 | 53 | 640-4 30 16-91] 32 | 518-4 | 33 | 617-6
55 27-16 || 57 | 522-9 | 58) 636-1 35 16-85] 37 | 517-2 | 38 | 625-6
0 26:01) 2) 525-5 3 | 635-5 40 17-20] 42 | 519-6 | 43 | 635-6
5 26-:19|| 7 | 518-5 8 | 632-1 45 17:07 || 47 | 521-9 || 48 | 647-7
10 25-43 || 12 | 509-6 | 13 | 620-3 50 17-45 || 52 | 526-1 || 53 | . 654-7
15 23-70) 17 | 503-4 | 18 | 617-2 55 17-98 || 57 | 526-7 4] 58 | 659-5
20 19-87 || 22 | 506-5 || 23 | 623.0 | Mar. 618] 0 17-61) 2) 525-4 3 | 661-6
25 16-40 || 27 | 521-6 || 28) 626.8 5 16-67|| 7 | 528-8 8 | 663-8
33 | 563-8 10 16-84] 12 | 528-5 | 13] 668.4
35 25-22 37 | 550-1 | 38 | 645-0 15 17-20] 17 | 528-3 || 18 | 671-3
40 33-49 | 42 | 543-4 || 43 | 639-1 20 17-71| 22 | 527-7 || 23 | 670-5
45 32-65 | 47 | 532-1 | 48 | 637-8 25 17:72 27 | 529-2 | 28 | 672.8
50 29-75 || 52 | 526-1 | 53 | 641-8 30 18-65 | 32 | 530-3 | 33 | 674-6
55 20-54 || 57 | 534-1 | 58] 651-4 35 19-87 37 | 527-8 || 38 | -677-.4
‘Mar. 6 14] 0 12-16) 2) 540-9 3 | 659-8 40 20-58 42 | 526-5 | 43 | 684.4
' 5 8-43|| 7 | 546-4 8 | 658-3 45 21-51] 47 | 527.9 | 48 | 688-0
} 10 7-58 12 | 548-5 | 13 | 652-1 50 22-77 || 52 | 521-7 | 53 | 690-0
| 15 9-67] 17 | 540-5 | 18 | 648-2 55 23-12|| 57 | 526-5 || 58 | 692.2
1% 20 11-02 22 | 537-3 | 23 | 650-9 | Mar. 619] 0 23-04|/ 2| 528-3 3 | 697-0
i@ 25 11:98 | 27 | 536-0 | 28 | 645-7 5 23-86 || 7 | 527-7 8 | 700-9
i 30 14:58 | 32 | 531-9 | 33 | 638-6 10 24.74|/ 12 | 525-1 || 13 | 703-7
| & 35 15-52|| 37 | 526-7 | 38 | 633-2 15 24-531 17 | 526-1 | 18 | 705-3
H 40 15-25 42 | 523-9 | 43 | 630-3 20 24-60 22 | 527-8 | 23 | 705-6
ie 45 14:29] 47 | 519-8 | 48 | 622-7 25 24.40) 27 | 530-9 | 28 | 705-7
50 12:16) 52 | 519-8 | 53 | 617-8 30 24-30 || 32 | 532.6 || 33 | 702-8
55 11:15] 57 | 516-3 | 58 | 614-4 50 25-75 || 52 | 531-7 | 53 | 702-0
ar. 6 15 0 9:82) 2] 516-5 3 | 613-9 55 26-01 || 57 | 530-2 || 58 | 703-7
i 5 9:74 7 | 514-4 8 | 614-7 | Mar. 6 20] 0 25-90) 2] 530-5 3 | 705-4
10 9-81] 12] 513-9 | 13 | 616-6 25 23-53 || 27 | 528-5 || 28 | 712.5
15 10-52], 17 | 513-0 | 18 | 619-9 30 23-16] 32 | 529-3 || 33 | 714-1
20 11-19] 22 |, 512-2 | 23 | 621-5 40 22-03 | 42 | 531-5 | 43 | 715-2
25 11-80) 27 | 515-0 | 28 | 626-9 50 21-91) 52 | 532-9 || 53 | 717-5
| 30 13-10} 32 | 512-3 | 33 | 629-7 | Mar. 6 21 0 22:00} 2] 531-8 3 | 718-8
} 35 13-79 || 37 | 513-7 | 38 | 630-1 20 22-08 | 22} 527-6 || 23 | 721-1
| 40 14-01] 42 | 515-8 | 43 | 631-4 25 21-79|| 27 | 528-8 || 28 | 722-0
| 45 13-15) 47 | 515-8 | 48 | 632-1 30 23-14 | 32 | 528-9 || 33 | 724.0
\@ 50 13-24 50 23-93 | 52 | 528-6 | 53 | 721-3
ar. 6 16 || O 14-45] 2) 514-5 3 | 634-5 | Mar. 6 22 0 24.22] 2] 527-7 3) 721-1
‘ 5 15-76) 7 | 511-6 8 | 632-8 | Mar. 6 23 5 28-59|| 7 | 514-3 8 | 737-5
: 10 16:53 || 12 | 509-2 | 13 | 627-4 10 28-7212 | 513-4 | 13 | 737-8
15 18-52] 17 | 508-5 | 18 | 622-3 20 29-31) 22 | 518-2 || 23 | 737.8
20 20:16 22 | 504-2 | 23 | 619-3 30 30-40 || 32 | 514-8 || 33-| 737-8
25 22-38 27 | 503-0 || 28 | 614-4 40 29-78 | 42 | 517-8 || 43 | 737-8
30 23-39 32 | 501-9 | 33 | 604-8
35 24-29) 37 | 494-5 | 38 | 605-7 | Mar. 7 0 0 | 25 30-:05|| 2) 521-5 3| 739-7
40 27-90 42 | 495-0 | 43] 607-2 | Mar. 7 1 | 20 35-35
45 31-14 47 | 502-6 | 48) 597-6 | Mar. 7 2] 0 31-33 | 2| 536-4 3} 759-5
50 30-32 | 52 | 503-8 | 53 | 584-1 35 33-9237 | 530-6 | 38 | 765-9
) 55 27-94| 57 | 507-6 | 58 | 583-0 | Mar. 7 3 | 40 36-70] 42 | 5384 | 43 | 791-2
617) O 25-56 || 2] 511-5 3 | 579-2 45 * 35-53 | 47 | 539-5 | 48 | 792.2
Birivar. k=0:0001248. BALANCE. k=0:000015 approximately.
LAR THERMOMETER. 56°0 55°°5 55°1 55°11 557-2 55°-6
cE Baecwoweras, | pe { 57%5 > 6° 15), { 57°55 GF 16%, { 57743 62 178, { 5763 6 18%, { eero? Bens { 58°07
64 20h, { or

March 6414», Auroral light seen through the clouds to NNW.

! G. AND MET. OBS. 1843.

54 Extra OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, Marcu 7—12. 1843.

1
]
DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE, DECLINATION. BIFILAR.

Gottingen ‘ Re ea i etueen | ing |
Weanninc: ‘| Reading | Min. eee f id Mean Time. Mpa Reading | ae
ae = | Reduced. | Ceety
Reduced. | oases | Obs. rected. || Obs. "3 | -| rected.
| pane’ Arete 4

d. h. eas : . Div. 5 dh, : Be | m. Se. Div.
ow 25 39-46 a7 4 Mar. 7 8 | 25 24-13 | 527-8
38-18 | 549-6 25-14) 528-0
36-65 || 548-6 | 25-09 | 528-5
36-70 | | 548-4 25.27 529-1
34-65 | 543-9 | 34. 5 26-03 526-8
31-09 551-0 | . 26-13 | 524.7
31:73 560-7 | . 25-05 528-0
32-75 551-2 : 25-31 | 529-3
32517 543-9 | : 26-52 523-5
33.67 547-2 : 26-19 | 522-3
35-32 555-9 . 25-52 527-7
36-13 546-7 : 531-2
32.38 545-2 : . 25-83 528-6
29.24 543-7
24.40 536-2 . 5 25-73 540-5
18-72 || 9 540-4 : 25-76 542.7
16-15 549-4 : 24.20 526-8
20-16 548-8 | : 22.89 524-0
24.03 548-0 | : 22.69 529-2
30-03 527-5 . Y 21-91 523-1
17-18 547-6 : 22-11 534-8
20.40 551-1 . : 25-92 533-9
27.06 550-9
29.80 546-8 | : : 24-74 |
31.59 540-9 : 21-10
26.46 553-8 . 24.42
31.64 549-7 : 24.96
29.95 551-9 . : 21-61)
35.27 545-5 . 23-07
32.38 | 39 539-5 |

30.07 550-3 . : 21-51
31.38 541-2 E 17-94
28-01 548-5 . 17-85
29.75 550-4 : : 17-14
30.20 | 553-7 5 16-75 |
31-59 548-3 17-22
29.66 541-9 | 18.05 |
26.55 551-4 i 17-38 |
28.64 545-7 : 15-90 | 32
27.93 548-2 : 14-48 |
29.65 555-3 |) : 13-81
33-31 551-7 oo" 14.98
32.05 550-7 3 Mar. 17-69 |
32.13 555-9 , 19-81
34.28 548-6

37.14 538-9
38.82 520-6 H Mar. 12 26-00
32.40 | 513-5 : Mar. 12 25-00 |)
24.24 | 510-7 : 45-00.
18-08 512-6 : 7 | Mar. 12 18-00
15-56 | 523-3
18-66 | 526-4 -1 | Mar. 12
22.00 | 524.4 4 20-13 |
23-37 | 522-8 4 Mar. 12 23-50
23-23 | 526-5 | ‘ 25-61 |

Brriuar. k=0-0001248. BaLancE. k=0-000015 approximately.

BIFILAR THERMOMETER. \ March 122 13, { 51°3

BALANCE THERMOMETER. Cay

March 74 8». Auroral arch spanning 90° of horizon ; altitude of apex in the magnetic meridian 10°; breadth of the belt 8°; no pencils
visible. : i
March 124 55 30™, (Sunday.) A slight disturbance was observed, and a few observations, given above, were made; it was noted th
the disturbance had increased very much at 75; continuous observations were commenced on Monday morning.

March 124135, Faint auroral light; stronger four hours ago.

ExTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, Marcu 12—21. 1843. 55

DECLINATION. BiFiLar. BALANCE. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE.

Readin Reading in.| Reading oe Min. Readin | Min.) Reading | Min.| Reading
Beaten Cor- Cor- z of Aue Cor- of Cor-
rected. .| rected. Obs. F -| rected. || Obs.| rected.

Ue - Se. Div. = Mic. Div. m. P ig 5 Se. Div. i Mice. Div.
25 29-68 524-6 544:3 45 | 25 36-27 542-2 727-4
29-21 512-9 533-0 50 36-09 534-3 732-3
29-14 503-8 510-3 35-56 533-4 733-4
30-02 489-6 495-5 ; 35-47 535-8 733-2
27-67 488-4 493-9 35-74 541-8 733-6
24-77 499-7 493-3 26-60 541-0 781-0
24.71 . 501-3 13-91 559-9 780-0
21-58 . 520-7 ° 15-25 572-6 772-0
535:3 22-11 564-8 769-3
547-4 25-96 553-0 769-3
557-5 26-06 544.2 768-3
571-3 26-46 547-3 766-3
580-6 28:05 || « 537-7 768.8
592-9 25-72 531-1 768-8
603-4 22-97 537-3
613-0 24-24 535-2
619-6 24-53 530-4 771-2
629-3 23-06 531-2 768-7
634-2 . 22-67 : 766-7
636-6 24-27 : 766-7
636-7 26-25
635-6 26-96 761-1
631-6 26:55 “¢
630-6 3 24-82 . 748-3
626-2
623-1 19-15 ’ 712-6
618-9 17-61 . 712-3
16:58 : 713-8
658-3 16-08
657-5 . 21-71 : 701-8
660-5 21-37 ‘ 702-1
663:3: (== = ry
673-2 c 24-58 : 711-4
699.5

°

26-01 : 699-3
724-4 25-76 ‘ 696-0
752:5 24-96 : 696-6
21-98 : 695-5
755-7 20-54 ; . 700-0
754-6 18-06 : 702-5
745-3 16-08 : 706-0
15-16 706-9
14-92 706-8
15-83
20-63
24.22
23-79
23-84
22-35
21-95
21-64
23-32
24-60
22-72
22-23

701-9
700-6
702-9
704-2
701-2

707:3
698-6
691-6
693-8
693-7
691-0
690-2
690-7
694-7
694-0

703-6
707-4
708-4
711-4
717-4
720-0
724.7

ocooooooocoocooro

oO
NDNNNNNNNNWWD arb wr
ww ww WH & CO CO ww WW

Brrinar. k=0-0001248, BaLancE, k=0:000015 approximately.

514

| March 12414», { . 124 15, { 5122. 50°-7 5129 53°°5 09

5
a1? , 128 16}, { oo 4 184 8, { ohoe: 18474, { aeoey 214 9, { eae

48-2, 48°-0 ATT 47-4
214 15, { tees 214 16%, { ages 219 17, { sean; 214 198, { eg:

IFILAR THERMOMETER.

53°°8’
48°°6

3 Zit TAR Heese

March 214 13417», Hourly observations made during the Meteorological Term.

56 Extra OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, Marcu 21—Apnit 5. 1843.

|
|
DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION. Birivar. Batance, |
erie Min Reading Min.) Reading || Min. Reading Mere = Reading Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading |
of | Reduced. || of Cor- of Cor- iY Reduced. of Cor- of Cor-
Obs. Obs.| rected. Obs.| rected. Obs. Obs.| rected. ||Obs.| rected. |
a. oh. mse % / m Se. Div. m. | Mic. Diy. ad, 4h. om Ps hk m. Se. Div. m. | Mic. Di
Mar. 21 23 25 25-95|| 2 528.4 3 694-1 | Mar. 29 9 ||55 | 25 13-34] 57 524-3 ||58 666 |
Mar. 29 10 | 0 6-44 || 2 550-5 3 678-9 }
Mar. 22 0] 0 | 25 30-43| 2| 527-0 | 3] 688-4 5 1-59 7 | 547-7 | 8 |
5 28-97|| 7) 520-5 s| 690-8 10 1-63 | 12 547-3 | 13
25 29-31|| 27 | 527-5 || 28 | 687-9 15 3-79) 17 | 555-5 | 18
40 29-80|| 42 | 536-5 || 43 | 682-1 20 10-11 22 | 554.6 | 23
45 30-18 || 47 | 536-9 | 48 | 682.9 25 14:78) 27 | 540-1 | 28
Mar. 22 1 | 40 34-09|| 42 | 544-9 || 43 | 682-9 30 17-00 | 32 | 526-1
45 35-08] 47 | 545-6 | 48 | 683-9 40 17-0042 | 505-9 | 43
Mar. 22 2] 0 35-67] 2| 548-3 | 3] 685-8 45 11:93 )47 | 507-9 | 48
20 34-48 || 22 | 544.6 | 23] 692-5 50 556/52 | 517-2 | 53
30 36-51|| 32 | 558-0 | 33 | 691-9 55 217/57 | 524-0 | 58
35 36-95|| 37 | 554-0 || 38 | 691-2 | Mar. 29 11 || 0 1-09 2 | 532-0 | 3
40 35-15 42 | 544-9 || 43 | 699-0 5 1-98
45 34-85] 47 | 540-9 || 48 | 700-1 10 5-70} 12 | 529-8 | 13
50 34-73 || 52 | 535-4 || 53 | 703-8 15 8-37||17 | 524-7 18
55 35-77] 57 | 530-9 || 58 | 706-2 20 855/22 | 528-2 | 23
Mar. 22 3] O| + 36-16] 2) 525-9 || 3] 711-5 25 8-80} 27 | 532-4 | 28
ol 3 35-46|| 7 | 522-6 || 8 | 711-2 30 9-98
10 35-05|| 12 | 526-0 | 13 | 710-1 45 13-03) 47 | 533-3 | 48
30 34-79] 32 | 538-6 | 33 | 710-5 50 13-3052 | 532-7 |53
40 33-92 || 42 | 538-5 | 43 | 711-9 55 13-6257 | 533-7 ||58
Mar. 22 4]| 0 32-28] 2| 542.9 3| 714-5 | Mar. 29 12] 0 13-84] 2 | 533-9 | 3
5 14-65|| 7 | 536-8 | 8
Mar. 29 6) 0| 25 27-38] 2) 544.4 3 | 725-3 10 15-19 | 12 537-1 | 13
Mar. 29 7 || 15 19-24] 17 | 551-0 | 18] 809-1 15 15-52 18
20 17-58 || 22 | 555-5 || 23] 835-3 20 15-9922 | 538-2 | 93
25 14-62 || 27 | 551-4 | 28 | 856.6 eos
30 12-40|| 32 | 544-2 | 33 | 844-3 | Apr. 5 2 03] 25 36-06] 23) 549-5 | 33
35 11-15] 37 | 545-0 || 38 | 788-8 253 31-32 || 273) 524-0 || 284
40 17-24|| 42 | 540-9 || 43] 785-8 303 31-64) 325) 526.2 || 333
; 45 18-95 47 | 543-6 | 48 | 803-1 | Apr. 5 3 | 253 32-22 273) 550-8 | 283
50 17-79 || 52 | 543-6 || 53 | 788-1 303 31-97 | 323.) 550-1 | 335
55 22-35 || 57 | 537-4 | 58 | 777-5 453 37-10) 473| 542-8 || 483
Mar. 29 8 || 0 19-42|| 2| 538-4 || 3] 747- 503 35-53 523) 549-1 | 533
5 23-79] 7 | 522-3 | 8| 720-7 55% 33-99 | 573) 555-3 | 583
10 23-68] 12 | 5181 | 13] 755-9 | Apr. 5 4] 03 34.55 | 23| 555-9 | 33
15 15-49|| 17 | 532-9 | 18 | 746-9 53 36-13) 7h) 557-1 | 8}
20 15-30|| 22 | 537-2 | 23 | 747-0 103 36-31) 123) 564-4 | 133
25 15-46 || 27 | 535-9 || 28| 733-5 153 37-51) 173) 562-5 | 183
30 16-30] 32 | 534-9 || 33 | 716-2 203 37-41 | 225) 577-7 | 233
35 19-04 37 | 536-8 | 38 | 702-6 253 41-54) 273) 572-0 | 284
40 20:05 || 42 | 538-1 | 43 | 691-4 303 42-26 | 323) 563-0 | 333
45 21-82 47 | 529-0 | 48 | 696-8 352 38-60) 372) 583-3 | 354
50 18-95 || 52 | 531-6 | 53 | 704-7 404| 42-60// 423) 580-1 | 434
Mar. 29 9 0 17:14|| 2 534-1 3) 719.3 452 43-17 || 474| 585-8 || 484
5 16-53] 7 | 531-4 | 8 | 722-7 503 44.50 | 523) 580-9 | 535
10 13-21]| 12 | 533-9 | 13 | 724-1 55} 45-75 973) 579-4 | 583
15 13-03|| 17 | 537-3 || 18 | 721-0 | Apr. 5 5 | 03 38-89 | 24) 604-4 | 33
20 12-36 | 22 | 537-3 | 23 | 710-7 5 36-80 | 63) 628-6
25 14.03 || 27 | 530-9 || 28 | 702-5 7y| 647: |
30 14.83] 32 | 527-0 | 33 | 691-9 103 27-29 113) 662+ |
35 14-06 || 37 | 529-2 || 38 | 687-9 123) 671- | ‘
45 13-34 || 47 | 522-8 | 48 | 670-3 :
50 12-94 || 52 522-4 || 53 667-2 154 20-23) 174] 697- ? ) 183} 1202:0°
:
BIFILAR. k=0-0001248. BaLANncE. k=0:000015 approximately.
Biritar THER 2, 2. HH Be fe
BaLaNnce Phe eee \ BAREA AHS HE (areg3 PIERS { goa greece {are13 2a h {47008 IS, { $60
294 12h, (ara

March 294 and April 54. See notes on Aurora, p- 61.
April 545, The readings of the Bifilar from 5% 5™ till 45™ were estimated, as the scale, though in view, was beyond the vertical wir

of the telescope; at 174™ the scale was completely out of the field, and the reading given is a rough approximation.
The half minutes in the times of observations before 6" 5™ are due to clock error.

ExtTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, APRIL 5. 1843. 57

| DECLINATION, BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE.
ech ime. vio Reading Min.) Reading | Min.| Reading ane Sin Reading Min.} Reading | Min.| Reading
P of edaceds of Cor- of Cor- Ofmpeducad: of Cor- of Cor-
Obs. Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected. * Obs. Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected.
| a dad. oh. m. a Y m. Se. Div. m: Mic. Diy. dad. h. m. ‘ u m. Se. Diy. m. Mie. Diy.
Apr. 5 5 || 204} 25 26-82) 214) 676- Agra sy t7Z 31 457-9 || 31 987-0
} 223| 673- 233| 1161-9 323| 452-0 || 322) 1001-0
i 244| 1185-3 34 | 25 32-20) 34 447-2
254 57-07 | 263| 665- 35 28-57 || 35 447-7
i 271| 661. || 282) 1162-9 3731| 456-1 372] 981-6
| 293% 42-25 292) 1101-6 40 25-54 | 40 459-4 || 41 950-5
303 '43-36 | 304| 648- 314] 1103-3 421| 471-8 |423|) 947-2
/ 333 31-86 | 323) 644- 334] 1177-2 45 18-65 || 45 475-9 || 46 930-7
343| 645- 473| 488-1 473] 922.2
352 24.20 354| 1147-4 50 15-3950 | 498.2
| 38 646- 38 | 1102-2 523| 503-7 523] 904.2
| 403 44-23 |/403| 635-2 55 16-01 || 55 513-5
} 43 632-0 ||43 | 1158-3 574| 510-6 ||573| 901-8
' 4534 39-99 | 452) 631-5 Apr. 5 8 0 16-57 || 2 509-4 3 897-1
ae 48 | 624-0 |48 | 1239.4 5 17-88] 7 | 493-6 || 8 | 886-7
503 25-75 ||503| 606-2 10 20-52 || 12 495-1 || 13 881-7
! 53 606-0 53 | 1188-5 15 20-77 || 17 490-1 || 18 860-7
| 553 22-72)'573| 605-0 ||/583| 1148-7 20 18-95 || 22 490-5 || 23 851-3
| 593| 1125-6 25 19-17 || 27 474-9 || 28 840-4
pr. 5 6] 03 23:56] 32) 592-1 43| 1065-6 30 19-61 | 32 441-0 | 33 808-4
12 os 30-99 || 74) 594-6 83] 1058-0 35 19-46 || 37 463-6 || 38 803-5
| 10 43-68 | 12 572-4 ||13 | 1111-8 40 17-11 | 42 510-5 || 43 801-6
15 33-57 | 15 553-5 45 14-82 | 47 494-4 || 48 826-7
i |173| 559-5 || 174) 1067-4 50 15-02 || 52 466-7 | 53 802-1
4 20 32-80 | 20 563-3 || 19 | 1055-7 55 12.04 || 57 483-4 | 58 806-1
i 22 35-15 || 222| 559-0 | 223) 1032-5 | Apr, 5 9 0 10-82 || 2 460-3 3 771-4
| 24 | 1029-4 5 14-93 || 7 476-0 8 764-0
} 25 35-02 || 25 551-3 10 15-22 || 12 502-7 || 13 768-6
| : : 274| 545-9 ||273| 1023-9 15 18-50 || 17 495-5 | 18 772-2
| 30 30-85 | 30 547-7 20 18-33 | 22 485-4 | 23 756-6
| @ 323} 557-4 | 322) 1023-8 25 18-10 || 27 478-6 || 28 739-0
la 35 29-65 || 35 571-0 ||36 | 1043-3 30 15-83 || 32 465-8 ||33 708-7
374| 558-0 || 373| 1040-0 35 15-19 || 37 445-3 || 38 672-9
40 32-69 || 40 550-6 40 14-76 || 42 459-6 || 43 660-5
| a 424| 553-1 ||424/ 1037-5 45 14-01 || 47 465-9 || 48 671-8
| 45 31-01 || 45 570-2 ||46 | 1057-2 50 19-24 || 52 472-2 || 53 683-7
4734| 577-5 ||473| 1061-6 55 20-99 | 57 467-3 || 58 679-2
} 50 32-17 | 50 572-0 Apr. 5 10 0 20-47 || 2 468-1 3 679-5
| a 523| 575-3 |523| 1073-0 5 16-23 || 7 461-8 8 692-3
55 33:27 || 55 594-7 ||56 | 1095-1 10 16-20 | 12 482-5 | 13 700-1
574| 618-8 | 573) 1104-0 15 15-79 || 17 518-4 || 18 697-2
pr. 5 7) 0 37-88] 0 627-2 1 | 1124-0 20 18-65 || 22 496-8 || 23 673-7
| 23] 612-7 2k] 1124-9 25 19-17 | 27 473-4 || 28 628-0
| a 5 39-97 || 5 610-4 30 23-90 || 32 472-9 | 33 625-0
ta 7%| 607-0 7k| 1113-3 35 25-52 || 37 451-0 | 38 618-8
10 51-94|} 114} 558-5 || 11 | 1052-0 39 491-5
an 123| 547-6 ||123| 1029-6 40 19-89 | 41 485-0
f 14 58-62 42 477-8 |\43 660-7
| 15 58-12) 15 568-0 || 16 | 1014-9 45 12-00 || 47 479-2 || 48 667-7
| 173| 602-8 | 173) 1028-4 49 468-1
/ 20 52-82 || 20 608-2 |/21 | 1068-3 50 7-73 || 52 481-2 | 53 638-4
| 221| 584-2 ||/221) 1074-3 54 | 485-4
| 25 58-25 || 25 553-0 ||26 | 1027-9 55 2-15 || 57 486-5 | 58 619-8
27%4| 505-1 | 273) 1008-5 59 491-3
30 50-15 || 30 467-3 Apr. 5 11 0 4-75 || 1 500-6
Birizar. k=0:0001248. Batance. k=0:000015 approximately.

Brritarn THERMOMETER, Br pectigs, UO evap |) [sit
BALANCE spree aaneen| pee hig} eck { 5070

April 54, See notes on the Aurora, p. 61.

MAG, AND MET. ozs. 1848. P

58 ExtTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, APRIL 6. 1843. |

DECLINATION. BirFivar. BALANCE, DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. —
|

}

stti ee | Fe Gotti : ; ; =
iat hee in. Reading Min.) Reading | .| Reading Medi time! Min. Reading Reading || Min.| Readin

Cor- | Cor- rs) Cor- of Cor-
d. duced.
ERIE rected. .| rected. Se iste .| rected. || Obs.| rected,

Sc. Diy. . | Mic. Div. Shy . | Se. Div. m. | Mic. Di. |
500-4 634-6 A 460-6 ;
534.0 : 455-5 } i
544-5 452-7
546-1 688-1 466-2 || 37
540-4 473-8 38
533-3 718-0 491°3
513-7
516-1 711-4

~ 690-6

656-7
624-5
620-5
616-3
619-0
626-1
627-1
623-5
627-1
634-4
624-4
616-4

20-58

23-91

23-48

18-05

15-76
14-76
16-50

Brrizar. k=0:0001248, BaLance. k=0:000015 approximately.

BiriLarn THERMOMETER, } April 54 128, {i5-6 54 13h, Ae "1. 5a 14h, { 47°83

BALANCE THERMOMETER, 6? 49°-2? 49°:0"

April 54, See notes on the Aurora, p.

EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, APRIL 5—6. 1843. 59

DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. 3 DECLINATION. BIFILaR. BALANCE.
i Min. Reading Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading eer Min. Reading Min.| Reading | Min. Reading
\ Of adiaed: of Cor- || of Cor- of Reduende ot Cor- of Cor-
iH Obs. Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected. Obs. Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected.
{ =
ile a en ce m: |. Se.Diy. || m. || Mic. Div. ERE mn ered. | Renee bee m. | Sc.Div. || m. | Mic. Div.
| Apr. 5 14 54 | 494-2 || Apr. 6 2] 10 | 25 39-72] 12] 541-0 | 13 | 755-3
| 55 | 25 15-36] 55 | 500-5 15 40-03 || 17 | 539-6 || 18] 772-1
i 56 501-5 > 20 38-35 || 22 539-1 23 778-0
| 57 501-9 || 57 486-7 30 39-29 || 32 543-5 33 793-4
} : 58 503-4 58 488-3 35 40-70 || 37 551-7 || 38 804-9
| Apr. 5 15 0 20-43] O 499-4 40 41-14 || 42 549-5 || 43 823-5
{ 2 499-9 2 505-2 45 38-53 | 47 556-9 || 48 825-9
| 3 509-1 50 39-90 || 52 556-5 53 825-1
5 18-48 || 7 497-6 8 528-4 55 42-19 || 57 553-0 58 825-4
| 10 16-97 || 12 506-3 13 539-38 | Apr. 6 3 0 43-10); 2 545-7 3 827-4
] 14 508-7 5 41-24) 7 545-4 8 836-7
15 16-57 || 17 509-2 18 544-5 10 39-96 || 12 549-6 13 835-9
| 20 17-34| 22 511-0 || 23 554-4 15 37-89 || 17 555-6 18 834-3
| 25 17-41 | 27 514-2 || 28 564-6 20 38-95 || 22 554-3 || 23 829-7
| 30 16-73} 32 518-2 33 570-6 25 40-17 || 27 553-5 || 28 824.7
| 35 16:97 || 37 520-7 || 38 578-2 30 41-24)| 32 551-1 33 820-2
40 17-25 || 42 521-0 || 43 585-2 35 39-83 || 37 548-1 38 821-1
45 17-61) 47 516-8 || 48 590-5 40 40-03 || 42 545-7 || 43 820-3
50 16-24 || 52 516-8 53 591-9 45 40-20 || 47 543-0 || 48 819-9
55 15:19] 57 517-0 || 58 591-2 50 40-48 || 52 538-0 || 53 817-5
ipr. 5 16 0 16-03), 2 513:8 3 594-0 55 39-84 || 57 546-5 58 810-4
5 14:92) 7 514-0 8 593-9 | Apr. 6 4 0 40-91 2 555-1 3 804-9
10 14-48 || 12 515°3 13 593-6 5 41-47|| 7 562-0 8 802-0
15 15:39 | 17 514-4 18 589-2 10 41-69) 12 554-8 13 807-2
20 14-97 || 22 509-9 || 23 586-9 15 40.24] 17 548-0 18 808-5
25 14-85 || 27 508-4 || 28 579-3 20 39-43 || 22 558-4 || 23 806-7
30 14-08] 32 510-8 || 33 574-5 25 38-69
35 13-91 || 37 511-5 38 574-2 | Apr. 6 5 0 39-39}) 2 543:8 3 804-8
40 14-18] 42 510-0 || 43 570-9 | Apr. 6 6 0 32-69 || 2 543-4 3 803-3
45 14-51 || 47 510-3 || 48 567-5 10 31-38 || 12 538-6 13 802-7
50 14-82 || 52 509-4 || 53 564-0 | Apr. 6 8 0 26-35 || 2 540-3 3 726-9
55 14-89 || 57 508-2 || 58 564-6 | Apr. 6 10 5 8-60|| 7 521-8 8 735-4
pr. 517 0 15-09} 2 505-0 3 564-0 10 6-05 || 12 §22-1 13 740-3
5 14.92 7 504-3 8 562-9 15 8-21 || 17 507-3 18 753-1
10 14-11] 12 506-9 13 562-9 20 4-52 || 22 517-0 || 23 748-1
15 14.20] 17 | 508-9 || 18] 562-3 25 6-42 || 27 | 521-9 || 28] 746-9
20 14.06] 22 510-7 || 23 566-5 30 6-05 || 32 | 528-3 | 33 744-4
40 13-95 || 42 513-8 || 43 561-6 35 8-41 || 37 530-6 || 38 741-1
r 5 18 0 14.23] 2 515-4 3 566-9 40 12-33 || 42 531-0 || 43 744.9
pr. 5 19 | 55 24.00 || 57 517-9 || 58 565-0 45 14-92 || 47 531-1 48 741-3
pr. 5 20 0 23-63 || 2 519-2 3 563-5 50 14-62 || 52 536-5 53 724-9
pr. 5 21 | 50 30-25 || 52 505-0 || 53 628-4 55 15-32 || 57 515-0 || 58 706-5
3 55 29-14] 57 503-7 || 58 632-0 | Apr. 6 I1 0 15-09 |) 2 540-7 3 699-3
br. 5 22 0 28-64|| 2 504-6 3 633-5 5 16-43 || 7 534-5 8 690-7
} 2 508-4 8 638-1 10 16-94] 12 534-9 13 671-6
10 29-71] 12 508-6 13 643-9 15 17-62 || 17 534-3 18 673-6
| 15 31-09 20 18-66 || 22 531-2 23 666-0
; 30 35-06 || 32 505-5 || 33 653-3 25 18-84 || 27 528-7 || 28 655-9
pr. 5 23 5 36:88 || 7 517-9 8 665-9 30 18-43 || 32 525-9 || 33 648-4
, 35 17-05 || 37 523-6 || 38 641-9
pr. 6 O 0 | 25 34-82] 2 521-1 3 701-8 40 15-90 || 42 520-2 || 43 635-8
6 1 0 39-44 || 2 532-8 3 695-6 45 15-02 || 47 518-7 || 58 626-9
30 38-87 || 32 529-7 || 33 723-0 50 14-36 || 52 517-0 53 615-4
6 2 0 41-98], 2 533-5 3 746-1 55 14-11 || 57 508-7 58 606-3
5 38:96] 7 536-2 8 754-4 | Apr. 6 12 0 14-28|) 2 504-5 3 607-0
Birizar. k=0-0001248. BALANCE. k=0-000015 approximately.

BIFILAR THERMOMETER, c 46°6 467-0 457 | 45°°7 | 49°83 | 49°-2
BaLance THERMOMETER, } psc { 4g4 5 5° 16%, { 47°93 62 17%, { 477.53 69 18, {a7 a Pe { 49.95 6% 12, { 49°-6

April 54. See notes on the Aurora, p. 61.

60 Extra OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, APRIL 6—11. 1843.
DECLINATION, BIFILaR. BALANCE, DECLINATION, BIFiLar. BALANCE, —
Mean ‘ime. Min.| Reading || Min.| Reading Min.| Reading Bon tn Min.! Reading || Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading
of | Reduced. || of Cor- | of Cor- of | Reduced. |) of Cor- of Cor-
Obs. Obs. | rected. | Obs.| rected. Obs. Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected.
a2) bs m. 2: is m. Se. Div. ad. h. || om. ° / m. Se. Diy. m. Mic. Div, |
Apr. 6 12 5 | 25 13-55] 7 | 503-5 Apr. 6 16 37 | 493-2 | 38 | 549.0
10 12-63 || 12 | 504-4 40 | 25 27-16) 42 | 499-4 || 43 551-9
15 11-12] 17 | 513-3 45 28-54|| 47 | 504-4 | 48 | 552-6
20 10-48 | 22 521-5 52 509-9 | 53 | 549.4
25 11-15 || 27 | 527-4 55 28-00) 57 | 515-6 | 58 | 547.1
30 11-89 || 32 529-5 Apr. 6 17 0 27-43 || 2 519-9 3} 547-0
35 12-07 || 37 531-4 5 26-79|) 7 | 521-1 8 | 549-6
40 12-16 | 42 | 529-1 25 22-62|| 27 | 529-5 | 28] 563-8
45 12-50|| 47 | 523-5 30 23-70], 32 | 524-5 | 33 | 572-7
50 13-10] 52 | 523-2 45 21-58] 47 | 527-1 || 48 | 592.2
55 13-61]| 57 | 521-0 55 21-86 57 | 527-0 | 58 | 602-9
Apr. 6 13 0 14-51] 2 518-5 Apr. 6 18 0 21-68) 2) 527-6 3 | 607-8
20 14-72] 22 | 512.4 Apr. 6 19 || 10 22-05] 12 | 529-2 | 13 | 643.
25 14-49 || 27 510-7 Apr. 6 20 0 21-91]/ 2] 530-1 3 | 659-3
30 14-16 || 32 509-4 a
35 14-31] 37 | 508-3 Aprew 7) 16 0 | 25 20-47] 2) 538-8 3 | 765-
40 14:16] 42 | 503-2 5 20-70|| 7 | 549-0 8 | 763-2
45 14-23] 47 | 495-8 10 22:45] 12 | 543-8 | 13 | 762-8
50 16-21]| 52 | 483-5 15 23.29|| 17 | 546-4 | 18] 760.
55 22-09) 57 | 460-1 Apr. 7 8 0 19-10|| 2 538-7 3 | 743-9
Apr. 6 14 0 30-89] 2] 452-1 10 11-53|| 12 | 555-4 || 13 | 726-4
5 35-86] 7 | 424-9 15 3-58] 17 | 576-2 || 18 | 709.3
10 41-22] 12 | 422.3 20 7-83 || 22 | 586-4 || 23 | 703-0
14] 442-9 25 12-74|| 27 | 576-4 | 28 | 703-9
15 42.21] 16 | 429.2 30 14-87 || 32 | 570-5 || 33 | 702-1
17 | 420-4 35 18-48 || 37 | 558-2 || 38] 7013
19 | 434-4 40 19-33 || 42 | 548-8 | 43 | 699-3
20 38-95 45 20-41] 47 | 543-7 | 48 | 699-2
22] 449.2 50 20-74|| 52 | 537-3 || 53] 698:
29} 511-7 55 20-67|| 57 | 532-5 | 58 | 696-8
30 25-93 |) 31 514-9 Apr. 7 9 0 19-09 || 2] 526.7 3 | 696:
32 515-5 5 16-91] 7 | 527-2 8
34 517-0 10 14-48] 12 | 527-8 || 13
35 27-02) 37 | 520-2 15 12-48 || 17 | 532.3 | 18
40 27-31 || 42 524-8 20 12-16 || 22 | 534-0 || 23
45 27-70) 47 | 532-5 25 12-74|| 27 | 532-1 | 28
50 29-06 | 52 524-6 30 12-70 || 32 530-1 | 33
55 28-37 || 57 | 519-5 50 15-22 || 52 536-5 || 53
Apr. 6 15 0 27-29] 2 508-8 Apr. 7 10 0 18-73 || 2] 536-4 3
b) 23-59|| 7 | 511-3
10 20-84] 12 | 511-0 Apr. 7 18 0 | 25 23-90) 2) 544-5 3 | 626-0
15 18-15 || 17 | 508-6 15 24-80] 17 | 538-6 | 18 | 6309
20 15-39 || 22 | 505-8 = a F
25 12-09 || 27 | 508-7 Apr. 8 4 0 | 25 29-24) 2] 542-9 3 | 7163
30 10-48 || 32 | 510-9 Apr. 8 5 || 55 15-76 || 57 | 557-9 | 58 i!
35 10-21 || 37 | 509-0 Apr. 8 6 0 16-62|) 2] 561-0 3
40 10-41 |) 42 | 510-0 10 17-20] 12 | 559-5 | 13
45 11-12 || 47 510-4 25 18-80 || 27 | 546-0 || 28
|| 50 12-16 |) 52 507-0 30 18:55 | 32 | 546-5 || 33
Apr. 6 16 || 0 11-98] 2] 510-7 35 19-83
| 10 15-66 | 12 | 502-2 IN aE Z|) AO 22.58| 2| 541-1 | 3] 7736
15 18-01} 17 | 496-6 Apr. 8 8 0 20-67|| 2] 543-2 3 | 7567
20 19-80 | 22 | 492-9 f =
25 22-29! 27 | 492-5 Apr. 11 8 0 | 25 16-10) 2} 527.4 3
30 24-77 || 32 | 488-2 10 12-87] 12 | 533-2 || 13
Biriar. k=0:0001248. Bavance. k=0:000015 approximately. f
Birivan THERMOMETER, ; i 48° 48°-2 47°°8 47°-2 47°75
BALANCE ta aed a ARPS EIS fo Ge lats { rete sols { 4g°,33 9° 16%, {ies OE Sieh { 4g°-g3 7° 19%, { pc

April 74,

See notes on the Aurora, p. 61.

:
}

EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, MARcH 29—Apnrit 7. 1843. 61

NOTES ON THE AURORA BOREALIS.

' Cley val eas
March 29 An Auroral light was seen about 95 to NNW., assuming the form of a segment of a circle, which
j became rather bright about 9° 50™, the light being homogeneous ; at 105 50™ the light was
more spotted, but no pencils were visible. At 10% 25™ a meteoric light was seen, at first
a rather faint, proceeding from a point 1° to the south of Zeta Orionis (which was then just seen
| to about WSW. above the surrounding trees), passing between Castor and Pollux, and lost in a
} nebula in the back of Leo Minor. It became gradually brighter till about 10" 35™, when its
brightness perhaps equalled the most vivid pencils of an aurora, and gradually diminished in
} intensity and length till altogether lost about 10" 55™. The breadth at Orion was about ite
this being the brightest portion of the meteor, but increasing gradually upwards, filling the
space between Castor and Pollux; the greatest length seen might be about 100.° There was
no appearance of corruscations. This meteor, undoubtedly connected with the aurora, was
| singular in every way, whether we regard its form, position, isolation, or duration.
| The Aurora had disappeared at 12",

April 5 9 30. Aurora, altitude about 35° or 40°; streamers and corruscations, brightest to N. by E.

|
|
9 40. Bright auroral arch stretches from W. to NE., altitude 30°, sending streamers downwards to N.
10 15. Splendid aurora, originally with a double arch, the greatest having an altitude of 80°, the other of

60°, spanning 150° of horizon. An auroral pencil seen frequently in the same position as

that observed on March 29, but never having the same duration. The aurora is brightest
; to NE. by E., the E. extremity of the arch, although the moon being near that point renders
it less obvious. A portion to the E., which is brightest, branches off in a cycloidal form. The
arch is sometimes triple, the lowest being 10° altitude, with pencils of aurora between.

: 10 20, Arches more broken, and sending pencils up to the zenith. Arches broken into pencils, vivid
from W., and directed a little to the S. of the zenith.

10 22. Arch altogether irregular to E. as if broken into small arches, with a bright mass to NNW. and
NW., extending to the W. extremity of the arch, but broken at the N.; the dark space below
having pencils occasionally.

10 25. Pencils to W., very bright ; arch strangely irregular, the light space being about 15° broad, and
generally cycloidal at the terminations on the horizon. A long pencil seen frequently to W.,
as at 15™.

11 11. The arch now spans 130° of horizon, is 30° altitude, and 5° broad, with broad brushes of light
below ; the western extremity of the arch is bent inwards towards the north.

| a 11 34. Arch only 10° altitude.
12 30, Arch spans 130°, 12° altitude, 6° or 7° broad, and the form is cycloidal: no pencils at present.

12 45. Again double arches, but close to each other; occasionally pencils from the NE. extremity. The
moon is below the arch to WNW., and has a corona the breadth of its own diameter; the sky
is beautifully clear, the stars appearing very brilliant, and no clouds are to be seen.

13 0-5, Strong pencils from the E. extremity of the arch. A new arch commencing at NNW., is spring-
ing up with the other; its altitude is 8°. The apex of the greater arch is about N. 5° W., and
the breadth is increasing from 3° to 10°—much flickering.

14 0. Auroral arch much broken—altogether diminished ; patch of cloud to NNW.
April 515 30. The sky became! quickly covered with scud—the aurora gone.

April 714 0. An anrora to N., in the form of portion of an arch, 10° broad, reaching from W. to NNW.—
; flickering, but no pencils.

16 0. Faint auroral mass of light, 8° hich and broad, variable in brightness, flickering.

16 35. Auroral light still flickering to NNW.—-strong twilight.

_ MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. Q

62 EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, APRIL 11—May 6. 1843.

DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION. BIFinaRr. BALANCE,

Menges, |Min.| Reaaing |Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading Menngen, | 3tin.| Reading |Min-| Reading || afin.| Readi
OU |! Gaspresat. ee Cor- || of Cor- WcO tal Mase ste tetaienl eon Cor- of
Obs. Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected. | Obs. |Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected
—— Wee a i
a” Jh; ™m. ° g ™m. Se. Div. m. Mie. Div. GE wang | m. a 4 m. Se. Div. m. Mie. Di a
Apr. 11 8 || 15 | 25 12-56) 17 | 534-3 | 18 | 723-6 Apr. 12 9 | 30 | 25 10-14) 32 | 536-7 || 33 | 746.9]
30 15-30 || 32 | 535-9 || 33 726-0 35 8-87 || 37 543-9 || 38 | 739.9
Apr. 11 9 || 35 21-64] 37 | 534-3 || 38 | 706-3 40 8-11|| 42 | 548-7 | 43 | 734694)
Apr. 11 10 0 22-45] 2) 535-4 3 | 706-6 45 9-37 || 47 | 553-0 || 48 | 728-1 |
—_|——_—_ 50 14:06 || 52 | 548-9 || 53 | 723.4
Apr. 12 2 0 | 25 29-88] 2] 542-5 3 677-1 55 16:53 || 57 | 545-8 || 58 | 718-9 9)
Apr. 12 3 | 45 28-23 || 47 | 561-6 || 48 | 680-7 | Apr. 12 10 0 18-55|| 2 | 542-2 3| 712
50 28.47 5 19-86] 7] 538-9 || 8 | 709-07
Apr. 12 4 0 28-07) 2] 559-5 3 | 690-1 10 21-34]/ 12 | 535-0 | 13 |
15 27-43 || 17 548-4 || 18 696-4 15 22.52|/ 17 | 530-1 | 18
Apr 12 5 || 45 30-05 | 47 | 560-6 || 48 740-2 20 22-18]| 22 | 528-8 || 23
50 30:25] 52 | 555-1 |} 53 748-5
55 33-54 || 57 533-3 || 58 | 767-1 | Apr. 13 18 0 | 25 21-71]| 2| 527-1 3
Apr. 12 6 0 29-01) 9 534-4 3) 786-5 | Apr. 13 19 0 23-90|| 2] 509-6 3
5 24-37 || 7 542-9 8 800-8 20 25:39]| 22 | 525-5 || 23
10 16-:92|| 12 | 566-1 13 800-7 35 25-45 || 37 | 535-7 || 38
| 15 24:17 || 17 557-7 || 18 | 810-1 | Apr. 13 20 0 22-50]| 2] 539-3 3
20 23-16] 92 | 551-5 || 23 | 817-9 :
25 21-91) 97 | 547-1 || 28 | 820.4 | Apr. 14 10 0 | 25 21-58]/ 2] 533-1 3
30 21-86] 32 | 543-5 || 33 821-6 10 19-26]| 12 | 534-8 |) 13
| 35 22-45] 37 | 543-9 || 38 826-5 15 19-22]| 17 | 535-3 | 18
| 40 21-81] 42 | 546-6 || 43 | 822-9 |-
45 23:71] 47 | 545-4 || 48 | 822-7 | Apr. 15 6 0} 25 17-51]| 2) 549-9 3
50 24-20] 52 | 547-0 | 53 | 819-2 5 20-34]| 7 | 556-5 8
55 26-17] 57 | 542-4 || 58 | 823.9 10 21-32] 12 | 552-7 || 13
Apr: 1287, 0 24:99) 9) 541-7 3 | 825-4 | Apr. 15 8 0 23-30] 2] 542-0 3
5 22.33) 7 537-8 8 822-1
10 22.47 49 | 540-6 || 13 | 817-3 | Apr. 18 6 0 | 25 25-72] 2] 549-8 3
15 22-85] 17 542-9 |} 18 | 811-5 25 25-39 || 27 | 558-3 || 28
20 22:56 92 | 540-4 || 23 | 810-1 30 23-12|| 32 | 560-4 || 33
25 21-62 || 97 541-4 || 28 | 807-4 35 24-38 || 37 561-5 || 38
30 22:45 || 32 | 542-2 | 33 | 807-8 50 20-03 || 52 | 547-4 || 53 | 78222
35 23-32 || 37 538-6 || 38 808-3 55 16-97 || 57 545-3 || 58
40 23-36 || 42 | 533-5 || 43 | 807-6 | Apr. 18 7] 0 15-72|| 2] 544-3 3
45 21-37 || 47 537-4 || 48 | 802-3 5 10-58 || 7 | 544-2 8
| 50 21-73) 52 | 545-7 || 53 | 797-6 10 11-80 || 12 | 547-9 || 13 | 788:
55 23-17 || 57 539-3 || 58 | 801-7 15 13-42 || 17 549-6 || 18 | 780
Apr. 12 8 0 23:07) 2| 537-0 3 | 800-7 20 15-12]| 22 | 554-1 || 23] 770
5 20-90 || 7 538-0 8 804-3 25 16-87 || 27 | 554-8 || 28 | 763:
10 18-18 12 | 537-6 || 13 806-2 30 19-04 || 32 | 558-0 |) 33
15 13-07 || 17 538-5 || 18 | 799-6 35 20-30 |) 37 555-1 || 38 | 749
| 20 13-34] 99 | 538-8 || 23 | 792.3 | Apr. 18 8 0 20-57||} 2| 554-1 3 | Wa
25 15-14) 97 | 539-7 | 28 | 787-1 a A pan
30 15-64|| 32 | 534-4 || 33 794.4 | May 6 6 0 | 25 24-96] 2] 516-6 3
35 15-34] 37 | 535-4 | 38 | 778-8 | May 6 8 || 0 | 25 21-64] 2] 518-0 3
40 ~ 15-83] 42 | 537-2 || 43 | 769-9 | May 6 9 | 40 | 24 58.08]) 42 | 437-2 || 43
45 16-78 || 47 | 534-5 | 48 | 766-0 45 | 24 50-67|| 47 | 443-8 || 48
50 17-41] 52 | 525.4 || 53 | 770-0 50 | 24 51-59] 52 | 440-0 || 53 | 48
55 14-15 || 57 528-8 | 58 | 769-5 55 | 24 57-94] 57 | 448-5 || 58 | 46
Apr. 12 9 0 13-68] 9 524.7 3 473.0 | May 6 10 0} 25 4-10] 2 422.7 3
5 10-21] 7] 524.9 8 | 771-5 5 | 25 6-70] -7 | 392-7 8
10 6-88 || 12 | 529-5 || 13 | 761-4 10 | 25 6-91|| 12 | 416-6 || 13
15 8-46 | 17 529-8 18 759-6 151) 325) o-63)|| a 406-0 | 18
20 9-99|| 22 | 525-8 || 23 | 757-2 20 | 25 4-89] 21 374-7
25 9-17 || 27 529-6 || 28 | 753-5 22 | 370-8 || 23
Birizar. Before April 27, k=0-0001248 ; after April 27, =0-0001205. BaLancEr. k=0:000015 approximately.

BiriLarn THERMOMETER.
BALANCE THERMOMETER,

\ April 124 74, vets 18% 7h, {eine

rf

May 64. Quite cloudy throughout this disturbance, but the aurora was observed near London by Sir J. Herschel, and described by hi
in the Athenzum, No. 811.

EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, May 6. 1843. 63

DECLINATION. BiFiwan. BALANCE, DECLINATION, BIFivar. BALANCE.
| Ben, Min. Reading Min.| Reading || Min.} Reading eee Min. Reading Min.|} Reading || Min.| Reading
yy of Reduced: of Cor- of Cor- of induced: of Cor- of Cor-
| Obs. Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected. Obs. Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected.
'
| ad. h. m. | , m. Se. Div. m. Mic. Div. dh. m. 2 “ m. Se. Div. m. Mic. Div.
: 6 10 24 370-7 May 6 11 | 37 | 25 34-85 || 37 226-6 r
| 25 | 25 8-00! 27 344-6 28 196-1 38 221-2 38 465-1
; 30 | 25 10-48 || 32 | out offiela.|] 33 126-0 39 | 25 26-89 || 39 227-8
| 35 | 25 9-54 40 | 25 21-78 || 40 222.6
t 41 | — 28-5 41 212.4 41 341-1
| 43 | 25 18-32 42] 216-9 | 42] 311-0
. 47 | 25 21-08 || 47 155-8 43 226-2 43 291-7
ta 48 168-5 48 101-5 44 | 25 11-82)| 44 250-1
49 185-2 45 | 25 9-05 || 45 268-8

50 | 25 24-25 50 184-1 46 260-0

51 199-1 47 256-0
52 222.3 52 220-5 48 241-2 48 276-1
} 53 234-3 ; 49 246:8
\ 54 234-4 54 250-0 50 | 25 7-73|| 50 256-0 51 342-0
} 7 55 | 25 21-04]) 55 221-8 52 271-5
{ 56 236-6 || 56 274-5 53 294-0 | 53 288-0
57 | 25 19-67 || 57 228-2 54 310-5 || 54 322-0
’ 58 221-8 58 317-0 55 | 24 43-10] 55 342-4
59 240-8 56 | 24 42-43 || 56 348-1
lay 6 11 0 | 25 10-55 1 252-2 1 454-0 57 331-9 | 57 417-0
: 2/25 7-14 2 263-0 - | 58 346-9 58 427-5
3 248-2 3 487-0 59 | 24 32-97|| 59 348-9
{ 4 228-7 May 6 12 0 | 24 24-67|| 0 364.2
i 5 | 25 2-64] 5 203-5 1 | 24 20-54] 1 370-2
6 204-3 2 | 24 18-94 2 354-6
7 215-1 7 708-9 3 343-9 3 459-6
8 235-1 8 7541 4 | 24 11-29 4 322-1
9 257-7 9 803-0 , 5 | 24 4-92] 5 303-7
10 | 25 16-97] 10 286-3 6 299.5 6 480-7
11 309-7 11 860-1 7 | 23 58-05 7 296-2
12 319-4 8 318-2 8 494-0
13 310-5 13 903-9 9 | 23 52-13|| 9 333-9
14 301-6 10 | 23 51-71)| 10 335-7
15 | 25 29-14] 15 280-5 11 | 23 52-64)| 11 334-1 i 471-7
16 248-2 || 16 864-1 12 346-4
17 | 25 7-15 || 17 242-9 13 370-7 || 13 375-0
f 18 208-7 18 940-2 14 | 24 2.39)) 14 372-6
19 164-2 19 973-4 15 | 24 6-42|| 15 364-0
20 | 25 20-03 || 20 89-0 16 373-2 | 16 275-0
21 84-0 | 21 930-3 17 | 24 14-63 || 17 383-0
22 105-2 || 22 911-0 18 372-1 18 233-7
23 149.7 || 23 853-0 19 | 24 21-24]| 19 363-8
24 | 24 59-14 || 24 169-4 20 | 24 27-36)) 20 357-1 || 21 201-2
25 | 25 5-36] 25'| 188-3 22 374.4
26 168-6 || 26 7828 23 376-4 | 23 236-0
27 | 24 50-80 || 27 130-7 24 | 24 31-601} 24 379-6
28 134-9 || 28 755-0 25 | 24 29.38 }| 25 389-0
29 146-2 26 398-3 26 259-0
7 30 | 25 0-60] 30 141-0 27 406-2
31 167-3 28 420-7 || 28 260-5
y 32 184-8 || 32 657-0 29 | 24 20-94) 29 424-2
7 33 195-7 30 | 24 20-87|) 30 | 417-9
is 34 | 25 33-27 || 34 186-1 31 409-2 || 31 222-0
; 35 | 25 33-17|| 35 192.7 32 | 24 26-09] 32 409-9
i 36 215-8 || 36 569-0 33 408-2 | 33 181-5
Brrizar. k=0-0001205. BALANCE. k=0:000015 approximately.

BIFILAR THERMOMETER. aqyon f 52%4
BALANCE THERMOMETER. } et NTS Bets, { 54°-0"

Ma 64102 45m, The scale of the Bifilar Magnetometer having gone beyond the field of the reading telescope, the torsion circle was
ed from 287° 44’ to 291° 45’; the subsequent readings have been reduced so as to be comparable with those previous to the turning of
sion circle,—(See Introduction.)

64

ExtTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, MAy 6—JunzE 7. 1843.

DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE,
Mens tee. |Min.| Reading |Min.| Reading |) Min.| Reading
of ilreduced: of Cor- of Cor-
Obs. Obs.| rected. ||Obs.| rected.
Oe red | eee ees m. | Se. Div. m. | Mie. Diy.
May °6 12 || 34 | 24 33-35) 34 400-4
35 | 24 36-31) 35 401-2
36 411-3
37 418-7
38 412-8 || 38 125-0
39 | 24 46-29) 39 4108
40 | 24 47-92|| 40 409-4
41 411-5 || 41 123-2
42 | 24 49-89]! 42 416-0
43 421-8 || 43 120-0
44 | 24 55-81 || 44 420.4
45 | 24 57-89] 45 429-9
46 434-8 || 46 150-5
47 441-3
48 446-7 || 48 175-0
49 | 25 7-65] 49 449-2
50 | 25 10-09] 50 447-9
| ol 447-9 || 51 207-1
52 447-5
53 449-9 || 53 235-7
54 448-5
55 | 25 14-48] 55 448-7
56 446-7
57 445.5
58 441-4 58 276-3
59 441-0
May 6 13 0| 25 9-81 0 438-0
1 437-4 1 330-0
4 454-4 3 351-0
5 | 24 59-69 6 388-5
7 | 24 58-25] 7 470-7 8 402-0
9 480-0
10 | 24 58-01] 10 484:8
1l 488.4 11 414-6
13 492-1 12 420-6
15 | 25 2-33 || 15 491-7 16 425-6
20 | 25 9-47] 20 489.4 23 474-1
24 487-8
25 | 25 12-50] 25 487-0 || 26 509-6
May 7 10 | 37 | 25 32-31] 38 463-5 || 39 586-0
40 30-45 | 41 460-0 || 42 580-0
May 7 12 58 531-7
May 7 13 0 19-96|| 2 452-7 3 522-6
5 19-39 || 7 458-0 8 520-2
10 19-73 || 12 454-1 13 519-6
15 19-15 || 17 447-8
20 17-34 || 22 454:5 23 514-3
25 15-47 || 27 461-6 || 28 508-6
30 16-60 | 32 461-5 33 512-1
35 14-70 || 37 459-3 | 38 501-2
40 14-42 || 42 457-4 || 43 499-5
45 13-61 || 47 459-1 || 48 496-9
50 14-31 || 52 460-2 || 53 496-2
15-09 460-1

DECLINATION. BIFILaR, BALANCE.
Mean tae, |Min-| Reaaing |/3in.| Reading | Min.
Ota Reduced: of Cor- of
Obs. Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected. |
ide chs m. eS y m. Se. Div. m. Mic. Diy, |
May 7 14] 0| 25 13-84 :
5 13:88 || 7 462-7 8 503-6 |
May 10 2|| 0| 25 30-16] 2)| 514-7 | 3]| 664.39
42 478-5 || 43 679-8 |
May 10 4 0 26-13|| 2 518-1 3 696-9 |
May 10 6 0 17-69 || 2 531-2 3 705-6 |
15 16-68 || 17 535-6 18 707:3 |
20 16-53 || 22 546-0 || 23 709-5 |
30 19-29 || 32 528-2 || 33 T17-7 |
40 20-43 || 42 521-1 | 43 715-0 ©
45 23-77 || 47 517-2 |
May 10 8] 0 23-48) 2] 512-0 3} 708-6
May 15 8 0 | 25 23-91 2 523-9 3 701-2
10 533-7
25 22-77 || 27 516-0 || 28 727-8
30 22-58 || 32 509-8 | 33 746-0
40 21-79 || 42 512-7 || 43 789-1
45 22-36 || 47 507-1 || 48 803-4
55 19-22 || 57 502-2 || 58 840-6
May 15 9 0 17-61 2 501-7 3 843-9
5 16:33 | 7 499-0 8 844.
15 13-71 || 17 494.2 || 18 831-1
20 12-13) 22 496-0 | 23 814.
30 16-73 || 32 495-0 || 33 785-
45 22-32 | 47 497-3 || 48 760-
May 15 10 0 22-58] 2 497-2 3 737-2
May 29 18 0 | 25 28-67|| 2 509-6 3 615-9
30 23-66 | 32 507-2 || 33 618-4
May 29 19 0 19-89
May 29 20 0 24-53) 2 493-3 3 646-0
10 23-39 || 12 491-0 || 13 643.
June 2 20 0 | 25 15-79] 2] 493-8 3
June 2 21 | 15 28-14 || 17 448.2 | 18
30 30-74 | 32 479-9 || 33
35 30-82 || 37 480-5 || 38
June 2 22 0 34:85 | 2 491-8 3
10 34-61 || 12 493-8 || 13
30 33-42 || 32 489-0 || 33
40 31-66 | 42 486-5 || 43
June 2 23 0 30-05 || 2 491-4 3
June 7 10 0 | 25 32-35 2 510-1 3
10 28-23 || 12 515-9 13
15 27-56 || 17 521-8 18
20 27-87 || 22 524-7 || 23
25 28-10 || 27 519-2 || 28
30 26-89 || 3 513-2 || 33
40 20-84 || 42 525-5 || 43
45 20-48 | 47 512-2 || 48
50 19-93 || 52 506-0 |) 53
18-68 499-5

BIFILAR.

k=0:0001205,

BALANCE.

k=0:000015 approximately.

BIFILAR THERMOMETER.
BALANCE THERMOMETER.

°, °,
} May reas, {F153 reads, { Fon

51°23

154 9h, {

50°-9.
50°-6

June 24 23h, {

49°-7.
49°-6

May 6413) 5™, The torsion circle was turned back from 291° 45’ to 287° 41’; the readings till 13" 25™ have been corrected by +8
Se. div., in order to make them comparable with those before 10% 30™, J

ExtTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JUNE 7—JULY 24. 1843. 65

a DECLINATION. B1FILar. BALANCE. DECLINATION, BIFinar. BALANCE.
j tti 7 A Gottingen ‘ ae ; 3 e
i es tine. es Reading aa aie —_ ae Mean Mees eae ne eS pare ei Bere
| :. Obs. Monies Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected. | Obs. ee | Obs. rected. || Obs.| rected.
} d. h. m © % m™. Se. Div. m. Mie. Div. peri | m. a ‘ | m. Se. Div. m. Mic. Div.
| June 7 11 0 | 25 15-99) 2 496-8 3 619-0 | July 1 7 || 45 | 25 19-20] 47 542-0 | 48 678-1
a 5 14.01] 7} 493-9 | 8 | 620-5 50 22-67 || 52 | 538-7 || 53] 681-6
10 13-03] 12 | 495-0 || 13 | 619-7 55 25-16] 57 | 529-5 || 58 | 680-7
| 15 14-33 || 17 490-8 18 623-4 | July 1 8 0 25-48 || 2 520-5 3 681-4
20 16-24 || 22 492-5 23 624-7 5 25-78 || 7 517-5 8 679-9
| 25 18-01 || 27 492-1 28 | -622-5 10 25-51 || 12 516-1
| 30 18-86 |) 32 490-9 | 33 615-7 20 24-75 || 22 518-0 || 23 674-4
| 35 19-22 | 37 490-1 38 608-3 30 26-62 || 32 509-9 || 33 676-8
] 40 19-76) 42 490-7 | 43 602-1 35 27-07 | 37 503-3 || 38 679-5
| 45 18-57 || 47 490-8 || 48 597-2 40 26-13 | 42 502-5 || 43 678-1
50 17-38 || 52 | 490-8 || 53 | 591-7 45 25-34|47 | 504-4
| 55 17:17 || 57 489-6 | 58 583-7 | July 1 10 0 25:90) 2 506-6 3 669-6
Hyune 7 12 0 16-40 2 483-2 3 576-0
| 5 15-81] 7] 481-9 July 4 8 0 | 25 26-15|) 2] 521-1 3 | 668-0
10 14-62) 12 | 483-9 | 13 578-0 50 13-81 || 52 530-3 || 53 668-6
to 15 14:06 || 17 488-5 18 580-9 55 15-46 || 57 533-1 58 535
; 20 14-43 | 22 491-6 || 23 587-1 | July 4 9 0 17-94|| 2 526-4 3 670-0
25 14-60 || 27 | 496-7 || 28 593-2 5 19-10] 7 | 520-4 8 | 671:5
30 15-97 || 32 499-3 33 598-5 | 10 19-46 |) 12 516-7 13 670-5
35 17-20 15 19-91 || 17 514-5 18 33
une 718] 0 21-95] 2| 484.6 | 3} 633-7 20 21-10) 22 | 514-5 | 23 »
30 25-43 | 32 485-3 53 636-2 30 23-24 || 32 512-3 || 33 ey
une 7 20 0 25-92) 2 489-1 3 642-6 | July 4 10 0 25-86 || -2 512-5 3 667-4
une 9 20 O | 25 19-54 2 518-7 3 655-38 | July 24 6 0 | 25 25-32] 2 567-3 3 621-0
10 20-25 || 12 508-2 13 658-3 10 22-25 || 12 540.9 13 635-2
15 20-54 || 17 507-8 18 657-2 15 22-63 |) 17 541-1 18 637-1
20 21-02) 22 505-8 || 23 655-6 20 22-69 || 22 544-6 || 23
ine 9 22 0 24:06|| 2 497-2 3 657-5 25 23-14 | 27 539-1 28 641-5
- —— 30 22-97 || 32 534-5 || 33 644-6
ane 11 22 0 | 25 25-19] 2 477-4 3 663-7 35 22-11) 37 527-4 || 38 646-8
me 11 23 5 29-48|| 7 467-5 8 673-9 40 22-62 || 42 529-2 || 43 647-2
mel2 0 0 27-83 || 2 492-2 3 663-8 45 22-58 || 47 536-3 | 48 3
—— 50 22-38 || 52 546-7
me 13 6 0 | 25 24-60 2 492-5 3 731-0 53 538-8
30 22-67 || 32 539-2 || 33 712-9 | July 24 7 0 23-53 2 522.6 3 656-4
35 24-65 | 37 534-2 || 38 710-6 5 24-27) 7 518-7 8 659-6
40 25-21 || 42 530-3 || 43 709-9 10 24-67 || 12 521-0 13 a
45 25-73 || 47 523-9 || 48 710-3 15 25-01 |) 17 524.7
50 26-62 || 52 516-8 || 53 710-9 22 516-0 || 23 672-6
, 55 26-10 | 57 511-2 || 58 709-1 25 25-95 || 27 525-5 28 670-4
mel3s 7 0 26:08 | 2 512-6 3 708-0 30 25-14 | 32 523-8 || 33 672-6
ne 13 8 0 ie 26-62] 2 510-4 3 695-9 35 25-07 | 37 525-3 || 38 675-8
40 24-67 || 42 533-8 || 43 BS
ne 30 18 0 | 25 25-14] 2 488-8 3 582-2 45 24.67 || 47 528-1 48 675-6
30 23-26 | 32 494-4 | 33 600-5 50 24-58 || 52 523-8 || 53 679-5
e 30 19 0 24-55 2 491-5 3 612.3 | July 24 8 0 22-99) 2 524-7 3 685-1
30 19-22 || 32 495-9 33 618-3 | July 24 9 5 18-43 7 511-5 8 710-9
ne 30 20 0 16-40 2 484-5 3 636-9 10 20-37 || 12 506-7 | 13 709-1
he 30 21 | 17 475-6 18 657-3 15 20-28 || 17 507-2 || 18 711-8
q 20 19-15 20 19-13 | 22 | 503-2 || 23 | 694-9
3 25 19-81 || 27 483-9 || 28 652-1 25 19-09 || 27 494-2 || 28 | '677-4
ie 30 22 0 20-92) 2 481-4 3 647-6 30 17-88 || 32 499-3 | 33 654-2
¥ 35 17-47 || 37 495-0 || 38 659-0
il 66 0 | 25 28-64] 2 517-8 3 666-5 40 12-74 || 42 474-8 | 43 631-7
Brrivar. k=0-0001205. Batance. &k=0-000015 approximately.

BIri~an THERMOMETER. 56°72 | n f 5270. 54°83 n f 68%4 . 61°38
BaLance THERMOMETER. } Weer eft? { 56708 7° 128, {boo ae Te { 51-0" Sh en 67-0 248 | :

AND MET. ozs. 1848. ‘ R

66 EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JULY 24, 25. 1843.

|
DECLINATION. | BIFILAR. | BALANCE. DECLINATION. BIFILaR.

Gottingen . ; ; ; aioe : ;
Mean ‘time. Bk Reading Reading Min. Reading eae ‘| Reading Reading
Reduced, || Cor- of Cor- Reduced. Cor-
rected. Obs. | rected. é .| rected.
a he te 2 4 | : Se. Div. a Mic. Div. a. ke. a .. i & Se. Div.
July 24 9 25 1-01} 490-5 628-3 July V5, 25 29-17] & 572-1
24 53-72 2 524-3 |! 634-7 25-29 584-8
| 24 52-22 528-7 || 599-6 July Disye i 33-07 598-8
July 24 10 24 55-11 || 507-9 |) 593-6 41-04 580-8
24 57-04 493-4 608-2 28-08 569-6
24 56-95 | 493-2 636-0 21-91 |
24 52-72 513-2 638-3 29-88 568-1
24 57-22 || 516-7 626-4 33-54
25 6-67) 507-9 629-0 35-89 559-1
5-91) 508-5 627-9 39:39
6-77 || | 508-2 | 622.5 37:37
14-43 514-9 606-7 34-73 547-6
15-66 515-3 604-9 30-51 557-2
July 24 11 17-20 518-0 601-1 35-69 | « 560-6
20.25 511-2 603-3 32-27 586-3
22-29 516-4 604-8 46:94 558-7
48-53
July 24 22 25 31-03 444-1 674-9 35-73 543-1
31-93 438-0 678-6 23-48
32-57 436-0 678-6 24-03 572-8
33-22 439-0 677-0 July 25 4 28-12 609-2
34-83 |) 441-5 675-8 41-41 |
34.28 || 442-4 | 674-3 41-11) 599-5
34-72 440-3 ” 597-1
33-47 438-5 b » 34-11
32-58 |) 438-8 681-3 28-72 || 597-5
31-01 441-7 676-1 594-4
29-96 || 447-0 675-1 40-35
July 24 23 31:36 451-5 ” 45-95 574-8
31-56 458-4 677-2 52-67
34-82 | 462-5 684-6 51-29 | 550-4
35-56 463-0 688-0 552-7
34-66 || 473-2 696-0 38-96
July 25 0 33-18 || 467-2 702-6 35-49 566-1
34-52 | 475-0 722-2 567-7
July 25 1 32-05 497-6 745:3 39-27
31-32 488-8 756-2 40-91 553-7
32-69 | 486-1 766-0 554-2
35-89 || 495-8 771:8 31-56
38-69 | 494-0 776-9 29-60 | 562-2
35-62 505-0 782-0 568-1
33-96 520-3 787-2 32-62
34-92 519-4 790-0 33-76 594-9
, 84-65 519-6 795-1 599-8
36-90 518-7 803-6 33-74
35-59 517-5 814-0 33-60 627-7
36-03 517-9 836-3 626-7
32-24 Z 516-5 861-5 39-02
30-16 524-6 853-3 39-63 602-8
30-37 536-7 848-2 606-6
34:85 538-0 849-8 38-92
36-63 2 537-1 862-4 44-70 587-1
33-89 541-1 874:8 580-4
33-44 551-0 882-3 54-73 571-7
30-29 570-2 908-9 July 25 5 56-04 566-9

Biri~ar. k=0-0001205. BaLancE. k=0:000015 approximately.

BIFILAR THERMOMETER, \ July 242 115, 1 6a8 252 18, ree 254 3h, tas

BaLaNcE THERMOMETER. 607? 63°-9

ExtTrA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JULY 25—Auveust 8. 1843. 67

E> DECLINATION. BIriILar. BALANCE. DECLINATION, BIFILAR. BALANCE.
eens, Min. Reading Min.| Reading || Min.) Reading Hear Min. Reading Min.| Reading || Min.| Reading |
of | Reduced. || f Cor- of Cor- of | Reduced. || of Cor- of Cor-
Obs. Obs.} rected. || Obs.} rected. Obs. Obs.} rected. || Obs.| rected.
a oh m. Ces m. Se. Div. m. Mie. Div. dh. m. : bs m. Se. Div. mm, Mic. Div.
fuly 25 5 1) 562-1 1| 851-0] July 25 10 | 95 | 25 13-51] 56 | 478-4
; 2 25 52-70] 2] 556-0 57 | 484-7 | 58 | 602-7
i 3 552-2 3 877-4 59 488-0
| 4 50-05 4 553-6 July 25 11 0 12-60 2 486-6 o) 649.3
| 5 48-33 5 554-4 4 481-9
; 6 | 556-3 6 | 891-3 5 11-77|| 7 | 480-8 || 8| 671-6
{ 7 46-76 a 557-0 9 483-5
| 8 558-4 8 895-6 10 10-55 || 12 487-0 || 13 679-3
| 10 44-43|| 10 | 559-3 15 14-03] 17 | 484-6 | 18 | 671-6
| 12 40-53 || 12 559-9 20 16-95 || 22 482-8 || 23 674-5
| 13 561-1 13 900-5 25 19-27|| 27 | 482-0 || 28 676-9
15 39-52 || 15 568-4 || 18 905-7 40 20-68 || 42 479-0 || 43 667-8
| 20 37-15 || 22 568-3 || 23 904-8 50 21-88) 52 484.9 || 53 667-6
a 25 34-12 | 27 566-7 28 920-2 | July 25 18 0 15-03 2 466-0 3 642-9
Le. 30 29-38 || 32 555-7 || 33 908-5 20 15-19 || 22 485-9 || 23 640-7
| 3 35 32-511|| 37 553-6 38 907-0 30 15-32 || 32 484-1 33 639-0
| 40 37-61 || 42 524-6 43 soe i a
43 523-8 Aug. a 4 0 | 25 29-08 2 535-3 3 604-0
44 29.31|| 44] 524.3 20 27-22) 22 524-9 || 23 615-6
a 45 28-35 | 45 526-6 Aug. 3 6 0 21-08|) 2 512-7 3 637-0
46 | 525-9 | 46] 862-3 aa
47| 525-9 | 48| 8449 | Aug. 3 22 0 | 25 20-82] 2) 466-7 3 625-5
50 30-40|| 52 512-9 || 53 817:5 35 26-:19|| 37 | 474-5 || 38 619-3
\ 55 31-73 | 57 512-8 || 58 811-3 | Aug. 4 0 0 31-43] 2 490-3 3 601-8
uly 25 6 0 31-96] 2 519-4 3 812-8 47 34-90 | 48 508-0 || 49 608-0
5 30-741 71 520-8 g| g12-7 | Aug. 4 1 | 20 29-38 || 22 | 522-2 || 23 663-8
15 25-58 || 17 530-6 18 798-9 45 31-36 | 47 512-4 48 660-1
20 28.27|| 22 | 530-4 | 93 | 7846 | Aug. 4 2 0 29-42|| 2] 512-9 3 | 682-0
25 30-42] 27 | 526-5 | 98 | 789-1 | Aug. 4 4 0 32-78) 2 519-3 3 | 685-9
40 22.38|| 42 | 520-7 | 43 | 7849 | Aug. 4 5 || 20 21-24 || 22 536-4 || 23 747-1
45 19-63 || 47 510-0- || 48 779.6 30 24-37 || 32 518-4 || 33 776-5
50 " 90.341 52 | 518-0 | 53 | 769-8 35 21-95|| 37 | 518-4 || 38 | 782-2
4 55 29.53 || 57 518-3 || 58 771-7 40 19-26) 42 518-7 || 43] 784-5
uly 25 8 0 19-63|| 2 508-0 3 736-0 45 18-48 | 47 522-5 || 48 789-6
uly 25 10 | 0 20-10) 2) 474-3 3| 663-7 50 15-83] 52 | 516-0 || 53 »
10 18-97] 12 | 479-7 || 13 658-8 55 11-24] 57 | 532-6 || 58 778-6
15 21-91| 17 | 469-3 | 18 | 643-1 | Aug. 4 6] 0 13-68|| 2] 537.3 3 | 772.5
20 21-28 || 21 463-5 5 17-15 ti 532-2 8 767-0
22! 460-2 | 23] 826-6 10 19-37] 12 | 528-6 || 13 | .759-8
25 20-07 || 26 462-3 15 22-02] 17 524-3 18 752-0
27 462-1 || 28 611-9 25 24:37 || 27 516-8 || 28 738-1
29 | 445-9 Aug. 4 8] 0 21-24) 2) 517-4 3 | 679-1
30 19-80] 31 | 448-2 SSS S|
32 | 442-1 || 33 | 562-3 | Aug. 8 18 0 | 25 37-51] 2] 461-8 3 | 475.2
34 437-5 10 38-08 || 12 466-6 13 462-9
35 20-28] 36 | 425.7 15 42-41] 17 | 456-6 || 18 | 451-6
37 431-9 38 520-6 20 43-74 || 21 468-0
39 | 457-1 22 | 472-3 | 23 448.7
r. 40 17-83 || 41 465-3 24 476-7
a 42 | 470-2 || 43] 566-7 25 43-49 || 26 | 480-3
44 | 476-5 27 | 481-8 || 28] 447.6
45 13-71 || 47 | 486-6 | 48 | 576-1 30 43-80] 31 487-8
49 476-3 32 490-5 ae 442-0
50 13-44|| 52 | 460-2 || 53 | 567-0 35 43-12 36 | 496.2
54 | 467-2 37 | 498-7 || 38 | 437-9
Biritar. k=0:0001205, Bawance. k=0-:000015 approximately.

64-4,
6472

Biritar THERMOMETER. } July 25 11%, {

\ BALANCE THERMOMETER.

68 ExtTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, AuGUsT 8—SrpremBer 18. 1843.

| DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION, BIFILAR. BALANCE,
ee eae Min. Reading Min. Reading Min.| Reading oa Min. Reading Min.| Reading | Min.
ona maaeed: of Cor- of Cor- On aedweadt of Cor- of
|| Obs. Obs. | rected. || Obs.| rected. Obs. Obs. | rected. || Obs.
dad. oh. m. S é m. Se: Div. ™. Mic. Div. 1 m. ? Y, m. Se. Div. m.
Aug. 8 18 | 40 | 25 42-23 || 42 503-7 || 43 427-6 Sept. i 2 3/25 31-22) 5 507-7 eae
45 39-20 || 46 508-6 24 31-00 || 22 517-9 tes
47 508-6 || 48 421-5 25 500-0 ee
50 37-77 || 52 511-3 53 426-7 46 32-42 || 44 518-6
55 35-62 || 57 513-1 58 429-9 | Sept. 1 3 | 10 33-62) 11 511-9
Aug. 8 19 0 33-71 2 512-5 3 436-1 35 28-97 || 33 493-6 ooo
5 32-95 7 512-8 8 445-5 35 490-9 see
20 32-15 |) 22 512-7 23 457-2 37 496-6 tes
25 30-10 || 27 504-6 28 482-9 56 521-2 vee
45 23-06 || 47 502-2 || 48 512-0 58 28-30 | 59 529-1 tees
Aug. 8 20 0 19-49 2 498-1 3 537-5 | Sept. 1 4 0 27-78 2 525-1 vee
Aug. 8 21 || 20 20-20 || 22 486-3 23 595-8 16 525-9 tee
25 20-21 |) 27 483-5 28 596-7 18 27-10 || 19 513-8 a
Aug. 8 22 0 21-95 2 478-8 3 605-6 39 502-9 oe
40 29-35 || 42 516-7 tee
Aug. 22 0 0 | 25 31-76 2 498-8 3 663-3 4 530-1 tee
Aug. 22 1 5 39-39 a 490-0 Sept. 1 6 7 29-20] 8 532-4
10 37-03 |) 12 477-7 13 675-3 27 506-3
15 36-38 | 17 483-6 18 673-0 30 23-01 || 29 513-2
20 38-11) 22 492.1 23 671-7 47 514.2
25 39-59 || 27 505-4 28 665-5 50 20-12) 50 497-8
30 40-89 || 32 509-6 33 664-7 | Sept. 1 6 0 19-42 2 491-8
35 36-63 | 37 481-4 38 675-3 8 495-9
40 35-67 || 42 497-8 43 665-1 9 17-12] 11 503-8
45 37-07 || 47 496-9 || 48 Pr 46 23-05
50 36-60 | 52 494-9 53 668-8 | Sept. 1 8 0 17-60|| 2 511-8
55 34-65 || 57 490-3 58 672-9
Amp 22) 12 0 33-54 2 487-4 3 675-0 | Sept. 1 20 0 | 25 32-55 2 478-0 oe
20 33-98 || 22 530-0 23 Bh 15 31-72 || 17 489-6 aa
25 33-84 || 27 529-8 28 683-7 30 30-37 || 32 496-4 ave
30 32-48 || 32 516-8 33 689-2 45 28-17 || 47 503-1
35 31-46 || 37 517-2 || 38 692-1 | Sept. 1 22 0 24-41 2 483-5
42 526-3 Sept. 2 0 0 26:83 2 485-6
45 32-87 || 47 552-3 48 Be 57 28-44 |) 56 492-8
50 33-78 || 52 536-6 53 ge Sept. 2) as 28-35 || 18 497-6
57 524-3 38 505-6
Aug. 22 3 2 521:3 55 489-7
5 33-17 i 524-1 8 705-2 | Sept. 2 2 0 28-05 2 492.4 ote
17 514-6 11 500-0 ooo
40 33-51 || 42 533-1 43 708-3 14 510-1 “
45 31-50 || 47 512-0 || 48 715-6 28 507-0
50 31-07 | 52 505-0 53 720-4 31 497-6
57 495-2 48 505-1
Aug. 22 4 0 31-22) 2 504-7 3 718-9 | Sept. 2 3] 10 27-37 || 11 498-1
10 30-42 | 12 505-1 13 716-6 29 493-1
Aug. 22 5 || 15 28-64 || 17 533-9 18 613-2 | Sept. 2 4 0 26-60 2 503-8
| 35 27-33 || 37 523-6 38 628-5 | 21 517-6
Aug. 22 6 0 26-94 2 519-0 3 731-3 | Sept. 2 5 | 19 22-42) 20 499-2
= i 38 513-1
Sept. 1 0 0 | 25 28-59 2 504-7 oe Sept. 2 6 0 20-36 2 507-5
| 59 29-95 || 58 499-8 oe oo |
Sept. 1 1] 0 2 499-8 see | wees Sept. 18 10 0 | 25 7-65)) 2 519-0 3
| 21 30-73 || 22 505-5 Soe 10 5-65 || 12 530-1 13
| 43 31-22] 42 | 513-5 |... | ose 15, 4.28) 17 | 539-5 || 18
Sept. 1 2] 0 31289) 2) | Sil4e3y ive |) 2202 20 5-33 || 22 | 539-7 || 23
Birivar. k=0-0001205, BaLance, k=0:000015 approximately,
BiriLan THERMOMETER. 604 58°7
BALANCE Demeueueney er ae { Gors: eas { 58-2"

Aug. 224. A faint Aurora observed for a short period this evening at Edinburgh.
Sept. 1424, Observations made during experiments to determine the temperature correction of the Balance Magnet.

MAG. AND MET. ozs. 1843,

Sept. 184 10h 50m,
Sept. 184 11h 45m,
Sept. 184 12h 40m,
Sept. 194 104 Om,

A band of auroral light, about 10° altitude, seen among the clouds to NNW.
Auroral light still visible, but very faint.
The aurora has now almost entirely disappeared.
Lightish to NNW. Auroral light ¢

Sept. 194114 0m, All traces of auroral light have vanished, the sky nearly clear.

EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, SEPTEMBER 18—OcroBeEr 26. 1843. 69
DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE, DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE,
Min.| Reading |Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading pottingen atin Reading | Min.| Reading || Min,| Reading
of Reduced of Cor- of Cor- of iicahach, of Cor- of Cor-
Obs. * Obs.| rected. || Obs.|} rected. Obs. Obs.| rected. |/Obs.| rected.
ited. m. s ci m, Se. Div. m™m. Mic. Diy. ad. h. m. cl wv m. Sc. Diy. m. Mic. Div.
ept. 18 10°] 25 | 25 6-79 27 | 539-7 | 28) 774-9 | Oct. 4 23 5 | 25 32-87] 7] 471-9 8 | 769-0
30 9:89 || 32 | 538-0 | 33 | 772-5 10 32:53 | 12 | 470-0 | 13 | 763-0
| 35 12:14] 37 | 535-7 | 38 | 766-8 15 32:35 || 17 | 473-3 18 | 781-5
{| 40 11-64] 42 | 533-2 | 43 | 760-7 20 31-46} 22 | 480-1 | 23 | 798.4
| 45 11-28] 47 | 527-3 || 48 | 753-1 25 32-27|| 27 | 480-5 | 28] 798-7
| 50 10-88 || 52 521-3 53 748-2 30 32-10 || 32 485-5 33 779-6
55 10-50 || 57 515-4 58 754-9 35 32-10 || 37 490-5 38 749-8
Sept. 18 11 0 9-47|| 2] 513-7 3 | 761-7 40 32-62|/ 42 | 491-0 | 43] 763-6
| 5 10-08 7 510-0 § 762-9 45 32-80 || 47 492-3 || 48 750-9
| 10 9-57] 12] 508-1 | 13 | 759-4 50 32:91] 52 | 491-0 || 53 | 771-0
| 15 8-90 | 17 502-9 18 763-6 55 32-51 || 57 492.4 58 769:8
20 8-40 | 22 495-9 23 765-7 | Oct. 5 O 0 32-53 2 493-6 3 770-2
| 25 8-97 || 27 | 492-8 | 28 | 769.3 | Oct. 5 4 0 27-33 || 2| 513-2 3] 798-4
| 30 11-73 | 32 | 492-2 | 33 | 776-0 | Oct. 5 5 || 25 16:44] 27 | 501-6 || 28 | 853.2
} 35 15-99 || 37 487-6 38 786-0 30 16-53 || 32 505-9 33 854-9
40 19-37 || 42 | 489-7 | 43 | 786-0 45 20:61] 47 | 507-6 || 48 | 856-7
45 22-50] 47 | 491-6 | 48 | 782.0 | Oct. 5 6] O 25-31|} 2] 505.2 3 | 849-6
50 23-27 || 52 493-5 53 774.3 | Oct. 5 7 |) 55 15-19
’ 55 22-11] 57 | 503-1 | 58] 752-5 | Oct. 5 8 0 11-05) 2] 507-4 3) 302.9
ept. 18 12 0 19:93] 2] 515-0 3 | 737-2 5 3-01) 7 | 523-7 8 783-7
5 20-90 7 | 523-3 8 | 726-1 10 2-74 12) 535-9 || 13 | 771.4
10 23-16] 12 | 520-4 | 13} 721-3 15 6:97] 17 | 537-0 || 18 | 763-6
15 24.27) 17 | 521-3 | 18 | 704.4 20 11-47|| 22 | 523-8 || 23 | 762.9
20 24-67 || 22} 519-1 | 23 | 707-1 25 10-01]| 27 | 524-1 || 98 | 752.5
25 26-22] 27 | 518-0 | 28 | 708-5 30 11-32) 32 | 516-2 || 33. | 751-4
30 26-86 || 32 516-4 33 710-0 35 13-17 || 37 506-7 38 755-3
35 26-33 | 37 | 513-5 | 38 | 711-3 | Oct. 5 10 0 19-67] 21} 506-0 3 | 7663
ept.19 6 || O | 25 19-29] 92] 509.0 3 | 838-7 | Oct. 16 10 | 0 | 25 12-36] 2) 549.3 3 | 828-9
20 9:99] 22} 508-5 || 23] 854-5 5 18-68|| 7] 544-0 8 | 826-8
25 8-03 | 27 | 512-6 | 28 | 858-4 10 21-28] 12 | 537-0 | 13 | 823-0
30 7-95 || 32 515-5 3a 862-2 15 22-63 || 17 519-6 18 821-7
35 9-47] 37 | 514-7 | 38 | 863-0 20 21-29] 22) 514-0 || 23] 819-5
40 9-27 42 | 510-9 | 43] 861.7 25 17-41 | 27 521-2 || 28 | 815-4
45 8-53 | 47 | 510-0 | 48} 860-1 30 15-88 | 32 | 527-3 || 33 810-4
50 7-56 || 52 | 513-9 || 53 850-5 35 17:18 37 | 525-0 || 38] 810-4
55 6-47|| 57 | 516-3 || 58 | 852-8 40 17-76 || 42 | 523.5 || 43 | 810-4
ept.19 7 0 6-68 || 2] 518-3 3 | 851-4 45 17-88
; 15 6-03 ——— a = —
) 20 7-02|| 22 | 520-7 | 23} 848-3 | Oct. 17 2 0 | 25 18-41] 2) 4992.4 3 901-7
ept.19 8 0 14-:01|} 2 507-3 2 846-9 5 16:73|| 7 | 503-1 8 | 898.2
ept. 19 10 0 19-89] 2 511-2 3 780-5 10 21-02} 12 505-2 13 900-6
10 23:36 || 12 501-3 13 774-8 15 20-40 || 17 506-0 18 901-6
20 20-20 |) 22 515-6 23 762-0 20 21-24] 22 505-8 23 900-2
25 18-99 || 27 517-9 28 755-5 25 22-32) 27 506-4 28 899-8
30 15:00 || 32 | 521-6 | 33 757-6 55 24:69|| 57 | 506-1 || 58 | 875-8
35 11-53 | 37 528-7 38 754-7 | Oct. 17 4 0 25-32 2 508-5 3 884-6
40 10-48 | 42 | 537-9 || 43 749-7
45 12-20] 47 | 534-8 | 48 | 750-5 | Oct. 26 4 0 | 25 22:99) 2] 500-8 3 | 879-6
50 14-03 | 52 530-8 53 751-2 10 17-78 || 12 502-1 13 893-0
¢ 55 15-77 || 57 526.3 58 754:3 | 15 16-38 || 17 504:5 18 897-7
19 11 0 17:02} 2} 520-8 3 757-4 | 20 14-11] 22 | 510-8 | 23 897-6
25 14:36 | 27 518-0 28 894-9
4 22 0 | 25 23.93 2 486-7 3 781-0 30 15-84 | 32 522.1 Be 892-6
4 23 0 32-13 2 469-6 3 771-8 | Oct. 26 6 0 19-26 2 498-8 3 920-7
Birizar. k=0:0001205. Batance. k=0-000013 approximately.
9 D O°. 2, o, o,
Buuance tumeounens,} Sephist rn, (929, rse am, (E208; 19e ans, (S29. ot aa am, {989

70 EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, OcTOBER 26—DECEMBER 8. 1843. a

DECLINATION. BIriLaR. BALANCE. DECLINATION, BIFILAR. BALANCE,
Menge, |Min.| Rending |Min.| Reading |) min.| Reading } yfeanitme.’ |(Min-| Reaaing |Min.| Reading | Min, Reading
o Reduced. of Cor- of Cor- ofS "Reduced. of Cor- of Cor-
Obs, Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected. Obs. Obs.| rected. ||Obs.| rected. \
d. h. m. ° % m. Se. Div. m. Mie. Div. dad. h. m. eS x m. Se. Div. m. Mic. Divel
Oct. 26 6 || 56 | 25 5-63] Nov. 2 11 | 20 | 25 14-15/| 22 480-0 || 23 784-4
Oct. 26 7 0 9-89]; 2 531-9 3 876-7 25 15-14 | 27 476-9 | 28 775-5
5 16:03 || 7 524-5 8 873-9 30 13-08 | 32 504-0 | 33 |, 762-0
10 18-84) 12 522-7 13 867-3 35 11-76 || 37 515-0 | 38 743-6 |
20 22-80 | 22 504-8 || 23 864-5 40 15-16) 42 514-2 || 43 738-8 —
25 20-81 || 27 498-4 || 28 864-9 45 17-20 || 47 496-8 || 48 729.4 —
30 19-80 || 32 498-7 || 33 866-2 50 17-71 || 52 492-5 53 731-4
35 19-24 | 37 499-3 || 38 868-4 55 16-53 || 57 491-1 58 735-7 |
40 18-45 | 42 502-5 || 43 867-5 | Nov. 2 12 0 14-46 || 2 491-0 3 737-1
Oct. 26 8 0 20-34) 2 508-3 3 861-7 5 12-68 || 7 492-9 8 726-2 —
Oct; °26 «9 | 55 0-67 | 57 505-2 58 835-4 =
Oct. 26 10 0 1-14] 2 507-2 3 834-1 | Nov. 2 22 0 | 25 21-10)) 2 498-0 3 825-5 —
5 2-25] 7 506-4 8 835-5 15 22-25 || 17 496-8 18 827-1
| 10 3-68 || 12 505-0 13 836-3 | Nov. 2 23 0 24-94) 2 495-0 3 821-2 |
15 4-93 || 17 505-0 18 835-2 | Nov. 3 0 0 26-45 2 493-5 3 837-7 |
20 5-94 || 22 508-7 || 23 833-0 | Nov. 3 1 0 27-61 2 503-6 3 854-8
25 6-89| 27 | 507-2 | 28 | 830-7 | Nov. 3 2 0 25-51|| 2] 503-7 3 | 859-6
30 7-53 || 32 509-8 33 “rp Nov. 3 6 0 21-28] 2 514-4 3 840-8
35 8-46 || 37 511-8 38 826-6 | Nov. 3 7 | 30 17-20 || 32 508-0
40 9-32 || 42 511-6 || 43 824-1 | Nov. 3 8 0 13-71 2 517-6 3 836-5
45 9-94 || 47 512-7 || 48 818-7 10 15-74 || 12 514:5 13 828-8
50 10-06 | 52 512-1 53 815-5 | Nov. 3 10 0 21-05 || 2 510-2 3 832-6
—— —- -—— 10 20-84 4
Oct. 27 0 0 | 25 25-90)) 2 493-9 3 850-1
Oct) «27, 4101) 10 22-08 || 12 488-5 13 866-4 | Nov. 13 8 0 | 25 15-30] 2 502-6
Oct. 27 2 0 24:17|| 2 515-1 3 857-8 10 10-57 || 12 497-9
—— | 15 8-86 || 17 507-6
Oct. 30 10 0 | 25 17-76|| 2 507-3 3 854-1 20 10-76 || 22 504-3
10 19-10 | 12 517-7 13 853-9 45 9-73 | 47 501-9 ’
Nov. 13 10 0 16-87 || 2 504-1 3 805-0
Oct. 31 6 0 | 25 18-86] 2 513-8 3 846-2 = =:
Oct. 31 7 || 55 12-00 | 57 525-3 58 822-8 | Nov. 16 10 0 | 25 15-19] 2 504:5 3 882-3
Oct. 31 8 0 12:27] 2 525-2 3 823-0 15 16-53 7
10 15-36 || 12 520-3 13 ” il >
15 15-66 | 17 515-6 18 822-6 | Dec. 1 10 0 | 25 10-31 2 507-9 3 868-1
| 20 15-19 || 22 514-5 23 ” 10 12-40 || 12 507-6 13 867-6
30 15-64 | 32 510-0 || 33 ” 25 13-95 || 27 508-4 || 28 866-0
Oct. 31 10 | 0 17-88 || 2] 509-3 36244 ee = = 4
10 16-06 | 12 510-6 13 833-5 | Dec. 6 8 0 | 25 19-37]| 2 511-8 3 852-0 |
Se | 8 506-7 bY
Nov. 2 10 0 | 25 17-07|| 2 511-6 || 3 830-2 10 10-80 || 12 512-5 13 851-1
10 13-30 | 12 505-3 13 833-1 15 10-09 | 17 515-5 18 854-1
15 12-67 | 17 504-7 18 830-3 20 10-75 || 22 516-6 || 23 855
20 8-84 || 22 502-8 || 23 831-8 25 11-98 || 27 515-6 || 28 853-5)
25 6-37 || 27 499-8 || 28 830-3 30 14-11 || 32 513-5 33 860-1
30 4-75 || 32 505-8 33 825-2 | Dec. 6 10 0 19-15] 2 502-2 3 850-2
35 2-98 || 37 513-8 || 38 819-7 | Dec. 6 11 || 25 11-22 || 27 513-1 28 8178
40 4-22 || 42 516-9 || 43 816-5 30 11-76 j
45 5-78 | 47 514-6 || 48 811.9 | Dec. 6 12 | 20 15-05 ;
50 6-30) 52 510-4 || 53 806-3 | =
55 6-23 || 57 505-5 || 58 800-2 | Dec. 8 6 0 | 25 25-14|) 2 510-6#| 3 874-8
Nov. 2 11 0 6-27], 2 502-5 3 793-5 10 25-27 || 12 504-8 13 889-5
5 7:42|| 7 502-9 8 788-3 15 24-58 || 17 5048 18 895-6
10 10-77 || 12 494-7 13 788-8 20 24-80 || 22 502-4 || 23 902-3
15 13-00 | 17 481-1 18 790-8 25 23-39 || 27 501-1 28 898-1

Birmar. Before Nov. 104, s=0-0001205 ; after Nov. 104, k=0-0001300.
BaLance. Before Noy. 134, k=0:000013 approximately ; after Nov. 134, k=0-000014 approximately.

42°]
49°°5"

49°°3 |
49°53

45°-0,
44°-5

A4eA
44°-9

BIFILAR THERMOMETER.

a qb a 12h 1142
BALANCE Teaieowaroe i { Saye ain { aia | saiaibaidians S 7 {

Oct. 264 9% 50™, Aurorain the form of a low arch, 8° high, stretching from NW to N. At10»0™it was fainter. No aurora was visible at 9!

Oct. 262 10" 55™, Aurora imperceptible ; the north is partially covered with clouds.

Nov. 24 10" 30m, Milky like to N.; perhaps auroral light, but doubtful on account of moonlight. oe

Noy. 1348, The Balance Magnetometer not in adjustment. An auroral light to N. like the reflection of a great fire as seen below
thick mass of clouds. |

ExtTrA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, DEcEMBER 8—11. 1843. 71

DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION, || BIFILAR. BALANCE.
nee Min. Reading Min.| Reading |] Min. Reading eee Min. Reading Min. GE Min. Reading
i of ineanesal of Cor- of Cor- ofl Reduced. of Cor- | of Cor-

: Obs. Obs.] rected. || Obs.| rected. Obs. Obs.| rected. ||Obs.| rected.

’ Me tt m. 2 v, m. Se. Div. m. Mie. Div. d. h. m. 4 £ m. Se. Div. m. Mic. Div.
Dec. 8 6 | 30 | 25 22-05] 32 §00-5 33 911-9 | Dec. 10 13 5 | 25 11-19] 7 503-7 8 788-0
" 35 21-88 || 37 502:3 38 916-0 10 12-27] 12 | -504-9 13 791-3
40 21-91 || 42 501-2 || 43 916-0 15 13-17 || 17 505-7 18 790-6

' 45 20-88 20 14-48 || 22 509-2 23 7924
Dec. 8 8 0 17-88 || 2 502-8 3 947-9 25 15-37 || 27 506-6 || 28 793-0
7 | 490-3 8 954-9 30 15-52 || 32 503-9 || 33 795-1

10 13-61 || 12 493-1 13 946-7 35 15-56 || 37 503-3 38 797-1

15 12-43 || 17 502-1 18 931-0 40 16-38 || 42 500-4 || 43 801-0

20 15-12 || 22 500-6 || 23 923-0 45 16-91 || 47 500-4 || 48 803-3

25 12-90 || 27 500-8 || 28 928-0 50 17-47 || 52 503-5 53 805-8

30 11-98 || 32 496-1 33 927-0 55 17-88 || 57 504-1 58 806-3

35 6-57|| 37 | 501-7 || 38 | 902-8 | Dec. 10 14 0 17-20|| 2] 502-3 3 | 802-1

40 10-85 || 42 502-7 || 43 893-8 —
45 15-79 || 47 501-4 || 48 883-8 | Dec. 11 6 0 | 25 22-72]) 2 513-1 3 869-3

50 19-27 || 52 497-9 53 872-0 9 520-0 9 866-0

55 25-68 || 57 491-4 || 58 860-7 12 20-60

8 9 0 | 25 25-27|| 2 475-7 3 851-8 15 21-95 || 17 514-4 18 870-4
5 | 25 18-85 7 467-2 8 861-3 35 24-44 || 37 520-0 || 38 865-2

10 | 25 3-25] 12 478-7 1B} 854-1 40 25-14) 42 520-5 || 43 865-1

15 | 24 57-12] 17 491-1 18 843-0 45 26-35 || 47 515-5 48 865-4

20 | 24 56-15 || 22 494-5 23 841-8 50 25-12 || 52 514-9 || 53 864-3

25 | 24 54-91 || 27 496-9 || 28 840-9 55 24-94 || 57 517-5 58 860-8

30 | 24 56-73 | 32 503-3 33 841-0 | Dec. 11 7 0 23-50 2 517-3 3 859-5

35 | 24 59-22]! 37 506-2 38 839-8 5 23-10

40 | 25 2-53) 42 505-3 || 43 839-0 | Dee. 11 8 0 6-05 2 530-6 3 867-9

45 | 25 5-73)| 47 499-0 || 48 840-8 5 7-11 7 529-0 8 865-0

50 | 25 7-26] 52 493-5 53 844-5 10 8-51 || 12 529-8 13 860-0

55 | 25 7-62)! 57 492-5 58 847-0 15 10-48 || 17 527-4 18 857-8

8 10 0 | 25 8-23 2 494.4 3 851-2 20 12-43 || 22 526-6 23 855-7
5 | 25 10-34|| 7 496-8 8 851-5 25 13-89 || 27 525-1 28 852-3

10 | 25 13-14|| 12 498-5 Ti 853-1 30 15-41 || 32 525-4 33 848-5

Dec. 11 10 0 19-34 2 510-6 3 852-5

8 18 0 | 25 22-55] 2 530-7 3 816-0 10 18-06 | 12 507-6 13 856-4
15 23-29 || 17 529-7 18 8155 15 17-59 || 17 510-0 18 855-7

40 24-33 || 42 530-4 || 43 814-2 20 15-99 || 22 512-4 || 23 853-8

25 15-16 || 27 513-3 28 855-2

9 8 0|25 9-84|| 2 527-3 3 852-5 30 15-02 || 32 514-6 33 853-5
5 12-80] 7 533-3 8 847-3 35 15-10 | 37 515-4 || 38 853-1

10 14-40 || 12 536-2 13 839-6 40 13-89 || 42 516-5 43 849-2

15 13-93 || 17 529-6 18 842-5 45 12-45 || 47 517-1 48 845-5.

20 10-52 || 22 521-4 || 23 841-6 50 10-58 || 52 515-3 53 847-3

25 8-20 || 27 528-8 || 28 836-7 55 11-05 || 57 518-4 || 58 844-8

30 7-48 || 32 534-8 33 832-3 } Dec. 11 11 0 10-83}, 2 516-1 3 845-5

35 10-25 || 37 533-8 38 833-8 5 11-35 if 514-5 8 845-0

40 12-60 || 42 528-4 || 43 836-4 10 13-10 || 12 521-3 13 837-9
45 15-72) 47-| 521-3 48 839-5 15 15-52 || 17 534.3 18 827-9
50 15-39 || 52 518-0 || 53 839-3 20 20-41 || 22 535-4 || 23 818-9
55 17-00 || 57 511-9 58 843-2 25 22-43 || 27 531-5 28 811-4
9 9 0 17-96 2 509-7 3 845-5 30 23-68 || 32 521-8 33 808-0
5 18-43 7 509-5 8 846-5 35 23-32 || 37 511-1 38 806-4
9 10 0 18-15 2 510-4 3 849-0 40 20-32 || 42 507-0 43 802-0
- a 45 16-28 || 47 512-7 || 48 794-2
. 10 12 | 50 | 25 11-87} 52 495-8 53 778-6 50 13-96 || 52 515-1 53 793-7
é 55 10-58 || 57 500-2 58 781-9 55 14-95 || 57 518-8 58 791-3
10 13 0 10-41 2 503-7 3 783-0 | Dec. 11 12 0 16-01 2 525-4 3 788-7
Biritar. k=0-0001300. BaLancE. k=0:000014 approximately.
Biritark THERMOMETER. 46°°8 46°°8 46°-0 46°-0 48°-0
BALANCE THERMOMETER. \ Bie ES { 47°.53 9° 9%, { 472.53 10% 180, { agg LON 1a, { a7o3 M12 11h, { 487-7"

Dec. 102. (Sunday). It having been observed that the magnets were disturbed to-day, observations were commenced at midnight
Monday morning). -
5 ila 10% 20™. Auroral light to NNW.

72 ExtTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, DECEMBER 11—28. 1843.

DECLINATION. BIFivar. BALANCE. DECLINATION, Birivar.

Gottingen * ; : 5 Gottingen 3 z :
Mean Time. *| Reading Reading -| Reading | Mean Time. "| Reading Min.| Reading

, Cor- Cor- of Cor-
ed. R :
Reduce rected. .| rected. _| Reduced. | ops.| rected. || Obs. rected,

ay i . | Se. Div. . | Mic. Diy. Rieti 5 |e aen ae m. | Sc. Div. . | Mie. Div,
25 17-72 524-5 787-5 | Dec. 13 8 25 15-19] 12 | 507-0 879-5
> 16-46 525-0 781-5 16-37 || 17 | 507-7 | 878-8
13-91 525-2 779-0 17-07 || 32 | 507-5 873-1
21-29 505-7 826-1 | Dec. 13 10 21-28] 2| 512-6 849-7
20-60 18-55 || 12 | 518.7 846-1
22.74 512-2 827-6 19-36 | 17 | 517-3 843-6
23-44 512-2 830-1 19-58 || 22 | 516-8 845-3
23-27 511-2 2) :
19-09 519-0 Dec. 21 10 8-55 522-1 820-7
20:77 517-8 836-0 9-81 520-8 823-4
20-92 515-9 836-6 11-44 516-6 827-8
20-30 516-4 13-15 513-4 830-2
21-28 518-9 834-0 13-79 512-6 831-2.
27-87 510-7 851-8 15-03 512-6 so
29-39 |) 25 3] 865-6 14-78 513-1 830.2
26-72 3. 869-1 14-11 516-6 827-5
24-28 . 872-0 13-41 519-5 824.9
24-10 . 876-2 13-00 519-5 823.5
21-44 . 876-3 13-08 518-3 822.7
20-88 . 878-4 13-14 516-1 823-4
20-57 . 883-0 13-24 514-3 821-0
18-57 . 881-7 16-98 516-2 818-4
17-14 : $ a :
17-17 . % Bb 21-24 510-9 829-4 |
18-82 : 884.0 23-86 514-7 828.2
20-50 : - 5 22-65 513-5 830-1 |
20-75 883-2 20-81 503-1 876-4 |
21-98 887-4 21-04 501-2 883.4
23-70 887-4 20-68 501-3 885-7
14-78 869-9 20-85 504-1 887-3.
16-43 870-4 22-11 502-6 889.3.
14-98 870-1 20-52 502-4 891-2
12-83 868-9 20-52 501-2 894-8
11-91 . 865-8 19-61 504-3 902-5
10-18 863.3 20-58 512-3 894-5 |
10-88 864-5 21-71 514.8 893.4
12-68 864-4 23-06 512-3 894.6
12-48 || 4: 863-9 23-70 511-4 892-1
12-61 866-1 23.32] 22 | 509-3 892-9
14-51 868-3 22.45 507-5 892.3
14.98 868-4 21.04 || 32 | 507-3 890-2 |
15-23 509-2 18-26 509-3 888-7.
14-06 512-2 866-1 17-88 510-3 888.3
13-61 513-0 E 17-38 512-3 886-2
13-30 514-8 - ; 17-92 513-6 885-1 |
15-02 512-6 : 868-1 - -
16-55 506-2 871-1 : 24-60 511-7 834-7 |
19-39 513-9 826-1 24.99 || 2 512-7 830-3 |
16-01 512-1 826-9 23-07 516-5 827-5 |
15-22 511-4 829-2 23-07 511-9 839-6
15-70 509-4 831-8 : 25-78 511-0 843-8
16-13 || 32 | 508-3 832-9 26-40 512-9 843-7 —
23-88 509-5 842-9 |
13-62 | 504-8 24-99 508-9 846-0
14-55|| 7 | 507-3 26-62 |

Brrizar. k=0-0001300. Batancr. k=0:000014 approximately.

BALANCE THERMOMETER. 47°-5? 48°-0? “ 55°-0?

BIFILAR THERMOMETER. } Dec. 114 198, 124 3h, (Rs 128 7h, re 1 214 114, tes “9 214 12h, {

4679, 44°-9
278 7h, ee 280 1h, {te

124 Qh 20™, et seq. The Declination and Bifilar Magnets vibrating irregularly 2 to 5 Scale division.
2, 214 10%, Continued from the Term Observations.
c, 274 64, Faint Auroral light to N.?

Dec. 28 3

ExTrRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, DECEMBER 28—30. 1843.

DECLINATION,

BIFILAR. BALANCE.
Min : Min.}| Reading || Min.|} Readin:
of z a ae of Cor- i: of Cor- 5
Obs. Obs.| rected. ||Obs.| rected.
m. 2 4 m. Se. Div. | m. Mic. Diy.
37 | 25 28-03) 37 510-9 38 851-7
40 28-72
42 27-96 || 42 510-8 43 853-7
45 28-37
47 27-90 || 47 509-9 48 855-1
50 27-83 || 52 502-1 53 859-2
55 23-97 || 57 500-5 58 864-4
0 23-32 2 506-0 3 866-3
5 22-35 7 511-8 8 865-4
10 23-23 || 12 511-6 13 866-6
15 23-93 || 17 513-1 18 866-8
20 25-39 || 22 510-5 23 869-3
25 26-08 || 27 509-8 28 869-4
30 26-77 || 32 514-7 33 868-9
35 28-52
37 29-31 || 37 516-3 38 870-0
40 30-51
42 30-65 || 42 516-0 43 871-9
45 30-62 || 47 513-9 48 873-1
50 30-76
52 30-85 || 52 512-3 |
55 30-74 | 57 505-9 58 876-3
0 28-80 2 507-6
BIFILAR. k=0-0001300.

DECLINATION. BIFILAR.

Gottingen E 5 =
Mean Be e, || Min. Reading Min.| Reading
of | Reduced. || of Cor-

Obs. Obs.| rected.
aah hig m. S f m. Se. Div.
Dec. 28 2 5 | 25 27-40) 7 511-3
10 27-22) 12 511-8
15 26-67 || 17 512-0
20 26-59 | 22 510-7
25 25-95 | 27 509-9
30 25-38 || 32 509-3

35 24-69 || 37 509-1
40 23-81) 42 508-5
45 22.47 || 47 509-6
50 21-31) 52 511-8
55 21-26 || 57 514-4
Dec. 28 4 0 21-41 2 515-3
Dec. 29 10 0 | 25 12-50] 2 508.6
10 13-84 | 12 511-7
15 14:75 || 17 511-2
20 15-19 | 22 511-8
35 16-47 || 37 514-4

40 17:07
Dec. 30 10 0 | 25 15-22] 2 514-2
10 16-38 || 12 514-6
25 16-60 || 27 515-4
BALANCE. k=0:000014 approximately.

BIFILAR THERMOMETER.
BALANCE THERMOMETER.

\ Dec. 294 104}, { ween

47-2"

73

BALANCE.

Reading
Cor-
rected.

Mic. Div.
876-6

879-5
880-4
881-3
880-9
880-4
878-0

837-9
838-5

838-2
836-8

849-8
849-4

MAG, AND MET. ogs. 1843,

OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETIC DIP.

MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATORY,
1843.

76

Gottingen
Mean Time,
Middle of
Observation.

Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.

OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETIC Dip, JANUARY 2—Apnrit 18. 1843.

vation.

m.

58
50
25
45
65
43
70
57
25
35
50
50
40
28
48
35
40

60

NEEDLE.

Facer or Circie E.

Facer or Crrcte W.

30

35

65

53

45

60

40

45

Num-
ber.

Tem-
pera-
ture.

°

33
59
47
52
53
58
56
57
57
53
50
55

45

55
47
46

54
52
50
47
46
46
54
46
50
36
53

53

End
dip-
ping.

SS eS, = —_ >=" Fe a eee FES Get Ee EE ne ee a eS SS SE EE eee Se

POOP OO Er RRP POOP Peer rer ranmPpPpaemePpronds> ped ppodppobr>bibpeoeap

Mark on Needle

Mark on Needle

A. dipping
Minus

,

+ 34.37
+19-87
+ 29-62
+ 26-00
+ 22-12
+21-00
+ 22-75
+ 20-37
+29-00
+ 29-00

+31-50

| 426-00

+ 21-38
+29-13
+ 23-13
+ 24-87
+19-50
+ 22.38
+ 27-00
+ 23-00
+ 21:87
+ 26-87
+ 24:37
+ 24-25
+ 26-00
+ 26-63
+ 23-63

+ 24-62

B. dipping.

* Observations considered good.

Observed
Dip.

Jan. 164 22h,

wards reversed.

i
Gottingen
Mean Time,
Middle of
Dbservation.

’ d.
pr. 21
r. 24 23

hm.

22

9 23
22

25 3 Of

Obser-
vation.

m.

48

55
60

OBSERVATIONS OF MAGneEtTic Dip, APrit 21—AvugGust 7. 1843.

NEEDLE. Fact or Crrcre BE. Facr oF CirncLE W.
iia Tem- End Mark on Needle Mark on Needle
ber, | Pera- dip-
ture. | ping. E Ww. E. WwW.

‘ 57 i 73 6:5 | 69 46-0 | 72 37-5 | 69 14.5
A || 70 4.0 | 73 27-0 | 69 44-0 | 73 3-5

; 47 3 70 1-0 | 73 30-0 | 69 41-0 | 73 12-5
B || 73 20-0 | 69 16-0 | 72 51-0 | 68 59-0

; 1 73 35:5 | 69 19-0 | 72 52-0 | 68 40.5
A || 70 1-0 | 73 38-0 | 69 29-0 | 73 14-0

: 53 eS 70 9-0 | 73 41-0 | 69 28-0 | 73 12-5
B || 73 22-5 | 69 31-5 | 72 35-0 | 69 11-0

‘ 48 ie 73 28-5 | 69 33-5 | 72 36-5 | 68 54.0
A || 70 8-5 | 73 36-5 | 69 34-0 | 73 13-5

' a ie 70 8-0 | 73 33-5 | 69 33-0 | 73 7-5
B || 73 16-5 | 69 32-0 | 72 36-5 | 69 15-0

; ee i 73 17-5 | 69 37-0 | 72 40-0 | 69 5-5
A | 70 13-5 | 73 28-0 | 69 39-0 | 73 0-5

A 48 ms 70 9-5 | 73 27-5 | 69 38-0 | 73 6-5
B || 73 21-0 | 69 20-0 | 72 50-0 | 69 1-0

; of ‘a 73 30-5 | 69 13-0 | 72 57-0 | 68 56-5
A | 70 11-0 | 73 26-5 | 69 41-5 | 73 9-0

i oS iB 70 13-0 | 73 30-0 | 69 46-0 | 73. 7-5
B || 73 22-0 | 69 34.0 | 72 47-5 | 69 80

/ Be R 73 29-5 | 69 26-0 | 72 56:0 | 69 9-5
A || 70 4-0 | 73 30-0 | 69 44-0 | 73 18-5

i e 70 13-5 | 73 29:0 | 69 41-5 | 73 6-5
B || 73 46-0 | 69 25-0 | 72 36-5 | 68 34.0

i 1 73 46-5 | 69 24-5 | 72 44-5 | 68 33-5
A || 70 6-0 | 73 43-5 | 69 32-5 | 73 12-5

i "6 ts 70 5:5 | 73 39-5 | 69 31-5 | 73 16-0
B || 73 46:0 | 69 21-5 | 72 37-5 | 68 38.0

1 63 B || 73 51-0 | 69 24.5 | 72 48-5 | 68 34-5
1 70 | A || 70 8-5 | 73 18-0 | 69 44-5 | 73 21-0
1 74 1 70 4:5 | 73 34:0 | 69 39-5 | 73 13-5
B | 73 55-0 | 69 20-0 | 72 39-5 | 68 39-5

i ee i 73 48-0 | 69 26-0t| 72 43-5 | 68 39-5
A || 70 12-5 | 73 32:0 | 69 37-0 | 73 14-5

1. heeas e 70 8-5 | 73 32-0 | 69 40-0 | 73 18-5
“| \B |) 74 38-0 | 68 29-5 | 73 20-0 | 67 56-0t

i 67 ir 74 50:0 | 68 31-0 | 73 43-5 | 67 32-0
A || 70 4:5 °| 73 36-0 | 69 31-0 | 73 19-0

1 70 ie 70 2-5 | 73 42-0 | 69 35-0 | 73 23-5
B || 74 60 | 69 8-5 | 72 54-5 | 68 36-5

1 74 { 74 6-0 | 69 5-0 | 72 57-0 | 68 28-5
A || 69 48-0 | 73 58-0 | 69 22-5 | 73 44-0

1 67 {* 69 46:0 | 74 7-5 | 69 19-0 | 74 27-5
B || 73 43-5 | 69 23-0 | 72 59-0 | 68 41-0

1 702 B || 73 56-5 | 69 21-5 | 72 47-0 | 68 51-0
“| \A || 69 58-0 -| 73 36-5 | 69 18-0 | 73 51-5

1 66 | JA || 69 54:5 | 73 51-0 | 69 11-5 73 53-0
B || 74 0-0 | 69 32-0 | 72 46-0 | 68 51-0

1 {R 73 49-5 | 69 32-5 | 72 46-5 | 68 51-0
A || 69 40:0 | 74 6-0 | 68 59-5 | 74 4.5?

1 62 3 69 18:5 | 74 10-0 | 69 9-0 | 74 10-5
B | 73 5-5 | 69 37-0 | 73 4-0 | 69 25-0

1 74 12 73 11-5 | 69 27-0 | 72 34-0 | 69 22.5
A || 68 58-5 | 74 12-0 | 68 55-0 | 74 13-0

1 65 6 68 48-0 | 74 17-0 | 68 53-5 | 74 14-5
B || 73 39:0 | 69 5-5 | 73 4:5 | 69 3-5

Mean.

A. dipping
Minus
B.dipping.

+ 23-50
+ 29-62
+28-75
+ 27-62
+ 30-00
+ 25-50
+ 25-25
+ 27-37
+27-75
+ 26-25
+ 23-87
+ 32-25
+ 31-37
+ 32-37
+ 28-38
+ 29-37
+29-75
+ 33-88
+ 28-50
+ 29-38
+ 34-00
+ 43-38
+ 27-00
+ 25-25
+ 27-63
+ 24-13
+ 25-87

+ 20-13

Observed

Dip.

Observer’s
Initial.

we 2 |

4

ae he 2 ae = 2

4

qj. 2% 3B 4 Ge Sa e 4 a. & SZ

* Observations considered good.

+ Observations considered bad or doubtful.

May 302,

See Introduction. ’
June 54—Sept. 12. The Dip instrument during this period worked imperfectly, chiefly in lifting the needle. See Introduction for details.

The Dip instrument was removed from the Magnetic Observatory to the wooden house erected for it and the extra declinometer.

AG. AND MET. OBs. 1848.

78

OBSERVATIONS OF MaGnetic Dip, Avucust 14—DEcEMBER 29. 1843.

p Rote mes NEEDLE. Facr or CircLe B. Facer or CrrcLe W.
yeti os
Neao ing tt, Num-|Tem-| Bnd | Mark on Needle Mark on Needle Mean. in a
Observation. || ation. || P™ Ene ae B W. Bp Ww eee
a h ml | m. © 2 ‘ rs o ° es “A f : P 2 4
Aug. 14 23 45|| 120 | 1 | 61 i tan Poe rll 2 i rape + 35-00) 71 23-37%
ep (es ag Bea ester crea rarer y| (ceneeet mec | 23.04"
Aug. 21:22 45|| 60 | 1 | 57 {A Kelp ieee por aea ltrs ian Pea + 23-50|| 71 21-00% || W
Aug.25 3 40 1 | 70 | {3 So eo | ee ae | oe aoe [ae io | 70 arvet|+ 250) 7 at
Aug.25 7 0 1 | os [1B | 24 £2 | 97 225 | ee oe aoe | a1 sosog|* 488] 7 1860)
vg. s0-22'40|/ 35° | 1 | 66 |{4 | 98 85 | 78 or8 ee eo loo ais | 7 wreal|* 2207
Bees: off aso) |S ee ee ee eee eco (rast | 96a55|* OCs ae san
septa a olf asf a |v [14 | e283 | 78 a0 | eee tear [mi 520t|* 9086) t aa
Specs sf mocfe hloa ae: |e eee ee em elasree [yr soce)|? oon 22254]
xe mein rol] soe | 66 (4A 88 1D | 72 a88 ee a8s |e aso [7s aria)| oo"
Oct. 8 23 10]) 50 | 2 | 53 Ve hes atone ae aad Hs aie _ 30.38 || 71 18-814]
eb or cras|| soe) 1) s8 [ae |e Oe eee ete leans 70676] |e 42.00,
Dee oor aan ceo) a) [hss [A Oe ere oa eee I soo) | on
Nov. 20 1 30 1 ao [44 | ooaes | 22 Bo oe ee | cocis | 2 toos,|~ =e |
Nov.20 3 5] 95 | 1 JB | 24 sa5 70 27 | 76288 | cea | 70 4500) | 95) aa
Nov.21 135], 50 | 2 See eee eae aaiaes [71 acon oe ae 2671
Nov. 22 0 0 2 {B | ao0 |71 255 | 71 388 | ee |i ioiay| 08) 7
Kor as ato) ss ]-2'| as | {A-| 20809 | as cb ars ees | Fh aoeor | 2
Nor 226 of 100 | a°| s0.| 48 P22 SES | ans | ee ase | cies
De. 1 360} 60 | 2 | so [fs | 2022 | SRS | 20 tao | Tees | tr soos] | OO
Hee. 4 23:15]] 70. | 2 | as [48 2) 29 [2 ee re ee et acs [ai iszot | 7°]
De. ¢ aan] de] 2 | 46 ({4 | 2082 | 2280 |Z tothe Lt aos |
Dec. 12 1 of ~ 4 2 | ao [JB | 882 | 71 205 [71 Soe | ee ai accel | 250)
Deo 15> a:40 | =i [3+ | 50. |{4 [ZL oS bot eae re ee lan ano | rt orzo | oe
Dee 1 23 15]) oo | 2 | a2 {8 | 22 69 | 7200 | ae | Fo dso |r izso | 7925) M
Dec. 29° 2 20] 45 | 2 | oo | 44 | 70942 | 72 82 | Fe ate | “oo | ri saent | 0)
Dec. 27 015] 60 | 2 | a0 [43 | 7 29 7 808 | re ee) at oro | ri ira] 1787)
Dee s0(a5m) 7of 8 | az [LA [ee ee ee a ao [7 seve) | ee
* Observations considered good. + Observations considered bad or doubtful.

Aug. 184 8h, A first attempt to change the poles of the needle failed, probably from the wrong end of the needle being taken.
Sept. 124—Oct. 64. The dip instrument and needles sent to Messrs Adie and Son, Edinburgh, to be adjusted.

Oct. 9°%—Noy. 204. The observations in October were so unsatisfactory that they were discontinued for some time.
Nov 244 3, Before this observation the instrument was levelled, as it was previously slightly out of adjustment.

OBSERVATIONS

ABSOLUTE HORIZONTAL INTENSITY,

MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATORY,
1843.

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OBSERVATIONS OF ABSOLUTE HorizontTaL INTENSITY, DECEMBER 18. 1843.

84

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DAILY METEOROLOGICAL

OBSERVATIONS.

MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATORY,
1843.

MAG. AN! MET. ops. 1848.

86

Gottingen
Mean Time
of
Observation.

a ob.
1 20

23
Jan. 292

Jan.

ean eae

Jan. 9

Jan. 10

Jan. 11

CHaOAKNSO

1

oO

eo ooocecoeo

omocoouoo cocooooe

Banro-
METER.
Corrected.

in.
29-883
904
892
925

29-943
929
845
802

29-385
476
506
475

29-442
580
659
738

29-834
787
652
578

29-438
336
220
174

684
591

THERMOMETERS.

DaAILy METEOROLOGICAL

ANEMOMETER.

Dry.

31-0
32-0
34:8
31-4

26:8
31-7
34-8
35:2

41-0
37-2
39-9
36-5

35-6
34-0
36:8
35-8

34-7
35:3
40:1
43-9

38-7
40-4
41-7
36-1

32-8
31:3
34-7
38-1
37-7
38-1
40-2
39-9

32-0
37-0

37-0
34-8
34:3
33-2
32-9
33-0

35-2
32-6
34-7
35-4
34-7
31-0
30-5
29-4

Wet.

Diff.

Wm bP wr
mrman weeg

Max.
and Min.

41-2
32-7

38-0
30-7

0-003

0-117

0-021

0-025

0-021

0-650

0-092

0-000

Pressure.

Max.

Sie 9s, COs OO! OE Oleg
MoO Wanry SCOnwnnwsede WO SO - Son HNWANWF

ie Ee Cee oto Nie

Pres.

Ibs.
0-0
0-2

Direction of
Wind.

SW by 8.
SW by W.v.
SSW.
SW by W.

NW by N. v.

NNW.

Sw.
W by N.

WSsw.
WSW.
W by 8.

W by N.

WNW?
NW by N.

NW by N.
Ww?

Jan. 84 20%,

It is doubtful if the wet bulb was moist.
Jan. 9214, By means of the rain gauge it was found that 6 inches of snow
Jan. 1148, The wet bulb read higher than the dry bulb, although the fo

when the dry bulb reads below 32°, and the wet bulb reading is not given, it is from this cause.

was equivalent to 0°65 inch of water.
rmer was moistened and the water frozen.

In future, |

OBSERVATIONS, JANUARY 1—11. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLouDSs, &e. z Z
28

(ren |

ih.
20. Linear cirri radiating from NW. to SE. ; loose cumuli on E. horizon. Ww
23. Woolly cirri pointing from SE. + curl cirri to SW. pointing from NE., cumuli and linear cirri to SE, aie
2. Linear cirri to W. pointing N. by W.; cum. on the horizon from NE. to SW by S.; some patches of seud_ || W
_ 5. Patches of woolly cirri + loose ¢umuli nearly as before; linear cirri to W. pointing N. and S. [toE. || W
20. Cirrous clouds 2 Ww
23. Id; linear cirri.

2. Semi-fluid-like mass of cirro-stratus.
5. Id.

20. Seud, &e.

} 23. A bank of cirro-stratus to E., loose cumuli on Cheviot.
2. Seud.

5. Id.

20. Scud, &d., linear cirri.

} 28. Cumuli to E., bank of cirro-stratus,

} 2. Cumuli and cirrous clouds to E. and NE., a few cirro-cumuli to S.
5. Loose cumuli and seud.

. Cirrous clouds; red to E.; clouds breaking.
. Homogeneous mass of cirro-stratus.
. Scud + long cumuli on E. horizon ; cirrous clouds above ; breaking to S.

2
5. Id. + cirrous clouds, linear cirri to W. 3 misty rain lately.
0

Id. + id; a few drops of rain.
Id.

3.
2. Id. + loose cumuli on E. horizon, linear cirri to S.
5. Raining heavily. About 9" snow began to fall, and on the morning of the 8th about 6 inches had fallen.

4444 4444 S444 e445 4ee

0. Cirro-stratus.

2. Cirro-cumuli and linear cirri.

| 0. Cirrous clouds ?
24

4

2. Homogeneous cirro-stratus.

4, Scud + finely reticulated cirri, pointing from NNE. and SW.
6. Scud, &e.

8. Id.

10. A few patches of scud.

20. Snowing heavily—ceased in half-an-hour.
22. Light snow just begun. A little ago cirrous clouds seen above scud, which at 214 moved from W. by N.,
but now the clouds are quite homogeneous. The greater part of the snow which fell on the 7th and 8th

. Seud + cirro-strati above. [has disappeared this morning.
. Cirrous clouds and a few cumuli to E,

4. Haze and a few cumuli on horizon,

6. Patches of cloud to S.

8. Quite clear.

10. Loose scud. ‘

44ea0eu 4 deeeeeee

| 20. Cirrous scud and loose eumuli ; clearing off; some snow still on the ground.
2. Scud +~ fine linear and mottled cirri.
| 0. Scud and cirrous clouds.
| 2. Fine woolly cirri in zenith + scud on S. horizon.
4. A few patches of scud + linear, mottled and flame-cirri ; linear cirri pointing NNW. and SSE. ; cirro-strati.
6. Sky nearly covered with cirrous haze. Lunar halo about 23° radius.
8. Nearly as before. Halo still seen.
10. Some cirrous haze? Halo more distinct and beautiful than ever.

wesssaeu

; The clouds placed first have their motions given, the motions of those following the mark + are unknown; when more motions than

one are given, the clouds to which they belong are placed in the same order, beginning with the lowest, and are likewise separated by
colons,

88

Gottingen
Mean Time

of

Observation.

Jan.

Jan.

Jan.

Jan.

Jan.

Jan.

Jan.

Jan.

13 0

14

15 0

16 O

17 0

22
18 0

2

Oo

eo ooocoococoo coococeoeceo

0

Bano-
METER.

in.
28-625

983

Corrected.

Darity METEOROLOGICAL

THERMOMETERS.
Dry. | Wet. | Diff. bic a
22-1 | 22-1 | 0-0
22.0 | 21-9 | o1 | 307
27-3 | 26-4 | 0-9
31-6 | 29-3 | 2:3
31-4 | 28-9 | 2-5
27-3 | 26-2 | 1-1
25-6 | 24.4 | 1-2
24-1 | 23-5 | 0-6
33-9 | 33-8 | 0-1
34-3 | 33-3 | 1-0 ae
35-6 | 34-7 | 0-9
37-6 | 35:3 | 2:3
35-6 | 34-7 | 0-9
34-2 | 33-7 | 0-5
34-2 | 33.5 | 0-7
35-3 | 34-0 | 1-3
35-5 | 32:0 | 3-5
34.2 | 32:3 | 1-9 ae
34-2 | 31-1 | 3-1
35-0 | 32-1 | 2.9
30-8 | 30-62| 0.2?
30-3 | 30-22] 0-1?
27-3 | 24-7 | 2.6
26-6 | 24.0 | 2-6
35:8
Si 19-9
39:3 | 35-6 | 3-7
svi) || Sta8i) ess |
38:8 | 368 | 20 |
38-3 | 36-0 | 23 ses
39-9 | 36-8 | 3-1
38-9 | 36-1 | 2-8
37-9 | 35-4 | 2.5
35-3 | 33-7 | 1-6
32-3 | 31-2 | 1-1
35-0 | 33-2 | 1:8
36-3 | 34.9 | 1.4
38-5 | 37-1 | 1-4 ane
39-8 | 38:5 | 1-3
41-3 | 40-1 | 1-2
40-3 | 39-6 | 0-7
43-0 | 41-8 | 1-2
42-9 | 41-3 | 1-6
44.2 | 42-8 | 1.4
44-3 | 43-8 | 0-5
43-7 | 42-9 | 0.8
44.5 | 42.9 | 16 | Soe,
46-3 | 43-9 | 2.4 3
46-2 | 44-7 | 1-5

0-000

0-200

0-000

0:028

0-000

ANEMOMETER.
Pressure. | Direction of
Mex. | Pres,| “#4
Ib. Tb.
0-0 | 0-0
0:0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
2 3-0 SE,
3-5 | 3-0 SE by 8S.
3-2 | 0-5 SE.
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0:0 | 0-0
0:0 | 0-0
0-2 | 0-0
75 | 60 |NWby W.v.
4.5 | 2-5 WNW.vy.
3-8 1:5 |NWby W.v.
2.2 | 0-8 W by S.
1-2 | 0-2 W by 8.
0:5 | 0-2 W by 5S.
0:5 | 0-0
0-5 | 0-2 WSswW.
0-5
2-0 1-0 N by W.
15 | 0:8 N by W.
1:8 1-0 N by W.
15 | 0-5 NW by N.
15 | 0-8 NNW.
15 | 0-5 NW.
18 | 0-0
0-2 | 0-2 NW by N.
0-2 | 0-0
0:5 | 0-5 SW.
1-0 | 0-5 SW by 8.
2-5 | 2.0 Sw.
3.0 1-8 SW by W.
2.5 | 2.0 WSw?
0:8 | 0-2 | SW by W.
0-2 | 0-0
2.5 0-2 SW by 8?
1:0 1:0 | SW by 8S. v.
1:5 | 0-8 SW by W.
15 | 0-5 | SW by W.
2-0 | 1-8 | SW by W.
18 | 1-5 SW.
3-0 1-2 SW by 8.

Clouds moving from

Ww?

SW by W.
SW by W.
WSW : WNW.
W: NW.

W by 8.

w.

WSW?
WSW : WwW?

Jan, 114 204 15,

Jan. 15418».

The difference of the dry and wet bulbs = 0°4. y
The maximum temperature of yesterday was attained this morning, the maximum was therefore lost, and there was ng |

minimum, as the temperature rose during the night ; at 154 6" the temperature was 27°-4
Jan. 174 18,

The index of the minimum thermometer was at 36°4, which was probably the temperature at setting yesterday mort |
ing; the minimum given is from the dry bulb reading at 174 44, as the temperature was probably not below 43° during the night.

7

OBSERVATIONS, JANUARY 11—18. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLoUDs, &c.

. Linear cirri pointing NNE. and SSW., cirrous haze.
. Patches of mottled cirri + cirri as before, but so thick to S. that the sun’s rays project but a faint shadow, a line of small cumulo-stratus to N.
. Thick cirrous clouds to SE., fine curl, woolly, and linear cirri, the latter pointing N. and S. ?
Flame, woolly and reticulated cirri, the latter pointing N. by E. and S. by W., cirrous clouds and cumuli
. Woolly cirri; cirro-strati and cumuli on NE. horizon. [on horizon.
. A few linear cirri to E. pointing N. and S.
- Quite clear.

. Snowing. The wind has been very high during the night, but the vane of the Anemometer has been frozen up; the present force might be esti-
. Sleet. {mated at about 5 lbs.
. Scud + thick cirrous clouds, very hazy to E.; sky in patches to SW.

. Homogeneous, except a few cumuli to 8.

. Beginning to snow.

. Seud.

Td.

Id.; occasional patches of sky.

Scud + cirrous clouds to E.
Woolly and contorted cirri; snowing to N. and E.? surface of the ground freezing.
Woolly cirri +~ fine linear cirri pointing WNW., cumulo-cirrous clouds.
Id. - id. id.
dis: loose cumuli on NE. horizon, cirrous scud to §.; sky red to N. and NE.
3 itd? ; linear cirri to W. lying N. and &., haze to S§.
Thin woolly cirri.
. Thin cirrous clouds on horizon ; beautifully clear evening.

Dark woolly-like clouds.

. Raining since 18" 30™ scud ; sky to NE. and SE.

. Scud + cirrous clouds and loose cumuli to S. and on NE. horizon.

. Thin scud + woolly-edged cumuli.

. Loose cumuli on N. horizon, woolly cirri and woolly-edged cumuli to S.
Patches of seud + loose cumuli to N., cumulo-strati to S.

Seud, clearing off rapidly.

Woolly cirri, a range of cumulo-strati to SE.

. A small patch of woolly cirrus to SE.

Clouds homogeneous.

Scud, moving rapidly ; light rain.
Id.

[of rain.
Loose strings of scud, very low and moving rapidly : thick send, slowly + cirrous clouds ; occasional drops
Thin scud : thick scud + cirrous clouds; large banks of white clouds to SE.; clouds blue to E.

Scud + cumulo-strati to §.

Scud and cirrous clouds,

Scud. Wind in gusts.

Seud.

Cirri chiefly linear. A coloured lunar corona, the innermost colour is a bluish-white of about 2 diameters in breadth, next yellow of 2 diameter,
next a brownish or reddish colour of # diameter, next light-blue 14 diameter; the corona becomes elliptical, the major axis lying in the
direction of the linear cirri which are probably a principal cause of it; red is afterwards seen to the outside of the blue and the inner
red becomes yellowish or orange: the appearance of the clouds is very strange, the mass of clouds from the zenith to the SE. is a kind of
cirro-cumuli, all which, in a radius of 30° from the SE. is intensely red; the clouds over the whole sky are more or less tinged with red.

Seud: cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri+linear cirri to E. pointing N. by W., masses of loose cumuli on E. horizon, cumulo-strati to N.

Cirrous scud, mottled, linear, speckled, and contorted cirri, large woolly cirro-cumuli, the clouds have a

strange appearance, the scud seems spreading out into a sort of cirro-cumuli and mottled cirro-strati.

. Scud + woolly, mottled, and striated cirri lying E. to W., loose cumuli on E. horizon, cumuli-strati to N.

MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1848. : 4

89

Observer’s
Tnitial.

4dd4dduq 44dgqgau 4egaaaaq |

444s4aue

wo WwWssnnnese Ss

44 au

90 Daity METEOROLOGICAL
Gotti THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER,
eens Baro- RAIN P
of ; Melati Dr Wet Diff Max. GAUGE. Reeante: Direction of
Observation. D ye b * land Min. aul ee Wind.
d. h. m. in. ° ° io ~ in. lbs. Tbs.
Jan. 18 4 0 |] 30-002 || 47-1 | 45-5 | 1-6 2:0 | 0-8 Sw.
6 0 044 | 46-9 | 45-3 | 1-6 1-8 | 1-0 Sw.
Sao 089 || 46-3 | 45-4 | 0-9 1-2 | 0-5 SW.
10 0 122 || 46-2 | 45-4 | 0-8 0-5 | 0-0
18 0 || 30-139 || 46-2 | 45-2 | 1-0 1-8 | 1-0 wesw.
20 0 174 || 45-6 | 44-2 | 14 | ye 1:8 | 0-5 Wsw.
22 0 189 | 45-8 | 44-8 | 1-0 | 414 0-5 | 0-5 | SW by W.
Jan. 19 0 O 196 || 46-8 | 45-7 | 1-1 0.006 | 25 | 0-8 | SW by Ww.
2 0 176 || 47-0 | 45-5 | 1-5 1:0 | 0.0
4 0 172 || 46-5 | 45-2 | 1-3 1-0 | 0-0
6 0 181 || 45-3 | 44-4 | 0-9 0-5 | 0-2 sw.
ce 184 || 44-7 ‘| 43-7 | 1.0 0-5 | 0-0
10 0 176 || 43-5 | 42-5 | 1-0 1:0 | 1.0 | SWbyS.
18 0 || 30-089 || 43-0 | 42.1 | 0-9 1-2 | 0-0
20 0 | 30.064 | 40-7 | 39-9 | 08 | yg 0-0 | 0.0
22 0 || 30-061 | 41-8 | 40-9 | 09 | goo 0-2 | 0-0
Jan. 20 0 O|| 30-022 || 44.3 | 42-6 | 1-7 0.000 || 92 | 9-0
2 0|| 29-995 || 43-2 | 41-6 | 1-6 0-2 | 0.2 | SWbyS.
4 0 || 29-969 || 41-8 | 39-7 | 2-1 0-5 | 0-0
6 0 || 29-951 || 40-0 | 38-0 | 2.0 0-2 | 0-0
8 0 || 29-930 || 34-7 | 33-8 | 0-9 0-2 | 0-0
10 0 || 29-909 || 33-0 | 32-3 | 0-7 0-0 | 0.0
18 0 || 29-791 || 29-5 | 28.3 | 1.2 0-0 | 0-0
20 0 763 || 28-0 rec te | gag 0-0 | 0-0
22 0 748 || 27-7 oes 26-8 0-0 | 0.0
Jan.21 0 8 709 || 30-2 | 29-7 | 0-5 0.000 | 2:9 | 0-0
2 0 682 || 33-7 | 31-8 | 1-9 0-0 | 0-0
4 0 662 || 35-8 | 33-0 | 2-8 0-8 | 0.2 | SW by W.
6 0 678 || 34:8 | 33-0 | 1-8 0-2 | 0-0
8 0 676 || 35-2 | 33-0 | 2-2 0-2 | 0-0
10 0 674 || 36-2 | 34-3 | 1-9 0-0 | 0-0
43-5
Jems BP OQ) a alae 0-5
18 0 || 29.654 || 37-1 | 36-8 | 0-3 1-5 | 0-0
20 0 635 | 38-0 | 36-9 | 11 | 4.4 12052 S by EB.
99) 0 628 | 38-9 | 37-5 | 14 | 369 1-2 | 0-5 S by B.
Jan. 23 0 0 593 || 42-2 |-40-3 | 1-9 0.000 | 1:2 | 0-8 S by BE.
2 0 534 || 43-7 ( 41-5 | 2.2 PP Poa
Aoms0 489 || 44-1 | 41.6 | 2-5 1-2 | 1-0 8 by E.
8 0 409 || 43-7 | 42-0 | 1-7 3-0 | 0-5 8 by B.
10 0 362 || 44.0 | 42-8 | 1-2 2:8 | 1-5 | SbyEv.
18 0 || 29-306 || 46-8 | 44-9 | 1-9 3-5 | 1-2 SSW.
20 0 325 | 46-9 | 45-3 | 1-6 | 446 2.0 | 1-5 | SWbyS.
22 0 348 | 45-2 | 43-8 | 14 | 459 1-2 | 0-8 |SW by 8. v.
Jan. 24 0 0 369 || 46-9 | 45-3 | 1-6 is 0-181 | 29 | 25 | SW bys.
2 0 364 || 47-8 | 45-9 | 1-9 : 2-5 | 0-8 | SW byS.
2 4 0 371 || 47-6 | 45-2 | 2.4 15 | 0-8 | SWby 8.
6 0 379 || 46-4 | 44.0 | 2.4 1:0 | 0-8 | SWbyS.
8 0 400 || 44-7 | 42.6 | 21 15 | 1-2 | SWbyS.
10 0 424 || 44.3 | 42-1 | 2.2 1:0 | 0-8 | SWbyS.
18 0 || 29-446 || 44.0 | 42-0 | 2.0 2-5 | 2-2 | SWbyS.
Jan. 244 Oh,

volving frame.

. (See Introduction.)

Clouds moving from

W by 8.

Wsw.

WSW ?

Wsw.
SW by W?
Sw.

S by W.
S by W.
SSW.

S by W?

Sw.
Sw?

Sw?: Nw?

S by W.
Sby W: S.

Sw.
Wsw ?
WSW ?

SW: SW.
SW by 8.
SW.

The dry and wet bulbs, the maximum and minimum, and the standard thermometers, were placed to-day on the new re=

of
Clouds.

(j

h.
4,
m6.
8
10.

18.
20.
22.
0.

Dhye e _
NOW COD

SH DPS

.

SERVOS eo

OBSERVATIONS, JANUARY 18—24. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

Masses of cirro-cumuli and mottled cirro-strati + varieties of cirri; sky of a deep blue, the clouds have a bluish or greyish tinge.
Clouds quite homogeneous.
Dark ; light rain.
Light rain.
Seud, moving rapidly.

Id. ; light rain.

Id., cumulo-strati on NE. horizon.

i nearly homogeneous.

d.

Td.
Id., light rain.

. Clouds homogeneous, dark.
, Cirrous haze, stars seen dimly; the moon rising red.

. Seud, like a thin stratum of a semifluid pouring over the moon’s face.
. Scud + the sky nearly covered with cirrous clouds and haze.

Id. + fine woolly and silky cirri.

Id. + woolly cirri, loose cumuli on horizon from N. to E.

Td.

Id. + cirrous clouds to 8.

Id. + id. ; the scud covers all the sky except three-tenths to E.

. Stars seen indistinctly.
Id.

. Light cirri ; lunar halo at 17" 50™.

Id. ; haze to E. and N., tinged with red to E. [S.and Es hoar frost.
Linear and mottled cirri lying in strata from E. to W., becoming thick haze on all sides except to W. 5 fog, objects invisible at # of a mile to

. Hazy as before to E., fog clearing off.

Hazy round horizon.
Scud.

Id.

Td.

Id.

. Quite clear.

. Linear cirri lying NW. to SE., loose cumuli on Cheviot.

. Patches of scud on hor.: woolly cirri lying in strata from NW. to SE,
. Nearly as at 224, clouds thicker.

. Cirrous-edged cumuli.

. Scud: mottled and woolly cirri moving very slowly.

. Raining heavily.
Id.

. Scud; rain; a flash of lightning seen ; clouds moving off.

Id.; smart showers.

Id. + woolly cirri to E., loose cumuli to SW.

Id. +— woolly and mottled cirri.

Id., moving quickly : cirrous clouds, slowly + fine cirro-cumuli to E.
Id.

Id.; smart shower commenced.

8. Scud to N.

Scud.

18. Scud ; cirrous clouds above ?

Observer’s
Initial.

bis senonnss sen ssesseun wernt suy saun

4 San sssun seesdunwes

Jo)

2 Datty METEOROLOGICAL
ay a THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER,
Gottingen
Mean Time Bano- RAIN 4
of panes = ; Max. || GAUGE. Pressure. Direction of Clouds moving from
Observation, orrected.|| Dry. | Wet. | Diff. | vain. Wind.
Max. | Pres.
CR Ley ey in. q a! 2 i in. Tbs. Ibs.
Jan. 24 20 0 || 29.477 || 44.1 | 49.5 | 1-6 47-2 2-5 | 1-0 SW. Wsw.
22 0 530 || 45-0 | 43-0 | 2-0 43.3 legs | le SW. W by S.
Jan. 25 0 0 567 || 46-9 | 43-4 | 3-5 0-006 || 1:8 | 2:0 Sw. W by §.
2010 569 | 47-5 | 43-5 | 4.0 3-2 | 1-8 | SW by W.v. Ww.
4 0 580 | 46-1 | 44.0 | 21 2-0 | 0-8 | SW by W? Ww.
a fa'|’ gern rame liege lee Telos (owe wie” | ae
6- : 1: : . SW by W.
10 0 587 || 47-2 | 45-8 | 1.4 2:0 | 1-5 | SWbySs.
18 0 || 29-527 || 46-9 | 45-3 | 1-6 2-5 | 0-5 | WSW.v. WNW.
20 0 579 || 46-0 | 43-9 | 2.1 0-8 | 0-2 sw? WNW.
22 0 655 || 46.3 | 44.3 | 9.0 ae 08 | 0-5 Ww? WNW: WNW.
Jan. 26 0 0 668 | 46-9 | 42-9 | 4.0 ; 0.060 || 19 | 9-8 | Wyss.
2 i oo 46-8 | 41-9 | 4.9 0-8 | 0-5 | SW by ie We N.
45-3 | 41-8 | 3-5 1-2 | 1-5 | SW by W. Nw.
6 0 680 || 44.5 | 41-4 | 3.1 1-0 | 1-0 |SW by W.v. Wwiw.
8 0 644 || 43-2 | 41-3 | 1.9 1:8 | 0-8 | SW by W.
10 0 589 || 45.0 | 42-9 | 2.1 2.2 | 18 SW
18 0 || 29-425 || 50-0 | 48-7 | 1.3 6-0 | 2-2 SSW.
20 0 418 || 50-0 | 48-2 | 1.8 2:0 | 1-2 | SWbyS. Wsw.
22 0 382 || 49.5 | 47-7 | 1-8 oles 3-8 | 2-8 Sw. SW by W: W.
Jan. 27 0 0 363 | 49-9 | 48-1 | 1-8 ; 4-8 | 4.0 Sw. Wsw.
2 0 319 | 49.2 | 48.0 | 12 ONG eta tes sw. Wsw.
4 0 330 | 51-8 | 50-3 | 1-5 4-0 | 0-8 Sw. W by 8.
6 0 333 || 55-2 | 51-8 | 3.4 2-2 | 1-8 Sw. WSsw.
S20 293 || 54.9 | 51-6 | 3.3 3-5 | 25 Sw.
10 0 292 || 53-9 | 50-9 | 3.0 2-5 | 2.8 SW.
18 0 || 29-154 | 48-8 | 43-0 | 5.8 9.0 | 7-0 | WNW.v. Ww.
20 0 167 || 47-3 | 42.7 | 4.6 5-0 | 3-5 | Varying. W. by N.
22 0 202 || 48-1 | 43.0 | 5-1 oes 5.0 | 30 | WSW.v. Ww.
Jan. 28 0 0 227 || 47-8 | 43-7 | 41 ” | o.014 || 30 | 3:5 [SW by W. v. W by 8.
2 0 185 || 47-5 | 45-4 | 21 5-0 | 3-8 | SW by W.v. W by 8.
4 0 193 || 46-5 | 42.8 | 3.7 6-2 | 6-0 | WNwW.v. WNW.
6 0 293 || 44-9 | 40-9 | 4.0 8-0 | 28 WNw. Www.
8 0 381 || 43.2 | 38-0 | 5.2 5.0 | 3-2 |NW by W.v.
10 0 439 | 42-9 | 38-0 | 4.9 6:0 | 5-2 | NW by W.
48-3
Jan. 29 0 O 5 ee Ri re 4-8
18 0 || 29-121 || 47-6 | 43-1 | 4.5 5-0 | 3-0 | SW by w. Ww.
20 0 104 | 46-3 | 42-0 | 4.3 4:8 | 3-5 | SW by W.v. Ww.
22 0 109 | 44-8 | 40.2 | 4.6 yan 7-2 | 8-2 | Wby Nv. W. by N.
Jan. 30 0 0 110 || 47-8 | 41-6 | 6.2 ~ Ho.az0 || 9:5 | 8:2 W.v. W. by N.
0 176 || 46-0 | 41-2 | 4.8 9-5 | 6-5 W.v WNW.
4 0 240 || 44.3 | 39.8 | 4.5 6-2 | 7-0 W.v W. by N.
6 0 265 || 43-8 | 39-9 | 3.9 6-8 | 8-0 NW. Ww.
80 317 || 43-8 | 39-4 | 4.4 9:8 | 6-0 Nw.
10 0 465 || 43.7 | 39:1 | 46 5-5 | 1:8 | WohyS.
18 0 || 29-499 || 42.0 | 40.4 | 1-6 25 | 1-2 Sw.
20 0 469 || 44.0 | 41-1 | 2.9 44.6 15 | 0-8 | SW by W. W by 8?
22 0 433 || 45-2 | 43.0 | 2.9 41.3 2:5 | 0-8 | SW by W. SW by W.

OBSERVATIONS, JANUARY 24—30. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLoUDs, &.

Id.
Cirrous scud +- mottled cirri; occasional drops of rain.

Scud + beautifully mottled and striated cirri; cirro-cumuli becoming very thick to S.; the cirro-cumuli which cover the greater part of the sky
lie in strata like fine snow-balls, in one place very distinct and separated from smaller ones by a sort of hazy edge, they get larger and more
hazy to S.; the striated cirri are also of an uncommon kind, being like thick cirrous clouds lying in fine lines on the top of each other.

Patches of seud + clouds of a thick, fibrous, woven, wavy texture, like a sort of cloth or matting; the line of hollows is from SSE. to WNW.,
giving a stratified appearance ; the fibres lie from WSW. or SW. by W., a few lines crossing from NNW. Pure and linear cirri in thick
masses to NE., cirro-cumuli, also in strata; a few strips of sky to NE.; in a few minutes the cirri to N. point from WNW., there is a large
bank of white cloud to W., below which the scud appears to come.

Flocculent and striated thick muddled cirri and cirro-stratus, moving slowly.

Scud + cirrous clouds.

Dark.

Masses of scud.
Id., chiefly to E. + a few linear cirri to S.

Patches of scud : woolly cirri + linear cirri to NE. pointing NNW. ; loose cumuli and masses of scud to S.
Thip woolly cirri covering nearly all the sky, linear cirri to 8. lying E. and W. [the sky.
Woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli +— linear cirri to E. pointing NNW.; a sort of cirrous haze covers most of
Patches of scud + thick cirrous haze or cirro-stratus at 34 a bright spot was seen where the sun was, now it is quite thick and the sun invi-
As before. (bee

Id.

Id.

Dark, scud.
Scud + woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli. [of sky.
Scud, moving very rapidly and very low: cirrous clouds, moving slowly, very thick to E. + loose-edged cirro-cumuli to NW. ; occasional patches
Thick seud.

Id. ; light Scotch mist.

Scud +~ cirrous clouds seen above.
Id. + cumulous seud and cirrous haze to W.; very black to SE.
Id.; _cirrous haze ?
Id.; stars very dim.

Patches of scud.
Id. ; hazy to S.; wind varying from NW. to SW.

Scud +~ cirrous clouds.
my Id. +— id. ; a few drops of rain.
2. Id. + woolly cirri.
4. Scud and cumuli + cirrous clouds to NW.; portions of rainbows seen since last observation.
5. Scud.
}. Clear ; something like an auroral light to N., but no corruscations; a hazy cloud ?

Id.

8. Thin clouds shooting up from about WNW.
). Thick masses of cirrous-edged scud ; hazy to E.; stormy like.
. Patches of scud + haze and loose cumuli on horizon from S§. to E.; faint linear cirri to W., pointing N.
). Scud ; occasional showers and rainbows. [by W.; occasional showers.
Loose cumuli; passing showers.
Id. id., rainbows.
. Small patches of scud ; cirro-strati on SW. horizon.
. Clear; haze to S.
. Clear.

.

9 . Scud + cirri and cirro-strati; clouds red to E.
22. Patches of scud + a thick mass of cirrous clouds moving very slowly ; clouds blue-black to SE.

MAG, AND MET. oBs. 1843. Qa

93

Observer’s
Tnitial.

we

les]

Saeneesduw bo sesudnaes Sern sss wwssw

was daar nequy

94 DaILty METEOROLOGICAL

eek THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER,
Gottingen

Mean Time Bazo- Pp;
of METER Max. ressure. | Direction of || Clouds moving from

Observation. _ || Corrected. : . ~ landMin. Pa ry ee

a.
Jan. 31 SW by W.

sw.
W?: WSW.
WSsw.
SW by 8.
sw.

SW by W.
W by S.

W by S: W.
W by.
w.

NW by W.
N by W.
N.

N by W.
NNW. v.
NW by N.
N by W.
N by W.
N by W.
N by W.
N by W.
NNW.
NNW.
NW by N?

m.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

So

eceococoecoo
SION Sure Fe
worsonnawn
CORPRPREHOOH
NONONNUNDS

OBSERVATIONS, JANUARY 31—FEBRuARY 6. 1843.

SPECIES or CLOUDS, &c.

Seud creeping along horizon, cirro-cumuli, cirrous haze, bluish-black cirro-stratus to E.; rain apparently falling to S. and W., very stormy like,

Scud + very fine mottled cirri; sky to E.
Id.; some of the clouds have a blue tint.
Id. very thick.

Id.

. Long strips of clouds pointing from SW. to NE. extending through 120°; a flash of lightning.

. Clear. [192.
. A great mass of cumuli or nimbi on horizon to S. and SE. ; a few drops of rain; a flash of lightning about
. Patches of scud to N.: mottled cirri, striated at the edges, the strie pointing NNW + cirrous haze and cumuli on S., horizon,

. Patches of scud + loose cumuli on S. horizon; a number of sea gulls seen flying from eastward.

. Scud + woolly cirri.

Id.; sky on E. horizon.

. Heavy rain.
. Scud ; like haze in some places.
. Loose scud, light rain.

. Scud.

Id. +— woolly and linear cirri, cirro-cumuli.

. Cirrous scud + a large mass of cirro-stratus on E. and S. horizon ; a slight fall of snow.
. A smart shower of snow.

scud.

. Seud : woolly cirri + cumuli and nimbi falling in snow to S. and E.

Id. + cumuli round horizon.

Id.

. Snowing; lightning seen before and after this.

. Clouds to NW. and SE.
. Scud.
. Cirrous scud + woolly cirri, large masses of cumulo-strati on NE. horizon.

| (0. Woolly cirri + cumulo-strati on NE. horizon.
i” 2. Id. — id., loose cumuli to 8.

4, Woolly cirro-strati, falling in snow on all sides but the 8.; quite overcast, with snow in a few minutes.
| 6. Cumuli to NW. ;
| 8. Clear.

i 0. Overcast.
| 18. Homogeneous, a slight fall of snow.

20. Scud ; a few drops of rain.

22. Loose vapoury clouds falling in powdery hail; beautiful cumuli to SE.
| 0. Cirrous scud + loose eumuli to 8.

2. As before.

4. Cirrous scud.
6. Id.

8 Id.
1; 6: Id.

20
9,
a

eo.

8. A bank of clouds to E.
. Woolly cirri and cirrous scud to E.

Large woolly cirro-cumuli + linear cirri to SW.
Id.

Id.
Cirrous scud + a homogeneous mass to S.; a slight shower of snow.
Id. + cirrous clouds.
Seud ; light rain ; coloured lunar corona.
Loose cumuli.

ve)
On

Observer’s
Initial.

wists nnnwsasd deen ssdnn ww sesnnnes ddunnsgsduw wos

don stsnnnss

96 Darity METEOROLOGICAL

we THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER.
Gottingen ne
Mean Time x

of METER £ Max. Pressure. | Direction of
Corrected. . » | Diff. lana Min,

Observation. Max. | Pres. ies

a. bh.
Feb. 6 19
20
22

NE by N.
NE by N.
NNE.
NE by N.
N by E.
NNE.
NE by N.
NNE.
NNE.

Feb.

NE by N.

SCOP HHH NNER
ponAow OnNNonan

m.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0

o

28-8
30-9
32-1
36-0 : ‘ : . Www. Ww.

36:8 D : . : WNW. Ww.

coooco

Feb. 64 22, Probably no minimum temperature during the night. The reading given is taken from the observations of yesterday aftern

Feb. 8¢ 65—10%. No difference between the dry and wet bulbs owing to the mist which has been falling.

Feb. 124 0%, The maximum temperature is taken from the readings of the dry thermometer yesterday.

Feb. 124184, Although the temperature is considerably below freezing, the snow water in the cistern of the wet bulb has not been frozen
this morning.

b OBSERVATIONS, FEBRUARY 6—13. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

th.
‘19.
20. Two currents of scud.
ly 2. Scud + cirrous scud to §.; very thick to E.
0. Cirrous scud.

2. Scud.
4, Light rain, Scotch mist.
8. Id., scud.

10. Scud.

+18. Homogeneous.

|

|

\

|

F

| Ia. id.

|

[% 20. Scud ; light rain.
Id.

|

t

|

22, id.
0. Id. id.
me. Id. id.
4. Id. id.
6. Id. id.
8. Id. id.

| 10. Clouds breaking a little, mist gone.

4 . Very thick and dark.
. Patches of scud, haze.

22. Scud; raining.

0. ae +— woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli.. .

2. Id ; ‘

4. Id., moving from different directions between N. and E.
6. Heavy black seud.

8. Thin scud, snowing a little.

. Scud.

8. Loose’scud, about 1} inch of snow has fallen during the night.
0. Id. ; some snow falling.
2. Cirrous scud and woolly cirri + a few cumuli to S.; snowing to N.
0. Cirrous scud and woolly cumuli + cumuli to NW.
2. Loose cumuli and scud.
. Cirrous-scud.
Bs. A shower of fine hail.
. Cirrous seud. aie a: ’
10, Id.

20. Scud.
. Cirrous scud.

Id.
—Id., light rain.

3, Large cirro-cumuli 4— linear cirri and haze to E.
Scud.
. Cirrous scud moving sldwly.
oe motion scarcely perceptible.
d

4. Loose scud.

_ MAG, AND MET. ogs, 1843. 2B

Sas eedduw wwdsuwnwds dgeuddaue ae eee gen nddduw |

97

Observer’s
Initial.

wedauw

98 DaIty METEOROLOGICAL

if THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER.
Gottingen yee Quan-
Mean Time METER BACs Pressure. . . Clouds moving fi uy
of m Max. ||GAUGE. Direction of ig from of
Observation. Corrected.|| Dry. | Wet. | Diff. |,naMin. Een lee Wind. Clouds. |
ax. | Pres.
ch, a, are in, 2. ei q © in. Tbs. Tbs. J 1-10. 4
Feb. 13 6 0 | 29-677 || 34:0 | 32-0 | 2-0 0-5 | 0-2 1.0 |
8 0 662 || 32-3 | 31-2 | 1-1 0-2 | 0-0 0-2
10 0 636 || 34-2 | 32-4 | 1-8 0-2 | 0-0 2-0 |
18 20 || 29-601 || 28-7 | 27-5 | 1-2 1-2 | 0-8 N by E. N? 9-8 |
20 0 599 || 27-0 | 25-4 | 1-6 | 564 2.0 | 0-5 N. NNW. 3-5 |
22 0 587 || 27-2 | 24.5 | 2-7 | 5. 6 0-2 | 0-2 | Nby Ww. NNW. 5-0 |
Feb. 14 0 0 572 || 26-9 | 24-2 | 2-7 0.000 | 22 | 15 | Noy w. N by W: WNW. 2:5 |
2 0 542 || 27-0 | 24-8 | 2-2 3:0 | 1-8 | NNW.v 4.0
4 0 515 | 25-0 | 23-6 | 1-4 2-5 | 1:8 | Nby W 2-0 |
6 0 503 || 24-0 | 21-9 | 2-1 1-5 | 0-5 NNW. 1.0
8 0 493 || 24-1 | 22-9 | 1-2 0-8 | 0:5 NNW 0:
10 0 477 || 23-1 | 22.0 | 1-1 0-8 | 0-2 NNW. 0-
18 0 || 29-357 || 19-6 | 19-0 | 0-6 0-5 | 0-0 0-2
20 0 334 | 19-3 | 18-0 | 13 | 965 0-0 | 0:0 0.
22 0 320 || 22-7 | 20-6 | 2-1 0-0 | 0-0 0-2
Feb. 15 0 0 268 || 26-3 | 23-3 | 3-0 | 1&9 0.000 | 92 | 2-9 0
DeaG 219 || 28-6 | 25-4 | 3-2 Z 0-0 | 0-0 N by W. 2
4 0 163 || 28-9 | 26-0 | 2-9 0-0 | 0-0 7:
6 0 121 || 28-1 | 26-0 | 2-1 0-0 | 0-0 W by N. 10-(
8 0 099 || 27-3 | 26-3 | 1-0 0-0 | 0-0 9-8
10 0 096 || 26-6 | 25-3 | 1-3 0-0 | 0-0 10-0
18 0] 29-047 || 22-0 | 21-5 | 0-5 0-0 | 0-0 95
20 0 058 || 22-4 oes "| 98.9 0-0 | 0-0 N by W 5-0
22 0 082 || 22-0 | 20-2 | 1-8 0-0 | 0-0 0.3
Feb. 16 0 0 o91 | 31.2 | 28-7 | 25 | 19% | | 00 | 00 N by E. Gel
2 0 086 || 31-8 | 28-8 | 3-0 ‘ 0-2 | 0-2 | Nby W. N by B. 3.0
4 0 100 | 31-8 | 29-9 | 1-9 0-2 | 0.0 N. 3-5
6 0 130 || 28-9 | 27-0 | 1-9 0-2 | 0-0 2.0
8 0 165 || 23-3 | 22-0 | 1-3 0-0 | 0-0 0
10 0 194 || 24.4 | 23-4 | 1.0 0:0 | 0-0 75
18 0 || 29-316 || 25-8 | 24.2 | 1-6 0-5 | 0-5 | Nby W. N by E. 7-0
20 0 360 | 27-0 | 25-8 | 12 | 4.4 1:0 | 0-8 | Nby W. 10-0
22 0 407 || 28-0 | 26-9 } 1-1 0-2 | 0.0 NNE :
Feb. 17 0 0 440 || 31-2 | 30-2 | 1.0 | 19%? 0.054 | 22 | 0-0 10
2 0 453 || 33-8 | 32-2 | 1-6 : 0-0 | 0-0 NNE :
4 0 468 || 32-2 | 31-2 | 1-0 0-2 | 0-0 NNE
6 O 499 || 23-9 655 eel 0-2 0-0 NNE
8 0 520 || 20-3 | 20-0 | 0:3 0-0 | 0-0 0:
10 0 531 | 18:8 | 18-0 | 0-8 0-0 | 0-0 0:0
18 0] 29-552] 82 | 7-0 | 1-2 0-0 | 0-0 0
20 0 568 | 7:3 | 7:3 | 0-0 | 5.6 0-0 | 0-0 3-0 |
22 0 573 || 13-8 | 11-8 | 2-0 6.9 0-0 | 0-0 NE. i i
Feb. 18 0 0 580 || 24-6 | 24:0 | 0-6 } 0-001 | %2 | 2-0 NE. 8:5
2 0 566 || 32-4 | 30-0 | 2-4 : 0-0 | 0-0
4 0 534 | 31-7 | 30-2 | 1-5 0-0 | 0-0 NE 9:0
6 0 534 | 244 | ... oe 0-5 | 0-0 3
8 0 537 || 24-0 | 21-3 | 2-7 0-0 | 0-0 0:5
10 0 534 || 24-4 | 23-7 | 0-7 0-0 | 0-0 0
Feb. 19 0 0 ts 05 BY
18 0 |) 29-321 || 35-7 | 32.0 | 3-7 15 | 1-0 | NEbyE. 10
20 0 318 | 36-1 | 328 | 33 | a, 1-2 | 1-0 | NEbyE. 0
22 0 320 | 36-7 | 33:3 | 3-4 | 355 2-5 | 1-8 ENE. 10-

OBSERVATIONS, FEBRUARY 13—19. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

. Elocculent cirri to W., red ; haze to E., reddish.
. A few patches of cirrous clouds to E.
. Linear cirri pointing from WNW. to ENE. A lunar corona about 14° radius.

. Scud.

. Cirrous scud.

. Loose cumuli; a few flakes of snow a little ago.

. Loose-edged cumuli: fine woolly and linear cirri.

with cumulo-strati; cirro-strati to SW.; snow falling from some of the cumuli to E.

. Scud and loose cumuli on horizon.

Id., from NW. to NE., cirro-strati to SE.

. Loose cumuli on FE. horizon.
. A patch of cirro-stratus to SE.

. Cirro-stratus on SE. horizon.
. Cirro-strati and cumulo-strati on E. and SE. horizon.
. Ranges of cumuli on horizon from N. to E.

. Thin woolly cirri to N W.., like haze near the horizon + cumulo-strati on NE. horizon.
. Woolly and tangled cirri, apparently dropping to E. and S. ; cumuli on horizon.
. Cirrous scud, a few flakes of snow.

Id., cumulo-strati on horizon to E.
Id.

. Scud. [them tinged with red.
. Cirrous scud + large and beautiful masses of cumuli and cumulo-strati on horizon from N, to E., some of
. Range of cumuli on E. horizon.

. Cirrous scud +— cumuli on E, and N. horizon; snowing to E.

. Loose-edged cumuli and cumulo-strati.

. Masses of cirrous scud +— cirrous-edged loose cumuli to E., cumuli to S.

. Large masses of cumuli and cumulo-strati to §., and on horizon from N. to E.

10.
18.

20.
22.

nD hD

ROPNVSONSS Smgaawe

8
10.

18.
20.
22. A sort of hail-snow falling.

. A few patches of clouds on N. horizon.

Loose cumuli.

Cirrous seud +- cumuli to NE.; a few flakes of snow during the night.
Scud, light fall of snow.
Id. +— loose cumuli to NE. ; light shower of snow 10™ ago.
Id.; a shower of snow.
Cirrous scud +— cumuli on horizon from N to E.; snowing since last observation till within 15™.
Cirrous scud +~ beautiful ranges of cumuli on N. and E. horizon.
Scud + beautiful cumulo-strati to SE., some with cirrous crowns ; splendid pyramidal cumuli on N. hori-
Patches of scud; a few flakes of snow. [zon ; sky hazy, red to E. and NE.
Clear.

Some patches of seud. [masses of scud.
Cumuli and cumulo-strati on horizon from NW. to E. and to S., linear cirri to S. pointing towards ENE.,
A few patches of seud + cumuli on N. horizon.

Large masses of cirrous-edged cumuli + piles of cumulito N.

As before ; snowing to N. ?

Scud + woolly cirri to S., cumuli on S. horizon; beginning to snow.

Masses of scud, woolly cirri, loose cumuli round the horizon.

Patches of clouds to N.

Snowing lately.

Homogeneous.
Id., a few flakes of snow.

99

Observer’s
Initial.

wessnnnes Senn sssuw wwsednnndgs ddnngsduw wndsnnwss Jou

was

100 Dairy METEOROLOGICAL

ree THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER.
Gottingen
Mean Time Bano- Ran A
of METER ve | Max. |lGaver.|| Pressure. | Direction of || Clouds moving from
Obsacvation® Corrected.|| Dry. | Wet. | Diff. |,naMin. Wind.
Max. | Pres.
Gi, Lineman n. = 2. ~ 2° in. Ibs. Tbs,
Feb. 20 0 0 || 29-335 || 36:8 | 33-8 3-0 0-062 2-5 | 2-0 ENE.
2 0 321 || 36-8 | 33-4 3-4 2-2 | 2:2 ENE.
4 0 319 || 36-0 | 33-0 3-0 2:5 | 1:8 ENE.
6) 0 327 || 35-8 | 32-6 3-2 3-8 | 1:8 ENE. v.
8 0 338 || 36-3 | 32-8 35 2-5 | 0-5 ENE?
10 0 342 || 34-3 | 33-2 1-1 2:2 | 15 EB by N.
18 0 || 29-288 || 34-9 | 34-7 0-2 2-5 | 1-2 ENE.
20 0 310 || 35-0 | 34-6 0-4 36.8 1:0 | 0-5 NE by E, ENE,
22 0 313 || 35-2 | 35-0 0-2 31.4 15 | 1:5 ENE. ENE.
Feb. 21 0 O 341 || 36-3 | 35-8 | 0-5 o-151 | 25 0-2 ENE?
2 0 328 || 36-0 | 35-7 | 0:3 0-5 | 0-2 | NE by H?
4 0 320 || 36-4 | 36-0 0-4 0-5 | 0-5 NE by N.
6 0 326 || 36-9 | 36-2 0-7 0-8 | 0-8 E by N. Eby 8.
8 0 348 || 37-2 | 36-6 0-6 0-8 | 0-2
10 0 351 || 37-2 | 36-4 0-8 0-2 | 0-2 NE?
18 0 || 29-316 || 36-0 | 35-8 0-2 0-5 | 0-2 NE by N.
20 0 316 || 36-4 | 35-4 1-0 37.3 0-5 | 0-2 NE by N.
22 0 313 || 36-8 | 36-2 0-6 34.0 0-5 | 0-2
Feb, 22 0 0 312 || 37-8 | 37-1 0-7 0-053 0-8 | 0-5 NE by N.
2 0 286 || 38-1 | 37-7 0-4 0-8 | 0-5 | NE by E?
4 0 282 || 37-9 | 37-4 0-5 0-8 | 0-5 | NEby E?
6 0 288 || 37-5 | 37-2 0-3 0-5 | 0-2 NE by BE.
8 0 303 || 37-4 | 37-1 0:3 0-8 | 0-5 NE.
10 0 319 || 37-2 | 36-9 0-3 0-5 | 0-5 NE by E.
18 0 | 29-339 || 36-1 | 35-5 0-6 1-0 | 1-0 NE by N.
20 0 367 || 36-0 | 35-4 0-6 38-1 1-0 | 0:5 NE by N ENE.
22 0 379 || 37-0 | 36:3 | [0-7 35.0 0-8 | 0:8 NE.
Feb. 23 0 0 391 || 37-9 | 37-1 0-8 "0-194 1:0 | 0-8 NE.
2 0 390 || 37-4 | 37-1 | 0-3 SSS |b ia ORE: NE.
4 0 391 || 37-1 | 36-7 0-4 1-2 | 0-8 NE
6 0 410 || 36-3 | 35-7 0-6 1-2 | 0:8 NE by N.
8 0 440 || 36-0 | 35-7 0:3 1-2 | 0:8 NE. ’
10 0 457 || 36-8 | 36-5 0:3 1-2 | 0:8 NE by N,
18 0 29-526 || 37-8 | 37:3 0:5 0-8 | 0-0
20 0 535 || 37-7 | 37-2 0:5 37.7 0-0 | 0-0 KE.
22 0 550 || 37-9 | 37-6 0:3 35.3 0-2 | 0-0
Feb, 24 0 0 562 || 39-6 | 38-5 1-1 0-144 0-2 | 0-2 ENE. E by 8.
BD 566 || 39-1 | 37-9 | 1-2 4 O05 | vs E by 8
4 0 564 || 39:3 | 38-0 1-3 0-2 | 0-0 E
6 0 572 || 37-8 | 36-3 1:5 0-2 | 0-0 BE
8 0 583 || 36-0 | 34-8 1-2 0-0 | 0-0
10 O 586 || 35-6 | 34-7 0-9 0-0 | 0-0
18 0 || 29-581 || 34-7 | 33-8 0-9 0-0 | 0-0
20 0 594 || 33-0 | 32-4 0-6 39.4 0-0 | 0-0 SSE: N
22 0 590 || 35-5 | 34-0 {ay i 34.2 0-0 | 0-0 Eby N.
Feb. 25 0 0 579 || 36-6 | 34-3 2:3 0-014 0-0 | 0-0 EB.
20 559 || 37-6 | 35-4 2:2 : 0-0 | 0-0
4 0 547 || 35-3 | 34-5 0-8 0-2 | 0-0 £
6 0 547 || 35-3 | 34-1 1-2 0-0 | 0-0 E
8 0 571 || 34-4 | 33-4 1-0 0-0 | 0-0
10 0 551 || 33-3 | 32-8 0-5 0-0 | 0-0
37-2
Feb. 26 0 0 32.7 0-3

OBSERVATIONS, FEBRUARY 20—26. 1843. 101

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &.

Ohserver’s
Initial.

. A few flakes of snow.

. Light shower of hail-snow.
. A few small hail-stones.

. A few flakes of snow.

Td.

. Light rain.
. Scud ; a few drops of rain.
Id. ; id.
Id. ; 5
Id. ; id., a Scotch mist.
. Scotch mist.
. Scud; clouds breaking to SE., cirrous clouds seen.

. Scotch mist.

. Light rain.
. Scud; light rain; cirrous clouds seen.
3 id.

tds: id.
; id.

id.

id.

id.

id.

8, Light rain.
0. Scud +~ cirrous clouds seen above.
22. Scotch mist.
0. Scud + cirrous clouds.
Id. ; a few drops of rain.
Id. ; light rain.
Id. ; id.
Id.
Id., a lightish appearance to N., Auroral light ?

Id.

0. Cirrous scud: woolly cirri, single patches in zenith resembling fleeces of wool; heavy cloud to E.
2. Cirrous scud.

), Id. + patches of loose scud.
2. Scud; thick to NE.

f. Cirrous scud ; hail lately.

. Loose scud +~ cirrous clouds.

8. Very dark.

Id.

voaaitigmms 424eeeeuun seqgggssun s4eguunds wo ggqunwds wwaduw

oy AG. AND MET. oBs, 1843.

102 Datty METEOROLOGICAL

aod THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER.
Gottingen BARO Quan-
Mean Time 3 eee Cloua: sok tity

of METER. = |Direction of ouds moving from of

Observation. Corrected. Max. | Pres. Wind. Clouds.

0-10.
10-0
10-0

9-8
8-0
9-9
8-0
6-0

1
or
4

COenR RK OF KF ORF NK KE NK
DONHSONH NHHUHNHNHSONW!

GA its
Feb. 26 18
20

22

Feb. 27 0
2

m.
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

OBSERVATIONS, FEBRUARY 26—MArcH 4. 1843. 103

(EE SE ee |

SPECIES OF CLoUDs, &c.

Observer’s
Tnitial.

h,
18. Scud ; a slight sprinkling of snow has fallen during the night.
20. Id: linear cirri; very fine snow beginning to fall.

|] 22. Nearly as before ; fine snow; sky to NE.

' 0. Scud + woolly cirri, cumulo-strati on NE. horizon.

2. Large masses of loose cumuli and scud.

4. Scud +- woolly cirri and large cirro-cumuli, cumuli on NE. horizon.

f

5 . . . - . .

} 6. Scud on horizon + large cirro-cumuli, loose cumuli and cumulo-strati on horizon.
q

10. Occasional slight showers of snow.

|
q
| 18. Seud ; a large mass of clouds to E.

|] 20. Loose scud + cirrous clouds.

| 22. Loose cumuli + fine cumuli to NE. and E.

| 0. Loose cumuli and scud ; Snow and hail lately.
yo. Id.

| 4. Masses of scud and cumuli + fine mottled cirri.
|

6. Loose scud + cirro-strati to N. ., loose cumuli on N, and NE. horizon.
8. Thin scud to NW.

10. A slight fall of snow since last observation.

. Scud to E.; 2 inch of snow has fallen during the night.
. Snowing.
. Cirrous scud.

“7 tobe
SSo

0. Loose cumuli to SE. and cirri to 8.
2. As before.
4. Scud to W.; cirri; cumuli and cumulo-strati on horizon from N. to E.
| 6. Thin scud + thick cirrous clouds to NE. ; cirri and cumuli to S.
| 8.
} 10. Scud.
18. Ia.
| 20. Cirro-cumulous scud + woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli,
m2. Id.
0. Id.
Ds Id.
4. Scud and loose cumuli, woolly cirri; cumuli to N. and W.
6. Cirro-cumulous scud + cirrous clouds,
. 8.
10.
18.
20. Cirro-cumulous scud.
22, Td.
| 0. Woolly cirri lying in lines radiating from N.; cumulo-strati on NE. horizon.
2. Loose cumuli + woolly cirri and cirrous haze.

. Scud + fine woolly cirri.
Id. + id.

. Haze on E. horizon,
. Thin cirrous haze to E.

WIONWOO ons
b So

5 and N. 23, Thermometer exposed to the sun 65°.
. Network and beautifully mottled cirri, moving very slowly; cirrous haze round horizon.

. A few patches of cirrous clouds near horizon to E. and Ss.

4. Very fine curled and mottled cirri, patches of loose cumuli to S. and E. ; haze on E. and N. horizon.
6. Linear cirri pointing towards NNE., woolly, striated, and reticulated cirri; haze to N.

8. Thin haze to W.; a small corona round the moon.

A bank of clouds on N. horizon.

SASS S06 ES We gdwowd” wudduuwdd we dduwndd weddowedd wwegdnauga

104

Gottingen
Mean Time
of

Observation.

Mar.

Mar. 6 0

Mar. 7 0

Mar. 8 0

Mar. 9 0

Mar. 10 0

Mar. 11 0

z

o

cooooo cocooceoceoec cocecoocec eocecoceoceo cococecsecec ooococoecoe

Baro-
METER,

Corrected.

Dry.

DaAILty METEOROLOGICAL

THERMOMETERS.

Wet. Diff.

w

oo

re
SOP SSOSTH PEP YRY HOS HE wRRYOHS WH waANwees =O
BENNO OAAER TVIHDAARDWOR AHRHAOwWWSh HRW AwWHA Dad

31-9 0:8

Max.
and Min.

41-2?
29-0

44.4
34-6

50-2
34:3

46:8
21-2

44-1
24-9

4
32-1

44-2

30-5

0-000

0-000

0-000

0:000

0-013

ANEMOMETER,
Pressure. | Dipection of || Clouds moving from
Max. | Pres. Weed
Ibs. Ibs.
1:3
2:5 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0 SSW.
0-2 | 0-2 SSW. SSW.
0-8 | 0-2 SSW ? SSW.
0-2 | 0-0 SSW.
0-2 | 0-0
0-2 | 0-0
0:0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0 S by E.
0-2 0-2 8. S by E.
1-2 | 1-0 8. S by E.
1-0 | 0-8 8.
0-5 | 0-2
0-2 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0:0 | 0-0
0:0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
“0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0.0
0-0 | 0-0
0:0 | 0-0
0-2 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0 NW?
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-5 | 0-2 Sw.
0-5 | 1-2 WSW? Sw.
0-5 | 0-0 W by 8,
0-2 | 0-0 WSwW.
0-2 | 0-0
0-2 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-2 | 0-0 SW by W.
0-0 | 0-0 W by S.
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0 Ww.
0-0 | 0-0 We
0-2 | 0-0 w.
0-2 | 0-2 Sw? W.

—scs SS so oe ee ee — FI

SS eS

i OBsERVATIONS, Marcy 5—11. 1843. 105

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

Observer’s
Initial.

18. Cirrous clouds and haze.

20. Seud and cirro-strati to E., sky to E.

22. Seud, cirro-strati to 8S. and E.

0. Scud + cirro-strati to S. and E.

2. Id. + fine woolly cirri; cumulo-strati on horizon from NE. to S.
| 4. Id. + cumuli to E.; patches of sky occasionally.

6. Id. + id.

8. Id.
10. Id.
18. Id.
20. Id.

22. Id. and mist.
0. Scud and loose cumuli.
_ 2. Cirrous seud, loose cumuli, and cirro-strati.
_ 4. Patches of cirrous clouds, hazy on horizon.
. 6. Td. id.
_ 8. A distinct auroral arch, altitude 10°, breadth 8°, its crown being in the magnetic meridian ; no pencils.
10, Clear.

18. Id.
22. Id., cirrous haze on horizon.
0. Id., id.
me. Id. id.
4. Id., id.
6. Id., id.
iB: eid.
10. Id.

18. Linear cirri or cirrous haze to E.
20. Loose cirro-cumuli in zenith + thick woolly cirri to E., very red at 19%; cymoid cirri at 19%.
22. Patches of cirro-cumuli; linear cirri to SW., pointing NW.; cirrous haze on horizon.
0. Cirro-cumuli and fine woolly and mottled cirri; haze on horizon. {haze near horizon.
2. Long lines of cirri lying in different directions, but chiefly towards WNW., as if indicating wind ; cirrous
_ 4. Scud moving quickly + thick cirrous clouds and haze over the sky.
6. Cirro-cumulous seud moving slowly +- woolly cirri, thick cirrous clouds ; cirrous haze on horizon.
8. Cirro-cumulous scud.
10. Patches of cirrous clouds; faint lunar halo.
8
0

; Light fall of snow.
. A few drops of sleet.
| 0. Light rain.

2. Raining.
4. Seud. : {cumulous scud to E., fringed with woolly cirri.
6. Patches of loose secud + patches of woolly and curled cirri, linear cirri to W. pointing N. and S,, cirro-stratiand cumuli to NE.; a long mass of
| 8. Patches of cirrous clouds.
10. Td.
&
20. Scud.
22. Cumulous scud + cirrous clouds seen above to S.
0. id.
| 2. Seud.

waqque qeqqaqagauy dggudgddguy geggggqgduw eegungddu gaaguadduy

Id. + cirrous haze above.

| MAG. AND MET, ogs. 1843. 2D

106 DAIty METEOROLOGICAL

meat: THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER,
Gottingen Baro
Mean Time z }

of METER aes Pressure. | Direction of || Clouds moving from

. Corrected. 5 Wet. iff, Mi |——_____—_ i
Observation. and Min. pean Wind.

d. . ie in. ff. . Ibs.
Mar. 11 29-821 : 3. : y 0-2 SW.
794 4 le . 5 0-5 SW.
. 0-2 SW.

FR gd Cee ee
© ONK AW © Ww

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

SW by W.

NE by N.

ee ee ST a

Lei neal onal peels ol nel
N ONTNIWOONrF FP OCODRAONOYNA

eo ocooococoo coeocoscocoeoce oooce

So

OBSERVATIONS, MArcH 11—17. 1843. 107
qT SPEcIES OF CLOUDS, &e. Pas
| 2a
\
a
} 6. Scud. Ww
} 8. Ia. ts Ww
} 10. Id. WwW
\
q
18. Masses of scud. w
| 20. Loose scud + woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli to E., cumuli and cumulo-strati on horizon. Ww
| 22. Masses of scud to W. and S.; woolly cirri to E.; patches of scud and cumuli on horizon. W
0. Scud +~ cirrous clouds to S. and SE.; loose cumuli on N. and S. horizon, a slight shower in 10 minutes,

_ 2. As before. [showers around.

4. Scud + loose cumuli on horizon to N. and NE.; passing showers.

_ 6. Id.; cirrous clouds; cumuli and cumulo-strati on horizon, light shower.
) 8. Scud, having a cirro-cumulous disposition. [very narrow.
10. 9 id. ; cirrous haze above; at 10" 10™ a beautiful lunar halo, the ring
| 18. Small patches of scud to N.
20. Id.

. Loose cumuli and seud.

nD

PRION SO

RRONOf
= Ss

j

i

7

2
oh

1
;
;
|

'

we)
wo

SEPA SCYS& SHHpRWS

a

‘Oo >

6.
0.

+

?

Id. + cumulo-strati to N.; rain to §. and SE.

. Masses of scud + loose cumuli on horizon, cirro-strati to E. Sea-gulls seen coming from the sea.

Scud + cumuli and cumulo-strati on horizon from NE. to S.; slight shower.
As before ; slight shower lately.
Scud + thin cirrous clouds.

Cumuli and cumulo-strati on NE. and E. horizon; ground covered with hoar-frost.

. Fine woolly and striated cirri + patches of loose cumuli to S. and E.

Masses of woolly cirri, curled at the edges, pointing from WNW. ; finer cirri above.
Nearly as before ; detached masses of scud and loose cumuli + some of the cirri are linear and flame-like,
the lines branching off from the main body, which lies NW. and SE., and point to WSW. or SW.
Seud, loose cumuli and cumulo-strati + cirrous haze to E. A thermometer in the sun, sheltered from the wind, shewed 85°.
Loose cumuli +- woolly cirro-cumuli.
Scud + large cirro-cumuli, linear cirri to S., pointing E, and W.; loose cumuli all round the horizon ; rain falling to N, from dark scud.
Scud.
Id.

. Scud, cirrous clouds above.
. Hazy cirrous clouds; cumuli and cirro-strati on horizon.

Scud ; haze above 2

. Patches of seud + thick mass of cirrous haze or cirro-stratus.
. As before ; a few drops of rain. :

Scud.
Id. ; a few drops of rain.
Scotch mist.

. Scud, clouds breaking.

Id. ; light rain.

Id.; id. occasionally.

Id.

Id.
Loose scud +~ cirrous clouds, linear cirri to §. pointing towards W by N., loose cumuli to N. and E.
Scud.

Id.

18. Masses of scud to N. and E., woolly cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri lying SW. and NE.; cirro-strati to SE.

SZ Wh SesennWSes Wee Serb W es Wee Was WHS srs Wass

108 Dairy METEOROLOGICAL

RO THERMOMETERS, ANEMOMETER.
Gottingen Baton S
as ume METER . atest |G een Pressure, Warecnonior Clouds moving from
Observation. Corrected.|| Dry. Wet. Diff. and Min, M Wind.
ax. | Pres.
a. hs m. in. Y : 2 in. Tbs. lbs.
Mar. 17 20 0 || 29-616 | 42-2 | 42:0 | 02 | 47. 0-2 | 0-0
22 10 648 | 49-1 | 47-2 | 1:9 | arg 0-2 | 0-2 | SW by W. W.
Mar. 18 0 0 669 || 54-6 | 50-9 | 3-7 0.000 || 92 | 9-0 Ww.
2 0 679 || 58-1 | 53-0 | 5-1 0-0 | 0-0 W by 8.
4 0 688 || 53-4 | 49-7 | 3-7 0-2 | 0-5 | NEbyE.
6 0 708 | 48-7 | 46-7 | 2-0 0-5 | 0-2 NE. ENE.
8 0 740 | 44-5 | 43-8 | 0-7 0-5 | 0-2 | NE by E.
10 0 756 || 43-7 | 43-0 | 0-7 0-2 | 0-2 | NEbyN.
Mar. 19 0 0 ae 0-3
18 0 || 29-660 || 41-0 | 39-0 | 2-0 1-2 | 0-2 E by N. E.
20 0 634 | 40:5 | 39-8 | 0-7 | 555 0-2 | 0-2 E. BE.
22 0 611 | 44-4 | 42-5 | 19 | 505 0-2 | 0-0 SSE.
Mar. 20 0 0 583 || 48-0 | 45-1 | 2.9 0.000 || 9-5 | 9-0 SSE.
2 0 554 || 46-4 | 44.0 | 2-4 0-2 | 0-0 SSE.
4 0 502 || 42-7 | 41-8 | 0-9 0-5 | 0-5 | NEby E. ||BNE:SEby E:SWby W.
6 0 471 || 40-9 | 39-9 | 1-0 0-5 | 0-2 BE. Eby S: SE by H: 0?
Sim0 441 || 39-7 | 38-8 | 0-9 0-2 | 0.0
10 0 412 | 39-9 | 39-1 | 0-8 0-5 | 0-0
18 0 || 29.212 || 41-8 | 41-4 | 0-4 0-5 | 0-0 SSB?
20 0 200 | 43-8 | 43.0 | 08 | 505 0:0 | 0-0 SSE.
22 0 197 || 49-8 | 49-1 | 0-7 | oo 0-5 | 0-2 | SEbyS. SSE.
Mar. 21 0 0 189 || 52.4 | 49.7 | 2-7 0.039 || 15 | 1-0 S by E. S
254 184 | 54-1 | 49.2 | 4.9 1-8 | 0-8 SSE. Ss
4 0 182 || 54-2 | 50.0 | 4.2 0-5 | 0-2 | SEbyS. s.
6 0 218 || 49-3 | 46-3 | 3-0 1-0 | 0.2 | SW by 8S? Varying.
Sand 220 || 45-5 | 44-5 | 1-0 0-5 | 0-0 SSW
10 0 200 || 43-0 | 42-7 | 0.3 0-2 | 0-0
18 0 || 29-127 || 47-7 | 45-7 | 2-0 0-0 | 0-0 S by W?
20 0 122 | 47-5 | 46.0 | 15 | 5. 4 0-2 | 0-2 8 by E. SSE.
22 0 136 || 48-0 | 47-0 | 10 | 456 0:8 | 0-2 S by E.
Mar. 22 0 0 117 | 53-7 | 50-6 | 3-1 a 0.290 || 1-2 | 1:2 S by E. SSE.
2 0 127 || 58-0 | 52-4 | 5-6 2-5 | 1-5 S by W. S by W:
4 0 134 || 59-2 | 51-8 | 7-4 1-2 | 0-8 S by W. SSW.
6 0 175 || 54-0 | 48-8 | 5-2 0-2 | 0-2 | Sby W. SSW.
8 0 219 | 47-7 | 45-6 | 21 0:0 | 0-0 S)
10 0 239 || 46-2 | 44-7 | 1-5 0-0 | 0-0
18 © |) 29-143 || 48-8 | 46-8 | 2-0 2.0 | 0-2 ESE.
20 0 170 || 48-9 | 47-0 | 1-9 | 50, 1-2 | 0-8 E by 8. SSE.
22 0 159 || 45-8 | 42-2 | 3-6 ‘ 0-2 | 0-0 NNE. SSE.
Mar. 23 0 0 184 || 48-2 | 48.0 | 0.2 | 45°3 0-0 | 0-0 SSE.
2 0 205 | 55-4 | 52.0 | 3.4 0-125 | 9.5 | 0.8 | SEby8, 8 by B.
4 0 236 || 53-7 | 51-0 | 2-7 1-2 | 0-8 SSE. Eby 8?
6 0 311 || 51-2 | 48-7 | 2-5 1-2 | 0-0
8 0 374 || 44-7 | 43-2 | 1-5 0-2 | 0-0
10 0 421 || 41-2 | 40-8 | 0.4 0-0 | 0-0
18 0 || 29-527 || 39-8 | 39-8 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0
20 0 556 | 42-6 | 42.2 | 04 | 4 0-2 | 0-2 | NEbyN.
22 0 571 | 44-1 | 43-7 | 0-4 36.2 0-5 | 0-5 | EbyN.
Mar. 24 0 0 591 || 45-7 | 44.9 | 0-8 ig 0-2 | 0-8 NE. E by 8.
2 0 592 | 43-7 | 42.4 | 13 0-062 | 1.8 | 1-8 | ENE. Eby N.

20,
22.
nO:
2.

4,
«C6.

2,
(CO.
2.
4.

OBSERVATIONS, Marcu 17—24. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

Woolly cirri, cirro-cumuli, and fine linear cirri, all lying WSW. to ENE.; masses of loose cumuli near horizon all round, cumulo-strati to E.

A few patches of scud + loose cumulo-strati; cirrous haze.
Patches of scud ; large loose cirro-cumuli ; cumulo-strati to NNE.
Masses of scud +- cumulo-strati above cumuli to N. and E.

Large loose cirro-cumuli; cirrous haze. [point.
Patches of scud moving quickly + lines of cirro-strati and linear cirri rising from a semicircular nucleus on E. horizon and radiating from that

Loose pcre = patches of woolly cirri; ranges of loose cumuli to S. and E.

Scud + cirrous clouds.
Thick seud ; raining to NW. [the horizon seems coyered with the thin seud.
Thin misty Bead SESS close to the ground and moving very rapidly: thick scud moving less quickly: woolly cirri moving very slowly ;

. Thin seud: scud : cirrous clouds.

8. Seud.

Id.
Id. ; light rain.
Id. [horizon.

Id. +— woolly cirro-cumuli and fine linear cirri lying N. and 8.; cumulo-strati and loose cumuli near
Scud and loose cumuli + woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli.
Detached masses of cumuli + cirro-cumuli.

. Scud and masses of woolly cirro-cumuli.

q

A large mass of electric clouds moved up from SSW. ; at first the W. was covered, but the tendency of the whole is towards the E.; the clouds
at first appeared to be acted on by several currents, now they appear to move from SSE, and SE.; large drops of rain ; sky to E. with beau-

Heavy showers, scud. [tiful cumulo-strati to SSE.
Clear.

Scud in different strati, moving very slowly + cumulo-strati and cirro-strati to E., the latter quite red.

Scud ; light rain.

Raining.
Patches of cirrous scud + A mass of clouds covers the sky from NW., by E. to SE. to an altitude of 40°,

curled cirri at the edges, apparently becoming haze to NE. ; cumulo-strati near horizon ; cumuli to SW.
. Detached masses of loose cumuli + the sky almost completely covered with thin Lea woolly cirri; cirrous haze on E, GP ont

Masses of loose cumuli and cumulo strati +— ey cirrous clouds.

Id. 3 smart shower.

Id. + cumulo-strati to §.; breaking to S.
Id.

Id.; light rain.

j Hazy clouds on E. horizon.

}
q

. Small patches of scud ; cirrous haze on horizon.
10. Scud.

B. Thick fog.
. Fog clearing off.
2. Fog.

MAG. AND MET, oBs. 1848. QE

109

Observer’s
Initial.

bwWsedduna

Saauu0 cdnsesutn teens s dow daw wadduw ddunnddduw

110

Gottingen
Mean Time
of

Observation.

d. h.
Mar. 24 4

Mar. 25

Mar. 29

So

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

co ooooococo ooooce

BaRo-
METER
Corrected.

in.
29-614
650
687
696

29-796
842
864

DAILy METEOROLOGICAL

THERMOMETERS.

ANEMOMETER.

Wet.

Pressure.

Max.

Pres.

Direction of
Wind.

E by N.
E by N.
Eby N.
E by N.

ENE.
ENE.

ENE.

ENE.

ENE.
E by N.

NE.
NE.

Clouds moving from

8.

BE by 8: Eby 8.
E by 8.
Eby N:E.
ESE.

Ww.

E by N.
E: WNW.
Various : NE?

20. Id.; a few flakes of snow.

i OssERVATIONS, Marcu 24—30. 1843. 111
¥
' i, a
if SPEcIES oF CLouDs, &e. rae
i =)
L —
- |
| 4. Seud. B
| 6. Id. BI
} 8. Id. Ww
| 10. Dark. | W
18. Different strata of clouds, the lowest seud ; a few drops of rain. B
| 920. As before ; no rain. B
) 22. Seud: cirrous scud +— cirrous clouds. | W
) 0. Id. + patches of woolly cirro-cumuli to S. Ww
2. Id.: seud + loose cumuli on horizon. W Yt
4 4. Seud or loose cumuli. | B
| 6. Loose cirrous clouds, chiefly to E., moving very slowly. | B
8. Clear. || W
| 10. Id.; several shooting stars seen. Ww
a |
18. Scud; snowing; a small quantity of snow has fallen during the night. lw
22. Ta. id.
0. Id.

m2. Id.
| 4 ia
m 6. Id.
; 8 Id.
10. Id.
| 18. Id.
20. Id.

22. Scud or loose cumuli in large masses.

0. Id. id.
2. Id. id.

4. Id. id.

: 6. Detached masses of loose cumuli and scud.

8.
10. Scud ?

18. Patches of loose cumuli to W.; cumulo-strati on E. horizon; cirrous haze to S.

20. Thin scud + cumulo-strati to N.; linear cirri to 8. lying ESE. to WNW. [NW. to SE.

22. Detached patches of loose cumuli in strata on N. and H. horizon: linear cirri lying and pointing from

4 OQ. Masses of cirrous scud, some of which at an altitude of about 80° from ENE. is evidently in an eddy, as the mass remains nearly stationary,
whilst its parts move in all directions, tending principally towards NE., but vanishing in its evolutions: linear cirrous clouds.

2. Patches of cirrous clouds; patches of cumuli to N.

4. Patches of cirrous scud to W., which grow quickly into larger masses and then disappear + small patches of cumuli to N.

6. Cirrous clouds on E. horizon.

8. Clear.

10. Id. Anauroral arch, the crown to NNW., altitude 15°; it shortly loses the form of the arch ; no streamers.

18. Cumulo-strati on E. horizon ; cirrous haze all round the horizon ; much hoar-frost.
| 20. Chiefly woolly cirri; indistinct linear cirri in cirrous haze to N., lying ESE. to WNW; cirrous haze all
| 22. Thick mass of cirrous clouds and haze. [round the horizon.
0. fs
} 2. Cirrous scud + cumulo-strati to N. and E.; loose eumuli to S.; cirrous haze.
| 4. Small patches of cirrous scud + long lines of linear cirri to NE. lying NNW. to SSE., curled to S. ; sky covered with cirrous haze.
| 6. Loose seud ; cirrous haze; light rain till 5" 50™.
| 8. Scotch mist.
1 Id.

18. Masses of scud moving quickly + fine linear cirri to NE. pointing NNW. ; cirrous haze.

4 weddddudd ddddun wad wdddduedg wsdddues

Gottingen
Mean Time
of

Observation.

d., “hs
Mar. 30 20
22

Mar.

ecocooooce cooooc[c]s |

o

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

ocoooco ocooococececoc ocoocoecseso

Baro-
METER

Corrected.

Dairy METEOROLOGICAL

THERMOMETERS.

Wet. | Diff.

Max.
and Min.

ANEMOMETER.

Pressure.

Max. | Pres.

Direction of

Wind.

SW.
SW by 8.
SW by 8.
SW by 8.

Sw.

SW by 8S.
SW by 8.

ESE.

SE.
E.
NE.
KE.
NE?

Wsw.
WS8w.
NW.
NW.

NW by N.
NNW.

SSE,
SE by 8:8.

ESE.
SE by E.
SE by 8.

SE.

ESE,

ESE?

WYW : NNW.

Ww.
NW by W.
NW by W.
NW by W.

h.
B20.
B22.

0.
2.
. Seud.

to

Sy

= - =
SORFNSH SH SCHODRNWSNSM

29
0.
Om
4
6.
Q

| 18. Loose scud + woolly cirri tinged with red ; cumulo-strati to E.
. Scud + cirro-strati.

OgsERVATIONS, Marcu 30—Aprit 6. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

Scud + cumuli on NE. horizon.

Cirrous scud +~ linear cirri to E. lying N. and §.; clouds very thick to S.
Large masses of loose cumuli.

Loose scud : cirrous scud +~ linear cirri to W. pointing N. by E.; cumuli to S.

Id.

. Loose scud, very low + cirrous scud.

. Loose scud.

Id. + cirrous haze ; cumulo-strati on horizon.

. Patches of scud + a dense mass of cirro-stratus.
. As before, but more scud.

Id. id.
Scud ; dense cirro-stratus ; raining.

. Loose scud + loose cumuli to N, and E.

Id. + cirrous clouds.

. Light rain.

. Cirro-cumulous scud, the lower portion moving quickly; sky milky.
. Scud : large banks of thick cirrous clouds to W.
. Masses of scud and loose cumuli.

+— fine woolly cirri to NE. lying WNW. to ESE. ; cirrous haze to SW.and 8.

- Loose cumuli + woolly and mottled cirri and fine cirro-cumuli mostly lying WNW. to ESE.
. Masses of loose cumulo-strati: cirrous clouds of all kinds moving slowly.

Cumulo-strati to NE., patches moving across the zenith +— chiefly linear and woolly cirri.
Diffuse cirri to W., woolly cirri, patches of cirro-strati to N.

. Cirrous clouds ae haze near horizon.

[hazy.

. Masses of scud, moving quickly : thick patches éf cirro-cumulons and cirro-stratus clouds stationary ; sky
. Large detached masses of seud, very low and moving quickly : thick woolly cirri moving slowly ; the cirri

are of different kinds, lying in strata, in sheets, and becoming haze; the highest probably stationary.

. Masses of loose cumuli to N., cirrous scud + thick mass of cirrous clouds, stationary.

Scud + cirrous haze to E.

. Seud + thick mass of cirrous clouds; sky nearly covered with cirrous haze.

As before; light rain.

Low patches of scud + thick cirrous clouds, stationary.
Seud.

Raining.

. Two currents of scud, the lower detached patches, the upper a thick extended mass; a few drops of rain; it has been raining heavily lately.

0. Nearly as before.

Scud + cirrous clouds and haze.
Masses of loose cumuli + cirrous haze.
Id. ad's less scud.
Id. id. ; cirrous haze stationary.
Loose scud +— large woolly cirro-cumuli, stationary ; loose cumuli and cirro-strati on horizon.
Cumuli and cumulo-strati on E. horizon.
Clear.

Id. + thick cirrous clouds; light rain.
Id.

Id.

Id. + cirrous haze; cumuli on horizon.

MAG. AND MET. obs. 1848. 2

113

Observer’s
Initial.

budduwidd wddddowd |

Ser eagueg sdunddeun ddundgdw w ddundgeun

114 Daity METEOROLOGICAL

ne THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER,.

Gottingen B

Mean Time ae erasure Cloud: A
of eo Nh Max. essure. | Direction of ouds moving from

Observation. Corrected. Z Wet. Diff. land Min. Wind.
Max. | Pres.

W by 8.

WSsw.
W8wW.

SW by W.

W by S: W by 8.
W by 8S: W by 8.
WSW.

W by N.
WS8w.
WSw.
N by E,
N by E.
N by E.

N by E.
NW?

cocoocoecs cooscoosos wmcoos
wyseypPNNor

Boe anewaaS

o

NNW?

NW by N.
NW by N.
NW by N: WNW?
N by W.

N by W.

N:N.
N.
N by W: NW by W.
Ww.
NW by W.

OYE COMME Om
ANONCNN ANDAUNAANDOS

cou
ow

NNW.

NNW.

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

WNW.

o ooooco

OBSERVATIONS, APRIL 6—12. 1843.

SPrEciEs oF CLOUDS, &c.

115

Observer’s
Tnitial.

h.

6. Thick and ragged masses of scud + cirrous haze, &c.

8. Loose scud; thick mass of cirrous clouds; red to W.; ; a few drops of rain.
10. Scud.

18. A long mass of scud on §S. and SE. horizon, moving slowly.
20. Masses of scud and loose cumulo-strati + linear, woolly and reticulated cirri, with cirro-strati.
22. Scud.
0. Scud + woolly cirri to W.
2. Homogeneous scud ; light rain.
4. Seud : woolly cirri.
6. Id: id.
_ 8. Seud.
10. Clear; small patches of scud to N. and E.

18. Sheets of woolly cirri.
20. Seud ; light rain.
22. Id.

0. Id.; raining. [woolly cirri to W.

2. Woolly cirrous scud, moving slowly + loose cumuli to W. and S.; small detached cumuli to N. and E.;

4, Large masses of scud.
6. Rain.
8. Scud + cirrous clouds to N.

| 10. Cirro-cumulous scud ; about 10™ ago it was acted on by various currents.

/18. Patches of cumuli + cumulo-strati on E. horizon; woolly cirri and cirrous haze over the sky.

00. Patches of scud ; cumuli on E. horizon ; cirrous haze covers the sky.
. Seud + thick cirrous haze.
2 . Loose-edged cumuli.
. Large masses of black scud, cumuli and nimbi, falling in snow all round: cirrous clouds.
| 4. Loose-edged cumuli; snow ‘falling to N.
6. Scud + large masses of cumuli to E. and S.; a shower of snow.
8. Cumuli and cumulo-strati on horizon, falling i in showers of snow (?) to SW.
(3 10. Cumuli to SE.

Po: except a bank of cirro-stratus and loose cumuli to E.
. Cumulo-strati on N. and E. horizon.
. Scud, moving quickly : woolly cirri, slowly.
. Cumuli.
2 Scud: cumuli,
4, Scud and loose cumuli + large masses of cumuli to E.
8 Cirrous scud +— large ranges of cumuli to N. and E.; passing showers of snow.
. Thick cumuli to NW. and on S. horizon ; cirro-strati to S.
Scud.

}. Cirrous scud + cumulo-strati on E. horizon. [NE.
). Patches of cirrous scud ; id. ; fine linear cirri lying E. by N. to W. by S.; cirrous haze to

2. Scud to W. and NW. +2 long line of patches of cirrous-edged cumuli to SSE., feathered and assuming a

considerable likeness to the eymoid cirri; sky nearly covered with thick cirrous haze.

Patches of scud + cirrous haze.

As before, but more scud.

4. Detached masses of scud + dense mass of cirrous clouds and haze.
. Rain,

8. Several heavy showers of snow since last observation.

.0. Masses of scud.

B. Scud + loose ragged cumuli on horizon.

?

Se qveggun eenndesun dau

3 wessnnw aa Hosts nnnss dosed nnss

116

Gottingen
Mean Time
of
Observation.

coooo oo

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

o

oooo cooocococo coocococeso

ecoocoos

Baro-
METER
Corrected.

r
in.
29-699
742

DAILY METEOROLOGICAL

THERMOMETERS.

Max.
and Min.

RAIN
GAUGE.

ANEMOMETER.,

Pressure.

Max.

Pies: Wind.
Tbs.
: N by W.
NNW.
N.
N by W?
NW by N?

We
W by 8?
WSwW.
W by 8.
W by 8.
W by 8.
W by 8.

NW by W.
W by N.

W by 8S.

SW by W?
SW by 8.
WSW.
SW by W.
SW.
SW.
Sw.

SW by W.
SW.
Wsw.
sw.
Wsw.
SW.

SW.
SW.

SW.

Direction of

Clouds moving from

N by E.
N:N by E.
Nby W:N.

NNW.

WNW.

WNW?

Ww.

W.
W by N: NW.
WNw.

WNW: WNW.

WSwW ?
WSW : W by N.
WSsw.
WSW.
WSsw.
WSW.

Ww?

$?: SSE.
SSE.
SE.
Ss.

SSW.
SSW.

SW by W.
WSsW.
SSW.
SSW.

SW dy 8.

SW by 8.

SW by 8.

SW by W.

Sw.
SW: Sw.
SW.

NW : 5S by W.

_

Beas Cina r=aic SOc CD: TO

¥ OBSERVATIONS, APRIL 12—19. 1843.
§
SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

; 20. Cirrous scud +~ thick scud to E.; cirrous clouds to W.; occasional showers of snow.
22. Two currents of cirrous scud.

0. Id.

_ 2. Loose-edged cumuli + linear and curled cirri radiating from N.; sky to W., covered with cirrous haze.
4. Loose cumuli.

_ 6, Masses of cirrous seud + thick cirrous haze oyer the sky; half of a solar halo seen, radius about 23°; the space within the halo is much darker

’ than without it, being dark gray; the edge of the halo is brownish and passes into the bluish-white of the cirrous haze without.

. Scud + cirrous haze over the sky.

. Dense cirro-stratus ; a few drops of rain.

. Scud + cirro-strati to NE. lying SSE. to NNW.
. Loose scud, quickly; thick cirrous clouds and haze covering all the sky +- cumulo-strati on NE. horizon.
. Detached masses of scud on horizon + thick linear cirri over the sky, generally becoming haze, radiating from NW. cirro-cumuli to S,

roe we _
wWoNSa oo

. Detached masses of cumuli and scud round horizon: long strips of flame-like cirri rising from woolly
cirri, pointing from WNW.; sheets of cirri to SW. appear superimposed upon each other.

Cirrous clouds; rather large cirro-cumuli lying in rows towards SSE. with sheets of woolly cirri interspersed.

Thick cirrous pipaaee cirro-cumuli to W.; cirro-strati and linear cirri to E. lying NNW. to SSE. ; patches of scud on N. and S. horizon,

Seud : cirro-cumuli, in sheets radiating from NW.; the sky very stormy like.

Nearly as before.

a eS
SORE

Scud + masses of loose cumuli on SE. horizon ; cirro-strati on E. horizon.
Id. + large woolly cirro-cumuli; cirro-strati and cumulo-strati to E.
Thick scud + cirro-cumuli and sheets of cirri.
Scud, moving quickly : cirro-cumuli, woolly cirri, &., slowly.
Seud.
Scud + linear cirri, pointing from WNW.
Id.
Id. + cirro-cumuli; clouds red to W.
Id.

to

SOM PW SONS

ee

8. Thick cirro-cumulous seud, the patches of various colours ; motion very small.
® 20. As before.
| 22. Patches of scud and loose cumuli on horizon: cirro-cumulous scud.

0. Loose cumuli, motion scarcely perceptible.

2. Cirrous scud, moving very slowly + loose cumuli near horizon.

4, Cumuli and cirrous scud.
6. Cirro-cumulous scud (as throughout the day) ; masses of cumuli on horizon to SE.
8. Cirro-cumulous scud.

10.
18. Id., lying in strata to N. + cirrous haze and rippled cirri.
20. Id.

22. Scud + haze.

0. Detached masses of seud +~ patches of cirrous clouds to W.; sky nearly covered with cirrous haze.
2. Scud +- woolly cirri and cirrous haze.

4, Id. + cirrous clouds and haze.

6. Id. +-cumulo-strati on E. and NE. horizon.

8. Loose scud, very low, moving quickly + masses of cirrous clouds; cirro-strati to NW.

0. Scud.

Scud + irregular cirro-cumuli.
Id., low and moving quickly : large loose cirro-cumuli, slowly + finer cirro-cumuli and linear cirri.
: Seud + cirrous clouds, principally large cirro-cumuli with fine linear and woolly cirri; cumulo-strati to E.
} 0. Loose-edged cumuli in two currents + cumulo-strati on horizon; fine linear and woolly cirri and cirrous haze.
In a short time the great mass of the scud and cumuli are from W. by S.: sea-gulls flying very high.

18.
22.

. Nearly as before; the cirri radiating more distinctly than before, and from WNW., intersected at right angles near the zenith by fine lines of cirri.

—
—
“a

bserver’s
Tnitial

widduobds boddwe wedd wed dows ie

4 See 444edasguw egungdguy

“MAG. AND MET. ons. 1843. 26

Gottingen

Mean Time
of
Observation.

Apr.

Apr.

Apr.

Apr.

a.
19

20

. 21

22

23

h.
2

o

coocococeooco ooscocecon

Bano-
METER

in.
29-673
648
625
626
623
29-557
547
530

Corrected.

THERMOMETERS.
Bays || swede: | DRE eee
61-6 | 52-4 | 9-2
61-3 | 51-3 | 10-0
57-7 | 51-8 | 5-9
53-7 | 50-1 3-6
49-0 | 46-7 | 2-3
36-3 | 36-0 0:3
44-0 | 42-2 1:8
533 | 47.0 | 63 | Sf
55-8 | 49-0 | 6-8
55-0 | 50:0 | 5-0
52-8 | 48-1 | 4-7
51-3 | 47-5 3-8
49-4 | 46-9 | 25
50-0 | 47:7 | 2:3
542 | 50.9 | 3.3 | 222
55-7 | 50-3 | 5-4
58-0 | 51-6 | 6-4
57-0 | 50:0 | 7-0
55-4 | 49-5 | 5-9
52:0 | 49.0 3-0
49-1 | 46-9 | 2.2
47-7 | 46-3 1-4
48-7 | 47-4 1-3
50-2 | 48-0 | 2.2 ne
50:0 | 48-8 1-2
51-0 | 48-9 | 2-1
49-3 | 47-6 | 1-7
49-0 | 47-3 1-7
46-8 | 46-3 | 0-5
45-0 | 43-8 1-2

52-2
40-9
35:3 | 34:3 1-0
39-5 | 38-2 1:3
50-0 | 45-3 | 4-7 | 394
53-9 | 47-0 | 6-9
56-4 | 48-6 | 7-8
55-8 | 47-9 | 7-9
51-6 | 46-7 | 4-9
47-8 | 44-1 | 3-7
46:7 | 43-3 | 3-4
43-0 | 41-0 2-0
41-2 | 40-0 1-2
40-8 | 39-2 | 1-6 oe
44:0 | 42-4 | 1-6
50-8 | 46-4 | 4-4
51-6 | 46-0 | 5-6
50-0 | 44:0 | 6-0
45:3 | 40-8 | 4-5
41-4 | 38:0 | 3-4

0-000

0-000

0-172

0-468

0-067

0-127

Datty METEOROLOGICAL

ANEMOMETER.
Pressure. | Direction of
Max. | Pres. WEEGE
Ibs. Ibs.
0-2 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-2 | 0-0
0:0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-5 | 0-5 ENE.
0-8 | 0-2 B by N.
0-2 0-2 E by 8.
0-5 | 0-0
0-2 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-5 | 0-5 SW.
0-5 | 0-0
0-5 | 0-2 SW.
0-5 | 0-5 SW.
0:5 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-2 | 0-2 SE.
0-2 | 0-2 SE.
0-5 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-2 | 0-0 f
0-0 | 0-0
0:0 | 0-0
0:0 | 0-0
0-0
1:5 Ave
0-0 | 0-0
0-8 | 0-8 Sby E
15 | 1-0 Ss
2.2 | 2.0 s.
2:0 | 1-0 Sby E
1:0 | 0-8 8.
1:5 0-8 8.
3.0 1:8 8 by E
3-8 | 4-0 8
3-2 | 3-0 SS)
4-8 | 2-2 iS)
3-0 | 1-0
1-0 | 1-5 | NW by W.
1-8 1-0 WNw.
18 | 1-2 NW.
1-2 | 0-2 WSW ?
0:8 | 0-5 Wsw.
0:0

Clouds moving from

S by W.
8 by W : ESE.

8S by W.

NW by N: SSE.

8.
SSW: SW?
sw.
W:S by E.
NW.
NW.

OBSERVATIONS, APRIL 19—25. 1843.

18. Masses of cirrous scud + woolly cirri; thick mass of cirrous clouds and haze on E. horizon.

119
SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e. > 3
BA
fo)
h.

2. Scud and loose cumuli +- cumuli and cumulo-strati on horizon ; a few drops of rain. B
4, Scud and loose cumuli: cumuli + hazy on E. horizon. B

6. Nearly as before. B
8. Scud and loose cumuli; thin fog; sky red to W. Ww

10. Scud. w

18. Loose cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri; thick fog. B
20. Cirrous clouds, woolly cirri, &c. B
22. Sky covered with cirrous clouds and haze; cumulo-strati and cirro-strati. WwW
0. Scud + cirrous clouds ; cumulo-strati to S.; a few drops of rain. Ww
2. Id. + thick mass of cirrous clouds; ranges of cumulo-strati to SE. and S. W
4. Id. + cirro-stratus to E.; cirrous clouds to NE. H
6. Id. + large cirro-cumuli. Ww
8. Id. Ww
10. Id. Ww
18.
20.
22. Id. + woolly cirri; ranges of cumuli to S. and E. Ww
0. Scud and loose cumuli; sky to E. Ww
2. Id. ; id.; cirrous clouds and haze. WwW
4. Loose cumuli +— woolly, mottled and curled cirri and cirrous haze. W
6. Cirro-cumulous scud + cirrous clouds. Ww
8. Id., motion scarcely perceptible + cirro-strati to NE. lying SSE. to NNW. WwW
10. Scud; dark. Ww
18. Sky very milky ; some patches of seud ; thick cirrous haze ; light rain. Ww
20. Scud ; light rain. WwW
22. Id.; id. B
0. Id.; id. B
2. Id., moving very slowly ; a dark mass of scud rising like a curtain from SW. ; heavy rain immediately. WwW
4, Cirro-cumulous scud + loose scud on horizon ; a few drops of rain. Ww
6. Patches of scud : scud ; light rain. WwW
8. Raining since last observation. WwW
10. Scud. Ww
18. Scud ; hoar-frost. WwW
20. Masses of scud to SW. w
22. Loose-edged cumuli +- cumulo-strati on horizon. B
0. Cumuli and cumulo-strati. B
2. Id. Ww
_ 4. Cumuli, scud, &e. B
mo. Id, id.; afew heavy drops of rain lately from a dark mass of clouds. WwW
| 8. Scud and loose cumuli + cirrous haze, w

0. Homogeneous. Ww

18. Loose scud, moving quickly +~ thick cirrous haze above ; light rain. Ww

20. Scud ; rain. WwW
2. Two currents of scud + cirrous haze ; light rain. B

. Scud. B

. Scud and loose cumuli: woolly cirri; smart hail shower lately. B

4, Id. + cirrous clouds and haze above. Ww

6. Thin secud +— woolly and curled cirri; cumulo-strati on horizon. [red to WNW. || W
8. Cirrous clouds, principally woolly and diffuse cirri, becoming haze; masses of cumulito E.in haze; clouds || W
10. Masses of cirrous clouds, lying NNW. to SSE. ; thick cirrous haze to E. Ww
WwW

120 DAILY METEOROLOGICAL

Gottincen THERMOMETERS, ANEMOMETER,
2 S Bano-
porn me (METER J ; as a Pressure. Mixeetionof Clouds moving from
Observation. _|| Corrected.|| Dry. | Wet. | Diff. [anaMin, Gillean waxd.
fi a a Ts in. ° 2 =) g in. lbs. Tbs.
Apr. 25 20 0 || 29-250 | 39-9 | 37:0 | 29 | 51. 0-8 | 0-5 Ww. w.
22 0 259 | 44-2 | 39-2 | 5-0 | 3, , 0-8 | 0-2 W. Www.
Apr. 26 0 0 262 || 47-2 | 41-6 | 5-6 0.012 || 9°> | 98 W. WSW.
2 0 264 || 43-8 | 39-0 | 4-8 0-5 | 0-2 W. SSW.
4 0 274 || 44-0 | 40-4 | 3-6 0-2 | 0-0 SE?
6 0 315 || 40-8 | 38-6 | 2-2 0-8 | 0-8 NE. NE by E.
8 0 377 || 40-2 | 38-2 | 2-0 0-8 | 0-0 NNE.
10 0 443 || 37-0 | 35-5 | 1-5 0-0 | 0-0
18 0 || 29-613 || 34-3 | 33-3 | 1-0 0-0 | 0-0
20 0 644 | 38-0 | 36-3 | 1-7 | 504 0-0 | 0-0
22 0 646 | 47-0 | 44-0 | 3-0 | 555 0-0 | 0-0 SSW. s.
Apr. 27 0 0 646 || 51-1 | 45-4 | 5-6 0.015 || 5 | 8 S by B 8.
0) 615 || 55-0 | 48-2 | 68 1-2 | 1-0 8.
4 0 581 || 54-7 | 47-3 | 7-4 9.2 | 1-1 SSW. S.
6 0 551 || 53-9 | 47-0 | 6-9 ile |) Gee ssw. 8.
8) 10 541 | 48-9 | 45-0 | 3-9 1-1 | 0-6 SSW. S?
10 0 533 | 45-9 | 43-3 | 2-6 0-9 | 0-1 8.
18 0 || 29-392 || 43-8 | 41-5 | 2-3 1:8 | 0-7 8. SSW.
: f : : é S by B
Be |e gece aco |-a5i7-| aemohete is [os | StyE sy W
Roe ; 43-2 ; : 8 by E
pr. 28 0 0 354 || 46-8 | 44-8 | 2-0 0.104 || 1:3 | 0-9 by E. S by W.
20 353 || 46-8 | 45-2 | 1-6 1-3 | 0-5 SSW. S by W
4 0 353 || 44.3 | 43.4 | 0-9 0-7 | 0-0 8 by W.
6 0 356 || 44-6 | 43-1 | 1-5 0:0 | 0-0 SSW.
8 0 382 || 42-6 | 41-7 | 0-9 0-0 | 0-0
10 0 409 || 41-6 | 40-6 | 1-0 0-0 | 0-0 Ww
18 0 || 29-458 |) 34.6 | 34-2 | 0-4 0-2 | 0-0
20 0 488 | 42-1 | 413 | 08 | yo, 0:0 | 0-0 Ww?
22 0 517 | 48-0 | 45-9 | 21 | 354 0-0 | 0-0 S by E.
Apr. 29 0 0 534 || 51-3 | 46-8 | 4-5 0.297 || 21 | 0-0 E by N.
20 565 || 53-2 | 47-8 | 5-4 0-5 | 0:5 NE. NNE,
4 0 579 || 52:0 | 46-6 | 5-4 0:7 | 0-5 | NEbyE.
6 0 615 || 47-2 | 44-8 | 2.4 0-5 | 0-5 NE. NNE: E by 8.
8 0 676 || 45-0 | 44-0 | 1-0 0-4 | 0-1 ENE?
10 0 741 || 44.3 | 44-0 | 0-3 0-4 | 0-0
Apr. 30 0 0 . | 233 |jo-000 || 1-0
18 0 || 30-186 || 34.8 | 34-4 | 0-4 1:5 | 0-0 ENE?
20 0 195 | 44.0 | 429 | 11 | 56, 0:0 | 0-0 E.
22 0 193 || 52-9 | 49-5 | 3-4 | 555 0-1 | 0-0
May 1 0 0 200 || 57-0 | 50-0 | 7-0 0-000 || &7% | 9-7 ENE. ENE.
2 0 193 || 60-0 | 50-7 | 9-3 0-7 | 0-7 ENE.
4 0 174 || 58-6 | 50-0 | 8-6 0:8 | 0-7 | NEbyN.
6 0 161 || 56-0 | 49-0 | 7-0 0-8 | 0-5 | NE by N. BH?
8 0 173 || 51-2 | 47-7 | 3-5 0-5 | 0-0 :
10 0 179 || 45-3 | 44.2 | 1-1 0-0 | 0-0
18 0 || 30-153 || 36-7 | 36-0 | 0-7 0-0 | 0-0
20 0 141 || 41-8 | 40-2 | 16 | 6). 0-0 | 0-0 ENE?
Oi) 128 | 49-7 | 45-0 | 4-7 | 5.°3 0-0 | 0-0
May 2 0 0 091 | 52-8 | 47-8 | 50 | °°" IIo oo9 || OF | 0-4 ENE.
2250 059 | 52-6 | 48.7 | 3-9 0-6 | 0-5 E by N. NE?

OBSERVATIONS, APRIL 25—May 2. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e.
‘a

2
| 22. Cirrous-edged cumuli and cumulo-strati.
| 0. Many cumuli + nimbi to E. and SE.
| 2. Scud and loose-edged cumuli; a smart shower of hail lately.
_ 4, Scud + cumuli near horizon ; woolly cirri to SE. ; most of the sky covered with a thick milky haze.
6. Seud + thick cirrous haze ; cumuli near horizon ; light rain.

8. Id. + hs sky to NW.
10. Scud ?

|

h.
| 20. Patches of cirrous scud + cirrous clouds and haze on E. horizon; cumuli on S. and SE. horizon.
|

18. Clear; cirro-strati on S. and E. horizon.
90. Cirro-cumulous scud to E. Thermometer in the sun 77°.
22. Loose-edged cumuli.

i Id.

q Id.

. Scud + sky covered with a thick milky mass of clouds; a few drops of rain.
0. Id. + thick cirrous haze above.

22. Id.; light rain.

f

i

| 0.
2

i 4.

| 6. Scud and loose-edged cumuli + mottled cirri and cirro-cumuli to W.; cumulo-strati to E. and SE.; haze
8
0.

‘is

|

{

| 0. Id; id.

m2. Id; id.

im 4. Id.; id.

| 6. Scud and loose cumuli + patches of cirri to S.; cirro-strati to NE.

| 8. Cirro-strati, cirro-cumuli, and mottled cirri.

10. Cirro-cumulous scud, with which the sky was suddenly covered about half an hour ago.
| 8

|

. Masses of mottled and diffuse cirri and cirro-cumuli; thick mass of cirro-strati and haze near the horizon. A parhelion to the S. of the sun;

it is of about the same size, and at the same altitude as the sun, but soon becomes elongated like a portion of a halo; the side nearest the
sun is orange and the other greenish-yellow.

20. Patches of scud, moving along N. and S. horizon + woolly and diffuse cirri and cirrous haze.
22. Many cirro-cumulito E. + masses of seud, twisting and moying in all directions ; linear cirri to W.; cumuliand cumulo-strati on N. and S, horizon.
0. Scud and cumuli + linear and reticulated cirri, becoming cirrous haze.
9. Patches of loose cumuli and scud + sky covered with cirrous haze ; the cirri at 14 were cymoid and moved from S.
4. Mottled cirri and cirro-cumuli, cirrous haze; scud moving along E. horizon.
6. Two currents of scud +~ cirro-cumuli.
8. A dense mass of cirro-stratus and haze.
10. Scotch mist.

i

\
;
'
}
|
18. Linear and mottled cirri; thick fog ; much hoar-frost.
20. Woolly, mottled, woven and curled cirri pointing from E.
|22. Woolly and reticulated cirri, linear cirri to E. and N.; masses of fleecy cirrous clouds to W.; cirrous haze near horizon.
| 0. Thin woolly and striated cirri, lying from ENE. to SSW.; thick cirrous haze to N. and E.
Woolly and curled cirri; a band of curled cirri stretching across the sky from E. by N. to W. by S.; cirrous haze on N. and E. horizon.
4. Cirrous haze near horizon ; patches of woolly cirri.
| 6. Cirri, scattered over the sky in all directions.
8. Woolly and reticulated cirri; cirrous haze on horizon.
0. Clear ; a streak of cirro-stratus to N.

18. Woolly and woven cirri to ESE. ; thick fog rising from the hollows ; heavy dew.
Long lines of flame-like cirri like long feathers ; the flame-like cirri rising from a midrib which points from ESE., the cirri pointing from NNE,

Chiefly woolly and striated cirri; sheets of woolly cirri to W. and 8., near horizon.
). Beautiful flame-like cirri.

2. Flame-like cirri, more curled, woolly cirri; scud and haze on E. horizon.

| MAG. AND MET. oss, 1843. 2H

121

Observer’s
Tnitial.

dddsdwnws Ss HWS Senne Ss bn sssuwSs

dnssdnnnss

Sae0n aeneseguy

122 Dairy METEOROLOGICAL

aes THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER,
Gottingen DARGe
ae Time ep Mae eee Pressure. | Direction of || Clouds moving from
Observation, || Corrected.) Dry. | Wet. | Dif |.oa min. ee Ee
‘ax. | Pres.
d ho m in. 3 ° o q in. Ibs. lbs.
May 2 4 0 30-018 || 52-0 | 48-0 4-0 0-5 | 0-4 NE by E.
6 0 29-998 || 47-8 | 45-6 2-2 0-4 | 0-4 ENE.
8 0 29-979 || 42-0 | 41-2 0-8 0-5 | 0:5 ENE. NE?
10 0 29-970 || 40-6 | 40-0 0-6 0-5 | 0-0
18 0 29-831 || 40-0 | 39-4 0-6 0-0 | 0-0
20 0 801 || 41-2 | 40-3 0-9 54.3 0-0 | 0-0
22 0 774 || 46-7 | 44-6 2-1 38.3 0-0 | 0-0 S by W?: NE.
May 3 0 O 728 || 52-1 | 48-8 3-3 0.000 0-0 | 0-0
2 0 694 || 57-1 | 51-1 6.0 0-2 | 0-1 NE.
4 0 643 || 57-1 | 50-8 6:3 0-5 | 0-5 NE by N.
6 0 607 || 56-8 | 51-2 5-6 0-3 | 0-1 NE.
8 0 587 || 51-0 | 47-8 3-2 0-2 | 0-0
10 0 570 || 44-7 | 43-7 1-0 0-2 | 0-0
1s 0 29-475 || 41-8 | 40-5 1:3 0-0 | 0-0
20 0 457 || 48-8 | 46-3 2-5 53.3 0-0 | 0-0
22 0 428 || 56-2 | 49-7 6:5 38-5 0-6 | 0-6 SSW. S by E.
May 4 0 0 423 || 57-7 | 49-3 8-4 0-000 0-7 | 0-5 SW by S s.
Be 385 || 61-6 | 52-0 9-6 0-8 | 1-0 SW by S S by W.
4 0 361 || 58-8 | 51-0 78 0-7 | 0-9 8 by W. S by W.
6en0 344 || 54-0 | 49-3 4-7 0-8 | 0:0 8
8 0 312 || 50-1 | 47-7 2-4 0-4 | 0-0 Ss
10 0 280 || 49-2 | 47-7 1:5 0-0 | 0-0
18 0 29-270 || 38-4 | 37-0 1-4 1-7 | 1:3 SW by 8. Sw.
20 0 294 || 43-0 | 40-3 2-7 61-7 0-6 | 0-4 SSW. SSW : SW by 8.
22° 0 294 || 49-9 | 45-0 4-9 38.9 2-0 | 1-1 SSW. SSW.
May 5 0 0 291 || 50-0 | 44-7 5-3 0-064 2-5 | 1-0 8. SSW.
2 0 304 || 46-7 | 42-9 3-8 4:8 | 2-5 8. SSW.
4 0 266 || 50-8 | 44-3 5-5 4:3 | 1-7 SSW. SSw.
6 0 246 || 51-9 | 43-2 8-7 4:3 | 3:8 8. SSW.
8 0 257 || 45-7 | 40-3 5-4 3-0 | 1-1 S by W. SSW.
10 0 236 || 44-0 | 39-9 4-1 2-9 3 8. SSw.
18 0 29-328 || 41-0 | 39-1 1-9 2-8 | 0-2 SSW. SSW.
20 0 331 || 45-3 | 42.0 3:3 53.3 0-4 | 0-4 SSW. SSW : SSW.
ye a0 322 || 46-9 | 42-7 4-2 38.9 0-6 | 0-6 SSW. WSW : 8.
May 6 0 0 314 || 52-0 | 46-7 5:3 0-111 0-3 | 0-0 WS8W.
2 0 276 || 53-8 | 46-7 7-1 0-0 | 0-0
4 0 244 || 53-7 | 47-0 | 6-7 0-0 | 0-0 W by N.
6 0 246 || 48-0 | 44-0 4-0 0:7 | O-1 B? WNw.
8 0 229 || 45-0 | 42-0 3-0 0-0 | 0-0 WNW.
10 0 208 || 43-8 | 42-2 1-6 0-0 | 0-0
55:5
May 7 0 0 40-6 0-8
18 0 29-517 || 41-7 | 41-0 0-7 2-6 | 0-0 EbyS
20 0 541 || 45-1 | 43-7 1-4 58.0 0-2 | 0-2 ENE. - ESE.
22 0 556 || 48-2 | 45-0 3-2 40-5 0-5 | 0-7 Es E.
May 8 0 0 578 || 49-3 | 46-0 3:3 0-294 1-4 | 1-1 E by 8. E by §.
2 0 620 || 46-7 | 42-6 4-1 1-6 | 1-2 E by 8. E by 8.
4 0 626 || 48-3 | 43-3 5-0 1-3 | 1-4 ENE. EbyS. '
6° 0 545 || 48-7 | 44-0 4-7 1-7 | 1:3 ENE. E.
8 0 665 | 45-0 | 42-0 3-0 1:0 | 0:3 ENE. ENE.
10 0 670 || 44:0 | 42-0 2-0 0-2 | 0-2 NNE?
18 0 29-674 | 45-3 | 42.5 2-8 0-7 | 0-1 NE?

OBSERVATIONS, May 2—8. 1843. 123

SPECIES of CLOUDS, &c.

| Observer’s |
Initial.

bh.
4, Flame and mottled cirri to W.; a bank of scud and haze on E. horizon.

6. Flame-like and woolly cirri and cirro-strati to W.; scud and haze on E. horizon.
8. Scud, homogeneous.

Id., id.

} 18. Thick fog.
20. Fog clearing off.

92. Two currents of scud.
. Patches of loose cumuli on §. horizon; haze on E. horizon.
. Detached masses of scud and loose cumuli on N. and S. horizon; masses of mottled cirri to W.
. Cumulo-stratus to 8. and a thick sheet of cirro-cumuli to SW.

id.
Id. ; patches of cirri to SSW.
. Patches of cirrous clouds to W.; haze and clouds on §, and SE. horizon.

on
S

SRARNS

Taal

COMPO SCNSH SHARNWSNSH

Very thin cirrous haze, principally on E. horizon,
. Cirro-strati to E.
. Cirrous clouds, chiefly cirro-cumuli + cirrous haze to 8. and E.; cumuli on N. horizon.
Woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli + cirrous haze ; ranges of cumuli on N. horizon.
Scud and loose-edged cumuli + masses of cirrous clouds and haze.
Masses of cumuli in haze; sky stormy-like.
Scud and loose cumuli; a few drops of rain.
Id.

Scud.

Masses of seud, moving quickly +- cumulo-stration NE. horizon. Thunder heard last night and this morning.
Thin scud : thicker scud, moving slower ; a few drops of rain.
Scud and cumuli + cumulo-strati on horizon.
Id. oo id.
Scud + cumuli near horizon ; drops of rain.
Cumuli, cumulo-strati and nimbi + cirrous haze to E.; passing showers.
Scud, cumuli and cumulo-strati.
. Scud and loose cumuli + cirro-strati and cirrous haze.
Scud.

. Strata of scud and linear and woolly cirri.

20. Strata of scud to E.: thick and large masses of woolly cirri, becoming flame-like.
. Scud and loose cumuli: cirrous clouds, chiefly cirro-cumuli, woolly cirri.

0. Detached masses of scud +— thick cirro-stratus and haze.

gguuddduw dduwddduy ddddudddu ddgugdduw dae

ponwr

2. Id. ; id.
oF Scud + id.
6. Id. - id.

oO. Id. — id.
10, Light rain.

8. Scud + dense cirrous clouds ; cumuli on horizon; rain till now.

0. Id. + mottled and reticulated cirri and cirro-cumuli. like.
2. Scud and loose cumuli, moving quickly +- pyramidal and common cumuli, moving very slowly; sky stormy-
0. Scud and loose cumiuli.

4. Loose cumuli + large cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri.

}. Scud and loose cumuli +~ cirrous clouds and haze.

. Seud rising from E. + thick sheet of cirro-stratus ; long blue bank of cirro-stratus to E.
Nearly as before ; cirri ribbed, ribs lying N. and §.; less even surface of clouds,

a2 dws snnwes

Cirrous clouds; large cirro-cumuli and mottled cirri; cirrous haze; very thick to W.; cirro-strati to NE.; bank of scud to SE.

124 Datty METEOROLOGICAL

Siero THERMOMETERS, ANEMOMETER,
Gottingen
Mean Time Bano- P : A

of eS ; Max. ressure. | Direction of || Clouds moving from
Corrected. ry. | Wet. Diff. |and Min SS Wind
| Pres. i

Observation.

in. - Se Se

Baa ‘0 | 0. cE. NE: Eby.
731 . c ; ; : : NE: Eby 8.
749 : * 5 : . NE: 0,
763 : ; : 2 ; 3 E :.NE by E.
782 E i y . K 7 NE by E.
791 || 50- : : 7 10. : NE?
823

d. h.
May 8 20

NE by E.
NE by E.
NE.

8.

SW by 8?
SW.
SW by W.
SW by W.
SW by W.
WSW.

m.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

WS eal ele) bene Sets SPAM op Gren Ot as MUS lo)
HAoOWSOCNAA SCAUNGHKASHA OAS

i=)

eoeccoceo

OBSERVATIONS, May 8—15. 1843. 125

SPECIES oF CLOUDS, &c.

Observer’s
Tnitial.

. Scud: woolly cirri and cirrous haze.
Id. : id.

Evid. : id., stationary.
_ 2. Two currents of scud + linear cirri.

. Scud.

Masses of seud +~ cirrous haze to W. and SW.
. Scud on horizon.
. Scud.

Td.
Id.
Id.
ed.
. Seud and loose cumuli.
. Patches of scud and loose cumuli on E, and S. horizon.

A ae cirrous haze to E.
. Patches of woolly cirri to W.; cirrous haze to E.
0. Clear.

. Thick fog.
fe iid., clearing off.
. Seud.
. A few patches of scud ; haze to E.
. Detached masses of scud and loose cumuli; haze on E. horizon.
. Scud + haze near horizon.
. Loose-edged cumuli + haze near horizon. ‘
8. Id. - id. ; woolly and mottled cirri over most of the sky.
. Cirrous haze to N.

. Cirro-cumulous scud, moving very slowly +~ cirrous haze round horizon.
20. Sky covered with cirrous clouds and haze.
. Scud +— cirrous haze.
Id., cirro-cumulous scud.
Id. + thick cirro-stratus and haze.
Id. + id.
» Id. + id.; a few drops of rain.
. Smart showers of rain.

18. Scud +— thick mass of cirrous clouds above to S.; cirro-strati and cumulo-strati to E. and NE.
| 20. Scud ; light rain.
feka.; = id:
Id.; passing showers.
Id. ; id.
Id.
Id. ; slight shower.
Id.

Id.

weggvowss wosdduwdsg wo gegguags weddsssus wwaduuns

8. Great masses of thin seud.
; Id.

Scud.
Id.
Id.
Id.
Id.

44s s00

} ‘MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843.

126 DaiLty METEOROLOGICAL

Bese THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER.
Gottingen mane
ifn SE Hae Pressure

of 2 Max. 3

Corrected. 5 Wet.

Direction of Clouds moving from

and Min. Wind.

bs tion.
Observation Max. | Pres.

in. . 5 8.
29-407 : 2 . : ; Eby N.
420 : : : 2 | 0. : Eby N.

29-387
386
383
382
379
377
372
409

E by N.
E by N.

Sele lietl <i OO ie)

ENE : E by N.
ENE : Eby N.
ENE.
ENE : NE.

SS OS Ore SO: NONI rae aes BO POND
CHOW AHhNTWHANwDS PEOSUASOO

m.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

—_ et et (= SN)
BUSDAMawHHKR QOLWY

o

OBSERVATIONS, May 15—21. 1843.

SPECIES oF CLOUDS, &c.

127

Observer’s
Tnitial.

h

8. Seud
10. Id.
18. Id
20. Id

22. Id.; rain.
0. Id.; light rain.

{
{
!
!
|
_ 4, Id.; heavy Scotch mist.
|
|
|
1

2. Id.; id.
mo, Id.; id.
__ 8. Scotch mist.
10. Id.
) 18. Two strata of scud.
20. Id.
22. Scud.

0. Two strata of scud + woolly and mottled cirri and large cirro-cumuli.
2. Scud and loose cumuli.

} 4. Id.
) 6. Id.
» 8. Id. ; shower of rain.
| 10. Ia.

18. Scud + thick cirrous mass; cirro-strati and cumulo-strati to NE.
| 20. As before.
| 22. Scud and loose cumuli.

0. :
2. Td.
4A Id.
im 6. Id. +— cirro-stratus on NE. horizon.

' 8. Large woolly cirro-cumuli + mottled cirri and cirro-strati to NE. and E. ; masses of cumuli on §. horizon.
(0. Dark cirro-cumulous scud to N. + cirrous clouds on E. and NE. horizon,

18. Cirro-cumulo-stratus + masses of loose scud ; hoar-frost.

20. Large woolly cirro-cumuli + sheets of mottled and woolly cirri; masses of seud and cumuli.
22. Scud and cumuli + woolly and mottled cirri.

Id.

Id. + cirro-stratus on H. horizon.

Scud +— detached masses of cumuli.

Id. + cirro-cumuli; cumuli on horizon.

Id. + id.

Id. + ranges of ragged cumuli on N. horizon.

Id. + cumulo-strati on horizon ; cirro-cumuli and cirrous haze.
Id. + cirrous clouds.
22. Id. + id.
aeid.: id.
9. Cirrous scud and loose cumuli + linear cirri and cirrous haze.
4, Cirrous scud +- loose cumuli; cirro-cumuli, cirri and cirrous haze.
6. Id. + cumuli; masses of mottled and woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli, becoming haze in some places.
8. Scud, very low, and loose cumuli + a sheet of thick woolly cirri from zenith to W. horizon; cirro-cumuli to N., cirro-strati to S. ; all nearly
10. Scud + cirrous haze in some places. Jatahonarye

C2 SPSRNS
for)

18 _ Thick Scotch mist.
. Scud; light rain.
Id. ; rain.

wWwednnnss Segggssss 4ogeaasas Hoeeseeeen Seeuqeeu 44

wes

128

Gottingen
Mean Time
of
Observation,

a.
May 22

_
SCmOAODFRNOY

May 23 0

May 24 0

or)
=

May 25 0

May 26 0

May 27

o

May 28 0

bo
o

Baro-
METER

Corrected.

DAILY METEOROLOGICAL

THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER,
Max Gree Pressure. Direction of

Dry. | Wet. | Diff, |anaMin. cecal aR

CJ i = s in. Ibs. Ibs.
45-6 | 45-0 0-6 0-313 0-8 | 0-5 NE.
46:3 | 45-9 0-4 0-8 | 0-5 NE.
46-8 | 46-2 0-6 0-6 | 0-6 NE,
46:3 | 46-0 0-3 0:5 | 0-3 NE.
45-2 | 45-0 0-2 0-5 | 0-2 NE.
44-7 _| 44:5 0-2 0-2 | 0-1 NE.
45-3 | 45.2 0-1 0-2 | 0-0
45-6 | 45-3 0-3 47-1 0-6 | Ol NE?
46:5 | 46-0 0:5 44-1 0-5 | 0-2 NE by E
48-2 | 47-8 0-4 0-039 0-4 | 0-2 NE.
47-9 | 47-3 0-6 0-9 | 0-8 NE by E
47-0 | 46-8 0-2 1-0 | 0-2 NE.
47-0 | 46-8 0-2 0-4 | 0-2 NE.
47-2 | 47-0 0.2 0-2 | 0-1 NE.
47-0 | 46-8 0-2 0-2 | 0-2 NE by N
46-3 | 46-0 0:3 0-7 | 0-2 ENE.
46-7 | 46-2 0:5 48-3 0-7 | 0-4 NE by E
47-0 | 46-3 0-7 45-2 1-2 | 0-6 ENE.
47:8 | 46-8 1-0 0-133 0-6 | 0-7 NE by E
48-2 | 47-0 1-2 1-1 1:3 ENE,
47-9 | 45-1 2-8 1-6 1:3 NE.
47-3 | 44-7 2-6 2-0 1-9 NE
45:3 | 44-0 1-3 2-8 1:3 NE.
44-6 | 44-2 0-4 15 | 0-6 NE.
45-7 | 45-5 0-2 1-6 | 0-0
47-3 | 47-1 0-2 50.2 0-0 | 0-0
49-3 | 49-0 0-3 43-8 0-0 | 0-0
51-0 | 50-0 1-0 0-390 0:3 | 0-6 SW.
51-3 | 50-0 1:3 0-8 | 0-7 SW by S
50:7 | 49-9 0-8 1-0 | 0-2 SW byS
51-3 | 49-7 1-6 0-4 | 0-5 SW by 8
50-7 | 48-3 2-4 0-7 | 0-4 SW by 8
48-3 | 46-3 2-0 0-2 | O-1 SW by S.
51-7 | 49-4 2-3 0-3 | 0-0
54-2 | 51-2 3-0 51-9 1-1 0-4 SW by S.
57-7 | 53-3 | 4.4 41-5 1:0 | 0-7 | SWbyS.
57-6 | 53-6 4-0 0-149 16 | 0-6 SW by 8.
56-2 | 52-6 3-6 13 | 0-8 SSW.
57-0 | 53-0 4-0 0-8 | 0-8 SW.
54:2 | 50-1 4-1 1-6 1:3 SW.
50-9 | 48-0 2-9 1-2 | 0-4 SW.
49-8 | 47-3 2-5 0-7 | 0-3 Sw.
47-3 | 46-5 0:8 0-2 | 0-0
50-0 | 47-6 2-4 60-7 0-4 | 0-3 WSW
50-8 | 47-7 3-1 46-6 0-2 | 0-0
54-7 | 49-7 5-0 0-064 0-4 | O-1 Wsw.
53-0 | 49-3 3-7 0-7 | 0-2 SW.
54:2 | 53-1 1-1 0-6 | 0-0
54:2 | 50-1 4-1 0-5 | 0-2 SW by W.
51:0 | 49-3 1-7 0-3 | 0-0
49-0 | 47-9 1-1 0-0 | 0-0

56-9
oo 42.9 3.0

Clouds moving from

———__

NE by E.
NE by E.
NE.

ENE.

ENE.
ENE.
ENE,
ENE.
E by N.
ENE.
ENE.

SW by W.
SW by W.
SW by W.
SW by W.
SW by
SW.

SSW : SSW?
Sby W: SSW.
S by W.

S by W.

Clouds, |

0-10.
10-0
10-0
10-0
10-0
10-0
10-0

10-0 |
10-0

OBSERVATIONS, May 22—28. 1843.

—

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &.

h.
0. Scud ; rain.
@. Id.; id.
4
6.

i Id.; id.
'} 6. Scotch mist.

| 8. Y
10. Id.
| 18. Thick Scotch mist.
‘| 20. Id.

‘| 22. Homogeneous scud ; light drizzle.
| 0. Id. ; id.
2. Id. ; id.

4. Id. ; rain.

6. Scotch mist.
8. Scud; Scotch mist; very thick to N. and W.; clearing to E. and SE.
10. Scotch mist.

18. Homogeneous scud; mist.
20. Td: id.
22. Scud, breaking ; mist.

0. Id.; rain.

2. Id.; mist.
4. Id. + cirrous clouds and haze.
6. Id. + id.
8. Loose seud ; light rain.
10. Id; id.
18. Rain.
20. Id.
22. Thin scud, falling in rain + dense watery-like cirro-stratus.
0. Id., id. - id.
2. Id., id. — id.
4. Id., id. - id. ; breaking to S.

6. Id., +— dense cirro-stratus and haze ; sky to SE.

} 8. Chiefly woolly cirri and cirrous haze + scud to NW.; cirro-strati on E. horizon; sky to E.

10. Nearly as before; strips of feathered cirri pointing from SW. to NE.

18. Masses of scud and cumuli to SW.; cumulo-strati on S. horizon.
20. Scud : cirrous seud + cirro-strati and cumuli to S. and E.
22. Loose-edged cumuli: cirrous clouds, moving slower + cumulo-sirati on horizon.
0. Loose cumuli + cirrous clouds ; a shower lately ; rain to SW.
2. Id. - id. ; slight shower.
4. Scud and loose-edged cumuli + cirro-cumulous clouds, stationary.
6. Scud and loose cumuli + masses of cirrous clouds above.
8. Sky covered with a sort of grey cirrous mass, falling in a slight shower; scud on horizon.
10. Cirro-cumulous scud.

18. Scud + cirro-strati all round ; light drizzle.
20. Id. + cirro-strati on S. and E. horizon.

2. Id. + id. NE. horizon.
m0. Id.
. Id.

2
4, Id.; a few drops of rain.

6. Id. + cirrous clouds and haze to E.
is. Id.

10. Light rain.

MAG. AND MET. ozs. 1843.

2x

129

Observer’s
Initial.

Sdvntwdsy woddbuwdd weddwnnds deeduwwdd ww ddwwwds daodduw

130 DaiLty METEOROLOGICAL

B THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER.

6ttingen ‘ms Pies ¥

Mean Time BeEOS Bia ai
of MSS ; Max. ||GauGr. * | Direction of

. Corrected. is Diff. . === a
Observation. and Min. pe Wind.

Clouds moving from

d. oh. = in. . 5. Ss.
May 28 18 0 . . : 2-2 : SW : W by N.
SSW.

May 29

cooooco

ocoooo oo

Various.
Various : W by 8.
W?: WbyS.
ESE,

ENE.
ENE.

185

29-110
29-094 : ; i . ;
29-092 ; ; : ; : SSW.
29-084 . . : E
29-057 : : ; E ‘ NE by E.
29.032 ; : : : 7 | NEby N,
28-983 ; f : : .5 | NE by N.
28-976 . b 4 . dl NNE.

28-970 ; F : ; .6 | NEbyN.

28-994 : ; : : NYE.
29-046 s 4 Ki cf i N by E.
29-118 . c r H N by E.
29-175 : F A : B NNE.
29-234 || 46-5 : . . 7 NE by N.
29-277 || 45-2 . . : : NE by N.

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 |
0
0
0
0

!

May 31475. New silk put upon the wet bulb thermometer.
June 24 22h, The maximum temperature given is rather doubtful. The maximum at one time was observed to be 61°5.
an accurate indicate, the leap must have been sudden.

<i pore
NONS2 Smapwo

oh
18.

20.

22,
5/0.
2.
«4,
«6.
8.
10.

©)

SOD

NS

>

L. Homogeneous scud ; mist; light rain just commenced.

10.
8.
50

22.
~—(—0.

| 24
a

. Thick cirro-cumulous scud ; sky to N.

. Scud ; light rain. °

B. Seud ; light rain.

OBSERVATIONS, May 28—June 3. 1843. 131

SPECIES OF CLOUDs, &e. z 3
28

iS)

Patches of seud moving quickly: scud + linear cirri; line of scud creeping along N. horizon. Snow

seen on some of the surrounding hills, and lying on the ground an hour ago. B
Scud and loose cumuli. B
. Ww
Id. W
Id. ; passing showers. Ww
Send ; raining, heavy shower of hail lately ; sky to N. Ww

Low masses of scud and cumuli: cirrous haze and cirro-cumuli +- long ranges of cumuli and nimbi, of
great height, to E.; raining heavily to E. and S.; sky electric looking.

Scud + ranges of cumulo-strati to N.; patches of mottled cirri.

Loose cumuli +~ cirrous clouds.

p is more dense +~ scud and cumuli on N. horizon; sky getting more to NE.
Scud and loose cumuli +~ cirrous clouds to NE.

Id. + thin cirri to E.

Id. + linear cirri to NE., lying WNW. to ESE.; raining heavily toS. At227™ black,

loose, ragged scud began to move from N., W., and E., and the wind began to blow 0-7 Ib. from SSW.

Scud moving from various directions, chiefly from SW. by S., and also from N. by E.; rain.
Patches of scud moving from E., NE., and W.: cirro-cumulous scud + cumulo-strati to S.; rain.
Patches of scud : cirro-cumulous scud + thick cirrous haze; solar halo.

Id.; rain.
Id.; heavy rain.

Homogeneous ; light drizzle.
: id.

Scud ; light rain.
Td’; :

; id
Id. ; id.
Id.; id.
Id. ; id.
Td. ; id.
Id. ; id.
Id.; id.
Id. ; id.
Id. ; id.
Id.; id.
Id.; id.
Id. ; id.
Id. ; id.

Scud, nearly homogeneous ; light mist ; broken a little to E. and ESE.
Scud + cirrous clouds.

Id.

Id. up, moving from NE.
Homogeneous scud ; half an hour ago the clouds were moving from S., the wind changed suddenly to NNE., and a lower stratum of scud sprung

Id.; id. ; id.

Td. ; id.

Scud + an opening to NNE. where cirrous clouds are seen.
Id.
Id. + cirro-strati on NNE. horizon.
Id.
Id.; light rain.
Id.; id.

widduw ddundddnw doduddduw dddudddew dgueg sauw ddo

132 Dairy METEOROLOGICAL

me THERMOMETERS, ANEMOMETER.
Gottingen ae Eee , Quan- |
: a ad METER : Max. ||Gauer.|| P*eS¥re- | Direction of || Clouds moving from be
Observation. Corrected.|/ Dry. | Wet. | Diff. |naMin. alps Wind. Clouds. |
da oh m \° es y 2 i in, Ibs. Tbs. 0—10. }
June 3 6 O | 29-313 |) 44-3 | 43-2 1-1 1-4 | 0:3 NE by N. NNE. 10-0 |
8 0 360 || 43-7 | 42-6 1-1 1-2 | 0-5 NE. NNE. 10-0
10 0 396 || 43-9 | 43-3 | 0-6 0-9 | 0-7 | NEbyN. NNE. 10-0 |
June 4 0 0 4g |ooor | 1-2
18 0 || 29-660 || 43-7 | 41-8 | 1-9 1-8 | 0-5 NE. NE. 10-0
20 0 682 || 43-9 | 40-8 3-1 48-8 1-1 | 0-6 NE by E. NE. 10-0
22 0 690 || 44:0 | 40-5 | 3:5 42.7 15 | 0.7 NE. NE? 10-0
June 5 0 O 693 || 43-1 | 41-5 | 1:6 0.092 1-2 | 0-7 NE. 10:0
2 0 694 || 43-4 | 41-8 | 1-6 1-2 | 0-6 | NEby N 10-0
4 0 687 || 44-1 | 41-7 2-4 15 | 0-7 NE. 10-0
6 0 682 || 42-6 | 41-3 1:3 0-8 | 0-8 NE by N 10-0
8 0 695 | 42-2 | 41-6 0-6 0-9 | 0-2 NE by N 10-0
10 0 691 || 42-1 | 41-3 0-8 0-5 | 0-4 NNE. NNE 10-0
18 0 29-688 || 43-7 | 43-0 0-7 0-6 | 0-0 10-0
20 0 700 || 46-6 | 45-0 1-6 43-9 0-4 | 0-3 NNE. NNE 10-0
22 0 711 || 48-0 | 46-4 1-6 41-3 0-5 | 0-4 NNE. NNE. 10-0
June 6 0 O 711 || 49-2 | 47-3 1-9 0-170 0-4 | 0-2 | NEbyN NNE. 10-0
2 0 714 || 49-5 | 47-0 2-5 0-6 | 0-2 N. N by E. 10-0
4 0 706 || 52-4 | 48-9 3-5 0-2 | 0-0 N by W. 9-9
6 30) 690 || 51-9 | 48-6 3-3 0-0 | 0-0 N by W. 9-9
$20 680 | 51-4 | 48-5 2-9 0-1 | O-1 N by W. N. 9.9
10 O 667 || 48-2 | 46-4 1:8 0-0 | 0-0 N. 10-0
18 0 || 29-571 || 47-8 | 46-0 1:8 0:0 | 0-0 10-0
20 0 559 || 51-4 | 47-3 4-1 59.3 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 |
22 0 534 || 52-7 | 46-8 | 5-9 45-5 0-6 | 0-5 WSW Ww. 9.3
June 7 0 O 502 || 53-4 | 47-2 6-2 0.006 0-3 | 0-5 WSsW. 5-0
2 0 457 || 57-0 | 51-0 6-0 0-3 | 0-6 S by W. Wwsw. 10-0
4 0 419 || 56-2 | 52-8 | 3.4 0-6 | 0-2 SW by 8. SSW. 9-9
6:0 359 || 56-3 | 53-9 2-4 0-3 | 0-0 SSW. 9-9
8 0 299 || 55-4 | 51-9 3-5 0-4 | 0-4 S by E. 8. 9-9
10 0 225 || 53-3 | 50-8 2-5 1-1 | 0-5 SSE. S by E. 10-0
18 0 28-912 || 53-3 | 50-2 3-1 2-2) 1-2 SSE. S by W. 3-0
20 0 881 || 53-8 | 50-0 3:8 59-0 2-6 | 1-2 8. S by W. 7-0
22 0 854 || 56-3 | 51:5 4-8 49-3 3-6 | 1-4 S by W. 8. 10-0
June 8 0 0 836 || 55-0 | 50-8 | 4-2 oiss Ps? Pot | Smears: S by W. 9-5
2 0 809 || 58-0 | 52-9°| 5-1 3-4 | 1-8 | Sby W. SSW. 8-0
4 0 789 || 58-0 | 53-0 5-0 3-3 | 2-4 | Sby W.v S by W. 9-0
6 0 776 || 53-6 | 50-1 3-5 2:8 | 0-4 S by W. S by W. 9-8
8 0 747 || 54:0 | 49-2 4:8 2-4 | 0-7 Sby E. 8 9-9
10 0 716 || 52-2 | 48-7 3-5 2-0 | 2-8 SSE. 8 10:0
18 0 | 28-618 || 50-7 | 49.2 | 1-5 2-7 | 0-4 | Sby E. S by W. 10:0
20 0 28-656 || 53-0 | 51-9 1-1 59.2 0-3 | 0-0 W. 10:0 |
22 0 28-726 || 56-7 | 52-0 4-7 49-1 0-7 | 0-5 W by 8. W. by N. 9-7 |
June 9 0 O 28-804 || 53-3 | 48-8 4-5 0-118 *o | ira W by 8. Ww. 9-9 |
2 0 |] 28-860 || 55-2 | 50-2 5-0 19 | 1-6 | W byS.v. WwW 10-0 |
4 0 28-915 || 58-2 | 51-4 6:8 2-4 | 1-3 Wsw. WwW 9.8 |
6 0 28-966 || 54-6 | 50-7 3-9 2-9 1-2 WS8W. v. We 9-8 |
8 0 | 29-019 | 52.9 | 49-6 | 3.3 2-1 | 0-6 | SW by W. Ww. 10-0 |
10 0O || 29-078 || 52-0 | 48-7 3:3 1-9 | 16 W.y. Ww. 10-0 ||
18s 0 29-248 || 51-2 | 48-3 2-9 1-9 | 0:8 Ww. W:NwW. 9-7
20 0 315 || 52-7 | 49-5 32 57.0 1:0 | 0-6 W.v. Nw. 9-9 |
20°50 370 || 57-6 | 51-8 | 5-8 49-6 1:0 | 1-2 | NWbyN.v.||W: NW by W: NNW. 4.0 | .

June 74, Several swallows found dead, either from the cold or the want of food.
June 94, The River Tweed about 5 feet above its mean height.

SH SHHBRwS!

OBSERVATIONS, JUNE 3—9. 1843.
SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

Scud ; smart showers.
Id.; light rain.
Id.

Spor

ar

Id.; a few drops of rain.
Id

S 9

Id.; light rain.
Id.; id.
Id. ; rain.
Id.
Rain.
Td.
Scud ; rain.

5

Homogeneous scud.

Scud.

Id.; a few drops of rain.

us id., occasionally ; clouds breaking.

d.
Scud and loose cumuli ; sky to N.
Id. ; id. E.
Cirro-cumulous scud, moving very slowly + cumuli on N. horizon; cirro-strati to E.
id, id. id.

Cirro-cumulo-strati, stationary ; cumulo-strati and cirro-strati on E. horizon.

Id. [very lately.
Cirro-cumulo-strati, moving slowly + cirro-strati to N. and E.; black to S. ; the wind commenced blowing
Cirrous scud and loose cumuli.

Scud.

Id.; sky to SSE.

Id. + cirro-strati to E.; a shower of misty rain half an hour ago.
8. Id. +- cumuli to N.; cirro-strati to E.
10. Cirro-cumulo-strati.

8. Scud + cumuli on E, horizon.
20. Id. + id. ; a few drops of rain.
22. Id.; light rain.

0. Id. + cirrous clouds; cumuli on horizon.

2. Id. +— mottled cirri and cirrous haze ; heavy showers occasionally.

. Scud and loose cumuli +~ linear and woolly cirri and patches of cirrous haze; heavy showers occasionally.

6. Scud + cirrous clouds.
8. Id., some of it very low + cirrous haze.

0. Id.; light rain.

18. Id.; the clouds have a bluish appearance to E.; a few drops of rain.
20. Id.; light rain.

22. Scud and cumulo-strati + cirrous clouds.

0. Scud; occasional showers ; sky to W.

2. Id.; id.

. Id. + cirrous clouds; drops of rain.

6. Id. + id.

OD thoe

PLONSH SHapwok

o

8. Id.

0. Id.

18. Patches of loose scud to S.: cirrous scud +~ large cirro-cumuli and thick masses of cirro-strati and haze.
20. Dense mass of cirro-stratus + patches of scud to S.; broken to N.; shower of rain. [horizon.

22. Scud: scud: cumuli and cirro-strati; currents ofthe lowest scud varying from N. to W.; cumulo-strati on

MAG. AND MET. oBgs. 1843. ; Qu

—_
1s)
vw

Observer’s
Tnitial.

adv |

wee Wedron es bw sdewwsd we ddonwds ww sds wodsowowdd

134 Datty METEOROLOGICAL

seaze, THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER,
Gottingen
Mean Time Baro- Rain -
of METER } Mase | |Gkcar Pressure. ierectiontan Clouds moving from
Observation. Corrected.|| Dry. | Wet. | Diff. |naMin, Wind.
Max. | Pres.
Che | ye ik in. 2 i? 2) in, Tbs. lbs.
June 10 0 O || 29-419 | 57-8 | 51:6 | 6-2 0.920 | 22 | 1:8 | NW by N. v.] WNW: Nw by Ww: WNW.
20 471 || 54-0 | 51-9 | 2-1 3-5 | 1:3 W. v. NW by N: NW by N:
4 0 504 || 61-2 | 53-0 | 8-2 2:0 | 1-4 | WNW. v. Nw by N.
6 0 548 || 59-2 | 51-8 | 7-4 2-2 | 1-7 Nw. Nw by N: NNW.
8 0 612 || 55-6 | 50-2 5-4 1:7 | 0-9 NNW. NNW.
10 0 665 || 52-3 | 49-0 | 3:3 0-6 | 0-0 NNE.
62-1
June ll O O 45-5 1-6
18 0] 29.982 || 48-5 | 46-0 | 2-5 1-7 | 0-0 NNE.
20 0 980 || 49-2 | 47-0 2-2 58.4 0-3 | 0-2 NE. NNE.
22 0 988 || 49-3 | 47-1 2-2 48-6 0-4 | 0-4 | NEbyN. NNE.
June 12 0 0 990 || 50-2 | 46-5 | 3-7 0.078 | 95 | O4 | NE by. NE by N.
2 0 986 || 51-2 | 48-3 2-9 0-5 | 0-4 NE by N. NE by N.
4 0 979 || 50-6 | 47-6 | 3-0 0-5 | 0-4 | NEbyN. NE.
6 0 980 || 48-5 | 45-8 | 2-7 0-6 | 0-3 | NEbyN. NE by EB.
8 0 976 || 46-1 | 44-6 | 1-5 0-7 | 0-2 | NEby N. NB by E.
LOO) 985 || 45-2 | 44-0 1-2 0-4 | 0-1 NE by N. NE by E.
18 0] 29-969 || 44:3 | 43-8 | 0-5 0-5 | 0-2 | NEbyN. NNE.
20 0 970 || 46:0 | 44.4 1-6 52.6 0-6 | 0-2 NE by N. NN?
22 0 970 || 47-2 | 45-5 1-7 43:3 0-5 | 0-4 | NEby N. NE by N?
June 13 0 0 949 || 51-8 | 48-5 | 3-3 0.010 | 5 | 06 | NB by N. NNE.
20) 945 || 51-4 | 48-7 2-7 1-2 | 0-7 NE by N.
4 0 932 || 50-4 | 48-8 1-6 0-8 | 0:3 NE by N. NE?
6 0 935 || 49-8 | 48-2 1-6 0-5 | 0-2
8 0 935 || 48-0 | 47-1 0-9 0-4 | 0-3 NE.
10 0 956 || 47-4 | 46-7 | 0-7 0-4 | 0-0
18 0} 29-953 || 49-4 | 48-3 1-1 0-3 | 0-0 NE?
20 0 956 || 53-9 | 51:0 | 2-9 51.9 0-4 | 0-4 | NE by B. ENE.
22 0 955 || 56-9 | 53-5 | 3-4 43-5 0-7 | 0-5 | NEbyN. ENE.
June 14 0 0 963 || 59-3 | 55-3 | 4-0 0.005 1:3 | 1:3 NE. ENE.
250 957 || 59-3 | 55-6 | 3-7 1-2 | 0-7; ENE. ? ENE.
4 0 956 || 58-8 | 54-6 | 4-2 1-4 | 0-5 | NEbyN.
6 0 946 || 58-7 | 55-0 3-7 0-8 | 0:5 NE by E.
8 0 960 || 55-8 | 52-7 3-1 0-6 | 0-4 NE. v.
10 0 991 || 50-0 | 49.0 1-0 0-5 | 0-0
18 0 29-985 || 52:0 | 49.0 3-0 3 0-6 | 0-0 EB?
20 0 996 || 55-0 | 51-0 | 4-0 60-6 0-1 | 0-2 ENE.
22: 0 991 || 58-9 | 54-4 4:5 471 0-4 | 0-2 ENE.
June 15 0 O 982 || 64-2 | 57-1 7-1 0.000 0:5 | 0-6 ENE. BH?
20 979 || 64-4 | 57-7 | 6-7 0-8 | 0-6 ENE.
4 0 966 || 64:0 | 57-1 6-9 0-8 | 0-5 NE. v.
6 0 945 || 64-8 | 56-4 | 8-4 0-6 | 0-5 | NE by BE. v.
8 0 951 || 62-3 | 55-8 | 6-5 0-5 | 0-1 | NE by E.
10 0 967 || 53-1 | 49-7 | 3-4 0-4 | 0-0
18 0 || 29-939))) 50-2 | 49.0 | 1-2 0-0 | 0-0 E.
20 0 931 || 57-1 53-1 4:0 65-4 0-0 | 0-0
22 0 922 || 62-1 56-0 6-1 0-1 | O-1 ENE.
41-5
June 16 0 0 911 | 65-7 | 56.0 | 9.7 0-000 | 9.6 | 0.6 | NNE. v.
2540 905 || 66-7 | 57-0 | 9-7 || 1:0 | @-7 | NE by N.

es
f OBSERVATIONS, JUNE 10—16. 1843. 135
¢

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. E =
2 4
h.
0. Scud: scud : large sheet of cirrous-fringed cloud rising from W. and falling in rain ; a few drops here.
2. Scud: cumuli and nimbi; a shower approaching. 1» 25™ a heavy shower of rain, then of hail, followed
by lightning and thunder; loud peals distant about 1 mile at an altitude of 45°. B
_ 4, Scud and cumuli. w
6. Id. to SE. : cirro-cumulous seud + masses of cirro-cumuli and cirrous clouds, WwW
8. Scud ; light rain. B
10. Cirrous scud. B

18. Seud.
20. Id.
22. Id.
0. Id.
e 2. Id.
4 ‘Id.
6. Id. ..
8. Id.; a few drops of rain.
| (10. Id.
} 18. Id.; drizzle.
) 20. Id.

| 22. Id.
| Id. + woolly and mottled cirri.

Id.; light mist.
Td.
Id.

18. Thin low floating scud ; mist.
0. Strings of seud ; cirro-strati to S.
Patches of scud moving quickly and becoming dispersed ; cirri.
Patches of scud +— masses of woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli to S. and W.
Masses of scud near horizon.

0.
2. :
4. Id.
6.
8
0.

Id.
Id.
Homogeneous scud.

18. Scud on E. and §. horizon.
20. Id.
22. Clear.
0. Id.; a few small patches of scud to S.

2. Id.; id.

4. One or two specks of seud to SE. and S.

6. Not a speck of cloud to be seen.

8. Cirrous haze and cirro-strati forming to NE.

(0. Woolly cirri, cirro-cumuli, cirro-strati, and cirrous haze to N. and NE. all tinged with red.

dduuddduu duowdddow dguugddue ddnddudaw

18. Cirrous haze and long feathers of woolly cirri pointing from NE., linear cirri pointing from E., moving slowly. Beautiful solar halo, incomplete
near the horizon, with parhelia ; the parhelia are elongated from the sun ; at the vertex of the arch there is also a large bright mass 3° or 4° broad;
the halo has a reddish-brown colour, and the parhelia are like suns seen through a thick haze. 184 4™. The parhelia to the south and at the
vertex of the halo are in a thickish woolly cirrus, the parhelion to the north is in a homogeneous mass of haze or compact linear cirri.

20. Cirrous haze and linear cirri—no halo.

22. Id. id. Distinct solar halo; brightest and of a brownish-red colour at the east and
west points, less distinct and white at the north and south points.
0. As before. The halo still visible but faint.
2. Mottled and woolly cirri to SW. lying WNW. to ESE.

a44 why

136 Datty METEOROLOGICAL

nee THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER,
Gottingen
Mean Time Banos RaIn 2
As METER ; Max. ||Gavex.|| Pressure. Direction of Clouds moving from
neanvation Corrected.|| Dry..| Wet. | Diff. |onqmin. Saal wand
Max. | Pres.
da oh m in. 5 , 3 a in. Tbs. Tbs.
June 16 4 0] 29-894 || 65-1 | 56-0 | 9-1 0-7 | 0-7 NE. E.
6 0 894 || 63-8 | 53-0 | 10-8 0-6 | 0-3 | NEby N.
8 0 893 || 59-2 | 50-4 | 8-8 0-4 | 0-4 | NEby N.
10 0 899 || 51-0 | 48-0 | 3-0 0:0 | 0-0
18 0 || 29-909 || 49-1 | 46-9 | 2.2 0-2 | 0-1 | NE by N? NNE.
20 0 925 || 50-4 | 47-1 3-3 66-5 0-4 | 0-3 NE by N. NNE.
22 0 915 || 52-3 | 48-6 3-7 42-0 0-4 | 0-2 NE by N. NNE.
June 17 0 0 906 || 55-9 | 51-7 | 4:2 9-000 0-4 | 0-4 NE by N. NNE.
2 0 897 || 54-9 | 51-0 3-9 0-4 | 0-3 ENE. E.
4 0 863 || 58-0 | 53-0 5:0 0-2 | 0-1 NE by E.
6 0 842 || 61-0 | 55-0 | 6-0 0-1 | O-1 NE by E.
S00 844 || 54-9 | 51-3 3-6 0-3 | 0-3 NE.
10 0 852 || 47-2 | 46-6 0-6 0-3 | O-1 NE.
61-9
June 18 0 0 2 Wa53 0-000 || 0-2
18 0 || 29-807 || 46-6 | 45-8 0-8 0-5 | 0-5 NE by N. NE by N. *
20 0 816 || 48-0 | 46-3 1-7 58.4 0-6 | 0-4 | NEbyN. NE by N.
22 0 828 || 48-8 | 46-3 2-5 45.4 0-6 | 0-5 NE by N. NE by N.
June 19 0 0 835 || 50-8 | 47-8 | 3-0 0.007 || 9:9 | 04 | NE by N. NE by N.
2 0 843 || 52-0 | 48-6 | 3-4 1:0 | 0-5 NE by N. NNE.
4 8 843 || 51-0 | 48-0 3-0 0-8 | 0-3 NE by N. NE by N.
6 0 842 || 51-5 | 48-0 | 3-5 0-4 | 0-2 NE by N. NNE.
i) 864 || 49-5 | 46-2 3-3 0-4 | 0-2 NE by N. NNE?:N.
10 0 890 || 46-0 | 44-3 1:7 0-1 | 0-0 NNE
18 0 || 29-929 || 47:3 | 44-0 | 3-3 0-2 | 0-0 N.
20 0 938 || 51-1 | 47-0 | 4-1 52.5 0-0 | 0-0 NNE.
22 0 952 || 55-3 | 50-0 5:3 44.3 0-2 | 0-1 NE by N. NNW.
June 20 0 0 951 || 55-8 | 50-2 5-6 0-000 0-1 | O-1 E? NNW, W, ssw.
2 0 945 || 59-8 | 53-2 6-6 -1 | 0-0 SW by 8. Ww?
4 0 917 || 63-7 | 55-6 8-1 0-1 | 0-0 ESE.
6 0 886 || 66-1 | 57-7 8-4 0-1 | 0-0
8) 10 869 || 58-8 | 53-8 5:0 0-1 | 0-0 NNE. N by W.
10 0 864 || 56-0 | 53-9 | 2-1 0-1 | 0-0 | SW by W
18 0] 29-745 || 54:2 | 51-0 | 3-2 0-8 | 0-6 SW by S. Nw.
20 0 737 || 56:2 | 53-6 2-6 69-1 15 | 0:3 WSW WSW : W.
22 0 727 || 59-1 | 54:2 | 4-9 49-4 0-7 | 14 | SW by W WwW
June 21 0 0 732 || 60-2 | 54-4 5:8 0-000 1:0 | 0-2 WSsw. W
2 0 717 || 63-1 | 56-7 | 6-4 1-0 | 1-0 W by 8. w.
40 713 || 64:7 | 56-7 | 8-0 1-1 | 0-8 WSw. W by N
6 0 696 || 63:3 | 56-3 7:0 1-1 | 1:0 | WNW. v.
8 0 703 || 61-7 | 54-8 6-9 0-9 | 0-7 W.v
10 0 741 || 53-4 | 50-2 3-2 0-2 | 0-0
18 0 || 29-792 || 51-3 | 48-1 3-2 0-0 | 0-0 W by N
20 0 813 || 57-0 | 51-0 | 6-0 66-2 0-0 | 0-0
22 0 818 || 59-4 | 52-2 7-2 46-1 0:0 | 0-0
June 22 0 0 821 || 61-0 | 52-1 | 8-9 0-000 || 9 | 0-0 Why, Ne
2 0 819 || 62:7 | 54:0 | 8-7 0-1 | 0-0 Nw.
4 0 815 || 63-7 | 54-7 9-0 0-2 | 0-3 ENE. Nw.
6 0 804 || 64-02) 54-82] 9-2 0-1 | 0-0
8 0 815 || 60-8 | 54-2 | 66 0-0 | 0-0
10 0 837 || 52-3 | 49-1 3-2 0-3 | 0-2 NE by N.

OBSERVATIONS, JUNE 16—22. 1843. BYE

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

Observer’s
Initial.

} x Linear and mottled cirri lying principally N. and S., moving very slowly.

_ 6. Reticulated cirri pointing N. to S. and E. to W.; sky very white on horizon.
8. Woolly and mottled cirri.

10. Woolly and woven cirri and cirrous haze.

18. Scud; sky in zenith.
20. Id.
22. Id.
0. Id.
2. Masses of scud, apparently two currents, the mean direction of which is from about E.
4, Small patches of scud and cirrous haze to E.
_ 6. Cirrous haze on E. horizon.
8. Id.
10. Homogeneous misty scud.

fader gdaunw aqun

18. Scud; a few drops of rain.
| 20. Id.
mez. Id.
0. Id.
2 id.
4. Id.
6. Id.
8. Scud: woolly cirri, moving slowly ; cirro-strati to E. and N.
Q. Waved mass of cirro-cumuli, streaked, reddish, and bluish, NE. horizon red. About an hour ago the sky began to be covered with fine cirro-

cumuli, which assumed, in masses, forms like wayes or undulations, the forms varying much and the cirro-cumuli becoming larger ; they
j moved very rapidly from NNE. (quick moving cirro-cumuli are rarely seen.)

widuwwds

18. Cirro-stratous scud moving very slowly.
| 20. Scud, moving slowly.
| 22. Large masses of cirrous-edged cirro-cumulo-strati.
0. Patches of cirrous scud from various directions, chiefly from NNW. ; cirrous haze on horizon.
2, Seud ; cirrous haze on horizon.
4, Woolly and curled cirri and cirrous haze; band of cumulo-strati to S.
6. Thick mass of cirrous clouds and haze.
8. Varieties of cirri, scattered in all directions over the sky, moving very slowly.
10. Masses of cirri and cirrous haze.

18. Cirro-cumulo-strati and large cirro-cumuli, moving slowly + mottled cirri.
20. Scud to S.: cirro-cumulo-strati.
22. Mottled, ragged, and other kinds of scud + dense cirro-cumuli and cirrous haze ; electric-looking.
0. Seud + cirro-strati and linear cirri.
2. Scud and loose cumuli +~ cirri to 8.
Scud and loose cumuli.

4,
6. 5
8. Cirro-strati on horizon.
0. Id. to E. and N.; red to N.
8. Cirro-cumulous scud + cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri; cumulo-strati on E. and S, horizon.
0. Cirro-strati diverging from NW.; dark cumuli to N.; cirro-cumuli to E. and S.
2. Cirro-cumulous-cirrous-edged cumuli; fine linear cirri.
Q. Scud and cumuli + cirrous haze on E. horizon.

. Cirrous-edged cumuli + masses of woolly cirri.

2

A

2
3 in detached masses + masses of cirro-cumuli to E.

6. Patches of cumuli on horizon.

8. Cirrous scud.

10. Red and grey cirro-cumuli to N.; haze to E.

vUmSeuoetns dusessunds wwddnowad a

| ss MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. 2™

138

Gottingen
Mean Time
of
Observation.

de he
June 22 18
20
22
June 23 0

June 24 0

June 25 0

June 26 0

June 27 0

June 28 0

June 29 0
2

coooo ocooocoooooo scoeocececec cocececoso

Baro-
METER

Corrected.

in.
29-875
871

DaiLty METEOROLOGICAL

THERMOMETERS.
Dry. | Wet. | Diff. el
49-3 | 47-9 | 1-4
53-0 | 50-4 | 2-6
58-3 | 54.0 | 4.3 aes
62:8 | 56-9 | 5.9
69-8 | 61-2 | 8-6
62:3 | 56-0 | 63
63-0 | 56:5 | 65
59-8 | 54-0 | 5-8
53-9 | 50-2 | 3-7
50-0 | 48-6 | 1-4
56-8 | 52:2 | 4.6
59-8 | 54.8 | 5-0 gee
62-9 | 55-9 | 7-0
60-1 | 55-2 | 4.9
62:0 | 56:0 | 6.0
60-7 | 55-3 | 5-4
52-9 | 48-2 | 4.7
48-4 | 47-2 | 1-2

63-9
47-2
49-9 | 47-0 | 2-9
50-2 | 47-8 | 24
52-2 | 48-6 | 3-6 Ae
543 | 49-9 | 4.4
58-7 | 52:6 | 6-1
58-4 | 52-7 | 5-7
56-2 | 52-5 | 3-7
52-3 | 49-7 | 2.6
50-2 | 48:0 | 2.2
49-9 | 47-9 | 2.0
50-7 | 48-2 | 2.5
51-7 | 49-2 | 2.5 oe
52:9 | 49-6 | 3.3
53-9 | 49-3 | 4.6
548 | 48-5 | 6-3
52-0 | 46-8 | 5-2
50-1 | 45-7 | 4-4
46-3 | 42-7 | 3.6
46-4 | 43-6 | 28
49-4 | 45-0 | 4.4
51-6 | 45-6 | 6.0 aa
52-9 | 46-7 | 6-2
53-3 | 46-7 | 6-6
52-2 | 46.0 | 6-2
53-2 | 46-7 | 6-5
50-0 | 44-2 | 5-8
44.6 | 42:3 | 23
47-8 | 44-1 | 3-7
50-2 | 46-2 | 4.0
524 | 46-1 | 63 | 328
56:3 | 49.0 | 7-3
56-1 | 50-4 | 5-7

June 234 34, Extra boards put round the sides of the thermometer case to guard the thermometers more effectually from the sun.

0-000

0-000

0-000

0-000

0:000

0-000

0-000

ANEMOMETER.
Pressure, Direction of

Max. | Pres. Weeoe
Ibs. lbs.
0-5 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-1 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
Onl WO.8 NE by N.
0-9 1-2 NE by E
1-0 0-2 NE.
0-5 | 0-3 NE.
0-4 0-1 NE by N
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-2 NE.
0-2 | 0-1 NE by N
0-1 0-1 NE by E.
0-2 | 0.2 NE by E.
0-3 | 0-2 ENE.
0-5 | 0-4 ENE,
0-4 | 0-1 ENE
0-1 | 0-1 ENE.
0-5
0-5 | 0-1 NE by N
0-3 | 0.2 NNE.
0-3 | 0-2 NE by N
0-5 | 0-2 NE by E
0-5 | 0-3 NE.
05 | 0-2 NE.
0-5 | 0-4 NE.
0-3 | 0-2 NE.
0-2 | 0-0
0-5 | 0-2 NE.
03 | 0-3 NNE.
0-4 | 0-3 NNE.
1:0 | 0-5 NE by N
1-2 | 0-8 NNE.
2-0 1-4 NE.
16 | 0-5 NE by N
15 | 1-0 NE.
0-8 | 0-4 N by B
1-4 | 0-6 N.
22 | 15 N.
2:8 | 1-7 N by W,
18 | 1-6 N.
2-8 | 1-2 N.
2-2 | 0-7 NNE.
1-6 | 1-4 N by B
1:3 | 0-4 N by E
0-6 | 0-0
0-1 | 0-1 NNW.
0-2 | O1 NNW.
0-3 | 0-2 N.
0-2 | 0-2 Nw.
0-4 | 0-0

NNE, N, NNW: NNE.
NNE.

NNE.

NNE.

N by E, NNE: NW.
N by E.
NNE: NW.

N by B.

N: N by E.
N:Nbyk.
N by E.
N.

N.

N.

N by E.
NNW.
NNW.

N by W.

POEDGOSOO wr

5-0

i. OBSERVATIONS, JUNE 22—29. 1843. 139

10. Smoky scud : cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri + large red sheets of cirri and cirro-cumuli to N.

|
ae
Species oF CLoups, &c. 2 3
| Za
S)
yh.
| 18. Fog. Ww
| 20. Seud. Ww
] 22. Cirro-strati to ENE. B
| 0. Patches of small loose cumuli. B
} 2. Loose-edged cumuli: large cirro-cumuli. WwW
_ 4, Cirro-cumuli-strati + cumulo-strati to S. Ww
i 6. Id. +— cirrous haze on horizon. Ww
i 8. Id., thick to E. and becoming haze, lying in lines from NW. B
| 10. Id. + bank of cirrous clouds to E.; sky hazy. B
18. Loose scud on E. horizon ; slight haze. Ww
20. Masses of scud. Ww
22. Cirrous scud. B
| 0. Small cirrous-edged cumuli. B
| 2. Seud, two currents meeting: mottled and reticulated cirri. B
| 4. Loose cirro-cumuli + patches of scud to W. and NE.; masses of woolly and mottled cirri. Ww
_ 6. Patches of scud to E. Ww
| 28. Id. B
| 10. Thin smoky scud, becoming bluish to SE. B
|
{
18. Scud
| 20. Id.
| 22. Id.
0. Id.
2. Loose cumuli: woolly cirri.
4. Cirrous scud and loose cumuli, various currents.
6. Id.
8. Scud; a streak of cirrus to NE.
|
| 18. Scud
20. Id
22. Id.
Bo. Ia.
2. Ia.
| 4. Loose-edged cumuli, cumulo-strati and cirro-stratous scud : cirro-cumuli.
| 6. Scud.
| 8. Scud and loose cumuli: cirro-stratous scud and cirro-cumuli + cumulo-strati on N. and S. horizon.
10. Masses of scud.
| 18. fa : woolly cirri and large thin cirro-cumuli; a few drops of rain; showers around.
20. Id.: id.
22. Id.: cirro-cumulo-strati.
0. Scud and loose cumuli.
| 2. :
| 4. Loose cumuli, seud, and masses of cirrous clouds.

a

6. Id., id. + — cirro-cumuli; cirro-strati on NE. horizon.
8. Cirro-cumulo-strati and cirro-strati +- cumulo-strati on E. horizon; mottled cirri to N.
10. Scud, cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri.

18. Smoky scud, ragged-edged cirro-cumuli ; sky and cirro-strati to W.; thick clouds to E.
20, Scud.

22. Id.
0. Scud and cumuli + cirro-cumuli and cirrous clouds.

| 2. Scud + thick mass of cirro-stratus and haze.

Saaum sequedauw gdunddduw sdnodeduw

140

Daity METEOROLOGICAL

ee THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER,
Gottingen Bano:
Mean Time Rain 4
of METER , Max. ||Gavan.|| Pressure. | Direction of || Clouds moving from
Observation. Corrected.|| Dry. | Wet. | Diff. lanaMin. M Wind.
ax. | Pres.
i ia Rah) in. y oi i a in. lbs. lbs.
June 29 4 O|| 29-503 | 58-9 | 52:8 | 6-1 0-2 | 0-1 | SWbyS. NW by N.
6 0 491 || 55-8 | 53-1 2.7 0-2 | 0-0 WNW : NW.
8 0 494 || 59-32] 52-8?| 6-5? 15 | 0-5 Ww? WNW.
10 0 512 || 52-6 | 49-1 3-5 0-4 | 0-1 Ww?
18 0 29-524 || 52-3 | 49-4 2-9 0-5 | 0-2 | SW by W. w.
20 0 525 || 54:0 | 50-1 3-9 60-7 0-4 | 0-3 W by 8. w.
22 0 509 || 56:0 | 51-4 4:6 45-5 0-4 | 0-6 W by 8. W.
June 30 0 0 498 || 59-6 | 53-0 | 6-6 0.005 || 7 | 9-3 NW. w.
2 0 489 || 60-9 | 53-8 7-1 1:9 | 0-4 WSW. W.
4 0 479 || 60-8 | 53-8 7-0 13 | 0-4 w. Wis
‘Ga0 484 || 60-0 | 54-2 58 15 | 1:8 Ww.
San0 498 || 56-6 | 51:5 5-1 13 | 1-2 w. W by N.
10 0 517 || 55-2 | 50-6 4-6 0-8 | 0-2 W by N. WNw.
18 0 || 29-607 || 52-7 | 49-0 | 3-7 0-5 | 0-4 | SW by W. Ww.
20 0 603 || 56-9 | 52-1 4:8 62:3 0-5 | 0-7 W by 8 WSW : W by N.
22 0 601 || 59-0 | 54-2 4:8 47.4 1-1 | 0-9 | SWby w. WSsw.
Juy 1 0 0 598 || 61:0 | 55-9 5-1 0-000 0-9 | 0-4 SW by S WSwW.
2 0 582 || 62-7 | 57-0 5-7 1:3 | 0-8 Sw. WSsw.
4 0 573 || 60-9 | 56-2 4-7 27 | 1-7 Sw. SW by W: W by 8.
6 0 539 || 60-5 | 55-5 | 5-0 2:0 | 16 | SwbyS SW : WSW.
8 0 508 || 57-3 | 54-4 2-9 3:0 | 18 SW by S. Sw.
10 O 482 || 55-8 | 54-6 1-2 2-7 | 1:8 SW. Sw.
64:3
July 2 0 0 49.4 2.2
18 0 29-388 || 59-6 | 56-7 2-9 3-8 | 2-5 Sw. SW: W
20: 0) 405 || 60-3 | 55-9 4-4 66-4 2:8 | 2-8 Sw. Sw.
22 0 426 || 61-5 | 56-7 4:8 56-5 3-6 | 3-4 Sw. Sw.
July 3 0 0 460 || 64-3 | 58-0 6-3 0.083 4-4 | 2.2 Sw. WSw
2 0 464 || 65-2 | 57-8 7-4 a1 | 4:3 SW. SW by W.
2) 10 491 || 64-2 | 57-0 7-2 4:3 | 3-0 Sw. SW : WSW.
6° 0 501 || 62:0 | 56-3 5-7 4:7 | 2-3 Sw. wesw.
8 0 558 || 59-3 | 55-0 4:3 2-7 | 1-6 Sw. WSw.
10 0 590 || 54:0 | 52-0 2-0 1-2 | 0-3 Sw. WSw.
18 0 29-666 || 50-4 | 49-3 1-1 0-3 | 0-0
20 O 683 || 54-8 | 51-6 3-2 66-1 0-4 | 0-4 SW by 8. WSW.
22 0 692 || 60-0 | 53-0 7-0 46-3 0-7 | 1-0 SW by 8. SW by W.
July 4 0 0 693 || 62-8 | 54-0 | 8-8 0.006 || 12 | 9:5 | SW by W. SW by W
2 0 688 || 66-8 | 56-6 | 10-2 1:3 | 0-7 Sw. WSW
4 0 679 || 66-0 | 53-8 | 12-2 1:0 | 0-5 Sw. WSW
6 0 660 || 65-0 | 54-3 | 10-7 0-6 | 0-0 ‘
3, 0 646 || 58:0 | 53-8 4.2 0-1 | 0-0 8.
10 0 635 || 57-8 | 54-1 3-7 0-0 | 0-0
18 0 29-537 || 55-1 | 54-6 0-5 0:0 | 0-0
20 0 524 || 58-1 | 57-0 1-1 67-2 0-0 | 0-0 Sw.
22 0 511 || 63-3 | 59-4 39 52.0 0-0 | 0-0 SSW.
July 5 0 0 510 || 62-9 | 60-3 2-6 0-247 0-0 | 0-0 8.
2 0 477 || 66-0 | 62-0 4-0 0-1 | 0-1 NE. SSE.
4 0 431 || 62-7 | 60-4 2:3 0-6 | 0-5 NE by E. SSE.
6 0 389 || 61-1 | 61-0 0-1 0-9 | 0-2 NE by E. 8.
July 5464, Extra observations of the Barometer made simultaneously at Berwick and Makerstoun.

6S BE SSM 3 20): 60-.

—_
Sees
co of

S 0 > RE

BRYONS&

oc)

299

macicr=
SHODRNSONSH

Rah
Gosh )

4 ~)
SCHARNWON

BMONSo

SEM

oR SONS

OBSERVATIONS, JUNE 29—JuLy 5. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

141

Observer’s
Initial.

Scud ; black to NW. and over the zenith.

Id.: _cirrous clouds; light rain lately, raining to SE. and E.; clouds breaking, sky in zenith and to W.; cumuli to SSE.
Scud + linear cirri, covering much of the sky ; sheets of cirro-strati radiating from SE. where it is quite dark and like rain.
Masses of scud and cumuli near horizon to S, and E.; cirro-cumuli and sheets of linear cirri tinged with red.

Seud + linear cirri and cirro-strati to E.

Id. + id.
Id. +— woolly and mottled cirri.
Id.

Id. + cirrous clouds and haze.
Scud, cumuli, cumulo-strati and woolly cirro-cumuli; mountainous, ragged, and stormy-like cumuli to W.
and SW., cumulo-strati with curled fronts ; the sky has been very stormy-looking for the last two hours.
Large thick masses of Joose cumuli and scud, cumuli in strings like beads, cumulo-strati; thick woolly cirro-cumuli, linear cirri and cirrous
haze scattered across the sky, cirro-strati to E,; the clouds are of all shades and thicknesses, black as night, white as snow, thin as smoke,
thick as mud; the sky is of different tints, bluish, whitish, greenish ; clouds moving at different elevations, and with different velocities.
Scud and cumuli + cumulo-strati, cirro-strati and mottled cirri.
Scud + cumulo-strati on N. horizon.

Cirro-cumulous seud, cirro-cumuli + fine cirri to NW.; ranges of cirro-strati to E. and S.
Scud and cumuli: cirro-cumuli of various sizes and density + fine lines of cirri to S.; black mass of scud rising in W.
Scud + cirro-strati to E.; a few drops of rain.
Id.
Id. + cirrous clouds and haze to E.
Scud and loose cumuli: cirro-cumulous scud and thick cirro-cumuli; cirrous haze over the sky; very stormy-looking; shower lately.
Scud: thick cirro-strati and sheets of cirri.
Id.; a few drops of rain.
Id., moving quickly + cirro-cumuli and cirrous haze ; light rain.

.

“Loose scud : woolly cirro-cumuli.
. Scud.

Id.; a few drops of rain.

Cirrous scud ; sky in patches.

Scud, chiefly near horizon.

Id.: cirro-stratous scud + cumuli near horizon.

Id. + patches of woolly cirri; cumuli on N. and S. horizon.

. Sheets of cirrous scud +~ beautiful ranges of pyramidal cumuli to S. and N.; cirro-strati to E.
. Cirrous scud + cumuli to N.; cirro-strati to E.

Masses of cumulo-strati on SE. horizon; patches of scud to 8. and N.
Patches of scud + large masses of cumuli and cumulo-strati on S. and N. horizon.
Cirrous-edged cumulo-strati.
Id. [from WNW.
Cirrous cirro-cumuli + cumulo-strati; linear cirri rising from a patch of cirrous haze to W. and pointing
Cirrous-edged cumuli, woolly, linear, and mottled cirri.
Thick cirrous haze and linear cirri ; cumulo-strati on E. and N. horizon.
Scud + cirrous haze, thick to W.; solar halo.
Thick mass of cirro-stratus*and haze, cedaraceous.

Scotch mist.
Seud.
Id., moving slowly.
Id.; dense cirro-stratus, a few drops of rain.
Id. ; id. ; hazy.
Id. ; id.
Id. + cirrous clouds and haze; heavy thunder showers lately.

4 MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. 2N

we sasnn Sunn

aan

sun sesgun

SS SSSSs we ssududs woddunwds

Gottingen
Mean Time
of

Observation.

ah.
July 5 8

July 6 0

July 7 0

July 9 0

July 10

July 11

a Pp wo

So cocooco coeoocooceococ coooce|coo o

ooo

So

coocoooocoo oooooeooo

BaRo-
METER

in.
29-303

322

29-272
284
287
306
337
406
461
505
546

29-574
585
577
574
570
567
576
589
608

29-628
645
658
667
680

716

740
769
802

29-850
856
839
849
860
859
859
880
909

29-980
30-008
30-022
30-027
30-030
30-020
30-002

Corrected.

Dairy METEOROLOGICAL

THERMOMETERS.
Dry. | Wet. | Dif. fee |
58-5 | 57-8 | 0-7
57-0 | 56-9 | 0-1
56-8 | 55-5 | 1-3
58-9 | 55-6 | 3-3
61-6 | 57-1 | 4-5 es
63-0 | 58-0 | 5-0
64-8 | 59-0 | 5-8
61-8 | 55-3 | 6-5
59-9 | 54.0 | 5-9
55-7 | 52:8 | 2.9
51-2 | 49.2 | 2.0
47-4 | 46-6 | 0-8
55-2 | 53-0 | 2.2
63-0 | 58-0 | 5-0 re
61-6 | 56-2 | 5-4 ;
66-8 | 59-2 | 7-6
65-0 | 58-0 | 7-0
57-9 | 56-8 | 1-1
57-0 | 568 | 0-2
55-2 | 54:8 | 0-4
51-9 | 51-0 | 0-9
58-0 | 55-3 | 2.7
61-3 | 56-4 | 4.9 es
63-7 | 56-4 | 7-3
56-8 | 55-0 | 1-8
55-8 | 54-0 | 1-8
60-6 | 57-5 | 3-1
57-9: | 54.2 | 3-7
54-5 | 53-3 | 1-2

66:3
52.2
53-7 | 52-8 | 0-9
60-9 | 58-1 | 28
65-6 | 58:9 | 67 a
63-9 | 55-0 | 8-9 E
63-7 | 56-6 at
62-6 | 55-0 | 7-6
60:6 | 55-0 | 5-6
58-8 | 53-1 | 5-7
55-7 | 52:3 | 3-4
54-8 | 50-5 | 4.3
57-0 | 52-1 | 4.9
59-6 | 54.0 | 5-6 ie
61-2 | 54-0 | 7-2
63-0 | 55-8 | 7-2
63-0 | 55-8 | 7-2
59-3 | 55-3 | 4-0

0-184

0-000

0-050

0-331

0-005

0-000

ANEMOMETER.

Pressure. Direction of
Max. | Pres. Wrset
lbs, Ibs.
0-7 | 0-4 NE by E.
0-4 | 0-0
0-5 | 0-0
0-8 | 0-4 | Sbyw
1-0 | 0-8 SSW
1-4 1-0 SSW.
2-2 1-0 Sw.
1-7 | 0-5 SW by W
0-8 | 0-4 SW by W.
1-1 | 0-6 | SWbyS
0-6 | 0-2 SW by 8
0-2 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-2 | 0-2 SSE?
0-4 | 0-2 SW?
0-5 | 0-3 SW by S
0-6 | 0-2 Sw.
0-1 0-1 NE.
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-1 | 0-0
0-5 | O-1 NNE.
0-4 | 0-1 NNW.
0-1 0-0
0-2 | 0-1 SSE?
0-2 | 0-0 SSE.
0-4
0-6 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0 SW.
0-2 | 0-2 N by W.
0-6 | 0-3 NNE.
0-6 | 0-5 | NEbyN.
1-7 | 1-2 NNE.
1-2 | 0-2 NNE.
0:3 | 0-2 N by E.
0-2 | 0-0
0-4 | 0-1 NNE.
0-7 | 0-3 | NE by N.
0-7 | 0-4 NE by N.
0-5 | 0-2 NE by E?
0-3 | 0-1 ENE.
0:3 0:3 ~ iE.
0-3 | 01 | EbyN.

Clouds moving from

ENE : SSW.

SSE.

Sw by 8S: SSW.
S by W.
8.
8 by W.
SW by W:S by W.
8.

NW:S.

8.
SSW. ,
SSE: 8.
SE.
ESE.

SSE.
SE by 8.

ESE.
ESE.

OBSERVATIONS, JULY 5—11. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e.

Observer’s
Initial.

cor

. A good deal of thunder with vivid flashes of lightning within the last hour, proceeding from a dark mass of scud to SW., W., and reaching past the

zenith, the scud moving from SSW. ; cirro-stratus and cirrous haze above ; loose smoky scud, low from ENE. ; the intervals between the lightning
i and the thunder changed from 205 to about 10% and 12s, At 82 5™. A general Scotch mist; a vivid flash of lightning with thunder at 8h 3m,
Frequent flashes of lightning with thunder till 9 10™ ; the storm was most violent about 84 40™, the intervals being 55 to 88. 9410™, Loose scud
acted on by currents in every direction, moving principally from the westward; the thunder ceased till 9 25™ when it recommenced in the ESE.

“10. Scud. The thunder still continues in the NE., frequent flashes of sheet-lightning; the thunder faint and distant. This storm commenced in the
SW. and W., passed a little to the north of the zenith round towards the E. and NE.: it rained from 8} till 94, occasional showers afterwards.

18. Scud + cirrous clouds and haze.
20. Id. + woolly and linear cirri and cirrous haze.
22. Scud and loose cumuli.
0. Id. +— patches of cirrous clouds.
2. Loose-edged cumuli. '
4. Scud and loose cumuli.
~—«~6. Id. +— cumulo-strati on N. and E. horizon.
8. Cirrous scud + cumulo-strati on S. and N. horizon ; cirro-strati to E.
10. Cumuli and cirro-strati to E.
18. Mottled and linear cirri + cirrous haze to E.; cirro-cumulous scud to N. and §.; portion of a solar halo.
20. Cirrous haze and linear cirri; cirro-strati to SW.; large masses of scud to W.
22. Scud and loose cumuli: woolly cirri; thick cirrous haze to E.
0. Scud, loose cumulo-strati, &c. + cirrous clouds; a few drops of rain.
2. Cirrous-edged cumuli, seud, cirri, &c.; nearly as at 04.

4. Scud and cumuli + cirro-stratus scud.
6. Scud: loose cumuli + cirrous clouds; raining to NE., rainbow.

8. Scud, moving very slowly + cumuli to S.; shower lately, rain to E.
10. Scud to N., very low: scud; cirrous haze.

18. Cirro-cumulous scud + patches of mottled cirri; cirro-strati to NE.
20. Masses of scud and cumuli + large cirro-cumuli and patches of woolly and mottled cirri.
22. Seud and cumuli: woolly cirri + cumulo-strati near horizon ; cirrous haze.
0. Scud and cumuli +— woolly cirri; sky electric-looking ; rain to NW. ?
Q. Thunder-storm, vivid flashes of lightning and loud peals of thunder; the thunder-clouds about a mile distant: scud and heavy cumuli; beau-
tiful pinnacled cumulo-strati to E., cirrous haze; heavy rain; storm moying off to WNW.
4, Scud and cumuli, very dark and electric to W. + cirrous clouds and linear cirri; the thunder-storm con-
tinued till 35, chiefly at the distance of a mile, with heavy showers.
6. Scud and cumuli + cirrous clouds; cirro-strati to E.: the quantity of rain since 1" is 0-331 in.
8. Cirro-stratous scud + cirro-cumuli; cirro-strati on horizon; black ranges of cumulo-strati to EH. and SE.
10. Loose cirro-cumuli and scud.

18. Thick cirro-cumulous mass +~ cirrous haze.
20. Id. id.
22. Patches of scud : cirro-cumulo-strati and cirro-cumuli + cumulo-strati to SE.

S

Thick cirro-cumulous and cirrous mass.

Cirro-cumulo-strati ; patches of scud to S.; cumuli on SW. horizon.

Cirro-stratous scud, thin cirro-cumuli, and mottled cirri + cirrous haze, cirro-strati.

Cirro-cumulo-strati; cirro-strati.

Cirro-cumulous seud: large cirro-cwnuli, 8h 50™. Fine cirro-cumulous scud from N., woolly cirro-eumuli moving slowly from N.; regularly
Cirro-stratous scud, cirro-cumulo-strati. [formed woolly cirri moving quiclsly from S.

iS)

S 22 OH

.

Cirro-cumulo-strati, lying in strata to N. and E.; scud on Cheviot.
Id. _
Scud and loose cumuli + detached masses of cumuli to E. and S.
Id.
Id.
Detached masses of cumuli and scud, the latter acted on by different currents.
Patches of clouds near horizon.

Uy

PN

«6.

=

wWegs HW Wes Hs dendds gogeaaaaa S

a4eaqueu fear aedauy

144 DaIty METEOROLOGICAL

Berg THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER.
Gottingen Biko:
Mean Time RAIN z
of METER i Max. ||Gaver.|| PPessere- | Direction of || Clouds moving from
Observation. _||Corrected.|| Dry. | Wet. | Diff. |naMin. esmerinec oN Wands
Max. | Pres.
Cone tite mn in. GC 2 2 S in. lbs. Ibs. :
July 11 8 0 || 29.999 || 57-1 | 53-6 | 3-5 0-1 | 0-0 N. f
10 0 30-003 || 52-3 | 49-8 2-5 0-0 | 0-0 N. t
18 0 || 29-948 || 51-3 | 50-2 | 1-1 0-3 | 0-0 SSE? Nw. I
20 0 927 | 588 | 56-0 | 28 | oes 0-1 | 0-3 | Sby Ww. Nw.
22 0 914 || 62-0 | 58-0 4-0 45-5 0-8 | 0-6 SSW. SW. s
July 12 0 0 894 || 65-8 | 59-9 | 5-9 0.000 || 9:9 | 97 SSW. wsw. if
BW 865 || 61-2 | 57-0 | 4-2 P 1-9 | 0-8 | SWbyS SW by W. t
4 0 856 || 58-2 | 56-1 | 2-1 1-7 | 0-5 sw. SW by W. IE
6 0 839 || 55-9 | 54.9 | 1-0 0-7 | 0-3 SW. [
8 0 834 || 56-5 | 55-2 | 1-3 0-4 | 0-2 Sw Ww? {
10 0 830 || 56-1 | 55-3 | 0-8 0-3 | 0-0 WNW. i
18 0 || 29-826 || 54-9 | 53-9 | 1:0 0-1 | 0-0 WSW? || NW:NNW:SEbyS th
20 0 847 || 58-2 | 55-7 | 25 | gy 0-2 | 0-0 Wsw? il
22 0 846 || 63-2 | 57-9 5:3 52.5 0-1 | 0-0 Nw? N by E. i
July 13 0 0 851 || 63-7 | 59-6 | 4-1 2) o-1ag || &2 | OL | NEby BE? WwW? \
2 0 850 || 62-9 | 58-8 4.1 0:5 | 0-3 E. NE by N: N. )
4 0 849 || 62-7 | 57-9 4:8 0-4 | 0-2 ESE. ENE: NW. 4
6 0 841 || 63-0 | 59-3 | 3-7 0-3 | 0-0 ESE ? NNW : ENE: WSW. 6
8 0 833 || 59-0 | 57-0 | 2-0 0-3 | 0-2 SSE? N by W: WSW? 5
10 0 849 || 55-2 | 54-3 | 0-9 0-1 | 0-0 NNW? i)
18 15 29-826 || 50-7 | 49-8 0-9 0-0 | 0-0 SW by 8S. 10
20 0 833 || 55-9 | 54.0 | 19 | Goo 0:0 | 0-0 S: Sw. )
22 0 820 || 60-9 | 56-7 | 4:2 | Geo 0-0 | 0-0 SW by 8. %
July 14 0 0 819 || 64-3 | 58-0 | 6-3 : anon Woe ules WSW. Wsw. {
2 0 804 || 65-9 | 58-9 | 7-0 0-4 | 0-2 WSW. W by 8. q
415 785 || 65-8 | 58-9 6-9 0-8 | 0-9 Sw. W by N. {
6 0 780 || 62:8 | 57-3 | 5-5 1-1 | 0-7 SSW. Ww. 6
8 0 776 || 58:9 | 55-6 | 3-3 0-9 | 0-4 SSW. NNW. §
10 0 773 || 55:0 | 52-4 2-6 1:0 | 0-2 SW. NNW.
18 0 29-683 || 59-2 | 56-8 2-4 0-6 | 0-4 Sw. WSW : WNW.
20 0 686 || 61-1 | 58-3 | 28 | Go. 0-6 | 0-3 SW. WSW:W:W.
22 0 665 || 65-7 | 61-6 | 41 | -1 1-6 | 1-0 | SW by W. W.
July 15 0 0 694 || 65-5 | 60-1 | 5-4 ; o-000 | 28 | 2 7 WSW. W.
Ro @ 718 || 66-7 | 59-0 | 7-7 21 | 0-8 WSw. WobyS
4 0 739 || 65-1 | 56-7 | 8-4 1-4 | 1-6 w. Ww
6 0 771 || 62-6 | 55-1 | 7-5 2-6 | 1-4 | WbyN. Ww.
8 0 812 || 55-2 | 50-8 | 4.4 1-1 | 0-4 | WbyS. WNW: W.
10 0 824 || 53-0 | 48-8 | 4.2 0-6 | 0-3 w?
68-6
July 16 0 0 51-2 1-1
18 0 29-928 || 49-8 | 47-7 2-1 2-6 | 0-0 WbyS
20 0 947 || 52-9 | 50-3 2-6 67-5 0-0 | 0-0 WwW
22 0 928 || 57-1 | 54:3 | 2.8 0-3 | 0-1 sw. WSW.
July 17 0 0 g92 || 63-3 | 583 | 50 | 43 | | o6 | 04 SW Sw
2 0 867 || 60-8 | 57-2 | 3-6 , 0-6 | 0-3 SW. SW.
4 0 830 || 62-2 | 58-7 | 3-5 0-6 | 0-4 SW. SW by W.
6 12 779 || 59-0 | 58-6 | 0-4 0-6 | 0-1 SW
8 0 745 || 58-8 | 58-8 | 0-0 0-3 | 0-1 SW WSw.
10 0 705 || 58-8 | 58-2 | 0-6 0-5 | 0-1 SW. WSwW.
18 0 || 29.428 || 57-9 | 57-1 | 0-8 3.4 | 1:8 sw. SW.
20 0 401 || 57-8 | 57-0 | O8 | go 1-4 | 0-7 Sw. Sw.
22 0 457 || 56-4 | 54-6 1:8 52.6 0-9 | O-1 N. NNW.

OBSERVATIONS, JULY 11—17. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

. Patches of cirrous clouds to S.
. Scud and patches of cirri.

. Thin cirrous scud + thick mass of cirrous haze and linear cirri; a few drops of rain; a strip of greenish sky to E.
. Nearly as before ; broken cirrous seud ; drops of rain, dark to E.
. Masses of scud +~— thick mass of cirrous clouds and haze and dense cirro-cumuli.
Scud + cirrous clouds and haze.

Id. + id. ; light rain.

DRNWONSH Sor
—_
a
=
Qu

Id. + id. ; raining.

SOO
Lal
iad
ee
=
i

Ia. + thick cirro-cumulous and cirrous mass, tinged with red half an hour ago.

. Scud; cirro-cumulous scud : cirri + thick mass of cirrous haze; cumulo-strati to E.
. Haze thinner than before, more scud and cirri; upper half of a solar halo.
Scud and cumuli + patches of cirri.
Id., moving slowly.
. Loose seud : cirrous-edged cumuli + patches of cirri.
Seud: cumuli.
. Three currents of scud; cumuli to SSE.
. Two currents of scud.
| 10. Scud + cirro-cumulo-strati to S.

.

ODPNSONOH

. Cirrous scud + a beautiful range of cumulo-strati to E. [E. and W.
. Scud : cirrous scud + long lines of pectinated cirri, the backs or midribs lying N. and S., and the teeth
. Scud and cirrous-edged cumuli + patches of linear cirri.
0. Scud and cumuli.
2. Id.
4. Cirrous scud + patches of linear cirri.
6. Id. + id.

8. Cirro-cumuli, covered and mixed with woolly cirri, waved in some places + varieties of cirri; scud to NW.
10. Cirro-cumuli’ lying N. by E. to S. by W., tinged with red +- woolly and mottled cirri.

. Detached patches of scud: sheets of loose cirro-cumuli, moving slowly + cumulo-strati on E. horizon.
. Smoky scud: dark extensive mass of cirro-stratous scud rising from W.: dense cirrous mass.

. Loose scud, moving quickly +- woolly and mottled cirri.

0. Id. +- linear cirri and woolly cirro-cumuli.

2. Loose-edged cumuli +~ linear and mottled cirri; cirrous haze.

4, Id. + patches of cirro-cumuli.

6. Cirrous scud and cumuli + patches of woolly and mottled cirri.

8. Patches of cirri: cumuli, moving slowly + flounder-shaped masses of beautiful cirri.

0. Strata of cirro-cumuli to N. and sheets of cirri to S.

. Scud.
20. Id. + dense cirro-stratus and haze.
22. Id. + id.

0. Id. + id.
2. Id. + id.
4, Id.

6. Homogeneous ; light rain.
8. Scud.

10. Id.; rain.

18. Loose scud, low and moving quickly +~ thick cirrous clouds and haze ; patches of dark-blue clouds to E.
0. Loose scud +~ dense cirro-stratus and haze ; light rain.
22, Id. + id. ; light drizzle.

MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843.

bserver’s
Initial.

wwdddddou dguudddou dguwddduw ddonddeun Ja | °

wed weddueads

146

Gottingen
Mean Time Baro-
of METER

Observation.

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

f=)

oooococo

Datty METEOROLOGICAL

THERMOMETERS.

Corrected.

Wet.

es

BKOKSOHONOS SEA

Se ES aS)

Max.
and Min.

ANEMOMETER.

Pressure.
Direction of

Wind.

W by N?
NNW?
NNW.
NNW.

NW by N?

Clouds moving from

NNW.
Nw.
NNW.
Ww.
8 by W.
S by W.

WNW : WSW.
Ww.
NW by W.

NNW.

July 244 5h—254 23,

OBSERVATIONS, JULY 18—24. 1843.

Sprcigs orf CLoups, &.

6.

(2.
4,
6

—
te
-~T

Observer’s
Initial.

. Scud + dense cirro-stratus and haze; light drizzle.
. Cirrous-edged cumuli and scud +~ cumulo-strati to S.
. Cumuli and cirrous scud, yery low on the side of Cheviot: a large black lowering mass of scud from about W. half an hour ago.

Scud and cumuli.

. Cirro-cumulous scud + cumulo-strati to SE.
. Cirri and cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati to E.

. Loose scud : cirro-cumuli and cirrous scud.
. Scud.

Id.; heavy rain.
Id. + cirrous clouds; drizzle.

. Scud and cumuli + cirri; heavy rain to SE. [showers.

Scud +— fine ranges of cumuli, mixed with cirrous clouds, to E; dark and raining to SW.; occasional

Scud and cumuli + patches of cirrous clouds ; raining heavily to SE, from a black mass of scud ; heavy shower of rain and hail lately, 64 20™,
A large mass of cumuli, nimbi, and scud, covering three parts of the sky, converging to a deep black to SE. where it appears to rain heavily,

Heterogeneous scud +- cumuli on E. horizon.

. Scud.

Id. + cirro-stratus on E. horizon.

Scud ; light rain.
Id.
Id.; the sun’s disc just visible through a dense cirrous mass.
Id.; cirrous clouds and haze.
Id. + cirro-cumuli and cirrous clouds; dark mass of scud to E.

Id.: cirrous scud.
Id.; a few drops of rain.

. Cirro-strati and scud ; shower.

Scud + cirro-strati and cumuli to NE.; showers.
Seud and cumuli + range of cumuli from WNW. to ESE. forming half of a great circle, making an angle of 8° with the N. horizon.

. Cumuli, apparently acted on by several currents +- cumulo-strati on horizon ; patches of mottled cirri.

Masses of cirro-cumuli and cirri + cumulo-strati on NE. and SW. horizon.

. Masses of scud and cumuli to SW. ; linear cirri lying NNW. to SSE. ; cirro-strati to NE.

Cirro-cumulo-strati + linear cirri.

. Cirro-cumuli and cirrous haze over the sky; cirro-strati on NE. and E. horizon.
. Sky densely covered with cirrous haze and cirro-cumuli, moving very slowly + cirro-strati to E.

Scud + cirro-cumuli and cirrous haze.
Id. + id. 3 drops of rain.
Id.; light shower.
Id.; rather heavy rain.
Id. ; id.
Id.; light rain; clouds breaking.
Id.

Woolly cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati to E.
Id. + cumulo-strati to N.; cirrous haze to W. and NW.

. Scud and loose cumuli.

Seud and cumuli.
Id.
Cirro-cumulous scud and cumuli.
Id.

Bods ddd Wo dsddndss suo ssseste wes Sern ss Woasnn

none sesnw

148

Gottingen
Mean Time
of
Observation.

cooocococ ocoooceocoeoe

m.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Baro-
METER

Corrected.

in.
29-845
869
29-931
938
944

DAILy METEOROLOGICAL

THERMOMETERS.

Max.
and Min.

ANEMOMETER.

ee

Oo a Oe on)

Pressure,

STEM WNONNAR wwoUA~

Direction of

Pres. Wei

sw.
SW by W?
SSW.
SW by S.
SSW.
sw.
SW by S.
SW by S.
SW by S.

Clouds moving from

W by 8.

WNW ?: WSW.
Ww.
W:WbyN.
w.

w.

W by N.
NW.

NW by N.
Nw.

Ww.

SSW : NW.
WSwW : NNW.
WSW : NW.
Sw : Nw.
SSW ?:N?

SSW.

W by S: Sw.
SW : WSW.
S by W.
WSw.
SW : W byS.
Wsw?

W by 8.
W.

Ww.

OBSERVATIONS, JuLY 24—30. 1843.

SPEcIES oF CLOUDS, &c.

149

Observer’s
Initial.

ih.
| 8. Cirro-cumulous scud and cumuli.
| 10. Dark lowering masses of scud have moved up, at first deeply tinged with red near the horizon.

i 18. Linear and woolly cirri + patches of cirro-cumulous scud to N. and SW.; cirro-strati to E.
) 20. Cirro-cumulo-strati + linear cirri to N.
i 22. Id. +— detached masses of cumuli to N. and E.; dense cirrous haze.
| 0. Scud and cumuli, moving very slowly +~ cirrous haze.
2. Id. - id.

| 4. Seud + cirrous haze.
| 6. Ia.
_ 8. Id.
I 10. Cirro-cumulo-strati.
18. Homogeneous.
| 20. Id.

| 22. Scud + dense cirro-stratus and haze.
0. Id. + id.
i 2. Id. + id.
| 4 Id. + id., and thick ¢irro-cumuli.
| 6 Id. + id.

8 Id. + id.

10. Id. + cirrous haze; thin cirro-cumuli; clouds to E. slightly tinged with red.

_ 18. Scud to W.: patches of cirro-cumuli + mass of linear cirri and cirrous haze, fringed with curled cirri; cirro-strati to E.; watery cumuli on
| 20. Scud + a few patches of linear cirri and cirro-strati to E. [Cheviot.
| 22. Scud and cumuli: cirrous scud + detached masses of cumuli on N. and E. horizon.

0. Id. +— patches of cirri.
2. Id. — id. ; cirro-cumuli.
4. Cirro-cumulous scud + cumuli round horizon; rain to E.
| 6. Thick masses of scud + cirrous scud ; passing shower; cumulo-strati on horizon.
| 8. Dark scud + cumuli; shower. 8210". A complete double rainbow.
| 10. Scud + cirrous haze to W.
if
18. Ragged and cirro-cumulous scud, and cirro-cumuli + linear cirri and cirrous haze to E., fringed with curled cirri; cirro-strati; clouds on Cheviot A
| ; about 4° of a solar halo visible, being at the southern extremity of the horizontal diameter j in the midst ofit is a parhelion about 1° in diameter
| shewing prismatic colours, this is in interlaced linear cirri. 18 30™, The lowest scud from SSW., the upper cirro-cumulous scud from W.
20. Scud: woolly cirro-cumuli, becoming haze near horizon and thick and ribbed to E.; sky in zenith; portion of a colourless halo visible t
22. Masses of scud : large cirro-cumuli +~ thick cirrous haze to E.
0. Scud : cirro-cumulo-strati.
_ 2. Masses of scud: dense mass of cirro-cumuli and cirrous haze.
_ 4, Patches of scud to S.: dense mass of heterogeneous cirri, moving very slowly.
6. : id. ; light rain.
_ 8. Scud + dense cirrous haze.
10. Homogeneous scud.
18. Cirrous and cirro-cumulous scud: woolly cirro-cumuli. [0:8 Ibs.
20. Scud, moving rapidly: cirrous scud and cirrous-edged cumuli. 2010", The wind commenced blowing
22. Scud and cumuli + beautiful ranges of cumuli to E.; cirro-strati to E.
0. Scud.
2. Two currents of scud ; dense cirro-stratus and haze.
4. Scud; heavy showers.
6. Scud and cumuli + cirrous clouds to E.
8. Scud + patches of cirro-cumuli and mottled cirri, and cirrous haze; a double rainbow lately.
10. Scud.
18. Id.: cirrous seud + cumulo-strati on N. horizon.

j MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. 2P

Seggrggeha sgunggsun aoe eeqquy 44

Sear earn qquneaqaqn

4

150 Dairy METEOROLOGICAL

Gotti THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER.
6ttingen ce
Mean Time Bano-

of (METER : Max. Direction of
Observation. Corrected. D * land Min. Wind.

Pressure.

NW by W.
W.
W by N?

eccooooo8

SW by W?

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

NNORF COCO CRF NUFF ORD WWRAWOH

eococooco ocooooooooeo eo

Clouds moving from

Nw.
W by N.
WNw.
Ww.

W by N.
NW by W: NNW.

WNW?
W by S.

Sw.
SW: SWbyS: Sby W.

W by N: WNW?
WSw.
Wsw.

WS8W : W by 8.

SW.

fs

OBSERVATIONS, JULY 30—AveustT 5. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

. Scud.
. Cirrous scud and cirrous-edged cumuli.

Scud.

Cirrous scud +— masses of curled and flame-cirri, pointing from N.
Cumuli to E. and §.; cirrous haze and linear cirri.

Scud + dense cirrous mass.

. Patches of seud : sky nearly covered with cirrous haze and linear cirri, dense to W., whence branch off fine

parallel cirri; beautifully mottled and papillose cirri-like strings and masses of beads.

| 10. Scud + cirrous haze.
18. Id.
20. Id. + dense cirrous clouds and haze.
22. Id. + id. ; heavy rain.
0. Id. + id. ; light rain.
2. ae mass of scud in ranges + loose cirro-cumuli; occasional patches of sky.
4, Scud.
6. Id. + cirro-strati to NE.
8. Id. + cirrous mass.
10. Id. + id.
| 18. Id. + dense cirro-stratus and haze.
| 20. Id. + id.
22. Id. + id. ; light rain.
| 0. Id. + id. ; id.
2. Id. + id. ; id.
4. Id.
6. Scud and cumuli + cumulo-strati on E. horizon. [wind lately.
8. Patches of seud : moist-looking cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri + sheets of cirro-strati; heavy showers with
10. Seud, cirro-cumulous scud.
18. Thin scud + thick cirro-cumulous and cirrous mass; openings to SW. and N.; light rain.
20. Scud, cirro-cumulous scud +— thick cirrous mass to N. and E.; woolly cirri to SW. ; loose cumulion N. and

pone oe
woNwSa So

eo

PPVONSH Soop

. Cumuli and scud: cirrous scud : woolly cirri +- ranges of cumuli near horizon. [S. horizon.
. Ranges of cumuli: cirrous scud, woolly cirri + cumulo-strati to N.

. Loose scud and ranges of cumuli + woolly cirri and cirrous haze to E.

. Scud and cumuli +~ sheets of woolly cirri.

Id. ; the scud, thin below; cumuli in ranges and near the horizon, mixed with cirro-strati ;
to the NE. ragged castellated cumuli; varieties of cirri; a few drops of rain.
Thick masses of woolly and brush cirri to W. moving slowly +- white cumuli, nimbi, and cumulo-strati.

. Scud + cirri.

. Scud, moving slowly.

. Cirrous scud, moving slowly ; slight shower.

. Woolly cirri or cirrous scud + piles of cumuli near horizon.

, Cirrous scud and cumuli; showers around. [peals of thunder.
. Thick scud + piles of cumuli on horizon; cirrous clouds and cumuli; heavy shower; one or two faint
. Cirrous seud +— piles of cumuli all round the horizon.

. Scud; misty to N., E., and S.; electric-looking to W.; heavy shower.

Id. + cirrous scud; masses of loose scud lying low on Cheviot.
Id.

Masses of scud near the horizon.

. Patches of loose scud : masses of thin cirro-curiulous scud.

Cirrous scud: sheets of woolly cirri + ragged cumuli on horizon.
Scud +- ragged cumuli on horizon.
Id. + id.

. Masses of cumuli: cirro-cumuli, undulated to S.

Scud + cirrous clouds, cirro-strati to E.; light rain.

151

Observer’s
Initial.

Sage owgs weggqrngs wos wen sds wo ddnnwss ood dnwwss oo wewnws |

152

Gottingen
Mean Time
of

Observation.

o SOF |

oocoo ocooocoonooo coooecoooo

o

o ooo

o oooococoo

eoecococco

Baro-
METER

Corrected.

Datty METEOROLOGICAL

THERMOMETERS.

Max.
and Min.

ANEMOMETER.

Pressure.

Max.

lbs.
2-7
3-2

Pres.

Ibs.

Direction of
Wind.

1:6 SW.
0-6 WA8W.

Clouds moving from

SW by S: SSW.

SW by 8.
SW by 8,
Ww.
WNW : SSW.
WNW : SW.

Ww.

W by 8S: SW.
WNW : SSW.

NNE.

NE by E: NNE.
N by E,
NNE.
NNE.

N by W.

SE: NW.
WSwW.

NNW : NNW.

NNW.
Ww?
Ww.
W by 8.
W by S: NNW.
WSw.
W by S: NNW.

ODIO

=
=

COMPO SONSO

: to
Ponsa

e

eee ea)

e

-

SOD

od

S

nD bO

9S}

SHOR

So #

hOK

OOPS

2

OBSERVATIONS, AUGUST 5—11. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

Patches of scud: scud + masses of cirri, cirro-strati to E.
Id. + cirro-strati to N. and S.

Linear, woolly, and mottled cirri + cirro-cumuli.

Linear cirri and cirrous haze.

Patches of scud on E. and S. horizon; dense mass of cirro-stratus.
Masses of seud +~ thick cirrous haze; light rain.

Scud + id; a few drops of rain.

Smoky scud: cirrous scud + woolly cirri; clouds breaking.
Homogeneous scud ; occasional showers.

Two currents of scud.

Scud ; occasional showers.

Scud, nearly homogeneous; light rain, mist.
Id., id. ; id., id.
Homogeneous seud ; rain till 21» 45™,
Two currents of scud +— cirrous haze.
Scud ; raining towards Cheviot.
Id. + cirrous clouds.

‘Scud, hanging in ragged curtains and dropping rain, moving quickly + cirrous clouds.

Thin scud, cirrous clouds; showers; scud low on Cheviot.
Scud ; cirrous clouds.

Woolly cirro-cumuli and cirro-cumulo-strati.
Id. + cirro-strati and linear cirri to NW.
Scud and loose cumuli +— cirro-strati to E. and W.; patches of mottled cirri. [strati to SE,
Cirrous-edged cumuli, moving very slowly, apparently acted on by different currents : feathered linear cirri to W. pointing from SSW. + cirro-
Cirrous-edged cumuli, as before: masses of cirro-cumuli, rather large at the middle and getting gradually smaller, till at the edges they become
small points almost indistinguishable from haze, the cirro-cumuli move faster than the cumuli + cirro-strati and haze to SE.
Ragged-edged cumuli from W., the edges near the zenith breaking into zigzag cirrous fragments, which
move in various directions + woolly cirri; hazy to E.
Ragged-edged cumuli as before: linear cirri, civro-cumuli of all sizes, small cumulo-strati, &c. + cumulo-strati; cirrous haze to E.
Cumuli and seud: beautiful ranges of cirro-cumuli to E., flame-cirri in zenith, mottled cirri to W. all lying from SSW to NNE.
Cirro-cumuli, cirro-strati, and cirrous haze.

Loose cumuli, the edges broken ‘into patches which dissipate + thick mass of linear cirri to E., range of
small cumuli to NNE., heavy mist on the ground.
Two currents of scud.
Cirrous-edged cumuli +— patches of cirri.
Id. and scud.
Id.
Ragged-edged cumuli, in ranges on S. horizon.
Cumuli on §. horizon.
Scud to 8. and W.: flame-cirri to W. +- cumuli on S. horizon.
Cirro-cumulo-strati; a streak of hazy cirrus moving across the face of the moon.

Cirro-cumulous scud : cirrous clouds over the sky, in uniform sheets having a sort of stratified form point-.
ing from NNW. to SSE., the lowest portions of it becoming cirro-cumulous at the edges.
Patches of scud + homogeneous cirrous mass through which the sun is seen like a bright spot one-half his diameter: a bright strip to E.
Linear cirri and cirrous haze +~ cirro-strati near horizon ; patches of scud.
Scud, moving slowly + thick cirrous haze.
Id. id.
Scud : a dense mass of cirro-cumuli, moving slowly + linear cirri and cirrous haze.
Scud.
Cirro-cumulous scud : flame and linear cirri + cirro-strati to W.
Cirro-cumulous scud, cirrous clouds and haze all deeply tinged with red at 94; patches of cirro-cumuli.

MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843, 2a

153

Observer’s
Initial.

lejos]

Senn = dau serndgsun wedunegeeu

Sf enedeun

44s s54e00

154 Daity METEOROLOGICAL

Sta THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER,
Gottingen BAO
Mean Time 3 ‘

of (METER A . Max Pressure. | Direction of || Clouds moving from
Corrected. « et. > Henaatint ig a Wind.

Observation.

a oh.
Aug. 11 18
20
22

SW by 8.
Aug. 12 W by S.
W by S: WSW.
Wee
NW by W: W by N.
W by 8?
SW.

ceococococos

o

W: SSE. .

SE?
8?
Sand SSE.
8.
8.
SSW?
SSW?

NE by N.
ENE.
NE by E: SE.
SE by E.
NE: SE by E: ESE.
NE: 8.
NE.

SSW : NNW?

0
0
0
0
0
0 |
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

coo coocoo
peed le ele
COPRUN COOMUFwW

, OBSERVATIONS, AuGuUsT 11—17. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

h.
18. A patch of mottled cirrus to NW.; very hazy round horizon ; heavy dew.

20. Seud + streaks of linear cirri to W.; hazy on horizon.

22. Patches of clouds near horizon, loose cumuli on S. horizon, cirrous haze to NW.

0. Patches of scud + linear cirri to NW.; cumuli on N. horizon; cirrous haze round the horizon.
2. Loose-edged cumuli: woolly cirri.

4, Mottled, linear, hazy, and diffuse cirri +- ranges of cumuli on horizon.

_ 6. Scud: cirri, nearly as:before.
_ 8. Scud, moving very slowly.

| ‘10. Scud.

| 18. Loose seud to S.: large cirro-cumuli.

| 20. Patches of cirro-cumuli.

| 22. Patches of cirri, moving slowly + cirro-strati and haze near horizon.

| 0. Small patches of seud, increasing + cirri.

| 2. Ragged-edged cumuli +~ mottled cirri and cirrous haze.

| 4. Large cirro-cumuli + cumuli and seud on E. horizon.

_ 6. Cirro-cumuli + linear cirri and cirrous haze ; a bank of scud and loose eumuli on E. horizon.

| 8. Varieties of cirri, lying in patches and sheets in all directions + cirro-strati, the edges breaking into cirro-

| 10. Loose cirro-cumuli + cirrous haze, cirro-strati. (cumuli.
iq 18. Thin smoky scud +~ dense scud on E. horizon; cirro-cumuli and mottled cirri.
| 20. Scud.

0. Scud ; heavy rain since last observation from the lowest scud, just ceased, that current having disappeared ;

Ml
|
| 22. Two currents of seud. [cirrous haze.
|
2. Thin smoky scud: cirrous scud : woolly cirri; heavy showers.

4. id., homogeneous: woolly cirro-cumuli seen at 34 30™.
| 6. Scud, nearly homogeneous.
| 8. Id, id.

10. Homogeneous.

| 18, Homogeneous, misty.

20. Td., id.

22. Id., id.

5.0. Id., id.
2. Pinnacle-cumuli to §.; hazy on horizon. The clouds broke up at 15.
4, Id id.

6. Patches of clouds to S.; haze on horizon.
8. Scud and mist came on rapidly about 7+.
10. Very thick mist.

18. Thick mist.
20. Id.
22. Scud: patches of cirri; the clouds have just broken, the mist clearing off.
Q, Cauliflower and pinnacle-cumuli round the horizon except to NE.; a few patches of linear and radiated cirri. The vane still points NE, About
14 the cumuli to the W. began to break in cirrous edges, while patches of scud came up from S. or SW., the temperature having risen to 76°
at 15 20™; at 15 45™ the sky became nearly covered with scud and nimbi, and rain began to fall; the wind also rose, blowing from WSW3
the temperature fell to 69°.
Q. Scud, pinnacle and ragged cumuli and nimbi ; light rain, heavy to NE. 3%, Several peals of thunder from NE. and E., distant.
4, Cirrous-edged, piled, and cauliflower cumuli, broken into cirrous scud +~ linear cirri and cirrous haze.
_ 6. Scud: cirro-cumuli + piles of cumuli on horizon in a sort of haze; electric-looking.
8. Loose and pinnacle-cumuli + linear cirri, cirrous haze round horizon ; light mist falling.
0, Linear cirri; mist.

18. Scud + cirro-cumulo-strati to W. and NW.; heavy dew.
20. Id.
22. Id.

155

Observer’s
Initial.

dguudddou |

HWesehnnnaeS

Waq Hosen nnsese Seat as

whbaed wwaesnw

Gottingen
Mean Time
of

Observation.

a,
Aug. 18

eoooooosco ooSeoSoocE

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

cococooocoso ocooooooeco seoooecscoo

Baro-
METER

Corrected.

in.
29-893
872
849
825
828
823

29-744
727
704
675
636
592
553
543
521

29-486

Dairy METEOROLOGICAL

THERMOMETERS,

Pears RON CORT ee UNS CS eS ena vee ae
Wied MoooNA TSO

Se NET
ESS)

Max.
and Min.

ANEMOMETER,

Pressure.

S er Onrrrooo-
S NDONFWH ee

BKowhodoDe

OH e ee OO CODOHOHH

ShpawwS8SsHo

Pres.

Tbs.

Direction of
Wind,

SSW?
SE and SW.
SSW.

S by W.

SW.
SSW : SW by 8?
SW by 8.

Sby W: Sw.

S by W.
S by W.
S by W.

S by W.
SW by W:S by W.
WSW : 8 by W.

SW.

(2? Go —

OBSERVATIONS, AUGUST 18—24. 1843. 157
r ag
| 3 SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &. Es
l i?
i
h.
_ 0. Misty cumuli round horizon, broken cirrous masses; very hazy to E. B
| _ 2. Loose cumuli; very hazy round horizon. B
(«4 Id. ; milky haze near the horizon. Ww
6. Cirrous scud ; very hazy near horizon. Ww
| 8. Cirro-cumulous scud; thick haze. WwW
| 10. Homogeneous. B
| 18. Thick fog, apparently no clouds above; heavy dew. WwW
| 20. Id., id. ; the sun’s disc faintly visible. Ww
22. Hazy on horizon. B
| 0, One or two patches of seud + large masses of cumuli to W.; patches of light cirri to S. (halo. || W
_ 2. Woolly cirri in zenith +- cumuli with cirrous crowns to NW.; patches of cumuli; upper portion ofa solar || B
| 4. Cirrous-edged cumuli + hazy on horizon. WwW
| 6. Patches of clouds; cumuli to SE.; haze on horizon. WwW
8. A mass of pinnacle-cumuli to S.; cirro-strati to E.; cirrous haze and linear cirri round horizon. B
10. Cirro-strati to NW. B
93. A tremendous thunder-storm occurred during the night. The thunder was first heard about 12}, the storm attained its height about 144
when sometimes three bright flashes were seen in the course of as many seconds, the thunder occasionally rattling in half a second after the
lightning: thunder was heard till about 174 but distant. This storm was felt all over Scotland, many accidents occurred. 1*411 inch of
rain has fallen since midnight.
18. Linear cirri, becoming cirrous haze to E.; cirro-strati to SW. B
20. A patch of cirrus + cirro-strati and cirrous haze. B
22. Scud and loose cumuli. Ww
0. Id. Ww
2. Id. Ww
4. Dark scud and cumuli + linear cirri to E. [ance. || W
6. Scud: woolly cirro-cumuli + rows of cirro-cumuli and cirro-strati; the sky has a very disturbed appear- || B
8. Cirro-cumulous scud + cirro-cumuli in bluish cirrous haze. WwW
10. Scud. WwW
18. Thin smoky scud : cirro-cumulous scud, breaking in some places into the finest cirro-cumuli + fine woolly
cirro-cumuli and cirri; clouds of all tints from white to blue in frequent alternation. B
20. Scud + a homogeneous mass; rain. B
(22, Id. + id. id. W
=O. Id. id. id. w
Ba sid. id. id. Ww
4, Id.: cirro-cumulous seud ; cirrous haze. Ww
_ 6. Dark, heavy scud to N.: cirro-cumuli and patches of cirri + cumuli on §. horizon; raining to N. WwW
8. Id., black cumuli and a dark mass of cirrous-edged cloud + cirro-stratus and haze on E. horizon; raining to SE. WwW
10. Scud. [and here lately. WwW
18. A range of scud to S. + cirrous-edged cirro-strati to E.; masses of cirri to S. B
0. Id. id. id. B
22. Masses of loose and ragged cumuli: sheets of mottled cirri, cirro-cumuli, and cirro-strati. WwW
0. Cumuli and cirrous-edged scud + cirro-strati on E. horizon ; a shower lately. Ww
2. Masses of cumuli. Ww
A. + patches of cirri to W. WwW
6. Id. + cirrous haze to S. B
8. Scud and cumuli on N. horizon; cirro-strati and haze on SE. horizon. WwW
10. Clouds on W. horizon. Ww
; [dew.
18. Thick fog + fine cirro-cumuli, linear cirri and cirrous haze to E., the sun’s image well defined in it; heavy B
20. Smoky scud + large cirro-cumuli to W.; cirrous haze to E. B
22. A bank of cirrous haze to E.; patches of cumuli near the horizon. WwW
0. Loose detached cumuli + cirrous haze on E. horizon, Ww
_ 2. Loose cumuli and scud + cirro-strati to S.; black to SE.; cirrous haze to E. Ww
4. Loose-edged cumuli and cirrous scud. Ww

MAG. AND MET. OBS. 1843. 2R

158

Gottingen

Mean Time

of

Observation.

Aug. 25

Aug. 26

Aug. 27

Aug. 28

Aug. 29

Aug. 30

o

eo eocooocooooco ceocece|co ceoecocecoso

Baro-
METER

Corrected.

Datty METEOROLOGICAL

THERMOMETERS.
Wet. | Diff. een
58-7 | 6-5
53-2 | 3-0
51-8 | 0-9
48-0 | 0-9
52:1 | 1-2
55:0 | 5-9 ee
57:3 7-3
57-4 | 8-9
56:8 | 6-4
57-0 | 3-6
56-4 | 2-6
54-9 | 1-7
49-8 | 0-4
51-8 | 1-4
57-9 | 3:3 on
58-0 | 6-0
59-0 | 6-2
53-3 | 0-1
53-4 | 0-3
50-3 | 0-6
50:3 | 0-7

66-6

42-8
46-5 | 0-3
50-8 | 1-2
56:3 | 3-7 | Ot
57:8 | 4:5
57-9 | 3-3
59-6 | 3-4
60-0 | 2-9
60-0 | 0-7
60-0 | 0-2
49-4 | 1-3
49-4 | 26 | 6.4
511 | 48 | 4oy
51:5 | 6-6
54-3 | 8-4
54:8 | 8-3
53-3 | 7-7
50:3 | 5-0
46-9 | 1-9
39-7 | 0-3
45-3 | 11 | 637
51-7 | 3-6 | 30/5
54-4 | 5-6
56-7 7-5
54-0 | 8-9
54:5 | 6-7
52:0 | 2-6
50-0 | 1-0
48-5 | 1:0

0-000

0-000

0-330

0-000

0-105

0-000

ANEMOMETER.,
Pressure. | Direction of

Max. | Pres. Weis
lbs. Tbs.
0-4 | 0-2 S by E.
0-2 | 0-2 SSE.
0-1 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-9 | 0-9 8.
1-9 1-2 S by W.
1-9 | 0-9 8.
18 | 0-4 S by W.
0-6 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-2 | 0-0 SW by S.
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-6 | 0:3 SSW.
0-6 | 0-1 SW.
0-4 | 0-1 SW.
0-4 | 0-0 Sw.
0-3 | 0-4 WSW.
0-4 | 0-0
0-2 | 0-2 Sw.
0-8
1-4 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-6 | 0-6 8 by E.
1-1 0-9 8 by E.
2-9 1-4 S by
2-5 1-0 8.
1:7 1-4 8.
14 | 0-4 8.
0-6 | 0-2 SW.
1-3 | 0-2 WNW
0-4 | 0-1 WSwW.
0-4 | 0-1 WNW
0-5 | 0:3 NW by W.
0-9 | 0-5 Ww.
0-8 | 0-1 W by N.
0-5 | 0-3 Ww.
0-3 | 0-2 WSw.
0:0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-2 | 0-0 Ww.
0-2 | 0-0 SW?
0-1 | 0-0 NNW.
0:0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0:0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0

Quan-
Clouds moving from ee |
Clouds |
|} O10,
8. 6-5
8S: WSW. 6-0
6-0
SSW. 8-5
SSW. 3-0
8: SSW. 2:0,
S by W. 5:0
Sby W:Sby W:SSW.|| 40
S by W. 9-5
S by W: 9-9
SSW: S by W. 6-0
3-5
SSW ?: SSW. 5-0
1:0
Sw. 5-0
SW. 9-0
Sw. 8-0
SW. 10-0
Sw. 9-8
2-5
0-3
WSW. 7-0
WSwW. 10-0
SSW. 9-7
8. 9-9
8. 9-9
SSW. 10-0
SSW. 10-0
8? 10-0
10-0
2.
0-5
NW and NNW. 1:3
W by N and NW. 3-0
w. 4-5
WNW. 4.0
Ww. 15
0-4
0-0
0-3
0-3
ww. 2-0
w. 9.0
W byS 8-8
Ww. 6-0
w. 7-0
SSW. 8.0
6-0
WSW.

OBSERVATIONS, AuGuST 24—30. 1848.

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e.

159

Observer’s
Initial.

eh.
_ 6. Cirrous scud and cumuli + linear cirri to §.; hazy to E.
_ 8. Scud and cumuli: thin cirrous haze and light cirri over most of the sky.

10. Sky almost covered with thin cirrous haze and linear cirri; patch of scud to W.

_ 18. Cirro-cumulous scud and woolly cirri + thick mass of cirro-strati to E. and SE.; mist; heavy dew.

920. Loose cirro-cumuli, mottled and feathered cirri, cirro-cumuli to E. haying the appearance of a bridge + cirro-strati to E.; range of cumulo-

_ 22. Masses of loose cumuli: sheets of cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati to E. [strati to N.

_ 0. Loose cumuli + patches of cirro-strati.

_ 2. Detached cumuli: cirro-cumulous scud : thin mottled cirri.

_ 4, Seud + thick mass of cirrous clouds ; cirro-strati and cumuli to E.; a few drops of rain.
' 6. Id. + id. ; id.

_ 8. Loose scud near horizon: cirro-cumulous scud.

10. Scud.

18. Cirrous scud to W.: feathered and woolly cirri to §. + thick mass of linear cirri and cirrous haze to E.
_ 20. Cirri; haze to E.
22. Scud and loose eumuli.
—«0. Id. + cirrous clouds.
2: Id. ; dark seud to SW.
_ 4, Scud + thick cirrous haze. Thunder and heavy showers at 34,
6. Id. + cumuli on S. horizon; heavy shower.
8. Scud and cirrous clouds near horizon.
10. Scud.

i 4

18. Woolly cirri and large woolly cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati round horizon.
20. Thick nearly homogeneous cirrous mass + cirro-strati to E.; a few drops of rain.
y 22. Thick mass of cirro-cumulous clouds, scud and cumuli to S.; clouds breaking, sky to N. and S.; cirro-strati and cirrous haze to E. and S.
. Scud + dense cirrous mass.
Id. + id.
Id. + id. ; black to N.
Loose scud +— cirrous clouds ; a few drops of rain.

_ 8. Thin scud, nearly homogeneous; light rain.
10. Id., id. ; light rain; the wind blew 0:8 Ib. in a few minutes after this.

‘18. Scud and cirro-cumuli to SE. ; cirro-strati on E. horizon ; fine linear cirri to W.
| 20. Cirro-strati to E. and to W. lying NE. to SW.

| 22. Loose cumuli and scud + cirrous haze to E. ;

f 0. Id. - id. [from W.
_ 2. Loose cumuli in detached masses which have an internal motion from NW. and W., the whole moving

4, Loose cumuli.

6. Id.
+8. Cirrous haze to E.; patches of loose cumuli to E.
10. Very clear, not a speck of cloud to be seen.

18. Cirro-strati to N.; heavy dew.
20. Linear cirri to E. ; patches of clouds to E.

Id.
Id.; cirrous haze to W.
Loose gray cirro- cumuli, scattered over the sky, which is quite milky.
Id. id.

. Cirro-cumulous scud + cirrous clouds and cirro-cumuli.

Ssqgnaesun seguneequn 444

4 WwSesgrnnes wos sewnnss Gwe drwwas

160 DatLty METEOROLOGICAL

aoe THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER.
Gottingen aca
Mean Time P. :
of METER : axe ressure. | Direction of || Clouds moving from
Obrorvations Corrected.|| Dry. | Wet. ~ land Min. pag Raa Wind.

in. Se
29-965 . ; 0 | WoyN.
972 . . ; F W by N.

a. oh.
Aug. 30 20
22

oos8

Aug. 31

972 . : : : SW by S.
958 : : : . SW by 8.
950 : . . . . Wsw.
953 |) 62- : : : : SW by 8.
949 E E P : : SW by 8.
961 . : . ‘0 | NW by W?

29.999
30-027 i : ; : : SW by W.
30-059 52+ k o i WSW.
30-063 :

30-091
30-090
30-091
30-097
30-114

30-073
081
085
086
077

oooooocooco oooooococ oooscoso

EO PRO ES Col ES ee aa ee ESS ee
AwWooDdE wom OTe ee

o

WwNw.
WNw.

NW by W: NW by W.
NW by N.
NNW.

NW by N.

NW by N.

cocooococ cocoooocooc cocececeso

OBSERVATIONS, AUGUST 30—SEPTEMBER 6. 1843.

1]
SpeciEs or CLoups, &.

| 20. Cirrous haze and linear cirri.
| 22. Fine cirro-cumuli, becoming very small at the edges, lying in lines from NW. ; linear cirri lying in diffe-
3 rent directions, chiefly from NW.; woolly and flame cirri, all moving slowly ; cirrous haze to E.
0. A few patches of woolly cirri or cirrous scud ? + sky nearly covered with fine linear cirri and cirrous haze; solar halo.
2. Thick large woolly cirro-cumuli +~ cirrous haze to E.
4. Thick cirrous haze and cirro-cumuli; cirro-strati round horizon.
| 6. Thin seud, moving slowly + thick cirro-cumuli and cirrous haze; slight rain lately.
8. Thick cirrous clouds, black cirro-cumuli below ; a little ago, sky seen with beautifully mottled and feathered cirri and cirro-cumuli.
0.

. Cirrous clouds ?; sky in zenith.

18. Cirro-cumulo-strati +- linear and mottled cirri to E.; cirro-strati on E. horizon; loose scud lying on
\f 20. Id. + cirro-strati to E. [Cheviot.
| 22. Id. . +— id.
Scud + thick cirrous haze and cirro-cumuli; cirro-strati on horizon.
Id. + cirrous clouds.
Id. + id. ; loose cumuli on N. horizon.
. Cirro-cumulo-strati + loose scud near horizon.
Seud + cirro-cumuli and cirrous haze; dark to E.; light rain.
Scud and cirrous clouds.

es

SCOMPNONSS SOmMANOS

me

* Seud + thick mass of cirrous clouds.
Id. + id.
Cirrous scud: woolly cirro-cumuli; cirrous haze.
Scud + cirro-cumuli and cirrous clouds.
Id. + id.
Id. + id.
Id. + id.
. Cirro-cumulo-strati and cirro-strati; cirrous haze to E.
Scud + cirrous haze.

—
oO

Beautiful strata of mottled, reticulated, and woolly cirri, the lines lying at right angles to the direction of the strata; patches of scud to SW.
20. Sheets of thin, woolly, fretted, and cirro-cumulous cirro-strati, lying from WNW.; streaks of fine mottled cirri; cirrous haze; loose cumulion Cheviot.

2. Loose cumuli, agitated by different currents: large woolly cirro-cumuli to N. and E. + cirro-strati to N.
0. Loose cumuli + cirro-strati to N. and E. {and E.
2. Id. a id.
4. Scud and loose cumuli +~ cirrous haze to NE.
6. Id. + id.
8. Cirro-strati to NE.
10. Streaks of cirro-stratus to NE.
18. A sheet of cirro-stratus to E.; heavy dew.
20. A strip of cirro-stratus to NE.
22. Id.
(0. Id.
2. Sheets of cirro-cumuli and mottled cirri, cirro-strati + cirro-strati and cirrous haze on NE. and N. horizon.
4, Id., id. — id. id.
6. Id., id. + id. id.
iS. Id., id.
(0. Thin scud, cirro-cumuli and cirro-strati; light shower; a lunar rainbow for a few minutes, quite complete.

CO
°

Cirro-cumulo-strati +- patches of woolly cirri above cirro-strati to E.
Id. + id.
. Masses of loose cumuli and seud to W.: sheets of cirro-cumuli and mottled cirri +— cirro-strati on horizon.
. Scud and loose cumuli + cirro-cumuli; cumulo-strati on E. horizon ; dark to SW.
Cirro-cumulo-strati + cumulo-strati to SE. ; cirro-strati.
| 4, Woolly cirro-cumuli, moving slowly + cumuli on S. horizon.
4

pons

sr |

cs ee

MAG. AND MET. OBS. 1843. 2s
B

oe
fon)
=

bserver’s
Initial.

waddddudd waddddudd wodduws Z| °

weqqun Sqnndgduw qunnddduw

162

Daity METEOROLOGICAL

Clouds moving from

Wsw.

SE.
SE by S.
NE: SSE.
E: SE: SSE.
WSW and NNW: SE by E.

ENE.

E?

SSE and SE.

SSE.

are THERMOMETERS. 2 ANEMOMETER.
Gottingen
Mean Time sajna fi ee Preaure is
of 4 : ax. AUGE. Z irection of
Observation: Corrected.|| Dry. Wet. Diff. adiiann| - Wind.
ax. | Pres.
a. oh ans in. eS 2 eo O in. Ibs, Ibs.
Sept. 6 6 0 30-018 || 68-7 | 64-4 4-3 0-2 | 0-1 WS8w.
8 0 026 || 62-5 | 60-7 1-8 0-0 | 0-0
10) 30: 028 || 60-7 | 59-0 1-7 0-0 | 0-0
18 0 | 30-040 || 44-1 | 43-0 1-1 0:0 | 0-0
20 0 056 || 52-3 | 51-0 1-3 73.6 0-0 | 0-0
22 0 054 || 60-3 | 54-8 5-5 41-5 0-1 | 0-1 WSw.
Sept. 7 0 0 052 || 65-6 | 56.4 9.2 0-000 0-4 | 0-4 SW.
2 0 039 | 69:0 | 59-0 | 10-0 0-4 | 0:3 SW by S.
4 0 033 | 71-3 | 61-8 9-5 0-6 | 0-0 SW by W.
6 0 027 || 68:0 | 61-0 7-0 0-3 | 0-0
8 0 038 || 59-0 | 57-2 1-8 0-1 | 0-0
10 0 048 || 54-2 | 53-3 0-9 0-0 | 0-0
18 0 30-051 || 42-0 | 41-2 0-8 0-0 | 0-0
20 0 055 | 49-3 | 47-8 1:5 71.0 0:0 | 0-0
22 0 057 || 59-9 | 56-6 3:3 40-5 0:0 | 0-0
Sept. 8 0 0 051 || 71-5 | 63-2 8-3 0-000 0-1 | 0-1 Sw.
2 0 027 || 75-6 | 65-8 9-8 0-2 | 0-0 SW.
4 0 009 || 76-3 | 65-0 | 11-3 0-0 | 0-0
6 0 000 || 73-6 | 67-8 5:8 0-0 | 0-0
8 0 007 || 62-8 | 60-0 2-8 0:0 | 0-0
10 0 017 || 56-6 | 54-9 1-7 0-0 | 0-0
18 0 29-993 || 49-3 | 48-9 0-4 0-0 | 0-0
20 0 30-006 || 52-0 | 52-0 0-0 77.0 0:0 | 0-0
22 0 30-009 || 60-0 | 58-9 1-1 47-4 0-0 | 0-0
Sept. 9 0 0 | 29-985 | 69-3 | 64-0 | 5-3 |“! |) O99 || 0-0 | 0.0
rN 29-945 || 75-6 | 64-3 | 11-3 0-2 | 0-1 SE.
4 0 29-923 || 76-0 | 63-8 | 12-2 0-6 | 0-2 SSE.
6 0 29-915 || 70-9 | 60-8 | 10-1 0-3 | 0-1 SSE.
io 10 29-922 || 62:3 | 58-4 3-9 0-3 | 0-0
10 0 29-920 || 54-7 | 54-3 0-4 0-0 | 0-0
76-7
Sept.10 0 0 46-4 0-000 || 0-2
18 0 29-675 || 57-9 | 57-4 0:5 03 | 0-0
20; 0 29-729 || 59-7 | 59-3 0.4 71.0 0:0 | 0.0
22: 0 29-763 || 62-0 | 61-2 0-8 54.8 0-2 | 0-1 NE by N.
Sept. 11 0 10 29-798 || 65-2 | 62-6 2-6 0-202 0-2 | 0-1 NE.
20 29-832 || 68-3 | 64-6 3-7 : 0-2 | 0-1
40 29°869 || 63-1 61-6 1:5 0-6 | 0-2 NE by N.
6 0 29-904 || 61-8 | 60-5 1:3 0-3 | 0-1 NNE.
8 0 29-948 || 59-6 | 59-0 0-6 0-0 | 0-0
10 0 30-002 || 57-2 | 57-1 0-1 0-0 | 0-0
18 0 30-087 || 58-0 | 57-7 0-3 0:0 | 0-0
20 0 124 || 57-9 | 57-6 0-3 70.4 0-0 | 0-0
22 0 136 || 60-0 | 59-3 0-7 56.5 0-0 | 0-0
Sept.12 0 0 144 63-3 | 61-9 1-4 0-008 0:0 | 0-0
2 0 133 || 67-7 | 64:3 3-4 0-2 | 0-1 ENE.
4 0 117 || 64-6 | 61-9 2-7 05 | 0-3 ENE.
6 0 110 || 64-7 | 61-2 3-5 -- | 0-2 ENE.
8 0 131 || 59-3 | 58-7 0-6 0-2 | 0-1 ENE.
10 0 131 || 56-2 | 55-6 0-6 0-1 | 0-12 ENE.
18 0 30-086 || 47-0 | 46-6 0-4 0-0 | 0-0
20 0 083 || 50-7 | 50-1 0-6 72.9 0:0 | 0-0
22 0 069 || 55-2 | 54-7 0:5 0:0 | 0-0
44-9
Sept. 94 44,

|
When the dry and wet thermometers were carried to the E. end of the Observatory the readings were 75°8 and 622,

ne

OBSERVATIONS, SEPTEMBER 6—12. 1843.

Sprcies or CLoups, &.

163

Observer’s
Tnitial.

. Woolly cirro-cumuli, moving slowly +- cirro-strati to E., sheets of cirro-cumuli.

Id. + cirro-cumulo-strati to W., cirro-strati.

. Cirro-cumuli; a dark mass of cirro-cumulous scud to Ww.

. Fog on the ground : sheets of fretted woolly cirri.
. Diffuse cirri.
. Light cirri to N.

Id. NE.

. Small patches of cirrus, thin cirrous haze on E. horizon.
. Diffuse cirri to NE.

Id.

; Small patches of cirrus, cirrous haze to E.
. Beautifully clear.

. Patches of mottled and diffuse cirri, cirrous haze to E., fog, heavy dew.

Id., id. id, id.

| Streaks of cirro-stratus to NE.

. A few patches of cirro-cumuli.

. Bundles of flame-like and curl cirri to N. and NW., cirrous haze on N. horizon.
. Curled, mottled, and flame-like cirri; hazy on horizon.

. Pathes of cirrus, thick cirrous haze on 8. and E. horizon.

Id.

. Thin cirrous haze covering a great part of the sky.
. Patches of cirri; thick fog and very heavy dew.
id.

Id. ; id.

Id. ; cirrous haze on N. and E. horizon.
Id. ; id.

Td.; id.

. Thin cirri forming ; id.

. Diffuse cirri; brown haze to E.

. Cirri and cirro-strati to N. and NW.

. Streaks of cirri and cirrous haze to N.

Cirro-cumulous scud +~ loose scud ; rain during the night.

. Scud + loose misty scud, very low, creeping along N. horizon. [streaks of mottled cirri.
. Thin smoky scud, very low, moving quickly, sometimes covering the whole sky : masses of woolly cirrous cloud or loose cumuli, moving slowly +
. Thin scud; seud: woolly seud +~ fine cirri.
. Smoky scud in two currents, lately : woolly scud + cumuli to S.
. Homogeneous misty scud.
. Thin misty scud + loose cumuli to SW.; general haze.
. Thick misty scud.
Id.

. Fog.

Id.

. Homogeneous scud ; fog.

Id.; fog, distant.

. Woolly loose cumuli; hazy.
. Loose cumuli on S. and E. horizon; hazy on horizon.

6. Loose cumuli and scud on E, and §. horizon ; hazy on horizon; streaks of cirri to NE.

. Loose, ragged, detached, smoky scud.
i Id.

if . Clouds near the horizon, thin fog, heavy dew.
. Thick fog.
. Loose cumuli, patches moving across the zenith evaporate ; clouds of mist rising from the ground to E.

Sqr esqqre fuer sssuw seuneeern 440

wes we esnuwds Wedgsunnss

164

Gottingen
Mean Time
of
Observation.

a,
Sept. 13

Sept.14 0

Sept. 15 0

to
So
cooocoocoo oooscs

_
[=]
to

Sept. 16 0

Sept. 17 0
8

Sept.18 0

bo
to
ceoooooo ocosooocoocece +cao cocoocoeooeso

SoocoS SCOCOCOEH

Baro-
METER

Corrected.

in.
30-036
29-995
29-958
29-936
29-931
29-910

29-807
798
798
783

757
755

Dairy METEOROLOGICAL

THERMOMETERS.
RAIN

Dry. | Wet. | Diff. ee Berees
62-1 | 58-4 | 3-7
65-9 | 59-0 | 69 sate
64.0 | 568 | 7-2
59-6 | 55:6 | 4:0
52.6 | 50-9 | 1-7
47-8 | 468 | 1-0
43-9 | 43-7 | 0.2
50-0 | 49-6 | 0.4
55-7 | 55-0 | 0-7 eee
62:4 | 57-8 | 46 hide
65-6 | 59-1 | 65
648 | 58-2 | 66
61-0 | 57-2 | 3.8
57.0 | 55-7 | 1-3
56-2 | 55-3 | 0.9
55.9 | 55-3 | 06
57-0 | 56-4 | 0-6
59-9 | 58-5 | 1.4 se
64-4 | 61-0 | 3-4 |
67-9 | 63-2 | 4.7
67-2 | 59-1 | 8-1
63:0 | 58-0 | 5-0
56-7 | 54-8 | 1.9
51-8 | 51-2 | 0-6
46-0 | 45-9 | 0-1
49-6 | 49-3 | 0.3
58-2 | 57-0 | 1.2 ve
69-9 | 64-4 | 5.5 ae ee
71.9 | 63-2 | 8.5 000
70-6 | 63-2 | 7.4
67-0 | 62-2 | 4.8
59-2 | 58-8 | 0.4
55-6 | 54.9 | 0.7

74-2

48-6
53:8 | 53-7 | 0-1
60-3 | 59-1:| 1-2
63:3 | 59:0 | 4-3 ae
67-7 | 63-5 | 4.2 i
66:1 | 62-6 | 3-5 0-084
59:2 | 56-7 | 2.5
59-6 | 56-1 | 3-5
54-3 | 52.2 | 2.1
50-3 | 49-1 | 1.2
39-3 | 38:7 | 0-6
43-4 | 430 | 04 |.
51-0 | 49-7 | 1.3 A
59-7 | 55-1 | 4.6 5 |
64-0 | 58-0 | 6.0 04
66-2 | 59-9 | 6-3
59-3 | 56-1 | 3-2

ANEMOMETER,
Pressure. Direction of
Max. | Pres. VRE
Tbs. lbs.
0 0-12 SSE.
0-3 SE by E.
0-2 SE by 8,
0-5 | 0-2 SE.
0-0
0-0
0-0
0-0
0-1 SE?
0-0 ENE?
0-4 | 0-3 ENE.
0-3 | 0-2 NE by E.
oe | O1 NE.
see | OL NE?
0-0 | 0-0
0-2 NE.
se | 0-0
0-4 | 0-3 NE.
0-4 | 0-4 NE.
0-6 | 0-5 NE by E.
0-5 | 0-5 NE.
0-4 tare
0-3 | 0-0 ESE ?
0-2 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-1 0-0
1-8 1-7 8 by E.
1-3) ilies 8 by W.
2-1 1.2 8.
1:3 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-7 SSW
0-7 | 0-0 SW by 8.
0-9 | 0-7 SW by S
2-1 1:8 SW.
2-3 1-4 SW.
9.7 | 1-3 SSW.
1-1 | 0-1 Ww.
0-1 0-1 Ww?
0-2 | 0-0
0-1 | 0-0
0-1 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-6 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-2 | 0-1 ESE ?
0-0 | 0-0

Clouds moving from

SE?

SE,

NE.
Various.

SSE : SSW.
8.
8.

NE.
ESE?

September 134 75144 23h,

were estimated.

The suspending cord of the Anemometer weight having broken, the observations during this period

2°
to 62

Ss
to

eon ae ee
So wb

1:3

go go bo OAT
Sounda

©
co

SS ss eS eS, ee

5 Im

OBSERVATIONS, SEPTEMBER 13—19. 1843.

]
SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.
i}

h.
0. Patches of loose cumuli; hazy to E.
2. Id. ; id.
j 4, Cumulo-stratus on E. horizon.
6. Scud and loose cumuli low on E. horizon,
i

10. Id.

18. Seud.
20. Thick fog. . [ground to E.
22. Thin scud, much of it having a rotatory motion + loose-edged cumuli on horizon ; Mist rising from the
0. Loose cumuli moving from all directions between ESE. and SSW., breaking into ragged patches which
vanish before reaching the Prime Vertical; mottled cirri and cirrous haze to S. and E.
2. Cirrous scud : varieties of cirri + cirro-strati to S.
| 4. Cirro-cumuli, woolly cirri and cirrous haze + patches of cumuli to N.
6. Cirro-cumuli and thick cirrous haze + patches of scud on E. horizon,
Es. Id. -— id. ; red to NW.
10. Homogeneous; a few drops of rain.

| 18. Homogeneous.
20. Id.
22. | Id; foggy cloud.
0. Patches of loose cumuli + cirrous haze to W.
9. Patches of scud to N. and of cirro-strati to S.
_ 4. Sheets of cirro-cumuli, mottled cirri and cirro-strati to S.; patch of scud to N.
6. Large cirro-cumuli + masses of scud on E. horizon; woolly and mottled cirri to N.
| 8. Patches of cirro-strati and cirro-cumuli.
10. Id.

MH /

18. Foggy.

20. Id.; linear and woolly cirri.

22. Cirro-strati and linear cirri to N.

_ 0. Loose cumuli: cirro-cumuli and mottled cirri; cirro-strati on horizon.
_ 2. Loose cumuli: cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati on E. and §. horizon.

4. Id. + haze on E. horizon.
«C6. Id. + id.

8. Id. : cirro-cumuli.

10.

i
>
‘
f 8 + 1748 20™—9h. Much lightning was observed due south, frequent and bright flashes, but often faint ; no clouds nor thunder,

18. Thin scud : thick scud ; clouds breaking ; thick to E.; sky milky.

}20. Scud + patches of cirro-strati.

22. Id., moving rapidly + patches of linear cirri; cirro-strati on S. and NE. horizon.
| 0. Scud + linear cirri.

22, Ia. + | id.

| 4. Thick scud ; occasional showers.

| 6. Woolly cirri + patches of scud and dark cirro-strati.

8. Patches of scud ; cirrous clouds.

10. A faint aurora beyond clouds to N.; slight pulsations.

18. Red cirro-strati to E.; rather thick fog; heavy dew.
20. Feathered, diffuse, and crystallized-like cirri, moving slowly.
22. Woolly and curled cirri, moving slowly +~ large cirro-cumuli to S.; cirro-strati near horizon.
‘0. Cirro-cumulo-strati + linear cirri and cirro-strati.
2. Cirro-cumuli, woolly cirri, and cirrous haze.
4. Loose woolly cirro-cumuli.
b. Id. + woolly cirri.

—
for)
or

Observer’s
Initial.

edddduw ddeuddduws didgddgud wedded wddow wag woddoe |

MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1848. 2T

166

Gottingen
Mean Time
of

Observation.

Sept. 20 0

Sept. 21 0

Sept. 22 0

Sept. 23 0

Sept. 24 0

Sept. 25 0

coco ooceocecoo

Barko-
METER

in.
30-025
29-999

29-899
887

Corrected.

DaiLy METEOROLOGICAL

THERMOMETERS.
Dey. | Wet.< | SDH ere
55-0 | 53-7 | 13
55-3 | 53-7 | 1-6
50-3 | 49-9 | 0.4
50-5 | 50-2 | 0:3
61-7 | 59-1 | 26 | $73
67-5 | 62-9 | 4.6
66-1 | 61-3 | 4-8
668 | 61-7 | 5-1
64-1 | 60-6 | 3-5
59-0 | 57-6 | 1-4
593 | 57-8 | 15
59-7 | 56-6 | 3-1
60-7 | 57-4 | 3:3
63:5 | 59:0 | 4.5 | So's
64-3 | 58-0 | 63
63-4 | 56-5 | 69
64.9 | 57-6 | 7-3
60-9 | 55-8 | 5-1
51-1 | 50-1 | 1-0
47-2 | 461 | 1-1
419 | 41-8 | 0-1
45-7 | 45-0 | 0-7
52-4 | 51-0 | 1-4 ae
59-4 | 56-0 | 3-4
66-2 | 59:3 | 69
69-7 | 60-3 | 9.4
64-1 | 60-3 | 38
55-3 | 55-02| 0-3?
51-0 | 49-7 | 1-3
42.0 | 41-8 | 0.2
45-5 | 45-0 | 0-5
53.0 | 518 | 12 | $3
62-8 | 59-0 | 3:8
68-8 | 61-8 | 7-0
71-9 | 62:3 | 9-6
66-1 | 62-0 | 4-1
61-7 | 59-6 | 21
55-2 | 54.2 | 1.0

no tss

51-5
48-9 | 48-8 | 0-1
48-1 | 47-6 | 0-5

48.0 | 45:3 | 27 | 827

50-0 | 44.6 | 5.4 | 4
50-9 | 44-4 | 65
50-1 | 44-6 | 5:5
49.0 | 44.9 | 4-1
46-0 | 42-9 | 3-1
43-0 | 41-1 | 1-9
44.2 | 40-9 | 3.3
45-6 | 42-5 | 3-1

475 | 43.0 | 4.5 | 303

0-000

0-000

0-000

0-000

0-058

ANEMOMETER.

eee Direction of
Max. | Pres. Wind.
lbs. Ibs.

0-1 | 0.0 ESE.
0-0 | 0-0

0-1 | 0-0

0-0 | 0-0

0-2 | 0-3 S by E
0-7 | 0-3 SW.
0-7 | 0-6 Sw.
1-0 | 1-0 SSW.
1-0 | 0-3 SW.
0:5 | 0-2 | SW by W?
1-2 | 0-3 Sw.
0-6 | O-1

0-9 | 0:3 SW.
0:3 | 0:3 Wis
1:0 | 0-7 NW.
0-9 | 0-5 Ww.
0:3 | O-1

0-2 | 0-0

0-0 | 0-0

0-0 | 0-0

0-0 | 0-0

00 | 0-0

0-0 | 0-0

0-1 | 0-0 WwNw?
0:0 | 0-0

0-0 | 0-0

0-1 | 0-0

0-1 | 0-0 NE.
0-0 | 0-0

0-0 | 0-0

0-0 | 0-0

0:0 | 0-0

0-0 | 0-0

0-0 | 0-0

0-0 | 0-0

0-0 | 0-0

0-2 | 0-0 S?
0-2 | 0-0 S
0-1

0-3 | 0-2 NE by N
0-2 | 0-0 NE by N
0-7 | 0-4 N by E.
08 | 0-9 N.
15 | 0-9 N.
2:0 | 0-5 N.
0-5 | 0-1 N by E.
0-2 | 0-0

0-1 | 0-0

0-4 | 0-2 NNW.
0-3 | 0-0 N by W
0-4 | 0-3 NNW.

Clouds moving from

NE.

Www.

o—10. | |
75 |)
9-8 ia

9-0
2-0
3-0
7:5
8-5
5:5
9-5
0-5
1-0

9-5
9-8
7-0
3-0
2:0
0-5
0:3
0:0
0-0

0-1
0-8

tS

eooossoose

OBSERVATIONS, SEPTEMBER 19—25. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLouDs, &c.

Observer's
Tnitial.

. Cirrous seud, woolly cirro-cumuli.
. Scud ; a lightish appearance to NNW., like aurora.

18. Scud and loose cumuli, moving slowly + cirro-strati; sky hazy ; light mist.
20. Patches of scud: feathered cirri.

P22. Id. : woolly cirro-cumuli; haze on E. horizon.
0. Loose cumuli and scud + patches of linear and woolly cirri.
2. Id. id.
4. Scud.

6. Id. + cirrous clouds to N.; cumuli on N. horizon.
8. Masses of scud near horizon.
10. Cirro-strati to N.

18. Scud + cirro-strati on E. horizon.
' 20. Id. + id.
| 22, Id. + feathered and woolly cirri.
0. Cirrous-edged and loose cumuli + varieties of cirri.
2. Masses of scud + cirri and cirro-strati to E.
4. Loose cumuli + cirro-strati to S.
6. Cirro-strati on S. horizon; cirrous haze on E. horizen.
8. Clear.
10. Id.

18. A streak of cirro-stratus to NE. ; light mist.
20. Cirrous scud to N. and NE.

| 22. Clear.
0. Id.
2. Id.
4. A few patches of hazy cirro-stratus to NNW.
6. Id.
«8. Id.
10. Clear.

18. Cirro-strati on NE. horizon; stratus in the valleys; heavy dew.

20. Mottled cirri and cirro-strati to N. and E.

22. Streaks of cirro-strati to E.

0. Hazy cirro-strati to E.

_ 2, Woolly and linear cirri + hazy cirro-stratus on E. horizon.
4. Patches of cirri; haze to E.
6
8
0.

5 Id. to N.
. Clear.
Id.

SSS saaaduw feendessun Howe dwsdy bgeasasgun 44

8. Seud; slight drizzle.

Id. ; id.

Id. + cirro-strati and cirrous clouds.
0. Masses of scud to S.: woolly cirri + cirro-strati to NE.
2. Scud: cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri.

4, Scud and loose cumuli + cirrous clouds.

—«6. Id. — id.

| 8. Scud and cirrous clouds.

10.
8.
0
2

18. Scud + linear cirri and cirro-strati to NE.
. Woolly cirri and large cirro-cumuli + heavy dense masses of cirro-strati all round the horizon.
. Scud.

444 444444448

168 DAILy METEOROLOGICAL

Daa THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER.
Gottingen Rae
Mean Time RAIN Pressure ; 4 +
of eee ‘ Max. |/Gauae. *_| Direction of || Clouds moving from
Observation. || Corrected. Dry. | Wet. | Diff. |,nain, 7 Wind.
ax. | Pres.
d. h m in, = sy t tS in. lbs. Tbs.
Sept. 26 0 0 || 29-949 | 49-0 | 43-0 | 6-0 0.000 || 07 | 0-6 NNW. NNW: NbyE.
2 0 914 || 52-7 | 45-4 | 7-3 1-1 | 0-4 N. N.
4 0 862 || 51-4 | 44-4 | 7-0 1:0 | 0-3 | Nby W. N by W.
6 0 809 || 49-7 | 43-0 | 6-7 0-3 | 0-1 NNW. N.
8 0 760 || 48-3 | 43-8 | 4.5 0-1 | 0-0
10 0 730 || 46-7 | 45-2 | 1-5 0-1 | 0-0
18 0 || 29-627 | 40-5 | 38-0 | 2-5 0-7 | 0-0 N: Nw.
20 0 606 || 43-9 | 40-9 | 3.0 | .5 5 0-6 | 0-2 NNW. N by W.
22 0 599 || 46-7 | 41-0 | 5-7 | 304 1-5 | 1-2 | Nby W. N.
Sept.27 0 0 585 || 49-3 | 43-9 | 5-4 0.005 || 1:6 | 0-4 N. Nby E.
2 0 571 || 49-3 | 43-7 5-6 1-6 | 1-0 N by W. Nby E: NbyE.
4,0 568 || 48-6 | 44.0 | 4.6 1-4 | 0-6 | Nby W. N by E.
6 0 574 || 43-0 | 41-3 | 1-7 2:1 | 0-2 | Nby W. N by E.
8 0 582 || 43-2 | 40-9 | 2.3 0-9 | 0-1 | Nby W. N by E.
10 0 586 || 45-0 | 41-4 | 3.6 0-6 | 0-9 | Nby W
18 0 || 29-600 | 40-6 | 38-5 | 2-1 1:0 | 0-2 | NW by W. Nby E.
20 0 616 || 41-6 | 39.0 | 26 | .0 5 0-3 | 0-2 | NW byN. N by E.
22 0 623 | 46.6 | 41-7 | 4-9 | 3.7 1:3 | 0-7 | NW by N
Sept.28 0 0 623 || 48-1 | 42-2 | 5.9 0.012 || 24 | 2:2 | Nby w. N
250 634 || 50-2 | 44.2 | 6.0 2:2 | 1-6 | N by W. N
4 0 629 | 51-1 | 44.9 | 6-2 1:8 | 0-8 N. N:N.
6 0 656 || 47-1 | 43-7 | 3.4 1-6 | 0-1 N. Nby W:N
8 0 685 || 44-3 | 42:0 | 2.3 0-2 | 0-0
10 0 705 || 42-4 | 40-8 | 1-6 0:0 | 0-0
18 0 || 29-741 || 35.0 | 34-4 | 0-6 0-1 | 0-0 NW.
20 0 749 || 35-6 | 34-7 | 0-9 51-8 0-0 | 0-0 NNW.
22 0 746 || 45-0 | 42-9 | 21 30.6 0-0 | 0-0 NNW.
Sept.29 0 0 735 || 49-0 | 44.4 | 4.6 0.005 || 2 | 0-1 NW? W:NNW
2 0 694 || 53-1 | 47-8 | 5-3 0-3 | 0-5 | SW by W W: NNW.
4 0 683 || 51-8 | 47-7 | 4.1 0-5 | O-1 W by S W by N.
6 0 635 || 50-9 | 47-9 | 3-0 0-3 | 0-1 Ww. W.
8 0 614 || 49-9 | 47.2 | 2.7 0-6 | 0-2 | SWby W
10 0 555 || 48-1 | 47-9 | 0.2 0-7 | 0-3 SW
18 0 |} 29-385 | 53-9 | 52.7 | 1.2 1:5 | 0-0 WwNw.
20 0 428 | 56-0 | 54-3 | 1-7 | 245 0-1 | 0-0 NW by W: NW.
22 0 468 || 60-0 | 56-8 | 3-2 | 465 0-3 :|0-4 | WbyS. WNW : WNW.
Sept.30 0 0 490 || 64-0 | 58-9 | 5-1 0.252 || 9-9 | 0-5 Wsw. NW by W.
20 512 || 62-2 | 57-2 | 5.0 1-1 | 1-1 Ww. WNW : NW by N.
4 0 542 || 62-0 | 57-1 | 4-9 1-6 | 0-3 w. WNW: Nw. ~°
6 0 568 || 57-0 | 55-3 | 1-7 0-5 | 0-1 | ,WNW. WNw.
8 0 563 || 55-1 | 54-9 | 0-2 0-2 | 0-1 SW
10 0 552 || 55-7 | 55-5 | 0-2 0:3 | 0-2 SW.
64-5
Oct. 1 0 0 54.0 || 0°404 || 1:3 | 0-7 SW.
18 0 || 29-626 || 51-1 | 47-9 | 3.2 2-4 | 0-5 Wsw. WNW : W by N.
20 0 658 | 51-1 | 48-0 | 3-1 | 6, 1:0 | 0-5 W. W byN.
22) (1) 671 || 54:3 | 49-0 | 5-3 : 1-6 | 1-6 w. W by N: W.
Oct. 2 0 0 685 || 55-6 | 50-3 | 5.3 | 484 21/16 | WNw. W: WNW.
2 0 695 | 57-6 | 50-9 | 67 0-008 | 9.4 | 1.3 | WoyN.v.|| Woy N: WNW.
40 711 | 56-9 | 50-2 | 6-7 18 | 1-2 | WbyN. W by N.
6 0 731 || 52-1 | 47-6 | 4-5 2:0 | 0-8 | WbyS.
8 0 777 || 49-3 | 465 | 28 0-7 | O1 WSsw. WNW : WNW.
10. 0 796 || 46-5 | 44.4 2-1 0-3 | O-1 WSw. WNW.

OBSERVATIONS, SEPTEMBER 26—OcToBER 2. 1843. 169

SPECIES OF CLOUDs, &c.

bserver’s
Initial.

6. Id. + cirrous clouds.
8 Id + id.
10. &Id.; slight drizzle at 94.

| 18. Scud: thin cirro-cumuli to 8.
20. Ia.

' 0. Scud and loose cumuli.
2. Id.: cirri.
4. Scud and cirrous-edged loose cumuli +— loose nimbus to E.; occasional slight showers.
_ Id. + loose cumulo-strati on E.and NE, horizon; nimbi to S: and SE.; passing showers.
| 8. Scud ; passing showers.
/10. Id

. Scud + cirro-strati to S. and W.

. Scud and loose cumuli + cirro-cumuli..
» Masses of scud : large cirro-cumuli.

i Id. id.

. Seud and cirro-cumuli.

. Scud.

Scud + linear cirri to NW. lying ENE. to WSW.; hoar-frost.

. Varieties of cirri + cumulo-strati on E., and cirro-strati on S. horizon.
Woolly and diffuse cirri with cirrous haze,

. Masses of scud : woolly and curled cirri.

Id.: large cirro-cumuli,

. Seud.
Id. + cirrous clouds and haze.
Id. ; a few drops of rain.

. Heavy rain.

8. Scud.
Id.: woolly, linear, and mottled cirri.
Id.: id. ; cirro-strati on horizon.
. Scud and loose cumuli + cirro-cumulo-strati to SW. ;
Id. : cirro-cumuli +~ linear cirri to E.; thick mass of cirro-strati to W.
Id. : id. +— dense cirro-strati.all round the horizon ;, woolly cirri.
. Dense homogeneous mass of cirro-stratus ; light rain.
. Light rain.
. Raining rather heavily.

44eeeeeee4 ¢edeggqdes 444eeeeee4 44eee4eee 4eeeee |°

18. Masses of scud to NW.: cirro-cumuli, woolly cirri and cirrous haze moving off.

20. Masses of scud.
. Patches of loose seud : sheets of woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati to E. and S.
. Loose scud : cirrous-edged, very loose cumuli + cirro-strati to S.
» Scud and loose cumuli: mottled and linear cirri.

6. Masses of cirrous scud ; loose cumuli on N. and 8. horizon; patches of cirri.
8. Scud: mottled cirri, causing an indistinct coloured) lunar corona about 4° radius:
10. Scud + cirro-strati to S.

44444448

_ MAG. AND MET. oss, 1848.

170

Gottingen
Mean Time
of

Observation.

Oct. 2

Nnnwore

Oct. 3

h.
8
0
2
0
2
4
6
8

Oct. 4 0

Oct. 5 O

Oct. 6 0

Oct. 7

Oct. 8 0

Oct.

Baro-
METER

Corrected.

in.
29-797
797
792
787
773
766
761
763
767

29-780
775
773
768
761
748
754
770
763

29-735
740

Dairy METEOROLOGICAL

THERMOMETERS,
2 Max.
Wet. Diff. Lalit
45-5 | 2-1
47-6 | 15 | 20.4
50-7 | 10 | 306
54-1 | 3-9
52-8 | 4.4
52-7 | 5-2
50-9 | 4-1
51-1 | 2-3
50-1 | 1-8
50:0 | 0-3
50-7 | 0-2
57-2 | 27 Ae
56-7 | 5-3 :
56:9 | 6-6
57-8 | 5-2
55-8 | 4.2
55-0 | 3-1
55:0 | 2-9
51-8 | 3-5
53-0 | 20 | 644
Bae [ao es
55:8 | 4-2 ;
58-1 | 5-2
55-6 | 5-4
54:8 | 3-3
53-4 | 1-7
53-6 | 2-0
54-9 | 3-1
540 | 1-9 | 69
56-8 | 13 | 245
57-9 | 2-1
58-1 | 3-6
57-5 | 3-0
55-7 | 2:3
52:9 | 1-8
53-1 | 0-8
51:7 | 1-0
53-0 | 1-6
54:3 | 3.6 ee
53-7 | 4.7 ;
53-1 | 8-5
51-6 | 6-4
49-6 | 4.3
49-9 | 2.6
50-0 | 0-7
; , | 624
46-0
38-8 | 0-5
42-7 | 0.3
46-3 | 1-8 Bee
47-7 | 2.5 :
46-6 | 1-1
44.5 | 2.4

0-008

0-030

0-004

0-029

0-182

0-253

0-012

ANEMOMETER,
Pressure. Direction of
Wind.
Wsw
SW by W
SW.
Sw.
WSw
SW by W.
SW.
W by N
w.
W by N
Sw.
SW by W.
SW.
SW by 8.
Sw.
SW by 5.
SW.
SSW.
SW.
SW.
SW.
S by W.
S by W
SSW.
SSW
SW by S.
. D SW by S
1-4 | 0-8 SW by S.
0-9 | 0-4 SW by S.
1:5 | 0:3 SSW.
0-8 | 0:2 | SW by W
1-0 | 0-2 Sw.
1-0 | 0-5 Sw.
1-6 | 0-6 Sw.
2-6 1:8 SW.
2-8 | 2-0 SW by W
2-4 1-1 SW.
1-1 0-2 Sw.
0-2 | O-1 SW.
23
3-8 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-2 | 0-1 NNW.
0-3 0-2 NE by N.
0-5 0-1 NE.

Clouds moving from

SW by S.
SSW : SW by S.
SW by S.
SW by S: SW by W.
SSW.
SSW : SW.
SW by 8S,

w.
Ww.
W by 8.
W by S: W byS.
W:W.
W by S: W.
W by 8S: W.

Clouds, |
J

0-10, |
9-0

Se

~

Nowe,
ONS OF

Bia > pea

Poors

10.

OBSERVATIONS, OcTOBER 2—9. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

Scud + cirro-strati on E. horizon, tinged with red.
A line of loose scud to SE.: scud + cirro-strati to E.
Smoky scud on E. horizon: seud.
Scud, thick to N. +— cirro-cumuli and cirro-strati to S.
Id. + cirrous clouds and cirro-strati.
Id.: woolly cirri, cirro-cumuli, cirro-strati, and cirrous haze.
Cirro-cumulo-strati; cirrous haze.
Dense mass of cirrous clouds and haze.
Large cirro-cumuli +~ cirro-strati on horizon.

. Scotch mist.

Id

| Two kinds of scud, one very thin.
. Scud + cirro-strati to N.

Id. +— cirrous haze to N.
Id.: woolly cirri + cirrous haze and cirro-strati to N.

Id. +— cirri-like rolled masses of curls, and somewhat bentlike cymoid cirri, other varieties of cirri;
. Scud.

Id., moving rather quickly.

Id.

. Scud + cirro-strati on E. horizon tinged with red.

Id. + thick mass of cirrous clouds and haze; a shower since 184.
Id. + id. ; light rain.
Two currents of scud ; light rain.

. Scud + cirrous clouds and haze; light rain.

Id.: id.
Id. + id.
Id.: cirro-cumuli.
Id., moving quickly + cirro-cumuli; occasional showers; heavy shower immediately.

Id.

Id. + cirro-strati to S.

Id. + patches of cirro-strati.

Id.: mottled and linear cirri +— patches of cirro-strati; raining to E.

. Scud and loose cumuli: mottled, woolly, and linear cirri.

Id., in patches: woolly and curled cirri.

. A mass of scud : woolly and diffuse cirri and loose cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati.
. Thick mass of diffuse cirri and cirrous haze; masses of scud and cirro-cumuli.

Scud ; thick cirrous mass; light rain.

8. Scud + woolly and diffuse cirri.
. Woolly cirrous scud.
Id.

+ cirrous clouds, cirro-strati and haze.

. Scud + cumuli; cirro-strati to S.

Id.

. Cirrous scud + scud, lower.

irae

Observer’s
Initial.

44 eeeeeas Se eesguuds ww ssedugs www des geegeeees

weesuw

172

Gottingen
Mean Time
of

Observation.

d.
Oct. 9

Oct, 10

Oct. 11 0

Oct.

12 0

Oct. 13 0

Oct, 14

Oct. 15

So

o

ooo

Banro-
METER

Corrected.

431

Dairy METEOROLOGICAL

THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER,
r, , ;
s Max. Gilead. Pressure. Direction of

Dry. | Wet. | Diff |.aMin. Sera Wind.

£ e S Ch in. lbs. lbs.
45-8 | 43-9 | 1-9 0:2 | 0.0
44.0 | 43-0 | 1-0 0-1 | 0-0
43-9 | 42-9 | 1-0 0-0 | 0-0
42.3 | 41-9 | 0-4 0-0 | 0-0
42:2 | 41-9 | 0-3 | 55 4 0:0 | 0-0
44-9 | 44-6 | 03 | 90'5 0-0 | 0-0
44:0 | 43-4 | 0.6 0.039 || 0-0 | 0:0
47-6 | 45-7 | 1.9 0:0 | 0-0
45-7 | 44-7 | 1.0 0-1 | 0-0
42:1 | 41-5 | 0-6 0-0 | 0-0
39-1 | 38:8 | 0-3 0-0 | 0-0
38-7 | 38-4 | 03 0-0 | 0-0
40-0 | 39-9 | O-1 0-0 | 0-0
41-0 | 40-8 | 02 | yo, 0-0 | 0-0
42-6 | 42:3 | 03 | 32. 0-0 | 0-0
45-2 | 443 | 0.9 0.490 || 0:9 | 0-0
43-6 | 43-3 | 0-3 0-0 | 0-0
43-4 | 43.1 | 0-3 0-0 | 0-0
42:0 | 41-6 | 0.4 0-1 | O-1 NE.
42-1 | 41-5 | 0.6 0-2 | 0-2 NE.
42:1 | 41-1 | 1-0 0-4 | 0-8 | NNE.
42:0 | 39-7 | 2.3 7.5 14.4 | NobyE.
40-7 | 401 | 06 | 445 53 11-8 | Noy 5.
42-0 | 39-3 | 27 | 362 5-0 | 2:4 | Nby w.
41-8 | 39-0 | 2-8 o.g90 | #3 | 21 | Noy w.
43-6 | 38-0 | 5-6 38 | 1-9 | NW dy N.
45-0 | 38-4 | 6-6 2.2 | 1-0 | WNw.
42:0 | 38-3 | 3-7 2-1 | 0-9 Ww.
34.6 | 33-3 | 1.3 2.8 | 0-0 | NW by N?
33-5 | 30-2 | 3.3 1.2 |05 | NNW.
31-3 | 29.9 | 1-4 2.4 | 0-2 w.
32:3 | 302 | 21 | 4. 4 0-3 | 0-2 | SW by W.
38-4 | 34-0 | 4.4 ‘ 0-5 | 0-4 W by S.
498. |usyal |e) too 4.1 | 1-4 W.
43-9 | 38-9 | 5.0 0-012 1 3.0 | 09 Ww.
37-9 | 36-9 | 1.0 1-1 | 0-1 | NW by W.
37-9 | 35-9 | 2.0 0.4 | 0-0
35-9 | 33-1 | 2-8 0-5 | 0-3 | NW by W.
35-9 | 33-6 | 2-3 1-5 | 0-2 | NW by W.
34.0 | 32-6 | 1-4 0.8 | 0-2 | Nw dy w.
36-4 | 34-0 | 24 0.2 | 06 NW.
41.0 | 37-4 | 36 | 423 0-4 | 0-2 | NW by W.
44.6 | 39-3 | 5-3 | 225 oory | oS | O2 | NNW.
45-7 | 40-1 | 5-6 : 0-5, | 0-2 NNW.
44-6 | 39:0 | 5-6 0-3 | 0-0
36:0 | 34-8 | 1.2 0-0 | 0-0
29-9 | 29-6 | 0-3 0-0 | 0-0
28-4 toe oa 0-1 | 0-0

46-3
i niblinese 0-4

26-4 | 25-7 | 0-7 1-2 | 0-0
26-0 asd aes 0-1 0-0
32-6 | 302 | 24 | Sty o1 | 01 | Wsw?

Clouds moving from

N by W.

NNW: NU?
ENE : W by 8.
8.

W.

w.

w.

ESE.
ESE.
ESE.
ESE.

ENE? : ESE.
SE.

NW by N.
NW.
NW?

NNE?
NNW?

NNW.
NNW : NW.
NW.
NW?

NwW..
NW.
NW.

— ee rr, wine

S co sc we es S| SS

SSS Saar

—
COALS

OBSERVATIONS, OCTOBER 9—15. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

. Scud + cirrous clouds.

Id. + TOiiig
Id.; a slight shower lately.

. Scud and cirrous clouds. ;

. Thin smoky scud : smoky scud on S$. horizon +~ woolly cirri; slight shower lately.
. Thin scud: thin cirrous scud and haze, moving slowly ; slight shower lately.

. Scud ; a few drops of rain.

. Loose cumuli and scud: cirrous scud.

radius.
Black, ragged, loose, electric-looking cumuli along N. and S. horizon + thick mass of woolly and linear cirri and cirrous haze; solar A 22o

. Sky covered with woolly cirri, patches of cirro-cumuli, thick cirrous haze + masses of loose scud on horizon.

Thick cirrous mass; heavy dew.

. Quite homogeneous.

8. Homogeneous ; light rain.

Scud + homogeneous clouds above ; light rain.
Id. + id. ; id.
Id. ; raining.

Td) ids

4. Two currents of scud ; heavy rain.

Scud ; breaking up a little to SE.; rain ceased at 54 15™,

. Homogeneous.
. Scud.

. Homogeneous smoky seud, the Moon seen through it; light rain.

. Scud + woolly cirri.

. Loose seud : cirro-cumulo-strati + cirro-strati to N.
. Two strata of scud +~ patches of cirri.

. Patches of woolly cirri +- loose cumuli near horizon.

. Masses of cirro-strati + scud and cumuli on N. and NE. horizon.

. Scud and loose cumuli all round the horizon.

8. Seud ; a shower of hail about 7*.

. Small patches of clouds on horizon.

. A strip of cloud on E. horizon; sky very clear; ground covered with hoar-frost.

. Cumuli on E. horizon.

. Cumulo-strati and cirro-strati on NE. horizon ; faint streaks of cirrus to SE.

. Cumulo-strati on E. and NE. horizon; masses of seud moving along N. horizon; cirro-strati to S.
. Scud and loose cumuli.

+ cumuli on E. and N. horizon; heavy shower of hail 15™ since, passed off to S.

6. Patches of scud + piles of gray cumuli to SE.; blue haze and cirro-strati to E.
8. Scud.
0. Loose seud.

. Cirro-strati on horizon.

. Cirro-strati, moving slowly + cumuli on E. horizon,

. Patches of cumuli and cirro-strati on E. and N. horizon.

. Patches of scud and loose cumuli + cirro-strati to N. and 8.

2. Masses of loose cumuli: woolly, mottled, and linear cirri and cirro-strati.

. Cirri as before +~ cirro-strati and cirrous haze on horizon ; masses of cumuli.

Send to §. + diffuse cirri over the sky ; cumuli to E.

‘8. Clouds to N.

. Cirrous clouds, much hoar-frost.

[arch.

. An Auroral arch about 15° altitude, with bright streamers at the extremities and fainter ones within the

. Light cirri + cumulo-strati to E.; cirro-strati to E. and NE.
. Mottled, woolly, and linear cirri, cirro-strati +- cirro-cumulo-strati to N.; cumulo-strati on E. horizon.
Id.

- id. id.

MAG. AND MET. oss. 18438. 2x

173

bserver’s
Tnitial

| 0

Ser Sssduw seesessun soggsssun f4qqssssun feqregeeun seo

wes

174 Dairy METEOROLOGICAL

ee THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER,.
Gottingen

= Baro- ——— SSS
Mean Time
of METER ities : Pressure.

Corrected. i Wet. Diff.

Directionios Clouds moving from

Observation. and Min. Wind.

d. h.
Oct. 16 0

= 0

ROUT AHHHAH

in.
29-402 WSW ?
WSsw.
WSwW.
WSW.
WAW.

NE.
NNE.

N by E.
NNE.
NNE.

N by E.

N.

NNW.

NW?
NW?
N by W.
NNW.
N.

N.

aE Sea Mata S
See AWE S GawhAA LD

SW by W.
SW. W by S.

SW by W. Ww.

SW by W. w.
Sw. W byS.

SW by W. WSW:WSW:W: NW?
Sw. SW.
SW. WSw.

SW'by S.

NW by N. NW by N: W?
NW by W. NW by N: W?
NW by W. W by 8.
NW by W. WNW.
WNW. ww.
WNW.

m.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(9)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 ||
0 ||
0

ee Co CS TU) ime STIS
PROSCSONOCSNHNY AANSDOWSOOR wo

SW by W?

So

SW by W.

fy
»
-
A

ry
SCODRNS

18.
Qu,

to
OD PNWONW

None as

COMPU SNSHS S

Pe ee

=

18.
20.

22.
0

2
4
6
8

10.

U

OBSERVATIONS, OcTOBER 16—22. 1843.

Srecies oF CLOUDS, &c.

|. Mottled, woolly, and linear cirri, cirro-strati + cirro-cumulo-strati to N.; cumulo-strati on E. horizon.
. Cirro-cumulo-strati and woolly cirro-cumuli + cumuli to E.
. Scud.

Id. + cirrous haze.

. Cirrous clouds ?

Id.; Auroral light to NNW ?

. Thick cirrous clouds; scud below to N.
. Scud + cirrous clouds and haze; stormy-looking to SE.; a few drops of rain.
. Scud; rain, hail, and sleet.

Id., id., id., id.; Cheviot white.
Id.; heavy shower of hail and sleet from 2" 0™ till 2 15™ when it began to snow.
Id.; heavy showers of snow and rain since last observation ; breaking to N.

. Cirro-cumuli and cirrous haze, stationary ; scud and loose cumuli on horizon; showers.
. Seud; a few drops of rain.
. Scud to E.

. Cumulo-strati on E. horizon; cirro-strati to N.
. Cirro-cumulo-strati +- cumulo-strati on HE. horizon.

Well-defined cumulo-strati to NE.; cirrous-sided to H. and SE.

. Cumulo-strati, with cirrous crowns, or changing into cirro-strati or sheets of cirri. ‘
. Loose and cirrous-edged cumuli +- cumuli, crowned with cirri and apparently falling in snow.
. Loose cumuli.

Id. on E. and N. horizon.

Cirro-strati to E.
Cirro-strati on E. horizon ; cumuli in zenith.

. Woolly cirri + patches of mottled cirri.

Woolly, mottled, and linear cirri and cirro-strati.
Cirro-strati to S.
Cirrous haze and cirro-strati on N. and E. horizon.
Id.
Id.
Id.

Scud; cirro-strati, cirrous clouds and haze.
Id. + thick cirrous clouds and haze.
Smoky scud +~ sheets of faint woolly cirro-cumuli.
Cirro-cumulo-strati and large woolly cirro-cumuli ; cirro-strati on E. horizon.
Scud + cirrous clouds.
Thin smoky scud: woolly cirro-cumuli: woolly cirri: mottled cirri.
Scud + cirrous clouds.
Id. + cirro-strati to N.
Id.; light shower since last observation.

Light rain.
Patches of thin smoky scud, low: thick dark mass of cirrous clouds and haze.
Id. : id. ; sky to N. and W.
Woolly cirro-cumuli and cirro-strati, moving slowly ; sky to W. and N. .
Loose cumuli.
Loose woolly cirro-cumulous cumuli.
Scud to E. + cirro-cumuli and cirrous haze to W.
Haze near horizon; sky hazy.
Cirro-strati scattered over the sky,

175

Observer’s
Initial.

we ednbnss wa dseduss mugen shins fusesgunnss weegurngs wwseaay

176 Dairy METEOROLOGICAL

eee THERMOMETERS, ANEMOMETER,

Gottingen Bako :

Mean Time ney e ; cae :
of t Max. ressure. | Direction of ouds moving from

Observation. Corrected. - | Wet. if. {and Min.

Max. | Pres.

=

in. ¢
29-518 44-7
574 ‘ 46-6
595 . 46:0

dad. h.
Oct. 22 18
20
22
Oct. 23

W by N: WNW.
W by N: W by N.
W by S: WNW.
Wsw.

W by 8.

BOHR, Hee WONWHEHOSO
CROC FP OWNORDSOW Ww?

eoooo
OWN Ww

WNNOOF rao NNWADYO

SW by 8.
SW by S.
s.

S by E.

8 by E.

E. v.

E by N. v.
E by N. E by §.
ESE,
ESE.
Eby N: E.
N by
N.

m.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Oe KP NK COOK, NK WO
ON WOrFONOW UNO
PAS Oar EAR SRO TEINS
One woOnaye ow

OBSERVATIONS, OCTOBER 22—28. 1843.

SPEOIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

177

Observer’s
Initial.

Gor

. Cirro-strati to E.
20. Thin scud, moving quickly : diffuse, woolly, and mottled cirri and cirro-cumuli.
22. Scud: woolly cirro-cumuli, woolly cirri and cirro-strati.
0. Id.: woolly cirri.
| 2. Cirrous scud +~ cirrous clouds and haze.
4, Scud + cirri.

6. Id.
| 8. Id.
| 10. Ia.

18. Homogeneous ; a few drops of rain; wind in gusts.
20. Thin smoky scud : strata of woolly and woven cirri and cirro-cumuli +~ cirro-strati to E.
| 22. Loose seud +~ cirro-cumuli and cirrous clouds to S.
| 0. Seud; a slight shower lately.
| 2. Light rain.
4. Scud + cirrous clouds ; a few drops of rain; occasional showers.
6. Id. + cirro-cumulous seud to S.

18. Streaks of cirro-strati to N. and SW.; hoar-frost.
_ 20. Patches of cirri + cirro-strati to SE. and N.
| 22. Woolly cirri + id. S.; scud to W.
0. Seud and loose cumuli + patches of cirri and cirro-strati.
2. Loose cumuli +~ patches of cirri and cirro-strati.
4, Id. : woolly cirri, moving very slowly +- cumuli on S. horizon.
6. Woolly cirri; patches of scud.
| 8. Masses of seud. Much lightning without thunder seen about 8" 20 by Mr Rule, the land-steward.
10. Patches of cloud.

18. Cirro-strati, chiefly to N. and E.; hoar-frost.
_ 20. Sheets and patches of woolly cirri.
22. Cirro-strati and patches of cumuli on’ E. and NE. horizon; a patch of cirrus to W.
0. Loose cumuli to 8. and on N. horizon.
2. Loose cumuli.
4. Masses of cumuli near horizon; cirrous haze to HE. and 8.
6. Loose cumuli.
8. Id. ; very faint Auroral light, low on N. horizon.
10. Auroral light to N., more distinct 10™ ago, when it was an arch 8° altitude, stretching from NW. to N.; no Aurora was visible at 9%.

18. Hoar-frost.
20. Cirro-cumuli and linear cirri to SW.
92, Cirro-cumuli, fine woolly linear, and mottled cirri + loose cumuli on SE, horizon; cirrous haze on horizon.

0. Masses of scud : large cirro-cumuli + linear cirri and cirro-strati to E. and SE. ; cirrous haze to 8.
2. Thick mass of cirrous clouds and haze, with thick linear cirri, the motion scarcely perceptible + masses of
4. Patches of scud +, very thick woolly and diffuse cirri obscuring the sun. [seud to S. and SE.
6. Very thick, homogeneous cirrous mass.

8. Hazy clouds.

Id.

. Wery dark; light rain.
. Seud ; light rain.
. Loose scud; drizzle; Scotch mist.

. Scud and loose cumuli; breaking to E.

. Loose scud : woolly cirri + diffuse cirri to W.
. Scud.

Id.; occasional slight showers.

MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. 2x

gaeuddguw dqnngggun eeggggqguyn gguwndaddhn segraedsun 4eqnessuy

178 Dairy METEOROLOGICAL

sere THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER,
Gottingen BAO
Mean Time e

fs METER : imoets Pressure. | Direction of

: Corrected. 5 i. i ———_—_—— me
Observation. and Min. Mae lapses Wind.

Clouds moving from

ci in. . lbs.
48-2 B
39-5 oie

»e SeSorwersoS
DN FP wNwNoornwarnt

SE.

SE by E: SE?
SE by E: 8 by W.
S by E: 8 by W.

S:Sby W.

S by W.
SW.

eoorresoo
Can bw T w tO

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

SSE : SSE.
SSE: 8S.
SSE: 8.

Sby E: Si W.
S by W.
8.
SW.
SSW.

SSW : 8.
sw?

coo ooceoceco

Nov. 3204 40™, New floss silk put upon the wet bulb thermometer, the other having become quite green.
Noy. 82 20%, The reading of the barometer is perhaps 0:05 inch too low.

OBSERVATIONS, OcTOBER 29—NOVEMBER 3. 1843. 179

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

Observer’s
Initial.

18. Sky nearly covered with thin clouds and haze.
| 20. Loose cirro-cumuli, woolly cirri, and cirrous haze.
| 22. Dense cirro-stratus ; patch of scud to SE.; patch of sky ; light mist.

0. Homogeneous cirrous mass.
! Ds Id. ; light rain.
f 4. Id. ; id.

' 6. Seud + homogeneous mass of clouds ; light rain.
) 8. Light rain.
| 10. Continuous rain.

_ 18. Clouds to SE.

| 20. Cirri and cirro-strati on E. horizon, A large flock of wild geese seen.

| 22. Id. :

. 0. Id.

| 2 Loose cumuli to N. and W.: diffuse cirri. [E. horizon.

| 4. Loose cumuli to S., lately covering the sky : light cirri, moving quickly +— cirrous haze and cirro-strati on
6. Woolly and diffuse cirri + cirrous haze on horizon.
8. Cirro-strati to SE.

10. Large woolly cirro-cumuli: diffuse cirri, becoming haze.

18. Scud to E.

| 20. Cirrous scud, moving very slowly + patches of cirro-stratus.

_ 22. Loose cirro-cumulous cumuli: varieties of cirri, becoming haze to N. and E.
0. oo scud: woolly, linear, flame, and diffuse cirri.

2. due id.

4. Loose cumuli: reticulated and linear cirri.

| 6. Linear and diffuse cirri; loose cumuli round the horizon.

8. Large woolly cirro-cumuli + patches of cirri.

0 Id.

| 18. Quite overcast; a streak of light to E.

20. Cirro-cumulo-strati + cirro-strati to E.

| 22. Thin smoky seud : cirro-cumulo-strati.

_ 0. Woolly cirro-cumuli + cumuli on N. horizon ; dark and hazy, with scud to E.
2. Seud.

4, Two strata of scud + cumuli on E. horizon ; haze on horizon.

6. Scud ; slight fog.

8. Scud and loose woolly cirro-cumuli.

10. Patches of scud and cirro-strati on horizon.

widduwnds wesdunnds weddunndsg weddunwdd

18. Clouds on E. horizon. 185 28™. A meteor was seen moving from about 30° to the S. of the zenith towards E. by S., it disappeared at an alti-
, tude of about 10° above the SE. point of the horizon, leaving a narrow train of sparks; it was of a bright white colour, apparently about 10’
to 15’ in diameter (about the size of a cricket-ball): only about 30° of its course was seen.
20. Loose seud : cirro-cumuli and cirro-strati to E.
22. Thin scud: dense semifluid-like cirro-stratus over the sky.
nO;, Id.: id. See note below.
a Scud : large woolly cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati to E.
. Woolly, mottled, and dense diffuse cirri + cirro-strati on horizon all round ; dark cirro-strati on H. horizon.
6. Loose cirro-cumuli + diffuse cirri to W.; cirro-strati round horizon ; slight fog on the ground.
8. Scud.
10. Sheets of cirrous haze or thin cirro-strati; lunar corona and portion of a halo.
18. Scud; dark to NW.
20. Loose scud : large woolly cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri.
2 - Id. +— cirro-strati and cirrous haze to E.

Serer ay

_ Nov. 3404 40™. Quite calm. A sound heard to E., gradually increasing in intensity, and then gradually subsiding, like a strong
‘wind blowing through a mass of leafless trees. At 52m Kelso town clock (4 miles distant) was heard very distinctly to strike 12 o'clock.

"

of

180 Dairy METEOROLOGICAL

ees THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER,
Gottingen AR
Mean Time % 5 P

of ETER Max" ressure. | Direction of || Clouds moving from

Qhcersation® Corrected.|| Dry. | Wet. iff. land Min. ee al Wind.
Max. | Pres.

Is - 5 in. a Tbs.
Nov. 0 || 29-310 || 53-2 . 1-4 | 1-1 SSW. SW : SW by 8.

347 || 53-3 : . : SSW. SW by S.

51-9 , . . SSW HS. SW by 8.
48-7 : . : : SSW. SW by S,
46-0 : : : : SSW. :
41-0 | 40- : : : SSW. SW : Sw.

SSW? .

W by S: WSW : SW.
SW ?: SW by W.
WSW : SW by W.

W by 8.
W by 8.
WSW i W.

N Se PNWWUWeE Se NPN oO wW Nee

Dw BORON RE NO KF NON DSK WDD
Se ee PRNeE OW Be ee
SCACoNNORKRwW ONONS

a)

WNW 3N.

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

poo

22
Nov. 10 0

SSS9999 Yee

ecocoooom ooo
mB do to toe ch

OBSERVATIONS, NOVEMBER 4—10. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

0. Scud in eddies turning to N.: cirrous-edged cumuli and cumulo-strati; a stratum of cumuli extending from SSW. to ENE., which is scud
beneath moving in different directions ; splendid solar rays cross the notches of the clouds reaching about 70° towards the zenith.
2. Loose cumuli and scud + ranges of cumuli.
4, Id. + id.
6. Id.
8. Id. ; passing showers.
10. Masses of scud, moving quickly : patches of mottled cirri.

. Seud.

Id., moving very quickly : cirro-cumulous seud, moving very slowly : woolly, mottled, and diffuse cirri.

. Loose cumuli on NE. and S. horizons: large woolly cirro-cumuli.

. Scud: large woolly cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati on E. horizon.

. Scud and loose cumuli.

. Loose cumuli to N. +- cumulo-strati on §. horizon.

. Scud + cumuli on S. horizon; a few drops of rain.

. Cirri and patches of scud.

. Sky covered with thin misty scud ; faint lunar halo shortly after this about 20° radius.

. Homogeneous seud ; light drizzle.

. Thick scud, chiefly to E. : patches of cirro-strati to W.

. Scud and loose cumuli.

. Masses of loose cumuli.

. Masses of woolly cirro-cumuli and cirri + loose cumuli and scud near S. and NW. horizon.
. Scud + cirro-strati and cumuli on horizon; rainbow.

. Scud to W.

. Scud ; occasional showers.

. Large woolly cirro-cumuli.

. Large thin woolly cirro-cumuli + scud passed off to W. with light rain.

. Scud and cirro-strati on E. horizon.

. Cumuli on NE. horizon ; loose cumuli on Cheviot.

. Loose cirro-cumuli and cirro-strati +- cumuli on NE. and SE. horizon.

. Cumulo-strati round horizon + cirro-strati to 8.

. Loose cumuli round horizon; a shower of snow 2? passed along to the N. and E. half an hour ago.
. Masses of scud and loose cumuli.

. Loose cumuli.

. Patches of scud.

. Scud + cirro-strati to E.

. Loosely mottled cirri and cirrous scud.

. Woolly, linear, and mottled cirri +- seud and loose cumuli to SE.

. Woolly cirri and loose cirro-cumuli +— patches of scud ; cirro-strati on horizon.

. Woolly and flame cirri, cirrous haze and cirro-strati: lines of patches of cumuli to N.

. Thick woolly cirro-cumuli; when it became overcast about an hour ago, the clouds were very fine cirro-cumuli

(Which gradually became thicker and larger; they radiate from NNW.; masses of cirri on E. horizon.

6. Dense cirro-stratus.
8. Nearly homogeneous.
. Thick mass of clouds ; a few flakes of snow.

. Light rain.
Id.
. Woolly cirri, cirrous haze and cirro-cumuli; moving very slowly + loose scud and mist to N.
. Dense cirrous clouds; foggy.
Id. ; scud occasionally.
Id.
Id.

MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843.

181

Observer’s
Initial.

dadsuw

|

wesadarw dguq sadn =seesesedsuw waenndddun eeaeedssuw

182 DaILy METEOROLOGICAL

x fs THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER.
Gottingen mace ESS
Mean Time a Rain P. »
of METER D w Di Max. ||GAUGE. MESEEE Direction of || Clouds moving from
Observation. || Corrected.) Dry. | Wet. | Diff jnaMin. aes 7 | Wand
| Max. | Pres.
GH ages in. | Pp 2 A Y in, Tbs. Tbs.
Nov. 10 8 0 || 29-471 || 39-3 | 39-1 | 0.2 0-0 | 0-0
10 0 524 || 38-9 | 38-8 | 0-1 0-0 | 0-0
18 0 || 29-710 || 44-3 | 44-0 | 0-3 0-2 | 0-0 Ne
20 0 766 | 44-0 | 43-3 | 0-7 | gig | 0-3 | O-1 NNW. NNE.
22 0 823 | 46-1 | 45-2 | 0.9 0-4 | 0-2 | NEbyN. NNE : NNE.
Nov.11 0 0] 866] 476 | 45-7 | 19 |?79 |, [05 |o1 | NNE. NE.
2 0 877 || 48-0 | 46-3 | 1-7 0-5 | 0-2 | NEbyN. NE.
40 917 || 45-6 | 43-8 | 2-8 0-3 | 0-0 | NEby N ENE.
6 0 941 | 43-4 | 42-0 | 1-4 0-1 | 0-0 ENE.
8 0 957 || 42-8 | 41-7 | 1-1 0-1 | 0-0
10 0 980 || 41-1 | 39-9 | 1-2 0-0 | 0-0 SSE
48-6
Nov. 12 0 0 33.2 0:3
18 0 || 29-909 || 40-6 | 39-6 | 1-0 0:7 | 0-0 Ww.
20 0 926 | 39-4 | 39-0 | 0-4 | 444 0-0 | 0-0 SW.
22 0 956 | 39-0 | 39-0 | 0-0 | so. 0-1 | 0-0 SSW ? SW.
Noy. 13 0 0 968 || 42-6 | 41-1 | 1-5 | o.035 || 0:2 | 0-2 SSW. SW
2-0 970 || 44-7 | 42-9 | 1-8 0-2 | 0-2 | Sby W. WNW.
4 0 971 || 41-4 | 40-0 | 1.4 0-2 | 0-1 | Sby W. WNW.
6 0 986 || 38-9 | 38-1 | 08 0-3 | 0-1 | SWbyS WNw.
8 0 996 || 38-0 | 37-4 | 0-6 0-2 | 0-0
10 0 995 || 37-1 | 35-9 | 1-2 0-3 | 0-1 | SWS.
18 0 || 30-013 || 31-0 . 0-2 | 0-0 NW.
20 0 045 || 30-3 | -.- 47.9 0-0 | 0-0 NNE.
22 0 073 | 35-0 | 32-7 | 23 | oo. 0-2 | 0-2 | Nby Ww.
Nov. 14 0 0 091 || 40-8 | 38-1 | 2-7 ‘ 0.000 | 9:3 | 0-2 | Nby W. NE
2 0 092 || 42:0 | 39-0 | 3-0 ; 10/05 | NW NNE
4 0 095 || 42-0 | 38-9 | 3-1 10 | 0-5 | Nby Ww.
6 0 116 || 40-9 | 38-3 | 2.6 0-6 | 0-2 NNW. N by E.
S80 145 || 32-8 | 32-2 | 0-6 0:3 | 0-6 NNW.
10 0 143 || 34-2 | 34.0 | 0.2 0-0 | 0-0
18 35 | 29-993 || 34-3 | 33-4 | 0-9 0-1 | 0.0
20 0 961 || 36-9 | 349 | 2.0 0-2 | 0-2 SSW. NNW.
22 0 907 | 37-4 | 368 | 06 | 331 0-7 | 0-2 | SWoys. sw: NW
Nov. 15 0 0| 857 || 39-1 | 38-9 | 0-2 llo.079 | 0:9 | 0-5 | SW 4 w. SW
2 (0) 757 || 37-6 | 37-3 | 0-3 ‘ 22 |1-6 | SWiw. SW.
4 0 652 || 39-6 | 39-0 | 0.6 25 | 1-7 | SWHS. SW: W.
6 0 616 || 42-4 | 41-8 | 0-6 3-8 | 0-8 WSsw.
SO 661 || 43-0 | 41-3 | 1-7 0-7 | 0-7 NNW.
10 0 746 || 38-4 | 36-9 | 1-5 0-9 | 0-0 | Nby w?
18 0 || 29-829 | 34-2 | 32-6 6 0-3 | 0-1 WwW
20 0 871 | 326 | 31-9 | 0-7 | 4,4 0-0 | 0-0 NNW.
22 0} 896 | 35-1 | 34-5 | 0-6 | 5)’, 0-2 | 0-0 NNW?
Nov. 16 0 0 880 || 39-8 | 37-9 | 1-9 : 200 || 0:2 | 0-0 NNW.
2 0|| 837 || 42-7 | 405 | 2.2 sclera ll A
4 0 809 || 39-7 | 38-0 | 1-7 0-2 | 0-0 N by W.
6 0) 787 || 36-8 | 36-0 | 0-8 0-2 | 0-0
8 0| 726 || 38-0 | 37-5 | 0-5 0-1 | 0-0
10 0} 693 | 39-9 | 39:0 | 0-9 0:5 | 0-0 | SWbys.
a5 0 || 29-381 || 47-6 | 45-7 | 1-9 3:0 | 4.0 | SSW4W.
0 339 | 47-8 | 46-8 | 1-0 2-9 | 1.0 | SWbyS. Sw.
22 0| 288 | 49.2 | 47.4 | 1-8 oars 3-9 | 1-2 SSW. SW by S: SW.

OBSERVATIONS, NOVEMBER 10—16. 1843. 183

Sprcies or CLoups, &. ea
ac
t=)

h.

8. Dense cirrous clouds. Ww
| 10. Id. WwW
‘| #18. Light rain. B
| 20. Thin scud. B
| 2: Id.: thicker scud. Ww
\ 0. Seud. Ww
2. Id. and loose cumuli. Ww
{ 4. Id. Ww
; 6. Id. Ww
68. Id. Ww
10. Cirro-cumulous scud. Ww
4
| 18. Thin scud + large cirro-cumuli. WwW

20. Seud and large woolly cirro-cumuli. WwW
! 22. Loose large cirro-cumuli. "B
{ 0. Id. WwW
4 2. Loose cumuli. Ww
| 4. Patches of seud + mottled cirro-strati to NW. ; cirro-strati and cirrous haze on horizon. Ww
| 6. Scud and loose cumuli + cirro-strati to NW. WwW
| 8. Sky to NW.; an Aurora seen beyond the clouds, no streamers or corruscations visible. WwW
| 10. The Aurora has disappeared. WwW
| 18. Scud. Ww

20. Thin cirro-cumulo-strati + cumuli to E. w

22. Cumuli to E.; patches of scud to N. and S. B

0. Patches of scud + cumuli to E. B
| 2. Scud and cumuli. Ww
B.A. Ww

| 6. Scud and loose cumuli.
8. Cirro-strati 2 to N.
10. Sheets of cirro-strati?; faint Auroral light to NNW ?

18. Homogeneous.
20. Dense mass of cirro-cumuli lying in strata and ridges N. and S., moving very slowly; the clouds tinged with red to E.; in a few minutes the
_clouds to E. are of a very bright golden yellow, and slightly tinged with it all round the horizon,
| 22. Gray scud to W.: a homogeneous mass of clouds, milky, cirrous, mottled, &c., cirrous scud.
| 0. Patches of loose scud +- homogeneous mass of clouds above; light rain.
2. Id. id. ; heavy rain.
4, Two currents of scud ; light rain.
_ 6. Scud; light rain occasionally.
8. Seud 2
| 10. Sheets of cirro-strati.

| 18. Patches and streaks of light clouds.
90. Cirro-cumulo-strati + cirro-strati on E. horizon; red to SE.
22. Dark, mottled, loose cirro-cumuli + dense cirro-stratus.
_ 0. Large woolly cirro-cumuli + large feathers of cirri; hazy to N. and E.; sky milky.
2. Thick homogeneous mass of cirri; faint solar halo about 20° radius.
4, Cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati in thick cirrous haze on horizon.
6

6. Cirro-strati and cirrous haze.
8. Dark; light rain.
10. Cirrous clouds and haze.

18. Thick send.
20. Scud; a few drops of light rain.

9

£

Was WWssenwws Ss buses gd os ws

. Thin scud: thick woolly cirro-cumuli; cirrous haze; blue cirro-strati reposing in the gray mass to E.; a few drops of rain.

184

Gottingen
Mean Time

of

Observation.

wet

a.
Nov. 17

Noy. 18

Noy. 19

Nov. 20

Noy. 21

Nov. 22

Nov. 23

So

cocoocoooscoo cocoocececo scoooeocoococ coeocecsece dd

esssoosooo coooo og

Baro-
METER

Corrected.

in.
29-234
189
191
196
188
167

29-087
076
070
043
038
041
050
069
075

29-35

28-987
28-951
28-983
29-065
29-133
29-197
29-235
29-233
29-183

29-105
29-115
29-142
29-158
29-155
29-112
29-046
28-906
28-738

28-658
28-647
28-706
28-788
29-060
29-158
29-246
29-293
29-302

29-228
220
201
180
153
127
139
161
184

DaAILy METEOROLOGICAL

THERMOMETERS.
Dry. | Wet. | Diff. em
50-9 | 49-0 | 1-9
50-6 | 47-7 | 2-9
45-6 | 42:5 | 3-1
39-9 | 37-6 | 23
38-9 | 37-8 | 1-1
37-9 | 37-2 | 0-7
37-0 | 35-4 | 1-6
36-6 | 36-0 | 0-6
37-7 | 37-0 | 0-7 Ba
41-3 | 39-2 | 2-1
41-0 | 39-2 | 1-8
40-0 | 38:0 | 2.0
37-0 | 35-6 | 1.4
35-9 | 35-0 | 0-9
35-8 | 35-2 | 0-6

41-9
30-3
41-7 | 41-0 | 0.7
42:0 | 41-5} 0-5
42.9 | 42-7 | 0.2 | 326
39-6 | 38-9 | 0-7
43-0 | 40-6 | 2.4
42-8 | 39-3 | 3-5
39:8 | 37-0 | 2-8
36-0 | 35-0 | 1-0
40:3 | 39-8 | 0-5
40-2 | 39-9 | 0-3
42-2 | 41-8 | 0-4
42-0 | 39-9 | 2-1 nae
42-9 | 41-0 | 1-9
42-3 | 40-9 | 1.4
41-6 | 40-1 | 1-5
41-0 | 40-1 | 0-9
40:8 | 40-5 | 0:3
50-0 | 49-8 | 0-2
46-3 | 44-2 | 2-1
46-8 | 44-7 | 2-1
46-0 | 44-1 | 1-9 oe
44-3 | 40-8 | 3-5 ;
44-9 | 40-9 | 4.0
42-7 | 38-8 | 3-9
37-0 | 36-0 | 1-0
36-7 | 35-6 | 1-1
37-8 | 36:3 | 1-5
35-9 | 35-8 | O-1
36:8 | 36-2 | 0-6
35-9 | 35-1 | 0-8 Aa
38-7 | 38-1 | 0-6
39-0 | 38-1 | 0-9
38-1 | 37-6 | 0-5
36-9 | 36-3 | 0-6
36:8 | 36-0 | 0-8
33-0 | 32-9 | 0-1

0-067

0-146

0:020

0-460

0-007

ANEMOMETER,

Max. | Pres.

Pr ; c :
eesure Direction of

Wind.

lbs. Tbs.
2:5 | 1-4 SSW. v.
2:0 | 2:3 SSW.
2.4 | 0.3 | SW byS.
0-2 | 0-1 SW?
0-3 | 0-3 SSW.
0-3 | 0-2 | SW by 8?

1-4 | 0.4 Sw.
1:9 | 0:3 SWs.
1:6 0-4 SSW.
2-1 | 0-6 SSW.
4.5 0-7 SSW.
2-6 | 0-7 SSW.
1:3 | 0-6 SSW.
1-4 | 0-2 SSW.
1-1 | 0-1 SSW.
0-8

2-6 | 0-1 E by N?
0-5 | 0-2 NNE?
0-2 | 0-0

5-1 1-7 NW.
2-6 | 1-3 NWiw.
2-5 | 0-9 W by N.
0-7 | 0-3 W by N.
0-3 | O-1 SW?
0-1 | 0-0

0-2 | 0-0

0-2 | 0-0

0-2 | 0-0

0-2 | 0-0

3-6 3:8 SSW.
62 | 1-2 | SWby Ww
4.6 | 2.4 | WSW3S
4-1 1-6 SW by W
7-2 | 3-2 NW.v
43 |2.5 | NWEN
20 | 1-7 | Woys
1-0 | 0-1 WSW.
0-6 | 0-5 SW.
0-8 | 0-6 SW 3 W.
0-2 | O-1 Sw ?
0-3 0-0 SSW ?
0-0 | 0-0

0-0 | 0-0

0-0 | 0-0

0:0 | 0-0

0:0 | 0-0

0:0 | 0-0

0-0 | 0-0

Clouds moving from

SW.
SW : SW by W.

Sw.

Clouds. |

0—10.
10-0
4-0
0-8
0:3
2-0
0-5

0-0
8-0

SS Be es = =

= i—)

OBSERVATIONS, NOVEMBER 17—23. 1843.

185

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

Observer’s
Initial.

h.
0. Scud +— dense cirro-stratus ; light drizzle.
9. Id. + fine feathers of beautifully mottled cirri pointing NNE.; cumuli and cirrous haze to E.
4, Masses of loose-edged cumuli.
6. Scud to W.; patches of cirri.
8. Cirrous scud.
10. Cirro-strati.
18. Quite clear.
20. Loose scud; light showers.
22. Id. : diffuse cirri +~ nimbi to S. with fine cirrous crowns; cirro-strati to E.
0. Nearly as at 22"; cumuli to E.
2. Cirrous-crowned nimbi and scud, masses of woolly and diffuse cirri.
4, Cumuli; nimbi and diffuse cirri on horizon.
6. Thin scud ; cumuli on horizon.
8. A patch of seud to NW.; passing showers and masses of nimbi.
10. Cirrous scud ?

. Very dark ; a few drops of rain.

. Scud; light rain.

Id. ; id.

. Id. + homogeneous above; light rain.

. Lines of patches of loose scud : woolly cirro-cumuli and cirri + loose cumuli to S.
. Cirro-cumuli, cirro-strati and cirrous haze to E.

. Scud to SW.

. Seud.

Id.

Id.

. Scud and nimbi; passing showers.

. Masses of scud and loose cumuli: fine cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati on horizon ; cumuli on Cheviot.
|. Linear cirri and patches of cirro-cumuli + thick cirrous haze and diffuse cirro-strati; masses of loose cumuli to NW. '

. Thick, woolly, and diffuse cirri and cirrous haze + mass of scud to NW.; cirro-strati on horizon.
. Thick, dense, cirro-cumulous mass, like a semifluid.

. Light rain.

. Rain; very dark.

. Light rain; the wind feels very warm.

Scud.

Id.; slight drizzle.

. Loose scud + large cirro-cumuli to §.; slight shower. {much.
. Scud and loose cumuli. At 234 10™ the wind had shifted to WNW. blowing from 4 lbs. to 7 lbs., varying
. Scud, loose cumuli,

nld., id.

6. Cirro-strati on horizon.

8. Thin scud.

. Sheets of cirrous scud ? to E. and §.

. Woolly cirro-cumuli: woolly cirri.

. Woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli +~ cirro-strati and cirrous haze.

0. Cirrous scud, woolly cirri, and cirro-cumuli, all moving very slowly.
2. Masses of scud + thick cirrous mass.

4, Dense cirrous mass.

F Id.
. Clearing off from SW.
. Clouds to E.

MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843.

ie

wna sdrnwas winds

Sanwsgsduw ddunddden gdudddsuw daunddsow

186

Gottingen
Mean Time
of

Observation.

d. h.
Noy. 23 18
20
22
Nov. 24

10

18

20

22

Nov. 30 0
. 2

4

o

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

coscoooocoso coeosoosocoooE:

Baro-
METER

Corrected.

Daity METEOROLOGICAL

THERMOMETERS.

Max.
and Min.

RAIN
GAUGE.

ANEMOMETER,

Pressure.

dle lea pe eS Be TM SH ue
& WH SwWOUINHWS HHO

Direction of

Pres; Wind.

Clouds moving from

SW by W: W by 8.
WSw.
Ww?
we

OBSERVATIONS, NOVEMBER 23—30. 1843.

187

SPECIES OF CLOUDs, &c.

Observer’s
Jnitial.

18. Streaks of cirro-strati to N, and S.

20. Linear and woolly cirri; smoke shews the wind to be from SSE.

22. Woolly and linear cirri and cirrous haze.
0. Id. id., cirro-strati ; masses of scud on N. horizon.
2. Id. id.
4. Linear and flame cirri radiating from SW.

10. Sky covered with thin scud.

18. Clouds on horizon ; cirrous haze.
20. Woolly cirri, cirrous haze ; cirro-strati to S. and E.
22. Thick cirrous mass ; shower of snow.
0. Large woolly cirro-cumuli, scarcely moving.
2. Cirrous scud and loose cumuli.
4. Cirrous seud and woolly cirri.
6. Cirrous clouds ; foggy.
8. Thick fog.
0. Id.

18. Scud.
20. Thick scud ; sky on NE. horizon.
22. Scud, in different strata + woolly cirri; rain, rainbow.
. Scud, woolly and feathered cirri; light rain.
. Thick seud : woolly cirri; drizzle.
Two currents of scud ; shower.
Scud ; light rain.
Id.

.

. Cirrous scud.

. Seud.

. + woolly cirri; cirro-strati on E. horizon,

Id, + cirrous haze, linear cirri, and cirro-strati.

Id. + cirrous haze covering the sky; the sun shining faintly.
Id. +— dense cirrous mass; occasional drops of rain.

Id. + id.

Id. + id.

Id. id. ; light rain.

Cirrous haze to E.; scud to S.

SOSBRNSNSH SHapwo
|
Qu

. Clear.
Loose scud on §S. horizon + cirrous haze on E. horizon.
22, Id.
0. Scud to SE.
: Id. [scud.
. Mottled, reticulated, and cymoid cirri, with cirrous haze, forming over a great part of the sky; masses of
6. Clear.
8. Cirrous haze to SW.
10. Clear.
8. Scud.

20. Homogeneous; cirro-strati on E. horizon.

2. Thin smoky scud +~ dense cirrous clouds,

0.. Id. — id. ; light rain.
2. Id. _ id.

4, Loose scud ; light drizzle.

qvosssetum seen uneequn

Swwnes WWeshdnss Heese wsesrwss

188 Dairy METEOROLOGICAL

ate THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER.
Gottingen Rano yee
: ; :
: aes a ee ‘ Max. ||GAUGE. Bae Direction of || Clouds moving from
Observation. Corrected.|| Dry. | Wet. | Diff. |anaMin. ech eee Wind.
da. ti. m in. ° ° ° ° in. lbs. lbs. ieee,
Nov. 30 6 0 || 29-720 || 49.0 | 48-3 | 0-7 2-2 | 0-6 SW. SW.
8 0 719 | 50-3 | 49-1 | 1-2 1-1 | 0-2
10 0 738 || 48-3 | 47-6 | 0-7 0:0 | 0-0 N.
18 0 || 29-888 || 33-6 | 33-0 | 0-6 0-8 | 0-0
20 0 905 | 31-6 | 31-3 | 0-3 | goo 0-0 | 0-0
22) 0 932 || 34-7 | 33-9 | O08 | oo4 0-0 | 0-0
Meck 1 “0: “0 926 || 36-3 | 35-6 | 0-7 0.013 || 2:9 | 9-0
20 916 | 38-5 | 37-1 | 1-4 0-0 | 0-0
4 0 919 || 36-0 | 35-3 | 0-7 0-0 | 0-0 Nw.
6 0 940 || 30-0 | 29-9 | 0-1 0-0 | 0-0
8 0 939 || 28-0 ann oe 0-0 | 0-0 NNW.
10 0 924 || 97.3 | 27.1 | 0-2 0:0 | 0-0
18 0 | 29-838 | 32.9 | 32.2 | 0-7 0-0 | 0-0
20 0 837 || 40-9 | 40-0 | 0-9 38.8 0-2 | 0-3 WSw. WSsw?
22 0 853 | 42-7 | 41-8 | 0-9 | 95.5 10 | 15 | SW3W. WSW : W.
Dec. 2 0 0 853 || 45-0 | 44.2 | 0-8 0.010 | 20 | 0:3 | Sv3 Ww. SW by W: W.
20 847 | 46-6 | 45-2 | 1-4 0-6 | 0-6 | SWS. SW by W: WNW.
4 0 878 | 47-6 | 46-3 | 1:3 0-6 | 0-4 Wsw. W: WNW: Nw.
6 0 912 | 45-1 | 44.5 | 0-6 0-4 | 0-2 SW ES.
S10 955 | 44-9 | 43-6 | 1-3 0-2 | 0-1 | WSWHS. Ww.
10 0 995 || 42-2 | 41-3 | 0-9 0-2 | 0-0 WNw.
48-1
‘ : ( Sw.
Dec; 3 0 0 38.2 1-9
18 0 | 29-998 || 49-9 | 48-0 | 1-9 25 | 0-6 | SW48? W
20 0 | 30-020 | 48-8 | 47-7 | 1-1 | go5 0-6 | 0-1 | SSW3W? W.
22 0 || 30-036 || 48-8 | 47-7 | 1-1 45.6 0-6 | 0-3 | SWH8. W by S: W.
Dec. 4 0 0 |} 30-029 | 50-9 | 49-1 | 1-8 % iigcoogAeeeleersunle SMS SW.
2 0 || 29-970 || 50-7 | 48-9 | 1:8 0-8 | 0-4 SWS SW by W: W by NV.
4 0 || 29-932 || 49.8 | 48-2 | 1-6 1-4 | 0:3 SWis8. SW.
6 0 || 29-903 || 48.9 | 46.6 | 2-3 3-0 | 0-8 SW. v SW by S.
8 0 29-859 || 48-5 | 46-3 2.2 3-0 | 0-5 WS8W. v. Sw.
10 0 || 29-800 || 48-6 | 46-6 | 2-0 1-9 | 0-8 | SSW4W. Sw.
18 0 || 29-555 || 49-0 | 46-6 | 2-4 ‘ 7-6 | 4-7 SW. v. Wsw.
20 0 488 | 49-4 | 46-9 | 25 |.) 5 5.2 | 3-8 SW. vy. Sw.
22 0 485 | 49-3 | 48-3 | 1-0 | 404 6-8 | 2-6 SW. SW
Dec. 5 0 O 476 || 50-5 | 47-6 | 2-9 0.004 | 29 | 08 SW. v SW.
20 465 || 49-1 | 45-9 | 3-2 3-1 | 2-1 SW. WSW : WSW.
4 0 462 || 46-2 | 43-8 | 2.4 2-6 | 1-8 Sw. WSsw.
6 0 503 || 44.7 | 41.0 | 3-7 4-4 | 1-9 SW. wesw.
Si 0 556 || 41-8 | 38-0 | 3-8 3:9 | 3.6 | SW4W. W.
10 0 597 || 40-4 | 37-3 | 3-1 1-9 | 1-4 SW. Ww.
18 0 || 29-683 || 42.0 | 39-0 | 3-0 4-1 | 1:3 SW. v: Wiy.
20 0 723 | 44-5 | 40-8 | 3-7 | 55.4 4-1 | 21 W.y. WiN.
29) 50 762 | 44-8 | 40-6 | 42 | 304 5-2 | 2:3 we WNW.
Dec. 6 0 0 814 | 43.3 | 40-7 | 26 HT o.og9 || 5:3 .| 1:3 W. v. W by N.
2. +0 857 | 46-3 | 41-3 | 5-0 3 4:8 | 3:0 | WbyN.
4 0 889 | 44-3 | 40-9 | 3-4 2.2 | 1-3 SW. v. WNw.
6 0 927 || 44-9 | 41-0 | 3-9 2-1 | 0-8 Sw. vy W by N.

COMM PP

°

OPRNONOM

OBSERVATIONS, NOVEMBER 30—DECEMBER 6. 1843. 189

2
hae:
2'3
SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &. acd
2a
ae
i=)
Loose seud ; light drizzle. Ww
Id.; id. B
Large woolly cirro-cumuli + cirrous haze to SW. B
&
Clear. Ww
Cirro-strati and cirrous haze to E. and S. WwW
Thick, ribbed, and evenly mottled cirrous clouds, nearly homogeneous. B
As before, but much thicker. B
Irregular, hazy, woolly, and linear cirrous mass, with a little hazy sky in zenith; breaking a little. B
Cirro-cumuli of all varieties and forms, passing from the finest spots to the largest masses ; some of them hanging like bags, lying in strata,
and other forms ; in some places of a bluish-grey, with patches of whitish-yellow + hazy linear cirri under the cirro-cumuli to NE., radiat-
ing from NNW.,; thick and hazy to E.; feathered and woolly cirri above the cirro-cumuli. WwW
Woolly cirri to S. WwW
Long ribbons of thin woolly cirri, radiating from WSW., of different lengths, some of them stretching from the WSW. point of the horizon to
45° past the zenith, i.e. 135°; the whole move from about NNW.; stars of small magnitude are visible through the strips; in passing over
the moon they cause a small corona. B
Uncommonly thin haze over the sky ; streaks of ribbon-cirrito E. A beautiful lunar halo 23° radius, the complete breadth of the ring is about 4°. B
W
Scud + cirrous clouds. WwW
Scud: cirro-cumuli. Woolly and diffuse cirri cover the whole sky; strata of loose cirro-cumuli moving slowly : a great band of dense scud with
attendant patches of loose thin scud, moving rapidly from WSW., the patches quickest ; the whole issues from a misty mass to SW., the
patches moving over all parts of the sky and far below the cirrous clouds. B
Nearly as before, but the sky is more completely covered by thin smoky scud. B
Two currents of scud + cirri. horizon, B
Masses of loose smoky scud in two currents: large loose cirro-cumuli, moving slowly + cirrous clouds; bands of cirro-strati and scud near the Ww
Cirri and patches of scud; lunar corona. w
Scud + cirrous haze to E. Ww
Id. B

Scud + cirrous clouds.

Id.
Loose scud : linear and mottled cirri.
Scud + cirro-strati to E.
Loose seud : large cirro-cumuli.
. Seud + linear cirri and cirro-cumuli.
Scud + cirrous clouds.

Id.

Id., moving rapidly.

Scud.

Thin detached masses of scud, very low + the upper scud is red below.

Scud + dense cirrous clouds; slight drizzle.

Patches of scud, cirro-cumulous scud + the upper mass of cirrous clouds breaking up into woolly and linear cirri and cirrous haze.

Masses of scud : woolly, mottled, and diffuse cirri and cirrous haze ; part of a solar halo lately.

Scud on horizon ; nimbi to S., with cirrous crowns; very black to SE; beautiful strata of cirro-cumuli and mottled cirri, chequered in diffe-
rent ways, the strata lying ENE. to WSW., but passing 20° to the S. of the zenith,

Seud.
Id.
Id.

Id.
Id.; light rain.
Masses of scud near horizon.
Masses of thin scud ; passing showers.
Id.; cirrous haze to E. and N.
Masses of scud +~ linear cirri to SW., radiating from NNW. cirrous haze on N. and E, horizon.
Scud + patches of cirri to SE.

WHSSedew Senn sddunw dseunsdsuyw

MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. 3B

190
Gottingen
Mean Time Baro-
of METER
Observation. Corrected.
ae ee an in.
Dec. 6 8 OO] 29-902
10 0 940
18 0 29-790
20 0 732
22 0 656
Dec. 7 0 O 637
2 0 629
4 0 556
6 0 544
8 0 584
10 0 638
18 0 || 29-837
20 40 856
22 0 876
Dec. 8 O O 888
2 0 865
4 0 887
6 0 914
8 0 919
167 <0 947
18 0 30-009
20 0 30-016
22 0 30-024
Dec. 9 O O]|] 30-024
2 0 30-002
4 0 29-992
6 0 29-988
8 0 29-984
10 0 29-970
Dee. 10 0 O
18 20 29-894
20 0 29-889
22 0 29-916
Dec. 11 O O || 29-920
Pye {i} 29-935
4 0 29-966
6 0 29-986
sO 30-023
10 0 30-044
18 0 30-123
20 0 128
22 0 152
Dec. 12 0 O 151
2 0 135
4 0 122
6 0 118
8 0 129
10 0 100
18 0 30-021

Dartty METEOROLOGICAL

THERMOMETERS.
Dry. | Wet. | Dif. |. Janta,
46-6 | 428 | 3-8
43-5 | 40-9 | 26
45:3 | 43-3 | 2.0
45-1 | 44-1 | 1-0
47-3 | 45:3 | 20 | toe
48-9 | 47-0 | 1-9
50-1 | 48-7 | 14
54-0 | 50-8 | 3-2
53-6 | 50-7 | 2-9
53-6 | 50-9 | 27
521 | 49.2 | 29
44.6 | 41-7 | 2-9
45-3 | 41.9 | 3-4
47.0 | 43.0 | 40 | 338
48-3 | 44-7 | 36
48-2 | 44.3 | 3-9
48:2 | 44.3 | 3-9
47-6 | 44-6 | 3-0
47-0 | 44-7 | 2-3
46-7 | 45-0 | 1-7
43-3 | 42.9 | 0-4
45:3 | 44.9 | 0-4
472 | 460 | 12 | 495
48-7 | 47-6 | 1-1
49-1 | 47-8 | 13
48-3 | 47-0 | 13
46-6 | 45-9 | 0-7
45:3 | 45-0 | 0-3
46-0 | 45-5 | 0-5

| 492

38-7
44.3 | 42-4 | 1.9
46-9 | 44-7 | 22

47-7 | 46-0 | 1-7 aes
49-7 | 47.4 | 23
50-5 | 47-8 | 27
48-7 | 46.9 | 1-8
48:3 | 46-8 | 1-5
47-5 | 46-3 | 1-2
44.2 | 44-0 | 0-2
46-3 | 45-6 | 0-7

43-1 | 43.0 | O1 | 5.)

46-2 | 45.8 | 04 | 20.
49-0 | 47-6 | 1-4
49-1 | 47-2 | 1-9
47-8 | 45-8 | 2-0
47-0 | 45-0 | 20
46-8 | 43-7 | 3-1
47-2 | 44-8 | 24
47-4 | 45-6 | 18

RAIN
GAUGE,

in,

0-182

0.253

0-012

0-000

0-000

ANEMOMETER.

Pressure. Direction of
Max. | Pres. Was
lbs. bs.
44 | 3-9 Ww.
4-2 | 0-0
2-9 1-4 SWis
2-1 1-7 SWS.
4-9 | 3-7 SW. v
3-4 1-3 SW iW.
3-2 | 1-8 SW. v.
2-4 1-4 SW. v.
1-9 | 0-4 SW?
3-8 | 2-6 |SW by W. v,
2:3 | 1-4 WSW.
1:8 | 0-6 | WbyS.v.
0-6 | 0-2 WSw?
1-2 1-1 WSW iS.
2-3 1:0 SW.
3-2 1:8 WSW
1-6 1-1 WobyS
16 | 0-3 WSW?
1-4 | 0-5 Win.
0-6 | 0-2 W.
0-3 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-2 | 0-1 WSW HS.
0-1 0-1 SW 3 W.
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0
0-7 | 0-1 SWS.
0-2 | 0-2 SSW 3} W.
0-9 | 0-0
1-1 0-8 SW. v.
1-2 | 0-2 SW 48.
0-4 | 0-2 SW.
0-4 | 0-1 SW 4W.
0-1 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-0
0-0 | 0-2 SSW.
0-1 0-2 SW 48.
0-3 | 0-1 SW 358.
0:5 | 0-3 SSW.
1-1 0-2 SSW iW.
0-6 | 0-2 SSW 3 W.
2-7 155 SW 48.

Clouds moving from

W by N: Nw.
w.

SW: WNw.
SW: WNW?

SW: WNW: WNW.

W:WNW?
Wis
W by S: W.

W by N.
Ww.

WNw.

Ww.

WNW.

W by N.

Ww.
WNW : WNW.

Sw?

of
Clouds,

0-10.
70

6-5
9-0 |

9-8

7-0 |

9-8
10-0

10-0 |
10-0 |
10-0 |
3-0 |

15
8-5
9-5
9-5

4:0.

6-0
3-5
3-0
2-0

1:3

9-8
10-0

Dec. 648". The reading of the barometer is very doubtful, the observation was evidently hurried, and not entered into the note-boo i

OBSERVATIONS, DECEMBER 6—12. 1843.

191

| 5a
SPEcizEs oF CLOUDS, &c. 5 &
s)
on.
| 8. Scud: sheets of cirri, crossed at right angles by linear cirri; coloured corona about the moon, first yellowish-white, passing into brown, blue,
and green successively ; the radius of the outer circle being about 4°. At 8b 15™ a distinct halo of 20° radius. w
10. Scud + diffuse cirri and cirro-strati ; a few minutes ago there were a lunar halo and coloured corona. Ww
18. Masses of thin scud : sheets of cirri; a coloured lunar corona ; occasional drops of rain. B
20. Patches of seud: a thick cirrous mass over most of the sky ; light rain. [slowly B
22. Small patches of thin seud : cirro-cumulo-strati and cirro-cumuli : woolly and diffuse cirri, moving very || W
0. Seud : thick cirrous clouds. Ww
2. Id.; light rain. WwW
4, Two currents of scud. B
6, Very thick scud. B
8. Scud ; a few drops of rain. Ww
10. Id. Ww
18. Seud + cirri. B
20. Id. + linear cirri to E. B
22. Id. + id. N. Ww
0. Id. + linear and mottled cirri to SE. Ww
2. Id. + patches of cirri. Ww
4, Id.: beautifully mottled and reticulated cirri in strata radiating from SSE. and WNW. B
6. Id.: streak of woolly cirrus. B
8. Id. + linear cirri and cirrous haze. Ww
10. Patches of scud + linear cirri, cirro-strati, and cirrous haze; the linear cirri in short lines pointing SSE. and these in strata lying WNW. to ESE. B
18, Scud + cirrous haze all round the horizon. 184 30™, Scud passing over the Moon produces a coloured corona; yellow, orange, blue, yellowish-
green, and orange, are the colours from the Moon outwards ; the extreme radius being 6°, B
20. Cirrous seud. B
22. Scud : cirrous clouds. Ww
0. Id. + id. Ww
2. Masses of scud: cirrous scud and cirrous clouds. w
4. Cirrous scud and woolly cirri, moving very slowly. B
6. Id. B
8. Id. Ww
0. Overcast. Ww

Seud : patches of mottled cirri and cirro-cumuli, moving very slowly.
Id.; clear on E. horizon.
Id. [is from S.
“a scud +— mottled, woolly, and diffuse cirri and cirro-strati; wind in gusts, when blowing strongest it
da + id.
Thick seud.
Id.
Id.
. Thin scud + cirro-strati to E.

Cirro-cumulous scud ; cirro-strati to SW.

Loose scud, moving quickly ; heavy dew since 18}.
Loose scud ; clouds blue, yellow, and gray.

. Scud.

2. Id.; the lowest thinnest and moving quickest.

4. Id. + loose cumuli to 8.

So

ANS

DOD

Id.
Id.; Auroral light? to NNW.
. Id.; very dark.

3. Thick scud.

4 wwsdnsuads wwdsunwds

Gottingen
Mean Time

Observation.

Dec.
Dec.

Dec.

Dec.

of

a.
12

h
0
2
1590
2
4
6
14 0

15 0

7 OmnO

gals 0)

f—}

ccocoocooo cocooooceces

cooooecooscso coocoocooecse SsoSeeoSecoeoeoSo SceoSoSoSoSoSo SE

Dairy METEOROLOGICAL

} THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER.
| Baro-
METER z Max. Yet Pressure. Direction of
Corrected. || Dry. | Wet. Diff. |and Min. me ee Wind.
in. e e M4 ?, in. Tbs. Tbs.

30-022 || 46-9 | 44-0 2-9 49.3 3-6 1-5 Sw.
033 || 46-7 | 44-0 2-7 45-5 3-5 1-7 SW 48
051 || 46-7 | 44.4 2-3 0-000 1-6 | 0-2 SW 45s.
032 || 46-0 | 43-8 2-2 2-8 1:6 SWHs.
038 || 46-0 | 43-9 | 2-1 2-1 | 0-6 | SSW3W
051 || 45-7 | 44.3 1-4 1:8 | 0-2 SW by 8.
051 || 46-0 | 44-7 1-3 1-2 | 0-9 SW 458.
070 || 47-2 | 46-3 0-9 2-1 | 0:3 SW 48.

30-022 || 48-4 | 47-0 1-4 2-3 1-2 SW i858.

30-012 || 45-9 | 44-3 1-6 48-2 0-8 | 0-2 SW iW.

30-015 || 48-3 | 45-9 2-4 45-2 1-1 | 0-5 SW. v.

29-997 || 48-9 | 46-0 2-9 0-013 2-2 1-7 | SW by 5S. v.

29-948 || 49-0 | 46-1 2-9 4-7 | 2-1 SW. vy.

29-935 || 48-7 | 45-6 3-1 4-1 1:0 SW 48.

29-898 || 49-2 | 46-0 3-2 2.2 | 2-2 SW.

29-845 || 48-9 | 46-6 2-3 5-7 | 4-8 SW.

29-838 || 51-0 | 47-2 3-8 6-1 | 48 SW.

29-744 || 52-7 | 49-0 3-7 7-5 | 4.0 WSW. v.
739 || 53-0 | 49-4 3-6 49.0 5-5 | 5-2 W.v.
793 || 49-7 | 49-0 0-7 48-2 2 3-4 | 1-8 W.y.
846 || 48-7 | 46-2 2-5 0-000 2:8 | 0-8 w. te
854 || 47-1 44-6 2:5 2-1 1-1 W by N?
869 || 45-8 | 43-1 2-7 1-7 | 1-2 Ww.
889 || 44-9 | 43-1 1:8 1-4 | 0-4 W by N.
922 || 44-3 | 40-9 3-4 16 | 0:3 W by N?
953 || 42-2 | 40-0 2-2 0-6 | 0-0

30-001 || 39-3 | 36-4 2-9 0-8 | 0-1 WSwW?
013 || 39-6 | 37-0 2-6 53.2 03 | 0-3 WSwW.
i ose ie oe eae ae a WSwis
088 || 42-6 | 39-0 | 3-6 0-000 | 9.8 | 0.2 | wy st

oO 'y
101 |) 39-5 | 37-5 2-0 0-3 | O-1 WSW ?
107 || 37-9 | 36-7 1-2 0-2 | 0-0
103 || 40-3 | 38-7 1-6 0-1 0-0
079 || 42-9 | 41-4 15 0-2 | 0-0
42-8
- 36-6 3-1 w.

30-166 || 44-7 | 44-0 0-7 1-1 | 0-0
171 || 45-3 | 44-6 0-7 51-1 0-1 | 0-0
194 || 44-9 | 44-3 0-6 37.2 0-0 | 0-0
196 || 47-3 | 45-8 1:5 0-000 O-1 0-1 Sw?
194 || 47-3 | 45-4 1-9 0-1 0-0
191 || 45-3 | 43-6 1-7 0:3 | O-1 SWS.
192 || 42-9 | 41-7 1-2 0-1 0-0
200 || 43-6 | 42-5 1-1 0-0 | 0-0
205 || 42-9 | 41-8 1-1 0-0 | 0-0

30-161 || 42-8 | 41-5 1:3 0-3 | 0-0
150 || 42-7 | 41-1 1-6 47.2 0-1 | 0-0.

146 || 42-7 | 41-2 1-5 41-6 0-0 | 0-0

146 || 44-7 | 41-8 2-9 0-008 0-0 | 0-0

119 || 44-3 | 41-7 2-6 0-2 | O-1 SW by 8.
113 || 44-0 | 41-7 2:3 0-3 | O-L SSW?
111 || 43-8 | 41-9 1-9 0-2 | 0-0

Dec, 142 22h, The minimum temperature is taken from the readings of the dry bulb thermometer.

Clouds moving from

WSW.

WSW.
Wsw i 8.
SW by W: WNW.
SW by W: WNW.
WSW i W.

Ws.
Ws.

WN.

W.

Wis We
Win.
W by N.
W by N: W.

Sw.
Sw.

WSW 358.

2.
0-4
3.
1.
1
1.
Le
0+!
0-(
().

a

18. Scud + thin cirrous clouds to S.

10. Id
18. Id.

10. Patches of scud.

OBSERVATIONS, DECEMBER 12—19. 1843. 193

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

bserver’s
Initial. ”

h.
20. Scud.
22. Id., in loose masses.
0. Iad., id.
2. Id., id. : woolly and mottled cirri, moving very slowly.
4, Id. + cirrous clouds.
6. Id.
8. Id

10. Id.; very dark.

20. Patches of loose scud +~ linear cirri and cirrous haze ; very thin cirro-strati on horizon.
99. Thin low scud + thick cirrous haze, mottled cirri, and cirro-strati, covering the sky; the mottled cirri, radiating in sheets from SSE } E.
0. Scud: cirrous clouds; nearly as before.
2. As at 0%; clouds quite blue to SE., sky to WNW.
4, Scud + mottled, waved, and reticulated cirri; cirrous haze.
6. Id. + thin cirrous clouds and cirrous haze.
8. Id.; slight drops of rain.

20. Id.; afew drops of rain.
22. Thin scud : woolly woven cirri, radiating from E. and W.; light rain.

0. Id. + cirri; light rain.

2. Id. + id.; drops of rain.

4, Id.: mottled and interlaced cirri.
6. Scud.

8. Id., radiating from W. and E.

18. Scud + bands of light cirri lying E. and W.

90. Cirro-strati and linear cirri; masses of scud to S.

99, Flambeaux of woolly cirri reaching from E. horizon to zenith, radiating from about ENE. ; linear cirri to S. lying ESE, to WNW.

0. Strips of mottled cirri +— cirro-strati and cirrous haze on horizon.

2. Cirro-strati, sheets of reticulated, mottled, and curled cirri.
4, Thin woolly cirri and masses of cirro-cumuli +~ cirro-strati and cirrous haze on horizon ; masses of scud.
6. Cirro-strati.
8. Dark.

0. Id.

wedduwedd wedduwwdd onddowedd wdededug | °

. Id.

. Scud.

. Patches of loose scud : large, loose, woolly cirro-cumuli +~ woolly cirri.
. Thick cirro-cumulo-strati + masses of loose scud to S.

. Seud + cirro-strati to E.

. Ide + id.

‘ Td.

Id.

Id.

8. Dark.

. Thick scud.
Id., moving slowly.

Id.

: Id.

. Seud.

Id.

waesesuw Senesqsesuw

MAG. AND MET. ops. 1848.

194 Datty METEOROLOGICAL

ae THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER,
Gottingen Bano
Mean Time e Pressure career

of METER Max. ‘| Direction of

. Corrected. e 7 iff, a ele +
Observation. and Min. Aas Bprast Wind.

Clouds moving from

Dec. S by W.

ee

Sw.
WSsw.
SW: SW?
SW : WSW ?
SW 4W: WSW.

BaAnWweddSobmddad ud

BS Soin Sia
wewmpbheMod

WSW.
W by 8.

SW by W: W: W byN.
SW by W: W.
SW: W.

SW by W.

» me
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
i)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

So

ooo oooceocecoe

Dec. 20¢ 22, The maximum and minimum are taken from the dry bulb thermometer. 3
Dec. 214 204 and 224, The meteorological observations are interpolated for the purposes of summation from the observations at 19®
21, and 23 (see Extra Observations), the observations at 20% and 22» being accidentally lost. ;

OBSERVATIONS, DECEWBER 19—25. 1843. 195

a

SpPrcies or CLoups, &c.

Observer’s
Initial.

8. Scud.
10, Id.

18. Thick clouds.
20. Scud + cirro-strati to SE., with a patch of reddish sky.
22. Loose scud + dense homogeneous cirrous mass; cirro-strati on E. horizon
0. Scud : cirrous mass.
2. Loose seud : cirro-cumuli and dense cirrous clouds.

4, Id.: id.
6. Scud
8. Id.

10. Id.

18. Strata of clouds lying ENE. to WSW.
20. Scud to S. + cirro-strati on E. horizon.
22. Patches of scud + cirro-strati and cirrous haze to SE.
0. Woolly and linear cirri.
2. Patches of mottled and woolly cirri; cirrous haze and cirro-strati on horizon.
4. Cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri to NW. ; cirrous haze on horizon.
6. Sheets of cirro-strati reaching from SSW. to E.
8. Clouds on E. and §. horizon.
10. Streaks of clouds.

18. Scud + cirro-strati and cirrous haze to E.
20. Scud and cirrous clouds.

4Ssbsadeu Sounds ww drhwdshdww ddeuddduw da

2.

0. Scud.

Dee ha.

4. Id.; clouds just clearing off.

6. 4

8. Id.

0. Id.

8. Id.

0: Id.

2. Two currents of scud: woolly and linear cirri and loose cirro-cumuli.

0. Scud : cirro-cumuli.

2. Scud: two strata of cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati to SE., having the appearance of an oblique section of thin layers of sandstone, slightly contorted.
4. Scud + sheets of cirro-strati, cirro-cumuli, and cirri, in different strata. About 4" 20™ the cirro-strati to
6. Principally cirro-strati, [E. were very red.
8. Overcast

Dp. Id.

i the slightest spit of rain.
Id.

Id., in two currents.
d

Id.
Id.

Id.
Id. + woolly cirri, slightly tinged with red.
Id. : cirri.

wae waessunnss

196 Datty METEOROLOGICAL

meres THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER.
Gottingen AWE Quan- |
Mean Time aes Rain Prasdase, i ‘ is tity |
of . Max. |/GauGE. "| Direction of || Clouds moving from of |
Observation. Corrected. || Dry. | Wet. | Diff. |anaMin, ee ae Wind. Clouds,
a; th. an, in. 4 2 .. © in. Tbs. Tbs. 0-10,
Dec. 26 0 O|| 30-137 || 49-6 | 47-3 | 2:3 0-000 0-3 | 0-3 sWis. SW : W by S. 9-5
2 0 115 | 49-6 | 47-2 | 2-4 0-9 | 0-4 SW 4w. SW. 10-0
4 0 101 || 48:3 | 46-1 2-2 0-4 | 0-2 Sw. SW by W. 9-0
6 0 104 || 45-6 | 44-3 1:3 0-6 | 0-3 SW. 1-0
8 0 101 || 42-1 | 42-0 0-1 0-2 | 0-0 855
10 0 101 || 44:8 | 44:3 0-5 0-1 | 0-0 9-5
18 0 30-072 || 45:0 | 43-9 1-1 0:3 | 0-3 SW by 8. 9-0
20 0 079 | 44:3 | 43-6 | 0-7 | 2o 0:5 | 04 | SWHS. 1.0
22550 106 | 46-3 | 45-3 | 1:0 | 395 0:8 | 0-1 | SWbyS WN. 8-0
Dec. 27 0 O 127 || 48-0 | 46-1 1-9 0-000 0:5 | O1 SWi58. WN. 9-5
2 0 112 || 48-8 | 46-3 | 2-5 0-2 | O-1 SWis. Ww 9.8
4 0 113 || 45-0 | 43-9 1-1 0-2 | O1 Sw. WSW 3 W: 6-0
6 0 141 || 42-7 | 41-8 0-9 0-8 | 0-2 SWts 0-8
8 0 159 || 40-7 | 40-1 0-6 0-3 | Ol SW ? WwW 0-
10 0 185 || 41-0 | 40-2 0-8 0-2 | 0- 0-5
18 0 30-182 || 42-3 | 42-2 0-1 0-3 | 0-1 SSW ? 0-2
20 0 185 || 42-5 | 42-0 | 0-5 43-8 0-2 | 0-0 WSsw. 2.0
22 0 205 || 44:7 | 44-6 0-1 38.5 0-0 | 0-0 SWiW. 8-0
Dec. 28 0 0 207 || 46-9 | 46-0 | 0-9 0.000 || 93 | 2 | SW2S. SW by W. 2.0
2 0 181 || 48-2 | 45-9 2-3 18 | 1:8 SW. SW by W. 7.0
450 189 || 46-7 | 44-9 1:8 1-6 | 0:3 S by W. WSwW 38. 9-8
6 0 160 || 46:0 | 44.3 1-7 0-8 | 0-6 SSW. WAW $8. 10:0
8 0 168 || 46-0 | 43.8 2-2 0-7 | 0:3 SWt5. ; 10-0
10 0 159 || 46:0 | 43-0 3-0 0-4 | 0:3 SW 38. WSW 3 W. 10-0
18 0 || 30-103 | 45-7 | 42:9 | 2-8 1-3 | 0-2 SW tS. 10-0
20 0 084 || 45-6 | 43-2 2-4 49-0 15 | 0:3 SW 48. Wow. 10-0
22) 0 095 || 46-1 | 43-8 | 2-3 44.5 0-9 | 0-3 SW, WSW 8. 10-0
Dec. 29 0 0 092 || 47-7 | 45-0 | 2-7 0-000 || 95 | 9-4 Sw. Wsw. 7:0
2 0 051 || 47-9 | 45-2 | 2-7 ; 0-5 | 0:3 | SWHS. SW by W: W. 1-0
4 0 039 || 47-0 | 44-9 2-1 1:0 | 0-3 SW by 8. WbyS: WN. 35
6 10 029 || 46-9 | 44-9 2-0 1-7 | 0-2 SSW + W. 8-0
8 0 O11 || 46-1 | 45-0 1-1 0-3 | O-1 SW by 8. WSW 3 W. 8.
10 0 003 || 47-7 | 45-7 2-0 1-1 | 0-1 SW by S 10.
18 0 29-844 || 44-5 | 42.4 2-1 2-7 | 0-2 Sw. 2.
20 0 839 || 45-9 | 43-5 2-4 47-5 1-7 | 0-7 SW by 8. WSW: W. 2
22 0 818 || 46-0 | 43-6 2-4 43-5 3-4 | 2-1 SW s8. WSW: W. 4.
Dec. 30 0 O 812 || 47-9 | 43-1 | 48 goo 2-1 | 0-8 SWS. |lswoyw:WsW:sWbyW?|| 2
2 0 758 || 45-8 | 42-7 | 3-1 307) 13:0 SWS. ||SWbyW:WSW:SWobyW?|| 9:
4 0 732 || 44-0 | 41-7 2:3 2-3 0-2 SW by 8. WSW : WSW?
6 0 696 || 43-4 | 41-3 3-1 1-7 | 0-6 | SSW3W. WSw. 5.
8 0 644 || 44-9 | 42-7 2-2 2-5 | Ll SW by 8S. WSwW. 2.
10 O 618 || 45-2 | 42-9 2-3 2-1 1-1 SW by 8. WSwW. 8.
46-6
Dec. 31 0 O 41-6 0-148 || 4-2
47-7
23 0 . : 26-7 0-238

OBSERVATIONS, DECEMBER 26—31. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

h.
0. Cirrous scud : woolly cirri + cirro-strati.
2. Seud.
4, Id. i [the Moon.
. ae of scud to N.; lines of cirro-cumuli to S. lying WSW. to ENE.; thin cirri causing a corona about
. Scud.
10. Id.
18. Scud; a few minutes ago the quantity of clouds was 6.
20. Masses of scud near horizon; cirrous haze to E.
22. Scud.
0. Id.
2. Id.
4, Id.
6. Masses of seud.
8. Patches of scud.
10.
18. Streaks of clouds on N. and S. horizon.
20. Masses of scud +~ cirro-strati and cirrous haze on horizon.
22. Cirro-cumulous scud or large cirro-cumuli with loose edges +— cirro-strati with haze to E.; uncommonly
heavy dew, hanging in large drops on the palings, &c.
0. Loose cirro-cumulous scud + masses of loose cumuli to S. and E. ; cirro-strati to E.
2. Id. + thin scud below.
4, Very loose scud +~ patches of cirro-strati to N.
6. Scud.
8. Id.
10. Id.
18. Id.
20. Id.
22. Id.
0. Cirro-cumulous scud + thin scud to SE.
2. Thin scud: watery woolly cirri.
4, Loose scud : cirrous scud +~ patches of cirro-strati to E.
6. Scud.
8. Id.
10. Id.
18. Masses of loose scud.
20. Dark scud to §.: masses of loose woolly cirrous scud.
22. Id. : id. +— between the scud and cirri are cirro-strati in strata
one above another, and with cirrous and cirro-cumulous edges.
0. Scud: loose and other cirro-strati: mottled and linear cirri.
2s 1d: id.; id.
4. Id.: id.
6. Id. + linear cirri and cirro-strati; the Moon seen distinctly through the scud. [strati to N.
8. Masses of loose seud +~ bands of linear cirri and cirrous haze reaching across the sky, lying SW. to NE.; cirro-
‘10. Cirro-cumulous scud +— sheets of cirri.

MAG. AND MET. ogs. 1843. ; 3D

197

Tnitial.

Observer’s

weston 44 weedunwss seeegudu 44 wo dsusuds wuss

TERM-DAY

AND

EXTRA METEOROLOGICAL
OBSERVATIONS.

MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATORY,
1843.

200 TerM-DAY AND ExtrA METEOROLOGICAL
Merges THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER.
Gottingen
Mean Time BAROMETER Presse i 2
of Corrected, - s Direction of
Observation. Dry. Wet. Diff. Wind.
Max. Pres.
ah om in. v = S: Ibs. Ibs.
Jan. 9 20 47 28-221
Jan: 12-20) 0 28-029 33-9 33-8 0-1 0:3 SE.
20 52 27-978
ZL. 0 971
22 0 909 34:3 33:3 1-0 3-5 3-0 SE by 8.
23 0 885
23 35 870
Jan. 13 0 O 864 35-6 34-7 0-9 3-2 0-5 SE.
0 35 849
2 5 837 37-6 35:3 2:3 0-0 0-0
4 0 850 35-6 34-7 0-9 0-0 0-0
Jan, 18 10 0 30-126 46-2 45-4 0-8 0-5 0-0
LIS so 127 46-2 45-0 1-2, 0:3 0-3 WSw.
12 0 130 46-3 45-4 0-9 0-5 0-5 w.
13. 0 133 46-2 45°5 0-7 0-5 0-5 Ww.
14 0 139 46-1 45:3 0:8 0-5 0-7 w.
15 9 150 46-8 45-7 1-1 0-8 0-5 SW by W.
16° -0 153 46-9 45-4 15 1-0 0-0
le oy 132 46-0 45-2 0-8 1-2 2-0 SW by W.
18 0 139 46.2 45-2 1:0 1-8 1-0 WSW
19 0 147 46-0 44:8 1-2 1-5 0-5 SW by W.
20 0 174 45-6 44.2 1-4 1-8 0-5 WSW.
21 0 179 45:5 44-0 15 0-3 0-0
22 0 190 45-8 44-8 1-0 0:5 0-5 SW by W.
23 0 203 46-1 45.2 0-9 0-5 0-0
Jan. 19 0 O 196 46-8 45-7 1-1 0-5 0-8 SW by W.
Pea 182 47-0 45-9 1-1 1-0 0-5 SW by W.
2 0 176 47-0 45:5 1:5 0-0 0-0
3 0 172 46-3 45-2 1-1 1:0 0-0
4 0 172 46-5 45-2 1:3 0-0 0-0
5 0 180 46:2 45-2 1-0 0:5 0-0
(a 182 45:3 44.4 0-9 0:3 0:3 Sw.
eg) 182 45-0 44-0 1-0 0-5 0-3 SW by W.
8 0 184 44-7 43-7 1-0 0-3 0-0
9 0 172 44-0 43-0 1:0 0:5 0-5 SW by W.
10 0 176 43-5 42-5 1-0 1-0 1-0 SW by 8.
Feb. 2410 0 29-586 35-6 34-7 0-9 0-0 0-0
) 583 35-2 34-6 0-6 0-0 0-0
12 0 579 35:3 34-6 0-7 0-0 0-0
BP) 580 34:8 34-3 0-5 0-0 0-0
14 0 586 34:8 34-2 06 0-0 0-0
15 0 582 34-9 34-4 0-5 0-0 0:0
16: 0 575 34-7 34:3 0-4 0:0 0-0
a0, 584 34:5 33-9 0.6 0:0 0-0
iss 6 582 34-7 33-8 0-9 0-0 0-0
19 O 590 34-5 33-5 1-0 0-0 0-0
20 0 596 33-0 32-4 0-6 0-0 0:0
oy 0 586 34-6 33-9 0-7 0-0 0-0
22 0 590 35-5 34:0 155 0-0 0-0
23 0 586 36-5 34-2 2:3 0-0 0-0
Heb: 25 0) 0 579 36-6 34:3 2:3 0-0 0-0
ile {0 568 37-5 34-8 2-7 0-0 0-0
2 0 559 37-6 35-4 2-2 0-0 0-0

Clouds moving from

SSE?

WSw ?

OBSERVATIONS, JANUARY 9—FEBRUARY 25. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e.

201

Observer’s
Tnitial.

: Scud + thick cirrous clouds; very hazy to E.; sky in patches to SW.

. Homogeneous, except a few cumuli to 8.

. Light rain.
. Very light rain.
. Scud and cirri.
. Scud ; cirrous clouds.
Id. ; id.
Scud, moving rapidly.
Id. + cumulo-strati on horizon,
Id. + woolly cirri.
Id., moving rapidly.
Id.

Homogeneous scud ; light rain.

Scud.

Id. ; cumulo-strati on NE. horizon.
Homogeneous seud ; clearer to NE?
Scud, nearly homogeneous.
Homogeneous scud.

‘ 2 30™. The wind blew a gust of 1 lb. from WSW.
d.
Id.
Id.
Light rain.
Dark.

Id.

. Apparently haze over a portion of the sky, as the stars are but dimly seen.
As at last hour.

Scud. A lightish appearance to N.; Aurora ?
Id.
Id.
Id.; a lightish appearance to NE.; Aurora?
Patches of scud; dark clouds to NW.
Id. ; id.
Lightish streak on SE. horizon.

Scud; a light streak on NE. horizon.

Cirrous clouds to E.; clear on E. horizon.

Cirrous scud: woolly cirri + patches of cirro-cumuli; heavy clouds to E.
Id.
Id.

. Clearing to S.

. Cirrous scud + patches of loose scud below.

Id.

. Scud, thick to NE.

5

0.
0.

0.

0.

0.

0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.

0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.

0.

0.
0.

MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843.

ek Glaktalak- tials eel Gee Ce ELLE ELLE EEE dq <

202 TrerM-Day AND ExtTrA METEOROLOGICAL
setae THERMOMETERS, ANEMOMETER,.
Gottingen
ee oad cites é Pressure. Direction of Clouds moving from
Observation, Dry. Wet. Dit. | Sa See Wind.
Max. Pres.
a (hay an. in. C} oY = Ibs. Ibs.
Feb. 25 3 0 29-554 37-3 34-6 2-7 0:3 . ENE?
4 0 547 35-3 34-5 0-8 0-3 0-0 E
5 0 548 36-0 34:8 1-2 0:0 0-0 E
6 0 547 35-3 34-1 1-2 0-0 0:0 E
ve i) 563 34-8 33-8 1:0 0-0 0-0
8 0 571 34-4 33-4 1-0 0-0 0-0
9 0 566 34-6 33-6 1-0 0-0 0-0
10 0 551 33-3 32:8 0:5 0-0 0-0
Mar. 614 0 29-975 38-0 37-6 0-4
16 0 974 37-2 36-9 0:3
Mar..12 150 29-250 41-2 38-2 3-0 2:5 1:5 Ww. W by N.
14 0 252 41-1 38-1 3-0 2-5 1:5 Ww. W by N.
Mar. 20 18 0 29.212 41-8 41-4 0-4 0-5 0-0 SSE?
19 0 206 42-9 42-0 0-9 0:3 0-0 E. SSE,
20 0 200 43-8 43-0 0-8 0-0 0-0 SSE.
21 (0 192 45-2 44.6 0-6 0:3 0-0 ESE. SSE.
22 0 197 49-8 49-1 0-7 | 0-5 0-3 SE by 8. SSE.
23 0 187 50:6 48-1 2-5 1-8 1-0 8. SSE: SSE?
Mar. 21 0 0 189 52-4 49:7 2.7 1-5 1-0 8 by E 8.
1 0 187 53-8 50-3 3:5 1-2 0-5 SSE. SSE:S.
2 0 184 54-1 49-2 4-9 1:8 0-8 SSE Ss
3 0 182 55-6 50-2 5-4 1-5 0-8 8 by EB. 8.
4 0 182 54-2 50-0 4-2 0-5 0-3 SE by 8. 8
5 0 179 54:9 50-7 4.2 0-8 0-5 SE.
6 0 218 49-3 46:3 3-0 1-0 0-3 SW by 8? Varying,
“f 216 48-0 46:0 2-0 0-0 0-0 SE by S.
8 0 228 45:5 44:5 1-0 0-5 0-0 SSW.
9 0 212 44-2 43-3 0-9 0-4 0-0
10 0 200 43-0 42-7 03 | 0-3 0-0
1 (0 198 44-8 44-2 0-6 0-0 0-0
12 0 187 45:3 44-1 1-2 0-3 0-0
13 0 187 46-0 45-0 1-0 0-3 0-3 SE.
14 0 181 47-7 45:9 1-8 0-5 0-3 Eby N
15 0 156 46-0 44-6 1-4 0-3 0-0
16 0 148 44-7 43-6 1-1 0-3 0-0
17 0 132 45:3 44-1 1-2 0-3 0-0
18 0 127 47-7 45-7 2-0 0-0 0-0 Sby W?
19 0 113 47-3 45:5 1-8 0-3 0-0 SSE
20 0 122 47-5 46:0 1:5 0.3 0-3 S by EB. SSE
22 0 136 48-0 47-0 1-0 0-8 0-3 S by E.
23 0 117 49-0 47:8 1-2 0:5 0-0 8.
Mar. 22 0 O 117 53-7 50-6 3-1 1-3 13 8 by B SSE.
2 0 127 58:0 52:4 5-6 2-5 1:5 S by W. S by W.
3 0 134 58-8 51-0 7-8 2-0 2-7 S by W.
4 0 134 59-2 51-8 7-4 1:3 0-8 S by W. SSw.
5 (0 166 56-7 50-2 6-5 1-2 0-5 S by W. S by W.
Gand) 175 54-0 48-8 5-2 0-3 0-3 8 by W. ’ SSW.
7 0 207 50-0 47-0 3:0 0:3 0-0 8.
8 0 219 47-7 45-6 2-1 0-0 0-0 8.
S510 227 49-6 47-0 2-6 0-0 0-0
10 O 239 46-2 44-7 1-5 0-0 0-0

OBSERVATIONS, FEBRUARY 25—Marcu 22. 1843. 203

Pa
SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &. E Fs
FA |
h m
3 0. Scud; rain to ENE 2 B
4 0. Cirrous seud; hail a short time ago. Ww
5 0. Scud + cirrous send. WwW
6 0. Loose scud + cirrous clouds. Ww
7 0. Id. ro id. B
8 0. Very dark. D
9 0. Id. D
| 10 0. Id. D
14 0. Cumulous send to NW. Light seen through the clouds to NNW., and when the clouds clear away a bank of light is seen along that portion B
1 6 0. {of the horizon. B
13 0. Scud. Faint auroral light, stronger four hours ago. B
14 0. Id. B
18 0. Scud; light rain. R
19 0. Loose thin scud. B
20 0. Seud. B
21 0. Id. + loose-edged cumulo-strati and loose cumuli to E. and SE.
22 0. Id. + woolly cirro-cumuli and fine linear cirri lying N. and S.; cumulo-strati and loose cumuli near Ww
23 0. Large detached masses of scud: cirro-cumuli. [the horizon. Ww
0 0. Scud and loose cumuli + woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli. WwW
1 O. Thin scud: cirrous clouds. Ww
2 0. Detached masses of cumuli + cirro-cumuli. Ww
3 0. Loose cumuli + woolly cirri. Ww
4 0. Scud and masses of woolly cirro-cumuli. B
5 0. Scud; very dark to SSW.; thunder ? B
6 0. A large macs of electric clonds moyed up from SSW.; at first the W. was covered, but the tendency of the whole is towards the E.; the clouds
ae eo ieee aie acted on by several currents, now they appear to move from SSE.; large drops of rain; sky to E. with beautiful B
7 O. Thick scud, falling in showers, the drops very large ; hazy to E.; very black to S. and W. B
8 0. Heavy showers, scud. B
9 O. Clear, except a few clouds to N. Ww
10 =O. Clear. Ww
11 0. Id., except a small patch of scud to E. Ww
(12 0. Patches of loose scud. WwW
(13 0. Thin seud. Ww
14 0. Id. WwW
15 0. Id. Ww
16 (O. Id. Ww
a7 «(O. Id. WwW
18 0. Scud in different strata, moving very slowly + cumulo-strati and cirro-strati to E.; the latter very red. B
J 9 0. Thick scud, a few drops of rain; cirrous clouds or haze above? B
20 0. Seud ; light rain. B
22 0. Raining. Ww
23 0. Thick scud ; clearing up from SSW.; rain. Ww
0 0. Patches of cirrous scud + amass of clouds covers the sky from NW., by E., to SE. to an altitude of 40°,
curled cirri at the edges, apparently becoming haze to NE.; cumulo-strati near horizon; cumulito SW. || W
2 0. Detached masses of loose cumuli + the sky almost completely covered with thin crossed woolly cirri; || W
8 O. As at 2h, [cirrous haze on E. horizon. Ww
4 0. Masses of loose cumuli and cumulo-strati +- woolly cirrous clouds. B
/5 0. Masses of cirrous-edged cumuli + ranges of cumuli on E. and §. horizon; thin mixed woolly cirri. B
6 O. Large masses of cumulo-strati + cirrous clouds. B
/7 0. Masses of scud ; the sky quite milky with cirrous haze. WwW
'8 0. Thick masses of scud. Ww
9 0. Scud. Ww
10 0. Id. H

204 TeRM-Day AND ExtTRA METEOROLOGICAL
ore THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. q
Gottingen Quan-
fean Tim BAROMETER tity —
= of . Corrected. p nee: Direction of Clouds moving from oe |
Observation. Dry. Wet. Diff. Wind. Clouds, |
Max Pres. F |
deh. yn in. ° 2. 2 lbs. lbs.
Mar. 22 11 0|| 29-234 47-0 44-8 2-2 0-0 0-0
12 0 227 47-9 45-4 2-5 0-0 0-0
13 0 222 47-6 46-2 1-4 0-0 0-0
14 0 216 48-3 46-6 1:7 0.0 0-0
15 0 192 48-2 46-5 1:7 0-5 0:3 SE. Sby E
16 0 177 47-9 46-4 1:5 0-3 0-0 NNE.
17.0 161 47-1 45-8 1:3 0.3 163 SE. SSH?
18 0 143 48-8 46:8 2-0 2-0 0-3 ESE.
19 0 140 50-0 47-0 3-0 1-5 0-8 E by 8. SSE.
20 0 170 48-9 47-0 1-9 0:3 0-7 SE.
21 0 160 47-5 45-9 1-6 0-0 0-0
22 0 158 45-8 42.2 3-6 0-3 0-0 NNE. SSE?
23 0 183 47-2 47-0 0-2 0-0 0.0
Mar. 23 0 0 183 48.2 48-0 0-2 0-0 0-0 SSE.
tine) 195 51-7 50-2 1-5 0-0 0-0 Sby B
PaO 204 55-4 52-0 3-4 0:5 0-7 8.
3) 80 221 54-8 51-3 3-5 1-0 0-5 SE by 8. 8 by B
4 0 236 53-7 51-0 2.7 1:3 0-7 SSB. 8 by E.
5 0 269 52-7 49-3 3-4 1:3 0:3 Sw. Sw.
6 0 311 51-2 48-7 2.5 0-5 0-0
igi 361 48-2 46-1 2-1 0:3 0-3 Sw. SW.
8 0 374 44.7 43-2 1-5 0-3 0-0
9 0 406 41-0 40-8 0-2 0-0 0-0
10 0 421 41-2 40-8 0-4 0-0 0-0
Mar. 29 12 0 || 29-761 32-0 31-8 0-2 0-0 0-0
Apr. 5 12 0 |] 29-590 37-9 36-7 1-2 0-0 0-0
14 0 576 36-0 34-8 1-2 0-0 0-0
16 0 531 35-7 35-0 0-7 0-0 0-0
Apr. 612 0 || 29.177 44-6 43-2 1-4 0-0 0-0
14 0 175 41-8 40-6 1-2 0-0 0-0
16 0 167 39-8 39-0 0-8 0-5 0-0
Apr. 19 10 0 || 29-623 49-0 46-7 2:3 0-0 0-0
11 0 629 47-8 46-1 1:7 0-0 00
12 0 627 45-2 44.3 0-9 0-0 00
13 0 609 44-6 43-9 0-7 0-0 0-0
14 0 595 43-5 43-3 0-2 0-0 0-0
150 582 42.2 41-9 0-3 0-0 0-0
16 0 576 38-8 38-2 0-6 0-0 0-0
re 0) 567 39-0 39-0 0-0 0-0 | 00
18 0 557 36:3 36-0 0:3 0:0 | 0-0 Sw.
19 0 549 40-6 40-3 0:3 0:0 | 0-0
20 0 547 44-0 42.2 1:8 0-0 0-0 8?
Ol a) 547 50-2 45:3 4-9 0-0 | 0-0
22 0 530 53-3 47-0 6-3 0-5 0-5 ENE.
23080 516 53-8 47-0 6-8 0-7 0-5 E by N. SSE.
Apr. 20 0 0 509 55-8 49-0 6:8 0-7 | 0-3 SE by 8
L410 504 55-6 elats: Bac 0-5 0:3 SE.
20 484 55-0 50-0 5-0 0-3 | 0-3 Bi by 8. SE by 8
3 463 54-2 49-0 5-2 0:5 0-1 NE. 8.
4 0 467 52:8 48-1 4:7 0-5 0-1 NE. SW.
Se (t} 466 51-8 48-0 3-8 0-5 0-1 NE.
6 0 468 51-3 47-5 3-8 0-3 0-0 SSW.

OBSERVATIONS, MArcH 22—Aprir 20. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c.

205

Observer’s
Initial.

dddubtitssusssutbtwewww ses

a

h m.
11 0. Seud.
12 0. Id. i
13 0. Id.
14 0. Id.
15 0. Id.
16 0. A few drops of rain. The wind since last hour has moved round by E. to N.
17 0. Scud; afew drops of rain; wind beginning to blow.
18 0. Id.
19 0. Id. some of it very low + cirrous clouds.
#20 0. Id.
21 0. Id.; drops of rain.
22 0. Id.; smart shower.
23 0. Rain.
0 0. Scud + cumulo-strati to §.; breaking to 8.
i e ao +— large cirro-cumuli and cirrous haze ; cumulo-strati and cumuli on horizon ; clearing to S.
2 0. Seud.
3 0. Cirrous seud.
4 0. Scud; light rain.
5 0. Id.
6 0. Heavy clouds on E. horizon.
7 0. Seud.
8 0. Small patches of scud ; cirrous haze on horizon.
9 0. Id.
10 0. Seud.
12 0. Aurora before this time. (See Extra Magnetical Observations.)
12 0. Aurora. (See Extra Magnetical Observations.)
14 0. Id.; patches of clouds to NNW.
16 0. The sky became quickly covered with seud at 154 30".
12 0: Scud.
14 0. Aurora
16 0. Id.
10 0. Scud.
11 0. Id.
(12 «0. Id.
18 0. Clouds and haze on horizon.
(14 «0. Id. ; dark.
“15 0. Linear cirri to SSE.
16 0. Scud?
17 0. A sheet of loose cirro-cumuli; thick fog.
‘18 0. Loose cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri; thick fog.
ik 9 0. Loose seud ; foggy.
20 0. Cirrous clouds, woolly cirri, &e.
/21 0. Id., id.
/22 0. The sky covered with cirrous clouds and haze; cumulo-strati.
123 0. Nearly as before ; large cirro-cumuli +- cumulo-strati near horizon.
0 0. Scud + cirrous clouds ; cumulo-strati to S.; drops of rain.
1 O. Id, + cirro-cumuli; the horizon dark with clouds to W.
2 0. Id. +a thick mass of cirrous clouds; ranges of cumulo-strati to SE. and S.
'3 0. Id. + cirrous clouds to NE.
4 0. Id. + cirro-strati to E.; cirri to NE.
5 0. Id.; dark clouds to W.
6 0. Id. + large cirro-cumuli.

} MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1848. P 3F

we

anni dhid ddr wuuomne d | 42) und

206 TrerM-DAY AND ExTRA METEOROLOGICAL

Gittingen THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER.

Mean Time BAROMETER

of Corrected. ea Direction of
Observation. : 5 . Wind.
Pres.

Pressure. Clouds moving from

3 Se lbs.
47-9 : : 0-0
46-9 : 4 0-0
47-3 c : 0:0
47-7 zl 0-0

coocoEs:

—}

SW by W.

Os BONO NIES "eo tise tee RONDE RO IRD
DRIDHDODSOOHwWEA

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

me OR Oe
eed ae ORs

June 7 SSE.

o

June 20 SW by 8.
Sw.
WSsw.
SW.
SW by W.
WSw.
Wsw.
W by 8. v.
W by 8.
W.v.
WSw.
W by 8.
WYW v.
W by N.
Wy.
W.

ocoocoooocooocoocecocececeo

0.
0.
0.
0.

0.
0.
0.
0
0.
0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.

OBSERVATIONS, APRIL 20—JUNE 21. 1843.

SPEcIES OF CLoUDs, &e.

207

Observer’s
Initial.

Cirro-cumulous scud.
Id.

. Seud.

Id.

Le luminous opening to NE. by N. portion of horizon.
Td.

Id.

Id.; cirro-strati all round ; slight drizzle.
Id. ; id. ; id-

Id.; cirro-strati on S. and E. horizon.

Id. ; id. to NE.

ids; id.

Id.

Id.

Id.

Id.

Id.; a few drops of rain.

Id. ; id.

Id.; rain.

Id. + cirrous clouds and haze to E.

. As before; slight shower.
. Seud

Light rain.
Id.

. Rain.

a

—

BRONHOOCODIDNRWIHS

77

hs

0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.

. Cirro-cumulo-strati and large cirro-cumuli, moving slowly + mottled cirri.

Id id., and mottled cirri + cirrous haze near horizon.

. Seud to S.: cirro-cumulo-strati.

. Scud, moving rather quickly + dense cirrous clouds.

. Mottled, ragged, and other kinds of scud + dense cirro-cumuli and cirrous haze ; electric-looking.
. Scud +— dense cirrous clouds.

Id. + cirro-strati and linear cirri. [turned to N.

. Large masses of cirrous scud + cumulo-strati on horizon; curled cirri to 8. lying 8. and N., the curl

0. Seud and loose cumuli + cirri to 8.

0. 3 +— cumulo-strati on E. and S. horizon.

0. Id.

0. Td.

0. Id.

0. Cumuli and cumulo-strati on N. and 8. horizon; fine cirri forming.
0. Cirro-strati on horizon.

0. Cumulo-strati and cirrous haze on E. and N. horizon.

0. Cirro-strati on horizon to E. and N.; red to N.

0. Cirro-cumulous seud, stationary ; cirro-strati on horizon.

0. Id.

0. Id. ; cirro-strati near horizon.

0. Id., moving very slowly + cirro-strati on E. and N. horizon; very thick to E.

Uaddduewdddse © ue dda] J | md guowemeumddeduggdwuuun || aude

208 TrerM-DAy AND Extra METEOROLOGICAL

Gottingen THERMOMETERS, ANEMOMETER.
Mean Time BAROMETER a fee ye
of Corrected. ressure. Direction of ouds moving from

Observation. i q iff. P Wind.
res.

Ibs.
0-0
0-0

ad. oh.
June 21 15

20) CO. COL AT SY Osu GO EE
wou sSoMmwaids

escoocoocoooeocscoscosoosooocos

coenmnytaunRwnre

DANIAN R WHE OS

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

61-8

OBSERVATIONS MADE AT BERWICK-UPON-T WEED.

OMDHAUUNUNH KW

July 5—6. The above observations were made at the end of the pier at Berwick for the purpose of determining the height of the
barometer at Makerstoun above the level of the sea, but were rendered valueless for that purpose by the occurrence of a thunder-storm
Height of the cistern of the barometer at the Berwick pier above the mean level of the sea = 32 feet.

OBSERVATIONS, JUNE 21—JuLY 6. 1843. 209

SPEcIES OF CLOUDS, &.

Observer’s
Tnitial.

™ :
15 0. Cirro-cumulous scud + cumulo-strati on E. and N. horizon.
16 Cirrous scud +~ cirri; cirro-strati near E. horizon; clouds tinged with red to NE.
17 Scud and loose cumuli + cumulo-strati to S.; cirri to N.
18 0. Cirro-cumulous scud + cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri; cumulo-strati on E. and S. horizon.
19 Scud + cirro-cumuli, cirro-strati.
20 Cirro-strati diverging from NW.; dark cumuli to N.; cirro-cumuli to E. and S.
21 Scud + cirro-cumuli. :
22 Cirro-cumulous-cirrous-edged cumuli; fine linear cirri.
23 As before.
Scud and cumuli + cirrous haze on E. horizon.
Id.
Cirrous-edged cumuli + masses of woolly cirri; the temperature has been as high as 65° since last hour.
Id.
Id, in detached masses +— masses of cirro-cumuli to E.
Id.

Patches of cumuli on horizon.

Patches of seud + cumuli on horizon.
Cirrous scud.

Cirri and cumuli.

Red and gray cirro-cumuli to N.; hazy to E.

Scud; dense cirro-stratus ; a few drops of rain.
Id. ; id.; hazy.
Td. ; id.

Scud, cirrous clouds ; heavy thunder-showers.

COUIMDMPWHH OS] COMDNIBDBMNIFWNHHS

Thunder-storm. (See Daily Observations.)

cosssoosssssssesssese | sssssssssssseessesoos#

| 444eeeeeeeeaeeeeesse seems sesumsenmtmmseses

10 Id.

18 Scud ; cirrous clouds and haze.

20 Id. ; id.

21 ,

£22 Scud and loose cumuli.

23

0 Id. ; patches of cirri.
1

5.2 Id.

3

4 Id.

j

"

8 40. B

i 4 0. B
a 435. B
@ 5 O. Thunder and rain.’ B

—~=65 30. B
5 45. B

6 Oz B

7 8 5. B

8 30. B

Bo (0. B

Moke. ann wer. ons. 1843. 3G

210 TERM-DAY AND ExtrRA METEOROLOGICAL
Géttingen THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER,
fean Ti AROMETE
Me af gs terse aoe ’ Pressure. Dikethionor Clouds moving from
Observation. Dry. Wet. Diff. Wind.
i eG in. S = -
July 522 0|| 29.532 || 60.0
22 30 517 60-6
23 0 527 60-9
23 30 529 61-1
July 6 0 0 531 613
0 30 524 61-6
io 525 61-7
1 30 526 63-3
2 0 526 62-7
July 19 10 0 29-490 51-0 49-7 1-3 Ww.
0 498 51-4 50-0 1-4
12 0 497 50-0 49-0 1-0
ise 486 48-7 48-0 0-7
14 0 479 49-8 48-7 1-1
15 0 458 48-7 47-8 0-9
16 0 450 46-7 45-9 0-8 Ww.
1% 0 444 46-0 45-2 0-8 WobyS
18 0 442 47-5 45-5 2-0 Nw?
19 0 427 50-0 47-2 2-8 SW by W.
20 0 409 51-3 48-5 2:8 Sw. NW?
21 10 389 54-0 50-8 3-2 SW. WbyS
22 0 373 53-6 50-6 3-0 Sw. WSW
23 0 356 51-6 49.9 1-7 Sw.
July 20 0 0 326 51-2 | 50-1 Ll SW by §
i 0 287 52-2 51-2 1-0 Sw.
2 0 260 53:8 52.2 1-6 SW. Ww.
3 0 239 55-0 52.6 2-4 WSwW.
4 0 228 55-9 53-0 2-9 SW. W by 8.
5 0 215 55-9 53-1 2-8 SW. Ww.
6 0 205 56-4 53-0 3-4 Ww.
“a 10 212 55-7 52-1 3-6 W.
8 0 214 55-1 52-0 3-1 WSW. WNW.
9 0 221 54:8 51-4 3-4 SW by S. WNW : Nw.
10 0 232 52-7 50-8 1-9 WbyS Nw.
Aug. 25 10 0 29-545 56-6 54-9 1-7 SW by S.
11 0O 571 55-6 54-1 1-5 SW by 8.
12 0 578 52-8 52-2 0-6
13) @ 580 50-7 50-4 0-3
14 0 592 49-0 48-7 0:3
Ta 46 592 48-8 48-0 0:8
16 0 599 47-5 47-5 0-0
17 0 603 49-0 48-7 0-3
18 0 608 50-2 49-8 0-4 SSW?: SSW.
19 0 621 48-6 48-6 0-0
20 0 622 53-2 51:8 1-4
21 ‘0 619 57-0 55-0 2-0 Sw.
22 0 616 61-2 57:9 3-3 SSW. SW.
23° 0 615 62-9 57-6 5-3 SW byS Sw.
Aug. 26 0 O 614 64-0 58-0 6-0 SW. Sw.
1 0 610 | 64-3 | 58-2 6-1 SW by 8 SW by 8
2 “0 604 65-2 59-0 6-2 Sw. Sw.
3 0 601 59-0 57-2 1:8 Sw.
4 0 616 53-4 53-3 0-1 SW. Sw.
5 0 608 54-9 54-5 0-4 Sw.
6 0 625 53-7 53-4 0-3 WSW. Sw.
Led 643 53-9 52-9 1-0 SW. WSwW.

Quan- |
tity }
of |

Clouds,

0-10, J

d

OBSERVATIONS, JuLY 5—AveGusT 26. 1843. 211
| oe
’ SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &. _ q =

h.
| 22 0 B
| 22 30 B
23 «0, B
23 30. B
0 0. B
0 30. B
1 0. B
1 30. B
2 0. B
10 0. Seud. B
11 0. Id. B
12 0. A streak of light to NNE. H
13 0. Id. H
14 0. Send. D
15 0. Id.; very red to E. B
16 (0. Cirro-cumulous seud ; sky red to E. B
17 (0. + linear cirri; scud on Cheviot. B
18 0. Scud + cirro-strati on E. horizon. H
19° 0. Id. + id. H
20 0. Id. H
21 #0. Id. + cirrous clouds. Ww
22 0. Id.; light rain. Ww
23 0. Rain. w
0 0. Id. Ww
1 0. Id. w
2 (0. Scud; light rain. Ww
3 0. Ia; id. Ww
e4 0. Id. Ww
5 0. Id.; passing showers. B
6 O. Id.; the sun’s disc just visible through thick cirrous haze. B
7 0. 1a. D
8 0. Id. + cirrous clouds. D
' 9 0. Loose seud : cirro-cumuli and cirrous scud. Ww
/10 0. Scud + cirro-cumuli and cirrous clouds; dark mass of scud to E. Ww
110 0. Scud. Ww
/11 0. Cirrous clouds and cirro-strati. B
/12 0. Loose cumuli?; cirro-strati. B
13 0. Cirro-strati. B
(14 «0z. Id. D
| 15 0. Id. ; a small patch of cumulus to 8. D
16 0. Cirrous haze, linear cirri, and cirro-strati. B
17 ©=©(0. Fine linear cirri and cirrous haze, becoming thick to E. B
18 0. Cirrous scud to W.: feathered and woolly cirri to S. +- thick mass of linear cirri and cirrous haze to E. B
19 0. Nearly as before. D
/20 0. Cirri and haze. D
21 0. Masses of scud + cirro-strati to W.; cirrous haze on E, horizon. w
/22 0. Scud and loose cumuli. Ww
23 0. : + cirrous clouds to W. Ww
0 (0. Id. - id. Ww
1 O. Scud + cirro-cumuli and cirro-strati. H
2 O. Scud and cumuli; dark scud to SW. H
3 0. Dark electric seud ; thunder ; a shower lately and a heavy one immediately. w
4 0. Scud + thick cirrous haze. WwW
65 0. Thick, nearly homogeneous cirrous mass +— patches of scud near horizon. WwW
6 O. Scud + cumuli on ‘S. horizon ; heavy shower. Ww
7 0. Cirrous scud + cirro-strati and scud to E. Ww

212 TrerM-Day AND Extra METEOROLOGICAL
: THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER.
eee a BAROMETER
Mean Time A
of Corrected. ie Wat. OS Pressure. Direction of Clouds moving from
Observation. y: ‘ M Wind.
ax. | Pres.
Gi uaaRale units in. 3 y 2 lbs. Tbs.
Aug. 26 8 0 29-651 50-9 50-3 0-6 0-4 0-0
9 0 678 49-8 49-3 0-5 0-0 0-0 .
10 0 697 51-0 50:3 0:7 0-2 0-2 |* SW.
Sept. 18 12 0 29-988 47-7 46-8 0-9 0-1 0-0
Sept. 20 10 0 29-790 59-3 57-8 1-5 1-2 0-3
150 783 59-7 58-2 1:5 0-8 0-5 WSW?
12 0 770 58-9 57-9 1-0 0-5 0-3
13 0 769 59-6 58-3 1-3 1-0 0-3
14 0 769 59-0 57-6 1-4 0-4 0-1 SW.
15 0 779 58-0 56-7 1-3 0-2 0-2 WSsw.
16 0 776 59-2 56-4 2-8 0-3 0-3 SW.
17 0 775 58-8 56-4 2-4 0-6 0-1 SW.
18 0 797 59-7 56-6 3-1 0-6 0-1 W by S.
19 0 813 59-7 56-7 3-0 0:8 0-5 WSW. w.
20 0 833 60-7 57-4 3-3 0-9 0-3 SW.
21 0 862 62-2 58-7 3-5 0-5 0-0 Ww.
200: 874 63-5 59-0 4-5 0-3 0-3 Ww. Ww.
23 0 893 63-0 58-0 5-0 0-5 0-4 NW by N Ww.
Sept. 21 0 0 908 64:3 58-0 6-3 1-0 0-7 Nw. W by N.
1 0 923 63-6 57-2 6-4 0-6 0-5 WSW
2 0 935 63-4 56-5 6-9 0-9 0-5 Ww. W by N.
3 0 944 64-2 57-0 7:2 0-4 0-2 WNW.
4 0 958 64-9 57-6 6-3 0-3 0-1 j
Sy (4) 971 62-9 57-5 5-4 0-4 0-3 NNW
6 0 29-990 60-9 55-8 5-1 0-2 0-0
7 0 30-008 56-3 53-6 2.7 0-0 0-0
8 0 042 51-1 50-1 1-0 0-0 0-0
9 0 073 48-0 47-7 0-3 0-0 0-0
10 0 082 47-2 46:1 1-1 0:0 0-0
11 0 099 49-1 47-9 1-2 0-0 00
12 0 109 47-0 46-2 0-8 0-0 0-0
13 0 118 45-3 44-8 0-5 0-0 | 0-0
14 0 145 44-6 44.3 0-3 0-0 0-0
15 0 148 43-2 43-0 0-2 0-0 0-0
16 0 162 43-2 42.7 0-5 0-0 00
17 0 167 42:4 42-3 0-1 0-0 0-0
18 0 190 41-9 41-8 0-1 0-0 0-0
19 0 210 40:8 40-8 0-0 0-0 0-0
19 30 225 42-6 42-0 0-6 0-0 0-0 NE.
20 0 231 45-7 45-0 0-7 0-0 0-0
21 0 248 49-2 48-1 1-1 0-0 0-0
22°40 264 52-4 51-0 1-4 0-0 0-0
23 0 267 56-6 54-4 2-2 0-0 0-0
Sept. 22 0 0 266 59-4 56-0 3-4 0-1 0-0 WNW?
1 0 261 63-0 58-7 4.3 0-0 0-0
2 0 250 66-2 59-3 6-9 0-0 0-0
3 0 244 68-8 61-7 7-1 0-0 0-0
4 0 244 69-7 60-3 9-4 0-0 0-0
5 0 246 69-2 61-7 7-5 0-0 0-0
6 0 264 64-1 60-3 3-8 0-0 0-0
«0 273 60-0 58-3 1-7 0-1 0-0
8 0 279 55-3 55-0 2 0-3 0-1 0-0 NE.
a) 288 53-3 52.1 1-2 0-0 0-0
10 0 301 51-0 49.7 1-3 0-0 0-0
Oct. 18 10 0 30-014 30-3 29-6 0-7 0-0 0-0

OBSERVATIONS, AuUGUsT 26—OcToBER 18. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &.

213

Observer’s
Tnitial.

. Scud and cirrous clouds near horizon.

Seud.

m.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0
0.
0.
0.

Faint Aurora.

| 444

Cirro-strati to N.
Scud + cirro-strati.

. Cirro-strati.
Id.

Scud. The Aurora has disappeared.
Masses of scud.
Id.; cirro-strati on E. horizon.
Seud + cirro-strati on E. horizon.
Id. + id.
Id. + cirrous clouds,
Id. + feathered and woolly cirri.
Id. + id.
Id. + cirro-cumuli,
. Cirrous-edged and loose cumuli + curled, feathered, and mottled cirri.
Masses of loose cumuli +- woolly and curled cirri.
. Masses of seud + cirri and cirro-strati to E.
Loose cumuli + cirro-strati to S.
Id. — id.
. Loose patches of seud; cumuli on S. horizon ; haze on E. horizon.
. Cirro-strati on S. horizon; cirrous haze on E. horizon.
Thick cirrous haze to E.

Sky covered with scud.
. Cirrous scud to N. and NE.
. Strips of hazy cirro-stratus on E. horizon,
Clear.
A small patch of scud to NE.
Clear.
Id.
Id.
Cirro-strati to NW.
A few patches of hazy cirro-stratus to NNW.
Id.

Id.
Clear.
. Patches of cirro-strati to NNW.
Clear.
Id.

for pulsations visible.
Id. and send. 14h 35m. Bright Auroral light from NW. by N. toN., extending from the horizon to about 12° altitude; nostreamers

Id.

4/ $33essssessesesunn rrr bowsmoMseeshedesuyuuy

MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843.

14 TreRM-DAY AND ExtrRA METEOROLOGICAL

Gotti THERMOMETERS, ANEMOMETER.
ottingen
Mean Time BAROMETER Pramaze @landshovinne
of Corrected. Z . Dircationtor oving from
Observation. Dry. Wet. Diff. hes ene (pre: Wind.
Max. Pres.
@ hs x. in. ° ° ° lbs. lbs.
Oct. 18 11 0 30-029 30-0 28:3 1-7 0-0 0-0
12 0 041 28-0 seeeee tee 0-0 0-0
13 0 061 26:6 | eseeee tee 0:0 0-0
14 0 078 26:0 | veeeee ee 0-0 0-0
15 0 090 23-7 23-7 0-0 0-0 0-0
16 0 102 23-9 23-4 0-5 0-0 0-0
17 0 115 23-9 23-5 0-4 0-0 0-0
18 0 120 24-0 23-6 0-4 0-0 0-0
19 0 139 24-0 24-0 0-0 0-0 0-0
20 0 153 26-2 26-0 0-2 0-0 0-0
21 0 151 29-1 27-2 * 1:9 0-0 0-0
22 0 152 33-0 31-0 2-0 0-0 0-0 WwW.
23 0 154 35:3 32-2 3-1 0-0 0-0 Ww. Ww.
Oct. 19 0 0 161 40-4 35-9 4:5 0-1 0-1 W by 8. WNW.
1 0 147 42-9 38-7 4-2 0-4 0-3 WSW.
2 0 124 44-4 39-3 5-1 0:3 0-2 W by 8.
3.0 115 45-0 39-5 55 0:3 0-2 W by S.
4 0 110 44-7 39-8 4-9 0-4 0-4 WSsw.
5 0 104 41-9 38-9 3-0 0-3 0-2
GP Oui 107 39-6 37-2 2-4 0-3 0-1 Sw.
a 0 098 38:3 36-6 1-7 0-1 0-0
8 0 079 39-2 37-2 2-0 0-1 0-0
9 0 069 36-7 35-3 1-4 0-1 0-0
10 9 061 37-2 36-0 1-2 0:0 0-2
Oct; (27°22 (0 28-522 45-9 45-2 0-7 2-7 2-0 E by N. E by 8.
23 0 464 46-1 45-6 0-5 2-2 1-5 NE. Eby N.
23 30 427
Oct. 28 0 O 417 48-0 47-0 1-0 2-6 0-8 E. ESE.
0 5 415
0 30 422
1 30 431
2 0 423 45-1 43-0 2-1 1-5 0-8 E. ESE.
3 30 425
4 0 424 43-7 41:8 1-9 1:3 0:3 NE. Eby N: 2B.
Nov. 212 0 29-571 33-0 32-0 1-0 0-0 0:0 SSE.
Nov. 24 10 0 29-460 34-0 32-6 1-4 0-0 0-0
TH) 465 B08 | osreeee te 0-0 0-0
12 0 477 34-0 32-0 2-0 0-0 0-0
13 60 476 34-2 33-7 0-5 0-0 0-0
14 0 474 34:8 34-1 0-7 0-0 0-0
15 0 460 33-9 33-3 0-6 0-0 0-0
16 0 446 34-0 33-6 0-4 0-0 0-0
17 0 430 28-3 | veeeee ee 0-0 0-0
18 0 430 29-5 voeeee tee 0-0 0-0
19 0 435 B00 | verses te 0-0 0-0
20 0 429 29-3 | wseeee ee 0-0 0-0
21 O 424 SOS) Mi comsines wala 0-0 0-0 Ss.
22 0 423 33-3 31-6 1-7 0-0 0-0
23 0 422 33-7 32-2 1:5 0-0 0-0
Nov. 25 0 0 390 34:3 33-6 0:7 0-0 0-0 Ww
1 50 368 35-3 34-4 0-9 0-0 0-0 S
2 0 383 36-7 35-6 1-1 0-0 0-0
3 0 385 35-7 35-0 0-7 0-0 0-0 W:NW
4 0 387 35-3 34-7 0-6 0-0 0-0 W
5 0 364 B10 | eeeeee tee 0-0 0-0

10

a

> ee ae Be

eseoocssssssssssssses9e9e9°—9°=94

ivy}
rr

OBSERVATIONS, OcTOBER 18—NoveEMBER 25. 1843.

SPECIES OF CLoUDs, &c.

215

Observer’s
Initial.

Clear.

Id.

Id.

Id.
Cirro-strati to E.
Clear.
Slight cirrous haze to E.; faint lunar halo.
Cirro-strati to E.

Id., tinged with red.

Cirro-strati on horizon; cumuli.
Cirro-cumuli ; haze on horizon.
Woolly cirri, moving slowly + patches of mottled cirri.
Diffuse and mottled cirri.
Woolly, mottled, and linéar cirri and cirro-strati.
Cirro-strati to S.

Cirrous haze; patches of scud to S.
Cirro-strati and cirrous haze on NNE. horizon.

. Haze with patches of scud.

Cirrous haze and cirro-strati.
Cirrous clouds and haze.

Id.
Cirrous clouds on horizon.
Cirro-strati and cirrous haze.

. Loose seud ; drizzle ; Scotch mist.

Scud ; light drizzle.

. Loose scud.

. Scud and loose cumuli, breaking to E.

. Loose seud: woolly cirri + diffuse cirri to W.

w ddddd d4[wdueduduuddommmmdeddoddas

cosssssssssss

ao wow
eosssss|s|ssessaus

. Patches of scud + cirro-strati to N.

. Sky covered with thin clouds.

Scud 2
Td.

. Clear on E. horizon.

Cirrous clouds ?
Scud ?; sky to E. and S.
Clouds on horizon.

Id. ; cirrous haze.

Cirrous haze ; stars of the third magnitude are visible in the zenith.

Woolly cirri and cirrous haze; cirro-strati to 8. and E,
Thick woolly scud + cirro-strati to NE.; cirrous haze.
Snowing.
Thick cirrous mass; cirro-cumulous scud below to N.
Large woolly cirro-cumuli, moving slowly.
Cirrous scud and loose cumuli.

Id

. Massive, zigzag, thunderbolt cirro-strati, radiating from S.: woolly cirri.
. Cirrous scud and woolly cirri.
. Flame cirri to §.; cirrous haze.

4dnddedmuwonwwwonms d|

216 TrerM-DAY AND ExTrA METEOROLOGICAL
mike THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER.
Gottingen
Mean ee spice aps Prada: ents :
0 ed. . irection 0}
Observation. sie Dry. Wet. Diff. M Wind.
ax. Pres.
TE re in. ie Me = lbs. Ibs.
Nov. 25 6 0 29-364 B02 | vraeee oo 0-0 0-0
i 30 375 28-3 | weeree 0-0 0-0
8 0 366 29-3 | wen wne cae 0-0 0-0
9 0 368 31-7 31-7 0-0 0-0 0-0
10 0 339 B04 | veeeee tee 0-0 0-0
Dec. 10 13 0 29-942 46:8 44-7 2-1 0-5 0-2 SSW.
14 0 29-939 47-0 44-8 2-2 0-2 0-2 SSW.
Dec. 11 12 0 30-087 47-0 46-1 0-9 0-1 0-0
Dec. 20 10 O 29-891 47-7 45-6 2-1 0-5 0-2 Sw.
it (0) 893 48-3 46:3 2-0 0-9 0-7 Sw.
12 0 896 49-3 46-8 2-5 1-5 0-2 Sw?
ise 899 48.2 46-4 1-8 0-4 0-3 SSW.
14 0 872 47-6 46-1 1:5 1:0 1-5 SW?
15 0 870 48-3 46-9 1-4 1-0 0-5 SSW.
16 0 892 48-4 47-9 0-5 0:8 0-6 Sw.
17) <0 927 46-4 45-8 0-6 1-0 0-1 Ww.
18 0 940 45-5 44-5 1-0 0-0 0-0
19 O 971 39-9 39-7 0-2 0-0 0-0
20 0 29-994 39-0 39-0 0-0 0-0 0-0
21 0 30-022 42-1 41-5 0-6 0-0 0-0
22 0 055 38-9 38-7 0-2 0-1 0-0 Sw.
23 0 073 43-0 41-5 1:5 0-1 0-1
Dec. 21 0 0 077 42-9 41-8 1-1 0-1 0-1 SSW.
1-30 081 43-4 42.2 1-2 0-1 0-2 SW by 8S.
2 0 086 45-0 43-6 1-4 0-2 0-0
3 0 101 43-5 42-5 1-0 0-0 0-0
4 0 103 40-8 40-6 0-2 0-0 0-0
5 0 113 37-4 37-2 0-2 0-0 0-0
6 0 109 37-1 37-0 0-1 0-0 0-0
0) 117 38-7 38-5 0-2 0:0 0-0
8 0 105 39-6 39-3 0:3 0-0 0-0
9 0 083 39-1 38-7 0-4 0-0 0-0
10 0 066 38-6 38-0 0-6 0-0 0-0
i) 061 39-0 38:8 0-2 0-0 0-0
12 0 046 39-4 39-2 0-2 0-0 0-0
13 0 018 40-0 39-7 0:3 0-0 0-0
14 0 30-002 40-7 40-4 0-3 0-0 0-0
15 0 29-979 41-3 40-9 0-4 0-0 0-0
16 0 957 45-3 44-7 0-6 0-2 0-2 SSw.
aire M1) 940 46-1 45:3 0-8 0-9 1-0 S by W.
18 0 925 44-2 43-7 0-5 0-3 0:0
19 O 897 44-1 43-6 0-5 0-0 0-0
21 0 845 416-6 44-7 1-9 0-7 0-5 SSW.
23 0 808 50-0 47-7 2:3 3-7 oo
Dec. 22 0 O 759 51-0 48-6 2-4 2-8 1-4 SSW.
a) 718 50-0 49-3 15 2-1 1-4 SSW.
Be 0) 691 53-0 51-0 2-0 4:5 3-4 SW by 8.
3.0 659 53-8 51-6 2-2 4-8 3-1 SSW.
4 0 636 53-7 51:8 1-9 6-0 4-8 SW by 8.
5 0 647 54-2 50-9 3:3 5-4 5-4 SSW.
6 0 631 53-7 50-5 3-2 7:3 5-6 SSW.
a 0 665 52-9 49-1 3-8 5-9 3-7 SW by 8.
8 0 660 52-2 48-2 4:0 5.8 3-9 SW by 8.
10 O 710 51-0 46-8 4-2 4-7 2-1 SW by S.

Clouds moving from

2-0 |
0-5 |
10-0?)
10-0
7:0
SW. 10-0
10-0
10-0
10-0
10-0
9-0
10-0
10-0
10-0
10-0
10-0
7-0
0-2
Ww. 0-2
0-5
WNW? 0-2
0-2
Ww. 5:0
3-0
0-5
W by N. 4:0
15
2-0
2.0
9.
3-0
0.5
0-5
9-5
4
9-7
7
10-0
9.(
Ww? 3-0
Wsw? 3-0
Wsw? 9
SW : Sw. 8-0
SW by 8. (
SSW.
SW by 8S.
SW by 5.
SWiS:SWiwW.
SW iw.
SW: WSW.
Sw?
Sw.

i
as

SS S| SS SoS eee

|
1]

OBSERVATIONS, NOVEMBER 25—DECEMBER 22. 1843. 217

SPECIEs oF CLOUDS, &.

bserver’s
Tnitial.

| sv¥ehY | 0

5 0. Foggy; cirrous clouds.
0. Cirro-strati to S. and E.
0. Thick fog.
0. Id.
0. Id.
13 0. Seud.
14 0.
12 0.

a
SCOMSIO

He OO

0. Scud.

0. Id.

0. Id.

0. Id.
14 0. Slight rain.

0. Id.

0. Rain heavier.

0. Light rain.

0. Strata of clouds lying ENE. to WSW.
Cirro-strati on E. horizon.
Scud to S. + ribbed cirri; cirro-strati on E. horizon.
Patches of seud’on N. and S. horizon; woolly cirri; cirro-strati to S.
Patches of seud + cirro-strati and cirrous haze to SE.
Patches of cirrous clouds and haze.
Woolly and linear cirri.

0.
20 0.
; Woolly and mottled cirro-strati on horizon.

z

Patches of mottled and woolly cirri; cirrous haze and cirro-strati on horizon.
Woolly cirri and thin woolly cirro-cumuli.
Cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri to NW. ; cirrous haze on horizon.
Cirro-cumuli to W.; cirrous haze to E.; cirro-strati to N.
Sheets of cirro-strati reaching from SSW. to E.
Seud. ;
Clouds on E. and S. horizon.
Streaks of clouds.
Id.
Loose seud.

0.
0.

NWR SCOONIDAPWDOHO

Td.
Id.
Id.
Id.
Id.
. Scud + cirro-strati and cirrous haze to E.
eld, — id.
Thin gray smoky send: beautifully mottled cirri and bunches of woolly cirri, coloured orange-yellow ~ linear cirri and cirfo-strati to E.
Scud.
Id.
Id. In strong gusts of wind the vane indicates SW. by 8.
Id.
Id.: masses of cirri.
Id.; clouds just clearing off.
Two currents of scud.
Scud.
Id.
Id.
oe td.

fw

0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.

ad uw 4 Seb esssades4edudhuds denn domwevvoue dd s|

0.
0.
7)
0,
0.
(OO
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.

AG. AND MET. oBs, 1843. 31

18 Extra METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, OcTOBER 1842—DECEMBER 1843.

Gittingen Temperature of Water. Gittingen Tepes of Water. Gittingen Temperature of Water. j
SE ere len] Pe es| ee
alicetare| Garten | el ataee| Gastien,| OP servations. | cottage|Garden.| "am
eee ee Soe eee ——| > | nn
1842. 1848. 1843.
Oct, 12) D |] ceceee | ceeeee 51.3 | Feb. 18 4 || 43-2 | 46-0 | 32:4 | Aug. 13 18 } vrrres | cr 62-6
14D |) ccvees |, ceases 50:3 27 4 || 42-9 | 45-8 | 36-1 HE Ff ||p sacee9 seers | 66:8
DD 2 eretes |) vase 52.2 | March 4 4 || 42-7 | 45-8 | 37-1 Afi yds |\emnmsi ae 70-2
17. QD || cvseee | ceeeee 49-6 11 4 || 42-7 | 45-7 | 39-9 18 7 Wl cesses | weenee 70-6
Fee Dll wenctan heticcsc 47.8 18 4 || 42:8 | 45-9 | 44-2 19 7 || 49-5 | 49-5 | 723
20 2) || cseess |i ceneee 40-1 27 4 || 42-9 | 45-8 | 37-8 99 50-1 | 49-6 | -s---«
D4 D |) serves | concer 41-5 | April 1 4 | 43-1 45-8 | 48-5 Bp eo [cocoa |) Seo 61-6
25 2 alae ||| fansite 37:8 8 4 || 43-5 | 46-1 | 45-3 Sept. 2 8 | 50-3 49-6 | wseaee
yp 230| daeeno ||! coogi 37-7 15 4 || 43-7 | 46:0 | 49-7 6 |] cores | ceseee 65:5
DY fh ||l cocsea || Beco 40:0 92 4 || 44-0 | 46-2 | 51-3 7 || wsseee | aceaee 66-1
BX) BIN ocdesn. |Il Scades 40-7 29 4 || 44-1 | 46-1 | 47-8 7 | seseas. || ween 66:8
Bits all aaGcoein| uoeceed 43-6 | May 6 4 || 44-5 | 46-2 | 52-2 11 4 || 50-6 | 49-7 | 65-6
Noy. LD |] ceeeee | ceneee 47-0 13. 4 || 45-0 | 46-7 | 54-7 12) 7 |) cesses | peeenes 65-6
Omi alieenetes 43'Ge ees 20 6 | 45-2 | 46-8 | 52-4 18 22 || 50-6 | 49-5 | +--+
3 4 || 49-5 | 48-8 | 45-9 29 4 | 45-7 | 47-1 | 50-4 90 7 |i cere AO) eeeee 61-9
5 41] 49.3 | 48-9 | 41-5 | June 3 4 |) 45-9 | 47-7 47-6 DU" PAN eslecteog |i Mentsias 63:
7 All cesses 49-2 | 42-0 10 4 || 46-4 | 48-6 | 53-3 23 4 || 50-6 | 49-6 “
12 4 || 48-7 | 48-3 | 42-0 17. 7 | 46-6 | 49-5 | 65-4 D5 |] ceceee | eeeece 57-4
19 5 || 47-9 | 48-1 | 39-0 24 9 || 46-8 | 49-7 | 66-6 30 50-7 | 49-5 | 54-890)
28 41) 47-2 | 48-0 | 41-0*| July 9 || 47-4 | 50-0 | «++ Oct. 7 4 | 50-7 | 49-5 | 55-69
Dec. 19 4 || 46-9 | 48-3 | 40-9 Ce yal || tpcecolsl popocod 58-0 11 22 |] sree | creeee 42
1843. SAG il| Wreatetanta || stein lts 59-8 16 50-6 | 49-5 a
Jan 2 4/]| 46-1 | 48-0 | ----- 4 || 47-7 | 50-2 | «e+ 21 6 | 50-5 | 49-3 .
Re SP) eesoddll| aeceea 35:1 hike SEW Secbeo |W cacces 67-1 28 4 || 49-6 | 49-2 “
11 45-4 | 47-2 | 32-6 15 4 48-5 50-5 | 66-7 | Nov. 4 4f/ 48:8 | 48-9
16 45-1 | 46-9 | 32-2 22 6 || 48-6 | 50-1 | ----- Dec. 2 4 || 46-7 | 48-5 | -
D4 Bf} eevee | ceeeee 41-3 29 4 || 48-8 | 50-0 | 60-8 4 | 46-7 | 48-6 D
98 41 44-6 | 47-2 | 44.8 | Aug. 4 18 |[ -s*--- || ----- 58-2 16 4 || 46-7 | 48-7 | -«
Feb. 4 4 || 44.3 | 46-7 | 32:3 5 4 || 49-4 | 49-9 | ---- 23 4 || 46-7 | 48-7 :
11 4 || 44-1 | 46-4 | 35-8 12 5 || 49-4 | 49-8 | 65-0 30 4 | 46.7 | 48-6 .

* Tweed in flood. + The thermometer used before this was broken.

ABSTRACTS OF THE RESULTS

MAGNETICAL OBSERVATIONS,

GENERAL SIR T. M. BRISBANE, Barr.,

MAKERSTOUN.

1843.

woonNanrhwne

%

220 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

In order to ayoid repetition, it may be remarked generally,—
First, That the results for the month of January are more imperfect than those for the succeeding months,
as on the first week of 1843 only four daily observations were made, and on the second week only eight. Attempts

have been made to render the means comparable and as complete as possible, by means of observations made at all

the 24 hours in 1844: these will be found explained after the various Tables.

Second, In obtaining the hourly means for the month of January the first week’s observations-were wholly
rejected.

Third, It is obvious that the daily means from the nine observations, whatever attempts at correction may
have been made, are imperfect, and that the results deduced from these means cannot be expected to be so distinct
as they would have been from twelve two-hourly observations.

Fourth, As no observations were made on Sundays, the places which the means for Sundays would have
occupied have been filled up by the means of the three preceding and three succeeding days; these means are
therefore weekly means, and may be considered as approximate means for the Sundays. They have been used in
the summations having reference to the moon’s position, as it was considered that the want of any means on these
days would affect the accuracy of the results more seriously than the use of the approximations.

Fifth, The time used in all the Tables is Gottingen mean time astronomical reckoning ; but in the Remarks
on the Tables, Makerstoun mean time civil reckoning is used, unless the reverse is stated ; thus 20" in the Tables
is equivalent to 7" 10™ a.m. in the Remarks.

TABLE I.—Mean Westerly Declination for each Civil Day, as deduced from the Nine Daily
Observations, for each Week, and for each Month in the year 1843.

| 25° fi 25° 25°
25-15 . . . 22.71 | [23-93]
25-32 . . 23-28 | 23-76
25-22 . . . [22-41] | 25-04
24.28 . 96 : 20-03 | 24-01
[24-80] . . ‘ : 23-20 | 24-20
21-34 : : 5 : 99:12 | 22-71
26-41 . 5 . : 20:80 | 22.97
26-25 : : : . 21-42 | [23-20]
26-58 . . 22-71 | 23-04
26-35 : . . ‘ [21-92] | 23-27
25-11 . . . . 93-45 | 23-02
[25-52] : : : 22.63 | 23-03
24-06 . . . . 20-54 | 24-09
26-28 . . . . : : 20-39 | 23-73
24-72 . ; 20-30 | [23-17]
24-66 . : : 20-41 | 22-66
25-70 : ; [20-65] | 22-96
24-92 ; . ; : 20-33 | 22-56
[25-17] . . ; : 19-33
24.47 . : : 21-62
25-25 : 21-84
26-01 . ; : [21-62]
25-71 é 2. 29.32
28-69 ; . . ; : 29.93
[26-08] : : ; 96 : : 20-14
25:70 5 . ; : ; 21-36
95-75 5 . . . , . 21-28
[20-67]
21-95
20-35

26-00 25-41 I z . : : 22-53

January. | February.| March. : ig 3 September.| October. | November. December.}

MAGNETIC DECLINATION. 221

The quantities in brackets are the means of the three preceding and of the three succeeding numbers ; they
are, therefore, the weekly means, and they may be considered as the approximate westerly declinations on the
Sundays, whose place they occupy, and on which no observations were made. '

The means for the first week in January are means of the four daily observations in that week corrected by
— 0°84. The means in the second week are the means of the eight daily observations in that week corrected by
—0'14, These corrections were obtained by comparing the observations at the four and eight corresponding hours
in 1844 with the observations at the nine hours corresponding to the observing hours in 1843.

ANNUAL PERIOD OF DECLINATION.

Differences of the mean westerly declination, deduced from the observations made in 1844 at the hours 18,
20, . . . 10, from that deduced from the 24 hourly observations made on each day (excepting Sundays) in
that year.

24 Observations minus 9 Observations :—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
—0'33 —0'47 —0'75 -—0-49 -—0'85 —0'58 -—0'56 -—0°68 -0'°75 —0°76 —0'73 —035

The variation of these differences is not sufficiently great to affect the character of the annual period, as de-
duced from the monthly means at the foot of the previous Table. When these quantities are subtracted from the
monthly means of the nine observations in 1843 we obtain the following :—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
25/67 2499 24/26 23/95 23/27 25/22 23/63 22°35 20-92 21-77 18°88 19'.24

From these we see that the westerly declination diminishes very regularly till May, increases considerably
from May to June, diminishes again regularly to November, with the exception of an increase in October, which,
however, is nearly made up for by the more rapid diminution in November ; in December there is a slight increase.

It will be found, Table IIT., that the retrogressive or secular change of westerly declination has a value of
about 6’ in one year ; if we add proportional parts of this to the different monthly means, the annual period will
be more distinct. The monthly means will then be, when the secular change is thus eliminated :—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
25-67, 25-44, 25-26, 25-45, 25-27, 27-72, 26-63, 25-85, 24-92, 26-27, 23-88, 24.74.

These means are still affected by the varying torsion force of the suspension-thread,—the error due to this
cause cannot be eliminated ; it is probably greatest in the mean for June, in which month the suspension-thread
broke. An examination of the variations of the plane of detorsion in several of the other months (see the notes to
the Daily Observations of Magnetometers) will shew that the error from this cause is generally small ; keeping this
in view, if a curve be run freely through the projected means for the 12 months, there seems to be a minimum of
westerly declination about March, and a maximum perhaps in July or August. Having an eye to the result for
1844, and also to the result for the horizontal and vertical components of intensity, I am inclined to believe that
the annual period of magnetic declination will be found to consist of a minimum at the vernal and a maximum
at the autumnal equinox.

The means for the four seasons are—

,

Spring. Feb., March, and April, mean. : c 6 : ‘ 25:38
Summer. May, June, and July, mean - : ; : 3 2654
Autumn. Aug., Sept., and Oct., mean é ; 5 a : - 25°68

Winter. Jan., Nov., and Dec., mean 5 A é - - 3 24:76

These means indicate the maximum in Summer and the minimum in Winter; but there is little doubt that
the mean for June is too high, and those for September, November, and December, too low.

After correcting the monthly means of the nine observations to the monthly means of twenty-four observations,
the mean westerly declination for the year 1848 is found to be 25° 22’85.

MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. 38K

bo
bo
bo

TABLE II.—Mean Variations of Westerly Declination, after Eliminating the Secular Change, with

ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

Reference to the Moon’s Age, Declination, and Distance from the Earth, for 1843.

Moon’s
Age.

Variations
of West
Declina-

tion.

Moon’s
Age,

Variations
of West
Declina-

tion.

After | Variations

After | Variations

Moon | of West
farthest] Declina-
North. tion.

Before | Variations| Before
and of West

after | Declina-
Perigee,) tion.

Variations
of West
Declina-

tion.

0-88
0-93
0-54
0-18
0-19
0-08
0-03
0-01
0-40
0-24
0-42
1-23
0-89
0-67
0:80

~]
5
3)

S

0-72
0-00
1-02
0-40
0-23
0-62
0-35
0:40
0-60
0-64
0-66
0-85
0-82
0-75
0-60

0-19
0-30
0-00
0-43
0-71
0-96
0-88
0-71
0-71
0-14
0:32
0-96
0-92
1-04
0-73

OONIANRWNRE OF

NMMABRWNHEDeEnwNwhagAyY
NTOURWNEPeENWHRADAT

The above Table was formed from the daily means in Table I. in the following manner :—The mean westerly
declination on the 12 days, between January 15. 1843 and January 4. 1844, on which the moon’s age was 15 days,
were summed together, similarly for 16 days old, 17 days old, . . . the means of these sums were then taken, and
the differences from the lowest mean are given in the above Table. In these summations the approximate means
for Sundays were used, as it was conceived that the want of any means on these days would affect the results more
seriously than the use of the approximations. As in some lunations the 29th day was awanting, the mean of the
declinations on the 28 day and the day of new moon was summed instead.

For the variations of westerly declination with reference to the moon’s meridian altitude, the day on which
the moon was farthest north was numbered 0, and the days after this were numbered up to 26 or 27, the day before
the moon again attained its greatest north declination ; if there were only 26 days the mean of the declinations on
the 26th and Oth day was substituted for the mean on the 27th day ; the mean westerly declination was then ob-
tained for all the days of the same number from January 13. 1848 till January 3. 1844, each mean being the
mean of the westerly declinations on 13 days; the differences from the lowest were then taken, and are inserted above.

For the variation of westerly declination with respect to the moon’s distance from the earth, it will be seen in
the foregoing Table that the days before and after apogee and perigee are numbered from 1 up to 7; in some
instances there are only 5 days before apogee and 5 days after perigee, or before perigee and after apogee ; in these
cases, for example, the 5th day before apogee has been numbered also as the 6th and 7th after perigee, and the
5th after perigee as the 6th and 7th before apogee ; when there are 11 days between apogee and perigee, or perigee
and apogee, the 6th is counted as the 6th and 7th before and after; when there are 12 days between, the 6th
before apogee is counted as the 7th after perigee, and vice versa; when there are 18 days, the 7th day is counted
as the 7th before and after, and when there are 15 or 16 days, the mean of the declinations for the 7th and 8th
days is used as the mean for the 7th. The mean westerly declinations for the days with similar numbers, between
January 12, 1843 and January 5. 1844, were then obtained as in the previous cases, and the differences from the
lowest mean are given in Table II. ; each number is the mean of 13. It would have simplified the summations,
and this statement of them, to have rejected the means on the 8th, 7th, and 6th days (of themselves they would
have been useless), but it seemed better to combine them with other means nearly similarly related to the distance
of the moon than to throw them away.

After the summations for each of the above cases had been performed, and the means obtained, the secular
change was eliminated at the rate of 00165 per diem. q

The above statement will apply to the similar summations for the horizontal and vertical components of mag-
netic force.

eo

MAGNETIC DECLINATION. 22

VARIATIONS OF WESTERLY DECLINATION WITH REFERENCE TO THE RELATIVE Positions OF THE
Suny, Moon, AND EARTH, AS INDICATED BY THE Moon’s AGE.

A glance at the numbers in the first portion, Table II., shews, with some irregularities, which may be ex-
pected where the effects of irregular causes have not been eliminated, the same result as is deduced from the means
for the following groups, namely, that there is a@ maximum of wester ly declination when the Sun and Moon are in
opposition, and a minimum when they are in conjunction.

Means of Groups.

19 days to 26 oa 8 days including the Third Quarter, mean é d 3 : 0°56
i saedct) 8 Ms Bio bee ate caaee the New Moon, __...... : é F 4 0°23

Cee Li) hacen eee =< ... the First Quarter, ...... u A ; ; 0-67
OMe. oy LO oa eehed wee Rar «...eee- the Full Moon, i : i “ : 0:94

The westerly declination also has its mean value at the quadratures.

VARIATIONS OF WESTERLY DECLINATION WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s DECLINATION.

The second portion of Table II. gives the following :—
Means of Groups.

’

4 days to 10 days, 7 days, including the Moon’s passage of the Equator southwards, mean 0°78

17 Se08e0 greatest south declination, ==—......... 1:00
LGR aaee roe Oocidbbsbavebbosheancubeocasa passage of the Equator northwards, ...... 0°33
PB) suelo G7 ebrra noontsoseecon Spoassaaconsaceesoct . greatest north declination, = —........ 1:07

From these, and from the partial means, it appears that a maximum of westerly declination occurs both when
the moon has its greatest north and greatest south declination, the maxima being nearly equal, and that minima
occur about the time at which the moon crosses the equator, the principal minimum occurring when the moon is

moving northwards.

VARIATIONS OF WESTERLY DECLINATION WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s DISTANCE FROM
THE HARTH.
The third portion of Table II. gives the following :-—
Means of Groups.

,

Perigee, 3 days before it and 3 days after it, mean : 5 4 0:50
8 days about the mean distance, the Moon moving from the Earth, mean. : 0-69
Apogee, 3 days before it and 3 days after it, mean : 5 2 0:20
8 days about the mean distance, the Moon approaching the Earth, mean : “ 0:72

! As the periods of Apogee and Perigee in 1843 are nearly the same as of the moon’s passage of the equator,
the results for the mean distance will be similar to those for the greatest north and south declination. It will
require two or three year’s results to determine to which period the changes are referable. As it is my belief that
the apparent variations of the magnetical elements with the moon’s diceance are really due to variations of declina-
tion, I have not in this, or in succeeding cases, pointed out the conclusions to which the means lead.

224 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

TABLE IIl.—Mean Westerly Declination at the Observation Hours for each Month in 1843.

Month.

1843.

January
February
March
April
May

June
July
August
September
October
November
December

Mean : : : 26-10

The above Table is intended chiefly as a key for comparing the tabular observations.

The mean at 18" in January is rendered comparable with the means at the other hours thus: the daily means
from January 9 to 14, being the means of 8 daily observations, were corrected by — 0':14, obtained, as for Table I.,
in order to reduce them to the mean of 9 daily observations, then

’

Mean Westerly Declination, January 9—31, is 5 ; 2 5 = 25:83
eee cee cee eee wee eee see cee eee cee January 16—31, 4 | 96:25
Difference, ? i R : : : Sn

The mean for 18", deduced from the observations January 16—31, was therefore corrected by —0-’42, in
order to reduce it to the mean from January 9—31 as for the other hours.

SECULAR CHANGE.
By comparing the means at 20", 23", 2", and 5", the observation hours in 1842 (Table I., p. 136, 1842),
9h 4 Qh h4@h
with the means at 20%, oe 2 and — for 1843, we obtain the following results for the yearly retro-

gression of westerly declination :—

204 23h 2b 5h
1842, 26°61 29°80 33°80 30°40
1843, 20:89 24:22 28°23 24.80
Difference, 5:72 5:58 5:57 5:60

IGCHTE, SER RAe eRe Ors

MAGNETIC DECLINATION. 225

TABLE IV.—Diurnal Variation of Westerly Declination for each Month in 1843.

Period.

January
February
March
April
May
June
July

August
September
October
November
December

Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
The Year

Table IV. has been obtained from Table III. in subtracting the lowest mean in each month from all the other
means. Spring in the above Table consists of the months of February, March, and April.

DIURNAL VARIATION OF DECLINATION.

The least westerly declination occurs in the first three and last four months of the year, at or after 9? 10™ p.m.
Makerstoun mean time; in the remaining five months at 7" 10™ a.m. Mak. The greatest westerly declination
occurs in each month at 12 10™ p.m., but in the winter months the maximum probably occurs before this time.
The westerly declination increases with more rapidity to the maximum at 1> 10™ p.m. than it diminishes after it,
and in nine months the rapidity of diminution is less after 5" 10™ p.m. than before it. In the winter months, the
westerly declination does not begin to increase rapidly till 9" 10™ a.m., whereas in summer, it does so at 7° 10™ a.m.
While this fact seems to shew some relation to sunrise, there is no corresponding one to sunset, but rather the
reverse ; for in winter the westerly declination diminishes with nearly equal rapidity from the maximum at
1* 10™ p.m. till 9 10™ p.m., whereas in summer, on the whole, the rate of diminution seems to receive a check
about 5" 10™ p.m.

The minimum of westerly declination occurs in spring, autumn, and winter at or after 92 10™ p.m.; in
spring and autumn a secondary minimum also occurs about 6° 10™ a.m. In summer the principal minimum
oceursat 7210™ a.m. The principal maximum occurs about 0% 40™ p.m. in winter, and about 1" 10™ p.m. in summer.

In the mean for the year

The maximum of westerly declination occurs about 1" 0O™ p.m. Makerstoun mean time.
THOTHIDIMUHY Scelasee.ccejcasiascesecceveccceans iter 9. lO Pic Aepansnodsdce con onc
A minimum ---+. wee cen cee ceeceecsc cee ceeces ADOUtL 7 0 A.M. creer cee ceeceecee

The exact periods of the principal minimum, and of the secondary maximum, cannot be determined from these
observations ; they are found, however, from the Term-day Observations in the years 1842 and 1843. The fol-
lowing Table contains the results of the summations of the observations at 0™ on 11 Term-days of 1842 (January
Term-day being rejected), and on 11 Term-days of 1843 (June Term-day being rejected).

MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. oL

226 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

TABLE V.—Diurnal Variation of Westerly Declination deduced from the Observations at 0™ on -
11 Term-days in 1842, and also on 11 Term-days in 1843.

1842, | 1843. | Mean.

Both years give nearly the same result; the observations at 10" and 11> Gott. M.T. are affected by dis-
turbances in 1842. The mean shews :—

The maximum of westerly declination, about 05 40™ p.m. Makerstoun mean time.

The minimum -eer-eeeerrereceeercecserenesccrecceces [BY UOp wns Kesease aay tetas eae exer
A secondary maximum -:::: te HU OMSK Hl fies: sesiakeinsatt suaxeatachen
A secondary minimum: :++++++0+ssseeeeeeeeee dices 7h 10™ am,

RANGES OF THE MonTHLY MEANS OF THE DIURNAL VARIATION.

The ranges given in the last column of Table IV. are probably very near the truth, for though the mini-
mum takes place after 10" Gott. M.T., the diminution after that time must be small. The range increases
considerably from January to April, and diminishes as much from September to December, but there is little
difference in the ranges of the six months from April to September. The range of the means for the summer
quarter is twice as great as the range of the means for the winter quarter, the former being 10-34, and the

latter 509.

Macnetic DECLINATION. 227

TABLE VI.—Diurnal Range of Magnetic Declination for each Civil Day, as deduced from the Nine
Daily Observations, with the Mean for each Week and for each Month in 1843.

January. | February.| March. il. 2 5 July. August. |September.| October. | November.| December.

3-60 : ‘ 15-41 | 17-36 | 11-00 | 14.99
5.29 : 14.88 | [13-93] | 11-95 | 21.77
4-50 . : 17-63 | 15-03 | 12.62 | [14-75]
[12-75] | 8-97 | 19-10 | 13.28
7-75 7-84 7.16 | 11-89
8-80 7-63 | [13-30] | 13-29
12-05 8-17 9-46 9-64
7-73 | 10-56 | 13-47 | 11-02
9:04 | [9-81] | 18-02 | 16-44
16-20 | 14-32 | 10-01 | [12-13]
10-25 | 12:96 | 13-17
7-92 | 15-51 8-75
12.35 | [11-61] | 13-74
13-03 | 10.34
10-98 9-01
7-19 8-07
10:56 | [13-06]
8-27 | 21-83
11-77. | 15-92
[10-83] | 13-18
10-28 | 17-99
14.27 | 12-86
9:85 | 11-03
8-77 | [12-72]
10-76 9-89
11-83 | 15-57
[11-09] | 8.98
10:17 | 11-04
12-87 9-30
12-12 7-07

11-78 12-67

Mon tury MBANS OF THE DIURNAL RANGES.

The means of the diurnal ranges for January, November, and December, do not differ much from each
other, but they differ considerably from the means for the remaining nine months, which differ little from each
other. The means for the four seasons are :—

Winter; January, November, and December, mean of diurnal ranges, . = 638
Spring; February, March, and April, .............ccsceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeees . =10°86
Summer; May, June, and July, .................405 Bo ti EUR ey, Ae > Si
Autumn; August, September, and October,.......... roonbanrmoopatiacns | 137
Phe Vear yas acteskiaseckasy seleenee Subde COnCeaEF aca REScuneeencocedardordsoccrons . =10:10

The quantities in Table VI. shew that the monthly means are much affected by irregular disturbing
causes, and that if some of the larger diurnal ranges were removed, the monthly means would differ little from
the ranges of the monthly means of the diurnal variations. It is obvious that the means of the diurnal ranges
only differ from the diurnal ranges of the means in that the minimum or maximum of certain days does not oc-

228 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

eur at the same hour as the minimum or maximum of the monthly mean; as these departures from the mean
ave probably due to irregular disturbing causes, the following differences may be taken as some measure of
these disturbances in the different months of the year :—

Monthly Means of Diurnal Ranges minus the Ranges of the Monthly Means of the Diurnal Variation :—

Jan. Feb. Mar. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Noy. Dec.
0-74 «41°74 «2°19 1°86 1°07 0°99 2°35 «0°95 «=1792 175 1"22 1-90

The difference is a minimum in January, it increases to a maximum in March, diminishes to a minimum
in June; and, if we except the sudden increase in July, it again becomes a maximum in September. The means
of the differences for the four seasons are :—

Winter; January, November, December, mean . : g ns A 1:29
Spring; February, March, April, —........ 4 : 3 5 3 1:93
Summer; May, June, July, vaste. E : 3 4 4 1:47
Autumn; August, September, October, ...... : 5 5 5 5 ; 1:54

From this we are perhaps entitled to conclude, that a certain class of disturbances have ther greatest
effect at the equinoxes, and their least effect at the solstices.
Those disturbances which increase the diurnal range of the mean are evidently not included in this result.

TABLE VII.—Means of the Diurnal Ranges of Magnetic Declination with reference to the Moon’s
Age and Declination for 1843.

After Moon After Moon
Moon’s Age. | Mean Range.| Moon’s Age. | Mean Range. farthest |Mean Range.| farthest | Mean Range.
North.

Day.
15
16
17

D

On WH MN pPwWNK OE
OCHTWAMNRwWNR OE;

This Table has been formed from Table VI. in the manner already described, Table I.

HorizontTAL CoMPoNnENT oF MAGNETIC FORCE. 229

VARIATIONS OF THE DIURNAL RANGES OF MAGNETIC DECLINATION WITH REFERENCE TO THE
RELATIVE POSITIONS OF THE SUN, Moon, AND EARTH, AS INDICATED BY THE Moon’s AGE.

The partial means are very irregular, their general aspect when projected is that of a maximum near the
time of new moon, and a minimum near the time of full moon; in groups, the results are as follow :—

19 days to 26 ae 8 days including the Third Quarter, mean 3 z : 9-70
By ME esa 3. UCR ooosapeneer eee New Moon, _...... 4 : . 10-41
Aree ay 11 First Quarter, ...... 3 ‘ . 11:01

Full Moon, Baotee 5 z - 10:04

From these means the maximum would appear to occur in the First Quarter, and the minimum in the
Third Quarter.

VARIATIONS OF THE DIURNAL RANGE OF THE MAGNETIC DECLINATION WITH REFERENCE TO THE
Moon’s DECLINATION.

In the partial means there is an appearance of a secondary maximum at the moon’s greatest south
declination, but this disappears in the following means :—

4 days to 10 days, including the moon’s passage of the Equator southwards, mean 10°11

eS fest 3s 1 i ARR sa nee ete oe re .... greatest south declination, = ...... 9-64
I SeReR ey. t passage of the Equator northwards, ...... 10:05
DOM eas eas Clb) onsae Rem aecden gy ele/siasiehfo isola) ... greatest northdeclination, = ...... 11:27

Or, the diurnal range of the magnetic declination is a maximum when the moon has its greatest north
declination, and it is a minimum at the time of the moon’s greatest south declination,

HorizZONTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE.

TABLE VIII.—Mean Values of the Variations of the Horizontal Component of Magnetic Force, the
whole Horizontal Component being Unity, for each Civil Day, as deduced from the Nine Daily
Observations, for each Week, and for each Month, in the Year 1843.

= | January. | February.| March. April. May. June. July. August. |September.| October. | November.| December]
0-00 0-00 0-00 0:00 . 000 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0:00 0°00
1 [eee ] 1645 1808 1804 2068 2722 2288 2766 3093 [2982] 3572 3695
2 1353 1780 1952 [1540] 2033 3097 [2722] 2537 3200 2617 3851 3695
3 1531 1761 1973 1533 2418 2569 2765 3476 [2904] 2862 3204 [3911]
1589 2386 1991 1420 2455 [2791] 2508 3025 2590 3342 3919 4059
5 1649 [1928] [1670] 1613 2323 2566 2499 2638 2449 2863 [3487] 3969

1766 2003 1736 0848 1807 2722 2443 [2745] 2949 2728 3600 3926
1955 1820 1114 1097 [1995] 3067 2814 2870 2638 2899 3294 4318
8 [1853] 1815 1255 1729 1037 2265 2360 2478 2759 [2923] 3056 3688
9 2148 1379 1636 [1320] 1664 2432 [2557] 1984 2752 2833 | «-.-- 4670
[0 1863 1718 1603 1185 2685 3352 2675 2679 [2794] 2977 | wwe [4122]
1 1741 1574 1708 1276 2197 [2622] 2630 2626 2771 3241 3201 4059
2 1695 [1570] | [1456] 1784 2087 2679 2425 2754 2958 3321 [3307 3943
(3 1809 1778 1079 1620 2225 2293 2775 [2644] 2886 3353 3408 4055
4 1695 1247 1220 1594 [2364] 2711 2667 2470 3342 3337 3340 4113
1é [1894] 1726 1493 1365 2900 2511 2944 2524 3289 [3291] 3343 4265
16 2358 1907 1029 [1693] 2270 2415 [2762] 2812 3398 3655 3410 4420
17 1951 1941 1254 1871 2504 2598 2701 2944 [3249] 2747 4005 [4326]
18 1855 1835 1667 1919 2519 [2735] 2652 2827 3613 3335 3816 4238

| MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. 3M

230 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.
TABLE VIII.—Continued.

January. | February.| March. April. 0 : . |September.| October. | November,
0-00 0:00 0-00 0-00 + E 0-00 0-00 0-00
1638 [1817] | [1509] 1790 2731 3678 [3972]
1760 1716 1440 1850 3119 2885 4236
1926 1739 1564 1838 2818 3505 4218
{1703] 1764 2099 : 3141 [3370] 4144
1321 1906 1760 55 5 3287 3482 3807
1940 1467 1278 [2961] 3218 4531
1637 1577 1732 2993 3451 4459
1524 [1744] | [1655] 2619 2866 [4213]
2033 1856 1576 2908 3093 4478
1434 1855 1825 2672 3458 3992
[1635] 1760 3093 [3232] 4013
1609 1160 2 3308 2875 4076
1566 1708 } 3526

1744 1571 : 2976 3160 3790 | 4207

Table VIII. was formed in the following manner :—the means of the bifilar magnetometer scale readings,
corrected for temperature, for each civil day, were first obtained, and these means were reduced to parts of the
horizontal component by the following formule :—

Jan. 1—April 26. f = (n — 530) .0-0001021 + 0-001000
April 29—May 6. / = (n — 488) 00000986 + 0-001000
May 8—Nov. 8. f= (n — 485) 0-0000986 + 0:001000
Nov. 11—Dec. 31. f= (n — 485) 00001064 + 0-001000—0-000008

where f is the quantity in the previous Table, n the mean scale reading corrected for temperature.

The Bifilar magnetometer was twice adjusted in 1843 (see Introduction, No. 38). As the means for the
three days immediately preceding the adjustment on April 27—28 were nearly equal to each other, and the means
for the three days succeeding the adjustment were also nearly equal to each other, it was assumed that the
mean force, n, for the three days succeeding the adjustment was equal to that, n’‘, for the three days preceding
it. 530 having been taken as a convenient zero for the means before the adjustments, < the zero for the means
after the adjustment was obtained from the formula

-
x
"
(n—530) 0:0001021 = (n/ —z2) 0:0000986 Ld
whence z = 488.
On May 6 the torsion cirele was turned, and was not returned to its previous position, producing a dif-
ference of about three scale divisions, the zero after May 6 is therefore 489. a
On the adjustment, Nov. 9-10, the same process was adopted as for that of April 27-28, which gave the
zero nearly as before, 484-93 ; 0:001000 has been added to each mean in order to render them all positive.
The means of the four daily observations in the first week of January were corrected by —0:000025, and
the means of the eight daily observations in the second week by +0:000016, corrections to the mean of nine
observations obtained by comparisons of the observations in 1844.
The factors used for the above and following Tables in converting the scale divisions into parts of the whole
horizontal component, are those given in the Postscript to the Introduction,

ANNUAL PERIOD OF THE HorIZONTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE.

Differences of the monthly means deduced from the observations in 1844, at the nine hours of 18, 20,
10, from those deduced from the 24 hourly observations made on each day, excepting Sundays, in
that year.

HORIZONTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE. 231

24 observations minus 9 observations.

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
0-0000 | —36 -61 —69 +24 — 24 +13 +29 — 34 +68 +46 — 06 — 28

These quantities being applied as corrections to the monthly means, foot of Table VIII., we obtain the
following :—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
0:00 | 1708 1697 1502 1686 2404 2769 2682 2753 3044 3206 3784 4179

From these it appears that the horizontal component diminishes from J anuary to March, increases from
March to June, diminishes again slightly from June to between July and August, and then increases again
till December ; the whole range being 0-002677, and the increase of force from January to December being
0-002471. The annual period can only be rendered distinct when this secular change is eliminated. It has
been found by a comparison of the monthly means of 1843 with those of 1842 and of 1844, that the mean
annual change during the 12 months of 18438 is 0002826. When proportional parts of this are subtracted
from the means after January, we have—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
0:00| 1708 1462 1031 0980 1462 1592 1269 1105 1160 1087 1429 1589

We have here a well marked annual period, consisting of maxima near the solstices, and minima near the
equinoxes. The maximum is rather greater in the winter than in summer, but the difference is less than the
effect of half a degree Fahrenheit on the bifilar magnet.

The range of the annual period is 0-000728, or about half the mean diurnal range for the year.

It may be desirable to examine the annual period for the year 1842 in a similar manner, If we reduce
the monthly means of four observations, Table IX., Abstracts for 1841-2, to parts of force by the formula

f = (n — 530) 0:0001021 + 0-003000

where » is the mean in scale divisions in the Table referred to, we obtain the following values of f, which may
be rendered comparable with the means, Table VIII., by subtracting 0-002000. The second line below con-
tains the corrections for each month of the 4 observations to the 24 as deduced from the observations for 1844.
and the third line contains the corrected means,

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
0-00 0960 0994 1188 0840 1646 1803 1743 1836 2016 2488 2772 3270
0-00 | —0057 —0045 —0003 +0294 +0245 +0309 +0352 +0390 +0318 +0187 +0068 —0020
0-00 0903 0949 1185 1134 1891 2112 2095 2226 2334 2675 2840 3250

If the secular change be assumed the same for 1842 as for 18438, and if this be eliminated, we have—
Jan. Feb. March. April, May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
0-000 | 903 714 714 428 949 935 682 578 450 556 485 660

These means shew the same law as the means for 1843, with more irregularity, it is true, but this may
be accounted for by the fewness of the observations, and the possible inaccuracy of the corrections.

232 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OpsERVATIONS, 1843.

TABLE IX.—Mean Variations of the Horizontal Component of Magnetic Force, after eliminating
the Secular Change, with reference to the Moon’s Age, Declination, and Distance from the
Earth, for 1843.

Variations Variations || After | Variations | After | Variations |} Before | Variations | Before | Variations
Moon’s| of Hori- | Moon’s| of Hori- Moon of Hori- Moon of Hori- and of Hori- and of Hori-
zontal Age. zontal farthest zontal farthest zontal after zontal after zontal
Component. Component. || North. | Component.} North. | Component. || Perigee.| Component. | Apogee.| Component.

0-000 Day. 0:000 Day. 0-000 Day. 0-000 Day. 0-000 Day. 0-000

000 0 288 0 263 14 224 7 328 7 145

199 1 213 1 211 15 182 6 256 6 061

117 2 322 2 292 16 103 5 249 5 232

245 3 260 3 246 17 119 4 000 4 173

169 BS 288 4 013 18 204 3 091 3 225

246 5 311 5 000 19 234 2 239 2 191

299 6 242 6 034 20 274 1 192 1 242 '
300 7 115 uf 126 21 138 P 197 A 144 ;
196 8 178 8 243 22 228 1 242 1 320 ),
328 9 083 9 188 23 191 2 251 2 256 R
251 10 038 10 089 24 182 3 219 3 253 >
313 11 090 11 329 25 224 4 263 4 238 “
350 12 125 12 223 26 151 5 311 5 250 ;
359 13 043 13 247 27 223 6 338 6 364

229 14 173 if 222 7 342 ¥

Table IX. was formed from Table VIII. in the manner indicated for the magnetic declination, Table II.

VARIATIONS OF THE HorizoNTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE, WITH REFERENCE TO THE
RELATIVE POSITIONS OF THE SuN, Moon, AND EARTH, AS INDICATED BY THE Moon’s AGE.

The partial means in the first portion of Table IX. shew distinctly what is more distinctly evident in the
following means, namely, the maximum about the period of new moon, and the minimum at the period of full
moon :—

Means of Groups.
14 days to 16 days, Full Moon, 0:000124 29 days to 1 day, New Moon, 0:000243
Ip bested 20h. 0:000194 Drache yee 0-000295
Dil pasiga® Bie) Gos 0:000278 (HY Bacau By nae 0:000154
OA on en 28h. 0-000318 Oe eels LS. 0:000074

It should be remarked that there is a secondary minimum shewn in these means at the time of new moon;
this would not have been seen so distinctly, or at all, had larger groups been taken. As this minimum is
also shewn, and nearly to the same extent in the mean for 1844,* it may be allowable to conclude, that the
principal minimum of the horizontal component occurs at the period of full moon ; a secondary, and not very de-
cided minimum, at the period of new moon ; and maxima, nearly equal, immediately before and after the period
of new moon,

* Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Vol. XVI., Plate IV.

HorizontTAL CoMponENT OF MAGNETIC FoRcE. 233

VARIATIONS OF THE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE, WITH REFERENCE TO THE
Moon’s DECLINATION.

Means of Groups.

me gee to 1 day, Moon farthest North, 0-000232 13 days to 15 pe Moon farthest South, 0:000218

Sd 0-000138 GT. eee 19 , 0:000165
noses (nae 0:000134 2D. aeoan 22s 8 0:000213
D) aeheee hee. 0:000207 PB Ene peer Sri 0:000187

From these means we may conclude that there are maaima when the moon has its greatest north and south
declination, and minima when its declination is zero ; the principal minimum occurs when the moon is on the
equator moving southwards.

VARIATIONS OF THE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE, WITH REFERENCE T0 THE
Moon’s DISTANCE FROM THE EARTH.

Means of Groups.

6 days after Apogee to 6 days before Perigee, 0:000322 | 6 days after Perigee to 6 days before Apogee, 0:000191
5 days to 2 days before Perigee, . . . 0:000145 | 5 days to 2 days before Apogee, . . . 0:000205
1 day before to 1 day after Perigee, . . 0:000210 | 1 day before to 1 day after Apogee, . . 0:000235
2 days to 5 days after Perigee, . . . 0:000261 | 2 days to 5 days after Apogee, . . . 0:000240

TABLE X.—Means of the Bifilar Maonetometer Readings Corrected for Temperature, at the
Observation Hours for each Month in 1843.

Month. 18, 20%, 22h, 23h, 0b, 2h, 4h, 6b. 8h. 102.
Se. Diy. Sc. Div. Se. Div Sc. Diy. Se. Div. Se. Div. Sc. Div. Se. Div. Se. Div. Se. Diy.
January 538-10 | 537-95 | 533-71 534-11 | 538-80 | 540-62 | 538-19 | 537-11 | 537-41
February 535-84 | 539-04 | 533-72 i 534-93 | 538-23 | 540-14 | 537-43 | 538-34 | 537-39
March > || 534-90) 534-22 | 528-48 528-07 | 535-96 | 540-36 | 540-54 | 538-30 | 537-34
April 534-53 | 533-37 | 524-37 525-56 | 536-19 | 543-66 | 548-25 | 542-26 | 536-90
May 496-79 | 492-82 | 486-56 489-30 | 501-94 | 506-84 | 512-85 | 512.56 | 501-77
June 500-47 | 495-70 | 488-00 491-42 | 502-11 | 508-64 | 512-19 | 515-87 | 510-96
July 497-55 | 495-32 | 486-07 488-08 | 499-48 | 512-98 | 515-88 | 513-74 | 506-85
August 498-64 | 494.37 | 487-41 491-91 | 505-11 | 512-13 | 514-71 | 512-69 | 511-20
September 505-50 | 500-25 | 491-77 496-61 | 505-57 | 512-57 | 509-50 | 510-72 | 509-48
October 508-03 | 504-51 | 495-66 497-44 | 508-25 | 512-18 | 512-64 | 512-31 | 511-17
510-60 | 509-00 | 503-19 | 501-43 | 503-77 | 512-41 | 515-16 | 516-06 | 513-70 | 509-29
Novenber| J $$$) J J | | |
513-69 | 513-08 | 508-73 | 508-45 | 510-06 | 513-66 | 514-04 | 514-41 | 512-09 | 512-10
December 518-08 | 518-14 | 514-01 | 513-52 | 513-64 | 514-38 | 516-53 | 514-82 | 514-48 | 512-97

Table X. is intended chiefly as a key’for comparing the tabular observations. The cross lines indicate
breaks in the series from new adjustments, which will be found alluded to after Table VIII.

MAG, AND MET. oss, 1843. 3.N

234 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

The mean at 18 in January is rendered comparable with the means at the other hours thus; the daily
means from January 9-14, being the means of 8 daily observations, were corrected by + 0°15 sc. div., obtained
as for Table VIII., in order to reduce them to the mean of 9 daily observations, then,—

Se. Div.

Mean of Bifilar readings, January 9-31, = 537-36
Be andocecRenate c.¢ fesetoeteiereers nd OO ls eee OO ees
Difference, = 0:22

The mean for 18" deduced from the observations January 16-31, was thuxefore corrected by + 0-22, in
order to reduce it to the mean from January 9 to 31, as for the other hours.

TABLE XI.—Diurnal Variations of the Horizontal Component of Magnetic Force in 1843, the whole
Horizontal Component being Unity.

Periods.

Months.
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

Quarters.
Spring
Summer
Autumn

Winter
Half-Years.
Winter

Summer
The Year

SECULAR CHANGE OF THE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE.

The mean change of the horizontal component from 1842 to 1843 has been determined in the following
manner.

By the means for the year 1844, it has been found that the mean of the observations at 22 and 04, is
greater than the mean at 234 by 0:000162, and that the mean of the observations at 4" and 6" is greater than
the mean at 5" by 0:000027, whence from the last line of Table XI.,—

Mean of 22 and 0h = +0°000092, corrected to mean for 23" = —0:000070
Mean of 44 and 6 = +0:001573, corrected to mean for 55 = +0:001546

HorizontaL Component OF MAGNeEtIc Force. 235

The last line of Table XI. also gives the mean of the horizontal component for the year greater than the
mean at 22% by 0:000960, and, from Table VIII., the mean*of the horizontal component for the year 1843
=0-002624, whence—

Mean at 20" less than the mean for the year by 0:000286, or = 0:002338

Micambstnd. 3! irae ee reete tere ee ca 0:001030, or = 0:001594
WMearyate2" creator / pends heedeswcacsisserlss 0:000056, or = 0:002680
IM Meariee ty Oe tis ah me Rare eae tt Se satarclatafard varc{c is ele/s'eie's «ale 0:000586, or = 0:0038210

From Table IX., Abstracts for the Observations of 1842, we obtain the following means in scale divisions :—
1842. 20 = 514-56, 23 = 510-09, 2 = 521-82, 5% = 526°37.

Converting these means into parts of force by the first formula given after Table VIII., we obtain the
following results :—

20. 23h 2h. 5h,
1842. —0:000576, —0-001033, +0:000165, +0-000629
1843. + 0:002338, +0-001594, +0°002680, +0-003210

Secular Change. +40:002914, +0:002627, +0°002515, +0:002581
Mean Secular Change, 1842 to 1843, = +0-002658

DIURNAL VARIATION OF THE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FoRCE.

The means of the nine observations in Table XI. indicate two maxima and two minima in the months of
January, February, November, and December ; only one maximum and one minimum is visible in the means for
the remaining months. The means for the four seasons are types of the months which compose them.

The principal minimum occurs in each month, and in the mean for the year about 9" a.m.

The principal maximum occurs at 3" 10™ p.m. in winter, about 4 10™ p.m. in spring and autumn, at 6”
10™ p.m. in summer, and at 5" 10™ p.m. in the mean for the year.

A secondary maximum occurs in winter about 6" a.m.

The principal maximum in December occurs at 6" 10™ 4.M., in all the other months the principal maximum
occurs in the afternoon.

Tn order to determine the periods of the secondary maximum and minimum, the observations made at 0™
on the Term-days of 1842 and 1843 have been made use of. The observations in 1842 were corrected by the
temperature coefficient obtained by the method of deflections, those of which the means are given in the following
Table were farther corrected by the coefficient — 0-46 Sc. div., the difference between the temperature coefficient
obtained from deflections and that deduced from comparisons of the daily observations. The means in the
following Table are then deduced from the observations at 0" in 1842 thus corrected, and the observations at
0™ in 1848, as corrected in this volume. The winter solstice includes the months of November, December,
January, and February, 1842 and 1843; the equinoxes, March, April, September, and October, 1842 and
1843 ; and the summer solstice, May, June, July, and August, 1842 and 18438.

TABLE XII.—Diurnal Variation of the Horizontal Component of Magnetic Force deduced from the
Observations at 0™ on the Term-days of 1842 and 1843, the whole Horizontal Component being

Unity.
Winter : Summer Winter . Summer
Solstice. | Solstice. 1842. 1843, Mean. Hour. Solstice, Equinoxes. Solstice. 1842. 1843.
!
0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 \ Rae 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00

1547 1852 1045 1449 22 0169 0224 0005 0156 0080
1729 1417 1198 1308 23 0042 0000 0000 0000 0000
1814 1328 1320 1324 0 0000 0361 0337 0342 0095
1649 1010 1051 1031 1 0250 0861 0686 0656 0514
1425 1224 0989 1107 2 0531 1357 1420 1335 0842
1174 1022 ‘1058 1040 3 0731 1845 1520 1532 1170
1242 0607 1075 0841 4 0755 1957 1881 1663 1370
1190 0972 1035 1004 5 0757 1942 1996 1656 1446
0784 0987 0986 0987 6 0724 1899 2197 1832 1352
0482 0984 0887 0936 7 0522 1681 2466 1714 1370
0324 0646 0772 0709 8 0636 1376 2224 1416 1380
0234 0526 0520 0523 9 0556 1404 2140 1356 1349

236 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1845.

Besides the occurrence of some considerable disturbances, the number of observations seems too few to
exhibit the secondary maximum and minimum well. The results for the principal maximum and minimum are
the same as those deduced from Table XI. It may perhaps be added, as true for both, that the principal mini-
mum oceurs nearer noon in winter and summer than at the equinoxes. :

The secondary minimum occurs near midnight in the mean for the months about the winter solstice; per-
haps about the same time in the mean for the months about the equinoxes, but this part of the diurnal curve
is very irregular from disturbances ; the secondary minimum cannot be said to be at all visible in the mean for
the months about the summer solstice, and it is very imperfectly shewn in the means for the year.

The secondary maximum occurs about 6 A.M. in the winter solstitial and equinoctial months, and perhaps
earlier in the means for the year.

;
I
4
®

RANGES OF THE MonTHLY MEANS OF THE DIURNAL VARIATIONS OF THE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT
OF MAGNETIC FORCE.

The quantities given in the last column of Table XI. are rather less than the true ranges, the minimum
oceurring near 23", The least diurnal range is that for December, and the greatest that for July. The range
is nearly constant for the winter months, and also for the summer months, the most rapid increase occurring
at the equinoxes; the following means will exhibit the rate of increase :—

Jan. & Dec. Feb, & Nov. March & Oct. April & Sept. May & Aug. June & July.
Ranges, 0:000627 0:000727 0001473 0:002244 0:002641 0002842
Difierences, 0:000100 0-000746 0:000771 0:000397 0°000201

The range of the monthly means is more than four times as great for the summer as for the winter months.

TABLE XIII.—Diurnal Ranges of the Horizontal Component of Magnetic Force for each Civil Day, i
as deduced from the 9 Daily Observations in 1843, with the Weekly and Monthly Means. i

Civil

Day January. | February.| March. April. May. June. duly. August. |September.| October. | November.| December,

oo 0-0 0-0 oo 0-0 ovo 0-0 0-0 oO

1 || [----] | 0067 | 0046 | 0214 | 0231 | 0322 | 0385 | 0266 | 0328 | [0220] | 0194
2 | 0067 | 0043 | 0109 | [0389] | 0249 | o308 | [0344] | 0230 | 0375 | 0206 | 0192
3 | 0127 | 0092 | oo91 | 0190 | 0213 | 0207 | 0378 | 0461 | [0294] | 0175 | 0237
4 | oos9 | 0070 | 0113 | 0215 | o198 | [0271] | 0395 | 0696 | 0278 | 0204 | 0169
5 || o111 | [0104] | [0172] | 1265 | 0302 | 0285 | 0251 | 0319 | 0278 | 0261 | [0162]
6 | 0173 | 0162 | 0174 | 0515 | 0939 | 0229 | 0224 | [0425] | 0281 | 0212 | 0097
é

8

9

10

0-0

0029 | 0172 | 0346 | 0207 | [0447] | 0272 | 0289 | 0287 | 0217 | 0240 | 0155
[0138] | ooss | 0199 | 0391 | 0476 | 0278 | 0412 | 0255 | 0265 | [0226] | 0124
0227 | ooss | o1s9 | [0331] | 0288 | 0224 | [0330] | 0528 | 0405 | 0239 | «.....
0104 | 0092 | 0139 | 0197 | 0482 | o302 | 0442 | 0427 | [0252] | O182 | «+...
11 01s7 | 0142 | o169 | 0289 | 0275 | [0295] | 0281 | 0311 | 0213°| 0222 | 0102
12 || 0079 | [0132] | [0166] | 0388 | 0256 | 0417 | 0337 | 0294 | 0231 | 0189 | [0142]
13 oo62 | 0182 | 0242 | 0292 | 0170 | 0361 | 0330 | [0289] | 0182 | 0149 | 0213
14 || 0120 | 0144 | 0124 | 0340 | [0281] | 0188 | 0290 | 0285 | 0144 | 0277 | 0153
15 || [0097] | 0146 | 0136 | 0362 | 0366 | 0307 | 0231 | 0222 | 0132 | [0274] | 0103
16 || 0099 | 0149 | 0219 | [0317] | 0333 | 0285 | [0275] | 0196 | 0152 | 0567 | 0114
17 || 0140 | 0090 | 0182 | 0332 | 0287 | 0321 | 0259 | 0239 | [0200] | 0196 | 0109
is || 0078 | 0139 | 0335 | 0355 | 0274 | [0303] | 0281 | 0213 | 0183 | 0267 | 0119
19 || oo98 | [0117] | [0217] | 0223 | 0202 | 0348 | 0256 | 0251 | 0370 |- 0182 | [0101]
20 || 0083 | 0115 | 0143 | 0193 | 0280 | 0294 | 0212 | [0282] | 0220 | 0242 | 0099

is)
2
=

January. | February.

0075 | 0101
[0089] | 0110
0094 | 0083
oos9 | 0210
0096 | 0164
0075 | [0119]
0094 | 0092
0160 | 0119
[0100]

0115

0086

01061 | 01191

HorizontaL Component oF Magnetic Force.

March.

0119
[0161]
0146
0151
0215
0240
0206

01774

April May. June. July. August.
0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0
0166 [0251] 0263 0229 0206
0144 0220 0187 0173 0346
[0193] 0236 0297 [0561] 0439
0165 0298 0227 0703 0371
0235 0224 [0278] 1627 0341
0257 0438 0340 0421 0241
eseeee 0357 0331 0278 [0297]
sesees [0312] 0285 0231 0213
0230 0339 0308 0372 0371
{0231} 0252 0349 [0277] 0246

0266 0285 0221
03116 | 03130 | 02899 | 03683 | 03139

TABLE XIII.—Continued.

September.

00
0191
0246
0362
[0245]
0188
0235
0249
0334
0261
0139

02484

237

October. | November.| December.
00 0-0 0-0
0130 0124 0089
[0186] 0042 0039
0165 0107 0066
0183 0150 [0094]
0211 0128 0104
0202 [0107] 0074
0188 0064 0192
0209 0099 0187
(0214] 0096 0095
0163 0077 0128
0330 [0135]
02227 01278 01223

From the means at the foot of Table XIII. it will be seen that the least mean is that for January, and the

greatest that for July; the same results may be deduced from these quantities as from the ranges of the monthly
means, thus—

Jan. & Dee. Feb. & Nov. March & Oct. April & Sept. May & Aug. June & July,
Ranges, 0°001141 0:001234 0-002000 0:002802 0:0038134 0:003291
Differences, 0:000093 0:000766 0:000802 0:000332 0:000155

The mean of the diurnal ranges is about three times as great for the summer months as for the winter

months.
If we take the differences of the monthly means of the diurnal ranges, and of the diurnal ranges of the

monthly means, we shall have some measure of those irregularities which cause the two to differ,
From the means for each couple of months we have the following differences :—
Monthly means of the diurnal ranges, minus the diurnal ranges of the monthly means.
Jan. & Dec. Feb. & Nov. March & Oct. April & Sept. May & Aug. June & July.
0:000514 0:000507 0:000527 0:000558 0:000493 0-:000449
The difference is greater at the solstices than in the winter or summer, and is least in summer,

TABLE XIV.—Diurnal Ranges of the Horizontal Component of Magnetic Force, with reference to
the Moon’s Age and Declination for 1848.

After
Moon
farthest

After
Moon
farthest

Mean
Diurnal
Range.

Mean
Diurnal
Range.

Mean
Diurnal

Mean
Diurnal

Range.

0-00
2525
2232
2445.
2183
2082
1941
2093
1865
2024
1630
1996
2131
2596
3254
2310

Range.

North.

CHONAMNKR WMH OF

0-00
2217
1792
2015
2198
2237
2037
3207
3227
2756
2337
2303
2405
2430
2422
2321

5

OCONTNMHUbkwwoKeco

Day.

“

0-00
2931
2672
3249
3050
2981
2248
2370
2332
2211
2185
1942
2116
2593
2438

Table XIV. was formed from Table XIII. in the manner indicated for the declination Table [I.

MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843.

30

238 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

DIURNAL RANGES OF THE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE, WITH REFERENCE TO THE
RELATIVE POSITIONS OF THE SUN, Moon, AND EARTH, AS INDICATED BY THE Moon’s AGE. . 4

The general aspect of the partial means, if we reject those for the 28th, 6th, and ‘7th days, which are
much affected by disturbances, is that of a minimum near the time of new moon, and a macimum near the time
of full moon.

Means of Groups.

14 days to 16 ei Full Moon, 0:002359 ae days to 1 day, New Moon, 0:002106

U0 Socons 20 ees O:OO2Z163; 9S 2! Speaee De: 0-002122
PA oncne PRS ccd 0:001903 : pe tante @) soc 0:002882
Pye aaeptio ht. chcoe 0-002494 LOW Seas 130s. 0-002390 p

DIURNAL RANGES OF THE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE, WITH REFERENCE TO THE
Moon’s DECLINATION.

Means of Groups.
x days to 1 bo Moon farthest North, 0:002680 | 13 days to 15 ue Moon farthest South, 0-002278

so. Bae 0:002882 | 16 ...... 19 0:002002 ;
: sone Geis. 0:002304 | 20 ...... Aas 0:002124 PF,
$) once Meise 0:002209 | 28 ...... 20) 2. 0-002025

These and the partial means indicate maxima about the periods of greatest north and south declinations, and
minima when the declination is zero; the maximum at the period of greatest south declination is not well
marked,

VERTICAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE.

TABLE XV.—Mean Values of the Variations of the Vertical Component of Magnetic Force (the
whole Vertical Component being Unity), for each Civil Day as deduced from the Nine Daily
Observations, for each Week, and for each Month in the year 1843.

January. | February.| March. April. May. June. July. . |s | October. |November.| Decembel
O01 O-01 0-01 0-01 0-01 0-01 o-0L ; 0-01
1 [eceeee J 6830 6621 6034 5974 5952 5837 [5251]
2 7042 6896 6635 (6159) 5971 5905 [5953] 5134
3 6997 6853 6606 6032 5939 5937 5879 ‘ 5203
4 7078 6772 6538 6077 5951 [5919] 6013 5182
5 7020 [6834] 6686 | 6680 5996 5904 5902 5037
6 6988 6869 6553 6282 5702 5886 5886 4980
7 6933 6821 7120 6224 (5965) 5931 6005 4931
8 (6991] 6792 6664 6310 6102 5935 5982 [5160]
9 6881 6809 6715 [6258] 5969 6024 [5964] ‘ 5341
10 6984 6820 6606 6113 6073 5989 5985 5 5327
ll 7140 6652 6513 6218 6034 [6042] 5934 552 5341
12 7012 [6744] | [6569] 6400 6107 6114 5992 5334
13 6997 6696 6587 6152 6054 6133 5862 é 5519
14 7041 6737 6507 6101 {6063 | 6058 5823 5548
15 [6988] 6746 6484 6247 6034 6034 5820 [5536]
16 6927 6758 6452 [6160] 6089 6033 [5828] 5054
17 6983 6747 6502 6097 6062 6196 5856 [5385] 5750

18 || 6969 6667 6524 6197 5962 [6027] 5829 5262 5511
19 || 6890 [6701] | [6421] 6172 6013 6072 5778 5344 5199

TABLE XV.—Continued.

VERTICAL COMPONENT OF Macnetic Force.

239

| October, |November.| December.
0-01 0-01 O-OL

5417 5254 5169
5415 5258 5173

[5356] 5188 5169
5300 5279 5147
5344 5292 [5163]
5460 5337 5087
5649 [5287] 5159
5596 5243 5247
5469 5301 5314

[5557] 5269 5184
5626 5282 5207
5532 [5206]
5373 5332 5207

Table XV. was formed in the following manner ; the means of the balance micrometer readings, corrected
for temperature, were first obtained for each civil day, and these means were reduced to parts of the vertical
component by the following formule :—

January 1—August 22. f= m x 0:000009
August 25—August 31. = (m — 160) 0-000009
September 6—November 11. f = (m — 222) 0:000009

November 14—December 31. f = (a — 260) 0:000009

Where f is the quantity in the previous Table and n the mean micrometer reading corrected for tempera-
ture.

The balance needle was removed three times in 1848 for the purpose of determining its temperature correc-
tion, namely, on August 23 and 24, on September 1, 2, 3,4, and 5, and on November 13. These removals neces-
sarily broke the series of observations, but it is conceived that the different portions after August have been
reduced to nearly the values which they would have had, had there been no removal, by the following methods :—

1st, To connect the observations after November 13, with those immediately before it,—

Mean of the micrometer readings, week, Oct. 16— 21. = 830-3

ono COS EO TER DUSGEDE PER Eede ¢ Bee Mee ee ase Ear Oct, 23— 28. = 829°8

“ot oocosigob oasbOhoSEEBpnACE odge:cAcaRpoRCAREEEMEnS Oct. 830—Nov. 4. = 829-7 A _f— 06
a ee, Nowe a ui = nat Ce sic { =a
-oedongoobitHanboacanoeebecessoncketed period, Oct. 16—Nov. 11. = 826-1, before adjustment, ‘

The mean corresponding to October 30 is, therefore, 826-1, and the mean change for 14 days being — 7-8,
the mean corresponding to November 13 will be 818°3.

Mean of micrometer readings, week, Nov. 14— 18. = 858:3
aogbAncegooaonseaeady pace eceeceBeoeneodaeae JeKays C= 25, = 8456°3
iit oo ok aE ipa oe ea Nov.27—Dec. 2. = 8488 ae (ueata
i ; Thee ADS Toni ves 3873} EOIN CUS { — 8:0
setteeecesceseereeseesene period, Nov. 14d—Dec, 9. = 847-4, after adjustment.

The mean corresponding to November 27 is, therefore, 847:4, and the mean change for 14 days being
— 8°7, the mean corresponding to November 13 will be 85671, This gives nearly 38-0 micrometer divisions
more than the previous result ; 38-0 was therefore subtracted from all the daily means in micrometer divisions
after November 13, 1843.

240 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

It will be obvious from a consideration of the above weekly means, that this correction cannot: be far from
the truth; indeed, the mean of the micrometer readings for November 10 and 11 is 819-6, and for November
14 and 15 is 860-1, which, supposing the change for two days small, will give nearly the same difference.

2d, To connect the observations after September 6, with those before August 22

This has been a matter of greater difficulty than in the previous case, both on account of the greater in-
terval elapsed, and also on account of considerable changes occurring in the daily means before August 23 ;
for this reason, the weekly changes could not be compared with any confidence, and the following method was
adopted :—

Mean of balance magnetometer readings corrected, January 1842—August 1842, = 9203
Pamicaae coseantsiecemd dese sence emetehetcmetertenis wea. January 1843—August 1843, = 693°0
Annual change corresponding to the beginning of May 1842-43, : : 0 = 227°3
Mean of the balance magnetometer readings corrected, September 1843—April 1844, = 7830
Basdorcdosgagcoue soveaseeacsuateccvesestecvanesssressseeeves HEptember 1844—April 1845, = 5850
Annual change corresponding to the beginning of January 1844-1845, 3 : =) 198-0
Hence, mean annual change corresponding to the beginning of March 1843-1844, = 213°0
Mean of balance magnetometer readings corrected September 1842—August 1843, — 736-0
corresponding to the beginning of March 1843, 5 5 0 Pa
Therefore the mean in the beginning of March 1844 should be. = 523:0
But the mean, September 1843 to August 1844, eae to the n mean in the
eginning of March 1844, was 5 2 .
Whence the micrometer readings after September 1843 are more than those before :
g 222:0
September 1843, by

After the corrections in the first ease had been made, all the means after September 5, 1843 were cor-
rected by — 222-0 micrometer divisions, which, it is believed, is not farfrom the truth. The correction for the
six daily means, August 25-31, was obtained by interpolating between the means of the preceding and succeed-
ing weeks for the mean of the six days, the correction applied was —160 micrometer divisions.

As it has been found from the observations in 1844, that, in the month of January, the mean of the 4 daily
observations corresponding to those made in the first week of January 1643, and of the 8 corresponding to those
made in the second week, differ little from the mean of the whole 24, no correction has been applied to the
means of the 4 or 8 daily observations.

ANNUAL PERIOD OF THE VERTICAL COMPONENT OF THE MAGNETIC FORCE.
Differences of the monthly means deduced from the observations in 1844, at the hours 18,20, . . . 10,
from those deduced from the 24 hourly observations made on each day (excepting Sundays) in that year :—

* . 4 =
24 observations minus 9 observations.

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June, July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
—0-0000 | 16 16 82 70 59 12 22 66 66 74 55 14

These quantities being applied as corrections to the monthly means at the foot of Table XV., we obtain
the following :—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June, July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
0-01 | 6924 6742 6375 6083 5909 5984 58538 5691 5339 5299 5277 5193

From these it appears that the vertical component diminishes considerably from January till May, increases
from May till June, diminishes slowly from June till August, more rapidly till September, and slowly from Sep-

VERTICAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC Forcr. 241

tember till December. The diminution from January till December is 0:001731; if we refer to the previous
attempt to connect the different series of observations, we find the mean annual diminution from the beginning
of March 1848 till the beginning of March 1844 =213 micrometer divisions ; this, together with the rate of
this change, will give 210 micrometer divisions (= 0-001890) for the diminution from January 1848 to January
1844. If proportional parts of this be applied to the monthly means above, the secular change will be elimi-
nated, and the annual period rendered more distinct. The corrected means are as follow :—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
0:01 | 6924 6899 6690 6555 6539 6771 6798 6793 6599 6716 6852 6925

This indicates a maximum at mid-winter and at mid-summer, a minimum about April and a minimum in
September. It seems, therefore, very probable that the same law holds for the vertical component as has al-
ready been shewn to exist for the horizontal component, namely, mawima at the solstices, and minima at the

uinones.
: From the above the minima at the equinoxes seem to differ little, but the maximum at the winter solstice
is considerably greater than that at the summer solstice.

The range of the annual period is 0-000386.

TABLE XVI.—Mean Variations of the Vertical Component of Magnetic Force, after eliminating the
Secular Change, with reference to the Moon’s Age, Declination, and Distance from the Earth,
for 1848.

Variations Variations} After | Variations} After |Variations|/ Before | Variations} Before | Variations

Moon’s} of Ver- | Moon | of Verti- of Verti- of Verti- and | of Verti-
Age. | tical Com- . farthest | cal Com- cal Com- cal Com- | after | cal Com-
ponent. . | North. | ponent. . | ponent. ponent, | Apogee. ponent.

0-000
118
108

0-000 f 0-000
136 077
094. 063
151
096
091
060
062
069
067
047
040
031
055

0-000
078
054
067
067
041
043
053
055
000
046
064
114
114
129
110

0-000 : | D
055
056
081
057
048
077
076
058

Fy
0
Ss

SI

OnNDIAMPwWNHRr Os

NOUR WHORE DEN wWhaADAT
NOuRWNE PEN WRADN

Table XVI. was formed from Table XV. in the manner already indicated, Table II. for the declination.

VARIATIONS OF THE VERTICAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE WITH REFERENCE TO THE RELATIVE
PosiTIoNns oF THE Sun, Moon, AND EARTH, AS INDICATED BY THE Moon’s AGE.

The means shew, with considerable irregularities, mavima near the quadratures, and minima near the
syzigies. The principal minimum occurs at the period of full moon, the following means of groups give the
same result :—

14 days to 16 days, Full Moon, 0-000041 29 days to 1 day, New Moon, 0:000031
Ue eee 20 oer. 0-000066 Ddeiractts GyeOn 0:000046
’ 25 ee 24... 0-000067 Glee eect anes 0:000079
DOr. sear PAY ce 0:000083 LOR ese Ie essa 0:00003 -

MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. 3P

242 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 18438.

VARIATIONS OF THE VERTICAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE, WITH REFERENCE TO THE
Moon’s DECLINATION.

The second portion of Table XVI., in groups, gives the following means :—
af days to : aay, Moon farthest North, 0:000107 13 et to 15 Haka Moon farthest South, 0:000077

Berane 0:000099 16. 19 0:000027
: dsocbe 3 ne 0:000066 20e eice 22 ee 0:000016
d) cote UP Bo 0:000043 DB i insets PRN ae 0:000034

These means indicate a well marked minimum at the passage of the equator northwards ; a well marked
maximum at the period of greatest north declination; a diminution of the component from thence till after the
passage of the equator southwards ; and a secondary maximum at the greatest south declination. Though the
latter is not well shewn in these groups, the means on the whole shew, maxima of the vertical component at the
periods of greatest north and south declination, and minima when the declination is zero.

VARIATIONS OF THE VERTICAL CoMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE, WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s
DISTANCE FROM THE EARTH.

Means of Groups.

6 days after Apogee to 6 days before Perigee, 0:000116 | 6 days after Perigee to 6 days before Apogee, 0:000060

5 days to 2 days before Perigee, . . 0:000110 | 5 days to 2 days before Apogee, - « 0:000054
1 day before to 1 day after Perigee, . 0:000084 | 1 day before to 1 day after Apogee, . 0°000036
2 days to 5 days after Perigee, . . 0°000098 | 2 days to 5 days after Apogee, - . 0:000084

TABLE XVII.—Means of the Balance Magnetometer Readings corrected for Temperature at the
Observation Hours for each Month in 1848.

Month. . 20%, 2h, 0h, 2h, 4b, 6h, 8h, | 10%,

Mic. Div. Mie. Div. Mic. Div. Mic. Div. Mie. Diy. Mic. Div. Mic. Diy. Mic. Div. Mic. Div.
January 756-0 762-6 . 768-3 769-2 767-7 774-4 777-0
February 740-0 745-5 ; 744-2 745-4 753-2 761-9 763-9
March 707-5 713-8 “g 708-6 707-1 715-8 730-0 735-5
April 662-2 668-9 ; 669-7 670-4 688-3 721-6 709-2
May 659-8 667-0 . 650-5 649-4 665-2 674:7 679-6
June 662-2 671-4 : 655-6 651-4 664-6 677-3 675-8
July 638-9 647-6 “ 643-7 648-6 659-4 664-5 667-8
628-2 638-5 624-8 634-5 643-6 656-4 653-3

euEuE {| 2 803-4 790-2 | 790-5 | 799-7 | 807-6 | 806-0

September 805-9 823-5 . 817-8 824-4 831-5 836-0 824.7
October 801-1 812-0 21- 819-4 | 821-5 830-9 829-9 821-3

f 804-2 808-4 ‘ : 821-2 827-0 829.5 821-3 818-9
November ; :

841-1 843-1 , : 841-3 849-3 856-9 856-0 859-3
December 824-2 826-1 D : 833.4 839-9 848-1 849-1 853-4

Table XVII. is intended chiefly as a key for comparing the tabular observations. The cross lines in the
Table indicate that a break has occurred in the series; the means so separated are not comparable with each

other. The periods at which the needle was removed have been already mentioned.—See remarks to Table
XV,

VERTICAL CoMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FoRCE. 243

The mean at 18 in January is rendered comparable with the means at the other hours, thus :—

Mic. Div.

Mean of balance magnetometer readings, January 9—31. = 768°8
shack ghueslSbaadHe ease mic re Raa EREn a CRP tas January 16—81. = 7645
Difference, 3 4 ‘ A =n 4:3,

The mean for 185 deduced from the observations January 16 to 31 was therefore corrected by + 4:3
micrometer divisions, in order to reduce it to the mean from January 9 to 31, as for the other hours.

TABLE XVIII.—Diurnal Variations of the Vertical Component of Magnetic Force in 18438, the whole
Vertical Component being Unity.

8h, 104,

i 0-00 A i 0-00 0-00
January 0059 0189 | 0168
February 0049 | 0215 | 0155
March 0060 0256 | 0134
April 0060 0423 | 0213
May 0158 0272 | 0072
June 0180 0220 | 0162
July ( 0078 0260 | 0133
August 0122 0230 | 0103
September 0158 3 0169 | 0045
October 0098 0182 | 0116
November ~ 0026 0151 | 0126
December 0017 0263 | 0168

Spring 0055 0297 | 0166
Summer 0110 0222 | 0093
Autumn 0116 0184 | 0078
Winter 0034 0201 | 0154
Winter Solstice 0038 0204 | 0154
Equinoxes 0093 0257 | 0126
Summer Solstice 0111 0222 | 0095
The Year 0070 0217 | 0114

DIURNAL VARIATION OF THE VERTICAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE.

An examination of the monthly means will shew, that they may be arranged into three very distinct groups,
namely, the months January, February, November, and December, about the winter solstice; the months
March, April, September, and October, about the equinoxes ; and the months May, June, July, and August,
about the summer solstice. A consideration of the monthly means, however, will shew, that the diurnal curves
pass gradually from the type of the one group to that of the next following.

Tn the means of the months about the winter solstice there is but one maximum and one minimum dis-
tinctly shewn ; the diurnal curve is single.

The minimum occurs before 5" 10™ a.m., Makerstoun mean time.
The maximum occurs between 6% and 7" p.M., .....-..2.seeeeees

There is a slight inflexion in the curve about 11 a.m., tending to a minimum; this minimum is more or less
shewn in the separate monthly means, but never very distinctly excepting in February.
In the mean of the months, about the equinoxes, there are two maxima and two minima shewn ; the diurnal
curve is double :—
The minimum oceurs between 9" p.m, and 5" a.m., Makerstoun mean time.
The maximum occurs at 52 10™ p.m.,
A secondary maximum occurs about 9? 10™ a.m.,
A secondary minimum ............ 115 407 a.m.,

244. ABSTRACTS OF MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

Each of the four months gives nearly the same result. In the means of the months about the summer
solstice, there are two maxima and two minima, the diurnal curve is also double :—

The minimum (as far as it can be deduced from the 9 observations), occurs at Noon, Makerstoun mean time.
The maximum occurs about 6" 10™ p.m., sve:aaelossiers enacted

A minimum occurs between 9" p.m. and bh AM.,
A secondary maximum occurs about 8" a.m., ste tee tee nee eee aee ene

Whether the principal maximum occurs near noon or near midnight cannot be determined from the obser-
vations, but an examination of the monthly means will shew that the noon minimum becomes more marked from
January till June, and then becomes less so till December.

The result for the whole year is exactly that for the equinoctial months.

As the above results agree on the whole with those for the year 1844,* it may be permissable to con-
clude, that,—

1st, The diurnal curve is single in winter, unequally double at the equinoxes, and nearly equally double
at midsummer.

2d, The minimum near noon oceurs at the same hour in the equinoctial and summer months ; the morning
maximum occurs nearer noon in the equinoctial than in the summer months ; the principal or evening maximum
occurs nearly at the same hour in the winter and summer months, and farther from noon than in the equinoctial
months.

In order to determine the period of the principal minimum, the observations made at 0™ on the term-days
of 1842 and 1843 have been used. The observations in 1842 were corrected by various temperature coeffi-
cients, depending on the method of deflections, the means in the following table were obtained after farther cor-
rections had been applied for the differences of the first coefficients from that obtained by comparisons of the
daily observations, The means in the following table are deduced from the term observations at 0™ in 1842
thus corrected, and, from the term observations in 18438, as corrected in this volume. The winter solstice includes
the months of November, December, January, and February, 1842 and 1843; the equinoxes, the months of
March, April, September, and October, 1842 and 1843; and the summer solstice, the months of May, June,
July, and August, 1842 and 1843.

TABLE XIX.—Diurnal Variations of the Vertical Component of Magnetic Force, deduced from the
Observations at 0™ on the Term-Days of 1842 and 1843, the whole Vertical Component being

Unity.

Winter Equinoxes. Summer 1842. 5 é . || Winter Bquinoxes. Summer | jg49. | 1943,
Solstice. Solstice,

Solstice. Solstice.

0-00 0:00 0-00 0-00 : . 0-00 0-00 0-00
0250 0572 0299 0492 0141 0589 0351
0190 0532 0256 | 0410 B 0151 0590 0298
0080 0420 0153 0292 0184 0552 0241
0000 0083 0029 | 0000 0220 0517 0233
0051 0000 0000 0008 0229 0510 0288
0078 0064 0036 | 0144 0225 0556 0359
0077 0099 0073 0186 0251 0671 0382
0063 0178 0189 | 0264 0248 0729 0401
0058 0312 0262 0345 0228 0783 0425
0083 0420 0341 0447 0227 0788 0441
0095 0530 0336 | 0483 0197 0707 0473
0129 0587 0347 0492 0194 0604 0448

COANAMTMKRWNHS

In the mean for all the periods, the principal minimum occurs at midnight, or 1" a.m. In the mean for
both years, the principal minimum occurs at 1" a.m. The principal minimum perhaps occurs nearer noon in

* Transactions of the Royal Society of Kdinburgh, Vol. XVI., p. 187.

VERTICAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC Forct. 245

winter than in summer, as there is an indication of a minimum about 5" a.m. The following are the results
from the mean of both years :—

The principal minimum at 1" 10™ a.m., Makerstoun mean time.
The principal maximum at 6" P.M., se

A secondary maximum at 95 10™ a.m.,

A secondary minimum at 11? 40™ a.m.,

The same results may be deduced from these means as have been already deduced from the means
Table XVIII.

SECULAR CHANGE OF THE VERTICAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE.

The means for the year 1844 shew that the means of the observations at 22 and 0", and at 4" and 64,
are respectively very nearly the same as the means of the observations at 23" and 5", Assuming that they
are equal for the year 1843, we shall have from the means for the year at the foot of Table XVIII. = 0:000100
and from the mean for the year deduced from the means at the the foot of Table XV. = 0:015935.

Mean at 20" less than the mean of 9 observations from Table XVIII. by 0-000040, or = 0-015895

Mean for 23" ............ tesecsensersseeees 0°0000839, or = 0-015896
AV siraigen ta Lanes 2 Oe ate a Nett eRe eR EM Eee neni Tao ASP eis east 2a daisas sone ge besigns 0:000044, or = 0:015891
PAD Oy Wye T CALC again MAMET ode Nagecs be s-EeeGscratscwacpecsscseonss 0-000078, or = 0:016013

From Table XVII., Abstracts for the observations of 1842, we have the means in micrometer divisions at
the corresponding hours in 1842, these being converted into parts of force by the first formula given in the
remarks to Table XV. we have,

1842 ; 20" = 0-017902, 23" = 0-017962, 2 = 0:017980, 5" = 0-018147.

The means above for 1843 being subtracted from these, we have—

Secular change, 20"= —0:002007, 23= —0-002066, 2= — 0-002089, 5"= —0-002134.
Mean secular change 1842 to 1848, = —0:002074.

RANGES OF THE MonTHLY MEANS OF THE DIURNAL VARIATIONS.

The ranges given in the last column of Table XVIII. must be very imperfect for some months, since the
minimum actually occurs in general a little after midnight. It is very obvious, however, that the range is
greatest at the equinoxes, and that it differs little in summer from winter, thus the diurnal range of the mean
for the winter group of months is 0:000204, for the summer group 0°000222, while for the group at the
equinoxes it is 0:000317. The corresponding groups in Table XIX. give the following ranges :—

Diurnal range; winter group = 0-000251 ; summer group = 0:000492; equinoctial group = 0:000788 ;
or nearly in the ratios of 1, 2, and 3.

TABLE XX.—Diurnal Ranges of the Vertical Component of Magnetic Force, as deduced from the
9 Daily Observations in 1848, with the Weekly and Monthly Means.

MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843.

January. | February. March, April. May. June. July. August. |September. October. |November.| December.
0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00

[see ] 0227 0130 0226 0168 0292 0492 O211 | es [0481] 0400
0959 0099 0111 [0865] 0258 0414 [0363] 0297 | verses 0421 0468
0356 0159 0135 0371 | 0314 0597 0406 0366 [etree ] 0501 [0270]
0056 0162 0474 0332 0338 0405] 0185 1536 | seeeee 0282 0184
0096 [0283] | [0810] 3738 0200 0469 0238 0288 | ses 1011 0286
0251 0802 0434 0373 2713 0264 0274 [0798] 0262 0396 0166
0267 0355 3300 1416 [0894] 0398 0300 0266 0436 0228 0247
[0360] 0123 0407 1330 0512 0421 0945 0807 0459 [0341] 1177
0610 0280 0322 [0838] 1010 0139 [0361] 1526 0542 0139 0555
0259 0165 0191 0363 0590 0254 0378 0353 [0459] 0133 [0633]
0676 0276 0163 0434 0185 [0387] 0140 0399 0418 0141 0822
[0351] | [0347] 0499 0143 0552

246
Civil |
Day. January.
} 00
13 | 0172
14 | 0127
15 || [0149]
16 | 0127
17 || 0211
18 0129
19 || 0298
20 || 0059
21 || o119
22 | [0185]
23 0157
24 0175
25 0302
26 0107
27 0159
28 1331
29 || [0400]
30 0441
31 0131
Mean 0297

ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

February.| March.
0-00 0-00
0440 0634 .
0724 0446
0224 0327
0340 0234
0297 0445
0411 0709
[0287] [0389]
0364 0218
0110 0207
0199 0517
0139 0383
1485 0197
0440 0166
[0407] | [0291]
0102 0122
0148 0103

0773
0325
0197
0337 0432

TABLE XX.—Continued.

April May. June. July. August. |September.)| October.
0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00
0738 0403 0691 0461 [0283] 0451 0402
0835 [0417] 0318 0523 0407 0324 0430
0473 0882 0210 0206 0256 0324 [0387]
[0573] 0584 0642 [0307] 0142 0309 0412
0299 0303 0211 0281 0244 [0377] 0553
0835 0400 [0302] 0229 0318 0252 0316
0259 0322 0265 0233 0275 0769 0590
0277 0285 0365 0157 [0344] 0284 0790
0287 [0328] 0212 0292 0175 0468 0210
0145 0304 0240 0305 0706 0896 [0383]
[0239] 0366 0354 [0706] | +--+ 0562 0231
0382 0294 0290 0823 | cere [0497] 0280
0169 0497 [0298] 2258 0463 0408 0200
0178 0885 0395 0399 0356 0419 1010
0381 0274 0269 0643 [0316] 0226 0679
0210 [0511] 0238 0190 0191 0861 0130
0246 0539 0235 0438 0260 0407 [0491]
[0263] 0531 0618 [0390] 0309 0414 0472

0339 0558 0344 0217
0616 0506 0357 0442 0426 0452 0400

November.

0275

December.

0-00
0445
0100
0184
0083
[0201] |
0337
0152
0347
0205
0118 —
0115
[0210]
0155
0103
0563

0328

é
i

TABLE XXI.—Diurnal Ranges of the Vertical Component of Magnetic Force, with reference to the
Moon’s Age and Declination for 1843.

Moon’s

Mean
Diurnal
Range.

0000

After
Moon
farthest

After
Moon
farthest
North.

Mean
Diurnal
Range.

Mean
Diurnal

i=}
Z

=
SCeoMNAaApwrHH of

This Table has been formed from Table XX., in the manner indicated for the declination, Table VII.

Maenetic Dip. 2AT

DivRNAL RANGES OF THE VERTICAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE, WITH REFERENCE TO THE
Moon’s AGE.
The general aspect of the partial means is exactly similar to that of the means for the horizontal com-
ponent, Table XIV., and, with similar exceptions, namely, of the means for the 28th, 6th, and 7th days, the

result is the same, or @ minimum about the time of new moon, and a maximum about the time of full moon.

Means of Groups.

14 days to 16 oes Full Moon, 0:000381 29 days to 1 = New Moon, 0-000337
Witerch ss: 20 0:000366 PLN Sones 5. 0:000356
Billa ss 24... 0-000285 OR. Oe 0-000611
7 Laat PAG) pe 0:000452 1) eee Leics. 0:000455

DIURNAL VARIATIONS OF THE VERTICAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE, WITH REFERENCE TO
THE Moon’s DECLINATION.

Means of Groups.
iA days to : ie Moon farthest North, 0000482 13 days to 15 le Moon farthest South, 0:000453

beatae 0:000537 TG ieee Lo) 0-000344
: Boe. : 133 0:000419 AVES Scien PPE hash 0:000314
L8 Sedson LOPE. 0:000346 Puerta 26a 0:000384

These means shew the same result as that already obtained for the horizontal component (Table XIV.),
namely, maxima about the periods of greatest north and south declination, and minima near the periods when
the declination is zero; the maximum at the period of greatest south declination is better marked than for the
horizontal component ; the principal minimum occurs when the moon is moving northwards.

MaAGnetic Dip.

The following results are deduced from the variations of the horizontal and vertical components by means
of the formula
ue wi (27-23
~ 0:0002909 \ Y x

"where = is the quantity in the tables for the vertical component, Be the quantity in those for the horizontal

component, 0, the magnetic dip assumed to be 71° 18’, A O the variations of dip given in the following tables,
and 0:0002909 the value of 1’ in parts of radius.

SECULAR CHANGE OF MaGnetic Dip.
From the mean secular changes for the two components of magnetic force, pages 235 and 245, we obtain

Mean Secular Change of Magnetic Dip 1842 to 1843 = — 4'-92.

ANNUAL PERIOD OF MAGNETIC Dip.

From the quantities, pages 231 and 241, exhibiting the annual periods of the two components of magnetic

248 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

force (the secular changes being eliminated), the following quantities have been obtained, which shew the varia-
tions of the magnetic dip for the different months of the year :—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June, July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
0°145 0°374 0605 07518 0°000 0°106 0°470 0°636 0°377 0578 0°360 0269

These quantities indicate mawima of magnetic dip about the periods of the equinoxes, and minima about the
periods of the solstices.

TABLE XXII.—Diurnal Variations of Magnetic Dip, deduced from Tables XI. and XVIII.

January
February
March
April

May

June
July
August
September
October
November
December

Spring

Summer
Autumn

Winter

Winter Solstice
Equinoxes
Summer Solstice

The Year

DIURNAL VARIATIONS OF MaGnetic Dip.

Spring in the foregoing table consists of the months of February, March, and April. The means for the
quarters may be taken as types of the months from which they are obtained.

In winter the diurnal curve is double; it is probably double also in spring ; these means only shew portions
of a single curve in summer and autumn.

In the mean for the year,—

The maximum of dip occurs about 9" 30™ a.m., Makerstoun mean time.
The minimum «-ossecesseeeceseeees HH OM P.M,

In the mean for winter,-—

The maximum occurs about 10" 10™ a.m., Makerstoun mean time.
The minimum occurs before 5" a.m., ste eee cere
A secondary minimum oceurs about 34 10™ p.m, ---+
A secondary maximum occurs after 9 P.M., +++ +++ eer see eee eee eee ees

Nearly the same periods occur for spring, the minimum at 3" 10™ p.m. being the principal minimum ; the
minimum occurs as late as 62 P.M. in summer,

In order, if possible, to obtain the periods of maxima or minima not shewn in the 9 daily observations,
the following table has been formed.

Ne)

MaGnetIc Drip. 24

TABLE XXIII.—Diurnal Variation of Magnetic Dip, deduced from Tables XII. and XIX.

Winter Eaui Summer | 1842 and Ott. Winter = Summer | 1842 and
Solstice. | “4% PX¢S+| Solstice. 1843. . 1. | Solstice, |Eduinoxes.| solstice, 1843.

0-499 0-808 0-735
0-514 0-574 0-877
0-484 0-379 0-955
0-125 0-421 0-733
0-354 0-624 0-450
0-207 0-922 0-238
0-264 0-890 0-240
0-324 1-065 0-235
0.054 1-563 0-248
0-000 1.959 0-457
0-182 2-118 0-307
0-360 2-224 0-389

CONDON WHOe Oo

In winter the principal minimum occurs at 6" a.m., the secondary maximum about 108 p.m. The means
are too irregular in the other periods to give the times of the secondary maximum and minimum ; in other re-
spects they agree with those in Table XXII.

RANGES OF THE MONTHLY MBANS OF THE DIURNAL VARIATIONS OF MAGNETIC Dip.

The annual variation of the diurnal ranges seems to bear a similar relation to the sun’s declination, as the
annual variation of atmospheric temperature does to it ; this will be seen distinctly if we place under the ranges
of the diurnal variation of magnetic dip the ranges computed on the assumption that one degree of the sun’s
altitude is equivalent to a diurnal range of 005 of dip.

Range. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
True O71 O-G2mmple2G 2'-12) 27-60: + 2'-79) "2-98, 2-68 211 1-70) 0-16 Oz
Computed 0°69 1°09 1°63 221 2°66. 2°87 2°78 2°40 1°86 1°28 0°80 0°57

Thus, in the first half of the year, the true range is less than the computed, but in the second it is greater.
If this similarity to the mean monthly increase of temperature should be found to hold for succeeding years, it
is probable that no other connection will be found to exist; a glance at the mean temperatures for each month
in 1843, in the succeeding abstracts, will shew that there is no distinct relation between range and temperature
for that year ; there will, however, be evidence of some cause of retardation of the solar influence which produces
the diurnal motion of the needle.

The diurnal variation of dip is about 0'-7 in winter, and four times as great in summer; the mean of all
the monthly ranges is 1/-75, the diurnal range of the mean for the year being 1’-55.

MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843.

250 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

TABLE XXIV.—Variations of Magnetic Dip, with reference to the Moon’s Age, Declination, and
Distance from the Earth, as deduced from Tables IX. and XVI.

Variations| Variations || After |Variations| After | Variations |} Before | Variations} Before | Variations

Moon’s of | Moon’s of Moon of Moon of and of and of

Magnetic Age. | Magnetic |/farthest| Magnetic |farthest| Magnetic |} after | Magnetic | after | Magnetic
Dip. | Dip. North. Dip. 5 Dip. Perigee| Dip. |Apogee| Dip.

’ i ’ 5 , Days. ce Days.
0-061 0-178 0-157

~]
5
a

CONOR WNr Ox

0-115 7 0-263
0-131 0-189 0-187 6 0-179 6 0-326
0-052 0-164 0-251 0-273 0-161
0-144 0-154 0-200 0.438 0-223
0-072 0-392 0-134 0-312 0-142
0-036 0-374 0-080 0-166 0-179
0-237 0-340 0:046 0-245 0-136
0-263 0-251 0-184 0-204 0-240
0-211 0-221 0-127 0-085 0-155 0-000
0:053 0-309 0-164 | 0-143 0-181 0-115
0-168 | 0-347 0-260 0-121 0-214 0-136
0-083 0-307 0-000 0-142 0-154 0-204
0-000 0-205 0-136 0-200 0-103 0-192
0-111 0-300 0-147 0-172 0-029 0-089
0-150 0-167 0-167 0-092

I

0-393
0-187
0-298
0:140
0-210
0-159
0-103
0-083

NOUBRWNRE DE NWR

NOUR WNeE Pewee

VARIATIONS OF MAGNETIC Dip, WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s AGE.
A glance at the quantities in the first portion of Table XXTV. will at once shew that the dip is a maximum
when the sun and moon are in opposition, and that it is a minimum when they are in conjunction. This result

is perhaps more distinct in the following

Means of Groups.

14 days to 16 = Full Moon, 0’:249 ‘ days to 1 Hays New Moon, 0114
iigeaecs: 20 O¢20 25 alae ee 2anrs 5. 0-076
PAY apenaeaet a emoe 0°112 é beara ands 0°257
2D cares 28 Ties 0-090 TOMS: UBI oa 0290

The maximum of dip occurs in these means rather before full moon, and there is an indication of a secondary
maximum at the time of new moon, the minima occurring immediately before and after ; this indication of a
secondary maximum is probably too indistinct to be trusted.

VARIATIONS OF MAGNETIC DIP, WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s DECLINATION.
Means of Groups.

27 days to 1 ee Moon farthest North, 0180 13 days to 15 ae Moon farthest South, 0164

24 EPO 5. 0271 IS Sasacas Ay 0166
HOgrpocde Bs aie ¢ 0'-239 DON aescea PVN Boe 0°105
Be Agpnocis 2: 0"140 23) siedes 26... 0°151

The result from these means does not seem very distinct; on the whole, there seems to be a maximum of
dip about the time the moon is on the equator moving southwards, and a minimum about the time it is on the
equator moving northwards.

ToraL Magnetic Force. 251

VARIATIONS OF MaGnetic DIP, WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s DISTANCE FROM THE EARTH.’
Means of Groups.

6 days after Apogee to 6 days before Perigee, 0’-119 6 days after Perigee to 6 days before Apogee, 0-197

5 days to 2 days before Perigee, . : 0'-297 5 days to 2 days before Apogee, . 0°176
1 day before to 1 day after Perigee, : 0"201 1 day before to 1 day after Apogee, : 0°125
2 days to 5 days after Perigee, ; 0°163 2 days to 5 days after Apogee, : F 0162

TOTAL MAGNETIC FORCE.

The following results are deduced from the variations of the horizontal and vertical components by means
of the formula
AU Bey, AW, = ( DONG BAX
— cos 76 )

(Rie EY he i XC

where a is the quantity in the following tables, — and * the quantities in the tables for the vertical and

horizontal components respectively, and 6 the magnetic dip = 71° 18.

SECULAR CHANGE OF THE TOTAL MAGNETIC ForRCE.

From the mean secular changes for the two components of magnetic force, pages 235 and 245, we obtain

Mean Secular Change of the Total Force, 1842 to 1848, = 0:001587.

ANNUAL PERIOD OF THE TOTAL MAGNETIC FORCE.

From the quantities, pages 231 and 241, exhibiting the annual periods of the two components of magnetic
foree (the secular change being eliminated), the following quantities have been obtained, which shew the varia-
tions of the total magnetic force for the different months of the year.

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee.
0-000 | 406 358 127 000 036 257 248 227 058 156 313 395

These quantities indicate maxima of the total force about the periods of the solstices, and minima about the
periods of the equinozes. One minimum occurs after the vernal euqinox, and the maximum at the winter solstice

is greater than that at the summer solstice.

TABLE XXV.—Diurnal Variations of the Total Force of the Earth’s Magnetism, deduced from
Tables XI. and XVIII.

Period.

January
February
March
April

May

June

July
August
September

284 | 205 081 284

252 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

TABLE XXV.—Continued.

Period. ) 18h. | 20%, | 22h, | 23h, : 2h, 4h, : : . || Range:

0.000 0-000 0-000 0-000 0-000 0000 5 0-000
October 052 167 282 282
November —011 120 175 175
December 016 — 006 086 176 196

Spring 078 | 219 378
Summer 116 | 307 446
Autumn 155 285 325
Winter 107 157 163
Winter Solstice 097 156 177
Equinoxes 115 | 260 370
Summer Solstice 135%). 35 438

The Year 106 | 234 313

DIURNAL VARIATION OF THE TOTAL MAGNETIC FORCE.

Spring, in the foregoing table, consists of the months of February, March, and April.
The diurnal curve is double in each month of the year. In the mean for the year,—

The principal maximum occurs about 6 p.m., Makerstoun mean time.
A minimum occurs about 115 10™ am, cecisecccecceceeeeees Abo
A secondary maximum occurs about 74 10™ A.M, ............005 Bac oae
A minimum occurs between 9" p.m. and 5” A.M.,......c002.ce0ecessseees

These observations do not shew the period of this minimum, nor whether it is secondary or principal.

The principal maximum occurs as late as 7" p.m, in winter and in summer, and as early as 4" and 5" p.m.
in some of the months about the equinoxes. The secondary maximum occurs at the same hour, 7" 10™ a.m.,
throughout the year. In the winter months, the principal minimum occurs between 9" 10™ p.m., and 5» 10™
am. The minimum near noon occurs about 94 40™ a.m. in mid-winter, and about 115 10™ a.m. in mid-summer,
The following table has been formed in order to obtain, if possible, the period of the earliest mmimum.

TABLE XXVI.—Diurnal Variations of the Total Force of the Earth’s Magnetism, deduced from
Tables XII. and XIX.

ott. ji Fp Summer Gott. Winter : Summer

ies Abate Equinoxes.| cvistice. | Mean. |! Mm. | Solstice. |Eauimoxes.| soistice, | Mean.
H. 0-000 0-000 0-000 0-000, H. 0-000 0-000 0-000 0000
10 213 600 281 355 22 081 397 168 206
11 152 509 260 298 23 077 375 120 181
12 045 413 177 202 0 102 378 104 186
13 000 010 049 O11 1 160 398 133 221
14 029 000 000 000 2 197 443 257 290
15 071 045 006 031 3 214 535 331 351
16 064 014 046 032 4 240 649 389 417
17 044 148 145 103 5 237 698 418 442
18 062 278 169 161 6 216 744 460 464
19 096 382 209 220 7 195 726 503 465
20 090 444 188 231 8 180 622 506 427
21 106 | 461 188 242 9 5 475

TotaL MAGNETIC ForRcE. 253

From this table, the principal minimum occurs about 1» 10™ a.m. in the mean for the year, about midnight
in winter, and about 2° a.m. at the equinoxes and in summer.

The results from Table XXVI. differ little from those deduced from}Table XXV. The secondary maxi-
mum occurs earlier in summer than at the other periods, namely, about 64 a.m. in summer, and about 85 a.m.
in winter and at the solstices. The following are the periods for the year :—

The principal maximum occurs at 6" p.m., | Makerstoun mean time.
The principal minimum occurs at 15 10" a.m., ....... saastouescumebasts

A secondary maximum occurs at 8° aM, x. sess
A secondary minimum occurs at 10° 40™ A.M., .........ccceceeeeeeeeee

RANGES OF THE MONTHLY MEANS OF THE DIURNAL VARIATIONS OF THE TOTAL MAGNETIC FORCE.

It is evident, from the previous results, that the quantities in the last column of Table XXV. are not at
all the diurnal ranges, as the minimum occurs near midnight. From Table XXVI., however, it appears that
the range of the mean diurnal curve for the months about the winter solstice is 0-:000240, about the equinoxes
is 0:000744, and about the summer solstice is 0:000506 ; or, that the ranges are nearly in the following ratio :—

Winter Solstice : Summer Solstice : Equinoxes = 1 : 2: 3.

TABLE XXVII.—Variations of the Total Force of the Earth’s Magnetism with reference to the
Moon’s Age, Declination, and Distance from the Earth, as deduced from Tables IX. and XVI.

Variations ' | Variations|} After | Variations} After | Variations|| Before | Variations| Before | Variations
Moon’s of Moon’s of Moon of Moon of and of and of
Age. | Magnetic | Age. | Magnetic || farthest] Magnetic |farthest} Magnetic || After | Magnetic | After | Magnetic
Force. Force. || North.| Force. | North. | Force. ||Perigee.| Force. |Apogee.| Force.
Days. 0-000 Days. 0-000 Days. 0000 Days. 0-000 Days. 0000 Days. 0-000
15 037 0 040 0 130 14 073 7 107 7 052
16 058 1 025 1 087 15 057 6 086 6 022
17 073 2 066 2 146 16 033 5 164 5 051
18 064 3 083 3 092 17 005 4 058 4 045
19 048 4 049 4 064 18 033 3 040 3 027
20 082 5 042 © 5 035 19 017 2 062 2 025
21 087 6 145 6 041 20 027 1 083 1 040
22 071 7 040 7 056 21 009 P 053 A 031
23 076 8 067 8 066 22 015 1 056 1 000
24 073 9 048 va) 042 23 028 2 087 2 035
25 095 10 036 10 026 24 000 3 084 3 051
26 084 11 053 il 043 25 060 4 076 4 094
27 049 12 001 12 053 26 037 5 080 5 095
28 154 13 000 13 087 27 085 6 043 6 120
29 058 14 016 7 047 7 101

VARIATIONS OF THE TOTAL MAGNETIC FORCE WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s AGE.

Means of Groups.

14 days to 16 days, Full Moon, 0:000037 29 days to 1 day, New Moon, 0:000041
17 wees 20 + 0:000067 Q vere 5 ++ 0:000060
BALL cea aha 24. 0:000077 G6 wee eee 9... 0:000075

25 wee e ee 28 «ss 0:000095 10 «-++- 13 + 0:000022

From these means the total force is a minimum when the sun and moon are in opposition and in conjunction,
and a maximum about the quadratures. The principal minimum occurs at the time of full moon.

MAG, AND MET. oBs. 1843. 3s

Month. |

254 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.
VARIATIONS OF THE TOTAL MAGNETIC FORCE WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s DECLINATION.
Means of Groups.

27 days to I as Moon farthest North, 0°000101 | 13 days to 15 bet Moon farthest South, 0:000072

Dy Aacwe 0000084 | 16 ...... 19 0:000022
Gane ac 3 ase 0:000058 | 20 ...... 22... 0:000017
Dewees PA see 0:000041 | 23 ...... YAiSe pat 0:000031

There seem, therefore, to be mawima of the total magnetic force when the moon has its greatest north and
south declinations, and minima about the time when the moon is on the equator. The principal maximum occurs
when the moon has its greatest north declination, and the principal minimum when it is on the equator moving
northwards ; the secondary maximum and minimum are not shewn so distinctly.

VARIATIONS OF THE TOTAL MAGNETIC FORCE WITH REFERENCE TO THE MOON’s DISTANCE FROM
THE EARTH.

Means of Groups.

6 days after Apogee to 6 days before Perigee, 0000103 | 6 days after Perigee to 6 days after Apogee, 0:000041

5 days to 2 days before Perigee, ............ 0:000081 | 5 days to 2 days before Apogee, ............ 0:000037
1 day before to 1 day after Perigee,......... 0:000064 | 1 day before to 1 day after Apogee, ...... 0:000024
2 days to 5 days after Perigee, ............ 0-000082 | 2 days to 5 days after Apogee, ............ 0:000069

EXTREME POSITIONS.

TABLE XXVIII.—Differences of the Extreme Readings of the Three Magnetometers from the
Monthly Means for the Hours at which they occurred, for each Month in 1843, as deduced from

the Nine Daily Observations, together with the Ranges of the Three Magnetic Elements in each
Month.

Westerly Declination. Bifilar Magnetometer. Balance Magnetometer. Ranges.

Greater than Less than Reading greater} Reading less || Reading greater Reading less Decli- | Horizontal
Mean. Mean. than Mean. than Mean. than Mean. than Mean. nation. jcomponent

| a. Se. Dive | & he| Se Dive a. | ull Dic. Div. {la he | Mie, Div. |

+ 4-15 | 22 : y]+ 9-4 | 28 8|—12-9 i)+ 85-0 — 44-5 || 12-70 | 0:00239
+15-95 + 10-0! 14 10|)—14-5||24 8/+123-9 — 47-8)||59-29 | -00267
+ 10-94 +19:-4) 7 8|—24-8 8 |+ 292-7 |: — 52-2) 33-02 | -00474
+ 10-79 +43:9 — 68-8 3 |+ 344-0 20|— 105-4 | 33-38 | -01265
+ 4-22 +184 —79-1 + 79:8 — 257-2 || 29.84 | -01069
+ 7:96 +13:3 22 |— 10-6 3/4+ 53-7 — 38-6|| 25-60 | -00474
+ 3:55 +96-2 22 | — 42-0 4|}+ 246-1 — 56-7||40-48 | -01627
+ 4-23 + 22-6 — 36-8 +116-1 — 153-0 || 19-86 | -00744
+ 13-00 +17-4 —16-4 I{+ 51-5 — 46-2) 24-90 | -00508
+ 6-16 +38-1| 4 22)-— 9-0 5/+ 90-8 63-8 || 31-39 | -00617
+ 5-89 +10-8|] 3 — 10-3 + 32-6] 2 20-3 | 14-20 | -00335
+ 5-45 . +15-1 — 18-6 3/+ 94-5 46-2 || 21-82 | -00412

to
i=)

a ao

wooanrrk a QD

i it Ne tt

EXTREME PosItTIons.

255

XXIX.—Differences of the Extreme Readings of the Three Magnetometers from the Monthly Means
during the Extra Observations in 1843, together with the Ranges of the Three Magnetic Elements
during each of the Observed Disturbances.

Westerly Declination.

Bifilar Magnetometer.

Balance Magnetometer.

Ranges.

Greater than
Mean.

Less than
Lean.

Reading greater} Reading less
than Mean. than Mean.

a

=

bo

eH
DNF NROSOREDWIDWAWWHODDP

g HH ety
* NMoOMoancocrw

~

ed :
wo: SCNWNTOMHD FEO:

+

=

bo mb Ll to
HP SODRYOANSOSADENDONHAMNDHAN

Por AowMoy

| =< eee
aAwon-:

Reading greater
than Mean,

Reading less
than Mean,

Declina-
tion,

Horizontal
component.

Se. Div. h. | Se, Div.
-— 68
322

++eei +

I=

Mie. Diy.

+1056
+119-4
+ 774
+ 128

HH

=
SOND OOrMN: MHDODMOD

=

HH

B bo bt i
DRW! CODFROMPOMTHHEIDIRRWAWHRDOYD

bo:

Qw:

i

0
7
6
0
2
6
10
2
9
8
6
4
8

=

ti
+

71:0
36:3

Mie. Diy.

X=1.

0:00242
00314
00247
‘00135
00438
00203

00438

00602
00169
“00708
00510
00200
00254
00367
00731
00465
00260
00383
*00506
02927
01445
“00609
00203
00423
00303
-00177
“04278
00155
00665
-00389
“00449
"00429

00461
00302
00312
-00148

00170

Vertical
component.

Y=1.

0-00031
00076
-00059
09006
00043
00014

00169

00021
“00030
00168
00260
00030
00010
00021
00519
“00072
00014
-00029
00249
00755
00507
00125
00062
00134
00057
00073
“00902
00081
00048
00129
00038
00060
-00032

00102
00096

00017
-00023
“00095
00096
00035
-00038
-00104
00082.
00055
00034

“00018

25 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

TABLE XXX.—Differences of the Extreme Readings of the Three Magnetometers from the Monthly
Means, for the Hours at which the Extreme Readings occurred during the Term-Day Obser-
tions in 1843, together with the Ranges of the Three Magnetic Elements during each Term-Day.

Westerly Declination. Bifilar Magnetometer. Balance Magnetometer. Ranges.

Reading
greater than
Mean.

Reading
greater than
Mean.

Greater than Less than

Reading less
Mean, Mean.

Reading less ||Declina-|Hor. Comp.|Ver. Comp
than Mean.

than Mean. tion. | of Force. | of Force.

1843. h. | Se. Div. . | Mie. Div. \* Mie. Diy. X=1 Y=1.

Jan. 18, 19 05 : . — 65 + 71 — 15-0 : 0-00194 | 0-00031

Feb. 24, 25 . : : —41-3 +30-9 — 101-6 : -00501 | -00124
Mar. 22, 23 : : : + 8-1 86:3 . 00363 | -00114

Apr. 19, 20 : . . . - 86 ; p 00263 | -00028

May 26, 27 D . 20- : 7-0 . -00489 | -00096

June 21, 22 |} --- wae ree: : 0-5 . -00231 | -00031
July 19, 20 . : : : . . E -00249 | -00017
Aug. 25, 26 : : : . : . : -00388 | -00063
Sept. 20, 21 : : . : . : 4 -00396 | -00176
Oct. 18, 19 3 : . . : : 4 -00283 | -00127

Nov. 24, 25 . : ol D i . . -00170 | -00032

Dec. 20, 21 : : . 5 4 : . -00124 | -00021

When the hours at which the extreme positions occur are between 10" Gott, and 18" Gott., approximate
means have been taken, in order to deduce the differences between the extreme position and the mean position.

The differences of the greatest and least readings in the year from the monthly means for the hours at .
which the extremes occurred, together with the ranges for the year, are as follow :—

From the Daily Observations.

West Declination, greatest, Feb. 244 4», + 15/95; least, Feb. 64 104, —36°75; Range of Declination =59’-29.
Bifilar Magnetometer Reading, greatest, July 252 44, + 96:2 Sc. div.; least, May 64 10, —79:1 Sc. div.; Range of Hor. comp. =0:01839.
Balance Magnetometer Reading, greatest, April 54 64, +3440 Mic. div.; least, May 64 104, — 257-2 Mic. div.; Range of Ver. comp. =0:00599-

From the Extra Observations, and from all the Observations.

West Declination, greatest, April 5¢ 7", +3543; least, May 6412, - 90°29; Range of Declination =126"91.
Bifilar Magnetometer Reading, greatest, April 54 54, +151-0 Sc. div.; least, May 64 115, — 417-0 Sc. div.; Range of Hor. comp. =0° 05678,
Balance Magnetometer Reading, greatest, April 54 6, +517°8 Mic. div.; least, May 64 11", —685°5 Mic. div.; Range of Ver. comp. =0" 01141.

From the Term-Day Observations.

West Declination, greatest, Feb. 244 11, +1600; least, Sept. 21475, —1655; Range of Declination =32”98.
Lifilar Magnetometer Reading, greatest, Oct. 184 164, +21-0 Sc. div.; least, Feb. 244 12, —41°3 Sc. div.; Range of Hor. comp. =0°00789.
Balance Magnetometer Reading, greatest, Feb. 244 11%, +30:9 Mic. div.; least, Sept. 204 16, —148°5 Mic. div.; Range of Ver. comp. =0:00321.

EXTREME POSITIONS. 257

TABLE XXXI.—Means of the Quantities in the three preceding Tables for periods of Three Months,
and for the Year 1843, with the Mean Positive and Negative Excesses of the Excursions of the
Magnets.

West Declination. Bifilar Magnetometer. Balance Magnetometer. Ranges.

Period. |
Above | Below Declina-|_ Hor. Ver.

Excess. Mean. | Mean. tion. Comp. Comp.

Observations.

iv. | Se. Div. || Mic. Div. Mic. Div. X=1 Y=.1
Spring 2. 21-67 |— 9-13 “ ‘0 |-11-6|| 253-7 | 68-5 0-00669 | 0-00319

Summer 5 17-08 |—11-17 o ‘9 |— 1-3 || 126-5 | 117-5 : 0-01057 | 0-00230
Autumn 11-84 7 . “7 |+ 5:3] 86-1 | 87-7 : 0-00623 | 0.00183
Winter . 6-69 . : 2-1] 70-7 | 37-0 |+ 0-00329 | 0:00118

The Year 14-32 5 D . 2-4//134-2 | 77-6 |+ 56: 000669 | 0.00212

Spring 7:39 : 4:7|| 10-1 | 62-9 0-00376 | 0.00089
Summer 9-12 j : D 1:5 5:7 | 37-5 . 0-00323 | 0.00048

Autumn 9-77 , 9-4 98-1 . 0-00356 | 0.00122

Term-Day.

Winter 4.43 + 9-1 . 14-5 : 0-00163 | 000028

The Year . 7-55 : 5 : 3-9 . 53-2 : 0-00304 | 0-00072

Spring o 13-50 |— 7-19 “ 25-4 |— 1-7 E 52-4 : 0-00529 | 0.00143

‘Summer 16-22 |—11-13 . 60-9 |—37-2 97-4 0-00728 | 0-00158

Autumn 7-60 |+ 0-41 : 15-3 |+ 5-9 p 48-8 0-00436 | 0-00089
Winter 11-00 |- 6-47 . 18-8 |-—11-2 8-5 |4+ 32. 0-00273 | 0.00060

The Year 12-41 |— 5-88 : 29-5 s 9-3 D D 0-00507 | 0-00121

|
|
|
|

The foregoing Table has been formed from the three preceding it by taking the means of the excesses or
defects, and ranges, for periods of three months.

The extremes, given in Tables XXVIII. and XXIX., are evidently imperfect, as the observations include
only a limited portion of the 24 hours; the conclusions to be drawn from the previous Table must, therefore,
be very restricted.

From all the observations, the excursions of the declination-needle towards the east are shewn to exceed
those towards the west; they all agree also in making this excess greatest in Summer.

The results of the horizontal component differ in the three kinds of observations ; on the whole, the devia-
tions from the mean seem to be more negative than positive.

For the vertical component, it has already been shewn that no result for ranges can be trusted that does
not include observations between midnight and sunrise. The term-day observations which include the 24 hours
give the excess negative; and although the number of days from which this result is obtained are few, yet it is
true for 9 out of the 12 term-days, and for the remaining 3 the positive excess is very trifling.

MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. . 3T

258 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

TABLE XXXII.—Differences of the greatest and least Daily Means of Magnetic Declination, and
of the Horizontal and Vertical Components of Magnetic Force, from the Monthly Means for p
each Month in 1843, together with the Monthly Ranges of the Daily Means.

Westerly Declination. Horizontal Component. Vertical Component.

Ranges,

Above : Above

DEYN \eant é Mean.

, Ab Jeclina-
Day. Day. Moa 7 mea Hor.

0-09 0-00
January : 3-34 2 : 0614 0200
February 3-28 : 0628 0223
March 3: “6 0528 0663
April : 72 0453 0527
May . : 0952 0139
June . : 0596 0199
July 3:2: 24 | 3- 1176 0744
August Z “62 : 0689 ‘ 0487
September : : 0637 0147
October 3 | 2: : 0518 0377
November : : 0741 0156
December 5 | 1. : 0465 0163
The Year | Jan, 20 '6- a Dee. 25 | 2048 536 : 1205 | Dec. 25

The last line in the above Table contains the difference of the greatest and least daily means from the
mean for the year.

Westerly Declination.—In opposition to the result obtained for the single observations, Table XXXI., the
daily means deviate farther to the west of the mean than to the east of it.

The mean of the greatest daily means in each month is 3’-00 above the mean.

The mean of the least daily means in each month is 263 below the mean.

The greatest deviation of a daily mean to the west of the mean for the month is 363, occurring on
August 22; the greatest deviation of a daily mean to the east of the monthly mean occurs on June 24,
being 4-24.

“The greatest deviation of a weekly mean, as given Table I., to the west of the mean for the year, is 4-11,
occurring January 19—25 ; the greatest: deviation of a weekly mean to the east of the mean for the year occurs
December 21—27, being 4’-30.

The greatest range of the daily means for any month is that for February, being 735; the least is that
for December, being 3°98, The whole range of the daily means for the year is 12’-03.

Horizontal Component.—The mean of the greatest daily means in each month is 0:000666 above the
monthly means, the whole horizontal component being unity ; the mean of the least daily means in each month
is 0:000675 below the monthly means.

The greatest excess of a daily mean above the monthly mean is 0:001176, occurring July 24 ; the greatest ig
defect of a daily mean from the monthly mean oceurs May 8, being 0:001391. The greatest excess of a weekly
mean, as given Table VIII., above the mean for the year, occurs December 21—27, being 0:004500 ; and
the greatest defect of a weekly mean from the mean for the year occurs April 6—12, being 0°001304,

The greatest range of the daily means for any month is that for May, being 0-002343 ; the least is that
for December, being 0:000984. The range of the daily means for the whole year is 0:003824.

Vertical Component.—The mean of the greatest daily means in each month is 0000335 above the monthly
means, the whole vertical component being unity. The mean of the least daily means in each month is
0-000245 below the monthly means.

The greatest excess of a daily mean above a monthly mean is that for July 25, being 0-000744; the
greatest defect of a daily mean from a monthly mean is that for March 31, being 0:000432 below the mean
for the month.

The greatest excess of a weekly mean, as given Table XV., above the mean for the year, occurs January 4
—11, being 0:001056 ; the greatest defect of a weekly mean from the mean for the year occurs December 21
—27, being 0:000792.

The greatest range of the daily means for any month is that for March, being 0:001095 ; the least is that
for December, being 0:000283. The whole range of the daily means for the year is 0:002053.

EXTREME POsITIONS. 259

TABLE XXXIII.—Greatest and Least Diurnal Ranges of the Magnetic Declination, Horizontal and
Vertical Components of Magnetic Force, for each Month in 1843, as obtained from Tables VI..
XIII, and XX.

Declination. Horizontal Component. Vertical Component.

Greatest Least Greatest
Range. Y- | Range. Y- | Range.

0-0 00 0-00

January : “ 0227 0029 1331
February . : 0210 0045 1483
March . ‘ 0346 0046 3300
April : ; 1265 0144 3738
May : : 0939 0170 2713
June : Fi 0417 0187 0691
July ' : 1627 0173 2258
August - . 0696 0196 1536
September : : 0405 0132 0896
October . 0567 0130 1011
November . . 0237 0681
December “ 5 0305 | 1177

INCLINOMETER.

TABLE XXXIV.—Monthly Means of the Observations of the Inclinometer for the Magnetic Dip.

No. of Observations. Magnetic Dip.
A.M. P.M. 235 Gottingen. 44 Gottingen. ~ Mean of all.
1843. °o , o ¢ ° /

January 5 4 71 20.94 71 21-69 71 (21-27
February 4 3 71 23-17 71 21-90 71 22.62
March 2 5 71 21-46 71 22.29 71 22.04
April - 4 3 71 21-76 71 22.85 71 22.23
May 2 4 71 22-40 71 22-57 71 22-52
June 5 5 71 23-67 71 23-65 71 23-66
July 3 4 “71 «(25-64 71 29-50 71 = 27-85
August 4 5 71 23-67 71 19-53 71 21-37
September 1 2 71 25.94 71 21.43 71 22.94
October 2 2 71 30-40 71 27-06 71 28-73
November 2 4 71 25-58 71 26-20 71 25-99
December 4 5 71 25-32 71 26-27 71 25-85
The Year 38 46 71 23-72 71 23-69 71 23-70

The inclinometer worked very imperfectly after the month of June, see Introduction, § 8. No correction
has been applied for the error of axle, as in the previous year, when a correction of — 12’ was made.

The mean magnetic dip for the first six months of 1842, uncorrected, was 71 24-39
se ene cee cee egesre cee ces cncsecececescetceeeeecs ssecereee 1843, acseeseseeee is 71 29-39
Sy tk de SEAS aA eR the year 1842, seseeee was 71 23°95
Ben CE CECS PORECOOCICETI COO Ee Con Deon 1848, -.------ is 71 23-70

. a

ye) wee

Aid es 1 oe

iver s,s aw me

coi

ABSTRACTS OF THE RESULTS

| OF THE

METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS,

MADE AT THE OBSERVATORY OF

GENERAL SIR T. M. BRISBANE, Barr.,

MAKERSTOUN.

1843.

MAG, AND MET. oBs. 1843. 3U

262 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

In the following Tables, containing Daily Means, the places of the Sundays are occupied, as in the pre-
vious Tables of Magnetical Observations, by the means of the three preceding and three succeeding days ; these
means are considered as approximate weekly means, and have not been used in summations as approximate
means for the Sundays.

Different methods have been adopted in order to obtain good approximate daily means from the nine daily
observations; these will be found described after the various Tables. Means obtained by these methods have
been compared with the actual means where a complete series of two-hourly observations has been made, and
they have been found to differ very little.

In the following Tables, Spring has been considered as composed of the months of March, April, and May,
and so on for the other seasons,

TABLE I.—Daily, Weekly, and Monthly Means of the Temperature of the Air, as deduced from the
Readings of the Dry Bulb Thermometer for 1843.

January. | February.| March. April. : . : . |September.) October. | November.

° i) ° °

40-6 s : : ; 4 61-0 ; 32.7
35-8 : : : : rE 64-4 f 37.6
29.2 ; ; : : 2 [59-1] : 36-7
34.3 A : : : d : 55:3 i 47-6

[35-2] : : : : é 54-0 ; [41-2]
32.8 3 : P ; ; ¥ 5 46-7
39-6
39-8
35-9
35-2
36-6

[31-4]
31-9

COoOnNarP WH =

[35-1]
33-9
33-3

Mean

The daily means, T, contained in Table I., were obtained from the nine daily observations as follows :—
S$ being the sum of the nine observations, 18 the observation at 18, 10 at 10", then

pTuSt 2x18 +10

12

For the first week in January, the mean of the observations at 20" and 5" was taken for the mean of the day ;
and the second week, S being the sum of eight observations only, 3 x 20 was substituted for 2 x 18 in the pre-
vious formula,

TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR. 263

TABLE II.—Means of the Maximum and Minimum Temperature of the Air for each Day in 1843, as
deduced from the Self-Registering Thermometers.

January. | February.| March. April. May. June. July. August. |September.| October. | November.) December.
° ° ° is} ° ° o ° ° ° fo} o
33:0 41-1 31-8 51:5 46-2 45-7 55:8 56-4 62-1 |, 59-7 35-1 34-6
32-0 39-0 32-6 52-5 44-8 56:3 57-9 59-3 64-9 53-9 37-4 36-7
32-8 32:3 33-9 50-2 48-3 46-2 61:3 59-7 64:3 48-5 36-6 44-2
39-0? 29-9 30-7 44-4 50-1 45-3 56-7 59-0 56-4 56-4 44-3 48-5
35-5 32-1 36-7 45:8 46-1 43-3 59-5 56-1 52-7 58-6 38-9 49-4
37-5 33-0 42-4 44-7 47-2 46-8 59-8 55-5 61.6 58-7 43-1 42-3
37-5 38-2 40-5 45:8 49-3 52-2 56-7 54-6 56-2 53-9 44-6 48-1
31-5 40-6 32-6 41-9 45-3 54-2 57-0 63-2 58-7 48-9 37-6 45-9
31-9 | eee 34:5 39-1 47-1 53-0 58-2 60-8 62-0 44-4 33-1 45-2
35:3 34-7 38-1 35-1 44.4 55-8 58-9 54:5 58-7 44-8 37-1 44-4
33-2 35:5 41-7 35-7 48-4 51-9 59-7 57-0° 62-6 40-5 43-0 47-2
26-1 37-6 47-2 35-0 47-8 50-6 56-3 59-6 64-3 41-7 38-2 44-9
29-2 32-9 40-0 34-2 54:0 |, 47-6 59-3 61.3 55-4 36-8 42-8 46-8
34:8 26-9 37-8 45:3 54-6 52-0 57-8 57-0 51-6 39-4 35:8 47-1
Peort. 23-3 38.3 50-5 45-8 56-2 60-0 56-5 61-1 34.8 37-1 50-7

49-0 35-9 34-1 44-8 51-7 48-7 58-3 53-4 44-3 34-3 49-4 44-0
47-5 36-0 38-2 46-4 46-0 49-6 57-9 54-6 44.7 41-9 48-9 43-7
48-0 39-9 43-7 43-1 51-9 59-0 56-4 42-4 41-7 45:8 46-0
47-0 38-5 49-2 47-3 53-9 57-6 52-5 55-5 32-1 39-2 45-0
46-5 50-5 45-3 59-2 59-6 36-2 44-6
38-7 33-4 40-5 45-6 | 47-1 51-9 57-1 | 57:8 56-2 43-9 39-6 45-1

Annual Variation of Temperature.—The mean temperature is least for the month of February and greatest
for the month of August; the means for April, May, and December differ little from the mean for the year.
The monthly means differ slightly in Tables I. and II. ; one cause of this difference will evidently be found in
the means for Sundays, included in Table IJ.; when these means are deleted, the monthly means from the
self-registering thermometers are as follow :—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. August. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
39°0 33°4 40°2 45°3 46°9 52°1 57°1 57°9 55°7 48°4 39°8 44°-9
These quantities differ from the means, Table I., from the observations of the dry bulb thermometer by

Jan, Feb. March. April. May. June. July. August. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee.
Ono eh Ore elo Oy Ore 4071 2 0e3 +076 -- Orb) jello 40-2") —O3

These differences evidently have a law, the amount being greatest near the equinoxes and least near the solstices. *

* These differences and their variations are probably due to three causes; jirst, difference of exposure of the register and dry
bulb thermometers ; second, difference in the form of the diurnal curve for the various months; third, less conducting power of the
spirit of wine of the minimum thermometer than of the mercury of the maximum. From the last, the registered minimum will, in
general, be higher than the true minimum, and so much the more when the change of temperature is most rapid, or when the diurnal
“range is greatest, namely, near the Equinoxes. See Table III.

264 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

If we apply a correction to the monthly means, Table I., for the Sunday means awanting, which may be
derived with sufficient accuracy from a comparison of the monthly means from the self-registering thermometers,
when the Sundays are included and omitted, we obtain the true means for 1848 as follow :—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. August. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
38°4 338°0 3993 44°9 46°7 51°8 56°8 57°2 55°F 49°8 39%4 '45°4
Winter, 39°-0 ; Spring, 43°°6; Summer, 553; Autumn, 46°0.

Mean Temperature for the year 1843 = 46°05.

It is evident that, for the year 1843, the months of January, February, and March constitute the meteoro-
logical season, Winter; and July, August, and September constitute Summer. The means for this mode of
grouping are—

Jan., Feb., March, 36°:9; April, May, June, 47°-8; July, August, Sept., 56°6; Oct., Nov., Dec., 425.

TABLE I1i—Mean Temperature of the Air at the Observation Hours for each Month and

Quarter of 1843.
a ee ee
Period. 18%, 20%, 22h, Ob, oh, 4h, 6h. 8h, 104, Mean. Range.
° Fie | pore CP ea PaO io Sa Sela ce Gian

January 38-10 | 37-81 | 38-07 | 39-80 | 40-60 | 40-05 | 39-30 | 38-54 | 38-07 38-72 2.79
February 31-85 | 31-99 | 32-66 | 34-94 | 35-74 | 35-20 | 33-35 | 32:18 | 32-05 32.98 3-89
March 34-84 | 35-85 | 39-22 | 43-07 | 44-76 | 44-64 | 42-08 | 38-84 | 37-91 39-07 9-92
April 39-26 | 42-70 | 47-32 | 49-47 | 50-76 | 50-17 | 47-44 | 44-15 | 42-40 || 44-55 11-50
May 42:10 | 45-18 | 48-45 | 50-62 | 51-47 | 50-98 | 49-80 | 47-13 | 44-47 || 46-57 9-37
June 48:35 | 51-00 | 53-41 | 55-05 | 55-92 | 56-25 | 55-47 | 52-99 | 49.24 || 51-97 7:90
July 52-13 | 56-33 | 59-73 | 61-28 | 62-41 | 61-30 | 59-66 | 56-67 | 54-10 56-83 10-28
August 50-10 | 54-26 | 59-46 | 63-13 | 64-91 | 64-76 | 62-25 | 57-92 | 55-25 57-29 14-81
September 47-80 | 50-96 | 56:56 | 61-77 | 64-24 | 64-10 | 60-80 | 55-50 | 52-63 55-22 16-44
October 39-12 | 39-S8 | 43-60 | 47-01 | 47-77 | 47-07 | 43-32 | 40-95 | 40-17 || 42-27 8-65

November 38-22 | 38-68 | 39-93 | 42-30 | 43:33 | 42.03 | 39-15 | 38-49 | 38-24 || 39-59 5-11
December 44-40 | 44-44 | 45-98 | 46-85 | 47-35 | 46-28 | 45-07 | 44-77 | 44-59 || 45-26 2-95

Spring 38-73 | 41-24 | 45-00 | 47-72 | 49-00 | 48-60 | 46-44 | 43-37 | 41-59 || 43-40 10-27
Summer 50-19 | 53-86 | 57-53 | 59-82 | 61-08 | 60-77 | 59-13 | 55-86 | 52-86 || 55-36 10-89
Autumn 41-71 | 43-17 | 46-70 | 50-36 | 51-78 | 51-07 | 47-76 | 44-98 | 43-68 | 45-69 10-07
Winter 38-12 | 38-08 | 38-90 | 40-53 | 41-23 | 40-51 | 39-24 | 38-50 | 38-24 || 38-99 3-15

The Year 42-19 | 44-09 | 47-03 | 49-61 | 50-77 | 50-24 | 48-14 | 45-68 | 44.09 | 45-86 8-58

In obtaining the means for the month of January, the observations in the first week were rejected ; no
observation having been made at 18" in the second week, a correction was applied to the mean for that hour f
of — 3°29, obtained from Table I. as follows :—

{Mean temp., Jan. 9—31 = 40°32 minus, mean temp., Jan, 16—31 = 43°81} = — 3°29.

The means were afterwards corrected by —0°-9, in order to render the mean for the month similar to that
obtained, Table I., from the whole month.

Diurnal Variation of Temperature—The period of minimum temperature is not indicated by the above
observations. The maximum temperature occurs nearly at the following periods in the means for the four
meteorological seasons :—

Spring, maximum temperature, occurs at 12 30™ p.m. Makerstoun mean time.

Summer) > +, avscleae eee tsnteeee es 1B Ab Met aeatea decease gihsthian tess
AtGUMN,. ~i¢ istsesuseetens eats races LEGO lone oe eae ee cee
Pitas 9 tS hen GV Aen Tag tee ne wen eer ant
The Year, ..... or eae meer Here J BOM hee Sek Pee ea

If we examine the monthly means separately, it will be found that the maximum occurs about the same
time, namely, 1 10™ in the months of January, February, May, July, October, November, and December,

TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR. 265

and considerably later in the other months, being about 25 40™ in June. If we group the months into the
astronomical quarters, we arrive at the following result :—

Spring, maximum temperature, occurs at 1" 40™ p.m, Makerstoun mean time.
Summer, .:
Autumn, ........

WWYATEELS ia sia siesonacasamete an ncesede. slisich oaks

Or, that the maximum temperature occurs later in the day at the equinoxes than at the solstices. It will re-
quire other years observations to prove the generality of this fact; but it seems to bear some relation, and
that apparently not of difficult explanation, to the amount of the diurnal range of temperature.

The mean temperature for the year occurs at 8" 22™ an.
Se gnIRGOSE inset eeteristcceiseesicas c'scatgars-e beset On OOTME Ne

The interval between these periods is 10" 37 m

The critical interval varies with each month, and is greatest in June, being 11" 46™, and least in Feb-
ruary, being 8? 11™.

TABLE IV.—Errors of the Approximate Mean Temperatures for each Month and Quarter in 1843,
deduced from one or two Daily Observations.

—_—_—_—_—_——ank eee ee

Approximate Means (+) greater, or (—) less than true Means.

. True
Periods. Mean. || Max. 1gh 18h 19» 20 20 21 22h 22h 23h 18h
and and and and and and and and and and and 8h,
Min. 5h, 64, 6h, 7, 8h, CL 9h, 104, 104, oh,
° ° ° o ° ° ° ° ° ° fo} ° °
January 38-72 || +0-3 |+0-15 |—0-02|—0-10 | —0-36 | —0-55 | — 0-48 | —0-54|—0-65 | — 0.22 +0-23 |—0-18
February 32-98 || +0-4 |+0-08 | — 0-38 | —0-34 | — 0-65 | — 0-90 | — 0-73 | — 0-59 | —0-63 | —0-06 +0-41|—0-80
March 39-07 | +1-2 |+0-03 |—0-61 | —0-36 | — 0-92 | — 1-73 | — 0-88 | — 0-28 | — 0-51) +0-45 | —0-12| — 0.23
April 44-55 || + 0-7 |—0-52|—1-20|—0-34|—0-31 | — 1-13 |} + 0-03 |+.0-74 |+0-33 |+0-84 —0-17 | —0-40
May 46-57 || + 0-4 |—0-33 —0-62)+0-15 |+ 0-25 | —0-42|+0-40]+ 0-55 |—0-11 |+0-43 | —0.21 +0-56
June 51-97 | +0-1 |+0-13 | —0-06 | +0-60 |+ 0-64 | +0-02 |+0-62/+0-61 | —0-65 | —0-24 | —0.27 +1-02
July 56-83 || +0-3 |—0-53 | —0-94|+0-11 |}+0-42 | —0-33 |+0-52|+0.72|+0-08 |+0-47 |—0-13]—0-16
August ~ 57-29 || +0-6 |—0-49 | —1-12|—0-08 | —0-12 | —1-21|}+0-10|+0-73 |+0-06 + 0-98 | —0-68 | + 0-63
September 55-22 || +0-5 |—0-10|—0-92 | —0-13 |—0-67 | — 1-99 | — 0-59 |+.0-09 | — 0-63 |+0-67 | —0.44 +0-28
October 42.27 || +1-1 |—0-12|—1-05 |+0-86 |— 1-27 | —1-86|+ 0-93 |—0-19 | —0-39 | — 0-46 + 0-79 | — 1-32
November 39-59 || +0-2 |—0-19 | —0-91 | —0-79 | —0-84 | —1-01 | —0-70 | — 0-45 |—0-51 + 0-08 | + 0-67 | — 1-10
December 45-26 || —0-3 |—0-23 |—0-53 | —0-52|—0-58 | — 0-66 | — 0-27 | +.0-07 |+.0.02 | + 0-24 +0-36 |—0-49

Spring 43-40 || +0-8 |—0-28 | 0-82 | —0-19 | — 0-33 | —1-10 | —0-16 | — 0-34 |—0-11 | +. 0-57 | —0-18 | — 0-03
Summer 55:36 | +0-3 |—0-29 |—0-70|+0-21/}+0-31 | —0-50|+0-41 |+0-58 |—0-17 | +0-40 | — 0-36 |+0-50
Autumn 45-69 || +0-6 |—0-13 | —0-96 | — 0-59 | — 0-92 | — 1-66 | — 0-74 | — 0-18 | —0-50 |+.0-41/+0-34|—0-71
Winter 38-99 || +0-1 0-00 | —0-31 | — 0.32 | — 0-52 | —0-70 | — 0-50 | — 0-36 | — 0-42 | — 0-02 |+ 0.33 | — 0-49

The Year 45-86 || +0-5 —0-17 |—0-70 | — 0-25 | — 0-36 | — 0-98 | — 0-24 | + 0-09 | — 0-30 | + 0-34 | +. 0-04 | —0-18

The 12 months, a

Mean of Errors 0-5 | 0-24; 0-70} 0-36} 0-59} 0-98] 0-52] 0-46] 0-38] 0-43} 0-37] 0-60
Range of Errors 15 | 0-68] 1-18} 1-65} 1-91) 2-01) 1-81] 1-33] 0-98} 1-44] 1-47] 2.34

The quantities given as the true means are from Table III.; they are, therefore, only approximate, but
they must be very near the truth. The errors of the mean from the maximum and minimum thermometer are
obtained from Table II., after deleting the means for Sundays. The means for the odd hours were obtained
by taking the mean of the even hours between which the odd hours lie.

The couple of hours best fitted for observations, in order to obtain the best approximation to the monthly
means, must evidently be determined by

1st, The smallness of the mean of the monthly errors,
2d, The smallness of the range of the monthly errors.

MAG. AND MET. obs. 1843. 3x

266 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

The smaller the second is the more nearly will the approximate curve resemble the true curve in form, and
the smaller the first the more nearly will the approximate curve approach the true curve in position,

In the foregoing Table, the range of the errors, and their mean for the 12 months (independent of sign),
are given for each couple of hours, The hours which seem best to satisfy the two conditions are— i

1st, 18" and 5" Gottingen, or 5° 10™ a.m. and 4" 10™ p.m. Makerstoun mean time.

Dds 2OP and) 10", © xcnetn< or 9%10™4.mM, and 9" 10™ pa.
Gdabo2 and el Ol eae or 5° 10™ a.m, and 11" 10™ a.m,
4th, 19 and 6% ......... or 6410™ 4m. and 5 10™ p.m,
bth, 232 andilO™ eo. oeesas or 10" 10™ a.m. and 9" 10™ p.m.
Oths 222" and: O80 sees ce or 9°10™am. and 8" 10™ pM.

The first couple of hours is considerably superior to any of the others, the mean of the errors being only
0°24, and their range only 0°-68, while the error for the year is only — 0°17. The second couple of hours is
more convenient. For ordinary purposes, the maximum and minimum register thermometers seem sufficiently
accurate.*

TABLE V.—Diurnal Ranges of Temperature for each Civil Day in 1843, as deduced from the
Observations of the Maximum and Minimum Register Thermometers.

January. | February.) March. il. . . \September.) October. |November.| December.

°

17-6
16-8
12.4
13-9
31-8
23-9
29-5
36-5
29-3
24-6
15-6
15-7
21-0
28-3
15-3
28-9
20-5
20-5
30-9

COWH MP wre

Mean | 9-0

* There are three couples of homonymous hours given in the Table, but only one couple gives satisfactory results. It will be
found. that twelve or thirteen combinations of hours, haying the common interval of eleven hours (nearly the critical interval), will
give a mean error for the year from a third to a half less than that from the twelve combinations of homonymous hours, the combina-
tions commencing with 104 p.m, and 9" 4.M., 11" p.m. and 10" 4.M., and so on to the twelfth or thirteenth couple.

TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR. 267

Diurnal Range of Temperature.—The diurnal ranges deduced from the means, Table III., are imperfect,
as the hours of the minima are not included in the Summer months. Making every allowance for this defi-
ciency, there is little difficulty in perceiving that the ranges are greater, on the whole, for the months near the
Equinoxes than for the Summer months. This fact will be seen more distinctly in the means at the foot of
Table V. From this Table, we find that the smallest mean of the diurnal ranges occurs in February and
December, the mean of the ranges increases till April, diminishes in May and June, and again increases till
August and September, when it is a maximum.*

From Table III., the range of the mean diurnal curve for the year must be about 9°.

From Table V., the mean of all the diurnal ranges for the year =18°7.

TABLE VI.—Extremes of Temperature for each Month from the Register Thermometers ; Extremes
of Daily Mean Temperature for each Month, deduced from the Daily Observations; and Extreme
Diurnal Ranges for each Month from the Register Thermometers.

Extreme Temperatures. Extremes of Mean Daily Temperature. Extreme Diurnal Ranges.
Month.

Highest. Lowest. Range.| Mean. Highest. Lowest. Range. | Mean. Greatest. Least.

d. e d. a e 2 d. 2 d. fa 2 8 da. 2 d, *
January 27 | 55-1] 15 | 19-9 | 35-2 | 37-5 || 27 | 51-1 3 | 30-1] 21-0} 41-0 3 | 24-1 | 30 1-2
February 1) 44-8 | 18 6-9 | 37-9 | 25-8 1} 40-6 | 18} 18-6] 22:0 | 29-6 || 18 | 29-5 2 1-1
March 18 | 61-5 4| 20-2 |’41-3 | 40-8 || 22 | 49-9} 4] 30-1] 19-8 | 40-0 || 30 | 27-6 | 27 3-7
April 19 | 64.4 | 12] 23-8) 40-6 | 44-1 | 19 | 53-3 | 11 | 33-6 | 19-7 | 43-4 || 24] 25.9 | 22] 6-5
May 14 | 62-8] 19] 30-4] 32-4 | 46-6 | 13 | 52-5 | 29 | 42-6 9:9 | 47-5 1} 28-5 | 16 1-8
June 23 | 72-7 6 | 41-3 | 31-4] 57-0 || 21 | 57-7 5 | 42-7 | 15-0 | 50-2 || 23 | 27-4) 5 1-2
July 14 | 69-5 | 25 | 36.4 |] 33-1 | 52-9 || 26 | 61-5 | 20} 51-7 9-8 | 56-6 || 25 | 31-2] 3 9-6
August 18 | 78-7 | 24] 36-5 | 42-2 | 57-6 | 19 | 65-2 | 30] 51-8] 13-4] 58-5 | 24] 33-4 | 22] 9.9
September 8 | 77-0 | 29 | 30-6 | 46.4 | 53-8 2| 64-4 {oat 44-1 | 20-3 | 54.2 8 | 36:5 | 25 6-0
October 1} 65-4 | 19 | 21-6] 43-8 | 43.5 6 | 57-2 | 16] 32-7 | 245 | 44.9 || 16 | 24-9 | 29 4:5
November 4} 54:5 | 26 | 26-5 | 28-0] 40-5 || 27 | 48-9 | 25 | 30-8 | 18-1 | 39-8 || 26 | 26-1 | 29 3-4
December 24) 54:6 2] 25:3 | 29-3 | 39-9 || 23 | 49-8 1} 31-8} 18-0 | 40-8 2) 228) 5 2-0

Extremes of Temperature, 1843.

Highest temperature occurred -----+--+-.---- August 18, =i — #0, ick
Lowest «+ -1- eee see eee cee see see cee eeeseeeeeeee February 18, = 6°9 Te 71°-8, mean = 42°8,
Highest daily mean temperature occurred August 19 = 65°2 au Ae
GG ESE asic cle axis natal walsis's's ewslensjsbs\eiesleveince February 18, = 18°6 range = 46° 6, mean = 41
Highest weekly mean ee ada occurred August 14—19, = 61°5 mie ae
MGW EAE ve cceetea a Spree eps Cas (peas ae) i alieeaeiaaiina ioe tet
Highest monthly m mean mn temper: ature ae August, = 57°:3 i Wayor Le aie
Wowest -+-.-..- ceo cc Tae bed cee seo Segees February, = 33°:0 yee 2s "Sy mean — fai
In each case, the interval between the highest and lowest is exactly six months.
The greatest diurnal range of temperature occurred ...............++- September 8, = 36°5
The lowest ........< PEE te Neen cicic aa ntdseedas sane ehareee aeenesee February 2, = 11
The greatest range of temperature for a month occurred ............ February 18—March 18, = 54°-6
The greatest range of daily mean temperature for a month occurred February 18—March 18, = 28°2

* In this volume, | have followed the practice of meteorologists, and have grouped the months into the meteorological seasons.
As far as the results for the year 1843 go, the value of this mode of grouping seems very questionable. With the single exception
of the mean temperature, the facts (diurnal range, critical intervals, and periods of maxima) are more directly related to the astro-
nomical seasons. Hyen for the mean temperature each year would require a particular mode of grouping; it is only on the average
of a number of years that June, July, and August are entitled to be called Summer. In 1843, it will be seen that July, August, and
September are the three months with the highest mean temperature.

The cause of the diminished diurnal range in the midsummer months is obviously due to the sun’s approach to perpetual appari-
tion, as has been pointed out elsewhere.—See Professor Forbes’s Supplementary Report on Meteorology, Report Brit. Assoc, 1840,
page 52.

268 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

TABLE VII—Daily, Weekly, and Monthly Means of the Temperature of Evaporation, as deduced»
from the Nine Daily Readings of the Wet Bulb Thermometer in 1843.

March. | April. May. . July. . Sept.

° °

43-9 . 53-2
3 | [53-0]
55-6
52-5
57-7
54-4
53-6
53-7
[53-8]
54:3
52:3
54-6
56-1
54-2
55-5
[54-0]
54-3
54:3
49-9
49-5
50-7
53-3
[52-5]
49-3
53-0
59-4
52-5

The daily means have been obtained from the daily observations by the formule already given, Table L.,
for the dry bulb thermometer.

Annual Variation of the Temperature of Evaporation. —This follows the same law as the temperature of
the air, Table I, The greatest monthly mean is that for August, the least is that for February.

The means for the ‘meteorological seasons are as follow :—

Winter, Dec., Jan., Feb., 37°2 Jan., Feb., Mar., 35°:1
Spring, Mar., Apr., May, 41°-0 Apr., May, June, 44°38
Summer, June, July, Aug., 52°°3 July, Aug., Sept., 53°5
Autumn, Sept., Oct., Nov., 43°7 Oct., Nov., Dec., 40°7

The year 1843, 43°-54.

TEMPERATURE OF EVAPORATION. 269

TABLE VIII.—Hourly Means of the Temperature of Evaporation, as deduced from the Readings
of the Wet Bulb Thermometer, at the Observation Hours for each month in 1843.

Period.

January
February
March
April

May

June

July
August
September
October
November
December

Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter

The Year

The observations in the first week of January were not made use of in obtaining the hourly means for
that month. No observation having been made at 18" in the second week, a correction was applied to the
mean for that hour of — 3°11, obtained from Table VII. as follows :—

{Mean temp. Jan. 9—31 = 37°99 minus mean temp. Jan. 16—31 = 41°-10}= —3"11.

The means were afterward corrected by —1°-00, in order to render the mean for the month from these
means equal to that obtained, Table VII., from all the daily observations.

Diurnal Variation of the Temperature of Evaporation—The maximum temperature of evaporation occurs
rather later in the day than the maximum temperature of the air in Spring, and rather earlier in the day in
Summer and Autumn. The hours of the maximum, Makerstoun mean time, for the four meteorological seasons,
with their differences from the hours of the maximum temperature of the air (Table III.), are as follow :—

Spring, 1" 35™, occurring later than max. temp. of air by 5™.

Summer, 14 QO™, wes eee eee CALTLET coc ccc cce snc senvecveeseeoee QF.
Autumn, 12 10m, ee cee eee see cee eee eee eee aee cee eee eee ceeeee 95m,
Winter, LP 10, cee eeeseneeeseecee cee eee cee eee eee nee eee ee 0,
The Year, 12 15™, ccsccccceceeeee cee eeeceecteseeseeereeeeeeeres 15m,

The period of the minimum is not to be obtained from the nine daily observations.

The mean temperature of evaporation for the year occurs at 8 18™ a.m.
JOBS KoaDSddShonse ea peUdOGRBBEmNDag aMderbaahoAsBoEbaseBedkbobspooctic 72 19™ p.m.

The interval between the two periods is TTR

Range of the Diurnal Variation of the Temperature of Evaporation.—The ranges in the previous Table
are imperfect, on account of the minimum being awanting in the Summer months ; but it seems as evident here,
as in the case of the temperature of the air, that the range is less in the Midsummer months than for the
months immediately preceding and succeeding them.

MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. 3yY

270 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

TABLE IX.—Daily, Weekly, and Monthly Means of the Pressure of Aqueous Vapour in inches of
Mercury, as deduced from Tables I. and VII.

March.

. in.
tates 0-162 ‘
| 0154] -183 | -167 |[ -275]| -256| -355|[ -371]| -410| -529 ;
| +170 -166 -166 272 281 278 404 -414 | [ -423] 337 +232 | [ -257]
| +157 :

: 337 .
22 [ -250]| -228 +304 +315 +304 +319 +397 -390 +356 |[ -245]| -239 -308

23 +243 +223 +303 | [ -265]| -324 +360 | [ -375]| +324 +380 +289 +222 -323
24 +281 +223 -261 +238 -306 +348 -308 -335 | [ -312]| -238 186 | [ -299]
25 -273 -196 +223 +239 331 |[ -317]| +379 +383 +282 -208 -186 331
26 -263 | [ -194]] [ -220]} -207 +359 +322 | -489 +389 +229 +179 | [ -237]} -294
27 -342 -181 -182 -235 -328 -296 +357 | [ -363]| -231 +185 +311 +279
28 || -224 +182 +174 +264 |[ -307]| -256 +385 -423 +233 264 +295 -281
29 || [ -259]| -176 -261 +241 -298 +399 +331 -262 | [ -202]| -220 277
30 || -217 -224 |[ -260]|} -277 -334 | [ -386]} -320 -418 -198 +283 +258
31 +286 :299 +308 | +365 -390 -196 [ -220]
1 | i] ia ae ee | =
Mean || 0-220 | 0-184 | 0-223 | 0-253 | 0-281 | 0-320 | 0-387 | 0-409 | 0-382 | 0.245 | 0-238 | 0-280
| |

The quantities in Table IX. have been deduced from Tables I. and VII. by means of Dr Apsoun’s for-
mula, taken approximately, namely (Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 1840),

a = x — the temperature of evaporation being above 32°

RR: Wo

=P — 96 * 30-0"
Where ” is the tension of aqueous vapour in the air, given in the previous Table; /’, the tension of aqueous
vapour, the air being saturated at the temperature of evaporation; d, the difference between the temperatures
of the air and of evaporation; 29-7, the mean barometric pressure. The values of f’ were obtained from
the Table, page xl., Introduction to the Greenwich Observations, 1842. The errors for the monthly or hourly
means, from the use of the approximate formula, are small, the greatest error is probably under 0:003 in. The
errors of the daily means will be due chiefly to the want of the three two-hourly observations.

The Annual Variation of the Pressure of Aqueous Vapour follows the same march as the temperature of
the air. The greatest monthly mean is that for August, and the least that for February; the former being
0°409 in., the latter beg 0-184 in., and the annual range of the monthly means 0-225 in. The means for
the mean meteorological seasons, and the meteorological seasons for the year 1843, are—

a acc cpiisinbec oo Mawes cenadveniss suns bster below 32°

Spring, Mar., Apr., May, 0-252 Apr., May, June, 0°285
. Summer, June, July, Aug., 0°372 July, Aug., Sept., 0°393
Autumn, Sept., Oct., Nov., 0°288 Oct., Nov., Dec., 0°254
Winter, Dec., Jan., Feb., 0°228 Jan., Feb., Mar., 0:209

The year 1848, 0:283 inch.

PRESSURE OF AQUEOUS VAPOUR.

271

TABLE X.—Pressure of Aqueous Vapour, considered in relation to the Moon’s Age and Declination.

Mean

Pressure.

No. of
Daily
Means.

Mean

Pressure.

After
Moon
farthest
North.

D:

No. of
Daily
Means.

Mean

Pressure.

After
Moon
farthest
North.

Day.

Mean

Pressure.

14

ONIAMMBwWMOrH OF

This Table has been formed from Table IX. in the manner already indicated, Table II. of the Abstracts
of the Magnetical Observations, excepting that no means for the Sundays were employed.

Pressure of Aqueous Vapour with reference to the Moon’s Age.—From the above, and the following means
of groups, there seems to be a maximum of pressure about three days after the time of full moon, and a mini-

mum about three days after the time of new moon.

im. in.
12 days till 18 eye, Full Moon, 0-296 a days till 3 Ene New Moon, 0-284
NS pasar 22 OPS eee Ont cs 7 0-281
1 ese 26 0-295 4 sande 1d gett 0-289
DBA tariecs 29 0-292 cS) apBe 14... 0:290

Pressure of Aqueous Vapour with reference to the Moon's Declination.—The means in the above Table
seem very irregular, The projected quantities shew four maximum peaks, which occur at intervals of seven
days, namely, on the 2d, 9th, 16th, and 28d days after the Moon has its greatest north declination ; but these
may be at once traced to the less number of observations from which the means are deduced for these days,
and this due to the want of means for the Boneei The means of groups are as follow :—

Ee days till ~~ Moon farthest North, 0- 279 11 days till 17 a Moon farthest South, 0- 302

Bish oe 0:273 ake Gat 20 0-298
: ate te “A 0:279 TBMVe hy... 24 0-299
ths aR. 13 0-298 21 bie. aS: 27 0°295

These means shew the minimum about three days after the Moon has its greatest north declination, and
the maximum about three days after it has its greatest south declination.

Extreme Daily Mean Pressures of Aqueous Vapour and the Ranges.

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June, July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in.
Greatest, 0-342 0-259 0-304 0-322 0-359 0-365 0-489 0-541 0-529 0-417 0-311 0-331
Least, 0-154 0-107 0-157 0-150 0-217 0-253 0-308 0-320 0-229 0-167 0-174 0-191
Range, 0-188 0-152 0-147 0-172 0-142 0-112 0-181 0-221 0-300 0-250 0-137 0-140
The greatest daily mean in the year is that for August 17, being 0°541 in.
Mb e eas tine tey: adnan vases Seber nipyeaedetaoleabieye February 18, beng. : 07107 ...
The greatest range of the daily means in any month is that for September, being 0°300 ...
Mihewlensiy Rass a3 nds’. Bits ttrcceh atone Gas abdwe oh MAM aatoamimebnatelaniaoes 8 June, being 0-112) 5.
E 0-434 ...

The range of the daily means for the whole year 1843, is

bo
~I
bo

ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

TABLE XI.—Hourly Means of the Pressure of Aqueous Vapour for each Month, as deduced from
Tables III. and VIIL., with the Means for the Quarters and Year 1843.

Period. 184, 202. 22h. Ob, 2h. 4h, 6h, | 8h, 10%, Mean. || Range.
I} |
P na ; : F : 5 er ; |
im.) |. an. in. in. in. in. in, | in in. in. in.

January | 0-212 | 0-213 | 0-210 | 0-214 | 0-219 | 0-221 | 0-222 | 0-211 | 0-208 | 0-213 || 0-014
February -178 | -177 | -176| -180 | -184 | -185 | -183 | -179 | -183 |) -180 || -009
March -201 | -207 | -221 | -236 | -239 | -2385 | -231 | -223 | -218 || -220 ‘038
April -231 | -248 | -263 | -260 | -265 | -261 | -259 | -256 | -244 || -250 || -034
May | .264 | -280 | -287 | -292 | -289 | -293 | -285 | -284| .279,| -281 -029
June -308 | -317 | -321 | -322| -336 | -332 | -333 | -318 | -312 | -319 || -028
July -364 | -393 | -398 | -404 | -407 |] -395 | -403 | -392 | -378 || -387 || -043
August +355 | -392 | -423 | -444 | -443 | -435 | -437 | -433 | -415 ‘411 ) -089
September -324 | -360 | -396 | -414] -417] -405 | -414! -402 | -380 -381 || -093
October | -233 | -241 | -251 | -264| -258 | -259 | -252 | -243 | -237 || .245 | -031
November | -230 | -235 | -239 | -242 | -249 | -239 | -232 | -232 | -229 | -235 || -020
December .273 | -273 | -275 | -288 | -289| -285 | -277| -273 | -273 || 277 || 016
Spring -232 | -245 | -257 | -263 | -264| -263 | -258 | -254]| -247 || .250 || -032
Summer +342 | -367 | -381 | -390 | -395 | -387 | -391 | -381 | -368 || -372 || -053
Autumn -262 | -279 | -295 | -307 | -308 | -301 | -299/| -292]| .282 || .287 || -046
Winter +221 | -221 | -221 | -228 | -231 | -230 | -228 | -221 222 || -227 || -010
The Year 264 | -278 | -288 | -296 | -299 | .295 | -294 | .287 | -279 || -283 || -035

The previous Table has been formed from Tables III, and VIII. by means of the formula given after
Table IX.

The Diurnal Variation of the Pressure of Aqueous Vapour also follows somewhat nearly the march of
temperature of the air; there are, however, some apparent irregularities in the progression of the former that
neither appear in the latter nor in that of the temperature of evaporation. In January, the maximum of pres-
sure occurs about 4 p.m., in February, about 3 p.m., while, in the other months, it occurs nearer 1 p.m. than
any other hour. In some of the months there are one or more secondary minima ; some of these are so marked
as to render it probable that they are not accidental. In the month of April, a secondary minimum occurs
about 11 a.m.; in May and October, about 1 p.m. ; and in June, July, August, and September, about 3 p.m. ; the
maxima occurring about two hours before and after the minima. The minima are most distinctly marked in
July, August, and September. The occurrence of minima, as here indicated, is, perhaps, what might have been
expected from the non-coincidence of the periods of maxima for the temperature of the air and the temperature
of evaporation, Thus, taking the most marked case, the month of August, the temperature of the air and the
temperature of evaporation go on increasing together till a little after 1 p.m. ; the temperature of evaporation then
commences falling ; the temperature of the air, however, increases for nearly three-quarters of an hour after
this. The increasing pressure of aqueous vapour will, therefore, evidently receive a sudden check at the time
of the maximum temperature of evaporation, and it will diminish rapidly while the temperature of the air and
of evaporation are moving in opposite directions. When, however, the temperature of the air commences falling
also, the pressure of vapour will diminish less rapidly, until the falling temperature of the air makes up for its
lost time and gains ground on the falling temperature of evaporation, thus producing a second maximum of pres-
sure ; after this they diminish together, according to nearly the same law as they increased in the morning. The
occurrence of the maximum temperature of evaporation later than that of the air will evidently produce a
minimum before the temperature of evaporation attains its maximum.*

* The afternoon secondary maximum and minimum seemed to me, at first, due to a local cause, namely, the action of the sun on
the soil near the thermometers when it approaches the prime vertical, producing in this way an abnormal state of the atmosphere
near the thermometers. I have, however, been induced to reject this hypothesis for the following reasons :—With a similar amount
of sunshine, a similar action should be visible in the morning, but there is none visible; the effect should be most distinct near mid-
summer, whereas it is most evident in August and September; it should be as well marked in March, April, and May, but it is not
evident at all in these months. The comparative amounts of sunshine for the year 1843 can only be estimated from the observed
surface of cloud, and this differs little before 7 a.m. and after 5 p.M., but it is evident that the quantity of vapour may be connected
with the surface of cloud by other than local. considerations, as will be seen on examination of the tables for the surface of cloud.
Finally, the minimum occurs at 1" p.m. in May and October, and at 11" a.m. in April, when the cause supposed could not operate.

RELATIVE Humipiry. 273

The periods of maxima for the four meteorological seasons are as follow :—
Spring, 12 10™ p.m. Makerstoun mean time.
Summer, 12 0™ pm. See ae bah

Autumn, (0! 45M pir: .csccceneavciees oes cencae
Winter, PNG ata NR Rcccsccicce seuateecseniee
The Year, PaO Pasar ad coe letectedvidc meth amreaeinas

A secondary minimum occurs in Summer at 3" 40™ p.m, and a secondary maximum about 5" p.m. There
is a marked inflection in the curve for Autumn at 3°10™ p.m. In the mean for the whole year, the secondary
minimum probably occurs about 4" p.m., the secondary maximum about 5" p.m,

The periods of maxima and minima for the four astronomical seasons are—

Spring, principal max., 1" 40™ p.m.

Summer, vsecreee 12 20™ p.m. Secondary min., 4" 10™ p.m. Secondary max., 54 O™ p.m.

Autumn, agnidesacarseees QE ODN OOns «ee «© 40m pw, Seecsdseccsnces, 5H J Qm P.M.

Winter, decrenk anesavious Wil WII()PL pan’

The mean pressure of aqueous vapour for the year occurs at 8" 10™ a.m.
Schad ba C pao Set cRbeCnceH ook: Pen EE Ee ae REee pavslsn se aeeuhdguecste) POn OM care

The interval between the periods is, . : ; 2) Ze Om;

Range of the Diurnal Variation of the Pressure of Aqueous Vapour.—tThe range is inexact for the sum-
mer months; it is here, however, as evident, as in the previous cases of temperature, that the range is less in
the summer months than in the months immediately preceding and succeeding. The greatest range is that for
September, being about 0-100 inch.

TABLE XII.—Mean Relative Humidity for each Civil Day, Week, and Month of 1843,
Saturation being = 1.

Oct.

[0-825]
-763
842
848
821
876
831
899]
911
975
978
774
+784
-807
-828]
819
912
874

COAnNauPwnw=

0-852 | 0-873

MAG. AND MET. obs. 1843.

274 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

Table XII. has been formed in the following manner :—/ being the elastic force of vapour, the air being
saturated at the mean temperature ¢ (Table I.), and /” the elastic force of the vapour actually in the air (Table
IX.), then A, the relative humidity in the previous table, is obtained from the formula,

Sa
ane’.

The values of f were obtained from the tables in the Introduction to the Greenwich Observations, 1842.

Annual Variation of Humidity.—This has not the same period as the temperature of the air or the pres-
sure of aqueous vapour; the minimum occurs in June, and the maximum in Winter; in the beginning of the
year February is a maximum, and in the end of the year November is the maximum. The following are the
means for three different classes of seasons, viz. :—

The mean meteorological seasons, for which June, July, and August, constitute summer.
The meteorological seasons for the year 1843, for which July, August, September, constitute summer.
The astronomical seasons, for which May, June, July, constitute summer.

Seasons. Mean Meteorological. Meteorological for 1843. Astronomical.

Spring, 0°833 0-816 0-843

Summer, 0°824 0-836 0-823

Autumn, 0-867 0-881 0°849

Winter, 0868 0:860 0-878
The year 1843, 0°848.

For the year 1843, the most regular group is that of the astronomical seasons. The greatest range of
the means is that for the meteorological seasons of 18438, being 0-065 ; that for the astronomical group being
0-055, and that for the mean meteorological seasons being 0:044. The range of the monthly means is 0-104.

Extremes of the Daily Means, and the Ranges for each Month.

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Noy. Dec.
Greatest, 0:935 0-985 0-929 0-913 0-991 0-973 0-935 0-952 0-956 0-978 0-992 0.965
Least, 0-687 0-749 0-757 0-698 0-726 0-676 0-709 0-759 0-654 0-763 0-769 0-759
Range, 0-248 0-236 0-172 0-215 0-265 0-297 0-226 0-193 0-302 0-215 0-223 0.206

November 10th was the most humid day, and September 26th the least humid day in the year, the ratio
to saturation for the former being 0-992, and for the latter 0-654, The total range of the daily means for the
year 1843 is therefore 0-338. The greatest monthly range of the daily means is that for September, being
0-302, and least monthly range is that for March, being 0-172.

TABLE XIII.—Relative Humidity, Saturation being = 1, with reference to the Moon’s Age
and Declination.

Moon’s| ‘Seite | Humiaity.| 3000’ | “aea” | idit Hoon deily, | Humiast itn ‘Aeily, | Himiaie
1 umiudity. AL = a umidity,. al. umidity.
Age. meee, y Age. M gel ume: ll farthest ae Y°| farthest fate y
North. North.
9 0-843 0 12 0-833 0 11 0-852 11
11 +854 1 10 +844 iL 12 +829
10 -873 2 11 +847 2 9 -863
11 -870 3 9 -841 3 11 +839
10 *858 4 il +846 4 12 -848
9 +853 5 10 +848 5 11 +835
12 *849 6 9 +830 6 12 +857
9 +855 7 12 -850 7 ll +856
11 -880 8 10 +872 8 12 -831
10 *862 9 11 -860 9 9 +826
il 851 10 9 +853 10 11 -810
10 -862 11 1l +852 11 12 861
9 +829 12 10 +819 12 il -860
1l +899 13 9 +823 13 12 ‘861

This Table has been formed from Table XII. in the manner already referred to, Table X.

RELATIVE HumIpDITy. 275

Humidity with reference to the Moon’s Age.—The following means of groups indicate a minimum of hu-
midity about four days before full Moon, and a maximum about four days before new Moon.

12 days till 18 days, Full Moon, 0:845 27 days till 8 days, New Moon, 0:851
NOs ha. Di ies «is 0-857 Ores onthed Me waits 0:842
Oger pr Bes we 0°859 As esac ee 0-851
PB VME RAE 20) Sew 0-864 Bin iiisah 14... 0°844

Humidity with reference to the Moon’s Declination—The following means of groups indicate a maximum
of humidity about four days before the Moon attains its greatest north declination, and a minimum about four
days before it attains its greatest south declination.

25 days till 3 days, Moon farthest North, 0-847 11 days till 17 days, Moon farthest South, 0-849

Oeeecshees 6 0°846 TA eth ches 20) 0°842
es Bape LO 2 0-838 Se eee 2 0°857
Cetera Vie 0-844 OO tec csae PM a 0-861

TABLE XIV.—Hourly Means of the Relative Humidity for each Month and Quarter in 1843,
Saturation being = 1.

Period.

January
February
March
April
May

June

July
August
September
October
November
December

Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter

The Year

Table XIV. has been formed from Tables III. and VIII. by means of the formula given after Table XII.

Diurnal Variation of the Relative Humidity—The maximum humidity occurs between 9 p.m. and 5 a.m.
The minimum occurs as early as 108 30™ a.m. in December, and as late as 2" 30™ in March and September.
The progression is regular in each month, with the exceptions of June and December; a secondary maximum
occurs in the former at 1" 10™ p.m., and in the latter at 11" 10™ a.m., the minima occurring two hours before
and after. The following are the periods of minima for the four meteorological seasons, and also for the four
astronomical seasons :—

Meteorological Seasons. Astronomical Seasons.
Spring, 15 40™ p.m. Spring, 25 O™ p.m. Makerstoun mean time.
Summer, 25 30™ p.m. Summeryel2) 252 par, (08. eccteecs esse sc0e
Autumn, 24 10™ p.m. (Aritimn: (2262 0 aMiprar.) ecaen eaeeeereeee cease.
Winter, 0? 30™ p.m. Winter) 02 "b0™ eM. Sirs occ tesscieaesseevecs

The year, 1% 50™.

276 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

From the periods for the four astronomical seasons, it is evident that the minimum humidity occurs earlier
in Summer than in the preceding and succeeding quarters, For the astronomical seasons, the minimum hu-
midity occurs after the maximum temperature of the air in Spring and Autumn, while it occurs before the
maximum temperature in Summer and Winter. In the mean for the year, the minimum humidity occurs
about 20™ after the maximum temperature, and about 50™ after the maximum pressure of aqueous vapour.
The secondary maxima and minima, shewn in some of the monthly means for the pressure of aqueous vapour,
have no counterparts in the means for the humidity.

The ascending or forenoon branches of the diurnal curves of temperature and pressure of aqueous vapour
exhibit more rapid changes than the afternoon or descending branch ; while, for the humidity, the afternoon or
ascending branch has the most rapid variations. In the mean for the- year, however, the variation is but slightly
more rapid i in the afternoon than in the forenoon branch. These remarks have reference to the portion of the
diurnal curve included in the limits of the observations for 1843, viz., 5 a.m. till 9 p.m.

The mean pee for the ca occurs at A 28™ a.m.
SA Shooderaccooce SD AEA 40™ p.m,

The interval between these periods is, 10" 12™

Diurnal Range of Humicdity—The diurnal ranges, as far as can be judged from Table XIV., are some-
what less in the summer months than in the months immediately preceding or succeeding them.

TABLE XV.—Daily, Weekly, and Monthly Means of the Height of the Barometer in 1843.

Feb. March. il. May. June. July. o = . Nov.

in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in.
29-256 | 29-630 ‘ 30-184 | 29.335 | 29.558 Fi 30-059 |[29-677]| 29-515
29-093 | 29-881 : 30-070 | 29-055 |[ 29-530) : 30-078 | 29-700 | 29-645
28-914 | 30-015 . 29-717 | 26-189 | 29-471 : [30-060] 29-780 | 29-358
29-469 | 30-108 : 29-399 |[29-400)| 29-661 : 30-075 | 29-767 | 29-328
[29-559 )|[30-008) “ 29-270 | 29-682 | 29.458 . 30-146 | 29-684 |[29-385]
29-856 | 29-929 : 29-272 | 29-693 | 29-379 |[29- 30-046 | 29-204 | 29-424
30-026 | 29.991 050 |[29-544)) 29-449 | 29-579 826 | 30-042 | 29-056 | 29.232
]| 29-997 | 30-125 : 29-585 | 28-848 | 29-695 Be 30-032 |[29-295]) 29-325
29-987 | 30-098 -429)| 29-756 | 28-838 |[29-734) : 29-962 | 29.337 | 29-585
29-978 | 29-806 . 29-982 | 29-429 | 29-864 | 29-926 |[29-997]| 29.537 | 29-323
30-007 | 29-847 | 29.7 29-976 |[29-502]| 29-999 | 29- 29-823 | 28-952 | 29-838
[29-757 ]|[29-623} 29-62 29-796 | 29-983 | 29-891 p 30-111 | 29-060 |[29-770]
29.777 | 29-218 ‘ 29-498 | 29-956 | 29-841 : 30-011 | 29-290 | 29-957
29-550 29-196 | 29-473 |[29-614]} 29-961 | 29-805 : 29-788 | 29-544 | 30-080
]} 29-242 | 29.572 | Qe. 29-401 | 29-975 | 29-739 “Be 29-746 |[29-409]) 29-836
29-107 | 29-722 . 29-397 | 29-916 |[29-699) : 29-781 | 29-368 | 29-800
29-420 | 29.520 . 29-618 | 29-884 | 29-848 : [29-837]| 29.371 | 29-384
29-550 | 29-665 | 29.7 29-830 |(29-877 || 29-506 -875 | 29-818 | 29-824 | 29.073
[29-340]|[29-473]] 29-679 | 29-856 | 29-839 | 29.454 | 29. 30-044 | 30-105 |[29-226]
29-327 | 29-550 B 29-749 | 29-911 | 29-317 |(29-567]) 29-844 | 29.803 | 29.094
| 29-325 | 29-219 | 29. |[29-690)| 29-738 | 29-360 | 29- 29-924 | 29.602 | 29.042
| 29-310 | 29-163 +04 29-555 | 29-809 | 29-362 | 29- 30-238 |[29.564] 28-963
| 29-390 | 29-250 |[29-4 | 29-601 | 29-852 |[29-601] . 30-323 | 29-503 | 29-192
29-551 | 29-594 | 29-775 | 29-549 | 29.862 | 29-793 | 29-5 (30:015]}) 29-240 | 29.343
| 29-570 | 29-860 | 29-270 | 29-320 [29-736] 29-938 3) 30-100 | 29-129 | 29.395
[29-397 ]|[29.683]] 29. 29-243 | 29-742 | 29-839 29-900 | 29-257 |[ 29-438]
29-027 | 29-800 | 29- | 29-141 | 29-627 | 29-725 | 29-603 29-280 | 29-087
| 29-216 | 29.774 | 29. [29-456]| 29-525 | 29-678 | 29-638 | 28-586 | 29.643
{29-340} 29-822 | 29- | 29-710 | 29-525 | 29-237 | 2 29-679 |[29-192]) 29-967
29-218 29-436 |(29-751]) 29-776 | 29-506 |[29-495]| 29- 29-500 | 29.256 | 29-909
28-316 29-063 29-546 29-564 . 29-259

WCOANOUPRWN

et. _ \ 9 ea a me = ——— =
29-358 -498 | 29-661 | 29-488 | 29-622 | 29-620 | 29-637 H 29-935 | 29.404 | 29-475 | 29-963

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. 277

The daily means in this Table have been obtained from the nine daily observations in the following man-
ner :—If § be the sum of the nine observations from 18» till 10", 18 be the height at 18", 10, the height at
105 preceding the 18", and 10, the height at 10 succeeding the 18%, then the daily means for the Mondays
were obtained from the formula,

2x 18+8 +10,
12

and for the other days of the week from the formula,
10,4 181+ 8 4-410)
12
It was found, from other observations, that means thus obtained differed very little from the truth.
Annual Variation of Atmospheric Pressure.—The lowest monthly mean pressure is that for January,
being 29-358 in.; the highest monthly mean pressure is that for December, being 29:963 in. ; the range of
the monthly means is therefore 0605 in. The following are the mean pressures for three different classes of
seasons, Viz. :—
The mean meteorological seasons, for which June, July, and August constitute summer.
The meteorological seasons of 1843, for which July, August, and September constitute summer.
The astronomical seasons, for which May, June, and July constitute summer.

Seasons. Mean Meteorological. Meteorological for 1843, Astronomical.
in. in. in.
Spring, . . 29°590 29-577 29549
Summer, . 4 638 “743 *626
Autumn, . . -605 614 *665
Winter, : 2 606 -606 699
Range of Means, . 0:048 0:237 0-116

The second group is the most marked ; it indicates the maximum pressure in the warmest quarter of 1843,
and the minimum in the coldest quarter.

in.
The mean pressure for the year = 29°610.

TABLE XVI.—Height of the Barometer, with reference to the Moon’s Age and Declination
for 1843.

5 . After a After
Number | Height | yyoon7, | Number} Height || yyoon Height iaan

of of of ] of
Age. } farth
Barometer.) ~“5° Barometer. aes | . |Barometer.| — ae

in. 5 in.
29-732 0 29-611
+593 485
-653 +559
-702 572
‘751 -480
723 +493
674 -580
-698 -640
+582 -688
-622 -606
-685 713
-560 671
-628 672
+553 -664
-623 +658

1]
WCHONIAMNHRwWWR OF

This Table has been formed from Table XV. in the manner already referred to, Table X.

MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. 4a

278 ABSTRACTS OF THE MakERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

Atmospheric Pressure with reference to the Moon’s Age.—From the means in the Table, and the following
means of groups, it is distinctly evident that a maximum of pressure occurs about two days after full Moon,
and a minimum of pressure about two days after new Moon; the same result has been obtained, Table X., for
that portion of the atmospheric pressure due to the aqueous vapour. :

12 days till 18 ae Full Moon, 29°668 days till 3 ane New Moon, 29-576
Ma soacaee 22 ‘GO ao F een nse. 7 “552
LOW DATs rb. 662 4 ane Tlie 609
QS) Msecuss DON cite 608 8 cece Ld iz. 668

Atmospheric Pressure with reference to the Moon’s Declination.—The means in the previous Table, and in
the following means of groups, indicate two maxima and two minima, The principal maximum occurs about
two days before the Moon is on the equator moving northwards; the two minima are nearly equal, the one
oceurring when the Moon is farthest north, the other about two days before it is farthest south ; the secondary
maximum occurs about one day before the Moon is on the equator moving southwards,

25 days till 3 cat Moon farthest North, 29:584 11 days till 17 aid Moon farthest South, 29-599

Q) rere 6 605 140k 20 684
ac LORI: 640 180 e.2 oe Te 669
Womanceset Sma. ‘579 De tANS.8 Bh v5. 625

TABLE XVII.—Diurnal Range of the Barometer for each Civil Day, with the Weekly and
Monthly Means for 1843.

Mean

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. 279

The diurnal ranges have been obtained, in the first week in January, by taking the differences of the highest
and lowest readings included between the first observation on the civil day and the first observation of the next
civil day ; the range for the 7th (Saturday) was obtained by including the last observation on the 6th. For
the remainder of the year, the range for Mondays was obtained by including the first observations of Tuesday,
and the range for the other days of the week by including the last observations of the previous days.

Mean of the Diurnal Ranges of the Atmospheric Pressure.—The diurnal ranges are least in May, the mean
for that month being 0-151 in., and greatest in November, the mean being 0°355 in. The following are means
for the three classes of groups, namely,

The mean meteorological seasons, for which June, July, and August constitute summer.
The meteorological seasons for the year 1843, for which July, August, and September constitute summer.
The astronomical seasons, for which May, June, and July constitute summer.

Seasons. Mean Meteorological. Meteorological for 1843. Astronomical.
Spring, . . 0-197 0:185 0:207
Summer, s x 176 175 “177
Autumn, : : 268 282 205
Winter, c ; 248 "243 301
Range of Means, . 0-092 0-107 0-130

The diurnal ranges are least for Summer of all the groups, and greatest for Autumn in the two meteoro-
logical groups, but greatest for Winter of the astronomical group. ‘The latter group seems the most distinct,
the difference of the means is also greatest for it.

The mean of all the diurnal ranges for the year 1843 = 0-221 inch.

TABLE XVIII.—Hourly Means of the Height of the Barometer for each Month and Quarter
of 1843.

Period. 18%, 6, 8h, 10», || Mean |! Range.
Pressure. | ‘2
in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. | in.
January 29-333 | 29-353 | 29-363 | 29-365 | 29-353 | 29-357 | 29-358 | 29-367 | 29-374 | 29-357 | 0-041
February 474 -482 “501 “511 498 493 501 “O15 -520 -499 || -046
March 647 -662 -669 -670 -662 -656 -658 -670 -672 || -662 | -025
April -480 484 -486 -484 477 -472 477 494 -507 487 || -035
May -633 -636 “634 -628 ‘619 -606 -098 -607 -610 -620 || -038
June -614 621 -624 -627 -624 -616 -608 -613 +622 “619 || -019
July -64] ‘641 -641 642 +633 -629 +622 +627 -632 -635 -020
August +662 669 -668 -660 +652 -641 635 “645 -657 | -656 -034
September -926 -941 949 -944 933 -926 -926 +935 -941 -935 | -023
October -402 414 419 -415 407 +394 -389 391 -391 -401 -030
November -431 -441 -460 -470 476 -481 -493 -499 -503 471 || .072
December -962 -962 -975 ‘977 +959 +953 ‘956 +957 ‘961 -962 -024
|
Spring -587 +594 596 “594 -586 | ‘578 -578 590 -596 -590 -018
Summer +639 -644 -644 -643 ‘636 -629 +622 -628 ‘637 -637 || -022
Autumn 586 -599 -609 610 ‘605 | -600 -603 -608 -612 -602 -026
Winter -590 -599 -613 -618 -603 -601 -605 613 -618 -606 || -028
| |
The Year -600 -609 -616 ‘616 -608 -602 -602 -610 -616 -609 -016
t

280 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

that month ; no observations having been made at 18" in the second week, a correction was applied to the
mean for that hour of —0°327 in., obtained from Table XV. as follows :—

{Mean pressure, Jan. 9—31, = 29-271 in. minus mean pressure, Jan. 16—31, = 29-598 in.} = — 0°327 in.

The means were afterwards corrected by + 0-090 in., in order to render the mean for the month from
these means equal to that obtained, Table XV., from all the daily means.

Diurnal Variation of the Atmospheric Pressure.—The means for the majority of the months indicate the
existence of two maxima and two minima; the periods of only one maximum and one minimum can be deter-
mined from the nine observations. The means for the month of November present the greatest departure
from the usual diurnal variation ; in that month the pressure increases continuously from 5 a.m. till 9p.m. The
following are the periods of the maximum and minimum, included in the observations from 5 a.m. till 9 p.w.,
for the mean meteorological and astronomical seasons.

Mean Meteorological Seasons. Astronomical Seasons.
Maximum. Minimum. Maximum. Minimum.
Springse = =) QR A1OM vara 45 10™ p.m. 105 40™ a.m. 35 30™ p.m.
Summer, . . 9" O? am. 5! 10™ p.m. 92 O07 am. 52 Om p.m.
Autumn, . . 10% 207 aa. 3 20™ p.m. 8» 40™ aM. 45 50™ pm.
Winter, . . 10° 50™ am. Qh 40™ p.m. 102 40™ a.m. 2h 0™ p.m.

The maximum seems to occur earliest in the warmest quarter, and the minimum latest in the same
quarter ; the maximum also occurs latest in the coldest quarter, and the minimum earliest in the same quarter.
In the meteorological group, the principal maximum occurs at or after 9° 10™ p.m. for Spring, Autumn, and
Winter, and the principal minimum occurs at or before 5" 10™ a.m. in Autumn and Winter.

In the mean for the year,

The principal minimum occurs at or before 5" 10™ a.a. Makerstoun mean time.

A maximum occurs at : , tO My VOR ACM eigen sie denasesgemewesties
A minimum occurs at : = 5 4D [OMe e an. ceeaesnes eee a
A maximum occurs at or after . : 9» 10™ p.m.

The pressure at 5" 10™ a.m. is very little less than that at 4" 10™ p.m., and the pressure at 9" 10™ p.m.
is exactly the same as at 9" 10™ a.m., and 11> 10™ aM.

The mean pressure for the year oceurs at 7" 10™ a.m.
Be dembicdube och he dosbG 1eupEROconEpaC HONIG O® 54™ p.m.
7 BESOBBECE -nOanASOuE a eIdto So sah saaadeaaep ee 6 54™ p.m.

The interval between the first two periods is 55 44™
gaan ace teedetietons oie eee second two periods is 6" 0™

Range of the Mean Diurnal Variation of Atmospheric Presswre—The greatest diurnal range for any
month is that for November, being 9-072 in.; the least is that for June, being 0°019 in. The diurnal range is
greatest in Winter and least in Summer. The diurnal range of the quarterly means is greatest in Winter
(whatever mode of grouping be adopted); it is least in Spring for the meteorological groups, and least in
Summer of the astronomical group; the result for the latter is therefore the same as already obtained, Table
XVIL., for the mean of the diurnal ranges. The diurnal range of the means for the year 1843 is probably
under 0-020 in., or about one-eleventh part of the mean of the diurnal ranges for the year.

= ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. 92]

TABLE XIX.—Extreme Readings of the Barometer for each Month; Extreme Mean Daily Heights
for each Month ; and Extreme Diurnal Ranges for each Month, together with the Ranges and
Means of the Extremes.

Extreme Readings. Extreme Daily Means. Extreme Diurnal Ranges.

Highest. Lowest. Range.| Mean. Highest. Range. | Mean. Greatest. Least.

F . in. 5 in. in. in. a. in. 5 in. in. : in. i in.
January 30-196 27-837) 2-359 |29-016)| 19 : 5 2-147 |29-095 1-044 2 | 0-060
February 30-063 28-770} 1-293 |29-416|| 7 D 1-112 | 29-470 0-660
March 30-158 28-969| 1-189 |29-563) 8 |30- 5 1-062 |29-594 0-669

April 29-836 8 |28-953/ 0-883 |29-395 . 0-765 |29-408)\; \ 0.509

May 30-200 29-108} 1-092 | 29-654 = 1-043 | 29-662 0-400 |
June 29-996 28-618] 1-378 |29-307 : 1-145 |29.410 0-597 |
July 30-030 29-135] 0-895 |29-582 ; 0-762 |29-618 0-519
August 30-048 29-065] 0-983 |29-556 : 0-892 |29-576 0-510
September |} 2 30-368 29-385] 0-983 |29-876 - 0-823 |29-911 0-412 |
October 30-161 28-415] 1-746 |29-288 E 1-519 |29.345 0-724 |
November 30-165 28-647] 1-518 |29-406 : . 1-117 |29-521 0-655 |
December 30-207 29-462) 0-745 |29-834 * 0-642 |29-866 0-481 |

Extremes of Atmospheric Pressure for 1843.

in. :
Ly ae Ms ad her ‘ in. 1n.
Highest barometer occurred September 224 22 = 30 a Range = 2-581, mean = 29-109.

Lowest s+: s+se0sseeeseeseeeeeeeeee January 134 22 = 27-837
Highest daily mean occurred--- September 234 = 30°323 a ees
Lowest -++---ssseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee January 184 — 28-029 Range = 2°301, mean = 29-172.
Highest monthly mean occurred December = 29-963 iy. i
WGOWESH (c2-=-0cesiactlnv= Js besltesiecs January = anes Range = 0:605, mean = 29-660.
. ‘ in.
The greatest diurnal range of pressure occurred ...............4.. January 94, = 1-044.
SRM CAStitee Meee Rees oR ace sale ce Mekiiondhs sadstalbinsstees velsivas cobs June 124, = 0:021.
j The greatest range of pressure for a month occurred ......... ».. January 1384—192, = 2°359.
} Mheilenst HA epeeeeee el saat hens iSslideda ve seesesetne Be SCAR AEROEEE December, = 0-745.
The greatest range of mean daily pressure for a month occurred January 134—194, = 2-147.
ewe stam. <eenReRe eee otal stele cert aene Soamwan natin smceteaitne December, = 0642.

The mean of the highest and lowest readings in the year is 0:507 in. less than the mean for the year; the
mean of the highest and lowest daily means is 0°437 in. less than the mean for the year. If we compare
similarly the means of the highest and lowest readings and daily means in each month with the monthly means,
we obtain the following results :—

eae

Monthly Means minus Mean of Highest and Lowest Readings in each Month.
Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

in. in. in. in, in. in. in. in. in. in, in. in.
+0°341 40-083 +0:099 +0°092 —0:034 +0°312 +0-053 +0:100 +0:059 +0113 +0-065 +0-128
Monthly Means minus Mean of Highest and Lowest Daily Means in each Month.
Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
in. in. in. in. in. in, in. in. in. in. in. in.
+0262 +0:029 +0-068 +0:079 —0:042 +0:209 +0:017 +0:080 +0:024 +0:056 —0-050 +0-096

MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. 4B

282 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

The monthly means exceed the means of the highest and lowest readings in each month excepting May,
the mean of the twelve monthly maxima and minima being 0-118 in, less than the mean for the year.

The monthly means exceed the means of the highest and lowest daily means in each month with the ex-
ceptions of May and November; the mean of the twelve monthly maxima and minima of daily means being
0-069 in. less than the mean for the year.*

TABLE XX.—Daily, Weekly, and Monthly Means of the Pressure of the Dry Air in 1843.

Civil | Jan. Feb. March. | April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

] in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in.
1 |Leereeee J) 29-035 | 29-468 | 28-704 | 29-920 | 29-009 | 29-184 | 29.102 | 29-576 |[29-353]} 29.322 | 29-712
2 29-747 | 28-910 | 29-714 |[25-968]| 29-814 | 28-700 [29-159]) 28-854 | 29-549 | 29-400 | 29-409 | 29-640
3 29-710 | 28-748 | 29-849 | 29-097 | 29.436 | 28-911 | 29-067 | 28-716 |[29-637]| 29-443 | 29-126 |[29-577]
4 29-263 | 29-296 | 29-951 | 28-906 | 29-113 |[29-094]) 29-315 | 28-773 | 29-756 | 29-371 | 29-032 | 29-624
5 || 29-440 |[29-359]|[29-824]] 29-129 | 29-045 | 29-429 | 28-987 | 29-080 | 29-808 | 29-298 |[ 29-140) 29-277
6 29.502 | 29-678 | 29-685 | 29-049 | 29-025 | 29-392 | 28-983 |[29-132]| 29-565 | 28-787 | 29-144 | 29-583
7 | 29.072 | 29-785 | 29-781 | 28-783 |[29-286]| 29-127 | 29-195 | 29-403 | 29-676 | 28-697 | 28-982 | 29-368
8 ||[28-917]| 29-738 | 29-962 | 28-904 | 29-328 | 28-515 | 29-300 | 29-340 | 29-638 |[28-964]| 29-148 | 29-607
9 28-763 | 29-792 | 29.914 |[29.224]| 29-478 | 28-504 |[29-347]| 29-482 | 29-543 | 29.062 | 29.411 | 29-689
10 28-266 | 29-800 | 29-596 | 29-528 | 29-727 | 29-107 | 29-480 | 29-565 \[29-574]) 29-262 | 29-078 |[29-650]
11 28-458 | 29-830 | 29-589 | 29-612 | 29-711 |[29-175]] 29-648 | 29-567 | 29-319 | 28-680 | 29-557 | 29-656
12 28-528 |[29-593]|[29-413]| 29-465 | 29.495 | 29-687 | 29-477 | 29-569 | 29-618 | 28-858 |[29-543]| 29-820
13 27-820 | 29-605 | 29-012 | 29-528 | 29-141 | 29-644 | 29-410 |[29-488]| 29-646 | 29-112 | 29-716 | 29-757
14 28-233 | 29-416 | 28-995 | 29-185 |[29-320]| 29-596 | 29-412 | 29-492 | 29-403 | 29-360 | 29-883 | 29-657
15 ||[28-847]| 29-117 | 29-373 | 29-463 | 29-101 | 29-621 | 29-341 | 29-372 | 29-309 |[29.223]) 29-612 | 29.562
16 29-261 | 28-972 | 29-497 |[29-423]| 29-103 | 29-583 |[29-303]| 29-357 | 29-363 | 29-201 | 29-588 | 29-837
17 29-548 | 29-277 | 29-236 | 29-487 | 29-369 | 29-557 | 29-440 | 29.349 |[29-429]| 29-164 | 29-111 |[29-754]
18 29-692 | 29.443 | 29-368 | 29-511 | 29-602 |[29-544]| 29-105 | 29.374 | 29-390 | 29-644 | 28-858 | 29-902
19 29-875 |[29-174]|[29-198]| 29-362 | 29-639 | 29-536 | 29-109 | 29-150 29-702 | 29-928 |[28-983]| 29-874
20 29-776 | 29-160 | 29-301 | 29-248 | 29-489 | 29-588 | 28-975 |[29-136]| 29-406 | 29-518 | 28-848 | 29.694
21 29-556 | 29-107 | 28-925 | 29-241 |[29-417]) 29-377 | 29-023 | 29.268 | 29-532 | 29-331 | 28-771 | 29-776
22 [29-475] 29-082 | 28-859 | 29-233 | 29-251 | 29-490 | 28-965 | 28-747 | 29-882 |[29-319]| 28-724 | 29-476
23 || 29-292 | 29-167 | 28-947 |[29-230]| 29-277 | 29.492 |[29-226]| 28-931 | 29-943 | 29-214 | 28-970 | 29-611
24 || 29.084 | 29-328 | 29.333 29.537 | 29-243 | 29-514 | 29-485 | 29-167 |[29-703], 29-002 | 29-157 |[29-720]
25 || 29.265 | 29-374 | 29-637 | 29-031 | 28-989 |[29-419]) 29-559 | 29-137 | 29-818 | 28-921 | 29-209 | 29-805
26 29-353 |[29-2031/[29-463]| 29-091 | 28-884 | 29-420 | 29.350 | 29-236 | 29-671 | 29-078 |[29-201]| 29-808
27 || 29-030 | 28-846 | 29-618 | 29-345 | 28-813 | 29-331 | 29-368 |[29-270]| 29-372 | 29-095 | 28-776 | 29-842
28 || 29.036 | 29-034 | 29-600 | 29-126 |[29-149]| 24-269 | 29-293 | 29-107 | 29-405 | 28-322 | 29-348 | 29-899

29 [29-081] 29-646 | 29-304 | 29-469 | 29-227 | 28-838 | 29-357 | 29.417 |[28-990]| 29-747 | 29-787
30 | 29-001 29-212 |[29-491]| 29-499 | 29-172 |[29-109]) 29-611 | 29-082 | 29-058 | 29-626 | 29-511
31 | 29-030 28-764 29-238 29-199 29-566 29-063 [29-463]

|
=)

Mean || 29-138 | 29-314 | 29-438 | 29-235 | 29-341 | 29-300 | 29.250 | 29-247 | 29.553 | 29-149

29-237 | 29-683

This Table has been formed by subtracting Table IX. from Table XV.

Annual Variation of the Pressure of Dry Air—The pressure of the dry air is least in January, being
29-138 in.; it increases from thence till March, then diminishes in April; after a slight increase in May it
diminishes till August, the pressure being nearly the same in that month as in April ; it then increases con-
siderably in September, and diminishes to a greater extent in October and November; the greatest pressure
oceurs in December, being 29-683 in, The range of the monthly means is therefore 0-545 in. If the pressure
in December be kept out of view, the annual variation for 1848 indicates maxima in the equinoctial months,
and minima near the solstices. The following are the means for the three different groups, namely,

* L have pointed out elsewhere (Transactions of Sections, Report of Brit. Assoc. 1845, p. 15), that the means of the monthly
maxima and minima are probably always less than the mean pressure in certain latitudes (including 50° and 60° north), but that in
other latitudes the reverse is the case. The explanation of this fact will probably be found in the prevalence and excessive pressures
of particular winds.

PRESSURE OF Dry AIR. 283
The mean meteorological seasons, for which June, July, and August constitute summer.
The meteorological seasons for the year 1848, for which July, August, and September constitute summer.
The astronomical seasons, for which May, June, and J uly constitute summer.

Seasons. Mean Meteorological. Meteorological for 1843. Astronomical.
in. in. in.
Spring, . . 29-338 29-299 29-329
Summer, A ‘ *266 -350 “297
Autumn, : : 3138 356 316
Winter, : 5 378 -297 353
Range of Means, . 0-112 0-064 0-056

For the mean meteorological and astronomical seasons, the dry air is greatest in Winter and least in
Summer ; but the meteorological seasons for 1843 give the pressure greatest in Autumn and least in Spring,
and do not shew any distinct connexion between the pressure and temperature. Such a connexion, indeed, is
not perceptible in the monthly means; the high value of the winter means is due to the high pressure in
December, a month, in as far as temperature is concerned, more autumnal than hibernal.

The mean pressure of the dry air for 1843 = 29-324 in.

TABLE XXI.—Hourly Means of the Pressure of Dry Air for each Month and Quarter of 1843.

Period. 22h, Oh,
in. in. in. in. in. in, in. in. in. in. | in.
January 29-121 | 29-140 | 29-153 | 29-151 | 29-134 | 29-136 | 29-136 | 29-156 | 29-166 || 29-144 || 0-045
February +296 +305 +325 331 +314 -308 318 +336 +337 -319 || -041
March +446 455 +448 434 423 421 | -427 447 454 442 || -034
April +249 +236 +223 +224 -212 +211 -218 +238 +263 +237 || -092
May +369 +356 +347 +336 +330 313 +313 +323 “331 -339 || -056
June -306 +304 303 +305 -288 -284 275 295 +310 -300 | -035
July -277 +248 +243 +238 +226 ‘234 | -219 +235 254 -248 || -058
August 307 | -277| -245 | .216| -209| -206| .198| -212) 242 || -245 | .109
September “602 ‘581 553 530 516 521 -512 533 | -561 054 090
October -169 “173 +168 “151 -149 “135 -137 “148 | -154 7156 | -038
November +201 +206 +221 +228 +227 +242 -261 -267 | +274 +236 || -073
December -689 -689 -700 *689 -670 -668 -679 -684 | 688 -685 032
{ |
Spring +355 +349 +339 +331 +322 “315 -320 336 +349 -340 | -040
Summer 297 277 +263 +253 +241 +242 -231 +247 +269 -265 | -066
Autumn +324 -320 314 +303 -297 -299 | -304 -316 +330 315 | -033
Winter +369 +378 +392 +390 +372 371 377 +392 +396 +382 | -027
The Year +336 331 +328 +320 -309 -307 -308 +323 +337 +326 -030
|

This Table has been formed by subtracting Table XI. from Table XVIII.

Diurnal Variation of the Pressure of Dry Air.—An examination of the monthly means will shew that
they may be separated into two classes, namely, months in which two maxima and minima are visible, and
months in which it is probable that only one maximum and minimum occur ; the same division was noticed in
the ease of the total atmospheric pressure. One month, September, which shews a double maximum and
minimum of total pressure, shews only one of each for the dry air. The months in which double maxima and
minima evidently occur are January, February, March, June, November, and December. A secondary and
apparently accidental maximum occurs at 3 P.M. in some months.

On the whole, the Winter months present two and the Summer months only one maximum and minimum ;
this is also evident in the means of groups.

284 ABSTRACTS ‘OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

Mean Meteorological Seasons.

Spring, The maximum between 9" p.m, and 5% a.m. The minimum at 3" 30™ p.m.
ree ries maximum before 5" a.m. A secondary minimum about 2" p.m.
| A secondary maximum about 3" 20™ p.m. The minimum about 5" p.m.
Autumn, The maximum between 9" p.m. and 5° a.m. The minimum about 1" 40™ p.a.
Winter { The maximum after 9% pm. The minimum before 5" a.m.
> | A maximum at 9" 40™ a.m. A minimum at 2" 20™ p.m.

Astronomical Seasons.

Sains rg maximum after 9° pv. A minimum before 5" a.m.
pring, A maximum at 82 10™ a.m. The minimum at 2 40™ p.m.
Summer, The maximum before 5" a.m. The minimum at 45 40™ p.m.
Autumn, The maximum before 5" a.m. The minimum about 4> 20™ p.m.
Winter ee maximum after 9" p.m. The minimum before 5" a.m.
> | A maximum at 9" 40™ am. A minimum at 1 40™ p.m.

The diurnal variation for the year 1843 gives—

The maximum between 9 p.m. and 5 a.m.
The minimum at 3" 20™ p.m.

The division, then, of the total pressure of the atmosphere into two paris, namely, the dry air and aqueous
vapour, indicates only a single maximum and minimum in the diurnal curve for the year (as has been shewn
by M. Dove and Colonel Sasryz). The minimum pressure of dry air takes place nearly two hours after the
maximum temperature. We have still the double maximum and minimum in the Winter months. Why are
both exhibited in the pressure of the dry air in Winter? We have seén that the diurnal range of the aqueous
vapour follows, to some extent, the diurnal range of temperature, and that it is greater im Summer than in
Winter. We have also seen that, for the year 1843, the diurnal variation of the total atmospheric pressure
has a greater range in Winter than in Summer. It scems curious that the diurnal range of total pressure
should diminish when the ranges of its two components increase, and that, when the diurnal ranges of the two
components diminish, the diurnal range of the compound pressure should increase. There is no difficulty in
seeing, even if the theory be at fault, or if the pressure of aqueous vapour be inaccurately determined, that
the comparatively great diurnal range of aqueous vapour pressure for the summer months, and for the year,
will swamp the smaller range of the total pressure, and produce a curve for the dry air, with a single maximum
and minimum, inverse to that for the pressure of aqueous vapour. The fact that, when the diurnal range of
the aqueous vapour pressure is least, namely, in Winter, the diurnal range of the total pressure is greatest,
and the double maximum and minimum most distinctly marked both for the assumed dry air and total pres-
sures, leave this mode of resolution with its original difficulties.

It was pointed out, Table XI., that a secondary maximum and minimum of the pressure of aqueous
vapour occurred in several months about 1", 3", and 5" p.m. No such periods were observed for the humidity
or total atmospheric pressure. Of course, then, in assuming the total pressure to be composed of the pressures
of dry air and of aqueous vapour (as calculated), we may expect to find the dry air accommodating itself to the
calculated vapour pressure. Accordingly, as has been noticed above, secondary minima and maxima of dry
air oceur at the same times as the secondary maxima and minima of aqueous vapour. ‘This does not seem
very probable.

heh ad

oO

PRESSURE OF THE WIND. 28

TABLE XXII.—Extremes of the Mean Daily Pressures of Dry Air, with their Ranges and Means.

Monthly Mean

Highest. Lowest. Ri b
6 ares minus Mean.

fC in. f in. in. in. in.
January | 29-875 27-820 2-055 28-847 + 0-297
February 29-830 28-748 1-082 29-289 +0-030
March 29-962 28-764 1-198 29-364 +0-079
April 29-612 28-704 0-908 29-158 + 0-079

May 29-920 28-813 1-107 29-366 — 0-027
June 29-687 28-504 1-183 29-095 + 0-205
July 29-648 28-838 0-810 29-243 + 0-005
August d 29-611 28-716 0-895 29-163 || +0-082
September | 29-943 29-082 0-861 29-512 + 0-042
October | 29-928 28-322 1-606 29-125 +0-031
November 29-883 28-724 1-159 29-303 — 0-067
December 29-902 29-277 0-625 29-589 + 0-096

This Table has been formed from Table XX,

The highest mean daily pressure of dry air occurred March 8¢ = 29: 962 date eee
Bbietlonyest the Teed) Demmeitans. ttaliase te saute « Jan. 134 = 27:820 } feee Gin eta ee

This mean is 0°433 in. less than the mean for the year.
The mean of the 12 monthly maxima and minima of the daily means is 0-071 in. less than the mean for
the year.

The greatest monthly range of the daily means occurred January 13—19 = 2-055.
Mite Teast erisetbeeneaecee snclensiie tet sacha anette s\- ....-. December = 0°625.

The ranges and means give nearly the same results as have been obtained for the total atmospheric pressure.

TABLE XXIII.—Daily, Weekly, and Monthly Means of the Pressure of Wind in Pounds on the
Square Foot of Surface, deduced from the greatest Pressures occurring between the Two Hourly
Observations.

Nov.

lb. lb.
[0-69] | 0-02
1-27 | 0-01
0:34 | 0-06
0-67 | 1-31
0:37 | [1-08]
1-48 | 1-80
1:35 | 1-66
[0-57] | 1-67
0-11 | 0-40
0-01 | 0-06
0-09 | 0-22
3-42 | [0-37]
1:40 | 0-15
0-41 | 0-32
[1-19] | 1-09
0:12 | 0-25

MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843.

286 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

TABLE XXIII.—Continued.

The means in this Table have been obtained from the daily observations by the following formula :—The
observation at 18" being that of the maximum pressure of wind which has occurred from 10 of the previous
evening (excepting Monday mornings, when it is the maximum pressure which has occurred from about noon
of the previous day), the observation at 18" may be used as the maximum pressure belonging to some one
couple of hours in the previous morning (excepting on Mondays), M being the daily means of ‘the maxima in
the previous Table, S the sum of the nine daily observations, 10, the maximum observed at the 10" preceding
the 18" observation, 10, the maximum obseryed at the 10" succeeding the 18" observation, then

mS +10, #20 + 10,

For Mondays the means have been obtained by the formula

9 4+ 3 x 20 + 10,
12

M =

where S’ is the sum of the eight observations from 20 till 10"; the observation at 18" obviously could not be
used for the daily means on Mondays.
The means of the four daily observations were taken for the daily means in the first week of January.
Annual Variation of the Means of the Maximum Pressures of the Wind.—The greatest monthly mean is
that for January, being 2-02 Jb., and the least is that for September, being 0°321b. The pressure diminishes
from January till March, when there is a minimum, the means for the four months following being greater ; it
increases from September to December, The following are the means for the three groups of seasons, namely,

The mean meteorological seasons, for which June, July, and August constitute summer.
The meteorological seasons for 1843, for which July, August, and September constitute summer.
The astronomical seasons, for which May, June, and July constitute summer.

Seasons. Mean Meteorological. Meteorological for 1843. Astronomical,
Ib. Ib. lb.
Spring, cD ian 0-76 0:96
Summer, ‘ ; 0°58 0°45 0-68
Autumn, 4 ; 0-72 1:08 0°52
Winter, : ‘ 1:62 1:34 1:47
Range of Means, . 1:04 0-89 0:95

The pressure is greatest in the coldest quarter and least in the warmest quarter of 1843.
The mean for the year of the maximum pressures = 0°91 lb.

PRESSURE OF THE WIND. 287

TABLE XXIV.—Daily, Weekly, and Monthly Means of the Pressure of Wind in Pounds on the
Square Foot of Surface, deduced from the greatest Pressures observed within 10™ az the hours
of Observation.

March.

0-03
0-25

0:39

The means in this Table have been obtained from the nine observations by the formula already given,
Table I., for the temperature of the air. The daily means in the first week of January are the means of the
four daily observations.

Annual Variation of the Means of the Maximum Pressures of Wind at the Hours of Observation.—Naming
these pressures the mean pressures, for which they may be taken approximately, we find the same law of varia-
tion as for the maximum pressures. ‘The mean pressure is greatest for January, the mean being 1-29 Ib.; it
diminishes till March, in which there is a minimum, the means for the four months following being greater ;
the least pressures occur in August and September, the mean for the latter being 0°16 lb. ; the pressure then
increases till December. The following are the means for the three groups of seasons :-—

Seasons. Mean Meteorological. Meteorological for 1843. Astronomical.
1b. lb. lb.
Spring, 2 0-40 0°43 0°56
Summer, ; é 0°31 0°23 0:38
Autumn, ; a 0°35 0°54 0°25
Winter, ae “OE 0-83 0.83

"Range of Means, . 0°65 0-60 0-58

288 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

The mean pressure is greatest for the mean meteorological winter, and least for the warmest quarter
of 1843.

The mean pressure for the year 1843 = 0:50 Ib. ;

The monthly means of the mazimum pressures, Table XXIII., bear to the monthly means of the mean
pressures, Table XXIV., the following ratios :—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. August. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1:57 1:66 1:78 1:80 ari 1:80 1:80 2°35 2:00 2-00 2:08 1-98

The mean for the year of the maximum pressures is 1-82 times greater than the mean for the year of the
mean pressures.

TABLE XXV.—Maximum Pressure of Wind in each Civil Day in 1843, with the Monthly Means.

ee

At wanwonhewnkwIIdOHAHanwnascoeo’
Peer esoeoeors
wBHObAWNEA

boaakhorfnnoard

KH AAdDWRhAAAEH
Shee ooo Se

SHOR SHOSHOHP HOP MONYHOHE EHS
SRSP HE wWONNYHSO

NY) Se at It et
SNABDWDOONOK

| Sore
ono

If the maximum pressure observed at 18" on Monday morning was greater than the maximum observed
about noon on Sunday, the former was taken as the maximum for Sunday.

The monthly means of the maximum pressure of wind in each day follow nearly the same law as the
monthly means, Tables XXIII. and XXIV.

PRESSURE OF THE WIND. 289

TABLE XXVI.—Means of the Maximum Pressures of Wind between the Hours of Observation for
each Month and Quarter of 1843.

Period.

January
February
March
April
May

June

July
August
September
October
November
December

Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter

The Year

The observations in the first week of January were not made use of in obtaining the hourly means for that
month in Tables XX VI. and XXVII. No observations haying been made at 18" in the second week, a cor-
rection was applied to the mean for that hour of —0-11 in Table XXVI., and of —0-14 in Table XXVIL.,
obtained from Tables XXIII. and XXIV. as follows :—

{Mean pressure, January 9—31 = 2:21 minus mean pressure, January 16—31 = 2°32} = — 0-11.
Mean pressure, January 9—31 = 1:43 minus mean pressure, January 16—31 = 1:57 = — 0-14.
P ry P y

The means for January in Tables XXVI. and XXVII. are further corrected by —0:15 and — 0-10 re-
spectively, in order to render the means for that month equal to those obtained Tables XXIII. and XXIV.

Diurnal Variation of the Maximum Pressure of Wind.—The means for the months of January, F ebruary,
and December are very irregular, presenting two or three maxima and two or three minima within the nine daily
observations ; in the other months only one maximum is evident, occurring between 11 a.m. and 2 p.m. The
minimum occurs after 9 p.m. and before 7 a.m. The following are the interpolated hours for the maximum for
the mean meteorological and astronomical seasons, obtained on the assumption that the means correspond to
the middle of the interval to which they belong ; for example, that the mean of the maximum pressures occur-
ring betwixt 0* and 2 correspond to 1» :—*

Seasons. Mean Meteorological. Astronomical,
Spring, : : 15 20” p.m. 1 40™ p.m. Makerstoun mean time.
Summer, . } 1+ 10™ p.m. 15 20™ p.m.
Autumn, . A ills al@ ares 11" 30™ a.m.
Winter, 2 0" 10™ p.m. 112 30™ a.m.

The maximum pressures occur latest in the day in Spring, and earliest in Autumn and Winter.

A secondary minimum and maximum occur in Winter of the meteorological group about 2" p.m. and 44 p.m.
respectively, and in Winter of the astronomical group about 4" p.m, and 6" p.m, respectively.

The maximum in the diurnal variation for the year occurs at 02 30™ p.m. ‘he value of the maximum
pressure increases regularly from 8" 10™ a.m. till 0 30™ p.m. at the rate of 0:08 1b. per hour, and it diminishes
from 0" 30™ p.m. till 8 10™ at the same rate.

* This assumption is obviously inexact, as the means of the maximum pressures, while the pressure is increasing, will most pro-
bably belong to nearly the termination of the periods in which they occur, but since, while the pressure is diminishing, they will
probably correspond to nearly the commencement of the periods, the interpolated time of maximum will not be affected by the error
of the hypothesis.

MAG, AND MET. oBs, 1843. 4D

290 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

TABLE XXVII.—Means of the Maximum Pressures of Wind within 10™ a¢ the Hours of
Observation for each Month and Quarter of 1843.

Period.

January
February
March
April

May

June
July
August
September
October
November
December

Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter

The Year

Diurnal Variation of the Mean Pressures of the Wind.—The means for the month of December are ir-
regular, presenting three maxima and three minima within the nine observations ; February, March, October,
and November indicate two maxima and two minima in the twenty-four hours. The maximum pressure occurs,
in general, about 1" p.m. The following are the periods of the maxima for the mean meteorological and
astronomical seasons :—

Seasons. Mean Meteorological. Astronomical.
Spring, : : OF 50™ p.m. 0» 30™ p.m. Makerstoun mean time.
Summer, . ; Qh 50™ pM. 2h 90™ p.m.
Autumn, . . 11 40™.m. 0 40™ p.m.
Winter, ‘ ; 0» 50™ p.m. 11 50™ a.m.

The periods for the astronomical group are the most distinct and regular ; from these the maximum pres-
sure of wind occurs latest in Summer, about an hour after the maximum temperature, and earliest in Winter,
about an hour before the maximum temperature. In Spring and Autumn the maximum pressures occur about
an hour before the maximum temperatures. In Autumn of the mean meteorological group a minimum of
pressure occurs at 7" 10™ a.m. and another at 7 10™ p.m.

In Spring of the astronomical group minima occur at 7" 10™ a.m. and 7" 10™ p.m.
In Autumn a minimum occurs at 7" 10™ a.m.
In Winter a minimum occurs at 5" 10™ p.m., and a maximum at 7" 10™ p.m.

In the means for the year the maximum pressure occurs at 0 25™ p.m., or an hour before the maximum
temperature of the air. The pressure increases regularly from 7" 10™ a.m. till 0? 25" p.m., at the rate of
0-06 Ib., and it diminishes from 0% 25™ till 7" 10™ at the same rate, The forenoon and afternoon branches of
the mean diurnal curve are therefore straight lines, forming the same angle with the ordinates.

PRESSURE OF THE WIND.

291

TABLE XXVIII—Maximum Pressures of Wind, with the Maxima of the Daily Means, Tables
XXIV. and XXV., and corresponding Directions of the Wind for each Month in 1843.

January
February
March
April

July
August
September
October
November

December

The greatest pressure of the wind in the year 1843 occurred February 44 204

| 11

21

Hi ahy
6— 8
20—22
0— 2
4— 6
oO— 2
20—22
10—24
8—10
0—18
10—18
2224

wind blowing from N. by W.
The greatest mean daily pressure occurred January 304, the wind blowing from W. ; being, for the maxima
between the hours of observation, 6-6 lb., and for the maxima at the hours of observation (or mean), 5-0 Ib.
The maximum pressure of the wind in three months occurs between 1) p.m. and 9" p.m.; the greater
number of the monthly maxima seem to occur between midnight and noon.
The monthly maxima occurred on five months while the wind was blowing in the quadrant from N. to W.:
on four months while the wind was blowing from between S. and W.; on one month while blowing from S. ;

and on two months while blowing from between N. and E.

Maximum Pressure.

Max. of Daily Means of Maz.

Pressures,

Max. of Daily Means of Mean
Pressures.

31

14

12

29

29h

—-saL,

Ww.
N by W.
SW by S.

Sw.

SW.
SW by W.
NNW.
NNW.
WNW.

SW.

being 12°8 Ib., the

All the monthly maxima of the daily means occurred with winds from between NW. by W., and SSW.

bo
=
Nw

ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1845.

TABLE XXIX.—Number of times which the Wind blew from each Point of the Compass at the
together with the swms of the Pres-

January. February. March. April. May June.
Wind blowing
from
Times. | Press. || Times. | Press. || Times. | Press. |} Times.| Press. || Times.| Press. | Times. | Press.
Ib. Ib. 1b. 1b. Ib, 1b.
N. 5 8-2 9 3-9 3 3-2 7 5-8
N by E. 10 13-1 2 0-4 tee 5 3-4
NNE. 11 | "6:7 4|26/ 2 | o6 | 11 | 49
NE by N 25 13-0 0-6 11 5-4 51 18-9
NE. 22 16:3 2-4 6 4-7 || 38 20-0 27 12-5
NE by E 8 4-4 3 1-2 1 0-5 20 12.4 13 5-4
ENE. 12 13-5 12 11-7 2 0-6 24 16-9 | 14 4:7
E by N. 2 2:3 15 11-9 1 0-2 12 8-9
E. 4 1-1 2 0-7 | 6 4-3 1 0-1
E by 8. 0-8 1 0-2 5 6-2
ESE. 1 0-5 1 0-1
SE by E
SE. 3 6:5 1 0-2 3 1-6 2 1-2
SE by 8. 3-0 3 1-2 1 0-3
SSE. 5 3-2 | 3 4:5
S by E. 8 7:3 6 3:3 8 8-8 | 3 1-5
8. 4 2-2 11 16-6 9-3 2 1-3
S by W. 3 2-5 0-7 2-0 5 6-6
SSW. 7 | 66 2 | 04 40 Wo By dB tedee eo
SW by S 21 25-4 2 5-4 7 10-5 0-5 12 7-0 4 4-3
SW. 26 51-1 13 26-2 12 9-6 19 11-9 | i 4-2 1 0-5
SW by W. 44 54-3 5 11-0 14 8-7 10 9-3 5 3-4 3 2-2
wsw ha WR = (We tO
W by 5. 14 12-6 9 14-2 1 0-2 6 5:3
W. 15 33-9 2 0-4 6 7-7 10 9-0
W by N. 1 8-2 4:8 1 1-2 1 0-2
WNW. 4 18:3 4 1-6 3 2-4 4 5:2 1 0-6 2 2-4
NW by W 5 21-9 1-5 2 2-7
NW. 8 18-8 6 7-4 oo 3 2-2
NW by N. 8 14-6 2 7:0 6 3:5 " 2 3-0
NNW. 2 1-0 11 14:5 0.2 5 3-1 3 11
N by W. 3 2-8 15 41-9 6 1:5 5 3:8 2 1:8

Sp

PRESSURE AND DIRECTION OF THE WIND. 293

Observation Hours, with a Pressure of one-tenth of a pound or upwards on a square foot of surface,
sures for each Month in 1843.

July. August. September. October. November. December.
Wind blowing
from
Times. | Press. | Times.| Press. | Times.| Press, || Times. | Press. || Times.| Press. || Times.| Press.
Tb. Tb. 1b. Ib. Ib. 1b.

3 0-9 1 0-1 i 4-0 3 1-8 1 0-5 N
“2 | 08 2| 05] 4 | 77 N by E.
9 2.5 1 0-1 1 0-1 5 4-2 2 0-3 te oe NNE.

3 1-2 1 0-1 3 0-5 1 0-2 2 0-4 ooo tee NE by N.

2 0-2 3 0-6 9 2-0 6 1-1 i NE

5 1-4 3 0:5 2 0-7 NE by E.

2 0-3 3 0-8 6 1-1 ENE.

1 0-1 ok es ee Soe 2 3-4 1 0-1 aa a E by N.

2 0-6 3 4:4 E.

E by S.

1 0-2 1 0-1 ESE

1 0-3 SE by E.
1 0-1 3 0-4 SE.
1 0-1 1 0-2 cht SE by S.

3 0-5 5 1-0 3 0-4 ace 1 1-4 SSE

5 3-6 2 2-0 2 0-9 nce ais eat Je S by E.
13 8-8 1 1-2 1 0-1 aS aoe wa wee Ss.

2 0-7 5 3-7 1 1-2 2 2-5 3 0-4 3 0-6 S by W.
15 6-6 11 5-2 2 2-3 4 2:7 32 33-0 25 17-9 SSW.
17 11-1 17 8-8 2 1-0 11 +] 5-2 5 1-8 19 20-0 SW by S.
45 41-0 24 12-0 14 6-3 32 19-3 31 19-8 90 | 91-1 SW.

9 4:5 6 3-2 6 1-6 16 7:3 4 4-6 1 2-6 SW by W

8 4:4 6 1-6 5 1-2 17 5:9 8 6-5 18 13-3 WSW.

5 2:3 4 1-2 4 1-5 5 3-7 3 1-9 W by S$.

9 5-2 3 1-1 8 2-6 8 7-2 5 5-2 10 19-3 W.

5 3-5 1 0-1 1 0-3 5 6-5 2 1-2 4 4:8 W by N.

Z 0-3 1 0-1 5 4-2 4 9-9 WNW.
0:8 1 0-3 2 0-4 9 2-4 2 0:8 NW by W

; 0-5 6 1-9 5 1:3 9 17-8 NW.
3 1-1 3 3-4 2 1-7 NW by N.

7 2-3 7 3-0 8 2-4 4 1-6 NNW.

2 0:3 9 8-1 3 4:7 3 0-9 N by W.

|

MAG, AND MET. oss, 1843. 45

294 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

In forming the sums for January in Table XXIX., the following quantities, estimated from the four daily
observations, were used as belonging to the first week in that month :—

Wind. Times. Sums of Pressure. Wind. Times. Sums of Pressure.
lb. Ib.
NNW. 1 0-2 W by S. 2 3:0
NW by W. 4 2-4 SW by W. 15 13-4
NW. 5 4:3 SSW. 5 3:2
W. 9 6:2

Annual Variation of the number of times which the Wind blew, as deduced from the observations made
at 9 two hourly intervals. The following are the sums of the times which the wind blew at the observation
hours for each month, as obtained from Table XXIX. :—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
177 149 127 135 170 187 161 113 113 159 126 173

The number of times which the wind blows is a maximum in January, the number diminishes to March
when it is a minimum, it increases to June when it is a maximum, diminishes again to August and Septem-
ber when it is a minimum, and increases till December when the number is nearly the same as in January.
The only exception to the regularity of this increase and diminution is in November, in which month the num-
ber is less than in October. In the year 1843 the wind blew most frequently at the solstices and most seldom
at the equinowes. The range of the variation of the numbers is 74, or ? of the greatest number, 187, that for
June.

Annual Variation of the number of points of the compass in which the Wind blew.—The following are the
number of points of the compass in which the wind blew for each month :—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
17 17 24 “27 20 25 24 21 29 24 20 9

The wind, therefore, seems to be least variable at the Winter solstice, and more variable at the equinoxes
than at the summer solstice.

Annual Variation of the sums of the Presswre of the Wind.—This, of course, is the same as has been
already obtained, Table XXIV., for the means of the pressures; or the maximum near the winter solstice,
minima at the equinoxes, and a secondary maximum near the summer solstice. The sums, as obtained from
Table XXIX., are as follow :—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Tb. Ib. ib. lb. Ib. Ib. Ib, Ib.
2616 1914 829 1229 1116 1064 914 522 458 1003 1116 £171:
Annual Variation of the Mean Pressure of the Wind when blowing.—The means, Table XXIV., are the
mean pressures throughout the 24 hours. The following means are obtained by dividing the sums of the
pressures by the number of times which the wind blew :—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Noy. Dec.
tb. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. ib. ib. Ib, Ib. Ib. Ib.
1-48 1:28 065 0-91 O66e O:57> 20:04 5 046) Oat 063 089 0-99

The mean pressure of the wind when blowing is a maximum in January and December ; it is a minimum
in September. There is also a minimum in March, but it is not sufficiently marked to produce a distinct maxi-

mum near the summer solstice, as shewn by the sums of the pressures. From this the wind seems to blow

with the greatest force near the coldest, and with the least force near the hottest period of the year. The range
of the monthly means of the pressure of wind while blowing is 1-07 Ib.

PRESSURE AND DIRECTION OF THE WIND. 295

TABLE XXX.—Sums of the Pressures of Wind in Table XXIX., resolved for each Month and
Quarter into the Four Cardinal Points of the Compass, together with the Value and Direction of
the Resultant.

Resolved Sums in Resultant.

Period.

Means. Directions.

1b. 2
January : 1-23 Sle ASE

February : 0-62 8 Ww.
March : 5 0-07 31 E.
April . 0-43 23 S.
0-29 4N.
0-16 4E.
July . . 0-42 37S.
August : : 0-38 26 W.
September . 0-13 24 N.
October 0-27 158.
November . 0-61 24 S.
December : . 0-93 40 S.

sata anreunduues

Mean Met. Qrs.

Spring

Summer

Autumn
Winter

Astron. Qrs.
Spring

Summer
Autumn
Winter

The Year

The mean resultants are obtained from the sum resultants in dividing the latter by the numbers of times
which the wind blew.

Annual Variation of the Resultant Pressure of the Wind.—The resultant sums and means of pressures are
the maximum in January and the minimum in March, a secondary minimum occurs in June, secondary maxima
occurring in the months before and after it, and a minimum occurs in September, differing little in value from
that for March; the resultant increases from thence till December. The quarterly periods for the astronomical
group seem most regular. The resultant is nearly zero for the astronomical summer, it has about equal values
in Spring and Autumn, and it is greatest in Winter.

The direction of the Resultant is between S. and W. seven months of the year, namely, in January, April,
July, August, October, November, and December; it is between N. and W. two months, namely, in February
and September ; it is between N. and E. two months, namely, in May and June; and it is between S. and E.
one month, namely, March.

The direction of the resultant wind for 1843 is W. 18° S.

296 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

TABLE XXXI.—Number of times which the Wind blew from each Point of the Compass at
foot of surface, together with

Wind blowing
from

Times. | Press. Times. | Press.

N by E.
NNE.
NE by N.
NE.
NE by E.
ENE.
-E by N.
E.

E by S.
ESE.
SE by E.
SE.
SE by S.
SSE.

S by E.
8.

S by W.
SSW.
SW by S.
Sw.
SW by W.
WSwW.
W by 8.
AV
W by N.
WNW.
NW by W.
NW.
NW by N.
NNW.
N by W.

po
om

— — wo
ws = ©

_
oa we FF WH NW NT WO

ork ww aan © Oo
Onarrewwwr Pp =

PRESSURE OF THE WIND.

297

each Observation Hour, with a Pressure of one-tenth of a pound or upwards upon a square

the sums of the Pressures.

9 Observations,

6, 8,
Times. | Press. || Times. | Press.
Ib. 1b.
6-8 3 3-3
1:8 4 3-4
3 0-6 Ul 2-7
13 6-1 7 23
21 9-2 19 7-9
7 2-7 5 1-7
9 68 “9 2-8
5 2-8 4 2-7
3 0-9 1 0:5
1 1-2 on
4 1-5
1 0-1 .
2 0-2 4 0-7
3 1:7 3 1-6
4 6-2 3 1-7
2 0-6 2 1-2
14 13-6 10 3-2
12 7-0 11 10-8
40 32-3 33 34-7

2 1-0 2 2-4
8 5-7 6 7-0
4 3-3 2 0-4
6 8-1

1 0-2 4 4-2
4 | 11-0 2 6-1
1 0-8 1 0:8
5 3-1 6 4:3
2 1-4 3 1-4

MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843.

Times.

PrP Pw OO HA NYO =

Times. | Press.
1b.
39 28-4
25 25-4
46 22-0
100 40-3
117 59-8
55 26:5
75 49-6
34 26-9
18 11-2
7 7:2
0-9
0:3
13 10-0
7 4:8
20 11-0
34 27-4
38 39-5
28 20-9
109 82-1
118 101-0
314 293-0
108 99:3
96 57-6
49 39:9
67 85-4
22 30:8
30 45:0
24 30-8
34 45-6
22 32-0
47 29-0
48 65-8

12 Observations.

Times. Press.
lb.
43 30:3
32 36:3
56 25-6
131 53-9
142 69-5
59 29.2
88 58-3
43 31-5
23 16-3
7 7-2
5 1:0
1 0:3
16 14:8
7 4:8
26 19-9
42 34:3
46 50-3
30 23-0
137 111-2
152 132-8
403 381-2
149 131-6
122 7-7
66 54-0
95 100-0
23 31-1
38 65-5
33 48-8
42 52-0
33 45-9
62 40-7
57 71-7

Mean
Pressure.

Wind blowing
from

298 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

After the number of the times which the wind blew, and the sums of the pressures for the observation
hours, the sums of the times blowing and pressures for all the 9 observations are given, and next the sums of
the times blowing and pressures for 12 observations, three times the mean of the sums for 18 and 10" being
taken as the sums for the three observations wanting to complete the day. The following quantities have also
been made use of in forming the sums for 12 observations :—

Direction. Times. Sums of Pressures. Direction. ‘Times. Sums of Pressures,
Tb. lb.
NNW. 1 0-2 W by S. 2 3-0
NW by N. 6 2-7 SW by W. 18 14:9
NW. 5 4:3 SSW. 5 3:2
W. 12 77

These being estimated for the first week of January, and for the observation at 18", omitted in the second week.

Diurnal Variation of the number of the times which the Wind blew in 1843.—The following are the sums
of the number of times which the wind blew, at each observation hour, with a pressure of one-tenth of a pound
or upwards on a square foot of surface, as obtained from Table XXXI. ;—

55 10m, 72:10, 96 10™,) 115 10™ 4m. 15107 P.M. 3h 107. 5» 10, 7% 10m, 9b 10m,

138 166 205 233 256 242 212 171 126
Differences, 28 39 28 23 14 30 41 45

The number of times which the wind blew increased from 5" 10™ a.m. till 12 30™ p.M., the interpolated
period of maximum, and diminished from 15 30™ p.m, till 98 10™ pw. The number increases most rapidly
about 8" a.m., and diminishes most rapidly about 8 p.m. The wind, therefore, blew most frequently exactly
at the time of the maximum temperature of the air.

Diurnal Variation of the number of Points of the Compass in which the Wind blew.—The numbers of the
points of the compass in which the wind blew at the observation hours, are—

5 10m, 7» 10m, 910m, 11510™ a.m. 110™p.M. 3" 10™. 55 10m, 7™ lom, 9 10m,
27 27 30 29 31 30 30 26 25

The wind, therefore, seems to blow less steadily from 9 a.m, till 5 p.m. than before the former and after
the latter of these hours.

Diurnal Variation of the Sums of Pressures of the Wind.—This, of course, is the same as that of the
means, Table XXVII., or a maximum about 25™ after Noon. The sums are as follow :—

5» 10™, 7> 10m, 9» 10™, 115 10™ a.m. 15 10™ p.m. 35 10m, 55 10m, 7» 10m, 9b 10m,
lb. Ib. Ib. lb. 1b. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib.
139-5 133-5 170-4 211-5 224-0 192-1 156-1 118-7 103°8
Diurnal Variation of the Mean Pressure of the Wind while blowing—tThis is obtained by dividing the
sums of the pressures by the number of times which the wind blew, and is as follows :—
5» 10™, 7» 10™, 92:10=, 115 10™ a.m, 1 10™ p.m. 3> 10m, 55 10m, 7» 10m, 95 10m,
Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib,
1:01 0:80 0:83 0-91 0-88 0-79 0-74 0:69 0:82
The wind, while blowing, was a minimum about 7" 40™ a.m.

CRE cae a via oem coat eae ce maximum at Noon.
aca oa Ce URES: ete See minimum about 7* 10™ p.m.

The greatest force occurred at 5" 10™ a.m.; the maximum pressure of the wind while blowing probably
occurs, therefore, at or after midnight.

The fact that the wind blows with the greatest force at Noon, but the greatest number of times at 1" 30™
p.M., the time of the maximum temperature, explains why the swms of the pressures attain their maximum be-
tween these two periods,

een eee

enlaces

PRESSURE OF THE WIND. 299

Times which the Wind blew from the different Points of the Compass.—The wind blew most frequently from
the SW., and least so from SE. by H.; the number for the former, from 12 daily observations, being 403, and,
for the latter, 1. If we take the sums of the times from 12 observations, for the five pomts SSW. to WSW.,
corresponding to SW., from WSW. to WNW., corresponding to W., and so for the others of the 8 principal
points, we find that the number of times which the wind blew was the maximum at SW.,a secondary minimum
at NW., a secondary maximum at NE., and the minimum at SE. The sums are as follow :—

Sw. w. Nw. N. NE. BE. SE. Ss.
963 344 208 250 476 166 55 281

The wind blew twice as often from the points included between N., W., and S., as from the opposite semi-
circle N., E., and S.

Sums of the Pressures with which the Wind blew from the diferent Points of the Compass.—The greatest sum
is that for SW., being, from 12 observations, 381 Ib., and the least that for SE. by E., being 0-3 Ib. Summing
the pressures for each five points, including the 8 principal points as above, we have, for 12’ observations,—

SW. Ww. NW. N. NE. K. SH. Ss.
lb. Ib. lb. Ib. Ib; Ib. Ib. Ib.
834-5 328°3 252°9 204:6 236°5 1143 40°8 238°7

The sums of the pressures are, therefore, greatest about SW. ; they diminish round by W. and NW. to N.,
where there is a secondary minimum, a secondary maximum occurs about NE. ; the sums then diminish to SE.,
about which they are the minimum, increasing from thence to SW.

Mean Pressure of the Wind while blowing from the different Points of the Compass.—The mean pressure of
the wind was greatest while blowing from WNW., being 1-72 lb., and least while blowing from the opposite
point ESE., being 0:20 lb. If the sums of the pressures about the 8 principal points be divided by the times
which the wind blew about the same points, we obtain the following means :—

SW. We NW. N. NE. E. SE. Ss.
Ib. Ib. lb. Ib, Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib.
0:87 0:95 1-22 0:82 0:50 0:69 0-74 0-85
The mean pressure with which the wind blows is therefore greatest about NW., it becomes less at the

N., and is least at NE., from which point it increases gradually by SE., S., SW., and W., to the maximum
at NW.

TABLE XXXII.—Sums of the Pressures of Wind in Table XX XI. resolved for each Hour into the
Four Cardinal Points of the Compass, together with the Value and Direction of the Resultant.

Resolved Sums in Resultant.
Hour Gottingen
Mean Time.

Means. Directions.

Ib.
0.44
0.32
0.33
0-35
0-33
0-24
0-25
0:28

Sum of 9 Obs.
Sum of 12 Obs.

44 4454545254

The mean resultants are obtained on dividing the sum resultants by the number of times which the wind blew.

300 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

Diurnal Variation of the Resolved and Resultant Pressures of the Wind.—The sums resolved in the E.
attain their maximum latest in the day, about 2" p.w; the sums resolved in the W. attain their maximum
earliest, about Noon; while the sums resolved in N, and in 8S. attain their maximum about 12 p.m. The re-
sultant sums of pressures attain their maximum about 0? 30™ p.m., minima occur about 7" a.m. and 8» p.m.
The mean resultant attains a maximum about Noon, the minimum occurs about 3" 40™ p.m.; the maximum
probably occurs near midnight, a secondary minimum occurs about 7" a.m.

The Direction of the Resultant seems to have a diurnal variation, being more towards the south of west in
the morning and evening than about mid-day.

TABLE XXXIII.—Differences of the Directions of Motions of the Lower and Upper Currents of Air,
as deduced from the Comparisons of the Direction of the Wind and Motions of the Clouds.

Quadrant N. to B. Quadrant E. to 8. Quadrant S. to W. Quadrant W. to N.

Currents.

No. of |Diffs.of| Mean || No. of | Diffst of | Mean || No. of |Diffs.of| Mean || No. of |Diffs.of| Mean
Obs. | Motion.) Diff. Obs. | Motion. | Diff. Obs. | Motion.) Diff. Obs. |Motion.| Diff.

° ° ° ° °

Scud minus

75 : 177 |+23-7 +18-5
Wind

30 : 20 |—22-6 — 32-3

Cir.-str. minus

Wind

15 : 87 |4+47-6 + 26:8
14 : 12 |-23-7 — 46-6

Cir.-str. minus

‘| 57 |+34-5 + 20-3
Scud

14 |—19-7 — 50-7

Cirri minus

Wind

| : 42 |+46-7 +23-9

7 |-38-6 — 50:6

Scud

Cirri minus | +32-7 +19-8

— 35-6 | — 87-2

This Table has been formed by taking the differences of the motions of the surface wind as observed on
the anemoscope and the motions of the clouds. In order to arrive at any definite result, it was necessary to
group the comparisons into quadrants of the compass. In several quadrants there are still too few comparisons
to give satisfactory results.

The first column under each quadrant contains the number of times which an upper current was observed
to proceed from a point plus, and the number of times which it was observed to proceed from a point minus,
the direction of a lower current, from N. to E., 8. and W. being the direction of reckoning. The second column
under each quadrant contains the mean of the positive differences, and also the mean of the negative differences ;
the third column contains the mean difference of the motions from all the observations. Taking the first case for
an example—the wind blowing from a point between N. and E, the scud was observed on 75 occasions to be
moving from a point on an average of 27°-9 south of the point from which the wind was blowing ; and on 30
occasions from a point on an average 44°2 north of the point from which the wind was blowing. From ail the
105 observations, the scud was found to move from a point 7°-4 south of that from which the wind blew.

In every quadrant, the upper currents were observed more frequently to be moving from points plus than
from points minus those of the lower currents. In every quadrant, however, excepting S. to W., the average
difference (with two exceptions) is greater for the minus than for the positive observations. In the quadrant 8.
to W. this is not the case; not only are the number of observations greatest for the upper current positive of
the lower current, but the average difference of motion is also greatest (with one exception) when the upper

EE

- Mortons oF Couns. 301

current is positive of the lower. If we take the mean difference from all the observations we arrive at the fol-
lowing results :—

The direction of the scuds or current immediately above the surface wind is always plus, reckoning from
N. to E., 8., and W., that of the surface wind, the average difference is greatest in the quadrant between S.
and W.; in this quadrant the seud is, on the average of 197 comparisons, 19° more westerly than the surface
current. The difference is least in the quadrant W. to N., where the scud, on an average of 62 comparisons,
is only 3°°7 more northerly than the surface current.

The direction of the cirro-strati, or current immediately above the scuds, differs most from the motion of
the surface wind in the quadrant from §. to W., being, on the average of 99 comparisons, 39°-4 more westerly
than the surface wind, or nearly twice the deviation of the seud. The difference in the quadrant E, to S. is also
positive, being 36°9 on an average of 14 comparisons. In the other two quadrants the difference is very small.

The direction of the cirri, or current immediately above the cirro-strati, differs most from the motion of
the surface wind in the quadrant E, to S., but there are only 3 comparisons. The difference in the quadrant
S. to W. is nearly the same as for the cirro-strati; there is reason to believe, indeed, that, on many occasions,
the two species are confounded, as the cirri frequently pass into cirro-strati.

The mean differences of the mean motion of the three currents, scud, cirro-strati, and cirri, from the motion
of the surface wind, are as follow :—

°

N. to E., 147 comparisons ; mean upper current minus surface current = + 6-2
Bilt Gi, 4G) ccceaccesiaas cnocee conser one cevitas cancer seseerececsscovsnssesecseees == -f 23-2
S. to W., BAB nec ccc cee cnn cee cee sen vee cae cen cce see sec ces cence = + 27°6
W.toN., LUD wen ne cc cae nce cee cee cee ce cee cas cee ves cce cers =-+ 25

The difference of the directions of motion of the surface and mean upper current is therefore a minimum
in the quadrant from W. to N.; the mean upper current is half-a-point S. of the surface current in the quadrant
N. to E. ; two points S. of the surface current in the quadrant E. to 8. ; and about two points and a half N.
of the surface current in the quadrant S. to W.

Tf all the cases be taken in which the motions of the upper currents of cirro-strati and cirri were observed
simultaneonsly with the current of scud, we obtain the following differences of motion of the mean upper cur-
rent (cirro-strati and cirri), and lower current of clouds :—

N. to E., 32 comparisons ; cirro-stratus current minus scud current = + tied

DB ep Ente Ot 0 ere en lalciasic\s ofc eo lace cisieiws sjeslofiniwine « enle aa wiv elieudly =— 58
Se FLOP gO Olen s lotraidaece ts cone Be cele sae Agoga Ror consaeiC Sadaeen ease = + 254
Wisi iS ZAIN eajun ks -- ocpndiodber DeCOBpRBEBe RCo eee. o-oeroreconnbe ern = — 12-2

The numbers of comparisons in the first two quadrants are too few for a good mean; from the other it
appears that the current of cirro-stratus in the quadrant S. to W. is more than two points north of the current
of scud; but, in the quadrant W. to N., it is about one point south of the scud.

If the mean differences of motion, scud minus wind, and cirro-stratus minus wind, were well determined,
it is evident that, in subtracting the former from the latter, we would obtain the differences, cirro-stratus minus
seud ; and similarly for the differences cirri minus seud.

The means for these two differences, thus obtained, are—

N. to E., cirro-stratus and cirrus current minus seud current = — 2-0
10 0 Sie, aeBenedeubuosoncehoppovcddsoorn obropronpernonesceds-e = 4+ 54:7
SLOW ayy Ve scowewedces Lrg Ua a Lemeeitamenee nal calclea ae eer ece ee = + 19°7
AVVAAEO PINUS Ye etas . CUAy dE eatleiee aealelessiceeletinm ails aisles eine wlnite alels =— 33

As before, the difference for the quadrant E. to S. depends on too few observations, which is indeed the
case with all the quadrants excepting that of S. to W.

MAG. AND MET, oBs. 1843. 46

302 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

TABLE XXXIV.—Daily, Weekly, and Monthly Means of the estimated surface of the Clouds,
the whole sky covered being 10:0.

6-20 6-10

The daily means in this table have been obtained from the 9 two-hourly observations by the formula given
for the temperature, Table I. The daily means in the first week of January are the means of the 4 three-hourly
observations.

Annual Variation of the Surface of Cloud.—The surface of cloud is a minimum in January, the maximum
in April, May, June, and July, the means for which four months differ little from each other ; the minimum

surface occurs in September, after which the surface increases till December. The following are the means for
the three groups of seasons, namely,—

The mean meteorological seasons, for which June, July, and August, constitute Summer.
The meteorological seasons for 1848, for which July, August, and September,
The astronomical seasons, for which May, June, and July,

Seasons. Mean Meteorological. Meteorological for 1843. Astronomical.
Spring, 7:49 717 7°34
Summer, 7°31 6°49 7°80
Autumn, 5°85 6:41 5°93
Winter, 6-91 6°89 6:48
Range of Means, 1:64 1:36 1:87

The astronomical group is the most distinct. The maximum occurs in summer and the minimum in

autumn of that group. The greatest monthly mean is that for July, being 7°87; the least is that for Sep-
tember, being 5-26.

The mean for the year 1843 = 6°89.

SURFACE OF CLOUDS. 303

TABLE XXXV.—Estimated Surface of Cloud, with reference to the Moon’s Age and Declination.

After After
Surface of || Moon’s | No. of | Surface of} Moon I Surface of |) Moon

Cloud. Age. | Days. Cloud. |farthest 0 Cloud. || farthest
North. North.

14

CHOTANRWNHYHO
OOAONAaPwWNWr OS
OPEN OSU ST

or a ch we to Sw to ~F

This Table has been formed from Table XXXIV. in the manner already indicated, Table X.

Surface of Cloud, with reference to the Moon's Age.—The following means of groups indicate that the
surface of cloud is a minimum about new moon :—

. 12 days till 18 oY; Full Moon, 6:9 27 days till 3:days, New Moon, 6°5
RDA ah. Soe 22 7-0 ON es Aa Zitat 6:7
UG Bape D6. Fe: ek Aa Se oo onstrate 7:0
2) Tansee ZONES. 6-9 Bile aoe 14 ... 7:0

There is an appearance of a secondary minimum at full moon, but the differences of the means are very
small.*

Surface of Cloud, with reference to the Moon’s Declination.—The following means of groups seem to indi-
cate that the surface of cloud is greatest a few days before the moon is farthest south, and least a few days be-
fore it is farthest north :—

25 days till : ae Moon farthest North, 6-6 11 days till 17 ei Moon farthest South, 7-3
Ors nis 6:9 ee ooccge 20 6-6
4 odpnea 10 was 6-9 ey ooeens Wee Boe 6-7
Th eae Cus 74 A | ae es 2 his 6:6

Extremes of the Daily Mean Surface of Clouds for each Month, with the ranges of the monthly means, and
number of days in each month wholly overcast :—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee.
Greatest, 10-0 10-0 10-0 10-0 10-0 10-0 10-0 10-0 9-2 10:0 10-0 » 10-0
Least, 15 3-1 0-0 4-7 2-2 0:5 4-7 1-3 0-1 1-1 0-4 2-9
Range, 8-5 6-9 10-0 5:3 7:8 9-5 5-3 8-7 9-1 8-9 9-6 7-1

No. of Day: ” 2 6 3 2 9 6 3 1 0 1 1 I

Overcast,

The surface of clouds was 10-0 on nine days in the month of May, and in the month of September no day

was quite overcast. Only on one day was the sky perfectly free of clouds, namely, on the 8th of March; on
the 22d and 23d of September the amount was very small.

* Tf the heat from the Moon have any effect on the dissipation or formation of clouds, it is obvious that the effect will be greatest
during the night, when the Moon is about full; the want of observations from 9" P.M. till 54 a.m. would therefore vitiate the results
more markedly than in previous cases investigated, where any effect of the Moon must be supposed sufficiently permanent to affect
the means during the day as well as the night.

304 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843.

TABLE XXXVI.—Means of the Estimated Surface of Cloud at the Hours of Observation, for each
Month and Quarter in 1843.

Period. 204, . . - 3 : i Mean. || Range.

January “ 5 f 2.87
February : i : f : , i 1-77
March A 2 + fi Ff ; Hf F 1:31
April A z . FS 2 > i . i 2-70
May a Ps a s i 2 " i 1-26
June . E i “ 5 *¢ * 9.93
July ° 5 \. Fr ° . . o . 2.66
August 3 S . 6 Fi 5 . . . 1-58
September : 5 F : f : k : 1-65
October : f . : : : ; : : 1-80
November : : : - 98 . . 3 i 1-70
December : : je 2-19

Spring . . . 1-46
Summer : -66 | : ‘ F haze 1-42
Autumn : : : : : ; 1-35
Winter : : “ 1-87

The Year + ‘ 3 Ei : 1-29

The observations in the first week of January were not made use of in obtaining the hourly means for that
month ; no observations having been made at 18" in the second week, a correction was applied to the mean for
that hour of — 0°48, obtained from Table XXXIV. as follows :—

{Mean cloud, Jan. 9-31, = 6°63, minus mean cloud, Jan. 16-31, = 7:11} = — 0-48,

The means were afterwards corrected by +0°30, in order to render the mean for that month from these
means equal to that obtained, Table XXXIV., from all the daily means.

Diurnal Variation of the Surface of Cloud.—The means for the various months present considerable ir-
regularities, the maximum surface of cloud, however, occurs, with two or three exceptions, between 11 a.m, and
3 p.m. The following are the interpolated periods of the maximum surface of cloud for each of the mean me-
teorological seasons (as in the previous Table) :—

Spring, the max., 15 0™ p.m.
Summer, -----+++ 102 07 a.m.

Autumn, «+--+» 7) 0™ a.m.; a Secondary min. about 95 30™ a.m.; a Secondary max. 1" p.m.
Winter, -eseeeeee LB O™ AM. 5 cee cee cee cee ece eee see eeeeee 1D QM PM; ceeeeeerseeeeeeeee 32 PLM.

There are other secondary maxima and minima, but they are probably accidental.
The periods for the astronomical group of seasons are as follow :—

Spring, the max., 3" p.m.

Summer, ......... 95 am. i
Audomn), e223 2 p.m.; a Secondary min. 94 a.m.; a Secondary max. 6" a.m.
Winter, jysacoss poe del eAunc

The secondary minimum and maximum are well marked for autumn of this group ; there are also inflexions
or minima in the summer and autumn about 3" p.m., the time at which inflexions occur in the curves for the
aqueous vapour (Table XI.) From the astronomical group, the maximum surface of cloud seems to occur
after noon in the spring and autumn, and before noon in the summer and winter. The minimum occurs after
9> P.M.

The maximum in the means for the year occurs shortly before noon ; asecondary maximum is shewn about
75 am.; and a secondary minimum about 9" a.m,

The Diurnal Range of the Surface of Cloud, as far as it can be deduced from the 9 two-hourly means,
is a minimum in autumn and a maximum in winter,

SS eee

<i etal?

QUANTITY OF RAIN. 305

TABLE XXXVII.—Quantity of Rain for each Month in 18438, by the Observatory Garden
and Greenhouse Gauges.

Observatory Garden Greenhouse
Gauge. Gauge. Gauge.

in. in.
January 1-978 2-00
February 1-926 1-95 ?
March 0-934 0-95
April 2-231 1-95
May 3-237 3:17
June 1-311 1-24
July 2-676 2-47
August 2-752 2-51
September 1-080 1-00
October 3-645 3-73
November 2-038 1-82
December 0-949 0-66

Sums, 24-757 23-45

a quantity of rain for February, in the garden gauge, is estimated, the register for that month having
been lost.
The greatest quantity of rain in any month is that for October, being, by the Observatory gauge, 3°645 in.
The least monthly quantity is that for March, being, by the same gauge, 0-934 in. The quantity of rain is a
minimum in the solstitial and equinoctial months of 1843, maxima occurring in the intervening months,
No conclusions can be drawn as to the cause of the differences of the sums for the Observatory and Garden
gauges, as the gauges are not only at unequal heights above the level of the sea, but also above the soil.
The results for the Greenhouse gauge shew, that such a position is sufficient to destroy the value of the
instrument as a pluviometer, (See Introduction, page lviii.)
The greatest amounts of rain found in the Observatory gauge at noon, having fallen within the previous
24 hours, for each month are as follow :—
Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June, July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. 5 in. in. in.
0-650 0-387 0-290 0-468 0-403 0-420 0-386 1-411 0-252 0-890 0-460 0-253
The numbers of days in each month on which more than one-thousandth, one-hundredth, and one-tenth of
an inch of rain was found in the Observatory gauge, are as follow :—

More than Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

0-001 23 22 16 19 23 16 22 19 12 30 27 17
0-010 14 17 11 13 17 10 14 15 6 19 16 uf
0-100 6 6 3 9 11 7 8 8 2 10 6 2

The variation of the numbers follows nearly the same law as the variations of the monthly sums of rain
fallen. In 1848, more than one-thousandth of an inch of rain fell on 246 days, or on about 6 days out of 9 ;
more than one-tenth of an inch fell on 159 days, or on about 4 days out of 9; more than one-tenth of an inch
fell on 78 days, or on about 2 days out of 9.

In dividing the monthly sums of rain by the number of days on which more than 0-001 inch fell, we ob-
tain the following means for the quantity of rain which fell on days in which more than 0-001 was found in the
Observatory gauge :—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in.

0-086 0-088 0-058 0-117 0-141 0-082 0-122 0-145 0:090 0-121 0-113 0-056
These quantities follow nearly the same law as the monthly sums. We may therefore conclude, that for

those months which have the greatest number of rainy days, the mean daily fall of rain is greatest; or, that

the oftener it rains, it rains the heavier.

MAG. AND MET. oBs, 1843. 4u

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OMa kerstoun Observations Term-D ay Ma gnetical Obse:

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Plate Xi.

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vations December-20,21, 1843.

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