% Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from University of Toronto http://www.archive.org/details/memoirsO8harv 7 Py See ER ek har mt * { Rua 1 : ih ae ; } avis Mad da MEMOIRS OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, HARVARD COLLEGE. VOL. VILL. Dd UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE, JOHN WILSON AND SON. 1881—1884. CONTENTS. No. 1. THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. Part IL. Subfamily Aischnina. By Louis Casor. pp. 39. With 5 Plates. August, 1881. No. 2. EXPLORATION OF THE SURFACE FAUNA OF THE GULF STREAM UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE COAST SURVEY. III. Parr I. The Porpitide and Velellide. By ALEXANDER AGassiz. pp. 16. With 12 Plates. July, 1883. No. 3. THE REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS OF NORTH AMERICA. By Samuen Garman. Published by permission of the Kentucky Geological Survey. pp. 185. With 10 Plates. June, 1883. Hlemoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology AT HARVARD COLLEGE. Vorn Villy Noy I: THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. Part IIl.—SuBramity AYSCHNINA. Bye GOUIS *CABOT. WITH FIVE PLATES. CAMBRIDGE: Printed for the fMuseum, 1881. IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. Parr I].—Susramiry AESCHNINA. Pak ne AG: Bi Up to this time seven species only have been described by H. Hagen. One from Brazil, Gynacantha spec.; the others from Europe, Anax formosus; Aischna rufescens, grandis, cyanea, affinis; Brachytron pratense. There have been figured before, — Anax formosus; Muralto; Drury? Evans; Dufour. “Eschna cyanea; Swamerd? Frisch? Reaumiir; Donov; Dufour. AXschna mixta; Reaum ? A®schna grandis; Roesel; De Geer; M. Harris. /®schna rufescens ; Dufour ? Eschna constricta ; Sanborn. In all six species, three only, however, are recognizable, and none of the figures are accurate enough for specific determination. Of the twenty-four species now described and figured, containing the types of the seven species described by H. Hagen and others, there are of Europe, nine. America, nine; seven from U. 8. A. Asia, four. Africa, one. Half of the species described were raised, viz. the nine European species and three United States species. The actual number of described species of Aschnide has not been exactly ascertained, but the twenty-four immature states given are about one tenth. In the United States there are twenty-one species known; of these, seven in the immature state are given. In Europe, thirteen are known; of these, nine in immature states are given. To make any general remarks on the classification of Gomphina and A®schnina has been found impossible, until the Libellulina and Cordulina have been described. 6 PREFACE. The following grouping is the best that can be made at present : — Mask flat (agreeing with Agrionina),— all Aischnina and Gomphina (except Cordu- legaster). Mask, spoon-shaped (agreeing with Libellulina), — Cordulegaster. Antenne, four-jointed and flattened, — Gomphus and Allies. Antenne filiform and seven-jointed, — Cordulegaster and A%schnina, excepting two aberrant genera having six and five joints. All legs with tarsus three-jointed, — A‘schnina and Cordulegaster. All legs with tarsus two-jointed, — Ictinus. The two anterior pairs of legs with tarsus two-jointed, — Gomphina. These general characters are sufficient to determine the place of any nympha. Aveust, 188]. 1654. 1684. 1706. 1730. BEBETOGWAP HY. Th. Moufet, Insectorum Theatrum, p. 321 and p. 322, figured a nympha without agreeing description, as Scolopendra marina. The figure is recognizable only for the genus. F. Muralto, Ephem. Nature Curios. Dec. II. Ann. IL p. 194. Figured and described as Phryganeon Perlac, the nympha of Anax formosus. Anonym. (probably W. Homberg). Observations sur linsecte poisson, qui se transforme en demoiselle. Histoire Acad. des Se. Paris, p. 9, described shortly the nympha of an AXschna and the transformation. G. L. Frisch, Beschreibung von allerlei Insecten in Teutschland, T. VIII. pl. x. p- 20, figured the full-grown nympha of a female (perhaps A. grandis or Ai. cyanea), with a good description. L. Roberg o Frisch without description. De Libella lacustri, Upsalie 4", p. 9, copies the figure given by J. Swammerdam, Biblia nature, pl. xii, f. 4, figured the nympha of probably ZK. cyanea. De Reaumur, Mém. Vol. VI. pl. 36, f. 3, 4, figured the nympha of A®. mixta or /E. affinis ; and pl. 39, f. 1-4, the nympha of A. cyanea in the act of trans- formation. The general description and the observations are excellent, but not sufficient for specific characters. E. Hebenstreit, de insectorum natalibus, f. cc, figured the nympha of an Aschna. Species not determinable. J. Roesel, Insectenbelustigung, Vol. IT. p. ii. pl. 3, f. 1-9, figured very well the nympha of AK. grandis in all stages; and pl. 4, f. 10-12, in the act of trans- formation. The prolix description is not sufficient for specific characters. J. Bartram, Observations on the Dragonfly, or Libellula, from Pennsylvania, Philos. Transact. London, Vol. XLVI. pp. 323 and 400, described shortly the nympha of an /’schna and the transformation. D. Drury, Mlustr. of Nat. Hist., Vol. I. pl. 47, f. 3, figured the nympha of perhaps Anax formosus. The description, p. 115, is not sufficient. Ch. De Geer, Mémoires, Vol. IT. pl. 19, f. 12-19, figured the nympha of ©. grandis, with a good description. 1853. 1857. 1862. 1879. BIBLIOGRAPHY. M. Harris, Exposition of Engl. Insects, pl. xii, f. 3, figured the nympha of ZE. grandis. E. Donovan, the Natural History of British Insects, Vol. II. pl. 44, figured as Libellula depressa, the nympha of Aschna (perhaps cyanea or grandis). The figure is good, except some minor errors. : Kirby and Spence, Introduction, ete., Vol. III. pl. 16, f. 5, figured as Libellula, the nympha of an Aschna. Described in letter xxx. (Rennie), Insect Transformations, p. 137, has a copy of Roesel’s transformation of ZK. grandis. W. F. Evans, British Libellulina, pl. 1, f. 20, figured the nympha of Anax for- mosus as Aéschna. Leon Dufour, Etudes anatom. and physiolog. sur les larves des Libellules. Ann. sc. natur. ser. 3. Vol. XVII, pp. 65-110, pl. 3. He is the first to attempt a systematical arrangement of the nymph. He described and figured A‘. gran- dis (= A. formosus), A. De Geerii (4. rufescens), Ai. inominata (AZ. cyanea). H. A. Hagen, Stettin. Entom. Zeit. Vol. XIV., has given a review of the lit- erature, and described seven species,— A. formosus; A%. cyanea, affinis, rufescens, grandis ; B. pratense; Gynacantha spec. F. Brauer, Neuroptera Austr. pp. xiv.-xvi, gives an excellent review of the nymph. He had raised himself a large number of species, and to him is due most of our knowledge about the species. The nymph described by Hagen were mostly communicated to him by F. Brauer. Fr. Sanborn, Tenth Ann. Rep. Mass. Board of Agric., p. 149, figured the nympba of /E. clepsydra (= AZ. constricta). The figure is reproduced in A. 8. Packard’s Guide, p. 602. Miss Olga Poljetajewa, Mémoirs Russian Entom. Soc., Vol. XI. (in Russian lJan- guage) described the Odonata from St. Petersbourg and the nymph of “AE. juncea, viridis, both shortly, and of A®. grandis very detailed and complete. General descriptions and figures are to be found in the works of Vander Linden, Char- pentier, Burmeister, Latreille, Westwood, Lacordaire, Rambur, Stephens, Newport, New- man, and in a large number of popular works; but they are not detailed enough for species or genera. Fossil nymph are figured and described. The literature is given by Heer and Hagen. THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. PART Il.—SUBFAMILY -AUSCHNINA. ZSCHNINA. Bopy elongated. Length from three to six times the breadth. Gills in the end of abdomen. Head large, breadth greater than length, except in Gynacantha, in which the length is the greatest. The form of head, mostly square, depends upon situation and form of eyes. Eyes always large and produced at inner hind angles in triangular lobe, separated from each other by advanced portion of occiput, which is generally raised and cut square at front border. The eyes vary in prominence, being least prominent in Gyna- cantha, more so in Anax, and most prominent in Aschna ;— the line behind the eyes is sometimes straight, sometimes oblique, and sometimes curved. Vertex divided into two parts more or less well defined ; the posterior por- tion is generally more nearly square than the anterior, and has generally indications of ocelli. The anterior portion is cut straight im front, and is generally somewhat semicircular; both portions are about on the level of the eyes. On each side of the vertex is an elongated polished spot, in front of which are inserted the antenne. Antenne short, slender, and with two exceptions seven-jointed. The two basal joints are globular, stouter than the others; the third, the longest, generally longer than the two basals taken together; fourth usually shortest; following joints longer. In Gyna- cantha the sixth joint is the longest. E. Heros has only six-jointed antenne ; the last joint the longest. In the La Guayra specimen the antennx are abnormal, being only five-jointed. Occiput rather flat, shorter in Brachytron than in the other described species; sides more or less oblique, sometimes nearly straight ; hind angles more or less rounded ; in Gynacantha forming a sharp angle; hind border more or less notched, approaching in some species a straight line. That part of the head which lies before the eyes forms a 10 THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. somewhat semicircular space, and consists of the following parts: a trans- verse short part, representing the front of the imago, separated by a well- marked border from asimilar space, representing the epistoma and rhinarium joined in front to the large transverse upper lip, the front part of which is larger than the base and has oblique sides. On each side next to the upper lip, the base of the mandibles is visible. The mandibles, maxille, and tongue offer as far as observed no special characters. Mask flat, long, covering the mouth parts beneath, as far as upper lip; extending to between middle legs, except in Gynacantha, in which it extends to hind legs. The fore border is ‘always broader than base, never more than twice as large, and the whole mask is more or less gradually enlarged forward. Side bent up and narrowly marginated, The middle third of fore border is produced and more or less rounded, sometimes forms an obtuse angle, and is always cleft, generally not deeply, —in Gynacantha more deeply, surmounted by a comb of small hairs ; on each side the cleft there is sometimes a small tooth, which in Gynacantha is strongly developed. Palpus consists of a narrow, nearly straight lobe, either straight at tip or slightly rounded, produced at inferior angle in more or less developed tooth, and more closely meeting the opposite one. The inner edge is either smooth or finely denticulated ; movable hook, strong, rounded, very sharp, somewhat bent towards the tip and generally reaching the base of opposite one, and exceptionally it either extends beyond the base of opposite or does not quite reach it. Prothorax small, rather convex, rounded behind, more or less produced at the sides; the stigmata are large, open, and transverse, placed behind the prothorax and not covered by it; except in the La Guayra specimen, in which they are completely covered. The sides of the prothorax are produced above the fore legs in two processes, more or less divided and of varying proportion to each other. The form and size of these processes, being mostly rather distinct in form and size in the different species, seem to afford good specific characters. Analogous but less developed processes are found above the middle legs, and indications of them above the hind legs. Legs equally distant at base, or so nearly as not to give any character of importance, except in the La Guayra species, in which the hind legs are markedly more distant at base. Legs slender, not reaching tip of abdomen; femora and tibiwe of nearly equal length; tarsi half length of tibie, three-jointed ;—basal joint very short; claws strong, bent, sharp. Thorax comparatively small. Wing cases large, reaching fourth segment or beyond. THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. ital Abdomen large, long, more or less tapering, more than half length of body, rounded above, flat beneath. Segments of equal length, tenth always, and occasionally the ninth shorter, no dorsal spies except in the La Guayra species. Lateral spines always on segments seven to nine, generally on six to nine, and exceptionally on five to nine and four to nine. Appendages as long or longer than the two last segments ; inferiors long, sharp, triangular ; middle ap- pendage generally a little shorter, notched at tip, —sometimes of equal lene th, with undivided or split tip. Lateral superiors cylindrical, generally shorter, exceptionally as long and sharp as inferiors. Male has on the basal portion of middle appendage a triangular projection ; short, sometimes cut at tip. Gen- itals not very distinctly marked; on ventral segments two, three, and nine. Female valve is visible on segment nine, sometimes reaching end of segment. The whole body is either smooth, or has a granulated appearance, which is due to microscopical spines and small holes, sometimes with flattened yellow or pale colored hairs of differing size, never however such as to give a hairy look, The La Guayra species is distinguished by its strongly sculptured ap- pearance. Generally, the occiput has on each side the median line a polished depression, and on the hind angles a series of parallel polished bands, sepa- rated by narrow rough lines. The abdomen has on each segment, less distinct on the first and apical segments, eight polished impressions; two near the median line and two on the edge of abdomen on each side. Color pale gray, sometimes darker or brownish black. There are frequently black spots on occiput, and the sides near the eyes are sometimes bordered with black. Legs have frequently darker rings on femora and tibizw, sometimes on tarsi. Abdomen has sometimes a broad dorsal band, pale in color, divided in centre by a band which is darker, except along the median line, which is again pale. Appendages have the tip some- times darker than the basal part. GYNACANTHA. Rambur, Hist. des Neuroptéres, p. 209. Body elongated, very slender, flattened. Length of head greater than breadth. Occiput deeply notched at base ; sides straight, forming right angle with base. Eyes narrow in proportion, two thirds length of head, not prom- inent, broadest in middle, not much produced at inner angles. Antenne seven-jointed; sixth joint longest. Mask extending between hind legs, very 12 THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. long, narrow, middle third of front border somewhat produced in two triangu- lar lobes, rather deeply cleft; on each side of cleft highly developed spinous processes. Legs very slender. Processes enclosing right angle; posterior longer, anterior thicker. Abdomen long; lateral spmes on segments six to nine. Appendages sharp, middle one as long as the inferiors, not deeply notched ; laterals somewhat shorter, male projection conical. 1. GYNACANTHA? SPECIES. PuateE III. Fre. 2. Hagen, Stettin Zeit. XIV. p. 268. Locality unknown, probably Brazil. Nymphz two, male and female not fully grown, types described by Hagen. Length, 42 mm.; breadth, 7 mm. oO ~ : A smaller nympha from Charleston, $. C., and one from Florida, and some 25 mm. length from Rio San Francisco, Brazil, Thayer Exp., are identical. Body exceptionally slender and elongated, flat. Head very flat, and longer than broad. Eyes elongated, two thirds the length of head, narrow, moderately prominent, at the hind inner angles somewhat produced ; sepa- rated from occiput by straight Ime. Ocelli hardly discernible, space between the eyes in general shape almost square. The two parts of the vertex are not very distinctly marked. The lobe at the sides large and polished ; part behind the eyes one third the length of head; sides straight; occiput long and deeply notched ; hind angles acute, and with polished bands separated by roughened lines on upper side. Antenne very slender, little longer than head, exceptional in having the sixth joint longest. Mask extending to be- tween hind legs, very long and narrow, enlarged abruptly at apical third to twice the width of basal portion; middle third of front border deeply cleft, into two very prominent teeth, placed one on each side on the inner slope of the cleft. Palpus finely denticulated, cut nearly straight at tip ; hooks of palpus prolonged so as to more than meet ; movable hooks extending beyond the base of each other, cylindrical. Prothorax nearly as broad as back part of head, rounded behind. Processes enclosing right angle, posterior one longer, anterior thicker. Legs slender, hind legs reaching middle of seventh segment. Thorax small; wing cases in the largest specimen, extend- ing only a little beyond first segment. Abdomen long, slender, small at base and enlarged as far as seventh segment; thence tapering, smooth; the eight impressions not very distinct. The four middle ones, transverse ; dorsal band THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. 13 darker on posterior segments, not well marked on the anterior ones. Side border somewhat projecting. Segments six to nine have lateral spines. Ap- pendages nearly equal in length to segments nine and ten, sharp of nearly oth, lateral superiors a little shorter ; lateral inferiors longest ; middle is equal len appendage very slightly notched. Male projection triangular, one third of leneth of middle appendage. Female valve distinguishable in young specimen. The determination is by supposition; no species living both in South Caro- lina and Brazil being known; indeed no species of Gynacantha is known in the United States. This is, however, not of so much importance, as Baron de Selys has described a species from Mexico. The nympha plainly belongs to /Eschnina, and its abnormal shape strongly points to Gynacantha; at least no other genus so abnormal is known. The different species of Gynacantha are very similar and are widely spread ; and as a species is described from Mexico and three from Cuba, one may also be found in South Carolina; this is even more probable by one full-grown female nympha, 40 mm. length, received from Haskinsville, St. John’s River, Florida. ANAX. Leach, Edinboro’ Encyclopedia, 1817. XI. p. 1, 137. The largest of the Aschnina. Head large, flat, breadth greater than length. Eyes large, forming two thirds of head, prominent, broadest at posterior portion, much produced at inner angle. Antenna have third joint longest. Occiput rounded at hind angles. Mask extending to middle legs, produced at middle third of front border in short, rounded, cleft lobe. Legs very slender. Abdomen large, lateral spines on segments seven to nine. Appendages long, sharp; middle one notched at tip. Male projection short, cut straight at tip. 2. ANAX FORMOSUS. Prats I. Fie. 1. Selys, Revue des Odonates, p. 110. Nympha, male and female, in alcohol and dry; one male just half trans- formed. Length, 52mm.; breadth, 10 mm. Locality, Vienna, Austria, raised by Dr. F. Brauer ; Silesia, Schneider. Coll. Mus. Comp. Zodl. Head very flat, rather broader than long. Eyes large, more prominent 14 THE IMMATURE STATE.OF THE ODONATA. than in A. Junius, separated from occiput by nearly straight line. Posterior part of vertex has indication of ocelli. Elongated elevations outside of vertex, large and marked. Antenne small, similar to Aschna. Occiput short, hind angle rounded with indistinct bands on upper side, notch of hind border rather shallow. Mask long, extending to between middle legs, narrow, gradually enlarged forward. Middle third produced in rounded lobe, cleft, with comb of hairs. Palpus meeting opposite one; narrow, cut straight at end, with lower angle produced in short tooth, finely denticu- lated; movable hook, sharp bent, reaching base of opposite one. Pro- thorax as broad as occiput, rather short. Stigmata behind the prothorax uncovered. Processes nearly equal in length, short, blunt, enclosing right angle, posteriors largest. Legs long, slender, nearly cylindrical, hind legs longest, reaching end of segment eight. Femora longer than tibiz; tarsi about one half length of tibix; apical joint making one half of tarsus; claws strong, sharp, bent; thorax comparatively small. Wing cases reaching nearly to segment five. Abdomen rather small at base, gradually enlarged to segment seven; thence tapering, rounded above, each segment with eight impressions. Dorsal band dark, interrupted throughout its length by paler line; lateral paler bands on each side; margin of abdomen darker, indis- tinctly marked with paler linear spots. Strong lateral spines on segments seven to nine; that on ninth as long as segment ten. Segments of equal length, tenth shorter. Inferior appendages long, sharp, as long as two last segments; middle one shorter than inferiors, notched; lateral superiors cylindrical, sharply pointed, half as long as middle one; male projection very small, cut square at tip, less than one half the length of laterals: fe- male valve two thirds of segment nine, small. Nymph described are types of H. Hagen, Stett. Zeit. XIV. p. 268, and F. Brauer, Neur. Austr. p. xvi. Dr. Hagen considers this species to be the “ Auschna grandis” described by L. Dufour, An. Nat. Ser. 3, XVII. p. 69, pl. 38, f. 1. The younger nymphs from Vienna, mentioned by H. Hagen, Stett. Zeit. XIV. p. 267, as belong- ing perhaps to Anax Parthenope, prove to be young specimens of Anax formosus. 3. ANAX MAURICIANUS. Rambur, Neuroptéres, p. 184. Nympha, male and female, dry, full-grown, and young. Length, 46 mm. ; breadth, 10 mm.; the smallest young, length, 26mm. Locality, Mauritius THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. 15 Island, Mr. Pike, one full-grown male and two younger ones in alcohol, to- gether with some imagos. Zanzibar, Mr. C, Cooke, ten specimens, male and female, in alcohol ; length, 25 to 26 mm. Very similar to A. formosus; differing by the two processes above the first legs, more blunt, enclosing an obtuse angle; mask narrower, the apical third more suddenly enlarged; middle appendage longer, nearly as long as the inferiors. I had at first the specimens from Zanzibar, considered to belong to A. formosus, and the young ones are indeed similar to this species. One male, 34 mm. long, does not show the male projection; the smallest, 26 mm. long, has the wing cases just covering the first segment. Apparently, the char- acters are not so well expressed in the young ones; and I consider them probably belonging to A. Mauricianus, though this species is not yet received from Zanzibar. 4. ANAX JUNIUS. PuatE I. Fic. 2. Drury ; Hagen, Synops. N. Amer. Neur. p. 118. Nympha, male and female, dry and in alcohol. Length, 40 to o2 mm. ; breadth, 10 mm. Locality, Springfield, Mass.; Boston and Cambridge, Mass.; Amherst, N. H.; Caledonia Creek and Crown Point, N. Y., Mr. J. A. Lintner; New Jersey; Detroit, Mich., Mr. H. J. Hubbard, a large number, young and full-grown ; Charleston, S. C.; Pilichody, Mobile, Ala. ; St. Louis, Mo., Mr. Ch. V. Riley, Kentucky; N. Mexico; Port de France, Martinique. Coll. Mus. Comp. Zoil. Very similar to Anax formosus. Differs in having the palpus not so straight at tip, with stronger end hooks; processes more obtuse, and enclos- ing an obtuse angle, of same size and shape ; lateral appendages having the lower end more abruptly pointed than A. formosus, in which it is taperin e. Male projection notched at tip. Very young specimens, 16mm. long, from Springfield and from Detroit, have the palpus cut straight at tip; wing cases covering first segment. Besides the numerous specimens in alcohol, there are three raised by Mr. Ch. V. Riley and Mr. 8. Henshaw. Several specimens from San Diego, Cal., differ in having two black teeth in the middle of the comb of the front border of the mask, and the abdo- men more bulky and broader. From the same locality and from the same collection A. validus was received. Nevertheless, it seems very doubtful 16 THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. that nymph very similar to those of A. Junius should belong to the gi- gantic and very different A. validus. A specimen in alcohol from New Mexico, Dr. Yarrow, differs by a shorter and broader mask. Perhaps it belongs to a new, still unknown species. A very young specimen in alcohol from Key West Island, Florida, Mr. Garman, differs by a large head and very long legs. Perhaps it belongs to A. longipes. 5. ANAX JULIUS. Brauer, Voyage of the “ Novara,” p. 63. Seven nymphe, male and female, in alcohol and dry. Length, from 28 to 50mm; breadth, from 6 to 10mm. Coll. Mus. Comp. Zoél. Locality, Kanagava, Japan. Very similar to the other forms of Anax. Processes as in A. Junius. Lateral appendages as in A. formosus. Male projection short, blunt; indica- tion of notch at tip. In full-grown female, wing cases reaching segment five ; palpus somewhat larger at tip, straighter, superior angle very little rounded ; female valve, two thirds of ninth segment. The nymphe were received, together with the imago. No other species is known from Japan. 6. ANAX GUTTATUS. Burm. Hdb. T. II. p. 340. Twelve nymphe, male and female, nearly full-grown, and young, in aleohol. Length, 60 to 40 mm.; breadth, 6 to 10mm. Coll. Mus. Comp. Zodl. Locality, Ebon, Marshall Island, Pacific Ocean, Rev. B. G. Snow. Longer and less broad than the other species. Mask reaching the base of hind legs, narrow, more than four times longer than the breadth of base, gradually enlarged forward; front margin rounded, cleft; palpus narrowed. to tip, superior angle obtuse, rounded ; lower angle forming a very strong tooth ; processes unequal, upper part blunt, lower part smaller, angular behind; enclosing a very obtuse angle, with a smaller median notch. Legs slender, long. Inferior appendages longer than the two last segments ; lateral appendages sharply pointed; male projection narrow at tip, cut square ; female valve small, half as long as the segment. The nymph were received, together with the imago. The supposed identity is probable. THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. ity. 7. ANAX AMAZILI. Burm. Hdb. II. p. 841. Nympha, full-grown, male and female, dry; one in alcohol. Length, 53 to 58mm.; breadth, 10mm. Locality, Jamaica, Mr. H. J. Hubbard; Central America. Similar to A. Junius, but considerably longer, though not broader; the mask four times longer than broad at the base (little more than three times longer in A. Junius); palpus cut straight at tip, with strong hook ; proc- esses above the first legs of equal size and length, enclosing a very obtuse angle; lateral appendages sharply pointed (in A. Junius dilated internally to the abruptly pointed tip); basal projection of the middle appendage of the male narrowed on tip and notched, about one third as long as the lateral appendages (broad on tip and emarginated, half as long as the lateral ap- pendages in A. Junius). A. Amazili is known from Cuba and Barbados, not yet from Jamaica; but there is no other species of Anax known from the Antilles. 8 ANAX SPECIES. Nymphe, full-grown and young, male and female in alcohol. Length, 20 to 42mm.; breadth, 9mm. Locality, Holy tank at Ibanca, East India, Rev. M. Carleton. Similar to A. Junius. Processes more blunt; posterior smaller, enclosing an obtuse angle. Mask longer, the front margin less prominent, more rounded, Palpus narrowed at tip, upper angle rounded, lower one produced in a strong oblique end hook, below finely denticulated. Appendages, as in A. Junius, abruptly pointed, more so at the male; projection of male slightly notched at tip. The determination of the species is not possible. One, A. immaculifrons, was received by Rev. M. Carleton, though not from the same locality. A. Bacchus, perhaps identical with A. Parthenope, lives in the sub-Himalaya ; and A. perplexus Hagen, from Kooloo Valley, Himalaya, was received by Rev. M. Carleton; both sexes. Perhaps the nymph belong to the latter undescribed species. 18 THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. ZESCHNA. Fabricius, Syst. Entom. Body stout in proportion. Head, breadth twice the length, flat. Eyes large, very prominent, rounded forward, prolonged at inner angles in en- larged lobe. Antennz have third joint longest. Mask extends to middle legs, large, broad; front border produced in short rounded lobe, cleft at middle. Legs longer and stouter than Anax. Abdomen broader; lateral spines on segment five or six to nine. Appendages long, sharp ; middle one notched at tip; laterals shorter than middle one. Male projection conical ; female valve reaching tip of segment. 9. ASCHNA RUFESCENS. Puate V. Fig. 4. Vander Linden; Selys, Revue des Odonates, p. 129. Nympha skins, male and female. Length, 40 to 44mm.; breadth, 9mm. Locality, Vienna, Austria. Raised by Dr. Brauer; Lueneburg, Mr. Heyer ; Koenigsberg, H. Hagen. _ Stout. Head large, flat, broader than long. Eyes large, very prominent, separated from occiput by nearly straight line. Occiput short, hind angles rounded and with polished bands on upper side; a polished spot on each side of the median line; hind border notched. Ocelli indicated. Anterior portion of vertex semicircular. Antennx short, not extending beyond the eyes; seven-jointed, third joint longest. Mask extending between middle legs, stout; length greater than breadth; enlarged gradually forward ; middle third somewhat produced; cleft in middle, with comb of hairs. Palpi broad, straight, cut square at end and produced only slightly in end hooks, finely denticulated. Movable hooks sharp and bent, thin, just reach- ing the base of their opposite. Prothorax not as broad as occiput, hind bor- der rounded, Processes enclosing an acute angle, anterior one half length of posterior, both sharp. Legs rather slender, hind legs longest, extending to eighth segment; femora somewhat arcuated ; two faintly-marked pale rings on lower portion of femora. Wing cases extending to fourth segment. Abdomen stout, very convex above, tapering from the middle to the tip, smooth; two parallel dark dorsal bands best defined at beginning of seg- ments. Lateral spmes on segments six to nine, strong, last shorter than segment ten. Appendages sharp, long as the last two segments; lateral THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. 19 inferiors longest, lateral superiors two thirds the length of middle, middle nearly or quite straight at tip. Male projection stout, blunt, triangular, angular, half length of lateral superior appendages. Female ventral valve reaches end of segment. The described nymphx are the types of Hagen Stettin Zeit. XIV. p. 267. Brauer, Neuropt. Austr. p. xvi. fi. De Geerii Dufour, Ann. se. nat. ser. 3, XVII. p. 69, pl. 3, fig. 3, is apparently this species. L. Dufour has overlooked the small lateral spine on segment 6. 10. ASCHNA GRANDIS. Puate II. Fie. 1. Linneus. Selys, Revue des Odonates, p. 131. Nympha skins. Length, 44mm; breadth, 9mm. Locality, Lueneburg, Mr. Heyer; Koenigsberg, Hagen. Dr. Hagen observed the transformation of this species more than thirty years ago. The specimens are, however, no longer in his collection. A large number of nympha skins sent him by M. Heyer, unassorted, as Al. grandis and Ad. viridis, were easily distinguishable as two species, but it could not be determined which were AZ. grandis and which Ai. viridis. Two specimens, both labelled A%. viridis, pinned during transformation, were sent by M. Heyer; but of these one has only the head developed, and the other the parts only as far as the metathorax ; and, as the color and shape are not fully shown, they can neither of them be considered as fully determined. These latter specimens, seeming probably As. viridis, Dr. Hagen refers the other nympha skins, which were sent before and were similar, to AS. viridis ; those dissimilar to Al. grandis. Very similar to AZ. rufescens; hind angles of occiput more sloping, line back of eyes more curved, palpus more convex and narrower. — Processes different, of equal length, more widely separated, anterior thinner, somewhat bent outward at tip. Appendages different; middle shorter in proportion to inferiors than in A%. rufescens. Lateral superiors about one half length of middle. Male projection shorter, tip sharper. This species is more brightly colored than 44. rufescens. Abdomen brownish, dorsal band broad and dark, divided by a light median line. The nymph described are the types of Hagen, Stettin Zeit. XIV. p. 268, and F. Brauer. Neur. Austr. p. xvi. Miss Olga Poljetajewa has raised this species, and fully described the nympha in Hore Ross, St. Petersburg. 1879, 5, p. 15. The description confirms the identity with the above-described nymph. 20 THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. 1l. ZASCHNA CYANEA. Prats IV. Fie. 3. Mueller. Selys, Revue des Odonates, p. 115. Nymph, in alcohol and skins, male and female. Length, 48 mm. ; breadth, 9mm. Locality, Vienna. Raised by F. Brauer ; Lueneburg, raised by M. Heyer; raised by Prof. Rosenhauer, Erlangen, Bavaria. Body elongated and slender. Head large, flat, narrow behind. Eyes large, prominent, globular, occupying half the head; inner hind angles much produced, Line between occiput and eyes curved. Sides of head oblique, hind angles rounded. Occiput notched; on each side of median line a pol- ished spot, on upper side of hind angles polished bands separated by rough- ened lines. Vertex, antenns, and mouth parts as in Ai. rufescens. Head grayish, with paler band at sides ; a pale spot on each side the median line of occiput. Mask extending between the middle legs; narrow at base, one half width of front border. Middle third of front border somewhat pro- duced, at very obtuse angle, cleft with a comb of hairs. Palpi meeting broad, cut straight at ends, and produced very slightly into end hooks, Movable hooks sharp and thin, reaching base of the opposite one. Protho- rax small, as broad as back part of occiput, ash gray at each side, pale at border. Processes short, scabrous, enclosing a little more than a right angle ; anterior shortest ; legs slender, hind legs reaching eighth segment. Femora and tibix ringed with two darker bands. Thorax not very large ; wing cases reaching fourth segment. Abdomen long, slender, enlarged gradually te beyond the middle, thence tapering, grayish ; dorsal band dark, divided by paler band; a pale band on each side of dorsal band. Segments of about equal length, except tenth, which is shorter. Lateral spines on segment six to nine. Inferior appendages as long as two last segments, triangular, sharp : lateral superiors one half length of inferiors. Middle appendage notched ; male projection conical, rather enlarged at base, shorter than lateral appen- dages. The whole body finely granulated with what appears, when highly magnified, to be spines pointing backward, and with short yellow hairs inserted behind them. Genital parts of the male indicated, those of the female extending somewhat beyond the ninth segment. The nymph described are types of Hagen, Stettin Zeit. XIV. p. 266; and F. Brauer, Neur. Austr. p. xvi. %schna innominata, Dufour, Ann. se. nat. ser. 3, XVII. p. 69, pl. 3, f. 5, is apparently A. cyanea. THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. Jil 12. ASCHNA JUNCEA. Pruate LV. Fie. 1. Linneeus; Selys, Revue des Odonates, p. 116. Three nymphe, male and female, skins, by M. Heyer; five from J. Boll, Length, 44 m.; breadth, 8mm. Locality, Lueneburg, Zurich. Five nymph raised by Mr. J. Boll, Switzerland. Very similar to AS. cyanea, a little shorter. Processes strikingly differ- ent. Anterior only half as large as posterior and much smaller. Granula- tion, color of legs, body, and appendages as in Al. cyanea. The lateral appendages are more slender and more pointed, and the hind angles of occiput more rounded than in Al. grandis, The imago has been raised, and the nympha shortly described, by Miss Olga Poljetajewa, I. ¢. p. 15. 5 J 2 13. AASCHNA VIRIDIS. PuatE V. Fie. 5. Eversmann. Selys, Revue des Odonates, p. 127. Nympha skins, male and female ; and full-grown nympha, dry. Locality, Lueneburg, M. Heyer; Keeingsberg, H. Hagen. Length, 42 mm.; breadth, 9 mm. Similar to A#. rufescens, more slender. Head narrower behind; hind angles of occiput more rounded. Sides of head not so straight. Mask somewhat shorter and broader. Palpus narrower, more convex. Processes nearly equal length, enclosing nearly a right angle; tips bent outward. Abdomen more slender, uncolored ; lateral spines on segments six to nine. Middle appendage shorter and more notched than in AX. rufescens ; lateral superiors short, one half length of middle one; male projection nearly as long as the lateral superiors, conical, tip rather sharp. The species was raised by Miss Olga Poljetajewa, I. c. p. 15. She says the nympha is very similar to AS. juncea, except that the lateral spines of abdo- men are developed as well as in “E. grandis. 14. ZSCHNA MIXTA. Puate VY. Fic. 2. Latreille; Selys, Revue des Odonates, p: 122. Nympha skins, male and female, raised by M. Heyer. Length, 33mm.; breadth, 7mm. Locality, Lueneburg. oo THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. Similar to 42. cyanea. Body shorter, and stouter in proportion. _ Head flatter. Eyes larger and more prominent, separated from occiput by nearly straight line. Vertex more in the same plane with the eyes. Occiput shorter and straighter behind. Bands on hind angles less marked; color vrayish; a pale elongated spot on each side of median line, and a narrow pale band on hind angle, often scarcely discernible. Mask long, extending through middle legs, gradually enlarged; front border a little more than twice width of base; middle third of front border somewhat produced and rather widely cleft, with comb of hairs. Palpus broad. rounded at upper angle, and produced in very short black teeth at lower angles; denticulation beneath discernible; movable hook, reaching the base of opposite one. Prothorax as broad as back part of occiput, rounded behind. Processes stout and blunt, not much separated, anterior more contracted. Legs very slender; hind legs extending to ninth segment, ash-gray ; femora with two pale rings. Wing cases extending to middle of fifth segment. Abdomen short, stout, tapermg from seventh segment; dorsum very convex; finely granulated as in AM. cyanea, but with whitish hairs; color grayish; each seg- ment with eight darker impressed spots, four on middle and two on each side near margin. Segments of nearly equal length, except tenth, which is half as long; lateral spines on segments six to nine; that of ninth nearly as long as tenth segment. Inferior appendages as long as two last segments, triangular, sharp; middle appendage notched, not so long as inferiors; lat- eral superiors rather more than half length of middle one, cylindrical, slen- der, and sharp. Male projection conical, rather sharp, nearly as long as lateral superiors. Male genital parts slightly marked ; female valve extending some- what beyond ninth segment. 15. ASCHNA AFFINIS. Puate V. Fie. 3. Vander Linden; Selys, Revue des Odonates, p. 124. Nympha, male, raised by F, Brauer. Length, 33 mm.; breadth, 7 mm, Locality, Vienna. Similar to 44. mixta. More slender in proportion. Eyes not so large or prominent. Occiput more rounded. Mask shorter and broader in propor- tion, extending through middle legs, enlarged gradually forward, so that front border is twice as broad as base; middle third not so produced as in AX. mixta, and finely cleft, with a comb of hairs. Palpus broad and straight THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. 93 ut ends, and more nearly meeting than in AS. mixta. Movable hooks as in i. mixta. Prothorax similar to Ai. mixta. Processes blunt, depression be- tween them very shallow, of nearly equal size. Abdomen more slender. iron gray; the whole insect of this color; dorsal band darker, interrupted by lighter spots, Lateral spines on segments five to nine, that on fifth very small. Spine of ninth shorter than tenth segment. Finely granulated; hairs pale, and when present finer and shorter than in mixta. Appendages similar, except lateral superiors, only half as long as middle one, somewhat longer than male projection. The nympha described is the type of Hagen, Stettin Zeit. XIV. p. 267; and F. Brauer, Neur. Austr. p. xvi. 16. ASCHNA EREMITICA. PratEe IT. Pre. 2: Seudder, Proc. Boston N. H. Soc. XI. Ds 23: Nymph, male and female, skins, and some not full-grown, in alcohol. Length, 39 to 47mm.; breadth, 10mm. Locality, mouth of Red River of the North; Hermite Lake, White Mountains, New Hampshire, Mr. Sanborn ; Minnesota. Coll. Mus. Comp. Zoil. Sinilar in general shape to A®. rufescens. Head much larger, remark- ably large in proportion. Eyes large and prominent. Occiput not very deeply notched behind; sides oblique, and rounded at hind angles; three polished spots on middle; polished bands on hind angles. Antenne, third joint nearly as long as first and second; fourth, about one half third ; other, somewhat longer. Mask broad, passing through middle legs, gradually en- larged forward; base more than half width of front border ; middle third produced in small rounded lobe, cleft and with comb of hairs. Palpus cut straight at end; rather flat, nearly or quite smooth. End hooks short: movable hook bent, sharp, reaching base of opposite one. Prothorax as broad as hind part of occiput. Legs slender, hind legs reaching ninth seg- ment. Femora with dark ring on lower part. Processes long, of equal length, sharp, enclosing somewhat less than right angle, a little bent out- ward. Wing cases reaching segment five. Abdomen rather broad ; enlarged gradually to seventh segment, thence tapering rather abruptly. Segments with four dorsal and four lateral darker spots, and two polished impressions on each side; tenth seement shortest. Lateral spines on segments five to nine, that on ninth nearly as long as tenth segment. All segments finely 24 THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. eranulated. Appendages longer than two last segments; sharp, middle one a little shorter than inferiors, deeply notched; lateral superiors cylindrical, sharp, nearly two thirds as long as middle one.- Female valve not quite reaching end of segment nine. Male projection conical, rather sharp, a little shorter than lateral superiors. The two male specimens are not fully developed in these parts, being only 30 and 55mm. long. A full-grown fe- male specimen from Minnesota, 47mm. long, belongs apparently to this species. The determination seems to be justified, as Mr. Sanborn found nymph and imago at the same place, Hermit Lake, in middle of July. 17. ZSCHNA CONSTRICTA. Puate III, Fie. 1. Say. Hagen, Synopsis N. American Neur, p. 123. Nymphe, two full-grown, in alcohol. Length, 41 mm.; breadth, 7 mm. Locality, Shooley’s Mountain, Pa.; Boston, Mass., raised by Mr. 8. Henshaw. Coll. Mus. Comp. Zoi. Similar to AS. eremita. Longer and more slender in proportion. Head very similar. Mask narrower at base, more abruptly enlarged at apical third. Palpus finely denticulated, tip cut straight. Processes similar to A. eremitica, not so long nor so sharp, the anterior less bent, the posterior a little larger. Legs similar in shape, shorter in proportion; hind legs not reaching segment eight. Granulation on abdomen very fine. Lateral spies on segments six to nine, an indication on fifth. Ninth segment half length of tenth. Inferior appendages as long as two last segments, very sharp ; middle one not so long as inferiors; deeply notched; lateral superiors more than half length of middle one, cylindrical and abruptly sharpened. Male projection conical, somewhat shorter than lateral superiors, sharp. Hairs among granulation, small, yellowish. Two full-grown female nymph, one from Maryland, the other without locality, and a small male seem to belong to this species. Male, in alcohol, from Lake Champlain, is sufficiently like to be placed in this species. Some- what less slender, darker in color; two black rings on femora and tibiae and on end of tarsal joints. A very small nympha from Bethel, Me., and some younger ones from Cambridge, Mass., are colored in the same manner. Abdomen in many specimens dark, varied with short linear spaces of paler color and with large THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. 2 I or black rings on femora and tibia. This nympha is figured by Mr. F. San- born, Report Mass. Board of Agricult., 1862, p. 149, and copied in A. S. Packard’s Guide, p. 602. Mr. Sanborn stated it to be the nympha of one of the most common species, and Mr. Packard considered that it belonged to J. constricta or A. clepsydra. The type of Mr. F. Sanborn’s figure is in his collection of nymph. A full-grown nympha from Sitka, Northwest America, belongs perhaps to Al. Sitkensis. It is in bad condition, and is not figured, but is very sim- ilar to the above described species. Three nymph, supposed to belong to A%. clepsydra, multicolor, and ver- ticalis were not described. None of them is full-grown. 18. ZSCHNA SPECIES. PLATE IV. Fria. 2. Nymphex, male and female, very young to full-grown. Length, 20 to 57mm.; breadth, 9mm. Locality, Himalaya, Kooloo, and Sutledge River. Rey. M. Carleton. Similar to Anax ; very long, but narrow; third joint of antennx about as long as the following together. Processes blunt ; posterior more prominent, enclosing an obtuse angle. Mask cleft wider, with a small black tooth on each side. Palpus cut straight at tip, upper angle sharp and lower one _pro- duced in a strong end hook ; below finely denticulated. Lateral appendages half length of middle one, abruptly pointed. Male projection shorter, con- ical, Femora with dark rings before the lower end. Abdomen not very thickly covered with spimous tubercles. No imago arrived with the nymphxw. Perhaps they belong to AZ. ampla. 19. AASCHNA SPECIES. Prats I. Fie. 4. Nine nymphx, male and female, full-grown and young, in alcohol. Length, 45mm.; breadth, 9mm. Locality, Rio San Francisco and Carun- dahi, Rio do Maeacos; one male nympha from Reajinha River, near Corpo de Pompo, from Barbacena, Brazil. Thayer Expedition. Coll. Mus. Comp. Zool. Full-grown and very young nymphe, 24 mm. long, wine cases not reach- ing first segment, from Rio do Macacos have appendices similar. 26 THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. Similar to Auschna grandis, stout. Eyes rather large and more prom- inent. Ocelli indicated. Antennx very small; third joint length of first and second and twice as long as fourth. Occiput more deeply notched than in Aschna grandis, sides oblique and rounded ; a number of polished bands on upper side. Mask extending to between middle legs, broad, enlarged eradually forward, middle third produced in short rounded lobe, cleft, sides of cleft rounded and on each side a small black tooth. Palpus denticulated, cut straight at tip, movable hook extending somewhat beyond base of oppo- site one. Prothorax rounded behind; processes sharp, enclosing rather less than right angle; posterior nearly twice as long as anterior, and bent back- ward. Legs rather slender; femora arcuated; hind legs reaching middle of seventh segment. Abdomen broad and stout, rather densely covered with short yellow hairs; dorsal band dark ; lateral spines on segments six to nine, spine on ninth shorter than tenth segment. Appendages rather longer than two last segments, very sharp; lateral superiors nearly as long as inferiors, very sharp; middle appendage somewhat shorter and deeply notched. Male projection conical, rather sharp, one half length of middle appendage. Fe- male valve reaching somewhat beyond ninth segment. This species cannot be determined. It may perhaps belong to a peculiar group named Ura- cantha by De Selys. To this group belong Aéschna Januaria, Hagen’s Sy- nopsis, Aischna castor, Brauer, Voyage of Novara, and two or three species not yet described. . Two nymphe from Rio Janeiro, Brazil, are similar, but belong probably to a related but different species. BRACHYTRON. Evans, British Libellulina, p. 22. Body elongated, lateral spines on segments six to nine. slender. Head rather small and convex; base of occiput narrow. Eyes small in proportion. Front border of mask produced in oblique angle, cleft; no teeth. Legs rather short. Appendages short; middle one somewhat shorter than in- feriors, cut at tip; laterals short. Male projection conical; female valve not. reaching tip of segment. eT THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. Oa 20. BRACHYTRON PRATENSE. Prate V. Fie. 1. Mueller. Selys, Revue Odonates, p. 115. Nympha skins, male and female. Length, 39 to 42mm. ; breadth, 7 mm. Locality, Vienna, raised by F. Brauer; raised by Mr. Heyer, Lueneburg ; Danzig, by Mr. Brischke ; Silesia from Charpentier. Long and slender. Head smaller in proportion than in the other Euro- pean species, narrower behind, more convex on top. Eyes rather small, placed at forward angles of head, prominent, and separated from occiput by very curved line. The inner hind angles much produced and rounded, with no appearance of facets, which occur in other species, with exception of AA. affinis, which wants facets in inner part of produced angle. Occiput longer, hind angle sharper and notched behind at almost a right angle; a spot on each side of median line, which forms a ridge; polished bands on hind angles. Antenne differ in having third joint only half length of fourth. Mask reaching middle legs, less gradually enlarged, enlargement being chiefly of apical third; more produced at middle third of front border, cleft narrower, and comb of hairs longer. Palpus shorter, more denticulated ; movable hook not meeting the base of opposite one, nearly as thick at base as palpus. Prothorax small, a little wider than hind border of occiput, more rounded behind. Stigmata uncovered. Processes not much separated ; an- terior nearly twice as long as posterior. Legs shorter and stronger; hind legs reaching middle seventh segment; femora somewhat arcuated. Wing cases reaching fourth segment. Abdomen long, slender, broadest at middle, tapering gradually, smooth; four dark spots in middle of each segment, two on each side, and near margin two polished impressions. Segments nearly equal in length, except tenth, which is somewhat shorter. Lateral spines small on segments six to nine; only indicated on sixth sometimes; that on ninth only one third length of tenth seezment. Appendages short and blunt, a little longer than segment ten. Inferiors eut obliquely, middle one nearly as long, cut straight at tip, not notched. Lateral superiors nearly as long as middle one, bluntly pointed. Male projection large, conical, rounded, more than half length of lateral superiors. Male genitals slightly marked; female valve not reaching end of ninth segment. ) The nymph described are the types of Hagen, Stett. Zeit. XIV. p. 268, and Brauer, Neur. Austr. p. xvi. 28 THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. GOMPHZi5CHNA. Body long, slender. Eyes rather small. Abdomen with lateral spines on segments five to nine. Appendages as long as segments nine and ten. Inferiors sharp, bent inward at tip ; middle one a little shorter, sharp, bifid at tip; laterals very short. 21. GOMPHASCHNA FURCILLATA. PuateE II. Fie. 4. Say. Hagen, Synopsis N. Amer. Neur. p. 131. Two nymphe, in alcohol, young. Length, 26mm.; breadth, 7mm. (figured). Locality, Berkshire, Tioga County, N. Y. Three male and fe- male, length, 32 mm., Brookline, Mass. Two young, Cambridge, Mass. Head large, very broad; length less than half the breadth, much nar- rower behind. Eyes very prominent, placed at forward angles, separated from occiput by very curved line; space between the eyes wide, convex. Posterior portion formed of three orbicular elevations, showing the indica- tions of ocelli more distinctly than in the other species. Antenne small, third joint somewhat longer than fourth. Occiput short, rough, with yel- lowish scales, sides oblique: hind angles somewhat more than a right angle, with parallel polished bands; elliptical polished spot on each side of median line; hind border not very deeply notched. Mask extending to between middle legs gradually enlarged forward. Middle third of front border rather strongly produced ; cleft and with a well defined tooth on each side of cleft. Palpus meeting the opposite one, straight on tip, somewhat arcuated ; inner border rounded and finely denticulated; end hook small; movable hook bent, reaching base of opposite one. Prothorax narrow, as broad as occiput, somewhat bent up at sides. Processes conical, sharp, enclosing rather less than right angle; posterior somewhat shortest and not so sharp. Legs rather strong, arcuated; hind legs reaching segment eight. Femora and tibix ringed twice with darker color. Wing cases reaching somewhat be- yond second segment. Abdomen stout in proportion; lateral spines on seg- ments five to nine, strong; that on ninth nearly as long as tenth segment; tenth segment as long as ninth. Appendages stout, sharp, hairy, as long as two last segments. Inferiors pyramidal, sharp, and somewhat curved inward; middle one nearly as long as inferiors, and split at tip; lateral superiors only one fourth as long as middle one, conical. Male projection conical, as long as THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. 29 the lateral superiors. Male genitals indicated ; female valve, in young speci- men, -— only 19 mm. long, — only half length of segment, hairy. There is a smaller specimen in the coll., Lee Co., Virginia, length, 12 mm., similar ; differs only in having the middle appendix more widely split and the in- feriors more curved. This determination is only conjectural, as G. furcillata has in imago the inferior appendage of the male bifid. Perhaps the young nympha from Virginia may belong to G. antilope. NEURAISCENA. Similar to Gompheschna; movable hook, extending somewhat beyond the base of opposite one. Lateral spines on segments four to nine. Ap- pendages long, middle one as long as inferiors, pointed ; laterals very short. 22. NEURZSCHNA VINOSA (QUADRIGUTTATA). Prate II. Fre. 3. Say. Hagen, Synopsis N. Amer. Neur. p. 130. Nine nymphe, male and female, full-grown and young, in alcohol. Length, 35mm.; breadth, 7mm. Coll. Mus. Comp. Zool. Locality, Berk- shire, Tioga County, N. Y., from M. A. Mayer; Kentucky; Vermont; Lake Superior. Lone, rather stout. Head as in G. furcillata. Eyes broader at imner hind angles. Vertex shorter. Ocelli hardly indicated ; antennz, third joint, as long as first and second ; fourth more than half length of third; following as long as fourth. Occiput notched behind. Sides oblique ; parallel bands on hind angles less defined. Mask extending to between middle legs, rather narrow in proportion; middle third of front border produced in obtuse lobe, cleft, and with a black tooth on each side of cleft. Palpus similar to G. fur- cillata. Movable hook reaching somewhat beyond base of opposite one. Prothorax similar. Processes more prominent, sharp, of nearly equal length, and enclosing rather less than right angle. Anterior more compressed. Legs rather stouter in proportion, short; hind legs reaching seventh seg- ment. Femora and tibiz with two paler rings. Tarsal joint darker at end. Wing cases reaching somewhat beyond middle of fourth segment. Abdo- men straighter at side than Gompheschna; rough, marked with eight polished impressions. Lateral spines on segments four to nine, those on ninth nearly 30 THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. as long as tenth segment. Appendages a little shorter than segments nine and ten, stout, sharp, hairy. Inferiors triangular, sharp ; middle appendage as long as inferiors, sharp-pointed at tip; lateral superiors short, less than one fourth length of middle one, blunt. Male projection as long as laterals, triangular, rounded at tip; female valve half length of ninth segment, hairy at edges, There is a young specimen in the collection, 17 mm., similar. The above determination is conjectural. There is no other described species to which this nympha seems so likely to belong. EPIASCHNA. Hagen Ms’s. Body stout; antenne six-jointed, sixth longest, pointed. Prothorax bluntly pointed at outside angles. Legs short in proportion. Abdomen large and broad. Segments four to nine have lateral spines; inferior and middle appendages of equal length. 23. EPIZSCHNA HEROS. Puate [. Fie. 3. fschna Heros. Fab. Ent. Pyst. Suppl. p. 285. Hagen. Synopsis, N. Amer. Neur. p. 128. Nympha, female, full-grown, alcoholic. Length, 50mm.; breadth, 12 mm, Locality unknown; Portland, Me., raised by Mr. Jones. Coll. Comp. Zool. Stout, head large, rather convex, slopes rather abruptly at sides. Eyes rather small in proportion, prominent, egg-shaped, prolonged obliquely at inner angles in a lobe which is divided by a linear impression, in front of which the lobe has indications of facets, behind rough and like occiput, except just along border of occiput, where it is obscurely facetted. Vertex rather above the level of the eyes; indications of ocelli on posterior por- tion; anterior semicircular, small. Antenne six-jointed, small ; third longer than fourth, somewhat shorter than the two basals; sixth longer than fourth and fifth together, pointed. Occiput longer than fore part of head, rough- ened by small black tubercles; sides oblique, rounded at hind angles; rather deeply notched behind ; polished bands on hind angles. Mask extending to middle legs, enlarged at apical half rather abruptly, and rounded at sides; middle third of foreborder not much produced, cleft rather shallow, on each side of cleft a small tooth. Palpus meeting opposite one, cut straight at end, THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. 31 lower angle produced in tooth, inner edge sharply denticulated. Movable hook, sharp, bent, not reaching base of opposite one. Prothorax small. nearly as broad as occiput, notched in front; median line impressed ; front angles produced and sharp. Processes long, not very sharp, not much sep- arated ; posterior half as long as anterior. Legs short, of nearly equal length, middle legs reaching seventh segment; femora somewhat bent. Wing cases nearly reaching segment five. Abdomen broad, rounded above, rounded off rather abruptly beyond seventh segment. Segments of nearly equal length, tenth shortest, almost smooth ; eight dark points on each seg- ment, as in B. pratense. Stout lateral spines on segments four to nine, smaller on four and five. Lateral spines on segment nine only one third length of tenth segment. Appendages stout, blunt, one half longer than segment ten. Lateral inferiors cut obliquely at tip; middle a little notched on tip, as long as inferiors. Lateral superiors cylindrical, strong, pointed, somewhat more than half the length of middle one. Female valve reach- ing end of segment nine. There are in the collection two very young male nymph, 20 and 22 mm. lone ; g; one from Medford, Mass., very similar to the above. Antennx six-jointed, male projection just indicated, conical, flat, shorter than the lateral superiors. The peculiar features, unusual number of joints of antenne, etc., were strong reasons for referring it, even before it was raised, to Epizeschna Heros, which is the largest species living in this country, and differs so considerably from other species as to form a new genus. ZESCHINNA ?? Body stout, short, broad in proportion. Head, length half breadth. Eyes in anterior half of head, orbicular, rather small comparatively, pro- longed at inner hind angles in narrow and extended lobe. Antenne five (2), Jointed, third joint longest. Mask extending to middle legs, small compar- atively ; middle third of foreborder produced in cleft lobe, having a small tooth on each side of cleft. Legs strong, long, and with femora notched at upper edge ; hind legs more separated at base than fore and middle legs. Abdomen rather rounded behind than tapering ; tenth segment enclosed in ninth. Dorsal spines on all segments; lateral spines on all segments. Appendages short, stout. sharp on tip; middle one blunt. Male projection conical. This curious nympha was referred to Gomphina at first, with which it 32 THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. agrees more in general appearance than with schnina. The three-jointed tarsi and slender antennx are like Cordulegaster, from which, however, it is excluded by the different shape of mask, which again refers it to “Eschnina. A nearer determination is now not possible. 24. ZASCHNA (?) SPECIES. Puate III. Fie. 3. Male nympha, dried. Length, 37 mm.; breadth, 13mm. _ Locality, La Guayra, Venezuela. Stout, short, broad, somewhat depressed, in general looking like some forms of Gomphus. Head, body, and legs covered with cylindrical or pyr- amidal spines, dark at the base and light-yellow at upper portion, which has a slight depression, in which there may be an orifice. The spies point backward, and vary in size. Head large; breadth, twice length. Eyes prominent, prolonged at the inner angle into a triangular lobe, which in the specimen is wrinkled so as to have appearance of vanes of a feather. Sit- uated in front of this is a polished ridge lighter in color. Upper lip very large. Vertex rather wide and slightly convex ; posterior portion showing indications of ocelli. Antenne rather short, five-jointed; two basal joints globular; third as long as both basals, cylindrical ; fourth shorter than fifth, which is also shorter than third and pointed. It is possible there may be two more rudimentary joints; but from the single specimen, which has only one of the antennz, it is impossible to decide. Occiput rather deeply notched, sides oblique, hind angles rounded. Just back of eyes is a small conical projection near each side. Mask small in proportion, extending between middle legs, narrow and gradually enlarged; middle third of foreborder somewhat produced, and cleft surmounted by comb of light hairs, and with a small tooth on each side of cleft. Palpus nearly if not quite smooth. Movable hooks, slender, and bent near tip. Prothorax as broad as occiput ; cut rather square at sides, and projected in rather sharp angle at forward part. Stigmata entirely covered. Thorax rather long in proportion. Legs strong, formed for running; fore and middle legs of nearly equal length ; hind lees longer, reaching ninth segment. The femora of all the legs are stouter and shorter than the tibia, and have a notched hook on the upper edge;- tarsi three-jointed. Processes above fore legs of equal length; posterior one tri- angular, sharp; anterior large, square, notched at tip. Abdomen stout, THE IMMATURE STATE OF THE ODONATA. 3 Oo broader than the thorax, and rather rounded behind than tapering. The seoments are produced at the sides in modified spines, giving the general appearance of the abdomen’s being notched and slightly turned up at the edges. The segments have dorsal spines more developed on the third and fourth segments than on the following. Segments of nearly equal length ; ninth longest at sides, and enclosing the tenth, which is much shorter. Ap- pendages short. Middle appendage pyramidal, two thirds as long as infe- riors, blunt. Male projection one half length of middle appendage. Inferiors three-cornered, length somewhat greater than breadth. Lateral superiors less than half as long as middle one, very small, blunt, pyramidal. Genital parts are visible on second and third ventral segments and valves on ninth. It is very difficult to place this nympha. The mask is like A’schna in the produced and cleft middle third of foreborder. The antenne have two joints less than Auschna(?) as far as can be seen. The legs have three- jointed tarsi, as in Aischna, but are not equally distant at base, as is the case in all known forms of Auschna, while the notched appearance of upper edge of femora is wholly peculiar. The processes above front legs are Aschna-like, there being no such formation in Gomphina. The form of abdomen is more like Gomphus than A%schna, as are the dorsal hooks ; the sides of abdomen are more like Gomphus and Hagenius, as is also the enclosed tenth segment. The appendages are peculiar, but more like Gomphus than Aischna. The entirely closed stigmata are again unlike Aischnina. The imago is perhaps still unknown. It may belong to Staurophlebia, but is certainly not ASschna or Anax. The large size of upper lip would suggest Zonophora among Gomphina, but Cordulegaster is the only known genus of Gomphina having three-jointed tarsi, and the form of the mask is quite unlike that of Cordulegaster. The marked and peculiar sculpture is unlike Auschnina and Gomphina, unless in some species of North American Aschnina, which show a somewhat similar sculpture. Altogether, the nympha is the most peculiar observed. A second specimen of this nympha, in the collection of Professor Rosen- hauer, in Erlangen, Bavaria, is stated to be received from Chili. Perhaps the aberrant nympha may belong to a species of the aberrant genus Petalia. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES DESCRIBED. SUBFAMILY ASCHNINA. DIVISION I. — Antenne SEvVEN-JOINTED. A. Head longer than broad ; mask extending through hind legs ; front border of mask in the middle with two sharp triangular lobes. Gynacantha Ramb. (Supposition.) Body very slender, flattened; head long; eyes small, not very prominent, slightly pro- duced at inner hind angles; occiput sharply prolongated behind on each side; mask long, narrow ; lateral spines on segments six to nine. 1. G. spec. Nympha, full-grown. Brazil, South Carolina, and Florida. Characters of the genus : appendages sharp; the middle one as long as the inferiors, cut at tip, slightly notched; laterals a little shorter; male projection conical. B. Head broader than long. Anax Leach. The giants of the family. Body long, stout ; eyes large, more prominent in the middle fajreir) of the flat head; mask extending beyond middle legs; front border produced in a short rounded lobe, cleft in middle; legs slender; abdomen large; lateral spines on segments seven to nine ; appendages strong, sharp, the middle one shorter, notched ; laterals half as long; male projection short, cut at tip; female valves shorter than the segment. 2. A. Formosus Vander Linden. (Raised.) Europe ; full-grown nymphe. The two processes above first legs short, broad at tip; in right angle, the posterior larger; both enclosing a right angle; lateral appendages sharply pointed; male projection cut straight. 36 SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES DESCRIBED. 3. A. Mauricianus Rambur. (Supposition.) Nympha, full-grown, male and female, Mauritius Isl.; Zanzibar. Similar to A. formosus ; processes blunt, enclosing an obtuse angle; mask more suddenly enlarged; middle appendage nearly as long as inferiors. 4. A. Junius Drury. (Raised.) Nymphe, full-grown and young, male and female. United States. Processes similar to A. formosus, more obtuse at tip, equal in size; lateral appendages cylindrical, pointed suddenly at tip; male projection notched at tip. 5. A. Julius Brauer. (Supposition.) Nymphe, male and female. Japan. Processes and lateral appendages similar to A. formosus; male projection as in A. Junius. 6. A. Guttatus Burm. (Supposition.) Nymphe, full-grown, male and female. Marshall Isl., Pacific Ocean. Body more elongated ; processes inequal, anterior blunt, posterior smaller, angular behind ; enclosing a very obtuse angle, with small median notch; male projection narrow at tip, cut square. 7. A. Amazili Burm. (Supposition.) Nymphs, full-grown, male and female. Jamaica; Central America. Similar to A. Junius, but more elongated; processes of equal length and size, enclosing a very obtuse angle; lateral appendages sharply pointed; male projection shorter; notched at tip. 8. A. spec. Nymph, male and female. East India. Similar to A. Junius; processes more blunt, posterior smaller, enclosing an obtuse angle; lateral appendages abruptly pointed ; male projection notched at tip. 4Hischna Fabr. Body, long, stout ; head large ; eyes very prominent at the forecorner; mask extending to middle legs, broad, front border slightly produced in round or oblique lobe, cleft; legs longer, stouter ; abdomen broader; lateral spines on segments six to nine, or five to nine, or four to nine; appendages long, sharp; male projection conical; female valves reaching tip of segment. A. Lateral spines on sixth to ninth segments ; no teeth on front border of mask ; lateral appendages shorter than the inferiors ; middle one notched ut tip. 9. #6. Rufescens Vander Lind. (Raised.) . Nymphs, full-grown, male and female. Europe. Hind angles of head rounded; mask large, gradually enlarged; processes enclosing an a SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES DESCRIBED. 37 acute angle, triangular, sharp, the anterior half length of the posterior; lateral appendages only one fourth shorter than middle one. 10. 4. Grandis Linn. (Raised.) Nymph, full-grown, male and female. Europe. Hind angles of head more oblique ; mask similar to A. rufescens ; processes longer, more separated, of equal length, sharp, bent a little outwards, the anterior rather slender; lateral appendages about half the length of the middle one. il. ZB. Cyanea Muell. (Raised.) Nymphe, full-grown, male and female. Europe. Hind angles of head oblique; basal half of mask, narrower ; processes short, about of equal length, enclosing a right angle; posterior larger, rounded in sides; lateral appendages half length of middle one. 12. 2. Juncea Linn. (Raised.) Nymphe, full-grown, male and female. Europe. Similar to Al. cyanea; anterior process half length of posterior, much smaller. 13. #4. Viridis Eversm. (Raised.) Nymphe, full-grown, male and female. Europe. Similar to Al. rufescens; hind angles of head more oblique ; processes of equal length, sharp tips a little bent outwards, enclosing right angle; lateral appendages half length of middle one. 14. 2. Mixta Latr. (Raised.) Nymphe, full-grown, male and female. Europe. Similar to AZ. cyanea; hind angles of head rounded; mask gradually enlarged at apical third ; processes blunt, stout, equal in length, anterior narrower; not much separated; lateral appendages about half length of middle one. 15. #4. Affinis Vander Lind. (Raised. ) Nympha, full-grown, male. Europe. Similar to Al. mixta, more slender; processes blunt, very slightly separated, of equal length and size; lateral appendages shorter. B. Lateral spines on fifth to ninth segments ; no teeth on front border of mask ; lateral appendages shorter than the inferiors ; middle one notched at tip. 16. #4. Eremitica Scudder. (Supposition.) Nymphe, full-grown, male and female. Arctic America and New Hampshire. Similar to AB. rufescens; hind angles of head oblique ; processes long, equal, sharp, tips bent a little outwards, enclosing less than right angle; lateral appendages two thirds length of middle one; female valves not quite reaching tip of segment. | | | | 38 SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES DESCRIBED. 17. A. Constricta Say. (Raised.) Nymphe, full-grown, male and female. United States. Similar to Z. eremitica, more slender; apical half of mask less enlarged; processes sim- ilar, less sharp, the anterior less bent outwards, the posterior a little larger; lateral spine of segment fifth generally only indicated; lateral appendages longer than half the middle one. C. Lateral spines on sixth to ninth segments; front border of mask with two small teeth; tip of middle appendage notched. 18. Z@schna spec. Nymph full-grown, male and female. Himalaya. Similar to Anax, very long; processes blunt, posterior more prominent, enclosing obtuse angle; lateral appendages half length of middle one, abruptly pointed. 19. #@schna spec. Nymphe, full-grown, male and female. Brazil. Stout, shape of E. grandis; processes prominent, sharp, the posterior longer, bent out- wards ; enclosing right angle ; lateral appendages very sharp, length of the inferiors. Brachytron Evans. Body long, slender; head smaller, rather convex above, much narrower behind; front border of mask produced in oblique angle, cleft; legs shorter; abdomen long, narrow; appen- dages short, middle one a little shorter than inferiors, cut at tip; laterals shorter; male projec- tion conical; female valves not reaching tip of segment. 20. B. Pratense Mueller.. (Raised.) Nymphs, full-grown, male and female, Europe. Processes slightly separated, sharp, the posterior half length of the anterior; lateral spines on sixth to ninth segments. Gompheschna Selys. Body long, slender; eyes small; lateral spines on segments five to nine; middle appen- dage a little shorter than the inferiors, bifid at tip. 21. G. Furcillata Say. (Supposition.) Nymphe, male and female, nearly full-grown. United States. Characters of genus; processes conical, sharp, posterior shorter, enclosing less than right angle. Neureschna Selys. Similar to Gompheschna ; lateral spines on segments four to nine; appendages long, the middle one as long as the inferiors; all sharply pointed. Go SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES DESCRIBED. 22. N. Vinosa Say. (Supposition.) Nymphe, full-grown, male and female. United States. Similar to G. furcillata. Characters of genus: processes prominent, sharp, of equal length, enclosing less than right angle; body rough. DIVISION II.— AnNTENN® Srx-JornTED. Epizeschna Selys. Similar to Aischna; antenne six-jointed; lateral spines on segments four to nine; in- ferior and middle appendages of equal length. 23. E. Heros Fabr. (Raised.) Nymphe, full-grown, male and female. United States. Characters of genus: processes long, the posterior half as long as anterior, not much sep- arated; middle appendage a little notched at tip. DIVISION IIIl.— Antenna FIve-gorntep. ischna?? 24. Species Nova. Nympha, male. La Guayra, Venezuela, and Chili. d 3 “ 9 ? Genus and species very abnormal. Cf. the description. Perhaps belonging to Gomphina and to genus Petalia. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. [a, sideview ; 4, labium ; ¢, appendages ; d, processes above the base of first pair of legs ; e, front view of the head. ] PLATE I. Fic. 1. Anax formosus. “« 2. Anax Junius. “3. Episeschna heros. “4, Aaschna species. No. 19, PLATE II. Fic. 1. Aschna grandis. « 2. Aischna eremitica. «© 3. Neuraeschna vinosa. “4, Gompheschna fureillata. PLATE III. Fre. 1. Aschna constricta. “2. Gynacantha species. No. 1. “ 3. Species. No. 24. PLATE IV. Fie. 1. Aschna juncea. « 2, Alschna species. No. 18. « 3. Adschna cyanea. PLATE V. Fic. 1. Brachytron pratense. “2. Aischna mixta. “ 3. AXschna affinis. “ 4, AXschna rufescens. “ 5, Aschna viridis. Family Aeschnina Palit L.Cabol del AMeisel,lith : . ah = ea >. _ Family Aeschnina PII 1. Cabot,del AMeisel,lith PLU chnina Family Aes tdel Aeschnina Family Aeschnina Family A Meise], lith L.Cabot del o Memows of the Museum of Comparative Zodloqn AT HARVARD COLLEGE. Vou. VIII. No. 2. EXPLORATION OF THE SURFACE FAUNA OF THE GULF STREAM UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE COAST SURVEY. By ALEXANDER AGASSIZ. IJ. Parr I. The Porpitide and Velellide. By ALEXANDER AGasstiz. PUBLISHED BY PERMISSION OF CARLILE P. PATTERSON AND J. E. Hincarp, SUPERINTENDENTS U. S. Coast AnD GEODETIC SURVEY. WITH TWELVE PLATES. CAMBRIDGE: Printey for the Museum. JULY, 1883. EXPLORATION Or THE SURFACE FAUNA OF THE GULF STREAM UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE COAST SURVEY. By ALEXANDER AGASSIZ. It. Parr I* The Porpitidee and Velelide. By ALEXANDER AGAssIz. (Published by permission of Carine P. Parrerson and J. E. Hinearp, Supts. U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey.) Wuite at the Tortugas ¢ examining the structure of the coral reefs, I took advantage of my opportunities to study the surface Fauna of the Gulf Stream, and when not otherwise occupied devoted the time I could spare to complete the notes and drawings I had accumulated regarding Porpita and Velella under less favorable circumstances at other points of Florida, at Newport, and on board of the “ Blake.” These notes are now published, as giving the principal points on the Natural History of a small and limited group of Oceanic Hydroids, interesting from their affinities, on the one side, to the Tubularians, with which Vogt, Koélliker, and Agassiz were inclined to associ- ate them, and, on the other, with the Siphonophorx proper, with which, as * Mr. C. O. WuiTMman was sent to Key West this spring in hopes of obtaining the material necessary to complete this memoir, and at the same time to investigate anew the whole subject of the structure and functions of the so-called yellow cells. Although Mr. Whitman spent.six weeks at Key West, he was unable to accomplish the object of his trip, not a single Velella appearing in the harbor of Key West during the whole of his visit. I have therefore thought it advisable not to delay the publication of the descriptive part of this memoir any longer, and to complete it when the necessary preparations could be finished. + See Letter No, 5, ALexanpER Aaassiz to Cartite P. Parrersoy, on the explorations in the vicin- ity of the Tortugas in 1881. Bull. M. C. Z., VIIL., No. 3, p. 145. I spent the months of March and April, 1881, at Key West and at the Tortugas, under the auspices of the United States Coast Survey, the late Mr. Patterson, the Superintendent, having kindly placed at my command a steam launch while engaged in examining the distribution of corals and studying the surface fauna of the Gulf Stream. The Hon. Secretary of the Navy kindly allowed the commanding officer at Key West, Lieutenant Winn, to give me permission to occupy the loft of the Navy storehouse as a laboratory. 2 SURFACE FAUNA OF THE GULF STREAM. will be seen, they have much less in common. This group of Hydrozoa is eminently characteristic of the Gulf Stream, and wherever its influence extends there Porpitz, Velella, and Physalie have been found. In fact these surface animals are excellent guides to the course of the current of the Gulf Stream, — natural current bottles, as it were. They are thrown up along the whole length of the Atlantic Coast of the United States, from the Straits of Florida to the south shores of Cape Cod and of Nantucket. Physalia, Velella, and Porpita are occasionally driven into Narragansett Bay ; the former is an annual visitant, the latter has only been found once, in 1875, and Velella has come into Newport harbor during three summers. It is undoubtedly also to the action of the Gulf Stream that we must ascribe the presence of the few species of Siphonophorz which appear on the southern coast of New England towards the middle and last of September, such as Eudoxia, Epibulia, and Dyplophysa, which are all found at the Tortugas. On the contrary, Agalma and Nanomya are northern visitants at Newport, brought down by the arctic shore current from the northern side of Cape Cod, Agalma being common at Eastport. Other species of our southern New England free Hydroids, such as Eutima, Trachynema, Eucheilota, Liriope, Zanclea, and many other species which have been described by McCrady, from Charleston, 8. C., are also brought north every year along the course of the Gulf Stream, and during the summer are blown to the westward towards the New England coast and the Atlantic coast of the Middle States by the prevailing south-westerly winds. Velella mutica Bosc. The Florida species of Velella occasionally finds its way north as far as Newport and Nantucket; it is found in great numbers in the Straits of Florida, between Cuba and the Florida reefs. Thousands of them are brought in by favorable winds and tides into Key West harbor, and are carried by the same agencies between the Tortugas channels. They are usually seen in large schools, and, although capable of considerable independent movement, by means of their tentacles, in a smooth sea, yet they are practically at the mercy of the winds and currents. They are destroyed in great numbers by even moderate waves, which, upsetting them, drive them ashore, or kill them, if they are kept keel downward for any length of time. They appar- ently need a considerable amount of movement, for when kept in confine- ment they do not thrive, soon die, and are rapidly decomposed. The dead SURFACE FAUNA OF THE GULF STREAM. Ce) floats are thrown upon the beach behind Fort Jefferson at the Tortugas in great numbers, forming regular windrows, and, when dry, are blown by the winds to the highest parts of the beach. The Florida species is much larger than the Mediterranean V. spirans, Specimens measuring nearly four inches in length are not uncommon. On Plate I is figured in profile, from above and below, a huge Velella, nearly five inches in length. This is a somewhat unusual size. The out- line of the mantle, seen from above, is less elliptical than in V. spirans, it is somewhat rectangular, with rounded corners (Pl. I, Fig. 2), and is also proportionally broader than in the Mediterranean species. Seen from above (Pl. I. Fig. 2), the color of the mantle is of a metallic bluish green, with a deep cobalt blue edge surrounding the outer edge of the float, and a similar band, forming an irregular ellipse with re-entering sides, placed somewhat diagonally across the float. Between these bands the color of the mantle passes rapidly from a yellowish green to the dark-blue inner and outer bands. Through the outer edge of the mantle the base of the outer blue tentacles of the lower side of the float can be indistinctly seen. The whole of the mantle is dotted with the patches of the so-called liver-cells, of a brownish color. The extreme edge of the dark outer part of the mantle is fringed with a light cobalt blue band, in which are placed the glandular organs of the free edge of the mantle. The free outer edge of the mantle is usually turned down so as to form slight indentations, or apparently sharp incisions in the general outlme (PI. I, Figs. 2,3). The figure from below (Fig. 3) shows how the edge of the mantle is carried when folded under to produce the incisions seen from the upper side. The mantle, where it covers the central part of the float, is of a light greenish blue, with a metallic lustre, with a few patches of liver-cells, diminishing in number towards the base of the keel. The greenish lines of color form concentric lines parallel with the chambers of the float, crossed by triangular radiating rays extending from the fixed edge of the mantle towards the base of the keel, dividing the float into irregular alternating sections of light and colored triangular spaces. The keel is of a delicate steel color, with a thickened edge of the mantle (PL. I, Fig. 2) running round it. In this the patches of liver-cells are closely packed together, and form dark-violet triangular patches, extending at right angles from the edge of the keel to the edge of the mantle. Seen from above the float is divided longitudinally by a long triangular band of liver- cells, which are seen through the float, so as to divide the float into two 4 SURFACE FAUNA OF THE GULF STREAM. nearly equal parts (Pl. I, Fig. 1). Seen from below (Pl. I, Fig. 3), the mantle is of a lighter bluish green color, with a light blue edge (the marginal glands), followed by a somewhat darker belt passing into the greenish color of the mantle. The tentacles (the closed prehensile polypites) are long, slender, of a bluish color, forming a double row round the outer edge of the float. The long- est only of these tentacles extend beyond the free edge of the mantle so as to be seen projecting beyond it, when the Velella is viewed from above. These tentacular polypites taper very gradually; they seem capable of but slight expansion and contraction, and are quite sluggish compared with the smaller, active, feeding and reproductive polypites. These are arranged in five or six rows between the rows of tentacular polypites and the large central polypite (Pl. 1, Fig. 5); the large, blue, prehensile, closed tentacular polypites are covered at the base (PI. VI, Fig. 17) by elliptical or circular patches of lasso-cells (Pl. VI, Fig. 16), which about halfway towards the extremity be- come more crowded, and unite so as to form a band of lasso-cells on each side of the polypite (Pl. VI, Figs. 14,15). In some young polypites the bands alone exist; while in others the elliptical patches alone are found (Pl. VI, Fig. 18). The smaller, the feeding and reproductive polypites are most ac- tive, and capable of great expansion and contraction. They are covered towards the upper extremity with elliptical knobs of lasso-cells (Pl. I. Figs. 5,6, 7), the edge of the open extremity of the polypite forming ten to twelve indistinct lobes. At the base of the polypite there are, according to its size, from five to eight clusters of Medusze buds, in different stages of development (Pl. II, Figs. 1, 5, 7). While the large central polypite is the main feeding mouth, the smaller lateral ones also perform, to a limited extent, the func- tions of feeding polypites ; but, being all connected at their bases with the general vascular system, the fluids they take in enter at once into the general circulation. Both the central polypite, as well as the smaller lateral poly- pites, eject the digested substances which have gone through the general circulation. As has been shown by Weissmann, the circulation of the fluids in the coenosare in fixed Hydroids is kept up mainly by the muscular contraction of the walls, or by the action of the ciliz lining the cavities. A similar con- dition exists in the canals forming the vascular system of the float of Porpita and of Velelia, and in the polypites, where the fluids are rapidly propelled by the action of cilize lining the inner walls. en elgg —— SURFACE FAUNA OF THE GULF STREAM. on The large, exterior, marginal, prehensile tentacles (Pl. VI, Fig. 14) are S& 5) Ss ’ ’ g edged along the extremity with a band of lasso-cells, composed of large cir- cular cells, closely packed together (PI. VI, Fig. 15). Towards the base these bands of lasso-cells become disconnected (PI. VI, Fig. 17), forming g irregularly shaped disconnected circular patches (Pl. VI, Fig. 16). In young tentacles these bands of lasso-cells are not clearly defined, and when they first make their appearance they appear as patches near the base, gradually ex- tending towards the extremity, there to form the connected bands of the older tentacles. The large prehensile tentacles, the feeding and reproduc- tive polypites, are all attached to the lower side of the space occupied by the float, and to the part of the mantle immediately adjoining it. Huxley consid- ers the tentacles of Velella, as well as those of the Porpitide, as identical with those of the Hydride Sertularide. The latter undoubtedly are to be so considered ; but the structure of the tentacles of Velella clearly shows that they are embryonic tentacles, analogous to the “Fanefaden” of Physalia, and of other Siphonophores, in which the lasso-cells are arranged in the most sim- ple form, as bands along the edge ; while in Physalia they form the peculiar well-known reniform appendages paved with large lasso-cells. It is difficult in Velella and Porpita to distinguish the young polypite from the hydrocysts of other Siphonophores, and they do not appear to be present in those genera. The small Medusze buds already contain the peculiar yellow cells so characteristic of the free Meduse. Those which I have raised from Velella (PL. I, Figs. 15, 16) differ somewhat from that figured by Professor Agassiz (Contributions to the Nat. Hist. of the U.S., Vol. I, p. 53). On becoming free, the young Medusa (Pl. II, Fig. 10) has two rudimentary tentacles, one of which (¢) is somewhat longer than the other (/), which is in this stage a mere tentacular knob. The close resemblance of the Medusa at this stage with such Tubularian Meduse as Esuphysa, and Ectopleura is very striking. It has, like them, a row of large lasso-cells extending from the base of the tentacles (Pl. II, Fig. 14) to the abactinal pole (PI. We Figs? 10, 1 13); whe yellow cells are arranged in clusters along the sides of the four broad chymi- ferous tubes (PI. II, Figs. 10, 11), as well as on the surface of the short, rounded, conical, rudimentary proboscis. The Medusa of Velella figured by Gegenbaur* has eight chymiferous tubes and one large tentacle ; that figured by Vogt,t on the contrary, has only four chymiferous tubes, but * Zeits. f. Wiss. Zool. VIII., Pl. VII, Fig. 10. 1856. + Mém. Inst. Nat. Génevois, I. 1853, Pl. II. 6 SURFACE FAUNA OF THE GULF STREAM. eight rows of yellow cells, two on each side of the broad tubes, which may have misled Gegenbaur. The Medusz buds figured by Kolliker * agree with the younger stages as figured by Vogt. The Medusa, when it first becomes free, is elongate, somewhat conical at the abactinal pole. After a couple of days the outline becomes flattened and more hemispherical (PI. II, Fig. 11). The young Medusw# move with considerable activity by sudden jerks, like some of the Tubularian Medusx. The tentacles did not increase in length during the time they were kept in confinement (ten days); nor did I fish up any others more advanced than those here figured (Pl. II, Fig. 11) during my stay at the Tortugas. Kolliker has given an excellent account of the course of the so-called liver system in the Mediterranean species. I have been able to trace, as he has done, its ramifications through the mantle, over its free surface (PI. IV, Fig. 14; Pl. V, Fig. 8), extending beyond the float (Pl. IV, Figs. 8, 11), to the edge, as well as the ramifications extending over the float and the sur- face of the keel (Pl V, Figs. 1, 2, 4,5). In addition to the two main branches of the system extending round the edge of the keel from the base of the float (Pl V, Figs. 4, 5, v,), there are two other large branches, which run across the float in the deep groove (PI. III, Figs. 3, 14, 15, 17. /.), running obliquely across it. These two branches run up on each face of the keel (PL IV, Fig. 15.0; Pl. V, Figs. 1, 2. v) from the float, and then anastomose with the main branches described by Kolliker, All along their course, from the fixed edge of the mantle to the main branch running about parallel to the edge of the keel, the main branches give off a system of meshes and branches which cover the whole of the float and keel, and anastomose (PI. IV, Fig. 5; Pl. V, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4) with those extending over the mantle from the fixed edge of the mantle to its periphery. The secondary branches, forming the free edge of the mantle of the keel, which are given off from the main margi- nal branch, send off short simple secondary branches at right angles to the primaries, thus forming a sort of frill. The extremity of these tubes, again, is connected by a small marginal canal (Pl. V, Figs. 4, 5). The so-called liver? is suspended from the lower side of the float, running up imto its conical portion (Pl. V, Fig. 11). The main longitudinal branches (PI. V, Figs. 11, 12, 13.7) give rise to all the finer ramifications which extend through the whole thickness of the mantle. Fluids circulate with great rapidity * Die Schwimmpolypen von Messina. 1853. + In Velella and Porpita the hepatic organ, as has been pointed out by Huxley, occupies the same posi- tion with regard to the pneumatocyst which it occupies in Rhizophysa. SURFACE FAUNA OF THE GULF STREAM. 7 through the vascular system; and the terminal pouches of the liver are filled with the brown granular mass usually considered to be a true liver. The main tubes send off an endless number of fine ramifications (Pl. IV, Fig. 14), which assume all possible shapes from that of a flat, angular pouch (PI. IV, Figs. 11, 12; Pl. V, Fig. 10), to an elongate, many-pointed star (Pl. IV, Fig. 15), or to a tube bristling with fine projections (Pl. IV, Fig. 14; Pl. V, Fig. 8), which become lost in the thickness of the mantle. The ramifications on the lower side of the mantle communicate with the reproductive indi- viduals, as has already been seen by Vogt. The central polypite is large, whitish (Pl. VI, Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13), with strong interior longitudinal muscular bands, capable of great expansion and contraction. It communicates at its base with the vascular system. Near the aperture of the central polypite we find the extremity covered with patches of small lasso-cells (PI. VI, Fig. 22), forming near its opening irregular lips. The central opening is specially mobile. There are but few air-tubes (tubules) starting from the lower surface of the float, and foreing their way through the liver to the base of the repro- ductive polypites. The majority terminate as a single tube, and they rarely ramify, as is stated to be the case by Krohn, in the Mediterranean species. The air tubes vary greatly in number in different specimens. They take their origin from the lower side of the float, in the five or six chambers nearest the centre (PI. III, Figs. 18, 19, 20). They generally occur two or three together, sometimes in tufts of four starting close together. They sometimes branch, as has been described by Krohn,* but apparently not as commonly as is the case in the Mediterranean species. The air tubes extend through the liver in a more or less winding course (PI. III., Figs. 20, 21,) (but much more directly than in Porpita), and find their way to the base of a few of the small feeding and reproductive polypites (Pl. VI, Fig. 19). In the only case where I have succeeded in tracing the termina- tion of the air sac, it ended in a blind tube. The air tubes are arranged much like those of Porpita, so that their course can be traced on the upper side of the liver when the float is removed and we examine the liver from the upper side. The outer partitions of the interior chambers of the float, where the air tubes take their origin, extend in a series of prongs and pro- cesses (PI. III, Fig. 19) beyond the general surface of the float, so that the rough walls of these inner chambers are in marked contrast to the smooth outer walls of the other chambers of the float. * Archiv f. Naturg., 1848, I. p. 30. 8 SURFACE FAUNA OF THE GULF STREAM. The mantle covering the float extends, as is well known, not only over the horizontal surface of the float, but also over the sail. It projects beyond that, forming a sort of flap (Pl. V, Fig. 4), much as the mantle projects beyond the horizontal part of the float. From the two extremities of the float, at the base of the keel or sail, there runs along the free edge a large tube of the vascular system (described by Kolliker and Vogt), from which branch the dendritic processes forming the triangular patches (Pl. V., Figs. 4,5) of the free edge of the mantle of the keel. This free sail mantle is of a light claret color, with a blue edge, and with bluish branching tubes forming the ramifications of the vascular system. These tubes anastomose again at the outer edge, forming an irregular marginal canal. There are no glands to the free edge of the keel mantle (PI. V, Fig. 5), like those found on the free edge of the horizontal man- tle of the float. The yellow cells of the sail mantle are packed principally in patches at the extremities of short tubes opening into the main canal, fringing the keel at the base of the free sail mantle (PI. IV, Fig. 5, Pl. V, Figs. 2, 10). The dendritic tubes are a series of flattened elliptical pouches, opening into one another, and joined together by frill-like folds of the main tubes (PI. V, Fig. 7). The two surfaces of the mantle join at the edge of the float, so that the part of the mantle which covers the sail and extends to the outer edge of the float, unites there with that part of the mantle which protects the inner side of the float, and to which the appendages of the lower surface are attached. These two surfaces, thus soldered together, extend some distance beyond the float, forming the free edge of the mantle of the Velella. The mantle itself is slightly contractile, and whenever the Velella is thrown over into any unnatural attitude, or forced on its side, it makes violent attempts by the movement of its prehensile tentacles, aided by movements of the free margin of the mantle, to recover its normal attitude. Rhizophysa and other Siphonophores are capable of sinking below the surface and swimming back to the surface, but neither Velella nor Porpita appear capable of such movements, a very young Physalia, collected at the Tortugas, intermediate between the stages figured by Huxley (Oceanic Hydrozoa, Pl. X, Figs. 1, 2), was found to swim at various levels in the jar in which it was kept. All the Velellw floats I have examined are left-handed, that is, the sail runs northwest to southeast, the longitudinal axis of the float being placed north and south. I have counted over twenty-five hundred dead floats, thrown on the beaches at the Tortugas, in all of which the position of the float was as stated above. ——— SURFACE FAUNA OF THE GULF STREAM. 9 The young stages of Velella differ very materially in appearance from the full-grown Velella. In the youngest stage I have had the opportun- ity to examine, the sail forms a flat elliptical arch (PI. VI, Fig. 8), ex- tending well beyond the extremities of the conical float, the mantle form- ing an umbrella-shaped projection, below which extend, when expanded, the eight marginal tentacles and the large central polypite. The rudimentary small feeding polypites are about as numerous as the tentacles, and form an inner ring at their base, much as in the older stages figured here (Pl. VI, Figs. 2,3). The vascular system extends in straight vessels radiating from the float through the mantle to the outer edge. In a somewhat older stage, seen from the lower side (Pl. VI, Fig. 3), the marginal tentacles and feeding polypites are more numerous, the vessels of the liver system more clearly defined, the sail has become somewhat conical, and the whole float and mantle somewhat flattened. In a still more advanced stage (PI. VI, Fig. 1), the sail has become more conical, the float greatly flattened, and the canals of the liver system clearly defined, as is well seen in a view from the lower side (Pl. VI, Fig. 2). The central. polypite (Pl. VI., Figs. 1, 2 ep.) at this stage is most prominent, capable of great expansion; the feeding polypites have greatly increased in number as well as size; there are as yet no signs of the reproductive polypites. Stuart* has given a detailed development of the Medusa of Velella, and traced it directly to a free Medusa with four chymiferous tubes with large masses of yellow cells along the tubes. These Meduse he kept alive for a few days, but could trace no further stages of development. The oldest Medusa he observed showed as yet no sign of any tentacular appendages. Stuart, however, seemed satisfied that the Chrysomitra of Gegenbauer, haying sixteen chymiferous tubes and two distinct tentacles with tentacular knobs at the base of the tubes, was really a more advanced stage of the Medusa of Velella, though he did not observe the intermediate stages of development between it and the Meduszx he raised directly from Velella. The youngest Velella figured by Huxley (Oceanic Hydrozoa, Pl. XI, Fig. 9) measured about one tenth of an inch in length. He noticed that the pneu- matocyst did not extend into the crest, in which he also saw the rudimentary canals extending from the limb to the crest. On examining the pneumato- cyst he found a single central vesicle with the first trace of a concentric line, the rudiment of the first concentric chamber. This structure agrees well * Archiv f. Anat. Phys. u. Wiss. Med. 1870, p. 366. 10 SURFACE FAUNA OF THE GULF STREAM. with that of a young Velella, and differs radically from that given by Pagenstecher for Rataria (as young Velella?), in which the pneumatocyst clearly shows the eight primary divisions so characteristic of Porpita with the central opening of the disk. Huxley also observed that in young Velellae the hepatic mass does not exist, and is only gradually developed under the pneumatocyst, and that the canals which cross it are mere subdivisions of the somatic cavity produced by the lobes of this organ and their mutual anastomoses. My observations on Velella lead me to agree with Kolliker re- garding the mode of junction of the liver canals and of the canals on the free edge of the mantle and on the upper part of the float. The dendritic- like structure of the canals of the crest have also been noticed by Huxley in a young Velella measuring somewhat less than half an inch in length. The circulation within the canals was most active, and wholly due to ciliary action. The figures given by Huxley (page 126, Oceanic Hydrozoa) of the peculiar corrugations and lobes of the lower surface of the float, being taken from alcoholic specimens, are not quite satisfactory representations of their appear- ance in fresh specimens. As has already been suggested by Kolliker, Agassiz, and McCrady, the re- lationship of the Velellida: and Porpitide, as well as the Physalida,* to the Tubularian Hydroids is very great. If we compare this group as a whole to the other Siphonophores, the absence of “ Deckstiicke ” and of swimming bells seems to distinguish them from all the other Siphonophores except Rhizophyza, which perhaps is only a representative of the embryonic stage of the Physalidxe, and does not belong into the close association with the other Siphonophores, with which it has usually been placed. What is known of these different families seems to indicate a far closer relationship with the Tubularian Hydroids, such as Hydractinia, which may perhaps be the closest ally of the genera named above, and in which the chitinous exten- * The chambers of the crest of Physalia can be considered as a sort of girder which stiffens the whole float, and to a certain extent takes the place of the chitinous crest of Velella. The structure of the crest is seen in section to be a broadly rectangular triangular cell, subdivided by horizontal bars to form the smaller trapezoidal cells of a second, third, fourth, and fifth story, adjoining triangles being again con- nected longitudinally by similar bars. The float of Physalia remains in fact in the embryonic stage in which we find the sail or crest of Velella and young Porpita. In the latter the crest gradually disappears to cover the upper part of the float; in the former it continues through to the mature stage, being sup- ported by a chitinous vertical projection from the float, which is absent in younger stages, while in Physalia we have only the mantle, if I may so call it, of the crest left, the pneumatophore not secreting a chitinous float or any structure homologous to the circular chitinous float of Velella or the chitinous disk of Porpita. The presence of a net-work of canals at the base of the float of Physalia, similar to that of the upper part of the float of Velella Porpita, has been made probable by some observations of Quatre- fages. (Ann. Scien. Nat. 1853). SURFACE FAUNA OF THE GULF STREAM. a sion of the base of the coenosare may perhaps be considered as the first indi- eation of the formation of a float. In this case this rudimentary pneumat- ophore is attached to the ground or to a movable body-like Fusus, ete., and forms papilla, between which arise the two different kinds of polypites, the sterile tentacular polypite and the reproducive polypite, giving rise to either male or female colonies. This combination is exactly similar to that of Por- pita, in which we have a chitinous float and tentacular and proliferous poly- pites arranged in addition round a central sterile polypite. The homologies we have attempted to trace between Porpita and the Tubularian Hydroids might perhaps be still further extended. It is well known that in nearly all Tubularians the base of the coenosare, by which they are attached to the ground, extends either as filaments or rootlets over a considerable space; these filaments, or expansions of the chitinous tubes, forming either a connected series of canals, more or less complicated, as in Clava, Cordylophora, Coryne, ete., or a net-work of canals as in Dicoryne, Bou- gainvillia, Tubularia, Hydractinia, Podocoryne, ete. ; or else such filamentary processes as those of Corymorpha, in all of which there is a more or less active circulation connected with that of the cavity of the Tubularian. In Cory- morpha we find a series of longitudinal canals, more or less branching and anastomosing, extending along the ccenosare. Let us now imagine this long Corymorpha coenosare reduced in length and at the same time flattened so as to form a disk somewhat below the base of the tentacles, retaining its peculiar pointed terminal basal extremity. We could thus have a free Hy- droid differing but little from Velella and Porpita; that is, our Corymorpha would be transformed to a Hydroid, with a crown of marginal tentacles below the chitinous disk, in which there are canals of the vascular system. Between this row of marginal tentacles and the large central opening of the polypite we find clusters of reproductive Meduse. Imagine the same transformation in a colony of Hydractinia, or of Podocoryne, in which we find the chitinous disk already formed and traversed by a network of canals, and add to it a central sterile polypite, and we have all the structural features of a modified Porpita, namely, a disk, rows of tentacular polypites, next rows of repro- ductive and feeding polypites, while if we make the same comparison with Hydractinia we add a third kind of appendage, the so-called spiral zoiids. An examination of very young stages of Tubularians, such as, for instance, the very early stages of Endendrium figured by Allman (PI. XIII, Figs. 14-16, Tubularian Hydroids), show such a chitinous disk to be compared in 12 SURFACE FAUNA OF THE GULF STREAM. every respect with the float of Velella or of Porpita, with broadly open ram- ifications communicating with the base of the single large central polypite, and differmg from it only in being fixed. We can readily imagine a slightly more advanced stage, with the additional proliferous polypites, or others, developed at the base of the central polypite and setting the attached disk free, we have to all appearances a somewhat modified Porpita or Velella. But Porpita seems to be also allied to another group of Hydroids, with which thus far no attempt has been made to compare them. I mean the Hydrocorallinss. My basis for this comparison rests upon the presence of the smgular white plate of Kolliker, and of its peculiar structure, — which reminds us of the porous structure of the corallum of Sporadopora, Allopora, Millepora, etec., although, of course, not having the regular horizontal floors of the latter, yet possessing, like these genera, large pits, the whole mass being riddled with passages and openings, forming the spongy mass of the white plate. Although some of the proliferous polypites of Porpita appear to rise from the larger of these pits, yet the others do not seem to hold any definite relation to them, beyond the fact that these proliferous polypites are limited to the ring occupied by this white plate. If this homology is correct, it shows how far-reaching are the affinities of the Porpitidse,— on the one side recalling from the structure of their white plate the corallum of Milleporidee, which date back to the cretaceous period; and, on the other, the similar structure of the Helioporidz, which, as is well known, have been shown by Moseley to be Haleyonoids. Whether the Stromatopore have any relationship to either of these groups or are sponges cannot at present be determined; but should they be related to the Milleporidx, the peculiar structure of the corallum of the Milleporidee, Stylasteridxe, and Porpitida would date back to the earliest Silurian. It is interesting to speculate, if the affinity of Porpita is greater to the Milleporide with a porous fixed corallum, or to the Tubularians having only a chitinous fixed basis. Porpita Linnzana Liss. K6lliker * was the first to give a detailed description of the Mediterranean Porpita. The Florida species is closely allied to it. It differs from it in size, the largest of our specimens measuring no less than 14” in diameter, while the medium size of the P. Mediterraneana is only 4 to 5” in diameter. * Die Schwimmpolypen v. Messina, 1858, p. 57, Pl. XII. SURFACE FAUNA OF THE GULF STREAM. 13 As will be seen from the accompanying description, the other differences to be noted between the Florida and the Mediterranean species are: the numerous and close corrugations of the lower surface of the disk; its great roughness on the upper side; the comparatively greater length of the primary polypites ; the smaller size of the proliferous polypites. The shape of the former is very different from those of the Mediterranean species, ending in three to four large knobs, with three longitudinal rows of smaller ten- tacular knobs, —six in two of the rows, and from eight to nine in the central row (Pl. X, Figs. 3, 5, 7). As in the Mediterranean species, the disk is circular, slightly cup-shaped, convex above, made up of two disks, thickest near the outer edges, and united together by a series of circular walls entirely separated from one another (PI. XI, Figs. 7-13). The circular chambers thus formed open out- wardly by small elliptical openings giving air free access to them (Pl. XI, Figs. 7-9, 12,0). These chambers are filled with air (gas ?), giving to the Porpita its great buoyancy. The enclosed air (gas ?), shining through the float and the thin mantle which covers the disk, gives to its upper side a strong silvery lustre. The upper side of the disk is but slightly corrugated, with radial depressions, the stigmata being placed in the centre of low pro- jections, forming an irregular elevation in the lines of corrugations of the disk (Pl. XI, Fig. 7). There is a large central chamber, with an irregular ring of eight smaller ones (Pl. IX, Figs. 1-4), corresponding to the eight first-formed triangular chambers, placed round the central chamber. There does not seem to be beyond that first row any regular arrangement in the stigmata, or any order in their appearance or number. They vary greatly m position and in number in specimens of the same size. The stigmata are more numerous, as well as larger, near the edge of the disk, as has already been noticed by Kolliker. The ribbed structure of the lower side of the disk does not seem to have been observed. The lower floor of the radiating chambers extends into deep longi- tudinal corrugations (Pl. XI, Figs. 5, 8-11, 13, 14), forming immense pouches, as it were ; so that when seen endwise they present the appearance of high- pointed bags, with rounded tips, and deep spaces between them (PI. XI, Figs. 13, 14). A transverse (Pl. XI, Figs. 8, 9) and a longitudinal view (Pl. XI, Figs. 10, 11), will give a better idea of their peculiar structure than any lengthy description. To the under side of these pouches are attached the tubules (PI. XI, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5, 8,9), they are irregularly placed in single rows 14 SURFACE FAUNA OF THE GULF STREAM. (Pl. XI, Fig. 5), and are not arranged in sets of three, as they are represented by Kdlliker as characteristic of the Mediterranean species. The tubules com- mence about the outer edge of the white plate, and are most numerous towards its central part (Pl. XI, Fig. 2), where they come to the inner surface, and literally cover it with a matting of winding silvery threads (Pl. XI, Figs. 1, 4). Towards the centre of the float they become less numerous again (Pl. XI, Fig. 3), ending with six or seven tubules, which take their origin near the eight primary chambers, and extend over that part of the float. Porpita is not as easily upset as Velella; and the number of specimens thrown ashore by the winds is very small, as compared to the numbers of Velella stranded on the beaches after every storm. Porpita is capable of considerable control over its movements. Owing to the great size and power of its numerous long marginal tentacles, it can readily force itself back again into a normal attitude, if upset by the wind or waves. It can, by bringing its tentacles together over the disk (PI. X, Fig. 1), and throwing up the free edge of the mantle slowly in a given direction, then expanding the tentacles of one side far over on the opposite direction beyond the central part of the disk, it can thus readily change the centre of gravity, and tilt the disk back again into a normal attitude, should it from any cause have been set afloat with the tentacles uppermost. The larger outer marginal polypites are ar- ranged in three or four irregularly concentric rows, with two to three inner rows of smaller knobbed tentacles, in all stages of development (Pl. X, Figs. 2, 3, 10, 11). Inside of these are arranged, in from five to six similar rows, round the base of the large central polypite, the small, stout, flesh- colored feeding and reproductive polypites (Pl. X, Figs. 4, 5). These have a slightly rectangular head (Pl. VIH, Figs. 1-4), capable of considerable expansion, with four clusters of lasso-cells at the thick rounded angles of the terminal opening. At the base of these polypites are found Meduse buds in all stages of development (Pl. VII, Figs. 1-4; Pl. X, Fig. 4). At the time when in full reproductive power these clusters of Medusie completely fill the whole space between the small polypites, giving to the ring which they occupy on the lower surface of the float a dark yellowish tint from the color of the yellow cells found along the rudimentary proboscis of the Medusx buds, as well as along the chymiferous tubes (PI. VII, Figs. 1, 2, 4—11). The large marginal tentacles (PI. X, Fig. 3) are of a bluish tint, the ten- tacular knobs of a darker color. The internal cavity of the tentacles has a SURFACE FAUNA OF THE GULF STREAM. 15 somewhat greenish tint, and connects at the base of the tentacle with the vascular system of the lower part of the mantle at the point of attachment. The cavity leading to the tentacular knobs is very slender (PI. X, Fig. 8). The smaller polypites (the feeding-reproductive polypites) occupy on the lower surface that portion of the mantle which covers the ring formed by the so-called white plate of Kélliker, round the base of the single central polypite. These polypites are sometimes seated in cavities of this white plate, and pro- jections of the plate itself also extend sometimes far up into the lower part of the small polypites. The white plate consists of an irregularly anastomosing system of needles and spurs, or of bars of greater or smaller size, leaving a series of openings for the passage of the tubules (Pl. VIII, Figs. 1, 1°; Pl. IX, Fig. 11). These tubules take their origin on the lower side of the disk, run in all possible directions between the interstices of the white plate, and come out as blind sacs on its lower side (Pl. XT, Fig. 1). Some of these tubules extend along the side of the small polypites (Pl. VII, Figs. 1, 2,4), while others follow the extension of the white plate (Pl. X, Figs. 4, 6), into the base of the central polypite some distance up its walls, forming a most delicate frill(Pl. X, Fig. 4,7) of silvery radiating lines, extending towards the mouth of the central polypite. If this white plate is a kind of kidney, as Kolliker suggests, its openings lead outwards through the cavity of the central polypite, as well as through the openings of the smaller reproductive polypites, which are placed on the ring it forms round the central polypite (Pl. VIII, Fig. 1), and into the base of which this white plate extends a considerable distance. Although Kolliker calls it the “white plate,” it is in reality of a pinkish color toward the periphery, and blueish towards the interior edge, the whole of the part which lies within the base of the central polypite being of that color, The inner part of the ring of the white plate is composed of heavier bars, the edges only being spongy (Pl. XII, Fig. 15). The liver (Pl. VIII, Figs. 1, 1°, Z, 16) occupies the whole of the space be- tween the lower surface of the disk, the level of the white plate and the base of the central polypite. It fits closely into all the corrugations of the lower side of the disk, as well as into the upper ramifications of the white plate. It sends out a complicated system of radiating and anastomosing tubes from the centre towards the margin of the mantle, in which the circulation is kept up very actively (Pl. XII, Fig. 13). In younger specimens the radiating tubes are still quite simple (Pl. IX, Figs. 1-4; Pl. XII, Figs, 1-8). With 16 SURFACE FAUNA OF THE GULF STREAM. increasing size, they become somewhat more branching, and finally, near the outer edge, more or less parallel with the ring of marginal glands, there is formed a series of irregular horizontal canals connecting the radiating tubes, and forming thus a more or less apparent circular canal (Pl. XII, Figs. 9, 10, 11), till finally the whole free edge of the mantle is covered by a most intri- cate set of anastomosing tubes (PI. XI, Fig. 15). The free edge of the mantle terminates by a row of large elliptical glands (Pl. XII, Figs. 4-13; Pl. VIII, Fig. 16), the interior of which is filled by fatty, globular cells (Pl. VIII, Fig. 17). The whole of the free edge of the mantle is of a beautiful clear blue color, with a dark band at the line of contact of the disk and the inner seam of the free edge of the mantle, with a darker blue line on the outer edge of the glands, both at the exterior and interior edge (PI. VII, Fig. 2). The whole surface of the mantle is covered by a close reticulation of irregular epithelial cells. The smallest (so-called Velella) Rataria examined by Pagenstecher meas- ured between 0.8 and 2.25"", and it seems impossible from what I have said here regarding the young stages of Velella and of Porpita which I have had the opportunity to examine to consider Rataria as anything but the young of Porpita, as Burmeister had already done. The young Porpita in its Rataria stage passes through an embryonic stage, in which the young Porpita has a prominent sail fully as marked as the sail of the corresponding stage in Velella. This stage, to a certain extent, recalls strongly Velella. That this embryonic character gradually disappears with age, has been shown by g Pagenstecher ; but the succeeding stages do not lead, as has been supposed, to Velella, but to Porpita. At no time in the development of Velella do we have any trace of eight compartments arranged round a central chamber. We have, it is true, a central chamber; but there are only concentric chambers in the earliest stages I have seen; while the Rataria stages figured by Pagenstecher * correspond admirably to the young stage of Porpita I found at the Tortugas, in which the eight central chambers occupy the greater part of the disk, and can, as is well known, still be traced in fully grown specimens. * Zeits. f. Wiss. Zool., XII., 1863, Pls. XL, XLI, p. 496. aS so tien amie eetinne allot 41 nt af wero aot! noe poe onT 2 oF Aig i min ae» svelte Horan 'a? 8 fi Revhenasth Vee hs @* PLATE L Fia. 1. Velella mutica, seen in profile ; natural size. Fia. 2. The same, seen from above. Fia. 3. The same, seen from below, with a pall cluster of reproductive roe ome four diameters. U } f ; s We Sram! Pa 0 Ignis we aleY thd We ltay or ited ci id thers y ‘We Wants, hi oe f fels ae Peualaveyco Seep yes wl 1 recy ie oe Ione fe ) Wein et eh _ es Meio AAPA) he) eee) 4 +d Ducati ~ "a i - £).eub rn “rs if : L li a2 ay J! 4 S eu 4 inyps Ma risk Sh See ihint Dr 0h san Bai wiht: al yon gi RROR TOM 9557 (a ¥ eras want evel rails oe sre lente UM am; ‘lisreest hi aah tly {iewos daphes ~ : Beinia)- » he Seiwa vs knead eae ey eee": aah ' - ’ * ; 14u Lita orl part pled axte brdacn willie § Aitw WEP A? ober ole cts) ATE 4 weviTehgoeien th Par) 4 t = ar f \ * 7 O ra Rekpalgsinad utjot se ORR ide luge aide Mh odstepadl hut Oia F tamil mill abtaewod fer Lusbere tei Stile vied ie mae 2) A “I . 16. PLATE 11 Larger kind of reproductive polypite of adult Velella: a, actinal opening ; }, clusters of lasso- cells forming patches over the surface of the upper extremity of the polypite ; mm, clusters of medusx buds in different stages of development, magnified. Actinal opening of feeding polypite. Fig. 4. Another view of the actinal opening of a reproductive polypite. Magnified view of larger feeding polypite ; in these the patches of lasso-cells are but slightly de- veloped towards the free extremity ; near the base, however, they form huge spheres b'0’, studded in part with gigantic lasso-cells. Smaller kind of reproductive polypite, more slender than Fig. 1, with a smaller number of meduse buds. The patches of lasso-cells are clustered together so as to form hemispherical projections, which become slightly pedunculated towards the base. Magnified view of two of the hemispherical clusters of lasso-cells of the surface of one of the smaller proliferous polypites. These polypites are open at the extremity. Another view of a smaller proliferous polypite distended with food. Small and slender feeding polypite. Lettering as in Fig. 4. Actinal extremity of one of the smaller kinds of feeding polypites greatly extended. Meduse of Velella freed twelve hours from the reproductive polypites: d, digestive cavity ; ch, chymiferous tubes ; y, yellow cells; /, one of the large lasso-cells forming the four lines running from the tentacles to the apex ; ¢#’, large and small rudimentary tentacle; m, acti- nostome. Somewhat older than preceding stage. Lettering as above. Fig. 10 seen from above with the sides of the bell slightly drawn in. Young Velella just before it separates from the proliferous polypites. Magnified view of the base of the rudimentary tentacular bulb: J, outer line of lasso-cells in the periphery of the bell ; ¢, rudimentary tentacle ; g, clusters of yellow cells. Medusa of Velella copied from drawings for L. Agassiz’s Contributions to the Natural History of the United States. : Same seen from the abactinal pole. —_— =7r Surface Fauna of the Gulf Stream ee at Bs he = » a eee S64 es aes a 1M = re a yy " 4 a a —— ’ rex na . - _ = ae 7 =~ ; _ ¢ ath STAYS : ues 7 a F ais - Pez: fairte ig} | Heat A, ¢ WigunyL stl doe an 40 hy ieee sitet lube Suuiee Be .8 ‘agent esata 9 SMAI pals Tiel. Borst ohh ail xem aeddss grelierte Gh) ohibal ; 5 absnee Laer? aliquid wy URLS ira aeice in. ait) and 4 bamatae wri feu Daa jdgh ae) tended ivovew (ete GA all) a ito wed cit Jperta wre cioksdwy Diets Meal danily fenton bel) tetioroile Sfitor ni 1 urd be onten ot? 5 Mi Thekequrio ai yee aiid ferjteol ony alaity Yo = ithe Mgrs itd gonnile lesdigilbr yelu i valerie So sbjjnend ine, Ye ay Geax), panclt otli bo std rowel odd) betbidig Gilt giv bolled 5 5 . i ae a fHiiitey ri - tea uee Soe yaya Gh laid Sint ae “bo a yi PHiiebal DRY Seritsiy 4 10 teal ‘i i ‘ ie lotsa: tatyits eet ee Pitnlpawrih atvte bois atiaia vitor j F Beats tn fo 4 Syty teeta sebidtinals fie vilhved eflalsY amit oto bed ody Wo wale sled 4 ip bata letig o noi wveds r beBbtspecr ey UID p eas 81 ove om 7 tT bt ah qonn rien iginl 08 eal bx endehaato yy Laraceitis eA bine yay beige tuiyik bu Hine! OR) Waits: Habel isi bedcnee torte wlvrity sul food oil’ etolod em ueleieel - WH ard la wai wT 1S nl al tas tn fatil L.arebiee - rivaagy (rested gittyaAd few iligued at wat ae re Fpabisiwewis prot ict wiwit® Late? Vater lo jolt 2 ‘ jeri) V1 Hide to all weit lahat figinl OT 2renls Paik ath AY nC | 6h: at dine a hy moaiisl aa ai jo taint io Heda Bhs sailt | Tt ail? ©} Ay mat) vies Gott erating ovlnwrs hws ahioly7 yuan ya Jo Sad fe teal ial to Tem fast Tice Ar bole ” Bed site ullavien ol seglt weligind jictet cole eit) Thad AT) ai iiwrvig Da win rect = a sonal (g j a a bay thee al 7 eh as chat aut Sddut rdciipaty pines Mor Mite yaues Vy ofan hu tare ‘ Awl? Sh ere 4 I pelt sande adds oy lies tae atlale¥ Ase ele patil malt + a f Oe by inisie') . 4 tll 5 lew aR i od) tomer? stig ath nie fin Mir -isl-ailuategs gen | pebbled teiriarinps ; : ' — 7 PE eercltn 7 i oie Fadl ft ts fo ee) a ysiihte em Tit iodine ine nity > Satta) 45 eas ny fan Le tora! aia) yn > ls ae AAD syariber vert] ca 1 ue y 3 i esti oO Seat , ae wal } ah tebe as salty wioiey Ek ad he ito ; vebaii ue Oo 7 2h ; ual) & Reinat i Optic atts fe) yO Salil aa Ti wiiteu thihoy u a ly Aa | } seus i dow wa 7 coh iyi ; as { ‘ ' fuaitiecay te amin rete vlad) Aide allots Ferre: Lot nipars anigyeryelt bolt ~ ” yu bovcorn, silt iiss Py ct pdlitads obrpecnn Ay Biss A ediitado tei ee aT : wre? lintis ' il anele ' 7 2G ‘ sailifede dew een Wie diel t th rch? Los deci fies cirrepatst t aa; +, Dnt aa. 1 Aveticenyy DADE pay tA ees apts guiborrredy, ediie adieang C2) ane ae > “aif nbd erates (el Hiv log bhi Ate Une iid Jo alee &iger 4 7 ==. 4 gears mile, v lec il ] at . 7: wml oll in hor vowel alle nied) yehdra edfiln * efor! & (tae , 7 “an 7 wlitay Uae ph eater ener we toca! eiboetint vl We sien | ineat sath ~ aubialfat act? es aitvog alli aiwaihs ddlule¥ eeu et Mee Snell incl say be by a vs mM i Sen 408 Meyers ol) Seas east call Ws pllew ww wil wits Yor whet Ler vice ty t anit Hb eee | wel nensty daghone oils ivi! ; wl A ahisliedts eben seen fri, Matrogdnd yhoo pllew poll toll wits docriy why eer ta glee alge aha tien bopdecnt. ud Da he iuhktw oe apral a by eit wT shat att Paes Yo sen Yoo A oc) wort] idee 4 Baer een ‘ MORE HAL unite doll enti mies Lipeicton: viel) by ieee a) wut deinen nd ani talented mess de ivy leet Lt + + aie A) inet eo F jodds mrilaitet ty Eo pejrty atl Na jenny TT, 7 ' Wega! we hi wee : 4 ate) ai) guerre) f i ievun iT " faraly } —— Lr 7 Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. PapAvIE SEED. Float of young Velella seen from above, ;; of an inch in length : ff’ groove in which the main branch of the circulatory system passes from the fixed edge of the float to the base of the keel. In this stage the keel is a slight ridge surmounting the single central chamber: o’o”, apertures opening externally from the fifth and seventh chamber on the right, and from the second and fourth on the left. The same as Fig. 1, seen in profile, showing the central chamber round which are arranged, in an irregular elliptical shape, the eight chambers of which the float, at this stage, is composed: ft, so called air tubes attached to the lower side of the float; f, groove of main branch of circula- tory system. Float of a young Velella measuring 38; of an inch. Lettering as above; 0!”’0’” ing externally from the ninth and sixth chambers on the right and left. Profile view of the float of a young Velella having eight chambers, measuring $ of an inch in length. Lettering as in Fig. 2, The keel, a’, rises quite perceptibly above the central cham- ber on a slight conical projection: a!-a8, successive chambers of the float. Profile view of Fig. 3. Lettering as before. The keel has greatly increased in height and the second line of growth is apparent. Float of young Velella with twelve chambers measuring } of an inch in length and haying seven lines of growth in the keel, which, in this stage, isa high conical lamella of entirely different proportions to the float than in the adult or larger specimens. Profile of central part of the float and keel of a young Velella with twelve chambers, but only four lines of growth in the keel; this is also much broader than is usually the case at this stage, — ;,” in length. Profile of young Velella with seventeen chambers in the float, measuring ;'; in length, with six lines of growth in the keel. Portion of horizontal surface of the float of young Velella with twelve chambers, showing the openings leading from one chamber to the adjoining ones through the common walls ; the opening in the last chamber opens externally. Showing on a somewhat larger scale the passages leading from one chamber to the other in the eight outer chambers of the float of the preceding figure. » apertures open- Figs. 11, 12, 13. Opening in the outer chamber of three young Velelle varying in size from + to nearl D ? ? P t=} y to} J 5 9 y Fig. 15. Fig. 16. Vig. 17. Fig. 18. Fig. 19. an inch in length. This opening is always in continuation of the line of openings forming the communication between adjoining chambers. Diagrammatic transverse section of young Velella with twelve chambers, showing the position of the keel a’, the central chamber a, and the concentric chambers a!\—a” with the groove f for the main branch of the circulatory system. Diagrammatic section of the float of a Velella with twenty-two chambers. The corresponding section of the opposite side showing the position of the groove f. This groove is only a fold of the upper walls of the chambers, and does not divide the chambers into dis- tinct spaces ; they form each a continuous ring. General view of the position of the clusters of tubules arising from the lower side of the four inner chambers ; some of the tubules branch, a rare occurrence in our Velella. Inner view of the conical part of the float of a large Velella, showing the position of the tubules and the corrugations and folds of the lower walls of the inner chambers; the corrugations ccc become less prominent in proportion to the distance from the central chamber; near the mar- gin of the float the walls merely bulge out and form slight undulations. Tubules of a large Velella which have penetrated through the so-called liver, and appear on the top of the liver when seen from the lower side of the cone of the float. View from the inside of the central part of the float showing the tubules of a young Velella measuring about }” in length. Basal part of three tubules near the attachment to the central chamber in a Velella measuring about 4 an inch in length. PL. Ill Gulf Stream Surface Fauna of the ASS oa A.Meiwel. Printed by A. Ag. dot P Roewer, iith jewad gablil Mi he ahd alstibe ; j prirariy 7 * if ie wh} ‘ ; Me « msi. tah oe et Hi oJ ohne « Ane jase lute umileMinnel 4 1 — pe Fig. Fia. Fra. Fic. Fig. Fie. Fic. Fira. Fia. Fra. i) 6. -13 14. 15, IP III UNE Profile view of the keel and float of small Velella, measuring about $ inch in length: ca, outer chamber of the float; a, one of the concentric chambers; /, so-called liver; p, folds of the man- tle covering the keel extending from the canal at the base of the keel to the canal e at the edge of the mantle. Small Velela, about 4 of an inch in length, (seen from above) showing the few ramifica- tions of the so-called liver system, 7, seen through the float; s, rudimentary keel; ji, free edge of the mantle. Slightly more magnified view of a part of the edge of a young Velella, somewhat older than the preceding figure: v, principal ramifications; v’, secondary ramifications of the free edge of the mantle. Portion of the edge of a small Velella, measuring 3, of an inch in length: v’, primary ramifications; v’, secondary branches; g, marginal glands of the free edge of the mantle, seen from above. Portion of the edge of a small Velella, slightly older than the preceding figure, in which the principal ramifications still extend to the free edge of the mantle. Portion of the edge of the float of a small Velella, about in the same stage as the preceding figure, with proportionally larger marginal glands, but shorter secondary ramifications, than in Fig. 4. Portion of the edge of the mantle of a Velella measuring about one inch in length, with long . marginal glands g, with a simple free edge of the mantle e, extending beyond, and small clusters of yellow cells c, moderately closely packed along the outer edge of the mantle. Portion of the edge of the mantle of a Velella, measuring about two inches in length, with a fringed free edge of the mantle e, beyond the marginal glands g, with large patches of yellow cells c, closely packed together over the whole of the free edge of the horizontal mantle be- yond the float. Somewhat more magnified view of a part of the horizontal mantle of the float, to show the shape of the ramifications of the so-called liver canals extending between the patches of yellow cells. Single cluster of yellow cells with the fan-shaped terminations of the liver canals, Portion of the outer edge of the horizontal mantle of a Velella, in which the ramifications of the vascular system terminate in sacs more or less filled with clusters of yellow cells. Separate clusters of terminal extremities of the vascular system of a Velella nearly in the stage of the preceding figure, taken near the edge of the float. Pouch-like terminal clusters of the vascular system filled with yellow cells, seen from above near the glandular band of the mantle. Shows the delicate dendritic ramifications of the large vascular (liver) canals seen from the lower side of the float, entirely free from accumulations of yellow cells. Part of one of the main vascular tubes, with large star-shaped ramifications and large clusters of yellow cells, seen from the upper surface, near the float. PLIV Surface Fauna of the Gulf Stream 2 eT ered pamiutn ant ghire ss elias past: PAil-hotd » Air sige T all de hain AtolsY teal ~ & “pyifla Br | alfizadl ap! bediimnge Syste oi 1 ati 11) I in eee Doont Set beainns n nd be atoutirs m Dante alla ddonpesyial tists. sshpelry [Artes sptal 0 ili jy, tote Das 4 , sartigeh ny yitiietyrinte uitiues [ner wae Shere Pantry : agra dealt Wenders weril 40) Yo Mele fips 4i¢ grraeihe giro ile douTl avaws (fui ght Ee A out ersranhs wirtalis Bisse Y eeped 4 tuaihyy fig teenie) iz beaitee aie haotivad lor AG x ; Wilacers- with util sah ite | 7 Di, loeasl ibotsiebe 410 osa@s sounds ty Vitasetign [net quate grihusoy si Las-obenl Wo Tphel Sith sertreeselle ga'Tp Mi imd UE Lois \\er(q ide Th Pei re anil bd ® exctes wild “ bass tain ahh poivonloasore dlipes Nee Pragya be ere Feed Hidkuuiret fe tulwin ; 7 ablawg-af at, by Tee didtsl eq «thecal. bial wilticadw +1 Coy Shetulwry a bi seal nil) to gl 2 ie: oenhrting Y ‘Asesserny| w Sat: Tein, ait) TUE oF oti oui, polocinet uate aot igen «Sa j FauuMiad awww I a Inodite tcl yiteoedh de WAR) oyiel lst Giada alien: vlany glee ‘vy .&] ib tlt Witte ,om stant sail: ney dire walpgliergsinaatth iy yuh 441 if nF peesiaet ola WW sat a 1 piedes> talicor! of) de eanaaliitt .6e os, dev ON Terrie peel a) Gin Ska te Wh Mito quithoet dindiows «6 iP Ws vty Dyial ied 25 7 Fia. Fic. Fic. Fia. 4. IPTG AMEND) WUE Young Velella seen in profile, measuring about ;’; of an inch in length: c, central chamber; 1, central part of the liver in the conical part of the float; f, flexible keel formed by the free edge of the mantle; cp, central feeding polypite; ¢, prehensile tentacles; fp, small feeding polypites. Same seen from the lower side, with single ramifications of the liver system extending to the edge of the horizontal mantle. Somewhat younger than the preceding stage. The ramifications of the liver system are Jess pronounced ; the central feeding polypite is not expanded as in the other stages. One of the large blue prehensile marginal tentacles, ¢, of the preceding figure. Fies. 5, 6,7. Different stages of growth of the small feeding polypites of Fig. 3. Fie Fig. Fia. Fra. Fic. Fie. Fie. Fia. Fia. Fr. Fic. Fia 5 Ast cutee 18. Smallest Velella found at the Tortugas, with a hood-like free mantle, with only four chambers, a conical float, much like that of Pl. III, Fig. 1, in shape, surmounted by a flexible flat ellip- tical crest, with a large central polypite, eight large prehensile marginal tentacles, and the same number of small rudimentary feeding polypites. The same as Fig. 8, seen from above, showing the simple tubes of the liver system of that stage. Central polypite ofa large Velella slightly drawn in. Different attitude of the same. Basal part of the same when fully expanded. Distal extremity of the same when fully extended. Terminal part of one of the prehensile tentacles, showing the band of lasso-cells running along the edges. Somewhat more magnified view of a part of such a gentacle, showing the terminal band of lasso-cells. Pari of the base of a prehensile tentacle where the band of lasso-cells becomes broken up in patches. One of the prehensile tentacles showing the passage of the terminal band of lasso-cells into patches near the base. Young prehensile tentacle, with large patches of lasso-cells, but without a terminal band. Portion of proliferous polypite with young meduse buds m, and the extremity of the tubule ¢. Fras. 20, 21. Ramifications of the vascular system at the base of the feeding polypites on the mantle of Fig 29 asa. the lower side of the float. Enlarged view of the central feeding polypite of an adult Velella, showing the rudimentary lips of the actinal opening and the longitudinal rows of patches of lasso-cells 6. Surface Fauna of the Gulf Stream P Rootror, ith A, Ag. del. Printod by A.Seiset, = 7 — r . ‘ pel a . * tee > a . 2 oe ‘ s { ' " ad is ; 1 . Di ae ve at a A 7 dua. pey inh, ' ' af My t . ig . a Wot t 2 i 4 Pay ASIUEY, GVel Te { + Fig. 1. Porpita seen in profile fully expanded, 14” in diameter. > Fig. 2. The same seen from the upper side of the float. + a1 eat Vat e He -., ny 3) wemdpeittedyer noe a ahw shige sit? rw rf eh ih) Manel Ve noben aq A i ; belance att shtiw fier) ‘eaiepylog ov bearer sgt doirsi eect OH 29 Gere Gi elit sunt i eunage nds iota . DP lerdk.od) to wtpiusadia BRL) sv wae Oy yphiv intel ‘Tersiley daclt out “ho obi WAVE nah sty grrhiterae 9 -oloelot aul Witte g wih) 41 bw al ; is poise — sitilor wilt peered pesto) weroalt Wf lMlee2eFiL odd Yo. naar. pets me htiepet lx anh wees yibarpepet fies Holle! alt qo ws » . 4 a Sd bo abia dowel bite oo gu 7h be hs salts wiirt wll in Fens tent! od} a ea sotto qoiheorxs eeluntine, xa ty ay ce tae nee | oy © eailtes ot io tune im J ajar: latipes YAM ResGEH tcre—T2 |) rt «tnt ~~ iy 4 any, ay wi as WOT uipardediluvaes olpots A ahi Pikeay a a |} 7 et aacibety ip, soit oct ane fo site ) ) Wariongy lone A 7 . oo = Wy a Saree An fiw ahy eto aivele sdasolenia Veh wi er ent! sei OM) Tad waitd ani at Scitnictes | oleate obs rie athlon: stout sbrmas) ofy ‘yt > oy Wey test! fT ehabing ein Rebtlknigs tits rood Lert guj Bigileur pin f Sg oatlleepsanl nepal * agen © thmeliette lo cnet as agit “ante lows oD “Aipwinglt aonbewny cay si ha gyi Steguols vitae pedis dedwandy Mou beuy gat » . a. TePerds Wo sotiis wih} “ote Teck, alte, a ACR faa fh Wel woywied strifiowne hai opete dagheun tad Y oy - an alge] bee sine a : “ State ei ieiey git ; : Hi - v ptieky (ABT nove T 7" Ae finn Mibesis Patani ida ‘ineatealy fie jhe S54 eg iid Dal Ds ptisy Uitrvitewirl 2, "2 rind an yrioitil 2 eral cya Wl) wd Wifes Doe Lhe abt hs wulns OAL ie watrnc's ie wens Madre Tie milf lit Ul “ily hn.coultroy ails ho allel Ait dy an ating von witsuboapes of! ot Tdsatin Ube aan win Dawviggivrt ont a. ani 4 qileib TAD Dybo bs 2 wlyeom sip to > angle cart eld Vor stotteny A * a 4a Yo ! ui i te Bia Yo doin, & Wodle nt ateih aif To “aie sym wih (add nit i’ a abitply Taadyundt sult gael gotinbiaky Syrin'd Pisnaty Sts awst oat ot aig. TL Yosef Socelor lr Galois naiy Aesoses} : eS Oe bs 4 at cont ~ ort + ed = aad Wy ao 7 allt a aud a art Ot ort at od ee ah ol Al oft GLas1 Bi) wt PR a | sept mi Fic. Fie. Fic. Fic. Fic. Fic. Fic. Fic. Fic. Fia. Fie. Fic. Fic. Fic. Fic. Fic. Fia. Fie. Fia. Fig. 1. LS. 2. 3. 3. 4. On = 16°. 17. PAG AGTAR Wel: A portion of the disk of a Porpita, showing the white plate with its spongy ramifications 7, extend- ing into the base of the feeding and reproductive polypites (cp, fp), with the so-called liver J, placed between the lower floor of the chambers of the float c, and the spongy upper part of the white plate ; with the tubules f, extending from the lower side of the float through the mass of the liver, many of them passing through the white plate and extending along the base of the feeding and reproductive polypites. General view showing the relative position of the white plate 7, the liver /, the chambers of the float c, and of the tubules of the upper and lower side of the plate. A cluster of feeding and reproductive polypites: t, tubules extending along the base; m, meduse buds in different stages of development. A single reproductive polypite with two very young meduse buds b. Actinal opening of one of the feeding polypites. - A single reproductive polypite with clusters of meduse m, in different stages of development and the tubule ¢, extending more than half the length of the polypite towards its extremity. Different view of a single reproductive polypite, with two clusters of medusz. Young medusa just freed from the reproductive polypite: d, canal leading to the cavity of the polypite through the base of attachment; y, clusters of yellow cells; ¢, large lasso-cells. Young medusa, somewhat older, more elongate, lettering as in the previous figure. The lasso- cells extend along the sides of the bell. Young medusa, stage intermediate between Figs. 6 and 7. Same seen from above. Fig. 6 seen from above. Fig. 7 seen from above. Abactinal part of the bell of Fig. 7: ch, chymiferous tubes ; d, rudimentary digestive cavity. Portion of the edge of the bell of a medusa in the stage of Fig. 7, lettering as before. One of the large lasso-cells of the surface of the bell with the coil partially thrown out. Young medusa still attached to the reproductive polypite. A portion of the free edge of the mantle: d, edge of the disk; g, one of the marginal glands. View from the lower side of the disk, to show a portion of the ramifications of the liver. Fatty globules filling the marginal glands. rf Stream uu Fauna of the Gr Surface A Agdel Po Roeter, uh Se =, a = S 27 sh = 4 a s ' = ; 7 = — - ee eo ee 4 - J . é 7 be | : . ee Ai STAY pee . me) - Te . -% ‘ ; : : a the T tt 4 : By eas SY Narita fe et oern! on chy nw he sit ond =I, ae 7 2 Hil tial ett h etbieinal Tenigues jos °!: ol vinedtirg - T2% ; 2 : 7 ’ : . ’ 7 A aA @hattunt collins ee ne acd & law Ama teal ld To thts £ Hal pel Ti Tr a ot bart il aby 7 betas bain inesli nue piitteer little aisha seabrrey Fan) ' sl 1 a Teesnrail ot ge 4 i ia re sath afl dlty male : , Sok apenaill roel) mail aioe gi grout d tete ira wb ont. elit Meal wriucnle A oe Tee i lege ternal pPlarattw aie Bs MPve Ll tensgeseait AE y orld wilewetas) sift ; * sahitrd salina yh ellis WW) Oeil rele adage Wp 4 late ‘creutrr ; = der ats: Wy ies 1h. etlvine” ‘TAIN aie, i iyi god eimlie ver nae a) syele vad) iis ] - BD tircr 14" vey “Ae ks | nde al Me Riot Toss Qi au Blister | goinaiie viclouwe ; L fale indi eat ipl. yroly ditin Wyatt? weelosteind ‘ha ew Eri 2 Ilys adr duit ai Mami 814) “at ua whee ip Watet> ye solbokes wilt da wiechestimall 2 tt et, — Sep) Moab alin od Lop gvertie ‘ville 4a" Pan Mot oenyr ‘tote ihitw wtelotade » : 7 + . ‘ fey. 7 ‘A . : : ; PLATE IX. Fig. 1. Young Porpita with the eight primary chambers, surrounded by simple straight vascular canals Fre. 2. with eight large primary four-knobbed marginal tentacles ¢, sixteen secondary tentacles ¢’, of about half the length of the first set, and a third set of still smaller tentacles ¢”’, from thirty to fifty in number, alternating between them and searcely projecting beyond the mar- gin of the disk. The disk measures only 3!” in diameter. A somewhat older stage, the disk measuring about 4 more in diameter than the preceding stage. The tentacles have greatly increased in length and are proportionally more slender ; the primary and secondary tentacles also have two coils of tentacular knobs. Still older stage, the primary chambers occupy a comparatively smaller area of the disk ; the secondary tentacles, #/, are nearly as long and slender as the eight primary ones, t; and the third set of tentacles, ¢’, have also developed tentacular knobs. Ramifications of the vascular system in an older stage than the preceding, in which the eight primary chambers, with their openings o’, are now surrounded by irregular circles of open- ings, 0”, o'”’, leading to the second and third concentric chambers of the disk. Extremity of the primary tentacle of a young Porpita, in the stage of Fig. 2. Pl. IX f Stream the Gul Surface Fauna of a! LS Tig au WU ITT 4 £ es 5 Printed by A.Meise) A Ag.del P Roetter, ith _ — ae th, i . =~ © a “a S - te j : Ps i : é i 7 % - . a 7 — ui s : : Tie a ~~ ‘ * Mhaw yonwe avbibure oli dairy orale Nay fh qoromuud Minpel agate yh woes Vat od 7 « + « , —_ {ju gearnts deily oft ote heh og) 2 a . ‘ rab at : . ¢ Smoiesar) Gap! eer) 6. Ve tah aA Te iecainterts alt Yivelec! are noel twp etait. a ; _ uafigrte ts yl :? - ae erbaas ald Latradt Pe shal pit) We lett Sail We Reet Wie Sing a te it Tuy Tesiin = 3 ; , autopsy ion, aoxeretter ; y soups Yo waret ofl) bas. ve wlny rloig Arties gine Wi, th oi ald Art wode whi 4 wel silt Tw stp ey eguperte oO aahinligydls the yy ett vbey ve iio tie hay borhan Belt Yor ment bt wa Atte nkrjen yoial Mi mibyelry tines ba5 griwnde dai, 1) alien) oe coe Pecltiojuglf: ai Taaivraa wl) Age stint Taal Aero’ sili Ta Fe et CR el el - a) o y a uv by i r wat onl ef BANG) 4elivsrteial - * ¢ Rib ai eerleare hy halla iw ogy Ga theg yliledt oye adoacs Tonite Th Wary ahi galt i art » wend aul 44 salbwdas adetupaieioutinar ail dit Bab dou qoleiok by ay - tli bh baueniegirtsts wilt msi walihe vil hog aticalins | Qatpey Sih t inl mld e bore | uperielt T are 7 nA = i men ne : 7 me ST) i Me a i. 4 wiepaten levi nas Mali TH yorogyl Tarr hd Oyo et < obenbesy Lia ears Salpseroet BAL eRe airtuy wll gow opie Apu’) er | etre Tiny [eiipretived de Yin Vette Ee dyverd di ete, jpbiewatt ic ql Or PLATE X. Profile view of a large Porpita measuring 1,4” in diameter, with the tentacles swung under the disk and the disk thrown up. Disk seen from above to show the arrangement of the tentacles of a young Porpita, measuring about 4” in diameter. ; Magnified portion of a part of the disk of Fig. 2, and of the corresponding marginal tentacles ; pp, proliferous polypites. Portion of the lower side showing the mouth of the central polypite m, and the rows of repro- ductive polypites pp, with the tubules ##, extending over the base of the central polypite. Magnified view of a portion of the disk showing the central polypite cp, fully expanded, with the rows of reproductive polypites pp, between the base of the central polypite and the marginal tentacular polypites tp. Magnified view of a small reproductive feeding polypite pp, with a cluster of meduse in differ- ent stages of development, and with the meandering tubules extending over its base. Extremity of one of the largest marginal tentacular polypites, showing the arrangement of the tentacular knobs. Magnified view of one of the tentacular knobs. Folds of the actinal opening of the central polypite. Profile view, showing the arrangement of the tentacular marginal polypites. Different stages of growth of the smaller marginal tentacular polypites. PLLX Printed by A.Moine! A Ag del. Surface Fauna of the Gulf Stream P.Sootter, ith -~ a 2) a a es ie i - i. —_—— a _ uu “y re. - pclae (idle «fii vn tah pie ait M4 tery © gut er bb Vin ebide Herercil site Vo seat : they alti esl dyienevt loeeny ron fade “Ab ekgtyt nd to ney Wild Titty, G4eti ait! Ye of : ll grocer ol Wp ots i bee aru Pimyereiny Mit te Atetteny bh al as stl ia» any Va hamiiated (sib pill We arden 6 1 Will yittoily Saari paula rel | iit : a dilipaaw pad fy - sahil bo ewe bard ott bel a aoe andy Wie tlaaliy sepenizie tee att lew yy nifomds Ls hare Ss Si all eye jada), ure abun a nit} Wo-dpmididore wre ald de eel) imenact us 3 “ = Lees haley atedx esinid lial piresiotondia 6 afer sii Sj kids s S a ig woR 7 7 ; » wailed nT Ww wint du atin ee) « rope: Levigemtayy ¥i é b, ie * Btestrs) bequl 16 Ateresgietep “ah? Karey ibe giladdemilt-RS jeedie~) vedine il! | ' 7 oy in i ‘ 4 - r 7 ; > - Pt aire sit sdb Sun Pie PAN nes ADA They Gonyisemmcesnwn’> oy Lt Vey seirh shyt toile NY A an Pandy ag | i‘ erniruy ail. Mi hav a pes ytd 8 potas ih? Api’ fee deus A = 5 1 5 otal 4 wins all Hott #lwat livid ails hy vr Hi, 1alewit , ’ + sunt <1 ‘aid eis Hyer t ify wilh Th rh ‘ Pore ati ti mqitl ol Ui iy mali lin reworks @ painhe Salyer 24) Pierre ligite Ted gi . ; a rear? > aD su pot tad Pe 4 ie ay - , F P “gt UE ne alt i Shere Cran) wad MH a) li abi ae hs wt A | ’ vay tai fv iA eet i vatlemnli | ie Valor Gees taal wll on ie) vonei hh ae ee ih Jeri a Ay cctrpoel at ue fh ht Be ity all Fv tits . ' hae ‘ealyyber deta wth iy jeri emeladinke vie 13 hw |") ; wus bebe Paap ili Te weui) jy iactlen ylewhueel alt jedi wepe | ’ a bir: 11 Soe Pasesg ola oe Heal occtpebabivons (pd yEee at rt Mid snob Da Pyatg telijss ii wish anpereey Wit 5 BPM PP itdes 4 | has Vig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Figs. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9. Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14. PLATE XI. Portion of the lower side of the disk, showing a part of the white plate ss, with the ramifications of the liver UJ, and the course of the tubules ft, which have passed through the white plate, with portions of the corrugations of the lower side of the circular chambers c. Diagrammatic sketch showing the relative position of the disk, of the edge of the white plate, and of the mantle. Central chamber a, with the adjoining chambers from which lead the first rows of tubules t. Cluster of tubules on the dorsal side of the white plate. Corrugations of three of the inner chambers of the lower side of the disk, showing the short tubules and their mode of attachment, about under the white plate. , 6. Greatly enlarged view of a few joints of one of the tubules. Part of the outer portion of the disk, showing the arrangement of the stigmata 0, on the upper surface. Slightly oblique view of the cross-section of the outer part of the disk showing the position of the stigmata oo, of the successive chambers aa, and of the primary and secondary corrugations on the lower side, ¢ and c’, of the circular chambers, and the mode of attachment of the tubules ff. Different profile view of a portion of the disk. Lettering as before. Shows the general arrangement of the simple corrugations, v, of the lower side of the circular chambers, in a young specimen. Portion of the lower side of the disk showing the folds of the lower side of the chambers, ¢ ¢’, as older far as the last outer cireular wall, ppp, of the disk. Portion of the disk of a young Porpita, ,/’ in diameter, with four circular chambers ; 0’—-o*, stig- mata, ff’, fold in the chambers corresponding to the original eight chambers, and forming in older specimens the irregularly radiating lines of the upper side of the disk. Slightly oblique end view of a part of the corrugations, c c’, of the last chamber of the edge of the disk. An end view of a few corrugations of a similar part of the disk, P Roatier, ith oe Printad by A.Meixal Oe, i a" : His MTV ancl Piast wi” i Pale j ppictvicesetigg INIT (peta Ah! Yaibrauds bo » shes TOT wilt ware) ave wns. 2a sy - & - Savbaapab 1 “y seat ens sigt etre: ts mts) h dail adi bo aoiews) &. peek ' aa] itt ys ba Be wire 4 huidw in ree yd? » Lapis tip T aro t tay i. ovals ucnrtt ie Meinh haniaviet wu! = : - 4et Pi eth 13 tees ,b git Bi Dials atl dhoeen wien’) sevoy 2 ln ae SEH noi T AF ort € - i ; : aitieioeteys a niniesy sul Bi ‘ te! ee toliaey ola Hilw oe] bP Git tileule ¥ wth yr any p ty Seth pti We wolie) te yl za , pe S73 mend est Fenyiin oi YUadernexpcig ienel wilt divert) Hom iT By ele fale 9 gy fhgeno'r « 0 doth alt to ser’ t 7 @ - ; det Beralpyowe vel, sana 2 Pees in WT ahhat a bo deh adi We fora + ot = 6 ir eeu! oan p "| bitin atrrapant Walefin “At aon HY & To dei: adi lo entre! OM nd ALiaan: wks ie tkyient elt ay Lear iyail ore sited’ lager batt he — Fava nals my wearers bi nye’ 1 gino a ho dar bes gions") iN met 1 repinatle id’ if othaip for squeal palepa Sn to dete wild 1 1m, thot it ant ' 7 7 . = » ye « i AR emi li Ye rules wel We abbot fathy 17 uh 4 wt (i _ Teer ay thls Witt jab *) Litrtieaien pal@itl « lis doihecaly le noitee't fi pie ia ' P 7 Dir . : al : . : ihictash “inh Dow euelirs gyi ° a hae ‘ie : R 5 a he tad yeeed oolldviie GUY Gassec heii Sli WG nertey A PLO} nA SYNOPSES AND DESCRIPTIONS. var. VULPINUS. Light brown, more or less red or gray, with broad quadrate blotches of chocolate or brown. Series of scales 25. Michigan and adjacent States. ELAPHIS QUADRIVITTATUS: CoivBer quaprivitratus Holbrook, 1842, N. A. Herp. ITI, 89. Exapuis quaprivirratus Dum. & Bibr., 1854, Erp. Gén. VI, 265. Elongate, compressed, angled at the sides; neck small; head distinct elongate, tapering regularly to the moderately broad snout; crown flat; tail short, near one fifth of the total, tapering. Eye moderate, over the fourth and fifth labials, pupil round. Mouth-cleft deep, curved. Head- shields nine, broad. Frontal broader anteriorly. Prefrontals bent down on the face. Internasals much smaller than prefrontals. Rostral large, broad. Nasal in two parts, nostril between. A loreal. Anteorbital large. Two postorbitals. Temporals 2+3. Labials eight, seventh largest. In- fralabials eleven, second small, sixth largest. Submentals two pairs, hinder smaller and separated by small scales. Scales lozenge-shaped. Extremity rounded, in 27 rows, dorsal faintly keeled, lateral with faint keels, two or more of the outer broader and smooth. Ventrals 238. Anal bifid. Subcaudals 95. Light yellowish-red (tinged with green anteriorly), with four longitudinal bands, of brownish-red. The bands occupy the third to the fifth and the tenth to the twelfth rows on each side. Belly mottled with brownish-red. These colors occupy only the epiderm; that taken off, the markings appear as in the species guttatus. The head is uniform yellowish-red, with a faint tinge of green, but on close observation the outlines of the head-bands can be readily traced. A specimen before me, secured by Prof. J. A. Allen in Florida, has the colors of quadrivittatus, bands and all, and at the same time the black-margined spots and shorter tail of C. guttatus. Dromicvs. Bibron, 1843. Body somewhat slender, rounded; head distinct from the neck, long, ovoid, crown flat; tail tapering. Eye medium, pupil round. Posterior maxillary teeth longer, smooth. or the whole top of the head is black, excepting the labials and rostral. Ventrals 181 to 208. Subject to great variation. Hab. southern part of Mississippi Valley. var. GENTILIS. Crown-shields, oculars, and rostral black. Prefrontals and loreal mot- tled with yellow, with twenty to forty yellow rings encircling the body. Between the yellow there are pairs of black rings inclosing a narrow space of red, across which the black is sometimes confluent on belly and back, SYNOPSES AND DESCRIPTIONS. 67 thus reducing the red color to vertical bars on the flank. (Ventrals 183 in a Utah specimen before me.) Hab. Colorado and Utah. var. ZONATUS. Fusiform, round; head small, scarcely distinct from the neck, depressed, rounded, crown slightly convex; tail short, stout to near the end. Eye small, pupil round. Muzzle narrow, rounded. Mouth-cleft nearly straight. Teeth equal, smooth. Head-shields short, broad. Rostral broad, low, con- vex. Internasals and prefrontals much broader than long. Frontal nearly as broad as long, posterior angle obtuse. Nasal in two parts, nostril be- tween. Loreal very small. One anteocular, nearly as long as high. Post- oculars two, lower small. Temporals 2+2. Labials seven, eye over third and fourth, fifth and sixth large. Infralabials eight, fifth large. Submen- tals two pairs, posterior half as large as the anterior. Scales short, broad, in 21 rows, outer broader than long. Ventrals 213, broad. Anal entire. Subcaudals 51 pairs. Red. Each seale black-tipped. Head black to the temple. Surrounded by a yellow ring across the hinder portion of the parictals; behind this a complete black ring of equal width—about four scales—touches the angle of the mouth. Body with seventeen pairs of narrow black rings—1I4th on the vent—confluent on the belly, but including a yellow space of their own width three to four scales on the back, and separated from each other pair by a red space about as broad as that occupied by the pair and included space, Acapulco, Mexico. QO. GETULUS var. PYROMELANUS. Head distinct from the neck, muzzle contracted; tail five and one half times in the total. Crown-shields nine. Frontal broad. Posterior sub- mentals half as long as the anterior. Dorsal scales in 23 rows, rather broad, outer not abruptly enlarged. Ventrals 224. Anal one. Sub- caudals 66 pairs. Ground color ochraceous white. Fifty to fifty-eight black annuli, on the anterior portion of the body each is split by a vermillion annulus, poste- riorly the division is incomplete, all extending with irregularities on the belly. In one specimen all the black annuli to the middle of the tail are divided by the red, leaving the black as a margin to it; they are four scales wide behind the middle of the body. In another only four anterior 68 SYNOPSES AND DESCRIPTIONS, rings are completely divided, those on the following third of the body being divided by red on the sides; the remaining annuli black, three scales wide; white annuli one and one half scales; anterior or nuchal red annulus widest, its anterior black margin attaining the parietals. An ochraceous band from the yular region, not quite completed, across the parietals. Muzzle, prefrontals, and labial margin ochraceous, remainder of top and sides of head black, Total length 30.5 inches. (rom descr.) Sonora, OPHIBOLUS GETULUS, pl. V, fig. 3. Couvper GETutus Linné, 1766, Syst. Nat. ed. XII, 382. ero Opnisotus GETuLUs Baird & Girard, 1853, Cat. N. A. Serp., 85. Stout, subcylindrical, slightly compressed, belly broad, rounded; neck large; head not very distinct, depressed, narrow in front; tail short, less than one sixth of total, tapering to a point. Eyes medium, over the third and fourth labials, pupil round. Mouth-cleft deep, outline curved. Crown-shields nine, broad. Frontal broader anteriorly. Rostral low, broader than high, convex. Nasal in two parts, nostril between. Loreal small. One large preocular. Postoculars two. Temporals 2+3. Labials seven, increasing in size to the sixth. Infralabials nine, fifth largest. Submentals two pairs. Scales rhomboid, smooth, in 21 rows (21—23), outer broad. Ventrals 210—225 (with the varieties 210—240). Anal entire. Subcaudals 48—55 pairs (48—65). Lustrous brown to black, exceedingly variable. Back crossed by 25 to 35 narrow yellow bands, which bifurcate on the flanks to meet short longi- tudinal bars on the outer rows with which they form more or less complete unions to the bands immediately preceding or following, thus inclosing large spaces of black on the dorsal rows. Belly uniform black, black with yellow markings, yellow with quadrangular blotches of black, or nearly to quite uniform yellow. Head spotted with yellow, vertical margins of black, Some specimens are more yellow than black, others have very little yellow. Southeastern United States. var. sAYI, pl. V, fig. 4. Yellow bands more numerous, sometimes indistinct. All or nearly all of the scales yellow in the center. Rows of scales commonly 21. Mis- sissippi Valley and Southwestward. SYNOPSES AND DESCRIPTIONS. 69 var. BOYLII. Broad white transverse bands or spots on the sides. Dorsal rows usually 23. California to Mexico. Lioputs. Wagler, 1830. Moderately slender; belly broad, rounded; head little larger than the neck, depressed; muzzle rather short; tail moderate, tapering. Eye mod- erate, pupil round. Crown-shields nine. lerd SYNOPSES AND DESCRIPTIONS. 127 Labials nine, third largest, separated from the orbit by two scales, second forming a border to the pit. Scales keeled, in 23 rows. Ventrals 162. Anal entire. Subcaudals 55, entire. Yellow, with scattered spots or dots on head and body; belly light yellow. Central America to Mexico, TELEURASPIS NUMMIFER. Arropos NuMMIFER Ruppell, 1845, Museum Senckenbergianum, 313. BorHrops NUMMIFER Jan, 1863, Elenc. Sist., 126. Stout; head short, triangular, broad behind; tail short, near one eighth of the total. Eye moderate, pupil erect. Crown covered with small car- inate scales. Sup raciliaries small. Scales of the side of the face small. Seales all keeled, in 25 rows, dorsal keels not reaching the end of the scale. Ventrals 132. Anal entire. Subcaudals 33, entire. A dorsal series of rhomboidal darker-edged brown spots, sometimes com- plete and distinct, and sometimes triangular and alternating across the back, but united in such a manner as to form a zigzag series. ills) Dipsas biscutata D. & B., 1854, Erp. Gen., VII, 1153. Dipsadomorphas biscutatus Gthr., 1858, Col. Serp., 176. -Eteirodipsas biscu- tata Jan, 1863, Sist., 105, — 1872, Icon., livr. 39, pl. 1, #3. Laycodon lyrophanes Cope, 1860, Pr. Ac. Phil., 348. Trimorphodon biscutatus Cope, 1869, Pr. Am. Phil. Soe., 152. Trimorphodon lyrophanes Cope, 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac., 297. Central America to Mexico. Var UATIRASCIATUNG Me teat Ice stoi eal ot: cies eaten cin Pao apo i Dipsas biscutata var. latifascia Peters, 1869, M. B. Berl. ene 877. Pueblo, Mexico, BIBON: UPSILON chine stn aeuls foleris! : CROP OE On OL o Trimorphodon upsilon Cope, 1879, Pr. Am. Phil Soe., 152. Loreals 3. Oculars 8—3. Temporals 3+8+43. Blotches forming transyerse bands, Guadalaxara, Western Mexico, SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. foo OPHIDI A—-Continued. STBONBANATULA DUM tress) (foM stems ice sore sma ked ae et al OMe snide ienie e Vitz., 1826, Neue Class., 60; Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 266. Coluber annulatus Linn., 1754, Mus. Ad. Fridr., pl. 8, f. 2, — 1758, Syst., I, 224, — 1766, Syst., I, 386; Mus. Linck., I, No. 76; Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Linn., I, 1111; Shaw, 1802, Gen. Zool., IIT, 490; Latr., 1802, Rept., IV, 127; Daud., 1803, Rept., VI, 369; Kuhl, 1820, Beitr., 85; Merr., 1820, Amph., 111, — 1821, Beitr., fase. 3, p. 25, pl. 3-4. Dipsas annulata Schleg., 1837, Ess. Phys., I, 165, II, 294; DeFil., 1840, Cat. Serp.; D. & B., 1854, Erp. Gen., VII, 1141; Martens, 1856, Mus. Berl., 82. Lycodon annulatus Boie, 1827, Isis, XX, 527. Leptodeira annulata Fitz., 1843, Syst., 27; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 166. Eteirodipsas annulata Jan, 1863, Sist., 105. Seba, 1735, H, pl. 41, f. 8, pl. 57, £. 1, pl. 71, f. 3; Scheuchser, 1735, Phys. Saer., IV, pl. 652, f. 2; Knorr, 1767, Delic. Surin. Nat., Il, pl. 6, f. 2; Daub., 1771, Dict. Eneyel., 591; LaC., 1789, Quad. Ovip., II, 312; Bechst., 1802, Ueb. LaC., IV, 107, pl. 13, £1; Merr., 1790, Beitr., pt. I, pl. 11; Herm., 1804, Obs. Zool., I, 285. Mexico to Brazil. Weir SERTENTRION ATi beatae ams ism tsme veisiece seer «+e Dipsas septentrionalis Kenn., 1859, Mex. Bound. Surv., II, 16, pl. VIII, f. 1; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep:, X, pl. 25, f. 18. Sibon septentrionalis Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 226. Sibon annulatum subsp. septentrionale Cope, 1875, Checklist, 38. Eteirodipsas annulata var. septentrionalis Jan, 1872, Icon., livr. 39, pl. 1, f. 2. Texas; Arizona; Mexico. SIBONSTORQUAMUMM AMR TMI peM OME Mece sae) av. eile gsi ehcadsuel cessive Leptodeira torquata Gthr., 1860, Ann. Mag. Tipsiglena torquata Cope, 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac., 302. Nicaragua. Var TEA CUCU ME eam PIM UIiie oN sesh (Chisticuieiiel e) 6 eer ecelre s,s! Leptodeira pacifica Cope, 1868, Pr. Phil. Ac., 310. Oculars 2—2. Loreal higher than long. Labials 7, third and fourth in orbit. Temporals1+2. Scales in 19 rows, biporous, all nearly equal. Ventrals 164. Anal bifid. Subcaudals 61 pairs. Back brown- ish, with four series of blackish brown very small spots, of which the median pair forms usually a short cross-bar by their union. A broad black bar across the nape; a short brown line behind each eye, and/a number of dots on the crown. Below uniform cream color. Mazatlan, Mexico, WA ERECONAWUMMW Ie Urs) preb oes neuron a ccivcn sy Since ot sh erie Sethe’ oh s Leptodeira personata Cope, 1868, Pr. Phil. Ac., 310. Oculars 1—2. Loreal as high as long. Labials 8, fourth and fifth in orbit. Temporals 14+2. Scales in 23 rows, biporous. Ventrals 173; anal divided. Cream color, with broad black cross bands on the dorsal region, 23 between nape and vent. Top of head black. A broad yel- lowish collar. Mazatlan, Mexico. SIBONBDISGORGR wa meineene Sisson ston anew esate ts) “oa ss oe Leptodeira discolor Gthr., 1860, Pr. Zobl. Soc. Lond., 317. Oaxaca, Mexico, 18 136 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY OPHIDI A—Continued. a S@Y22ATGENAIB =] ee ae =fpceecoeoo as coe tea oOo beaveross 2 Scytaliens D. & B., 1854, Erp. Gen., VII, 988. Scytalidae Gthr., 1858, Cat. Col., 185. (DecansOisd o Gea aco © a ceo te 315+ sXe fe fo: fe! w\ lolol) (elle) often Mere tammy Wagler, 1830, Amph., 185. OXYRHOPUS €LOELIA.. . . . PoREONNOE OOo dor oo fh CY Guenther, 1858, Cat. Col. Sn., 189. Coluber cloelia Daud., 1803, Rept., VI, 330, pl. 78. Natric cloelia Merr., 1820, Amph., 98. Cloelia daudinit Fitz., 1826, Neue Class., 55, No. 2. Cloelia occipitalis Wagler, 1830, Amph., 187. Lycodon eloelia Schl., 1837, Ess. Phys., I, 148, Il, 114. Deiropeda cloelia Fitz., 1843, Syst., 25. Brachyryton cloelia D. & B., 1854, Erp. Gen., VII, 1007. Central America; Mexico (?). OXYRHOPUS: DOLTAMUS =), «cits s\ #1 s, a) auienic) vallich ce) aie Chilopoma rufipunctatum (Cope) Yarrow, 1875, Wheeler's Sury., V, 543, pl. XX, f, 1; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 40. Southern Arizona, SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. 137 re) PHIDI A—Continued. (EuraEnta.) 9 oo TroprponoTus sAuRITA (Ribbon Snake)... +--+ -+++e-sesse' Schleg., 1837, Essai, I, 169, Il, 327; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 585; Mart., 1856, Mus. Berl., 25; Gthr., 1898, Cat., 72; Jan, 1863, Sist., 69, — 1865, Arch. Zodl., 212, — 1868, Icon., livr. 26, pl. 2, f 1; Allen, 1868, Pr. B. N. H. Soc., 180. Coluber saurita Linn., 1766, Syst., T, 385; Gmel., 1788, Syst. Linn., I, 1109; Harl., 1827, Jour. Phil. Ac., V, 352, — 1835, Med. Res., 115; Shaw, 1802, Zool., II, 532; Fitz., 1826, Neue Class., 59; Daud., 1803, Rept., VII, 81; Bonnat., 1789, Ophiol., 58; Storer, 1839, Mass. Rept., 229; Thomps., 1842, Hist. Vermont, 115. Leptophis sauritus Holbr., 1842, Herp., TV, 21, pl. 4; DeK., 1842, N. Y. Fauna, Rept., 47, pl. 11, f. 24. Butaenia saurita B. & G., 1853, Serp., 24; Bd., 1854, Serp. N. Y., 14, — 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 26, £19; Yarrow, 1879, Wheeler’s Rep., V, pp. 545, 546. Ribbon Snake Catesby, 1743, Carol., IT, 50. Mississippi Valley to the Atlantic. Var. SACKENIIT - - + + = + oval Suite O=e 0 : Butaenia suckenti Kenn., 1859, Pr. Phil. Ac., 98; Yarr., 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, pp. 545, 547; Cope, 1877, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 64. Slender. Back olive black, to edge of abdomen. Lateral stripe greenish yellow, on third and fourth rows. No dorsal stripe. Belly greenish. Florida. Wiis nviniintnp oaome @ O ono Go Ono Coopo < Sut a Eutaenia faireyi B. & G., 1853, Serp., 25; Bd., P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 26, f. 20; Yarr., 1875, Wheeler's Rep., V, pp. 545, 547; Cope, 1880, Bull. 20, U. S. Mus., 23. Tropidonotus saurita var. faireyi Jan, 1863, Sist., 71; Cooper, 1860, P. R. R. Rep., XII (2), 299, pl. 13, 14. Stouter than 7. saurita. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 168 to 178. Subeaudals 112—115. Back to edge of abdomen blackish brown. With three longitudinal stripes, outer on third and fourth rows. Minnesota and Wisconsin Southward. Var. PROXIMUS - Seattle Rete cae Amey ee Coluber proximus Say, 1823, Long's Exp., T, 187. Tropidonotus sauritus var. provimus Jan, 1853, Sist., 70. Eutaenia provima B. & G., 1853, Serp., 25, — 1854, Marcy’s Exp., 191, pl. 2; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 26, f. 21; Yarr., 1875, Wheeler's Rep., V, pp. 545, 547; Cope, 1880, Bull. 20, U. 8S. Mus., 20; Sumichrast, 1881, Bull. Soe. Zodl. de France, 182; Coues & Yarrow, 1878, Hayd. Rep., IV, 280. 2. macrostemma Kenn., 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 331; Cope, 1866, Pr. Phil. Ae., 807; Yarr., 1875, Wheeler's Rep., V, 548. EF. megalops Kenn., 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 330; Yarr., 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, pp- 545, 547. E, flavilabris Cope, 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 306; Yarr., 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 547. Arkansas and Texas to Mexico. 138 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. OPHIDI A—Continued. TROPIDONOTUS stRTALIS (Garter Snake)... 2... ses. ess = Coluber sirtalis Linn., 1758, Syst., I, 222, — 1766, Syst., I, 388; Gmel., 1788, Syst. Linn., I, 1107; Shaw, 1802, Zool., III, 535; Merr., 1820, Syst., 132; Harl., 1827, Jour. Phil. Ac., 352; Storer, 1839, Mass. Rept., 221. Hutaenia sirtalis B. & G., 1853, Serp., 80; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 26, f. 23; Yarr., 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 550; Cope, 1877, Pr. Am. Phil. Soe., 64. Tropidonotus sirtalis Holbr., 1842; Herp., IV, 41, pl. 11; Jan, 1863, Sist., 69, — 1865, Arch. Zodl., 210. TT. ordinatus var. B., Gthr., 1858, Cat., 74. TT. bipunctatus Schleg., 1837, Essai, I, 168, II, 320; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 582. T. kennicotti Jan, 1863, Sist., 70, — 1865, Arch. Zo6l., 216. T. sirtalis var. dorsalis Jan, 1863, Sist., 69. Hutaenia dorsalis B. & G., 1853, Serp., 31’; Bd., 1859; 4B: Ra IR. Rep. ss) pl 26; 2 Warr, Si. Wheeler’s Rep., V, 550. £. sirtalis subsp. dorsalis Yarr., 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 554. £. sirtalis var. obscura Cope, 1880, Bull. 20, U.S. Mus., 23. Tropidonotus sirtalis var. dorsalis Jan, 1867, Icon., livr. 25, pl. 4, f. 1. . cyrtopsis subsp. ocellata Cope, 1880, Bull. 20, U.S. Mus., 22. New England to the Mississippi Valley. VES OMIRIGU oo OO CODCOD OOD OOO Oooo ooo a Coluber ordinatus Linn., 1766, Syst., I, 379; Gmel., 1788, Syst. Linn., I, 1097; Harl., 1827, Jour. Phil. Ac., V, 349. Tropidonotus ordinatus, Holbr., 1842, Herp., IV, 45, pl. 12; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 73. Hutaenia ordinata B. & G., 1853, Serp., 32; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 26, f. 24; Yarr., 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 551. Spotted Ribbon Snake Catesby, 1748, Carol, I, pl. 51 and 53. Coast Region, Nova Scotia to Georgia; Alabama, MElaa te doo o oO OO OO OOO Go OD OO GOA Coo OD oo : Tropidonotus sirtalis var. radix Jan, 1863, Sist., 69, — 1865, Arch. Zodl., 211. Hutaenia radix B. & G., 1853, Serp., 34; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 26, f. 25, pl. 34, f. 5; Cooper, 1860, P. R. R. Rep., XT, (2), 299; Yarrow, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 548; Coues & Yarrow, - 1878, Hayden’s Rep., IV, 277. E. radix twiningit Coues & Yarrow, 1878, Hayd. Rep., IV, 279. Thamnophis haydeni Cope, 1862, Hayd., Trans. Am. Assoe., XII, 177. Eutaenia haydeni Kenn., 1860, Coop. P. R. R. Rep., XII (2), 298, pl. 14; Jan, 1865, Arch. Zo6l., 212. Scales in 19 rows, outer broad. Black, with three narrow yellow lines, or dark brown, with the lines and with series of irregular spots on the flanks. Lateral yellow lines on the third rows. Ven- trals 153. Subcaudals 51 pairs. Northern part of Mississippi basin, Michigan to Rocky Mountains, Waar: MARCUANA (ite, 2) onde cca: tet cies MOISES RL Seinen 5 enn Sa S Butaenia marciana B. & G., 1858, Serp., pp. 36, 156, — 1854, Marcy’s Exp., 192, pl. 3; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 26, f. 26; Yarrow, 1875, Wheeler's Rep., V, pp. 549, 555; Cope, 1880, Bull. 20, U.S. Mus., 22; Sumichrast, 1881, Bull. Soc. Zodl. Fr., 182. Tropidonotus marci- ana Jan, 1863, Sist., 70, — 1865, Arch. Zoél., 215. (?) T. sirtalis Pe- ters, 1869, Mb. Brl. Akad., 877. Kansas to Texas and Mexico, to ov SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. 139 re) PHIDI A—Continued. Wan eeARIETATISWE Nalkame esl ls tes) e) we vel 0) Lee 5.000 DO. Secu, ono Coluber parietalis Say, 1823, Long’s Exp., 1, 186. Tropidonotus parietalis Hall., 1856, Pr. Phil. Ac., 248. Tropidonotus sirtalis var. parietalis Jan, 1863, Sist., 69. utaenia sirtalis parietalis Coues & Yarrow, 1878, Hayd. Rep., IV, 276. Mutaenia parietalis B. & G., 1858, Serp., 28. E. ornata Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 26, f. 22; Cope, 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 305, 306, — 1875, Checklist, 41; Yarr., 1875, Wheel. Rep., V, 550, 553. Missouri basin and westward to Utah. Wii, WERE o pe Oo @ BO @ 0 oo ced dPo 0 d deo. 6 Glo Oa o1m co Eutaenia vagrans B. & G., 1853, Serp., 35; Grd., 1858, Expl. Exp. Herp., 154, pl. XIV, f. 5-10; Cooper, 1860, P. R. R. Rep., XIJ (2), 297; Cope, 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., pp. 305, 307, vars.; Yarrow, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 548; Coues & Yarrow, 1878, Hayd. Rep., IV, 274; Coues, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 614; Baird, 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, Rept., 19, pl. 17. Eutaenia vagrans vagrans Yarrow, 1875, Wheel. Rep., V, 551. EF. angustirostris Kenn., 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 332; Yar- row, 1875, Wheel. Rep., V, 548. 22. vagrans subsp. angustirostris, Yarr., 1875, Wheel. Rep., V, 554. Tropidonotus vagrans Jan, 1863, Sist., 70, — 1865, Arch. ZodlL., 215. Hutaenia couchii (Kenn.) Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, Rept., 10; Yarr., 1875, Wheel. Rep., V, 549. Seales in 21 rows. Back brownish, with light vertebral line; belly slate color. Two series of small black spots, 95 to 105, on each side. Ventrals 161 to 179. Subeaudals 70 to 90. Rocky Mountains to the Sierras; Sonora. bo oO \Wane COMMMIEN O00 aba cbt 66 0 Oo 5 6 080 0 a O00 0 OG oom Tropidonotus collaris Jan, 1863, Sist., 69, — 1867, Ieon., livr. 25, pl. 5, 2. Southern Mexico; Panama. Var ene TOCRE EA TUS Melcni-Micinel cn ciel Pelomicirs) i lilies) left estrealen (olkell (c Tropidonotus sirtalis var. leptocephala Jan, 1863, Sist., 69, — 1867, Icon., livr. 25, pl. 4, f. 2. Eutaenia leptocephala B. & G., 1853, Serp., 29; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 36, f. 2; Girard, 1858, Expl. Exp., Herp., 151, pl. XII, f. 7-13; Coop., 1860, P. R. R. Rep., XII (2), 297; Jan, 1865, Arch. Zo6l., 211; Yarr., 1875, Wheel. Rep., V, 550. Scales in 19 to 17 rows, outer smooth. Orbitals 2—3. Light olive brown, with two series (about 130) of small black spots on each flank. Lateral stripes obsolete. Scales black at base. Ventrals 140 to 150. Subcaudals 57 to 66. Oregon W/Oin}, TRANS AE cS. bg sot 6 ogo aids 08nd utieO. Gao) Ono sGmo nome Coluber infernalis Blainy., 1834, Nouv. Ann. Mus., III, 59, pl. XX VI, f.3. Eutaenia infernalis B. & G., 1853, Serp., 26; Grd., 1858, Expl. Exp., Herp., 148, pl. XIV, f. 11-16; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, Rept., 10; Yarr., 1875, Wheel. Rep., V, 550. Tropidonotus saurita var. infernalis Jan, 1863, Sist., 70. Eutaenia pickeringii B. & G., 1858, Serp., 27; Grd., 1858, Expl. Exp., 150, pl. XIII, f. 14-20; Bd., 140 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. OPHIDI A—Continued. 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 36, f. 3; Coop., 1860, P. R. R. Rep., XTi (2), 296; Yarr., 1875, Wheel. Rep., V, 550; Coues & Yarr., 1875, Hayd. Rep., 1V, 281. Trop. sirtalis var. Jan, 1863, Sist, 69, — 1865, Arch, Zool., 211. Eutaenia cooperi Kenn., 1859, Pr. Phil. Ac.; Coop., 1860, P. R. R. Rep., XII (2), 296; Yarr., 1875, Wheel. Rep., V, 551. Trop. sirtalis var. cooperi Jan, 1863, Sist., 69, — 1865, Arch. Zodl., 212. Eutaenia elegans B. & G., 1853, Serp., 34; (Kenn.) Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, Rept., 10; Yarr., 1875, Wheel. Rep., V, 549. Trop. elegans Jan, 1863, Sist., 70, — 1865, Arch. ZoGl., 214. E. cyrtopsis Kenn., 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 333; Cope, 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 806; Yarr., 1875, Wheel. Rep., V, 550; Cope, 1880, Bull. 20, U. S. Mus., 28. Thamnophis cyr- lopsis var. eyclides Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 299. E. ordinoides B. & G., 1853, Serp., 33; Grd., 1858, Expl. Exp., Herp., 153, pl. 14, f. 1-4; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 26, f. 3.; Yarr., 1875, Wheel. Rep. V, 548. Tropidonotus ordinoides B. & G., 1852, Pr. Phil. Ac., 176. T. sirtalis var. ordinoides Jan, 1863, Sist., 69, — 1865, Arch. Zodl., 211. Trop. concinnus Hall., 1852, Pr. Phil. Ac., 182. ut. concinna B. & G., 1853, Serp., 146; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, Rept., 10; Coop., 1860, P. R. R. Rep., XII (2), 298; Yarr., 1875, Wheel. Rep., V, 549. E. ham- mondi Kenn., 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 332; Yarr., 1875; Wheel. Rep., V, 549. Trop. hammondi Jan, 1863, Sist., 70, — 1865, Arch. Zo6l., 215. Eutaenia atrata (Kenn.) Coop., 1860, P. R. R. Rep., XII (2), 296; Yarr., 1875, Wheel. Rep., V, 551. Trop. sauritus var. Jan, 1863, Sist., 70, — 1865, Arch. Zoél. But. swmichrasti Cope, 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 306; Yarr., 1875, Wheel. Rep., V, 547. Thamnophis scalaris Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 369. Eutaenia scalaris Cope, 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 306; Yarr., 1875, Wheel. Rep., V, 549. Eutaenia phenax Cope, 1868, Pr. Ac. Phil., 154; Yarr., 1875, Wheel. Rep., V, 549. (?) Trop. scaliger Jan, 1863, Sist., 70. (?) Trop. glaphyros Jan, 1863, Sist., 70. T. ruficeps Peters, 1869, Mb. Brl. Akad., 877. California to Mexico. War QUADRISERTATIS-EsMicnicyne erence) Sc ae aoe a eae ; Labials 8. Infralabials 10. Orbitals 1—8. Seales in 19 rows, keeled. Ventrals 149. Anal bifid. Subcaudals 79 pairs. Oliva- ceous, with four rows of small black spots. Mazatlan, Mexico. (Neropra.) TROPIDONOTUS SIPEDON (Water Snake) .> . . .-. « «= =». «= ewe Coluber sipedon Linn., 1758, Syst., I, 219, — 1766, Syst., I, 379; Gmel., 1788, Syst. Nat. Linn., I, 1098; Shaw, 1802, Zool., III, 496; Merr., j 1820, Syst., 124; Harl., 1827, Jour. Phil. Ac., 351, — 1835, Med. Res., 114; Storer, 1839, Rept. Mass., 228; Thompson, 1842, Hist. Vermont, 118. Tropidonotus sipedon Volbr., 1842, Herp., IV, 29, pl. VI; Dum. Bibr., 1854, Erp., VII, 568. Nerodia sipedon B. & G., 1853, Serp., 38 Baird, 1854, N. Y. Serp., 16, — 1859, P. R. R. Rop., 3, pl. 27, £.2% SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY, 141 OPHIDTI A~—Continued. Tropidonotus fasciatus var. Jan, 1863, Sist., 71; Trop. (Nerodia) sipe- don Jan, 1865, Arch. ZoGl., 222. Coluber fasciatus Linn., 1766, Syst. I, 378; Gmel., 1788, Syst. Nat. Linn., I, 1094; Holbr., 1838, Herp., I, 93, pl. 20. Nerodia fasciata B. & G., 1853, Serp., 89; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 34, f. 4. Tropidonotus fasciatus Belen 1837, Essai, I, 169, I, 323, pl. 12, f. 16, 17; Holbr, 1842, Herp., IV, 25, ple aD: & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 566 ; Gthr, 1858, Cat., 76; Jan, 1863, Sist., 71, — 1868, Icon., livr. 26, pl. 3, f. 2; Cope, 1877, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 64, — 1880, Bull. 20, U. S. Mus, 22; Mart., 1856, Mus. Berl., 24. Trop. niger Holbr., 1842, ake IV, p. 37, pl. 9; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 572. Nerodia niger B. & G., 1853, Serp., 147; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 27, f. 31. Coluber porcatus Harl., 1827, Jour. Phil. Ac., 356. Nerodia couchii Kenn., 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 335. Tropidonotus couchii Cope, 1860, Pr. Ac. Phil., 342. Nerodia agassizti B. & G., 1858, Serp., 41. Tropidonotus obliquus Hall., 1856, Pr. Phil. Ac., 248. Tropido- notus rhombifer Jan, 1863, Sist., 71, — 1868, Icon., livr. 26, pl. 4, f. 2. Coluber pacilogaster Max., 1839, Reise Nord. Amer., 106. Tropidonotus sipedon woodhousei Cope, 1880, Bull. 20, U. S. Mus., 22. Mississippi Valley to Maine. Warten VOMROGASTERA st ct lel cele: ele) feer @ cevs. oo ‘ Gi Gulimoneneys Coluber erythrogaster Holbr., 1838, Herp., I, 91, ar 19. sh Tropes erythrogaster Holbr., 1842, Herp., IV, 38, pl. VIL; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VU, 570. Nerodia erythrogaster B. & G., 1853, S.rp., 40; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 27, f. 28. Copper-belly Snake, Cateshy, 1748, Carol., II, p. 46, pl. 46. Southeastern States. Var. RHOMBIFER.... . Dade cycxl> (olinito ot 5 osol eon oMoucies 26 Nerodia rhombifer B. &G. , 1853, Serp., 147, 42 . Ba, 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 34, f. 2. Tropidonotus rhombifer 185 2, Pr. Phil. Ac., 177; Cope, 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac., 298, — 1880, Bull. 20, U. S. Mus., 22. Nerodia woodhousei B. & G., 1853, Serp., 42; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 34, f.. 3. Tropidonotus woodhousei Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 342; Jan, 1863, Sist., 71, — 1868, Icon., livr. 26, pl. 4, f. 1. Nerodia holbrookii B. & G., 1853, Serp., 43; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep:, 5) pls 27,4. 80: Tropidonotus transversus Hall., 1852, Pr. Phil. Ac., 177. Nerodia trans- versa B. & G., 1853, Serp., 148; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 26, fate Mississippi Valley to Wisconsin. eal TAXISPILOTUS. . . MOM a ater eae ceenteceh (a) ches adios re 26 Jan, 1863, Sist., 7. - — hes Te on., ve r. 26, ae 5, fs ie Nerodia taxispilota B. & G., 1853, Serp., 43; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, ib BiH oy OE) Tropidonotus pogonias D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 574; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 248. Trop. fasciatus var. pog. Jan, 1863, Sist., 71, — Icon., 1868, liyr, 26, pl. 3, £. 1, Southeastern States, 142 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY, OPHIDIA—Continued. TT ROPIDONOTUS; GXCEOPION) ~/', obtilo oa 086 OS noo dn os Calopisma septemvittatuin Fischer, 1879, Verh. Nat. Vereins, Hamb., 84. Internasals fused. Nasal entire, grooved. Loreal present. Labials 8. Infralabials 9. Temporals 142+3. Scales in 19 rows, smooth. Ventrals 122 to 130. Anal bifid. Subeaudals 63 to 81 pairs (in de- scription 53 to 73). Back chocolate browa, with four longitudinal black bands. Belly yellowish white, with three longitudinal black bands. Mexico. (GOIT IR RONVNID: 6 Go 6 boo oO oe OftoeD! 0, Onc) 00" 0 Gon 0: CuGe cc sOnG Colubridae Gthr., 1858, Cat., 84. SATVADORAT) «1 <) cl tele cell CURSE TEsta ras ctx sion en cclmer Ca) (ef ete) setre Baird and Girard, 1853, Serp., 104. Phimothyra Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 253 and 566, SAMA DOR AG GRATDARIE inal Velie) biel is) 9) si! 0 Sipe: ole 0h 0) =) 6 6) =| Shi) B. & G., 1853, Serp., pp. 104, 161; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 32, f. 78, — Mex. Bound. Surv., IT, 21, pl. 5, f. 2; Jan, 1861, Tcon., livr. 1, pl. 3, £. 1, — 1863, Sist., 58. Phimothyra grahamii Cope, 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac., 300, — 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 310, — 1875, Checklist, 38; Yarr., 1875, Wheel. Rep., V, 538; Coues, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 620. California to Mexico and Utah to Texas. Whit THOS. Ge So. Opole O10 GeO) b' on ION) ClO OMOmS, uCiaCieCeaits Salvadora bairdii Jan, 1861, Icon., livr. 1, rs 3, f. 2, — 1863, Sist., 58. Phimothyra bairdii Cope, 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac., 300; Sumichrast, 1873, Arch. Sci., 245; Ptrs., 1869, Mb. Brl. Akad., 876. Oculars 2—2 to 3. Loreals2. Jabials 8, sixth largest. Infra- labials 10. Temporals 24+2+3. Rostra less produced backward, less prominent, and less free on the margins than that of S. grahamit. Mexico. air enAOATISBIS es Vette, cifti cel fefccrieite) st to) el Se eo eo 6) (0) 8. 8 eh ve Phimothyra hecalepis Cope, 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 305. Phimothyra gra- hamiae subsp. hexalepis Cope, 1875, Checklist, 38. Phimothyra gra- hamiae hexulepis Coues, 1875, Wheeler's Rep., V, 620. Arizona. GATWADORA DECURTATA «ss 2 6 9 2 fs 0 ee oe oe Phimothyra decurtata Cope, 1868, Pr. Phil. Ac., 10, — 1875, Checklist, 38. Lower California. Mem.—vor. 11—10, 36 37 38 38 39 39 146 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. OVIEMEL IDI A—Continued. (COS 5D Op oOo OO bo Ox SoD ODO sS ooo odo oo po HH!) Gthr., 1858, Cat. Serp., 119. Chlorosoma B. & G., 1853, Serp., 106. (CYCLOPHIS. ) C@YCrOPHIS VERNATIS (Green Snakke)= ce) on ents) o) elliott ell el -ttmennOO) Gthr., 1858, Cat., 119; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 38; Yarr., 1875, Wheel- er’s Rep., V, 539; Coues & Yarrow, 1878, Hayden’s Rep., IV, 285. Coluber vernalis (DeK.) Harlan, 1827, Jour. Phil. Ac., 361, — 1835, Med. Res., 124; Storer, 1889, Rept. Mass., 224; Holbr., 1842, Herp., ITI, 79, pl. 17; Thomps., 1842, Hist. Vermont Rept., 117; DeKay, 1842, N. Y. Fauna, III, 40, pl. 11, £. 22; Jones, 1865, Rept. Nova Scotia, 6. LTiopeltis vernalis Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 560; Jan, 1863, Sist., 82, — Icon., livr. 31, pl. 5, f£ 3; Hayd., 1862, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 177; Allen, 1869, Pr. Bost. Soe., 182. Chlorosoma vernalis B. & G., 1853, Serp., 100; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 32, f. 81; Verr., 1868, Pr. Bost. Soe., 195. Herpetodryas vernalis Hall., 1856, Pr. Phil. Ac., 243. East of the Rocky Mountains to Nova Scotia. (PHYLLOPHILOPHIS. ) CycLoruis Agstivus (Green Snake) ... . Seis 6 eee 40 Gthr., 1858, Cat., 119; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 38, — 1880, Bull. 20, U. 8. Mus., 23, — 1877, Pr. Phil. Am. Soce., 64. Coluber aestivus Linn., 1766, Syst., I, 387; Gmel., 1788, Syst. Linn., I, _ 1114; Harl., 1827, Jour. Phil. Ac., 357, — 1835, Med. Res., 121. Lep- tophis aestivus Bell, 1826, Zodl. Jour., I, 329; Holbr., 1842, Herp., TV, 17, pl. 3; B. & G., 1853, Serp., 106.; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 32, f. 79. Liopeltis aestivus Jan, 1863, Sist., 81, — 1869, Icon., livr. 31, ple eile Opheodrys aestivus Cope, 1860, Pr. Ac. Phil., 560. Herpetodryas aestivus Schleg., 1837, Essai, I, 151, Il, 186, pl. 6, f. 12, 13; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VU, 209; Mart., 1856, Mus. Berl., 26. Leptophis majalis B. & G., 1853, Serp., 107, 161, — 1854, Marey’s Exp., 203, pl. 9; Bd., P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 32, f. 80. The Green Snake Catesby, 1748, Carol., I, pl. 57; Bartram, 1791, Geor- gia, 16. Maryland to Mexico. COnGEER A -emneare O0d of 4 GNorD Oo Go ospmoPO OM ON 6 Oo Oe 40 Coryphodon D. & By 1854, Erp., VII, 178; Gthr., 1858, Cat. 107. (Bascanium.) CoLuBER constRiIcroR (Black Snake). ......-. PO eto oe ell Linn., 1758, Syst., I, 216, — 1766, Svst., I, 385; Gmel., 1788, Syst. Linn., I, 1109; Shaw, 1802, Zodl., IIT, 464; Latr., 1802, Rept., IV, 178; Merr., 1820, Syst., 108; Daud., 1803, Rept., VI, 402; Harl., 1827, Jour. Phil. Ac., 348, — 1835, Med. Res., 112; Schleg., 1837, Essai, I, 144, IT, 133, pl. 5, f. 3 and 4; Stor., 1839, Rept. Mass., 225; Holbr., 1842, Herp., III, 55, pl. 11; Thomps., 1842, Vermont, 117; DeK., 1842, N. Y. Rept., 85, pl. 10, f. 20; Mart., 1856, Mus. Berl., 24; Jones, 1865, Rept. Nova Scotia, 4, SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY., 147 OPHIDI A—Continued. Bascanion constrictor B. & G., 1853, Serp., 93; Baird, 1854, Serp. N. Y., 92, Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 31, f. 67; Allen, 1869, Pr. Bost, Soc., 180; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 40, — 1877, Pr. Am. Phil. Soe., 64, Coryphodon constrictor D. & B., 1854, Erp., VI, 188; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 108; Jan, 1863, Sist., 64, — 1867, Icon,, livr. 22, pl. 4, f. 3, — 1876, Tcon., livr. 48, pl. 6, f. 1. Bascanion Foxii B. & G., 1853, Serp., 96; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 31, f. 69. Hierophis constrictor Bonap., 1841, It. Fauna, IL. The Black Snake Catesby, 1748, Carol., II, 48, pl. 48; Kalm., 1764, Reise Amer., II, 202; Penn., 1792, Arct. Zodl., IJ, Supp., 92. Texas to Noya Scotia. War. FLAVIVENTRIS (Blue Racer). 2... . 6 © es ess eee sw oe Coluber flaviventris Say, 1823, Long’s Exp., I, 185. Bascanium flaviventre B. & G., 1853, Serp., 96; Bd., 1859, Mex. Bound., TI, Rept., 20, — P. R. R. Rept., X, pl. 31, f. 70; Hayd., 1862, Trans. Phil. Soe., 177; Allen, 1874, Pr. Bost. Soc., 69; Yarr., 1875, Wheel. Rep., V, 511, 515, and 541; Coues & Yarrow, 1878, Hayd. Rep., IV, 284. Coryphodon flaviventris Hall., 1856, Pr. Phil. Ac., 241. C. constrictor var. flaviventris Jan, 1863, Sist., 64, — 1867, Icon., livr. 22, pl. 3, f. 1-2, — 1876, Icon., livr. 48, pl. 6, f. 2. Bascanion vetustus B. & G., 1853, Serp., 97; Girard, 1858, Expl. Exp., Rept., 127; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 36, f. 6; Cooper, 1860, P. R. R. Rep., XII (2), 301. Bascanium constrictor subsp. vetustum Yarrow, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 541; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 40. Coryphodon constrictor var. vetustum Jan, 1863, Sist., 64, — Icon., livr. 22, pl. 4, f. 1-2. (?) Bascanion Fre- montii B. & G., 1858, Serp., 95; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 31, f. 68. Mississippi basin westward to the Pacific. Wire Roomy Lam) oO oO Golo oo o ONG Cig aioe 6:5 o60,0 Gu0lol0 © Coryphodon mentovarius D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 187; Jan, 1863, Sist., 64. Bascanium mentovarium Cope, 1879, Pr. Am. Phil. Soe., 271. Mexico; Tehuantepec. (Masvicopnis.) CoLuBer FLAGELLIFORMIS (“Coach-whip Snake”)... +--+. +++. Anguis flagelliformis, The Coach-whip Snake, Catesby, 1743, Carol., IT, 54. Coluber flagellum Shaw, 1802, Zo6l., 111,475. Coluber flagelliformis Holbr., 1836, Herp., I, 107, pl. 19. Psammophis flagelliformis Wolbr., 1842, Herp., IV, 11, pl. 2. Masticophis flagelliformis B. & G., 1853, Serp.,.98; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 31, f. 71, pl. 32, f. 72; Jan, 1863, Sist., 65, — Icon., livr. 20, pl. 6, f.1. Herpetodryas flagelliformis D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 210; Mart., 1856, Mus. Berl., 26; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 118. Drymobius flagelliformis Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 561. Bascaniwm flagelliforme Cope, 1877, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 64. Bascanium flagelliforme subsp. flagelliforme Cope, 1875, Checklist, 40. Herpetodryas psammophis Schleg., 1837, Essai, I, 152, IT, 195. Coach-whip Snake Bartram, 1791, Travels, 219. Southern States westward to Louisiana, 42 42 148 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. OPHIDI A—Continued. AV ATs TESTACEUB(,ucu sure No) econ PreLcr oo ds | oe Masticophis spinalis Peters, 1866, MB. Berl. Akad., 91. | COLUBER TAENIATUS.......-.+.. a 68-65 wort ot 3 POeEN Oe ks) | Leptophis taeniata Wall., 1852, Pr. Phil. ene 181, — 1858, Sitgreave’s Exp., 133, 146. Masticophis taeniatus B. & G., 1853, Serp., 103; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, 20, pl. 23, pl. 32, f. 76; Cooper, 1860, P. R. R. Rep., XII, 302; Jan, 1863, Sist., 64, — 1867, Icon., livr. 22, pl. 5; Cope, 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 805. Drymobius taeniatus Cope, 1860, er Phil. Ac., 561. Bascanium taeniatum subsp. taeniatum Cope, 1875, Checklist, 40. Bascanium taeniatum Coues, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 616. Leptophis lateralis Wall., 1853, Pr. Phil. Ac., 237, — 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, Rept., 18, pl. 4, £. 3. Masticophis schottit B. & G., 1853, ' Serp., 160; Bd., 1859, Mex. Bound., II, 20, — P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 32, f. 77. Buscanium taeniatum subsp. laterale Cope, 1875, Checklist, 40; Yarr., 1875, Wheel. Rep., V, 548. Bascanium laterale Yarr., 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 512. Bascaniwm taeniatum var. ornatum Coues, ~ 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 617; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 40. Masticophis ornatus B. & G., 1853, Serp., 102, 159; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 32, £. 75. Bascanium flagelliforme subsp. piceum Cope, 1875, Check- list;*Coues, 1875, Wheeler's Rep., V, 617. Bascanium taeniatum subsp. piceum Cope, 1880, Bull. 20, U. 8. Mus., 24. Irom the Plains to the Pacific. SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. 149 OPHID T A—Continued. Var. BIMINEATUS - - .- = Ae cm Of Op O SRO CDOs OREO Masticophis bilineatus Jan, 1863, Sist., 40, — 1867, Icon., livr. 22, pl. 6, fils Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Oculars 2—2, 2—2, lower anteocular very small. Temporals 24-2-+2. Labials 8, fourth and fifth in orbit, or ? ? 9, fifth and sixth touching the eye, seventh largest. toll. Back Tnfralabials 10 black, with two narrow lines of light color along each flank. Orbitals, loreal, and nasals each with white spot. Labials and ventral surface light. Mexico, SpILOTES -. «+ ++ = Wagler, 1830, Amph., 179; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 96. Georgia Be SG, 1853, Serp., 92. (GEORGIA.) SprLores COUPERI. + + rn ees tece er hisses oreo. Ao Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 342, 564, — 1875, Checklist, 39. Coluber coupert Holbr., 1842, Herp., Ill, 75, pl. 16. Georgia couperi B. & G,, 1853, Serp., 92; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 31, £. 66. Gulf States. er bei AC 505 hae: PAO gee Coluber obsoletus Holbr., 1842, Herp., TIT, 61, pl. 12. Georgia obsoleta B. & G., Serp., 158; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 31, f. 66. Spilotes erebennus Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 342, 564, — 1864, Pr. Phil. Ac., 167, — 1875, Checklist, 39; Sumichr., 1873, Arch. Sei., 246. Spilotes corais erebennus Cope, 1877, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 64. SPILOTES OBSOLETUS.- - oc uu oF Cer Florida to Texas. (Sprnores. ) SpILOTES CORAIS-- +» ee see e225 ee 2 8 8 & ot Sealaisige: cows) Co. 248 Coluber corais (Cuv.) Boie, 1827, Isis, 537; Schleg., 1837, Essai, I, 189, pl. 5, £. 9-11, 1844 (?), Abbild., pl. 28, f. 9-11 (skull). Spilotes corais D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 222; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 98; Jan, 2244 1863, Sist., 62, — 1876, Icon., livr. 48, pl. 4, f. 6, pl. 5, f. 1. Brazil to Mexico. nies Dn eres Sc Mvasizes ce Ate 9 x!) 220; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 99; Sumichr., 1873, Arch. Sci., 245. Coluber variabilis Max., 1825, Beitr., 271, — SpPILOTES VARIABILIS- Dum. Bibr., 1854 Erp., VI, . ond 1830, Abbild., Lief. 14, pl. 2, 1. 3-6; Boie, 1827, Isis, 537. Coluber pullatus Linn., 1754, Mus. Ad. Fridr., pl. 20, f. 3. Cerastes mexicanus & C. coronatus Laur., 1768, Synops., 83. Coluber mexicanus Gmel., 1788, Syst. Nat. Linn., T, 1088: Coluber plutonius Daud., 1803, Rept., 324; Merr., 1790, Beitr. (2), pl. 12. Coluber caninana Merr., 1820, Syst., 121. Spilotes pullatus Wagl., 1830, Amph., 179; Schleg., 1837, Essai, 149, pl. 6, f. 1, 2; Fitz., 1843, Syst., 26; Cope, 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac., 300. Seba, 1735, Thesaur., II, pl. 20, f, 1, pl. 105, f. 4; Scheuch., 1736, Bibl. Sacr., pl. 662, £. 11, pl. 747, f. 3. Mexico to Brazil. 150 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. ‘ OPHIDI A—Continued. Var: AURIRUNDUS).- = = 2. SOOO mo Odo Gao song oe 5 IN Spilotes pullatus subsp. auribundus Cope, 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac., 300. Spi- lotes auribundus (S. salvinii Gthr.) Cope, 1864, Pr. Phil. Ac., 167; Sumichr., 1873, Arch. Sei., 245. Mexico. SPILOTES MELANURUS © © . sss © 00 0 «es Oe ONC. 1 Do 2!) Dum. Bibr., 1854, Erp., VI, 224; Jan, 1863, Sist., 63, — 1876, Icon., livr. 48, pl. 5, 1.2. S. corais var. melanurus Gthr., 1858, Cat., 99. Mexico. SPIEOTES POECILONODUS lien cee) site! eel bolted oats Tei o ite itt x Guenther, 1858, Cat., 100; Sumichr., 1873, Arch. Sci., 245. Mexico. LBUEIV aa oOo OM oO OM Soop na om oS oo Goo ol % Holbrook, 1842, Herp., IV, 7; Harl., 1852, Pr. Phil. Ac., 181; B. & G., 1853, Serp., 64; D. & B,, 1854, Erp., VI, 232; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 85. PITYOPHIS| MELANOLEUCUS (‘Bull Snake) 3) = 3 3) = = ces os ee Holbr., 1842, Herp., IV, 7, pl. 1; B. & G., 1853, Serp., 65; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 233; Mart., 1856, Mus. Berl., 26; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 86; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 29, f. 44; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 39, — 1877, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 64. Coluber melanoleucus Daud., 1803, Rept., VI, 409; Harl., 1827, Jour. Phil. Ac., 359, — 1835, Med. Res., 122. Pine Snake or Bull Snake Bartram, 1791, Travels, 276. East of the Mississippi, south of Ohio and Pennsylvania. PYTYOPHIS CATENIFER. .. 2 2 2s = ~ SMOMCSOGCECNONO Genvad.co Coluber catenifer Blainyille, 1835, Nouv. Ann. Mus., IV, 290, pl. 26, f. 2. Pityophis catenifer B. & G., 1853, Serp., 69; Grd., 1858, Expl. Exp., Rept., 135; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 36, £4; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 87; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 39; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, William- son’s Route, 11. P. annectens B. & G., 1853, Serp., 72; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 29, f. 48; P. wilkesii B. & G., 1853, Serp., 71; Grd., 1858, Wilkes’ Exp., Rept., 187, pl. 9, #. 1—7; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 29, f£. 47. P. melanoleucus var. catenifer Jan, 1863, Sist., 59, — 1867, Icon., livr. 22, pl. 1, f.1. P. heermanni Hall., 1853, Pr. Phil. Ac., 236. Coluber vertebralis Blainy., 1835, Ann. Mus., IV, 293, pl. 27, f. 2; B. & G., 1853, Serp., 152. Pityophis vertebralis D. & B., 1854, Erp. VII, 238; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 86; Cope, 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac., 300, — 1875, Checklist, 39; Hall., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, 14. P. haematois Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 342. P. melanoleucus var. ver- tebralis Jan, 1863, Sist., 59, — 1867, Icon., livr. 22, pl. 1, f. 3. Oregon to Mexico. ae osm A DEO Dee CeO OO God oo SO oo Ke Coluber sayi Schleg., 1887, Essai, II, 157; B. & G., 1858, Serp., 151. C, melanoleucus var. Harl., 1827, Jour, Phil. Ac., 860, — 1835, Med. Res., 123. Pityophis melanoleucus Max., 1865, Reise N. Amer., 95. P. sayt B. & G., 1853, Serp., 152; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 29, f. 45; SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. 151 OPHIDI A—Continued. Coop., 1860, P. R. R. Rep., XII (2), 300; Hayden, 1862, Trans. Phil. Soc., 177. P. sayi subsp. sayi Cope, 1875, Checklist, 39. P. MeCtel- lanii B. & G., 1858, Serp., 68, — 1854, Marcy’s Exp., 196, pl. 5; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 29, f. 47. Rocky Mountains to Illinois. oO bo War MOO SIGAINUS sett ciel “ofa (nye) ef ley i) ts) det (ee 6 tadtbla oo m0 Pityophis mexicanus D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 256; Jan, 1863, Sist., 59, — 1867, Icon., livr. 22, pl. 2, f. 1. a) Oto onan spestieiefien i= (ie : ° Scotophis vulpinus B. & G., 1853, Serp., 75; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. ae DE pl. 29, f.51; (Kenn.) Coop., 1860, P. R. R. Rep., XII (2), 99. Coluber vulpinus Cope, 1875, Checklist, 39. Massachusetts to Nebraska. ELApuis quaprivirratus (Chicken Snake). + + ++ - ootnoee Coluber quadrivittatus Holbr., 1842, Herp., IH, 89, ay 20; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 88; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 39, — 1877, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 64. Scotophis quadrivittatus B. & G., 1853, Serp., 80; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 30, £55. Elaphis quadr ivittatus D. & B., 1854, Erp., VI, 265; Jan, 1863, Sist., 62. Florida to Virginia. Dromicus....- Slo & Bub Ce UB WORDED SD SD RCs ERO UEC ean Bibron, 1843, Rept. Cuba, 8 Sagra, 221; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VIT, 646; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 126. MRAMIGUSTEAURMATUSIGN a en celicy eee bce sens) © cele) cee) che) ie Guenther, 1868, Ann. Mag., 419. “City of Mexico.” TD ROMLGHA RHI AINIAMUS Tap amreiunyiet (g Sah etilamcs (ol suede ge. =) ec 6) /e) och eer Js Cope, 1871, Pr. Phil. Ac., — 1875, Checklist, 38, — 1877, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 65. Florida to North Carolina. TROMICUS MARGARTTREMEUS) cl fey =) oienenisine «elie, *in= lei le 018) i=) (eis Guenther, 1858, Cat., 126. Terpetodryas margaritiferus Schleg., 1837, Essai, [, 151, II, 184, — Abbild., t. 44, Leptophis margaritiferus D. & B., 1853, Erp., VII, 539; Mart., 1856, Mus. Berl., 26. Thamnosophis margaritiferus Jan, 1863, Sist., 82, — 1868, Icon., livr. 31, pl. 6, f. 3. Zamenis tricolor Hall., 1855, Jour. Phil. Ac., 34, f. 3. Coluber hickan- ella Shaw, 1802, ZoOl., HI, 511. Mexico and Central America. TD HOMICUSEPUTNAMIM Mer cn citots) (fie) sirMiemels-In oy mcureiseh (ea ens: 8. [°° Jan, 1863, Sist., 67, — 1867, Icon., livr. 6, £.3. Tomodon nasutus Cope, 1864, Pr. Phil. Ac., 166. Southern Mexico, 3 56 56 57 58 or a 59 154 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. OPHIDI A—Continued. Coronellidae Gthr., 1858, Cat., 22. TAGE YACENISi aia! oie cap tente ie CLC ROR C NCC OMe OnG rab OS Wiegmann, 1834, Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop., 252; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 99 00. TACHYMENIS LINEATA . . . ss « « Pao oti. foc tee oes Tomodon lineatum D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 936, — Atlas, pl. 73 (named Eudromus lineatus); Jan, 1863, Sist., 57, — 1866, Icon., livr. 19, pl. 6, f. 3. Psammophis lineatus Gthr., 1858, Cat., 135. Mexico. WAG) occornp RoW ONHI oo 6 fo Aes asa5 O45 SC CEO Ord G00 Taeniophis imperialis B. & G., 1855, Gilliss’ Exp., II, 215 (name); Bd., 1859, Mex. Bound. Rept., 23, pl. 19, f. 1, — P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 33, f. 87. Coniophanes imperialis Cope, Pr. Phil. Ac., 74, — 1875, Check- list, 38. Texas and Mexico. TACHYMENIS LATERITIA . . . . . 2s pBooacaccucccodece Coniophanes lateritia Cope, 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac,, 524. “Guadalaxara, Mexico.” TACHYMENTIS (PROTEROPS 7.110) ici ieeialolel hich oieon ot cial eine maine coo Coniophanes proterops Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 249. Mexico, New Grenada. DACHYAENIS WISSIDENS =) a) lech colo icicnteileli soils ctl iin ciel atten tae Coronella fissidens Gthr., 1858, Cat., 36. Glaphyrophis lateralis Jan, 1863, Sist., 54, — 1866, Icon., livr. 18, pl. 5, feo: Mexico. DACHYALENISSBIPUNCTATA Jo so) i-ileitoltoieisitaiicl (ote le) lollt= eit icin aimee Coronella bipunctata Gthr., 1858, Cat., 36. Glaphyrophis pictus Jan, 1863, Sist., 54, — 1866, Icon., livr. 18, pl. 5, f. 4. Mexico. ‘LACH Y MENTS MELVANOCEPHATIA™ 1a) 0) lo) sure ofall ol) cayirel_ rele) call ee intein Sunes Peters, 1869, Berl. Akad. Monatsb., 876. Mexico. 843; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 47. ERYTHROLAMPRUS GUENTHERI . . ~~... « mip st tais) lofyieita) tel cut einen EL. venustissimus var. D. Gthr., 1858, Cat., 48. “Mexico (?)” (Ouran oF a of o cd oo po Sas 0qgnm mo ON Ho woe DOS 5 Baird & Girard, 1853, Serp., 82. OPHIBOLUS DOLIATUS - . .. = at eels) jee el asl codes te fete: est oenR ere sage Coluber doliatus Linn., 1766, Syst., I, 879; Gmel., 1788, Syst. Linn., I, 1096; Harl., 1827, Jour. Phil. Ac., 362, — 1835, Med. Res., 125. Cor- onella doliata Holb., 1842, Herp., IT, 105, pl. 24; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 621; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 41. C. coecinea Schleg., 1837, Essai, I, 135, II, 57, pl. 2, f£ 1. Ophibolus doliatus subsp. doliatus Cope, 1875, Checklist, 87 (part). Sphenophis coccinea Fitz., 1843, Syst., 25. Southeastern States. 59 60 60 - 61 61 62 62 63 63 63 64 64 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. 15: OPHIDI A—Continuea. RVicinemeeATSONDEUSe) fe le) nts! tele ete irc elec tme lias) SS ee Osceola elapsoidea Baird & Girard, 1853, Serp., 133; Mart., 1856, Mus. Berl., 24; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., < DL 33, f. 97; Cope, 1875, Check- list, 36, — 1877, Pr. Am. Phil. Soe.; 65. Calamaria elapsoidea Holbr., 1842, Herp., III, 119, pl. 2 Coronella coccinea Jan, 1863, Sist., 46, — 1866, Icon., livr. 17, pl. 1, f. 1. Cemophora coccinea Jan, 1865, Ieon., livr. 11, pl. 5, f. 1. Southern States east of the Mississippi. OPRTBOLUSLDRTANG GLUSMamepirimettmt-1cese ciel is) («) cewiciie, ot /<) ue) in ite La Triangle LaC., 1789, Serp., I, 331. Coluber tr eee Boie, 1827, Tsis, 537. Ablabes triangulum D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 315. Lampro- peltis triangula Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 256; Allen, 1869, Pr. Bost. Soc., 180. Coluber eximius Stor., 1839, Mass. Rep., 227; Holbr., 1842, Herp., III, 69, pl. 15; DeK., 1842, N. Y. Rept., 28, pl. 12, f. 25, Gthr., 1858, Cat., 91. Ophibolus eximius & clericus B. & G., 1858, Serp., 87 and 88; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 30, f. 61, 62, — 1854, Serp. N. Y., 21. 0. doliatus var. triangulus Cope, 1875, Check- list, 87. Coronella eximia Jan, 1863, Sist., 46, — 1866, Icon., livr. 17, joe de Gk Pseudelaps y Berth., 1843, Abh. Gott., I, 67, pl. 1, f. 11 and 12. Ablar bes triangulum var. clericus Hall, 1856, Pr. Phil. Ac., 246. Coluber eximius of Harlan, with 250 + 33 to 60 yentrals and subcaudals; is probably a species of Scotophis.) House Snake; Chicken Snake; Milk Snake; or Thunder Snake. East of the Mississippi to Canada. Wit CAMIDIEISHID 5 oO 6 Old O Gib ONG 5 dlovo Go 6 oul dno Coluber calligaster Harl., 1835, Med. Res., 122. Ablabes triangulum var. calligaster Hall., 1856, Pr. Ac. Phil., 244. Laimpropeltis calligaster Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 255. Ophibolus calligaster Cope, 1875, Checklist, 37. O. evansii Kenn., 1859, Pr. Phil. Ac., 99. (?) Coronella evansit Jan, 1863, Sist., 47, — 1866, Icon., livr. 17, pl. 2, f. 3. Northern portion of the Mississippi Valley. Wele, LERSEUMNUEL S OG OMG 0 G0, 0 Ou0 O40 HO 6 6 6 8 Dtoseo to 0 San Luis Potosi. WANE; DERM. 6%, oD). jo. Cty O4O80 Nom Onc nL MEO Oedep alto eo UNDG Ophibolus doliatus B. & G., 1853, Serp., 89; Bd., 1859, P.R. R. Rep., X, pl. 30, f. 63. Coronella doliata var. gentilis Jan, 1868, Sist., 46, — 1866, Icon., livr. 17, pl. 1, f. 2. Lampropeltis multistriata Kenn., 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 328. Coronella doliata Jan, 1863, Sist., 46, — 1865, Icon., livr. 14, pl. 4, f. 1. Nebraska and southward. WES. CONIA sc G Oech bad elo s0nO ta OnGmb Aonemon Cnc Se o500 Ophibolus gentilis B. & G., 1853, Serp., 90, — 1854, Marey’s ones, 229, pl. 8; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 30, f. 64. Lampropeltis doliata Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 256. Ophibolus doliatus subsp, doliatus Cope, 1875, Checklist, 37. Arkansas to Utah, 66 66 66 66 156 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. OPHI D I A—Continued. Vian. ZONATUS >) 5) 2, sven o: =)! aie) 0] a) Keol-ell oma =) noite life mee me Coluber (zacholus) zonatus Blainy., 1835, Nouy. Ann. Mus., IV, 293; B. & G., 1853, Serp., 153. Bellophis zonatus Lockington, 1876, Pr. Cal. Acad. California. Veg mmm a GO ons o OOO aA nooo dda oto dO Lampropeltis annulata Kenn., 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 329; Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 257. Ophibolus doliatus subsp. annulatus Cope, 1875, Check- list, 36; Yarrow, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 537. ? Lampropeltis poly- zona Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 258. ? Z. amaurus Cope, 1. ¢., 258. Bright red, 18 to 22 pairs of black rings from head to vent, each pair inclosing a spotless yellow ring, which encircles the body, widen- ing but little on the flanks. Belly between the yellow rings black. Top of head black, this color extending back upon the occipitals in an acute angle. A broad occipital yellow ring. (IKenn.) Mexico. Var. RHOMBOMACULATUS. - ... . Coronella rhombomaculata Holbr., 1842, Herp., III, 103, pl. 23; Jan, 1863, Sist., 47, — 1866, Icon., livr. 17, pl. I, f£. 1—2. Ophibolus rhombomac- ulatus B. & G., 1853, Serp., 86; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 30, f. 60; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 37. Lampropeltis rhombomaculatus Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 255. Top of head and back chestnut brown, with a vertebral series of rhomboid reddish-brown spots. Lower surface salmon-colored, more or less bright. Ventrals 211; subcaudals 45. (Holbr.) Southeastern United States. OpHisoLus GetuLus (Chain Snake)... ...+-.--.-.+...-. G00 Baird & Girard, 1853, Serp., 255; Bd., 1854, Serp. N. Y., 20, — 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 31, f. 65. Coluber getulus Linn., 1766, Syst., I, 382; Gmel., 1788, Syst. Linn., I, 1106; Harl., 1827, Jour. Phil. Ac., 358, — 1835, Med. Res., 122; Peale, 1829, Macl. Lyc., I, pl. V; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 249. Coronella getula Holbr., 1842, Herp., III, 95, pl. 21; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 616; Jan, 1863, Sist., 47, — 1865, Icon., livr. 14, pl. 5, f. 1. Lampropeltis getula Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 255. Ophibolus getulus subsp. getulus Cope, 1875, Checklist, 37, — 1880, Bull. 20, U. S. Mus., 23. Pseudoelaps getulus Fitz., 1826, Neue Class. Rept., 26. Chain Snake Catesby, 1748, Carol., II, 52. Chain Snake; King Snake; ‘hunder Snake. Southern States to Texas. TI ler Snak Southern States to Texas Var, sAyr (King Snake) ere seutevetouewer aims Sys abuse Ban Coronella sayi Wolbr., 1842, Herp., 99, pl. 22; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 619; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 41. Coluber sayi DeK., 1842, Rept., 41. Her- petodryas getulus Schleg., 1837, Essai, I, 153, II, 198. Lampropeltis get- ulus Fitz., 1843, Syst., 25. Lampropeltis sayi Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 254. Ophibolus sayi B. & G., 1853, Serp., pp. 84, 159, — 1854, Marey’s Exp., pl. 7; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 30, f. 59. O. getulus var. sayi Cope, 1875, Checklist, 37. 0. getulus sayi Cope, 1880, Bull. 20, U. S. Mus., 28. Coronella getulus yar. sayi Jan, 1863, Sist., 47, — 1865, Icon., livr. 14, pl. 5, f. 2. Mississippi Valley to Illinois and Texas, 67 68 68 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. 157 OPHIDIA—Continued. Aik JETOR aH os-on de BRO EOMO Se Ol UbIGOMID: OO. Os UmCiROmDNIUN DN CiOnCs ORICHG Ophibolus boli B. & G., 1853, erp, ; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, 11, pl. 30, f. 57, — 1859, Mex. Bae II, Rept., 20; Cope, 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 305. 0. getulus subsp. boylit Cope, 1875, Checklist, 37; Yarrow, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 538; Coues, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 618. Coronella balteata Hall, 1853, Pr. Phil. Ac., 236, — 1859, P. R. BR. Rep., X, 14. ? C. getula Mart., 1856, Mus. Berl., 25. C. getulus var. boylii Jan, 1863, Sist., 47. Lampropeltis boylit Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 255. TL. boylii var. conjuncta Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 255, — 1861, l. c., p. 301. Coronella getulus var. pseudogetulus Jan, 1863, Sist., 47, — 1865, Icon., livr. 12, pl. 6, f. 2. California to Mexico. Var. SPLENDIDUS . .----+-+-+=- AOU On Or 0D 1) Ose CRO GD Ophibolus splendidus B. & G., 1853, Seen 83; Bd., 1859, Mex. Bound., Il, Rept., pl. 14, p. 20, — P. R. R. Rep., x, pl. 30, f. 58; Cope, 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 310. Lampropellis splendida Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 255. Ophibolus getulus subsp. splendidus Cope, 1875 , Checklist, 37; Coues, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 619. Coronella Die var. splendida Jan, 1863, Sist., 47, — 1865, Icon., livr. 12, pl. 6, f. 1. Back bk: ick, crossed by 50 to 63 broad bands of light color, forming a spot in the middle of each scale. Nearly all scales on the flank, with more or less white in the center. The dorsal bands bifurcate on the flank, inelosing rhomboid spots of darker, which often extend upon the ventrals. Belly white, blotched with black. Arizona and Southern California to Mexico. Var. CALIFORNIAE.. -- +--+ -- Sey 6 0,00 0 0. Oud Coluber (Ophis) californiae Blainy., 1835, Ann. Mus., IV, pl. 27, Ngee ey & G., 1853, Serp., 153. Coronella californiae D. & B., 1854, Erp., Vil, 623. C. getulus var. californiae Jan, 1863, Sist., 47, — 1865, Icon., livr. 14, pl. 5, £.3. Ophibolus californiae Cope, 1875, Checklist, 37. More yellow than black, the latter forming more or less effaced, anastomosing and broken longitudinal lines on the back. The ver- tebral lines darker, Oculars 1—2 California. Ware PyRREOMMIASI =) ici isimel ofc siisiie! (oll) <) ~!Lel/o) (eljeiis! = ( 5.0 O08 Ophibolus pyrrhomelanus Cope, 1 Tees Pr. Phil. Ac., 305. O. pyrrhomelas Cope, 1875, Checklist, 37; Yi arrow, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 537. O. pyrrhomelas Coues, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep.; Vist GLO! Arizona; Sonora. LIopHIs. ...- A Ae PAG eh MOLEC BCU ACSC a a Ta Stoker Ser es Wagler, 1830, rene 187; D. & B., 1854, sie VU, 697; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 42. TROPHISCEEAPOIDES A rs oo es eo BS te ve ew ee ee Pliocereus elapoides Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 253; Peters, 1869, Mb., Berl. Akad., 876. Elapochrus deppei Peters, 1860, Mb. Berl. Akad., 263. Liophis tricinctus Jan, 1863, Sist., 53, — 1866, Tcon., livr. 18, pl. 4, f. 4-6, Mexico, 69 67 69 158 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY, OPHIDI A—Continued. DYIADOPHIS. . =... .~ MOKA DO OMA OOo moO OO a oo Doo TD Baird and Girard, 1853, Serp., 112. DIADOPHIS ANNULATUS .... Cree Orn ceGenmoes o cG a 5) fi) Enicognathus annuatus D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 335, pl. 80, f. 1-8; Jan, 1863, Sist., 51, — 1866, Icon,, livr. 16, pl. 4, f. 3, Mexico. DIADOPHIS sDECORA'TUS*«|.« /« wel «re. loll etustaeiieureuite) levis Ire irene neu eer Sanne TT Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 250. Coronella decorata Gthr., 1858, Cat., 35 Enicognathus vittatus Jan, 1863, Sist., 50, — 1866, Icon., livr. 16, pl. 2, f. 2-3. Rhadinea decorata Cope, 1875, Jour. Phil. Ac., 138. Southern Mexico. “DIADOPHIS RULVIVITTIS| «4 cls iel @acie ra eset en ie Rhadinea fulvivitta Cope, 1875, Jour. Phil. Ac., 139. ; Southern Mexico. DIADOPHISIPUNGLATUS) <1) (mene) lol cots! (ou olla) cocci or YF Diadophis docilis B. & G., 1853, Serp., 114; ? Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 82, f. 1, pl. 33, f. 84; Coues, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 628. D. punctatus var. docilis Jan, 1863, Sist., 49, — 1866, Teon., livr. 15, pl. 6, f. 2. Ablabes occipitalis Gthr., 1858, Cat., 29. Diadophis occipitalis Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 250. D. punctatus var. stictogenys Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 250, — 1875 (subspecies), Checklist, 37, — 1880, Bull. 20, U. 8. Mus., 23. D. texensis Kenn., 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 328. Texas to Mexico, SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. 159 OPHIDI A—Continued. \Wiin, AONAGAS5 (6 OleOle =Osd 6 56nd IO o SMD & SG sol onan eo Jan, 1863, Sist., 49, — 1866, Icon., livr. 15, pl. 6, f. 4. Diadophis ama- bilis B. & G., 1853, Serp., 113; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 33, f. 83. Diadophis pulchelttus B. & G., 1853, Serp., 115; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 33, f. 85; Yarrow, 1875, Wheeler's Rep., V, 588. D. punctatus var. pulcheltus Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 250; Jan, 1863, Sist., | 49, — 1866, Icon., livr. 15, pl. 6, f. 3. Greenish to blackish-brown, punctulate with black. Belly orange, more or less sprinkled or spotted with black. Occipital ring moder- ate. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 184 to 204. Subcaudals 59 to 60. Arizona to California. (DTADORHISEREGATISHOrwRCUnS Veuislscia asl Aemlanre) Ms; late) ule, Gihcbectisy er arto 9 13 Baird & Girard, 1853, Serp., 115, 161; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 33, £ 86; Coues, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 623; Cope, 1875, Check- list, 38. Mexico. IRBINOCHEWGUS| er - eli) =) or we Baird & Girard, 1853, Serp., 120. oe, 0 ere) 10) |e). e ey 6 ee) © (ele! iene) (es RATNOCHEILUSHVECON DIEM} \eu cuicimcaieiiicmeiici snes) es ° oo oey Ooo 163 B. & G., 1853, Serp., 120, 161; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 33, £. 90; Cope, 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 304; Jan, 1863, Prodr. Icon. Ofid., 11, — 1863, Sist., 43, — 1876, Icon., livr. 48, pl. 3, f. 1; Coues, 1875, Wheel- er’s Rep., V, 623; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 36, — 1880, Bull. 20, U. S. Mus., 23. Texas to California. Wiis RSW ie AUS Ws o bo oho GO pid Gud dug oo b8o oo See es Mexico. IshonormyONiD 5 oO 0 0 o Oa oo Oo O Oro S00 65 OM Oo bos ob a's 6 7G (Pal. de Beauy., 1799) Latr., 1802, Rept., IV, 32; Fitz., 1826, Class., 56; Gray, 1831, Synops. (An. King. Griff, IX), 85; Troost, 1836, Ann. N. Y. Lye., Il, 183; Schleg., 1837, Essai, II, 96; Holbr., 1842, Herp., II, 57; B. & G., 1853, Serp., 51; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 764; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 82. Hereropon pratryruinus (Hog-nose Snake)... . . “I on Latreille, 1802, Rept., IV, 32, pl. 28, f. 1-3; Holbr., 1838, Herp., IT, 97, pl. 21, — 1842, Herp., IV, pl. 17; B. & G., 1853, Serp., 51; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 28, f. 38; Stor., 1889, Rept., Mass., 231; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 766; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 82; Jan, 1863, Sist., 44, — 1876, Icon., livr. 48, pl. 3, f. 2; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 43, — 1877, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 64; DeK., 1842, Rept. N. Y., 55; Bd., 1854, Serp. N. Y., 18; Allen, 1869, Pr. Bost. Soe., 182. H. cognatus B. & G., 1853, Serp., 54; Bd., 1859, Mex. Bound. Surv., II, 17, — P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 28, f. 39. Coluber heterodon Daud., 1803, Rept., VII, 153, pl: 60, f 28; Say, 1818, Am. Jour. Ser., I, 261; Harl., 1827, Jour. Phil. Ac., 357, — 1835, Med. Res., 120. ZZ. tigrinus Troost, 1836, Ann. N. Y. Lyce., III, 189; DeK., 1842, Rept. N. Y., 52. Hog-nose Snake Catesby, 1743, Carol., I, 56. Eastern, Middle, and Southern States, 160 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY, OPHIDI A—Continued. Vier ENIGER si) temiar ite) = Bi cue ig) (ele) a tOiaiee fell oMMlsicrab tor tel colisounte sere wheats tite Mite mm AS Jan, 1863, Sist., 44. Heterodon niger Troost, 1836, Ann. N. Y. Lyce., 186; Holbr., 1838, Herp., II, 105, pl. 23, — 1842, Herp., IV, 63, pl. 16; DeK., 1842, Rept. N. Y., 52; B. & G,, 1853, Serp., 55; D. & B., 1854, irp., VII, 769; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 83; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 28, f. 40. H. atmodes B. & G., 1853, Serp., 57; Bd., 1859, P. R. R, Rep., X, pl. 28, f. 41. HH. platyrhinus subsp. atmodes Cope, 1875, Checklist, 43. Seytale niger Daud., 1803, Rept., V, 342; Harl., 1827, Jour. Phil. Ac., 367, — 1835, Med. Res., 130. Coluber cacodaemon Shaw, 1802, Zo6l., III, 377, pl. 102. C. thrase Harl., 1885, Med. Res., 120. Heterodon annulatus Troost, 1836, Ann. Lye. N. Y., II, 188; DeK., 1842, Rept. N. Y., 52. The Black Viper Catesby, 1743, Carol., II, 44. Southern States east of the Mississippi. TETERODON | SEMUSs 5) 2) ce lo) ls eel ol a) el eee en el Sec OMOkChON ter Oho pom Oo5 G6 5 Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 244. CEMOPHORA COCCINEA. . . . So moO DO Goo or oOo OS | ES Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 244; Jan, 1863, Sist., 45, — 1865, Icon., livr. 11, pl. 5, f. 2; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 36, — 1877, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 65. Coluber coccineus Blumenbach, 1788, Licht. & Voigt, Mag., pl. V; Gmel., 1788, Syst. Linn., I, 1097; Latr., 1802, Rept., IV, 188; Daud., Rept., VII, pl. 83, f. 1; Harl., 1827, Jour. Phil. Ac., 356, — 18365, Med. Res., 119. Heterodon coecineus Schleg., 1837, Essai, I, 141, IT, 102, pl. 3, f. 15, 16. Simotes coccineus D. & B., 1854, Erp., VI, 637, pl. 82, f. 2; Mart., 1856, Mus. Berl., 25; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 26. Rhinos- toma coccinea Holbr., 1842, Herp., IT, 125, pl. 30; B. & G., 1853, Serp., 118; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 33, £. 89. laps coccineus Merr., 1820, Syst. Amph., 145, Southern States east of Texas, SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY, 161 OPHIDI A—Continued. WAPNICORED. (iw fob) +. c6 |3'bie MM epee ssmiowenst el «iat 'c) is) st 7S Cemophora cope: Jan, 1863, Sist., 45, — Icon., livr. 11, pl. 5, f. 3. Tennessee. XMENODON]). - -- 66 iO sheot gnc Soo Ofo imo nnd DO Boel 79 Sole, 1827, Isis, 541; Schleg., pl. 4, £2. A variety of X. colubrinus, from Para, of Guenther. Mexico. JE EICHEN Ao og f oft. 68 020 60 Opto Od > UNG. DEO OnOlON SO IG O56 65. MY) Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 246. HYPsIGLENA OCHRORHYNCHA.. 2. oo Goo Wu Gn op ton oe Bul HI. ochrorhynchus Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 246, — 1875, Checklist, 38. Lower California. Wears CHEOROPIDAEAN? fo) ler isis) (sl ciel eine! eulai eet s Bao Op ookd. Oe Hypsiglena chlorophaea Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 247. H. ochrorhynchus var. chlorophaea Cope, 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 304. H. ochrorhynchus subsp. chlorophaea Cope, 1875, Checklist, 38. Hl. ochrorhyncha chloro- phaca Coues, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 622. More slender. Colors darker; spots black. Ventrals 167. Subcau- dals 55 pairs, Arizona to Sonora. NTE MUUNT SIR ONIB) og 90000 odeb O10 DO 6-0 G obo DO O10 Go 0 Gnd OaGuGNon asl Calamaridae Gthr., 1858, Cat., 2; Jan, 1862, Arch. Zool., I. pO mow 6455 BGs & Deed soos oe oOD DO mmo OO OOo GOOG Sal Gray, 1849, Cat. Serp., 80. BICIMIA FRONTALIS . ..... . bS ood 6 oo Goo oo a OlGMO @ st Toluca frontalis Cope, 1864, Pr. Phil. Ac., 167. : Colima, Mexico. IBGE @MNNo.o G oenaa oO a OO 0 ol doo poo Glove 2 OO bee 5 i) Gyalopion canum Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 248, 310, — 1875, Checklist, 36; Coues, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 624, pl. 18, f. 2. Arizona ANCIMTACN ASUS) +, ksavs verwe ues aba BO a 5.0 oo oreo OG Homalocranion wagneri Jan, 1862, Arch. Zodl., II, 50, 51, — 1863, Sist, 40, — 1866, Icon., livr. 15, pl. 2, f. 3. Florida. GNANiAy Wade inet ol Oo opi ao 0! O10 0 Jeo0 a) 0 G-Oeg OND DP OPOrc Cope, 1875, Checklist, 85 (name). Coluber planiceps Blainy., 1835, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Paris, IV, 294, pl. 27, f. 3; B. & G., 1858, Serp., 154. Homalocranion planiceps Dum., 1852, Mem. Ac. Sci., XXII, 490; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 857; Jan, 1862, Arch. Zool., UW, 51, 55, — 1863, Sist., 40, — 1866, Icon., livr. 15, pl. 2, f. 2. California. TIAPOMOREEIO SIRE SR eicUn sy aay teimeatet isi om eiixe? sure se) (oe) ole: 0:0) <8 0: (0) <6 (Wiegmann) Fitz., 1843, Syst. Rept., 25. * ELAPOMORPHUS MEXICANUS . - « - e608 olduc 0 0 ANOEO ONOSOEG Guenther, 1862, Ann. Mag. Nat. eel 9, f. 1 (extr. p. 6). Mexico. CONTIAGS -pene ich ere (es. eC ueMcic te) ciivins: iol e789, #0, © «@ Baird and Girard, 1853, Serp., 110. 87 88 88 88 89 89 89 90 1¢4 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. OPHIDI A—Continued. (Sonora.) CONIA SEMIANNUDATA: =| 2 «0. 0) ite: 0) 0.) ollie all eter all teenie] oom Sonora semiannulata B. & G., 1853, Serp., 117; Bd., 1859, Mex. Bound., JI, Rept., 21, pl. 19, f 3, — P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 33, f. 88; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 36. Sonora. CONTIA. OCCIPITALIS .. . 6 oes + ew ~ a = Moss a soo a SH Rhinostoma oceipitale Hall., 1854, Pr. Phil. Ac., 95, — 1856, Pr. Phil. Ae., 311, — 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, Rept., 15. Lamprosoma occipitale Bd., 1859, Mex. Bound., II, Rept., 21, pl. 21, f.1, — P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 35, f. 67. Chionactis oceipitalis Cope, 1860, Pr, Phil. Ac., 241, — 1875, Checklist, 35, Arizona, Var. ANNULATA) (> (sj (6 © (oe: oo) oo) oe edng ion eee Lamprosoma annulatum Bd., 1859, Mex. Bound., II, 22. Chionactis occip- italis subsp. annulata Cope, 1875, Checklist, 36. : Arizona, CONTIACISOZON AG on iol oil slkcinole niNC MoT oh oll oritto into aici leant att -enenS 92 Cope, 1866, Pr, Phil. Ac., 804, — 1875, Checklist, 36; Yarrow, 1875, Wheeler’s Exp., V, 537, pl. 18, f, 1. Arizona to Utah. (PRrocrnuRA.) ConTIA AEMULA (? position) 6. 6 6 6 eee ee ee ee ee ee ee OB Procinura aemula Cope, 1879, Pr. Am. Phil. Soe., 262, Mexican Plateau. (Contra.) (QM wINCrONGG 5 MO OOOoG Odo GCDoOPoodb ooo o oss YE Cope, 1871, Pr. Phil. Ac., 223, — 1875, Checklist, 36, — 1877, Pr. Am. Phil. Soe., 65. Florida. CONTIACMOMIS (<1 a>) <) ote) coh one total onl Sooo fe dis Seto foo oo UE 3aird & Girard, 1853, Serp., 110; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 36, f. 7; Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 251, — 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac., 74. Ablabes purpureocauda Gthr., 1858, Cat., 245. Homalosoma mite Jan, 1862, Arch. Zo6l., 11, 33, 35, — 1863, Sist., 36, — 1865, Icon., livr. 18, pl. 4, reps California. CONDIAVEPIRGORAN =p eimeineil si Nailie: (elles inal raiite Pee Ceres ad ac Sh! Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Aec., 251, — 1875, Checklist, 86, — 1880, Bull. 20, U.S. Mus., 20. Lamprosoma episcopum Kenn., 1859, Mex. Bound., IT, -Rept., 22, pl. 8, £2. ? Contia episcopa subsp. torquata Cope, 1880, Bull. 20, U.S. Mus., 20. C. episcopa subsp. episcopa Cope, I. ¢., 20. Homa- losoma episcopum Jan, 1862, Arch. Zodl., IT, 33, 35, — 1863, Sist., 37, — 1865, Icon., livr. 18, pl. 4, f. 2, Texas. SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. 165 re) PHIDI A—Continned. WOU 6 6 oo oh Oho GUO .oNO Ouoed—O CUOTOLG oo OG Cedi omc! Glo OECmCunD Baird & Girard, 1853, Cat. N. A. Serp., 116. Head distinct. Frontal divided transversely. Nasal in two parts. Loreal entering orbit, fused with the lower anteocular. Oculars 1—2. Mentals one pair. Eyes rather large, pupil round. Scales smooth. Anal bifid. Subcaudals in two rows. ILODIA TENUIS- «+5 3 © 2 © © « SS 0 Ga GO Oo DID ONO IO OTOHC Cc B. & G., 1853, Serp., 116; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 36, f. 8; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 36. Calamaria tenuis B. & G., 1852, Pr. Phil. Ac., 176. Body slender, subcylindrical; tail short, conical, tapering. Frontal hexagonal, lateral borders parallel. A small subelliptical shield between prefrontals and frontal. Internasals subtriangular, about half as large as prefrontals. Rostral broad. Nasal in two parts, nostril between. Loreal large, elongate, entering the orbit, fused with lower anteocular. Oculars 1—2. Anterior temporal largest, elongate. Labials 6. Infralabials 6, fourth largest. One pair of mentals, Scales rather large, smooth, in 15 rows, outer broader. Ventrals 150. Anal entire. Subcaudals 33 pairs. Brown aboye, bluish laterally, with a longitudinal stripe of lighter on each flank. Belly lighter, bases of scutes bluish. -Oregon and Washington Territories. IMPROV G 6 5. O10 7 Gab. Gu GubieG tOLOeC -OncHosOMGECrO Ems ee ore 94 B. & G., 1853, Serp., 49. Streptophorus D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 514. NIADA ULTPAGAINNT cute: Wohlea vay cal eiicotielis) (on SOM Rom) @, ver ve) Syney oy a wo 95 Chersodromus licbmanni Reinh., 1860, Vid. Medd. Kjobenh., 35, pl. TV, f. 10,11; Cope, 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac., 302; Jan, 1862, Arch. Zodl., I, 25, — 1865, Icon., livy. 12, pl. 3, f. 2. Vera Cruz, Mexico. Maw SHS. 0 Sto PR ODO Oo ae 0 GOO O Oo ope cam Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 340. Streptophorus sebae D. & B., 1854, Erp., VIL, 515; Gthir., 1858, Cat., 16; Jan, 1862, Arch. Zodl., II, 26, 27, — 1863, Sist., 34, — 1865, Icon., livr. 12, pl. 3, f. 4; Mart., 1856, Mus. Berl., 28. Mexico, INTNTAG COWMARISUrelwenitel to) oi slits) oe) 6) coy oiet once (6) (oy = Ve] ofa sim be, fo) 8 90 Streptophorus sebae var. collaris Jan, 1865, Icon., livr. 12, pl. 2, f. 6. Mexico, INJESWA NSU TOD IS eG) OG Onc Ol mG dootrO Oet)oeteod canec equceet') Elapoides sieboldi Jan, 1862, Arch. ZoGl., Il, 21, — 1863, Sist., 38, — 1865, Icon., livr. 12, pl. 1, f. 4. Mexico. ININTASDIADEMADAG Ia cies) <> ieee) s 6) 6 6).6) a 6 oe ee te ss | 88 B. & G., 1853, Serp., 49; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 27, f. 37. Tropidonotus dimidiatus Cope, 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac., 297. Streptophorus bifasciatus D, & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 520; Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 77; Jan, 1862, Arch. Zodl., II, 26, — 1863, Sist., 34, — 1865, Icon., livr. 12, pl. 3, f. 3. Mexico. 166 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. OPHIDI A—Continued. Southeastern States. Wiaiciej)t\s Ot Gua ORO CPOLO creo ceo oO OOOO ob oo 5 B. & G., 1853, Serp., 127 VIRGINIA STRUATGEA Ss = = el 0 ple) elo) «) leieh i elitel cellto ite eg < nia Ee F Coluber striatulus Linn., 1766, Syst., I, 375; Gmel., 1788, Syst. Linn., I, 1087; Daub., 1784-92, Eneycl. Meth., II, 684; Latr., 1802, Rept., IV, 84; Daud., 1803, Rept., VII, 200; Merr., 1820, Syst., 118; Harl., 1827, Jour. Phil. Ac., V, 354, — 1835, Med. Res., 117. Calamaria striatula Schleg., 1837, I, 133, II, 43; Holbr., 1842, Herp, III, 123, pl. 29. Haldea striatula B. & G., 1853, Serp., 122; Mart., 1856, Mus. Berl., 23; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 32, f. 91; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 35, — 1880, Bull. 20, U. S. Mus., 20. Conocephatus striatulus D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 140; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 17; Jan, 1862, Arch. Zodl., I, 24, — 1863, Sist., 34, — Icon., livr. 12, pl. 3, f. 1. Virginia to Texas. VIRGINIA INORNATA USP. Tl ciclesieltela!koiiaMicise aioli Sl item it-t-omte mem VIRGINIA ELEGANS) «= 25 6 = es POU SG on Oo oa Kenn., 1859, Pr. Phil. Ac., 99; Jan, 1869; Arch. Zool., IT, 24, — 1863, Sist., 34, — 1865, Icon., livr. 12, pl. 2, f. 6; Cope, 1880, Bull. 20, U.S. Mus., p. 20. Southern [linois. Marea UNsSUNIIONNG op OO DOO DO nono ou oO ec oo 5G 0 B. & G., 1853, Serp., 127; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. ae XG ple sos Oe eae 1862, Arch. Zo6l., IT, 24, — 1863, Sist., 34, — 1865, Icon., livr. 12, pl. 2,f.5; Cope, 1880, Bull. 20, U. 8S. Mus., p. 20. Maryland to Georgia and Illinois. NiMgiINNIIUEG G goo 6 60 0c ois) ay a's) elvol obs tele t mean Carphophis harperti D. & B., 1854, Erp., “vir, 135; Cope, 1880, Bull. 20, U.S. Mus., 20. Virginia harperti Cope, 1875, Checklist, 35. V. vale- riae Jan, 1863, Sist., 34. Celuta harperti Mart., 1856, Mus. Berl., 23. Georgia to Texas. CARPHOPHIS . as Ch GeO a Aon LO} 30 AbG aero Mido a 5 3 Gervais, 1843, D’Orb. Dict. d’TTist. ., 11], 191; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 133. Celuta B. & G., 1853, on 129 CARPHOPHIS STRAMINEA «s+. +2 - ss Pies sige ae Chilomeniscus stramineus Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 38, — 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac., 302, — 1875, Checklist, 35. Lower California. GARPMOPEIS TGUNGDAN Went oiielte cat eiiiet Te) te enieil oli) Ce) 1 -lnt uate a ails em Chilomeniscus cinctus Cope, 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac., 303, — 1875, Checklist, 35. ©. ephippicus Cope, 1867, Pr. Phil. Ac., 85, — 1878, Checklist, 35. Guaymas, Sonora. (ON sasc)asa os nae weed ONO CID oO a Oo HG A a Goon So Celuta helenae Kenn., 1859, Pr. Phil. Ac., 100. Carphophiops helenae Cope, 1875, Checklist, 34. Carphophis amoena var. helenae Jan, 1862, Arch, Zool., 23, — 1863, Sist., 33. Illinois to Mississippi. 96 97 97 98 98 99 99 99 100 100 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. 167 OPHI DI A—Continued. @armpaornis: AMOENA (“Ground Snake”). » ......+*e«% +--+. - 100 Gervais, 1843, D’Orb. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., III, 191; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 181; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 18; Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 79; Jan, 1862, Arch. Zoil., 23, — 1863, Sist., 33, — 1865, Icon., livr. 12, pl. 2, f. 4; Allen, 1869, Pr. Bost. Soc., 182. Coluber amoenus Say, 1825, Jour. Phil: Ac., IV, 237; Harl., 1827, Jour. Phil. Ac., 355, — 1835, Med. Res., 118; Storer, 1839, Rept. Mass., 226; Linsley, 1844, Am, Jour., vol. 45, p. 43. Brachyorrhos amoenus Wolbr., 1842, Herp., III, 115, pl. 27. Carphophiops vermiformis Gery., 1843, Dict. Hist. Nat., III, 191. C. amoenus Cope, 1875, Checklist, 34. Calamaria amoena Schleg., 1837, Essai, I, 139, IT, 31, pl. 1, f. 19-20. Celuta amoena B. & G., 1853, Serp., 129; Mart., 1856, Mus. Berl., 23; Baird, 1854, Serp. N. Y., 25, — 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 33, f. 95. Massachusetts to Illinois and southward. Wainy AVI oo. hf! 0 0 O60 GeO. Op ucmouded cso ko.e Oe ecmcecmrl OL Celuta vermis Kenn., 1859, Pr. Phil. Ac., 99. Carphophiops vermis Cope, 1875, Checklist, 34. Missouri and southward. GRORTIEe. 5.6 B'p 6 OD 0 6-6 & G56. 0 CHO o-G=p C10 ONONO “ope ogee ea (tn! Wagler, 1830, Syst. re ., 342, GEOPHIS SEMIDOLIATUS . . + 5 O00 O8Gep G.o i> guoro oe 1 ally Peters, 1859, Mb. Berl. Akad., 275. Rabdosoma semidoliatum D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 93. Rhabdosoma semidoliatum Gthr., 1858, Cat., 10; Mart., 1856, Mus. Berl., 23; Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 78. Catostoma semidoliatum Cope, 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 339. Llapoides semidoliatus 5 Jan, 1862, Arch. Zodl., 21, 22, — 1863, Sist., 33, — 1865, Icon., livr. 12, pl. 2, f. 1. Mexico. (C§ROEPISRBICOLORS RAM Mom iicistc (cilleitentell et oir et fell oll (eiiier ellie ie! ce, Fe, (stl OD Guenther, 1868, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 413. Valley of Mexico. GHOPHICMUARIRONTAIIS EDs A elelellalitoilsielelveiteltets (cls) (1 sities ota 103 GROPMISHUIPEIENS «clic istien eis asenen 7uwaiitel ois) enters Sted oO ohatono! als) Symphotis lippiens Cope, 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac., 524 Guadalaxara, Mexico. 168 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY: TOXECOPHIDLIA (Venomous Snakes). ; -..-5---+-25- OO ro sono = 104 PRO PE ROG ISR HAS tte oe ee MER Te re rote. es: E@ONOGERCA: Gc 6 erste ts ores bain ie eee 224, Sh eeoeets SAU EDA 2 2 Micon 1k Ue, oie ee Aaa ee bs iddetie Se: eee Gthr., 1858, Cat., 209. WEADS stats tat eel aed ee tare Pe ees) O66 ono opcr a o IMI Schneider, 1801, Hist. Amph., IT, 289. Ears Futvius (“Harlequin Snake”) ...... Ody Grid-o0 Be Sls} Cuyier, 1817, Regn. Anim., II, $4; Fitz., 1826, Neue Class., 61; Holbr., 1838, Herp., HI, 87, pl. 18, — 1842, Herp., IIT, 49, pl. X; B. & G., 1853, Serp., 21; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VI, 1215; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 235; Bd., P. R: R. Rep., X, pl. 25, f. 15; Cope, 1859, Pr. Phil. Ac., 344, — 1875, Checklist, 834, — 1880, Bull. 20, U. 8S. Mus., 23; Jan, 1859, Rev, & Mag. Zodl. (Extr., p. 6), — 1863, Sist., 118, — 1872, Icon., livr. 42, pl. 2,f. 1; Dum. Boe., 1874, Miss. Sci. Mex., pl. 23; Audubon, Orni- thol., I, pl. 44. Coluber fulvius Linn., 1766, Syst., I, 381; Gmel., 1788, Syst. Linn., I, 1104; Latr., 1802, Rept., IV, 140; Shaw, 1802, Zodl., Ill, 469; Daud., 1803, Rept., VI, 300; Say, 1825, Am. Jour. Sci., I, 262. Vipera fulvia Harl., 1827, Jour. Phil. Ac., 364, — 1835, Med. Res., 127. Le Noire et fauve LaC., 1789, Quad. Ovip. et Serp., IT, 299. ? Elaps fulvius var. hypostema Jan. 1863, Sist., 118. Southern States east of the Mississippi. AsV meme OlIA OME, Gg Gonoma Shou ON GO Ono OG oNe.ale 64 0 = LOG Elaps nigrocinctus Grd., 1854, Pr. Phil. Ac., 226, — 1855, Gilliss’ Exp., II, 210; Cope, 1859, Pr. Phil. Ac., 345; Sumichrast, 1881, Bull. Soe. Zool. de France, 184. £#. divaricatus Hall., 1855, Jour. Phil. Ac., 36. E. fitzingeri Jan, 1859, Rev. & Mag. Zool, pp. 5 and 10. E. fulvius var. fitzingeri Jan, 1863, Sist., 113, — 1872, Icon., livr. 42, pl. 2, f. 3. Central America to Mexico. ViarANRINIS Wo dackcyiters tmoclemen oe ctemeR epee ser Si sorte kote oer - 106 Jan, 1863, Sist., 118, — 1872, Ieon., livr. 42, pl. 1, f. 2. Elaps affinis Jan, 1859, Rev. & Mag. Zodl., pp. 6 and 14, pl. B, f. 2. Mexico. Var SBLEUNCIIGIOR oe ich ciate ti-ii- Eick (epaeiicn ih iteicin ies meas yc Elaps bipunctiger D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 1227. laps distans Kenn., 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 338; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 34. 2. ornatissimus Jan, 1859, Rev. & Mag. Zodl. (Extr. pp. 5 and 10, pl. A, f. 3), — 1863, Sist., 113, — 1872, Icon., livr. 42, pl. 1, f. 1. Seales unicolor. Throat white, perhaps yellowish in life. Vertex black, followed by a collar of white or red. The specimen described had forty-three circles of white orred. The rings were narrow, occu- pying but two of the ventrals. Muzzle without a black spot. The name bipunctiger was given on account of a couple of light-colored spots in the black of the crown. Tip of tail black. Mexico; Florida. SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. 169 TOXICOPHIDI A—Continuea. WATS TEND. fre ss] s ses) 9) © icchisMasp eset Be Geb 6) Cab aoe Elaps tenere B. & G., 1853, Serp., pp. 22, 156; Bd., 1859, P: R. R. Rep., X, pl. 25, £16. E. tristis B. & G., 1858, Serp., 23; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 25, f. 17. HE. fulvius subsp. tener Cope, 1875, Checklist, BA. Anterior portion of head black. A yellow occipital ring. Black rings fifteen in number. Red rings broadest. Yellow rings about half as wide as the black, and twice as many as either black or red. Tip of tail black. Ventrals 224 to 227. Subcaudals 26 to 38. Texas. Var. APIATUS.- . + s+ = - 5 mo) G10) beara our do Gyehoeo oad 106 Jan, 1863, Sist., 113. Elaps apiatus Jan, 1859, Rey. & Mag. Zool. (Extr., pp. 6, 11, pl. A, f. 4). Vera Cruz. War. EPISTEMA. «© + s+ +e 0s ee ee ws pig ob db Go ocun 106 Elaps epistema D. & B., 1854, Erp., VU, 1222; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 236; Jan, 1859, Rev. & Mag. Zool. (Extr., p. 6), — 1863, Sist., 113. Mexico. War Dn el6 00-9 0 oO doo 6p ona-o Go Oso eos Shore. mlty/ Jan, 1863, Sist., 113. Hlaps diastema D. & B., 1854, ape VIL, 1222; Sumichr., 1881, Bull. Soc. Zool. de France, 185. Mexico. Var. CEREBRIPUNCTATUS .. + + - Seas. Sau OR Tey ope teers OP LON Elaps cerebripunctatus Pet., 1869 9, Mb. Berl. Akad., 877. Pueblo, Mexico. BLAPS| BEURYXANTHUS ..-.- 2+: 5 88 AO peReo- 6 GO Brcro. HKiy/ Kenn., 1860, Pr. Phil. Ac., 337; Cope, 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac., 296, — 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 307, — 1875, Checklist, 34; Coues, 1875, Wheeler's Rep., V, 611. Arizona to Mexico. XPAPS DATICOLLARIS. ~ « «© 2 3 > 2 e oe ww 2 4b. 68 G@ COLO Ho 107 Elaps maregravii var. laticollaris Pet., 1869, Mb. Berl. Akad., 877 “Pueblo, Mexico.” IneucicoMntso 6G OO DO Odo ooo OD OOo oD oOo doo 108 Jan, 1859, Rey. & Mag. Zool. (Extr., pp. 7, 14, pl. B, £. 5), — 1863, Sist., 114, — 1872, Icon., livr. 42, pl. 6, f. 4. Mexico. MEA PSERLEGUNS ER te eiseecurlioaen esis dense: (ove, ce) iy ene re ye tana e108 Jan, 1859, Rey. & Mag. Zool. (Extr., pp. 6, 13, pl. B, f. 1), — 1863, Sist., 114, — 1872, Icon., livr. 42, pl. 5, f. 2; Cope, 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac., 295. Mexico. STTAUIVICE EC AM men eto? Olle iol iol el oeiterielfete)'s) o1.0 epi) eve) = 109 TSAO NEO) E3S MUDYNIDIS 8S. 9 « Crotalus atrox B. & G., 1853, Serp., pp. 5, 156; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 1482; Bd., 1859, Mex. Bound., II, 14, pl. 1, — 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, Whipples, 39, pl. 24, f. 3; Cope, 1859, Pr. Phil. Ac., 337; Yarr., 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 534; Duges, 1879, La Naturaleza, IV, 26. Caudisona atrox Cope, 1861, Mitch. Res., 121, — 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 309. Caudisona adamantea atrox Coues, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 607. Crotalus adamanteus atrox Cope, 1880, Bull. 20, U. 8S. Mus., 24. Crota- lus adamanteus subsp. atrox Cope, 1875, Checklist, 83; Yarr., 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 529. Crotalus adamanteus Jan, 1874, Icon., livr. 46, pl. 2, f. 1. Ci adamanteus var. atrox Jan, 1859, Rev. Mag. Zodl., Extr., p. 28, — 1863, Sist., 123. Caudisona atrox var. sonoriensis Kenn., 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac., 206. Caudisona atrox sonoriensis Cope, 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac., 292. Crotalus adamanteus var. sonoriensis Jan, 1863, Sist., 124. Texas to Mexico. CROMATUS ICONMUUBNTUS talent nrenttemtel tent onaieet= nema Goo) a. 5 Crotalus confluentus Say, 1823, Long’s Exp., IT, 48; B. & G., 1853, Serp., 8, — 1854, Marey’s Exp., 188, pl. 1; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 1475; Bd., 1859, Mex. Bound., II, Rept., 14, — 1859, P. R. R. Rept., X, Whipples, 40, pl. 24, f. 4; Cooper, 1860, P. R. R. Rep., XI, pt. 2, 295; Hall., 1856, Pr. Phil. Ac., 250; Cope, 1859, Pr. Phil. Ac., 337; Yarrow, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 530, 533; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 33, — 1880, Bull. 20, U.S. Mus., 24; Coues & Yarrow, 1878, Hayd. Rep., IV, 263. Caudisona confluenta Cope, 1861, Mitch. Res., 122, — 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 307, 309; Allen, 1874, Pr. Bost. Soc., 309; Coues, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 604. Crotalus lecontei Hall., 1851, Pr. Phil. Ac., 180, — 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, Williamson’s, 18, — 1853, Sitgreave’s Bxp., 139. Caudisona lecontei Cope, 1861, Mitch. Res., 121; Hayd., 1862, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 177. Caudisona confluenta var. lecontet Cope, 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 807. Crotalus adamanteus var. confluentus Jan, 1859, Rey. Mag. Zobl., Extr., p. 28, — 1863, Sist., 124. Dakota to Texas, 113 113 114 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. ie SOLENOGLYPH A—Continuea. WE, TRACE lon taaoy to ert co: MOI OU IES) otic mG Goch, OM C ERC Ee ECE Caudisona pyrrha Cope, 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 808, 310; Coues, 1875, Wheeler's Rep., V, 608. Crotalus pyrrhus Cope, 1875, Checklist, 33; Yarrow, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 535, A doubtful variety. Arizona. CROTALUS OREGONUS. ..... G2 Cid, 1 Shoe nonce 6 6o40 fost Bog oer Crotalus oregonus Holbr., 1842, Herp., IT, 21, pl. 3; DeK., 1842, N. Y. Fauna, Rept., 57; B. & G., 1853, Serp., 145; Bd., P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. X, 24, f. 6; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 1482; Cope, 1859, Pr. Phil. Ac., 337. Crotalus lucifer B. & G., 1852, Pr. Phil. Ac., 177, — 1853, Serp., 6 (part); D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 1482; Grd., 1858, Herp., Wilkes’ Exp., 187, pl. 15, f. 1-6; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, Wil- liamson, 10, pl. 11, pl. 36, f. 1; Cooper, 1860, P. R. R. Rep., XII, pt. 2,295. Caudisona lucifer Cope, 1861, Mitch. Res., 121, — 1866, 1, Phil. Ac., 307, 309. Internasals and prefrontals small irregular. Labials 15 to 16, two to three rows of scales between them and the orbit. Scales in 25 (28 to 27) rows. Ventrals 168 to 177. Subcaudals 22 to 25. Light brown, tinged with yellow or ash, darker posteriorly. Irregular rhomboid dark-bordered areas of the ground color or darker form a vertebral series. Posteriorly the spots become transverse bands. Outside of the dark borders there are more or less indistinct lines of light color which cross on the flank inclosing a similar small spot on the lower part of the side opposite each of the dorsal series. Of spots and bands there are about forty to the series. A light line crosses the frontals, and passes through the supraciliary to the poste- rior labial. Another line of light color passes in front of the eye, and includes the lower portions of the labials. The dark colors are darker and the light whiter than those of confluentus. Oregon to California. War STHUGIEER y'- i010 cis) rei jer veracterc taste ats akta homens eN ve Tat eN Sol ag es = 4 Crotalus lucifer B. & G., 1852, Pr. Cope, 1859, Pr. Phil. Ac., 337, — 1875, Checklist, 33; Yarr., 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 533. Caudisona lucifer Coues, 1875, Wheeler’s : Rep., V, 606. Crotalus adamanteus var. lucifer Jan, 1863, Sist., 124. Crotalus horridus Gthr., 1858, Cat., 267, ? part. California to Mexico. At CERBERUS Rake setae wail aval op sia isliay fs) oye cs) ees fans) es Caudisona lucifer var. cerberus Coues, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 607. “Nearly black, especially on the head.” Arizona. WEDDING LING 1 4a, Quote, 6 lOAGe Ono nORCRC ET ie a ae aa Caudisona mitchellii Cope, 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac., 293, 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 310. Crotalus mitchellii Yarr., 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 535; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 33. Crown seales small, rough. One loreal. Anterior portion of nasal small, higher than long, separated from rostral and labials by small 174 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY, so LENOGLY PH A—Continued. . scales. Labials 16, the last large, three rows between them and the orbit. Seales in 25 rows, keels of outer row weaker. Ventrals 198. Subcaudals 26. Greyish-yellow, punctulate with brown. Dorsal spots about 42, lateral angles produced down the flank. Five black cross bands on the tail. A yellow band from the nasals to the upper borders of the hinder labials, Above this a brown band from the eye. : Lower California. War. ENYO). «=~ = FU Gav oOD Sotho oa oH oa os Sc Caudisona enyo Cope, 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac., 293, — 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 309. Crotalus enyo Yarr., 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 534; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 38. Internasals and frontals small, scale-like. Rostral low, equilateral. Nasal in contact with rostral. Numerous small scales in front of the pit. Labials 13 or 14, separated from @rbit by three scales. Infralab- ials 14 or 15. Seales in 23 rows, keels in outer two or three obsolete. Ventrals 166. Subcaudals 26. Light greyish-brown, shaded with yellow. A pair of small brown spots on vertex. A light band bor- dered with dark across the supraciliaries. A band from the eye over the last labial to the neck. A series of about thirty-three vertebral spots, longer anteriorly, broader posteriorly, and fusing with the lat- eral spots, forming vertical bands on the flanks. Belly yellow, mot- tled with darker. Resembles C. molossus in coloration. Lower California. CROTATUSSEXSUEASPMO: «suis 6 oe) 10) ye) (eel col eli we hisiMe te) t= sen ic mae 114 Cedros Island. CrorTalLus HorRIDus “Banded Rattlesnake” ......+.-..-..-.. JID Crotalus horridus Linn., 1758, Syst., I, 214, — 1766, Syst., I, 372; Bonn., 1790, Ophiol., 1, pl. 2, f. 3; Shaw, 1802, Zo6l., TIT, 317, pl. 88; Cuv., 1817, R. An., II, 78, — 1836, R. An., I, 413; Guerin, 1829-38, Icon. R. An., Rept., 15, pl. 23, f. 2; Griffith, 1831, An. King., TX, 267; Gray, 1831, Syn. Rept., 78, mixed; LeC., 1853, Pr. Phil. Ac., 417; Cope, 1859, Pr. Phil. Ac., 338, — 1875, Checklist, 38; Yarr., 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 534. Caudisona horrida Cope, 1861, Mitch. Res., 122, — 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 309. Cuudisona durissa Laur., 1768, Syn. Rept., 93. Crotalus durissus Gmel., 1788, Syst. Linn., I, 1081, after Laur., mixed; Latr., 1801, Rept., III, 190; Daud., 1803, Rept., V, 304, pl. 68, f. 12; Harl., 1827, Jour. Phil. Ac., 368, — 1835, Med. Res., 132; Schleg., 1837, Essai, I, 192, II, 365, pl. 20, f. 15, 16; Storer, 1839, Rept. Mass., 233; Holbr., 1842, Herp., II, 9, pl. 1; DeK., 1842., N. Y. Fauna, IIT, Rept., 55, pl. 9, £. 19; B. & G., 1858, Serp., 1; LeC., 1853, Med. Jour., 663; Bd., 1854, N. Y. Serp., 9, — 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, Whipple, 39, pl. 24, f. 1; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 1465; Mart., 1856, Mus. Berl., 34; Jan, 1859, Rev. Mag. Zodl., Extr., p. 28, 1863, Sist., 128, — 1874, Icon., livr. 46, pl. 1, f. 1,2; Allen, 1869, Pr. Bost. Soe., 179 Crotalinus Cyanurus Raf., 1818, Am. Month. Mag., TU, 446, IV, 41. Urocrotalon durissus Fitz., 1843, Syst., 29, Urop- SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY, 175 SOLENOGLY PH A—Continued. sophus durissus Gray, 1849, Cat., 19. Crotalus atricaudatus Latr., 1801, Rept., III 209; Dand., 1803, Rept., V, 316; Merr., 1820, Syst., 157, Boie, 1827, Isis, 562; Wagl., 1880, Amph., 177; Gray, 1842, Zool. Mise., 51. ? C. durissus var. concolor Jan, 1859, Rey. Mag. Zodl., Extr., p. 28. C. durissus var. melanurus Jan, 1859, Rev. Mag., Extr., p. 28, — 1863, Sist., 128. Le durissus LaC., 1789, Serp., pl. 18, f. 3, not text. Le Boiguira LaC., 1789, pl. 18, f. 1, not text. Vipera caudi- sona Catesby, 1748, Carol., I, 41. Texas to New England. (Ciro CoN 6 o 6 3 6 Dio oo out aero o ounloLo o Sree mG Crotalus cerastes Hall., 1854, Pr. Phil. Ac., 95, — 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, Williamson, 17, pl. IV, f. 1, pl. 35, f. 4, 5; (Kenn.) Bd., 1859, Mex. Bound., II, 14, pl. 3; Cope, 1829, Pr. Phil. Ac., 337, — 1875, Checklist, 33; Jan, 1863, Sist., 124, — 1874, Icon., livr. 46, pl. 3, f 5; Yarr., 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 534. Caudisona cerastes Cope, 1861, Mitch. Res., 124, — 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 309. Caudisona ( Aechmophrys) ceras- tes Coues, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 609. Aechmophrys cerastes Coues, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 609. California; Arizona; Mexico. OChGMNUDS WRENS ao Gg ol 0 0 0°00 Golo ob Oo OO HO ao od o. lly/ Caudisona lepida Kenn., 1861, Pr. Phil. Ac., 206; Cope, 1861, Mitch. Res., 124. Aploaspis lepida Cope, 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 310, — 1875, Checklist, 33; Yarr., 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 535. Western Texas. (COMMITTEES 5 ono boa oeopo pose Dp dod go 6 ao ao Jal Crotalus tigris (Kenn.) Bd., 1859, Mex. Bound, II, Rept., 14, pl. 4, — 1859, P. R: R. Rep., X, pl. 35, f. 1; Cope, 1859, Pr. Phil. Ac., 338, — 1875, Checklist, 33; Yarr., 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 534. Caudisona tigris Cope, 1861, Mitch. Res., 122, — 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 309; Coues, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 608. Mexico. CROTARUSPURISHRUAMIS ei sila ireipcisnistesicMei er cite if ele men oy LILO S Mill7; Crotalus triseriatus Wiegm., 1828, Mus. Berl.; Mart., 1856, Mus. Berl., 34; Cope, 1864, Pr. Phil. Ac., 166; Yarr., 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 533. Uropsophus triseriatus Wagl., 1830, Amph., 176; Gray, 1842, Zool. Mise., 51. Caudisona triseriata Cope, 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 308. Crotalus lugubris Jan, 1859, Rey. Mag. Zool., Extr., pp. 28, 31, pl. E, f. 4, — 1863, Sist., 124; Cope, 1859, Pr. Phil. Ac., 338, — 1864, Pr. Phil. Ac., 166; Duges, 1879, La Naturaleza, IV, 25. Caudisona ligubris Cope, 1861, Mitch. Res., 122. Crotalus lugubris var. multimaculata Jan, 1863, Sist., 124, — 1874, Icon., livr. 46, pl. 3, f£. 3. Caudisona polysticta Cope, 1865, Pr. Phil., Ac., 191, — 1866, Pr. Phil. Ac., 308. Crotalus polystictus Yarr., 1875, Wheeler's Rep., V, 533. Crotalus (Crotalo- phorus) miliarius var. triseriatus Jan, 1859, Rey. Mag. Zodl., Extr., p. 29. Mexico. 176 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY, SOLENOGLY PH A—Continued. Aehaee a 27 AOE SEC EAE ORD EacenmOl cS) Coo o Oo oid ONO 0 0 6 Crotalus jimenezii Duges, 1879, La Naturaleza, IV, 23. Internasals four. Prefrontals four. Labials 14 to 15, separated from the orbit by two or three series. Scales in 25 rows, outer three smooth. Brownish-yellow, tinted with flesh color below, with five series of brown white-margined spots, of which the vertebral are larger. On each side of the occiput and neck a brown band, A brown band from the eye above the angle of the mouth to the neck; above this another from the supraciliary. A vertical band from the eye to the labials; a similar one from the pit to the mouth. Mexico. SISTRURUS) << 1coe) (o.oo) loyal cue) cal a) oe oe nto atta gots pie sms LCD Caudisona Fitz., 1826, Neue Class., 63 (not of Laurent); Wagl., 1830, Amph., 176; Bonap., 1832, Saggio, 24; Gray, 1842, Zool. Mise., 51; Fitz., 1843, Syst. Rept., 29; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 33. Crotalophorus Gray, 1825, Ann. Phil., 205 (not of Linné); Holbr., 1842, Herp., IT, 25; Gray, 1849, Cat. Serp., 17; B. & G., 1853, Serp., 11; Cope, 1859, Pr. Phil. Ac., 336. Crotalus Cope, 1861, Mitch. Res., App., 119 (not of Linné). SISTRURUS CATENATUS. . ... ~ Soo oO ond Rowe 8G On OSS ot Crotalinus catenatus Raf., 1818, Am. Month. Mag., IV, 41. Crotalus ter- geminus Say, 1823, Long’s Exp., I, 499; Boie, 1824, Isis, 270 (Cope), — 1827, Isis, 563; Harl., 1827, Jour. Phil. Ac., 372, — 1835, Med. Res., 185; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 1479, pl. 84 bis, £. 5; Cope, 1861, Mitch. Res., 125; Hayd., 1862, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., 177. Crotalophorus tergeminus Gray, 1831, Syn. Rept., 78, — 1849, Cat. Serp., 18; Holbr., 1842, Herp., III, 29, pl. V; DeK., 1842, N. Y. Rept., 57; B. & G., 1853, Serp., 14; Bd., 1854, Serp. N. Y., 11, — 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, 14, pl. 25, £ 9; Cope, 1859, Pr. Phil. Ac., 386. Caudisona tergemina Wagl., 1830, Syst. Amph., 176; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 34; Coues and Yarrow, 1878, Hayd. Rep., IV, 269. Crotalophorus kirt- landi Holbr., 1842, Herp., ILI, 31, pl. 6; DeK., 1842, N. Y. Rept., 57; Gray, 1849, Cat. Serp., 18; B. & G., 1853, Serp., 16; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 1482; Bd., 1854, Serp. N. Y., 12 (C. massassauga Kirtland), — 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, 14, pl. 25, f. 11; Cope, 1859, Pr. Phil. Ac., 336. Crotalophorus sp. Agassiz, 1850, Lake Superior, 381, pl. 6, f. 6-8. Ohio and Michigan to the Plains and southward to Mississippi. METAR NO OTe iy dec) Gea 1d O-d oa imyoro Geb oO cdloMGeaoG S05 Crotalophorus consors B. & G., 1853, Serp., 12; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 1482; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., pl. 24, f. 8. Irontal cordiform. Prefrontals moderate. Parietals rather broad. Seales in 25 rows, outer two smooth. Ventrals 147; subeaudals 25. No vertebral red line. Olivaceous brown, with seven series of about fifty spots each, all small. Blotches darker, with a narrow border of darker, surrounded by a light margin. Two lines from the vertex along the neck to the first blotch. A band from the eye to the neck. A whitish line from the nostril to the angle of the mouth. A verti- cal band on each side of the pit. Belly yellowish-white, blotched with darker. Texas, 118 118 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. 17 SOLENOGLY PH A—Continued. DISURURUS MUETARLUS sss) to celle: ether fel oi hss 3 SwinioMielgviene 6 LLG) Crotalus miliarius Linn., 1766, Syst., I, 372; Gmel., 1788, Syst. Linn., I, 1080; Bonn., 1790, Ophiol., 1; Latr., 1801, Rept., III, 203; Shaw, 1802, Zool., III, 336; Daud., 1803, Rept., V, 328; Cuv., 1817, R. An., II, 79; Merr., 1820, Syst., 156; Boie, 1827, Isis, 562; Harl., 1827, Jour. Phil. Ac., 370, — 1835, Med. Res., 134; Schleg., 1837, Essai, I, 192, IT, 569, pl. 20, f. 17, 18; Holbr., 1838, Herp., II, pl, 15; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 1477; Cope, 1861, Mitch. Res., 124; Jan, 1859, Rev. Mag. Zobl., Extr., p. 28, — 1863, Sist., 124. Crotalophorus miliarius Gray, 1825, Ann. Phil., 205, — 1831, Syn. Rept., 78; Holbr., 1842, Herp., IH, 25, pl. 4; DeK., 1842, N. Y. Rept., 57; Gray, 1849, Cat. Snakes, 17; B. & G., 1853, Serp., 11; Gthr., 1858, Cat., 267; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, Whipple, 40, pl. 24, 1. 7; Cope, 1859, Pr. Phil. Ac., 336. Caudisona miliaria Fitz., 1826, Neue Class., 63, — 1843, Syst. Rept., 29; Wagl., 1830, Amph., 176; Gray, 1842, Zodl. Mise., 51; Cope, 1875, Checklist, 34, — Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 64, — 1880, Bull. 20, U.S. Mus., 24. Crotalus miliarius yar. tergeminus Jan, 1859, Rev. Mag. Zool., Extr., 28, — 1863, Sist., 124, — 1874 Icon., livr. 46, pl. 3, f 4. ? Crotalus tergeminus Mart., 1856, Mus. Berl., 34. Vipera caudisona minor Catesby, 1743, Carol., II, 42. Le Millet LaC., 1789, Quad. Ovip. Serp., IT, 421, pl. 18, f. 2. Southern States. IV2URED WARDS wel toile teilewlenie) eh ie) us +) ele) e é 5 O00 (ov enone Crotalophorus edwardsii B. & G., 1853, Serp., 15; D. & B., 1854, Erp, WALL 1485; Bd., 1858, Mex. Bound., II, Rept., 15, — 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 25, f. 10; Duges, 1879, La Naturaleza, IV, 27. Crotalus edward- sii Cope, 1861, Mitch. Res., 125; Coues, 1875, Wheeler’s Rep., V, 610. Caudisona edwardsii Cope, 1875, Checklist, 34; Yarrow, 1875, Wheel- er’s Rep., V, 531. ? Crotalus miliarius var. edwardsii Jan, 1863, Sist., 124. Crotalus miliarius Jan, 1874, Icon., livr. 46, pl. 3, f. 6. Scales in 23 rows, outer two smooth. Ventrals 143 to 153. Sub- caudals 23. Yellowish-brown, with seven (five to seven) series of spots. A band of brown from prefrontal oyer eye to neck; beneath this a yellowish stripe from nostril to neck. Yellowish bars down- ward from each side of the pit. About forty-two black-bordered light-margined blotches in the vertebral series. Belly light yellow- ish, mottled with brown. Texas; Arizona; Sonora; Mexico. Vist TRAVUS cue nen Sinaia cM AUNT a teu cick ect ow eye nck 0'6 6 6 6.0'n io 160) Crotalus ravus Cope, 1865, Pr. Phil. Ac., 191. Caudisona rava Cope, 1875, Checklist, 33. Mexican Plateau. ALN CIRO DON eeeMe MMMM OMenaCENe Tel ieeretiel fe’ lel omens, iaitiouea sas wise: 8 oe 120 Agkistrodon Pal. de Beany., 1799, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., IV, 381; B. & G., 1858, Serp., 17. Cenchris Daud., 1803, Rept., VII, 388. Tisi- phone Fitz., 1826, Neue Class., 63. Toxicophis Troost., 1833, Ann, Lye. N, Y., IL, 176, Mem.—von., u—12, 178 SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY, SOLENOGLY PH A—Continued. ANcistropon conTorrrix (Copperhead)... - +--+ se see 120 3. & G., 1853, Serp., 17; Bd., 1854, Serp. N. Y., 13, — 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, pl. 25, f. 12; Cope, 1859, Pr. Phil. Ac., 336, — 1875, Check- list, 34. — 1880, Bull. 20, U.S. Mus., 24; Allen, 1869, Pr. Bost. Soc., 11. Coluber contortrix Linn., 1758, Syst., I, 216. Boa contortrix Linn., 1766, Syst., I, 373; Gmel., 1788, Syst. Linn., I, 1083. Trigonocephatus contortrix Holbr., 1842, Herp., ILI, 39, pl. 8; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 1494; Mart., 1856,-Mus. Berl., 35; Hall., 1856, Pr. Phil. Ac., 249; Jan, 1859, Rev. Mag. Zodl., Extr., p. 29, — 1863, Sist., 125, — 1874, Teon., livr. 46, pl. 5, f. 1. Trigonocephalus histrionicus Dum., 1852, Mem. Acad. Sci., XXIII, 534. T. cenchris Schleg., 1837, Essai, I, 191, I, 553, pl. 20, f. 10, 11. Cenchris contortric Gray, 1825, Ann. Phil., — 1849, Cat. 16. ©. mockeson Daud., 1803, Rept., V, 358, pl. 60, f. 25, pl. 70, f. 3, 4; Harl., 1827, Jour. Phil. Ac., 366, — 1835, Med. Res., 128; Wael., 1830, Syst. Amph., 175. Agkistrodon mokason Beauy., 1799, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., TV, 380. Scytalus cupreus Rat., 1834, Am. Jour. Sei., I, 85. Mississippi Valley to the Atlantic. Var. atroruscus (“Highland Moceasin”)...... . Bo dts oO a oc Acontias atrofuscus Troost, 1836, Ann. N. Y. Lye., 181. Toxicophis atro- fuscus Troost, 1836, Ann. N. Y. Lyc., 190; B. & G., 1853, Serp., 150. Cenchris atrofuscus Gray, 1849, Cat., 16. Trigonocephalus atrofuscus Holbr., 1842, Herp., ILI, 43, pl. 9; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 1495. Ancistrodon atrofuscus Cope, 1875, Checklist 34. “The colour of the upper parts of the body must be considered as black, variegated with brown spots, which are not of a uniform shade, but pass from dark into a lighter colour; they are irregularly scat- ~tered over the body; nevertheless, they exhibit a tendency to run from one side toward the other, widening towards the back. The light spots are composed of smoky gray, passing into blackish brown, exhibiting all the intermediate shades between these two colours; they are rather small stripes of the breadth of from two to four scales, and disappear near the tail altogether, which is entirely black, haying only four small white points, which are probably accidental.” Top of head black, whitish behind the eye. A band from the eye above posterior labial. Belly whitish, blotehed with black. Mountain region from Virginia southward. ANCISTRODON PiscrvorUs (Moccasin). .........-. Aeereomo 204 Crotalus piscivorus LaC., 1789, Quad. Ovip. Serp., II, pp. 180, 424. Tri- gonocephalus piscivorus Holbr., 1838, Herp., II, 63, pl. 13, — 1842, Herp., III, 33, pl. 7; D. & B., 1854, Erp., VII, 1491; Mart., 1856, Mus. Berl., 35; Jan, 1859, Rev. Mag. Zo6l., Extr., p. 29, — 1863, Sist., 125, — 1874, Icon., livr. 46, pl. 4, f. 2-4. Cenchris piscivorus Gray, 1849, Cat. Snakes, 16;. Gthr., 1858, Cat., 267. Toxicophis piscivorus B. & G., 1853, Serp., 19; Bd., 1859, P. R. R. Rep., X, Whipple’s, 40, pl. 25, f. 3. Aneistrodon piscivorus Cope, 1859, Pr. Phil. Ac., 336, — 1877, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 64, — 1880, Bull. 20, U. 8. Mus., 24. Ancistrodon pis- civorus subsp. piscivorus Cope, 1875, Checklist, 84. Acontias leucostomus Troost, 1833, Ann. N. Y. Lye., 111,176. South Carolina to Texas. SYSTEMATIC LIST AND SYNONYMY. 179 SOLENOGLYPH A—Continued. Wein HECROS 9.5 5 Oop Deo D 0 66010 0 5 0.0 SOLO non on On CmcECnOmOIG Toxicophis pugnax B. & G., 1853, Serp., pp. 20, 156; Bd., 1859, P. R. R Rep., X, pl. 25, f£. 14. Voxicophis piscivorus subsp. pugnax Cope, 1875, Checklist, 34. Trigonocephalus piscivorus yar. pugnax Jan, 1863, Sist., 125. No loreal. Second labial with a narrow edge or acute angle at the mouth. ‘Phird and fourth labials in orbit. Light olive-brown above; yellowish, with brownish blotches on each side, beneath. Tail black. About thirty blotches of darker on the back. Margins irregular, often indistinct. Cheek band obsolete. Ventrals 145. Subcaudals 22, plus 23 pairs. fcales in 25 rows. Texas. JAX(IRIMOMON MINOR G of oO Goo ob USO eo ou ob oo oO Guenther, 1863, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 364; Cope, 1865, Pr. Phil. Ac., 191; Sumichrast, 1881, Bull. Soc. Zodl. de France, 185. “Shining deep black, with scattered white spots, arranged in nar- row, distant, transverse bands; the white spots are more numerous and irregular on the belly; a yellow line runs from the rostral along the canthus rostralis and the supraciliary edge to behind the angle of the mouth, ) 1 1 ms ie alleghaniepsis. . . . . 54, 152) allen 55 G8 c-O 0 guakis dee Alytes. - +. +... 0 SOO oalolitia 6 6 6 0 o Goo o ~ lls) amaurus.. . O15 D460 156 Amblymetopon. ota Bc Oke Amblyrhynchus ... . - + Xl Ona aod po ao DB CANOE Wey Amphiuma ...... « -XXIX Amphisbaena ... . Xv Amyda....-..2-:e«.e. VI Anasime. .... =; 151 Ancistrodon . XXVI, Anguis’= <9. 3% « - « 110, 120, 177 es] bey WLW angustirostris . ...... 159 annectens . . + «+ + - 150 iNmMEL § 5 6 oo oo KV J@minialIGeey oo depo oda Say annulata, Contia. 91, 164 annulatum, Sibon . . 17, 135 annulatus, Diadophis. . 70, 158 annulatus, Heterodon.. . . 160 annulatus, Ophibolus . . 156 Anoliidae.. <<. 8s os) RIV Anomalepis. . . .. 2, 4, 129 anthracinus. ...- - XV Aura) =) <) oe) - 1o SXCVILI- Kk apiatus ....--. - -106, 169 Aploaspis. ..+++-+- 175 INwyeikia og 6 A pbeo oso Besainon dmtineis 6 a 6% 0 cla au lil amyl...» +-+.+. + 72, 158 asper.. - - « « «-» « « 124, 180 Aspidonectes « 4s ONGL tr Oeltes oN8! Ryne OO OD ag oo oo Lity) “ing@ucis 980 9 GO oO cmomonon way Atricaudatus. ......- 17d LINDA ARONECDs ¢ 60 od ao 0 o Uae) Atropos. . =. - . 126, 180 atrox, Crotalus. . 114, 172 atrox, Trigonocephalus . 124, 180 Pinkie o lnlie oo 0ao 1d 136 auribundus .....-. 50, 150 aurigulus ..... - 44, 148 B. bairdii, Elaphis . .... - 162 bairdii, Salvadora . 145 balteata . 56 157 baronis-muelleri . fuse, AED Bascanium ...... 40, 146 Basiliscus. . . 505 EXTVi basiliscus, Crotalus o own we lz basimaculatus . Bo oo oe LEY Bastard Turtle. .....- VII Batrachian. oe = « XXVII Batrachians.. 2 6 ©. 3. = IL Bellophise se.) esl) eee LOO DellonawmemmiMemene - Oo) LOU Bergenia .....- 162 bertholdi .... 79, 161 bicolor, Geophis . . 102, 167 bicolor, Pelamys. - 109, 170 bifasciatus. 165 bilineatus, Aarcistcodone 179 bilineatus, Coluber. .. 149 bimaculata.. . . F 87, 163 bipunctata, Coronella. . 63, 154 bipunctatus, Tropidonotus. . 138 bipunctiger 650 0.0, Aes biscutatum .....- 16, 134 Black Snake - . xix, 41, 146 Black Snake, Pilot. . ... 151 IwOdikl 6 6 6 oo 6.0 op Bey IBD ase Fodtel te Ss Lon inNaeS a oO O o-oo. t/q tg Jee [dotqnor, Golo oO Oo oo o Ii 3othriechis . . .- - 180 3othriopsis bt 180 Bothrophera. . . XXIn, 110, 170 Bothrops. + + 79; 180 loointKeamece OO) OL 6 iq eit boylii. ....-.- 69, 157 Brachyorrhos . - elon Rival 5.6 6 OOsplo ule 13 ial oko G.o ddd >O.0.¢ BURIOm 1) teh eile XXX Bull Snake... .. 150 C. cacodaemon....+. + 160 (Chisailigh. of 6 te OF Od ore. Vane Calamianiae cis» i =) LOD, calamarina . . 5 oe Hhi5 as! Calamarinae. . . XXII, 11, 81, 161 Calemys. -... meron AV, californiae. . . aS a 6. liny/ calligaster, Elaphis. eke), tatete LOS calligaster, Ophibolus. . 66, 15 Calopiswae seen ote uel to Orin oo G 3D Cada oO esi lp CHEE 6 Gee Om Oana. IE) Carphophiops «+ «+ + 166 Carphophis . . 99, 166 earolinianus .- 152 easeavella. . oD 10 171 catenatus, $ Seytale me) 79 catenatus . F :118, 176 Catemiterme aes re) eis 4) 02) 150) catesbyi - 160 Catostoma. 167 Caudisona, Sistrurus . 176 Caudisona, Crotalus .. . 170 celaeno «= « ea Celutaeccs %. - 101, 166 Cemophora . -.. - 77, 160 ecenchoa. . . 14, 134 (Glandoiitsiad op orasa salir dyhsi cencoalt. . EL elot cerastes - 7 L675) Ceratophora. .... .-% + XIII Ceratophrys. .. + + - XXX cerberus. - - taro ep llivic cerebripunctatus. - 107, 169 Chain Snake. 68, 156 Chamaeleonidae . xI Changes of color. x OMG Soo ge o 8c ctothy 1G Cheilorhina... « 85, 162 Chelonia < VII Chelydra’. .. . Once A Chersodromus . 95, 165 Chicken Snake... . - >) Ala} Chilabothrus.. . .. . xv, 132 Chilomeniscus. ...- - 166 Chilopoma. .... - 136 Chionactis... . . 164 Chirotes. XVI Chlamydosaurus. » KID ELV, chlorophaea aire 161 Chlorosoma .°. 146 Churchillia .. Mae daloe Wen! eincta. 0 - 100, 166 Cinosternum. VI Cistudo: . = = « Sita’ siete SaUd clarkii BA, Cech ee clericus. . ae Babs 515) eloelia.. . . 6. oo tha Tile}s) Cnemidophorus be geh ioe Dee Coach-whip Snake . 147 coccinea, Cemophora 78, 160 coceinea, Coronella. . . 154, 155 Canes oo a Go. g Ue ak) Coleonyx .--+-+-+e-s XIr collaris, Ninja. . . - - 95, 165 collaris, Tropidonotus. . 25, 139 Colpochelys - Vie ati ht! @oluber. «<:%.- 40, 146 Xx, 11, 133 . xxit, 11, 37, 145 79, 161 Colubridae. . Colubrinae colubrinus, Xenodon. .« 182 compressicaudus. . . . 27, 142 compressus ...-+-s.--. 152 compsolaemus... - 142 coneinnus. . - «+ - 140 Myteily So 5 6 6 175 confinis. . «+ ~ « 152 confluentus ... - Coniophanes. ....... 154 conjuncta... - 157 Conocephalus . . - 166 Conocerca. - Conolophus ..... + x1 Gonopsis= = « > =) = «© « Soy 168 CONSOISh -e) e *) cle 176 constrictor, Boa. aly BR: constrictor, Coluber . xrx, 41, 146 Contia= . 2 - - = = 90); 163 GiiGree oo 6 So 120, 178 cooperi. «+... - 140 copel, Cemophora oe 78, 161 2 | - XXIII, rr, 104, 168 | INDEX. diyiniloguax =<... - - 132 docilis. . . Bas i doliatus, Ophibolus. . 64, 154 doliatus, triangulus var. . 66, 155 doliatus, Oxyrhopus .« 19, 136 dorsalis . . , eet os Draco. A Bo. oe Os01 Dromicusi. .. 2 4 <= - 0b; alos drummondi.......-. 144 Dasitiio 8 6 5 o doo oo JID Drymobius . . Ais a. 5 a s2o oO Ooo Teh) GiMeMet area a. nH 6 a lei) 'dumerilii | <<. 5 = «| « loses shiaSitig og oo 0 6 6 onlilil, ma) Ghisksptiq Asal o oo o 5 5a) Hie! diysopes. = <-. =. = 158 E. Gina Geo oo a Ome ee Blaphis. . = - Rane 53, 151 Blapidae ..... . - 104, 168 Blapochrus ..... - 157 BIApoMes'. «6. cae wae sees LOO elapoides, Liophis . . . 69, 157 Elapomorphus. ... - 89, 163 Elaps - Oa - 104, 168 elapsoideus - .. - 65, 155 elegans, Elaps - - LOSS) 169 elegans, Pityophis ..... 1651 elegans, Tropidonotus.. . . 140 elegans, Virginia. . . 98, 166 Sean cet: 6.0 OvOro os 9 HEY copei, Storerla. .. . dl, 143 Gophias bes Gan epuo. oe 180 Copperhead . ~ 1205 178 fos hype geo St be atisin MES) Corallinus = = = 6 J 107 coronata, Tantilla Boo ets aie coronatus, Spilotes . - 149 Coronellinae. . . xxu, 11, 59, 154 Corn Snake 55, 152 | Corrections. . . 128 | Coryghodon. 146 | couchii, Eutaenia. . 139 | couchii, Nerodia . 141 cooperil . . 48, 149 Craspedocephalus - 179, 180 Crotalidae .. . . xxui, 110, 170 Crotalini. . . . a 170 crotalinus, Craspedocephalus, 179 | Crotalinus, Crotalus. 170 Crotaloidea . . . : 170 C ‘rotalophorus, Crotalus. 170 Crotalophorus, Sistrurus, 118, 176 Crotalus... - xxvi, 110,170 eyanurus 2 eo sae ize! OMICS 6.76 060 6 6G Gg IU) @yclodus-yap creme (lem ae Cyclophis . 39, 146 cyclopium. ...... 26, 142 cyrtopsis.<. 3 - .. 138) 140 Cystignathidae. Goo 6 aXGXEX D. Dactylethra PexeRK: daudinii. ate 136 decoratus, Diadophis -« fl, 158 decoratus, Elaps . - 108, 169 decurtata 39, 145 Oupbreeo 6 o 6 0c oa, Lh) Emiyse ee Acai oe con. Me Enicognathus O40 O-oh ono a ES enyo .. PS osoy 0 174 ephippicus. Sooo oo oro liste) episcopa.. = « % o « « » 94; 164 epistema-. = =") <9. ~ «106; 169 erebennus: -f5 3 6 - 2» = 149 Eretmochelys . V, VII IDNA 6 6 nua oO Soa otis Iii DROME 5 'oyoehlo aoe 6 U3) erythrogaster <=... 26; 141 erythrogrammus. .« 35, 144 erythrolamprus ... .- 63, 154 Kudromus. ....... . 154 Dmsceehes G a ceo. oo 6 IBY Gyersol oo o den 0 Od ofa IS OVC ou o GOs oO Deb oe OAs | Birmeces'"=7 6) se ew de Filippii. 161 | degenhardtii. . . 162 GEkavil cs teat meno lek aon) Dendrophinae . . xxt, 11, 20, 136 deppei, Elapochrus. 5) oe omen lay deppei, Pityophis. . Sg Wail diademata. 96, 165 Diadophis. 70, 158 diastema z 107, 169 dimidiatus, Leptognathus, 14, 154 dimidiatus, Ninia. : Diplodactylus PETS GYT jx te, 10's KET Dipsadinae . F22.08 sae Dipsaey. “sieiems, coh elanleye lon CisColors, Ws tee) tied lo edoo distans *. . . » « » « - 105, 168 Givaricatus. < 95 “wv to ss 165 | 168 | Drees oo Renenen oe cea OS euryxanthus. . 169 (hIvwhiyao aon Aa choo 155 ees 6 56 4 ac 174 lebron co esos o o Oo oo lle bb i OG bo oo iol EY See oo ao ad a Oe din fasciata, Farancia . . .- 144 fasciata, Tropidodipsas.. . . 188 fasciatus, Eumeces: -... XV iatus, Leptognathus. . 12, 133 sciatus, Tropidonotus. . . 141 PASCINAELON ee cen ke te et ROLY, Ficimia., < 29. ae 81, 161 fissidens. . . 62, 154 fitziNngeriv. (esos © uc, = LOG flagelliformis... . 42, 147 flawelinm® gier sc) waste) sels Lan flavigularis. . . » « « «+ - 148 flavilabris. ... flavilatus .. . flaviventris . . floridanuin, Lepidosternum . floridanus, Coluber. foxil. . . Scene freminy illei 50 fremontii Freshwater Turtles. frontalis . 4 fulvius.... MhYAvtInehS A oo 5 oS fumiceps- = - .-- G. Garter Snake . .. Geceo. . . Gecconidae . .. . gentilis . «ss. Geophis... +. (ileal: 4 6605 Gerrhonotus « ee getulus . glaphyros... . Glass Snake . . OTACIIES Usk ce mmCee grahamii, Regina. . grahamii, Salvadora Green Snake . Ground Snakes. . . oh ete ay te we | Ground Snake. . . guentheri . ) | guttatus, Elaphis. . | Gyalopion . . Gypochelys . . .- sae H. haematois'. <5 = -.. Haldea <3 hallowellii. . .. hammondi.. . . . Harlequin Snake. . harperti. - lakiniutho g 8 0.0.0 | haydeni. | heermanni. . . helenae’. . = . = = | Helicops.. . . . .« 187 | Hylodes. .... Heloderma. . . Helodermidae. . - Herpetodryas . . - Herpeton . . > Heterodon. . ... hexalepis . Hog-nose Snake .- holbrookii, Elaphis - « holbrookii, Nerodia. Homalocranion. . Homalopsis . . Homalosoma .. . Horned Toads « oeult o A oo 5 Hibernation. . . hickanella. . THierophis. . .. - Highland Moecasin Himantodes . histrionicus . .- « IGvewiwir ng ug oo Hydrophidae . Hydrophis. . . . Hydrops. - .. « Hydrus. . «= « Hylidae. .... VR OSomlos . «= 42, 147 XVI Aacwer. onlay ao es La 85, 162 . oo AT, fe - 82, 161 - - 105, 168 71, 158 - 163 ote Eas Bice oe Sik = & Gee - , 66, 15d . « 101, 16% . 47, 149 5 Oc. «= (GS uLog See a 1) a, SEG 87, 162 Be on tein. tt) =) ee OAD: Be gale 1S Pete te 8 Ot Pay oe ley . 63, 154 5 55, 152 ~ nso mG a UE et wueveloO) Saat AS A oo, allah) terete. et) - - 105, 168 « « -99) 166 =) sp +) ees Boe, init) - - 100, 166 6 6 Sy 1L5 Briere | Sar oo ee Peper oy ol: '} «eee xxi, 74, 159 . 89, 145 79, 159 sy een oe cas. oMennnlene 162, 163 ye, aki! = enelG4: 3 XIV co 115, 174 XVIII Sede ils} Seay: 3 Sen hiya ~ a La se «ks, TS Ppurcie «ot - - 109, 169 otal eee a « OS ae ssn, ee Seceorle es Be. 0. ¢ —— a Hypsiglena ..... hypostema. .... - Ichthyodi. ..... Idiotyphlops. . ..- - Iguana . > - Tetanidae) yee) i) © Imperator. . . . « « imperialis. . .. - « ANPOLNGLISH =) kel ee) le inornata, Virginia inorn: tus, C ‘hilabothreu u . . . . XVIT intermedius, Crotalus. Tees ose ao Geo Ischnognathus.. . . IOZONa . . 2 2 2 6 ISG MICa. yele ha mn ? < x ayy ( |. REGINA LEBERIS 2 3. NERODIA SIPEDON DIADOPHIS PUNCTATUS {. N. CYCLOPLON L.Trouvelot dol Printed by AMeino: 1. PHYLLOPHILOPHIS AESTIVUS, 2. EU'TAENIA SAURITA, 3. E. SIRTALIS, 4, CYCLOPHIS VERNALIS |. ELAPHIS GUTTATUS, 2. ELAPHIS OBSOLETUS, 3-COLUBER CONSTRICTOR. a _ ————_ 0. DOLIATUS 9 L. OPHIBOLUS TRIANGULUS, 4-0. SAYL. 0. GETULUS, , oO. L-Trouvelot del L. CEMOPHORA COCCINEA, 4. HETERODON SIMUS, 2. CONTIA EPISCOPA, 5. H. PLATYRHINUS, 3. TANTILLA GRACILIS, 6. H. Nasicus. PL.VI Printed by AMeisel 1 It P1.VI Se ee eS LTrouvelor dol 3. V. VALERIAE, . VIRGINIA STRIATULA, Ce ]. CARPHOPHIS AMOENA CONTIA PYGAEA HELICOPS ALLENI 4. AN!) aN t aN WM id ty ARID a NPR —_— il | ANCISTRODON CONTORTRIX, 2. A. PISCIVORUS Var. PUGNAX re) . Be i = oe - wi ae +. - ’ . . \\ Ny KI} NN 25 Nig A i I i »K A i \ IN I ay \l iM Ni i i 1 \ = — ~~ 2 1. CROTALUS HORRIDUS vat ATRICAUDATUS QL Harvard University. Museum of Comparative Zoology H35 Memoirs v.8 Biological & Medical Serials PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY STORAGE ees Se EA re Na urd sate Et ve ae tion Be