ii, Ss Rica at chee : wt hed Selmi sat ye 7 Seal f Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from University of Toronto http://www.archive.org/details/memoirs18harv MEMOIRS MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY AT HARVARD COLLEGE VOLE XVI CAMBRIDGE, U.S. A. PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM. 1895. tet University Press: Joun Witson anv Son, Camper, U.S. A. CONTENTS. REPORTS ON AN EXPLORATION OFF THE WEST COASTS OF MEXICO, CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA, AND OFF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS, in charge of ALEXANDER AGassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer ‘* Albatross,” during 1891, Lieut.-Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., Commanding. XV. Tue SraLK-EYED Crustacea. By Water Faxon. 292 pp., 67 Plates. April, 1895. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology AT HARVARD COLLEGE. Vol) X Vill. ERRATA. On Plate VI., for AZTHUSA PUBESCENS read A THUSA LATA. On Plate VIL, for RHINOLITHODES CRISTATIPES read GLYPTOLITHODES CRISTATIPES. On Plate VII., for ECHINOCERUS DIOMEDE read PARALOMIS DIOMEDE. On Plate VIII., for PARALOMIS ASPERA read LEPTOLITHODES ASPER. On Plate IX., for PARALOMIS LONGIPES read LEPTOLITHODES LONGIPES. CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A.: Printed for the {M#useum. APRIL, 1895. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zodloqy AT HARVARD COLLEGE. Vol. XVIII. REPORTS ON AN EXPLORATION OFF THE WEST COASTS OF MEXICO, CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA, AND OFF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS, IN CHARGE OF ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, BY THE U. S. FISH COMMISSION STEAMER ‘“ ALBATROSS,” DURING 1891, LIEUT.-COMMANDER Z. L. TANNER, U.S. N., COMMANDING. XV. THE STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. By WALTER FAXON. WITH SIXTY-SEVEN PLATES, Ten of which are colored, and one Chart. [Published by Permission of Marsnatry McDonatp, U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries.] CAMBRIDGE, U.S. A.: Printed for the f#useum. AprIL, 1895. CONTEN Es: Pace Systematic ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES ... ... « « s 6 « « « « 5-230 IDE CAP OD AMI amt «opts. fo cbs Oo oe i eee RIN Ty aber s: 5-215 SCHIZORODAMMEEEME sant Lone), “Am. Gen du ay Neummoneieig. Gre hos ase wlb=299 STOM ALOR OD AGRE MN <1: GOES, Res eer Be Oo ees “ce ay ee tie ees, eh bak Se 230 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ON THE DISTRIBUTION ........ . . 281-250 Coors or THE Drrep-Sea CRUSTACEA. . «© ........ .. « « 251-955 List oF SPECIES ARRANGED ACCORDING TO GEOGRAPHICAL Reaions. . . . 256-259 TABLE SHOWING THE BATHYMETRICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE DIFFERENT Species 260-263 RECORD OF SUBMARINE Tow-NET STATIONS. . .........68. 264 RECORD OF DREDGING AND TRAWLING STATIONS. . ...... =. =... £265,266 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES Een GaMetites Me, Acly hts ek et Te le LOL seo INDEXHORIGENERA AND SPECIES . = + 6 5 © 6 6 « 8 «© @ 8 « 5 « « 200-292 > “a Wi = el hs is , 5 - adi vhs a a. 4 “7 vy =wT : Ps _ "te 7 4 L— 7 ~ J) J r STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. ORDER PODOPHTHALMA. SusporpeR DECAPODA. Famity MAIID A. LEPTOPODIA Leacz. Zodlog. Misc., II. 15, 1815. Leptopodia debilis S»irn. Ann. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci. for 1869 and 1870, p. 87, 1871. Two specimens, male and female, were collected at low tide on the reef at Panama, March 12. Leptopodia debilis is one of the many littoral Crustacea of Panama that are represented by very closely allied species on the Atlantic side of the Isthmus. It is distinguished from Leptopodia sagittaria (Fabr.), its Atlantic represen- tative, chiefly by its shorter hand, relatively longer fingers, and greater breadth across the branchial region of the carapace. The rostrum is usually shorter and inclined upward more than in JL. sagiltaria; but in the type specimen (M. C. Z. No. 3948, g, Polvon, Nicaragua), it is exceptionally long, — more than one and a half times as long as the rest of the carapace. In average specimens of JL. debilis the rostrum is about equal in length to the rest of the carapace. The difference in the form of the male abdomen in L. debilis and in Milne Edwards’s figure of LZ. sagittaria (Cuvier’s Régne Animal, Disciples’ ed., Crustacea, Plate XXXVI. Fig. 1°), noted by Smith, arises from the inaccuracy of the figure, not from any real difference between the two species, which are alike in this regard. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. oO Leptopodia debilis has been found to the northward of Panama as far as the northern extremity of the Gulf of California, lat. 31° 22’ N. A similar or possibly identical form, L. modesta A. M. Edw.,* occurs on the coast of Chile. The bathymetrical range of Leptopodia debilis, so far as known, extends from low-water mark down to 29 fathoms. JZ. sagitaria has been recorded from as great a depth as 814 fathoms.t EUPROGNATHA Srimps. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., IT. 122, 1870. Euprognatha granulata Fax. Plate I., Fig. 1, 1°. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXTV. 149, 1893. The carapace is coarsely granulated and furnished with a few scattered sete; there are two erect blunt spines in the median line of the carapace, one of them arising from the gastric region, the other from the cardiac region ; in front of the gastric spine is seen a transverse row of four or five tubercles, which are somewhat larger and more prominent than the granules which cover the general surface of the carapace ; from the middle of each branchial area there springs a spine which is longer than those in the median line, and curved slightly forward at the tip; there is also a smaller lateral spine below and a little in advance of this; the hepatic area bears a short, blunt, granulated spine on its most prominent part, and three or four promi- nent tubercles on the angle which divides it from the pterygostomian area ; the antennal spine is very long, reaching some distance beyond the rostral horns, while the interantennular and lateral rostral horns are of about an equal length ; the supraocular spines are well developed, and, like the anten- nal spine and the three horns of the rostrum, have a distinctly granulated surface ; the postocular spines are even more coarsely tuberculated, and when viewed from above their margins are laciniated. The lower face of the basal segment of the antenna is granulated, and furnished beside with two to three spinules; the outer maxillipeds are also granulated. The sur- : A Milne Edwards, Etudes sur les Xiphosures et les Crustacés de la Région Mexicaine, p. 178, 1878 (Miss. Sci. au Mex. 5%™* Partie, T. I.). Milne Edwards treats both Z, modesta and L, debilis as varieties of L. sagitlaria. + Miers, Rep. Challenger Brachyura, p. 4, 1886. SPHENOCARCINUS AGASSIZI. 7 face of the abdomen is thickly beset with larger bead-like tubercles; the first segment bears a prominent, granulated, blunt, median spine, and there is a rudiment of one on the three following segments. The chela is slender and covered with small tubercles; the other segments of the cheliped and all the ambulatory legs are provided with small spines, tubercles, and scattered curled sete. The spines attain their greatest development on the merus joints of the legs, the largest of all being on the proximal half of the merus of the chelipeds and at the distal end of the merus of the ambulatory legs. Length of carapace, 7 mm.; breadth, 6 mm. Station 3369.* 52 fathoms. 2 fem. ovig. The genus Luprognatha is represented in the West Indian region by four species (LZ. rastellifera Stimps., EL. inermis A. M. Edw., E. gracihpes A. M. Edw., and £. acuta A. M. Edw.), from depths ranging from 27 to 248 fathoms. The present species may be distinguished from all of these by its coarsely granulated carapace and abdomen, taken in connection with the laciniated and granulated spines of the frontal region, etc. One species, Huprognatha bifida Rathb.,f has been recently described from the Gulf of California, 29-40 fathoms. It may be distinguished by the absence of an interan- tennular spine. SPHENOCARCINUS A. M. Epw. Crustacés de la Région Mex., p. 185, 1878. Sphenocarcinus agassizi Rarus. Plate [, Fig. 3, 3". Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI. 231, 1893. In this species the whole surface of the body and limbs is clothed with a short, close pubescence. The rostral horns are Jong, horizontal, and termi- nate in blunt points. A more or less broken, longitudinal, rounded ridge runs along the median line of the carapace, from the base of the rostrum to the intestinal region, rising into a prominent tubercle on the gastric area. A transverse flattened tubercle on the cardiac region, and two roundish ones on each branchial region. The antero-lateral margin of the carapace is armed with four prominent tubercles or large teeth (counting the one at the external orbital angle); these teeth increase in size successively from * A full record of the stations will be found on pp. 264-266. + Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI. 231, 1898. 8 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. the first to the last one. The upper margin of the orbit is thickened and produced into a blunt preocular tooth. The outer margin of the pterygo- stomian region is furnished with two or three rounded tubercles. The merus of the chelipeds has two short spines at the proximal end on the superior border and one at the distal extremity ; otherwise the limbs are unarmed ; the fingers of the chela are short, gape slightly at the base, and have blunt tips; no teeth on cutting edges. Length of carapace, including rostrum, 39 mm.; length of rostrum, 16 mm.; breadth of carapace, including lateral teeth, 28 mm. Station 3368. 66 fathoms. 1 male. Sphenocarcinus corrosus A. M. Edw., the type of this genus, was taken near the Barbadoes in 100 fathoms during the voyage of the “ Hassler,” and near The two specimens secured ”? the same locality in 94 fathoms by the “ Blake. are females. In S. agassizi there is a blunt preocular tooth, wanting in the typical species. The ends of the rostral horns do not lie in exactly the same plane in the single example before me, but this is probably due to accidental malformation. The abdomen (male) is seven-jointed. In both species there is a narrow fissure in the upper margin of the orbit, just anterior to the postocular tooth. Sphenocarcinus agassizi was also obtained by the “ Albatross” in 1889, in the Gulf of California, at depths of 14 and 71 fathoms. ANAMATHIA Smiru. Amathia Roux, Crustacés de la Méditerranée, 1" Livr., 1828 (xom. pr@oc.). Anamathia Suitu, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., VII. 493, 1884. Anamathia occidentalis Fax. Plate T, Hig Zace Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., XXIV. 150, 1893.” Carapace piriform, strongly arched when viewed in profile, its surface clothed with tuberculiform cutaneous vesicles * and with delicate setae which are hooked at their tips. The spines and tubercles of the carapace are arranged as follows: four on the gastric region, two of which are in the median line and one on each side; the posterior median has the form of a blunt tubercle, from which a blunt low keel runs back to the cardiac region ; * Like those on the carapace of Anamathia carpenteri (Norman), described and figured by G. O. Sars, Norske Nordhavs-Exped., Crustacea, I. 7, Plate I. Fig. 7, 1885. ANAMATHIA OCCIDENTALIS. 9 one in the middle of the cardiac region; one (tubercle) on the intestinal region; one on each hepatic region; five on each branchial region. Of the branchial spines the one near the middle projects upward and forward, and is the longest spine on the carapace, being one half as long as the rostral horns; behind and inside of this there is a short, rather blunt spine in a transverse line with its fellow and the cardiac spine; the three remaining branchial spines are arranged in a triangle on the anterior part of the branchial area; those nearest the median line on the branchial areas are short and blunt — tubercles rather than spines. In addition to these promi- nent spines and tubercles of the carapace, there are four or five small tubercles on the outer border of the pterygostomian region. The rostrum is produced into two divergent awl-shaped horns, which are more than one fourth the length of the remaining portion of the carapace. The pre- ocular spines are well developed and acute, the postocular processes obtuse. The basal segment of the antenna projects at the antero-external angle in the form of a short, blunt spine or tubercle. The antero-external angle of the buccal area projects, but does not form a dentiform process. The cheli- peds are twice as long as the carapace, minus the rostral horns, and are but little more robust than the ambulatory limbs; the chela is a little longer than the merus, the basal part cylindrical, the distal part gradually widening a little to the base of the fingers; the fingers are slightly curved, less than one half as long as the basal portion, smooth, prehensile edges regularly dentate, closing throughout their length. The first ambulatory appendages exceed the chelipeds by the length of the terminal joint; the other pairs are successively shorter, the last pair being shorter than the chelipeds. The merus of all the legs has a small tubercular projection at the distal end above, most prominent on the anterior pair. The carpus of the chelipeds has two low ridges on the outer face; otherwise the legs are unarmed, but they are closely invested with minute papilla, like the carapace. The abdomen is seven-jointed. Length of carapace, without the rostral horns, 45 mm.; breadth of cara- pace, 388 mm.; length of rostral horns, 12 mm.; length of longest branchial spine, 7 mm. Station 3404. 385 fathoms. 1 male. In the unique type specimen, the left hind leg has been broken off and restored. The chelipeds and the first pair of ambulatory appendages are unsymmetrical, the left being longer than the right. 2 10 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. The name Anamathia has been substituted by Professor S. I. Smith for Amathia Roux, as the latter name had been previously used in another sense by Lamouroux. The type species of the genus is Amathia rissoana Roux from the Mediterranean Sea. Nine other species have been referred to the genus, viz.: A. hystrix Stimps., A. modesta Stimps., Seyra umbonata Stimps., A. crassa A. M. Edw. (= A. agassizii Smith), A. tannert Smith, — all from the east coast of North America and the Caribbean Sea, A. carpentert Norman from the coast of Europe, A. pulchra Miers from the Philippine Islands, A, livermorii W-M. from the Bay of Bengal, and A. occidentalis Fax. from near the Galapagos Archipelago. Most of them have been taken in rather deep water (88 to 561i fathoms). When all these species are compared with each other, considerable differences are observable as regards the structure of the orbital region, the armature of the basal antennal segment and the carapace, etc. In the typical species, A. rissoana, the upper surface of the carapace is rather flat, and armed with long, sharp spines; the basal anten- nal segment is unarmed; the upper margin of the orbit projects but slightly over the eye, and there is no preocular spine. In A. hystrix the carapace is more convex both in the longitudinal and transverse axes, and is armed with very long sharp spines; the basal antennal segment is produced into a blunt spine or tooth at its antero-external angle; the supraorbital margin or brow overhangs the orbit no more than it does in A. 77ssoana, but there is a long and sharp preocular spine. In A. crassa the carapace is strongly arched, and the spines with which it is furnished are short; the basal seg- ment of the antenna is armed with two spines, one at the distal, the other near the proximal end; there is a preocular spine, and the upper border of the orbit beetles further over the eye than it does in A. rissoana and A. hystrix, but still falls short of forming that perfect roof bounded behind by an almost transverse fissure, such as is seen in the typical species of Hyastenus and Navia. In A. umbonata, A. carpenteri, and A. occidentalis, the conformation of the orbits and the convexity of the carapace are much the same as in A. crassa, but the basal joint of the antenna is unarmed, and in the two former (wmbonata and carpenteri) some of the spines of the carapace are transformed into flattened tubercles. For these two species A. Milne Edwards * has proposed to establish a new genus Seyramathia. G. O. Sars t adopts the genus Scyramathia, and adds to it Amathia crassa. He places the genus in the Maiine group, in close proximity to Hyastenus. * Comptes Rendus de l’Acad. Sci., Paris, XCI. 356, 1880. + Norske Nordhavs-Dxped., Crustacea, I. 1, 274, 1885. MAIOPSIS. st The orbital region of A. hystrix does not differ from that of A. rissouna but for the presence of a prxocular spine, a character which by itself cannot be considered of generic importance, as Mr. Miers admits.* Through hystrix we pass by a gentle transition to such species as wnbonata, carpenteri, and crassa (species placed in the genus Seyramathia), in which the orbit is better defined through the projection of the brow. Thus the passage from the Inachine to the Maiine type is so gradual as hardly to justify a family division such as is proposed by Mr. Miers. In the series of species, all of which are assigned to the genus Anamathia, family Inachidic, by Mr. Miers $ (rissoana, hystrix, pulchra, crassa), we pass from the strictly Inachine orbit of rissoana to an orbit like that of crassa, which is practically the same as that of Chorila longipes, a species assigned by Miers to the genus Hyastenus in the family Made. The orbital region is subject to a great amount of variation even in a single species (A. wnbonata), so that within the bounds of mere individual variation the passage is made from the Inachine to the Maine type of orbit as exhibited in Chorilia. § MAIOPSIS Fax. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., XXIV. 150, 1893. Carapace subtriangular, as broad as long, spinose; rostrum produced anteriorly into two divergent horns with an accessory spine upon their outer margins; interorbital space broad. Kyes small, eyestalks slender, retractile within the orbits. Orbits large, with a forward aspect, incomplete below, the upper margin prominent, with two deep fissures, and supraocular spines. Epistome short. Basal segment of antennx very broad, with three prominent spines upon its anterior margin; flagellum of the antenne widely separated from the cavity of the orbit by a broad process of the basal seg- ment. Merus of outer maxillipeds notched at the antero-internal angle. Legs of moderate length ; carpus of chelipeds elongated, not carinated ; chela elongated and slender, fingers canaliculate within, but not spoon-shaped at their tips, their prehensile edges meeting throughout most of their length, * Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zo6l., XIV. 658, 1879. + Op. cit., p. 640. £ Challenger Brachyura, p. 26, 1886. § See M. J. Rathbun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII. 61, 62, Plate I., 1894. Cf. Fig. 3 (orbit of A. umbonata) with Fig. 1 (also 4. umbonata), and then ef. Fig. 1 with Fig. 5 (Chorilia longipes). 12 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. - not distinctly toothed; ambulatory legs spinose. Abdomen (male) seven- jointed, terminal joint short and broad. This genus is proposed for the reception of an interesting Maioid dredged in 182 fathoms on the west coast of the Isthmus of Panama. It combines in one form characters of the genera Maia, Cyclumaia, Paramnithrax (subg. Leplomithrax), and Schizophrys. In its general aspect it bears a close resemblance to M/awa, and the likeness is enhanced by the small eyes and slender eye-stalks, the elongated wrist and hand, and the short epistome. It differs from Maia in having a much broader carapace, a less deeply cloven rostrum, spinose legs, supraocular spines, and trenchantly in the exclusion of the antennal flagellum from the orbit by a process of the basal segment of the antenna, In the latter regard it agrees with the genus Cyclomaia, the basal segment of the antenna being very broad, three-spined on its distal border, and giving off a process which separates the flagellum from the orbit by a wide interval; it also agrees with Cyclomma in having a short epistome, a short and broad terminal abdominal segment, and supraocular spines. It differs from Cyclomaia by having a subtriangular carapace, longer rostral spines, and a less abruptly declivous front. It is like Paramithrax and Schizo- phrys in the exclusion of the basal antennal segment from the orbit, but this segment is much broader than in these genera, and three-spined ; moreover, Maiopsis differs from Paramithrax and Schizophrys in having a more broadly triangular carapace, supraocular spines, slenderer wrist and hand, less deeply cleft rostrum, and spinose ambulatory legs. Like Schizophrys and Maiedla, it has an accessory spine on each rostral horn. In the shape of the carapace Maiopsis is intermediate between Maa and Cyclomaia. In the form of the fingers it stands between Maia and Paramithrax on the one side and Schizo- phrys and Cyclomaa on the other, as the fingers, though canaliculate within, are but slightly excavated at the tips. The synthetic character of the species upon which this genus is based suggests the propriety of extending the scope of the genus Paramithrax so that it may embrace this form, together with Cyclomaia and Schizophrys. MAIOPSIS PANAMENSIS. 13 Maiopsis panamensis Fax. Plate II. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo]., XXIV. 151, 1893. Carapace subtriangular, as broad as long, convex, the anterior gastric region sloping rather abruptly down to the base of the rostrum, which is split about half way down to the front into two divergent horns; each ros- tral horn is armed with a stout basal spine directed upward and forward. The dorsal surface of the carapace is thickly set with spines of various sizes, and scattered hooked sete ; the largest spines are arranged as follows: five on the gastric region (three in the median line and two lateral), one on the geni- tal region, one on the cardiac region, four (three of which are submarginal) on the intestinal region, and about seven on each branchial region. The margin of the carapace is armed with about twelve prominent spines; three of these are on the hepatic region ; the posterior one is much smaller than the two in front of it, which are confluent at their bases. ‘The superior mar- gin of the orbit is deeply cut by two open fissures; the eyebrow is armed with two stout spines. The branchio-cardiac lines approach one another closely at the anterior end of the cardiac area. The basal segment of the antenne is very broad; its distal margin is armed with a strong internal spine directed downward and forward; a second spine, pointing obliquely forward, arises from the external angle ; while a third bifid spine lies between the other two; there are, besides, a few spinules on the lower side of this segment. The anterior margin of the third segment of the outer maxillipeds is denticulate. The sternum is ornamented with small tubercles along each side of the abdomen. The first abdominal segment is furnished with a bidentate tubercle. The legs are long, and covered with numerous spiny tubercles; the meri are armed with three more prominent spines at the distal end. The first ambulatory leg is the longest, the others decreasing in length successively from before backward. The carpus of all the four pairs of ambulatory appendages is marked with a dorsal longitudinal groove. The chela is long and slender, the tubercles on the hand smaller than on the other parts of the legs, while the fingers are nearly smooth, subcanaliculate, and blunt-tipped ; a deep pit is seen at the base of the movable finger. Length from base of rostrum to posterior margin of carapace, 112 mm. ; 14 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. breadth, 113.5 mm.; length of rostrum, 22 mm.; length of rostral horns, 11 mm.; breadth between eyebrows, 38 mm.; length of cheliped, 156 mm. (merus, 44.5 mm.; carpus, 25 mm.; propodus, 67 mm. ; dactylus, 25 mm.) ; length of second leg (first ambulatory), 195 mm. (merus, 62 mm., carpus, 32 mm. ; propodus, 40 mm., dactylus, 44 mm.) ; width of sternum, 72 mm. ; length of telson, 8.7 mm.; width of telson, 16.5 mm. Station 3355. 182 fathoms. 1 male. Famity PARTHENOPID i. LAMBRUS Leacu. rans. Linn. Soc. London, XI. 308, 310, 1815. Lambrus hassleri Fax. Pine TT Rigarl, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodél., XXIV. 152, 1893. The carapace is from one and a third to one and two fifths times as broad as long. A deep longitudinal depression separates the branchial from the gastric and cardiac regions and another separates the hepatic and branchial regions. The whole surface is tuberculous, granulated, and pitted. There are three large tubercles on the gastric region, one median and two smaller ones in a transverse line in front of the median. Three tubercles are found on the cardiac region in the median line, the middle one the largest. On the posterior margin there are three tubercles with smaller ones between them ; the three larger ones are placed, one in the middle line of the cara- pace, one on each side. The largest of the numerous tubercles which lie on the gastric area is placed on the most prominent central point; four or five smaller ones are disposed in a somewhat irregular diagonal row on the side of the deep depression which divides the branchial from the cardiac area. The rostrum is directed forward and downward at an obtuse angle with the axis of the body; it is constricted in front of the antennular pockets, leav- ing a dentiform tubercle on each side; there is also, in most examples, a rudimentary tubercle on each side of the rostrum near the tip; the upper side of the rostrum is excavated between the eyes. The upper border of the orbits exhibits two tubercles. The antero-lateral border of the cara- pace is armed anteriorly with rounded tubercles which pass into prominent LAMBRUS HASSLERI. 15 Jaciniated teeth posteriorly ; the largest of these teeth is situate at the lateral angle of the carapace. There is one yery prominent tooth on the postero- lateral margin, together with three or four smaller ones, The edges of the segments of the chelipeds are furnished with granulated spines and the ex- posed surfaces of all the segments are tuberculate ; on the lower face of the propodus the more prominent tubercles are arranged in a longitudinal median row. The merus joints of all the ambulatory appendages are spinulose on their upper and lower edges, and on the last pair there are also a few rudimentary spines or tubercles on the carpus and one near the middle of the upper margin of the propodus. Distinct traces of red transverse bands are to be seen on the upper surface of the cheliped, two on the merus, one on the carpus, one on the propodus, and one on the base of the dactylus. Abdomen tuberculous in both sexes, the most prominent tubercles being on the middle of each segment from the second to the sixth inclusive. Dimensions of a female: length of carapace, 27 mm.; breadth of cara- pace, including lateral teeth, 38 mm.; length of merus of cheliped, 30 mm. ; length of propodus of cheliped (to base of dactylus), 35 mm. Station 3368. 66 fathoms. 1 fem. GB Ue Teall) oH 1 male, 1 fem. This species was previously obtained during the voyage of the “ Hassler” at Magdalena Bay, Lower California, August 14, 1872. The specimens then collected (3 2, 1 2, dry) were apparently picked up dead on the shore. In three of these examples the more prominent tubercles on the carapace are longer and more spine-like than in those obtained by the “ Albatross.” Lambrus hassleri is the Pacific coast representative of L. pourtalesii Stimps. of the eastern coast of North America. The two species are very closely related, but Z. hassleri differs from the eastern form in the following par- ticulars: the carapace is broader in proportion to its length ; the branchial regions are more expanded and inflated, and this inflation extends further in toward the cardiac area, so as to involve the oblique row of small tuber- cles: that is to say, this row of tubercles, which in Z. pourtalesii lies low down in the fossa which separates the branchial from the cardiac area, is raised up in L. hassleri on the swell of the branchial region. The spines on the edges of the chelipeds, moreover, are not laciniated to such an extent as they are in L. pourtalesii. Professor S. I. Smith, misled by imperfections in A. Milne Edwards's figure of L. pourtalesii, has redescribed that species under the name of Lambrus ver- 16 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. rilli* have compared specimens of L. pourtalesti dredged by Stimpson and A. Agassiz (specimens that served Milne Edwards for description and figures) with specimens of LZ. verrill received from Professor Smith, and find them to be the same. JL. pourtalesii has been taken at depths of 40-134 fathoms off Martha’s Vineyard, Cape Hatteras, Florida, and the Antilles. Famity CANCRID AI. CANCER Liny. (restr.). Syst. Nat. ed. 10, I. 625, 1758. Restricted by Leacu, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XI. 308, 320, 1815. Cancer longipes Bett. Proc. Zodlog. Soc. London, III. 87, 1835; Trans, Zodlog. Soc. London, I. 337, Plates XLIII., XLVIIL. Fig. 1, 1835. Station 3585. 286 fathoms. 4 males. es 3389. 210 e 1 male, 1 fem. The largest specimen measures 137 mm. across the carapace. Cancer longipes has been known hitherto as a littoral species from Chile (Valparaiso) and Bolivia (Mexillones: specimens in Mus. Comp. Zodl.). The “ Albatross” specimens were dredged in the Bay of Panama; bottom tem- peratures 45.9° F. and 48.8° F. So Cancer borealis Stimps. of the northeastern coast of the United States and the British Provinces has been dredged in deep water (235 fathoms) off the coast of South Carolina, far to the south of its normal littoral range.t ACTAGA Der Haan. Siebold’s Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, p. 18, 1833. Actw#a dovii Srmprs. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., X. 104, 1871. One male, from the reef at Panama. * Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III. 415, 1881. + See Smith, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., X. 5, 1882. XANTHODES SULCATUS. Wf GLYPTOXANTHUS A. M. Epw. Crustacés de la Région Mex., p. 253, 1879. Glyptoxanthus labyrinthicus (Srimrs.). Actea labyrinthica Stimes., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VIL. 204, 1860. Glyptoxanthus labyrinthicus A. M. Epw., Crustacés de la Région Mex., p. 255, Plate XLIII. Fig. 4, 1879. One male, from the reef at Panama. XANTHODES Dana. Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI. 75, 1852; U.S. Explor. Exped , Crustacea, Pt. I., pp. 148, 175, 1852. Xanthodes sulcatus Fax. Plate IIL., Fig. 2, 2. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 152, 1893. The carapace is rather convex from before backward, granulated, the granulation heaviest on the lower surface and near the borders of the upper surface. Deeply impressed grooves separate the gastric from the branchial regions, and the mesogastric lobe from the lateral gastric lobes. The groove which continues in the median line to the front, anteriorly to the meso- gastric lobe, is crossed a short distance behind the frontal margin by a trans- verse groove which meets on either side another groove running parallel to the upper margin of the orbit. In this way there are marked off a pair of frontal and a pair of orbital areolets. The frontal margin is nearly straight, finely denticulated and separated from the orbital areolets by a groove. The margins of the orbit are also minutely denticulate, and there is a broadly open, triangular notch at the external orbital angle. The antero-lateral border of the carapace is armed with four spines or teeth, ENTS of Dana’s nomenclature, there being no tooth at the outer angle of the orbit; of these teeth, the first is the smallest, the third the largest, and the second and fourth are of about equal size ; the edges of all the teeth are denticulate. The lower margin of the orbit is produced into a prominent tooth at the inner angle. The basal joint of the antenna barely meets, by the inner angle of its distal end, a descending process of the frontal margin, and the next joint lies in, but does not nearly fill, the hiatus at the inner orbital angle. The merus of the outer maxillipeds is granulated like the under parts of the carapace. The chelipeds are short and unsymmetrical ; the 3 18 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. merus is granulated on its outer face, spinulose on the upper edge, and crooved near the articulation with the carpus; the carpus is granulated on its outer side and furnished with a median internal tooth; the propodus is inflated, granular along the superior margin and at the proximal end of the outer face where some of the granules are enlarged, and tubercular on the larger claw; the rest of the outer surface of the propodus is smooth in adult specimens. The meri of the ambulatory limbs are spinulose on their upper edges. Dimensions of a male: length of carapace, 8 mm.; breadth of cara- pace, 11 mm.; length of larger chela, 10 mm.; breadth of larger chela, 5 mm, Station 3355. 182 fathoms. 1 male, 1 fem. Se Gogke Nooras 1 male, 3 fem. PANOPEUS M. Epw. Hist. Nat. Crust., I. 403, 1834. Panopeus latus Fax. Plate L11., Fig. 3, 3*. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXIV. 153, 1893. Carapace broad, convex in the antero-posterior direction, granulated, especially on the hepatic, branchial, and cardiac regions; areolations well marked and protuberant. Front divided by a small median incision into two slightly convex lobes whose edges are simple and not produced into teeth at the lateral angles. Antero-lateral margin cut into five teeth; postocular tooth small, separated from the second tooth by a shallow granulated sinus ; the third tooth is the broadest, and rounded off at the apex; the fourth is the most salient, and acute; the fifth is very small and acute; all the teeth have crenate or else spinulose margins. The margin of the orbit is minutely crenulate ; its upper part is marked by two closed fissures ; the external hiatus of the orbit has the form of a triangular notch ; the lower margin is produced to form an obtuse tooth at the inner angle. The subhepatic region is granulous, but not provided with a tub- ercle. The merus of the third pair of maxillipeds is also granulated. The carpus of the chelipeds is rough with small tubercles, grooved along the distal margin of the outer side, and armed internally with a small blunt PANOPEUS TANNERI. 19 tooth; the hands are robust, inflated, smooth, except near their articulation with the carpus, where scattering granules appear; upper and lower margins rounded ; fingers long, down-curved, smooth, canaliculate, their cutting edges irregularly armed with small and rather sharp teeth, without any prominent basal tooth ; when closed the fingers are separated by a slight gap, and their tips cross one another ; the color of the fingers in alcoholic specimens is very light brown. The chelex of the right and left sides are unequal in size, but similar in shape. The ambulatory appendages are setose, their merus joints furnished with small teeth along their upper edges. The seventh segment of the sternum in the male is entirely concealed by the base of the abdomen. The cox of the fifth pair of legs are in contact with the third abdominal segment. The penultimate segment of the abdomen has concave sides, the terminal segment is broad and rounded. Length of carapace, 6.5 mm. ; breadth of carapace, 10.25 mm. Station 8397. 85 fathoms. 1 male. In this species the carapace is short, the posterior margin wider than usual in the genus. In its general aspect it recalls P. canthiformis A. M. Edw.; the meri of the ambulatory legs are denticulated on their upper margins as in zanthiformis, but in datus the carapace is much broader and more convex in an antero-posterior sense, the front is less prominent and is destitute of lobes at the lateral angles; the carpal tooth is blunt, etc. Panopeus tanneri Fax. Pinte Tie Figen, 2. Micropanope polita Ratus., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVI. 238, 1893. Panopeus tanneri Fax., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXIV. 154, 1893. Carapace moderately convex both lengthwise and transversely, smooth and polished in the central and hinder parts, coarsely granular on the ante- rior gastric and hepatic regions. The gastric and hepatic areas are well marked off by depressions. Front nearly straight, divided by a median tri- angular fissure, and projecting as a blunt tooth at each lateral angle; a double edge is formed by a groove which runs along the front, the lower edge projecting further forward than the upper edge; both upper and lower edges are finely granulate. The antero-lateral margins of the carapace are cut into triangular teeth; the first and second of these teeth are small, coa- lesced, connected by a shallow sinus; the third and fourth are of about an 20 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. equal size; the fifth is much smaller; all the teeth are granulous on their an- terior border, smooth on their posterior border; the depressions between the third and fourth and the fourth and fifth teeth are continued in as furrows for some distance on the carapace, finally uniting and meeting the cervical furrow. The upper margin of the orbit forms a tooth at the inner angle above and outside of the external marginal tooth of the front; there is a closed fissure near the middle of the superior orbital border; the external fissure is a triangular notch; a blunt tooth at the inner angle of the lower margin. There is no subhepatic tubercle. A transverse row of tubercles on the front of the eye-stalk (when viewed retracted within the orbit) just inside the eye. Chelipeds unsymmetrical ; carpus squamoso-rugose, with a slight transverse groove, and armed with a prominent but not very sharp internal tooth; propodus stout, superior border rounded and squamoso-tuberculate, outer surface smooth; fingers of larger chela gaping, movable finger armed with a large blunt tooth at base; fingers of smaller chela slenderer, without prominent teeth; fingers of both hands black, hooked at extremities, tips crossing. Upper edge of merus of ambulatory appendages lightly denticu- lated, excepting the posterior pair. Base of abdomen entirely covers the sternal segments; penultimate segment of abdomen short, posterior angles prolonged backward; last segment short, pentagonal. In young specimens the granules of the carpus and propodus are more numerous and sharper- pointed. Length of carapace, 6.25 mm.; breadth, 10 mm. Station 3405. 53 fathoms. 5 males (3 adults, 2 young). 3368. 66 “« 1 male. The name Micropanope polita was published a short time before Panopeus ‘anneri, but if this species is referred to the genus Panopeus, the specific name politus cannot be used, since it was applied to a different species by Professor S. 1 Smith in 1869. The genus Micropanope has not been clearly defined either by Stimpson or A. Milne Edwards. The type of the genus, Micropan- ope sculplipes Stimps. (= M. pugilator A. M. Edw.), does not seem to belong to the same assemblage of species as Panopeus tanneri, which differs from the typical species of Panopeus merely by the granulation of the carapace and the serration of the meri of some of the ambulatory appendages. These pecul- iarities do not, in my opinion, justify the separation of P. tanneri from the genus Panopeus, PILUMNUS LIMOSUS. 21 OZIUS M. Epw. Hist. Nat. Crust., I. 404, 1834, Ozius verreauxii Savss. Rey. et Mag. Zool., 2° Sér., V. 359, Plate XII. Fig. 1, 1853. One female, from Charles Island, Galapagos, April 1. This species was found at James Island, Galapagos, and also at Panama during the voyage of the “ Hassler” from Boston to San Francisco in 1872. It has been recorded from Mazatlan, Mex., and Lower California. MENIPPE Der Haavy. Siebold’s Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, p. 21, 1833. Menippe frontalis A. M. Epw. Crustacés de la Région Mex., p. 264, Plate XLVIII. Fig. 2, 1879. One male, collected at low tide on the reef outside Panama. Menippe frontalis has been previously recorded from Panama and the coast of Equador. HETERACTASA Locxkiyeton. Proce. Cal. Acad. Sci., VII. 97, 1877. Heteractza lunata (M. Epw. et Luc.). Pilumnus lunatus M. Epw. et Luc., D’Orbigny’s Voy. dans l’Amér. Mérid., Crust., p. 20, Plate IX. Fig. 2, 1843. Heteractea lunata Kixest., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1879, p. 396, 1880; A. M. Epw., Crustacés de la Région Mex., p. 301, Plate LII. Fig. 2, 1880. One specimen (male) from Panama. Previously recorded from the coast of Chile, the west coast of Central America, Cape St. Lucas, and the Gulf of California. There are specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy brought by the “ Hassler” Expedition from Panama and San Diego, Cal. PILUMNUS Leacz. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XI. 309, 321, 1815. Pilumnus limosus Sm1ru. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XII. 285, 1869. One male from Panama. bo STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. Famity TRAPEZIID. TRAPEZIA Larr. Fam. Nat., p. 269, 1825 [Zrapeézie]; Encycl. Méth., Hist. Nat., X. 695, 1825 [Zrapezia]. Trapezia cymodoce (Herrssr) ? ? Cancer cymodoce Hersst, Naturgeschichte der Krabben und Krebse, III., Heft 2, p. 22, Plate LI. Fig. 5, 1801 (cf. Gersracxer, Arch. Naturgesch. XXII., 1, pp. 125, 126, 1856). ? Trapezia cymodoce Latr., Encycl. Méth., Hist. Nat., X. 695, 1825. One female from Acapulco, Mex., April 18. It agrees with specimens from Panama doubtfully referred to 7. eymodoce by Smith.* The epibranchial lateral spines are in a transverse line with the middle of the carapace, while in Herbst’s type of 7. cymodoce, according to Gerstecker, they lie far behind the middle. Otherwise the specimen agrees pretty closely with Gerstacker’s description of Herbst’s type. It is the same as, or closely related to, Zrapezia cerulea Riippell, and 7. miata Jacquinot. There are specimens belonging to the same species in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy collected by. A. Agassiz at Acapulco in 1860, and at the Isles of Pearls, Panama Bay, in 1875. There is also in this Museum one of the specimens collected by the Wilkes Exploring Expedition at the Sandwich Islands, and referred to 7. cymodoce by Dana. It agrees well with the Acapulco and Panama specimens. Miers,t influenced by Herbst’s figure, assigns 7. eymodoce to the group of species with the hand subcristate above, and hairy on the outer surface, — a conclusion contradicted by Herbst’s and Gersteecker’s descriptions. The latter writer has shown that Herbst’s figure is very incorrect. Famity PORTUNIDZ. ARENASUS Dana. Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, 2d Ser., XII. 130, 1851. Aren#us mexicanus (Gersr.). Luctenota mexicana Gerst., Arch. Naturgesch., XXII., 1, p. 131, Plate V. Figs. 3, 4, 1856. Areneus bidens Smirn, Ann. Rep., Peabody Acad. Sci. for 1869 and 1870, p. 90, 1871. Neptunus mexicanus A. M. Epw., Crustacés de la Région Mex., p. 212, Plate XLII. Fig. 3, 1879. Three males, Cocos Island, Feb. 28. Previously known from the west coast of Mexico and Nicaragua. * Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XII. 287, 1869. f Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th Series, I]. 409, 1878, Rep. Challenger Brachyura, p. 165, 1886. ACHELOUS AFFINIS. 23 ACHELOUS Ds Haay. Siebold’s Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, p. 8, 1833. Achelous spinimanus (Larr.). Portunus spinimanus Later. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., 2e éd., XXVIII. 47, 1819. Portunus (Achelous) spinitmanus De Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, p. 8, 1833. Station 3568. 66 fathoms. 2 males. These specimens differ from the typical form in having a shorter arm and hand, a longer spine on the inner side of the carpus; in having a short spine at the distal end of the superior border of the propodus and two small spines at the distal end of the merus of the last pair of legs. Of these two spines the larger is on the posterior lateral angle of the segment, the smaller one just above it. The carpal spine reaches half way to the extremity of the spine on the upper margin of the propodus when the hand is flexed. The length of the carapace is 44.5 mm.; breadth, 69.5 mm.; length of merus, 33 mm.; length of chela, 47 mm.; breadth, 15 mm.; length of dactylus, 25 mm.; length of carpal spine, measured from the anterior border of the carpus, 10.5 mm. If these differences prove to be constant in specimens from this region the form may be called Achelous brevimanus. Achelous spinimanus inhabits the Atlantic coast of America from Cape Hatteras to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It has also been recorded from the coast of Chile. Achelous affinis Fax. Plate TViign dl, Leet Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 155, 1893. Carapace moderately convex both longitudinally and transversely, the frontal region depressed and horizontal; surface rugose, granular, and pubescent. Front not prominent, composed of four blunt teeth, not counting the internal angle of the orbit; the two teeth near the median line are equilaterally triangular, separated from one another by a tri- angular notch; the next teeth on the outer side are separated from those within by a shallow sinus, and fall off abruptly on the outer side - into the deep notch which separates the front from the inner orbital angle. The two middle teeth of the front are a trifle longer than the lateral teeth. 24 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. The tooth formed by the projecting inner orbital angle does not attain the level of the frontal teeth, and it is double, the orbital margin just outside of it being slightly folded, raised, and projected forward so as to form a secon- dary tooth similar to that in A. syzaimanus, but not so well-marked. The antero-lateral margin of the carapace is nine-toothed, including the tooth at the outer orbital angle; the posterior tooth is hardly larger than those in front of it; the posterior margin of these teeth is convex. The anterior edge of the merus of the chelipeds is armed with five spines. The carpus has an internal and a smaller external spine. There is a spine on the pro- podus at the base at the point of articulation with the carpus, and another on the upper margin a little distance back of the articulation with the dactylus. The distal edge of the fifth pair of legs is spinulose. Length, 25 mm.; breadth, 39 mm.; length of merus of cheliped, 24 mm.; length of propodus, including digit, 33 mm.; length of internal carpal spine. measured from distal margin of carpus, 3.3 mm. Station 3379. 52 fathoms. 5 males, 4 fem. « 3390. 56 e 1 male. A large number were also taken in the tow-net on the surface at the following stations : — Off Mala Point, Hydr. 2627, 3355, 3371, 3382, 3386, 3398, and 50 miles south of Guaymas. The specimens taken at the surface are small, and much darker in color than those that came up in the trawl, but they show no structural differences. I take them to be the same species in the pelagic stage of its existence. This species is related to Achelous depressifrons Stimps., from the Atlantic side of the Continent. Compared with A. depressifrons it is broader, and the curve formed by the front and the antero-lateral margin of the carapace forms an are with a longer radius; the lateral lobe of the front is broader ; the tooth of the inner orbital angle is double, as above described; the teeth of the antero-lateral margin have broader bases, and the anterior one at the outer orbital angle is not so prominent; the protuberances on the cardiac and branchial areas are less prominent; the internal carpal spine is shorter, and the distal margin of the merus of the fifth pair of legs is denticulate behind the articulation of the carpus. TRACHYCARCINUS. 25 Famity CORYSTID. TRACHYCARCINUS Fax. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 156, 1893. Carapace pentagonal, moderately convex, lateral margins long, nearly straight, toothed. Front narrow, produced, three-toothed. Orbits large, with forward aspect, imperfect, with two hiatuses above, one below, and one at the inner angle; lower wall formed chiefly by the carapace. Anterior margin of buccal cavity not distinctly defined, epistome short, ridges of the endostome developed. Sternum long and rather narrow. Abdomen of male narrow and five-jointed, the third, fourth, and fifth segments consolidated. Eye-stalks very small, retractile within the orbits. Antennules longitudinally folded. The antenne lie in the inner hiatus of the orbit ; their basal segment is but slightly enlarged, not fillmg the hiatus at the inner angle of the orbit nor attaining to the front, subeylindrical, unarmed, imperfectly fused with the carapace ; the second segment is longer and slenderer than the first, the third segment about equal to the second in length, but slenderer ; all these segments are furnished with long and coarse set; the whole antenna is less than one half as long as the carapace. The ischium of the outer maxil- lipeds is produced at its antero-internal angle; the merus of the same appendages is rounded at the antero-external angle, obliquely truncated but not emarginated at the antero-internal angle, where it articulates with the following segment. Legs of moderate length. Right and left chelipeds very unequally developed in the male. Dactyli of ambulatory legs styliform, straight, slender, longer than the penultimate segments. The pentagonal shape of the carapace recalls the genus Telmessus White. But in Zelmessus the front is divided by a median notch, the orbit is much more complete, the basal segment of the antenna sending off an external process that completely fills the hiatus at the inner angle of the orbit. Although Zrachycarcinus bears but little resemblance superficially to Tricho- peltarion A. M. Edw.* on account of the very different shape of the carapace, it is in reality closely related to the latter genus as is shown by the close resemblance between them as regards the orbits and antennx, the merus of the outer maxillipeds, the form of the chelipeds, ete. The Corystoid crabs form a heterogeneous assemblage of rather primi- * Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., VILL. 19, Plate II., 1880. 4 26 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. tive forms which show distinct affinities with the Maioids, Cancroids, and Portunide. Trachycarcinus corallinus Fax. Plate A. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 156, 1893. The carapace is of an irregularly pentagonal shape, the antero-lateral borders being about twice the length of the postero-lateral ; the general surface is densely clothed with a dark brown coat which under a lens is seen to be made of a multitude of close-set club-shaped sete ; when this covering is scraped off the shell appears smooth and white underneath. The various regions of the carapace are well marked out by intervening furrows, and from the more prominent parts of each region there arise groups of flattened turbercles of ivory whiteness which stand out in striking contrast to the sombre brown of the general surface of the carapace. These tubercles are arranged in groups or bunches, the principal of which are placed as follows : two anterior lateral and one posterior median on the gastric region ; four disposed in two pairs on the cardiac region; five or six on each branchial region ; and one, of a crescentic shape, on each hepatic region. Each group of tubercles resembles the crown of a complex molar tooth whose cusps have been worn down to a common level. The front is produced into, three acute teeth, the median twice as long as the lateral. The walls of the orbit exhibit four teeth separated by deep hiatuses; these teeth are a preeocular, supraocular, postocular, and subocular ; the preocular tooth is compressed and blunt, its anterior edge denticulate. Behind the postocular spine the antero-lateral border of the carapace displays three prominent teeth, increas- ing in length successively from before backward ; there is, too, a minute tooth just back of the largest, posterior lateral tooth. The posterior margin of the carapace is provided with small teeth and is concave at the middle part. The eye-stalks are very slender, far from filling the orbits. The eyes them- selves are not larger than the extremity of the eye-stalk ; they have an im- perfectly faceted cornea, but show no trace of pigment. The basal segment of the antenna is small and cylindrical ; it does not quite reach to the margin of the front, and is not firmly soldered to the carapace ; the other two seg- ments of the peduncle are longer and slenderer than the basal segment; the end of the peduncle does not quite reach to the extremity of the rostrum ; ull of the segments of the peduncle are furnished with long setee, while the TRACHYCARCINUS CORALLINUS. Path flagellum (which is about as long as the two distal segments of the peduncle taken together, and composed of about fifteen segments) is nearly naked. The chelipeds are very unequal in size on the two sides of the body in the male sex. In four specimens the right is the larger, in two the left. In adult specimens the large claw is naked, smooth, and ivory-white, like the tubercles of the carapace ; the merus has a few small teeth along its upper margin, most of them near the two ends of the segment, and there are also a few still smaller teeth along the postero-inferior margin; the carpus is inflated, its upper margin armed with one strong tooth and denticulated along its whole length; the propodus is short and somewhat swollen, the finger bent down at an obtuse angle with the lower border of the palm ; there are in most specimens two or three small tubercles or teeth on the superior margin of the propodus, besides a tubercular process at the articu- lation of the carpus; the dactylus is strong, down-curved, and furnished with small tubercles on its upper border ; both fingers are armed with large blunt teeth on their opposed edges. The smaller chela is furnished with sete ; it is slenderer than the iarge claw, and has proportionally longer fingers ; it is also sparsely granulated. In the female both chelipeds are of approximately equal size, and they resemble, both in size and shape, the smaller cheliped of the male. The ambulatory appendages are unarmed and clothed with coarse sete, which are most thickly set upon the dactyli. The dactyli are considerably longer than the propodi, nearly cylindrical, very straight, and tipped with a small, acute, horny nail. Dimensions of largest specimen (male): length of carapace, 26 mm. ; breadth of carapace, 27 mm.; length of larger cheliped, 50 mm.; propo- dus, 20 mm. ; breadth of propodus, 10.5 mm.; length of smaller cheliped, 24 mm.; propodus, 9 mm.; breadth of propodus, 4 mm.; length of first ambulatory leg, 55 mm. The carapace of the smallest ovigerous female measures 2223 mm. The eggs are spherical and large for the size of the animal; they vary in size from one and a third to one and a half millimeters in diameter. About one hundred are laid by one female. The depth at which this animal lives is very great for a Brachyuran. I believe that the only species previously known that normally live below the 500 fathom line are certain species of @thusa and ithusina, and Gleryon guinguedens Smith. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. bo 19 8) The peculiar form and arrangement of the white tubercles on the cara- pace give to this animal the aspect of a piece of stone coral. Station 3353. 695 fathoms. 1 female. ss) 3500; - 940) = °& 5 males, 4 fem. (2 ovig.). ce ests G60 3X 1 male. Famity GECARCINID A. GECARCINUS Leacu. Trans. Linn. Soe, London, XI. 309, 322, 1815. Gecarcinus malpilensis Fax. Plate IV., Fig. 2, 2*, 2. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., XXIV. 157, 1893. Carapace very broad and convex anteriorly, flattened and narrowed pos- teriorly ; surface microscopically granulated ; antero-lateral margin rounded, not denticulated ; the median gastric furrow is well marked; the furrow separating the gastric from the branchial regions does not extend forward far enough to separate the gastric from the hepatic area; the so-called genital area is separated by a pronounced groove from the branchial and cardiac regions, but not from the gastric; there is a deep indentation at the anterior extremity of the lateral genital furrows; the furrows bound- ing the cardiac region on either side are moderately developed. Front deflexed at a right angle to the axis of the body, deep, concave above the margin, margin not reflexed, granulated. The merus of the outer maxilli- peds is five-sided, outer side convex, distal slightly notched, antero-internal straight and parallel to the long axis of the body, forming an obtuse angle with the postero-internal margin, which is slightly concave. Merus and carpus of chelipeds devoid of spines or teeth. Dactylus of the ambulatory legs furnished with six rows of spines. Length, 55 mm.; breadth, 76 mm.; width of hind border of carapace, 19 mm.; width of front, 11 mm.; depth of front, 7 mm. Malpe'o Island, March 5. 1 male. This species is very distinct from any previously described. _ Compared with the previously known species from the Pacific coast, it is nearest to G. quadratus Sauss., but the outline of the carapace is very different, being PLANES. 29 similar to G. ruricola, from the eastern coast. Moreover, the front is nar- rower, deeper, and bent down at a sharper angle than in @. quadratus, and the merus of the outer maxillipeds is very different in shape from that of G. quadratus or any other known species. Famity OCYPODID 4H. GELASIMUS Larr. Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., 2° éd., XI. 517, 1817. Gelasimus sp. A male specimen of a species of Ge/asimus was collected on Chatham Island, Galapagos. It agrees with the figure of Gelasimus macrodactylus M. Edw. et Luc.,* except in the proportions of the carapace, which is broader (13 X 19 mm.) in the Galapagos specimen. Famity GRAPSID. PLANES Bowpicu. Excursions in Madeira and Porto Santo, p. 15, Fig. 2%, 2°, 1825. Planes, a MS. name of Dr. Leach’s, was first published in T. Edward Bowdich’s “ Excursions in Madeira and Porto Santo, during the Autumn of 1823,” London, 1825. In this work Bowdich figured and assigned to this genus the Cancer minutus of Linné, under the name of Planes clypeatus. The name Planes was afterwards adopted by Bell, White, and Dana, and more recently by Mierst and Haswell.{ But most recent authors have rejected Planes in favor of the later Nautilograpsus of Milne Edwards, § on account of the insufficiency of Bowdich’s description. Accepting the judi- cious ruling of the American Ornithologists’ Union committee on nomen- clature || — that a recognizable published figure affords a valid basis for a generic name —I retain Geach’s name for this genus; for Bowdich’s figures, though rudely executed, are unmistakable. * D’Orbigny’s Voy. dans l’Amér. Mérid., Crust., p. 27, Plate XI. Fig. 3, 1843. + Cat. Stalk- and Sessile-eyed Crust. New Zealand, p. 39, 1876. £ Cat. Australian Stalk- and Sessile-eyed Crust., p, 99, 1882. § Hist. Nat. Crust., II. 89, 1837. || The Code of Nomenclature and Check-List of North American Birds, adopted by the American Orni- thologists’ Union; being the Report of the Committee of the Union on Classification and Nomenclature. Ney York, 1886. Canon XLIL,, p. 52. 30 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. Planes minutus (Liyy.). Cancer minutus Lixn., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I. 625, 1758. Planes minutus Wuurte, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 42, 1847. Station 2628. 1 fem. ‘ 2% 3413. 2 males, 2 fem. ovig. Off Acapulco, Mex. 1 male. No local. 2 males, 1 fem. ovig. All of these specimens were taken from Green Turtles. The carapace of the largest one (a female) measures 23 X 23 mm. GRAPSUS Lamarcr. Systéme des Animaux sans Vertebres, p. 150, 1801. Grapsus grapsus (Liyy.). Cancer grapsus Lixn., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I. 630, 1758. Grapsus grapsus Ives, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1891, p. 190. Indefatigable and Chatham Islands, Galapagos, 3 males, 3 fem. (1 ovig.). There are also specimens in this Museum from Charles Island in the same archipelago, collected during the voyage of the “ Hassler.” Compared with the typical form from Florida, the Galapagos specimens have a higher and absolutely perpendicular front, the frontal lobes project- ing even further forward than in specimens from Acapulco labelled “ Grapsus allifrons”’ by Dr. Stimpson. The spots upon the carapace and legs are fewer and more definitely circumscribed than in Florida specimens, and the outer face of the carpus and hand of the chelipeds is uniform red. The ambulatory legs are more robust. Carapace of a male, 63 X 69 mm. Famity PINNOTHERID A. PINNIXA Wuire. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1st Series, XVIII. 177, 1846. Pinnixa panamensis Fax. Plate V., Hig. Iota Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXIV. 158, 1893. Male.— Carapace short and very broad, smooth and punctate for the most part, granulated at the sides. The lateral angles form a prominent PINNIXA PANAMENSIS. Sil shoulder, back of which the carapace diminishes abruptly in width. A trans- verse depression involves the hind part of the gastric and the fore part of the cardiac regions. This depression is bounded behind by a ridge which extends across the carapace between the bases of the last pair of thoracic appendages. Back of this ridge the carapace is deflected at an angle of about forty-five degrees. Front depressed, divided by a median notch into two not prominent lobes; margin setose. The chelipeds are small, with very stout carpus and hand, destitute of spines, but furnished with some setz along their edges; carpus squamose on the anterior and superior parts of the outer side; propodus not broader than the carpus, laterally compressed; a row of tubercles along the superior border forms a sort of crest; a longitudinal row of setiferous squamoid tubercles runs lengthwise of the hand from the proximal end, stopping short of the base of the immobile finger; the surface between this and the dorsal crest is thickly beset with tubercles, but below it the surface is almost smooth down to a row of tubercles which runs along the inferior margin; immovable finger straight, the dactylus closing against it throughout its length; dactylus fur- nished with long sets on the upper margin; no prominent teeth or tubercles on the cutting edge of either finger. First and second ambulatory limbs of moderate length, nearly naked, with slender and straight dactyli; last three segments tuberculate on superior margin. Third pair very much enlarged ; the merus has a convex anterior border, and is pubescent on the anterior third of the upper surface; posterior margin double, spinulose. Fourth ambulatory legs very small, not reaching beyond the distal end of the merus of the third pair; upper surface smooth. Dactyli of penultimate and last pairs of legs short, acute, set at angle with the propodi so as to form pre- hensile hooks. End joint of abdomen broader than the preceding joint, semicircular. The dactylus of the outer maxillipeds articulates with the propodus near the distal end of the latter. The carapace is 5 mm. long by 10 mm. broad. The female is larger than the male, the carapace is more highly polished, the transverse depression not so pronounced, and the appendages are more thickly clothed with sete. Length of carapace, 6.3 mm.; breadth, 13 mm. Panama, March 12. 4 males, 6 fem. ovig. 32 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. Famity CALAPPID. PLATYMERA M. Epw. e Hist. Nat. Crust., II. 107, 1837. Platymera gaudichaudii M. Epw. Hist. Nat. Crust., II. 108, 1837. Station 3387. 127 fathoms. 2 males. Both specimens are adult, the larger measuring 58.5 X 105 mm. (including the lateral spines). The more prominent parts of the carapace rise into small tubercles here and there, to the number of about twenty-five. The position of some of these tubercles appears to be indicated by reddish spots in Milne Edwards and Lucas’s figure of this species.* In the “ Alba- tross” specimens the teeth of the antero-lateral margin are sharper and smaller than in the figure, the meri of the ambulatory appendages narrower, and the dactyli are not expanded near their tips. Platymera gaudichaudi has hitherto been known as a Chilean species. Through the kindness of Miss Rathbun I have had an opportunity to examine specimens of Platymera californiensis,t recently described by her. They are identical with the specimens which I have referred to P. gaudi- chaudi. 1 do not think that the very slight discrepancies between these specimens and the figures in D’Orbigny’s Atlas warrant their separation, especially as neither Miss Rathbun nor I have had specimens from Chile for comparison. The differences between our specimens and the figures might well arise from a slight inaccuracy of the draughtsman. The types of P. californiensis were dredged off the coast of California, lat. 32° 22’ 30” N. to 37° 43’ 20’ N., in 26-204 fathoins. Famity MATUTID A. OSACHILA Srimps. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., II. 154, 1870. Osachila lata Fax. Plate V., Bigs. 2,02 2 3ull. Mus. Comp. Zool, XXIV. 159, 1893. Carapace expanded laterally ; length: breadth = 3:4; three low obtuse protuberances on the gastric region, one on the cardiac, three or four on the * D’Orbigny’s Voy. dans ?Amér. Mérid., Crust., Plate XITI. + Proc. U. S, Nat. Mus., XVI. 253, 1893. OSACHILA LATA. 33 branchial; the surface of all of these protuberances is tuberculate, the tubercles coarsely punctate, the surface between the protuberances smooth and coarsely punctate. Front prominent, bilobed, the lobes separated by a completely closed fissure ; frontal margin thick, rounded, with two punc- tate tubercles ; antero-lateral margin of carapace sharp; behind the point where the subhepatic ridge joins this margin it is divided into five obtuse lobes, each of which is denticulate ; postero-lateral margin single, tubercu- lated; posterior margin narrow, concave ; two transverse rows of low tuber- cles on the hinder part of the carapace anterior to the hind margin. Beneath, the subhepatic region and the surface of the outer maxillipeds, sternum and abdomen are tuberculated and heavily pitted, presenting an eroded appear- ance. Subbranchial area smooth, The merus of the chelipeds is tuberculate along the upper edge and outside of it; carpus tuberculate externally, distal and superior margin produced to a eristiform tooth which continues back upon the carpus the crest of the superior border of the propodus; propodus tuberculate on outer face, the tubercles largest above, superior border forming a slight denticulate crest which is split into three indistinct lobes; lower margin of hand ornamented with a row of low, but rather large tubercles. The edges of the ambulatory limbs are slightly cristate; dactyli pubescent on distal portion. There are traces of transverse red bands on the ambulatory legs. Length, 24.5 mm., breadth, 32 mm. Station 3427. 80 fathoms. 1 male. In this species there is a crescentic depression on the margin of the pterygostomian region in front of the base of the chelipeds, leading into the branchial chamber; this depression is much more strongly marked than in Hepatus or in Osachila tuberosa Stimps. (O. acuta Stimps. and O. stimpsonii Studer I have not seen). The third, fourth, and fifth abdominal segments in the male are fused into one, as in Hepatus and O. tuberosa. In the genus Osachila the apex of the merus of the outer maxillipeds is notched or con- cave, leaving an opening into the excurrent branchial canal when the outer maxillipeds are closely applied to the buccal area. This orifice does not exist in Hepatus or in Acteomorpha Miers, a genus which must be closely allied to Osachila. The second and third segments of the antennz are present in Osachila, but only as the merest rudiments. Three species of Osachila have been previously described: O. tuberosa Stimps.* from the Antilles and off Cape Hatteras, 56-164 fathoms; O. acuta * Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., IT. 154, 1870. 5 BE: STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. Stimps.* from Panama and Manzanillo ; and 0. stimpsonii Studer,t from near Ascension Island, 60 fathoms. The latter species appears to be very simi- lar to, if not the same as, O. ¢uberosa. In the breadth of the carapace O. lata shows a closer approach to Hepatus than the more typical species of Osachila do. Famity DORIPPIDA. AETHUSA Rovx. Crustacés de la Méditerranée, 4°™° Livr., 1830 [Zthusa]. Z&thusa ciliatifrons Fax. Plate V., Fig. 3, 3", 3”. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., XXTV. 159, 1893. Carapace broader than long, branchial regions much inflated ; surface granulated on the branchial and cardiac regions, pubescent on the gastric region; front and anterior part of the lateral border ornamented with long up-turned cilia. Front between the orbits divided by a triangular median sinus and two slightly shallower lateral sinuses into four triangular teeth of equal length. The orbital sinuses are very deep, and the external orbital angles reach as far forward as the frontal teeth, so that the front margin of the carapace, viewed from above or from below, is cut into six teeth of equal length. The dorsal surface of the carapace is deeply areo- lated; the branchio-cardiac lines are deeply impressed and meet in the median line in front of the heart, cutting off the depressed cardiac area from the gastric. The gastric region is uneven with pits and furrows. The eyes are small, on very short peduncles, just reaching, when extended, to the pos- terior angles of the orbital sinuses; the eye is terminal, not wider than the peduncles, and is provided with pigment of a black color. The chelipeds are equal, small, and slender; the chela is smooth and not more robust than the carpus; the fingers are longer than the palm, laterally compressed, curved inward, longitudinally grooved, their prehensile edges straight and regularly denticulated. The ambulatory limbs are very long (the second considerably longer than the first), naked and granulated ; the propodus is slightly shorter than the merus, slightly compressed, with a longitudinal groove on each side ; the dactylus is one half longer than the propodus, laterally compressed, * Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., X. 114, 1871. 7 Crustaceen der Gazelle, p. 16, Plate I. Fig. 4: Abhandl. Konig]. Akad. Wissensch. zu Berlin, 1882. ZETHUSA LATA. 35 slightly curved, longitudinally grooved and ribbed, the upper edge very sharp. The last two pairs of limbs are of about an equal length, not reaching beyond the distal end of the merus of the second pair of ambulatory appendages, pubescent excepting the nail which tips their dactyli; their propodi are much shorter than the merus and not much longer than the carpus; dactyli very short and strongly curved. The sternum is rather coarsely granulate. Conspicuous red transverse bands adorn the chelipeds and first two pairs of ambulatory appendages ; there are two of these bands on the merus, one on the carpus, one on the propodus, and one on the dactylus. Dimensions of a male: length of carapace, 26.5 mm.; breadth of cara- pace, 29.5 mm.; breadth of anterior margin between external orbital teeth, 12 mm.; length of second ambulatory appendages, 74.5 mm. (merus, 12 mm.; propodus, 15.5 mm.; dactylus, 22 mm.), Station 3389. 210 fathoms. 5 males, 2 fem. cS dal.) 153 2 males. «8396. +259 ie 1 male. Bee asic wel ge 1 male juv. In young small specimens the carapace is not so broad as in the adult (in fact the length of the carapace may be equal to its breadth), the antero- lateral angles do not project so far forward, and the gastric area is not so deeply sunken beneath the level of the branchial regions. Atthusa lata Raruze. Plate Vi tg 1, 152: Ethusa lata Ratus., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVI. 258, 1893. Aithusa pubescens Fax., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 160, 1893. Station 3367. 100 fathoms. 1 female. After examining the type specimens of @. /afa Rathb., Iam inclined to attribute the slight differences between them and &. pubescens to difference in age, the specimen which I described under the name of 4, pubescens being more than twice the size of the type specimens of 47. lata. In the male of 44. lata the right and left chelipeds are very unequal. This species was first obtained by the “ Albatross” in 1889, in the Gulf of California at a depth of 14-33 fathoms. It is the Pacific representative of 4B. nicrophthalma Smith * of the Atlantic side of the continent. * Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., IIL 418, 1881; VI. 22, 1883. 36 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. ZETHUSINA Smits. Ann. Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1882, p. 349, 1884 [Ethusina]. Z&thusina gracilipes (Miers). Ethusa (Ethusina) gracilipes Miers, Rep. Challenger Brachyura, pp. 332, 333, Plate XXIX., 1886. Station 3361. 1471 fathoms. 1 fem. Saree 2823 fs 3 males, 2 fem. «< 6=6 3380. 899 ce 1 male. KO sa98. Lio cs 2 males. < 6-3 4005 1322 ce 1 male, 2 fem. «< = 8407. 880 a 1 fem. 34132, 1360 2 males, 1 fem, In most of these specimens the spine at the antero-external angle of the carapace is long, as in the figure of the typical form of Miers’s species, but it is bent outward at a sharper angle, as in Miers’s var. robusta. The outer spine of the front is longer in proportion to the inner spine, and the carapace is rather narrower. The legs are shorter (as in var. robusta), while the chela is midway in form between the typical gracilipes and var. robusta. The “ Challenger” specimens were obtained near the Philippines in 700 fathoms, in the Arafura Sea in 800 fathoms, and in the Banda Sea in 1425 fathoms. f&thusina challengeri (Miers)? ? Ethusa (Ethusina) challengeri Miers, Rep. Challenger Brachyura, p. 331, Plate XXVIII. Fig. 2, 1886.* Station 5414. 2232 fathoms. 1 fem. [refer this specimen with some doubt to 4. challengert. The fingers of the chelz are longer than in that species, the internal distal angle of the ischium of the external maxillipeds is more salient, and the merus more pear-shaped ; the front, too, is narrower, the median sinus deeper, and the internal orbital angle less prominent. I believe that the depth from which this specimen was brought is the greatest at which any Brachyuran has ever been taken. 4. abyssicola Smith was dredged by the “Albatross” off the east coast of the United States in 2221 fathoms. Miers’s specimen of 4. challengeri was obtained from 1875 fathoms, in Japanese seas. * On pp. 329, 332, Miers refers to this species by the name of 4. sinuatifrons. ZETHUSINA SMITHIANA. 37 A#thusina smithiana Fax. Plate VI, Fig. 2, 2. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 160, 1893. In this species the carapace is a little longer than broad, and is not much narrowed anteriorly. The front is four-toothed, the middle pair of teeth large, triangular, separated from one another by a wide triangular sinus which is broader than the antennular sinus; between these teeth the margin is bent down till it meets the epistome below; the lateral teeth of the front are spiniform, and shorter than the middle teeth, The surface of the cara- pace is clothed with a short pubescence and is lightly granulous; the bran- chio-cardiac grooves are well marked. The postocular teeth are spiniform and they project far beyond the extremity of the small eye-stalks. The eyes are smaller than the extremity of their peduncles. The chelipeds are equal, smooth, naked, unarmed; the merus cylindrical, the carpus short and rounded ; the fingers about equal in length to the body of the chela, com- pressed, prehensile edges sharp and not provided with distinct teeth or tubercles. The ambulatory legs are nearly naked, the second pair more than twice the length of the carapace, the dactylus longer than the propodus. The last two pairs of legs terminate in short recurved claws, which are setose on the posterior edge. The sexes do not seem to differ in any marked degree. Length of carapace (male), 9.3 mm.; breadth, 8 mm. Station 3570. 154 fathoms. 3 fem. = 3550). S99 < 2 males, This species is nearly related to 2. abyssicola Smith, but its carapace does not so much diminish in width anteriorly, the external frontal spines are less developed, the external orbital spines are much longer, and brought forward so that the orbits face more to the front. From 4. challengeri Miers it differs in the greater development of the frontal and external orbital spines. STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. eo [9 2) FAMILY CYMOPOLIID &. CYMOPOLIA Rovx. Crustacés de la Méditerranée, 5°™° Livr., 18380. Cymopolia tuberculata Fx. Plate VI., Fig. 3, 3°. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 161, 1893. Carapace very broad, subpentagonal, pranchial regions swollen. Front four-toothed, the teeth blunt, separated from each other by narrow sinuses which are rounded at the bottom ; the two middle teeth are longer than the lateral ones, and the median sinus is deeper than the two lateral. The antero-lateral margin of the carapace is four-toothed, counting the promi- nent tooth at the external angle of the orbit; the posterior tooth of the series is the smallest. The upper margin of the orbit has three deep fissures defining two triangular teeth ; the lower margin of the orbit has two fissures enclosing a broad truncate tooth or lobe; there is also a broad and promi- nent lobe just below the inner orbital angle; above this lobe is a single tooth at the inner angle. The surface of the carapace is ornamented with granulated tubercles ; the parts between the tubercles are more finely granu- lated, and when viewed under a lens are found to be furnished with fine hairs. The chief tubercles are disposed as follows: one pair on the frontal region behind the margin; four in transverse row on the anterior part of the gastric area, and five on the posterior part of the same area arranged thus, «": (of these the posterior pair is the smallest) ; four in a transverse line on the cardiac region and one median behind the transverse series ; about six on each branchial area; six just anterior to the straight posterior margin of the carapace (three on each side). There are three small tubercles on each eye-stalk near the margin of the cornea. The chelipeds are small, slender, equal; the carpus tuberculate, the fingers as long as the hand proper, curved downward and inward, crossing at the tips, their prehensile edges finely denticulate in small specimens, nearly entire in larger ones. The second and third ambulatory limbs are very long, the second slightly larger than the third; their merus joimts are eranulated and costate above, and armed with a prominent spine at the anterior distal angle and a smaller one each side at the point of articulation with the carpus; this holds good of CYMOPOLIA TUBERCULATA. 39 ul three pairs of ambulatory appendages; the carpi are carinate on their anterior margin, with a vestige of a tooth at each end of the carina; the anterior edge of the propodus is also carinate. The ambulatory legs are ornamented with transverse bands of red, three of which cross the merus. The abdomen and sternum are granulated. Length, 13 mm.; breadth, 18 mm.; length of ambulatory leg of second par, 34 mm. (merus, 9.3 mm.; carpus, 5.6 mm.; propodus, 9 mm.; dactylus 7.5 mm.). Station 3355. 182 fathoms. 4 males, 1 fem. Cymopolia zonata Rathb.,* lately described from the Gulf of California, 40 fathoms, differs from C. tuberculata as follows: the carapace is narrower and more quadrangular. The median lobes of the front are small and incon- spicuous, while the lateral lobes are very broad and are separated from the median lobes by a slight, shallow notch. In C. tuberculata the four frontal lobes take on the form of prominent, triangular teeth, clearly separated from each other by deep triangular sinuses. The antero-lateral margin of the carapace is three-toothed in C. zonata, four-toothed in C. tuberculata. The tubercles near the posterior margin of the carapace are more elongated in the former species than in the latter. The hand of the former is much broader, and is armed with prominent, spiny tubercles. Finally, the meri of the ambulatory legs are much shorter in C. zonata, and are armed at the distal end with a blunt, triangular tooth, while in C. ¢werculata this tooth is transformed into a long, sharp spine, and a pair of smaller spines is present, one on each side of the proximal end of the carpus. The unique type specimen of Cymopolia dilatata A. M. Edw.t from St. Kitts, 208 fathoms, has not yet been returned to this Museum. Judging from Milne Edwards’s short diagnosis, it must be very similar to C. tuber- culata, but in the latter the first sternal segment does not bear the trans- verse crest which is said to be characteristic of C. dilatata. I am therefore led to regard C. tuberculata and C. dilatata as closely allied representative species on the two sides of the continent. * Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI. 259, 1893. + Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool, VIII. 28, 1880. 40 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. Cymopolia fragilis Rarus. Plate VI., Fig. 4, $°. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI. 259, 1893. Carapace very short and broad, tuberculated, with granules scattered between the tubercles. Front cut into four blunt teeth, the two in the middle prominent, the outer ones short. Superior margin of the orbit cut by two fissures as is the lower margin also; there is a broad prominent lobe just below the internal orbital angle, with two teeth above it at the angle. The antero-lateral margin of the carapace is five-toothed, counting the promi- nent tooth at the outer angle of the orbit. There are two tubercles on the frontal region, twelve on the gastric, five on the cardiac (four of which are arranged in a transverse row and elongated transversely) ; eight or nine on each branchial, and a carina more or less broken up into tubercles just in front of the posterior margin of the carapace. The eye-stalks are furnished with two blunt tubercles near the edge of the cornea. The chelipeds are small, slender, equal. The third and fourth pairs of ambulatory limbs are very long, the merus joints with a low tubercular carina on their anterior margin and two longitudinal rows of tubercles on their upper face; the anterior distal angle is rounded off and not produced into a spine or tooth ; the anterior edge of the carpi and propodi is sharp, and the upper face of these joints is two-ribbed. The abdomen and sternum are almost smooth. The difference in the shape of the abdomen between this species and the foregoing will be best appreciated by a reference to the figures. Leneth, 7 mm.; breadth, 11 mm. ; length of ambulatory limb of the second pair, 26.5 mm. (merus, 8 mm.; carpus, 4.9 mm. ; propodus, 7 mm. ; dactylus, 5 mm.). Station 3369. 52 fathoms. 2 males, 12 fem. ovig. 3379. 52 ct 3 males. Cymopolia fragilis was first discovered by the “ Albatross” expedition of 1889, off Lower California, in 58 and 71 fathoms. RANINOPS FORNICATA. 4] Famity LEUCOSIIDA. EBALIA Leacu. Malacostr. Podophthal. Brit., Plate XXV., 1816 (?). Ebalia sp. A badly mutilated specimen of an “dala was obtained at Station 3355 in 182 fathoms, — evidently belonging to an undescribed species. The cara- pace, as far as can be determined, is subrhomboidal, tuberculated, and thickly covered with round bead-like granules. The front is truncate; the gastric region roof-shaped, falling off on each side of the median line into the deep depression behind the antero-lateral margins. The antero-lateral border is produced into three lobes, one of which is on the hepatic region and two (larger) on the branchial, the posterior one forming the lateral angle of the carapace; there is also a prominent tubercle on the pterygostomian region. The central part of the branchial region is very prominent and obscurely divided into three secondary prominences made up of an agglom- eration of larger and smaller sized granules. The posterior margin is bi- lobed, each lobe being convex above when the animal is viewed from behind. The buccal area is separated from the antennular fossa by a small epistome. The battered condition of the “specimen (a male) does not admit of a more detailed description. Famity RANINID®. RANINOPS A. M. Epw. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., VIII. 34, 1880. Raninops fornicata Fax. Plate VIE Figs Ty 127. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 162, 1893. Carapace very convex from side to side, naked, smooth or nearly so, punctate. Rostrum acute, lightly carinate, the carina extending back for a short distance on the carapace. Superior margin of orbit armed with three acute teeth, the second of which is curved forward; the anterior tooth is separated from the rostrum by a deep rounded sinus, from the second tooth by an angular notch; the second tooth is separated from the third by a 6 42 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. nearly straight interval; the third tooth lies some distance in front of the posterior end of the orbit. Back of the orbit there is a strong, procurved spine on the margin of the carapace. Eye-stalks compressed, equal in length to one half the width of the carapace. Second joint of the third maxillipeds equal to the third joint, crossed obliquely by a piliferous line; third joint notched at the antero-internal angle. Cheliped: merus unarmed, microscopi- cally spinose above, setose below; carpus minutely rugoso-spinulose, the superior distal angle projecting as a sharp tooth ; propodite lightly rugose, upper and lower borders margined, unarmed, palmar edge irregularly and inconspicuously toothed; dactylus without any prominent tooth. The dactylus of the fourth pair of legs has a very convex internal border, the dactylus of the fifth is long, narrow, and spatulate. Abdomen setose, telson obtuse at the end. Length of carapace, 12 mm.; breadth, 8.6 mm. Station 3369. 52 fathoms. 1 specimen. A. Milne Edwards's types of R. constricta and R. stimpsoni have not yet been returned from Paris. Compared with the descriptions of these species * R. fornicata differs from the first in having a shorter ocular peduncle (one half the width of the carapace instead of two thirds) and an unarmed merus joint of the cheliped; from &. stimpsont it may be distinguished by the superior margin of the hand being unarmed. This genus hardly seems to be satisfactorily separated from Jotopus De Haan.¥ a genus to which three species have been assigned, viz., V. dorsipes (Fabr.), ¢ V. atlanticus Studer, § and J. ovalis Henderson. || Famity LITHODID A. GLYPTOLITHODES, gen. nov. Cephalo-thorax subtriangular, anterior part only one half as wide as the posterior ; gastric region of the carapace elevated, forming a high conical prominence ; a prominent, crescentic, rounded ridge on each branchial area, enclosing the cardiac area in a deep fossa; upper portion of the rostrum straight, conical, subacute, much longer than the lower part, which has the Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., VIII. 35, 1880. + Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, p- 138, 1841. i De Haan, Fauna Jap., Crust., p. 139, Plate KXXV. Fig. 5, Plate J, 1841. } Crustaceen der Gazelle, p. 17, Plate I. Fig. 5: Abhandl. Kénigl. Akad. Wissensch. zu Berlin, 1882. Rep. Challenger Anomura, p. 31, Plate II. Fig. 6, 1888 GLYPTOLITHODES CRISTATIPES. 43 form of a laterally-compressed tooth projecting downward and forward be- tween the bases of the eye-stalks. Antennal scales armed with a few blunt spines on each margin. Abdomen with three longitudinal rows of calcareous plates. Internal or superior margin of carpus of chelipeds produced to a dentate crest. Ambulatory legs short, flattened, spineless, with margins pro- duced into dentated and crenated crests. This genus is established to receive the species provisionally referred to the genus F?hinolithodes Brandt in my preliminary report on the Crustacea of the “ Albatross’? Expedition of 1891.* Since the present memoir was sent to the press I have received from the United States National Museum, through the kindness of Mr. J. E. Benedict, a pair of Rhinokthodes wosnessenskii Brandt, the type of the genus Rhinolithodes. It is clear that the species described by me is generically distinct from Brandt's species. In Rhinolithodes the legs are of moderate length, their segments subeylindrical and heavily armed with spines: in Glyptolithodes these appendages are very short (the meri projecting but little beyond the sides of the carapace), flattened, destitute of spines, their anterior and posterior edges produced so as to form prominent crests which on some of the segments are entire, on others crenate or dentate. In Phino- lithodes the upper part of the rostrum forms a rounded tubercle shorter than the lower uncinate process: in Glyptolithodes the upper part of the rostrum forms a conical subacute tooth, far surpassing the inferior process. ‘The car- diac area in F?hinolithodes is elevated and spherical : in Glyptolithedes this area lies at the bottom of a deep fossa bounded by the raised portions of the branchial areas. On the whole, the relations between Rhinolithodes and Glyptolithodes ave less close than those which exist between the former genus and Phyllolithodes. Glyptolithodes cristatipes Fax. Plate. VII., Fig. 2, 2%, 2, ®. Rhinolithodes cristatipes Fax., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXIV. 163, 1893 The carapace is subtriangular in outline, its surface devoid of sete but covered with low squamiform tubercles ; the whole gastric area is raised into a conical prominence ; there is also a prominent crescentic rounded ridge on each branchial region, enclosing the cardiac area in a deep fossa open only behind, The rostrum is straight and conical, with a vertical plate projecting * Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoodl., XXIV. 163, 1893. 44 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. below from the proximal half down between the eye-stalks; this plate is toothed anteriorly but does not reach forward nearly to the tip of the ros- trum. The antero-lateral margin of the carapace is five-toothed; the second, third, and fourth of these teeth give rise to long thread-like cilia, There is another tooth at the angle between the postero-lateral and posterior margins; posterior margin straight. The upper surface of the eye-stalk is covered with small tubercles, and a blunt spine projects over the cornea. The movable scale of the antenna is spiniform and bears two blunt spinules on the outer side and two smaller ones on the inner. The chelipeds are unequal (the right being the larger); coxa granulated, setose on the lower inside margin ; lower margin of the ischium and merus armed with three or four blunt teeth, superior margin of merus toothed, internal distal border setose, external distal border forming a bilobed crest; outer face of carpus flat, naked, squamous, margins cristate, the internal crest expanded and cut into setiferous lobes ; propodite tuberculated without, smooth within, toothed and setose on superior margin ; immobile finger, as well as the dactylus, excavated within, setose ; the larger claw has blunt teeth on the fingers, while the fingers of the smaller claw have nearly straight cutting edges. The ambulatory appendages have cristiform anterior margins from the merus to the propodite inclusive ; the crest of the carpus is entire or slightly crenate, but that of the merus is bilobed, of the propodite trilobed; the posterior margins of these appendages are dentate and more or less setose ; two setiferous teeth near the proximal end of the upper face of the merus of the hind legs; the dactyli are provided with curved, acute, black tips, and with pencils of hair especially on anterior margins. The abdomen is indurated, with three rows of tuberculated plates; toward the posterior end there is a vestige of two marginal rows of small, imperfectly calcified plates. Length of carapace, 16.5 mm., breadth 16.5 mm. Station 3354. 322 fathoms. 1 male PARALOMIS Waurrr. Proc. Zodlog. Soc. London, XXIV. 134, 1856. Through the courtesy of Mr. Benedict of the United States National Museum, I have had the privilege to examine a specimen of Lithodes granu- osus Hombr. et Jacq. (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 12583, Straits of Magellan), the type of the genus Paralomis White. According to Mr. Benedict (én Uit.), this PARALOMIS. 45 species is congeneric with Hehinocerus ciburius White.* He therefore proposes to treat Paralomis as a synonym of Hehinocerus in a paper soon to be published. The two “Challenger” species referred to Paralomis by Professor Hender- son t are, as Mr. Benedict points out, generically distinct from P. granulosa. In the latter the ambulatory appendages are comparatively short (not very much longer than the chelipeds) and are tucked in underneath the body during repose, while in Henderson’s species the ambulatory legs are very long (much longer than the chelipeds) and are not capable of folding com- pactly beneath the body. After a careful examination of Paralomis granulosa 1 am disposed to recognize the genus Paralomis as distinct from Lehinocerus, and furthermore to assign Lehinocerus diomedee of my preliminary report to Paralonis. In Echinocerus as exemplified either in the type species, 2. cibarius, or in E. foraminatus Stimps., the ambulatory legs are about the same length as the chelipeds and fall below the lateral dimension of the carapace; not only do all the legs fold under the body but their segments are so modified that in an attitude of repose all of the opposed surfaces and edges are fitted together with admirable nicety, and the animal is boxed up as effectually as a tortoise in its shell. The dactyle of the left cheliped shuts over the dactyle of the right as in Calappa and, as in that genus, the immobile fingers are shortened and bent down so that their cutting edges are nearly at right angles with the long axis of the chelz; the outer edge of the left dactyle fits throughout its whole length exactly against a tuberculous ridge along the anterior bor- der of the right hand. The antero-inferior angle of the merus is bevelled off for the reception of the chela when flexed, so that the exposed face of the chela is then on a level with the Hat expanse formed by the sternal plastron and the bases of the ambulatory legs. Furthermore, a special process devel- oped on the anterior border of the basal segment of the chelipeds locks the tips of the chelipeds to the sternum when those appendages are folded in. In order that the ambulatory legs when flexed may not project below the level of the sternal plastron, their meral segments are set at an angle with the ischia, whose inferior distal borders are raised into prominent ridges. The propodites and dactyli, when folded, impinge on these ridges, but hardly project beyond them. * Proc. Zodlog. Soc. London, XVI. 48, 1848. ¢ Paralomis aculeata Hend., Rep. Challenger Anomura, p. 45, Pl. V. Fig. 1, and P. formosa Hend., op. cit., p. 46, Pl. V. Fig. 2. The two species assigned to Paralomis in my preliminary report, P. aspera and P. longipes (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 164, 165) belong to the aculeata group, which Mr. Benedict proposes to call Leptolithodes. 46 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. In the genus Paralomis, as typified by P. granulosa and illustrated also by P. diomedew, the ambulatory appendages are considerably longer than the chelipeds, and much longer than the carapace is broad; when flexed beneath the thorax, the tips of the dactyli extend over the ischia even to the basal segments; although the legs are folded beneath the body when at rest, there are none of those special modifications of structure resulting in that perfect fitting together and fixity of parts exhibited in the genus Eehimocerus, as described above. The natural position of Paralonus lies between Lchinocerus and Leptolithodes. Paralomis diomedes FAx. Plate VIL, Fig. 8, 8%, 2. Echinocerus diomedee Fax, Bull, Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 164, 1893. Carapace subpentagonal, gastric and branchial regions inflated, the whole surface beset with tubercles which give rise to minute sete. There is one rather more prominent tubercle in the depression on each side of the gastric area, Rostrum short, three-spined ; one of the spines is median and inferior, two are paired near the base above; in one of the two specimens obtained the median spine is toothed below. The antero-lateral margin of the cara- pace is irregularly toothed, Eye-stalks spinulose above, with one prominent spine projecting forward over the cornea. ‘The movable scale or spine of the antenna is spinulose on each side (four or five spines on each margin). The merus of the cheliped bears a spine on the inner side at the distal end ; the carpus is smooth outside, the inner border expanded into a seven-toothed crest setose within, the outer border straight, naked, and keeled ; the chele are of unequal size (the right being the larger), setose, spiny on the upper edge, fingers spoon-shaped within, setose and somewhat gaping. Ambulatory appendages: the meri are spinose on their edges; the ante- rior border of the carpus of the first pair :s furnished with a crest whose edge is even and entire; the propodite of the first pair 1s crested along the proximal half of its anterior border, while the distal half is armed with two or three teeth; the carpus and propodite of the second and third pairs are toothed on the anterior margin, the propodite of the third pair is also toothed on the posterior margin ; all the segments are hirsute, especially the dactyli. When the legs are closely folded against the sides of the carapace ® wide interval is left between the carpi of the cheliped and first pair of ambulatory LEPTOLITHODES ASPER. 47 appendages, bounded by the opposite crests of these segments, and forming a passage for the admission of water to the gills. This orifice is similar to that seen in Lehinocerus foranunatus Stimps., but it is not so perfectly formed. The apex of the abdomen (in the female) is turned to the right (most strongly in the larger specimen); the marginal plates are wanting on the left side; all the abdominal appendages excepting the first are aborted on the right side. Length, 64 mm.; breadth, 75 mm.; length of cheliped, 73 mm.; length of first ambulatory leg, 92 mm. (merus, 24 mm.; carpus, 20.5 mm. ; propo- dite, 18 mm.; dactylus, 18.5 mm.). Station 5584. 458 fathoms. 1 fem. fe 3394> oll ys Sovig: The previously known species of Paralomis comes from the Straits of Magellan. LEPTOLITHODES Benepicr MS. As before stated on page 45, a specimen of Paralonus granulosa in the United States National Museum clearly demonstrates the generic diversity of that species and the two forms assigned to Paralonis by Henderson in his report on the Anomura of the ‘“ Challenger” Expedition. In a paper which will be published, before the present memoir, in the seventeenth vol- ume of the Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Mr. J. E. Benedict has established the genus Lep/olithodes for the reception of Paralomis aculeata Hend. and allied species. To this genus both P. aspera and P. longipes of my preliminary report belong. Leptolithodes asper Fax. Plate VIII. Paralomis aspera Fax., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 164, 1893. Carapace pentagonal, as broad as long; gastric, cardiac, and branchial regions well defined and prominent; the posterior portion of the postero- lateral margin is raised into a rounded irregular ridge, and there is a round- ish hump on each branchial region in front of the posterior margin of the carapace ; whole surface of carapace and abdomen thickly beset with papilla or tubercles, each one of which is encircled with a crown of stiff setae. Ros- trum short, indistinctly tripartite, multispinose, lower part armed with as a 48 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. many as five spines. A sharp dark-tipped spine at the external orbital angle, another at the antero-lateral angle of the carapace, and four or five, irregu- larly arranged, on the margin of the branchial region. The dorsal face of the second abdominal segment consists of a single plate, undivided by longitudinal sutures, with a deep depression on each side of the middle. The following segments are unsymmetrical on the two sides in the unique type specimen (female), the abdomen being twisted to the right. The lateral margins of these segments are laciniated. Hye-stalks spinulose above, eyes very black, with downward aspect. Distal segment of antennule munch longer than the antecedent segment, tuberculous above. Antennze of moderate length; outer margin of first segment spinulose ; second segment spinulose and produced on the outer side to a long spine; movable acicle reaching to the distal end of the peduncle, spinose, the longer spines marginal, one spinule on the lower side and another on th upper side near the base; the penultimate and ultimate segments of the peduncle bear small setiferous tubercles. Right cheliped more robust than its fellow, thickly beset with strong spines. Ambulatory legs of moderate length for this genus, stout, spimose like the chelipeds; their basal segments are well-nigh covered by the overlapping margin of the abdomen (in the female). Length of carapace, 113 mm.; length of rostrum, 9 mm.; breadth of carapace, 115 mm.; length of posterior ambulatory legs, 255 mm. (merus, he) 68 mm.; carpus, 59 mm.; propodite, 72 mm.; dactylus, 56.5 mm.). Station 3353. 695 fathoms. 1 fem. The specimen above described was infested with a huge Pedtogaster, 36 mm. in breadth. Leptolithodes longipes Fax. Plate 1X. Paralomis longipes Fax., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 165, 1893. Male. — Carapace triangular ; gastric, cardiac, and branchial regions well defined, protuberant; the most prominent part of the cardiac area attains to a higher level than the branchial areas ; whole surface of the carapace thickly covered with blunt tubercles ; viewed under a lens each tubercle is seen to be encircled with a ring of short stiff sete ; one of the tubercles, situated in front of the centre of the gastric region, is spiniform. Rostrum furnished or Lo) with three prominent spines, one median and inferior, two lateral and su- LEPTOLITHODES LONGIPES. 49 perior; the latter are not so long as the inferior spine; there is, besides, a spinule on the lower side of the inferior spine, and a still smaller one above, between the roots of the superior pair. There are two pairs of long spines on the anterior margin of the carapace, one at the external orbital angles, the other at the antero-lateral angles of the carapace. There are also three or four prominent spines on the side of each branchial area. Eye-stalks spinulose above. Basal segment of the antenna armed with an external spine, the second segment with several spines, the most promi- nent of which is on the outer side; acicle furnished with five prongs or spines, the largest median, the others lateral; flagellum much longer than the carapace. Cheliped of moderate size (the right one is lost from the only male specimen secured), coxa tuberculate on the lower face, the following seg- ments armed with strong spines, fingers excavated within, slightly gaping, penicillate, cutting edges entire. Ambulatory appendages very long, second and third pairs of about equal length and longer than the first pair; all of them armed, like the chelipeds, with spines; the spines tend toward a regu- lar arrangement in longitudinal rows, and the spaces between the spines are smooth and naked, i. e. nearly free from spinules, tubercles, and sete. Second segment of the abdomen composed of a single calcified plate, marked by a deep hollow on each side of the middle. The other segments of the abdomen are of a leathery, semi-membranaceous consistency, and are made up of five longitudinal rows of plates; viz., one median row, flanked by a row on each side, the latter in turn bounded externally by a marginal series. The whole surface of the abdomen is verrucose. Length of carapace, including rostrum, 84 mm. ; greatest breadth of cara- pace, 78 mm.; breadth between the antero-lateral angles of carapace, 54 mm.; length of last ambulatory appendages, 242 mm. (merus, 76 mm., carpus, 36 mm., propodite, 64 mm., dactylus, 47 mm.). In the female the right chela is larger than the left, and the prehensile edges of the fingers are furnished with blunt teeth. The abdomen is unsym- metrical, the apex turned to the right, the marginal plates absent from the left side; the right side bears but one ovigerous appendage (the first). The abdomen nearly conceals the basal segments of the thoracic legs, which in the male are almost wholly exposed. Station 3371. 770 fathoms. 1 male, 1 fem. ovig. The egg measures 2 mm. in diameter. In this species the abdominal segments posterior to the second are mem- 7 50 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. branaceous, as in the genus Dermaturus Brandt.* In all essential structural features, however, it agrees with the preceding species (Leptolithodes asper) and conforms to the genus Leptolithodes. A Leptolithodes, in some respects intermediate between L. longipes and L. asper, inhabits both the east and west coasts of the North Pacific (British Columbia and Japan). From this species (which is apparently undescribed) both L. ongipes and L. asper of the tropical Pacific coast of America are probably derived. LITHODES Larr. Gen. Crust., 1. 39, 1806. Lithodes panamensis Fax. Plate Xe Pig. Te Tae: Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 166, 1893. Carapace subpiriform, of about equal length and breadth; gastric and branchial regions very convex; a deep depression on each side at the an- terior limit of the branchial areas, and another between the gastric and cardiac areas. Rostrum cylindrical, terminating in three spines or teeth, one of which is median, the other two lateral; a long horn, slightly up- curved, is given off from the lower side of the proximal end of the rostrum. The whole surface of the carapace is rough with low warty protuberances ; the gastric region bears two pairs of spines, the anterior pair separated by a greater interval than the posterior pair. Two small spines on each branchial area and two on the intestinal region. The orbit is bounded externally by a prominent spine, and there are five more spines on the lateral border of the carapace ; viz., one at the antero-lateral angle, one on the hepatic region, and three on the branchial. Besides these, there is a rudimentary lateral spine near the anterior limit of the branchial region. The posterior margin of the carapace is tuberculated, not spinose. The third segment of the anten- nular peduncle is equal to the first segment in length and considerably longer than the second segment. The antenne are about equal in length to the carapace without the rostrum; the second segment is armed with a long and sharp external spine; there is, moreover, on the antenna of the right side a movable thorn-like acicle equal in length to the last two segments of * Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad, Impér. Sei. St. Pétersbourg, VIII. 268, 1850. LITHODES PANAMENSIS. 51 the peduncle together; the acicle is armed with a small tooth on the external margin midway between the base and the tip. There is no trace of an acicle on the left antenna in the type specimen, which is the only one obtained. The last segment of the peduncle is nearly twice as long as the penultimate segment. The chelipeds are furnished with scattered tubercles, a few of which assume a spiny character. The left cheliped is rather slenderer than its fellow. The ambulatory legs are long and rather slender, their meri sparsely furnished above with tubercles, which tend to assume a spiny form on the anterior and posterior margins; at the distal end of the anterior margin of the meri there is a prominent spine-like tooth; the carpi and propodites are armed with teeth, as shown in the figure; the dactyli are equipped with four short spines (two superior and two lateral) near the proximal end. The abdominal segments (of the female) are roughened by low tubercles and dentate on their margins. The lateral teeth of the mar- ginal plates of the right side are drawn out into long spines, as shown in Fig. 1’, Plate X. The tergal plate of the second abdominal segment is com- pletely fused with the epimera, showing no trace of an intervening suture. The marginal (episternal ?) plates of this segment are bounded within by a distinct suture. Length of carapace, excluding rostrum, 79 mm.; rostrum, 14 mm. ; breadth of carapace, 79.5 mm.; length of posterior pair of ambulatory legs, 193 mm. (merus, 58.5 mm.; carpus, 51 mm., propodite, 54 mm., dac- tylus, 35 mm.). Station 3384. 458 fathoms. 1 fem. Lithodes panamensis finds its nearest relatives in ZL. ¢urritus Ortm.,* from Japan, and L. murrayi Hend.,t from Prince Edward Island in the Southern Ocean. Two more species of Lithodes were obtained, but they are represented by specimens too young to furnish specific characters. One of these immature forms very closely resembles young individuals of Lithodes agassizii Smith, such as are represented on Plate I, Fig. 2, of Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., Vol. X., No. 1, and probably belongs to the same or a closely allied species. It is represented by three individuals (the largest 14 mm. long) from Station 3365, 1010 fathoms, Station 3407, 885 fathoms, and Station 3418, 660 * Ortmann, Zoolog. Jahrb., Abth. f. Syst., VI. 320, Taf. XIT. Fig. 26, 1892. + Henderson, Rep. Challenger Anomura, p. 43, Plate IV., 1888. Nt baal Boe 02 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. fathoms. The other species is represented by a single example from Sta- tion 3425, 689 fathoms, and is portrayed on Plate X., Fig. 2. The rostrum in this specimen is more than one half as long as the rest of the carapace, and is forked at the tip, as in ZL. maia (Linn.) and L. murrayi Hend. There is a long spine on the lower side of the base of the rostrum, directed for- ward, and there are two pairs of lateral rostral spines. The second anten- nal segment is armed with a long spine which bears a short spinule on its outer side near the base. Length of carapace without the rostrum, 17 mm. ; length of rostrum, 9 mm.; breadth of carapace, 16 mm. Famity CQiNOBITID i. CQG:NOBITA Larr. Fam. Nat. pp. 276, 277, 1825 [Cénobite]; Cuvier’s Regne Animal, 2° éd., IV. 77, 1829 [ Cenobita]. Coenobita compressus Gum. Voyage de “ La Coquille,” Zool., T. II., Part II., 1 Div., p. 20, 1830. Indefatigable Island, Galapagos, 1 male in shell of Nerita scabricosta. Acapulco, Mexico, 21 specimens in shells of Nerita, Nassa, Murex, Terebra, Purpura, Modulus, Cerithium, Natica, ete. Guérin’s types of this widely distributed and variable species came from Payta, Peru. A recent revision of the genus Cenobita, by E. L. Bouvier, will be found in Bull. de la Soc. Philomath. de Paris, 8° Sér., II. 143-150, 1890, and III. 21, 1891. Famity PAGURID JS. CANCELLUS M. Epw. Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 2° Sér., VI. 262, 286, 1836. Cancellus tanneri Fax. Plate XI., Fig. 1-1". 3ull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 167, 1893. The anterior part of the carapace, in front of the cervical suture, is calcified, about as broad as long; the anterior margin is produced to form a rudimentary triangular rostrum between the eye-stalks, and concave on each side of the median line; the antero-lateral angles project forward as far as the rostrum and are broadly rounded; the infero-lateral margin is densely CANCELLUS TANNERI. 53 pilose. Behind the cervical groove the cardiae area is conspicuous as a cal- cified plate, rounded behind; on each side of the anterior part of the cardiac area there is a narrow, distinctly calcified area belonging to the branchial region; aside from this the branchial areas are soft and membranous. The abdomen is very short and obese, convex above in both directions, soft and clothed with a short velvety down, excepting the last three segments, which are calcified ; the terminal segment or telson is broader than long, its sides regularly rounded, its hind margin nearly straight. The abdomen as a whole is not quite bilaterally symmetrical, the right side being more swollen than the left, a condition which gives the abdomen a slight twist to the left. The eye-stalks are slender, cylindrical, slightly curved inward, and some- what shorter than the anterior section of the carapace; the eyes are small, not broader than the eye-stalk, and of a dark brown hue. The opththalmic scales are triangular, short, acute, and produced to a prominent angle on the external side of the proximal end. The antennular peduncle is about one half as long as the eye-stalk ; it bears a short flagellum which reaches beyond the eyes by one half of its length. The antennal scale is short and triangular; it ends in a small distal spine; the external margin is armed with three, the internal margin with two, small spinous teeth. The chelipeds are short, stout, and symmetrical. As in the other spe- cies of this genus, the upper surface of the propodite and anterior part of the carpus are flattened so as to form, when the right and left chelipeds are brought together, a facet, — the front wall of the operculum which closes the orifice of the cavity in which the animal dwells. The inner margin of each demi-facet is raised into a crest, whose margin is cut into closely approxi- mated quadrangular lobes by perpendicular fissures; the free margin of each lobe, moreover, is irregularly toothed; the whole upper and outer surface of the propodite is more or less rugose. The fingers are short and thick; they meet only at the tips, which are furnished with very large, horny, black nails; the opposed edges of the fingers are armed with coarse teeth; the movable finger is strongly curved and its surface is tuberculose ; both fingers are furnished with pencils of long and coarse bristles. The movable finger (dactylus) moves in a plane oblique to the plane of symmetry of the body. The superior face of the anterior part of the carpus, together with the cor- responding face of the propodite and dactylus of the second pair of legs, is flattened to form the external part of the operculum. As in the chelipeds, so here the margins of the opercular facet are cut into denticulated lobes ; 54 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. they are, furthermore, furnished with numerous light-colored sete. The opercular face between the lobulated margins is granulated. The dactylus is about equal to the propodite in length, and ends in a brown, horny claw. The third pair of appendages is furnished with scattered amber-colored sete, those on the superior margin arising from tubercles or blunt teeth, which are found on the merus, carpus, propodite, and dactylus. The dactylus of these appendages again is equal in length to the propodite, and is tipped with a horny nail or claw. The coxal segment of the last pair of thoracic appen- dages has the anterior border convex, but not produced to form a prominent lobe. The calcified parts of the test are white, spotted with red. On the eye- stalks and legs the spots show a tendency to coalesce in transverse bands. Length of carapace, 7 mm.; breadth of carapace, 5mm.; eye-stalk, 3 mm. Station 3368. 66 fathoms. 1 male. The sole specimen obtained was found within a cavity formed in a piece of dead coral rock. Three other species of Cancellus have been described, viz., Cancellus canaliculatus (Herbst)* from the East Indies, C. typus M. Edw.,t habitat un- known, and C. parfaiti A. M. Edw. et Bouv.} from the Cape Verde Islands. Compared with C. canaliculatus, C. tanneri is distinguished by its much shorter and stouter abdomen, by the lobation of the marginal crests of the chelipeds and second pair of legs, by the pubescence of the thorax and abdo- men, and the shortness of the antennee. From C. ¢ypus it differs in having the anterior border of the carapace less deeply incised on either side of the rostrum, and the telson squarely truncated posteriorly and not notched in the middle; the cox of the last pair of legs, too, present a very different shape in that they lack the prominent anterior lobe observable in C. typus. C. parfaiti has not been figured. It is said to agree closely with C. canalicu- latus, save that the margins of the opercular facets of the legs are cut into quadrangular lobes as in C. tanneri. Judging from Milne Edwards and Bou- vier's diagnosis, it would seem to differ from C. ¢annert in having longer eye- stalks, less pubescence upon thorax and abdomen, and the coxal segments of the posterior legs far more protuberant. * Cancer canaliculatus Herbst, Naturgeschichte der Krabben und Krebse, Bd. III., Heft IV., p. 22, Plate LX. Fig 6, 1804. t Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 2° Sér., VI. 286, 287, Plate XIV. Fig. 3, 3a, 1836; Hist. Nat. des Crustacés, IL. 243, 1837. t Bull. Soc. Philomath. de Paris, 8*™e Sér., III. 69, 70, 1891. EUPAGURUS CALIFORNIENSIS. 55 In the unique type specimen of C. tamneri the abdomen is not quite sym- metrical, but this may be an individual peculiarity resulting from the shape of the cavity in the stone which formed its abode. CALCINUS Dana. Proc. Aead. Nat. Sci. Phila., V. 268, 185]. Calcinus obscurus Srimps. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII. 83, 1859. Two specimens, collected at Panama. The larger specimen is in the shell of Nerita scabricosta, EUPAGURUS Branpr (restr.). Middendorff’s Sibirische Reise, Bd. I., Th. 1, p. 105, 1851. Restricted by Srmrpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. X. 236, 1858. Eupagurus californiensis Brenepicr. Plate XI., Fig. 2-2". Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XV. 21, 1892. This species belongs to the EF. tenwimanus group (subgenus Elassochirus Benedict *), which includes smooth species with broadly oval right hand, very small left hand, and ophthalmic scales usually long, pointed, and con- cave above. The species belonging to this group in many ways approach the genus Pylopagurus A. M. Edw. et Bouv.,t but the right hand is not trans- formed into the highly specialized operculum of Pylopagurus, and there are no paired sexual appendages on the abdomen in either sex. Description of a male. — Body and appendages, in general, smooth and free from hairs. Carapace shorter than the abdomen; anterior section longer than the posterior, indurated, smooth, polished, naked, convex from side to side, longer than wide; gastric region bounded on each side by a conspicuous longitudinal furrow ; median projection of the front short and acute, pro- duced beyond the lateral projections, which are angular but not acute ; a stiff hair springs from each side of the base of the median projection of the front. Eye-stalks rather long, curved slightly outward, somewhat enlarged at the distal end, and furnished with a few small tufts of hair arranged in a longitu- * Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV. 1, 1892. + Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. XIV, No. 3, p. 74, 1893. 56 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. dinal line on the middle of the dorsal side. Ophthalmic scales long, pointed, grooved on the dorsal side. Antennular and antennal peduncles not much longer than the eye-stalk. Second segment of antenna produced on the outer side into an acute process which reaches about one third of the way to the tip of the antennal acicle ; there is also a minute acute tooth at the inner distal angle of this segment of the antenna. The acicle is somewhat shorter than the eye-stalk. Chelipeds very unequal in size. Right cheliped reaching forward about the same distance as the ambulatory legs. The merus of this appendage reaches but little beyond the eye; it is trigonal, the surface for the most part smooth and naked, the upper margin obtuse and unarmed, the distal dorsal border armed with three small acute teeth; the lower face of the merus is somewhat hollowed out and the antero-lateral margins on either side of the articulating membrane between this segment and the carpus are cristate and denticulate. The carpus widens from the proximal to the distal end where the width exceeds the length of the segment; its upper surface is convex, naked, rather sparsely ornamented with very minute tubercles visible under a lens, its inner margin armed with about nine coarse blunt teeth (alternately larger and smaller), its outer margin clearly defined by a low, obscurely toothed ridge. The hand is very broad, its upper face convex in both directions, and set with minute rounded tubercles which increase in size on the distal part of the segment, especially on the immovable finger ; the inner border produced into bluntly toothed crest which projects far be- yond the corresponding border of the dactylus; the outer margin is defined by a crenate rim; the lower face is beset with low, inconspicuous, granular tubercles. The outer margin of the dactylus is cut into rounded teeth, and a conspicuous blunt-toothed ridge runs the length of the upper face; the sur- face between this ridge and the outer edge is deeply concave; the prehensile edges of both fingers are armed with coarse calcareous teeth. The left cheliped is very small and slender, reaching only to the distal end of the carpus of the left ambulatory appendages. The merus is laterally compressed ; its upper margin is rounded, the lower external margin is spinulose at the distal end, near the articulation with the carpus. The upper side of the carpus is concave and bordered on each side with a row of spines; there is a sharp tooth at the distal end of the external inferior margin. The chela is longer than the carpus, with fingers longer than the palm; the dorsal face of the hand is conyex, rising into an obscurely tuberculated ridge which CATAPAGURUS DIOMEDEZE. 57 runs from the carpal articulation to the base of the immovable finger ; scat- tered hairs are found on the chela; they are most numerous near the tips of the fingers. The ambulatory legs are pretty smooth, with rounded margins. The dactylus of the first pair is equal to the propodite in length, while the dacty- lus of the second pair exceeds the propodite. The dactyli of both pairs are furnished with stiff setae, most conspicuous along the lower margin ; a curved, sharp nail tips the dactyli. At the distal end of the upper margin of the carpi a small, sharp tooth is seen projecting over the proximal part of the propodite. The fourth pair of legs is sub-chelate, the rasp upon the propodite is formed by a single series of scales. The propodite of the fifth pair of legs is furnished with a tuft of long setae and a broad rasp whose posterior margin is concave. The left side of the abdomen carries three two-branched appendages. The telson is divided by a broad notch into two somewhat unsymmetrical lobes; the posterior margin is spinulose. Length of body, 23.5 mm. ; length of carapace, 9 mm. Station 3368. 66 fathoms. 2 males, without carcincecia. These specimens agree closely with types of Z. californiensis in the U. 8. National Museum from Catalina Harbor, Cal., 30 to 60 fathoms. MM. Milne Edwards and Bouvier have lately described and figured a Eupagurus from Sand Key, Fla., under the name £. smithi.* Since this name had been previously used by Mr. Benedict for another species of Lupagurus from the Gulf of California,t it becomes necessary to change the name of Milne Edwards and Bouvier’s species, which may be called Eupagurus bouviert. CATAPAGURUS A. M. Epw. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., VIII. 46, 1880. Catapagurus diomedee Fax. Plate XIIT., Fig. 2-2". Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 171, 1893. The carapace is smooth and naked, and divided into an anterior and pos- terior section by the cervical groove. The anterior margin projects slightly * Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., Vol. XIV., No. 3, p. 140, Plate X. Fig. 1-12, 1893. + Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV. 4, 1892. 8 58 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. between the eye-stalks, forming a blunt rudimentary rostrum. The gastric region is sharply defined, and presents an indistinct longitudinal furrow on each side of the median line; it is lightly convex in both directions.” The branchial regions of the right and left sides are strongly inflated, and sharply separated from one another by a re-entrant angle formed by the curving forward of the posterior border of the carapace on each side of the median line. The eye-stalks are rather long and slender, being about equal in length to the anterior section of the carapace. The ophthalmic scales are very small and minutely bifid at the tip. The third segment of the antennular pedun- cle is about two thirds the length of the eye-stalk, and increases in diameter from the base to the distal end; the superior flagellum is rather longer than the distal segment of the peduncle, and its enlarged, ciliated basal portion forms rather more than one third of its whole length. The inferior flagel- lum is about one half as long as the superior, and is composed of about eleven segments. The peduncle of the antenna surpasses the eye-stalk by one half the length of its distal segment; the acicle is long and slender, tipped with a few sete; it reaches forward a little beyond the eye; the flagellum reaches beyond the tips of the ambulatory legs. The chelipeds are nearly alike in shape and size; their segments are clothed with long sete, which assume a tomentose appearance on the chele; the carpus is about equal in length to the chela, its inner face is perpendicular, the inner mar- gin of the upper side is armed with seven small spines, and there is also a spine at the distal end of the superior margin; the chela is short and thick, the fingers about the same length as the basal portion of the propodite, ° slightly downecurved, meeting throughout their length, working horizon- tally. The ambulatory legs are of nearly equal length, surpassing the cheli- peds, setose, the carpus armed with a sharp tooth at the distal end of its upper side; the propodite is twice as long as the carpus, the dactylus is considerably longer than the propodite, and like that segment is distinctly curved ; it is tipped by a small horny nail. The fourth pair of legs are but slightly subcheliform; the rasp is formed of a single row of scales. There are three small, rudimentary appendages on the left side of the abdomen; the first and second of these are two-branched, the secondary branch being exceedingly minute. The sexual tube which issues from the coxal segment of the last thoracic appendage of the right side is very long. SPIROPAGURUS OCCIDENTALIS. 59 Length of carapace, 5.5 mm.; abdomen, 8 mm.; cheliped, 12.5 mm.; last ambulatory leg, 17.5 mm.; ocular peduncle, 2.5 mm. Station 3355. 182 fathoms. 1 male, without carcincecium. This species differs much from the more typical species of Catapagurus, C. sharreri A. M. Edw. and C. gracilis Smith, in the shortness of its chelipeds and ambulatory limbs, the symmetry of its chelipeds, and the length of the protruded vas deferens. It is more nearly related to C. australis Henderson.* It would seem to have a close general likeness to Pagurodes pilifer Hender- son, but the gills in C. diomedee are of the phyllobranchiate type. SPIROPAGURUS Srurs. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., X. 236, 1858. Spiropagurus occidentalis Fax. Plate XIV., Fig. 1-1". Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 172, 1893. The carapace is smooth and naked except on the sides of the branchial regions where a few hairs arise; the branchial regions are swollen, mem- branaceous, and covered with a net-work of white lines; the cardiac region is long and narrow; the portion of the carapace in front of the cervical groove is calcified, produced in the median line anteriorly to form a short, broad, and obtuse rostrum, which does not conceal the ophthalmic segment; the lateral teeth are acute and project as far as the rostrum does; they form a sharp demarcation between the front and the oblique antero-lateral border of the carapace. The ophthalmic scales are triangular, with simple tips. The ocular pedun- cles are enlarged at the distal end, hardly overreaching the distal end of the second segment of the antennular flagellum, and the third segment of the antennal flagellum. The last segment of the antennular peduncle is more than twice as long as the penultimate segment. The second segment of the antennal peduncle is produced externally into a long, sharp tooth; the antero-internal angle is likewise armed with a small spine; the acicle is long, sharp, curved, and furnished with sete, as are also the several joints of the peduncle. The chelipeds are subequal, the right chela being appreciably larger * Rep. Challenger Anomura, p. 76, Plate VIII. Fig. 1, 1888. 60 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. than the left; the ischium is armed with about five denticles along the internal margin; the inner margin of the merus is armed with the same number of rather larger teeth; the inner margin of both of these segments is furnished with long and slender seta; the surface cf the carpus is rough with setiferous rug, and is armed with scattered spinules upon its upper face, and with a row of larger spines along the internal margin of the upper face. The external face of the propodite is armed with spines which are regularly arranged in five longitudinal rows; only at the distal end of the propodite, at the base of the fingers, do these spines lose their regular serial arrangement; from the bases of these spines spring long sete ; the fingers are acute, tuberculo-spinose and setose, like the hand. The fingers of the left hand are longer in proportion to the palm than those of the right hand. The ambulatory legs are rather stout and longer than the chelipeds; their lateral surfaces are smooth; the upper margin of the carpi is armed with a row of little spines, and the corresponding margin of the propodites is den- ticulated ; the dactyli are longer than the propodites, but not so long as the propodites and carpi combined; the anterior pair of ambulatory legs differs from the posterior pair in having the dactylus and propodite a little shorter, and the lower edge of the merus more hairy and minutely spinulose. The telson is deeply cut by a broad median notch in its hind margin into two lobes, the left of which is the larger. The margins of both lobes are spinose. There is (in the alcoholic specimens) a narrow red ring around both fingers near their tips, a broader band of the same color around the base of the fingers, and a red spot on the inner side of the anterior face of the hand. Length of carapace, 6.5 mm.; greatest breadth of carapace, 6 mm. ; length of ocular peduncles, 2.3 mm. Station 5568. 66 fathoms. 1 male. 8379. 52 & iy Carcincecium: Phos. This species, like S. iris A. M. Edw., is characterized by the spiny armature of the chelipeds. It differs from S. iis in having a smaller number of spines upon the anterior face of the chela, and in their arrangement in a few defi- nite longitudinal rows, the surface between the rows being spineless and reticulated. The chela does not display the lively iridescence so striking in Milne Edwards’s species, nor are the ophthalmic scales bidentate at the end. The merus of the third maxillipeds is not armed with a distal spine as in S. es. PYLOPAGURUS LONGIMANUS. 61 PYLOPAGURUS A. M. Epw. et Bouy. Bull. Soc. Philomath. de Paris, 8° Sér., TIT. 108, 1891 (type species mentioned — Zupagurus discoidalis A. M. Edw.) ; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., Vol. XIV., No. 3, p. 74, 1893 (genus described). Eight species of Pylopagurus have hitherto been described, all of them restricted to the West Indian region with the exception of one species, P. ungulatus (Studer), which has been found also near the Cape of Good Hope. They inhabit moderate depths (20-508 fathoms). Three species were secured during the “ Albatross”’ Expedition, all of them closely allied to West Indian forms. Fylopagurus longimanus Fax. Plate XII, Fig. 1-1’. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 168, 1893. Carapace smooth, naked, polished, very convex from side to side; ros- trum short, triangular, subacute, advanced further than the rounded lateral angles. Abdomen longer than the cephalo-thorax. Eye-stalks equal in length to the first two segments of the antennular peduncle, smooth, pol- ished, with a few sete on the dorsal face. Ophthalmic segment uncovered. Ophthalmic scales separated by a considerable interval, triangular, their tips split in a horizontal plane so that they end in two acute teeth, one above the other, the lower tooth the longer. Last segment of the antennular peduncle very long and slender (much longer than the eye-stalk), with long setz on its lower side. Second segment of antennal peduncle armed with a small and acute median tooth at the distal end of the dorsal face, and pro- longed into a short and broad triangular external process; third segment robust, reaching nearly to the end of the eye-stalk ; distal segment long and slender; flagellum setose, reaching to the distal end of the carpus of the larger cheliped when this appendage is extended; antennal acicle reaching the end of the eye, curved upward, and furnished with many long sete, especially on the superior border and near the tip. The right cheliped attains an enormous size, much exceeding the whole body in length; the outer face of the merus is nearly smooth, but the lower and inner faces of this segment are granulated; the carpus is very large, equalling in length all the preceding segments combined ; it broadens gradually from the proxi- mal to the distal end, is subquadrate in shape, the height equalling the 62 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. breadth of the distal end; its whole surface is granular, the granules assum- ing the form of small spinulous tubercles on the dorsal face, which is limited within by a row of larger teeth. The chela is irregularly oval, the external side is flattened to form an opercular facet whose proximal limit falls short of the articulation with the carpus; the opercular face is surrounded by a margin of denticles, and its whole surface is thickly set with granules or minute tubercles; the inner or lower side is very convex, granulated, and deeply excavated at the proximal end to receive the carpus when the chela is flexed; the outer margin of the dactylus is somewhat concave toward the distal end; the inner or prehensile edges of both fingers are denticulated, and there is a single tooth of larger size near the middle of the immovable finger which is received in a shallow concavity opposite to it on the inner margin of the dactylus. The left cheliped is very small in comparison with its fellow, its distal end hardly reaching beyond the middle of the carpus of the latter; its seg- ments are much more hairy than those of the right cheliped; the surface of the merus is pretty smooth barring a few spinules on the inferior margin ; the carpus is equal in length to the merus, and is armed with a series of teeth on the upper margin; these teeth increase in length toward the distal end of the segment; the basal part of the propodite is short and swollen, the fingers very long, gaping at the base; the outer or upper faces of the propodite and dactylus are granulated and definitely bounded by a line of regularly arranged granules on the outer margin of the dactylus and the inferior margin of the propodite; the inner or lower face of the chela is pretty free from granules, but is furnished with numerous sete, those on the dactylus being grouped in conspicuous tufts or pencils. The two pairs of ambulatory legs are of about equal length, but those of the right side are much longer than those on the left. The former reach as far as the middle of the large claw, while the latter only reach to its proxi- mal end. Both pairs of ambulatory legs are laterally compressed. Those of the first pair are armed with a row of spiny teeth on the upper margin of the carpus and propodite, and a series of smaller denticles is observable on the distal half of the lower edge of the merus. In those of the second pair the same armature is found on the carpus, but it is. hardly visible on the propodite and merus. The dactyli are somewhat longer than the propo- dites; they are tipped with acute, horny claws and furnished with short, stiff setze along their margins. PYLOPAGURUS LONGIMANUS. 63 The hand of the next pair of appendages is almost perfectly chelate, and is furnished with but few hairs ; its rasp is restricted to the distal part of the claw, but is nevertheless broad and composed of many rows of scales. The hand of the last pair of thoracic appendages is cheliform, ornamented with a tuft of very long and curved hairs on the upper border; the proximal or hind border of the rasp is concave. The abdomen is longer than the carapace ; the integument is very thin and soft, barring the last two segments, whose dorsal walls are well calcified. Asymmetry is but little apparent except through the disparity of the ter- minal appendages, and the absence of false feet on the right side. False feet are found on the left side to the number of three (in the male). Each of them consists of a basal stem which carries two setiferous branches of very unequal size. The sixth somite is divided into two unequal parts by a trans- verse suture ; of the appendages borne by this somite the one on the left side is much larger than that on the right. The telson is imperfectly divided by a transverse suture, and a notch in the posterior margin divides the hinder portion into two lobes which are not quite symmetrical. The posterior margin is armed with a few minute denticles. Traces of color are still perceptible in the alcoholic specimens, especially upon the legs, which are yellowish, variously banded and mottled with red. Length of carapace, 10 mm.; length of carapace in front of cervical groove, 5 mm.; length of eye-stalk, 4 mm.; length of right cheliped, 34.5 mm. (merus, 8 mm., carpus, 11 mm., propodite, 14.8 x 8 mm., dactylus, 10 mm.); length of left cheliped, 18 mm. (chela, 6 mm.), length of. first right ambulatory leg, 7 mm.; dactylus of first right ambulatory leg, 8.5 mm. In younger and smaller specimens the chelipeds are shorter in proportion to the length of the body and the major claw is shorter, broader, and more regularly oval in outline. A specimen whose carapace is 6.5 mm, long gives the following dimensions for the right cheliped: total length, 16.5 mm. ; merus, 4.5 mm.; carpus, 5.5 mm.; propodite, 7.5 mm.; dactylus, 4.5 mm. Station 3368. 66 fathoms. 6 males. One specimen is in a Gastropod shell thickly encrusted with Bryozoa, the others are without carcincecia. Pylopagurus longimanus is similar to P. ungulatus (Studer),* but may be * Bupagurus ungulatus Studer, Crustaceen der Gazelle, p. 26, Plate II. Fig. 13: Abhandl, Koénigl. Akad. Wissensch. zu Berlin, 1882; Pylopagurus ungulatus A.M. Edw. et Bouv., Mem. Mus, Comp. Zoél., Vol. XIV., No. 3, p. 80, Plate VI. Fig. 15-18, 1893. 64 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. readily distinguished from the latter by the great size of the right cheliped, the irregularly oval outline of the right chela, the great length of the distal segment of the antennular peduncle, ete. Pylopagurus affinis Fax. Plate XII., Fig. 2-2. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 169, 1893. This species is nearly related to P. wngulatus, from which it differs in the following respects : the eye-stalks are longer, and narrower at the distal end ; the external prolongation of the second segment of the antenna is longer and slenderer ; the upper margin of the carpus of the right cheliped is armed with two or three spines, the largest of which is close to the anterior border ; the outer face of the carpus is smooth save where a light tubercular ridge runs along the middle. In P. wngulatus this face of the carpus is thickly covered with spinulous granules which assume larger proportions and a uni- serial arrangement on the superior and inferior margins. On extending the comparison to the large chela, further differences between the two species become apparent. In both species the external face is flat, covered with minute spinulous granules, and surrounded by a border of sharp spines; but in P. afinis the marginal spines are larger and more irregular, and the flat opercular facet 1s not sharply defined at the proximal end by the regular arrangement of the marginal spines as in P. wngulatus ; instead, one finds the marginal series of spines broken down at this point, thus effacing any distinct limit between the opercular face of the chela and the articular surface which connects the propodite with the carpus. The inner or lower surface of the large chela is smooth in P. affnis, granulated in P. ungulatus. The left cheli- ped is quite different in the two species: in P. affinis the several segments of which it is composed give rise to long sete which give the appendage a very hairy appearance when contrasted with P. wngulatus ; the inferior border of the chela is conspicuously toothed, while in P. wngulatus it is entire. The ambulatory legs are more hairy in the Pacific species than in P. ungu- ‘us, and their carpal joints are not so distinctly dentate on the superior border. The rasps of the fourth pair of legs are multiserial in both species. The telson P. afinis is symmetrical, subcircular in outline, its posterior border convex and entire; in P. wngulatus, the telson has a deep and wide posterior median notch. PYLOPAGURUS HIRTIMANUS. 65 Length, about 12 mm.; length of carapace, 4.5 mm. Station 3397. 85 fathoms. 1 male. There are three simple, unpaired abdominal appendages on the left side, in the type specimen. The vasa deferentia are extruded from the base of the fifth legs on each side. They appear as slender threads, the one on the right side much longer than its fellow, and twisted (see Plate XII. Fig. 2°). The type specimen inhabited a Nassa shell whose orifice was built out and enlarged by an encrusting, branching Bryozoon. Pylopagurus hirtimanus Fax. Talidee Xl. Fig. 1°. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 170, 1893. This species closely resembles P. vosaceus A. M. Edw. et Bouv.,* from the West Indian seas. Compared with the type of P. rosaceus it presents the fol- lowing differences: the eye-stalks are a little slenderer, and together with the ophthalmic scales are separated by a wide interval, in which the anten- nules lie, exposed from above. In P. vosaceus, on the contrary, the ophthal- mic stalks and scales are closely approximated, concealing the antennules beneath. The outer face of the right chela is ornamented with conical tubercles whose bases are expanded into circular plates; these plates are closely packed over the surface of the chela so that no interstices are left between them; their borders are cut into a large number of minute radiat- ing processes ; on the basal half of the propodite the tubercles give rise to long sete which render that part of the claw conspicuously hirsute, in con- trast with the distal part which is naked ; furthermore, on the distal half of the propodite, especially on the concave surface of the immovable finger, the tubercular processes tend to become obsolete, leaving only the basal circular radiate plates; the bases of the conical teeth along the outer margin of the hand and movable finger are expanded into flattened roundish surfaces with radiate margins; these surfaces form a conspicuous outer border to the hand; the inner face of the hand is tuberculated. In P. rosaceus the tubercles of the outer face of the chela are encircled by rounded gran- ules much less numerous than the radiating points in P. hirtimanus ; the tubercles are so loosely arranged that numerous interstices are apparent between them; the hairs on the basal half of the hand are not so well ‘ * Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., Vol. XIV., No. 3, p. 97, Plate VII. Fig. 10-17, 1893. 9 66 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA, developed as in the Pacific species, the whole outer face of the immov- able finger is strongly tuberculated, the teeth of the lower margin are not expanded into conspicuous plates, and the inner face of the chela is nearly smooth. The carpus in P. hirtimanus 1s armed with larger spies on the internal margin, is more hairy, and more coarsely granulated on its inner, inferior, and outer surfaces than it is in P. rosaceus. The left chela is com- paratively smaller than in P. rosaceus, is more strongly toothed along the internal margin of the propodite and dactylus, and exhibits, besides, most of the above-specified peculiarities of the right claw. The primary branch of the unpaired abdominal appendages is shorter and broader than in P, rosa- ceus. The rasp on the propodus of the fourth pair of legs is uniserial as in P. rosaceus. Length of carapace of largest male, 12 mm.; length of carapace in front of cervical groove, 7 mm.; breadth across the branchial regions, 9.5 mm. ; length of large claw, 11 mm.; breadth of large claw, 7 mm. Station 3367. 100 fathoms. 2 males, 1 fem. = 3008. 7bb. Ou, waa: Carcineecia: Phos, Columbella, Nassa. A good deal of the color is still preserved in alcohol. The lower surface of the eye-stalk is quite a deep red, while the upper surface is a pale yellow. The merus and carpus of the chelipeds and all the segments of the ambula- tory legs from the ischium to the dactylus inclusive are banded transversely with bright red on a yellowish ground. PAGURISTES Dana. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V. 269, 271, 1851. Paguristes fecundus Fax. Plate XIV., Fig. 2-2. 3ull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXIV. 173, 1893. The anterior or gastric section of the carapace is smooth in the central and hinder parts, rugose near the front, and tuberculose in the antero- lateral region, where a few of the tubercles assume a spiny form; from the tubercular surface spring long slender sete. The anterior margin of the carapace is produced in the median line so as to form an acute triangu- lar rostrum which projects beyond the subacute lateral processes; between PAGURISTES FECUNDUS. 67 the rostrum and the lateral processes the anterior border is concave and thickened so as to form a rim. The anterior gastric lobes are clearly defined anteriorly. r The ocular peduncles are long and cylindrical, reaching considerably beyond the antennal peduncle, but not quite so far as the antennular peduncle. The ophthalmic scales are of moderate size and bidentate at the tip, the external tooth very minute. The antennal acicle reaches almost to the end of the peduncle ; it is setose, and armed with six spines, two of which form a terminal fork, the others beng marginal. The external prolongation of the second antennal segment is narrow, setose, and minutely spinulose ; there is, moreover, a spinule on the upper face of this segment behind the base of the acicle; the antennal flagellum is very short (about equal in length to the anterior section of the carapace). The third pair of maxilli- peds are closely approximated at their bases; their merus joints are armed with three or four denticles on the lower margin and one at the distal end of the upper margin. The chelipeds are short and of like size and shape; the merus is smooth within, rugose without ; the two inferior margins armed with minute black- tipped spinules. The carpus is tomentose and spinulose, the largest spines occurring along the superior border; the hand is both spinulose and pubes- cent, but the hair is less dense upon the fingers than upon the basal portion of the hand, which is short and swollen below. The fingers are short, exca- vated within, and terminate bluntly in dark, corneous nails. The ambula- tory limbs are pubescent, particularly on the upper and lower margins; the distal end of the merus, and also the carpus, propodite, and dactylus are armed with numerous spines, the most prominent of which are arranged in a row along the upper border of the carpus and propodite ; the dactylus is about equal in length to the propodite and carpus together. The legs of the fourth pair are furnished with long hairs on their upper mar- gin, and there are a few spines on the upper margin of the carpus; the pro- podite is rather longer than the dactylus, and the rasping surface on its lower margin occupies two thirds of its length. The last pair of legs are much less hairy than the preceding pair; the rasping surface, which is truncate pos- teriorly, falls a little short of reaching the middle of the hand. The telson is divided by a pair of lateral incisions and a median one into four lobes, those on the left side the larger; the pair of terminal lobes are obscurely toothed on their margins. — 68 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. Length of carapace, 9.5 mm.; breadth, 7 mm.; length of ocular peduncle, 4 mm. Station 3368. 66 fathoms. 2 fem. ovig., in shells of Jhtra and Phos. This species is nearly related to P. lymani A. M. Edw. et Bouv.* of the West Indian region, and to P. subpilosus Hend.ft of New Zealand. From the former it is distinguished by the more prominent and acute rostrum which overhangs the ocular segment, by the smaller number of spines on the antennal acicle, and by the armature of the telson, the margin of which is ornamented with obscure teeth, while in P. dymani it is furnished with numerous spines whose tips are horny and dark colored. From LP. subpilosus it differs in having shorter eye-stalks and antennal acicle, fewer spines on the antennal acicle, a longer and narrower external prolongation of the second joint of the antenna, and a differently shaped telson. The ovisacs of both specimens are large and filled with eggs. PARAPAGURUS Smirz. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., V. 50, 1879. Parapagurus pilosimanus abyssorum (Henp.). Parapagurus abyssorum A. M. Ew. MS., Henp., Rep, Challenger Anomura, p. 87, Plate IX. Fig, 2, 1888. Parapagurus pilosimanus, var. abyssorum A. M. Epw. et Bouv., Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 7¢™° Sér., XIII 205, 1892. Station 3362. 1175 fathoms. 1 male. 4 3363. 978“ 5 males, 5 fem. . 3364. 902 ‘* 1 male. . 3366. 1067 « 2 males, 3 fem. es Ssrie «wae 6 males, 15 fem. ae a574. 1823 « 1 fem. BS $370. 1201 . “* 1 male. 4% sa76. 1182 -% 2 males, 2 fem. od 3380 899 «* 1 male. 6c Sova, 12g) 1 male, 1 fem. &s 3393. .1020 « 2 males, 2 fem. - 3400. 1322 « 4 males, 3 fem. " 3407. 885 « 1 male. * Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., Vol. XIV., No. 3, p. 49, Plate IV. Fig. 13-22, 1893. + Rep. Challenger Anomura, p. 77, Plate VIII. Fig. 2, 2a, 1888. PETROLISTHES AGASSIZII. 69 Station 5413. 1560 fathoms. 2 males, 6 fem. cc 3429. OO ss 2 males. ks e431. 995 “ 1 male, 2 fem. 6 ata. L42i 1 male, 1 fem. The carcincecia are Gastropod shells which support, and in most cases are more or less completely absorbed by, a sea-anemone or a colony of Lpizoanthus. Among the determinable shells are Solariella, Natica, and Phos. Famity PORCELLANID A. PETROLISTHES Svrimprs. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., X. 227, 1858. Petrolisthes occidentalis Srimrs. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII. 73, 1859. Reef at Panama, March 12. 4 males, 8 fem. ovig. In recent alcoholic specimens the transverse ridges and squamiform tuber- cles of the carapace are dark red, the intervening spaces yellowish. The lower surface, including the abdomen, deep madder. Petrolisthes agassizii Fax. Plate: XV. Figs Da, 1 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXIV. 174, 1893. In this pretty species the whole upper surface of the carapace is crossed by piliferous plications or rugze which are broken and irregular on the ante- rior half of the carapace, but posteriorly they extend across the whole upper surface without a break. The length of the carapace is equal to the breadth, the front is prominent, somewhat deflexed, not trifid; a longitudinal median sulcus extends back some distance on the gastric region. The supraorbital margin is convex and thickened, separated from the front by a deep groove ; the posterior angle of the orbit is obtuse, but denticulated. On the lateral margin of the carapace a minute spine is discernible just behind the cervical groove. The pterygostomian region is clothed with a dense pubescence. The basal joint of the antenna has a prominent denticulated lobe on its inner side. Chelipeds: merus rugose, armed with a strong tooth on the distal internal angle; carpus long, thickly set with flat, squamous tubercles both above and below, anterior border three-toothed, upper surface with two lon- 70 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. gitudinal depressions running the length of the segment; propodite long, closely set with piliferous squames on both surfaces; a longitudinal depres- sion runs from the articulation of the dactylus back to the carpus; both fingers densely pubescent within at base. Ambulatory appendages: meri rugose, with spinules on anterior margin, and a spine at the posterior angle of the distal end of the first and second pairs. The surface of the abdomen, sternum, and outer maxillipeds is thrown into setiferous folds or ridges. Color (in alcohol): reddish, lighter below, the pigment assuming the form of spots on the basal parts of the abdomen; a large blood-red spot on the propodite of the outer maxillipeds. Carapace, 5X 5 mm.; cheliped, 34 mm.; carpus, 10.5 mm.; chela, 20 mm. One male, taken with the preceding species on the reef at Panama at low tide, March 12. In the shape of the carapace and the front this species bears a close resemblance to Petrolisthes sexspinosus (Gibbes) and P. occidentalis Stimps., but the transverse ridges are more broken anteriorly, while posteriorly they extend uninterruptedly across the whole width of the carapace, being here more perfectly developed and less broken than in the two species named above. The carpus and claw, moreover, are longer and narrower, the ante- rior margin of the carpus is three-toothed instead of five-toothed. The squames of the carpus and claw do not tend to widen out into ridges or folds on either the upper or lower surfaces, but preserve the form of close set imbricated scales over the whole surface, including the space between the longitudinal depressions of the carpus and along the depressed line of the propodite. The form of the carpus approaches nearer to that of Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes),* but the present species may be readily distinguished from P. armatus by the prominent rugs of the carapace, and squames of the che- lipeds. From P. edwardsii (Sauss.) the present species is distinguished by its longer chelipeds, by the ridges of the hinder part of the carapace extending clear across the carapace without interruption, etc. The ridges of the frontal lobes are much more strongly developed in P. agassizi than in any of the allied species nentioned above. * Porcellana armata Gibbes, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 3d Meeting, p. 190, 1850. Dr. Stimpson, when labelling the Crustacea in the Smithsonian Institution and Museum of Comparative Zoology, separated the Panama specimeus of Pefrolisthes armatus under the name of Petrolisthes similis, sp. nov., and specimens so labelled were afterward sent to the Jardin des Plantes, Paris. These were seen by Professor Henderson, and are referred to in his report on the “Challenger” Anomura, p. 109,as P. similis Stimps. But Stimpson, in publication, referred these specimens to P. armatus (Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII. 74, 1859), and never, so far as I can learn, published his P. similis. PACHYCHELES PANAMENSIS. (al PACHYCHELES Srmrs. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., X. 228, 1858. Pachycheles panamensis Fax. Plate XV., Big. 2, 2. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 175, 1893. Carapace subcircular, the longitudinal and transverse diameters nearly equal, upper surface flattened, granulate and setose, especially on the gastric and anterior portion of the branchial regions, posterior portions of the branchial regions lightly rugose. Front broad, produced to a rounded median lobe, lateral portions straight, inner orbital angle rounded, not pro- duced ; outer orbital angle projecting as a triangular tooth between the eye and the base of the antenna. Lateral border of the carapace with a con- cavity behind the antenna; the margin is slightly raised as a rim which is lost in one of the branchial ruge before reaching the hind border of the cara- pace; hind border slightly concave. Chelipeds unequal, the right being the larger; upper surface of the merus rugose and setose, under surface smooth, internal distal angle produced as a denticulated tooth ; carpus short and broad, upper surface tuberculous and setose, internal border armed with a large tooth at the base, followed by one or two smaller teeth, lower surface smooth and naked; upper surface of the propodite furnished with small tubercles which bear stiff bristles, inner margin rounded, not toothed, outer margin granulated, lower suface convex, naked and polished near the centre (where the surface is reticulated in the larger claw), squamoso-granular and setose near the edges; fingers gaping, crossing at tips, toothless on both the inner and outer margins (or at most slightly denticulated on the outer mar- gin). Ambulatory appendages setose. Length of carapace, 6.5 mm., breadth, 7 mm.; breadth of frontal margin, 2 mm. Panama, March 12. 1 fem. ovig. Pachycheles rudis Stimps. is a larger species, with the posterior margin of ‘the carapace more concave (the concavity having almost the shape of a trian- gular notch); the carapace and chelipeds are less setose than in P. panamensis, the anterior margin of the carpus not prominently toothed, and there is a strong protuberance near the middle of the upper surface of the propodite. In P. tuberculipes Lockington the central part of the front is triangular and 72 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. deeply furrowed along the median line, the chelipeds and ambulatory legs are knobbed so as to present “a mass of tubercles above.” P. panamensis appears to be near P. barbatus A. M. Edw. from the Azores, but in the latter species the front is broader and the carpus more denticulated. Famity GALATEID. PLEURONCODES Srimps. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII. 245, 1860. Pleuroncodes monodon (M. Epw.) ? Plate XV., Fig. 8-3". ? Galathea monodon M. Evw., Hist. Nat. Crust., II. 276, 1837. ? Pleuroncodes monodon Stimps., Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII. 245, 1860. Pleuroncodes monodon ? Fax., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 176, 1893. Station 3385. 286 fathoms. 16 males, 7 fem. (“half a bushel rejected”). 3300. 242° s OU Coe alla errs SF aagG.6 2008) pie 2g). Ba ote Ke d420.. soe - By -ses aelelin aes Compared with Milne Edwards’s figure* of P. monodon, the ‘‘ Albatross” specimens, especially the males, present a more obese appearance ; their greatest width is across the cardiac region, while in the figure of P. monodon - (which undoubtedly represents a female) it is near the posterior end of the carapace ; the cardiac area, in the examples before me, is sunk below the level of the rest of the carapace, and the transverse piliferous lines are more broken at this point, as well as on the gastric region, than appears to be the case in P. monodon, to judge from the figure referred to. Unless these dis- crepancies are due to the inaccuracy of Milne Edwards's draughtsman, the “ Albatross” specimens belong to a new species. The type specimens of P. monodon came from the coast of Chile. In P. planipes Stimps. the penultimate segments of the ambulatory appendages are flattened and ciliated, and the cardiac area is not depressed as in the “ Albatross” specimens. PP. plaupes appears to be a pelagic form. It has been taken off the coast of California and western Mexico. The lateral expansion of the carapace of P. monodon carries the antero- lateral angle some distance outward beyond the antero-lateral spine. This * Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 3¢me Sér., XVI, Plate XI. Fig. 6-9, 1851. MUNIDA OBESA. 73 point is not brought out in the figure on Plate XV., but the reader is cau- tioned against inferring that there is any difference in this regard between the “ Albatross” specimens and the one figured by Milne Edwards. The length of the rostral horn is somewhat variable, being often considerably longer than in the specimen figured. MUNIDA Leacu. Dict. Sci. Nat., XVIII. 52, 1820. About forty-five species of Munida are now known. The “ Albatross” collection of 1891 contains five species, four of which were previously unknown. Professor Alphonse Milne Edwards’s final illustrated report on the Galateide collected by the “ Blake” Expeditions has not yet appeared, but I have before me the types of the ten species of Muda briefly diagnosed in his preliminary report which was published in 1880.* The specimens (‘‘ Blake” Sta. No. 56) recorded by Milne Edwards as Munida caribbea Stimps. are the same species as those described on the same page as a new species under the name Munda irrasa. The specimens doubtfully referred to Munida caribbea Stimps. by Prof. S. I. Smith + are Munida iris of Milne Edwards. Stimp- son’s Munida caribbea is absolutely indeterminable from his brief notice of it,+ and the types were burned in the great Chicago fire. The name caribbea should, then, be dropped and Milne Edwards's zis and wrasa should be retained. Professor Henderson § considers Minida valida Smith to be identical with Munda miles A. M. Edw. On comparing the types of JZ. miles with Smith’s figure of M. valida, it appears that the supraocular spines are much longer and more divergent in the latter than they are in MW. miles. Munida obesa Fax. Plate XVI, Bigot, Ac: Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., XXIV. 176, 1893. In this species we see an approach to the genus Pleuroncodes, since the sides or latero-inferior walls of the carapace are somewhat swollen, so that * Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., VIII. 47-52, Dec. 1880. + Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., IIT. 428, Jan. 1881; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., X. 22, Plate X. Fig. 1, 1882; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI. 40, Plate III. Fig. 11,1883; Ann. Rep. U.S. Fish Comm. for 1882, p. 355, 1884; id. for 1885, p. 643, 1886. £ Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII. 244, 1860. § Rep. Challenger Anomura, p. 126, 1888. 74 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. they show a little when the animal is viewed from above. The basal seg- ment of the antenna, moreover, is more exposed from above than it is in the more typical species of Munida. The lateral rostral spines, or supraocular spines, are curved upward more than the median rostral spine, and the three are nearly parallel; the lateral spines reach about half way to the tip of the median ; all three are micro- scopically spinulose on their upper edge. There are two pairs of spies on the anterior part of the gastric region in line with the lateral rostral spines. Of these two pairs the anterior is the larger. There is also a longitudinal line of spinules in the median line between the two pairs just spoken of. The arrangement of the other spines on the anterior portion of the carapace will be best understood by reference to the figure on Plate XVI. The cardiac area is somewhat sunk below the level of the surrounding parts, its anterior margin is denticulated, with a larger spine on each side. The lateral mar- gins of the carapace are armed with ten or eleven spines, the one on the antero-lateral angle being the longest. The second abdominal segment is ornamented with a transverse row of eight small spines. The other abdomi- nal segments are normally destitute of spines, but in a few of the many specimens before me there are two or four small spinules on the third seg- ment. The pleure of the third, fourth, and sixth abdominal segments are acute, the rest blunt. The eyes are large and are provided with rather long cilia on the edge of the cornea. The basal joint of the antenna is armed with a long and sharp spine which reaches forward beyond the eyes; the second joint also has a long spine on each side. The chelipeds are long and hairy ; the merus, carpus, and basal part of the propodite are spiny, the fingers long, slender, the cutting edges straight and finely spmulous.* The ambulatory appendages are setose, the upper and lower edges of the merus are spinulose, and there is, moreover, a row of spinules on the outer surface, this external line of spinules being best developed on the proximal end of the segment; the carpus is armed with small spines on the upper margin and * In some of the males the chela is broader than in others, and the basal part of the propodal digit is curved so that there is a distinct gap at the base of the fingers, with one or two rather prominent teeth on the base of the cutting edge of the dactylus. This difference in the form of the chela is generally found among the males of the different species of Munida, and has been referred to by Henderson (Challenger Anomura, p- 127), as a case of dimorphism. I have elsewhere (Amer. Journ. Sci., 83d Ser., XX VII. 42-44, 1884) shown that the two forms of the male in the genus Cambarus are alternating stages in the life of the same indi- vidual, one phase being assumed during the breeding periods, the other during the intervening seasons of sexual quiescence. Jules Bonnier (Comptes Rendus de l’Acad. Sci., CXT. 987, 1890) has shown that the same condition of things exists among the Amphipoda. I have no doubt that the two forms of the male in tt he genus Munida are to be explained in the same way. MUNIDA REFULGENS. 75 one spine on the distal end of the lower margin; the penultimate and ter- minal joints are unarmed. Length, 65 mm.; length of carapace, 34.5 mm.; breadth of carapace between epimeral sutures, 21 mm. ; length of rostrum, 11 mm.; length of cheliped, 84 mm. (merus, 26 mm., carpus, 10 mm., basal portion of chela, 18 mm., dactylus, 21 mm.). Station 3389. 210 fathoms. 2 males, 7 fem. arecouo. 182." *< 5 young. Munida refulgens Fax. Plate X VII. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., XXIV. 177, 1893. In this species the sete on the ridges of the thorax and abdomen and on the legs are resplendent with iridescent hues. The carapace narrows anteri- orly. The rostrum is long, triangular in cross section, the upper surface scabrous, the lateral margins armed with two to four spines, which are gene- . rally unsymmetrically placed on the two sides. The supraocular spines are short. There is a transverse line of spinules back of the base of the rostrum, the two which lie on each side of the median line being larger than the others. Seven marginal spines on each side of the carapace, the ones at the antero-lateral angles the largest. There are no spines on the abdominal seg- ments. The abdominal pleure are acute. The basal joint of the antenna has a plate-like expansion, but is not spinose ; the second joint is furnished with an external spine. The inferior border of the merus of the third maxilliped is furnished with four spines, the proximal of which is the longest. Cheli- peds very long, squamose, and clothed with silky setze ; the merus has a row of spines on the upper margin, another on the inner side, and a row of smaller ones on the outer side; the carpus is provided with three or four spinules at the distal end; the chela is slender, the outer finger flattened, ribbed above, the outer edge rather convex and expanded toward the base ; cutting edges of fingers finely denticulated. The anterior border of the merus and carpus of the ambulatory appendages is spinose. The general color in life is red, deepest on the carapace and chele ; the transverse setiferous lines of the carapace as well as the dactyli of the ambu- latory legs are yellow ; eyes black. In the alcoholic specimens the color is retained in the chele, and particularly in the rostrum. 76 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. Dimensions of largest specimen (male): length, 91 mm.; length of cara- pace, including rostrum, 43 mm.; breadth of carapace, 34 mm.; length of cheliped, 211 mm.; merus, 90 mm., carpus, 15 mm., basal part of chela, 56 mm., dactylus, 42 mm. Station 3367. 100 fathoms. 13 males, 18 fem. (7 ovig.). i» Cooke) Wee 15 males, 19 fem. (14 ovig.). of BOG: Bal 1 young. SS poeeiis oe OOe lve es In ©. iris A. M. Edw., the sete are iridescent, as in this species, but the rostrum lacks the lateral spines, and the supraocular spines are much longer, reaching beyond the eyes. From M. wrasa A. M. Edw., which is also an irides- cent species, I. refulgens differs in the shape of the hand, in the relatively shorter median rostral spine, which is provided with lateral spines, ete. Munida propinqua Fax. Plate XVIII, Fig. 1, 1°. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXTV. 178, 1893. The carapace of this species is rather flat; the rostral spines are sca- brous, the supraocular reaching to a point beyond the eyes; there is a promi- inent spine on the gastric area behind each supraocular spine, another on each side behind and external to these, and a pair of very small ones on the median line at the base of the rostrum ; besides these there are about four small spines on the anterior half of the carapace. The anterior lateral angle of the carapace is truncated, the lateral border seven-spined. The pleure of the abdomen are rounded, short, and broad ; the second abdominal segment is furnished with a transverse row of about eight spines, the rest of the seg- ments being destitute of spines; the terga of the second to the fourth seg- ments are very smooth behind the central transverse fosse. The first joint of the antenna is armed with a long spine, the second joint with one on each side. There is a minute spine at the antero-inferior angle of the carapace. The chelipeds are robust, setose, and spiny ; merus spiny on upper and inner parts ; carpus spiny on all sides; the hand is furnished with two rows of spines on the lower side, another along the middle of the outer face, and three irregular series along the upper side; both the fingers are spinulose. Ambulatory limbs setose, spiny along the superior and inferior edges. In small specimens the supraocular spines may be shorter than the eye- stalks. MUNIDA GRACILIPES. (if Length, 84 mm.; carapace (including the rostrum), 45.5 mm.; breadth, 26 mm.; length of cheliped, 96 mm. Station 3384. 458 fathoms. 11 males, 6 fem. (ovig.). € 3394. dll « 1 male. “a 3404. 385 “ 1 male juv. This species resembles MW. valida Smith and M. miles A. M. Edw., but the carapace of JM. propinqua is flatter, the cardiac area is more distinct] y cireum- scribed by a furrow, the abdomen bears spines on the second segment only, and the abdominal segments are not so much sculptured. Munida gracilipes Fax. Plate XVI., Fig. 2-2°. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXIV. 179, 1893. Carapace rather flat and quadrangular. Supraocular spines less than one half the length of the rostrum, shorter than the ocular peduncle. Four spinules on the gastric area arranged in the form of a square, — two behind each supraocular spine; a longitudinal row of obsolescent spinules in the median line from base of rostrum to the cardiac area; one spine on the cardiac region, a pair on the intestinal region, and one on each side of the cardiac region just back of the cervical suture. The lateral margins of the carapace are armed with about seven spines, the first of which is the largest. The second abdominal segment is armed with a transverse row of six spines, the third with a row of four, the fourth with a row of four, and one median spine behind the transverse row. This is the normal arrange- ment, but in one specimen out of the four there is an additional pair of spines on the second and third segments back of the transverse row. The pleure of the third, fourth, and fifth abdominal segments are acute. Eyes very large, reniform. The chelipeds are very long and slender, the merus spinose (the chief of the spines being on the inner side of the joint), the carpus also is spinose. The hand has about eight spines on the upper mar- gin and one on the lower; there are several acute spines on the outer border of the movable finger, the cutting edges of the fingers are straight, finely denticulated or spinulose. Length, 24 mm.; breadth, 8 mm.; length of cheliped, 54 mm. Station 3391. 153 fathoms. 4 specimens. Munida gracilipes is nearly allied to M. stimpsom A. M. Edw., which it $$$ A 78 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. appears to represent on the Pacific side of America. When compared with the type specimens of VV. stimpsoni the differences are very evident, though somewhat difficult to describe. The carapace of JZ. gracilipes is much flatter, smoother, and more shining than in MV. stimpsoni; the transverse ridges are more prominent, fewer in number, and do not show that tendency to break up into imbricated, granulated scales which is so characteristic of MZ. stémpsont. The supraocular spines are shorter, closer to the median rostral spine, and fused more completely with the latter at the base. The eye is larger, the transverse ridges on the abdominal somites fewer in number. The lateral spines of the carapace and the abdominal spines are more fully developed. ‘The cardiac area is narrower and bounded by more distinct furrows. Munida microphthalma A. M. Epw.? ? Munida microphthalma A. M. Epw., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., VIII. 51, 1880. Munida microphthalma ? Fax., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXIV. 179, 1893. Station 3370. 134 fathoms. 1 fem. ovig., 20 mm. long. Compared with the type specimens of MV. microphthalma, the “ Albatross” specimen has the rostrum shorter and less strongly upturned; the supra- ocular spines, too, are shorter (shorter than the eyes). There is no row of spines, but merely a ridge, along the superior or external face of the hand. The second abdominal somite bears only two spines instead of eight, as in the type; but this is of no great importance, since the spines of that segment are altogether absent in one of the “ Blake” specimens (Station No. 2), and in one noticed by Henderson in the “ Challenger” collections. ’ M. microphthalna was taken by the “Blake” among the West Indies in ~— 573-1050 fathoms, and by the “Challenger” in the same region in 390 fathoms, north of Kermadec Islands in 600 fathoms, and near Ascension Island in 425 fathoms. GALACANTHA A. M. Epw. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., VIII. 52, 1880. Galacantha rostrata A. M. Epw. Pig Bs fig. 1, 1% Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., VIII. 52, 1880. Station 3362. 1175 fathoms. 1 male. «. °3400.. 1322 «& 3 males, 2 fem. (1 ovig.). « 3413. 1360 « 1 fem. GALACANTHA DIOMEDEZ. 79 The “Albatross” specimens differ constantly from the typical West Indian form in the following particulars: The spines at the antero-lateral angles of the carapace are more divergent, the anterior spine being more nearly parallel with the axis of the body; the posterior spine is relatively longer; the abdomen is smoother toward the central part of the segments; the dorsal spine of the fourth abdominal segment is smaller. In other re- gards there is considerable variation among different individuals. The color in life is orange-red, fading into pale yellowish on the carapace and abdomen. The characters pointed out by Henderson* to separate G. bellis from G. rostrata can hardly be deemed of specific value, nor does it seem probable ‘that G. talismanii} is anything more than individual, age, or perhaps local variation of the same species. G. ¢adismanii is a manuscript name of A. Milne Edwards's; but this writer appears to have abandoned its claims to recogni- tion as a valid species, since it is not included in his enumeration of the known species of Galacantha given in the “ Considérations Générales sur la Famille des Galathéidés.” + Finally, as far as can be determined by Wood- Mason’s short description, G. aeoluta§ differs from G. rostrata chiefly in the coarser granulation of the carapace, and may perhaps be viewed to more advantage as an East Indian race of G. rostrata. If my suspicions concerning the relationship of the above-named forms be well founded, we behold in G. rostrata a2 somewhat variable abyssal species of world-wide distribution, represented on both sides of the Atlantic, off the Pacific coast of America, in the Banda Sea, and in the Bay of Bengal. The typical form of G@. rostrata comes from the West Indian region, 1098- 1591 fathoms. It has been figured by 8. I. Smith. || Galacantha diomedee Fax. Plate XXV. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 180, 1893. Rostrum without lateral spines; distal part turned upward at an angle of less than 95° in most specimens, but in some cases the inclination is greater ; * Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th Ser., XVI. 418, 1885; Rep. Challenger Anomura, p. 167, Plate XIX. Fig. 6, 1888. + Henderson, Rep. Challenger Anomura, p. 167, Plate XX. Fig. 1, 1888. + A. Milne Edwards et Bouvier, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 7¢™¢ Sér., XVI. 270, 1894. § Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., VII. 200, 1891. || Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., Vol. X., No. 1, Plate IX. Fig. 2, 2%, 1882; Ann. Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1885, Plate VI. Fig. 1, 1%, 1886. 80 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. basal part marginate, the margin running for some distance along the an- terior edge of the carapace ; a slight keel runs back from the rostrum to the median gastric spine. Gastric spine smaller than in G. rostrata ; anterior lateral spine much longer than the posterior; there is an additional small spine on each side of the carapace just behind the anterior branchial lobe. Anterior half of the carapace ornamented with setiferous squamous tuber- cles; on the posterior half of the carapace the tubercles assume the form of interrupted transverse ridges. The median spines of the abdomen are small, diminishing successively in size from the first to the third, which is obsolete in many examples. Upper surface of abdomen rather hairy, the transverse ridges devoid of teeth or tubercles, pleurz tuberculose, angles rounded. The legs are rough with granular setose tubercles. There are two prominent spines at the distal end of the carpus of the chelipeds, and one at the distal end of the carpus and merus of the ambulatory limbs. The antennz are twice and a half as long as the body. Dimensions of a female specimen: length of body, 79 mm.; length of carapace, 39 mm.; breadth of carapace, not including the lateral spines, 25 mm. This species runs into a well-marked variety in which the anterior lateral spines as well as the median gastric spine are very much smaller than in the typical form. This variety, which I have named Glalacantha diomedece, vay. parvispina, is figured on Plate XXV., Fig. 2. At one Station (3429) both forms were obtained at the same haul. G. diomedew differs from all other known species of Galacantha by the rugose character of the sculpture on the hinder half of the carapace. In the relative proportion of the anterior and posterior lateral spines it agrees with G. spinosa, It may be easily distinguished from G. spinosa by the entirely different sculpture of the carapace, by the absence of transverse rows of tubercles on the abdominal terga, etc. / Station 3357. 782 fathoms. 1 fem. juv. <_ 3000.8 Porous 3 males, 3 fem. ovig. 3: 3364. 902 ae 1 fem. s 63a06; LOG oes 5 males, 1 fem. ovig. “od 7L. “770 5 males, 2 fem. (1 ovig.). & @3fo. 1877 oe 1 male. “ 3393. 1020 « 3 males. <- 53407, “S85 ée 2 males, 1 fem. MUNIDOPSIS. $l Station 3429. 919 fathoms 1 male. Var. parvispina. Station 3418. 660 fathoms. 1 male. SATO. hia: ~ 1 fem. ovig. co S424 O76" 1 male. 3420.0 919 1) 1 male. 73430. 899 ge 18 males, 17 fem. (6 ovig.). CemeeotoG.) 900 “ 6 males, 4 fem. (3 ovig.). In both G. rostrata and G. diomedee there is a curious sexual difference In the male the proximal half of the telson is furnished on each side with long, amber-colored sete which are entirely wanting in the female. The same difference between the sexes is found in some species of Munidopsis. G. diomedee is often invested with parasites. One of the males from Station 3371 bears a Pelfogaster, while seven specimens (5 males, 2 females) of var. parvispina house a Bopyrus in the left branchial chamber. The eggs of this species measure 3 x 2.5 mm. MUNIDOPSIS Wurteaves. Amer. Journ. Arts and Sci., 3d Ser., VIT. 212, 1874. The type species of this genus is Munidopsis curvirostra Whiteaves, from the eastern coast of North America. The genus has been redescribed by A. Milne Edwards, under the name Gadathodes in the Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zovlogy, Vol. VIII., p. 53, 1880. In the same paper Milne Edwards proposed the two genera Orophorrhynchus and Elasmonotus for the reception of certain species closely allied to Munidopsis. Orophorrhynchus has already been united with Llasmonotus by Henderson. Elasmonotus was insti- tuted to embrace the species characterized by a flat, quadrangular carapace devoid of spines. But such species are connected with the typical Munidopsis by so many intermediate forms, which may be assigned to either genus at the whim of the describer, that I have united Hiasmonotus and Munidopsis as one genus. As the genus Anoplonotus of Smith* does not seem to be sufficiently distinct from Elasmonotus, it is here merged, with the latter, in Munidopsis. The union of Munidopsis, Orophorrhynchus, and Elasmonotus, necessitates renaming two of Henderson’s species, viz. Munidopsis brevimana and Hlasmo- notus latifrons, since both of the trivial names had been previously employed * Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI. 50, 18838. ll ioe 82 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. for other species by A. Milne Edwards (Elasmonotus brevimanus and Galathodes litifrons). For Munidopsis brevinana Hend. may be substituted MJunidopsis ciliata, a name lately given by Wood-Mason to a Munidopsis from the Bay of Bengal, which does not appear to be distinct from Henderson’s species.* Elasmonotus latifrons Hend, may be called Mundopsis latirostris. The genus Munidopsis, taken in this extended sense, contains about seventy species, sixteen of which were discovered during the voyage of the “ Alba- tross” in 1891, and were first described in my preliminary report on the Crustacea of the expedition in 1893. After the present report was written I received a memoir entitled “ Con- sidérations Générales sur la Famille des Galathéidés,’ + written by Prof. Milne Edwards conjointly with Mr. E. L. Bouvier. In this memoir the classification of the Galuteide is treated anew and in more detail. All of the genera pro- posed by the senior author in 1880 are retained, although transformed almost beyond recognition by the imposition of new diagnoses and new limitations.. Gulathodes is restricted to the species characterized by a broad, flat, triangular rostrum, often carinated on its upper side, and armed towards its anterior end with a pair of prominent lateral spines or teeth, in front of which the distal extremity of the rostrum suddenly contracts. This new diagnosis of the genus Galathodes eliminates eight of the ten species upon which the genus was originally based, leaving @. latifrons and G@. tridens alone in Gralathodes, the eight others being transferred to Munidopsis. So of the six species of Orophorrhynchus of the original paper three are now transferred to Munidopsis, one to Hlasmonotus, one (O. spinosus) is ignored, leaving but one of the origi- nal species, O. aries, in Orophorrhynchus, of which genus it becomes the type. The difficulty encountered by Prof. Milne Edwards in distributing his own species among his own genera would seem clearly to show the artificial nature of the genera proposed, and amply to vindicate the course of those naturalists who have refused to adopt them. It is true, as Mine Edwards and Bouvier maintain, that the most char- acteristic of the species ranged by them in the genera Orophorrhynchus and Elasmmnolus differ from the more typical species of Munidopsis as much as or more than the species assigned to the genus Galacantha. But there is this difference: the species of Galacantha, although they differ but slightly in structure from Munidopsis, yet form a sharply defined and natural group dis- * See p. 84. + Ann, Sci. Nat., Zool., 7¢me Sér., XVI. 191-327, 1894. MUNIDOPSIS BAIRDII. 83 connected from the latter genus in the absence of transitional species. Gala- thodes, Orophorrhynchus, and Elasmonotus, on the contrary, are bound by a perfectly graduated series of numerous connecting forms with the typical species of Munidopsis.* In the large and plastic genus Munidopsis, evolution has progressed along several lines of species, and for the purposes of a monographer it may be useful to assign names to the extremes of modification found within the limits of the genus, in order that the interrelations of the species may be brought into view. ‘This is the function, as I understand it, of the category of classification known as sudgenus, in which we see a genus in the process of forming, as it were. By the more or less complete extinction of interme- diate species we may assume that genera of the present have come from subgenera of the past, and that future genera will be evolved from sub- genera of the present. I would distinguish between genera and subgenera much as the American ornithologists do between species and subspecies.t Viewed in this light, subgenera may play a very useful part in a philosophi- cal system of nomenclature. Munidopsis bairdii Suirs. Galacantha bairdii Smirn, Proc. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1882, p. 356, 1884. Munidopsis bairdii Smiru, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VII. 493, 1884; Aun. Rep. U. 8. Fish Comm, for 1885, p. 649, Plate V. Fig. 2, 1886. Station 3381. 1772 fathoms. 1 male. Differs from the type, as described by Smith, as follows: the central pair of spines of the gastric area and the anterior pair of spines of the cardiac area are absent ; the rostrum has three spines on the right side, four on the left ; the posterior margin of the carapace has three spines on the right side, two on the left ; the body is slenderer. The differences are perhaps partly indi- vidual, partly sexual, Smith’s description and figure having been made from a female specimen. * Professor Henderson in 1885 (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th Ser., XVI. 417) proposed the genus Galathop- sis as a refuge for certain species intermediate between Munidopsis and Elasmonotus. This only added to the difficulty by drawing two arbitrary lines of division in place of one. In his final report on the “ Challenger” Anomura, Henderson suppressed the genus Galathopsis and assigned the intermediate species to Hlasmonotus, expressing at the same time his grave doubts concerning the separability of Zlasmonotus from Munidopsis (Challenger Anomura, pp. 158,165). It is of interest in this connection to note that Milne Edwards and Bou- vier (op. cit., p. 283) incline to place these same species in Munidopsis rather than in Blasmonotus. + The Code of Nomenclature and Check-List of North American Birds adopted by the American Orni- thologists’ Union, being the Report of the Committee of the Union on Classification and Nomenclature, p. 31. New York, 1886. 84 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. M. bairdii has been taken off the east coast of the United States in 1497 and 1742 fathoms. Munidopsis ciliata Woop-Mason. Plate XVIII., Fig. 3. Munidopsis brevimana Henv., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th Ser., XVI. 414, 1885; Rep. Challenger Ano- mura, p. 154, Plate XVII. Fig. 1, 2, 1888. (Nomen preoc.*) Munidopsis ciliata Woopv-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., VII. 200, 1891. Station 3353. 695 fathoms. 1 male. J 3363. 978 ce 1 male. iC 3392. 1270 oG 1 fem. 3393. 1020 ce 2 males. Most of the ‘‘ Albatross”’ specimens are more hairy than those described ce by Henderson. In this respect they agree with JZ. ciliata Wood-Mason. These specimens also show that the number of lateral spines of the carapace, relied upon by Wood-Mason to distinguish his species from JZ. brevimana Hend., is inconstant. In some specimens there is an extra spine on each side of the front mar- gin of the carapace, between the supraantennal spine and the spine at the antero-lateral angle. Just as these pages are going to press, the type specimen of Munidopsis mtida (A. M. Edw.)t is returned from Paris. It is a male 23 mm. long (“ Blake” Sta. 165, Guadaloupe, 769 fathoms), and differs from M. ciliata but very slightly. The carapace is less hairy and more polished ; the transverse squamiform ridges, which are very evident in J/. ciliata, are obsolescent. The transverse furrow which divides the terga of the second, third, and fourth abdominal somites into two prominent ridges in JZ. ciliata is but faintly indicated in M. nitida. The tubercles on the superior face of the merus of the ambulatory appendages, moreover, are much less pronounced in Milne Edwards's species. In short, Mf nifida is a less heavily sculptured and less hairy form than M. ciliata. The characters that separate the two forms appear to be of racial or varietal, rather than specific, value, but the name M. ciliata may he provisionally retained for the Pacific and Indian Ocean form until the distribution of each form is more fully known. * See pp. 81, 82. + Orophorrhynchus nitidus A. M. Edw., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., VIII. 59, 1880; Munidopsis nitida A. M. Edw. et Bouy., Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 78° Sér., XVI. 275, 1894. MUNIDOPSIS SUBSQUAMOSA. 85 Munidopsis vicina Fax. Plate XVIIT., Fig. 2, 2. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 181, 1893. Near MV. ciliata, from which it differs as follows: it is a very much smaller species, the adult ovigerous female being only twenty-nine millimeters long ; the anterior margin of the propodite of the ambulatory appendages bears two | very prominent spines; on comparing the telson of JZ. vicina with that of M. ciliata a marked difference is apparent in the division of the telson by sutures, — a difference most readily comprehended by a glance at Figs. 2 and 3 of Plate XVIII. The pair of long and narrow plates which lie on each side of the small central plate in J. ciliata are entirely wanting in JZ. vicina. As in WM. ciliata, the carapace of MV. vicina is covered with squamoid tubercles, the rostrum is curved slightly upward, and the chela is short. Length, 29 mm.; breadth, 9.5 mm. Station 3560. 1672 fathoms. 1 fem. «8382. 1793 ¢ 1 fem. ovig. The specimen from Station 3360 is a smoother, less setose form than the specimen from Station 3382. Munidopsis subsquamosa Henp. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th Ser., XVI. 414, 1885 ; Rep. Challenger Anomura, p. 152, Plate XVII. Fig. 4, 1888. Station 3360. 1672 fathoms. 1 male. ce ssols I471- % 1 fem. The rostrum is curved upward to a considerable degree in the “ Alba- tross”’ specimens (most strongly in the female), and there are but three spines on the gastric area, — two in a transverse line at the base of the ros- trum, and a smaller one in the median line a little further behind. The outer or lower margin of the hand, too, is more concave than in Henderson’s figure of M. subsquamosa. The types of this species were taken off Japan in 1875 fathoms. A nearly allied form, MZ. subsquamosa pallida Alcock,* has been dredged in the Bay of Bengal, 1803 fathoms. * Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., XIII. 331, 1894. 86 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. Munidopsis subsquamosa aculeata Henp. Munidopsis subsquamosa, var. aculeata Henp., Rep. Challenger Anomura, p. 153, Plate XVI. Fig. 1, 1888. Station 3382. 1793 fathoms. 2 males, 1 fem. ovig. The rostrum is shorter than is represented in Henderson’s figure. In the two males the hind border of the sixth abdominal somite is produced in the median line into a prominent rounded process. The outline of the telson in Henderson’s figure is apparently very incorrectly drawn. The eggs measure 3 X 3.3 mm. The “ Challenger” specimens were captured between Marion Island and the Crozets in 1375 fathoms, and off the west coast of Patagonia in 1450 fathoms. This form is closely allied to MW. crassa Smith,* from off the east coast of the United States, 1742-2620 fathoms. The latter species is distinguished by its large rostrum and the spine which projects from the outer edge of the eye-stalk just behind the cornea. Munidopsis villosa Fax. Plate XIX., Fig. 2. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., XXIV. 182, 1893. The whole surface of the body and limbs is beset with sets which arise from low squamous tubercles and transverse rugee on the carapace and from the transverse ridges of the abdominal segments. The rostrum is triangular, the distal half strongly upturned, cylindrical and pointed, the proximal half naked below and slightly carinated in the median line. A pair of tubercles ending in spiny points lie on the anterior part of the gastric region. One spine at antero-lateral angle of carapace, one at the front end of the anterior branchial lobes, and a rudimentary one further behind on the side of the branchial region. Frontal border armed on each side with a spine over the base of the antenna. There is a median spine on the second, third, and fifth abdominal segments, and a rudiment of one on the fourth. The abdominal pleurse have rounded external angles. The eyes are freely movable and des- titute of spines. The second antennal segment is armed with a prominent * Proc. U. a S. Nat. Mus. VII. 494, 1884; Ann. Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1885, p. 645, Plate y., 1886. MUNIDOPSIS ORNATA. 87 external spine. The chelipeds are robust, setose, and granulate ; the merus has a short superior spine and two lateral spines at the distal end; the carpus is similarly equipped, though on one side the superior spine is obsolescent ; the chela is broad and strong, the fingers excavated, denticulated on their cutting edges and at their tips. The merus of the first pair of ambulatory appendages has an external distal spine; the carpus of all the ambulatory limbs has two low longitudinal ridges, and the carpus of the first and sec- ond pair has a spine on the upper border at the distal end of the joint. Length, 55 mm.; breadth, 18 mm.; length of carapace, 31 mm. ; ros- trum, 8 mm. Station 5394. 511 fathoms. 1 male. Mundopsis villosa is very closely allied to the West Indian Munidopsis abbreviata (A. M. Edw.),* from which it differs as follows: the tubercles and ridges of the carapace are more pronounced and the whole surface of the animal more hairy. The frontal border is armed on each side with a sharp spine, which is wanting in M. abbreviata. The median dorsal spine on the fourth abdominal somite is obsolete, while the fifth somite bears a well- developed acute spine, like those on the second and third somites. In M. abbreviata the fifth somite is unarmed. The distal half of the rostrum is curved upward much more strongly in JZ. villosa than it is in IZ, abbreviata. Munidopsis villosa is represented by a single specimen in the “ Albatross ” collection. It is very much larger than the type specimen of J. abbreviata from the “ Blake” dredgings, and it is possible that the peculiarities above specified may be due to age or individual variation. But I think it more probable that we have to do with two closely allied or representative species on the Atlantic and Pacific sides of the continent. Munidopsis ornata Fax. Plate XX., Fig. 1, 1°. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 186, 1893. Carapace convex, the whole upper surface, including the rostrum, thickly covered with low squamous tubercles; under a magnifying power the sur- face of each tubercle is seen to be made up of a number of secondary seale-like prominences; the tubercles are not lengthened out transversely to form ridges in any part of the surface; two of the tubercles on the gastric * Galathodes abbreviatus A. M. Edw., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., VIII. 55, 1880; Manidopsis abbreviata A. M. Edw. et Bouy., Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 7¢™* Sér., XVI. 275, 1894. 88 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. region take on a spiny character. The rostrum is nearly horizontal, triangu- lar in cross-section, the margins serrate ; the anterior border of the carapace is convex between the eyes and the antennz, but has no spine at this point ; lateral border four-toothed, one of the teeth lying at the antero-lateral angle, two on the hepatic region, and one on the edge of the branchial region behind the cervical suture ; the posterior border is delicately festooned, but not armed with spines. The abdomen is spineless, its surface punctate, an- terior half of the pleurs of the second segment tuberculate, all the pleure rounded. The eye has a transverse granulated tubercle running over the cornea from the inner side. The antenne are very slender and do not exceed the carapace in length. The chelipeds are moderately robust, the merus tuberculate and armed with a row of short spines along the upper edge; the carpus spino-tuberculate, with two longitudinal furrows on the outer side ; hand almost smooth on the inner side, outer side and superior surface roughened with low tubercles ; fingers curved slightly upward, spoon- shaped at the denticulate and setose tips. Ambulatory appendages: meri flattened, tuberculate, upper edge produced to a spinose carina; the carpi have three denticulate ridges; propodites scabrous, with an irregular row of spines on under side; the dactyli have black tips and are finely spinulose on their posterior edges. Length, 23 mm.; length of carapace, 12 mm.; breadth, 8 mm.; length of rostrum, 3 mm. Station 3404. 385 fathoms. 1 male. Munidopsis agassizii Fax. Plate X VIII, Fig. 4,.4°. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 182, 1893. The carapace of this species is moderately convex, with a deep trans- verse depression across the anterior part of the cardiac area. The rostrum is long, slightly upturned, and armed near the middle with a pair of lateral spines. The gastric area has three pairs of spines, the anterior pair the largest. There is one spine on each anterior branchial lobe. The cardiac area bears two or three pairs of spines. The lateral margins of the carapace carry from six to eight spines each, and there is a longitudinal series of small spines within the margin on the branchial area. A small spine is situated on the anterior margin between the eye and the antenna. The posterior MUNIDOPSIS HYSTRIX. 89 border of the carapace is ornamented with six (in one specimen seven) spines. There are also several spines on the sides of the carapace below the epimeral suture. There is a very small spine over each eye. The an- tenn are shorter than the body, the first joint bears a long external spine, the second joint two lateral spines, the third joint two lateral spines and one superior. The chelipeds are long and slender, the merus and carpus have no long spines, the propodite carries four spines on the upper edge and several rudimentary spinules ; the fingers are spinulose, their cutting edges straight and denticulated. The ambulatory appendages have spiny meri and carpi, the longest spines being one at the distal superior border of each of these joints. The second, third, and fourth abdominal terga bear four spines each, and the pleurz of the second abdominal somite carry a few spinules. The abdominal pleur are rounded. Length, 23 mm.; length of carapace, 12.4 mm.; breadth of carapace, 8 mm.; length of rostrum, 4.5 mm. Station 3389. 210 fathoms. 1 male, 1 fem. This species bears a general resemblance to I. erinacea (A. M. Edw.) and M. spinifera (A. M. Edw.). It differs from both of these in having a flatter carapace marked by a deeper transverse depression across the cardiac area ; in having a larger number of spines on the sides of the carapace; in the pres- ence of spines on the pterygostomian regions, and a small but distinct spine over the eye. It also has strong spines on the superior edge of the hand which are wanting in WV. erinacea and M. spinifera. In the possession of three pairs of gastric spines it agrees with WM. spinifera, but differs from M. erinacea. Munidopsis hystrix Fax. Plate XIX., Fig. 1, 1*. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 183, 1893. Carapace setose and thickly covered with small spinous tubercles ; three spines of special prominence on the gastric area disposed in the form ofa triangle, with apex directed backward; one on the cardiac area; two (rarely six) on the hind margin of the carapace; one on each branchial area. There is a spine at the external angle of the orbit, and the lateral margin of the carapace is spinose. The rostrum is long, lightly curved upward from the base to the tip, and armed with from two to five spines on each side ; these spines are unsymmetrically arranged on the two sides The second, third, 12 90 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. and fourth abdominal segments are conspicuously two-ridged; the second segment has a pair of small spines on the anterior ridge, and another pair nearer the median line on the posterior ridge; the third segment also has a pair of spines on the anterior ridge, and in some specimens a third spine in the median line on the posterior ridge. The abdominal pleurae are trun- cate. The chelipeds are long, very spiny from the proximal end of the merus to the base of the fingers; the chief spines of the propodite are on the upper margin of the segment; there are two spines near the base of the dactylus. The ambulatory appendages are long, setose, and spinose, excepting the dac- tylus. None of the legs are furnished with epipodites. A spine over the eye. Antennz shorter than the body; a spine on the outer side of the first seg- ment, one on each side of the second and third segments, and one on the upper surface of the third segment. Length of ovigerous female, 48.5 mm.; length of carapace, 26 mm. ; breadth, 15 mm.; rostrum, 8 mm. Station 3417. 493 fathoms. 1 male, 2 fem. ovig. «3424. +676 ae 4 fem. (2 ovig.). (Sot 3425.14 680 fs 7 males, 5 fem. (2 ovig.). Munidopsis sericea Fax. Plate XIX., Fig. 8, 8. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 184, 1893. The whole surface of the body and limbs is covered with a silky pubes- cence. The rostrum is long, curved gently upward, convex above, but not carinated, armed with a prominent spine on each side near the middle, and with three minute spinules near the base. Gastric region swollen, armed with two conical spines and ten or twelve small spinoid tubercles. The cardiac region has a prominent transverse ridge near the centre, in front of which is a deep depression separating it from the gastric region ; the ridge is armed with a pair of short spinules. There is a small spine on the anterior border between the eye and the antenna, a large one at the antero-external angle, three on the border of each anterior branchial lobe (the middle one of these three spines is the largest), and one small one on the border of each branchial region just behind the posterior branch of the cervical groove ; there are besides about ten spinous tubercles on each branchial area, and five or six pairs of spinules on the posterior margin of the carapace. Ptery- MUNIDOPSIS MARGARITA. 91 gostomian regions granulated. There is a pair of spines on the second, third, and fourth abdominal segments ; besides these there are several small spinules on the terga and pleure of these segments; the pleura are rather narrow, with rounded lateral angles. The chelipeds are wanting in the unique specimen. The ambulatory appendages are spinulose, the spinules of the dactyli restricted to the hind margin. The eye is provided with a avery minute spine. The antennz are rather longer than the body, the basal joint has a short external spine, a longer one at the lower internal angle, and a smaller one at a higher level on the inner side. The latter spine shows, when the animal is viewed from above, between the eye-stalk and the antenna. The subsequent segments of the antenna are armed as usual in this genus. Length, 39 mm. ; length of carapace, 12 mm.; length of rostrum, 8 mm. ; breadth of carapace, 12 mm, Station 3594. 511 fathoms. 1 male. Munidopsis margarita Fax. Plate XX., Fig. 2. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., XXIV. 184, 1893. In this species the rostrum has a gentle upward curve near the tip; it is carinate above, and minutely spinulous on the margins. The surface of the carapace is rough with squamous tubercles and forward-pointed spines. The gastric and cardiac regions are prominent, and separated from one another by a deep depression; a pair of spines on the gastric region, and one spine on the cardiac region attain a special prominence. A long sharp spine outside the eye forms the outer wall of a well-marked orbit. There are eight spines on each lateral margin, six on the posterior margin (includ- ing those at the postero-lateral angles). The branchial areas are iridescent. Second abdominal segment: the anterior transverse ridge, which is broken down in the centre, bears on each side a prominent hooked spine, which is enlarged at the base, and denticulated on the outer margin; the posterior ridge is furnished with three hooked spines; the pleure of this segment bear each a broad, flattened, forward-pointing tooth with denticulated edges; when the animal is viewed from above, this tooth appears to form the lateral ex- tremity of the pleura, which really lies below it and is rounded. Third abdom- inal segment: both ridges are spiny and denticulate, three spines being 92 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. specially prominent on each ridge. Fourth abdominal segment: armed with but one small median spinule. The sides of the carapace below the epimeral sutures are covered with spiny tubercles, and display an iridescent lustre. The eye has two spines projecting over the cornea from the inner side; the posterior of these spines is very minute. The antenne are very slender, and about as long as the carapace; the first and second joints are provided with a prominent external spine, the third joint with three spines, viz. one external, one internal, and one superior. The chelipeds are absent in both the specimens. The ambulatory appendages are spinulose on all the segments except the dactyli, which are finely serrate on the hind margin. The legs, and more especially the sternum, are iridescent, like mother-of- pearl. This iridescence is seen in a less degree in several other species of this genus. Length, 20 mm.; length of carapace, 11 mm. ; breadth, 7 mm.; length of rostrum, 3.5 mm. Station 3404. 385 fathoms. 1 male, 1 fem. Munidopsis crinita Fax. Plate XX., Fig. 3, 3”. Munidopsis crinita Fax., Bull. Mus, Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 185, 1893. Galathodes crinitus A. M. Evw. et Bouv., Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 7¢™* Sér., XVI. 279, 1894. The whole surface is clothed with long sete, which are longest and densest on the chelipeds and ambulatory appendages. The rostrum is very broad at the base, and ends in three points, the middle of which is the longest; the rostrum is slightly carinate in the median line. The cara- pace is roughened by low setiferous ridges; the antero-lateral angles are obliquely truncate; a spine over the antenna, and four on the lateral mar- gin, the last one just behind the posterior branch of the cervical suture, the third one obsolescent ; hind margin unarmed. A pair of spines on the gastric region behind the base of the rostrum. The abdomen is devoid of spines, and there is no spine over the eye. The antennz are slender, shorter than the body; the basal joint is provided with a long spine on the external side, and another on the internal side ; the second joint has an external spine, the third an internal one. Chelipeds: internal edge of merus five-spined, su- perior edge also furnished with a row of smaller spines; carpus with one prominent internal spine ; hand unarmed, broadest at base of fingers, cutting MUNIDOPSIS SCABRA. 93 edges of fingers toothed. Ambulatory limbs setose, hind border of dactyli spinulose. Length, 19.5 mm.; carapace, 11.5 mm.; rostrum, 2.6 mm.; breadth of carapace, 7.5 mm. Station 3384, 458 fathoms. 1 fem. This species, which belongs to the genus Galathodes as recently restricted by MM. A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, resembles JM. tridentata (Esmark), M. latifrons (A. M. Edw.), and JZ. tridens (A. M. Edw.). It differs from all these species by its dense pilosity, the shortness of the rostrum, and the great breadth of the hand at the base of the fingers. It further differs from M. tridentata through the possession of a pair of gastric spies, and through the absence of prominent spines on the meri of the ambulatory appendages ; from MV. latifrons through the presence of gastric spines, and the absence of spines on the tergum of the second abdominal somite; from J/. tridens through the presence of five internal meral spines and one powerful internal carpal spine borne by the cheliped. JZ. tridentafa comes from the eastern Atlantic, WM. latifrons from the Barbadoes, MV. tridens from St. Kitts. Munidopsis scabra Fax. Plate XXTI., Fig. 1, 1. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., XXIV. 186, 1893. The rostrum is triangular, slightly curved upward, carinated above, the lateral edges and the carina lightly denticulated. The carapace is covered with squamous setiferous tubercles, which end in spiny points. There is a transverse row of six more prominent spiny tubercles on the gastric region. The posterior border of the carapace is ornamented with a denticulated rim (about eight denticles). There is a spine between the eye and the antenna below the anterior margin of the carapace. The abdomen is devoid of spines, the pleurse have truncated lateral angles. A very short spine pro- jects over the cornea of the eye. The antennx are shorter than the body ; a spine on the outer side of the basal joint, one on each side of the second joint, and one on each side, and one on superior margin of the third joint. The chelipeds are long, spinose, except the fingers; hand long, the basal part longer than the fingers. All the joints of the ambulatory appendages are spiny, except the dactyli. 94 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. Length (ovigerous female), 40 mm.; length of carapace, 13.5 mm. ; breadth, 14 mm.; rostrum, 5 mm. Station, 3424. 676 fathoms. 2 males, 1 female ovig. 3425. 680 ee male; sb 7 << a Munidopsis scabra resembles M. sharreri (A. M. Edw.), but may be at once distinguished from the latter by the shortness of the ocular spines, and the great development of the spiny-pointed tubercles of the carapace. Munidopsis tanneri Fax. Plate XX Wigs I, LF Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., XXIV. 187, 1893. Carapace flat, quadrangular, covered with squamous setiferous tubercles which have a tendency to develop spiny points on the gastric region. This is especially true of a transverse row of six on the anterior part of this region. The rostrum is triangular and horizontal. There is a prominent spine on each side of, the anterior margin of the carapace between the eye and the antenna, another at the antero-lateral angle, and two or three on the side of the anterior branchial lobe ; the hind border of the carapace is den- ticulated. A small spine over the eye. Antennze shorter than the body; one spine on the outer side of the first joint, two lateral and one superior on the second and third joints. Cheliped (present in only one specimen) long, slen- der; merus and carpus many-spined ; propodite spiny along the upper and lower margins; tips of fingers enlarged and denticulated. Ambulatory limbs: a prominent row of spines on the upper edge of the merus and carpus, propodite and dactylus devoid of spines. Abdomen without spines; pleur narrow, angles rounded. Length, 41 mm.; length of carapace, 23.5 mm.; breadth, 15.5 mm. ; rostrum, 6 mm. Station 3596. 259 fathoms. 2 males, 1 fem. (1 male with Bopyrus.) A POON IsOMmnnS 1 male. This species is nearly related to MM. seabra, but differs from the latter species in having the carapace broader and flatter, with squamous tubercles which are not produced into points, except a few on the gastric area. The spine between the eye and the antenna is longer; the propodites of the ambulatory legs are smoother, with no well-developed spines. MUNIDOPSIS HAMATA. 95 Munidopsis hamata Fax. Plate XXL, Kige 2, 2, QD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., XXIV. 187, 1893. Body and limbs clothed with short, scattered sete. Rostrum long, curved slightly upward, basal half furrowed longitudinally, with a row of short spines on each side of the furrow; infero-lateral edges of rostrum also fur- nished with small spines. Carapace quadrangular, anterior border forming a right angle with lateral border, both borders spinulose ; lateral border with an indentation at anterior boundary of anterior branchial lobe ; a deep de- pression back of each anterior branchial lobe, and another across the anterior part of the cardiac region; the upper surface of the carapace is adorned with spinulose tubercles, and a median longitudinal row of more prominent spines runs along the gastric and cardiac regions; the anterior spine of the cardiac region overhangs the transverse depression, the posterior spine of the row springs from the hind rim of the carapace. There is a median hooked spine on the tergum of the second, third, fourth, and fifth abdominal segments, and many spiny tubercles irregularly disposed on these segments; the pleure of the third to the sixth abdominal segments are narrow but blunt, those of the second to the fifth are costate. The ocular peduncle is movable, and devoid of a spine. The antenne are about as long as the body; the basal joint has an inferior spine and a small external spine; the second joint also bears an external spine. The chelipeds are long and slender, all the joints from the ischium to the propodite are equipped with longitudinal rows of small spines; the chela is not broader than the basal part of the propodite, the fingers are straight, their prehensile edges denticulate. The ambulatory appendages are spinulose. There are no epipodites on the five pairs of legs. Length of a male, 49 mm.; length of carapace, 25 mm.; breadth of cara- pace, 14 mm.; length of rostrum, 9 mm.; length of cheliped, 47.0 mm. (merus, 15 mm., carpus, 5.5 mm., chela, 19 mm.). Station 3394. 511 fathoms. 13 males, 16 fem. ovig. (Seoo0% 130 80 3 males. 96 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. Munidopsis depressa Fax. Plate XXII., Fig. 2, 2, 2. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 189, 1893. Closely allied to J. hamata, but differs as follows: the cephalothorax is more swollen, so that the sides of the carapace are visible below the epimeral sutures when the animal is viewed from above. The median row of spines on the carapace consists of a smaller number of spies (two on the gastric region, one on the cardiac region, and one on the posterior margin). The spinules of the lateral margin of the carapace are less developed. The de- pression on the carapace involves the gastric region to a greater degree. The anterior margin of the carapace is not so straight, and it is not spinulif- erous. The antero-lateral spine is more prominent, the eyes smaller, and the antenne shorter (shorter than the carapace). There is, moreover, no spine on the fifth abdominal segment. Length, 32 mm.; carapace, 19 mm.; rostrum, 5 mm.; breadth of cara- pace, 12.5 mm. Station 3425. 680 fathoms. 1 male. Munidopsis aspera (Henp.). Elasmonotus asper Henv., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th Ser., XVI. 416, 1885; Rep. Challenger Anomura, p- 163, Plate XIX. Fig. 4, 1888. Munidopsis aspera ¥ax., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXIV. 188, 1893. Station 3357. 782 fathoms. 1 fem. ovig. «3358. +500 s 1 male. pili. ay: fe 1 fem. “= 8402. 421 ee 2 males, 5 fem. (3 ovig.). «< 3403. 384 re 1 male. 3406. 55 Se 2 males. This species is subject to considerable variation. In the specimens from Stations 5402, 3403, and 3406, the tubercles of the carapace are more numer- ous and less spiny than in those secured at the other stations. The ambula- tory appendages of all the “ Albatross” examples are apparently more spiny than in the types from the “ Challenger.’ The latter came from the Straits of Magellan, 245 fathoms. MUNIDOPSIS CARINIPES. 97 Munidopsis quadrata Fax. Plate XXL, Tig. Ty 17,15 1. Munidopsis quadrata Fax., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 188, 1893. Elasmonotus quadratus A. M. Epw. et Bovv., Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 7°™® Sér., XVI. 281, 282, 1894. Carapace quadrangular, the anterior and lateral margins forming a right angle ; upper surface flat, spineless, but furnished with low squamous tuber- cles. Rostrum curved upward, broad at base, narrowing anteriorly to form along sharp acumen. Central part of gastric region prominent above the anterior branchial lobes, from which it is separated by deep pits. A promi- nent transverse ridge on cardiac region forming the posterior wall of a deep ' fossa. Antero-lateral angles rounded. Second segment of abdomen armed with a median spine, which is curved forward; third and fourth segments with a very prominent ridge, which bears an acute median tooth; pleurze of second segment faintly tuberculate, the others narrow, with the external angles rounded but not truncate. Eye spineless, almost concealed by the base of the rostrum. Antennz about as long as the carapace ; a conspicu- ous spine on the upper side of the third segment. Cheliped long, tubercu- late, with the exception of the fingers; chela slender, fingers not gaping. Ambulatory legs tuberculate, with the exception of the dactyli, which are furnished with small teeth on their posterior margins. Length of body, 29 mm.; length of carapace, 15.5. mm.; breadth of cara- pace, 9 mm.; length of rostrum, 6 mm.; length of cheliped, 30 mm. There is some variation in the length and upward curvature of the ros- trum among the different specimens. A female from Station 3424 (Plate XXIIL., Fig. 1°), differs markedly from the males, in having the tubercles on the carapace and appendages much more strongly developed. Station 3424. 676 fathoms. 2 males, 1 fem. ovig. <> -3420. 680 “ 1 male. Munidopsis carinipes Fax. Pie XXIV, Faget, 15,1": Munidopsis carinipes Fax., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXIV. 189, 1893. Elasmonotus carinipes ALcock, Aun. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., XIII. 333, April, 1894. es ge A. M. Epw. et Bovv., Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 7¢me Sér., XVI. 281, 282, May, 1894. Carapace quadrangular, flat, marked by a median tuberculated ridge on the gastric and cardiac regions; sides converging a little from front back- 13 98 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. ward ; the antero-lateral angles form a rounded shoulder. Rostrum broad at base, nearly horizontal; sides converging near tip, which is blunt; upper surface nearly flat, lightly granulated. The rest of the upper surface of the carapace has a coarser granulation. There is a conspicuous hooked tooth on the third and the fourth abdominal segments, and in some specimens there is a rudimentary one on the second and the fifth segments; the teeth on the third and fourth segments have denticulated margins in adult specimens ; abdominal pleura long and narrow. Chelipeds very long, lightly tubereu- late; chela long, slender; fingers rather short, smooth, with straight, denti- culated prehensile margins. The meri of the ambulatory legs granulated ; superior border produced to a crest, the edge of which is entire; the lower margin of the meri is also entire ; the carpi have three tuberculated ridges, one of which is superior, two external ; the propodites lightly tuberculated ; dactyli smooth, their hind margins armed with about five teeth. Hye spineless, nearly hidden under the rostrum. Antenne shorter than the cara- pace ; first, third, and fourth joints armed with an external spine. Length, 30 mm.; carapace, 16 mm.; breadth, 9.5 mm.; rostrum, 5 mm. ; cheliped, 40 mm. (merus, 13 mm., carpus, 4.6 mm., propodite, 17 mm., dacty- lus, 7 mm.). Station 3353. 695 fathoms. 2 males, 1 fem. ovig. Near MM. longimana (Elasmonotus longimanus A. M. Edw.), from which it differs in having the rostrum more nearly plane and more tapering, the merus of the cheliped much less strongly tuberculated, the meri of the ambulatory limbs more strongly carinated, with lower margin entire instead of denticulate ; the spine on antennal peduncle is more prominent, while the tooth on the second segment of the abdomen is absent, or at best rudi- mentary. The chelipeds of the female specimen of M. carinipes are lost. Munidopsis inermis Fax. Plate XXIII, Fig. 2, 2". Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., XXIV. 191, 1893. In this species the whole surface of the body and appendages is naked and free from spines and tubercles. The carapace is rather flat above, with subparallel sides ; the gastric region is protuberant, and separated from the hepatic and cardiac areas by conspicuous furrows. The surface of the cara- pace is punctate, lightly granulate and rugose on the branchial regions. MUNIDOPSIS LATIROSTRIS. 99 The rostrum is triangular, blunt at the apex, bent strongly downward, and slightly carinate above. The antero-lateral angle is rounded, and a rounded lobe projects from the anterior margin above the base of the antenna. The abdomen is smooth, naked, devoid of spines and ridges; the abdominal pleurz are rounded. Ocular peduncle free, spineless. The peduncle of the antenna is also destitute of spines; the flagellum is wanting in the only specimen obtained. The chelipeds are also missing. The ambulatory appendages are smooth, unarmed; the dactyli long (equal to the propodites in length), slightly curved, acute at the tips. The appendages of the third, fourth, and fifth abdominal segments are simple and rudimentary. The merus of the third maxillipeds is short, its antero-internal margin three-toothed ; the palpus of this appendage is nearly as long as the merus and ischium combined. Length 12 mm. ; carapace, 6 mm.; breadth, 4 mm. Station 3554. 322 fathoms. 1 male. This species nearly resembles M. polita ( Anoplonotus politus Smith), but the carapace of the former is longer and narrower, the rostrum is curved more strongly downward, and the propodites of the ambulatory limbs are much shorter in proportion to the dactyli. Munidopsis latirostris Fax. Elasmonotus latifrons Henv., Aun. Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th Ser., XVI. 416, 1885; Rep. Challenger Anomura, p- 160, Plate XIX. Fig. 1, 1888. (Nom. prec.) * Orophorhynchus latifrons A. M. Epw. et Bouv., Aun. Sci. Nat., Zool., 7°" Sér., XVI. 287, 1894. Station 3381. 1772 fathoms. 1 fem. Seemroook 153 asc In his first description of this species Prof. Henderson describes the eye-stalks as fused with the sides of the rostrum, while in his final report he states that they are slightly movable. In the “ Albatross” specimens they are firmly soldered to the rostrum. Henderson also says that the ambulatory limbs have a few short blunt spines on the anterior margin of the meri, carpi, and propodites. In the “‘ Albatross” specimens the spines of the meri are on the posterior margin of the joint, but these specimens agree so well with Henderson’s description in other respects that I do not doubt that they be- long to the same species. The unique “ Challenger” specimen was obtained between Papua and the Admiralty Islands at a depth of 1070 fathoms. * See pp. 81, 82. 100 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. Munidopsis hendersoniana Fax. Plate XXIV., Fig. 2, 2, 2, 2. Munidopsis hendersoniana Fax., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 190, 1893. Orophorhynchus hendersonianus A. M. Epw. et Bouv., Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 7°me Sér., XVI. 287, 1894. In this species, as in JZ. marginata (Elasmonotus marginatus Hend.), M. edwardsiti (Elasmonotus edwardsi: W.—M.), etc., the lateral margins of the cara- pace are produced into sharp crests which overhang the sides of the body. The upper surface of the carapace is rather flat, and is clothed with a close, short pubescence ; the sides of the carapace are nearly parallel. The rostrum is long, acute, nearly horizontal, the upper surface roof-shaped. There is a prominent tooth at the external orbital angle, and another smaller one at the antero-external angle of the carapace; otherwise the carapace is unarmed. The eye-stalks are immovable, their proximal ends being anchylosed with the ocular segment; they project forward far beyond the eye, forming sharp horns one half as long as the rostrum; seen from above, the eye-stalks appear like lateral spines of the rostrum; they are pubescent, like the cara- pace. The antenne are shorter than the body; their basal segments are armed with a prominent triangular tooth on the anterior margin of the lower side, while the second segments are similarly equipped with a tooth on the outer side. The chelipeds are short and pubescent ; there is a prominent spine at the distal superior angle of the ischium, and a tooth near the distal end of the internal margin; five or six teeth along the superior margin of the merus, and one on each side of the distal end of the same segment ; the carpus bears a superior tooth near the proximal end, together with three teeth on the distal margin; the chela is short and thick, the hand devoid of teeth or spines; the fingers are very short and thick, meeting one another only at their spoon- shaped denticulated tips; there is a rounded tubercle at the base of the inner margin of the immovable finger; the outer margin of this finger is denticu- lated. Ambulatory limbs: five to seven spines on the superior and external inferior margin of the meri (those on the superior margin the largest) ; upper edge of carpus three to four-spined ; propodites unarmed ; inner mar- gin of dactyli denticulated. Abdomen without spines, somewhat tomentose. Length, 37 mm.; carapace, 20 mm.; rostrum, 6.5 mm.; breadth of cara- pace, 12 mm.; leneth of cheliped, 28 mm. Station 3393. 1020 fathoms. 3 males, 1 fem. (with Pelogaster). UROPTYCHUS PUBESCENS. 101 Nearly allied to MM. edwardsii (Wood-Mason) * of the Bay of Bengal, but easily distinguished from that species by the lateral margins of the carapace, which in Wood-Mason’s species are divided into two lobes, whilst in IM. hen- dersomana they are entire. UROPTYCHUS Henp. Diptychus A. M. Epw., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., VIIT. 61, 1880 (nom. preoc). Uroptychus Henv., Rep. Challenger Anomura, p. 178, 1888. Uroptychus nitidus occidentalis Fax. Plate XX Vil, Pigs "7, 1°: Uroptychus nitidus occidentalis Fax., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 192, 1893. Diptychus nitidus, var. occidentalis A. M. Epw. et Bovy., Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 7¢™e Sér., XVI. 306, 1894. Differs from the typical Uroptychus mtidus (A. M. Edw.) + as follows: the branchial regions are more swollen, giving to the posterior half of the cara- pace a more convex lateral outline ; the rostrum is shorter, the chelipeds shorter and more robust, the fingers shorter in proportion to the length of the basal part of the propodite ; the branchial regions are more distinctly margined. It approaches in some respects U. wacifer (A. M. Edw.), in which the rostrum and chelipeds are still shorter. U. politus Hend., another closely related form, is distinguished by its short antennal acicle. Length of body of a female, 29 mm. ; length of carapace, 15 mm. ; length of rostrum, 4 mm.; breadth of carapace between antero-lateral spines, 5 mm. ; breadth across the branchial region, 10 mm.; length of cheliped, 44.5 mm. (merus, 11 mm., carpus, 12.5 mm., chela, 17.5 mm., dactylus, 6 mm.). Station 3384. 458 fathoms. 2 males, 2 fem. ovig. Uroptychus pubescens Fax. Pinte XXVA, Fig. 3, 87,3" Uroptychus pubescens Fax., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 192, 1893. Diptychus pubescens A. M. Epw. et Bouv., Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 7°° Sér., XVI. 306, 1894. Carapace, without including rostrum, broader than long, pubescent; a transverse row of spines across the gastric region from one side of the cara- pace to the other ; lateral border of carapace spinose ; the anterior margin * Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., VII. 201, 1891. + Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., VIII. 62, 1880. 102 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. has a deep concavity above the eye, outer angle of the concavity armed with a spine. Rostrum one half as long as the rest of the carapace, bent down- ward a little, acute, with entire setiferous margins. Eye small, not broader than the eye-stalk, with brown pigment. Abdomen naked, smooth, pleure subacute. Antenne equal in length to the carapace with the rostrum ; acicle shorter than the peduncle. | Chelipeds long, all the joints as far as the fingers spinulose, the spinules with broad bases; propodite not broader than the carpus; carpus equal in length to the basal portion of the propodite ; fingers straight, a slight tooth near the base of the dactylus; the tips of the fingers cross. Meri of ambulatory legs minutely spinulose on the superior margin, distal end of propodite spiniferous on the hind margin, whole hind margin of dactylus armed with spines ; all the joints of the ambulatory limbs furnished with long set. Length (female), 44 mm.; breadth, 17.5 mm. ; length of carapace, 21 mm.; length of rostrum, 7.5 mm.; length of cheliped, 57 mm. (merus, 12 mm., carpus, 15 mm., chela, 24 mm., dactylus, 9.3 mm.). Station 3354. 322 fathoms. 2 fem. ovig. « 3305. =182 ie 1 fem. ovig. This species is more nearly related to U. /nsignis Hend. than to any other described species. Uroptychus bellus Fax. Plate XXVI., Fig. 2, 2, 2. Uroptychus bellus Fax., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXIV. 1938, 1893. Diptychus bellus A. M. Evw. et Bouv., Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 7¢™® Sér., XVI. 306, 1894. Carapace broad, branchial regions inflated, upper surface naked, smooth, and polished; the branchio-cardiae lines meet in the median line of the carapace ; the anterior margin has a concavity above the eye, forming an orbit with a spinule at its external angle. There is one spine at thé antero- lateral angle of the carapace, and ten or elevey on the lateral margin ; the lateral spines decrease in size posteriorly. The rostrum is long, taper- ing, acute at the apex, and concave at the base above. The abdomen is smooth, the pleurse subacute. The eye-stalks are short and stout, the eye not wider than the peduncle, black. The antennz are very slender, shorter than the carapace, the acicle considerably shorter than the peduncle. Chelipeds very long, naked except for a few sete on the fingers, polished ; the ischium bears a spine on the superior margin and several others on the AXIUS ACUTIFRONS. 103 lower side; the merus and carpus are armed with spines arranged in longi- tudinal rows ; there is a row of spines on the upper margin of the propodite (the row is double at the proximal end), another series on the outer face reaching from the proximal end about half way to the distal end, and another still shorter row of more rudimentary spines just outside the latter series; the fingers are separated by a gap; their prehensile edges are den- ticulate, with one or more prominent teeth near the base of the dactylus. Ambulatory appendages: meri and carpi of the first and second pairs spinu- lose along the upper edge, these joints being spineless on the third pair. All of the ambulatory appendages are subchelate, the distal end of the propodite being enlarged and furnished with spines against which the spined dactylus closes. Length (male), 17 mm. ; carapace, 10.5 mm.; rostrum, 4.5 mm.; breadth of carapace, 7.7 mm.; cheliped, 31 mm. (merus, 7 mm., carpus, 9 mm., chela, i4 mm., dactylus, 5 mm.). Station 3354. 322 fathoms. 1 fem. ovig. eperdaoo. 182° $6 1 male. Famity AXIID Ai. AXIUS Leacu. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XI. 335, 343, 1815. Axius acutifrons (Barr). Plate XX VIIT., Fig. 2. ‘Ficonaxius acutifrons Bate, Rep. Challenger Macrura, p. 40, Plate V. Fig, 2, 1888. Avius acutifrons Fax., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., XXIV. 198, 1893. Station 3358. 555 fathoms. 2 males, 4 fem. ovig. soou. 465 3 males, 3 fem. (2 ovig.). The Challenger specimens were taken off Banda, lat. 4° 31’ S,, long. 129° 57’ 20” E., in 360 fathoms. The females carry about nine eggs, which are large for the size of the animal (1.5 X 1 m.). Spence Bate established the genus LKiconaxius to receive three species from the “Challenger,” which differ from Aziws stirhynchus Leach — the type of the genus Azivs—in the presence of a long spine (stylocerite) on the second joint of the external antenn outside of the movable acicle (scapho- 104 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. cerite). In the figures of Azius stirhynchus given by Leach,* and by Milne Edwards,t a short stylocerite is discernible, and in some of the species referred to Azius by recent authors, this structure appears to assume larger proportions. For instance, in Avis amatus Smith,{ the stylocerite is de- scribed as “slender, acute, and more than half as long as the rest of the segment, while the acicle [scaphocerite] is slender, straight, and as long as the fourth segment.” I have therefore provisionally united the genera Exconaxius and Axius§ Axius crista-galli Fax. Plate XX VIIL., Fig. 1-1". Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXIV. 193, 1893. This species agrees closely with A. acutifrons in all its parts except the rostrum and the larger claw, which differ as follows: the margins of the ros- trum, which in A. acutifrons are only microscopically denticulated, are in the present species armed with prominent teeth ; the median carina of the ros- trum, entire, or at most but slightly serrate in the former species, is here cut into about seven prominent teeth, so as to resemble a low cock’s-comb. The larger claw (which is on the left side in three specimens, on the right side in two) differs from the corresponding structure of A, acutifrons im lack- ing the serration on the superior margin of the propodite, in the presence of a strong tubercle on the anterior border of the hand between the bases of the fingers, and in the absence of prominent teeth on the prehensile edges of the fingers. For a comparison of the claws of these two species, see Plate XXVIII., Fig. 1, 2. The eyes are faceted, but nearly colorless in this species and in A. acutifrons. If Bate’s genus Eiconaxius be adopted as a valid one, this species will be included in it. Length of a male, 24.5 mm. ; length of carapace, 10 mm. Station 3359. 465 fathoms. 3 males, 1 fem. ovig. The female carries eighteen eggs of large size (2 X 1.5 mm.). * Malacostraca Podophth. Brit., Plate XXXIIT. Fig. 2. + Cuvier’s Régne Animal, Disciples’ ed., Plate XLVIII. Fig. 2. t Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., ITI. 433, 1881. § According to Ortmann (Zoolog. Jahrb., Abth. f. Syst., VI. 46, 1891) the presence of sexual appen- dages on the first abdominal somite of the male is characteristic of the family Aviide. But in Hiconaxius acultfrons Bate, and in the closely related species Axius crista-galli Fax., the first abdominal somite is entirely devoid of appendages in the male sex, and Ortmann (op. cit., p. 50) states that the abdominal appendages of Liconazius farree are like those of E. acutifrons. CALASTACUS. 105 CALASTACUS Fax. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 194, 1893. Cephalo-thorax laterally compressed. Abdomen long, enlarged in the middle, narrowed at each extremity, pleure broad and rounded. Rostrum long, pointed; eyes rudimentary, subglobose, without pigment and un- faceted. Second antenne on a horizontal line with the first antenne; the second segment is armed with a long external spine (stylocerite), and a still longer articulated style-shaped scale (scaphocerite), Third maxillipeds pedi- form. First and second pairs of legs chelate. First abdominal appendages of the male modified to serve as sexual organs (gonopods). Outer branch of the swimmerets divided near the posterior margin by a diagonal suture. Telson long, quadrangular. Gills composed of a central stem, bearing two rows of filaments. The number and arrangement of the gills are shown by the following formula : — Somites Vil1.* Ls Ke XI. KAT; XID | REV Epipods 1 1 1 1 1 1 = (6) Podobranchize 0 1 1 if a 0 O= 4 Arthrobranchiz 0 2 2 2 2 2 0; 10 Pleurobranchize 0 0 0 0 0 0 O0o= 0 This genus is closely related to Calocaris Bell. In both genera the con- dition of the aborted eyes is the same; the two anterior pairs of legs alone are chelate; the first abdominal segment bears, in the male, a pair of specialized sexual appendages, and the outer plate of the sixth pair of abdominal ap- pendages is divided near the end by a diagonal suture. I have not seen females of either genus, nor have I examined the gill arrangement of Ca/o- caris, there being but two specimens of Calocaris macandrew in this Museum.t The presence of a long styloid scaphocerite appended to the peduncle of * The somite which bears the second pair of maxillipeds is here reckoned as the eighth. + According to Ortmann (Zoolog. Jahrb., Abth. f. Syst., VI. 50, 1891) the branchial formula for Calo- caris macandree is as follows : — Somites vill. IX. Xs Dae KM, | XU XIV. Epipods 0 0 1 1 1 1 Or (4) Podobranchize 1 1 1 1 1 0 O85 Arthrobranchiz 1 2 2 2 2 Q (0) Sh Pleurobranchie 0 0 0 0 0 0 0= 0 16 + (4) ——_ eee 106 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. the second antenne distinguishes Calastacus from Calocaris. The second antenna of Calocaris macandree is represented on Plate XXVII., Fig. 2, 2%, for comparison with the same organ of Cadastacus (Fig. 1°). Calastacus stilirostris Fax. Plate XX VIL, Fig. 1-1. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. XXIV. 194, 1893. Male. — Carapace laterally compressed, naked, punctate ; rostrum long, narrow, acute, apex slightly upturned ; two strong spines directed upward and forward at the base of the rostrum; from the root of the rostrum the median dorsal line of the carapace is very convex; a light median carina runs along the back from the base of the rostrum, fading out before reach- ing the hind border of the carapace. The gastric area is lightly corrugated on each side of the carina. Abdomen longer than the carapace (including the rostrum), naked, smooth; first segment small, with rudimentary pleural projections ; pleurze of the succeeding segments broad, rounded, and bent outward ; telson long, quadrangular, with convex hind border. Eyes rudimentary, subglobose, devoid of pigment and corneal facets. Peduncle of first antenna composed of three stout segments, decreasing in size successively from the first to the third. Basal segment of second an- tenna provided with a sharp spine on inner edge of lower side; second segment armed with a long and sharp distal external spine (stylocerite) ; from between the base of this spine and the following segment springs a slender, sharp, articulated spine (scaphocerite) which nearly reaches the end of the succeeding segment; inner edge of the second joint also carries a median and a distal spinule, the latter of which is the larger; the third and fourth segments are unarmed, the latter short and carrying a long flagellum, which exceeds the whole length of the body. Epistome largely developed, terminating anteriorly in a triangular process at the base of the antennules. Chelipeds long, symmetrical on the two sides; coxa furnished with a small spine on the anterior border of the distal end; the ischium has from one to four spines on the lower margin; merus laterally compressed, armed with a spine on the upper edge near the distal end, and a variable number of spines (four to eight) on the lower edge; one of these, near the distal end of the segment, is very long; there is also a small spine on the ex- PANULIRUS. 107 ternal margin of the merus at its point of articulation with the carpus. Carpus triangular, unarmed. Chela with sharp upper and lower margins; upper margin with five to seven spines, inner and outer faces with a few scattered spinules; fingers with denticulate prehensile margins and curved crossed tips. Second pair of legs also chelate, but the chela is small. The remaining pairs of legs are not chelate, the dactyli curved, slender, and acute. The first abdominal appendages are modified for copulatory purposes ; they are composed of a basal stem which bears an expanded terminal plate concave on its inner face (Plate XXVII., Fig. 1”). The second abdominal limb consists of a basal stem which carries a three-jointed inner and a mul- tiarticulate outer branch; at the proximal end of the second joint of the inner branch is a minute blunt process (stylamblys of Bate). The three following pairs of abdominal appendages are made up of a stem and two terminal branches, the inner of which bears a rather long and slender styl- amblys. The last pair of abdominal appendages, or swimmerets, are broad ; both branches have a longitudinal median rib, and the outer branch is divided near the tip by a suture that runs diagonally from the external margin to the posterior margin; along this suture are seen articulated spinules, and there is also an unarticulated spine on the external border of the inner plate near the distal end. For the branchial formula, see p. 105, under the generic diagnosis. Length of carapace, 22.2 mm.; rostrum, 5.5 mm.; abdomen, 30 mm. ; cheliped, 39 mm.; merus of cheliped, 14 mm. ; chela, 17 mm. Station 3418. 660 fathoms. 9 males. Famity PALINURIDZ. PANULIRUS Gray. List Crust. Brit, Mus., p. 69, 1847. Panulirus sp. A small specimen of Panulirus, 23 mm. long, was taken at Station 3354, 322 fathoms. It is too young to show its specific characters. The only other representatives of this family found in the collection are seven specimens in the Phyllosoma stage. 108 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. Famity ERYONTID As. ERYONICUS Bare. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th Ser., X. 456, 1882; Rep. Challenger Macrura, p. 122, 1888. [Ziyoneteus.] The genus Evyonicus was established by Spence Bate for the reception of a remarkable Eryonid, Evyonicus cecus Bate, secured during the voyage of the “ Challenger,” Feb. 11, 1878, off the Canary Islands, ostensibly from a depth of 1620 fathoms. This specimen, which was only 13 mm. (} in.) long, remained unique until 1890, when a similar specimen was captured in the Bay of Bengal, 690-920 fathoms, by the naturalists of H. M. S. “ Investi- > gator.” The latter specimen, which was larger than the one obtained by the “Challenger” (36 mm. long), was recorded but not described by Wood- Mason in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6th Series, VII. 199, 1891. Wood-Mason believed it to be an immature form of some species of Pentacheles (Polycheles), as had already been suggested by Spence Bate. Eight specimens of Eryonicus were secured by the “ Albatross” in 1891, the largest of which measures 62.5 mm. (nearly 24 in.) in length. With so many and such large individuals at my disposal, I have been able to correct some of the errors and supply some of the deficiencies in Spence Bate’s account of this interesting animal. The first abdominal somite, which was destitute of appendages in the type described by Bate, in the largest of the “ Albatross” specimens (a male) bears a pair of limbs specialized for sexual functions, very like the corresponding appendages in the genus Polycheles. The inner branch of the appendages of the second abdominal somite bears ¢wo processes (stylam- blydes), as in the other genera of Eryontide. The first abdominal somite of the female, also, carries a pair of less highly modified, simple, two-jointed appendages. The existence of well developed external sexual organs, taken in connection with the dimensions of the largest of the ‘“ Albatross” speci- mens, at once disposes of the theory that Hryonicus is an immature stage in the development of some other genus. The ophthalmopoda, far from being absent in this genus, as Bate asserts, present in the adult (see Plate XXX., Figs, 1, 1%, 1°) the same form and dimensions as in the genus Polycheles. They consist of a large lobe, im- movably fixed in a deep sinus in the anterior border of the carapace ; this lobe sends forth an elongated cylindrical process outward and downward ERYONICUS. 109 below the antero-lateral angle of the carapace ; the anterior margin of the lobe, moreover, bears a prominent papilla, or tubercle. The ophthalmopoda are distinct even in the smallest of the “ Albatross” specimens, which meas- ures only nineteen millimeters in length (Plate XXX., Fig. 1°); but here the lobes are smaller, not filling the ophthalmic sinuses nor giving off the lateral processes which, in the adult, project over the base of the antennal peduncles beneath the antero-lateral angles of the carapace. The tubercle on the an- terior margin of the ophthalmic lobe is present in the young as in the adult. On the whole, the condition of the ophthalmic lobes in the immature Lryo- nicus approaches that of Willemoesia. The mouth parts of Eryoncus are for the first time described and figured on pp. 112, 113, and Plate XXIX., Figs. 2-2°. A comparison of these or- gans with the corresponding organs in Polycheles as described and figured by Spence Bate in his report on the “Challenger”” Macrura, and by S. I. Smith in Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoil., X. 26, 27, Plate IV., Figs. 2-7, will show how closely they resemble each other in the two genera. In the largest male the fifth pair of legs is chelate, but the propodal digit is only one half as long as the dactylus. In small, immature individuals the propodal digit is undeveloped, the leg terminating simply in the dactylus. In the largest of the females the chela of the fifth pair of legs is more per- fect than in the male, owing to the greater relative length of the propodal digit. Spence Bate’s description and illustration of the structure of the gills apply to the immature stage only. In the adult the gills are similar to those of the other genera of Lyyontide, consisting of a stem which gives off long, very delicate lateral filaments ; the filaments decrease in length at the distal end of the stem, until, near the very tip, they are reduced to mere papillx. The number and arrangement of the gills and epipods are exhibited in a tabular form on page 114. The epipods are for the most part reduced to abortive rudiments, as in those species of Polycheles upon which Spence Bate founded the genus Stereomastis. Analysis reveals a close structural similarity between the genera Eyyo- nicus and Polycheles. The only important features distinguishing the former genus from the latter appear to be the following: Ist, the great inflation of the globular cephalo-thorax ; 2d, the comparatively small size of the abdo- men; 3d, the form of the process of the basal segment of the second pair of antennz (phymacerite), which assumes the form of a long cylindrical rod, 110 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. free throughout its length, whereas in Polycheles this process is short and curved, with the distal end flattened in such a fashion as to form a facet which slides over the lower face of the basal segment of the antennules. The huge spherical carapace of Eryonicus perhaps serves as a hydrostatic apparatus, by means of which the animal is enabled to lead a free-swimming life at some distance above the ocean bottom, The great depths of the sound- ings at some of the stations where Evyonicus has come up in the trawl may be delusivé, as in the case of swimming Hoplophoride and Sergestide, which are often found in the trawl that has been lowered to great depths. At Station 3888, twenty-five miles from the nearest land, where the depth was 1168 fathoms, the Tanner self-closing net* was lowered to 400 fathoms and towed for seventeen minutes. The net was then hauled up to the surface after the lower part had been securely closed by the messenger at 400 fathoms. The lower part of the net was found to contain absolutely no life, while the upper part, which had remained open all the way from 400 fathoms to the surface, contained four specimens of Eryonicus, 19-29 mm. long, together with other swimming forms. At Stations 5375 and 8385, although captured in the trawl which had been lowered to the depths of 1201 and 1832 fathoms, Eryonicus was found associated with several swimming forms. At Station 3403 a specimen of Lryonicus spinulosus was brought up in the trawl where the bottom was only 384 fathoms. From these facts it is possible, if not probable, that Hryonicus leads a free- swimming existence at depths moderate compared with those frequented by truly abyssal species. On the other hand, the structure of its visual organs and its absence from collections made with the surface tow-net preclude the thought of its living at or very near the surface. Eryonicus ce#cus Barre? Plate B., Fig. 2; Plate XXIX., Fig. 2-2! ; Plate XXX. ? Eryoneicus cecus Bate, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th Ser, X. 457, 1882; Rep. Challenger Macrura, pp. 122- 126, Fig. 30, Plate XII. B, 1888. Eryonicus cacus ? Fax., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. XXIV. 197, 1893. Male.—The rostrum consists of a pair of very small spinules. The median ridge of the carapace is armed with small spines arranged thus: 2 (rostral). 1.2.1, 1— 2.2.1.2. There are four minute spinules on each side of the For a description of the Tanner net, see A. Agassiz, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., XXIII. 46-48, 1892. See A. Agassiz, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXIII. 48, 49, 1892. ERYONICUS CECUS. aah gastric region arranged in a longitudinal series behind the orbital sinus, one at the bifurcation of the cervical ridge, and one at the anterior end of the anterior branch of the cervical ridge. The subdorsal or branchial ridge of each side bears five spinules, and there is one spinule on the branchial area between the median and branchial carine. The lateral carina, which runs from the external angle of the orbit to the posterior margin of the carapace, and is homologous with the lateral margin of the carapace in Polycheles and Willemoesia, bears sixteen spines arranged thus: 6—3—7; of these the last four are the largest. Below this lateral carina there are two longitudinal ridges on each side of the carapace, the upper of which extends from the outer side of the base of the second antenna almost to the hind border of the carapace, and is spinulose along the anterior third of its course ; the lower carina starts on the margin of the pterygostomian region one third of the way from the anterior end of the carapace, curves outward and extends back to the posterior margin of the carapace ; this carina is very prominent posteriorly, and bears five spines, decreasing in length from the first to the fifth, and followed by small denticles ; the anterior spines in this series are the largest on the body; on the line of this ridge the carapace is bent sharply inward and becomes horizontal. The internal orbital angle is furnished with a minute spine not in advance of the rostrum. The external orbital angle has a strong spine, the first of the lateral ridge. The orbital sinus is deep, and its posterior or blind end is broad and rounded. The ophthalmic lobes are armed with an outward-turned spine on their front margins. The abdomen is adorned with five longitudinal rows of spines, one median and two pairs lateral; the median or dorsal row is made up of one spine on the first abdominal somite, two on the second, third, fourth, and fifth, one on the sixth, and two on the proximal end of the telson; of the two dorsal spines on the second, third, fourth, and fifth somites, the anterior one is the longer, and is connected with the minute posterior one by an elevated ridge ; the single dorsal spine of the sixth somite is sharp and erect. The upper of the two lateral abdominal rows consists of a single spine just above the pleura of each somite from the second to the sixth, while the lower lateral row consists of one small spine on the upper portion of the pleuree of the second to the fifth somites. The pleure of the first abdominal somite are small, turned forward, and articulated with the hind part of the carapace ; the second, third, fourth, and fifth pleura are rounded, their mar- 112 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. = gins spinulose ; the sixth are acute, and armed with a small spine at the point, but otherwise unarmed. The telson, besides bearing the two spines above-mentioned, is sparsely spinulose along its margin ; it bears two longi- tudinal dorsal ridges, and its posterior end is subacute. The proximal segment of the first antenne is short and broad, and is pro- duced at the inner distal angle into a long, sharp, tooth-like process, which is hairy along the basal part of the imner side, but not armed with spines; the outer side of the segment is swollen and furnished with two small spines at the distal end; the second and third segments diminish successively in size ; the third segment bears two flagella, the upper and outer of which is only one half as long as the lower and inner one; the shorter one is composed of about thirty segments, the lower one of about fifty. The basal segment of the peduncle of the second antenna is short and broad, and carries a long, slender, cylindrical process (phymacerite of Bate) on its inner side ; this pro- cess is directed inward and forward, is nearly as long as the peduncle of the antenna, obliquely truncate at the tip in the left one, while the one on the right side is rounded at the tip; the distal end of the phymacerite is free, and does not slide upon the basal segment of the first antenna as it does in Polycheles and Willemoesia; the second segment also is short and broad, and bears an external foliaceous scale (scaphocerite) which is oval and hairy on the margins, but destitute of spines; its tip reaches to the end of the peduncle ; the third and fourth segments are longer, cylindrical, subequal; the flagellum is about equal in length to the longer of the antennulary flagella, and contains about fifty segments. The mouth is bounded in front by a large, protuberant labrum (Plate XXX., Fig. 1, ¢), and is flanked by the broadly expanded mandibles (Plate XXIX., Fig. 2). The latter are without molar areas; their crowns are ser- rated on their cutting edges with fourteen, triangular teeth, of which one at the anterior angle, one in the middle, and two at the posterior angle are larger than the others; the mandibular palpus is triarticulate, the terminal segment setose. Directly below and behind the base of the mandibles lie the widely separated, palpiform lobes of the metastoma (Plate XXX., Fig. 1, #). The first maxilla (Plate XXIX., Fig. 2%) is reduced to two slender, strongly ineurved, protognathal lobes, the anterior of which is the larger. Both lobes are setiferous. There appears to be no trace of the endognath. The second maxilla (Plate XXIX., Fig. 2”) has two small and slender protognathal lobes, the anterior of which is much the longer. The endo- ERYONICUS CECUS. 113 gnath is represented by a small rounded lobe on the outer side of the base of the anterior lobe of the protognath. The scaphognath is very large, broadly rounded posteriorly, while the anterior portion is much narrower. The first maxillipeds (Plate XXIX., Fig. 2°) display a large triangular protognathal lobe, setiferous along its free margin. The endopod is slender, divided into two segments, and lies along the inner edge of the exopod. The exopod is of a peculiar shape, broad, and divided at the distal end into two lobes. The epipod is long and broad, and terminates anteriorly in a rounded lobe outside the base of the exopod. The second maxillipeds (Plate XXIX., Fig. 2”) are very short, scarcely reaching beyond the ischia of the third maxillipeds. They consist of a single series of six segments, being wholly without exopodal or epipodal branches. The first, second, and third segments are short, setigerous on their inner margins; the second segment is also provided with small teeth on the inner margin. The fourth segment is by far the longest of the whole series ; it is very broad, too, much broader in the middle than at either end. The terminal segment is tipped with a slender spine, and, like the antecedent segment, is furnished with many long sete. The third maxillipeds (Plate XXIX., Fig. 2°) are much longer than the second, reaching forward to the base of the antennw. They consist of a series of seven segments, the first of which bears a very small epipod (a). There appears to be a slight vestige of the exopod, in the shape of a rounded tubercle on the outer side of the second segment. This tubercle is too slender and acute in the figure. The great chelipeds are similar in form and proportions to those of other recent Evyontide ; there are a few obsolescent spinules along the inner mar- gin of the merus, and a procurved spine near the distal end of the outer margin of the same joint; the carpus is long, and is armed with a spine near the distal end of the external margin, and with another at the distal end of the internal margin ; a spine at the distal end of the superior margin of the hand, distal half of the inferior margin of the hand obsoletely spinulose, fingers long and very slender, strongly incurved through their distal third, their tips very acute, and probably abruptly crossed (they are imperfect in the specimen in hand), prehensile edges microscopically pectinated. The succeeding four pairs of thoracic appendages diminish successively in length and breadth. The first are rather stout, and end in a strong and per- fect chela; the merus is armed with a pair of sharp spines beyond the middle, 15 oe 114 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. and another pair of very long ones at the distal end; the carpus is three- spined (one external proximal, two inferior distal); chela unarmed, fingers crossed at tips. The next pair of appendages (second ambulatory) show a merus armed with a long and slender spine at the distal end of the lower side ; there is a minute spine at the corresponding place on the carpus; the chela is perfectly formed, but weak, the fingers not crossed. The next pair (Plate XXX., Fig. 1’) are similar in form and armature to the second, but a little shorter. The last pair of thoracic appendages (Plate XXX., Fig. 1”) are much smaller, reaching only to the end of the carpus of the antecedent pair; they bear no spines and end in an imperfectly formed chela, the pollex consisting of a blunt process only one half as long as the index or dactylus, . which is long-haired on its external margin. The first pair of abdominal limbs (Plate XXX., Fig. 1’) are specialized to serve as sexual organs (gonopods); they are similar in form to those of Poly- cheles and Willemoesia, consisting of a basal stem and a terminal spatulate blade. The second abdominal appendage (Plate XXX., Fig. 1") consists of a basal stalk and two terminal branches ; near the base of the inner branch are two long blunt processes (stylamblydes), the outer of which is longer than the inner one. The third (Plate XXX., Fig. 1’), fourth, and fifth pairs of ab- dominal appendages are similar in form to the second pair, but they are furnished with only one stylamblys, which is longer than either of those borne by the second pair. The sixth abdominal appendages (Plate XXIX., Fig. 2") are similar to those in the other genera of this family, and are equal to the telson in length. The number and arrangement of the gills and epipods are exhibited in detail in the subjoined table : — Somites Vi)“ VaibiGe — Ae. x Gh OMI | SAUD = Say Pleurobranchize 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 me Arthrobranchiz 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 OQ. §) Podobranchiz 0 0 0 il i 1 1 0=4 Epipods 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 Cr (2) 17.4.2) The arthrobranchia and the epipod of the ninth somite are very small, and the three gills appertaining to the tenth somite, although larger than the gill borne on the ninth, are smaller than those on the following somites. The epipods of the tenth to the thirteenth pairs of appendages are repre- sented merely by thin membranous expansions of the basal part of the ERYONICUS CZCUS. 115 podobranchial stems, a condition which also exists in those species of Poly- cheles assigned by Spence Bate to the genus Sfereomastis. Length from rostrum to end of telson, 62.5 mm.; length of carapace, 34.5 mm.; length of abdomen, 50 mm.; length of large cheliped, 59 mm. (merus, 12 mm., carpus, 9 mm., basal part of propodite, 9 mm., dactylus, 13.5 mm.). Color in life, purplish red, the branchial regions livid. Station 8375. 1201 fathoms. 1 male, 62.5 mm. long. Seemrooiis) 604 lfem.,40imm. “ moses, 1séa2~ < 1 juv., 37 mm. ee «“ 3388. Surface to 400 fathoms.* 4 juv., 19-29 mm. long. Bate’s description of Eryonicus cecus was drawn up from a single imma- ture specimen, 13 mm. long, captured during the voyage of the “ Chal- lenger,’ off the Canary Islands, ostensibly at a depth of 1620 fathoms. In this specimen the first abdominal appendages were undeveloped. The above-described specimen from the “ Albatross” collection is a sexually mature male with well developed gonopods. It differs from Bate’s speci- men in having much shorter spines upon the carapace and abdomen, and the spines of the lowest series on the branchial region decrease in length posteriorly, while in Bate’s type the longest spines in this row are the pos- terior ones. Whether these differences are due to the difference in age or whether they are specific cannot be determined until more mature specimens are obtained from the Atlantic. In the smallest of the “ Albatross” speci- mens, which have attained a length of only 19 mm.,, the spines, especially those of the abdomen, are relatively longer than in the adult, although not so long as in the “Challenger” specimen. In these small individuals the first abdominal appendages are imperfectly developed, and the last thoracic end simply in a short dactylus. 99K ‘ The specimen from Station 3377 is a female, 40 mm. long. The appen- dages of the first abdominal somite are two-jointed and one-branched, the branch being narrow, flat, ciliated along its margin, and terminating in an obtuse apex (Plate XXX., Fig. 1”). The second abdominal appendage is two-branched, but differs from the corresponding organ of the male in bear- ing but one stylamblys. The armature of the carapace differs somewhat from that of the other specimens secured by the “ Albatross,” and it is possible that this individual belongs to a different species. The median carina is fur- * See page 110. 116 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. nished with spines arranged thus: 2. 1. 1. 2.1. 1—2. 2.1.2. The lower- most carina of the branchial region bears thirteen small subequal spines. There is a pair of spines near the point of bifurcation of the cervical ridge. Eryonicus spinulosus Fax. Plate XXIX., Fig. 1-1’. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., XXIV. 198, 1893. In this species the spines of the carapace, instead of being well-nigh limited to the nine longitudinal ridges, as in Z. ceeus, are thickly strewn over the whole surface. The intervals between the spines give rise to slen- der, hair-like sete. The arrangement of the spines of the median carina of the carapace is shown in the following formula: 2. 1. 1.1. 2.1. 1—2. 2. 1. 2. The sublateral carina bears fourteen small spines, the lateral 5 — 2— 138 or 14. The uppermost of the two carine below the lateral is denticulated anteriorly, and armed with a spine at the front end behind the second an- tenna. The lowest ridge carries twelve spines, which increase slightly in length posteriorly. As before stated, the spaces between these rows of spines are beset with spines of about the same length with those of the normal series, so that the latter are not conspicuous, as they are in £. cacus, where the intervening spaces are nearly devoid of spines and the ridges themselves are much more distinct. The rostral spines are very small, but on each side of the rostrum the front margin of the carapace is produced so as to form a pair of horns over the base of the first pair of antennee. The abdomen is ornamented with seven longitudinal rows of spines, one dorsal and median, the others lateral and paired. The lowest of the lateral rows is on the upper part of the pleuree. The detailed arrangement of the spines in each row with reference to the somites is shown by the subjoined table : — I. II Ill. IV. Vv. VI. TELSON. Median 1 3 3 3 2 5 2 Superior lateral 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 Middle lateral 0 1 il 1 1 0 0 Inferior lateral 0 1 1 1 ul il 0 The two anterior spines of the trio on the second, third, and fourth somites are fused together at the base. There is also a spine on each side at the point of junction of the posterior abdominal appendages with the sixth somite. The abdominal pleure are rounded, with the exception of the POLYCHELES. Lay sixth, which ends in an acute spine; their margins are lightly denticulate ; the pleurs of the second somite have a peculiar shape, their anterior part flaring out laterally into an angular wing. The chelipeds are rather slender; the merus is very lightly spinulose along each margin, and is provided with one or two spines at the distal end; the carpus is short and armed with a spine at the distal end of both the superior and inferior borders; the hand is armed with about ten spines on the upper margin and is lightly spinulose on the lower margin. Of the four succeeding pairs of legs the first three are chelate, while the fourth or pos- terior thoracic is not chelate, but ends in a simple dactylus ; all of these four pairs are clothed on their outer side with long hairs, and a few slender spines are irregularly disposed on the three anterior pairs. The first abdominal somite is devoid of appendages in the unique ex- ample obtained, which is doubtless immature. The second somite bears a pair of long two-branched appendages ; the inner branch supports a slender process (stylamblys) on its inner border. The succeeding pairs decrease in length. Length, 37 mm. ; carapace, 21 X 17 mm.; abdomen, 17 mm. Station 3403. 384 fathoms. 1 specimen. POLYCHELES He ter. Sitzungsber. Kais. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Naturw. Cl.., XLV., Abth. I., 389, 1862. In 1878 Spence Bate established the genus Pentacheles for the reception of several species of Macrura from the “ Challenger” collection, which differ in no way from Polycheles except in the chelate structure of the posterior thoracic appendages. It has since been shown that in some species these appendages are chelate in the female while they are simple in the male; that among the adults of those species which have the posterior thoracic appendages chelate in both sexes there is a gradual transition from a perfect chela to an imperfect one, in which the “thumb” is rudimentary and the structure of the appendage closely approaches to that of Poly- cheles ; that in species in which the appendages in question are chelate or subchelate in the adult male they are simple in small, immature individuals. Chelation of the posterior pair of thoracic limbs in this family is not accom- panied by any other differences, species which have been assigned to differ- ent genera resembling each other so closely in every other regard that they 118 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. are hardly distinguishable. It follows that unless the adult male be known, a species cannot be referred to its proper genus in Bate’s system. That author was most arbitrary in the disposal of his own species, for three of those which he placed in Pentacheles, viz. obscurus, levis, and gracilis, were known to him only through the female. Keeping the above-mentioned facts in view, I have deemed it advisable to unite Pentacheles and Polycheles, provision- ally at least. For similar reasons I have not recognized Bate’s genus Stereo- mastis, which was instituted in 1888,* for the reception of two species which lack epipods on the thoracic appendages, but in all other respects agree with Pentacheles. An examination of a large number of species discloses a gradual transition in the development of the epipods, from large well developed or- gans through small, delicate and thin ones, to merest rudiments in the shape of small expansions at the base of the stem of the gill. 3 Furthermore, a nomenclatural difficulty confronts him who treats of this family, arising from our imperfect knowledge of the structure of the eye in P. typhlops Heller, the type of the genus Polycheles. In Polycheles of this report (= Polycheles + Pentacheles + Stereomastis of Bate) the ophthalmic lobes are lodged in a deep notch or sinus of the anterior margin of the cara- pace and send off from their anterior portion a long ‘cylindrical process beneath the anterior lateral angle of the carapace. In Willemoesia Grote (type, W. leptodactyla W.-Suhm) the ophthalmic lobe is situate in the metope and is not lodged in a sinus of the carapace, nor does it send off a process beneath the anterior lateral angle of the carapace. Of Polycheles typhlops Heller says: “ Die Augen fehlen fast ganz, nur an der Basis der oberen Antennen gewahrt man an der Stelle, wo sich der Stirnrand nach unten umbiegt, zwei schwarze rundliche Flecken als Rudimente derselben.” This description applies more nearly to the eye of Willemoesia than to that of Poly- cheles of Bate and more recent authors.t, On the other hand, the notch in the anterior margin of the carapace, although rather shallow, and the gen- eral character of the carapace as shown in Heller’s figure, indicate a species congeneric with those which have since been placed in Polycheles. Should a re-examination of the type of Polycheles typhlops reveal an eye constructed as * Rep. Challenger Macrura, p. 154, 1888. + Sitzungsber. Kais. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, XLV., Abth. I., 390, 1862. { In Willemoesia the posterior thoracie feet are chelate in both sexes, while in the type specimen of P. typhlops (a male) these appendages are simple. But much stress cannot be laid upon this difference, since Heller’s unique specimen of P. /yph/ops was only two inches in length. Norman’s description of P. typhlops (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th Ser., IV., 176, 1879) has no bearing on the point here under consideration, since it is very doubtful whether the specimens described by him are the same as Heller’s species. POLYCHELES TANNERI. 119 in W. leptoductyla, then Willemoesia would become a synonyme of Polycheles Heller (type, P. typhlops), and Polycheles of this memoir would become Pen- tacheles Bate, with P, euthrix as its typical species. Polycheles tanneri Fax. Plate XXXII. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 196, 1893. Surface of shell pubescent. Carapace broadest at the middle, narrow- ing anteriorly and posteriorly. Orbital sinus rounded at the posterior end, outer margin spinulose. Ophthalmic lobes armed with an anterior spine. Basal segment of antennules furnished with two external spines. Median carina of the carapace furnished with two anterior rostral spines, followed by five (or six) spines in front of the cervical groove, the fourth (or fifth) of which is double. This arrangement of spines may be formulated thus: 2.1. 1.1.1.2. 1 (or 2.1.1.1. 2.1). Back of the cervical groove the spines of the median carina are 2. 2.2. Marginal spines of the carapace are thus arranged: five on each side of anterior part, three on the middle, and thir- teen or fourteen on the posterior (6 — 3—13 or 14). There is a longitudi- nal row of four small spinules on the anterior division of the carapace midway between the median and marginal rows, and a row of twelve to fifteen on the branchial regions inside the margin of the carapace. There are also two or three spines on each side of the hind margin of the carapace and a few along the cervical groove. The first five somites of the abdomen are carinated dorsally, the carina projecting forward on each segment in the form of a spine; on the sixth segment the carina is double and denticu- late. The base of the telson is adorned with a short denticulated crest. The pleurze of the first and second abdominal segments are armed with a spine at the antero-external angle, and the margins of the third, fourth, and fifth pleure are slightly denticulated ; there is a granulated crescentic ridge on the outer face of the third, fourth, and fifth pleuree. The upper and lower edges of the merus of the chelipeds are armed with from five to seven spinules ; the carpus is short, furnished with three to five spinules on the upper border and with one below at the articulation with the propodite ; basal portion of propodite spinulose on both upper and lower margins. The terminal joint of the posterior pair of thoracic legs is chelate in the mature female, sub- chelate in the young female, simple in the males that I have examined. 120 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. Length (female adult), 96 mm. ; length of carapace, 41 mm. ; breadth of carapace, 31 mm.; length of cheliped, 87 mm. (ischium, 16 mm., merus, 23 mm., carpus, 9 mm., basal part of propodite, 15 mm., dactylus, 18 mm.). Station 3354. 322 fathoms. 1 male. « 3402. 421 ct 2 males, 1 fem. « =. 3408. +384 ee 12 males, 14 fem. ee 3409. 32 2 1 fem. This species nearly resembles P. nanus (Smith), but may be easily distin- guished by the difference in number of spines on the median and sublateral carine of the carapace, by the presence of a spine on the antero-external angle of the first and second abdominal pleure, and by the greater number of spines on the merus, carpus, and propodite of the chelipeds. P. nanus is also described as having the posterior pair of thoracic legs chelate in the male. Compared with the types of P. agassizi (A. M. Edw.), the carapace of the present species is seen to be broader and fewer-spined on the margins ; the first and second abdominal pleurz are armed with an anterior lateral spine ; the rostral spine is double instead of being single ; the orbital sinus is broad and round at the bottom instead of being narrow and acute, etc. P. agas- sizii, like P. tanneri, has non-chelate posterior legs in the male. The branchial formula is as follows : — Somites WANN “hex Xs BAG 0G, Dain “Sany Pleurobranchize 0 0 0 1 of 1 1= 4 Arthrobranchiz 0 0 2 2 2 2 OR—are Podobranchiz 0 0 1 1 1 1 O= 4 Epipods 0 r 1 1 1 1 0 = (4+17r) 16+ (4417) The epipods of the second, third, and fourth pairs of chelate appendages are very delicate in texture and about half as long as the podobranchix borne by the same appendages. The epipod of the first pair of chelate appendages is smaller than those back of it, while the one on the third maxilliped is reduced to a mere rudiment. POLYCHELES NANUS. 121 Polycheles nanus (Smrrn). Plate XXXII, Fig. 1, 1°, 1°. Pentacheles nanus Surru, Aun. Rep. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1882, p. 359, 1884; id. for 1885, p. 651, Plate VII. Fig. 1, 12, 1886. Station 3362. 1175 fathoms. 2 fem. ee eoso0. 1899 a3 1 fem. << 3a92, 1270 se 3 males, 3 fem. (1 ovig.). «393. +1020 ss 1 fem. « 3400. 1322 ss 6 fem. (1 ovig.). These specimens differ slightly, but constantly, from the type specimens from the Atlantic. The edges of the sulcated carina on the sixth abdomi- nal somite are less prominently denticulated and the tubercle at the posterior end of this carina is lower. Further, the spine near the base of the dorsal surface of the telson of the type specimens is reduced to a blunt tubercle in the Pacific examples. In these regards, the Pacific form resembles P. seulp- tus, adding weight to Professor Smith’s suggestion that P. nanus may be only a dwarf deep-water variety of P. sculptus. An adult ovigerous female measures 58 mm. in length; carapace 24.5 mm. by 16.5 mm. The posterior thoracic appendages are chelate in both sexes. The branchial formula is as follows : — Somites WITT. IX. Xs dG XII. KIT; EXTVes Pleurobranchie 0 0 0 a at i i —s <4: Arthrobranchie 0 0 2 2 2 2 0o= 8 Podobranchiz 0 0 1 1 1 1 O= 4 Epipods 0 r r ? r r 0 = (r) 164 (57) The epipods of the tenth to the thirteenth appendages are represented merely by a plate-like expansion of the base of the stem of the podo- branchia. The epipod of the third maxilliped is very minute and bears no true gill. The podobranchia and the two arthrobranchie of the tenth somite (cheliped) are much reduced in size. 16 My Se 122 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. Polycheles sculptus pacificus Fax. Plate C., Fig. 1, 1°. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 196, 1893. This form differs from its Atlantic representative, P. sculptus Smith (Pentacheles spinosus A. M. Edw.), as follows: the carapace is broader in pro- portion to the breadth of the abdomen, the lateral margins converging strongly at the posterior end, where, in P. seudptus, they continue nearly par- allel to one another; there is a small spine on each branchial region inside of, and on a level with, the second spine of the submarginal carina, — this spine is entirely wanting in the type form from the Atlantic; the spine on the anterior border of the ophthalmic lobe is larger and blunter; the pleurz of the second abdominal somite have a different shape, their anterior margins being in line with the anterior margin of the tergum, whereas in P. sculptus they form a strong obtuse angle with the anterior margin of the tergum. In other words the anterior part of these pleura is not so strongly produced for- ward in the Pacific form as it is in the Atlantic. (Cf. Figs. 1* and 2; Plate C.) These differences, though slight, are constant, and should be recognized in our nomenclature if any significance is attached to geographical variation, Station 3353. 695 fathoms. 1 male. a Boe se O me aie 1 fem. as Saga.) L020) yes 3 males, 3 fem. ee 3394. 5i1f «* 12 males, 20 fem. e o418:)— 660.9 «65 1 male, 1 fem. ee WSAO SS a eo 1 fem. “« 3424. 676, 1 fem. ovig. The last thoracic appendages are chelate in the adult female, while they are but imperfectly so in breeding males. That is, in the male the “thumb” is very much shorter than the index. The arrangement of the gills is shown in the following table : — Somites vit. Tx: >. xi. xu. Xie |) Xhvs Pleurobranchize 0 0 0 1 1 1 hes a! Arthrobranchie 0 1 2 2 2 2 = Podobranchiz 0 0 1 1 1 1 0=.4 Epipods 0 r rT r r r j= (5r) 17+ (7) POLYCHELES GRANULATUS. 123 ~ What T have here considered to be the rudiments of epipods on the tenth to the thirteenth pairs of appendages are simply thin membranous expan- sions at the base of the podobranchie similar to those of P. xanus. The third maxilliped carries a minute epipod but no podobranchia. Connected with the articular membrane at the base of this appendage is a single minute arthrobranchia. This is present in the typical P. sewlptus also, in which it has been interpreted by Smith as a questionable podobranchia.* Dimensions of a female: length, 110 mm.; length of carapace, 48 mm. ; breadth of carapace, 35 mm.; length of antennal scale, 10 mm.; length of telson, 20 mm.; length of cheliped, 123 mm. (ischium, 21 mm., merus, 36 min., carpus, 23 mm., propodite, 39 mm., dactylus, 24 mm.). A sketch of a living specimen (Sta. 3553, 695 fath.), ? made by Mr. Westergren, and reproduced on Plate C, shows the color to be a pale rose purple on the dorsal side of the carapace and abdomen, deepening to a brighter orange red on the thoracic appendages, the branches of the pos- terior abdominal appendages, and the flagella of both pairs of antenne, and fading to a delicate bluish white on the hepatic and anterior branchial regions. The raised ridges of the carapace and abdomen are whitish, the setz on the margins of the basal parts of the antennx, swimmerets, etc., are yellow. Some of the depressed areas of the hinder portion of the carapace and abdomen display a greenish tint in the colored drawing, but I suspect that this hue was derived from a little of the adhesive green mud which formed the bottom from which the specimen came. Polycheles granulatus Fax. Plate XXXII, Fig. 1; Plate XXXIIL, Fig. 2, 2°. Buil. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 197, 1893. Carapace long oval, its greatest width at the anterior branchial region ; the dorsal surface of the carapace is furnished with microscopic sete and is granulated but almost destitute of spines ; there are two small rostral spines, and back of these, on the low granulated median carina, lie four spinules arranged in two pairs, the posterior pair closely followed by a single spinule ; all of these spinules are on the anterior half of the gastric area ; the sub- marginal ridge on the branchial regions is incurved and composed of minute spinulose granules; the hepatic region is but indistinctly separated from the * Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., X. 29, 1882. 124 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. anterior branchial lobe ; the orbital notch is narrow, and armed with a spine at its internal angle, and with another at its external angle. A spinule on anterior end of the opththalmic lobe and another at the outer anterior angle of the basal joint of the antennule. The marginal spines of the carapace are thus arranged: 9 (or 10)—3—15. Of the two longitudinal ridges on the infero-lateral wall of the carapace, the upper one is visible only in front of the cervical groove, the lower one is denticulated. The dorsal abdominal carina is obsolete on the sixth somite, obsolescent on the fifth, and toothed only on the first, second, and third; a shallow groove runs outward and backward from the dorsal carina to the point of articulation with the succeeding somite on the second, third, fourth, and fifth somites; a low, triangular tubercle at base of telson; telson tapering to a slender and acute tip; anterior abdominal pleurs rounded, gradually becoming acute as one passes back- ward to the sixth. The ischium of the cheliped is unarmed ; the merus is furnished with spines on the anterior edge, and is very minutely serrate on the posterior edge, which terminates distally in a long curved spine; the carpus is long and slender, and is equipped with a prominent sharp spine at the distal end of the outer margin; the basal portion of the propodite is. spinulose along the upper margin, more minutely so on the lower margin. The fingers are spineless. The posterior thoracic limbs in the unique female specimen end in a small but perfect chela (Plate XXXIII., Fig. 27). Length, 99.5 mm.; length of carapace, 45.3 mm.; greatest width of cara- pace, 38.5 mm.;* length of cheliped, 118 mm. (ischium, 19 mm., merus, 33 mm., carpus, 22 mm., basal part of propodite, 14.5 mm., dactylus, 22 mm.). Station 3380. 899 fathoms. 1 fem. This species somewhat resembles P. devis (Bate), P. validus (A. M. Edw.), and P. debilis (Smith). Compared with the type of P. validus the carapace of this species is broader anteriorly, there is but one spine at the external orbital angle in place of two, the formula for the lateral spines is 9 (or 10) —3— 15 in place of 8 — 4 — 80, the dorsal surface of the carapace is thickly beset with granules instead of being sparsely spinulose, the sub- marginal line is evident instead of being obsolete, the posterior abdominal pleurse are subacute instead of being broadly rounded, ete. The differences between the present species and P. lavis and P. debilis will be readily seen * The carapace is too broad by 2.3 mm. in the figure on Plate XXXII. WILLEMOESIA INORNATA. 125 by reference to the descriptions and figures of those species by Bate and Smith. But an East Indian species, Polycheles beaumontii,* bears the closest like- ness to P. granulatus. Indeed, the resemblance between these two forms is so great that Iam inclined to regard P. beawmontii as, at most, but a geo- graphical race of P. granulatus. P. beaumontii is known through a single male specimen captured at a depth of 675 fathoms, off Colombo, Ceylon. I have no doubt that its most striking peculiarity, viz. the absence of the usual in- ternal lobe or “scale” of the basal segment of the antennule, is due to malformation or mutilation. The other characters which distinguish this species from P. granulatus are very slight: the number of lateral spines on the carapace is 7 (or 8) —3—13 in P. beaumontii, 9 (or 10) —3—15 in P. granulatus ; the ophthalmic sinuses are a little broader in the former species than in the latter; the arrangement of the spinules in the median line of the gastric area of the carapace is 1. 2.1 in the former, 2. 2. 1 in the latter; the larger spines on the lower margin of the merus of the great chelipeds are rather nearer the proximal end of the segment in P. deaumontit than in P. granulatus. As there is but one specimen of Polycheles granulatus in the “ Albatross” collection, I have not examined the arrangement of the branchize in detail. I have noted, however, that the normal epipods are present and well developed. WILLEMOESIA Grorr. Deidamia W.-Suum, Nature, VIII. 51, 1873 (nom. pre@oc.). Willemoesia Grote, Nature, VILI. 485, 1873. Willemoesia inornata Fax. Plate XXXIT,, Fig.2; Plate XX XIII, Fig. 3. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 195, 1893. Similar to W. leptodactyla (W.-Suhm), but readily distinguished from that species by the small number of spines on the margin and dorsal ridges of the carapace. The armature of spines may be formulated as follows : — Marginal =... 5 to 8 — 2 to 3 — 0 to 6. Median ridge .. 1to5—0. * Pentacheles beaumontii Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., XIII. 236, 1894; Ill. Zool. R. I. M.S. “ Investigator,” Crustacea, Plate VIII., Fig. 3, 1894. 126 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. In W. leptodactyla the armature, as given by Spence Bate, is as fol- lows : — Mancina meters 8 — 5 — 18 to 23. Median ridge .. 6—4. The marginal spines which lie behind the cervical groove, when present in W. inornata, are but rudimentary, while there are no spines on the sub- marginal carina or along the lateral boundaries of the cardiac area, where they are present in W. /epfodactyla. The spine on the anterior margin of the carapace at the internal orbital angle is smaller than in W. deptodactyla. If the figure of W. leptodactyla given by Bate is correct, there is an important distinction between the two species in the tergum of the sixth abdominal somite and in the pleure of the second abdominal somite. In W. inornata the dorsal carina of the sixth segment is double anteriorly and in the quadran- cular depression on either side there is a raised crescentic figure with its concavity turned outward. The horizontal axis of the second abdominal pleure is much longer in proportion to their vertical axis than it is in W. lepto- dactyla and these pleurse are much narrower and more produced anteriorly. In W. forceps A. M. Edw., the carapace is more inflated, closely beset throughout with minute spinules, its sides more convex. Station 3374. 1823 fathoms. 8 males, 6 fem. “ce oo Soe Pitt Zee 1 male, 1 fem. ovig. es 3382. 1793 <« 2 males, 4 fem. (1 ovig.). ge So00.) al feOr ace 2 males, 1 fem. B 23200)> 13228 a 1 fem. As in IW. leptodactyla, the posterior thoracic appendages are perfectly chelate in both sexes. The branchial formula is as follews : — Somites VIII. IX. 2. x Re STG. | EXWs Pleurobranchiex 0 0 0 1 1 1 eee. Arthrobranchie 0 1 2 2 2 2 = %) Podobranchie 0 0 1 1 1 1 Ot Epipods 0 1 if 1 1 1 = (5) 17+ (5) The gills and epipods in general are large and well developed, the epipods equalling the podobranchiz in length. The third maxilliped carries only a slender epipod, and the membrane that connects this appendage with NEPHROPSIS OCCIDENTALIS. 127 “ the body bears a small but perfectly formed gill (arthrobranchia). Accord- ing to Spence Bate,* this gill is entirely wanting in W. deptodactyla. Dimensions of a female; length, 125.5 mm. ; length of carapace, 52 mm.; greatest breadth of carapace, 38 mm.; length of antennal scale, 5.5 mm. ; length of telson, 23 mm. Famity ASTACIDA, i NEPHROPSIS Woop-Mason. Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Vol. XLII, Part IL., p. 40, 1873. Nephropsis occidentalis Fax. alate: Ds, Big. 1, 1%, 1: Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 195, 1893. Carapace covered with a soft, furry pubescence ; branchial areas convex. Rostrum densely ciliated on the margins, armed with a pair of lateral teeth near the middle ; a double row of prominent granulations on the dorsal sur- face, diverging posteriorly and continued back for some distance on the gastric area. A small blunt papilla in the median line of the gastric area, a pair of acute teeth near the anterior margin at the base of the rostrum, and another pair on the anterior margin just above the insertion of the second pair of antenne. There are scattered granules on the gastric area and a small papilla is seen in the median line on the intestinal region. A trace of an interrupted median carina is visible on the abdomen; it is most evident posteriorly. The abdominal terga are clothed with a soft fur like that on the carapace. The abdominal pleure are rather longer-pointed than in NV. stewarti, but not so much so as in W. agassizi and N. allantica ; their an- terior borders are finely denticulated, but destitute of spinous processes ; both anterior and posterior margins are furnished with long hairs. The sides of the pleura of the sixth abdominal segment form a sharp right angle with one another, and the posterior angle is produced to a prominent, sharp spine. The telson is armed with a sharp spine in the median dorsal line, near the proximal end. The chelipeds are densely pubescent above ; in shape and armature they are similar to the other described species of the genus. The color of this species, as shown in a sketch from life by Mr, Wester- gren, reproduced on Plate D, is dusky olive-green on the dorsal surface, * Rep. Challenger Macrura, pp. 167, 168, 1888. 128 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. while the lateral parts of the carapace, the abdominal pleure, and the append- ages are bright red. Length of a large female, 119 mm. ; carapace, 51 mm. ; rostrum, 14 mm. ; second antenna, 225 mm. Station 3418. 660 fathoms. 23 males, 32 fem. (2 ovig.). “3424. 676° —* 2 males. ES re 2 1 male, 2 fem. In some small specimens the granulations arranged in two longitudinal rows on the gastric region are transformed into small spines. In one young example the rostrum is armed with two spines on one side and with one on the other side. The prominent spine on the basal end of the telson at once separates this species from any hitherto described. The roundness of the cephalo- thorax resulting from the convexity of the branchiostegites is also character- istic. The abdominal pleure ‘are intermediate in shape between those of NV. stewarti and N. agassizi. There is but one pair of spines (the anterior pair) behind the orbit, where there are two pairs in JV. agassizw and NV. atlantica. All the forms of ephropsis hitherto described are very closely related to each other, and might be treated as geographical races of one widely distributed species. The distribution, so far as known, is as follows: JV. stew- arti W.-M., Bay of Bengal ; WV. carpenteri W.-M., Bay of Bengal ; WV. agassizii A. M. Edw. (= J. aculeata Smith, and J. rosea Bate), West Indian region, off the Bermudas, and off the south coast of New Iingland ; JV. atlantica Nor- man, Fiirée Channel and Arabian Sea; J. suhmi Bate,* off Arru Island ; NV. occidentalis Fax., off Acapulco, Mexico. Famity CRANGONID AN. PARACRANGON Dana. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI. 16, 1852; U.S. Explor. Exped., Crustacea, Part I., pp. 538, 537, 1852. * PR tep. Challenger Maerura, p.181. This species is referred to by Bate on pp. 171, 175 of the same work, under the name of Nephropsis orientalis. Nephropsis cornubiensis Bate and Rowe (Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci, 1580, p. 160) is not a Nephropsis at all (see Rep. Challenger Macrura, p. 177). PARACRANGON AREOLATA. 129 Paracrangon areolata Fax. Plate XXXIV. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 200, 1893. Body robust, integument indurated, keeled and sculptured. Rostrum long, acute, strongly upturned, laterally compressed, superior margin entire, inferior margin armed with two spines, one long one near the base above the eyes, and one small one near the tip. A prominent carina, continuous with the rostrum, extends the length of the carapace in the median line; it is armed with four spines, three of which are on the gastric region, one (obsolescent) on the cardiac region. Orbit incomplete, bounded externally by a slender spine. Outside of, and just below the base of the second an- tenna the antero-lateral angle of the carapace is drawn out into another rather stouter spine. Just behind this, and from a little higher level, a strong, sharp flattened horn is directed outward, forward, and a little upward; this horn is broad at the base, and furnished with a low carina above, which is continuous with a rounded ridge, which runs inward to the external orbital spine. A longitudinal carina on each side of the gastric region, armed with a small spine a little way behind the middle; from this spine another ridge runs upward and inward, meeting the median carina at the base of the third spine. The branchial regions are traversed by a series of ridges which anastomose in such a way as to divide these regions into a number of cells of various sizes, and they are armed with three small spines, the anterior of which is the largest. The arrangement of these branchial ridges and spines will be understood by a glance at the figures on Plate XXXIV. The hepatic region is much inflated. The abdomen is ornamented with a low carina, most conspicuous on the third segment, and on the sixth where it is double. There is also an in- distinct and interrupted carina on each side, at the base of the pleure. The pleurz of the abdominal somites are acuminate, the posterior ones longer pointed than those in front; each abdominal somite except the first is fur- nished with a transverse median ridge, interrupted in the middle ; on the first segment this ridge is confined to the pleure. here is a small spine at the base of the hind margin of the pleurz of the fourth and fifth somites. The sixth somite has two pairs of lateral spines (the posterior pair the larger), and another pair at the hind end at the base of the telson. The telson is long and acute, with a pair of longitudinal ribs on the dorsal side ; two pairs 17 y k 130 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. of small spines on the dorsal ribs of the telson, and sometimes the rudiment of a third pair near the tip. The thoracic sterna are armed with two median spines, one of which is situate on the somite which normally bears the second pair of legs, the other on the following somite. The sternum of the first to the fifth somites of the abdomen bears a long spinous median tooth, while the sixth somite is armed with a pair of smaller spines on the anterior margin of the sternum. The eyes are of moderate size, black, and situated on short, rather stout peduncles. The first segment of the antennular peduncle is long, enlarged proxi- mally, and furnished with a rounded external plate at the proximal end; it is thickly clothed with hairs on its inner margin. The second segment is shorter, more nearly cylindrical, and is likewise furnished with hairs along its inner and inferior margin. The third segment is much shorter than the second, and bears two flagella, the outer of which is about twice as long as the inner, much broader, and composed of about twenty-two flattened segments. The peduncle of the antenna considerably overreaches the antennal scale, and is of nearly the same length as the antennular peduncle. The antennal flagellum is about equal in length to the whole body. The third maxillipeds are long and pediform, surpassing the antennal peduncle when directed straight forward. The terminal segment is some- what flattened, but not enlarged. The chelipeds are of moderate length, reaching forward slightly beyond the peduncle of the antenne; there is a spine on each side of the distal end of the carpus, and another long and acute one at the antero-internal angle of the propodite. Of the second pair of legs there is no trace. The third pair is very slender and longer than the first pair. The fourth and fifth pairs are more robust than the third pair and also longer, the fifth pair sur- passing the fourth. They terminate in a curved and very sharp dactylus. The abdominal appendages are biramose, the inner branch being well developed and subequal to the outer branch, except in the first pair, where it is very small in both sexes. In the male the inner branch of the second pair carries a stylamblys on its internal margin. The terminal pair is much shorter than the telson. Length of a female from tip of rostrum to end of telson, 85 mm.; length PONTOPHILUS OCCIDENTALIS. 113i of carapace, including rostrum, 30 mm.; length of rostrum, 12 mm.; length of telson, 16 mm. Station 3424. 676 fathoms. 2 males, 3 fem. (1 ovig.). «= 3.425. +680 és 1 male. The males (all of which are much smaller than the females) differ from the other sex in having the various spines longer, the abdominal pleurx narrower and produced to longer spinous points. The egg measures 1.5 x 1.3 mm. The number and arrangement of the gills are the same as in the type species of the genus, P. echinata Dana, as shown by the following formula: Somites, Villeenvalliee eX Xs) XI. XATS KITT eX TV Pleurobranchie, 0 0 0 1 1 al 1 1 5 Arthrobranchie, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 0 Podobranchie, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0) 0= 0 Epipods, al 1 0 0 0 0 0 0= (2) 5+ (2) Paracrangon hystrix A. M. Edw.* is not a Paracrangon. The second pair of legs (which are non-chelate) are not completely suppressed, and there are two arthrobranchiz on each side of the ninth (third maxillipedal) somite. Although differing much in aspect from the typical species of Sadbinea, it agrees in the essential structural features, and is correctly referred to that genus by Professor S.I. Smith. It is identical with the species afterward described by Smith under the name of Sabinea princeps.t Paracrangon echinata Dana, the only other species of Paracrangon known, has been found at Vancouver’s Island, Puget’s Sound, California, and Japan. PONTOPHILUS Leacz. Malacostr. Podophthal. Brit., Plate XXXVII. A., 1816 (?). Pontophilus occidentalis Fax. Plaie D., Fig. 2-2". Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 200, 1893. Closely allied to P. abyssi Smith, and P. bate’ Fax.{ From the former it differs in having a shorter rostrum, larger eyes, and more strongly developed * Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 6¢™¢ Sér., Vol. XI., No. 4, p. 6, 1881. + Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., X. 38, 1882. + Pontophilus batei Fax., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XXIV. 200, 1893, = Pontophilus gracilis Bate (nom. praoc.). Ortmann (Decapoden u. Schizopoden der Plankton-Expedition, p. 49, 1893) also has pro- 132 STALK-EYED CRUSTACEA. carine on the carapace, From the latter it also differs in its shorter rostrum armed with two pairs of lateral teeth; in the presence of a sharp spine on the sternum between the second pair of legs; in the length of the antennal scale, which is equal to the distance from the tip of the rostrum to the cardiac spine; in the shortness of the second pair of legs, which reach only half way to the distal end of the merus of the first pair; and in the absence of the spine on the outer margin of the merus of the first pair of legs. The eyes are as large as those of P. gracilis Smith (much exceeding the rostrum in length), but they are nearly colorless and unfaceted, as in P. abyss and P. batet. The color in life is shown on Plate D. Length 73 mm.; length of carapace, 21 mm. Station 3361. 1471 fathoms. 2 specimens.