Memoirs of

Museum

Victoria

musemn

VICTORIA

Melbourne Australia
31 December 2001

Volume 59
Number 1

Front cover: Herbert Mathew Hale (1895-1963) published extensively on Crustaeea, isopods and
cumaceans in partieular, and his Crustaceans of South Australia (1927, 1928) is still used today. His 18
papers on Cumacea inelude deseriptions of many new taxa. His ParacUastylis tumida illustrated in 1937
is typieal of his work and is rediagnosed by Sarah Gerken in this issue of the Memoirs.

ISSN 0814-1827

MEMOIRS

of

MUSEUM VICTORIA

MELBOURNE AUSTRALIA

Memoir 59
Number 1
31 December 2001

Acting Chief Executive Officer
Martin Hallett

Director (Programs, Research and Collections)
Robin Hirst

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CONTENTS

The Gynodiastylidae (Crustacea; Cumacea)
Sarah Gerken .

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Memoirs of Museum Victoria 59(1): 1-274 (2001)

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

Sarah Gerken

Darling Marine Center, University of Maine, Walpole, ME 04573, USA

Present address: Biology Department, James Madison University, Burruss Hall, MSC 7801,
Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA (gerkensa(gjmu.edu)

Abstract

Gerken, S., 2001. The Gynodiastylidae (Crustacea: Cumacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria
59: 1-276.

The Gynodiastylidae are a small family of Cumacea, of 58 previously published species,
found primarily in the Southern Hemisphere. Investigation of the collections of Museum Vic¬
toria, the Australian Museum, and the South Australian Museum yielded six new genera and
45 new species, diagnosed and figured in this monograph. All previously known species are
diagnosed and figured (from type speeimens where possible, or from the literature when type
specimens were not available). Full descriptions of all species are available via the DELTA
database, Gynodiastylidae, which can be accessed at www.museum.vic.gov.au/memoirs.

Introduction

Cumaceans are small crustaceans (1-30 mm),
frequently encountered in benthic marine and
littoral environments, that brood their young in a
ventral marsupium. Many cumacean species
inhabit the surface layer of sediment, partially
burying themselves and pursuing a deposit¬
feeding lifestyle, while others can be found cling¬
ing to algal turf on rocks. No parasitic species are
known although it is presumed from their
mandible morphology that some arc predators on
small organisms such as foraminiferans. Plankton
samples, especially those taken at night, occa¬
sionally contain cumaceans, particularly adult
males which arc perhaps searching for mates;
females are rarely if ever collected in night plank¬
ton tows (Corbera, 2000). Cumaceans can be
extremely abundant, in some cases being among
the ten most abundant species in benthic samples
(Watling, pers. comm.) but distributions tend to
be patchy, both locally and globally.

In the most commonly accepted crustacean
classification scheme, the Cumacea form an order
within the Superorder Peracarida of the Class
Malacostraca (Hessler and Watling, 1999). The
eumacean bauplan consists of a relatively bul¬
bous cephalothorax, usually called the carapace,
composed of the head and at least the first three
thoraeic somites fused together, usually five free
thoracic segments, and a slender six-segmented
abdomen. Within these constraints, carapace
design and overall body form can vary widely.

Despite the variation, the basic body plan is
conserved and cumaceans are readily recognis¬
able as such. Unfortunately, there are very few
fossil records of this group, leaving the age of the
group uncertain. The oldest known fossils are
from the Late Permian (Opthalmdiaslylis
Malzahn, 1972) and clearly belong to the modem
family Diastylidae.

Historically, cumaceans have caused some
consternation among taxonomists. Although
cumaceans are a clearly recognisable group, their
familial divisions are not as obvious. Various
workers have classified the order into 4-26 fami¬
lies, of which eight are currently accepted. How¬
ever, the family definitions overlap to such an
extent that the most difficult task in identification
of a species is placement into a family (Day,
1980). A large portion of the uncertainty stems
from a lack of work on the group. Approximately
60 authors have published on cumaceans since
1780, describing 119 genera containing over
1200 species, and the bulk of published work has
concentrated on simply describing species. Virtu¬
ally nothing is known about the evolutional
history of the Cumacea or the relationships within
the group.

The Gynodiastylidae are a small, relatively
well defined group, resident primarily in the
Southern Hemisphere with a few species
recorded from Japan, Thailand, and the Arabian
Gulf. Most species are from depths less than 100
m (Day, 1980). In contrast to the other putative

2

SARAH GERKEN

family level cumacean groups, the Gynodiasty-
lidae contain few species (58 published), arc
found in a limited range of depths (0-680 m pub¬
lished), and are relatively clearly diagnosed, with
no exceptions to the two main characters used for
diagnosis of the family (lack of pleopods in the
male and lack of an exopod on maxilliped 3 in
the female). This combination of traits makes
the Gynodiastylidae an excellent candidate for
monographic treatment.

Morphology

The cumacean body is divided externally into
carapace, thorax (pereon), and abdomen (pleon)
(Fig. 1). In the Gynodiastylidae, the carapace rep¬
resents the fusion of the head and the first three,
or in a few cases four, thoracic segments. The
pseudorostral lobes may be directed sharply dor-
sally, horizontally, or ventrally. The orientation of
the pseudorostral lobes is a sexually dimorphic
character in the gynodiastylid genera Allodiastylis
and Zimmeriana, with the female pseudorostrum
dorsally or horizontally directed, and the male
pscudorostrum ventrally directed. The carapace is
also frequently sexually dimorphic within the
Gynodiastylidae, although to a lesser extent than
in the most other Cumacea. In the male, orna¬
mentation of the carapace is occasionally reduced
(ridges or spines may be lost), and the ventral
margin of the carapace may be .swollen, with a
pronounced lateral ridge, to accommodate the
expanded peduncle of antenna 2. The eye lobe is
broad rather than narrow, and the presence of
lenses is sexually dimorphic, with adult males
possessing more functional lenses than females;
females frequently are entirely without functional
lenses.

In general, within the Gynodiastylidae sexual
dimorphism is less pronounced than in other
families (Fig. 3), although there arc some genera
with .sexual dimorphism approaching that found
in other families (Allodiastylis, Zimmeriana).

The peduncular articles of antenna I may be
moderate or greatly expanded (Allodiastylis,
Sheardia). The main and accessory flagella arc
similar in length, with the only difference being
the longer terminal setae on the main fiagellum
(Fig. 2).

Antenna 2 in the male is reduced, with three
or four peduncular articles, and 7-13 flagellar
articles; in contrast, antenna 2 of all other adult
male cumaceans has a 5-article peduncle and
more than 20 flagellar articles (Fig. 3). The most
distal peduncle article is the longest, in most cases
longer than the other peduncle articles together,
and bears many setae organised into distinct rows
or ranks on the anterior surface of the article. The

flagellum is very short, never reaching beyond the
posterior margin of the carapace, and frequently
shorter than the peduncle. Each fiagellar article
bears one or two rows of setae.

Mouthparts and maxillipeds arc very similar
throughout the family; typical examples arc
presented in Fig. 2.

Pereopod I is the fourth thoracic appendage or
the first walking leg. In Gynodiastylidae this
appendage ranges in size from less than the
carapace length to more than twice the carapace
length. There are four basic morphologies:

(1) less than the length of the carapace to
slightly longer than the carapace, bearing setae
but without any conspicuous groupings of long
setae, and all distal articles shorter than basis
(simple) (Fig. 2);

(2) longer than the carapace, with a brush of
long setae organised in a tight rank, set into a
pocket on the distal face of the propodus, dacty-
lus half propodus length, usually much less
(propodus brush) (Figs I, 3);

(3) from 1.5 to 2 times carapace length, with
carpus, propodus, and sometimes dactylus longer
than basis, without many long conspicuous setae
on distal half of dactylus (elongate); and

(4) Proportions as in 3, but with many long con¬
spicuous setae on distal half of dactylus
(elongate, with dactylus brush).

Pereopod 2 may have a slender basis, or the
basis may be expanded to as much as 10 times the
width of the other articles. The expansion of the
basis may be more pronounced in the adult male,
but is not a sexually dimorphic character. Pereo-
pods 3, 4 and 5 are very similar in structure,
decreasing in size posteriorly. In a few species,
pereopod 4 bears pronounced lobes, possibly a
sexually dimorphic character.

Pleopods are absent in all males (Fig. 3).

Exopods are present on all males on maxilliped
3, pereopod I and pereopod 2, and dependent on
species may be present on pereopod 3 or both
pereopods 3 and 4. Exopods in females are never
found on maxilliped 3, and may be found in any
of the following combinations:

(1) present and fully developed on pereopods I
and 2, absent on pereopods 3 and 4 (Fig. 2);

(2) present and fully developed on pereopods 1
and 2, present and rudimentary on pereopods 3
and 4;

(3) absent from pereopods 1-4; or

(4) absent from pereopods I and 2, present and
rudimentary on pereopods 3 and 4.

The telson is variable within Gynodiastylidae,
most commonly small but in some species large
and tubular. There may be two terminal setae or

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

3

none, and in some species the terminal setae of
the adult male are larger than the terminal setae of
the female. Presence of the terminal setae may
be difficult to determine, as in many species the
terminal setae are reduced to minute nubs (Fig. 2).

History’ of study of Gynodiastylidae
During the first half of the twentieth century,
cumaccan taxonomists placed great value on the
morphology of the tclson for defining families
and genera of telson bearing fonns of Cumacea.
In the North Atlantic, where the majority of the
specimens were obtained, the telson is of remark¬
able consistent systematic value. However, out¬
side the North Atlantic basin, tclson morphology
seems to be of less value. As species were
described from all over the world, intermediate
forms were added and it became apparent that
telson size is not a discrete character but instead a
continuously varying character (Day, 1980).

Gynodiastylis Caiman, 1911 originally in¬
cluded four species, three with a brush of setae on
the propodus and one without such a brush. Of
Caiman’s four species, three possess biarticulate
uropod endopods and one a uniarticulate endo-
pod. The species were placed in the same genus,
despite differences in the exopod numbers of
the adult males, percopod 1 morphology, and uro¬
pod endopod article numbers. Caiman (1911)
gave two reasons, the first being overall similarity
of body form and telson, and the second that the
four species were united by the absence of
pleopods in the male and the lack of an exopod on
maxillipcd 3 in the female. At the time, with only
four species known, these features were not
recognised as characteristics of a higher level
grouping.

Herbert Hale added 33 species to the Gynodi-
a.stylidae between 1928 and 1951. In 1946, Hale
wrote the first systematic treatise on the group,
describing 26 new species. Hale (1936, 1946)
recognised four new genera in the group, two on
the basis of pereopod 1 morphology. However,
following the lead of Caiman (1911), that telson
morphology and habitus are important in defining
genera. Hale persisted in grouping together
.species with a brush of long setae on the propodus
of pereopod 1 with species without such a bmsh
in the genus Gynodiastylis. Thus, at the beginning
of the work in hand, the Gynodiastylidae
consisted of 58 species in six genera, with the vast
majority of the species in Gynodiastylis.

Generic characters

Historically, genera in the Gynodiastylidae have
been defined on the basis of antenna 1 morphol-
ogy, pereopod 1 morphology, numbers and states

of exopods in the female (Hale, 1946; Day, 1980),
and to a lesser extent on the basis of habitus and
telson size and shape (Caiman, 1911; Hale, 1946).
There are three forms of antenna 1: a simple
antenna without expansion of the peduncular arti¬
cles; expansion of peduncular articles 1 and 2
without an increase in the length of article 3; and
expansion of peduncular articles 1 and 2 with an
increase in the length of article 3. Four forms of
pereopod 1 have been observed: simple; propodus
brush; elongate without a brush; and elongate
with a bnish on the dactylus. In the female, four
combinations of exopods have been observed:
present on percopods 1 and 2 and rudimentary on
pereopods 3 and 4; present on pereopods 1 and 2
and absent on perepods 3 and 4; absent from
pereopods 1 -4; and absent from pereopods 1 and
2 and rudimentary on pereopods 3 and 4. In the
context of cumacean taxonomy, the percopod 1
morphologies (with the exception of the simple
fonn) are derived, as arc the expanded peduncle
forms of antenna 1. Patterns of exopods on the
female have been used to define not only genera,
but also higher level taxa such as the Bodotriinae.
Exopod patterns in the female are consistent
within cumaccan genera (the sole exception is
Diastylis Say, 1818; but it has been noted that this
genus requires revision (Day, 1980)). As has been
previously remarked, the use of the telson as a
defining character is without value as the telson is
a continuously variable character (Day, 1980).
With 45 new species described, it seems appro¬
priate to rc-evaluate generic definitions within
the Gynodiastylidae, with the goal of defining
genera consistently and in line with the accepted
practices of generic definition within the order.

Two genera, Allodiastylis and Sheardia, are
characterised by expansion of articles 1 and 2
of the peduncle of antenna 1. In the case of
Allodiastylis, it is likely the expansion exists to
accommodate the musculature necessary to move
the long article 3. The expansion in Sheardia is
less obvious, as article 3 is not particularly large,
and therefore the expansion is probably not nec¬
essary to accommodate musculature. However,
both of thc.se genera are currently consistent and
do not require revision.

Gynodiastylis sensu Caiman, 1911 incorpor¬
ated three species with a brush on the propodus of
pereopod 1, and one species with a simple pereo¬
pod 1; the females of all four species
possess exopods on pereopods 1 and 2 only. Hale
(1946) added to the genus species both with and
without the propodus brush, with the rationale
that the habitus and telson were similar, and
Caiman (1911) had not discriminated between

4

SARAH GERKEN

brush-bearing and non-brush-bearing forms. With
30 new species that would fit Gynodiastylis sensu
Hale, it seems worthwhile to rethink the inclusion
of propodus brush-bearing and non-brush-bearing
species in the same genus. Four species that have
a propodus brush and exopods on pereopods 1^
in the female were removed to the genus Axio-
gynodiaslylis, in order to maintain consistency
within genera in terms of exopod patterns in
the female. Species that possess a simple pereo-
pod I and cxopods on pereopods I and 2 in
the female are removed to Utog}modiastylis.
Additionally, three species with the simple pereo-
pod I and e.xopods on pereopods 1-4 in the
female were removed to Eogynodiastylis,. again in
order to maintain consistency.

The genus Zimmeriana Hale. 1946 is clearly
identifiable on the basis of two features, a brush
of many long setae disposed all about the tip of
the dactylus of percopod I, and the female
entirely without exopods. However, a single
female specimen was obsen'ed, which combines
the dactylus brush on percopod I with the pres¬
ence of rudimentary exopods on pereopods 3 and
4. Despite the fact that erecting a new genus on
the basis of a monotypic species engenders a cer¬
tain amount of uneasiness, in order to maintain
consistency within the generic characters in the
family, this species must be placed in the new
genus Pseudozimmeriami. It is possible that the
single specimen is an aberrant individual.
However, in this case, the cxopods, although tiny,
arc clearly of two articles and bear small
terminal setae as in all other instances in which
nidimcntary cxopods arc present.

Hale's (1946) genus, Dicoides, is defined by an
elongate percopod I without a brush, and with
cxopods on pereopods 1^ in the female. In
the course of this work, two species were en¬
countered with an elongate percopod I. but
exopods only on pereopods 3 and 4 in the female.
These two species are assigned to the new genus
Parcidicoides rather than Dicoides to maintain
consistency.

Within the Gynodiastylidac, there are groups of
genera united by the morphology of percopod
1, with Axiogynodiastylis, Gynodiastylis, and
Haliana forming the Gynodiastylis-group, Lito-
gvnodiastylis, Eog\m)diaslylis, and Dayiis
forming the Lilogynodiaslylis-group, Dicoides
and Paradicoides forming a group, and Zimmeri¬
ana and Pseudozimmeriana fonning a fourth
group. The affinities of Allodiaslylis and Sheardia

arc not clear, as there is no reason to suppose that
Allodiaslylis and Sheardia form a group, and any
affinities with the other groups are unclear.

Functional morphology

The extreme morphology of the first pereopods
in .some genera of gynodiastylids (Dicoides,
Zimmeriana, Gynodiastylis-growYi) has long
been recognised as a probable impediment
to locomotion (Day, 1980), with the level of
impediment directly related to the extremity of
the morphology. The functions of these bizarre
morphologies have never been elucidated, as only
one person has published observations of a living
gynodiastylid (Harada. 1962).

Two species of Gynodiastylis sensu stricto arc
known to constnict tubes. G. tubicola Harada,
1962, and G. tuhifacturex sp. nov. Harada (1962)
observed live animals constructing tubes
in beakers with fine sediment, the only live obser¬
vation of tube building known for a cumacean.
Gynodiastylis tuhifacturex is believed to con¬
struct tubes because several (~8) individuals in
the collections of the Australian Museum are pre¬
served with a tube of mucus surrounding the
body, generally with a few fine grains of sediment
adhered to the mucus. In conjunction with the
obser\'ations of Harada (1962) and the new
species, it is suggested that other species of
Gynodiastylis sensu stricto may also build tubes.
The tubes found around G. tuhifacturex are not
particularly robust, and it is likely that nonnal
sieving procedures, as carried out on box-core
samples, may well remove or destroy such tubes.

The brush of .setae on the propodus of percopod
1 is usually made up of long, microserrate setae.
In some instances, the brush setae are reported as
simple. However, this is probably due to a lack of
rc.solution or magnification when the setae were
examined. The dactylus on this form of percopod
is small and slender, and bears 1 or 2 setae of a
similar length and type to those that make up the
brush. The bases of the brush setae are organised
as a single row, set into a pocket on the anterior-
distal surface of the propodus. When the dactylus
is straightened (pulled up away from the rela.xcd
position, with the tip of the dactylus hanging
down in a subchclale position), the setae of the
brush fan out. The fan of micro.serrate .setae bears
a marked resemblance to known filter feeding
stmetures in tube building amphipods (e.g, Cera-
pus crassicornis Sars, 1900). It is reasonable to
suggest that the Gynodiastylis-group of genera

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

5

use the brush of setae on the propodus to filter
feed.

The elongate pereopod 1 reaches an extreme
morphology in Dicoicies areolalo and Para-
dicoides megadaclylus, in which pereopod 1 is as
long or longer than the entire body. In D. areolata
pereopod I is heavily calcified and robust, with
few. short setae. Other species of Dicoides have
slightly less extreme morphologies of pereopod I,
with the leg being somewhat shorter and/or less
robust than that seen in D. areolata. However, it
is clear that the large pereopod 1 must impede
locomotion; it cannot be folded out of the way
because the final three articles of the most
extreme fonns are each nearly the length of the
earapace (viz. in Paradicoides megadactylii.s). No
function has been postulated for this form
of pereopod 1 and none is suggested here. Elon¬
gation of pereopod I is not sexually dimorphic,
therefore it is unlikely to be of benefit in attract¬
ing a mate. In some species of Dicoides
(D. micron, D. mimisculus) the dactylus has
many short setae disposed all about the distal
half of the article, and the dactylus bnish of the
Zimmeriana-type species can clearly be derived
by the elongation of these setae.

The dactylus brush found on the Zimmeriana-
type pereopod 1 approaches the volume of the
carapace, and females entirely lack exopods. No
function has been postulated for these brushes,
although it is likely the presence of the brush
impedes locomotion. The setae of the dactylus
brush are simple, are not organised into a fan, and
therefore are not congaicnt with use as a filter
feeding apparatus.

Methods

All 102 taxa were scored into a DELTA (version
4.09, p. v) data matrix with 315 characters (males
and females scored separately, giving a matrix
of 315 by 204) (Dallwitz ct al., 1999). Full
descriptions of all species are available via the
DELTA database, Gynodiastylidac, which can be
accessed at www.museum.vic.gov.au/memoirs.

Every taxon encountered in this study was
scored for as many of the 315 characters as pos¬
sible. Type material was scored for each species,
primarily from inspection of the literature, but
holotypes were compared with the literature and
rescored if the types were accessible. Some types
arc not deposited in museums and were impos¬
sible to obtain, particularly those from .lapanese
waters.

All available collections (Museum Victoria,

South Australian Museum, Australian Museum)
of unidentified Southern Hemisphere cumaceans
were thoroughly investigated for distributions,
life stages, and new taxa. For many species
numerous specimens were identified and listed in
short form here. Full locality details arc available
from the museums concerned.

New taxa and undcscribed stages of previously
described taxa were dissected, mounted in an 8
parts glycerol/ 2 parts 1{)% ethanol mixture, and
drawn using a camera lucida on a Wild compound
microscope. When sufficient numbers of speci¬
mens were available, new taxa were dissected
completely and all appendages drawn. In the case
of monotypic ta.xa, maxilliped 3-pcreopod 5, tel-
son, uropods, and antenna I were drawn. Antenna
2 of the adult male was always illustrated, even if
the taxon was monotypic. Additional maxillipcds
for some monotypic taxa were illustrated. How¬
ever, maxillipeds 1 and 2 of some monotypic taxa
could not be removed without destroying the
carapace, and preservation of carapace morphol¬
ogy in holotype specimens was considered a very
high priority.

In the following account genera are grouped
according to their affinities, rather than strictly
alphabetically. Species within the genera are
listed alphabetically. All lengths in the written
description arc total body lengths, measured from
the anterior tip of the pseudorostral lobes to the
posterior border of the last pleonite (the telson is
excluded from the total body length). In order
to clearly illustrate carapace details, exopod
setae are not included on full body illus¬
trations. Exopods bear two setae per annu-
lation; for clarity, a single seta per annulation is
illustrated. Scale bars in the figures apply to the
full body figures. Sctal classification and ter¬
minology follow the scheme presented by
Watling(1989).

Museum abbreviations are; Australian
Museum, Sydney (AM), Museum Victoria,
Melbourne (NMV), South Australian Museum,
Adelaide (SAM), National Institute of Water and
Atmosphere, Wellington (NIWA), Zoological
Museum, Berlin (ZMB), Zoological Museum,
Copenhagen (ZMC), The Natural History
Museum, London (BMNH), and US National
Museum of Natural History (USNM).

Gynodiastylidac Stebbing

Gynodiastylidac Stebbing, 1912: 146.—Day,
1980: 194.

6

SARAH GERKEN

Key to genera of Gynodiastylidae

1 .

2 .

3.

4.

5.

6 .

7.

8 .

9.

10 .

11 .

Antenna 1 articles 1 and 2 expanded.2

Antenna 1 articles 1 and 2 not expanded.3

Antenna 1 article 3 longer than articles 1 and 2 together. Allodiastylis

Antenna 1 article 3 shorter than articles 1 and 2 together. Sheardia

Pereopod 1 with brush of long setae on the propodus.4

Pereopod 1 without brush entirely or with brush of long setae on dactyl.... 6

Female with exopods on at least pereopods 1 and 2.5

Female entirely without exopods. Haliana

Female with full exopods on pereopods 1 and 2 and rudimentary exopods on

pereopods 3 and 4. Axiogymodiastylis

Female with exopods only on pereopods 1 and 2. Gynodiastylis

Pereopod 1 long (at least twice length of any other pereopod), uropod

exopod broad with many stout setae.7

Pereopod 1 normal (less than twice length of any other pereopod) uropod

exopod slender, with few setae.10

Pereopod 1 with brush of long setae on dactyl.8

Pereopod 1 without brush of long setae on dactyl.9

Female entirely without exopods. Zimmeriana

Female with minute rudimentary exopods on pereopods 3 and 4,

. Pseudozimmeriana

Female with full exopods on pereopods 1 and 2, rudimentary exopods on

pereopods 3 and 4. Dicoides

Female with nidimentary exopods on pereopods 3 and 4, without exopods on

pereopods on 1 and 2. Paradicoides

Female with exopods. 11

Female entirely without exopods. Dayus

Female with full exopods on pereopods 1 and 2 and rudimentary exopods on

pereopods 3 and 4. EogynodiastyUs

Female with full exopods on pereopods 1 and 2, without exopods on
pereopods 3 and 4. Litogynodiastylis

Allodiastylis Hale
Allodiastylis Hale, 1936: 426.

Type species. Allodiastylis cretatus Hale, 1936.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Pseudo¬
rostrum long, slender, distinctly dorsally directed,
with several long setae at tip. Eye lobe short,
broad, without lenses. First antenna long, more
than half length of carapace, first 2 peduncle arti¬
cles expanded (more than twice width of third
article), third peduncle article longer than first 2
articles together. Pereopod I of moderate length,
carpus and propodus subequal. Female entirely
without exopods. Uropod endopod of 2 articles.
Telson at least 1.5 times length of last pleonitc,
usually much longer, tubular, with no post-anal
part, with pair of terminal setae.

Adult male. Pscudorostnim robust and
distinctly ventrally directed. Eye lobe long, very
broad, with several lenses. Antenna 2 with 3-^
article peduncle and 11 article flagellum.
Exopods present on maxilliped 3and pereopods
1^. Telson terminal .setae long.

Distribution. Eastern Australia including
Tasmania, New Zealand; 1-1264 m.

Species. Allodiastylis acanthanasillos sp. nov.,
A. acanthodes sp. nov., A. cretata Hale, 1936,
A. Itiriipes Hale, 1946, A. Johnstoni Hale, 1946,
A. tenuipes Hale, 1946.

Remarks. The sexual dimorphism in the habitus
of the males and females is notable; it may be
difficult to determine the species of a male
Allodiastylis if it is not collected with females.

Key to species of Allodiastylis (females and subadult males)

1. Uropod rami subcqual.2

— Uropod rami unequal (exopod distinctly longer than endopod).3

2. Carapace with spines and setae. a. acanthanasillos

— Carapace with sparse, tiny granules. A. hirtipes

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

7

3. Carapace with many tricuspid spines or tubercles. A. acanthodes

— Carapace with granules or smooth.4

4. Uropod peduncle shorter than or equal to telson. A. johnstoni

— Uropod peduncle distinctly longer than telson.5

5. Antenna 1 with articles 1 and 2 as deep as long, pereopod 3 longer than

carapace; percopods 1-5 slender. A. lenuipes

— Antenna 1 with articles 1 and 2 longer than deep, pereopod 3 shorter than

carapace, pereopods 1-5 not especially slender .... A. cretala

Note: Adult males are markedly dimorphic, with the pseudorostrum horizontal or ventrally
directed, the eyelobc enlarged, carapace ornamentation diminished, and usually with a marked
ventral horizontal swelling of the carapace to accommodate the enlarged antenna 2. Males arc
known for some but not all species.

AHodiastylis acanthanasillos sp. nov.
Figures 4, 5

Material examined. Holotype. New Zealand. Chat¬
ham Rise, E of South Island, 44°29.89 31.9'S,
178°57.88-179%6.57'W, 1065 m, 7 Sep 1989 (stn
V362 DAB), NIWA H-802 (subadult female).

Diagnosis. Female and stthaduh male. Carapace
bearing many disspersed spines and long setae.
Pseudorostrum without teeth, bearing several
long setae, sharply dorsally directed. Antenna 1
articles I and 2 not dilated. Percopods without
conspicuous long setae. Telson bearing several
spines and many setae, irregularly dispersed,
slightly shorter than uropod peduncles, Uropod
peduncles bearing many setae irregularly dis¬
persed on surface, rami subequal. Adult male.
Unknown.

Etymology. From Greek, acanthus meaning
thorns and anasillos meaning bristling hairs, in
reference to the combination of spines and setae
evident on the carapace and abdomen.

Distribution. E of New Zealand; 1065 m.

Remarks. This species is similar to AHodiastylis
Johnstoni, but the presence of spines and setae
on the carapace of A. acanthanasillos is very
different from the small granules figured on the
carapace of A. Johnstoni by Hale (1946). In
A. Johnstoni the telson is much shorter than
the uropod peduncles, and the uropod exopod
is clearly longer than the endopod. In
A. acanthanasillos the telson is nearly as long as
the uropod peduncles, and the uropod rami arc
subequal.

AHodiastylis acanthodes sp. nov.

Figures 6-9

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., western
Bass Strait, 5 km SW of Bluff Point (40°48.rs,
144°38.0'E), 42 m, bryozoans, M.F. Gomon et al., RV

Hai Kung, 2 Feb 1981 (stn BSS 126), NMV J48137
(ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Tas., western Bass Strait, 5 km
SW of Bluff Point (4()°48.rs, I44°38.0’E). 42 m, bry¬
ozoans, M.F. Gomon et al., RV Hai Kung, 2 Feb 1981
(stn BSS 126), NMV J48138 (3 ovigerous females, 8
subadult females, 3 subadult males); J48273 (I subadult
female dissected); J48287 (1 adult female dissected), 48
km ENEofCapeTourville(42“0().25'S, I48°43.55’E),
1264-1130 m, gravel with lumps of sandy mud aggre¬
gate, WHOI epibenthic sled, G.C.B. Poore et al., RV
Franklin, 30 Oct 1988 (stn SLOPE 81), NMV J48142
(2 ovigerous females, 7 subadult females, 2 adult males;
348272 (I adult male dissected).

Other material. Australia. Tas.. Ba.ss Strait, 34-42°S,
148-1 SUE, 51 females, 10 males: NMV J48139;
J48140; J48141; J48143; J48144; J48145.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace
with many spines and tricuspid tubercles.
Pseudorostrum with teeth on dorsal and ventral
margins, bearing several long setae. Antenna 1
articles 1 and 2 not dilated. Pereopods without
conspicuous long setae. Telson lateral margins
produced as several stout teeth proximally,
slightly shorter than uropod peduncles. Uropod
exopod longer than uropod endopod. Adult male.
Carapace smooth, with a single ventrolateral
ridge, antennal notch distinct. Pseudorostnim
without teeth, slightly dorsally directed. Telson
with no ornamentation, shorter than uropod
peduncles. Relative proportion of uropod rami
unknown, broken on all specimens.

Etymology. From Greek, acanthus meaning thorns
or spines, in reference to the spines covering the
body.

Distribution. Tas., Bass Strait; 42-1277 m.

Remarks. This species is a typical AHodiastylis
except that in the adult male the pseudorostral
lobes arc slightly dorsally directed (in the female
they are directed sharply dorsally). but clearly not
ventrally directed. The adult male otherwise does
not resemble the females; but it was found in the

8

SARAH GERKEN

same sample with ovigcrous and pre-ovigerous
females, and it is more similar to the females than
in the other Allodiastylis species.

Allodiastylis crelata Hale
Figure 10

Allodiastylis cretatus Hale, 1936: 426-429, figs
16-17.—Hale, 1937: 72-73, fig. 8.—Hale, 1946: 429.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. SA, Gulf
St Vincent, Sel licks Reef, on stones, SAM C20I9
(female),

Paratype. Australia, SA, Gulf of St Vincent, Sellicks
Reef, on stones, SAM C2020 (juvenile male).

Other material, Australia, Tas,, 48 km ENE ot Cape
Tourville (42m25'S, I48“43.55'E), 1264-1130 m,
gravel with lumps of sandy mud aggregate, WHOI
epibenthic sled, G.C,B. Poore ct al„ RV Franklin, 30
Oct 1988 (stn SLOPE 81), NMV J47800 (21 subadult
females).

Diagnosis. Female and subadidt male. Carapace
with pair of dorsolateral ridges, terminating in
anterior dorsal prominence with several spines,
Pscudorostrum ventral margin with teeth, bearing
several long setae. Antenna 1 articles 1 and 2 not
dilated, Percopods without conspicuous long
setae, Telson without setae or teeth, equal to uro-
pod peduncle, Uropod exopod longer than endo-
pod. Adult male. Carapace with pair of dorsolat¬
eral ridges and pair of ventrolateral ridges.
Pscudoro.strum without teeth, bearing several
long setae, sharply vcntrally directed. Telson
without lateral ornamentation, shorter than
uropod peduncles.

Distribution. Tas., SA; 0-1264 m.

Remarks. Hale’s (1936) description of the adult
female is of an aberrant individual, similar to a
male, with the pseudorostral lobes horizontal.
According to Hale (1937), the nonrial state of
the pseudorostral lobes in the female is sharply
dorsally directed.

Allodiastylis hirtipes Hale
Figure 11

Allodiastylis hirtipes Hale, 1946: 429-431, figs
51-52.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. NSW, 4 mi.
off Eden. 70 ra. SAM C27I9 (ovigerous female).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, NSW,
34-43°S, 144-I51°E: 20 females, 9 males, 3 undeter¬
mined, NMV 347802; 347807; 347806; 347801; 347803;
347805; 347804; AM P55751; P56103; P60977;
P55787; P61025; P5620(); P61024; P55777.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace
covered with sparse, tiny granules. P.seudo-
rostrum with teeth ventrally, bearing several
long setae. Antenna 1 articles 1 and 2 not dilated.
Percopods 1-5 with conspicuous long setae on
basis. Telson lateral margins with many strong
teeth, shorter than uropod peduncles. Uropod
rami subcqual in length./((/»// h/u/c. Unknown.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 10-466 m.

Remarks. The conspicuous long setae on the
percopods di.stinguish this species from all other
Allodiastylis. The long setae arc frequently fouled
with mucus, as is the carapace.

Allodiastylis johnstoni Hale
Figure 12

Allodiastylis johnstoni Hale, 1946; 432-435, figs
53-54.

Material e.xamined. Holotype. Australia. NSW, Sydney
Harbor, Vaucluse, stones, SAM C2135 (female).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait. NSW,
WA, 28^2°S, 114-151 °E; 355 females. 83 males, 102
undetermined. NMV numerous registrations. AM
P6I0I7; P60990.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace
with pair of dorsolateral ridges, bearing tiny gran¬
ules or reticulations. Pscudorostrum with ventral
teeth, bearing several long .setae. Antenna 1 arti¬
cles 1 and 2 not dilated. Percopods without con¬
spicuous long .setae. TeLson without lateral onia-
mentation, longer than uropod peduncles. Uropod
exopod longer than uropod endopod. Adult male.
Carapace with pair of dorsolateral ridges and pair
of ventrolateral ridges. Pseudorostnim vcntrally
directed, without teeth, bearing several short
setae. Telson shorter than uropod peduncles.

Distribution. Southern Australia; 1-996 m.

Remarks. Hale (1946), described this species as
“closely allied” to Allodiastylis crelata. However,
in the female of A. crelata the telson is clearly
shorter than the uropod peduncles and the dorso¬
lateral ridges arc more distinct and terminate in a
prominence with spines. Another similar species
is 4. hirtipes. However, as in A. crelata the telson
of the female is clearly shorter than the uropod
peduncles, and dorsolateral ridges arc not present
on the carapace. In A. johnstoni, there are a few
moderate setae present on the basis of the perco¬
pods, similar to the situation in A. hirtipes but
both the number of setae and the length of the
setae arc much less in A. Johnstoni.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

9

Allodiastylis tenuipes Hale
Figure 13

Allodiastylis tenuipes Hale, 1946: 435-437, figs
55-56.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. NSW,
Ulladulla, Brush I., 45 fm (82 m), SAM CllQl (oviger-
ous female).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, 34-42°S,
143-151“E: 22 females, 5 males. NMV J47849;
J47850; J47851; J47852; J47853; J47854; J47855;
J47856;J47857.

Diagnosis. Female and .suhadiill male. Carapace
coarsely granulate. Pseudorostrum with weak
teeth ventrally, bearing several setae of moderate
length. Antenna 1 articles 1 and 2 dilated. Pereo-
pods with a few moderately long setae. Telson
produced as few teeth proximally, shorter than
uropod peduncles. Uropod exopod longer than
endopod. Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 17-1119 m.

Remarks. This species is similar to Allodiastylis
acanthodes but the telson is much shorter, articles
1 and 2 of the first antenna are distinctly dilated,
and the first antenna accessory flagellum is mueh
longer, being as long as the first article of the
main fiagellum. In comparison, the accessory
fiagellum of .4. acanthodes is minute, much less
than half the length of the main flagellum.

Dayus gen. nov.

Type species. Dayus pharocheradus sp. nov.

Diagnosis. Female and suhadidt male. Pseudo-
rostral lobes horizontal or weakly directed dor-
sally or ventrally. Carapace with tumidities and
teeth or ridges. Eye lobe present, without lenses.
Antenna 1 small to moderate. Pereopod 1 simple,
slender. Female entirely without exopods. Uro¬
pod endopod of 2 articles. Telson between 0.5-1
length of pleonite 6, with pair of temiinal setae.
Adult male. Eye lobe with lenses. Antenna 2 with
peduncle of 4 articles, flagellum of 10-11 arti¬
cles. Exopods present on maxilliped 3, pereopods
1^.

Etymology. The genus is named for Jennifer Day,
in recognition of her work on the family Gynodi-
astylidae, and in particular her recognition of the
Gynodiastylidae as a family-level taxon.

Distribution. Tas. to northern WA; 1-520 m.

Species. Dayus acanthus sp. nov., D. makrokolo-
.sus sp. nov., D. pharocheradus sp. nov.

Remarks. The genus is very similar to Litogyn-
odiastylis, but there is a complete absence of
exopods on the female.

Key to species of Dayus

1. Carapace with spines at least on both margins of pseudorostral lobes, and

variously present elsewhere on the carapace.D. acanthus

— Carapace without spines, although fine granulations or tubercles may be

present.2

2. Uropod exopod shorter than endopod, entire animal frequently covered in

thick mucus with clean grains of sand embedded in the mucus.

. D. pharocheradus

— Uropod exopod longer than or equal to endopod, pereopods long and slender
. D. makrokolosus

Dayus acanthus sp. nov.

Figures 14-16

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., central
Bass Strait, 65 km S of Cape Schanck (39“08.3'S,
144°43.9'E), 66 m, coarse sand, WHOI epibenthic sled,
R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 23 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 201
S), NMV J4545I (ovigerous female).

Paraiypes. Australia. Vic., central Bass Strait. 25 km
S of Aireys Inlet (38'’44.6'S, 144‘'09.()'E). 77 m. fine
sand. WHOI epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson, RV
Tangaroa, 19 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 182 S), NMV J45453
(1 ovigerous female, 1 subadult female); J45454

(1 ovigerous female); central Bass Strait, 38 km SW of
Cape Paterson (38°55.5’S, 145°I7.0'E), 70 m, fine
sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa. 12 Nov 1981 (stn
BSS 155), NMV J45455 (1 ovigerous female in poor
condition); central Bass Strait, 65 km S of Cape
Schanck (39“08.3'S, 144“43.9’E), 66 m. coarse sand,
WHOI epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 23
Nov 1981 (stn BSS 201 S), NMV .145452 (1 adult
male); western Bass Strait, 30 km SSW of Warr-
nambool (38°38.2'S, I42°35.0'E). 59 m, Smith-
Mclntyrc grab, R.S. Wilson. RV Tangaroa, 20 Nov
1981 (stn BSS 188 G). NMV J45468 (1 ovigerous
female).

10

SARAH GERKEN

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, NSW,
34^0‘’S. 143-151°E; 41 females, 12 males. NMV
J48007; J48008; J48009; J29941; J29940; J29942;
J29953: J29945; J29950: J29957; AM P55733; P55804.

Diagnosis. Female and siihadult male. Carapace
with many stout spines. Pseudorostrum with dor¬
sal and ventral spines. Pereopods normal. Eyelobe
with pair of dorsal teeth. Telson 0.5 times uropod
peduncle length. Uropod rami subequal. Adull
male. As in female, except pereopods with spines
on the basis. Exopods present on maxilliped 3 and
pereopods 1-4. Telson 0.4 times uropod peduncle
length.

Etymology. From Greek, acanthus meaning
thorny, in reference to the abundance of spines on
the carapace.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 1-84 m.

Remarks. This species is the only species of
Dayus in which the carapace is signiftcantly orna¬
mented; the ornamentation is much greater in
the male, but spines are clearly visible along the
margins of the pseudorostral lobes in the
females. Also, this species is rather smaller than
D. pharocheradus.

Dayus makrokolosus sp. nov.

Figures 17-20

Material e.xamined. Holotypc. Australia. WA, North-
we.st Shelf, between Pori Hedland and Dampier
(19°5'S. II7“26'E). 120 m. muddy sand, WHOI
epibenthic sled. G.C.B. Poore and H.M, Lew Ton, RV
Soela. 12 Jun 1983 (stn NWA 52), NMV J45456
(ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. WA, North Lumps, 2 km off
Mullaloo (31°47.30'S. 115'’42.80'E), 6 m, red algal turf
on top of reef, SCUBA, G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew
Ton. 2 May 1986 (stn SWA 107), NMV J45464 (2
subadult females); WA, Northwest Shelf, between Port
Hedland and Dampier (I9°5'S. II7°26'F.), 120 m.
muddy sand. WHOI epibenthic sled. G.C.B. Poore and
H.M. Lew Ton, RV Soela. 12 Jun 1983 (stn NWA 52),
NMV J45457 (5 subadult male.s); J45459 (14 females);
J45458 (I subadult male); J45460 (1 ovigerous female);
J45462 (1 .adult male (damaged)); J4546I (1 iTvigerotis
female). SA. 1 iparra Bay, Tiparra Reef West ground,
2.3 nm. W of Tiparra Light (34°4'S, I37“23’E).
10 m. ascidians with red and green algae. SCUBA.
G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton. 15 Mar 1985 (stn
SA 11), NMV J45463 (1 subadult female, I subadult
male).

Other material. Australia. Bttss Strait. 38-40°S
145-147°E: 3 females. NMV J48010; J29954.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace
without spine.s. Pseudorostrum without teeth.
Eyelobe without teeth. Pereopods long and

slender. Telson 0.3 times uropod peduncle length.
Uropod exopod slightly longer than uropod endo-
pod. Adult male. As in female, except carapace
with ventrolateral swelling. Telson and uropods
unknown, dissected specimen broken.

Etymology. From Greek, macrokolos meaning
long legged.

Distribution. Bass Strait, WA; 6-66 m.

Remarks. This species is much smaller than
Dayus pharocheradus. The carapace is smooth,
although the male exhibits some swelling, which
differentiates this species from D. acanthus.

Dayus pharocheradus sp. nov.

Figures 21-24

Material examined. Holotypc. Australia. SA, Tiparra
Bay, Tiparra Reef (34°4 S. 137°23'E), II m, algae on
sponges and ascidian.s. SCUBA, G.C.B. Poore and
H.M. Lew Ton, 15 Mar 1985 (stn SA 18). NMV J45443
(ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Au.stralia. SA, Tiparra Bay, Tiparra Reef
(34°4'S, I37‘’23 E), 11 m. sand, shell fragments and
■seagrass. SCUBA, G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, 15
Mar 1985 (stn SA 19), NMV J45445 (2 subadult
females); Vic., central Bass Strait, 100 km SSE of Cape
Liptrap (39'=45.9’S, I45°33.3'E), 74 m, muddy Hue
sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangarna. 13 Nov 1981 (stn
BSS 156), NMV J48265 (I);. central Bass Strait, 60 km
SW of Cape Schanck (39‘'00.2 S, I44°33.9'E), 74 m,
sandy shell, WHOI epibenthic sled, R.S. WiLson, RV
Tangaroa. 23 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 202 S), NMV J45447
(1 subadult male); eastern Bass Strait. 43 km SE of Port
Albert (38'’53.7'S, 147°06.5'E), 58 m. coarse shell,
WHOI epibenthic sled. R.S. Wilson. RV Tangaroa. 18
Nov 1981 (stn BSS 177 S), NMV J45446 (I subadiilt
male); eastern Bass Strait, 8 km S of South East Point,
Wilsons Promontory (39°12.9'S, I46°27.3'E). 65 m.
medium sand, WHOI epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson. RV
Tangaroa, 18 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 180 S). NMV J45444
(I subadult female); WA. Northwest Shelf, bctw'cen
Port Hedland and Dampier (I9“37 S, I I8‘’53’E), 30 m.
coarse shell, WHOI epibenthic sled, G.C.B. Poore and
H.M. Lew Ton. Soela. RV, 3 Jun 1983 (stn NWA 14),
NMV .145448 (1 sub.idult male); SA, Tiparra Bay,
Tiparra Reef We.st ground, 2.3 nm. W of Tiparra Light
(3W'S, I37°23'E). 10 m. sponge, red and green algae,
SCUBA. G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, 15 Mar
1985 (stn SA 6). NMV J45450 (I ovigerous female);
SA. Tipamt Light, Tiparra Bay, Tiparra Reef (34°4’S,
137°23'E), 5 m, Zostera and coarse mbbic. SCUBA,
G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton. 15 Mar 1985 (stn SA
17), NMV J45449 (1 subadult male).

Other material. Au.stralia. Tas., Bass Strait, SA,
34^2°S, 137-15TE: 46 females, 5 males. NMV
J48011; J480I2; J480I3; J48014; J48015; J480I6;
J48017; J48018; J48019; J48020; 48021; J29948;
J48022; J29949.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Diagnosis. Female and suhadidl male. Carapace
covered in strong, blunt tubercles. Pseudorostrum
without teeth. Eyelobe without teeth. Pcreopods
of moderate length, not markedly slender. Tclson
0.5 times uropod peduncle length. Uropod exo¬
pod shorter than uropod endopod. Adull male.
Carapace with few to no tubercles, distinct vetro-
lateral swelling. Eyelobe with lenses. Telson 0.4
times uropod peduncle length. Uropod exopod
shorter than uropod endopod.

Etymology’. From Greek, pharos meaning cloak
and cheradus meaning gravel, debris, or mud, in
reference to the thick coat of mucus adhering to
the species, frequently with large (relative to the
organism) grains of sand also adhered.
Distribution. Bass Strait to northern WA; 5-520 m.
Remarks. Davits pharoclieradus is larger than the
other two species of Davits, and the uropod exo¬
pod being shorter than the uropod endopod serves
to clearly distinguish the species from both
D. acanthus and D. makrokolosits. In many cases,
specimens were observed coated in mucus to
which clean sand grains were strongly adhered.

Eogynodiastylis gen. nov.

Type species. Gynodiastylis laciniacristatus
Gcrken and Gross, 2000.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Pseu¬
dorostrum approximately horizontal, may be
weakly dorsally or ventrally directed. Carapace
complex, with combinations of ridges, tuber¬
cles, tumidities. First antenna small to moderate.
Eye lobe small, without lenses. Pereopod 1
simple, relatively short, fully developed exo¬
pods present on pcreopods 1 and 2, rudi¬
mentary exopods present on pereopods 3 and 4 in
the female. Uropod endopod of 1 or 2 articles.
Telson subequal to last pleonite, with or with¬
out a small post-anal part, with or without pair
of terminal setae. Adult male, unknown.

Etymology. From Greek, eos meaning dawn, in
accordance with the supposition that this is
among the first gynodiastylid genera to evolve, in
combination with Gynodiastylis.

Distribution. Bass Strait, WA; 18-95 m.

Species. Eogynodiastylis aganaktikos sp. nov.,
E. laciniacristata (Gcrken and Gross, 2000),
E. paeniinosa sp. nov.

Remarks. The exopods are rudimentary, and
may be difficult to see without a compound
microscope, particularly if the animals are
decalcified.

Key to species of Eogynodiastylis

1. Uropod endopod uniarticulate. E. aganaktikos

— Uropod endopod biarticulate.2

2. Pereopod 4 ischium produced as large lobe. E. laciniacristata

Pereopod 4 ischium without lobe

Eogynodiastylis aganaktikos sp. nov.

Figures 25-26

Material e.xamined. Ilolotype. Australia. Vic., central
Bass Strait, 60 km SW of Cape Schanck (39°()0.2’S,
I44°33.9'E), 74 m, sandy shell, WHOl epibenthic sled,
R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 23 Nov 1981 (.stn BSS 202
S), NMV J47971 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., central Bass Strait, 60 km
SW of Cape Schanck (39'’00.2'S, 144°33.9’E), 74 m,
sandy shell, WHOl epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson, RV
Tangaroa, 23 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 202 S), NMV J45711
(1 ovigerous female); NMV J457I2 (1 subadult
female); J47970 (1). Tas., Southern Ocean, 15 km E of
Cape Connella (43°24.6 S, 147°32.5'E), 82 m, WHOl
epibenthic .sled, R.S. Wilson. RV Soda, 22 Oct 1984
(stn S05/84 64), NMV .147967 (8), eastern Bass Strait,
15.3 km ESE of eastern edge of Lake Tyers
(37‘’53.39'S, 148°15.40'E), 43 m, coarse sand, Smith-
Mclntyre grab, N. Coleman, RV Sarda, Feb 1991 (stn
MSL-EG 97), NMV J27407; eastern Bass Strait, 15.3

E. paeminosa

km ESE of eastern edge of Lake Tyers (37°53.39'S,
148°15.40'E), 43 m, coarse sand, Smith-McIntyre grab,
N. Coleman. RV Sarda, Feb 1991 (stn MSL-EG 98),
NMV .127408 (10).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, NSW,
34^0°S, 144-151°E: 18 females, 2 males. NMV
J47964; J47965; J47966; J27406; J274I3; J27411;
J47968; J47969: J27769: J27409; J27410; J27412; AM
P55799; P61039.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace
with a sharp ridge sweeping from the antcroven-
tral comer dorsally, multiple sharp ridges anterior
of the .sweeping ridge, single incomplete sharp
ridge ventrally posterior of the .sweeping ridge.
Antenna 1 articles 1 and 2 with several strong
teeth. Telson longer than uropod peduncles, lat¬
eral margins falcate (with single pair of very
strong teeth). Uropod endopod uniarticulate.
Adult male. Unknown.

12

SARAH GERKEN

Etymology’. From Greek, aganaktikos, meaning
fretful. The pattern of ridges on the anterior part
of the carapace presents a furrowed brow, or a
look of fretfulness.

Distribution. NSW, Tas., Bass Strait; 18-82 m.

Remarks. This species is recognizable from the
carapace morphology, and can be easily differ¬
entiated from the other species of Eogymodia-
.'itylis as E. aganaktikos is the only species with a
uniarticulate uropod endopod.

Eogyiwdiastylis ladniacristata (Gerken and
Gross) comb. nov.

Figure 27

Gynodiastviis laciniacristatus Gerken and Gross.
2000: 95-103, figs 1-5.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., western
Bass Strait. 10 km W of Cape Otway. (39°49.0'S,
143°24.0’E), 56 m. fine sand, WHOl epibenthic sled,
R.S. Wilson. RV Tangaroa, 20 Nov 1981 (.stn BSS 184
S), NMV J45433 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., western Bass Strait, 10 km
W of Cape Otway, (39°49.0'S. 143'‘24.0 E), 56 m. fine
sand. WHOl epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson. RV Tan¬
garoa. 20 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 184 S), NMV J45436 (I
ovigerous female, 1 subadult female); J45434 (I
ovigerous female); Tas.. central Bass Strait. 20 km
NNE of Bold Head. King 1., (40“0O.O S. 144“20.9'E),
48 m, coarse .sand, Smith-Mclntyrc grab, R.S. Wilson.
RV Tangaroa, 22 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 200 G), NMV
J45438 (1 ovigerous female); central Bass Strait, 35 km
N of Cape Wickham. King 1., (39°13.6 S. 143“55.6 E).
85 m. fine sand, WHOl epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson.
RV Tangaroa, 23 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 205 S), NMV
J45440 (I subadult female); central Bass Strait. 60 km
SW of Cape Schanck, (39'’00.2'S, I44°33.9'C), 74 m,
sandy shell, WHOl epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson. RV
Tangaroa, 23 Nov 1981 (.stn BSS 202 S), NMV J45439
(1 ovigerous female); western Bass Strait. 30 km SSW
of Watrnambool. (38°38.2'S, I42°35.0'E), 59 m.
WHOl epibenthic sled. R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 20
Nov 1981 (stn BSS 188 S), NMV J45435 (I ovigerous
female); western Bass Strait, 44 km SW of Cape Otway
(39'’06.3'S, 142'’55.6'E), 81 m. medium sand, R.S.
Wilson et al., RV Tangaroa, 21 Nov 1981 (stn BSS
192). NMV J45437 (1 ovigerous female); WA. North¬
west Shelf, between Port Hedland and Dampier
(20'’1 S, I17°ll E), 48 m, crinoids and sandy shell.
WHOl epibenthic sled. G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew
Ton, RV Soela. II Jun 1983 (stn NWA 48). NMV
J4544I (1 subadult female, damaged); WA, Northwest
Shelf, between Port Hedland and Dampier (19'’38 S,
llS^b E), 49 m, shelly sand, WHOl epibenthic sled.
G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, RV Soeia, 13 Jun
1983 (stn NWA 56), NMV J45442 (I subadult female).

Other material. Australia. Bass Strait, .JO^S,
I34-144°E: 6 females. NMV J48040; J48041.

Diagnosis. Female and .subadult male. Carapace
with a sharp ridge sweeping from the anteroven-
tral corner dorsally, with a sharp prominence
anterodorsal of sweeping ridge. Antenna I arti¬
cles I and 2 with several teeth. Telson longer than
uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth. Uro¬
pod endopod biarticulate, longer than exopod.
Adult male. Unknown

Distribution. Bass Strait, WA; 11-100 m.

Remarks. The lobe oti the ischium of pereopod 4
is diagnostic and easily visible, unless broken off.
There is another species, Gynodiastviis mega-
siphon, that has paired lobes on the tnerus and
basis, in addition to a lobe on the i.schium of perc-
opod 4. However, the first pereopods of C.
megasiphon are brush bearing, and the carapace
morphologies arc very different. Thus, E. lacini-
acristata and G. megasiphon should be easily
differentiated.

Eogynodiastylis paeminosa sp. nov.

Figures 28-30

Material e.vamined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., central
Bass Strait, 65 km S of Cape Schanck, (39°08.3'S,
I44'’43.9 E), 66 m, coarse sand, WHOl epibenthic sled,
R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa. 23 Nov 1981 (sin BSS 201
S). NMV J47973 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., central Bass Strait, 65 km
S of Cape Schanck, (39‘‘()8.3 S. I44'’43.9'E), 66 m,
coarse sand, WHOl epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson, RV
Tangaroa. 23 Nov 1981 (.stn BSS 201 S), NMV .147976
(Iovigerous female dissected); western Bass Strait, 25
km S of Cape Otway (39°06.0'S, 143°35.8'E). 95 m,
fine sand, 95% carbonate, WHOl epibenthic sled, M.F.
Gomon el al., RV HaiKimg.3\ Jan 1981 (stn BSS 118
S), NMV J47974 (I subadull male di.ssected); western
Bass Strait, 26 km SW of Cape Ouvay (39°0L0'S,
I43°22.l E), 84 m, medium sand, M.F. Gomon ct al.,
RV Hai Kimg. 31 Jan 1981 (.stn BSS 120), NMV
J47972 (3 subadult males).

Other material. Australia. Bass Strait, 39''S,
I34-I44°E: 3 females. NMV J47975; J47977.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace
with a .shaqt ridge .sweeping from the anteroven-
tral comer dorsally, distinct anterodorsal promi¬
nence produced as multiple teeth, anterior of the
sweeping ridge. Antenna 1 articles 1 with single
strong tooth. Telson longer than uropod pedun¬
cles, lateral margins serrate. Uropod endopod
biarticulate. Adult male. Unknown.

Etymology. From Latin, paeminosa meaning
rough or uneven, in reference to the carapace.

Distribution. Bass Strait, southern Australia;
66-95 m.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

13

Remarks. The female of E. paeminosa bears tiny
exopods on pereopods 3 and 4, much smaller than
the exopods present on pereopods 3 and 4 of E.
agaiiaklikos and E. laciniacristata. Also, the
percopod 4 ischium is not produced as a distinct
large lobe.

Litogynodiastylis gen. nov.

Gynodiastylis. —Caiman, 1911: 371-372.

Type species. Gynodiastylis laevis Caiman, 1911.

Diagnosis. Female and suhaduU male. Pseudo-
rostral lobes horizontal or weakly directed dor-
sally or vcntrally. Carapace smooth or complex,
with ridges, tubercles, tumidities. Eye lobe with
or without lenses. First antenna small to moder¬
ate. Percopod I simple, relatively short. Female
with fully developed exopods on pereopods 1 and
2, pereopods 3 and 4 without exopods. Uropod
endopod of 1, 2, or 3 articles. Tclson 0.5-2 times
length of last plconitc, with or without post-anal
part, with or without tenninal setae. Adult male.
Eye lobe with or without lenses, frequently with
more lenses than female. Antenna 2 peduncle of
3-4 articles, flagellum of 10-12 articles. Exopods
present on maxilliped 3 and pereopods 1 and 2,
pereopods 1-3, or pereopods 1^. Uropod

endopod of 1, 2, or 3 articles; number of articles
may be less than in female.

Etymology. From Greek lito meaning simple or
plain, in reference to the unmodified percopod 1,
in combination with Gynodiastylis.

Distribution. Australia, Tasmania; 1-400 m.

Species. Litogynodiastylis alata, L. amhigua
(Hale, 1946), L. attenuata (Hale, 1946), L. hre-
vipes (Hale, 1946), L. caperata sp. nov., L. char-
adra sp. nov., L. concava (Hale, 1946), L. crena-
globa sp. nov., L. echinata (Hale, 1946),
L. gongyla sp. nov., L. inepta (Hale, 1946), L. lae¬
vis (Caiman, 1911), L. lewtonae sp. nov.,
L. lumacaudata sp. nov., L margarita (Hale,
1946), L. microornata sp. nov., L. munda (Hale,
1951T L. mutabilis (Hale, 1946), L. ornata (Hale,
1946), L. poorei sp. nov., L. pseudomargarita sp.
nov., L quadricristata (Hale, 1946), L. ro.scida
(Hale, 1946), L. serrata sp. nov., L. trachypltasis
sp. nov., L. tumida (Hale, 1937), L. turgida (Hale,
1946), Z,. vicaria (Hale, 1951).

Remarks. TItis genus is separable from Gynodi-
a.stylis, Axiogynodiastylis, and Haliana by the
unmodified percopod 1, and from the similar
genus Eogymodiastylis by the lack of rudimentary
exopods on pereopods 3 and 4 in the female.

Key to species of Litogynodiastylis

1. Carapace smooth.2

— Carapace with spines, tubercles, ridges or tumidities.4

2. Telson with serrate lateral margins, with 1 pair lateral setae and 1 pair

terminal setae. L. ambigua

— Telson unarmed, lateral margins entire.3

3. Uropod endopod uniarticulatc, male with exopods on pereopods 1 and 2 only
. L. laevis

— Uropod endopod biarticulate, male with exopods on pereopods 1-3
. L. attenuata

4. Sides of carapace closely beset with spines, without ridges. L. echinata

— Sides of carapace without spines, or if spines present, ridges also present.. 5

5. Carapace covered with tubercles.6

— Carapace with few or no tubercles.7

6. Carapace with tubercles but no lateral ridges. L. roscida

— Carapace with tubercles and lateral ridge curving up to meet dorsal ridges
. L. poorei

1. Each side of carapace with well defined ridge, curving up from antennal
angle to meet a dorsolateral ridge.8

— Without entire ridge, although a partial ridge may be present.11

8. Carapace strongly decorated with many heavy ridges and tubercles.

. L. traebyphasis

— Carapace with reticulations or tubercles, without heavy lateral ridges.9

9. Telson with at least 1 pair lateral teeth, and in adult apex pointed and

projecting for short distance beyond bases of pair of subtenninal setae.
Uropod endopod uniarticulatc in both male and female. L. mutabilis

14

SARAH GERKEN

10 .

11 .

12 .

13.

14.

15

16.

17 .

18.

19.

20 .

21 .

22 .

23.

24.

25.

Telson with lateral margins entire, apex with 1 pair small setae. Uropod

endopod biarticulate in both male and female.10

Male with exopods on pereopods 1 and 2, adults of both sexes 2.5-3.5 mm

. L. microornata

Male with exopods on pereopods 1—4, adults of both sexes 4—5 mm

. L. ornata

Carapace with 2 pairs of dorsal ridges.12

Carapace with 1 pair or no dorsal ridges.13

Dorsal ridges connected by short transverse ridge at midpoint. Carapace

without setae. L. quadricristata

Dorsal ridges unconnected. Carapace covered with clusters of tiny hairlike

setae. L. gongyla

Carapace with 2 parallel rows of dorsal teeth. L. serrata

Carapace without rows of dorsal teeth.14

Carapace with incomplete, weak lateral ridge, beginning at antennal angle.
Eyelobe with pair of spines. Telson lateral margins incised to form 1 large

tooth on each side. L. brevipes

Carapace without incomplete, weak lateral ridge.15

Carapace with 2 incomplete dorsal rows of heavy tubercles or blunt teeth and

single ventral lateral incomplete row of tubercles. L. crenagloha

Carapace without rows of tubercles. 16

Carapace with many lateral complete and incomplete ridges. L. tiirgida

Carapace without lateral complete ridges, with tumidities or swellings.17

Carapace antcrodorsal portion of frontal lobe produced as point. Telson

margins serrate. Telson longer than uropod peduncles. L. lumacaudata

Antcrodorsal portion of frontal lobe not produced as point.18

Female with inarticulate uropod endopod (male with biarticulate endopod)...

. 19

Female with biarticulate uropod endopod (male with biarticulate or

unknown). 21

Carapace with 3 or more lateral projections on each side. Telson without

lateral setae. L. tumida

Carapace with 2 lateral projections on each side.20

Posterior dorsolateral swelling of carapace 0.5 carapace length. Telson
longer than uropod peduncles; lateral margins strongly serrate, (male telson

shorter than peduncles, lateral margins smooth). L alata

Posterior dorsolateral swelling of carapace less than 0.3 carapace length.

Telson shorter than uropod peduncles; lateral margins weakly serrate.

... L caperata

Pereopod 2 with basis longer than all remaining articles together.22

Pereopod 2 basis shorter than all remaining articles together.23

Carapace with deeply concave sides. Uropod exopod shorter than endopod...

.. L. concava

Carapace with weakly concave sides. Uropod exopod subcqual to endopod

. L pseudomargarita

Telson longer than or equal to uropod peduncles (male with exopods on

pereopods 1-3)... L. lewtnme

Telson shorter than uropod peduncles (male with exopods on pereopods 1^

where known).24

Carapace with distinct dorsal ridges bounding deep dorsal depression.

. L charadra

Carapace with no dorsal depression.25

Antenna I not extending past tips of pseudorostral lobes; article 1 expanded

. L. munda

Antenna 1 extending past tips of pseudorostral lobes; article 1 not expanded..
.26

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

15

26. Carapace with lateral depre.ssion.27

— Carapace with sides an unbroken curve. L. margarila

27. Telson less then half length of uropod peduncles. Pereopod 2 basis 3 or more

times width of ischium. L- inepta

— Telson more than half length of uropod peduncles. Pereopod 2 basis twice

width of ischium. L. vicaria

Litogynodiastylis alata sp. nov.

Figures 31-35

Material examined. Holotype. Australia, Tas., Maria 1.

5 km NE of Mistaken Cape (42“37.00'S, 148°12.50'E),
100 ni, fine muddy bryozoa, WIIOl cpibenthic sled,
R.S. Wilson, RV Challenger, 23 Apr 1985 (stn TAS
31), NMV J48097 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Tas. 15 km E of Maria 1.,
(42°37'S, 148°20'E). 102 m, WHOl epibenthic sled,
R.S. Wilson, RV Soela, 9 Get 1984 (stn S05/84 01),
NMV J48275 (1 adult mate dissected); NMV J48276 (1
subadult female dissected); NMV J48095 (4 subadult
females, 1 subadult male), Vic., Central Bass Strait, 38
km SW of Cape Paterson, (38°55.5'S, 145°17.0'E), 70
m. fine sand, R.S. Wilson, R.V. Tangaroa, 12 Nov
1981 (stn BSS 155), NMV J48096 (2).

Diagnosis. Female and suhaduit male. Carapace
with distinct posterior dorsolateral prominences,
and a distinct ventrolateral swelling. Pseudo¬
rostrum with one pair ill-defined dorsal carinae.
Eyelobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod 2 dactylus
covered in fine hairlike setae. Telson longer than
uropod peduncles, lateral margins serrate, bearing
1 pair stout lateral setae and 1 pair stout terminal
setae. Uropod endopod triarticulate, longer than
exopod. Terminal setae of uropod rami unknown,
broken. Adult male. Carapace as in female, except
pseudorostrum without dorsal carinae. Eyelobe
with lenses. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike
.setae. Exopods present on maxilliped 3-pcreopod
2. Telson shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral
margins with few to no teeth, not obviously ser¬
rate, setae as in females. Uropod endopod biartic-
ulate, longer than exopod. Uropod endopod ter¬
minal seta unknown, broken; exopod tenninal
seta simple.

Etymology. From Latin, alalus meaning winged,
in reference to the large dorsal wings on the
carapace.

Distribution. Eastern Tas., Ba.ss Strait; 70-102 m.

Remarks. This species is superficially similar to
Litogynodiastylis caperata, particularly in the
carapace morphology but the posterior dorsolat¬
eral swellings arc approximately half the carapace
length in L. alata, while the posterior dorsolateral
swellings in L. caperata are less than one third the
carapace length. Also, in L. alata the telson in

the female is distinctly longer than the uropod
peduncles, while in L. caperata the telson in the
female is distinctly shorter than the uropod
peduncles.

Litogynodiastylis ambigua (Hale) comb. nov.
Figures 36-37

Gynodiastylis ambigua Hale, 1946: 387-392, figs
21-23.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia.NSW,
Jibbon Station, 70 m. SAM C2674 (type A, ovigerous
female).

Paratypes. Australia. NSW, Jibbon Station, 70 m,
SAM C2673 (type A, female); C2676 (type B, oviger¬
ous female); C2677 (type B, ovigerous female); C2693,
C2694 (type C, adult male and ovigerous female).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, Vic.,
NSW. 34-40'=S, 143-151°E: 137 females. 27 males.
NMV J45325; J48326; J48327; J48328; J48329;
J483.30; J48331; J48332; J48333; J48334; J48335;
J48336; J48337; J48338; J48339; AM P60979; P55750;
P60980; P56()97; P60981; P56107; P56102; P55808;
P60986; P56223; P6()991; P6100I; P6I002; P61004;
P61013: P61015; P61023; P55784.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace
smooth, unomamented. Pseudorostrum ventrally
directed. Eyelobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod 2 basis
expanded. Telson subequal to uropod peduncles,
lateral margins serrate, bearing 1 pair stout lateral
setae and 1 pair stout tenninal setae. Uropod
endopod triarticulate, much longer than exopod.
Terminal setae of uropod rami simple. Adult
male. As in female, except exopods present on
maxilliped 3-pereopod 2. TeLson longer than uro¬
pod peduncles. Uropod endopod biarticulate,
much longer than exopod.

Distribution. South-eastern Australia; 1-400 m.

Remarks. Hale (1946) observed three different
forms, varying in size, robustness, and carapace
dimensions, hence the appellation ambigua. The
three fonns were described as variants of a single
species (Hale, 1946, types A-C) because the
appendages of the females in all three fomis are
very similar. The size and robustness of the
various forms could be attributed to environ¬
mental variations, therefore the three variants are
considered a single species.

16

SARAH GERKEN

Litoi^'nodiastylis attcnuata (Hale) comb. nov.
Figure 38

Gvnodiastvlis attenuata Hale, 1946: 392-394, figs
24-25.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. QW. Moreton
Bay. Myora Bight. SAM C2680 (adult male).

Paratype. Qld, Moreton Bay. Myora Bight, SAM
C2678 (female).

Other material. Australia. WA, Northwest Shelf,
between Port Hedland and Dampicr (I9°5'S.
117°26'E). 120 m, muddy sand, WHOI epibenthic sled,
G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, RV Soela, 12 Jun
1983 (stn NVVA 52), NMV J48249 (1 adult male).
WA, King George Sound, N of False I. (35°0.7'S,
118“l().rE), 28 m, shelly sand on flat bottom, SCUBA,
G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, 15 Apr 1984 (stn
SWA 53), NMV J48340(l).

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Unknown.
Adult male. Carapace smooth, without oniamcn-
tation. Pseudorostnim ventrally directed, broadly
truncate. Eyelobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod 2 basis
expanded. Exopods present on maxillipcd 3-
pereopod 3. Telson longer than uropod pedun¬
cles, lateral margins smooth, without lateral or
terminal setae. Uropod endopod biarticulatc,
much longer than exopod. Uropod endopod ter¬
minal seta with long subtcmiinal sctule; exopod
tenninal seta with long subtcrminal setulc.

Distribution. Qld, WA; 0-120 m.

Remarks. This species is most similar to Litogvn-
odiastylis ambigua and L. laevis. The telson of
L. ambigua is ornamented and bears setae, unlike
the tel.son of L. attenuata. In L. laevis. the uropod
endopod is uniarticulatc. while in L attenuata the
uropod endopod is biarticulatc.

Litogynodiastylis brevipes (Hale) comb. nov.
Figure 39

GynodiastvHs brevipes Hale. 1946: 414-416 ties
41 ^ 2 .

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. NSW, 4 mi.
off Eden, 70 m. SAM C2656 (female).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Bass Strait, 37^0°S,
145-I49°E: 24 females. 13 males. NMV J45276;
J39246; J45274; J45297; J39682: J39653; J39654-
J39666; J45266; J23388; J23387.

Diagnosis. Female and .sitbaditll male. Carapace
with ill-defined, incomplete ridges that border a
shallow anterolateral depression. P.seudorostrum
with 2 pairs of distinct ridges. Eyelobe with 1 pair
of di.stinct ridges, 3 lenses, and pair of teeth. Perc-
opod 2 basis not expanded, without fine hairlike
setae on any article. Telson shorter than uropod

peduncles, lateral margins falcate, bearing I pair
stout terminal setae. Uropod endopod biarticulatc,
longer than exopod. Terminal setae of uropod
rami simple. Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 40-200 m.

Remarks. The carapace of Litogynodiastylis bre¬
vipes is most similar to the carapace of Gynodi-
astydis subtilis. However, the unmoditled pcrco-
pod I of L. brevipes is very different from the
brush-bearing pereopod I of G. subtilis.

Litogynodiastylis caperata sp. nov.

Figures 40-41

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. SA, Venus
Bay, off Venus Bay township (33° 13.80'S,
134°40.10'E), 3 m, sand Oats opposite jetty, hand
dredge. G.C.B. Poore, 23 Apr 1985 (stn SA 86), NMV
J48003 (subadult female).

Paratypes. Australia. SA, Venus Bay, olT Venus Bay
township (33°I3.80'S, I.34°40.I0'E), 3 m, sand Hats
opposite jetty, hand dredge, G.C.B. Poore, 23 Apr 1985
(stn SA 86), NMV 348005 (1 subadult female); Vie.,
Western Port, off Crib Point (38°20.15'S, 145°15'E), 3
m, fine sand mud, Smith-Mcintyre grab, A.J. Gilmour
(MSG), FV Melita. 5 Apr 1965 (stn CPBS-E 10), NMV
348004(1).

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace
with posterior dorsolateral swelling, one third or
less than the entire carapace length, with distinct
ventrolateral ridge. Pscudorostrum horizontal,
without carinac. Eyelobe without apparent lenses.
Pereopod 2 unmodified. Telson shorter than uro¬
pod peduncles, lateral margins weakly serrate,
bearing 1 pair stout lateral setae and 1 pair stout
tenninal setae. Uropod endopod triailiculatc,
longer than exopod. Terminal setae with single
subtenninal setulc. Adult male. Unknown.

Etymology. From Latin, caperata meaning folds,
referring to the several large folds in the carapace.

Distribution. Vic., SA; 3 m.

Remarks. Carapace morphology of Litogymodi-
astyli.s alata is similar. However, in L. caperata
the posterior dorsolateral swelling is much shorter
relative to the carapace length.

Litogynodiastylis charadra sp. nov.

Figures 42-45

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., western
Bass Strait. 36 km SSW of Stokes Point, King 1.
(40°26.7 S, I43°4I.4'E), 85 m, medium sand, Smith-
Mclntyrc grab. R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 22 Nov
1981 (stn BSS 198 G), NMV 347999 (ovigerous
female).

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

17

Paratypcs. Australia. Vic., eastern Bass Strait. 15.2
km E of eastern edge of Lake Tyers (37°51.99'S,
148°14.98'E), 40 m. sand-shell. Smith-Mcintyre grab.
Marine Science Laboratories. RV Sartla. 25 Sep
1990 (stn MSL-EG 31). NMV .123417 (1 adult male);
eastern Bass Strait. 8.6 km WSW of Cape Conran
(37°51.I9'S. 148°38.53'E). 51 m, mud-shell, Smith-
Mclntyre grab. Marine Science Laboratories, RV
Sarda, 28 Sep 1990 (stn MSL-EG 56), NMV J23420
(1 adult male).

Diagnosis. Female and suhadull male. Carapace
posterior half produced as dorsally directed
hump, with pair of distinct dorsal ridges bounding
a very deep dorsal depression. Pseudorostrum
horizontal, without carinae. Eyelobc with distinct
lenses. Pereopod 2 unmodified. Telson shorter
than uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth,
bearing 1 pair stout tenninal setae. Uropod endo-
pod biarticulate, much longer than exopod. Ter¬
minal setae of uropod rami with single long sub¬
terminal setule. Adult male. Carapaee as in
female. Pereopod 2 basis weakly expanded.
Exopods present on maxilliped 3-pereopod 4.
Telson shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral
margins weakly serrate, bearing 1 pair stout lat¬
eral setae, 1 pair stout terminal setae. Uropod
endopod biarticulate, slightly longer than exopod.
Terminal setae of uropod rami with single long
subtcrminal setule.

Etymology. From Greek, charadra meaning deep
gully or rift, in reference to the deep dorsal
depression in the carapace and pereonites.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 40-85 m.

Remarks. This species is very similar to Litogyn-
odiastylis lewtonae. However, the males are dis¬
tinguishable on the basis of the number of
exopods and the telson and uropod proportions
and armature. In L. lewtonae, the male bears four
pairs of exopods, and in L. charadra the male
bears five pairs of exopods. The female of L. lew¬
tonae is not known. However, it is expected to be
distinguishable on the basis of the telson and uro¬
pod armature, and possibly size. The males of L.
eharadra are 1.5 times the size of males of Z,. lew¬
tonae, although the single female specimen is
approximately the same size as male L lewtonae.
In other species (e.g. Dicoides Jletti) there are
notable differences in size, both within the same
life stage, such as ovigerous females, and between
the sexes, therefore the sexually dimorphic size
difference observed in L. charadra does not pre¬
clude the specimens belonging to the same
species.

Litogynodiaslylis eoncava (Hale) comb. nov.
Figure 46

GvnodiastvUs concava Hale, 1946: 417-418, figs
43-44.

Material e.xamined. Holotype. Australia. NSW, 4 mi.
off Eden, 70 m. SAM C2720 (ovigerous female).

Paratypcs. NSW. 4 mi. off Eden, 70 m, SAM C2721,
C2722 (females).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Bass Strait, NSW,
34-40°S, 144-151°E: 15 females, 1 male. NMV
J39244; J48229; J48230; J48231; J48232; J48233;
J48234.

Diagnosis. Female and .siibadidt male. Carapace
deeply concave laterally. Pseudorostrum with¬
out carinae. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod 2
basis serrate, with few strong teeth distally.
Telson shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral
margins smooth, bearing 1 pair stout lateral
setae and 1 pair stout terminal setae. Uropod
endopod biarticulate, longer than exopod. Ter¬
minal setae of uropod rami simple. Adult male.
Unknow'n.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 37-363 m.

Remarks. The concave sides of the carapace in
this species are distinctive.

Litogynodiastylis erenagloha sp. nov.
Figures 47-48

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., E of
Rocky Cape lighthouse, below Rocky Cape cave
(40°5rS, l45°3rE), 1 m, Amphiholus anlarclicus,
hand. G.C.B. Poore and 11.M. Lew Ton. 15 Mar 1988
(stn TAS 53), NMV J48279 (subadult female).

Diagno.si.'i. Female and subadult male. Carapace
globular, dorsolateral row of tubercles or strong
teeth on posterior two thirds, ventrolateral row of
.strong tubercles, frontal lobe with distinct pair of
dorsal carinae. Pseudorostrum horizontal, with¬
out carinae. Eyelobc without lenses. Pereopod 2
basis expanded. Telson shorter than uropod
peduncles, lateral margins smooth, bearing
.several pairs slender lateral setae and 1 pair
tiny tenninal nubs. Uropod endopod biarticul¬
ate. shorter than exopod. Tenninal setae of
uropod rami complex, distal one third micro-
serrate, with a single long subtcnninal setule.
Adult male. Unknown.

Etymology. From Latin, crena meaning rounded
projections, and globus meaning ball, referring
to the globular shape of the carapace and the
patterns of rounded teeth apparent on the
carapace.

18

SARAH GERKEN

Distribution. Bass Strait; 0-1 m.

Remarks. Despite a strong similarity to Litogyn-
odiastylis gongyla, this species can be distin¬
guished by the following characters: carapace
smooth with a few rows of teeth, whereas in
L. gong\>la the carapace is covered with groups
of small hairs; telson, uropod peduncles,
and pleonite 6 all subequal, whereas in L. gon-
gyla the telson is much shorter than the uropod
peduncles; uropod terminal setae complex,
whereas in L. gongyla the uropod terminal setae
are simple.

Litogynodiastylis echinata (Hale) comb. nov.
Figure 49

Gynodiastylis echinata Hale, 1946: 394-396, figs
26-27.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. NSW, off
Eden, 70 m, SAM C2652 (female).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Bass Strait, NSW,
34-42°S, 145-I51°E: 7 females, I subadult male.
NMV J4843I: J48432; J48433: J48434; J48435.

Diaguo.ds. Female and suhadult male. Carapace,
pleon, pereon, and appendages all bear many
stout spines. Pseudorostrum with many spines,
not organised into rows. Eyelobe without lenses,
with pair of teeth. Pereopod 2 iinmoditled, except
for multiple spines present on all articles. Telson
longer than uropod peduncles, lateral margins
strongly serrate, bearing I pair small tenninal
setae. Uropod endopod triarticulate, shorter than
exopod. Terminal setae of uropod rami simple.
Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 67-102 m.

Remarks. This species is unique in possessing
multiple strong spines on the entire body and all
appendages.

Litogynodiastylis gongyda sp. nov.

Figures 50-52

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., central
Bass Strait, 25 km S of Aireys Inlet, (38°44.6'S,
144°09.0'E), 77 m, fine sand, WHOI epibenthic sled'
R.S. Wilson. RV Tangaroa. 19 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 182
S), NMV J45465 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., central Bass Strait, 60 km
SW of Cape Schanck. (39°00.2'S, 144°33.9'E). 74 m.
sandy shell. WHOI epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson RV
Tangaroa. 23 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 202 S), NMV J4'5466
(1 ovigerous female); Tas., eastern Bass Strait, 94 km
NE^ of North Point, Flinders I., (38°53.7'S,
147°55.2'E), 71 m, medium sand, WHOI epibenthic

sled. R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 15 Nov 1981 (stn BSS
171 S), NMV J45467 (1 ovigerous female); NMV
J29208 (I adult male); NMV J29215 ( I adult male).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Tas., Bass Strait.
NSW, 34-42“S, 143-151 °E: 9 females, 7 adult males.
NMV J48250; J48254; J48037; J48038; J45278;
J48039; J48253: J39262; J29207; J48255; J48258; AM
P55809; P558I2.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace
globular, with two pairs thick dorsal ridges,
medial pair extending onto frontal lobe, lateral
pair produced as teeth or tubercles anteriorly,
extending onto pseudorostral lobes, single ridge
sweeping from anterolateral comer dorsal ly and
joining proximal dor.sal ridge; covered in small
clusters of fine hair like setae. P.scud()rostrum
blunt, without carinac. Eyelobe without lenses.
Pereopod 2 basis expanded. Telson shorter than
uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth, with¬
out setae. Uropod endopod biarticulate, slightly
shorter than exopod. Tenninal setae of uropod
rami simple. Adult male. Carapace with .same pat¬
tern of ridges as female, but expanded ventrally,
without clusters of fine hairlike setae. Pseudo¬
rostrum ventrally directed. Exopods present on
maxillipcd 3-pereopod 2. Terminal setae of uro¬
pod rami complex, distal third microserrate, with
single plumose terminal setule.

Etymology. From Greek, gong\’la meaning ball or
sphere, in reference to the very globular carapace.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 1-84 m.

Remarks. The pattern of ridges on the carapace is
similar to the pattern of ridges on the carapace of
Litogymodia.stylis quadricristata. However, in L.
quadricristata the paired dorsal ridges are con¬
nected by short transverse ridges at about the mid¬
point, while in L. gongyla the dorsal ridges are not
connected. Also, the clusters of tiny hairlike .setae
present on the carapace, pleon, and pereon of
L. gongyla arc not present on L. quadricristata.

Litogynodiastylis inepta (Hale) comb. nov.
Figure 53

Gynodiastylis inepta Hale, 1951: 364 -367, figs 7-8.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. WA, Garden
I., Careening Bay, 3 fm, SAM C3262 (adult male).

Other material. Australia. Vic., eastern Bass Strait,
13.3 km E of eastern edge of Lake Tyers (37“51.70'S,
148°I4.60 E), 37 m, coarse sand, Smith-Mcintyre grab.
N. Coleman. RV Sarda. Feb 1991 (stn MSL-EG 94),
NMVJ48245 (1 adult male).

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Unknown.
Adult male. Carapace with distinct lateral

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

19

depression, with ventral swelling. Pseudorostrum
without earinac. Eyelobe with 3 large lenses.
Pereopod 2 basis moderately expanded. Exopods
present on maxillipcd 3-pereopod 4. Telson
shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral margins
smooth, bearing 1 pair slender lateral setae, 1
pair stout tenninal setae. Uropod endopod biartic-
ulate, shorter than exopod. Terminal setae of
uropod rami with single short subterminal
setule.

Distribution. Bass Strait, southern WA; 0-37 m.

Remarks. This species is similar to Litog\modi-
astylis timiida, but can be differentiated by the
uropod rami and peduncles. In L tumida, the uro¬
pod exopod is shorter than the endopod, while in
L. inepta the uropod exopod is longer than the
endopod. Also, in L. inepta the uropod peduncles
are more than twice the length of pleonitc 6, while
in L. tumida the uropod peduncles are much less
than twice the length of pleonitc 6.

LitogymodiastyUs laevis (Caiman) comb. nov.
Figure 54

Gynodiastyii'! laevis Caiman, 1911: 371-372, pi. 35
figs 32-39.—Stebbing, 1912: 147.—Stebbing, 1913:
161-162, fig. 111.—Gamo, 1961: 106-108.—Jones,
1963: 73-75, figs 335-342.

Material examined. Cotype. New Zealand, Lyttelton
Harbour, 1 -5 fm, ZMC.

Other material. Australia. Tas., off Freycinet Penin¬
sula (41°57.50’S, 148“37.90'E), 400 m, coarse shell,
WHOl epibcnthic sled, M.F. Gomon et al., RV
Franklin. 27 Jul 1986 (stn SLOPE 48), NMV J48244 (1
subadult male).

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace
smooth, without ornamentation. Pseudorostrum
broadly truncate. Eyelobe without obvious lenses.
Pereopod 2 unmodified. Telson longer than uro¬
pod peduncles, lateral margins smooth, bearing 1
pair stout terminal setae. Exopods present on
maxilliped 3-pereopod 2. Uropod endopod uniar-
ticulate, longer than exopod. Terminal setae of
uropod rami complex, distal half microserrate.
Adult male. As in the female, except telson with¬
out terminal setae.

Distribution. Tas., New Zealand; 0-400 m.

Remarks. The species is similar to Litogymo-
diastylis ambigua in overall form. However,
the uniarticulate uropod endopod distinguishes
L laevis from L. ambigua with certainty.

Litogy’nodiastylis lewtonae sp. nov.

Figures 55-57

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., eastern
Bass Strait, 15.5 km SW of Pt Ricardo (37°53.14'S,
148°28.94'E), 45 m, medium sand, Smith-Mcintyre
grab, N. Coleman, RV Sarda, Feb 1991 (stn MSL-EG
108), NMV J27803 (adult male).

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., eastern Bass Strait, 13.3
km E of eastern edge of Lake Tyers (37°51.70'S,
148° 14.60'E), 37 m, coarse sand. Smith-McIntyre grab,
N. Coleman, RV Sarda, Feb 1991 (stn MSL-EG 94),
NMV J27800 (6 adult males); J48284 (1 adult male dis¬
sected); eastern Bass Strait, 13.3 km E of eastern edge
of Lake Tyers (37°5L70'S, 148° 14.60'E), 37 m, coarse
sand, Smith-Mcintyre grab. N. Coleman, RV Sarda.
Feb 1991 (stn MSL-EG 96). NMV J27802 (5 adult
males).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Bass Strait, 37°S,
148°E: 7 adult males, 4 subadult males. NMV J23416;
J23418; J27799; J39689; J27797; J27798; J57801;
J23419; J48285.

Diagnosis. Females. Unknown. Adult male. Cara¬
pace with distinct dorsally directed swelling on
posterior portion of dorsum. Pseudorostrum ven-
trally directed. Eyelobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod 2
basis somewhat expanded, otherwise unmodified.
Exopods present on mtixilliped 3-pereopod 3.
Telson subequal to uropod peduncles, lateral
margins smooth, bearing 1 pair stout lateral setae
and 1 pair stout terminal setae. Uropod endopod
biarticulate, slightly longer than exopod. 'fer-
minal setae of uropod rami with single moderate
subterminal sctulc.

Etymology. This species is named after Helen
Lew Ton, as she identified the species as new and
sorted them from among the Museum Victoria
gynodiastylid material.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 36-50 m.

Remarks. This species is smaller than Litogynodi-
astylis charadra, the telson is subequal to the uro¬
pod peduncles rather than shorter than the uropod
peduncles as in L. charadra. and L lewtonae has
4 pairs of exopods in the male, rather than 5 pairs
as in L. charadra.

Litogynodiastylis luinacauduta sp. nov.
Figures 58-59

Material e.xamined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., eastern
Bass Strait, 40 km SSW of Lakes Entrance, (38°18.0'S,
147°37.0'E), 55 m, muddy fine shell, M.F. Gomon and
R.S. Wilson, FV Silver Gull. 31 Jul 1983 (stn BSS 209),
NMV J48093 (ovigerous female).

20

SARAH GERKEN

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., central Bass Strait, 38 km
SW of Cape Paterson. (38°55.5 S, 145“17.0'E), 70 m,
fine sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 12 Nov 1981 (stn
BSS 155), NMV J48085 (2 subadult females, 3 adult
males); Tas., eastern Bass Strait. 24 km NNE of Eddy-
stone Point (40'^43.9'S, 148°32.5'E), 56 m, muddy
sand, R.S. Wilson. RV Tangaroa, 14 Nov 1981 (stn
BSS 163), NMV J48087 (2 ovigerous females, 8
subadult females, 6 adult males, 3 subadult males);
eastern Bass Strait, 40 km SSW of Lakes Entrance
(38°18,0'S, 147°37.0'E), 55 m, M.F. Gomon and R.S.
Wilson, FV Silver Gull, 31 Jul 1983 (stn BSS 209),
NMV J48092 (1 ovigerous female).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Bass Strait, 38-40°S,
142-148°E; 8 females, 10 undetermined. NMV J48082;
J48083; J48084; J48086; J48088; J48089; 348090;
J48091; J48277; J48278.

DiagnosLi. Female and subaduh male. Carapace
with a single sharp ridge sweeping dorsally from
the anterolateral portion of the carapace, with a
distinct anterolateral prominence dorsal of the
sweeping ridge produced as a sharp comer.
Pseudorostrum sharp. Eyelobe without lenses.
Pereopod 2 unmodified. Telson longer than uro-
pod peduncles, lateral margins weakly serrate,
bearing 1 pair stout lateral setae and 1 pair stout
terminal setae. Uropod endopod triarticulate,
subequal to exopod. Temiinal setae of uropod
rami with a single subtemiinal setule. Adult male.
Unknown.

Etymology. From Latin, luma meaning thorny,
and caudata referring to the telson.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 33-70 m.

Remarks. The combination of carapace morphol¬
ogy and a serrate telson, longer than the uropod
peduncles, serve to distinguish this species from
all other species of Litog\modiastylis.

LitogynodiastyUs margarila (Hale) comb. nov.
Figure 60

Gvnodiasn’Iis margarita Hale, 1946: 409-412, figs
37-38.

Material examined. Holotypc. Au.stralia. NSW, 4 mi.
off Port Hacking. 80 m, SAM C2689 (female).

Paratypes. NSW. 4 mi. off Port Hacking, 80 m, SAM
C2690 (male). C255I (female), C2723 (female).

Otlier material. Au.stralia. Tas., central Bass Strait, 25
km SW of Cape Frankland, Flinders I. (40°09.4'S,
I47°32.6'E). 51 m, shelly sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tan¬
garoa, 14 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 162), NMV J48241 (12
females, I male).

Diagno.sis. hemale and subadult male. Carapace
with gentle swellings, especially posterodorsally.
Pseudorostrum shaip. Eyelobe with 4 lenses.
Pereopod 2 unmodified. Telson less than half

uropod peduncle length, lateral margins smooth,
bearing 1 pair slender lateral setae and 1 pair stout
terminal setae. Uropod endopod biarticulate,
longer than exopod. Tenninal setae of uropod
rami short, simple. Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 0-51 m.

Remarks. The species is large, attaining lengths of
over 6 mm (Hale, 1946). The carapace is similar
to the carapace of Litogymodiastylis tumida. How¬
ever, L. tumida is much smaller (3.0 mm or less)
with distinct prominences in the carapace folds,
rather than gentle tumidities that are not distinct
enough to be named folds.

Litogy nodiastyUs microornata sp. nov.
Figures 61-65

Material examined. Holotypc. Australia. Vic., eastern
Bass Strait. 1.3 km WSW of Cape Conran (37'’49.37'S.
148°43.02'E), 33 m, sand-shell, Smith-Mclntyrc grab.
Marine Science Laboratories, RV Sarda, 28 Sep 1990
(stn MSL-EG 52), NMV J4826I (subadult female).

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., eastern Ba.ss Strait, 1.3 km
WSW of Cape Conran (37“49.37'S, 148°43.02'E), 33
m, sand-shell, Smith-Mcintyre grab. Marine Science
Laboratories, RV Sarda, 28 Sep 1990 (stn MSL-EG
52), NMV J48259 (1 adult male dissected); J48260 (1
ovigerous female dissected); J48257 (I ovigerous
female).

Diagnosis. Female and .subaduh male. Carapace
with pair of ridges running antcroventrally from
the midpoint of the carapace onto the pscudoros-
tral lobes, with a second incomplete ridge paral¬
leling the postcroventral comer of the carapace.
P.scudorostmm sharp. Eyelobe with 2 lenses.
Pereopod 2 basis expanded. Telson slightly
shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral margins
smooth, bearing 1 pair small slender lateral .setae
and 1 pair stout terminal setae. Uropod endopod
biarticulate, longer than exopod. Temiinal setae
of uropod rami with a single subtcrminal setule.
Adult male. Carapace as in female, with the
addition of a ventrolateral ssvelling obscuring
the incomplete postcroventral ridge. Exopods pre¬
sent on maxilliped 3-pcrcopod 2. Telson shorter
than uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth,
bearing 1 pair tiny terminal setae.

Etymology. The species is named microornata in
reference to Hale’s (1946) .species L. ornata,
which has a similar carapace morphology but is
significantly larger.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 0-33 m.

Remarks. This species is similar to Litogynodi-
astylis ornata, but is much smaller and the male

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

21

has exopods on maxilliped 3 through pereopod 2
only, unlike L. onuita in which the male bears
exopods on maxilliped 3 through pereopod 4.

Litogynodiastylis munda (Hale) comb. nov.

Figure 66

Gynodiastylis munda Hale, 1951: 359-362, figs 3-4.

Material examined. Holotypc. Australia. WA, Roltnest
I., 2.25 fm. SAM C3249 (female).

Diagnosis. Female and snhadidt male. Carapace
with pair of ridges dorsolaterally, running from
the frontal lobe to the posterior margin, with a few
incomplete lateral ridges posteriorly. Pseudo-
rostrum blunt. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod
2 basis slightly expanded, otherwise unmodified.
Tclson shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral
margins smooth, bearing I pair small slender lat¬
eral .setae and 1 pair stout terminal setae. Uropod
endopod biarticulate, subequal to exopod. Ter¬
minal setae of uropod rami simple. Adult male.
Unknown.

Distribution. Southern WA; 0-10 m.

Remarks. This species is similar to Litogynodi-
a.stylis concava but the sides of the carapace are
flat rather than concave, and the pscudorostrum is
blunt rather than sharp, as it is in L. concava.

Litogymodiastylis muUthdis (Hale) comb. nov.

Figures 67-68

GvnodiastvUs mutahiiis Hale, 1946: 399-404, figs
30-32.

Material examined. Holotypc. Australia. NSW,
UlladuIIa, Brush I., 45 fm, SAM C2692 (ovigerous
female).

Paratypes. Australia. NSW, UlladuIIa, Brush 1., 45
fm, SAM C2714 (adult male), C2685 (juvenile female).

Diagnosis. Female and suhaduli male. Carapace
with ridge sweeping dorsally from the anterolat¬
eral comer, with several ridges anterior of the
sweeping ridge; the anterior portion of the cara¬
pace is vcntrally directed. Pscudorostrum blunt,
with pair of dorsal carinac. Eyelobe with 2 lenses
and pair of dorsal carinae. Pereopod 2 basis mod¬
erately expanded. Telson longer than uropod
peduncles, lateral margins falcate and serrate,
bearing I pair stout subtcmiinal setae (tcmiinal
margin of tclson produced as sharp process
between subtcmiinal setae). Uropod endopod
uniarticulate, longer than exopod. Temiinal setae
of uropod rami simple. Adult male. Carapace with
same pattern of ridges as female, somewhat dor¬
solaterally flattened. Pereopod 2 basis expanded.

Exopods prc.sent on maxilliped 3-pereopod 4.
Telson longer than uropod peduncles, lateral mar¬
gins falcate, bearing I pair stout subtcmiinal
setae.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 51-200 m.

Remarks. The combination of deeply inclined
frontal lobes with several toothed ridges and a
ridge sweeping dorsally from the anteroventral
comer of the carapace and uniarticulate uropod
endopods is unique within Litogynodiastylis.

Litogynodiastylis ornata (Hale) comb. nov.
Figure 69

Gynodiastylis ornata Hale, 1946: 404-407 fies
33-34. ’ ^

Material e.xamined. Holotypc. Australia. Tas., off Babel
1., 0-50 m, SAM C2688 (ovigerous female).

Paratype. Australia. Tas., off Babel 1., 0-50 m, SAM
C2337 (adult male).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Tas., Bass Strait
NSW, 34-42“S, I42-I50'’E: 87 females, 23 males.
NMV J48158; .148159; J48160; J48I6I; J48I62;
J48163; J48164; J48I65; J48166; J48I67; J48I68;
J48169; J48I70; J48171; J48172: J45265; J45277;
J48201; J48I73; J48174; J48I75; J49176; J48177;
J48I78; .148179; J48I80; J48181; J39670; J45827;
J48182;J48I83; J48184; AM P5574I; P56216.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace
with a ridge sweeping dorsally from the
anteroventral comer, second ridge miming dor¬
sally from the midpoint of the antennal notch to
join the sweeping ridge posterior to the border of
the frontal lobe, both ridges irregularly crenel¬
lated, depression between ridges; carapace poste¬
rior to sweeping ridge covered with irregular
blunt ridges or large reticulations. Pseudorostmm
sharp, without carinae. Eyelobe with 3 lenses,
without carinac. Pereopod 2 basis expanded. Tel¬
son shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral mar¬
gins smooth, bearing 1 pair tiny tcmiinal setae.
Uropod endopod biarticulate, slightly longer than
exopod. Temiinal setae of uropod rami with a sin¬
gle tcnninal setule. Adult male. Carapace as in
female, with the addition of ventrolateral
swelling; ridges sharp rather than irregularly
crenellated. Exopods present on maxilliped 3-
percopod 4.

Distribution. Tas., Bass Strait; 0-130 m.

Remarks. The pattern of ridges in combination
with the pattern of large reticulations or irregular
ridges on the carapace is unique, although it may
be difficult to discern on decalcified or newly
molted individuals.

22

SARAH GERKEN

Litogynodiastylis poorei sp. nov.

Figures 70-73

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., eastern
Bass Strait, 19 km E of Lake Tycrs Entrance,
(37°50.5’S, I48°16.0'E), 26 m, coarse sand, WHOI
epibenlhic sled, M.F. Gomon and R.S. Wilson. FV Sil¬
ver Gull. 30 Jul 1983 (stn BSS 206 S), NMV J48152
(ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., eastern Bass Strait, 11.7
km W of Pt Ricardo (37“49.90'S, I48‘’30.01 E), 29 m,
sand-shell, Smith-Mclntyre grab. Marine Science Lab¬
oratories, RV Sarda, 28 Sep 1990 (stn MSL-EG 123),
NMV J27402 (3 ovigerous females, 18 subadult
females, 7 adult males, 2 subadult males): eastern Bass
Strait. 11.7 km W of Pt Ricardo (37°49.90'S.
148®30.0rE). 29 m, sand-shell. Smith-Mclntyre grab.
Marine Science Laboratories, RV Sarda, 28 Sep 1990
(stn MSL-EG 120), NMV J27399 (1 ovigerous female,
2 subadult females, 3 adult males, 2 subadult males);
eastern Bass Strait. 19 km E of Lake Tyers Entrance
(37°50.5 S. 148°16.0'E), 26-26 m, coarse sand, WHOI
epibenthic sled, M.F. Gomon and R.S. Wilson, FV Sil¬
ver Gull. 30 Jul 1983 (stn BSS 206 S), NMV J48I53 (1
ovigerous female dissected).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Bass Strait, 37-39°S,
143-148°E: 42 females, 14 males (1 dissected), 3
manca 1. NMV numerous registrations.

Diagnosis. Female and suhadult male. Carapace
covered with strong tubercles, with pair of poste¬
rior dorsal ridges continuing anteriorly onto the
pseudorostral lobes as tuberculate ridges, ventral
ridge sweeping anterodorsally and joining tuber-
culate ridge, frontal lobe with pair of carinae con¬
tinuing onto the eyelobe. Note, in some individ¬
uals the lateral ridges on the carapace were more
tuberculate than others, but the shape of the ridge,
whether as a continuous ridge or closely spaced
tubercles, was consistent. Pseudorostrum sharp,
with pair of dorsal tuberculate carinae. Eyelobe
with 2 lenses. Pereopod 2 basis moderately
expanded. Tclson shorter than uropod peduncles,
lateral margins smooth, without temiinal setae.
Uropod endopod biarticulatc, subequal to exopod.
Uropod endopod terminal seta with a single sub-
temiinal setule; terminal seta complex, with a
plumose terminal setule. .4diilt male. Carapace as
in female, with the addition of a ventrolateral
swelling. Pseudorostrum sharp, with pair of
dorsal carinae. Eyelobe with 2 lenses, with pair of
dorsal carinae. Pereopod 2 basis expanded.
Exopods present on maxilliped 3-pereopod 2.
Uropod endopod biarticulate, longer than exopod.

Etymology. This species is named in honour of
Gary C. B. Poore, Senior Curator (Crustacea)
at Museum Victoria, whose kindness made
available its vast gynodiastylid collections.

Disthhution. Bass Strait; 21 -85 m.

Remarks. This species can be distinguished from
the similar species Litog^modiastylis roscicia and
L. gongy'la by the combination of tubercles and
ridges, as L. roscida possesses tubercles only, and
L. gongyla possesses ridges and clumps of tiny
setae, but few or no tubercles.

Litogynodiastylis pseudomargarita sp. nov.
Figures 74-75

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., eastern
Bass Strait, 42 km SW of Babel 1. (40°I4.4’S,
I48°40.0 E). 60 m, fine .sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tan-
garoa, 14 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 165), NMV J48289
(subadult female).

Diagnosis. Female and suhadult male. Carapace
with weak lateral sulcus and weak anterodorsal
swelling. Pseudorostntm blunt. Eyelobe w'ith 2
lenses. Pereopod 2 basis expanded. Tclson equal
in length to uropod peduncles, lateral margins ser¬
rate, bearing 1 pair stout lateral setae and 1 pair
stout terminal setae, Uropod endopod biarticulate.
equal to exopod. Terminal setae of uropod rami
with a single subterminal setule. Adult male.
Unknown.

Etymolog}’. The species is named pseudomar¬
garita, because it is very similar to L. margarita
(Hale, 1946).

Distribution. Bass Strait; 60 m.

Remarks. Litogynodiastylis p.seudomargarila can
be distinguished from L. margarita by both pere¬
opod 2 and the telson. In L. pseudomargarita, the
telson is equal to the length of the uropod pedun¬
cles, while in L. margarita the tclson is much
shorter than the uropod peduncles. In L. pseudo¬
margarita pereopod 2 basis is strongly expanded
and all the subsequent articles arc reduced, such
that the basis is longer than all the other articles
together, while in L. margarita pereopod 2 basis
is slightly expanded, but the subsequent articles
are not reduced, and the basis is clearly shorter
than the merus and carpus together.

Litogynodiastylis quadricristata (Hale) comb,
nov.

Figure 76

Gynodiastylis quadricristata Hale. 1946: 412-414,
figs 39-40.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Qld, Noosa
River, below Gympie Terrace, surface, SAM C2682
(female).

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

23

Other material. Australia. NSW, 34°S, 150°E, AM
P55809 (1 subadult female).

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace
with 2 pairs of dorsal ridges running anteriorly
from the posterior margin of the carapace con¬
nected by short transverse ridges at about the mid¬
point of the carapace, with a single pair of ridges
continuing onto the frontal lobe from the trans¬
verse ridges, and another pair of lateral ridges
continuing antcrolaterally to the comers of the
frontal lobe suture. Pscudorostrum blunt. Eyelobe
without lenses. Pereopod 2 basis expanded. Tel-
son equal in length to uropod peduncles, lateral
margins smooth, without setae. Uropod endopod
biarticulate, subequal to exopod. Terminal setae
of uropod rami simple. Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. Qld, NSW; 0-50 m.

Remarks. The species is somewhat similar to
Litogynodiastylis gong}da, but can be differenti¬
ated by the following attributes: L. gong)’la has
many clumps of tiny setae all over the carapace,
pereon and plcon, L. quadricristata docs not;

gongyla does not have transverse ridges con¬
necting the dorsal ridges, L. quadricristata has
transverse ridges connecting the dorsal ridges; the
telson of L. gongyla is distinctly shorter than the
uropod peduncles, while the telson of L. quadri¬
cristata is equal to the uropod peduncles in
length.

Litogynodiastylis roscida (Hale) comb. nov.

Figure 77

Gynodiastviis roscida Hale, 1946: 396-399, Ties
28-29.

Materiai examined. Hololype. Australia. Tas., Marion
Bay, 10-17 fm, SAM C2744 (female).

Other material. Australia. Vic., central Bass Strait, 6
km S of Cape Schanck (38“33.6S. I44°54.3'E), 55 m,
medium sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangarna, 12 Nov
1981 (stn BSS 154), NMV J48346 (1 ovigerous
female).

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace
covered with strong tubercles, with 1 pair dorsal
ridges posterior of frontal lobe, one pair of dorsal
rides present on frontal lobe, without lateral
ridges. Pseudorostrum sharp, with pair of dorsal
carinae. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod 2 basis
expanded, tuberculatc. Telson shorter than uro¬
pod peduncles, lateral margins with few serra¬
tions distally, bearing few pairs small slender lat¬
eral setae and no tcnninal setae. Uropod endopod
biarticulate, equal to exopod. Terminal .setae of
uropod simple. Adult mule. Unknown.

Distribution. Bass Strait, Tas.; 0-55 m.

Remarks. The most similar species is Litogymodi-
astylis poorei, but the species can be distin¬
guished on the basis of the carapace. In L. poorei
the carapace has conspicuous lateral ridges, and
L. roscida has no conspicuous lateral ridges.

Litogynodiastylis serrata sp. nov.

Figures 78-81

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., S of
Point Hicks (38°17.70 S, I49°l 1.30 E), 400 m, coarse
sand, gravel, mud, many sponges, WHOl epibenthic
sled, M.F. Gomon et al., RV Franklin, 24 Jul 1986 (stn
SLOPE 40), NMV J48133 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., S of Point Hicks
(38°17.70 S, HO"! 1.30 E), 400 m. coarse sand, gravel,
mud, many sponges, WHOl epibenthic sled, M.F.
Gomon ct al., RV Franklin, 24 Jul 1986 (stn SLOPE
40), NMV J48I34 (3 ovigerous females, 6 subadult
females. 2 subadult males), NMV J48263 (1 subadult
female dissected); NSW, Off Eden (37°0.60'S,
150'’20.70'E), 363 m. coarse shell, WHOl epibenthic
sled, G.C.B. Poore et al., RV Franklin, 2\ Jul 1986 (stn
^FOPE 22), NMV J48264 (1 adult male disseeted).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Bass Strait, 37-40°S,
I44-I50°E: 3 females. 1 adult male. NMV J48136'
J48274; J48135; J48262.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace
with pair of distinct dorsal spine rows, with sev¬
eral spines on the frontal lobe, with ridges run¬
ning anteriorly from the posterior comer of the
frontal lobe onto the pscudorostrum. Pseudo-
rostmm blunt, with pair of dorsal carinae. Eye¬
lobe without lenses, with pair of dorsal teeth.
Pereopod 2 basis moderately expanded. Telson
slightly .shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral
margins lalcate, bearing 1 pair stout terminal
setae. Uropod endopod biarticulate, longer than
exopod. Temiinal setae of uropod rami with a sin¬
gle subtenninal setule. Adult male. Carapace as in
female. Eyelobe with lenses. Exopods present on
maxilliped 3 pereopod 4. Temiinal setae of
uropod rami broken, unknown.

Etymology. From Latin, serrata meaning toothed
like a saw, referring to the rows of saw like teeth
dorsally and ventral ly on the carapace.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 40-^2 m.

Remarks. An additional adult male was observed,
found in the same sample as the holotype and
paratype adult male, which had the same over¬
all appearance, but without teeth on the cara¬
pace. It is probable that this male is the same
species, but reeently molted or possibly aber¬
rant. This specimen is the last listed in Other
material.

24

SARAH GERKEN

Litogynodiastylis trachyphasis sp. nov.

Figures 82-84

Material examined. Holotypc. Australia. Vic., eastern
Bass Strait, 19 km E of Lake Tyers Entranee
(37°50.5'S, I48°16.0'E), 26 m, coarse sand, WHOI
epibenthic ,sled, M.F. Gomon and R.S. Wilson. FV Sil¬
ver Gull, 30 Jul 1983 (,stn BSS 206 S), NMV J48081
(ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Tas., central Bass Strait. 25 km
SW of Cape Frankland. Flinders I. (40°09.4'S,
147°32.6'E), 51 m. shelly sand, R.S. Wilson. RV Tan-
garoa. 14 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 162). NMV J48077 (4
ovigerous females); Vic., central Bass Strait. 100 km
SSE of Cape Liptrap (39°45.9'S. !45°33.3'E), 74 m,
muddy fine sand, R.S. Wilson. RV Tangaroa, 13 Nov
1981 '(stn BSS 156), NMV J48068 (I); central Bass
Strait. 20 km NNE of Bold Head. King I. (40“00.0 S,
144°20.9'E), 48 m, coarse sand, Smitli-Mcintyre grab.
R.S. Wilson. RV Tangaroa, 22 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 200
G), NMV J48080 (I adult male dissected); easteni Bass
Strait, 19 km E of Lake Tyers Entrance (37°50.5'S,
148°16.0'E), 26 m, coarse sand, WHOI epibenthic sled,
M.F. Gomon and R.S. Wilson. FV Silver Gull. 30 .lul
1983 (stn BSS 206 S), NMV J48079 (I subadult female
dissected).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, 37-42°S,
145-I50“E; 21 females. II males. NMV J48067;
J48069; J48070; J48071; J48072; J48073; J48074;
J48075;J48076;J48078;J48298.

Diagnosis. Female and suhadult male. Carapace
with many lateral ridges, extending posteriorly
from a ridge sweeping dorsally from the
anteroventral comer; many lateral ridges and
tuberculate ridges anterior of the sweeping ridge.
Pseudorostrum blunt, with several rows of strong
tubercles. Eyclobe without lenses, with dorsal
teeth. Pereopod 2 basis moderately expanded.
Telson longer than uropod peduncles, lateral
margins smooth, without setae. Uropod endopod
uniarticulatc, shorter than e.xopod. Terminal setae
of uropod rami with a single subterminal setule.
Adult male. Carapace and pseudorostrum as in
female. Eyelobc with lenses. Exopods present on
maxillipcd 3-pereopod 4. Telson equal in length
to uropod peduncles, lateral margins falcate, bear¬
ing 1 pair long stout temiinal setae. Temiinal
setae of uropod rami simple.

Etymology. From Greek, iracliy meaning
rough and pliasis meaning appearance or
aspect, referring to the rough appearance of the
carapace.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 26-520 m.

Remarks. The plethora of lateral ridges and tuber¬
cles on the carapace make this species unique
within Litogynodiastylis.

Litogynodiastylis tumida (Hale) comb. nov.
Figures 85-86

Paradiastyli.'t tumida Hale. 1937; 66-68, figs 3-4.
Gvnodiastvlis tumida. —Hale, 1946: 419-421,

fig. 45.

Material e.xamined. Syntypes. Australia. SA, Gulf St
Vincent, Port Willunga Reef, 1 fm, SAM C2I44,
C2145, C2146, C2I47.

Other material. Hale. 1946, type A; Australia. Vic.,
Tas., Bass Strait, 37-43°S. I45-151°E 82 females, 15
males. NMV J48185; J48186; J48107; J48108; J48109;
J48I10; J45304; J45309; J48III; J48I12; .148113;
J481I4; J48II5; J48II6; J481I7; J48118; J48119;
J48120; J48121; J48122; J48123.

Hale, 1946. type B: Australia. Tas., Tasman Sea, 15
km E of Maria I., (42°37'S, 148°20'E), 102 m, WHOI
epibenthic sled, R.S. WiLson, RV Soela. 9 Oct 1984 (stn
S05/84 01), NMV J48187 (10 females).

Hale, 1946, Tasmanian form; Australia. Tas.,
40-43°S, 145-I47°E: 5 individuals. NMV J45310;
J48I25; J45306; J48I26.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace
with 2 pairs of large dorsolateral prominences,
and 2 pairs of ventrolateral prominences (the rel¬
ative sharpness and dullness of the prominences
can be widely variable). Pseudorostrum sharp,
without dorsal carinae. Eyelobe with 3 lenses.
Pereopod 2 unmodified. Telson much shorter than
uropod peduncles, lateral margins serrate, bearing
1 pair long slender lateral setae and I pair stout
terminal setae. Uropod endopod triarticulate,
longer than exopod. Terminal setae of uropod
rami with a single subterminal setule. Adult male.
Carapace as in female, with the addition of pro¬
nounced ventrolateral swelling. Exopods present
on maxilliped 3-pereopod 4. Uropod endopod
biarticulate, longer than exopod.

Distribution. Bass Strait, Tas., SA; 0^00 m.

Remarks. Hale (1946) included several different
fonns within this species. The different forms
have similar carapace ornamentation or elabora¬
tion, but the degree of the omamentation varies.
For example, the young male from Tasmania
described by Hale (1946) and attributed to this
species has much more pronounced folds and
ridges in the carapace than any of the females
described by Hale (1937, 1946).

Litogynodiastylis turgida (Hale) comb. nov.
Figures 87, 182 J-L

Gynodiastylis turgidus Hale. 1928: 42-43, figs
11-12.—Hale, 1929: 346-347, fig. 346.—Hale, 1936:
420^22, figs 10-11.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

25

Material examined. Holotypc. Australia. SA, Robe, 3
fm, SAM Cl750 (female).

Other material. Australia. NSW, 33°S, I5I°E: 41
females, 10 males. NMV J48248; J39255; J48308; AM
P22649; P22650.

Diagnosis. Female and suhadidt male. Carapace
with several irregular lateral ridges, both com¬
plete and incomplete ridges present. Pseudo¬
rostrum sharp, without dorsal carinae. Eyelobe
without lenses. Pereopod 2 basis expanded. Tel-
son much shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral
margins smooth, without setae. Uropod endopod
biarticulate, much longer than exopod. Ter¬
minal setae of uropod rami simple. Adult male.
Carapace as in female, with the addition of
pronounced ventrolateral swelling. Eyelobe
with 3 lenses. Exopods present on maxilliped 3-
pereopod 4.

Distribution. NSW, SA, Tasmania; 10-115 m.

Remarks. The plethora of lateral carapace ridges
in this species is similar to Litogvnodiastylis
trachyphasis. However, L. trachyphasis has a
dorsally sweeping, laterally transverse ridge, and
the ridges in L. trachyphasis are much stronger or
heavier than in L lurgida', in addition, L. trachy¬
phasis has uniarticulate uropodendopods while L.
turgida has biarticulate uropod endopods.

Litogynodiastylis vicaria (Hale) comb. nov.
Figure 88

Gynodiastylis vicaria Hale, 1951; 362-364, figs 5-6.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. WA, Esper-
ance Bay. SAM C3224 (adult male).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Bass Strait, 37-38°S,
145-148°E; 15 females, 4 males. NMV J39673;
J48200;J48309;J48310.

Diagnosis. Females. Unknown. Adult male. Cara¬
pace with shallow lateral depression, pronounced
ventrolateral swelling. Pseudorostrum blunt. Eye-
lobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod 2 basis slightly
expanded. Telson much shorter than uropod
peduncles, lateral margins smooth, bearing 1 pair
stout temiinal setae. Uropod endopod biarticulate,
equal to exopod. Temiinal setae of uropod rami
simple.

Distribution. Hass Strait, WA; 3-43 m.

Remarks. Hale (1951) remarked that this species
is closest to Litogynodiast)’lis ttimida, but the
resemblance is vague, at be.st. This male more
closely resembles L. concava, although the cara¬
pace morphology is rather different, being much
less concave than the carapace of L. concava.

Sheardia Hale
Sheardia Hale, 1946; 358-361.

Type specie.s. Sheardia antennata Hale, 1946.

Diagnosis. Female and .subadult male. Pseudo-
rostral lobes horizontal. Eye lobe with lenses.
First antenna, peduncle articles 1 and 2 expanded,
peduncle article 3 slender, shorter than articles 1
and 2 together. Pereopod 1 simple. Female with
fully developed exopods on pereopods I and 2, no
exopods on pereopods 3 and 4. Uropod endopod
triarticulate. Telson shorter than pleonite 6,
with pair of tenninal setae. Adult male, never
illustrated.

Distribution. South-eastern Australia; 50-82 m.

Species. Sheardia antennata Hale, 1946.

Remarks. The genus is unique in possessing
greatly expanded articles 1 and 2 of antenna 1 in
combination with article 3 being shorter than arti¬
cles 1 and 2 together; also, pereopod 1 is simple
and the females possess fully developed exopods
on pereopods 1 and 2 without any exopods on
pereopods 3 and 4. Day (1980) reported receiving
males that probably belong to this genus, but she
neither described nor illu.strated the specimens,
except to note that the males possess exopods on
maxilliped 3-pereopod 4 and do not possess
pleopods.

Sheardia antennata Hale
Figure 89

Sheardia antennata Hale, 1946; 358-361, figs 1-2.

Material examined. Holotypc. Australia. NSW,
Ulladulla. Brush I., 45 fm, SAM C2699 (female).

Other material. Australia. Vic., Bass Strait, SA,
NSW, 34-39°S, 137-151°E; 10 females, 2 males.
NMV J47858; J47859; AM P55739; P55746; P46213;
P56229.

Diagnosis. Female and suhadidt male. Carapace
with shallow lateral depression, several gentle
swellings. Pseudorostmm sharp, without dorsal
carinae. Eyelobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod 2
unmodified. Telson much shorter than uropod
peduncles, lateral margins smooth, with 1 pair
long terminal setae. Uropod endopod triarticulate,
shorter than exopod. Terminal setae of uropod
rami simple. Adult male, undescribed.

Distribution. Great Barrier Reef to SA; 50-82 m.

Remarks. The carapace of this species is similar to
the carapace morphologies seen in Litogynodi¬
astylis concava, L. tumida, and L. munda, but the

26

SARAH GERKEN

expansion of articles 1 and 2 of antenna 1 serve to
distinguish this genus and species.

Dicoides Hale
Dicoides Hale. 1946: 421 -428.

Type species. Die brevidacfylum Hale, 1937.

Diagnosis. Female and subadidt male. Pseudo-
rostral lobes horizontal or dorsally directed. Cara¬
pace with tumidities or ridges. Eye lobe with or
without lenses. Siphon long or short. First antenna
short to moderate. Pereopod 1 elongate, may be
stout, propodus longer than basis, propodus and
carpus subequal. Female with fully developed
exopods on percopods 1 and 2 , rudimentary
exopods on pereopods 3 and 4. Uropod endo-
pod of 3 articles. Uropod exopod broad, bearing
many stout setae in addition to long terminal
setae. Telson 0.5-2 times pleonite 6 length,
with or without pair of terminal setae. Adult

male. Pseudorostral lobes horizontal. Antenna
2 peduncle of 3-4 articles, flagellum of 11-13
articles. Exopods present on maxilliped
3-pereopod 4. Uropod endopod of 2 or 3
articles.

Distribution. Australia, South Africa; 1-363 m.

Species. Dicoides areolata Hale, 1946, D. brevi-
dactylum (Hale, 1937), D. fletti Hale, 1946, D.
minuscidus sp. nov., D. micron sp. nov., D. occi-
dentalis Hale, 1951, D. siphonatus Day, 1980, D-
verminaris sp. nov.

Remarks. Members of this genus are fre¬
quently eneountered with pereopod 1 broken off
at the basis-isehium boundary, and are then
easily confu.sed with some species of Gynodi-
astylis and Litogynodiastylis. Several species in
this genus exhibit a distinct pair of spines on the
eye lobe.

1 .

2 .

3.

4.

5.

6 .

7.

Key to species of Dicoides

Telson equal than or longer than uropod peduncle. 2

Telson shorter than uropod peduncles. . 3

Carpus, propodus and dactylus of pereopod I massive, dactylus longest-
siphon short.. .... ..

Pereopod 1 not massive; siphon more than 0.5 carapace length.

e-"u .... D. brevidactylum

Siphon equal to or greater than 0.5 carapace length. 4

Siphon less than 0.5 carapace length.. 3

Carapace with 3-4 shallow longitudinal grooves. £) siphonatus

Carapace smoo* siphon iridescent.:: p,. verminaris

Pereopod 1 with few setae on carpus, propodus and dactyl 6

Pereopod 1 with many setae on carpus, propodus, and dactyl. 7

Carapace smooth, without depression, adult male with entire pseudorostral

Carapace with ventro-lateral depression,'aduirmale with tip^
rostral lobes excavated. K

Adults 2.5 mm or less, carapace without depressions. D minuscidus

Adults 5.0 mm or more, carapace with shallow lateral depression and dorso¬
lateral horizontal elongate tumidity. q

Dicoides areolata Hale
Figures 90-91

Dicoides areolata Hale, 1946: 421-424, figs 46-47.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. NSW,
Ulladulla, Brush 1., 45 fm. SAM C2700 (ovigerous
female).

Paratypes. Australia. NSW, Ulladulla, Bru.sli I.. 45
fin, SAM C270I (adult male), C2708 (female), C2653
(female).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Ba.ss Strait, NSW
34-42°S, 142-15I°E: 61 females, 11 males. NMV
J47860; J47861; J47862; J47863; J47864; J47865;

J47866; J47867; J47868;
J47872; J47991; J47992-
P60998;P562()9; P61011

J47869; J47870; J4787I;
AM P60993; P60996;

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Pseudo¬
rostrum weakly dorsally directed. Eyelobe with 2
lenses. Siphon less than half carapace length,
ereopod I more than twice carapace length,
bearing few short setae. Telson longer than
uropod peduncles, with I pair tiny tenninal setae
or none. Uropod endopod equal in length to exo¬
pod. Body length 3.0-3 .6 mm. Adult male.
Pseudorostrum as in female. Eyelobe with lenses.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

27

Pereopod 1 more than twice carapace length,
more slender than in female, bearing few short
setae. Exopods present on maxilliped 3-pereopod
Telson shorter than uropod peduncles. Uro-
Pod endopod triarticulate. slightly shorter than
exopod. Body length 2.6 mm.

distribution. NSW, Bass Strait, Tas; 50-124 m.

Remarks. Within Dicoides, the massive, well
calcified pereopod 1 of D. areolata is unique.
Specimens of D. areolata in particular frequently
lose pereopod 1 during the collection process.
However it is still possible to differentiate
d. areolata Irom all other Dicoides. This species
much larger and more robust than
d. hrevidactyliim, D. micron, D. minusculus,
or D. verminaris. In D. areolata, the telson is
longer than the uropod peduncles, while in
fletti the telson is distinctly shorter than the
uropod peduncles.

Dicoides brevidactylum (Hale)

Figure 92

die hrevidactyliim Hale, 1937: 69-71, figs 6-7.
dicoides brevidactyla Hale, 1946: 424—425, fig. 48.

idaterial examined. Holotype. Australia. SA, Gulf St
Vincent, Sellicks Reef, I fm, SAM C2151 (female).
I’aratype. Australia. SA, Gulf St Vincent, Sellicks
I SAM C2152 (male).

Other material. Australia. Bass Strait, SA, WA,
NSW, 29-42°S, 114-151°E: 2 females, 7 males, 17
undetermined. NMV .147873; .147874; J48290; J47875;
;;’^'76; J47877; J47878; J47879; J47880; J47881;
■',;;882; J47883; J47884; J47885; J47886; J47887;
■>‘’7888; .147889; J47890.

^‘(ignosis. Female and suhadult male. Pseudo¬
rostrum moderately dorsally directed. Eyclobc
Without lenses. Siphon more than half carapace
ungth. Pereopod 1 not quite twice carapace
ength, bearing a few setae of moderate length.
Olson shorter than uropod peduncles. Uropod
endopod shorter than exopod. Body length
■'~2.7 mm. Adidt male. Unknown.

^imhution, Bass Strait to WA; 1-120 m.

^^ntarks. This species may easily be confused
Dicoides verminaris. However, in D. ver~
'^’oiaris the siphon is iridescent and annulatcd,
rather than dull and smooth as in D. brevidacty-
um, and the proportions of pereopod 1 arc very
uterent. In D. verminaris, the basis of pereopod
IS subcqual in length to the carpus, while in D.
''‘^'^idaciyliini the basis is much shorter than the
carpus.

Dicoides fletti Hale
Figure 93

Dicoides fletti Hale, 1946: 425-428, figs 49-50.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., Babel I.,
25 m, SAM C2341 (female).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, SA, WA,
NSW, 33-42°S, 118-151°E: 216 females, 80 males, 4
manca I, 170+ undetennined. NMV numerous regis¬
tered specimens; AM numerous registered specimens.

Diagnosis. Female and .subadult male. Pseu¬
dorostrum weakly dorsally directed, bearing sev¬
eral setae. Eyelobe without lenses. Siphon short.
Pereopod 1 more than twice carapace length, car¬
pus and propodus bearing many setae (density of
setae varies considerably). Telson shorter than
uropod peduncles. Uropod endopod longer than
exopod. Body length 5.0-5.4 mm. Adult male.
Pseudorostrum horizontal, without setae. Pereo¬
pod 1 much longer than carapace, carpus and
propodus bearing several to many setae. Exopods
present on maxilliped 3-pcreopod 4. Uropod
endopod triarticulate, longer than exopod. Body
length 4.6 mm.

Distribution. Southern to north-western Australia;
0-363 m.

Remarks. Ovigerous females of very disparate
sizes were observed in some samples, and some
specimens had many more setae on pereopod I
than others, but there were no clear distinctions,
either geographically or sexually. Within single
samples, individuals of the same sex and stage
were observed to vary markedly in size and
in the numbers of setae on the first pereopods.
The large range of morphological variability
observed in this species suggests that it may in
fact be a species flock, or comprising several
morphologically cryptic species.

Dicoides micron sp. nov.

Figures 94-98

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., central
Bass Strait, 35 km NNE of Cape Wickham, King 1.,
(39°16.0’S, 144°()5.4'E), 82 m, sandy shell, Smith-
Mclntyre grab, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 23 Nov
1981 (stn BSS 204 G), NMV J48124 (ovigerous

female). •

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., western Bass Strait, 40 km
SSW of Warmambool (38°42.8 S, 142°35.6 E), 69 m,
coarse sand, WHOl cpibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson, RV
Tangaroa, 20 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 189 S), NMV J48293
(1 adult male dis.sccted); We.stcm Port (38“26.48'S,
I45°13.03'E), 23 m, sand, Smitli-Mcintyrc grab, N.
Coleman, 25 Nov 1973 (stn WBES 1748), NMV

28

SARAH GERKEN

J48292 (I ovigerous female); Western Port
(38°26.48'S, 145°13.03'E). 23 m. sand, Smilh-Mcln-
tyre grab, N. Coleman, 25 Nov 1973 (stn WBES 1748),
NMV J48291 (1 ovigerous female dissected).

Diagnosis. Female and suhadult male. Pscu-
dorostrum dorsally directed. Eyelobe without
lenses. Siphon short. Pereopod 1 longer than cara¬
pace, less than twice carapace length, bearing
many short setae. Telson less than half uropod
peduncle length. Uropod endopod longer than
exopod. Body length 3.1 mm. Adult male. Pseu¬
dorostrum horizontal, Pereopod 1 twice as long as
carapace, bearing several short setae. Exopods
present on maxilliped 3-pereopod 4. Uropod
endopod biarticulate, longer than exopod. Body
length 2.3 mm.

Etymology. From Greek, micron meaning small,
because this species is tiny relative to D. areolata
or D. jletti.

Distribution. Vic., Bass Strait; 23-82 m.

Remarks. This species can be differentiated from
Dicoides hrevidactylus on the basis of the siphon
and the telson. In D. hrevidactylus the siphon is
much more than half the length of the carapace,
and the telson is more than half the length of the
uropod peduncles, while in D. micron the siphon
is much less than half the carapace length, and the
telson is less than half the length of the uropod
peduncles.

Dicoides ininusculus sp. nov.

Figures 99-102

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., central
Bass Strait, 26 km SE of Aireys Inlet (38°39.8'S,
144°I8.2 E), 79 m, very fine sand, Smith-Mclntyre
grab, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa. 19 Nov 1981 (stn
BSS 181 G), NMV J48030 (subadult female dissected).

Paratype. Australia. Vic., western Bass Strait, 10 km
W of Cape Otway (39°49.0 S, 143°24.() E), 56 m, line
sand. Smith-Mclntyre grab, R.S. Wilson, RV Tan¬
garoa, 20 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 184 G), NMV J4803I (I
subadult male dissected).

Diagnosis. Female and .subadult male. Pseudo-
rostrum horizontal. Eyelobe without lenses.
Siphon short. Pereopod 1 more than twice cara¬
pace length, bearing many .setae. Telson more
than half the uropod peduncle length, but dis¬
tinctly shorter than the uropod peduncles. Uropod
endopod longer than exopod. Body length 2.2
mm. Adult male. Exopods present on maxilliped
3-pereopod 4. Telson about half uropod peduncle
length. Uropod endopod triarliculate, longer than
exopod. Body length 2.1 mm.

Etymology. From Latin, the diminutive form of
miniscule, meaning small or tiny.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 59 m.

Remarks. This species is very similar to Dicoides
micron, but can be differentiated on the basis of
the telson and pereopod 1, In D. micron the telson
is less than half the uropod peduncle length and
pereopod 1 bears a few short setae, while in D.
minusculus the telson is half the uropod peduncle
length or more and pereopod I bears many setae,
similar to pereopod 1 in D. Jletti.

Dicoides occidentalis Hale
Figure 103

Dicoides occidentalis Hale, 1951: 367-370, Egs
9-10.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. WA, Esper-
ance Bay, SAM C3223 (adult male).

Other matcrial.Australia. Bass Strait, 37-40°S.
I43-I48°E: 7 ovigerous females, 2 subadult females, 2
adult males, 7 subadult males. 2 undetermined; NMV
J47945; J47946; J47947; J47948.

Diagnosis. Female. Unknown. Adult male. Pseu¬
dorostrum horizontal. Eyelobe with lenses.
Siphon short. Pereopod 1 longer than carapace,
less than twice carapace length, bearing very few
setae. Exopods present on maxilliped 3-pereopod
4. Telson less than half uropod peduncle length.
Uropod endopod triarticulate, equal to exopod.
Body length 2.2 mm.

Distribution. Bass Strait, WA; 50-79m.

Remarks. There are two features unique (within
the genus) to this species of Dicoides, the first
being the relatively short pereopod 1 and the
second being the equal uropod rami.

Dicoides siphonatus Day
Figure 104

Dicoides siphonatus Dtxy, 1980: 198-201, fig. 2.

Tvpe material. Holotype. South Africa, off Still Bay
(34°40’S 21°39'E), 80 m. South African Museum,
A15723 (ovigerous female, not seen).

Diagnosis. Female and suhadult male. Pscu-
dorostrum horizontal. Eyelobe without lenses-
Siphon more than half carapace length. Pereopod
I more than twice carapace length, bearing sev¬
eral short setae. Telson shorter than uropod
peduncles. Uropod endopod shorter than exopod-
Body length 2.5-3.4 mm. Adult male. Pereopod 1
nearly twice as long as carapace, bearing several
short setae. Exopods present on maxilliped

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

29

3-pereopoci 4 (exopod on pereopod 4 is nidi-
mentary). Tclson half uropod peduncle length.
Uropod endopod triarliculale, shorter than
exopod. Body length 3.1-3.3 mm.

Distribulion. South Africa; 18-102 m.

Remarks. This species can be differentiated from
Dicoides hrevidactylum by the tclson, and from
D. verminaris by the carapace. In D. brevi-
dactyliim, the tclson is more than half the length
of the uropod peduncles, while in D. siphonaliis
the telson is less than half the length of the uro¬
pod peduncles. In D. verminaris, the carapace has
no lateral ridges or sculpturing, while in
D. siphonaius, the carapace has several lateral
ridges.

Dicoides verminaris sp. nov.

Figures 105-108

Material examined. Molotypc. Australia. Tas., central
Bass Strait, 5 km E of Cape Edie, Robbins I.
(40°41.8'S, HS^OT'E), 16 m, fine shelly sand. M.F.
Gomon and G.C.B. Poore, RV Sarda, 3 Nov 1980 (stn
BSS 110). NMV J48023 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Tas., central Bass Strait, 23 km
E of Cape Rochon. Three Hummock 1. (40‘‘22.2'S.
145°17'E), 40 m, mainly sand, M.F. Gomon and G.C.B.
Poore. RV Sarda. 3 Nov 1980 (stn BSS 112), NMV
J48294 (4 ovigerous females, 3 subadult females, 3
adult males, 2 subadult males); central Bass Strait, 23
km E of Cape Rochon, Three Hummock 1. (40°22.2 'S,
145°I7'E), 40 m, mainly sand. M.F. Gomon and G.C.B.
Poore, RV Sarda, 3 Nov 1980 (stn BSS 112), NMV
J48295 (1 adult male dissected); SA, Pearson 1., E side
in bay {33''57.30'S, 134°15.70’E), 10 m, algae in Po.ri-
donia meadow, coarse sand. SCUBA, G.C.B. Poore,
FV Limnos, 17 Apr 1985 (stn SA 56), NMV J48034 (1
subadult female dissected).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait. WA, SA,
33-40°S, 117-151°E: 32 females, 8 males, 35 undeter¬
mined. NMV and AM various registrations.

Diagnosis. Female and subadidt male. Pseudo-
rostrum horizontal. Eyelobc with lenses. Siphon
longer than carapace, iridescent, with many
closely spaced annulations. Pereopod 1 stout,
twice carapace length, bearing few short setae
Telson shorter than uropod peduncles. Uropod
endopod slightly shorter than exopod. Body length
2.0 mm. Adult male. Pereopod 1 twice carapaee

length, bearing few short setae. Exopods present
on maxilliped 3-pereopod 4. Telson half uropod
peduncle length. Uropod endopod biarticulate,
subequal to exopod. Body length 2.2 mm.

Etymology. From Latin, vermis meaning wonn
attd naris meaning nose, in reference to the long,
snakelike iridescent siphon.

Distribution. Bass Strait, WA; 2-95 m.

Remarks. This species is can be differentiated
from Dicoides brevidactylum by the proportions
of pereopod 1 and the siphon, and from D.
siphonatus by the carapace. In D. brevidactylum,
the basis of pereopod I is mueh shorter than the
carpus, and the siphon is smooth and dull, while
in D. verminaris the basis of perepod 1 is sub¬
equal in length to the earpus, and the siphon is
annulated and iridescent. In D. siphonatus the
carapace has several lateral ridges, and in D.
verminaris the sides of the carapace are smooth.

Paradicoides gen. nov.

Type species. Paradicoides megadactylus sp. nov.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Pseu-
dorostral lobes horizontal or dorsally directed.
Eye lobe without lenses, with pair of spines. First
antenna small to moderate. Pereopod 1 elongate,
propodus as long or longer than basis, carpus and
propodus subcqual. Female without exopods on
pereopods 1 and 2, with rudimentary exopods on
pereopods 3 and 4. Uropod endopod of 3 articles.
Uropod exopod broad, bearing many stout
setae in addition to long terminal setae. Telson
1-2 times pleonite 6 length, with pair of small
tenninal setae. Adult male. Antenna 2 peduncle of
3-4 articles, flagellum of 11 or 12 artieles.
Exopods on maxilliped 3 and pereopods 1-4.
Uropod endopod of 2 or 3 articles.

Etymology. Para meaning similar, with dicoides.

Distribution. South-eastern Australia; 40-1840 m.

Species. Paradicoides acanthommatus sp. nov.,
P. megadactylus sp. nov.

Remarks. Pereopod 1 is very distinctive, and the
exopods on the females, while rudimentary, are
readily apparent under a dissecting microscope.

Key to species of Paradicoides

1. Dactylus longer than propodus. P. megadactylus

— Dactylus less than 0.5 length of propodus. P. acanthommatus

30

SARAH GERKEN

Parudkoides acanthowmatus sp. nov.

Figures 109-112

Material cMmined. Holotype. Australia. Vic 76 km S
of Point Hicks (38°29.33-S, 149°19.98 E), ‘840-I750
m sandy mud. fine shell. WHOI epibenthic sled,
Gc!b. Poore et al., RV Franklin. 26 Oct 1988 (stn
SLOPE 69), NMV J48127 (ovigcrous feniale).

ParatNTJes. Australia. Vic., 76 km S of 1 oint Hicks
(38‘’29.33'S. I49°19.98 E). 18401750 m, sandy mud.
fine shell. WHOI epibenthic sled. G.C.B. Poore et ah,
RV Franklin, 26 Oct 1988 (stn SLOPE 69 ), NMV
J48283 (1 adult male); J48282 (1 subadult Icmalc dis¬
sected); J48128 (22 subadult females).

Diasnosis. Female and subadult male. Carapace
with single ventral ridge. Pseudorostrum dorsally
directed. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod 1
basis with several large, stout teeth or spines. Tcl-
son distinctly longer than uropod peduncles, pro¬
duced as several large lateral teeth pro.ximally,
bearing 1 pair tiny tenninal setae. Uropod endo-
pod shorter than exopod. Adult male. Pereopod 1
basis produced as few small teeth medially.
Exopods present on maxilliped 3-percopod 4.
Telson shorter than uropod peduncles, at least
twice pleonite 6 length. Uropod endopod equal m
length to exopod.

En'inology. From Greek, acanthus meaning spine
ommatus meaning eye, referring to the pair of
spines on the eyelobe.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 1750-1840 m.

Remarks. The females of this species superficially
restmhk Allodiastylts. particularly in the dorsally
directed pseudorostrum and overall appearance
of the carapace. However, the rudimentary
exopods on pereopods 3 and 4 of the female
clearly differentiate this species from all Allodi-
astylis. This species is also clearly differentiable
from Paradkoides megadactylus by the dactylus
of pereopod \ :\nP. megadactylus, the dactylus of
pereopod 1 is longer than the propodus, and in
P. acanlhommalus the dactylus of pereopod 1 is
less than half the length of the propodus.

Franklin. 27 Jul 1986 (stn SLOPE 45). NMV J48149 (|
ovigcrous female. 4 subadult females, 3 subaduh
males). Vic., S of Point Hicks (38° 17.70'S.
149°11.30’E). 400 m, coarse sand, gravel.mud, many
sponges, WHOI epibenthic sled, M.F. Gomon et al., RV
Franklin. 24 Jul 1986 (stn SLOPE 40). NMV J48147 (9
ovigcrous females. 2 subadull females, 2 subadult
males). Cobblers (Bate Bay). NSW. Australia (34°07'S,
151°I0 E), 50 m, 3 Jan 1991. AM P60941 (1 ovigcrous
female dissected); P60942 (1 adult male dissected).

Other material. Australia. Bass Strait, NSW,
34-40°S. 144-151°E: 12 females. NMV J48146;
J48148; ' J48150; AM P60943; P60944: P60945;
P55780; P55788; P60946.

Diagnosis. Adult female and .subadult male. Cara-
pace smooth, with a weak lateral sulcus. Pseu-
dorostrum horizontal. Eye lobe without lenses.
Pereopod I 3 times length of carapace. Telson
shorter than uropod peduncles. Uropod endopod
equal in length to exopod. Adult male. Carapace
as in female, with the addition of a ventrolateral
swelling. Exopods pre.sent on maxilliped 3-
pereopod 4. Uropod endopod slightly shorter than
exopod.

Etymology. Megadactylus relerring to the
extremely long terminal article of pereopod 1.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 40-800 m.

Remarks. Paradkoides megadactylus is easily
distinguishable from P. acanlhommalus by the
length of the pereopod 1 dactylus. telson length
and carapace morphology. In P. megadactylus,
the pereopod 1 dactylus is longer than the propo¬
dus, and in P. acanlhommalus the pereopotJ 1
dactylus is less than half the length of the pro¬
podus. In P. acanlhommalus the telson is tubular
and more than twice the length of pleonite 6,
while in P. megadactylus the telson is close to
the length of pleonite 6. The carapace of
P. megadactx'lus is smooth, without reticulations
or teeth on the anterior ventral margin or the
pseudorostrum, while the carapace of P. acan¬
lhommalus is closely reticulated, and the anterior
ventral margin and pscudorostral margin are both
serrate.

Paradkoides megadacty lus sp. nov.
Figures 113-116A

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., S of
Point Hicks (38°I7.7()'S. 149°11.30'E). 400 m. coarse
.sand, gravel.mud, many sponges. WHOI epibenthic
sled, M.F. Gomon et al., cSlRO RV Franklin. 24 Jul
1986 (stn SLOPE 40). NMV J48151 (ovigcrous
female).

Paratypes. Australia. Tas.. Off Freycinet Peninsula
(42°2.20 S, 148°38.70'E), 800 m, coarse shelly sand,
WHOI epibenthic sled. M.F. Gomon et al., RV

Pseiidozimmeriana gen. nov.

Type species. Pseiidozimmeriana problema sp.
nov.

Diagnosis. Female and subadull male. Pseu-
dorostral lobes horizontal. Eye lobe without
lenses. First antenna small to moderate. Pereopod
I with brush of many long setae tenninally on
dactyl. Female with no exopods on pereopods 1
and 2, with rudimentary exopods on pereopods 3

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

31

and 4. Uropod endopod of 2 articles. Uropod exo¬
pod broad, bearing many stout .setae in addition to
long terminal setae. Telson 1.5 times pleonite 6
length, with pair of terminal setae. Adult male.
Unknown.

Etymulog)’. Pseudo with Zimmeriana, mean¬
ing similar to Zimmeriana, acknowledging that
this genus may easily be confused with
Zimmeriana.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 1750-1840 m.

Species. Pseudozimmeriana problema.

Remarks. The only character in which this genus
differs from Zimmeriana is in the presence of
rudimentary exopods on pereopods 3 and 4 in the
female. It is with some uneasiness that a mono-
typic genus is erected. However, to maintain con¬
sistency with the other genera in the family, the
new genus is necessary.

Pseudozimmeriana problema sp. nov.

Figures 116B-D, 117-118A

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., eastern
Bass Strait, 37 kin NNE of Eddystone Point (40'’43.8 S,
148'’37.2'E), 67 m. muddy sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tan-
garoa, 14 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 164), NMV J48300
(subadult female dissected).

Diagnosis. Adult female and .subadult male.
Carapace bulbous, without any obvious
sculpturing. Telson slightly shorter than uropod
peduncle length, lateral margins smooth, bear¬
ing I pair slender lateral setae and 1 pair small
stout terminal setae. Uropod endopod triar-
ticulate, shorter than exopod. Adult male.
Unknown.

Etymology. From Greek, problema meaning
a question posed for solution, a puzzle, or a
riddle.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 1750-1840 m.

Remarks. This species looks very much like
a species of Zimmeriana. However, adding it to
this genus would require an expansion of the def¬
inition of Zimmeriana. The rudimentary exopods
on pereopods 3 and 4 are very tiny, and are only
visible with a compound microscope.

Zimmeriana Hale
Zimmeriana Hale, 1946: 438^43.

Type species. Die lasiodactylum Zimmer, 1914.

Diagnosis. Female and subadult male. Pseu-
dorostral lobes horizontal. Eye lobe without
lenses, with or without pair of spines. First
antenna small to moderate. Percopod 1 with
brush of many long setae terminally on dactyl.
Female entirely without exopods. Uropod endo¬
pod of 2 or 3 articles. Uropod exopod broad,
bearing many stout setae in addition to long
terminal setae. Telson 1-3.5 times pleonite 6
length, with or without pair of terminal setae.
Adult male. Pseudorostral lobes horizontal or
ventrally directed. Eye lobe with or without
lenses. Antenna 2 peduncle of 4 articles, flagel¬
lum of 7 articles. Exopods on maxilliped 3 and
pereopods 1-4.

Distribution. NSW to WA, Japan; 5-220 m.

Species. Zimmeriana azumai Gamo, 1986, Z.
lasiodactylum (Zimmer, 1914), Z. longirostris
Hale, 1946, Z. robustacrus sp. nov., Z. spinicauda
(Hale, 1937), Z. vibrissa sp. nov.

Remarks. Zimmeriana is a distinctive genus
with the bnish of long setae on the dactylus of the
pereopod 1. Unlike the Gynodiastylis-gyonp
and Dicoides, pereopod 1 rarely breaks during
collection.

Key to species of Zimmeriana

1. Telson with spines ventrally..Z. spinicauda

— Telson without ventral spines.2

2. Telson shorter than or equal to uropod peduncle.3

— Telson longer than uropod peduncle.4

3. Pereopod 1 carpus longer than basis, pereopod 2 carpus at least twice length

of mcrus.Z. longirostris

— Pereopod 1 carpus equal to basis, percopod 2 carpus half merus length
.Z. lasiodactylum

4. Uropod endopod biarticulate in female.Z. robustacrus

— Uropod endopod triarticulate in female (may be biarticulate in male).5

5. Percopod 2 carpus more than twice mcrus length.Z. azumai

— Pereopod 2 carpus less than twice merus length. Z. vibrissa

32

SARAH GERKEN

Zimmeriana aztimai Gamo
Figures 119-121

Zimmeriana aziimai Game, 1986: 37^3, figs 1-4.

Type material. Japan. Shijiki Bay, Hirado-jima 1.,
northwest of Kyushu, 30-32 m; deposition unknown
(not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and .subadult male. Cara¬
pace with a weak lateral sulcus, several denticles
dorsally on the frontal lobe. Eyelobc with pair
of teeth. Percopod I carpus longer than basis.
Pereopod 2 carpus more than twice merus length.
Telson longer than uropod peduncles. Uropod
endopod triarticulate, much shorter than exopod.
Adult male. Carapace as in female. Pereopod 1
carpus shorter than basis. Pereopod 2 carpus more
than twice merus length. Exopods present on
maxillipcd 3-percopod 4. Telson shorter than
uropod peduncles. Uropod endopod biarticulate,
much shorter than exopod.

Distribution. Japan; 11 -50 m.

Remarks. The most similar species is Zimmeriana
lasiodactylum. However, the telson of Z. azumai
is very different, being tubular and at least twice
the length of pleonite 6, while in Z. lasiodactylum
the telson is the same length or shorter than
pleonite 6.

Zimmeriana lasiodactylum (Zimmer)
Figure 122

Die lasiodaclvlum Zimmer, 1914: 193-195, figs
17-18.—Hale, 1936: 422-424, fig 12, 13h.—Hale,
1937: 69, fig. 5a.—Zimmer, 1941: 66, fig. 100.

Zimmeriana lasiodactylum. —Hale, 1946: 443, fig.
60A.—Jones. 1969: 165.

Type material. Holotype. Southwest Australia, Cham¬
pion Bay, Geraldton, ZMB 18495 (ovigerous female,
not seen).

Material examined. Australia. WA, Vic., 29-38°S,
I14-I45°E: 7 undetermined. NMV J47949; NMV
J47950.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace with pair of posterodorsal swellings and
weak lateral sulcus. Pereopod 1 carpus equal to
basis. Pereopod 2 carpus twice merus length. Tel¬
son without terminal setae, equal in length to uro¬
pod peduncles. Uropod endopod triarticulate,
shorter than exopod. Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. Vic., WA; 9-23 m.

Remarks. The most similar species is Zimmeriana
azumai. However, the telson of Z azumai is much
longer than pleonite 6, while the telson of

Z. lasiodactylum is the same length or shortQf
than pleonite 6.

Zimmeriana longirostris Hale
Figures 123-125

Die lasiodactylum. —Hale. 1936: 422-424, fig. 12^
(part).—Hale, 1937: 69, fig. 5a.

Zimmeriana longirostris Hale, 1946: 438-443, fife.
57-59, 60B.—Jones. 1969: 165.

Material e.xamined. Holotype. Australia. SA, St Vin¬
cent Gulf, Sellicks Reef, 0.5-1 fm, SAM C265g
(female).

Paratypes. Australia. SA. St Vincent Gulf, Sellicks
Reef, 0.5-1 fathom, SAM C2655 (male), C2022
(female), C2659 (female).

Other material. Australia. NSW, Tas., Vic. Bas^
Strait, WA, SA. 29-42°S, 114-I50°E: 4 ovigerous
females, 3 subadult females. 19 undetemiined. NMV
J4795I; J47952; J47953; J47954; J47955; J47956;
J47957; J47958; J47959; J47960; J20744; J20745.

Diagno.sis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara,
pace with a weak lateral sulcus. Pscudorostruni
long, bearing several setae. Pereopod 1 carpus
longer than basis. Pereopod 2 carpus twice as
long as merus. Telson shorter than uropofi
peduncles. Uropod endopod triarticulate, shorter
than exopod. .4dult male. Carapace with
pseudoroslrum ventral ly directed. Eye lobe with
lenses. Exopods present on maxillipcd 3--
pereopod 4. Uropod endopod biarticulate (with
faint hint of a second articulation), shorter than
exopod.

Distribution. NSW to WA; 5-22{)m.

Remarks. This species is very similar to Zimmeri¬
ana lasiodactylum, but can be differentiated by
the proportions of pereopods 1 and 2. In Z. lasio-
dactylum, the carpus of percopod 1 is subequal to
the basis, while in Z longirostris the carpus of
percopod I is distinctly longer than the basis. In
Z lasiodactylum, the carpus of the pereopod 2 is
1.5 times the length of the merus, while in Z lon¬
girostris the carpus of the pereopod 2 is more than
twice the length of the merus. In general, the
appendages of Z longirostris are slender and
elongate in comparison to the appendages of
Z. lasiodactylum.

Zimmeriana rohustacrus sp. nov.

Figures 118A, 126-127

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., western
Bass Strait, 5 km SW of Bluff Point (40“48.rS,
144°38.0'E), 42 m, bryozoans, M.F. Gomon et al., RV
Hai Rung, 2 Feb 1981 (stn BSS 126), NMV J45264
(subadult female).

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

33

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace with weak anterodorsal swelling, without
lateral suleus. Pereopod 1 carpus longer than
basis. Pereopod 2 carpus slightly longer than
merus. less than 1.5 times merus length. Telson
much longer than uropod peduncles. Uropod
endopod biarticulate, slightly shorter than
exopod. Adult male. Unknown.

Etymologv. From Latin, robustiis meaning
strong and crus meaning leg, in referenee to
the robust fomi of the pereopods, particularly
pereopod 1.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 42 m.

Remarks. This species can be distinguished
from all other Zimmeriana by the biarticulate
endopod in the female, as females of all other
species of Zimmeriana have triarticulatc uropod
endopods.

Zimmeriana spinicauda (Hale)

Figure 128

Die lasiodactyliiin. —Hale, 1936: 422-424, fig. 12a,
I3a-g (not Zimmer).

Die lasiodactylum var. spinicauda Hale, 1937: 69,
fig. 5b.

Zimmeriana spinicauda. —Hale, 1946: 438.—Jones,
1969: 165.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. SA, Gulf St
Vincent, Sellicks Reef, Port Willunga Reef, SAM.

Other material. Australia. SA, Tipaira Bay, Tiparra
Reef (34°4'S, 137°23’E), II m, sand, shell fragments
and seagrass, SCUBA, G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew
Ton,l5 Mar 1985 (stn SA 19), NMV J47963 (2).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace with many spines. Pereopod I carpus longer
than basis. Pereopod 2 carpus twice as long as
merus. Telson with ventral spines or teeth, much
longer than uropod peduncles. Uropod endopod
triarticulatc, much shorter than exopod. Adidt
male. Unknown.

Distribution. SA; 11 m.

Remarks. The beginning of the description in
Hale (1936) refers to specimens of Zimmeriana
longirostris (called Die lasiodactylum, corrected
in Hale, 1946) which are significantly smaller
than Z. spinicauda, on the order of 1.75-2 mm, in
contrast to Z .spinicauda at 3 mm. This species is
very distinctive, as it is the only species with
spines all over the carapace, and also the only
species with spines or teeth on the ventral surface
of the telson.

Zimmeriana vibrissa sp. nov.

Figures 129-131

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. SA, Tiparra
Bay, Tiparra Reef west ground, 2.3 nm. W of Tiparra
Light (34°4'S, 137‘’23'E), 10 m, sponge, red and green
algae, SCUBA. G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, 15
Mar 1985 (stn SA 6), NMV J48042 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. SA, Tiparra Bay, Tiparra Reef
west ground, 2.3 nm. W of Tipana Light (34°4'S,
137°23'E), 10 m, sponge, red and green algae, SCUBA,
G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, 15 Mar 1985 (stn SA
6), NMV J48043 (1 ovigerous female dissected).

Other material. Australia. Tas., WA, SA, Bass Strait,
3I-39°S, 1I5-I47‘’E: 12 undetermined. NMV J48044;
J48045; J48046; J48047; J48048; J48049; J48050.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace with multiple spines dorsally, no lateral
spines. Pereopod 1 carpus longer than basis. Pere¬
opod 2 carpus less than twice length of merus.
Telson longer than uropod peduncles. Uropod
endopod triarticulatc, much shorter than exopod.
Adult male. Unknown.

Etymology’. From Latin, vibrissa meaning stiff
tactile hair, in reference to the stiff setae on the
dactylus of the pereopod I.

Distribution. Bass Strait, SA, WA; 5-57 m.

Remarks. This species is most similar to the small
individuals of Zimmeriana spinicauda recorded
by Hale (1936). However, in this species there are
no spines on the telson, nor are there spines on the
lateral surfaces of the carapace.

Axiogynodiastylis gen. nov.
Gynodiastylis. —Hale, 1946: 364-366.

Type species. Gynodiastylis rochfordi Hale, 1946.

Diagnosis. Female and subadull male. Pseu-
dorostral lobes horizontal or ventrally directed.
Eye lobe with or without lenses. First antenna
small to moderate. Pereopod 1 with distinct brush
of long setae on propodus. Female with fully
developed exopods on pereopods 1 and 2, rudi¬
mentary exopods on pereopods 3 and 4. Uropod
endopod of 1, 2 or 3 articles. Telson 0.5-1 times
pleonite 6 length, with pair of terminal setae.
Adult male. Antenna 2 with peduncle of 3 or 4
articles, flagellum of 11 articles. Exopods present
on maxillipcd 3 and pereopods 1^ (where
known). Uropod endopod of 2 or 3 articles.

Etymology. From Greek axios meaning of the
same, or of equal worth, in combination with
gynodiastylis, meaning a taxon that is similar to
Gynodiastylis in habitus.

34

SARAH GERKEN

Distribution. NSW to SA, New Zealand,
11-1065 m.

Species. Axiogynodiastylis fimhriatus sp. nov.,
A. kopua sp. nov., A. reticulatus sp. nov.,
A. rochfordi (Hale, 1946) comb. nov.

Remarks. This genus is very similar to Gyno,
astylis, and as the definition is based on femi*'
characters, it may be difficult or impossible
differentiate between males of Gynodiastylis a:*!;
Axiogynodiastylis if females are not also preseil^*

1 .

2 .

3.

Key to species of Axiogynodiastylis

Carapace with multiple longitudinal ridges, uropod endopod triarticulate
^ . A. rochjordi

Carapace without longitudinal ridges, uropod endopod 1-3 articulate ..2

Uropod endopod uniarticulate, carapace smooth. A. kopua

Uropod endopod 2 or 3 articulate...^

Uropod endopod biarticulate, carapace reticulated.A reticulata

Uropod endopod triarticulate, carapace smooth. A.jimbriata

Axiogynodiastylis fimhriata sp. nov.

Figures 132-134

Material examined. Holotypc. New Zealand. Ch^-
ham Rise, E of South Island, 44°30.rs 174° 18.8 E,
760 m, (stn S147 TAM), 25 Oct 1979, NIWA H-803

(ovigerous female). „ c- .u

Paratypes. New Zealand. Chatham Rise, E of South
Island, 44°30. I S 174° 18.8 'E, 760 m, (stn S147 TAM),
25 Oct 1979, NIWA P-1274 (1 subadult female);
44°29.89-31.9'S, I78°57.88-179°66.57'W, 1065 m,
(stn V362 DAB), 7 Sep 1989, NIWA P-1275 (1

subadult female).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace with distinct vertical depression just poste¬
rior to anterior margin, producing a flared effect
on the anterior margin. Pereopod 2 covered in
tiny hair like setae. Telson longer than uropod
peduncles. Uropod exopod distal margin lined
with fine hairlike setae, otherwise uropod rami
without such setae. Uropod endopod triarticulate,
subequal to exopod. Uropod terminal setae finely
microserrate. Adult male. Unknown.

Ettnnology. From Latin, fimbriatus meaning
fringe, border or edge, in reference to the flared
out anterior margin of the carapace, and the setae
fringing the edge.

Distribution. Eastern New Zealand; 760-1065 m.

Remarks. This species can be distinguished from
Axiogynodiastylis kopua and A. reticulata by the
triarticulate uropod endopod, as A. kopua has a
uniarticulate endopod and A. reticulata has biar-
ticulatc endopod. Also, this species can be difler-
entiated from the one other species in the genus
with a triarticulate uropod endopod, A. rochfordi,
by the complete lack of lateral ridges on the
carapace.

Axiogynodiastylis kopua sp. nov.

Figures 135-137

Material examined. Holotype. New Zealand. Chathar
Rise, E of South Island, 44°30.rS 174° 18.8’E, 760 im
(stn SI47 TAM), 25 Oct 1979, NIWA 11-804 (subadul,
female). '

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara
pace smooth, unomamented. Pereopod 2 withoir
fine hairlike setae. Telson shorter than uropod
peduncles. Uropod rami without fine hairlikd
setae. Uropod endopod uniarticulate, subcqual td
exopod. Uropod endopod subtenninal sets
microserrate distally, with long subterminai
setule; terminal seta microserrate distally, tip
expanded and covered with fine setules. Aduh
male. Unknown.

Etymology’. From the Maori, kopua meaning
deep water, in reference to the depth at which the
holotype was collected.

Distribution. New Zealand; 760 m.

Remarks. This species has unique terminal setae
on the uropods, and is the only species in the
genus with a uniarticulate uropod endopod.

Axiogynodiastylis reticulata sp. nov.
Figures 138-143

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., central
Bass Strait, 25 km SW of Cape Frankland. Flinders I.
(40°09.4'S. 147°32.6'E), 51 m. shelly sand, R.S. Wil¬
son, RV Tangaroa, 14 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 162), NMV
J48269 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Tas., central Bass Strait, 25 km
SW of Cape Frankland, Flinders I. (40°09.4 S,
147°32.6'E), 51 m, shelly sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tan¬
garoa, 14 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 162), NMV J48270 (1

1

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

35

subadull female dissected); central Bass Strait, 25 km
SW of Cape Frankland. Flinders I. (40°09.4'S,
147°32 6'E) 51 m. shelly sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tan-
garoa, 14 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 162), NMV J48268 (5
females, 1 male); central Bass Strait, 25 km SW of
Cape Frankland, Flinders 1. (40°09.4 S, 147 32.6 E),
51 m, shelly sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 14 Nov
I98r(stn BSS 162), NMV J48271 (1 adult male dis¬
sected).

Diagnosis. Adult female and .subadult male. Cara¬
pace with incomplete ventrolateral ridge, com¬
plete and ineomplete dorsal ridges, carapace
entirely finely reticulated. Pereopod 2 without
fine hairlike setae. Tel.son shorter than uropod
peduncles, lateral margins serrate. Uropod rami
without fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod biar-
ticulate, longer than exopod. Uropod rami ter¬
minal setae with a single subtemiinal setule. Adult
male. Carapace ridges as in female, may appear
finely reticulated or patehily covered in pointed
tubercles. Exopods present on maxilliped 3-
pereopod 4. Telson slightly shorter than uropod
peduneles.

Etymology. From Latin, reticidatus referring to
the reticulated patterning ot the carapace.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 51 m.

Remarks. Exopods on pereopods 3 and 4 of the
female are tiny, and may not be easily visible with
a dissecting microscope. This species can be
di.slinguished from all other species in the genus
by cither the carapace morphology or the biartic-
ulate uropod endopod. The most similar species
in the closely allied genus Gynodiastylis is
G. subtilis. However, G. subtilis does not have
reticulations on the carapace and the ventrolateral
ridge on the carapace is less than a third the cara¬
pace length, while in Axiogynodi.styli.s reticulata
the ventro-lateral ridge extends more than half the
length of the carapace.

A.xiogynodiastylis roclifurdi (Hale) comb. nov.

Figures 144-146

GvnodiastvUs rochfordi Hale, 1946: 364-366, figs
3 - 4 ^

Material examined. I lolotype. Australia. NSW,
Ulladulla, Brush I., 45 fm. SAM C2695 (suhadult
male).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, SA,
NSW, 34 41°S, 137-151 °E: 80 females, 53 males, 5
manca 1. NMV numerous registrations; AM numerous
registrations.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace with multiple lateral ridges, pseudorostrum
with pair of dorsal carinae. Pereopod 2 distal arti¬

cles covered with fine hairlike setae. Telson
shorter than uropod peduncles. Uropod rami cov¬
ered in fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod triar-
ticulate, longer than exopod. Uropod terminal
setae with single subterminal setule. Adult male.
As in female, except pereopod 2 and uropod rami
without fine hairlike setae. Exopods present on
maxilliped 3-pereopod 4.

Distribution. NSW to SA; 11-520 m.

Remarks. This species is the largest A.xiogymodi-
astyliSy reaching lengths of over 5 mm in the
female. This species can be distinguished from all
others in the genus by the multiple lateral ridges.

Gynodiastylis Caiman

Gvnodia.stvlis Caiman, 1911: 368-370.—Zimmer,
1914: 187-190.—Hale, 1928: 42-45.—Hale, 1946:
362-421.—Gamo, 1961: 104-109.—Harada, 1962:
293-306.—Jones, 1963: 71-76.—Gamo, 1968.

186-187.—Day, 1980: 201 - 215 .—Blazewicz and
Heard, 1999: 362-367.

Type species. Gynodiastylis cannata Caiman,
1911.

Diagnosis. Female and subadull male. Pseu-
dorostral lobes horizontal or ventrally directed.
Eye lobe with or without lenses. First antenna
small to moderate. Pereopod I with a distinct
brush of long setae on the propodus. Female with
fully developed exopods on pereopods 1 and 2, no
exopods on pereopods 3 and 4. Uropod endopod
of 1, 2 or 3 articles. Telson 0.5-1.5 times pleonitc
6 length, with or without pair of terminal setae.
Adult male. Antenna 2 peduncle of 3-4 articles,
flagellum of 7-12 articles. Exopods present on
maxilliped 3, pereopods 1 and 2, 1-3 or 1 4. Uro¬
pod endopod of I, 2 or 3 articles, may have fewer
articles than in female.

Distribution. South Africa, Arabian Gulf,
Thailand, Australia, Japan, Antarctic Ocean,
1-1264 m.

Species. GvnodiastvUs ampla Hale, 1946, G.
anguicephala Harada. 1962, G. arabica sp. nov.,
G. baios sp. nov., G. bla.x sp. nov., G. hicristata
Caiman, 1911, G. cannata Caiman, 1911, O.
carinirostris Hale. 1946, G. dikondyla sp.

G. dilatata Hale. 1946, G. fulgida Day, 1980, G.
Iiartmeyeri Zimmer, 1914, G.
nov., G. jazdzew.skii Blazewicz and Heard, [”7,
G. koataata sp. nov.. G. lata Hale, 1946.
G. lineata Day, 1980, G. mega.siphon sp. nov..
G. milleri Jones, 1963, G. multicarinata sp.
nov., G. nitida, Harada, 1962, G. nordaustral-
iana Bacescu. 1991, G. polita Hale, 1946,

36

SARAH GERKEN

G. pygmaeoinsolitaseta sp. nov., G. robusta Hale,
1946, G. rotundicaudata Gamo, 1961, G. rugosa
sp. nov., G. sierra sp. nov., G. siniilis Zimmer,
1914, G. struntosa Hale, 1946, G. suhtilis Hale,
1946, G. tnmcatifrons Hale, 1928 G. tubicola
Harada, 1962, G. tubifactiirex sp. nov.

Remarks. Although species of Gyiwdiastylis an,
frequently collected with pereopod I broken ofp
at the basis-ischium boundary, it may still be pos'
sible to identify the species on the basis of th(
carapace morphology and pattern of exopods.

1 .

2 .

3.

4.

5.

6 .

7.

8 .

9.

10 .
11 .
12 .

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20 .

Key to species of Gyiwdiastylis

Carapace covered with setae. anasillos

Carapace not covered with setae.2

Carapace smooth........

Carapace sculptured, or with ridges, tumidities, or depressions. 17

Pscudorostral lobes with I pair sharp dorsal carinae.4

Pseudorostral lobes without carinae. ■■■■■■ 5

Uropod endopod uniarticulate in both sexes.G. profunda

Uropod endopod triarticulatc in female.G. carinirostris

Uropod rami longer than or equal to uropod peduncle.6

Uropod rami shorter than uropod peduncle.12

Uropod endopod uniarticulate.2

Uropod endopod bi or triarticulate. 9

Uropod endopod equal to exopod.G. rotundicaudata

Uropod endopod longer than exopod...8

Telson less than 0.5 uropod peduncle length.G. curvirostris

Telson greater than 0.5 peduncle length.G. arabica

Uropod endopod biarticulate.10

Uropod endopod triarticulatc.11

Telson greater than or equal to uropod peduncles.G. koataata

Telson shorter than uropod peduncles.G. similis

Telson less than 0.5 uropod peduncle length.G. platycarpus

Telson more than 0.5 uropod peduncle length.G. hartmeyeri

Uropod endopod triarticulate in both sexes.G. pygmaeoinsolitaseta

Uropod endopod uni or biarticulate. 13

Uropod endopod uniarticulate. 14

Uropod endopod biarticulate. 16

Telson greater than two-thirds uropod peduncle length.. 15

Telson less than two-thirds uropod pcdunTelson less than two-thirds
uropod peduncle length length; uropod terminal setae complex, with many

long setules terminally.G. insolitaseta

Telson equal in length to uropod peduncles.. G. nitida

Telson shorter than uropod peduncles; uropod terminal setae with single

subtenninal setule. G.fulgida

Antenna 1 visible; telson less than half uropod peduncle length.G. haios

Antenna 1 not visible, tucked into groove on ventral surface of

pseudorostrum; telson more than half uroped peduncle length.

.G. tubifacture.x

Carapace mostly smooth, ridges few and incomplete if present.18

Carapace sculptured, or with multiple ridges or rugose appearance.22

Carapace with pair of dorsally directed swellings mid-dorsally; uropod

endopod uniarticulate. G- dikondyla

Carapace without dorsal swellings; uropod endopod bi- or triarticulate.19

Uropod endopod biarticulate.20

Uropod endopod triarticulate.21

Carapace with 1 pair dorsal ridges, extending onto pseudorostrum.G. hla.x

Carapace with 1 ventrolateral ridge, may sweep dorsally; anterior margin of
carapace may be weakly or strongly toothed.G. truncatifrons

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

37

21. Telson much shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth

.G. polita

_ Telson subequal to uropod peduncles, lateral margins strongly serrate.

. G. suhtilis

22. Carapace sculptured, with swellings, folds, or tumidities, few ridges if any^.^

_ Carapace with many ridges, many weak ridges may combine to create rugose

appearance...

23. Anterodorsal portion of carapace with 3 ridges, strongly toothed; central

ridge not paired. sierra

_ Without strongly toothed ridges on the anterodorsal part of the carapace .. 24

24. Siphon much longer than carapace. G. megasiphon

— Siphon short.25

25. Uropod rami equal to peduncle length.26

_ Uropod rami less than two-thirds peduncle length. .27

26. Perconites 3-4 fused; medial margin of uropod endopod with many (12-19)

..G. robusta

_ Pereonites 3-4 free; medial margin of uropod endopod with few (6-9) setae

.G. dilalata

27. Uropod peduncle less than twice uropod endopod length; telson with third of
length postanal; carapace with distinct carinae, branchial region not swollen

.G. ampla

_ Uropod peduncle more than twice uropod endopod length; telson with

insignificant postanal portion; carapace with folds but without distinct
carinae, branchial region swollen..... G. sirtimosa

28. Carapace with strongly defined ridges, may be complete or incomplete .... 29

_ Carapace with weakly defined, incomplete ridges.34

29. Carapace with I pair large, sharp dorsal ridges.30

_ Carapace with ridges, but without 1 pair large dorsal ridges. 31

30. Carapaee with only I pair large, sharp dorsal ridges.G. bicristata

_ Carapace with 1 pair large sharp dorsal ridges and few incomplete lateral

ridges on the posterior portion. G. sulcata

31. Carapace with horizontal ridges on posterior two-thirds, posterior to

sweepingridge (from anteroventral comer to posterior comer of Irontal
|g(,g).G. nordaustraliana

_ Carapace with ridges extending onto anterior portion. .32

32. Carapace with 3 complete lateral ridges, and 1 pair dorsal ridges on

pseudorostmm..... G. carinata

_ Carapace with more than 3 complete lateral ridges.. 33

33. Telson le.ss than or equal to half uropod peduncle length.G. midticarinata

_ Telson longer than half uropod peduncle length.. G. lineata

34. Carapace well calcified, with strongly mgose appearance, distinct lateral

sulcus; Telson equal in length to uropod peduncles.. G. rugosa

_ Carapace weakly calcified, mgose appearance due to multiple incomplete

ridges; telson shorter than uropod peduncles.35

35. Uropod endopod longer than or equal to peduncle. G. jazdzewskii

_ Uropod endopod shorter than peduncle.36

36. Pair of sharp dorsal carinae on pseudorostrum. .37

_ Pseudorostmm without dorsal carinae. G. anguicephala

37. Telson less than half uropod peduncle length. G. lata

_ Telson greater than half uropod peduncle length.38

38. Carapace with many complete and incomplete ridges; uropods slender..... 39

_ Carapace with few incomplete ridges; uropods stout.G. milleri

39. Pseudorostral lobes with a distinct pair of dorsal carinae. G. tubicola

_ Pseudorostral lobes without pair of dorsal carinae. G. costata

38

SARAH GERKEN

Gynodiastylis ampla Hale
Figure 147

Gynodiastylis ampla Hale, 1946: 376-378, figs
12-13.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. NSW,
Ulladulla, 75 m, SAM C2654 (female).

Paratypes. Australia. NSW, Ulladulla, 75 m, SAM
C268I (male), C2657 (females).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace with lateral ridge running posteriorly from
anterovcntral comer, pair of posterior dorsolateral
ridges, a deep lateral sulcus, and faint pits poste¬
riorly which join together and give the impression
of irregular, vague wavy ridges. Eyelobe with 3
lenses. Pereopod 1 with propodus less than half
carpus length. Pereopod 2 basis not expanded,
without fine hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5 dacty-
luses not modified. Telson shorter than uropod
peduncles, lateral margins serrate, bearing 1 pair
stout lateral setae and 1 pair stout terminal setae.
Uropod rami without fine hairlike setae. Uropod
endopod triarticulate, equal in length to exopod.
Uropod terminal setae simple. Body length 9.2
mm. Adult male. As in female, with exopods on
maxilliped 3-pcrcopod 4. Body length 8.2 mm.

Distribution. NSW; 75 m.

Remarks. This species is one of the largest
species, and can be distinguished from most other
species in the genus by size alone. Gynodiastylis
rugosa is the only species of a similar size, and G.
ampla can be distinguished by the following fea¬
tures: uropod rami subequal in length, whereas in
G. rugosa the uropod exopod is much shorter than
the endopod; pereopod 2 is without fine hairlike
setae, while in G. rugosa pereopod 2 is densely
beset with fine hairlike setae.

Gynodiastylis anasillos sp. nov.

Figures 148-149

Material e.xamined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., central
Bass Strait, 65 km S of Cape Schanck (39‘’08.3'S,
I44°43.9'E), 66 m, coarse sand, Smith-Mcintyre grab,
R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 23 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 201
G), NMV J4800I (subadult female).

Paratype. Au.stralia. NSW, OffNowra (34°59.52’S,
I5I°5.94'E), 204 m. coarse shell, WHOI epibenthic
sled, G.C.B. Poore et al.. RV Franklin. 14 Jul 1986 (stn
SLOPE I), NMV J48000 (I subadult female).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace covered with many setae, without any other
sculpturing or ornamentation. Eyelobe with 3
lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less than half carpus

length. Pereopod 2 entirely densely beset wi(h
fine hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5 with the dacty-
lus produced as several comblike processes, ter¬
minal seta dentate. Telson shorter than uropod
peduncles. Uropod rami covered in fine hairlike
setae. Uropod endopod biarticulatc, longer than
exopod. Uropod exopod produced as terminal
lobe. Uropod terminal setae simple. Body length
4.5 mm. Adult male. Unknown.

Etymology. From Greek, anasillos meaning
bristling hairs, in reference to the setae covering
the carapace.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 204-1119 m.

Remarks. The carapace covered with setae is
unique within the genus.

Gynodiastylis anguicephala Harada
Figure 150

Gynodiastylis anguicephala Harada, 1962: 303-305,
figs 7-8.—Gamo, 1963: 88.—Gamo, 1968: 186-187.

Type material. Holotype. Japan, off Sirahama (Izu
Peninsula), Gunchu-ko (Ehime Prefecture), and Ona-
hama Bay (Miyagi Prefecture), 10-20 m, deposition
unknown (not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace with complete and incomplete lateral and
dorsolateral ridges. Eyelobe with 3 lenses. Perco-
pod I propodus less than half carpus length. Pere¬
opod 2 without fine hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5
not illustrated. Telson shorter than uropod pedun¬
cles, with 2 pair slender lateral setae and 1 pair
small terminal setae. Uropod rami without fine hair¬
like .setae. Uropod endopod biarticulate, .shorter
than exopod. Uropod terminal setae with single
subterminal setule. Body length 2.0 mm. Adult
male. As in female, except with exopods on max¬
illiped 3-pereopod 4, and uropod rami subequal.

Distribution. Japan; 10-20 m.

Remarks. This species can be distingui,shed from
all other species by the combination of the small
size and location; there arc no other species of a
similar size reported from Japan.

Gynodiastylis arabica sp. nov.

Figures 151-152

Material examined. Holotype. United Arab Emirates,
Urn al Dalkh oilfield, 30 km offshore Abu Dhabi,
24°62'N, 54°17'E, 12-20 m, (stn UA12), USNM
1001139 (adult male).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male.
Unknown. Adidt male. Carapace smooth, unoma-

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

39

mented. Eyelobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod I propo-
dus less than half carpus length. Pereopod 2 with¬
out fine hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus
and terminal seta unmodified. Exopods present on
maxillipcd 3-pereopod 4. Telson much shorter
than uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth,
bearing 1 pair of tiny tcnninal setae. Uropod rami
without fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod
uniarticulate, longer than exopod. Uropod termi¬
nal setae complex, distal ly microserrate with long
setules, with single very long subterminal sctulc.
Body length 2.1 mm.

Etymology. Arabica, from the place of collection,
the Arabian Gulf.

Distribution. Arabian Gulf, off Abu Dhabi, 12-
20 m.

Remarks. This species is the first recorded gyn-
odiastylid from the Arabian Gulf. It is expected
that gynodiastylids will be found all around the
Indian Ocean coast. However, this is the first
record between the Gulf of Thailand and South
Africa. This species is mo.st similar to Gynodi-
astylis insolitaseta and G. pygmaeoin.solitaseta.
However, in G. insolimela the uropod rami are
subequal in length, and the telson is entirely with¬
out terminal setae, while in G. arabica the uropod
exopod is much shorter than the endopod, and the
telson bears pair of small terminal setae. In G.
pygmaeoinsolitaseta the uropod endopod is triar-
ticulate, while the uropod endopod of G. arabica
is uniarticulate.

Gynodiastylis baios sp. nov.

Figures 153-156

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. SA, “1 lotspol”
reef. 5 n mi. W of N end of Flinders I. (33°4().50 S,
134°22’E), 12 m, brown, green, red algae, large fomis,
SCUBA, S. Shepherd, FV l.inmos, 19 Apr 1985 (stn SA
64), NMV J47998 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. WA, Thistle Cove, eastern end
(34°0'S, 122'’12 E), 8 m, brown algae, SCUBA, G.C.B.
Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, 11 Apr 1984 (stn SWA 28),
NMV J47996 (3); J47993 (I ovigerous female dis¬
sected); WA, Thistle Cove. ca,stem end (34°0'S,
122“12'E), 7 m, red algae. SCUBA, G.C.B. Poore and
H.M. Lew Ton, 11 Apr 1984 (stn SWA 27), NMV
J47995 (1); Vic., western Bass Strait, 30 km SSW of
Warmambool (38°38.2’S, 142°35.0'E), 59 m, Smith-
Mclntyre grab. R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 20 Nov
1981 (stn BSS 188 G), NMV J47994 (1 adult male
dissected); J47997 (2).

Diagnosis. Adult female and suhadult male.
Carapace smooth, unomamented, with deep
antennal notch. Eyelobe with 2 lenses. Pereopod

1 with propodus less than half carpus length.
Pereopod 2 with patches of fine hairlike setae.
Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and termitial seta
unmodified. Telson much shorter than uropod
peduncles, lateral margins smooth, without
terminal setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike
setae. Uropod endopod biarticulatc, much longer
than exopod. Uropod tcr-minal setae with single
subterminal sctule. Body length 2.4-2.6 mm.
Adult male. As in female, except uropod
rami with fine bristles distally. Exopods present
on maxillipcd 3-pereopod 4. Body length
2.0 mm.

Etymology. From Greek, baios meaning small,
in reference to the diminutive size of the
species.

Distribution. Bass Strait, SA, WA; 7-59 m.

Remarks. This species is most similar to Gynodi-
asndis blax and G. pygmaeoinsolitaseta. Gynodi¬
astylis baios has a smooth carapace, while G. blax
has pair of dorsal ridges. The uropod tenninal
setae of G. baios are simple with a single subter¬
minal setule, while the uropod terminal setae of
G. pygmaeoinsolitaseta are complex and unique
to that species.

Gynodiastylis blax sp. nov.

Figures 157-158

Material e.xamined. Holotype. Australia. WA, Seven
Mile Beach, North of Dongara (29°12'S, I14°53'E), 1
m, mixed algae beneath overhang on reef, airlift,

G. C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, 22 Apr 1986 (stn
SWA 83), NMV J47961 (ovigerous female).

Paratype. Au.stralia. WA, Seven Mile Beach, North
of Dongara (29°12'S, 114°53'E), 1 m, mixed algae
beneath overhang on reef, airlift. G.C.B. Poore and

H. M. Lew Ton, 22 Apr 1986 (stn SWA 83), NMV
.147962 (1 ovigerous female dissected).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace with pair of dorsal ridges, otherwise smooth.
Eyelobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod 1 with propodus
less than half carpus length. Pereopod 2 dac¬
tylus with tine hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5
dactylus and terminal seta unmodified. Telson
much shorter than uropod peduncles. Uropod
rami without fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod
biarticulatc, slightly longer than exopod. Uropod
terminal setae microserrate with single sub-
temiinal sctulc. Body length 2.4 mm. Adult male.
Unknown.

Etymology. From Greek, meaning dull.
Distribution. Bass Strait, southern Australia; 1 m.

40

SARAH GERKEN

Remarks. This species can be distinguished from
most other small species of Gynodiastylis by the
single pair of dorsal ridges on the carapace; all
other small species have cither multiple ridges or
no ridges, except G. bicrislala. The ridges in
G. hicristata are much sharper and more pro¬
nounced, and the overall carapace is shorter and
has a pronounced arch shape dorsally, relative to
the carapace of G. hlax.

Gynodiastylis hicristata Caiman
Figure 159

Gvnodiash’lis hicristata Caiman, 1911: 374-376, pi.
36 figs 11-^22.—Zimmer, 1941: 27, fig. 27.—Hale,
1951: 358-359.—Zimmer. 1952: 28.—Gamo, 1968:
187.

Material examined. Syntypes, Gulf of Thailand, Koh
Kam 5-10 fm: between Koh Mesan and Cape Liant,
5-8 fm; Japan, 33°10 N 129°18'E, 40 fm. ZMC,
BMNH,

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadidt male. Cara¬
pace with pair of pronounced, sharp dorsal ridges,
carapace has arched shape dorsally and is
relatively short. Eyclobc without lenses. Pereo-
pod 1 with propodus less than half carpus length.
Pereopod 2 covered with fine hairlike .setae. Pere-
opods 3-5 dactylus and terminal seta unmodified.
TeKson much shorter than uropod peduncle
length, lateral margins smooth, without terminal
setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike setae.
Uropod endopod biarticulate, longer than exopod.
Uropod tcnninal setae simple. Body length 1.9
mm. Adult male. As in female, except with
exopods on maxilliped 3-pereopod 4. Body
length 1.7 mm.

Distribution. Japan, Gulf of Thailand (Koh Kam);
42-80 m.

Remarks. The distribution of this species is
unprecedented in the family, with specimens
reported from the Gulf of Thailand and Japan,
when the distributions of most species are con¬
fined to a subarea of a single country or continent.
This species is most similar to G. .sulcata.
However, G. sulcata is found on the coast of
South Africa. The two species are remarkably
alike, both bearing pair of large, .sharp dorsal
ridges on a relatively short, stout carapace. A
third species, collected from the Bass Strait and
southern Australia, very similar to both
G. hicristata and G. .sulcata, is present in the
collections of the Museum Victoria (pers. obs,
provisional n. sp. A).

Gynodiastylis carinata Caiman
Figure 160

Gynodiastylis carinata Caiman, 1911: 368-370, pi
35 figs 6-31.—Zimmer, 1913: 480.—Zimmer, 194 ]-
36, fig. 48.—Jones, 1963: 71-73, figs 313-334.

Gynodiastylis carinatus. —Stebbing, 1912: 147.—
Stebbing, 1913: 162, fig. 112.

Material examined. New Zealand, Lyttelton Harbour.
1-5 fm, ZMC.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadidt male. Cara¬
pace with several complete lateral and dorsolat¬
eral ridges. Eyclobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod I
propodus less than half carpus length. Pereopod 2
without fine hairlike setae. Percopods 3-5 dacty¬
lus and terminal seta unmodified. Telson much
shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral margins
smooth, without terminal setae. Uropod rami with
fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod biarticulate,
shorter than exopod. Uropod terminal setae
microserrate. Body length 4.0. Adult male. As in
female, with exopods on maxilliped 3-pereopod
2. Body length 2,9-3.0 mm.

Distribution. New Zealand; 0 10 m.

Remarks. This species is distinctive among the
New Zealand Gynodiastylis-grou'p fauna, in hav¬
ing several complete lateral ridges. All other
species from New Zealand, of both Gynodiastylis
and Axiogynodiastylis, have carapaces entirely
without lateral ridges.

Gynodiastylis carinirostris Hale
Figure 161

Gvnodiastvlis carinirostris Hale, 1946: 381-383, figs
16-17.

Material examined, llolotypc. Australia. NSW, Botany
Bay. off Kumell, 20 ft, SAM C2669 (female).

Other material. Au.stralia. Tas., eastern Bass Strait,
100 km NE of North Point, Flinders 1.. (38°52.6'S,
148°25.2'E), 140 m. fine sand, WHOl epibenthic sled,
R.S. WiLson, RV Tangaroa, 15 Nov 1981 (.stn BSS 170
S), NMVJ48218(1).

Diagnosis. Adult female and .subadult male. Cara¬
pace entirely smooth except for pair of sharp dor¬
sal carinac on the pseudorostmm. Eyclobe with 3
lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less than half caipus
length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae.
Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and terminal seta unmod¬
ified. Telson shorter than uropod peduncles, lat¬
eral margins smooth, with pair of stout terminal
setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike setae.
Uropod endopod triarticulatc, much longer than

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

41

exopod. Uropod terminal setae microserrate dis-
tally, with a single long subterminal setule. Body
length 4.7. Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. NSW. Bass Strait; 6-140 m.

Remarks. This species is similar to Gynodiastylis
profunda in having a smooth carapace in com¬
bination with a pair of sharp dorsal carinae on the
pseudorostrum. However, in G. profunda the
uropod endopod is uniarticulate in both sexes,
while in G. carinirostris the uropod endopod is
triarticulate in the female (unknown in the male).

Gynodiastylis costata Caiman
Figures 162-163

Gynodiastylis costata Caiman, 1911: 372-374, pi. 36
figs 1-10.—izimnier, 1952: 28.—Gamo, 1968: 187.

Gynodiastylis costatus. —Stebbing, 1912; 147.—
Stebbing, 1913; 163.—Gamo, 1962; 206-208, figs
39-40.—Gamo, 1963; 88.

Material examined. Gulf of Thailand, Koh Kam 20 fm;
North of Koh Chuen, 15 fm; between Koh Mesan and
Cape Liant. 5-8 fm, syntypes, ZMC, BMNH.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace with multiple complete and incomplete lat¬
eral ridges. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod 1
propodus less than half ca^us length. Pereopod 2
some articles covered with fine hairlike setae.
Pereopod 3 several articles covered with fine hair-
like setae. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and terminal
seta unmodified. Telson much shorter than uro¬
pod peduncles. Uropod rami without fine hairlike
setae. Uropod endopod biarticulate, longer than
exopod. Uropod terminal setae simple. Body
length 2.4. Adult male. As in female, with
exopods present on maxilliped 3-pereopod 2.
Body length 1.7-1.9 mm.

Distribution. Japan, Gulf of Thailand; 9-37 m.

Remarks. This species is most similar to Gynodi¬
astylis lata and G. carinata. Gynodiastylis cari-
nata is only known from New Zealand and is 3-4
mm in the adult stages, while G. costata is known
from Thailand and Japan and is 2.5 mm or less in
the adult stages. Gynodiastylis lata is of a similar
size, being 2 mm in length, but is found only in
Australia, and the uropod rami arc much more
disparate in size, with the uropod endopod being
much longer than the exopod. Gynodiastylis
costata is known from Thailand and Japan, and
the uropod rami are much more similar in size,
with the uropod endopod being only slightly
longer than the exopod.

Gynodiastylis curvirostris Day
Figure 164

Gynodiastylis ciindrostris Day, 1980: 205-208,
fig. 5.

Type material. Holotype. South Africa. S of Durban,
31°04'S 30°10'E, 72 m. South African Museum
A15275 (adult male, not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace smooth, unomamented, pseudorostnim ven-
trally directed. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod

1 propodus less than half carpus length. Pereopod

2 without fine hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5
dactylus and terminal seta unmodified. Telson
much shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral mar¬
gins smooth, with many fine setae distally. Uro¬
pod rami without fine hairlike setae. Uropod
endopod uniarticulate, longer than exopod. Uro¬
pod terminal setae microserrate with long setules
distally, with one longer subtcrminal setule. Body
length 1.8-2.4. .4dult male. As in female, with
exopods on maxilliped 3-pereopod 2. Body
length 2.6 mm

Distribution. South Africa; 37-75 m.

Remarks. The combination of a smooth carapace
and vcntrally directed pseudorostrum in both
sexes is unique in the genus, particularly since the
pseudorostrum direction tends to be sexually
dimorphic.

Gynodiastylis dikondyla sp. nov.

Figures 165-167

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. WA, Thistle
Cove, eastern end (34°0’S, 122°I2'E), 8 m, brown
algae, SCUBA, G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, 11
Apr 1984 (stn SWA 28), NMV J47990 (ovigerous
female).

Paratypes. Australia. Tas., eastern Bass Strait, 100
km NE of North Point, Flinders 1., (38°52.6'S,
148°25.2'E), 140 m, fine sand, WHOl epibenthic sled,
R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 15 Nov 1981 (stn BSS 170
S), NMV J48301 (1 SEM stub); eastern Bass Strait, 37
km NNE of Eddystone Point (40°43.8'S, 148°37.2'E),
67 m, muddy .sand, R.S. Wilson. RV Tangaroa, 14 Nov
1981 (stn BSS 164), NMV J47983 (1 ovigerous
female); eastern Bass Strait, 85 km NE of North Point.
Flinders I. (39°02.4'S, 148°30.6'E),. 120 m. muddy
sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 15 Nov 1981 (stn
BSS 169), NMV J47985 (1 ovigerous female. 1
subadull Icmalc); Tasman Sea, 15 km E of Maria 1.,
(42°37'S, 148‘’20'E), 102 m. WHOl epibenthic sled,
R.S. Wilson, RV Soela. 9 Oct 1984 (.stn S05/84 01),
NMV J47984 (1 ovigerous female); WA, Thistle Cove,
eastern end (.34°0’S, 122°12'E), 8 m, brown algae.

42

SARAH GERKEN

SCUBA. G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, II Apr
1984 (stn SWA 28), NMV J47989 (I ovigcrous female
dissected); SA, Tiparra Bay, Tiparra Reef west ground,
2.3 n. mi. W of Tiparra Light (34°4'S, I37°23'E), 10 m,
sponge, red and green algae, SCUBA. G.C.B. Poore
and H.M. Lew Ton. 15 Mar 1985 (stn SA 6), NMV
J47988 (l). .

Other material. Australia. Ba.ss Strait. 38°S, 148 E:
10 undetermined. NMV J47986; J47987.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace produced as pair of distinct rounded
swellings mid-dorsally, otherwise unomamented.
Eyelobe without lenses. Pcreopod 1 propodus less
than half carpus length. Percopod 2 without fine
hairlike setae. Pereopods 3—5 dactylus and termi¬
nal seta unmodified, stout and short. Telson much
shorter than uropod peduncles. Uropod rami with¬
out fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod uniartic-
ulate, slightly longer than exopod. Uropod termi¬
nal setae complex, w'ith many thin strands
terminally. Body length 4.3 mm. Adult male.
Unknown.

Etymology. From Greek, kondyla meaning promi¬
nence, di in reference to the large paired dorsal
prominences of the carapace.

Distribution. Bass Strait to WA; 8-130 m.

Remarks. This species is similar to Gynodiasty’lis
insolitaseta^ in both habitus and uropod terminal
setae. However, the paired prominences found
dorsally on the carapace are obvious. Multiple
individuals were present in the collection, there¬
fore it is unlikely that the dorsal prominences are
an aberration.

Gynodiastylis dilatata Hale
Figures 168-169

Gynodiastylis dilatata Hale, 1946: 372-375, figs
9-11.

Material e.xamined. Holotype. Australia. NSW, off
Eden, 30 m, coarse sand. K. Sheard. trawl. Oct 1943,
SAM C2704 (adult male).

Other material. Australia. NSW, 34°S, 151° E: AM
P55745; P56204; P56206: P610()5; P6I0I2.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male.
Unknown. Adult male. Carapace with complete
ventrolateral ridge and dorsolateral ridge, paired
posterior dorsal tumidities. Eyelobe with 3 lenses.
Pereopod 1 propodus less than half carpus length.
Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae, carpus
remarkably long. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and ter¬
minal seta unmodified. Exopods present on max-
illiped 3-percopod 4. Telson shorter than uropod
peduncles, lateral margins weakly serrate, with 1
or 2 pairs stout lateral setae and 1 pair stout

terminal setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlik^
setae. Uropod endopod biarticulate, longer thar
exopod. Uropod terminal setae simple. Bod;’
length 3.0 mm. ^

Distribution. NSW; 120-234 m.

Remarks. Hale (1946: 371) suggested that th<
female specimens he described as GynodiastydiJ
robusta might belong with this male. However, ir
the course of the present work, adult male G'
robusta were encountered and it is now clear that
G. dilatata is a separate species. Gynodiasty’lis
robusta has the third and fourth pereonites fused
in both the male and female, while in G. dilatata
the third and fourth pereonites are free.

Gynodiastylis fulgida Day
Figure 170

Gynodiastylis fulgida Day, 1980: 213-215, fig. 8.

Type material. Holotype. South Africa. Still Bay,
34°40'S 2I°39’E, 80 m. South African Museum
A15278 (ovigerous female, not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male.
Carapace with small, regularly spaced pits,
pseudorostrum w'cakly ventrally directed. Eye-
lobe without lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less
than half carpus length. Percopod 2 without fine
hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and termi¬
nal seta unmodified. Telson shorter than uropod
peduncles, lateral margins smooth and without
terminal setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike
setae. Uropod endopod uniarticulatc, equal to
exopod. Uropod terminal setae with single subter¬
minal setule. Body length 2.4-3.0 mm. Adult
male. Unknown.

Distribution. South Africa; 29-80 m.

Remarks. This species is most similar to Gynodi¬
astylis curvirostris. However, the carapace of G.
cuirirostris is smooth, and the carapace of G.
fulgida has regularly spaced small pits. Also, the
uropod terminal setae of G. fulgida are simple
with a single subtcrminal setule, while the uropod
terminal setae of G. ettn’irostris are complex,
covered with long setules distally and with a
single longer subtcrminal setule.

Gynodiastylis hartmeyeri Zimmer
Figure 171

Gvnodiastvlis hartmeyeri Zimmer, 1914: 187, fig.

14.-Hale. 1951:359.

Type material. Australia. WA, Cape Heirisson, 26°orS
ri3°2rE, 11-12.5 m, ZMB (not seen).

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

43

Material examined. Australia. Tas., Vic. Bass Strait,
NSW. 34-43°S, 147-15 TE: 11 ovigerous females, I
subadult female, 1 male, 1 undetermined. NMV
J48225; J48226; J48227; J48228; AM P61()28.

Diagnosis. Adult female and suhadult male. Cara¬
pace smooth and unomamented. Eyelobc without
lenses. Pereopod I propodus less than half carpus
length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae.
Pereopods 3—5 dactylus and terminal seta unmod¬
ified. Telson shorter than uropod peduncles, lat¬
eral margins smooth and without terminal setae.
Uropod rami without fine hairlike setae. Uropod
endopod triarticulate, longer than exopod. Uro¬
pod terminal simple. Body length 2.3 mm. Adidl
male. Unknown

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait, WA; 8-122 m.

Remarks. The drawings and description in
Zimmer (1914) are nearly useless, both G.
hartmeyeri and G. similis being described and
illustrated almost identically. Redescription of
the species is necessary. Hale (1951: 359) stated
“the distal half of the telson is subtriangular as
seen from above, not rounded as in the related
similis.”

Gynodiastylis insoUtaseta sp. nov.

Figures 172-177

Material examined, llolotype. Australia. WA, North¬
west Shelf, between Port Hedland and Dampier
(19°37'S, 118°53’E), 30 m, coarse shell. WHOI epiben-
thic sled, G.C.B. Poore and II.M. Lew Ton, Soela, RV.
3 Jun 1983 (stn NWA 14). NMV J48051 (ovigerous
female).

Paratypes. Australia. WA, Northwest Shelf, between
Port Hedland and Dampier (I9°37'S. 118''53'E), 30 m,
coarse shell, W'HOI epibenthic sled, G.C.B. Poore and
H.M. Lew Ton. RV Suela. 3 Jun 1983 (stn NWA 14).
NMV J48053 (1 ovigerous female dis.sccted). Locality?
AM P55790 (1 subadult female dissected); P55790 (1
adult male dissected); P45827 (2 ovigerous females, 10
subadult females, 5 adult males).

Other material. Australia.Tas., Bass Strait, WA,
NSW. 19-38°S, 118 ISUE: 6 ovigerous females, 41
subadult females. 5 adult males, 12 subadult male, 8
undetennined. NMV numerous registrations; AM
P45827; P55790; P61030; P61031.

Diagnosis. Adult female and suhadult male. Cara¬
pace smooth and unornamented. Eyelobe without
lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less than hall carpus
length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae.
Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and tenninal .seta unmod¬
ified. Telson shorter than uropod peduncles, lat¬
eral margins lined with fine hairlike .setae, and
without terminal setae. Uropod rami without fine
hairlike setae. Uropod endopod uniarticulatc.

equal in length to exopod. Uropod terminal setae
complex, produced as many individual strands
terminally. Body length 6.6 mm. Adult male. As
in female, except telson without lateral hairlike
setae. Exopods present on maxillipcd 3-pereopod
4. Uropod endopod slightly shorter than exopod.
Body length 3.0 mm.

Etymology’. From Latin, insolita meaning
unusual, odd or queer, in combination with
setus referring to the terminal setae on the
uropods.

Distribution. NSW to WA; 21—10 m.

Remarks. The terminal setae on the uropods arc
very complex. Gynodiastylis pygmaeoinsolita-
seta is very similar to G. insoUtaseta in overall
appearance. However, the species can be dis¬
tinguished on the basis of the different uropod
terminal setae and overall body length as
G. insoUtaseta is much larger than G. pygmaeoin-
solitaseta, despite the vast difference in size
between the ovigerous female and adult male
G. insolita.seta.

Gynodiastylis jazdzewskii Blazcwicz and Heard
Figure 178

Gynodiastvlis jazdzewskii Blazcwicz and Heard,
1999; 362-367, figs 1-2.

Type material. Holotypc. Antarctica. Ross Sea,
76°()1.5’-01.0'S. I79°49.9’-52.3 E. 388-399 m, Feb
1972, USNM 243165 (adult male, damaged, not
seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and .subadult male.
Unknown. Adult male. Carapace with many
small, irregular, wavy ridges and scattered tuber¬
cles. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod 1 propo¬
dus less than half carpus length. Pereopod 2 with¬
out fine hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus
and terminal seta unmodified. Exopods present on
maxillipcd 3-pcrcopod 4. Telson shorter than
uropod peduncles, lateral margins serrate and
with 1 pair slender lateral setae and 1 pair stout
terminal setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike
setae. Uropod endopod biarticulatc, equal to exo-
pod. Uropod terminal setae simple. Body length
3.2 mm.

Distribution. Ross Sea, Antarctica; 388-399 m.

Remarks. This species is the first record of the
Gynodiastylidae in Antarctica. The specimen is
damaged, but clearly belongs in the A.xiogj'nodi-
astylis-Gynodiustylis group; final determination
of the appropriate genus depends upon collection
of the female of the species.

44

SARAH GERKEN

Gynodiastylis koatauta sp. nov.

Figures 179-181

Material examined. Holotype. New Zealand. Karamea
Bight, 40°55.I9'S. ITPSy.SO'E. 154 m, 9 Feb 1983.
(stn S397 E), NIWA H-805 (adult male).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadidt male.
Unknown. Adult male. Carapace smooth, unoma-
mented, antennal notch deep. Eyelobe without
lenses. Pereopod I propodus less than half carpus
length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae.
Pcrcopods 3-5 dactylus with bumps or teeth on
margin, terminal setae dentate. E.xopods present
on maxilliped 3-pereopod 4. Telson equal in
length to uropod peduncles, lateral margins
smooth, with 1 pair stout tenninal setae. Uropod
exopod lateral margin lined with fine hairlike
setae. Uropod cndopod biarticulate, longer than
exopod. Uropod endopod terminal seta finely
microserrate with single subterminal setule, exo¬
pod temiinal setae microserrate with long setules
and single very long subterminal setule. Body
length 2.4 mm.

Etymolog}’. From the Maori, koataata meaning
translucent, in reference to the translucent or
transparent nature of the holotype.

Distribution. New Zealand; 154 m.

Remarks. The most similar species in New
Zealand is A.xiog\modiastylis kopua, which
can be distinguished from G. koataata by the
uniarticulate uropod endopod.

Gynodiastylis lata Hale
Figure 182A-H

Gvnodiastvlis lata Hale, 1946: 366-369, figs 5-6.
—Hale. 1951: 359.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Qld, Moreton
Bay, Myora Bight, surface, SAM C2638 (ovigerous
female).

Paratype. Australia. Qld, Moreton Bay. Myora Bight,
surface, SAM C2639 (adult male).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait. WA.
NSW. 29-39"S. 114 I5I°E: 2 ovigerous females, 5
subadult females, 3 subadult males. NMV J48242:
J48243; J40666; AM P22650; P46795; P52870.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace subtriangular in dorsal view, with many
complete and incomplete lateral ridges, weak lat¬
eral sulcus. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod I
propodus less than half carpus length. Pereopod 2
without fine hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5 dacty¬
lus and terminal seta unmodified. Telson shorter
than uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth

and without terminal setae. Uropod rami wit|-i.
out fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod biarticu-
late, shorter than exopod. Uropod tenningl
setae simple. Body length 2.2 mm. .Adult mate.
As in female, exeept carapace subrectangulgr
in dorsal view. Eyelobe with 3 lenses. Exopoqs
on maxilliped 3-percopod 4. Body length 2,0
mm.

Distribution. Qld to WA; 120-1119 m.

Remarks. This species is most similar to Gynodj.
astylis bicristata and G. costata. Gynodicj.
st}’lis bicristata has a pair of large, sharp dors(il
ridges bounding the dorsal depression; G. lata
has no such dorsal ridges. In G. costata the urq.
pod rami are subequal in length, while in G. lata
the uropod endopod is much longer than the
exopod.

Gynodiastylis lineata Day
Figure 183

GynodiastylE lineata Day, 1980: 210-213, fig. 7.

Type material. Holotype. South Africa. N of Durban,
off Tongaat, 29°34'S 3I°I7'E, 54 m. South African
Museum A15727 (ovigerous female, not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace with many complete and incomplete lateral
ridges. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod I
propodus less than half carpus length. Pereopod
w'ith fine hairlike setae on margins of merus and
carpus. Pereopods 3-5 with fine hairlike setat;
covering several articles; dactylus and terminal
seta unmodified. Telson shorter than uropod
peduncles, lateral margins .smooth and without
terminal setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlikq
setae. Uropod endopod uniarticulate, longer than
exopod. Uropod tenninal setae simple. Body
length 2.4-3.4 mm. Adult male. As in female,
except with exopods on maxilliped 3-pcreopod 4,
Uropod endopod biarticulate. Body length
2.6-2.9 mm.

Distribution. South Africa; 50 103 m.

Remarks. The carapace of this species is most
similar to Axiogynodiast\'lis rochfordi. However,
in A. rochfordi the uropod endopod is triarticulatc
in both sexes, while in Gynodiastylis lineata the
uropod endopod is uniarticulate in the female and
biarticulate in the male. However, it must be
noted that the common pattern in the Ciynodi-
astylidae is for the male to have fewer articles in
the uropod endopod than the female. It is possible
that this species exhibits the reverse pattern, with
fewer articles in the female uropod exopod, or
that the figures are mislabeled.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

45

Gynodiastylis megasiphon sp. nov.

Figures 184-187

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Vic., central
Bass Strait, 57 km S of Rodondo 1. (39°43.5'S,
146°18.8'E), 80 m, muddy shell, R.S. Wilson, RV Tan-
garoa. 13 Nov 1981 (stn HSS 159), NMV J48098
(ovigcrous female).

Paratypcs. Australia. Vic., central Bass Strait, 57 km
Sof Rodondo I. (39°43.5'S. I46“I8.8'E), 80 m. muddy
shell, R.S. Wilson, RV Tungaroa, 13 Nov 1981 (stn
BSS 159), NMV J4810I (2 ovigcrous females); Tas.,
eastern Bass Strait, 100 km NE of North Point, Flinders
1., (38°52.6'S, I48°25,2'E), 140 m, fine sand, WHOI
epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson, RV Taiigaroa. 15 Nov
1981 (stn BSS 170 S), NMV J48288 (1 adult male dis¬
sected); J48266 (I ovigerous female dissected).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, Vic.,
NSW, 34^0'’S, 146-15TE: 2 ovigcrous females, 3
subadult females, 8 undetermined. NMV J48099;
J48100; J48102; J48103; J48I04; J48105; J48106;
J48267; AM P55768; P55778.

Diagnosis. Adult female and .subadult male. Cara¬
pace with entire ventrolateral ridge, with pair of
dorsal ridges, anterodorsal swelling. Eyelobe with
3 lenses. Siphon as long or longer than carapace.
Pereopod I propodus more than half carpus
length. Pereopod 2 with fine hairlike setae cover¬
ing merus-propodus. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus
and terminal seta unmodified. Pereopod 4 pro¬
duced as di.stinct. large lobes on basis;, ischium
and menis. Telson equal in length to uropod
peduneles, lateral margins serrate, bearing 1 pair
stout lateral setae and 1 pair stout terminal
setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike setae.
Uropod endopod triarticulate, equal to exopod.
Uropod tenninal setae with single subterminal
setule. Body length 3.7 mm. Adult male. As in
female, exeept with exopods on maxilliped
3-pereopod 4. Uropod endopod biartieulate.
Body length 3.6 mm.

Etymology. Megasiphon in reference to the
extremely long siphon.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 45-188 m.

Remarks. This .species is similar to Gynodiastylis
robusia. However, it can be distinguished by the
following characteristics; the siphon is extremely
long, the carapace has a different ridge pattern,
the carpus and propodus of pereopod 1 are elon¬
gate, pereopod 2 is as long as the carapace, and
pereonites 3 and 4 arc free. In comparison, in G.
rohiista, the siphon is shorter than the carapace,
the carapace has a boxy shape, pereopod I is less
elongate, pereopod 2 is shorter than the carapace,
and pereonites 3 and 4 are fused.

Gynodiastylis milleri Jones
Figure 188

Gynodiastylis milleri Jones, 1963; 75-76, figs
343-350.

Type material. Holotype. New Zealand, Auckland,
Devonporl Wharf, 3 fm. New Zealand Oceanographic
Institute (now NIWA) No. 10 (female, not seen).

Other material. Australia. Flinders 1., “The Hotspot”
reef, 5 n miles W of N end of Flinders 1. (33°40.50'S,
I34°22.()()'E), 17 m, tufted red algae on fiat rock face,
SCUBA. G.(7.B. Poore, FV Limnos, 19 Apr 1985 (stn
SA 63). NMV J48246 (I). Giles Point, by boat ramp
(35°3'S, I3746 E), 1 m, tufted algae on limestone reef,
G.C.B. Poore and I l.M. Lew Ton, 19 Mar 1985 (stn SA
38), NMV J48247 (3).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace with few incomplete lateral ridges on the
anterior half of the carapace. Eyelobe with 3
lenses. Pereopod I propodus less than half carpus
length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae.
Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and tcmiinal seta unmod¬
ified. Telson shorter than uropod peduncles, lat¬
eral margins serrate and with 1 pair stout terminal
setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike setae.
Uropod endopod biartieulate, longer than exopod.
Uropod terminal setae simple. Body length 4.0
mm. Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. SA, New Zealand; 1-17 m.

Remarks. In Jones (1963) the figure labelled pere¬
opod 3 is clearly a maxilliped 3 rather than
pereopod 3. This species can be distinguished
from Gynodiastylis carinata by the lesser number
of ridges.

Gynodiastylis multicarinata sp. nov.
Figures 189-190

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., eastern
Bass Strait. 30 km N of North Point, Flinders I.,
(39°26,3'S, 147°48.7'E), 49 m, medium sand, WHOI
epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 17 Nov
1981 (stn BSS 173 S), NMV J48006 (I ovigerous
female).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace with many complete and incomplete lateral
ridges. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod 1
propodus less than half carpus length. Pereopod 2
with fine hairlike setae on merus and carpus.
Pereopods 3-5 with fine hairlike setae covering
several articles; dactylus and terminal seta
unmodified. Telson shorter than uropod pedun¬
cles, lateral margins smooth and without terminal
setae. Uropod rami with fine hairlike setae or bris¬
tles. Uropod endopod biartieulate, longer than

46

SARAH GERKEN

exopod. Uropod terminal setae with single subtcr-
minal setiile. Body length 2.3 mm. Adult male.
Unknown.

Etymology. From Latin, carinatus meaning ridge
and multi referring to the plethora of horizontal
ridges present on the carapace.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 49 m.

Remarks. This species is similar to Gynodiastylis
lata and G. bicristata. In G. bicristata, a pair of
large sharp dorsal ridges are present; no such
ridges are present in G. multicarinata. In G. lata,
a lateral sulcus is present in the carapace; no such
sulcus is present in G. multicarinata.

Gynodiastylis nitida Harada
Figure 191

GynodiasIvUs nitida Harada. 1962; 295-297, tig.
I.—'Gamo, 1963; 88.—Gamo. 1968; 186.

Gynodiastylis nilidus. —Day, 1980; 202.

Type material. Holotype. Japan, off Sirahama and Shi-
moda, Giinchuko, 10-30 m, deposition unknown (not
seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace smooth and unomamented. Eyclobe with 6
lenses. Pereopod I propodus less than half carpus
length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae.
Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and terminal seta unmod¬
ified. Telson equal in length to uropod peduncles,
lateral margins smooth and with 1 pair tiny ter¬
minal setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike
setae. Uropod endopod uniarticulate, equal in
length to exopod. Uropod terminal setae with a
single long subterminal setule. Body length 4.4
mm. Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution, .lapan; 10-30 m.

Remarks. In Japanese waters, the most similar
species is Gynodiastylis rotundicaudata. How¬
ever, G. nitida has a pointed rather than round tel¬
son, and does not have a membranous lamellae on
the medial margin of the carpus of pereopod I.

Gynodiastylis nordaustraliana Bacescu
Figure 192

Gynodiastylis nordaustraliana BScescu, 1991; 9-13,
fig. 2

Type material. Holotype. Australia. WA, North-west
Shelf, I9°04'S. ll8°5rE, 81 m, “Grigore Antipa”
Museum, Bucharest (damaged female, not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and .subadult male. Cara¬
pace with many lateral ridges posterior of a ridge
sweeping dorsally from the anterolateral comer.

Eyelobc with 3 lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less
than half carpus length. Pereopod 2 with fine hair¬
like setae on margins. Pereopods 3-5 with fine
hairlike setae covering several articles, basis with
many stout teeth, dactylus and terminal seta
unmodified. Telson longer than uropod pedun¬
cles, lateral margins serrate and with 1 pair stout
terminal setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike
setae. Uropod endopod triarticulate, longer than
exopod. Uropod tcmiinal setae microserrate with
single long subtemiinal setule. Body length
4.3^.5 mm. Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. North-western Australia; 81 m.

Remarks. There is no lateral view, nor any indica¬
tion of antennae on Baccscu’s (1991) illustra¬
tions. He noted the two specimens were very
damaged. Also, figure 2F is apparently pereopod
4, as stated in the legend, not maxilliped 3 as
stated in the text. This species is similar to A.xiog-
ynodiastylis rochfordi and Gynodiastylis multi¬
carinata in the possession of multiple lateral
ridges on the carapace. Neither A. rochfordi nor
G. multicarinata have a ridge sweeping anteriorly
from the anteroventral corner of the carapace,
while G. nordaustraliana does have such a ridge.

Gynodiastylis platycarpus Gamo
Figure 193

Gynodiastylis platycarpus Gamo, 1961; 105-108,
figs 1-2.—Harada. 1962; 297-299, figs 2-3.—Gamo,
1963; 88.—Gamo. 1968; 186.—Day 1980; 202.

Type material. Holotype. Japan, Sagami Bay, off
Manazuru. 20-30 m, deposition unknown (not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace with 1 short ridge on pseudorostral lobe (not
on pseudorostrum proper), with dorsal dark spots.
Eyelobe with 2 lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less
than half carpus length. Pereopod 2 without fine
hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus temiinal
seta dentate. Telson shorter than uropod pedun¬
cles, lateral margins serrate, with I pair lateral
setae and I pair stout terminal setae. Uropod rami
without fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod triar¬
ticulate, equal to exopod. Uropod temiinal setae
simple. Body length 3.7-3.9 mm. Adult male. As
in female, except carapace without dark spots,
with exopods on maxilliped 3-pereopod 3. Body
length 2.2 mm.

Distribution. Japan; 20-30 m.

Remarks. According to Gamo (1961), even in liv¬
ing aninrals, the dark spots on the carapace that
are evident in the female are not found on the

I.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

47

male. The most similar species is Gynodiastylis
harlmeyeri, which can be distinguished by the tel-
son more than half the length of the uropod
peduncle, while in G. platycarpus the telson is
less than half the length of the uropod peduncle.

Gynodiastylis polita Hale
Figure 194

Gynodiastylis polita Hale, 1946: 384—387, figs
19-20.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. NSW, off
Eden, 60 m, SAM C2712 (ovigerous female).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, Vic.,
37-42°S, 148-149°E: 50 females, II males. NMV
J48219; J48220; J4822I:J48222;J48223;J48224.

Diagnosis. Adult female and suhadult male. Cara¬
pace with indistinct incomplete midlatcral ridge
on anterior portion of carapace. Eyelobc with 3
lenses. Pereopod I propodus less than half carpus
length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae.
Pereopods 3-5 without fine hairlike setae, dacty-
lus and terminal seta unmodified. Telson shorter
than uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth,
with 1 pair stout terminal setae. Uropod rami
without fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod triar-
ticulate, longer than exopod. Uropod tenninal
setae with single long subterminal setule. Body
length 2.9 mm. Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 43-1264 m.

Remarks. This species resembles G. hartmeyeri.
However, G. polita is larger, and the telson is
armed.

Gynodiastylis profunda Day
Figure 195

Gynodiastylis profundus Day, 1980: 208-210, fig. 6.

Type material. Holotype. .South Africa. Mozambique
Channel, 27°59'S, 32°40’E, 550 m. South African
Museum A15726 (ovigerous female, not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and suhadult male. Cara¬
pace smooth, unoniamented except for pair of
dorsal carinac on pseudoro.stnim. Eyclobc with¬
out lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less than half
carpus length, carpus with median hyaline fringe.
Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike .setae. Pereopods
3-5 dactylus and tenninal seta unmodified. Tel¬
son shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral mar¬
gins smooth, without terminal setae. Uropod rami
without fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod
uniarticulate, longer than exopod. Uropod tenni¬
nal setae microserrate distally with long setules,
with a single very long subterminal setule. Body

length 3.5^.2 mm. Adult male. As in female,
except with exopods on maxilliped 3-pereopod 4.
Body length 3.7—4.6 mm.

Distribution. South Africa; 51-680 m.

Remarks. This species is similar to Gynodiastylis
carinirostris. However, in G. profunda the
uropod endopod is uniarticulate, while in G.
carinirostris, the uropod endopod is triarticulate.

Gynodiastylis pyginaeoinsolitaseta sp. nov.
Figures 196-198

Material examined. Holotype. Australia, WA, North
Lumps. 2 km off Mullaloo (3I'’47.30'S, 115°42,80'E),

6 m, red algal turf on top of reef, SCUBA, G.C.B. Poore
and H.M. Lew Ton, 2 May 1986 (stn SWA 107), NMV
J48066 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia. Vic., Tasman Sea, eastern
slope, 50 km S of Mallacoota (38”06.2'S, I49‘’45.5'E).
188 m, WHOl epibenthic sled, R.S. Wilson, RV Soela.
14 Oct 1984 (stn S05/84 30), NMV J48059 (22 oviger¬
ous females); Tas., central Bass Strait, 25 km SW of
Cape Frankland, Flinders 1. (40°09.4'S. 147°32,6'E).
51 m, shelly sand, R.S. Wilson, RV Tangaroa, 14 Nov
1981 (stn BSS 162), NMV J48058 (11 adult male); Port
Phillip Bay, northern section (37'’53.0 S, 144°5L5'E),
8 m, sand. Smith-McIntyre grab, G.C.B. Poore and S.F.
Rainer et ah. FV Melita, 7 Jun 1971 (sin PPBES 901),
NMV J48063 (I ovigerous female dissected); J48064 (I
adult male dissected).

Other material. Australia. Bass Strait, Vic., SA.
NSW, 33-39°S, 134-150°E: 1 subadult male, 1
subadult female, 21 undetermined. NMV numerous
registrations; AM.

Diagnosis. Adult female and suhadult male. Cara¬
pace smooth and unornamented. Eyclobc with 2
lenses. Pereopod I propodus less than half carpus
length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae.
Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and tenninal seta unmod¬
ified. Telson shorter than uropod peduncles, lat¬
eral margins thickly lined with fine hairlike setae,
and with I pair stout terminal setae. Uropod rami
without fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod triar¬
ticulate, longer than exopod. Uropod terminal
setae complex, microserrate distally with long
setules, tip expanded into disk covered with bris¬
tles, with single very long subtcnninal setule.
Body length 2.0-2.4 mm. Adult male. As in
female, except with exopods on maxilliped
3-percopod 4. Telson without fine hairlike setae
on lateral margin. Body length 2.8 mm.

Etymology. From Latin, pygmaeus meaning
dwarf, insolitus meaning unusual or odd, and
■setus in reference to the uropod terminal setae.

Distribution. NSW to WA; 2-188 m.

48

SARAH GERKEN

Remarks. This species is similar to all the small
species of Gynodiasty'lis with smooth, unoma-
mcntcd carapaces. However, the uropod terminal
setae of G. pvgmaeoinsolilaseta are unique within
the genus.

Gynodiastylis robusta Hale
Figures 199-203

Gynodiastylis robusta Hale, 1946: 369-371, figs 7-8.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., ofTBabel
1., 0-50 m, SAM C2724 (ovigerous female).

Other material. Australia. Tas.. Bass Strait, NSW,
Indonesia. Gag I., 34-42°S. 144 I51“E; 13 ovigerous
females, 51 subadult females. 7 adult males. 23
subadult males, 1 manca 1. 10 undetermined. NMV
numerous registrations: AM numerous registrations.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadidt male. Cara¬
pace with single ventral ridge running entire
length of carapace, with paired ridges on frontal
lobe, with deep lateral sulcus. Siphon short. Perc-
onites 3-4 fused. Eyclobc with 3 lenses. Percopod
1 propodus more than half carpus length. Perco¬
pod 2 without fine hairlike setae. Pcrcopods 3-5
dactylus and tenninal seta unmodified. Telson
shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral margins
serrate, with 1 pair stout lateral setae and I pair
stout terminal setae. Uropod rami without fine
hairlike setae. Uropod endopod triarticulale,
equal to exopod. Uropod tenninal setae with
single subterminal setule. Body length 4.4 mm.
Adult mate. As in female, except with exopods
on maxillipcd 3-pcreopod 4. Uropod endopod
biarticulate. Body length 3.2 mm.

Distribution. NSW, Tas., Bass Strait; 50-1424 m.

Remarks. This species is remarkable for the rela¬
tively long propodus on percopod 1, the boxy
(stout) carapace shape, and the fusion of pere-
onites 3 and 4 (unique within the family). The
most similar species is Gynodiastylis
megasiphon. However, the siphon of G.
megasiphon is longer than the carapace, while the
siphon of G. robusta is much shorter than the
carapace.

Gvnodiastylis rotundicaudata Gamo
Figure 204

Gvnodiastvlis rotundicaudatus Gamo, 1961:
106-109, figs 3^.—Gamo, 1963: 88.—Day, 1980:
202 .

Gvnodiastylis rotundicaudata Gamo, 1968: 186.

Type material. Japan, Sagami Bay, off Manazuru,
deposition unknown (not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara,
pace smooth, without ornamentation. Eyelobk
without lenses. Percopod I propodus less thm
half carpus length, carpus with medial hyalint
fringe. Percopod 2 without fine hairlike setae
Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and tenninal seta unmod¬
ified. Telson equal in length to uropod peduncles
lateral margins smooth and lined with fine hair¬
like setae, with 1 pair tiny tenninal setae. Uropoc
peduncle and endopod medial margins lined with,
fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod uniarticulate.
longer than exopod. Uropod terminal setae with a
single subterminal setule. Body length 4.4 mm.
Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. Japan.

Remarks. In the original description by Gamo
(1961), the figure legends arc incorrect. The fig¬
ure labelled as Figure 2 is clearly the full body
drawing of the holotype of Gynodiastylis rotumli-
caudata, rather than G. platycarpus appendages,
as the figure legend states; consequently, the fig¬
ure labelled Figure 3 should be Figure 2. This
.species is based on a single specimen, col¬
lected by Gamo, and the deposition of the
holotype is unknown; no other specimens have
been collected. The mosl similar species arc
G. hartmeyeri, G. similis, G. carinirostris,
and G. platycarpus. However, G. hartmeyeri, G.
similis, and C. cctrinirostris have endopods with 2
or 3 articles, and G. platycarpus has a telson
much shorter than the uropod peduncles, with a
distinct stout pair of tenninal setae. In compari¬
son, G. rotundicaudata has an uniarticulate
uropod endopod and the telson is equal in length
to the uropod peduncles and bears a pair of tiny
terminal setae.

Gynodiastylis rtigosa sp. nov.

Figures 205-206

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. WA, ESE of
Penguin I., Wambro Sound. 32°18.5 S, I I5°41.6'E, 7
Nov 90. 3 m, AM P41250 (ovigerous female).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace with many incomplete wavy ridge.s, giving
the carapace a rough appearance, with a lateral
depression in the anterior half of the carapace, and
dorsal carinae on the pscudorostrum. Eyelobe
without lemscs. Percopod 1 propodus less than
half carpus length. Percopod 2 with fine hairlike
setae on distal articles. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus
with teeth or bumps on the medial margin, ter¬
minal seta unmodified. Telson slightly shorter
than uropod peduncles, lateral margins weakly

i

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

49

serrate, bearing 1 pair stout lateral setae and 1 pair
stout terminal setae. Uropod rami margins lined
with fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod triar-
ticulate, much longer than exopod. Uropod termi¬
nal setae terminally dentate with a single long
plumose tenninal setulc. Body length 9.0 mm.
Adult male. Unknown.

Etymology. From Latin, riigosa, meaning wrin¬
kled or shriveled, in reference to the rugose cara¬
pace.

DLstribution. WA; 3 m.

Remark.t. Only the holotype was observed. How¬
ever, this species is distinctive in both size and
carapace morphology. The only other species that
achieves a similar size is Gynodia.stylis ampla.
Gynodiastvlis rugosa can be differentiated from
G. c;m/;/a easily; in G. ampla, the rami of the
uropods are equal in length, while in G. rugo.sa
the uropod endopod is much longer than the
exopod.

Gynodiastylis sierra sp. nov.

Figures 207—208

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., western
Bass Strait, 59 km WNW of Cape Farewell, King 1.
(39°28'S, I43°I7'E), 103 m, coarse sand. Smith-
Mclntyre grab. G.C.B. Poore, HMAS Kimbla. 10 Oct
1980 (stn BSS 81), NMV J45311 (ovigeroiis female).

Diagnosis. .Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace with paired dorsal ridges of spines, with a
solitary medial dorsal ridge of spines on the
frontal lobe. Eyclobe without lenses. Pereopod 1
propodus less than half carpus length. Pereopod 2
with fine hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5 with fine
hairlike setae covering several articles; dactylus
and terminal seta unmodified. Telson shorter than
uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth, with 1
pair tiny tenninal setae. Uropod endopod article 1
with fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod biartic-
ulate, equal to exopod. Uropod terminal setae
finely microserratc with a single subtenninal
setule. Body length 2.8 mm. Adult male.
Unknown.

Etymology. From Latin, sierra meaning with a
jagged skyline.

Distribution. Bass Strait; 103 m.

Remarks. The architecture of the carapace is
very unusual, with 3 ridges of spines dorsally on
the frontal lobe. Unfortunately, only the holo¬
type is known, despite thorough searching of the
collections of Museum Victoria.

Gynodiastylis similis Zimmer
Figure 209

Cvnodiastviis simili.^ Zimmer, 1914: 189, figs
15-16.—Hale, 1936: 418-419, fig. 9.—Zimmer, 1941:
66, fig. 101.

Type material. Holotype. Australia. WA, Shark Bay,
NW of Middle Bluff, 7-8 fm, ZMB (female, not seen).

Material examined. Australia. Vic., Bass Strait. WA,
29-42°S. I I4-150"E: 7 ovigerous females, 11 subadult
females. 3 adult males, 9 subadult males. NMV J40664;
J20707; .122172; J45288; J40665; .140663; AM P55749.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace smooth and unomamented. Eyelobe without
lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less than half carpus
length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae.
Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and tenninal seta unmod¬
ified. Telson shorter than uropod peduncles,
lateral margins smooth, without terminal setae.
Uropod rami covered with fine hairlike setae.
Uropod endopod biarticulate, equal to exopod.
Uropod terminal setae simple. Body length
2.0-2.2 mm. Adult male. As in female, except
with exopods on maxilliped 3 pereopod 4.
Uropod endopod uniarticulate. Body length 1.8-
2.0 mm.

Distribution. Bass Strait, WA; 3-400 m.

Remarks. The drawings of this species in the orig¬
inal description by Zimmer (1914) are vei^ sim¬
plified and w'eakly detailed. This species is most
similar to Gynodiastylis hartmeyeri, but can be
distinguished by the biarticulate uropod endopod
in the female and uniarticulate endopod in the
male, as the uropod endopod is triarticulate in
G. hartmeyeri.

Gynodiastylis strumosa Hale
Figure 210

Cvnodiasti'lis strumosa Hale, 1946: 407^09, figs
35-36.

Material examined. Holotype. Australia. Tas., oft Babel
I., 39°55'S, 148‘’3rE, 0-50 m, SAM C2726 (ovigerous
female).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, Vic.,
WA, NSW, I9-40°S, 118-I51°E: 22 ovigerous
females, 14 subadult females. NMV J40661; J40662:
J39672; J22I39; J39669; J45646; J45275; J22086;
J39686; J20670; AM P56230; P42013; P6I05().

Diagnosis. Adult female and .subadult male.
Carapace with weak ridges and tumidities, with a
lateral sulcus. Eyelobe without lenses. Pereopod
1 broken. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike
setae. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and terminal seta

50

SARAH GERKEN

unmodified. Telson shorter than uropod pedun¬
cles, lateral margins serrate, with I pair stout lat¬
eral .setae and 1 pair stout terminal setae. Uropod
rami without fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod
triarticulate, longer than exopod. Uropod terminal
setae simple. Body length 4.1 mm. Adult mate.
Unknown.

Distribution. NSW to WA; 22-200 m.

Remarks. Hale’s specimen and all the specimens
observed in this study have pereopod 1 broken,
therefore it is not entirely certain that this species
is in fact a Gynodiastylis.

Gynodiastylis suhtilis Hale
Figure 211

Gynodiastylis suhtilis Hale, 1946: 379-381, figs
14-15.

Material e.xamined. Holotype. Australia. NSW.
Ulladulla, 75 in, SAM C2671 (subadult female).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, WA,
NSW. 19-40'’S. II5-15rE: 9 ovigerous females. 7
subadult females, 2 subadult males. 1 adult male. NMV
J45271; J39665: J45268: J45263: J39664; J20665;
320659; AM P55807; P55796.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace smooth and shiny, with a single partial
anteroventral ridge, extending 0.3 the carapace
length. Eyclobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod 1 propo-
dus less than half carpus length. Pereopod 2 with¬
out fine hairlike setae. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus
and terminal seta unmodified. Telson slightly
shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral margins
serrate, with 1 or 2 pairs stout lateral setae and I
pair stout terminal setae. Uropod rami without
fine hairlike setae. Uropod endopod triarticulate,
longer than e,\opod. Uropod terminal setae with
single subterminal sctule. Body length 4.4 mm.
Adult male. Unknown.

Distribution. NSW to WA; 30-82 m.

Remarks. This species is superficially similar to
Gynodiastylis polita. However, in G. polita the
telson is much shorter than the uropod peduncles
and the lateral margins are smooth, while in G.
subtilis the telson is only slightly shorter than the
uropod peduncles, and the lateral margins are
strongly serrate.

Gynodiastylis sulcata Day
Figure 212

Gynodiastylis sidcatus Day, 1980; 203-205, figs 3-4.

Type material. Holotype. South Africa, near Durban,
off Hibberdene, 30°37'S 30°40 E, 74 m. South African
Museum A15724 (ovigerous female, not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara
pace concave middorsally between pair of larg»,
sharp dorsolateral ridges, with 3 short latera
ridges posteriorly and I ventrolateral ridgt
extending the length of the carapace. Eyelobt
without lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less than
half carpus length. Pereopod 2 without fine hair¬
like setae. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and terminal
seta unmodified. Telson shorter than uropod
peduncles, lateral margins smooth, without ter¬
minal setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike
setae. Uropod endopod biarticulate, longer than
exopod. Uropod terminal setae simple. Body
length 2.7 mm. .Adult mule. As in female, except
with exopods on maxilliped 3-pereopod 4. Body
length 2.7 mm.

Distribution. South Africa; 60-86 m.

Remarks. This species is most similar to Gynodi-
a.stylis bicristata. Flowever, the uropod exopod
articles are of equal length in G. sulcata, while in
G. bicristata uropod exopod article 1 is much
shorter than article 2. Day (1980) claimed the
presence of short lateral ridges posteriorly on the
carapace of G. .sulcata also differentiates the
species. However, weak short posterior lateral
ridges are present on the type material of
G. bicristata in the Copenhagen Museum,
although the ridges are very difficult to visualize
as the specimens are entirely decalcified and
transparent.

Gynodiastylis truncatifrons Hale
Figures 213-214

Gynodiastylis truncatifrons Hale, 1928; 43-45, figs
13-14,—Haie, 1937; 65,—Hale, 1946; 383-384. fig.
18.

Material e.xamined. Holotype. Australia. SA. Gulf St
Vincent, off Semaphore, 5 fm, SAM C1754 (female).

Other material. Australia. Tas., Bass Strait, WA.
NSW, 18^2°S, 118-151 °E: 17 ovigerous females. 7
subadult females, 9 subadult males. NMV 339232;
322080; 345322; 322085; 339252; 320669; 320663;
320661; 345257; 322109; 322111; AM P56210; P56208.

Diagnosis. Adult female and .subadult male. Cara¬
pace with distinct anterior medial-lateral ridge
mnning less than half carapace length, sweeping
dorsally to meet distal comer of pscudorostral
lobe, anterior half of ventral margin strongly ser¬
rate. Eyelobe with 3 lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus
less than half carpus length. Pereopod 2 without
fine hairjike setae. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and
terminal seta unmodified. Telson equal in length
to uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth, with
1 pair stout lateral setae and I pair stout terminal

J

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

51

setae. Uropod rami margins lined with fine hair¬
like setae. Uropod cndopod biarticulate, longer
than exopod. Uropod terminal setae microserratc.
Body length 3.7-7.2 mm. Adult male. As in
female, except with exopods on maxilliped

3- pereopod 4. Body length 3.2-5.0 mm.

Distribution. NSW to WA; 30-130 m.

Remarks. This species is distinctive, with a
smooth shiny carapace with single ridge begin¬
ning ventrally at the anterolateral comer and
sweeping posteriorly and dorsal ly to meet the dis¬
tal comer of the pseudorostral lobe suture. In
some cases, the anterior margin of the carapace is
lined with long stout setae as well. However,
these setae are not always present.

Gynodiastylis tubicola Harada
Figure 215

Gynodiast)’tis tubicola Harada, 1962: 299-303, figs

4- 6.—Gamo, 1963: 88.—Game, 1968: 187.
Gynodiastylis tubicolus Day, 1980: 202.

Type material. Japan, Sagami Bay, off Shirahama, 30
m, deposition unknown (not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace with many partial and complete lateral
ridges, with a distinct lateral sulcus, pseudo¬
rostrum with pair of dorsal carinae. Eyelobe with
3 lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less than half car¬
pus length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike setae.
Pereopods 3-5 dactylus and temiinal seta unmod¬
ified. Telson shorter than uropod peduncles, lat¬
eral margins smooth, with 1 pair lateral setae,
lined with fine hairlike setae, and 1 pair small ter¬
minal setae. Uropod rami without fine hairlike
setae. Uropod endopod biarticulate, equal to exo¬
pod. Uropod temiinal setae with single subtcr-
minal setule. Body length 3.7 mm. Adidt male. As
in female, except with exopods on maxilliped
3-pereopod 4. Body length 2.7 mm.

Distribution. Japan; 30 m.

Remarks. This is the first species of cumacean
reported to constmct tubes (Harada, 1962).

Gynodiastylis tubifacturex sp. nov.
Figures 216-221

Material e.xaminvd. Holotype. Australia. Cobblers
(Bate Bay), NSW, Australia. ISPIO'E, 34°07'S, 50 m,
3 Jan 91 (stn T4-324 S2 Rl), AM P55794 (ovigerous
female).

Paratypes. Australia. NSW, Cobblers (Bate Bay),
151°10'E, 34°07'S, 50 m, 3 Jan 91, AM P558I4 (I
adult male); P55803 (1 ovigerous female, I adult male);

P55800 (1 subadult female); P55792 (I ovigerous
female dissected); P55806 (1 adult male dissected);
Cobblers (Bate Bay), 151°10 E, 34''07'S, 50 m, 29 Oct
90, P55753 (1 ovigerous female); NSW, E of Providen¬
tial Head. Wattamolla, 151'’08.5'E, 34'’08'S, 50 m, 11
Jan 90, P56096 (1 ovigerous female).

Other material. Australia. Bass Strait, NSW,
34-37‘’S, 148-151 °E: 7 ovigerous females, 23 subadult
females, 8 adult males, 2 subadult males. NMV J48094;
J39687; AM numerous registrations.

Diagnosis. Adult female and subadult male. Cara¬
pace smooth, shiny, unomamented. Eyelobe with¬
out lenses. Pereopod 1 propodus less than half
carpus length. Pereopod 2 without fine hairlike
setae. Pereopods 3-5 dactylus medial margin with
teeth or bumps, and terminal seta dentate. Telson
shorter than uropod peduncles, lateral margins
smooth, with 1 pair stout terminal setae. Uropod
exopod with fine hairlike setae. Uropod endo¬
pod biarticulate, much longer than exopod.
Uropod tenninal setae microserrate distally,
with single subtenninal setule, tip of seta bent lat¬
erally 90 degrees. Body length 6.3 mm.
Adult male. As in female, except with exopods
on maxilliped 3-pereopod 4. Body length
4.2 mm.

Etymology’. From Latin, tubus meaning tube, and
facturex meaning builder or creator.

Distribution. NSW, Bass Strait; 1—70 m.

Remarks. In the adult males, there are grooves in
the underside of the pseudorostral lobes and
inside the carapace in whieh both pairs of anten¬
nae arc hidden. The first antennae are much
shorter than the pseudorostral lobes in both sexes,
and are generally not visible externally. This is
the only species in which the first antennae are
not visible externally.

Haliana Day

Haliana Day, 1980: 215-218.

Type species. Haliana eckloniae Day, 1980.

Diagnosis. Female and suhadult male. Pseu¬
dorostral lobes horizontal. Eye lobe with
lenses. First antenna small to moderate. Pereopod
I with distinct brush of long setae on propodus.
Female entirely without exopods. Uropod cndo¬
pod of 2 articles. Telson shorter than pleonite
6, with pair of terminal setae. Adult male.
Unknown.

Distribution. South Africa (34°58 S, 18°21 E),
4 m.

Species. Haliana eckloniae Day, 1980.

52

SARAH GERKEN

Remarks. Day (1980) considered this genus
problematic, in the remarkable similarity to
Gynodiastylis sensu Hale. 1946 (incorporating
species both with and without a brush of setae on
the propodus of pereopod 1), but felt that she
could not dilute the generic definition of Gynodi¬
astylis to include a species entirely without
exopods in the female. As her material con¬
sisted of three females, identical in the lack of
exopods, it is clear that the lack of exopods is not
due to an aberration of a single individual. With
the division of Gynodia.ityUs sensu Hale pre¬
sented in this paper, Haliana can now be regarded
as a good genus.

Haliana eckloniae Day
Figure 222

Haliana eckloniae Day, 1980: 215-218, fig. 9.

Type material. Holotype. South Africa, Cape Peninsula.
Oudckraal. 34°58'S 18°2rE. in holdfast of Ecklonia
ma.xima. South African Museum A15729 (ovigerous
female, not seen).

Diagnosis. Adult females and suhadult males.
Carapace with 3 distinct lateral ridges. Pseudo¬
rostrum with pair of indistinct dorsal carinae.
Eyelobc without pigment, with 2 slightly raised
areas. Pereopod I propodus about half the length
of the carpus. Percopods 2-5 with fine hairlike
setae on the margins. Percopods 3-5 dactylus
with hooked terminal .seta. Tekson much shorter
than uropod peduncles, lateral margins smooth,
with 1 pair tiny terminal setae. Uropod endopod
biarticulate, much longer than exopod. Uropod
terminal setae simple. Body length 2.8 mm. Adult
male. Unknown.

Distribution. South Africa; 4 m.

Remarks. Day (1980) considered this a good
species within a problematic genus (see remarks
on the genus).

Acknowledgements

The author is indebted to Museum Victoria,
the South Australian Museum, Australian
Museum, Zoological Mu.seum of Copenhagen,
and Smithsonian Institution National Museum
of Natural Hi.story for access to type and non¬
type collections and generous loans of cumacean
material. Also, Museum Victoria, the South
Australian Museum, and Australian Museum
generously provided both working space and
assistance in field collection.

This work was largely funded by a grant
from the National Science Foundation PEET
(Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in

Taxonomy) program to Les Watling and Irv'inj
Komfield. The Diane du Plessis Memorial
Scholarship helped support the author whiU
writing this monograph. Additionally, the Univer-I
sity of Maine at Orono Association of Graduate
Students generously provided support on multiple
occasions for travel to present portions of this
work and for fieldwork.

The holotype specimen of Gynodiastylis
arahica was collected as part of an environmental
study conducted in offshore Abu Dhabi by TEX-
PLOR for the HSE Department of the Zakurn
Development Company (ZADCO).

References

Sacescu, M., ]99\.Campylaspis wardi new species and
Gynodiastylis nordaustraliana new species from
the littoral waters of Northern Australia. Travaiec
du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle "Crigore Antipa "
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Blazcwiez, M. and Heard. R. W., 1999. First record of
the family Gynodiastylidae Stebbing. 1912 (Crus¬
tacea: Malacostraca) from Antarctic waters with
the description of Gynodiastylis juzdzewskii, a new
species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of
IVashington 112 (2): 362-367.

Caiman, W. T., 1904. On the Cumacca collected by
Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. Ceylon
Pearl Oyster Fisheries. Supplementary Report 12:
159-180.

Caiman, W. T., 1911. On new or rare Crustacea of the
Order Cumacea from the collection of the Copen¬
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Corbera, J., 2000. Systematics and distribution of
cumaceans collected during BENTART-95 cruise
around South Shetland Islands (Antarctica).
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Dallwitz, M. J., Paine, T.A. and Zurcher, E.J., 1999.
User's guide to the DELT.4 system: a general
system for processing taxonomic descriptions.
Fourth Edition. CSIRO Division of Entomology:
Canberra. 210 pp.

Day, J., 1977. South African Cumacea, Part 3: Families
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South African Museum 76(3): 137-189.

Day, J., 1980. South African Cumacea, Part 4: F.imilies
Gynodiastylidae and Diastylidae. Annals of the
South African Museum 82 (6): 187-292.

Gamo, S., 1961. On two new species of cumacean
cmstacean genus Gynodiastylis (Diastylidae).
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Gamo., S., 1962. On the cumacean Cmstacea from
Tanabe Bay. Kii Peninsula. Publications of the
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Gamo, S., 1963. On the cumacean Crustacea obtained
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29-60.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

53

Gamo, S., 1968. Studies on the Cumacea (Crustacea,
Malacostraca) of Japan. Part III. Publications of
the Seta Marine Biological Laboratory’ 16 (3);
147-192.

Gamo, S., 1986. A new cumaccan, Zimmerianu azumai
sp, nov. (Cru.stacea) from Japan. Bulletin of the
Biogeographical Society of Japan 41 (5): 37^3.

Gerkcn, S. and Gross, .1., 2000. Gynodiastylis lacini-
acristatus. sp. nov. (Crustacea: Cumacea) from
Australia. Proceedings of the Biological Society of
Washington 113 (1) 95-103.

Hale, H.M., 1928. Australian Cumacea. Transactions of
the Roval Society of South Australia 52: 31-47.

Hale, 11 .m!, 1929. The crustaceans of South Australia.
Part 2. South Australian Government Printer;
Adelaide, pp. 202-380.

Hale. H.M., 1936. Tlirce new Cumacea from South
Australia. Records oj the South Australian
Museum 5 (4): 395—438.

Hale, 11.M., 1937. Further notes on the Cumacea of
South Australia. Records of the South Australian
Museum 6(1): 61-74.

Hale, H.M., 1946. Australian Cumacea, No. 12, the
family Diastylidae (part 2) Gynodiastylis and
related genera. Records of the South Australian
Museum 8 (3): 357^44.

Hale, H.M., 1951. Australian Cumacea, No. 17, the
family Diastylidae (cont.). Records of the South
Australian Museum 9 (4); 355-370.

Harada, I., 1962. Cumaccan fauna of Japan 11, family
Diastylidae (Part 2), Genus Gynodiastylis.
Japanese Journal oj Zoology 13 (3): 293—306.

Hessler, R.R. and Walling, L.. 1999. Lcs peracarides:
un groupe controverse. In: Forest, J. Traite de zoo-
logie. Anotomic, syslematique, biologic ... Tome
7 Crustaccs Fascicule 3A Peracarides. Memoires
de rinstitut Oceanographique. Monaco 19; 1-10.

Jones, N.S., 1963. The marine fauna of New Zealand:
crustaceans of the Order Cumacea. Ne\v Zealand
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Jones, N.S.,"l969. The systcmatics and distribution of
Cumacea from depths exceeding 200 meters.
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Echinodcrmata, Actinia, Hydrozoa, & Porifcra.
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Reyss, D., 1975. Deux Cumaces nouvcaux de I’Atlan-
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(Lampropidae). Crustaceana 28 (2); 168-179.

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dcns Dybvands-fauna. Nyt Magazin for Naturei-
denskaberne. Christiania 16; 305-362.

Sars, G.O., 1900. An account of the Crustacea of
Norw ay with short descriptions and figures of all
the species. Vol. 3. Cumacea. Bergen Museum:
Bergen. 114 pp.

Say, T., 1818. An account of the Crustacea of the
United Stales (continued). Journal of the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4: 313-319.

Stebbing, T.R.R., 1893. A History of Crustacea. Recent
Malacostraca. Regan Paul. Trench, Trilbner and
Co.: London, xvii, 466 pp.

Stebbing, T.R.R., 1912. The Sympoda, Part 6. Annals of
the South African Museum 10: 129-176.

Stebbing, T.R.R., 1913. Cumacea. Das Tierreich 39:
1 - 210 .

Watling, L., 1989. A classification system for crus¬
tacean setae based on the homology concept. In
Fclgenhauer, B.E., Watling. L. and Thistle, A.B.,
Functional morphology of feeding and grooming
in Crustacea. Crustacean Issues 6: 15-26.

Zimmer, C., 1913. Die Cumaceen dcr Dcutshen Siidpo-
lar-Expedition 1901-1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-
Expedition 1901-03 14 (3); 437-^91.

Zimmer, C., 1914. Cumacea. Die Fauna Siidwest-Aus-
traliens 5: 176-195.

Zimmer, C., 1941. Cumacea. Bronns Klassen und Ord-
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Zimmer, C., 1952. Indochinesische Cumaceen. Mit-
teilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin
28: 5-35.

54

SARAH GERKEN

pereopod

pereopod
pereopod 2

Side view

siphon

elson

eyelobe

thorax

pseudorostrum

Dorsal view

( ^

4

/abdomen
[ 5

6

Figure 1. Full body figures of ovigerous female, Axiogynodiastylis rochfordi (Hale, 1946),

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 2. Dorsal and side body views and all appendages of ovigerous female, Litogynodiastylis gongyla sp.

56

SARAH GERKEN

ovigerotis female 'Gynodiasfylis tubifaciurex'

adult male Gynodiastylis tubifacturex

adult male Diastylis laevis

Figure 3. Ovigerous female and adult male, Gynodiastylis tubifacturex sp. nov., and adult male, Diastylis laexis
Norman, 1869 (from Sars, 1900). Note difference in length of antenna 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

57

Figure 4. Allodiastylis acanthanasillos. Holotype subadult female. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal view.
C, antenna 1. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 2. F, telson and uropods.

58

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 5. Allodiastylis acanthanasillos. Holotype subadult female. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 3. C, percopod 4. D.
pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

59

Figure 6. Allodiastylis acanthodes. Subadult female, NMV J48273. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal
view. C, antenna 1. D, mandibles. E, maxilla 1. F, maxilla 2.

60

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 7. Allodiastylis acanthodes. Subadult female, NMV J48273. A, maxilliped 2. B, maxillipcd 3. C, pcreopcd
I. D, pereopod 2. E, pereopod 3. F, percopod 4. G, pereopod 5.

I

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

61

Figure 8. Allodiaslylis acanthodes. A, telson and uropods, subadult female NMV J48273. B-D, adult male J48272.
B, pereopod 3. C, pereopod 4. D, telson and uropods.

62

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 9. Allodiastylis acanthodes. Adult male, NMV J48272. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal view- C,
antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, pereopod I. G, pereopod 2. H, pereopod 5.

- J

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

63

Figure 10. AUodiastylis crclaia Hale, 1936 (scanned from Hale, 1936). Adult male and adult female. A, female full
body, side view, aberrant female (normal females have the pseudoroslral lobes directed dorsally, as in other mem¬
bers of the genus). B, female, dorsal view. C, male, full body, side view. D, male, dorsal view. Type female. E,
antenna 1. F, ma.\illiped 3. G, percopod 1. H, pereopod 2. 1, dorsal view, telsons and uropod. J, lateral view, telson.
Paratype male. K. antenna 1. L. maxilliped 3. M. pereopod 1. N, pereopod 2. O. percopod 3. P, percopod 4. Q,
dorsal view, telson and uropod. R, lateral view, telson.

64

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 11. Allodiaslylis hirtipes Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Adult female. A, dorsal view. B, full body-
side view. C, pereopod 1. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 3. F, telson and uropod. G, antenna 1. H, pcreopod 2. 1, tcl~
son apex.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

65

Figure 12. Allodkistvlis johnsumi Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). A. type female, full body, side view. B,
paratype male, full body, side view. C, paratype male, dorsal view. D, male pseudorostral lobes, side view. E, male
maxilliped 3. F, female maxillipcd 3. G, female uropod. H, female uropod and telson. I, male uropod and telson. J,
male pereopod I. K, female percopod I. L, female pereopod 2. M, female percopod 3. N, male pereopod 3. O, male
antenna 1. P, male antenna 2. Q, male pereopod 2. R, female antenna I.

66

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 13. Allodiastylis tenuipes Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female, SAM C2702. A, full body,
side view. B, dorsal view. C, pereonites 5-6 and telson. D, pereopod 2. E, pereopod 3. F, telson and uropod. G, pere-
opod I. H, maxilliped 3. 1, pseudorostral lobes, side view. J, antenna 1.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

67

Figure 14. Dayiis acanthus. Ovigerous female, NMV J45454. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C, mandibles.
D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2. F, maxilliped 1. G, maxilliped 2. H, maxilliped 3.

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 15. Dayus acanthus. Ovigerous female, NMV J45454. A, pereopod I. B, pereopod 2. C, pcrcopod 3. D, pcrc-
opod 4. E, pereopod 5. F, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

69

Figure 16. Dayus acanthus. Adult male, NMV J45452. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C, antenna 2. D, max-
illiped 3. E, pereopod 1. F, pereopod 2. G, pereopod 3. H, pereopod 4. 1, pereopod 5. J, telson and uropods.

^^1

70

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 17. Dayus makrokolosus. Ovigerous female, NMV J45461. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C, antenna
2. D, mandibles. E, maxilla 1. F, maxilla 2. G, maxilliped 1.

i

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

71

Figure 18. Dayus makrokolosus. Ovigerous female, NMV J45461. A, pereopod 1. B, pcreopod 2. C, pereopod 3. D,
pereopod 4. E, pereopod 5. F, telson and uropods.

72

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 19. Dayus makrokolosus. Adult male, NMV J45462. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal view.
antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, pereopod I.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

73

Figure 20. Dayus makrokolosus. Adult male, NMV J45462. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3. C, pereopod 4. D, pere-
opod 5.

74

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 21. Dayuspharocheradus. Ovigerous female, dorsal view NMV J45450, all others J45445. A, full body, side
view. B, full body, dorsal view. C, mandibles. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2. F, maxilliped 1. G, maxilliped 2. H, max-
illiped 3.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

75

Figure 22. Dayuspharocheradus. Ovigerous female, NMV J45445
pereopod 3. E, pereopod 4. F, pereopod 5. G, telson and uropods.

A, antenna 1. B, pereopod 1. C, pereopod 2. D,

76

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 23. Dayuspharocheradus. Adult male, NMV J48265. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal view C,
antenna 1. D, antenna 1. E, maxilliped 3. F, pereopod 1.

-Q.5 mm

uuu

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

77

Figure 24. Dayuspharocheradiis. Adult male, NMV J48265. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3. C, pereopod 4. D, tel-
son and uropods.

78

SARAH GERK.EN

Figure 25. Eogx’nodiaslylis aganaktikos. Subadult female, NMV J47970. A, full body,side view. B, antenna I. C.
mandibles. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

79

Figure 26. Eogynodiastylis aganaktikos. Subadull female, NMV J47970. A, maxilliped 1. B, ma.xillipcd 2. C, max-
illiped 3. D, pcreopod I. E, pereopod 2. F, pereopod 3. G, pereopod 4. H, pereopod 5, I, telson and uropods.

80

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 27. Eogynodiasly lis laciniacristalus (Gerken and Gross, 2000) (reproduced from Gerken and Gross, 2000).
Paratype female, NMV J45434. A, telson and uropods. B, maxilliped 2. C. full body, side view. D, maxilliped 3. E,
antenna 1. F, mandibles. G, maxilla 2. H, maxilla 1. 1, pereopod 1. J, pereopod 2. K, pereopod 3. L, percopod 4. M,
maxilliped 1. N, pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

81

Figure 28. Eogynodiastylis paeminosa. Subadult female, NMV J49976. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C,
antenna 2. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilliped 1. F, maxilliped 2. G, maxilliped 3. H, pereopod 2.

82

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 29. Eogynodiastylis paeminosa. Subadult female, NMV J49976. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 3. C, pereopod
4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 30. Eogynodiastylis paeminosa. Subadult male, NMV J49974. full body, side view.

84

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 31. Litogynodiastylis alala. Subadult female, NMV J48276. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal
view. C, antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, mandibles. F, maxilla 1. G, maxilliped 1. H, maxillipcd 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

85

Figure 32. Litogynodiastylis alata. Subadult female, NMV J48276. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereopod 1. C, pereopod 2.
D, pereopod 3. E, pereopod 4. F, pereopod 5.

86

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 33. Litogynodiastylis alata. A. Subadult female, NMV J48276, telson and uropods. B, Adult male, J48275,
telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

87

Figure 34. Litogynodiastylis alala. Adult male, NMV J48275. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal view. C,
antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, maxilliped 3.

88

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 35. Litogynodiastylis alata. Adult male, NMV J48275. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 2. C, pereopod 3. D, pere-
opod 4. E, pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

89

Figure 36. LUogynodiastylis amhigtm (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Hale’s type A and type B females.
Al, full body, side view. A2, dorsal view. A3, antenna 1. A4, maxilliped 3, A5, percopod 2. A6, pereopod 1. A7,
telson and uropods. A8, percopod 3, A9, telson. A10, side view of telson. B1, full body, side view. B2, dorsal view.
B3, telson.

90

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 37. Litogynodiastylis ambigua (Hale. 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Hale’s type C. A. male, full body,
side view. B, male, dorsal view. C, female, dorsal view. D, female, tclson and uropod. E. male, telson and uropod.
F-L, male. F, pseudorostral lobes, side view. G, pereopod 2. H, dorsal view, tclson apex. 1, pereopod 1. J, antenna
I. K. antenna 2. L, pereopod 3.

Figure 38. Litogsmodiastylis aUemuita (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type male, SAM C2678, C2680.
A, full body, side view, B, dor.sal view. C, antennae 1 and 2. D, pereopod 2. E, percopod 1. F, telson and uropod.
G, pereopod 3. H, ocular lobe, dorsal view.

92

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 39. Litogynodiastylis brevipes (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female, SAM C2656. A, full
body, side view. B, dorsal view, pseudorostral lobes. C, dorsal view. D, maxilliped 3. E, antenna 1. F, pcreopod 1.
G, pereopod 2. H, telson and uropod. I, pereopod 3. J, mandible. K, telson apex.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

93

Figure 40. Litogynodiastylis caperala. Molotype subadult female, NMV J48003. A, full body, side view. Paratype
subadult female, NMV J48005. B, antenna 1 C, maxilla 1. D, maxilla 2, E, maxilliped 1. F, maxilliped 2. G, max-
illiped 3.

94

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 41. Litogymodiastylis caperata. Subadult female paratype, NMV J48005. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 2. C,
pcreopod 3. D, pereopod 4. E, pereopod 5. F, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

95

Figure 42. Lilogynodiastylis charadra. Hoiotype ovigerous female, NMV J47999. A, full body, side view. B,
antenna I. C, maxillipcd 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pcreopod 2. F, pereopod 3. G, pereopod 4. H, pereopod 5.

96

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 43. Lilogynodiaslylis charadra. A, pcreopod 1, holotype ovigerous female, J47999. B, telson and uropods.
holotype ovigerous female, NMV J47999. C, telson and uropods, adult male NMV J23417.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

97

Figure 44. Litogynodiastylis charadra. Adult male, NMV J23417. A, full body, side view. B, antenna I. C, antenna
2. D, maxilliped I. E, maxilliped 2. F, maxilliped 3. G, pereopod I.

98

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 45. Litogynodiastylis charadra. Adult male, NMV J23417. A, pcrcopod 2. B, pcreopod 3. C, pereopod 4. D,
pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

99

B

Figure 46. Litogynodiastylis concava (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946), Type female. A, full body, side view.
B, Dorsal view. C, pcrcopod I. D, pereopod 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, telson and uropod. G, antenna 1. H, pereopod 3.
1, telson apex.

100

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 47. Litogynodiastylis crenagloba. Holotype subadult female, NMV J45316. A, full body, side view. B, full
body, dorsal view. C, antennae 1 and 2. D, maxilliped 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, pereopod 1.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

101

Figure 48. Litogynodiaslylis crenagloba. Holotype subadult female, NMV J45316. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3,
C, pereopod 4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

102

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 49. Litogynodiastylis echinata (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Holotype female SAM C2652. A,
full body, side view. B, Dorsal view. C, maxilliped 3. D, antennae 1 and 2. E, pereopod 1. F, telson and uropod. G,
pereopod 2. H, pereopod 3.1, telson, side view.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

103

Figure 50. LitogynodiastyHs gongylu. Holotype ovigerous female, NMV J45465, full body views, paratype ovigen¬
ous female, J45466 all others. A, full body, side view. B, full body dorsal view. C, antenna I. D, mandibles. E, max¬
illa I. F, maxilla 2. G, maxilliped 1. H, maxilliped 2. I, maxilliped 3. J, pereopod 1. K, pereopod 2.

104

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 51. Litogynodiastylis gongyla. A-D, ovigerous female, NMV J45466; E-J, adult male, J48252 A, pcreopod

3. B, pereopod 4. C, pereopod 5. D, telson and uropods. E, pereopod 1. F, percopod 2. G, pereopod 3. H, pcreopod

4. 1, pereopod 5. J, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

105

Figure 52. Lilogymodiastylis gongyla. A, C, adult male, NMV J48256; B, D-F, adult male, J48252, A, full body, side
view. B, full body, dorsal view. C, antenna I. D, antenna 2. E, maxilliped 2. F, maxilliped 3.

n.Smm

106

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 53. Utog\'nodiastylis inepta (Hale, 1951) (scanned from Hale, 1951). Type male, SAM C3262. A, full body,
side view. B, dorsal view. C, antenna 1. D, pereopod 2. E, pereopod 3. F, pereopod 1. G, telson and uropod. H, tel-
son apex. 1, uropod.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

107

Figure 54. Litogymodiastylis laevis (Caiman, 1911) (scanned from Jones, 1963). Female. A, antenna 1. B, antenna
2. C, telson and uropod. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 1. F, full body, side view. G, pereopod 2. H, pereopod 3.

108

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 55. Litogynodiastylis lewtonae. Adult male, NMV J48284 A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal view.
C, antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, mandibles. F, maxilla 1. G, maxilla 2. H, maxilliped 1. 1, maxilliped 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

109

Figure 56. Litogynodiastylis lewtonae. Adult male, NMV J48284. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereopod 1. C, pereopod 3.
D, pereopod 4.

110

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 57. Litogynodiastylis lewtonae. Adult male, NMV J48284. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 5. C, telson and
uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 58. Litogynodiastylis liiniacaiic/ala. Ovigerous females NMV J48092: A, female I; B-J, female 2. A, full
body, side view. B, antenna 1. C, mandible. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2. F, maxilliped 1. G, maxilliped 2. H, Maxil-
lliped 3. 1, pereopod I. J, pereopod 2.

Figure 59. Lilog^modiastylis lumacaudata. Ovigerous female NMV J48277. A, pereopod 3. B, pereopod 4. C, pere-
opod 5. D, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

113

Figure 60. Litogynodiastylis margarita (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female SAM C2689, type
subadult male SAM C2690. A, female, full body .side view. B, male, side view. C, female, dorsal view. D-K, female.
D, percopod 3. E, maxilliped 3. F, pereopod I. G, pereopod 2. H, telson and uropod. 1, pseudorostral lobes. J,
antenna I. K, antenna 2.

114

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 61. Lilogynodiastylis microornata. A, holotype subadult female, NMV J48261; B-H, paratype adult female,
NMV J48260. A, full body, side view. B, carapace and thorax, dorsal view. C, antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E.
mandibles. F, maxilla 1. G, maxilla 2. H, maxilliped 1. 1, maxilliped 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

115

Figure 62. Litogynodiastylis microoniata. Paratype adult female, NMV J48260. A, maxilliped 3, B, pereopod 1. C,
pereopod 2. D, pereopod 5.

116

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 63. Litogynodiastylis microornata. Paratype adult female, NMV J48260, A, pereopod 3. B, pereopod 4. C,
telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

117

Figure 64. Litogynodiastylis microornata. Paratype adult male, NMV J48259. A, full body, side view. B, antenna
I. C, antenna 2. D, pereopod 1.

118

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 65. Litogynodiastylis microornata. Paratype adult male, NMV J48259. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3. C,
pereopod 4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

119

Figure 66. Litogynodiastylis mtinda (Hale, 1951) (scanned from Hale, 1951). Type female, SAM C3249. A, dorsal
view. B, full body, side view. C, pseudorostral lobes. D, telson apex. E, pereopod 1. F, telson and uropod. G, antenna
1. H, pereopod 3. 1, pereopod 2.

Figure 67. Litogynodiastylis mutahilis (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type male and female, SAM
C2692, C2714. A, female, full body, side view. B, female, dorsal view. C, male, full body, side view. D, male, dor¬
sal view. E, male, pereopod 2. F, female, percopod 2. G, female, pereopod 4. H, male, tcison and uropod. 1, female,
telson and uropod. J, male, pereopod 4. K, male, antenna 2. L, female, side view carapace. M, female, antennae 1
and 2. N, male, telson apex. O, female, telson apex. P, male, side view carapace. Q, mandible.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

121

Figure 68, Utog\’nodiastylis mutahHis (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Juvenile female. A, pereopod 1. B,
pcreopod 2. C, pereopod 4. D, antennae 1 and 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, telson and uropod. G, side view, carapace. H,
ocular lobe, dor.sal view. 1, telson apex. J, full body, side view. K, telson, side view. L, dorsal view.

122

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 69. Litogynodiastylis onuita (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type male and female, SAM C2337,
C2668. A, female, full body, side view. B, female, dorsal view. C, male, full body, side view. D, male, dorsal view.
E-H, female. E, pereopod 1. F. pereopod 2. G, antenna 1. H, telson and uropod. 1, male, telson and uropod. J, female,
maxilliped 3.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

123

Figure 70. Litogymodiaslylis poorei. Ovigerous female, NMV J48153. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal
view. C, antenna 1. D, mandibles. E, maxilla 1. F, maxilla 2. G, maxilliped I. H, maxilliped 2.

124

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 71. Litogynodiaslylis poorei. Ovigerous female, NMV J48153. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereopod 1. C, pereopod
2. D, pereopod 3. E, pereopod 4. F, pereopod 5. G, telson and uropods.

Figure 72. Lilogynodiastylis poorei. Adult male, NMV J29107. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal view.
C, antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, pereopod I.

126

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 73. Lilogynodiastylis poorei. Adult male, NMV J29107. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3. C, pereopod 4. D,
pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

127

Figure 74. Litogymodiastylispseudomargarita. Holotype subadult female, NMV J48289 A, full body, side view. B,
full body, dorsal view. C, antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, pereopod 1.

128

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 75. Litogynodiastylis pseudomargarita. Holotype subadult female, NMV J48289. A, pereopod 2. B, pereo-
pod 3. C, pereopod 4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

t

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

129

Figure 76. Litogy’nocliastylis quadricristata (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female, SAM C2682. A,
full body, side view. B, dorsal view. C, maxilliped 3. D, pereopod 1. E, pereopod 2. F, telson and uropod. G, pseu-
dorostral lobes. H, antenna 1. 1, pereopod 3.

130

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 77. Litogynodiasiytis roscida (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female, SAM C2744. A, full
body, side view. B, dorsal view. C, pereopod 1. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 2. F, telson and uropod. G, telson apex,
side view. H, antennae 1 and 2. 1. pereopod 3. J, telson.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

131

Figure 78. Litogynodiastylis sernita. Paratype subadult female, NMV J48263. A, full body, side view. B, full body,
dorsal view. C, antenna 1. D, mandibles. E, maxilla 1. F, maxilla 2. G, maxilliped 1. H, maxilliped 2.

132

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 79. Litogynodiastylis serrata. Paratype subadult female, NMV J48263. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereopod 1. C,
pereopod 2. D, pereopod 3. E, pereopod 4. F, pereopod 5. G, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

133

Figure 80. Litogynodiastylis serrala. Paratype adult male, NMV J48264. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C,
antenna 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 2. F, pereopod 3.

134

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 81. Litogynodiastylis serrata. Paratype adult male, NMV J48264. A, pereopod 4. B, pereopod 5. C, telson
and uropods.

J

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

135

Figure 82. Litogynodiastylis trachyphasis. Paratype subadult female, NMV J48079. A, full body, side view. B,
antenna 1. C, maxilla 2. D, maxilliped 1. E, maxillipcd 2. F, maxilliped 3. G, pereopod 1. H, pereopod 2. 1, pereo-
pod 3. NMV J, pereopod 4. K, pereopod 5. L, telson and uropods.

136

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 83. Litogynodiastylis trachyphasis. Adult male, NMV J48080. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C,
antenna 2. D, maxilliped 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, pereopod 1. G, pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

137

Figure 84. LHogynodiastylis trachyphasis. Adult male, NMV J48080. A, pereopod 3. B, pereopod 4. C, pereopod
5. D, telson and uropods.

138

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 85. Ulogvnociiastylis tumkla (Hale, 1937) (scanned from Hale, 1937). Type male and female. SAM C2144,
C2145. A. female, dorsal view. B, female, antennal notch. C, female, full body, side view. E, male, full body, side
view. F-L female, F, maxilliped 3. G, antenna I. H. pereopod 1.1, telson and uropod. J, pereopod 4. K. pcreopod 2.
L, pereopod 3.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

139

Figure 86. Litogymodiasn'lis tumida (Hale, 1937) other forms (scanned from Hale, 1946). A, Tasmanian female,
dorsal view. B, Spencer Gulf female, donsal view. C, Spencer Gulf male, dorsal view. D-H, Spencer Gulf male.
U, telson and uropod. E, pereopod 2. F, antenna I, (lagella. G, pereopod 4, terminal articles. H, pereopod 1. I,
Tasmanian female, antenna 2.

140

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 87. Litogynodiastylis turgida (Hale, 1936) (scanned from Hale, 1936). Type male and female, SAM CI750.
A, male, full body, side view. B, male, dorsal view. C, male, side view, demonstrating alternative ridge pattern. D,
male, antennae 1 and 2. E, percopod 1. F, pereopod 3. G, telson and uropod. H, maxilliped 3. I, pereopod 2. J, pcre-
opod 4. K, percopod 5. L, female, full body, side view. M, pereopod 5. N, uropod.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

141

Figure 88. Litogynodiastylis vicaria (Hale, 1951) (scanned from Hale, 1951). Type male, SAM C3224. A, full body,
side view. B, dorsal view. C, antenna 2. D, antenna 1. E, pereopod 2. F, pereopod 2. G, telson and uropod. H, pere-
opod 5. 1, pereopod 1. J, pereopod 4. K, pereopod 4.

142

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 89. Sheardia antennata Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female, SAM C2699. A, full body, side
view. B, dorsal view. C, antenna 1. D, pereopod 3. E, maxilliped 3. F, lelson and uropod. G, pereopod 2. H, pereo-
pod 1. I, pereopod 1 dactyl. J, telson, side view. K. telson, dorsal view.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

143

Figure 90. Dicoules areolala Hale, 1946. Ovigerous female, NMV J47991. A. full body, side view. B, antenna 1.
C, mandibles. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2. F, maxilliped 1. G, maxilliped 2. H, maxilliped 3.

X X

SARAH GERKEN

144

Figure 91. Dicoides areolaia Hale, 1946. Ovigerous female, NMV J47991. A, pereopod 1 basis. B, pereopod 2. C,
pereopod 3. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

145

Figure 92. Dicoides hrevidactylum (Hale, 1937) (seanned from Hale, 1937). Type female and male, SAM C2151,
C2152. A, male, full body, side view. B, male, dorsal view. C, female, full body, side view. D, female, pereopod 2.
E, female, pereopod 1. F, female, telson and uropod.

146

SARAH GERKEN

J-OX

Figure 93. Dicoides fletti Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female and male, SAM C2341. A, male, side
view. B. male, dorsal view. C, female, full body, side view. D, female, dorsal view. E-M, female. E, pereopod 1. F,
telson and uropod. G, maxilliped 3. H, pereopod 3. 1, exopod of pereopod 4. J, pereopod 2. K, antennae 1 and 2. L.
antenna I terminal articles. M, telson apex.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

147

Figure 94. Dicoides micron. Ovigerous female, NMV J4829I. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal view. C,
antenna 1. D, mandibles. E, maxilla 1. F, maxilla 2. G, maxilliped 1. H, maxilliped 2.

148

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 95. Dicoides micron. Ovigerous female, NMV J48291. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereopod 1. C, pereopod 2. D,
pereopod 3. E, pereopod 4. F, pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA) 149

Figure 96. Dicoides micron. A, telson and uropods, ovigerous female NMV J48291. B, telson and uropods, adult
male NMV J48293.

150

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 97. Dicoides micron. Adult male, NMV J48293. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal view. C, antenna
1. D, antenna 2. E, pereopod 1. F, pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

151

Figure 98. Dicoides micron. Adult male, NMV J48293. A, maxilliped 3. B. pereopod 3. C, pereopod 4. D, pereo-
pod 5.

152

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 99. Dicoides minusculus. Holotype subadult female, NMV J48030. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C,
mandibles. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2. F, maxilliped 1. G, maxilliped 2. H, maxilliped 3. I, pereopod 1.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

153

Figure 100. Dicoides minusculus. Holotype subadult female, NMV J48030. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3. C, pere-
opod 4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

154

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 101. Dicoides minusctdus. Subadult male, NMV J48031. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C, antenna
2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 1. F, pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

155

Figure 102. Dicoides mUmsculus. Subadult male, NMV J48031. A, pereopod 3. B, pereopod 4. C, pereopod 5. D,
telson and uropods.

156

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 103. Dicoides occidentalis Hale, 1951 (scanned from Hale, 1951). Type male, SAM C3223. A, full body,
side view. B, dorsal view. C, antenna 2. D, telson and uropod. E, pereopod 1. F, antenna 1 flagella. G, pereopod 3.
H, pereopod 2.1, pereopod 5. J, pereopod 4. K, pseudorostral lobes.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

157

Figure 104. Dicoides siphonatus Day, 1980 (scanned from Day, 1980). A-J, female; K-P, adult male. A, full body,
side view. B, dorsal view. C, maxilliped 3. D, telson and uropod. E, pereopod 1. F, percopod 2. G, antenna I. H,
pcrcopod 4. I, pereopod 5. J, pereopod 3. K, full body, side view. L, pereopod 1. M, antenna 2. N, detail of flagel¬
lar row on flagellum of antenna 2. O, maxilliped 3. P, telson and uropod.

158

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 105. Dicoides verminaris. Subadult female, NMV J48034. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C.
mandibles. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2. F, maxilliped 1. G, maxilliped 2. H, maxilliped 3. 1, pereopod 1. J, pereopod
2. K., pereopod 3. L, pereopod 4.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

159

Figure 106. Dicoides verminaris. Subadult female, NMV J48034. A, pereopod 5. B, telson and uropods. C, pereo-
pod 4, adult male NMV J48295.

160

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 107. Dicoides verminaris. Adult male, NMV J48295. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dorsal view. C,
antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, pereopod 1. G, pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

161

Figure 108. Dicoides verminaris. Adult male, NMV J48295. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3. C, telson and uropods.

162

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 109. Paradicoides acanthomniatus. Subadult female, NMV J48282. A, full body, side view. B, full body,
dorsal view. C, antenna I. D, antenna 2. E, mandibles. F, maxilla 1. G, maxilla 2. H, maxilliped 1.1, maxilliped 2-

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

163

Figure 110. Paradicoides acanthommatus. Subadult female, NMV J48282. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereopod 1 basis. C,
pereopod 2. D, pereopod 3. E, pereopod 4. F, pereopod 5. G, telson and uropods.

164

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 111. Paradicoides acanthommatus. Adult male, NMV J48283. A, full body, side view. B, antenna I. C,
antenna 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 1. F, pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

165

Figure 112. Paradicoides acanthommatiis. Adult male, NMV J48283. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3. C, pereopod
4. D, telson and uropods.

Figure 113. Paradicoides megadactylus, Ovigerous female, AM P60941. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dor¬
sal view. C, antennae 1 and 2. D, mandibles. E, maxilla 1. F, maxilla 2. G, maxilliped 1. H, maxilliped 2. 1, maxil-
liped 3.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

167

Figure 114. Paradicokles megadactylus. Ovigerous female, AM P60941. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 2. C, pereo-
pod 3. D, pereopod 4. E, pereopod 5. F, telson and uropods.

168

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 115. Paradicoides megadactylus. Adult male, AM P60942. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C, antenna
2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 1. F, pcreopod 2. G, pereopod 3. H, pereopod 4. 1, pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

169

Figure 116. A, Paradicoides megadactylus. Adult male, AM P60942, A, telson and uropods. B-D, Pseudozimme-
riana prohlema. Holotype subadult female, NMV J48300. B, antenna 1. C, maxilliped 3. D, pereopod 1.

170

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 117. Pseudozimmeriana problema. Holotype subadult female, NMV J48300. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3.
C, pereopod 4. D, pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

171

Figure 118. A, Pseudozimmeriana pmhlema. Holotype subadult female, NMV J48300, A, telson and uropods. B,
Zimmeriana rohustacrus. Holotype subadult female, NMV J45264.

172

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 119. Zimmericma aziimai Gamo, 1986 (scanned from Gamo, 1986). A, female,full body, side view. B,
female, dorsal view. C, female, telson and uropods. D, male, full body, side view. E, male, dorsal view. F, male,
frontal view. G, male, telson and uropods. H, Subadult male, full body, side view. 1, subadult male, dorsal view. J,
subadult male, telson and uropod.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

173

Figure 120. Zimmeriana azumai Game, 1986 (scanned from Gamo, 1986). Holotype female, deposition unknown.
A, antenna 1. B, antenna 2. C, labrum. D, mandible. E, maxilla I. F, maxilla 2. G, maxilliped I. H maxilliped 2.1,
maxilliped 3. J, pereopod I. K, pereopod 2. L, pereopod 3. M, pereopod 4. N, pereopod 5.

174

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 121. Zimmeriana azumai Gamo, 1986 (scanned from Gamo, 1986). A-F, adult male; G-H, subadult male
deposition unknown. A, antenna 1. B, antenna 2. C, maxilliped 3. D, pereopod 1. E, pereopod 2. F, pereopod 3. G,
pereopod I. H, pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

175

Figure 122. Zimmeriana lasiodadylum (Zimmer, 1914) (A, B, E-G scanned from Hale, 1936; C, D from Hale,
1946). A, female, full body, side view. B, female, dorsal view. C, pereopod 2. D, pereopod 1, without setae. E, pere-
opod 1, with setae. F, maxilliped 3. G, telson and uropod.

176

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 123. Zimmeriana longirosths Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female and male, SAM C2655
c2658. A, male, full body, side view. B, male, dorsal view. C, female, dorsal view. D, female, full body, side view

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

177

Figure 124. Zimmeriana longirostris Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female and male, SAM C2655,
C2658. A, C-1, female. A, female, pscudorostral lobes. B, male, pseudorostral lobes. C, eyelobe. D, pereopod 1. E,
telson and uropod. F, ischium of maxilliped 3. I. G, antenna 1. H, pereopod 2. I, pereopod 3.

178

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 125. Zimmeriana longiroslris Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). A-H, type male, SAM C2658; 1-J,
subadult female. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereopod 1. C, pereopod 5. D, telson and uropod. E, pereopod 4. F, pereopod
2. G, antenna 1. H. telson apex. I, subadult female, pereopod I. J, subadult female, pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

179

Figure 126. Zimmeriana rohiistacrus. Holotype subadult female, NMV J45264. A, full body, side view. B, antenna
I. C, maxilliped 3. D, percopod I.

180

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 127. Zimmeriana rohustacrus. Holotype subadult female, NMV J45264. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3. C,
pereopod 4. D, pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

181

Figure 128. Zimmeriana spinicauda Hale, 1937 (scanned from Hale, 1937). Type subadult male, SAM, A, full body,
side view. B, dorsal view. C, antenna 1. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods. F, maxilliped 3. G, terminus of pere-
opod 3. H, pereopod 1. I, pereopod 2. J, pereopod 3.

182

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 129. Zimmeriana vibrissa. Ovigenous female, NMV J48043. A, full body, side view. B, antenna I. C,
mandibles. D, maxilla I. E, maxilla 2. F, maxilliped 1. G, maxilliped 2. H, maxilliped 3.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

183

Figure 130. Zimmeriana vibrissa. Ovigerous female, NMV J48043. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 2. C, pereopod 3.
D, pereopod 4.

184

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 131. Zimmeriana vibrissa. Ovigerous female, NMV J48043. A, pereopod 5. B, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

185

Figure 132. Axiogynodiastylis fimhriata. A-B, ovigerous female, holotype;
B, full body, dorsal view. C, antenna I. D, mandible (partial). E, maxilla 1.

C-G, paratype. A, full body, side view.
F, maxilla 2. G, maxilliped 1.

186

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 133. Axiogynodiastylis fimbriata. Ovigerous female, NIWA stn S147 TAM. A, maxilliped 2. B, maxilliped
3. C, pereopod 1. D, pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

187

Figure 134. Axiogynodiastylis fimhriala. Ovigerous female, NIWA stn SI47 TAM. A, pereopod 3. B, pereopod 4.
C, pereopod 5. D, telson and uropods.

188

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 135. Axiog}’nodiastylis kopua. Holotype subadult female, NIWA stn S147 TAM. A, full body, side view. B,
full body, dorsal view. C, antennae 1 and 2. D, maxilliped 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

189

Figure 136. Axiogynodiastylis kopua. Holotype subadult female, NIWA stn S147 TAM. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereo-
pod 1. C, pereopod 2.

190

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 137. Axiogynodiastylis kopua. Holotype subadult female, NIWA stn SI47 TAM. A, pereopod 3. B, pereo-
pod 4. C, pereopod 5. D, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

191

Figure 138. Axiogynodiastytis reticulata. A, holotype ovigerous female, NMV J48269; B-G, paratype subadult
female, NMV J48270. A, full body, side view; reticulated pattern illustrated in small patch covers entire carapace.
B, full body, dorsal view. C, antenna I. D, antenna 2. E, mandibles. F, maxilla 1. G, maxilla 2.

192

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 139. Axiogynodiastylis reticulala. Paratype subadult female, NMV J48270. A, maxilliped 1. B, maxilliped
2. C, maxilliped 3. D, pereopod 3.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

193

Figure 140. Axiogynodiastylis reticulata. Paratype subadult female, NMV J48270. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 2.
C, pereopod 4. D, pereopod 5.

SARAH GERK.EN

194

Figure 141. Axiogynodiastylis reticulata. A, paratype subadult female, NMV J48270, telson and uropods. B.
paratype adult male, J48271, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

195

Figure 142. Axiogynodiastylis reticulata. Paratype adult male, NMV J48271. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1.
C, antenna 2. D, pereopod 3. E, pereopod 4. F, pereopod 5.

196

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 143. Axiogynodiastylis reticulata. Paratype adult male, NMV J4827I. A, maxilliped 3. B, pcreopod 1. C,
pereopod 2.

4

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

197

Figure 144. A.xiogynodiaslytis rochfordi (Hale, 1946). Ovigerous female, NMV J48296. A, full body, side view. B,
full body, dorsal view. C, antenna I. D, mandible. E, maxilla 1. F, maxilla 2. G, maxilliped 1.

198

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 145. Axiogynodiastylis rochfordi (Hale, 1946). Ovigerous female, NMV J48296. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereo-
pod 1. C, pereopod 2. D, pereopod 3. E, pcreopod 4. F, pereopod 5. G, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

199

Figure 146. Axiogynodiastylis rochfordi (Hale, 1946) (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type adult male, SAM C2695. A,
full body, side view. B, dorsal view. C, maxilliped 3. D, pereopod 2. E, telson and uropod. F, pereopod 3. G, antenna
1. H, telson, side view.

SARAH GERKEN

200

Figure 147. Gynodiastylis ampla Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type male and female, SAM C2654,
C2681. A, female, full body, side view. B, female, dorsal view. C, male, full body, side view. D, male, dorsal view.
E-N, female. E, maxilliped 3. F, antenna I. G, pereopod 2. H, telson and uropod. 1, maxilliped 2. J, maxilliped 1.
K, pereopod 1. L. pereopod 3. M, telson, side view. N, telson, ventral view.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

201

Figure 148. Gynodiastylis anasillos. Holotype subadult female, NMV J48001. A, full body, side view. B, antenna
I. C, maxilliped 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod I. F, pereopod 3. G, dactylus of pereopod 3.

202

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 149. Gynodiasty’lis anasillos. Holotype subadult female, NMV J48001. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 4 C,
dactylus of pereopod 4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

203

Figure 150. Gynodiastylis anguicephala Harada, 1962 (scanned from Harada, 1962). A-C, G, H, M, subadult
female; D-F, l-L, adult male. A, telson. B, dorsal view, full body. C, maxilliped 3. D, maxilliped 3. E, dorsal view.
F, antenna 2. G, uropod. H, pereopod 1. 1, antenna 1. J, pereopod 1. K, pereopod 1. L, uropod. M, side view.

204

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 151. Gynodiastylis arahica. Holotype adult male. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C, antenna 2.
D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 1.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

205

Figure 152. Gynodiastylis arahica. Holotype adult male. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3. C, pereopod 4. D, pereo-
pod 5. E, telson and uropods.

206

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 153. Gynodiastylis haios. Paratype ovigerous female, NMV J47993. A, full body, side view. B, antenna I
C, mandibles. D, maxilla I. E, maxilla 2. F, maxilliped 1. G, maxilliped 2. H, maxilliped 3. 1, percopod 3
J, pereopod 4.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

207

Figure 154. Gynodiastylis baios. Paratypc ovigerous female, NMV J47993. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 2. C, pere-
opod 5. D, telson and uropods.

208

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 155. GynodiastvUs haios. Paratype adult male, NMV J47994. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C,
antenna 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 3. F, pereopod 4.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

209

Figure 156. Gynodiastylis haios. Paratype adult male, NMV J47994. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 2. C, pereopod 5.
D, telson and uropods.

210

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 157. Gvnodiastylis hlax. A, holotype ovigcrous female, NMV J47961; B-J, paratype subadult female, NMV
J47962. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C, antenna 2. D, mandibles. E, maxilla I. F, maxilla 2. G, maxilliped
1. H, maxilliped 2. 1, maxilliped 3. J, pereopod 1.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

211

Figure 158. Gynodiastylis hlax. Paratype subadult female, NMV J47962. A, pereopod 2. B; pereopod 3. C, pereo-
pod 4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

SARAH GERKEN

212

Figure 159. Gynodiastylis bicristata Caiman, 1911 (scanned from Caiman, 1911). Types, ZMC, A, female, full
body, side view. B, female, dorsal view. C, maxilliped 3. D, pereopod 2. E, pereopod 3. F, pereopod 1. G, pereo-
pod 4. H, pereopod 5. 1, telson and uropod. J, antenna I. K, adult male, full body, side view.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

213

Figure 160. Gynodiastylis carinala Caiman, 1911 (scanned from Jones, 1963). A, female, full body, side view. B,
male, full body, side view. D, female, pscudorostral lobes. E, male, pscudorostral lobes. F, female telson and
uropods. G, male telson and uropods. H, female, antennae 1 and 2. 1, female, branchial structure. J, female, maxil-
liped 2. K, male, antenna 2. L, female, maxilliped 3. M, female, maxillipcd 1. N, female, propodus and dactyl. O,
female, pereopod I. P, male, pereopod I. Q, female, pereopod 2. R, female, pereopod 3. S, male, pereopod 3. T,
female, pereopod 4. U, female, pereopod 5.

214

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 161. Gynodiastylis carinirostris Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female, SAM C2669. A, full
body, side view. B, dorsal view. C, maxilliped 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, antennae 1 and 2. F, pereopod 1. G, telson and
uropod. H, pereopod 3. I, pereopod 2. J, telson apex.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA) 215

Figure 162. Gynodiastylis costata Caiman, 1911 (scanned from Caiman, 1911). Types, ZMC. A, female, full body,
side view. B, dorsal view. C, male, full body, side view. D, female, antenna 1. E, female, antenna 2. F, female,
maxilliped 3. G, female, pereopod 1. H, female, pereopod 3. I, female, pereopod 2. J, female, telson and uropod.
K, telson and uropod.

216

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 163. Gynodiastylis costata Caiman, 1911 (scanned from Gamo, 1962). Adult male. A, pereopod 1. B, max-
illipcd 3. C, telson and uropod. D, antenna 1. E, telson. F, pereopod 3. G, antenna 2. H, pereopod 2. 1, pereopod 2.
J, pereopod 4. K, pereopod 4. L, pereopod 5. M, pereopod 5. N, full body, side view.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

217

Figure 164. Gynodiastylis curvirostris Day, 1980 (scanned from Day, 1980). A-E, adult male; F-M, female. A, full
body, side view. B, pereopod 1. C, pereopod 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, telson and uropod. F, dorsal view. G, telson and
uropod. H, antenna 1. 1, pereopod 2. J, full body, side view. K, pereopod 3. L, pereopod 5. M, pereopod 1.

218

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 165. Gynodiastylis dikondyla. A, paratype ovigerous female, NMV J47989; B-1, paratype ovigenous female.
J47989. A, full body, side view. B, antenna I. C, mandibles. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2. F, maxilliped 3. G, pereo-
pod 3. H, pereopod 4. 1, pereopod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

219

Figure 166. Gynodiastylis dikondyla. Paratype ovigerous female, NMV J47989. A, maxilliped 1. B, maxilliped 2.
C, pereopod 1. D, pereopod 2.

220

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 167. Gynodiastylis dikondyla. Paratype ovigerous female, NMV J47989.

A, telson and uropods. B, uropod endopod terminal seta. C, uropod exopod terminal seta.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

221

Figure 168. Gynodiastylis dilatata Hale, 1946 (seanned from Hale, 1946). Type adult male, SAM C2704. A, full
body, side view. B, dorsal view. C, antennae 1 and 2. D, pereopod 1. E, telson. F telson and uropod. G, maxilliped
3. H, pereopod 3. 1, pereopod 2.

222

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 169. Gynodiastylis dilatata Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Hale’s “large eyed male”. A, full body,
side view. B, dorsal view. C, maxilliped 3. D, pereopod 1. E, telson and uropod. F, telson apex. G, pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

223

Figure 170. Gynodiastylis fidgida Day, 1980 (scanned from Day, 1980). Holotype adult female, SAM A15278. A,
full body, side view. B, pereopod 1. C, dorsal view. D, pereopod 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, antenna 1. G, pereopod 3.
H, telson and uropod.

Figure 171. Gynodiastylis hartmeyeri Zimmer, 1914 (scanned from Zimmer, 1914). Type female, ZMB. A, dorsal
view. B, full body, side view. C, telson and uropod.

224

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 172. Gynodiastylis insolitaseta. A-C, E, paratype ovigerous female, AM P55790; D, paratype subadult
female, NMV J48066. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C, mandible. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

225

Figure 173. Gynodiastylis insolitaseta. Paratype ovigerous female, AM P55790. A, maxilliped 1. B, maxilliped 2.
C, maxilliped 3. D, pereopod 3. E, percopod 4. F, pereopod 5.

226

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 174. Gynodiastylis insolitaseta. Paratype ovigerous female, AM P55790. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

227

Figure 175. Gynodiastylis insolitaseta. A, paratype ovigerous female, AM P55790, telson and uropods. B, paratype
adult male, AM P55790, telson and uropods.

228

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 176. Gynodiastylis insolilaseta. Paratype adult male, AM P55790. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C,
antenna 2. D, maxilliped 3.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

229

Figure 177. Gynodiastylis insolitaseta. Paratype adult male, AM P55790. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 2. C, pereo-
pod 3. D, pereopod 4. E, pereopod 5.

230

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 178. Gynodiastylis jazdzewskii Blazewicz and Heard, 1999 (scanned from Blazewicz and Heard, 1999).
Holotype adult male, USNM 243765. A, incisor. B, molar. C, maxilla 1. D, full body, side view. E, maxilliped 2.
F, maxilliped 1. G, maxilla 2. H, pereopod 2. 1, pereopod 3. J, pereopod 4. K, pereopod 5. L, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

231

Figure 179. Gynodiastylis koataata. Holotype adult male, NIWA stn S397E. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1.
C, antenna 2. D, maxilliped 2. E, pereopod 4.

232

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 180. Gynodiastylis koataata. Holotype adult male, NIWA stn S397E. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereopod 1. C,
pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

233

Figure 181. Gynodiastylis koataata. Holotype adult male, NIWA stn S397E. A, pereopod 3. B, pereopod 5. C, tel-
son and uropods.

234

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 182. Gynodiastylis lata Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type male and female, SAM C2639. A,
female, full body, side view. B, female, dorsal view. C, male, full body, side view. D, male, dorsal view. E, female,
maxilliped 3. F, female, pereopod 1. G, female, telson and uropod. H, male, telson and uropod. 1, male, Litogyn-
odiastylis turgida Hale, 1936. J, female, pereopod 2. K, female, pereopod 3. L, male, antenna 1.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

235

Figure 183. Gynodiastylis lineata Day, 1980 (scanned from Day, 1980). A-J, female; K-O, male. A, full body, side
view. B, dorsal view. C, pereopod 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 4. F, pereopod 3. G, pereopod 5. H, antenna 1.
I, pereopod 1. J, telson and uropod. K, telson and uropod. L, pereopod 1. M, full body, side view. N, dorsal view.
O, pereopod 2.

236

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 184. Gynodiastylis megasiphon. Paratype subadult female, NMV J48266. A, full body, side view. B, cara¬
pace, dorsal view. C, antenna 1. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2. F, maxilliped 1. G, maxilliped 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

237

Figure 185. Gynodiastylis megasiphon. Paratype subadult female, NMV J48266. A, maxilliped 3. B, pereopod 1. C,
pereopod 2. D, pereopod 3. E, pereopod 4. F, pereopod 5. G, telson and uropods.

238

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 186. Gynodiastylis megasiphon. Paratype adult male, NMV J48288. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1.
C, antenna 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

239

Figure 187. GynodiastyUs megasiphon. Paratype adult male, NMV J48288. A, pereopod 3. B, pereopod 4. C, pere-
opod 5. D, telson and uropods.

240

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 188. Gynodiastylis miller Jones, 1963 (scanned from Jones, 1963) Adult female. A, dorsal view. B, full body,
side view. C, antenna 1. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 1. F, telson and uropods. G, maxilliped 3 (labelled as pereo-
pod 3 in Jones, 1963). H, pereopod 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

241

Figure 189. Gynodiastylis mulHcarinata. Holotype ovigerous female, NMV J48006. A, full body, side view. B,
antenna I. C, maxilliped 3. D, pereopod I.

242

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 190. Gynodiastylis multicarinata. Holotype ovigerous female, NMV J48006. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3.
C, pereopod 4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

243

Figure 191. Gynodiastylis nitida Harada, 1962 (scanned from Harada, 1962). Female. A, full body, dorsal view. B,
side view. C, maxilliped 3. D, percopod 1. E, pereopod 2. F, uropod. G, telson apex.

244

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 192. Gynodiastylis nordaustraliana BScescu, 1991 (scanned from Bicescu, 1991). Holotype female, “Grig-
ore Antipa” Museum. A, dorsal view. B, telson and uropod. C, pseudorostrum. D, pereopod 3. E, pereopod 4. F,
pereopod 1.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

245

Figure 193. Gynodiastylis platycarpus Game, 1961 (scanned from Gamo, 1961). Female. A, dorsal view. B, full
body, side view. C, telson. D, telson and uropods. E, terminus of pereopod 5. F, maxilliped 3. G, antennal flagella.
H, antenna I. I, pereopod 5. J, pereopod I. K, pereopod 2. L, pereopod 4. M, pereopod 5.

246

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 194. Gvnodiastylis polita Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Female. A, full body, side view. B, dorsal
view. C, maxilliped 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, antennae 1 and 2. F, pereopod 2. G, pereopod 1. H, telson and uropod. 1,
pereopod 3. J. mandible incisor. K, telson apex.

Figure 195. Gynodiastylisprofunda Day, 1980 (scanned from Day, 1980). A-E, G-J, female; F, K-P, male. A, full
body, side view. B, pereopod 1. C, dorsal view. D, telson and uropod. E, maxilliped 3. F, telson and uropod. G, pere-
opod 2. H, pereopod 5.1, pereopod 3. J, antenna 1. K, side view, carapace. L, maxilliped 3. M, full body, side view.
N, pereopod I. O, pereopod 3. P, dorsal view.

248

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 196. Gynodiastylis pygmaeoinsolitaseta. A, holotype ovigerous female, NMV J48066; B-M, paratype
ovigerous female, NMV J48063. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1. C, mandibles. D, maxilla 1. E, maxilla 2. F,
maxilliped 1. G, maxilliped 2.11, maxilliped 3. 1, pereopod 1, pereopod 2. K, pereopod 3. L, pereopod 4. M: pere-
opod 5.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

249

Figure 197. Gynodiastylispygmaeoinsolitaseta. Paratype ovigerous female, NMV J48063. telson and uropods.

250

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 198. Gynocliastylis pygmaeoinsolitaseta. Paratype adult male, NMV J48064. A. full body, side view. B,
antenna 1. C, antenna 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 1. F, pereopod 2. G, pereopod 3. H, pereopod 4. 1, pereopod
5. J, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

Figure 199, Gvnodiasivlis rohusta Hale. 1946. Ovigerous female. AM P55800. A. full body, side
1. C, mandibles. D. maxilla 1. E. maxilla 2. F. maxilliped 1.

252

SARAH GERK.EN

Figure 200. Gynodiastylis robusta Hale, 1946. Ovigerous female, AM P55800. A, maxilliped 2. B, maxilliped 3. C,
pereopod 1.

Figure 201. Gynodiastylis rohtisla Hale, 1946. Adult male, AM P56222. A, full body, side view. B, antenna I. C,
antenna 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod I.

Figure 202. Gynodiastylis robiista Hale, 1946. Adult male, AM P56222. A, pereopod 2.
B, pereopod 3. C, pereopod 4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

255

Figure 203. Gynodiastylis robusta Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Type female, SAM C2724. A, full body,
side view. B, dorsal view. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 3. F, pereopod 4. G, telson and uropod. H, antenna 1.

256

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 204. Gvnocliastviis rotundicaudatiis Gamo, 1961 (scanned from Gamo, 1961). female. A, full body, side
view. B, dorsal view. C, antenna 1 flagella. D, telson and uropod. E, telson. F, pereopod 1. G, antenna 1.
H, maxilliped 3. 1, pereopod 3. J, pereopod 4. K, pereopod 5. L, pereopod 2. M, basis of pereopod 1.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

257

1.0 mm

Figure 205. Gynodiastylis rugosa. Holotype ovigerous female. P41250. A, full body, side view. B, full body, dor¬
sal view. C, antenna 1. D, maxilliped 2. E, maxilliped 3. F, pereopod 1.

258

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 206. Gynodiastylis rugosa. Holotype ovigerous female, P41250. A, pereopod 2. B, pereopod 3. C, pereopod
4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

259

Figure 207. Gymdiastylis sierra. Holotype ovigerous female, NMV J45311. A, full body, side view. B, antenna 1.
C, maxilliped 2. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 2.

260

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 208. Gynodiastylis sierra. Holotype ovigerous female, NMV J45311. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 3. C, pere-
opod 4. D, pereopod 5. E, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

261

Figure 209. Gymodiastylis similis Zimmer, 1914. Scanned from Zimmer, 1914. female. A, full body, side view. B,
dorsal view. C, pereopod 1. D, telson and uropod.

262

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 210. Gynodiastylis strumosa Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). A, full body, side view. B, dorsal view.
C, antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, pereopod 2. F, pereopod 3. G, telson and uropod.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

263

Figure 211. Gynodiastylis subtilis Hale, 1946 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Female. A, full body, side view. B, dor¬
sal view. C, pereopod 1. D, maxilliped 3. E, pereopod 3. F, telson and uropod. G, pereopod 2. H, telson apex.

SARAH GERKEN

264

Figure 212. Gynodiastylis sulcata Day, 1980 (scanned from Day, 1980). A-H. female; l-P, male. A, full body, side
view. B, dorsal view. C, pereopod 2. D, pereopod 3. E, anterior margin of earapace. F, telson and uropod. G, max-
illiped 3. H, pereopod I. I, full body, side view. J, side view, no shading. K, pereopod 1. L, pereopod 2. M, telson
and uropod. N, maxilliped 3. O, pereopod 3. P, antenna 2.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

265

Figure 213. Gynodiastylis tnmcalifrons Hale, 1936 (scanned from Hale, 1936). Female. A, full body, side view. B,
dorsal view. C, pereopod 4. D. terminus, maxilliped 3. E, telson and uropod. F, pereopod 1. G, pereopod 2. H, pere-
opod 5.

266

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 214. Gynodiastylis truncatifrons Hale, 1936 (scanned from Hale, 1946). Adult male and female. A, male,
full body, side view. B, female, tcison apex. C, female, telson and uropod. D, male, ventral margin of carapace. E,
female, ventral margin of carapace. F, male, antenna 2. G, male, telson and uropod. 11, female, terminus of pereo-
pod 3.1, male, antenna I. J, male, telson apex.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

267

Figure 215. Gyiwcliastylis tubicola Harada, 1962 (scanned from Harada, 1962). females. A, dorsal view. B, side
view. C-F, alternative ridge arrangements on various individuals. G, pereopod 2. H, maxilliped 3.1, telson and uro-
pod. J, pereopod 1.

268

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 216. Gynodiastylis tubifacturex. Paratype ovigerous female, AM P55792. A, full body, side view. B, full
body, dorsal view. C, antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, mandibles. F, maxilla 1. G, maxilla 2. H, maxilliped 1.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

269

Figure 217. Gynodiastylis tuhifacturex. Paratype ovigcrous female, AM P55792. A, maxilliped 2. B, maxilliped 3.
C, pereopod 1. D, pereopod 2. E, pereopod 3.

270

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 218. Gynodiastylis tubifacturex. Paratype ovigerous female, AM P55792. A, pereopod 4. B, pereopod 5. C,
telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA; CUMACEA)

271

Figure 219. Gynodiastylis tubifacturex. Paratype adult male, AM P55806. A, full body, side view. B, Anterior por¬
tion of carapace, ventral view. C, antenna 1. D, antenna 2. E, maxilliped 2. F, maxilliped 3. G, pereopod 2. H, pere-
opod 3.

272

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 220. Gynodiastylis tubifacturex. Paratype adult male, AM P55806. A, pereopod 1. B, pereopod 4. C, pereo-
pod 5. D, telson and uropods.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

273

Figure 221. Gynodiastylis tubifacturex A, adult male, AM P55817; B, adult male, AM P55817 with tube. C, oviger-
ous female, P56096. D, tube removed from ovigerous female.

274

SARAH GERKEN

Figure 222. Haliana eckloniae Day, 1980 (scanned from Day, 1980). Holotype ovigerous female. South African
Museum A15729. A, side view, full body. B, antenna 1. C, dorsal view. D, pereopod 1. E, telson and uropods. F,
maxilliped 3. G, pereopod 2. H, pereopod 4.

THE GYNODIASTYLIDAE (CRUSTACEA: CUMACEA)

275

Index to species and genera. Figure numbers in bold

acanthanasillos, Allodiaslylis

7,4-5

Gynodiastylis

35

acanthodes, A Uodiastylis

7, 6-9

Haliana

51,212

acaiilhommalus, Paradicoides

30, 110-112

hartmeyeri. Gynodiastylis

42, 171

acanthus. Dayiis

9, 14-16

hirtipes. Allodiastylis

8, 1

aganaktikos. Eogynodiastylis

11,25-26

inepta, Gynodiastylis

18

alata, Litog^modiastylis

15,31-35

inepta. Litog\modiastylis

18, 53

Allodiasty’Iis

6

insolitaseta, Gynodiastylis

43,172-177

amhigtia, Gynodiastylis

15

jazdzewskii, Gynodiastylis

43, 178

amhigua. Litogynodiastylis

15, 36-37

johnsUmi, Allodiastylis

8, 12

ampla, Gynodiastylis

38, 147

koataata, Gynodiastylis

44, 179-181

anasillos, Gynodiastylis

38, 148-149

kopua, Axiogynodiastylis

34, 135-137

anguicephala. Gynodiastylis

38, 150

laciniacristatus. Eogynodiastylis

12, 27

antennata. Sheardia

25, 89

laciniacristatus, Gynodiastylis

12

arahica, Gynodiastylis

38, 151-152

laevis, Diastylis

19,3

areolata, Dicoides

26, 90-91

laevis, Gynodiastylis

19

attenuata, Gynodiastylis

16

laevis, Litogynodiastylis

19, 54

attenuata, Litogynodia.stylis

16, 38

lasiodactylum, Die

32

Axiogynodiaslylis

33

lasiodactylum, Zimmeriana

32, 122

azumai, Zimmeriana

32, 119-121

lata. Gynodiastylis

44, 182

baios. Gynodiastylis

39, 153-156

lewtonae, Litogynodiastylis

19, 55-57

bicristata, Gynodiastylis

40, 159

lineata, Gynodiastylis

44, 183

blax, Gynodiasn-lis

39, 157-158

Litog\>nodiastylis

13

brevidactyla, Dicoides

27

longirostris, Zimmeriana

32, 123-125

brevidactylum. Die

27

lumacaudata, Litogynodiastylis

19, 58-59

brevidactylum. Dicoides

27, 92

makrokolosus. Dayus

10, 17-20

brevipes, Gynodiastylis

16

margarita, Gynodiastylis

20

brevipes. Litogynodiastylis

16, 39

margarita, Litogynodiastylis

20, 60

caperata. Litogynodiastylis

16, 40-41

megadactylus, Paradicoides

30,

carinata, Gynodiastylis

40, 160

113-116A

carinatus, Gynodiastylis

16

megasiphon, Gynodiastylis

45, 184-187

carinirostris, GynodiastyEs

40, 161

micron, Dicoides

27, 94-98

eharadra, Litogynodiastylis

16, 42-45

microornata, Litogynodiastylis

20, 61-65

concava, Gynodiastylis

17

milleri. Gynodiastylis

45, 188

concava. Litogynodiastylis

17, 46

minusculus, Dicoides

28, 99-102

costata, Gynodiastylis

41, 162-163

multicarinata. Gynodiastylis

45, 189-190

costatus, Gynodiastylis

41

munda, Gynodiastylis

21

crenagloba, Litogynodiastylis

17, 47-18

munda, Litogynodiastylis

21, 66

cretata, Allodiastylis

8, 10

mutabilis. Gynodiastylis

21

cretatus, Allodiastylis

8

mutabilis, Litog^modiastylis

21,67-68

curvirostris, Gynodiastylis

41, 164

nitida, Gynodiastylis

46, 191

Dayus

9

nitidus, Gynodiastylis

46

Diastylis

3

nordaustraliana, Gynodiastylis

46, 192

Dicoides

26

occidentalis, Dicoides

28, 103

dikondyla, Gynodiastylis

41, 165-167

Opthalmdiastylis

1

dilatata, Gynodiastylis

42, 168-169

ornata, Gynodiastylis

21

echinata, Gynodiastylis

18

ornata, Litogynodiastylis

21, 69

echinata, Litogynodiastylis

18, 49

paeminosa, Eog}modiastylis

12, 28-30

eckloniae, tialiana

52

Paradicoides

29

Eogynodiasb'lis

11

pharocheradus, Dayus

10, 21-24

Jimbriata, Axiogynodiastylis

34, 132-134

platycarpus, Gynodiastylis

46, 193

Jletti, Dicoides

27, 93

polita, Gynodiastylis

47, 194

fulgida. Gynodiastylis

42, 170

poorei. Litogynodiastylis

22, 70-73

gongy’la, Litogynodiastylis

18, 2

problema, Pseiidozimmeriana

31, 116B-D,

gongyla, Litogynodiastylis

18, 50-52

117-118

276

SARAH GERKEN

profunda, Gvnodiastvlis

47, 195

spinicauda. Die lasiodactylum

33

pseudomargarita, Litogynodiastylis 22, 74-76

spinicauda, Zimmeriana

33, 128

Pseudozimmeriana

30

strumosa, Gynodiastylis

49, 210

pygmaeoinsolilaseta, Gynodia-itylis 41, 196-198

subtilis, Gynodiastylis

50, 211

quadricristata, Gynodiasty’lis

22

sulcata, Gynodiastylis

50, 212

quadricristata. Litogynodiastylis

22, 76

tenuipes. Allodiastylis

9, 13

reticulata, Axiog\'nodiastylis

34,138-143

trachyphasis, Litogmodiasty’lis

24, 82-84

robusta, Gynodiasty’lis

48, 199-203

truncatifrons, Gynodiasty’lis

50, 213-214

robustacrus, Zimmeriana

32, 118A,

tubicola, Gynodiastylis

51, 215

126-127

tubicolus, Gynodiastylis

51

rochfordi, Axiogynodiasty’lis

35, 1

tubifacturex, Gynodiastylis

51,3

rochfordi, Axiogynodiastylis

35, 145-146

tubifacturex, Gynodiastylis

51, 216-221

rochfordi, Gynodiastylis

35

tumida, Gynodiastylis

24

roscida, Gynodiastylis

23

tumida, Litogynodiastylis

24, 85-86

roscida, Litogynodiastylis

23, 77

tumida, Paradiastylis

24

rotundicaudatus, Gynodiastylis

48

turgida, Litog’iwdiastylis

24, 87,

rotundicaudatus, Gynodiastylis

48, 204

182J-L

rugosa, Gynodiastylis

48, 205-206

turgidus, Gynodiastylis

24

serrata, Litogynodiastylis

23, 78-81

verminaris, Dicoides

29, 105-108

Sheardia

25

vibrissa, Zimmeriana

33, 129-131

sierra, Gynodiastylis

49, 207-208

vicaria, Gynodiastylis

25

similis, Gynodiastylis

49, 209

vicaria. L itogynodiastylis

25, 88

siphonatus, Dicoides

28, 104

Zimmeriana

31

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CONTENTS

The Gynodiastylidae (Crustacea: Cumacea)
Sarah Gerken .