UrBRARV MEMOIRS hECEivfio OF THE AUG!/) 1917 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIiEffai: 7 NUMBER 2 THE BLATTIDAE OF NORTH AMERICA NORTH OF THE MEXICAN BOUNDARY BY MORGAN HEBARD PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AT THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES PHILADELPHIA 1917 THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PHILADELPHIA Founded 1859 Incorporated 1862 Organized as "The Entomological Society of Philadelphia," the present title was adopted February 11, 1867. Peesbdent Henry Skinner Vice-Presidbnt James A. G. Rehn CORBESPONDINQ SeCHETART RECORDING SeCRETART Morgan Hebard R. C. Williams, Jr. Treasurer Ezra T. Cresson PuBUCATioN Committee Finance Committeb Pbopertt Committee James A. G. Rehn James A. G. Rehn Ezra T. Cresson, Jr. Editor Chairman Librarian and Custodian Ezra T. Cresson D. M. Castle Morgan Hebard Philip P. 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In sending subscriptions or in making inquiries relative to publications, address : THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Publication Department, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Logan Square. MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICANIENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY NUMBER 2 THE BLATTIDAE OF NORTH AMERICA NORTH OF THE MEXICAN BOUNDARY BY MORGAN HEBARD PUBLISHED^BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AT THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES PHILADELPHIA 1917 {Issued August lo, 1917.) 154858 Memoirs OF THE American Entomological Society Number 2 THE BLATTIDAE OF NORTH AMERICA, NORTH OF THE MEXICAN BOUNDARY^ By Morgan Hebard It has been evident for some time that a number of the names used for the Blattidae of North America have been employed with considerable uncertainty. Many species have been studied from but few specimens, and hardly any comparative work has been done in associating the forms with exotic species of nearest affin- ity. The much larger series now available has led the author to undertake a general study of the North American forms. Exceptionally large collections of Blattidae, from the other por- tions of the New World, have assisted greatly in the formation of conclusions as to the relationships and the relative values of many characters of the forms here considered.- Reference to ' As the title indicates, the present study treats only those forms found north of the Mexican boundary, and North America in this restricted sense is understood throughout this paper, unless further qualified. - We have published, during the preparation of the present study, the following papers, all having some bearing on the species here treated. "A New Species of the Genus Neoblattella from Costa Rica." Ent. News, xxvii, pp. 159 to 161, (March 31, 1916). "The Genus Ceratinoptera." Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xlii, pp. 125 to 134, (April 8, 1916). "A New Genus, Cariblatta, of the Group Blattellites." Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xlii, pp. 147 to 186, (April 26, 1916). "Certain Features found in the Genus Panchlora, with other Observations and the Description of one New Species." Ent. News, xxvii, pp. 217 to 222, (May 2, 1916). "Critical Notes on Certain Species of the Genus Blabcrus." Ent. News, xxvii, pp. 289 to 296, (June 30, 1916). "Studies in the Group Ischnopterilcs." Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xlii, pp. 337 to 383, (Nov. 15, 1916). MEM. .\M. ENT. SOC, 2. 2 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Other considerable collections of Blattidae, particularly those from Africa, has aided, but mainly in affording negative evidence of close affinity, the species examined representing, in the great ma- jority of cases, groups and genera having but little bearing on those at present under consideration.^ Generic association of the species was at once found to be a serious problem, the difficulties in the present work being particu- larly complex in the Pseudomopinae, where two genera, Blattella and Ischnoptera, were found to include each a large number of valid generic units, while Kakerlac, Ceratinoptera and Temnop- teryx have been used as a veritable dumping ground for a varied assortment of perplexing forms, many agreeing only to some ex- tent in the degree of reduction of the tegmina and wings. Treatment Detailed descriptions of each genus and species in the present paper were deemed inadvisable, but careful analyses of the features of real differential value are given as well as full descriptions of coloration. Particular attention is also given to the range of vari- ation in each species, as confusion in subsequent work is much the more likely to occur upon encountering features representing mere individual, though striking, variations. The treatment of certain groups is more detailed than that of the majority. Thus, the very large series of the genus Parcohlatta has led us to discuss in detail the species of the group Ischnopterites included in the present study. The confusion which has existed in the group Blattellites has also necessitated a more elaborate study of the genera and the species there considered. In the Polyphaginae, series of intimate significance, from both the south- western United States and Mexico, have led us to include all our North American material in the present treatment, not confining the study, as almost universally elsewhere, to material from north of the Mexican boundary. 3 As an examiile; the African species, which have been described as IscJinoptera, now before us, are indeed members of the Group Ischnopterites, but in no case arc they re- ferable to Ischnoptera s. s., or to any other of the New World related genera. MORGAN HEBARD Method The armament of the ventro-cephalic margins of the cephalic femora has been classed as type i or A, showing a gradual reduc- tion in size and length of spines distad, and type 2 or B, showing spines which change abruptly from elongate and heavy proximad, to very much shorter and more delicate distad. This distinction is found to be too general, and is only mentioned here when roughly indicating the general character of the armament of these margins as found in certain genera. Generic and even specific differences of degree are found, which can not be characterized properly with- out detailed description. It would be convenient if, in describing different genera, such terms as "strongly type A" or "type B approaching type A" could be used, but it is clear that for each author, such comparative words would be apt to have a somewhat different significance. The male sex in many species has been found to have very im- portant diagnostic features in the chitinous processes concealed between the supra-anal and subgenital plates. As these parts have never been used to any extent in systematic studies, we have been obliged to supply the following terms. The orifice in which these processes are found is termed the "anal chamber." The proc- esses themselves are termed the "concealed genitalia," of which the longest and most highly specialized is termed the "genital hook." The function of the various processes as yet remains undetermined. The exposed portions of the supra-anal and subgenital plates are alone considered in the descriptions of these structures. In the majority of species, the male anal chamber extends to the base of the second ventral (penultimate) abdominal segment preceding the subgenital plate. The subgenital plate is found to extend to this point, though subchitinous in structure in the concealed por- tion. Measurements. The body length is found useful, but it must be understood that it would vary in the same specimen in life, due to the contraction or extension of the abdomen; in consequence, when abdominal distortion is evident, the normal length is esti- mated. The body length is considered as the distance from the MEM. AM. ENT. SOC. 4 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE vertex to the apex of the subgenital plate. The tegminal length, unless otherwise stated, is taken from its base, a brief distance beneath the pronotum, to its apex. The color terms used are taken from Ridgway's "Color Stand- ards and Nomenclature." We have not been able to obtain sufficient females bearing oothe- cae, to determine the real significance of the position in which these egg sacks are carried. Shelford has indicated that, whether the ootheca is carried with suture dorsad or laterad might afford a character in determining the relationship of many forms. ^ We are extremely sceptical on this point, as females before us of Par- coblatta pensylvanica have the ootheca with suture both dorsad and laterad, while an example of Cariblatta punctulata has the ootheca with suture dorsad and one of the closely related Cari- blatta lutea minima has the suture laterad. It is possible that, in at least some forms, the ootheca first appears with suture dorsad and is gradually turned until, when fully extruded, it is carried with suture laterad. Studies of living material will be necessary to solve this problem. Future Field Work Required The forms upon which future field work should throw addi- tional light, are: Ischnoptera rufa occidentalis. To determine whether this insect Is an established adventive on the Gulf Coast from New Orleans to the Mexican boundary, and to ascertain more about its dis- tribution in Mexico. Pycnoscelus surinamensis . To find if this insect is parthenogen- •etic in America; nearly four hundred females have been recorded from this continent, but no males. Compsodes schwarzi. The female sex is unknown. In the Mexican species of the Polyphagites, material to prove the synonymy under Ilomoeogamia mexicana, into which will probably fall guttipennis, aequalis and azteca; additional material from different portions of the range of Arenivaga rehni, to deter- mine the significance of the tremendous variation found in that * Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1906, p. 235, (1906). MORGAN HEBARD 5 species, and additional males of Eremoblatta hirsuta, the unique specimen of that sex having suffered from immersion in alcohol. Diagnostic Values In considering the various diagnostic features, the most impor- tant discovery has been that of the superlative value in many genera of the Pseudomopinae of the form and specialization of the median and dorsal abdominal segments in the male sex. In a number of the species of the genus Parcoblatta the specialization there found proves, by far, the most valuable character for separating males. The characters generally considered in the present paper and their general values are as follows : Size individually often variable; showing occasionally some slight geographic significance. Form moderately constant; in many species very different in the two sexes. Head with shape often of some generic importance, usually difficult to describe. Slight differences are usual between the sexes; very decided differences are found when, in the same species, the males have the tegmina and wings fully developed and the females have these organs decidedly reduced or entirely absent. In such cases the females have the head much simpler than the males. Interocular space occasionally decidedly variable, but some- times of diagnostic value; width best compared with width be- tween antennal sockets, or with that between ocelli, when these arc present. Ocelli showing few specific diagnostic features, but differing decidedly in many genera and groups. Usually fully developed in individuals having fully developed tegmina and wings; when reduction in the organs of flight occurs, the ocelli are found to exhibit a similar degree of reduction, and in species or sex showing decidedly reduced or atrophied tegmina and wings, they are usu- ally represented by mere pale spots. When the organs of flight are absent, either in Iwth sexes or only the females of a species, the ocelli are absent in the majority of forms, present, though greatly reduced, in few. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. b NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Maxillary palpi, though differing decidedly in different genera, of little specific diagnostic value. Individual slight variations are found in the length of the three distal joints. Pronotum in size, form and contour showing frequent generic, occasional specific, diagnostic features. Some variation, how- ever, in such useful features as point of greatest width and depth of discal sulci, when present, almost always occurs. The form varies with reduction in the organs of flight, this most noticeable in a greater truncation of the caudal margins, which makes the latero- caudal angles much more acute, moves the point of greatest width caudad, and develops a more even generalfconvexity of the pro- notal surface. Where great differences occur in the organs of flight of the sexes of the same species, the differences in the pro- notum are likewise decided. The tegmina and wings offer features of decided generic impor- tance. These must always be considered with allowances for the forms in which reduction occurs in one or both of the sexes. ^ The general plan of the veins, particularly the direction of the tegminal discoidal sectors, is the most valuable and least variable generic feature, but in some groups the division of certain veins is of decided generic diagnostic value. « Differences in the number of rami of certain veins are, in all the forms we have considered, attributable to mere individual variation. In some groups the folding of the wing, intercalated triangle or appendicular field, is of importance, both generic and specific, the lesser differences, of specific value, being subject to slight variations. When reduction in length occurs, particularly when this has reached a decided degree, the general character of such is often of decided specific value in one or both sexes, though occasionally in many species some variation is encountered. The costal veins of the wings sometimes show im- portant features, as do the rami of the discoidal vein. 5 Much of the worst confusion in the past, both generic and specific, has been due to failure to recognize this factor. Minor differences in venation have also, at times, been incorrectly supposed to warrant specific separation. On the other hand, ignorance of the specific rather than generic value of tegminal and wing reduction, in one or both sexes, led to error in generic designation. 8 Thus the discoidal vein of the tegmina and wings forks in Symphce and Xestoblatta alone of the known American genera of the Group Ischnopterites. MORGAN HEBARD Diagram of the fully developed tegmen and wing of a Blattid. 1. Marginal Field. 2. Scapular Field. 3. Discoidal Field. 4. Anal Field. 5. Anterior Field. 6. Intercalated Triangle. 7. Posterior Field. Ms. Mediastine Vein. D. Discoidal Vein. C. Costal Veins. M. Median Vein. Mr. Branches of Median \'ein. U. Ulnar Vein. A. Anal Sulcus. Ax. Axillary \'ein. R. Radiate Veins. This figure is gi\en, with the names used by previous authors for the various hclds and veins, by Hebard, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xlii, pp. 185 and 186. pi. xiii, (1916). In species where the area here represented by the Intercalated Triangle, is more extensive and reflexed, it is termed the Appendicular Field. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC. 8 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE The dorsal surface of the abdomen, including the median seg- ment, is greatly specialized in males of many species, and offers fixed characters of the greatest diagnostic importance. This is not true of females, though in some species some differences, usu- ally only of degree, occur. The supra-anal plate in males of certain species is important in form and structure. The form of this plate has also been consid- ered diagnostic for certain subfamilies, but we have been unable to determine the value of such features. This plate is much more simple in females and often shows variability in contour in many species; in this sex it is rarely of diagnostic importance. The cerci are of different types in many groups and genera. When specialization occurs, it is normally more decided in the male sex. In some groups specific diagnostic features are found in the male cerci, ^ such is very rare in others.* The genitalia concealed between the male supra-anal and sub- genital plates are very often of decided specific diagnostic value. Unfortunately these are difficult to study in dried material. ^ Little of diagnostic value is to be found in the anal chamber of females. The subgenital plate in males of some species is important in form, its appendages frequently showing other characters of highly diagnostic importance. This plate is represented by a number of distinct types in females, ^"^ but rarely shows features of specific diagnostic value. ^ In the genus Pafichlora the male cereal characters are of great importance in many- species. See Hebard, Ent. News, xxvii, p. 218, (1916). 8 See under Parcoblatta uhleriana (Saussure), showing diagnostic specific male cereal characters, alone of the species of Group Ischnopterites here considered. Somewhat similar specialization, but of no diagnostic value, due to its variability, is sometimes found in both sexes of Parcoblatta pensylvanica (De Geer). " In the Polyphaginae these features are found to be of the highest importance, but removal of the subgenital [)Iate, before study of dried material, is almost always neces- sary. '" It is particularl>- interesting to note that a valvular type of the female subgenital plate, which has long been considered an important characteristic of the Blattinae, is also found in the Corydiids, Ilolocompsa nitidula and Compsodes delicatulus and in the Polyphagid, Ilomoeogamia mexicana, but of a different general type in these species. MORGAN HEBARD The Styles, present only on the male subgenital plate, have often generic or even higher significance in their general character, though in some genera very distinctive types are found, which are clearly of specific diagnostic value alone. ^^ In many species slight but constant differences in the styles are found. It appears that often when the male concealed genitalia are highly specialized, the styles remain simple in structure; while when the male con- cealed genitalia are more simple, the styles often become highly specialized. The high specialization in these two sets of organs apparently shows in different forms, at least in part, an analogous function. In other groups both concealed genitalia and styles are more simple in structure. In some species no styles are found on the male subgenital plate. The limbs themselves show few readily describable diagnostic features, but their general character of armament is apparently of the highest value in the arrangement of the groups and also in separating many genera. Slight differences are, with few excep- tions, worthless for specific separation. The limbs often differ greatly in the sexes of species where general dissimilarity between males and females occurs, this even extending to the limb arma- ment in certain species. The presence or absence of pulvilli and arolia are of value in associating the groups; rarely these organs show, in their structure, features of specific diagnostic value. It must be remembered that, until the Blattidae of the world are monographed, the relative values of all the diagnostic features can not be fully determined. The above statements, however, apply fully to the forms here treated and to the exotic material examined. It is evident that, until such monographic work is accomplished, the validity and proper position of some of the subfamilies will remain in doubt. Thus we can not say whether the Ectobiinae can be separated from the Pseudomopinac by sufficient characters, or whether all of the genera there included are properly located. In fact, exceptions, in different degree, to the majority of the sub- family characters given by Shelford occur. That author had 11 Note the great diversity of these appendages in the genus Cariblatta. See licbard, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xlii, p. 153, (1916). MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. lO NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE indeed made a valiant beginning in the general study of the Blat- tidae, but it is evident that time and material were lacking for definite conclusions in much of the work accomplished, while his untimely end left many of the vital problems untouched. Conclusions In considering these facts, it is at once evident that the males of the Blattidae show a much more intricate development than the females, affording many striking features, which are not only of specific, but also of generic diagnostic value. Indeed, it is clear that, in many cases, the great majority of diagnostic features, of specific or even higher importance, are not to be found in the sim- plified female structure. The primary male sexual characters are, in great measure, only of the highest specific importance; but in the general type of the concealed genitalia and of the styles, a certain amount of generic or higher significance is often found. The secondary male sexual features which frequently have full generic values are: head development, pronotal specialization, character of tegmina and wings and arrangement of certain veins, specialization of median and dorsal abdominal segments and (when much more rarely decided sexual difference occurs) type of limb armament. The reduced, atrophied or absent tegmina and wings of the females of many species apparently show a wider differentiation from the primitive than do the generally more intricately devel- oped structures of the males. Study of the fossil Blattidae shows few examples among the known forms in which decided reduction, accompanied by truncation, of the tegmina occurred in the female. The males of those species, however, were generally of as intricate structure as those of the present day. Distribution and Number The Blattidae are found in North America but little north of the Canadian boundary. In the United States the native species are in most portions few in number, and no forms of this category are known from north of the southern portions of the great central MORGAN HEBARD II western area, including the higher portions of the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountain system and the Great Basin.. Only in the very limited tropical areas along the southern border of the United States, extreme southern Florida and the Florida Keys, the Brownsville region of Texas and several even smaller areas along the Mexican line in New ^lexico and Arizona, are the species numerous and present in large numbers. The Pseudomopinae are represented by twenty-four species, all of the other subfamilies by a total of nineteen; totaling fort}- three established species and one geographic race, of which ten species are probably established adventives. Of the total, four- teen are found only in the tropical portions of the United States six of these being established adventive species. Key to the Males of the Blattidae found in North America, north of of Mexico^- A. Ventral margin of femora supplied with numerous spines. (Median and caudal femora with a disto-dorsal genicular spine. Tegmina present. Tarsal claws simple.) B. Ventro-cephalic margin of cephalic femora armed with a row of heavv proxi- mal spines, succeeded by a row of more slender, shorter, distal spines (t}pe B). (Arolia present.) C. Fourth tarsal joint alone bearing a pulvillus. Tegmina with oblique dis- coidal sectors, where these are not obliterated by tegminal reduction. D. Dorsal surface of abdomen not specialized. Pronotum distincti\ely and strikingly marked. X'entro-cephalic margin of cephalic femora with two hea\-y, elongate, distal spines. (Size small.) E. Tegmina fully developed, extending beyond apex of abdomen. Con- cealed genitalia unusually highly specialized. Subgenital plate with two very small, rounded styles, slightly longer than wide. Pronotum shining blackish brown, margined laterad and cephalad with bulT>-, which band, at the latero-caudal angles, crosses the pronotum before the caudal margin, in this transverse portion being broader than elsewhere. Euthlastoblatta abortiva (Caudell) EE. Tegmina considerably reduced, truncate, leaxing distal portion of abdomen exposed. Concealed genitalia not highly specialized. Sub- genital plate with \-ery broad, short styles, in large part fused with the distal margin. General coloration buffy, beautifulh- marbled and marked " The species of the genera Parcoblatta and Arenivaga are not included in the present key. Keys to distinguish the males of these species are given under iheir respective generic discussions. MEM. .\M. EXT. SOC, 2. 12 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE with blackish brown. Pronotum buffy, disk bordered rather narrowly with blackish brown and with an anchor-shaped marking of this color, the arms of which are cephalad Aglaopteryx gemma new species DD. Dorsal surface of abdomen with sixth segment specialized and suc- ceeding segments transversely constricted. Pronotum not distinctively and strikingly marked. Ventro-cephalic margin of cephalic femora with three heavy, elongate, distal spines. (Size medium small. Tegmina fully developed, extending beyond apex of abdomen. Styles elongate, heavy, inset, produced and adjacent mesad. General coloration warm buff.) E. Head warm buff, with inter-ocular-ocellar area prout's brown, broken mesad by twin spots of warm buff. Interocular space half that between antennal sockets. Concealed process between styles with distal portion slightly broadening and faintly roughened. Latiblattella rehni new species EE. Head warm buff, vertex strikingly pale buff, face maculate with prout's brown. Interocular space three-quarters that between antennal sockets. Concealed process between styles with distal portion enlarged, flattening out caudad with margin rounded. Latiblattella lucifrons new species CC. Four proximal tarsal joints each bearing a pulvillus. Tegmina with discoidal sector's weakly radiating. D. Sixth dorsal abdominal segment bearing mesad, at specialization of sixth and seventh segments, two minute, chitinous projections, armed dorso- distad with elongate, delicate teeth. Styles not deflexed, of very unequal bulk. (Subgenital plate strongly asymmetrical. Dextral style heavy, cylindrical, curving weakly sinistrad; sinistral style slender, tapering, straight, not half as long as dextral style. General coloration shining black- ish brown. Limbs and spines ochraceous orange.) Ischnoptera deropeltiformis (Brunner) DD. Dorsal surface of abdomen either specialized or unspecializcd, but never showing armed projections or character of specialization found in Ischnoptera. Styles slender, deflexed, cylindrical processes, with rounded apices, the dextral slightly the longer Parcoblattai^ BB. Ventro-cephalic margin of cephalic femora armed with a row of spines which decrease gradually in size and length distad (type A). Four i)roximal tarsal joints each bearing a pulvillus. C. Supra-anal plate not bilobate. Form not depressed. D. Structure moderately delicate. Styles variously specialized ; not slender, elongate, straight, symmetrical processes of equal length, situated in sockets on margin of subgenital j^late. 13 A key to the males of the twelve species of this genus is given on page 174. MORGAN HEBARD I 3 E. Ulnar vein of wings without proximal incomplete rami. F. Tegmina with strongly oblique discoidal sectors. (Size medium small. Tegmina fully developed, extending beyond apex of abdomen. Ventro-cephalic margin of cephalic femora with two heavy, elongate, distal spines. Abdomen with sixth dorsal segment specialized and succeeding segments transversely constricted. Subgenital plate tri- angularly produced, with large, elongate styles directed along the margin of the plate toward its apex. General coloration ochraceous- bufT. Pronotum with latero-caudal blotches of deep chestnut brown and with disk ochraceous tawny. Tegmina transparent buckthorn brown, paler distad, with a broad, transverse, paler band at apex of anal field.) Supella supellectilium (Ser\ ille) FF. Tegmina with longitudinal discoidal sectors. G. Tegmina with discoidal sectors not angulate at apex of anal field. Antennae not hirsute in basal half. Pronotum not angulato-pro- duced caudad. H. Pronotum not distinctively marked. Size small to \-ery small. Ventro-cephalic margin of cephalic femora with two heavy, elon- gate, distal spines. Dorsal surface of abdomen unspecialized. Subgenital plate symmetrical. Styles similar, minute, rounded, with dorsal surface armed, situated in brief marginal concavities. I. Tegmina less reduced, not quite reaching apex of abdomen, 5.2 to 6.6 mm. Produced portion of subgenital plate between styles transverse rectangulate, nearly three times as broad as long Cariblatta lutea lutea (Saussure and Zehntner) II. Tegmina more reduced, leaving distal portion of abdomen exposed, 3.6 to 5 mm. Produced portion of subgenital plate between styles subquadrate, very slightly longer than wide. Cariblatta lutea minima Hebard HH. Pronotum distinctively marked with paired, moderately heavy, longitudinal lines of deep mars brown. Size medium small. Ventro-cephalic margin of cephalic femora with three heavy, elongate, distal spines. Abdomen with sixth dorsal seg- ment to and including the supra-anal plate, distinctively specialized. Subgenital plate strongly as>nimetrical. Sinistral style very small, rounded; dextral style very minute, not half as large. (Tegmina fully developed, extending beyond apex of abdomen.) Blattella germanica (Linnaeus) GG. Tegmina with discoidal sectors angulate at apex of anal field. Antennae hirsute in basal half. Pronotum considerably angulato- produced caudad, with apex rounded. (Size medium small. Dorsal surface of abdomen with second, third, sixth and seventh segments specialized. Styles very dissimilar, the dextral showing the greater specialization. Tegmina fully developed, extending be\ond apex MEM. AM. EN'T. SOC, 2. 14 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE of abdomen. Ventro-cephalic margin of cephalic femora with three heavy, elongate, distal spines. General coloration russet to brown- ish black; pronotum cinnamon rufous, broadly margined with cream color.) Pseudomops septentrionalis new species EE. Ulnar vein of wings with proximal incomplete rami. (Size medium small. General coloration ochraceous tawny. Tegmina fully developed, extending beyond apex of abdomen ; discoidal sectors longitudinal. Dis- coidal vein of tegmina and wings forked. Pronotum with caudal margin weakly obtuse-angulate produced, with apex broadly rounded. Sixth dor- sal abdominal segment specialized. Dextral style small, heavy, cylindrical, with apex flattened and margin produced sinistrad ; sinistral style more slender, curved, over twice as long as dextral.). .Symploce lita Hebard DD. Structure heavily chitinous. Femoral spines very heavy. Styles slender, elongate, straight, symmetrical processes of equal length, set in sockets on margin of subgenital plate. (Concealed genitalia complex.) E. Arolia present. Size large. F. Tegmina much reduced. G. Tegmina represented by subquadrate pads, with sutural margins weakly overlapping. General coloration immaculate dark claret brown. Pronotum rarely showing traces of lateral yellow bands. Eurycotis floridana (Walker) GG. Tegmina represented by small, rounded trigonal, lateral pads. General coloration blackish brown, involuteh' lectured with buffy. Neostylopyga rhombifolia (Stoll) FF. Tegmina and wings fully developed, extending beyond apex of abdomen. G. Dorsal surface of abdomen unspecialized. Supra-anal plate sub- chitinous, extending as a hyaline mantle for half its length beyond subgenital plate, the distal portion divided. Cerci very elongate and slender distad. (General coloration reddish brown. Pronotum antimony yellow, with two very large, suffused blotches of chestnut. Tegmina unicolorous.) Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus) GG. Dorsal surface of abdomen with median segment specialized mesad. Supra-anal plate entirely chitinous, roughly trapezoidal in form. Cerci not as elongate, not as slender distad. H. Ventral surface of subgenital plate unspecialized. Coloration not solid. General coloration reddish brown. I. Tegmina unicolorous. Pronotum antimony yellow, with two very large, suffused blotches of chestnut. Periplaneta brunnea Burmeistcr II. Tegmina deep bay, with marginal field strikingly ochraceous- buff. Pronotum ochraceous-buff with an orange tinge, with two large, shar])!>- delined blotches of black. Periplaneta australasiae (Fabricius) MORGAN HEBARD 1 5 HH. V'entral surface of subgenital plate specialized. Coloration solid, shining blackish brown. Periplaneta fuliginosa (Ser\ ille) EE. Arolia absent. Size medium. (Tegmina and wings covering about two-thirds of abdomen, truncate distad. General coloration shining blackish chestnut brown. Dorsal surface of abdomen unspecialized. Supra-anal plate transverse, subrectangulate.) Blatta orientalis Linnaeus CC. Supra-anal plate weakly bilobate. Form depressed. (Size medium small. Tegmina and wings fully developed, (normally) slightly exceeding apex of abdomen. Ulnar vein of wings with proximal incomplete rami. Pronotum maroon, bordered laterad and cephalad with warm buff, two rotun- dato-angulate in\asions of this color into the disk on each side and one meso- cephalad. Concealed genitalia showing a mesal mantle. Subgenital plate asymmetrical, convex. Styles minute, elongate and slender, dextral the longer, situated in a broad, rather deeply concave emargination.^'') Leurolestes pallidus (Brunner) AA. Ventral margins of femora unarmed, or supplied with few distal spines. 1= B. Tegmina present. C. Tegmina and wings fully developed, extending beyond apex of abdomen. D. Anal field of wings folding fan-wise. Surface of insect smooth. E. Wings without an appendicular field. Dorsal surface of abdomen unspecialized. Supra-anal plate weakly bilobate. Four proximal tarsal joints each bearing a puKillus. Ocellar spots present. F. Size medium small. Pronotum strongly obtuse-angulate produced caudad, with apex rounded. Arolia present. (General coloration light paris green. X'entral margins of femora frequently with a single, reduced, distal spine on all, or some, of these margins, or unarmed.) Panchlora cubensis Saussure FF. Size extremely large. Pronotum subelliptical. Arolia absent. (Coloration blackish brown and buffy. Pronotum buffy, with a large, shield-shaped, shining blackish brown area, in which are striking pale markings. Tegmina, part blackish brown, part buffy. X'entro- cephalic margin of cephalic femora with few stout, proximal spines, succeeded liy a closely set row of stout hairs. All ventral femoral margins with single stout, distal spines. Concealed genitalia showing a mesal mantle. Subgenital plate asymmetrical, convex. St\les minute, elongate and slender, dextral the longer, situated in a broad, rather deeply conca\e emargination.) Blaberus craniifer Burmcister ^^ The general character of the male siibgcnilal i)late and concealed genitalia shows close agreement with the genus Blaberus. '* In Attaphila jungicohi, the ventro-cephalic margin of the caudal femora alone is supplied with se\eral stout spines. MEM. .\M. ENT. SOC, 2. 1 6 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE EE. Wings with an appendicular field. Dorsal surface of abdomen with sixth segment specialized mesad. Supra-anal plate not bilobate. Fourth tarsal joint alone supplied with a pulvillus. Ocellar spots absent. Gen- eral coloration ochraceous-buff with a tawny tinge. (Ventral margins of femora, excepting caudal margin of cephalic femora, each supplied with a single, elongate, distal spine. Large arolia present.) F. Tarsal claws simple. Pronotum nearly deplanate. Subgenital plate with styles inset mesad and produced in elongate and attingent scutes. Appendicular field large, slightly wider than long. Size small. Chorisoneura texensis Saussure and Zehntner FF. Tarsal claws specialized, showing on each internal margin two microscopic teeth. Dorsal surface convex, suggesting certain forms of Coleoptera. Subgenital plate with slender, cylindrical styles inset along lateral borders of a subquadrate mesal emargination, the base of which is triangularly produced. Appendicular field very large, much longer than wide. Size very small. Plectoptera floridana new species DD. Anal field of wings not folding. Surface of insect hairy. E. Ocelli present (with surfaces convex). Subgenital plate somewhat asymmetrical. F. Ocelli minute. Ocellar areas not defined. Tegmina opaque, hairy, with ^'eins very weakly defined proximad ; membranous, clear trans- parent distad. Ventro-cephalic margin of cephalic femora supplied with a row of minute, chaetiform spines, terminated by two heavy, elongate, distal spines; other ventral femoral margins unarmed. Four proximal tarsal joints each bearing a pulvillus. Moderately well developed arolia present. Size very small. Styles minute, elongate, the sinistral the longer. (Head, underparts and limbs blackish. An- tennae each with a pale distal annulus. Pronotum and proximal por- tion of tegmina black, with a weak, metallic, green-blue sheen.) Holocompsa nitidula (Fabricius) FF. Ocelli large. Ocellar areas strikingly defined. Tegmina delicate in structure with veins distinct. Ventral femoral margins unarmed. Pulvilli absent. Arolia absent. Size large to medium small. Stj'les absent. (Concealed genitalia complex.) G. Median and caudal femora with a disto-dorsal genicular spine. Ventral margins of femora supplied with numerous stift' hairs. Supra- anal plate produced, delicate in structure, weakly bilobate. Genital hook curved inward. Subgenital plate with surface unspecialized. Arenivaga^s 1* A key to the males of the North American species of the Polyphaginae is given on page 217. The four species of Arenivaga, found north of the Mexican boundary, are there tabulated. MORGAN HEBARD I 7 GG. Median and caudal femora lacking a disto-dorsal genicular spine. V^entral margins of femora supplied with \ery numerous, elongate, silky hairs. Supra-anal plate not produced. Genital hook curved outward. Subgenital plate with surface specialized proximo-si nistrad Eremoblatta subdiaphana (Scudder) EE. Ocelli absent. Subgenital plate symmetrical. (Tegmina with veins distinct, discoidal sectors oblique. Ventral margins of femora unarmed. Pulvilli absent. Arolia vestigial. Size very small. Styles small, slender, rather elongate, placed laterad on distal margin. General col- oration buffy, diaphanous.) Compsodes schwarzi (Caudell) CC. Tegmina much reduced. Wings vestigial. (Tegmina rhomboidal, sutural margins overlapping, distal margins truncate. \'entro-cephaIic margin of cephalic femora armed with a single, delicate, distal spine; other ventral femoral margins unarmed, except cephalic margin of caudal femora, which is supplied with several stout spines. Pulvilli absent. Large arolia present. Size minute. Subgenital plate asymmetrical, without styles. General color- ation amber yellow.) Attaphila fungicola Wheeler BB. Tegmina absent. (Distal portion of abdomen covered by the produced sixth dorsal and ventral abdominal segments. Subgenital plate concealed, symmet- rical, produced. Styles similar, elongate, cylindrical, springing from sharp, brief, latero-distal emarginations of the distal margin of the plate. Size medium, form elongate. Coloration shining blackish brown. Ocelli absent. Pronotum thickened and somewhat hooded cephalad. Cephalic femora with \entro- cephalic margin armed distad with two or three stout spines, ventro-caudal margins of all femora (normally) armed with two similar distal spines, other ventral femoral margins unarmed. Four proximal tarsal joints heavy, each bearing a pulvillus; tarsal claws heavy. Arolia absent.) Cryptocercus punctulatus Scudder Key to the Females of the Blattidae foujid in North America, north of Mexico^" A. Ventral margins of femora supplied with numerous spines. (Median and caudal femora with a disto-dorsal genicular spine. Tegmina present. Tarsal claws simple.) B. Subgenital plate simple. (Arolia present.) C. \'entro-cephalic margin of cephalic femora armed with a row of hea\-y proximal spines, succeeded by a row of more slender, shorter, distal spines (type B). D. Fourth tarsal joint alone bearing a puKillus. (Tegmina with oblique discoidal sectors, where these are not obliterated by tegminal reduction.) " The species of the genera Parcoblatta and Arenivaga are not included in the present key. Keys to distinguish the females of these species are given under their respective generic discussions. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 8 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE E. Pronotum distinctively and strikingly marked. Ventro-cephalic mar- gin of cephalic femora with two heavy, elongate, distal spines. (Size small.) F. Tegmina considerably reduced, not reaching apex of abdomen, but not truncate. Pronotum shining blackish brown, margined laterad and cephalad with buffy, which band, at the latero-caudal angles, crosses the pronotum before the caudal margin, in this transverse por- tion being broader Euthlastoblatta abortiva (Caudell) FF. Tegmina considerably reduced, truncate. General coloration buffy, beautifully marbled and marked with blackish brown. Prono- tum buffy, disk bordered rather narrowly with blackish brown, and with an anchor-shaped marking of this color, the arms of which are cephalad Aglaopteryx gemma new species EE. Pronotum not distinctively and strikingly marked. Ventro-cephalic margin of cephalic femora with three heavy, elongate, distal spines. (Size medium small.) F. Tegmina very slightly reduced, extending beyond apex of abdomen. General coloration warm buff. Head warm buff with inter-ocular- ocellar area prout's brown, broken mesad by twin spots of warm buff. Latiblattella rehni new species FF. Tegmina reduced, not reaching apex of abdomen. General colora- tion warm buff with an ochraceous tinge. Head warm buff, vertex strik- ingly pale buff, face maculate with prout's brown. Latiblattella lucifrons new species DD. Four proximal tarsal joints each bearing a pulvillus. (Ventro-cephalic margin of cephalic femora with three heavy, elongate, distal spines. Pro- notum with caudal margin truncate caudad.) E. General coloration solid, shining blackish brown, with limbs ochraceous orange. (Tegmina truncate distad, subquadrate pads with sutural mar- gins weakly overlapping. Size medium small.) Ischnoptera deropeltiformis (Brunncr) EE. General coloration never solid, shining blackish brown, with limbs ochraceous orange Parcoblattai^ CC. Ventro-cephalic margin of cephalic femora armed with a row of spines which decrease gradually in size and length distad (type A). (Four proximal tarsal joints each bearing a puhillus.) D. Supra-anal plate not bilobate. E. Tegmina not truncate. F. Tegmina with strongly oljlicpie discoidal sectors. (Size medium small. Tegmina reduced, extending to apex of abdomen. N'entro- cephalic margin of cephalic femora with two heavy, elongate, distal spines. General coloration ochraccous-buff. Pronotum with two ^* A key to the females of the twelve species of this genus is given on jKige 75. MORGAN HEBARD 19 latero-caudal blotches of deep chestnut brown and with disk ochra- ceous tawny. Tegmina tinged with cinnamon brown, with a triangular buffy invasion at the apex of the anal field.) Supella supellectilium (Ser\ ille) FF. Tegmina with longitudinal discoidal sectors. G. Tegmina with discoidal sectors not angulate at apex of anal field. Antennae not hirsute in basal half. H. Pronotum not distinctively marked. Size small to very small. Ventro-cephalic margin of cephalic femora with two heavy, elongate, distal spines. Tegmina reduced, not reaching apex of abdomen. I. Size averaging larger, 7 to 9-5 mm. Tegmina normally less reduced. 4.9 to 6 mm. Cariblatta lutea lutea (Saussure and Zehntner) II. Size averaging smaller, 5.8 to S mm. Tegmina normally more reduced, 3.6 to 5 mm. Cariblatta lutea minima Hebard HH. Pronotum distinctively marked with paired, moderately heavy, longitudinal lines of deep mars brown. Size medium small. Ventro-cephalic margin of cephalic femora with three heavy, elongate, distal spines. Tegmina extending beyond apex of abdomen Blattella germanica (Linnaeus) GG. Tegmina with discoidal sectors angulate at apex of anal field. Antennae hirsute in basal half. (Size medium small. Tegmina fully developed, extending beyond apex of abdomen. Pronotum considerably obtuse-angulate produced caudad, with apex rounded. Ventro-cephalic margin of cephalic femora with three heavy, elon- gate, distal spines. General coloration russet to brownish black, pronotum cinnamon rufous, broadly margined with cream color.) ^ Pseudomops septentrionalis new species EE. Tegmina truncate distad, (subquadrate pads with sutural margins weakly overlapping. Size medium small. Ventro-cephalic margin of cephalic femora with three heavy, elongate, distal spines. Pronotum with caudal margin very weakly angulato-produced. General coloration uniform, chestnut to hazel.) Symploce lita Hebard DD. Supra-anal plate weakly bilobate. (Size medium small, form depressed. Tegmina and wings fully developed, (normally) falling slightly short of apex of abdomen. Ulnar vein of wings with numerous incomplete rami. Pronotum maroon, bordered laterad and cephalad with warm buff, two rotundato-angulate invasions of this color into the disk on each side and one meso-cephalad.) Leurolestes pallidus (Brunner) BB. Subgenital plate valvular, with valves terminating proximad in a transverse sulcus. (Structure of insects heavily chitinous. Femoral spines all heavy (type A). Four proximal tarsal joints each bearing a pulvillus.) MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 20 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE C. Arolia present. Size large. D. Tegmina much reduced. E. Tegmina represented by subquadrate pads with sutural margins weakly overlapping. General coloration immaculate, dark claret brown. Pronotum rarely showing traces of lateral yellow bands. Eurycotis floridana (Walker) EE. Tegmina represented by small, rounded trigonal, lateral pads. Gen- eral coloration blackish brown, involutely pictured with buffy. Neostylopyga rhombifolia (Stoll) DD. Tegmina little reduced, extending beyond apex of abdomen. E. Coloration not solid. General coloration reddish brown. F. Pronotum antimony yellow, with two very large, suffused blotches of chestnut. Tegmina unicolorous. G. Supra-anal plate with a deep, acute-angulate, median emargina- tion. Cerci very elongate and slender distad. Tegmina and wings averaging more elongate. Size averaging slightly larger. Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus) GG. Supra-anal plate with a much less deep median emargination. Cerci not as elongate, not as slender distad. Tegmina and wings averaging less elongate. Size averaging slightly smaller. Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister FF. Pronotum ochraceous-buff with an orange tinge, with two large, sharply defined, blotches of black. Tegmina deep bay, with marginal field strikingly ochraceous-buff. Periplaneta australasiae (Fabricius) EE. Coloration solid, shining blackish brown. Periplaneta fuliginosa (Serville) CC. Arolia absent. Size medium. (Tegmina represented by small, rounded trigonal, lateral pads. General coloration shining blackish brown.) Blatta orientalis Linnaeus AA. Ventral margins of femora unarmed, or supplied with few distal spines. i' B. Tegmina present. (Median and caudal femora with a disto-dorsal genicular spine.) C. Subgenital plate simple. D. Tarsal claws simple. Supra-anal plate weakly bilobate. Ocellar spots present. Four proximal tarsal joints each bearing a pulvillus. E. Size medium small. Pronotum strongly obtuse-angulate produced caudad, with ai)ex rounded. Arolia present. F. General coloration brown. Tegmina thickly sup])licd proximad with minute jMts. (Pronotum shining blackish brown margined cephalad, 1" In Arenivaga and Eremohlatla, the ventro-cephalic margins of the cephalic femora are alone armed; in the former with chaetiform spines, in the latter with short, conical spines. In Attaphila fungicola, the ventro-cephalic margin of the caudal femora alone is supplied with several stout spines. MORGAN HEBARD 21 or with latero-cephalic traces of buffy. Ventral margins of femora all supplied with a single, stout, distal spine.) Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linnaeus) FF. General coloration light paris green. Tegmina not pitted. (Ven- tral margins of femora frequently with a single, reduced, distal spine on all, or some, of these margins, or unarmed.) Panchlora cubensis Saussure EE. Size extremely large. Pronotum subelliptical. Arolia absent. (Col- oration blackish brown and bufTy. Pronotum buffy, with a large, shield- shaped, shining blackish brown area, in which are striking pale markings. Tegmina, part blackish brown, part buffy. Ventro-cephalic margin of cephalic femora with few, stout, proximal spines, succeeded by a closely set row of stout hairs. All ventral femoral margins with single, stout, distal spines.) Blaberus craniifer Burmeister DD. Tarsal claws specialized, showing on each internal margin two micro- scopic teeth. Supra-anal plate not bilobate. Ocellar spots absent. Fourth tarsal joint alone supplied with a pulvillus. (Size very small. General coloration buffy. Head with a narrow, transverse line of prout's brow'n between eyes. X'entral surface of abdomen margined with buffy. Dorsal surface con^•ex. suggesting certain forms of Coleoptera. Wings with a very large appendicular field. Ventral margins of femora, excepting caudal margin of cephalic femora, each supplied with a single, elongate, distal spine. Large arolia present.) . . .Plectoptera floridana new species CC. Subgenital plate specialized. D. Subgenital plate valvular, with bases of valves forming an acute angu- lation. Insect moderately thickly clothed with hairs. Tegmina opaque proximad; membranous, clear transparent, distad. Wings with unfolded anal field. Ocelli minute, with surfaces convex. Ventro-cephalic margin of cephalic femora supplied with a row of minute, chaetiform spines, ter- minated by two heavy, elongate, distal spines; other ventral femoral mar- gins unarmed. Four proximal tarsal joints each bearing a pulvillus. (Mod- erately well developed arolia present.) Size very small. Head and pro- notum yellow, with a brownish orange tinge. Opaque portions of tegmina black, with a metallic, green-blue sheen. . . Holocompsa nitidula (Fabricius) DD. Subgenital plate with a medio-longitudinal, linear cleft distad. Insect smooth. Tegmina delicate, translucent. Wings with folded anal field (and with an appendicular field). Ocelli absent. Ventral margins of femora, excepting caudal margin of cephalic femora, each supplied with a single, elongate, distal spine. Fourth tarsal joint alone supplied with a puhillus. (Large arolia present.) Size small. General coloration ochraccous-buff. Chorisoneura texensis Saussure and Zehntncr BB. Tegmina absent. (Tarsal claws simple.) C. Median and caudal femora with a disto-dorsal genicular spine. (Surface clothed with hairs.) MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 22 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE D. Subgenital plate valvular, with bases of valves forming an acute angula[- tion. Cerci much reduced, articulations apparent, apex acute. (Size very small. Ocelli absent. Ventral femoral margins unarmed.) . .Compsodes *° DD. Subgenital plate simple. Cerci very greatly reduced, articulations obsolete, apex blunt. (Pulvilli absent.) E. Ocellar spots absent. Size minute. Ventro-cephalic margin of cepha- lic femora armed with a single, delicate, distal spine, other ventral mar- gins unarmed, except cephalic margin of caudal femora, which is supplied with several stout spines. Cerci rounded lobes. Large arolia present. (General coloration amber yellow.) Attaphila fungicola Wheeler EE. Ocellar spots present, usually very weakly defined. Size large to medium small. Ventral femoral margins unarmed, except for a rather closely set row of short, chaetiform spines in distal half of cephalic margin of cephalic femora. Cerci greatly reduced, blunt conical. Arolia absent. Arenivaga ^i CC. Median and caudal femora lacking a disto-dorsal genicular spine. (Arolia absent.) D. Subgenital plate simple. Size medium small, form suborbicular. Insect exceedingly hairy. Ocellar spots very weakly defined. Cephalic femora with ventro-cephalic margin bearing a few stout, rather closely placed, conical spines, succeeded distad by a series of very widely spaced, similar spines; otherwise the ventral femoral margins are unarmed, but extremely hairy. Tarsi greatly reduced; pulvilli absent; tarsal claws reduced and scarcely functional Eremoblatta subdiaphana (Scudder) DD. Subgenital plate absent, distal portion of abdomen covered by the produced sixth dorsal and ventral abdominal segments. Size medium, form elongate. Insect smooth. Ocelli absent. (Coloration shining blackish brown.) (Pronotum thickened and somewhat hooded cephalad.) Cephalic femora with ventro-cephalic margin armed distad with two or three stout spines, ventro-caudal margins of all femora (normally) armed with two similar distal spines, other ventral femoral margins unarmed. Four proxi- mal tarsal joints heavy, each bearing a pul villus; tarsal claws heavy. Cryptocercus punctulatus Scudder A cknowledgements The material treated in the present study totals 5354 speci- mens, of which 3788 are in the Philadelphia collections. ''"The female sex is unknown of the single species found in North America, north of the Mexican boundary. The characters here given are of generic significance and are taken from females before us of Compsodes delicatulus (Saussure and Zehntner). " A key to the females of the North American species of the Polyphaginae is given on page 217. The four species of Arenivaga, found north of the Mexican boundary, are there tabulated. MORGAN HEBARD 23 Our numerous requests for the loan of other entire collections, or important historic examples, have in every instance met with full compliance. Had it not been for this willing and generous cooperation, it would have been impossible to undertake this task. We would here express our deep gratitude to Mr. James A. G. Rehn of the Academy, Mr. A. N. Caudell of the National Museum, Dr. Samuel Henshaw of the Museum of Comparative Zoology- Mr. Charles Schaeffer of the Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Dr. F. E. Lutz of the American Museum of Natural History, Dr. E. M. Walker of the University of Toronto, Dr. J. Chester Bradley of Cornell University, Mr. F. Sherman Jr. of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Prof. C. P. Gillette of the Colorado State Experiment Station and curators of other institutions, and to Dr. A. P. Morse, Mr. William T. Davis, Dr. Henry Fox, Mr. M. P. Somes, Prof. W. S. Blatchley and Mr. Charles S, Brimley, for the opportunity of examining material in their charge or belonging to their collections. Subfamily PSEUDOMOPINAE The transition from the Ectobiinae to the present subfamily is almost indefinable." The typical species of the former have the femoral spines very delicate, and the male supra-anal plate very weakly produced. In the Pseudomopinae the femoral spines are heavier, the male supra-anal plate more strongly produced in typical species. The first division of the Ectobiinae {Ectobius and allied genera) have also a distinctive facies,-^ the tegminal venation and form being chiefly responsible for this. In the first species here considered, we may note that several features show close affinity with the first division of the Ectobiinae; careful consideration of all the features, including the general 2- See Shelford, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 231, (1906), and Gen. Ins., Fasc. 55, Blat- tidae, Ectobinae, p. 6, (1907). That author later admits that attempts to define the Ectobiinae and Phyllodromiinae (= Pseudomopinae) have all been unsuccessful, Gen. Ins., Fasc. 73, Blattidae, Phyllodromiinae, p. 2, (1908). -3 The forms of the second division of the Ectobiinae {Anaplecta and allied genera), have a general facies resembling in many ways Plecloptera and its allies, which are gen- erally referred to the Oxyhaloinae, and are separated from those forms only by the different character of tegminal venation, wing plication and absence of delicate femoral spines. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 24 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE fades, convinces us that, though representing one of the nearly intermediate genera, this insect belongs properly in the Pseuclo- mopinae. The Group Blattellites The species of this group are all delicate, this particularly evi- denced in the tegminal structure. The tegmina have their dis- coidal sectors longitudinal, weakly oblique or decidedly oblique to the discoidal vein. The wings have the ulnar vein with rami all complete to the distal margin. In order to place correctly the North American species of this, the first and largest, group of the Pseudomopinae, we have been obliged to examine carefully our considerable series from the sub- tropical and tropical regions, south of the southern limits of the United States. The far greater portion of this material is as yet unrecorded, and, during the preparation of the present paper, only such work has been done as was necessary to determine the correct relationship of the forms related to, or confused with, those found over that portion of the continent at present under consid- eration. Several features of decided importance should, however, be stated here concerning this material. There is absolute proof that unusually great numbers of species yet undescribed of this group exist in tropical America; all have excellent structural characters, but in the males of different species the genitalic features and secondary sexual modifications of the abdomen are particularly complex and valuable. The group is difficult and almost the despair of the systematist, this latter fact due almost wholly to a universal practice in the past of describ- ing species briefly, usually with no reference to any of the char- acters of major importance, this naturally resulting in frequent subsequent misidentifications. Until the types of all the old species are fully described, or topotypic material secured (which can often solve such problems), the tropical American species should, whenever treated, be given full and careful consideration with reference to genitalic and other features of importance, mere records in some cases only adding to the difficulties now existing. MORGAN HEBARD 25 Were more than a small portion of the species of this group con- spicuously marked, this would not be so imperative, but in the present group widely separated species of plain coloration often bear to each other an astonishing similarity in superficial appear- ance. The enormous number of species and complexity of develop- ment makes generic differentiation most difficult in the present group. No single major feature may safely be used for this pur- pose, but the sum total of important characters found in groups of species should be employed ; this of course being the only safe method in any systematic study. That Shelford's generic dis- cussion and erection of five new genera in the present group was hastily done, and far too superficial, is evident.-^ Of the numerous genera which should properly be referred to the Blattellites, nine valid genera are known from the New World; of these Blattella and Supella are cosmopolitan, -^ Ceratinoptera, Dendrohlatta and Neoblattella are tropical American, never occur- ring native in the United States, while members of the genera Eiithlastoblatta, Aglaopteryx, Latiblattella and Cariblatta are nati\-e in the United States. W^e do not believe Liosilpha to be a mem- ber of the present group, the type of which genus, pumicata of Stal, was described from Brazil. So aberrant is Ceratinoptera that it may be separated from this group when further study has been accomplished. The described genera apparently in\olved, or which have been referred to the present complex, we list below. Genotype. Habitat of Genotype. Generic Position. 1865. Ceratinoptera Brunner picta Brunner Tropical America Group Blattellites 1868. Paraceratinoptera Saussure (Synonymized under Ceratinoptera by Hebard.) -"^ Ent. Monthly Mag., 2d sen, xxii, p. 1^4, (1911). 25 The first is generally distributed throughout the tropics and temperate regions, the second only throughout the tropics. A single species of each genus is known from the New World, in each case being domiciliary. MEM. AM. ent. SOC, 2. 26 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Genotype. Habitat of Genotype. Generic Position. Subf. Ectobiinae Not group Blattel- lites Subf. Ectobiinae Group Blattellites Group Blattellites Group Blattellites 1869. Pseudectobia Saussure^* luneli Saussure India 1874. Liosilpha Stal pumicata (Stal) Brazil 1895. Mallotoblatta Saus- sure and Zehnt- pilosella S. &Z. ner (here selected) Madagascar 1895. Desmosia Bolivar alluaudi Bolivar Seychelles 1895. Mareta Bolivar conspicienda (Stal) Seychelles 1897. Onychostylus Bo- livar (Synonymized under Mareta by Shelford.) 1903. BlatteUa Caudell germanica (Linna- Cosmopolitan eus) 191 1 . Neoblattella Shel- ford adspersicollis (Stal) Tropical America Group Blattellites 191 1. Marga//m Shel- ford ceylonica (Saussure) Ceylon Group Blattellites 191 1. Supella SheMord supellecHlium {Ser- Cosmopolitan Group Blattellites ville) 1911. £c»6/a//a Shelford notulata (Stal) Tahiti Group Blattellites 1911. ChoHsoblattaShel- ford liturifera (Stal) Mauritius Group Blattellites 1916. Cariblatta Wehard puncUdata {^eau- Tropical America Group Blattellites vois) 1916. DendroblattaKehnsobrina Yi.e\\n. Tropical America Group Blattellites 19 1 7. Eiithlastoblatta South-central United new genus abortiva (Caudell) States Group Blattellites 1 9 1 7 . Latiblaltella new genus rehni new species Southern Florida Group Blattellites 1917. Aglaopteryx new Southeastern United genus gemma new species States Group Blattellites Many generic units in the group Blattellites unquestionably occur in the New World, and many others in the Old World, which have not yet been described. EUTHLASTOBLATTA " new genus This genus is an aberrant member of the subfamily Pseudomo- pinae, as discussed on page 23. No closely related genera are known. -" The only connection this name has with the present group is that Saussure and Zehnt- ner described Theganopteryx {Pseudectobia) antiguensis, which has recently been found to be a synonym of Canblatla insularis (Walker). Hebard, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xlii^ p. 175, (1916). ^'' From €WXoo-ros = fragile. MORGAN HEBARD 27 The general appearance and distinctly oblique discoidal sectors of the tegmina would suggest affinity to Ceratinoptera sensu stric- tiore,-"' but the imptjrtant characters of supra-anal plate, form of limbs, armament of ventro-cephalic margins of cephalic femora and presence of arolia, show wide separation from that likewise distinctive and anomalous genus. With the succeeding genus, Aglaoptcryx, agreement is found in the very delicate structure, unmodified dorsal surface of male abdomen, more transverse male supra-anal plate than is usual in the group and arrangement of puhilli. l)ut decided difference is found in the general facies, con- tour and male genitalia. The single species, here discussed, occurs in the Brownsville region of Texas. Genus monotypic. Genotype: Euthlastoblatta abortiva [Ana- plecta abortiva] (Caudell). Generic Description. — The sexes show moderate difl'erences in size and form. Head not \ery elongate, evenly rounded; inter- ocular space broad ; inter-ocular-ocellar area not flattened ; ocellar spots weakly defined. Antennae setaceous. Tegmina when fully developed'-'-' delicate in structure, discoidal sectors oblique, numer- ous (ten usual), weakly defined and scarcely distinguishable from parallel channels in each intervening area. Wings when fully developed with area of costal veins broad, these veins enlarged in distal fourth, distal margin of anterior field rather broadly rounded,'"' rami of ulnar \ein few. Dorsal surface of male abdo- men unspecialized. Supra-anal plate in both sexes strongly trans- verse, little produced. Limbs stout. Cephalic femora with ventro-cephalic margins armed proximad with a few moderately stout spines, between the more distal of which are situated a few minute piliform spines, these succeeded by a closely set row of minute piliform spines which occupy fully half this margin, suc- ceeded by two long spines of which the more distal is the longest; ^* See Hebard, Trans. Am. Em. Soc, xlii, pp. 125 to 134, (1916). ^^ In the only described species the tegmina are fully developed in the male, decidedly reduced in the female. ^^ This is more decided than in the majority of the American species of the Blattellites. This character is used in separating the Ectobiine genera Tlieganopleryx and Eiitheganop- teryx. SeeShelford, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, xvii, p. 56, (1912). MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 28 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE ventro-caudal margin unarmed except for a shorter distal spine. Median and caudal femora with ventral margins armed with irreg- ularly placed, moderately strong spines and distad with a single spine. Tarsal joints elongate; first three without pulvilli; fourth small, quadrate, with pulvillus occupying all of ventral surface. Arolia present, distinct but small. Euthlastoblatta abortiva (Caudell) (Plate I, figures i to 8.) 1904. Anaplecta abortiva Caudell, Mus. Brooklyn Inst. Arts and Sci., Sci. Bull.- i, p. 105. [ 9 , Esperanza Ranch near Brownsville, Texas.] 1913. PhyUodromica abortiva Caudell, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xliv, p. 600, fig. 9, p. 603. (Same specimen.) At first glance the color pattern of this beautiful species suggests that of certain species of Pseiidomops; it is, however, on closer examination found to be of an entirely different type. The strongly transverse supra-anal plate, weaker spines of the femoral margins than is usual in the present subfamily and re- duced tegmina of the female, led Caudell, who had that sex alone before him, to consider the species a member of the Ectobiinae, as shown in the above references. The species is very distinct from any of the other forms here treated. As the male of this species was previously unknown, we here describe a topotypic male, a specimen secured with the type. Description of Male. — (Esperanza Ranch near Brownsville, Texas.) Size small, form moderately slender. Interocular space broad, slightly narrower than the broad interantennal space, ocellar spots distinct but irregular. Maxillary palpi elongate, with distal joint enlarging decidedly. Pronotum weakly convex, showing a slight latero-caudal discal flattening; outline elliptical, showing a distinct caudal truncation, point of greatest width meso-caudad. Tegmina and wings fully devel- oped, extremely delicate in structure (see generic description). Tegmina with margins of mesal third parallel; apex broadly rounded; mesal field occupying but one-third of costal margin. Supra-anal plate very strongly transverse; dorsal sur- face weakly concave; very weakly {produced between cerci, with free margin trans- verse, showing a weak convexity and a very feeble median emargination. Within the anal chamber, mcso-ventrad, from beneath two large, lateral, chitinous plates, a very wide subchitinous structure, with parts convergent, is produced caudad, with its short, stout, chitinous, distal portion armed above with very thickly set micro- scopic spines and terminating in a fringe of closely set, curved, spiniform hairs, arranged in a whorl. (Plate I, figs. 4 and 5.) The apex of this remarkable process is consequently flat and normally is carried resting just within the median eniar- MORGAN HEBARD 29 ginatlon of the subgenital plate, between the styles. Subgenital i^late with surface rather strongly convex, somewhat asymmetrical; lateral margins elevated, sinistral weakly concave, dextral moderately concave, to brief distal portion, which is de- cidedly asymmetrical and concave ventrad ; at the apices of the plate are situated small styles, slightly longer than wide, rounded and armed dorsad with numerous, separated, minute, short, stiff hairs. Characters of Female— Type. (Esperanza Ranch near Brownsville, Texas.) Agrees with male except in the following features. Form distinctly more robust. Interocular space very broad, slightly broader than the very broad interantennal space, ocellar spots weakly defined. Pronotum more ample, weakly convex, with- out trace of discal Battening; caudal truncation greater, point of greatest width caudad. " Tegmina slightly more corneous in structure, decidedly reduced, not reaching distal segments of abdomen; costal and sutural margins arcuato-con- vergent distad to moderately broadly rounded apex, which is situated mesad; discoidal sectors fewer (due to the tegminal reduction) and even more weakly de- fined. Wings strongly atrophied, padlike, but folded at juncture of anterior and posterior fields, reaching to median segment. Supra-anal plate strongly trans- verse, not as much so as in male, weakly triangularly produced, with apex feebly emarginate, showing indications of a weak medio-longitudinal sulcation. Sub- genital plate weakly convex, extensively deplanate meso-distad. free margin broadly convex and showing a very weak flattening at the cereal bases. Measurements {in millimeters) BrOWns\-ille, Texas Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of ^ body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen Described To polype 9.5 2.7 3.9 10.8 3.8 Topotypes (7) 9.8-10.4 2.8 4-4.2 10.6-11.2 3.8-4 9 ■Type 8.7 3 4-3 ^^^ 3-2 Topotypes (2) 10. 2-10. 5 3-3.1 4 -4-4 -6 6.2-6.4 3 -3-3 -6 Coloration. Pronotum shining blackish brown, strikingly marked with buff (Plate I, Figs, i and 6). Dorsum of abdomen shining blackish brown. Tegmina: male, translucent shining Sudan brown, gradually becoming paler in shade toward the mar- gins; female, translucent shining deep argus brown, much paler toward costal margins, particularly proximad. Wings hyaline, with veins almost colorless. Head tawny, eyes blackish brown. Antennae, ocellar spots, maxillary palpi and limbs ochraceous- tawmy. \'entral surface of body varying in different specimens from blackish to suffused tawny. 3' This condition clearly accompanies reduction in the tegmina. MEM. .\M. ENT. SOC, 2. 30 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Immature examples have the buff portions of the pronotum relatively somewhat more extensive than in the adults, while the mesonotum and metanotum are also of this color, broadly mar- gined caudad with the dark brown general coloration of the dorsal surface. In some individuals, the lateral margins of the proximal dorsal abdominal segments, the caudal margins of the last two dorsal abdominal segments, the supra-anal plate and the cerci are also of the paler coloration. Beneath, these examples are usually almost uniform, rather pale brown. In the vicinity of Brownsville, the species was found not uncom- mon in rats' nests, Neotoma sp., under the dense tangle of bushy vegetation, palms and vine tangles, growing near the Rio Grande. In this environment, it was also found in the leaves and dry litter on the ground, and one immature example was taken from the dead petiole of a palm, hanging from the tree. The species is known only from the material here studied. Specimens Examined: i8; 8 males, 3 females and 7 immature males. Brownsville, Texas, V, 7, 1907, (H. S. Barber), 3 juv. d^, [U. S. N. M.]. Fort Brown, Brownsville, Tex., VIII, 5, 1912, (Hebard; in rats' nests), 6 cf, 3 juv. cf , [Hebard Cln.]. Piper Plantation, near Brownsville, Tex., VIII, 3, 1912, (Rehn and Hebard; in leaves and dry litter), i (f , 2 9, [A. N. S. P. and Hebard Cln.]. Esperanza Ranch, near Brownsville, Tex., VI and VIII, 4, 1904, (C. Schaef- fer), I cf , I 9 type, i juv. d', [Bklyn. Inst.]. AGLAOPTERYX ^~ new genus The present genus shows type B^^ armament of the ventro- cephalic margin of the cephalic femora, rather strongly deplanate head, widely separated eyes, tegmina with oblique discoidal sec- tors^"^ (these formed by the median \'ein, its branches and the ulnar vein) and dorsal surface of male abdomen not specialized. '2 From 07X06? = beautiful and Trrepnf = wing. ^' As generally understood for the Pseudomopinae; type .\, indicates that the \-entro- cephalic margins of the cephalic femora are armed with a series of spines, all of similar general character; type B, that the series of spines is abruptly contrasted, the more proximal being elongate and heavy, the more distal minute and very slender. ^■' This can not be observed in A. gemma, due to the reduction of these (organs. The less reduced tegmina of A. diaphana are, howexer, otherwise \cr\ similar antl show clearly this feature. MORGAN HE BARD 31 The genus shows nearest relationship to Mareta,^'' Euthlastohlatta and Dendroblatta,^^ the stouter limbs, however, show rather a devel- opment toward the t\-pe found in Ceratinoptera.^'^ Though dis- tinct, closer affinity with Dendroblatta is indicated. The genus is apparently confined in distribution to the south- eastern Ignited States, the Bermudas, Bahamas and West Indies; it includes two species, diaphana (Fabricius) and gemma here described. Genotype: Aglaopteryx gemma new species. Generic Description. — The sexes show but little differences in size and form. Size medium small, form rather broad, structure very delicate for the group. Head broad, eyes widely separated, face evenly and weakly convex, lateral margins from eyes to bases of jaws decidedly convergent. IMaxillary palpi short for the group, with last joint as long as, to longer than, penultimate joint. Devel- opment of organs of flight of equal degree in both sexes. Teg- mina moderately reduced'*^ or abruptly truncate, ^^ with discoidal sectors, when present, oblique. Wings moderately reduced or absent, when present with venation rather irregular, few costal veins but little enlarged distad and intercalated triangle very small. Dorsal surface of male abdomen not specialized; supra-anal plate very sm.all, transverse, weakly produced; cerci rather short, deplanate abo\-e, with about twelve joints. Cephalic femora rather stout; ventro-cephalic margin of same with or without a few long, stout spines proximad, distad always with a closely set row of minute spines, terminated by two \ery elongate spines. Ventro-caudal margin of cephalic femora unarmed, except for one or two distal spines; ^"entral margins of median and caudal femora supplied with elongate, moderately stout spines. Tarsal joints appreciably more elongate than in Euthlastohlatta, not as decidedly elongate as in Dendroblatta, pulvilli similar in these genera. Dis- tinct but small arolia present. 3* Described by Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixiv, p. 371, (1895). ^* Described by Rehn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xlii, p. 231, (1916). "Described by Brunncr, Xou\-. Syst. Blatt., p. 75, (1865). For definite restriction of this genus see Hebard, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xlii, y>. 125, (1916). ^* In A. diaphana. ^' In A. gemyyja. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 32 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Aglaopteryx gemma new species (Plate I, figures 9 to 12.) The present species has been incorrectly recorded as "Ceratin- optera' diaphana'° to which it is closely allied; it is found to differ from that insect, however, in the anchor shaped, not transverse, bar of the dark marking in the pronotal disk; the more reduced and sharply truncate tegmina; absence of wings; dorsal surface of abdomen beautifully maculate with blackish brown, pale red- " Aglaopterym diaphana (Fabricius) 1792. B[latta] diaphana Fabricius, Ent. Syst., ii. p. II. [Islands of South America (West Indies).] Ceratinoptera diaphana of Brunner and subsequent authors. This species has been recorded by various authors from the West Indies; all records from the United States by Rehn and Hebard and by Davis (excepting that from Big Pine Key, Florida, which was based on an immature example of Latiblattella rehni) apply to A. gemma. In this species the bar of the dark marking in the pronotal disk is normally transverse; the tegmina are reduced, extending slightly beyond, to falling distinctly short of, the apex of the abdomen, but never truncate distad; the wings are present but reduced; the dorsal surface of the abdomen is normally very dark, narrowly margined with buffy; the male subgenital plate is distinctive. This plate is small, convex, irregularly pro- duced, with two large, irregular concavities mesad on the distal margin, occupied by broad styles; the sinistral a brief lobe, broader than long; the dextral large and flattened, with mesal extremity produced in an elongate finger, about three times as long as broad, with tapering but blunt apex directed sinistrad; mesad between the styles the plate is briefly and narrowly produced, this almost equal in length to the sinistral style, while be- tween this and the dextral style is situated an elongate, slender, chitinous, almost straight, sharply pointed projection, extending as far distad as sinistral style. The cephalic femora have the ventro-cephalic margin with distal spines even more elongate than in gemma, two or three in number; the ventro-caudal margin is often supplied with other spines beside the distal one. These observations are based on the following material now before us. Paget West, Bermuda, I, 2 to V, 17, 1909, (F. M. Jones), 30^, 3?. i juv. r. EXT. SOC, 2. 40 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE hook, curving strongly dorsad then dextrad but with distal portion straight, hollow, with external face convex but with a faint medio-longitudinal sulcus which ter- minates just before the rounded apex. Subgenital plate not large, somewhat asym- metrical; with two elongate, heavy, inset plates (the styles) lying dorsad along the nearly straight lateral portions of the distal margin (of w-hich the dextral i)ortion is the more strongly produced), produced and adjacent mesad in slender, flattened projections; the disto-mesal portion of the plate slanting upward, triangularly produced, completely filling the space between the proximal portions of these pro- jections; w^hile within, from base of sinistral projection, a somewhat more strongly chitinous, flattened, cylindrical process is directed dorso-caudad, its apex slightly broadening and faintly roughened, with distal margin rounded, situated between the distal portions of the styles," not enlarged and flattened caudad and in an abruptly different plane to the dorsal surface of the shaft as inL. lucifrons. Limbs and armament of same as given in generic description. Allotype. — 9 ; same data as type. [Hebard Collection.] Description of Allotype. — Agrees with type except in the following features. Form slightly broader. Head with interocular space wader, about two-thirds as wide as space between antennal sockets. Tegmina slightly, but appreciably, less elongate, with structure as in male. Dorsal surface of abdomen unspecialized. Supra-anal plate triangular in general outline, with a medio-longitudinal sulcus; lateral margins weakly concave, meso-distad the plate is weakly emarginate. Sub- genital plate large, scoop-shaped, extending a little beyond apex of supra-anal plate, lateral portions produced and raised, with margin convex to point where cerci pro- ject, there rather decidedly obtuse-angulate, rounded emarginate, with remaining portion of free margin convex to a rather deep, longitudinal, linear cleft meso-distad. Measurements {in millimeters) T] Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen Ojus, Florida, /^ar- (itypes (5) 10.7-11.8 3-33 4-3-4-7 12. 6-13. 6 3-4-4 Miami, Florida, type 1 1. 9 31 4-4 13-7 4 Miami, Florida, paratypes (15) 10.5-11.7 2.8-3.2 4.2-4.5 11. 4-13. 6 3.4-4 Homestead, Flori- da, paratype . . 12 3.1 4.3 13.5 4.3 Lakeland, Florida 12.9 3.4 4.7 13-7 4-4 *' This process can not be seen in any of the specimens before us, without removing either the supra-anal or subgenital plate. MORGAN HEBARD 41 9 Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of body pronotum pronotum tegnien tegmen Ojus, Florida. . . . (5) I0.8-I2.2 4.4-4.8 10. 4-1 I. 3 3-6-3-^ Miami, Florida. allotype II-3 3-2 4 5 II .2 3-7 Miami, Florida, paratypes (5) 10. 9-1 I .8 3 • 2-3 ■ 5 4.4-4.6 10. 3-1 1. 5 3-6-4 Homestead, Flori- da, para type . . . II 31 4-5 II. 7 3-9 Coloration. — Glossy; warm buff in general coloration. Head warm buff with flattened inter-ocular-ocellar area prout's brown, this broken mesad by twin spots of warm buff; several flecks of prout's brown on face below this marking. Eyes deep mummy brown. Antennae snuff brown, paler proximad. Maxillary palpi sepia, with proximal joints somewhat paler. Pronotum with disk warm buff, supplied with a few^^ very small dots of prout's brown, lateral areas transparent and almost colorless. Tegmina trans- parent warm buff, with marginal field almost colorless. Wings hyaline, faintly tinged with buffy in area of costal veins, principal veins translucent, dark buffy brown. Dorsal surface of abdomen warm buff, suffused on either side with mummy brown, ventral surface of general coloration, suffused on either side with a moder- ately broad band of dark mummy brown, which is more decided in the male, the remaining narrow lateral borders pale buffy, both dorsad and ventrad. Cerci prout's brown. Immature examples are antimony yellow^ to ochraceous-buft" in general coloration, with the darker markings as in the adults more tawny, while the submarginal dark suffusions of the dorsal sur- face of the abdomen are continued on the metanotum, and fre- quently this color appears strongly on themesonotum meso-laterad, immediately within the tegminal projections. In the intensive condition, the dark brown marking is there triangular on each side. This type of coloration prevents confusion of immatures of this species with those of any other Florid ian form. The insect was found very widely distributed throughout the pine woods {Piniis caribaea) in extreme southeastern Florida. ^' In specimens of intensive coloration this area is distinctly speckled, while the inter- ocular dark area is almost solid. MEM. .AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 42 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Though its probable natural daytime habitat is under the bark of these trees, the series was taken almost exclusively under signs on the trunks, sometimes as many as eight or ten examples being under one sign. The insects when disturbed were active, but seldom attempted flight, running about on the trunk to hide in cracks of the bark or dropping to the ground. With them were frequent colonies of Etirycotis floridana, more rarely of Peri- planeta australasiae, while in one case a specimen of Parcoblatta fiilvescens was noted to be not only more active in its movements, but quick to seek safety in flight. The material recorded below represents all that has been se- cured of the present species. Specimens Examined: ^6 \ 45 males, 23 females, 18 immature individuals. Newberry, Florida, XI, 19, 191 1, (W. T. Davis), i juv. d" , [A. N. S. P.]. Lakeland, Fla., (G. G. Ainslie), i d', [Fox Cln.]; Ill, 28, 1912, (\V. T. Davis), I juv. c^; V, 5, 1912, (W. T. Davis), i d, [Davis Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. Fort Myers, Fla., IV, 2, ifi2, (\V. T. Davis), i juv. d, [Davis Cln.]. Punta Gorda, Fla., XI, 14, 191 1, (G. P. Englehardt), i small juv., [A. M. X. H.].. Everglade, Fla., IV, 9, 1912, (W. T. Davis), i d [Davis Cln.]. Marco, Fla., IV, 18, 1912, (W. T. Davis), i d, [Davis Cln.]. Chuluota, Fla., X, 2, 1902, (H. S. Barber), i small juv., [U. S. X. M.]. Deerfield, Fla., Ill, i, 1916, (Hebard; under sign on Finns clansa), i juv. cf, [Hebard Cln.]. Fort Lauderdale, Fla., Ill, i, 1916, (Hebard; under signson Finns caribaea, i bred adult III, 16), 4 d, 3 ? , paratypes, [Hebard Cln.]. Ojus, Florida, II, 29, 1916, (Hebard; under signs on Finns caribaca, 9 bred adult III, 6 to V, 9), 5 c^, 5 9 , paratypes, [Hebard Cln.]. Miami, Fla., (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), i d, paratype, [M. C. Z.]; II, i, 1904, (Hebard), I juv. 9 , [Hebard Cln.]; II, 6, 1913, (Hebard; hotel porch, attracted to light on pre- vious night), I d, paratype, [A. X. S. P.]; II, 7, 1904, (Hebard; under sign on Finns caribaca on edge of town), i d,2 9 , type, allotype, paratype, [Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]; II, 28, 1916, (Hebard; under signs on Finns caribaea, \iort\on bred adult II, 29 to IV, 7), 13 c?, 4 9 , paratypes. 3 juv. d, 4 juv. 9 , [Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. Cocoanut Grove, Fla., HI, 3, 191 7, (Hebard; under signs on Finns caribaea, portion bred adult HI, 3 to 12), 11 cr,8 9, paratypes, ^ juv., |Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. Homestead, Fla., HI, 18, 1910, (Hebard; under bark of pine log, Finns caribaea), I d", paratype; VII, 11, 1912, (Rehn and Hebard; dead in spider web on railroad station, probably attracted to light at night), i 9 , paratype, [both Hebard Cln.]. Dade County, Fla., (E. A. Schwarz), 4 d', [U. S. N. M.]. Big Pine Key, Fla., IX, 19, 1913, (W. T. Davis), i juv. d, [Davis Cln.]. MORGAN HEBARD 43 Latiblattella lucifrons new species (Plate I, figures 18 to 23.) 1907. BlutteUa dihitata Rehn, {not Blatta dilatata Saussure, 186S). Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila., 1907, p. 26. [c^, 9 , Palmerlee and Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.] 1910. Blattella dilatata Rehn, (not Blatta dilatata Saussure, 1868), Kansas Univ. Sci. Bull., x\', p. 300. [o\ 9 , Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona, 5000 to 8000 feet.] At the time the above determinations-^^ were made, Saussure's dilatata was known only from the female type from Orizaba, Mexico, with the description of which, females of the present species agreed better than with those of any other known species. Though we unfortunately have no topotypic material of that species, we have a pair from San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, and a male from Sierra El Tosti, Lower California, the latter taken in Octo- ber, 1893. by Gustav Eisen. These specimens are apparently typical of dilatata. When compared with the present species, the males are found to be in general quite similar, but with very dis- tinctive genital characters, of which one of the most striking is the production of the latero-caudal angles of the sixth dorsal abdom- inal segment and the decided constriction of the seventh and eighth. The female is, in general, quite similar to that sex of the present species, but has the tegmina and wings less reduced, ex- tending, as in the type of dilatata, slightly beyond the apex of the abdomen. The present species shows nearest relationship to L. rehiii, males of this insect bear to males of that species a close resemblance; they are separable by genital features, by the wilder interocular space, strikingly paler vertex and normally decidedly heavier ventro-lateral brown bands. ' In both sexes the head has the inter- ocular-ocellar area more flattened, with eyes less decidedly pro- jecting laterad, than in rehni. The females of the two species are very different; in rchni this sex does not dift'er widely from the male, while in the present species the sexes are very dissimilar, the female having the pronotum much broader with caudal mar- gin nearly straight, while the disk of the pronotum is much more embrowned, as is the dorsum of the abdomen, which is but partly concealed by the consideral)ly more abbrexiate tegmina and wings. ^'^ All of the material upon which these were based is now before us and is listed below. MEM. AM. EXT. SOC, 2. 44 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Type. — c/^ ; Santa Rita Alountains, Arizona. Elevation 5000 to 8000 feet. July. (F. H. Snow.) [University of Kansas Collec- tion.] Description of Type. — Size medium, form moderately broad. Head with inter- ocular space fully three-quarters that between antennal sockets; inter-ocular-ocellar area distinctly flattened; ocellar spots moderately distinct; very small circular areas with surfaces very feebly convex are apparent meso-ventrad and adjacent to antennal sockets. Maxillary palpi with distal joint large, in length not quite equal to penultimate joint, which is shorter than third joint in relatively greater ratio. Pronotum as in rehni. Tegmina and wings much as in that species, the wings, however, with veins slightly paler. Abdomen with proximal dorsal seg- ments unspecialized; sixth with a semicircular depression mesad, even deeper and more sharply defined than in rehni, fringe of hairs cephalad similar, but with hairs on dorso-cephalic face of knob decidedly shorter, agglutinated and parting from a medio-longitudinal line, caudad of the knob the segment is subchitinous as in rehni, but with margin convex, feebly produced, showing very slight emarginations at the latero-caudal bases of the knob, latero-caudal margins of this segment weakly sub- rectangulate produced with apex bluntly rounded; succeeding segments decidedly constricted, decidedly narrower in transverse section, brief exposed portions of seventh and eighth segments very delicate in structure. Supra-anal plate trans- verse, weakly triangularly produced with apex weakly bilobate. Ventro-mesad, within the anal chamber, a soft integument projects from base of subgenital plate, with filaments converging distad and terminating in an acute-angulate projection with apex rounded, soft, except narrowly along its dextral margin where it is chiti- nous, the lateral margin of this chitinous section being thickly supplied with minute, microscopic, chitinous spines, directed cephalo-laterad. Above this integument, a similar but more slender, soft integument extends farther caudad, above from this mantle springs an elongate, spiral, chitinous thorn, longer than the analogous thorn in rehni, directed caudad. Subgenital plate not large, somewhat asymmetrical; the disto-mesal section of this plate is produced, directed upward, its margin roughly rotundato-angulate on each side and slightly more produced sinistrad; the mesal portion of the plate is deeply cleft on each side toward its mesal section, the lateral sections thus formed being produced mesad over the mesal section in two slender, flattened projections (the styles), while within from the base of the sinistral process a more strongly chitinous, cylindrical process is directed perpendicularly dorsad, with enlarged apex flattening out caudad with margins rounded, its flattened dorsal surface on a level with the slender projecting apices of the lateral processes. Limbs and armament of same as given in generic description. Allotype. — 9 ; same data as type. [University of Kansas Col- lection.] Description of Allotype. — Agrees with male except in the following features. F"orm much broader. Head with interocular space wider, fully four-fifths as wide as I MORGAN HEBARD 45 space between antennal sockets. Pronotum very decidedly broader, with caudal angles much more sharply rounded. Tegmina and wings decidedly reduced, fall- ing slightly short of apex of abdomen, the tegmina more corneous in structure with discoidal sectors fewer (6 often, due to the decided reduction). Dorsal surface of abdomen not specialized. Supra-anal plate broad, triangular in general outline, with apex blunted (in other specimens slightly emarginate), lateral margins weakly concave (in other specimens to varying degrees). Subgenital plate of same type as in rehni, but with lateral portions not as much raised, emargination where cerci project less decided and meso-distal cleft shorter. Measurements {in miUimeters) -, Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of *-' body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona, type 12.3 3.3 4.8 13 -7 4- Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona, /)ara/ypc5 . . (3) 11.9-13.4 3-3-3-4 4MS I3-9-I4-6 4I-4-2 Huachuca Mountains, Arizona 12. i 3.2 4.6 13.7 4.3 9 Santa Rita Mountains, \r\zonsL, allotype ... . 12.5 3.8 5.5 8.7 3.7 Huachuca Mountains, Arizona (3) 12. 2-13. 7 3-7-4 5-3-5-6 8.6-9 3-4-3 -^ Coloration. — cf. Glossy ; warm buff in general coloration. Head with vertex strikingly pale buff, ocellar spots of same color, the remaining portions of face maculate with prout's brow^n. Eyes deep mummy brown. Antennae proximad warm buff, darker beyond specialized joints. Maxillary palpi warm buff somewhat suffused with brown. Pronotum as in rehui. Tegmina and wings much as in that species, the latter with veins paler. Dorsal sur- face of abdomen warm buff, but very broadly suffused on each side with mummy brown, leaving only narrow lateral margins and a mesal line of the paler coloration; ventral surface warm buff suf- fused on either side with a heavy band of dark muninu- brown, the remaining brief lateral borders of these segments narrowly whitish. Cerci prout's brow^n. 9 . Similar to male, but generally the l)rowns are more tawn\- This particularly noticeable on disk of pronotum, w'hich is mottled ochraceous-buff and ochraceous-tawny, with specks of cinnamon. MEM. .AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 46 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Tegmina transparent buckthorn brown. Dorsal surface of abdo- men more heavily suffused, mesal line absent in darker specimens. General coloration of ventral surface of abdomen, russet. Ootheca. — The only ootheca before us is very slightly extruded. We can, however, say that the surface is smooth, the caudal mar- gin perpendicular, feebly convex throughout, the width 3.1 milli- meters. It is carried with suture dorsad. The material recorded below is all that is known of this inter- esting species. Specimens Examined: 12; 7 males and 5 females. Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, (C. Schaeffer), i d', 4 9 , [B. I., U. S. N. M. and Hebard Cln.]. Garces, Huachuca Mountains, Ariz., i d", [U. S. N. M.]. Santa Rita ^Mountains, Ariz., over 5000 feet, VI, VII, (F. H. Snow), 4 d", i 9 with ootheca, type, allotype, paratypes, [Univ. Kansas, Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. Kit's Peak Rincon, Baboquivari Mountains, Ariz., 4000 feet, VIII, i, 1916, (Rehn and Lutz; at light), i &, [A. M. N. H.]. SUPELLA Shelford 191 1. Supella Shelford, Ent. Monthly Mag., ser. 2, xxii, p. 155. Of the genera here considered, nearer relationship is found to Latiblattella, the present genus differing widely in the conspicuous rounded angulation formed at the juncture of the interocellar space and the ocellar areas, the extremely slender limbs, with cephalic femora showing type A armament of the ventro-cephalic margins and the strongly oblique discoidal sectors of the tegmina. The genus is known from a single species. Genotype : Supella supellectilium [BlaUa supellectilium] (Ser- ville). Generic Description. — Sexes decidedly different in form. Head with eyes well separated ; inter-ocular-ocellar area decidedly flattened, raised so that ocellar areas are very sharply defined with rounded angle there formed conspicuous. Tegmina in fully developed condition (only in male) delicate, not broad; discoidal sectors numerous (usually 9 to 11), strongly oblique. Tegmina decidedly reduced in female. Wings hyaline, faintly iridescent; costal veins feebly clubbed distad, intercalated triangle small but evident. Abdomen of male with sixth dorsal segment specialized MORGAN HEBARD 47 and succeeding segments transversely constricted. Subgenital plate of male fusing and specialized with styles. Subgenital plate of female not strongly produced. Limbs extremely slender. Ceph- alic femora with \entro-cephalic margin armed with a row of moderately long and rather stout spines, which gradually decrease in length, with distal series short, terminated by two distal spines elongate in increasing ratio. \'entro-caudal margin of cephalic femora unarmed, ventral margins of other femora armed with occasional, irregularly placed, elongate spines. First three tarsal joints very elongate, with minute distal pulvilli, fourth joint sub- quadrate with distal half of brief ventral surface occupied by a pulvillus. Small arolia present. Supella supellectilium (Serville) (Plate I, figures 24 to 27.) 1839. Blatta supellectilium Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins., Orth., p. 114. [&, 9 ; Mau- ritius.] Shelford has established the following synonymy for the present species; Blatta ciibensis, capensis and phalerata of Saussure; Blatta incisa, extenuata, subfasciata, transver salts, figurata and Ischnoptera quadriplaga of Walker, and Phyllodromia delta of Kirby. The striking color variation, due entirely to decided intensifica- tion and recession, has in part been the cause of the synonymy given above. Though in certain regions distinct types would at first glance seem to exist, further examination shows that such distinction would be untenable, individuals in large series from the same locality always showing an extremely wide range in inten- sive and recessive coloration.''" The dissimilarity of the sexes is striking. Characters of Male. — (Key West, Florida.) Size medium small, form e.xtremely slender. Head elongate; interocular space distinctK' narrower than the broad eyes; very small ocellar areas ample and perpendicular to flattened inter-ocular- ocellar area; slightly raised, circular areas present meso-ventrad of, and adjacent to, antennal sockets; face, below transverse \entral margin of inter-ocular-ocellar ^^ Egyptian and South African material before us shows the great variability in the degree of coloration in the present species. The Egyptian examples are very pale, with darker markings weakly defined. The South African specimens are brilliantly colored, with dark markings sharply defined and often with a pale mesal spot on the pronotum; these further show a greater size development than in any other series before us. Noth- ing warranting geographic racial distinction is to be found. MEM. AM. EXT. SOC, 2. 48 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE area, deplanate for a short distance, then transversely convex, with lateral margins converging ventrad. Maxillary palpi extremely elongate and slender. Pronotum transversely very weakly raised; lateral portions narrow, rather opaque and mod- erately deflexed, with immediate margins upcurved; caudad, above the insertion of the tegmina, the pronotum, to its disk, is distinctly convex; caudal margin trans- verse (varying from very weakly convex to very weakly concave). Channels be- tween discoidal sectors of tegmina as pronounced as the veins. Dorsal surface of abdomen unspecialized to fifth segment, there showing a slightly raised and rounded convex ridge mesad at its caudal margin, this ridge forms the cephalic portion of the periphery of a circular, deeply depressed area, mesad on the sixth segment, which is bounded by a slightly raised and rounded ridge and has its floor heavily clothed with agglutinated hairs directed meso-cephalad, thus forming a low, sub- conical tuft, latero-caudal angles of segment not produced and broadly rounded; seventh segment decidedly constricted, caudal margin transverse; eighth segment and supra-anal plate even more strongly constricted, with caudal margin of eighth segment broadly convex, thus embracing all but distal portion of supra-anal plate. Supra-anal plate narrowly visible, feebly triangularly produced, with apex weakly emarginate. Dorsad the anal chamber is filled proximad by two, irregularly rounded, chitinous plates, flattened caudad, beneath which projects a soft integu- ment, terminated by a small, somewhat twisted, chitinous plate, with ventral mar- gin convex and acute-angulate dorso-distad. Subgenital plate strongly triangularly produced, the lateral margins with a sudden, shallow offset on each side from which spring rather large, elongate, simple styles, directed along the margin of the plate toward its apex, which is convex and rather deeply and narrowly cleft. Characters of Female.— {Key West, Florida.) Agrees with the male except in the following features. Form moderately stout. Head distinctly broader; interocular space distinctly wider than eyes; ocellar areas decidedly smaller, rounding more sharply into inter-ocular-ocellar area; ocellar spots smaller and feebly defined. Pronotum in general similar but more ample, with contour more even and areas above insertion of tegmina hardly raised. Tegmina much shorter, extending only to end of abdomen and more chitinous in structure; discoidal sectors (usually 8 or 9 and more crowded, due to tegminal reduction) and intervening channels much less strongly defined. Dorsal surface of abdomen unspecialized. Supra-anal plate transverse, weakly triangularly produced, with apex briefly rectangulate emargi- nate. Subgenital plate large and broad, distal margin truncate and very weakly convex, showing a weak, obtuse-angulate, rounded emargination at point where cerci project. Measurements {in millimeters) Key West, Florida 11.3 Key West, Florida 1 1 . 5 Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegnjen 11 -.3 2.8 3-6 II 3-1 II-5 2.9 3-7 II. 6 3-3 MORGAN HEBARD 49 Q Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of * body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen Miami, Florida 12 3.7 4.3 8.2 3.3 Key West, Florida 10 3.4 4.1 8.3 3.3 Key West, Florida 11. 8 3.3 4.1 7.8 3.2 Coloration. — cf . Recessive. General coloration ochraceous-buff . Head with occiput to below antennal sockets ochraceous-tawny, face and genae suffused with blackish chestnut brown. Prono- tum with disk ochraceous-taw^ny, remaining portions transparent ochraceous-buff, except latero-caudad, w^here two blotches of deep chestnut brown occur. Tcgmina transparent buckthorn brown, tinged w^ith cinnamon brown proximad, paler distad, sutural mar- gin ochraceous-buff, merging gradually into the darker color, except- ing near the apex of the anal field, w^here a broad band of this paler color crosses the tegmen. Wings hyaline with a faint iri- descence, area of costal veins tinged with buffy, this decided meso- distad. Limbs and abdomen unicolorous ochraceous-buff. In the more usual intensive type of coloration the occiput is ochra- ceous orange, the pronotal disk deep chestnut brown, this color ex- panding caudad and embracing the entire caudal margin. The tegmina proximad and mesad beyond the pale transverse band are translucent cinnamon brown. Every gradation between these conditions occurs. 9 . Similarly marked but usually of darker coloration than the male. The pale median transverse tegminal band is reduced to a triangular in^'asion of the more uniformly dark tegmen. In the immature stages the coloration is similar, but the mes- onotum bears two chestnut-brown diffused triangular markings at the caudal margin, immediately within the area occupied by the tegminal pads. The metanotum is uniformly pale. The abdo- men is also uniformly pale, except laterad the two proximal dorsal segments are tinged with darker brown, while the entire median segment is dark chestnut brown. This circumtropical domiciliary species has only become estab- lished in the United States in extreme southern Florida. The fol- lowing series has all been correctly recorded by Rchn and Hebard, MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 50 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE the Miami specimen ha\ing previously been recorded by Rehn as the synonymous Phyllodromia cubensis (Saussure). Specimens Examined: 14; 8 males, 5 females and i immature individual. Miami, Florida, (P. Laurent), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Key West, Fla., VII, 3 to 7, 1913, (Rehn and Hebard; under the counters of a fruit store, in folds of old burlap bags, in company with Bhitlella germanica, Leuro- lestes pallidiis, Periplaneta americana and Holocompsa mtidtila), 8 c?, 4 ?- i J^v. 9 , [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. CARIBLATTA Hebard 1916. Cariblatta Hebard, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xlii, p. 148. The present genus, the majority of the species of which are found in the West Indies and northeastern South America, shows much the nearest relationship to the large tropical American genus Neoblattella.^^ At the time of publication, the author had not deter- mined the proper position of Blattella in the Group Blattellites and, as Shelford had placed Neoblattella after that genus, the same course was followed for the present genus. The genus In linear arrange- ment should, however, follow Supella and come before Neoblattella, the latter genus preceding Blattella. Genotype, by original designation : Cariblatta piinctidata [Blatta pimctulata] (Beauvois). Generic Characters.^- — Size small to very small, form moderately slender to distinctly slender for the group. Sexes showing but little difference In size and form.«=' Head with eyes well separated, inter-ocular-ocellar area weakly defined, weakly flattened; ocellar areas not strongly defined. Pronotum weakly convex, lateral margins convex, caudal margin convex truncate. Tegmlna (In normally full developed condition"^) delicate, not broad; discoldal sectors few (in the majority of species 5, In hisularis and possibly punctipennis often 6), longitudinal. Wings hyaline, weakly to 6' This genus was compared with Ccmblatta, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xlii, p. 148, footnote 3. "- The original description of the genus is much more detailed, only the most important characters being here given. "3 Though but slight differences in size and form are found in the sexes of lutea, the sexes of this species are distinctly more dissimilar than those of any of the other species of the genus. '^* The only known species of the genus, in which distinct reduction of the organs of flight occurs, is lutea. MORGAN HEBARD 5 1 distinctly iridescent^^; costal veins strongly and briefly clubbed distad; intercalated triangle small but evident. Dorsal surface of male abdomen not specialized. Subgenital plate of male simple or greatly specialized, symmetrical or asymmetrical; styles of varied distinctive types. Femora slender. Cephalic femora with ventro-cephalic margin supplied proximad with (usually four) long, widely spaced spines, the more distal shortest, succeeded dis- tad by a more closely set row of shorter spines, terminated by two long spines, the more distal the longer; ventro-caudal margin with two, widely spaced, long spines meso-distad and a single long distal spine. Other ventral femoral margins supplied with long spines. First three tarsal joints very elongate, each supplied dis- tad with a minute pulvillus *"^ produced In an elongate acute proc- ess; fourth tarsal joint subquadrate, with distal half of brief ven- tral surface occupied by a similar pulvillus. Small arolia present. The genus is now known to Include ten species and one geographic race. Cariblatta lutea lutea (Saussure and Zehntner) (Plate II, figures i and 2.) 1893. Ceratinoptera lutea Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth.. i, p. 48. [cf, ?: Georgia, Louisiana.] The present species divides into two races in the Ignited States. The present race is widely distributed over the southeastern United States, but is replaced by Iidea mini?na in southern peninsular Florida and In the Florida Keys. A single exotic specimen, from Banos San Vincente, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, is before us, a female referable to lutea lutea. This insect is much the smallest of the known species of the Blattellitcs found in the United States. It is ochraceous-buffy in general coloration, with head usually showing a transverse band of bister between the eyes and occasionally below this, one, rarely two, lesser bands of the same color. The pronotum is tinely pic- tured with snuff brown to bister. In the reduction of tegmina and wings the present species is distinct from the other known forms of the genus, of which near relationship is shown to the genotype, C. punctulata. From that ^= In Cariblatta imitans Hebard, alone, the wings show no trace of iridescence. *^ This condition is also found in Neoblattella. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 52 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Species, as well as from lutea minima, the present race may be distinguished, in the male, by having the distal margin of the sub- genital plate between the specialized styles broadly and rather weakly produced, the produced portion forming a strongly trans- verse rectangle. Females of lutea lutea can be separated from those of lutea minima only by their average larger size and less abbreviate tegmina. These features readily distinguish lutea lutea from any other form found over the regions here under consider- ation; a full description with extensive comparisons has recently been published." Measurements {in millimeters) of extremes in series^^ Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen o^ (6) 5 . 8-8 .1 1 . 8-2 .1 2 . 6-2 .8 5 . 2-6 . 6 2-2 . i 9 (14) 7-95 2.2-2.6 2.8-3.6 4.9-6 2.1-2.6 The extremes given appear to be due almost wholly to indi- vidual variation. The young of this species have the markings of the head and pronotum averaging more intensive than in the adults, with dorsal surface of abdomen dark, maculate with ochraceous-buffy mesad and laterad.*'^ The species is in large part terrestrial, being usually found among dead leaves and litter on the ground. Occasional speci- mens are, however, sometimes beaten from bushes. Individuals are decidedly active and are usually found in the greatest numbers in sandy situations. Specimens Examined: 51; 10 males, 31 females and 10 immature individuals. Roanoke Island, North Carolina, VII, 25, (G. P. Englehardt), i 9 , [Bklyn. Inst.]. Raleigh, N.C.,VI,8, 1905, i 9 , [A. N. S. P.]; VI, 23, 1904, (C. S. Brimley; under rubbish), i 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. ^^ Hebard, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xiii, pp. 165 to 170, pi. xiii, fig. 3, (1916). ^* Table given in full, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xiii, p. 167. ^^ In the generic study by the author, two very small immature examples of Farcoblatta sp. indet. from Southern Pines, North Carolina and Atlantic Beach, Florida, and one immature individual of Chorisoneura texensis Saussure and Zehntner from Natchez, Mississippi, were unfortunately recorded as this insect. These incorrect determina- tions do not affect the known distribution of the race, which distribution is defined by the records given below and the Louisianan and Cuban examples mentioned above. The coloration of the young of lutea is distinctive. MORGAN HEBARD 53 Favetteville, N. C, IX, 9, 191 1, (Rehn and Hebard; under dead oak leaves), I juv. d^, [Hebard Cln.]. SouthernPines, X.C. VI, 17 to VII, 22, I9i4and 1915. (A. H. Manee), i cf,4 9. [Davis and Hebard Cln.]. Wrightsville, X. C, IX, 7, 1911, (Rehn and Hebard), i juv. 9, [A. X. S. P.]. Swansea, South Carolina, VIII, 6, 1911, (F. Knab), i 9, [U. S. X. M.]. Thompson's Mills, Georgia, (H. A. Allard), 2 cf, i 9 , i juv. 9 , [U. S. X. M.]. IVIacon, Ga., VII. 31, 1913, (Rehn and Hebard; undergrowth of short-leaf pine and oak woods), i 9 , not retained. Warm Springs, Ga.. X'lII. 9 and 10, 1913, (Rehn; beaten from undergrowth), I 9 , I juv. 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Albany, Ga., VIII. i. 1913, (Rehn and Hebard; under needles in long-leaf pine woods), I 9. [Hebard Cln.]. Thomasville, Ga.. XII, 31. 1902. (Hebard; in dead oak leaves). 3 juv. d", [Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. Spring Creek. Ga.. VI. 7 to 2;^, 191 1, (J. C. Bradley), 3 o\ 5 ?- [Ga. State Cln., A. X. S. P. and Hebard Cln.]. Isle of Hope, Ga., IX. 3. 191 1. (Rehn and Hebard), i 9. [Hebard Cln.]. St. Simon's Island, Ga.. IV, 22 to V, 12, 1911, (J. C. Bradley), 2 9, [A. X. S. P. and Ga. State Cln.]. Billy's Island, Okeefenokee Swamp, Ga., VI, 191^, (J- C. Bradley), 2 9 , [Cornell Univ. and Hebard Cln.]. Suwannee Creek, Okeefenokee Swamp, Ga., VIII, 28, 191 1, (Rehn and Hebard), 1 9 . [A. X. S. P.]. Jacksonville. Florida. (T. J. Priddey), 2 9, [Hebard Cln.]. St. Augustine, Fla., (C. W. Johnson), i 9. [A. X. S. P.]. Ormond, Fla., III. 12 and 20, 1899, (W. S. Blatchley), 2 c?, [A. X. S. P. and Hebard Cln.]. La Grange, Fla.. IX. 10, 1913. (\V. T. Davis), i 9 . [Davis Cln.]. Lakeland. Fla.. VI. 8, 1912. XT, 8, 191 1, (W. T. Davis), i d", 2 9.'° [A. X. S. P. and U. S. X. M.]. Carrabelle, Fla., IX, 2 and 3, 1915, (Rehn and Hebard; beaten from hea\y scrub in damp spot of sand dune area and from high bush. Ilex htcida, fringing inland swampy areas), 2 9. [Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. River Junction. Fla.. N'lII, 31. 1915. (Rehn and Hebard), I juv. c:". [Hebard Cln.]. Springhill, Mobile County. Alabama, \'III, 25, 1915, (Hebard; undergrowth in long-leaf pine woods), i 9. [Hebard Cln.]. Mouth of Mary Walker Bayou, Mississippi, (C. B. Moore), I juv. d', [A. X. S. P.]. Natchez, Miss., VI, 15, 190c), (E. S. Tucker; at sugar), i cf , [U. S. X. M.]. "" These specimens show a tendency toward lutea ininima; the male has the production of the siibgenital plate only twice as broad as long. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 54 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Cariblatta lutea minima Hebard (Plate II, figures 3 to 5.) 1916. Cariblatta lutea minima Hebard, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc xlii, p. 170, pi. XIII, fig. 4. [cf, 9 ; localities listed in present paper.] This geographic race is confined to southern peninsular Florida and the Florida Keys. It may be separated from t^'pical Iiitea by the average smaller size; average paler and more yellowish buff, rather than distinctly cinnamon, tones of general coloration; more decided tegminal reduction, particularly in the male sex, in which these organs show fully as much reduction as in the female; appar- ently always vestigial wings, and by the narrower median pro- duction of the male subgenital plate. Type. — cf ; ?^Iiami, Florida. March 3, 1915. (M. Hebard.) [Hebard Collection, Type no. 418.] Description of Male. — Type. Size very small, form slighth' more robust than is nor- mal in typical lutea. Pronotum with point of greatest width at the latero-caudal angles, caudal margin nearly straight, more truncate than in this sex of lutea. '''^ Teg- mina decidedly reduced, reaching only to base of seventh dorsal abdominal segment; with three longitudinal discoidal sectors (thus the median vein branches but once) and no cross-veinlets. Wings vestigial. Supra-anal plate as in typical lutea. Sub- genital plate as in that race, but with specialized styles slightly closer to each other and production of intervening portion of distal margin very small, sub- quadrate, very slightly longer than wide. Allotype. — 9 ; Miami, Florida. March 14, 1916. (M. Hebard.) [Hebard Collection.] Description of Female. — Allotype. Similar to male, but larger and distinctly more robust. Pronotum slightly broader, caudal margin straight, truncate. Tegmina and wings much as in male, except that dextral tegmen has four discoidal sectors. Supra-anal plate very small, strongly transverse, weakly produced, with distal margin showing a small, short, median concavity. Subgenital plate as in t\pical lutea. Measurements {in millimeters) of extremes in series Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen cf (29) 5 4-7 -7 I. 8-2. I 2.6-3.1 3.6-s 1.7-2 9 (3.^) 5-8-« 2-2.3 2.7-3.3 3 -6-4 -7 1.8-2.2 " As we have found elsewhere in the Blattidae, tegminal reduction appears to be accompanied by a broadening of the pronotum, with a lessening of the convexity of the caudal margin and a coincident shifting caudad of the point of greatest pronotal width. The pronotal features given above show rather this adjustment than what might appear, to the casual observer, to be features separating the present race from lutea lutea and the species widely from the other members of the genus. MORGAN HEBARD 55 The flattening of the caudal margin of the pronotum is more pronounced in this race, which shows normally greater tegminal and wing reduction than does typical lutea. The young of this race are inseparable from those of hitea lutea. The habits of the insect agree fully with those of the more north- ern race; but, when present, we have found lutea minima decidedly the more numerous. The single ootheca before us is 1.8 mm. in depth. The dorsal and ventral margins are parallel and very slightly cur\'ed, the dor- sal (suture) being supplied with widely spaced, minute knobs"'-; the divisions of the Qgg sacks are distinctly indicated on the weakly roughened, moderately convex sides, by widely spaced vertical ines. The single example before us bearing an ootheca, is carry- ing this egg case with suture laterad.''^ Specimens Exanii}ied: 120; 44 males, 66 females, 10 immature individuals. Punta Gorda, Florida, XI, 14 to 16, 1911, (\V. T. Davis), i cf , i 9 , [Davis Cln.]; (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), i 9 with ootheca, [Hebard Cln.]. Fort Myers, Fla., Ill, 29 to V, 20, 1912, (W. T. Davis), 2 d", 2 9, [Davis Cln.]. Citrus Center. Fla., V, 2, 1912, (W. T. Davis), i d' , [Davis Cln.]. South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., IV, 30 to V, 2, 1912, (W. T. Davis), 11 d", 24 9 , I juv. 9 , [Davis and Hebard Clns.]. Marco, Fla., IV, 19, 1912, (\V. T. Davis), i 9, [Davis Cln.]. E\ erglade. Fla., IV, 5 to 13, 1912, (W. T. Davis), 10 cf, 23 9 , [Davis Cln., .\. X. S. P. and Hebard Cln.]. Chokoloskee, Fla.. IV, 8, 1912, (W. T. Davis), i 9. [Davis Cln.]. Miami, Fla., Ill, 4, 1916, (Hebard; Musa Isle, under dead petioles of cocoanut palm on sandy soil in grapefruit grove), 8 c?", 5 9, paratypcs, allotype, 2 juv. (f \ III, 8, 1915, (Hebard; Brickell's Hammock, on ground under lu.xuriant under- growth in opening of forest), I d", type, [Hebard Cln.]; HI, 20, 1910, (Hebard), I (f , paratype. i juv. d' , i juv. 9 , [Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. Virginia Key, Fla., Ill, il, 1915, (Hebard; under dark, water-soaked leaves in heavy red mangrove {Rhizophflra nunigte) swamp), i juv. o"", [Hebard Cln.]. Homestead, Fla., HI, 17 to 19, 1910, (Hebard), I cf, paratype; \'II, 10. 1912, (Hebard; under board in everglades), i cf , paratype, [both Hebard Cln.]. Key Largo, Fla., HI, 18, 1910, (Hebard), i 9, paratype, [Hebard Cln.]. Long Key, Fla., Ill, 13 and 17, 1910, (Hebard; under dead petioles of cocoanut palm on moist ground). 4 c^, 3 9 , paratypes, 2 juv. d, i juv. 9 , [Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. "- In C. punctidata these projections are blunth' triangular and not widely spaced. '■^ In a specimen of C. punctulata before us, the ootheca is carried with suture dorsad. It is known to be carried in both vertical and horizontal position in Parcoblalta pensylvanica. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 56 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Key West. Fla., I, 20, 1904, (Hebard), i o^ ; HI, 15 to 16, 1910, (Hebard; under boards, short grass in open), i cf, 4 ? • ^ J"v. 9 ; VII, 7. iQi^- (Rehn and Hebard; leaf mould in jungle key scrub), i -, Indiana.] The extensive series now l^efore us establishes beyond question the above synonymy. Both ?iigricollis and johnsoni were Ijased on males of a rather small condition having unusually pale teg- mina, which we find occurs only from southern Georgia to south- central peninsular Florida. The constancy of these differences over that area would suggest the presence of a geographic race, but even there rare exceptions occur and other series before us show that the size variation is decided, sometimes apparently due to geographic and sometimes evidently to individual variation, while occasional specimens are found having the tegmina paler than normal. This \-ariant. occurring as the usual development over certain areas, is in many ways comparable with the black variant found in the grasshopper, Romalea microptera.^^ Such differentiation is almost certainly due to a response to conditions of local environment and probably is in no way a fixed hereditary feature, the differences in environment at certain localities bring- ing about such differences to varying degrees in a series from the same locality. We are strongly opposed to nominal designation of such chromatomorjjhs, but, if that course was pursued, a name of higher significance than "variety" or "color variant" could not be assigned without absolute error. Unfortunately Rehn and Hebard described as the female of johnsoni, that sex of Parcoblatta nhleriana ,'^'' and in conseciucnce placed intricata^*' of Blatchle\' incorrect]}^ undur joJinsoni. *^ See Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad., Xat. Sci. Phila., 1916, p. 194, (1916). ^ All records of females of /. johnsoni in the literature are properly referable to P. uhleriana. *^ This name was also primarily based on females of P. uhleriana. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 64 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE When compared with the species of apparently nearest rela- tionship, /. vilis,^'^ the present insect is found to differ as follows: cf Lateral lobes of pronotum concolorous with disk, in vilis usually- weakly, sometimes strongly, defined in a paler color; wings with mesal marginal area of costal veins often paler than the surround- •ng portions, in vilis darker; incomplete rami of ulnar vein normally oblique; supra-anal plate distinctly more produced; meso-distal production of subgenital plate more decided ; styles of the general type found in /. morio and /. riifa, with dextral style distinctly the larger and armed on dorsal surface at apex only, in vilis the dextral style is very slightly the stouter, gradually taper- ing, with dorsal surface, from near the base, supplied with minute, chitinous spines; limbs normally unicolorous, in vilis the tibiae and tarsi are normally much paler than the other portions. 9 Interocular space narrower and very dark; tegmina subquad- rate with sutural margins attingent, in vilis lateral, broadly lance- olate, with sutural margins oblique to narrow, rounded apices. The following features are of importance in distinguishing the species. Male. (Plummer's Island, Maryland.) Size medium large, form moderately slender for the group. Interocular space slightly greater than interocellar space. Ocelli large, with flat surfaces rather sharply oblique to interocellar area, as m morio. Maxillary palpi rather short, fifth (distal) joint longer than third, fourth slightly shorter than third joint. Tegmina with point of greatest width meso-distad ; dis- coidal sectors slightly radiating, those toward the sutural margin being distinctly oblique to that margin. Dorsal surface of abdomen with sixth and seventh seg- ments alone specialized, showing the remarkable condition typical for the species of the genus.88 Supra-anal plate margined proximad by concave distal margin of preceding segment, its surface there broken by aweak, but distinct, transverse suture; free margin straight and oblique laterad to mesal third which is transverse, the angles thus formed blunt. In the anal orifice, beneath the base of each cercus, a heavily chitinous arm is directed mesad, both tapering to their acute apices, the sinistral considerably the longer and, toward the apex, curved dorso-cephalad. «' 1869. Ischnoptera vilis Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool., Ser. 2, xxi, p. 112. [ [cf ], Argentine Republic] The above comparisons are made from the following material before us of this species. Sapucay, Paraguay, X to III, 2, 1902 to 1904, (W. T. Foster), iid" , [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. Misiones, Argentina, XII, 12, 1910 and I, 191 1, (P. Jorgensen), 2cf , [A. N. S. P.]. La Cumbre, Cordoba, Argentina, (C. Lizer), i d", i 9 , [A. N. S. P.]. ** See generic description and pi. II, fig. 12. MORGAN HEBARD 6=; Beneath these a number of chitinous plates and smaller projections occur in the anal orifice, dextrad among which is found the process which we term the genital hook in the species of Parcoblatta, here sharplj^ recurved, much paler in color than the other chitinous processes, with recurved portion elongate, expanding slightly distad throughout, with a ventral, oblique cleft just before the rounded, hooded apex, giving the recur\ed portion a fanciful resemblance to a pitcher-plant. Sub- genital plate con\ex, but with surface weakly concave at dextral portion of free margin and at sinistro-mesal distal portion ; free margin dextrad rather decidedly convex to mesal point, there an irregularly rounded, sinistro-mesal i)roduction occupies half of the remaining distance to the sinistral cercus, the dextral margin of this production forming, at its base, a rectangle with the dextral portion of the free margin, remaining sinistral portion of free margin nearly straight, oblique, from base of production to base of cercus. Dextral style situated mesad on production at its apex, of same character as in riija; sinistral style also as in that species, situated near sinistral base of production. I.imbs and armament of same normal for the genus. Female. (Washington, District of Columbia.) Agrees with male except in the following features. Size larger, form decidedly more robust. Eyes separated by a decidedly greater space, slightly greater than that between the small ocellar spots, which are situated in an area rounding gently into the plane of the interocellar space. Pronotum without discal sulci. Tegmina subquadrate, with sutural margins attin- gent, costal margin very weakly convex, rounding rather sharply into the very weakly oblique, nearly transverse, distal margin, which shows a weak concavity toward the apex of the anal vein, sutural margin similar to costal margin. Wings small atrophied pads, their apices extending nearly to the distal margins of the tegmina. Dorsal surface of abdomen unspecialized. Supra-anal plate not strongly trian- gularly produced, with lateral margins very weakly concave, nearly straight, and apex rather sharply rounded. Cerci slightly shorter and stouter than in male. Subgenital plate convex, hardly produced, with free margin very broadh- and reg- ularly convex. Measurements {in millimeters) of extremes & Westville, New Jersey Plummer's Island, Maryland Tryon, North Carolina Raleigh, North Carolina .... Raleigh, North Carolina 14.7 Clayton, Georgia 15.5 St. Simon's Island, Georgia . . Enterprise, Florida Homestead, Florida Homestead, Florida Crawford County, Indiana. . . MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen 15 3-8 51 16.8 5-2 16 . 3.8 51 17 2 5-3 15.6 4 5-4 I.S 3 5(> 13 -2 :^?> 4 7 14 -> 4 3 14 7 3-8 4 9 15 6 4-9 155 4 51 17 1 5-2 II. 7 3-3 4-3 13 3 4 13 3-7 4.6 14 I 4-3 12 3 3-2 4-5 13 2 4.2 13 -3 4 51 15 8 4-7 137 4 5-3 18 5-3 66 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE d' Length of body Mountain Grove, Missouri. ... 17 Waco, Texas 16.5 9 Reega, New Jersey 14-5 Reega, New Jersey if? Washington, District of Colum- bia 15-5 Raleigh, North Carolina 13 • 3 Raleigh, North Carolina 16 Hebardville, Georgia 15 Jacksonville, Florida n Homestead, Florida Homestead, Florida Chokolo-skee, Florida Crawford County, Indiana. Ottawa. Kansas Mountain Grove, Missouri . Length of pronotum 4 4 3-8 4.2 4-7 4-7 4 4.6 4-7 4 4-5 5 5-2 4-7 5 5-2 Width of pronotum 5-3 5 5-3 6.2 6 5-2 6 5-9 4-9 5-7 6.9 7 6.4 6.8 7-3 Length of tegmen 19.6 16. Width of tegmen 6 51 3-9 4.6 The considerable size variation shown appears to us to be due, in large part, to local environmental conditions rather than to geographic influences. It is evident, however, that the largest size development occurs toward the centers of maximum devel- opment of the vegetation of the Upper Austral Zone, and again in Tropical Florida. Coloration.^^ — d" . General color of entire insect, except wings and limbs, shining blackish brown, on the tegmina becoming dis- tad slightly paler, chestnut brown, and translucent. Ocelli and clypeus pale buff. Limbs and spines ochraceous-orange. Teg- mina and wrings often inconspicuously margined, in area of costal veins, with bufty. Wings transparent, washed with chestnut bro\vn, this more decided in proximal portion of costal veins and distal area of anterior field, veins translucent chestnut brown. Only in the series from Crawford County, Indiana, are the tro- chanters and femora shining chestnut brown, strikingly darker than the tibiae and tarsi. '•'° 83 As we have noted in other species of Blatticlae, individuals of this species are very pale in color after moulting, becoming darker very gradually and only attaining their full coloration when the chitin has fully hardened. Such specimens are sometimes diffi- cult to determine. See footnotes 92 and 93. 8" As originally described by Brunner, but clearly not the normal condition over the greater portion of the species' distribution. MORGAN HEBARD 67 9 . General color shining black, with a brownish tinge very- weakly indicated. Ocellar spots pale buff. Clypeus and limits kaiser brown. Very rarely specimens are slightly paler in general coloration, but occasional individuals show the tegmina alone slightly paler than normal (i cf , Westville, N. J.; i d^,s 9 , Raleigh, X. C. ; i cf, Asheville, N. C; i cT, Keokuk, Iowa; i cf , Mountain Grove, Mo.), while the majority of specimens from southern Georgia and Florida, south as far as Lake Okeechobee (normal, from this region: I cf, St. Simon's Island, Ga. ; i 9, Hebardville, Ga.), have the tegmina alone decidedly paler than normal, deep chestnut brown proximad shading rapidly to sudan brown, the entire tegmina having a purplish iridescence. The decidedly different appear- ance of this color variation has led to the synonymy discussed above. In the present species the ootheca is carried with suture dorsad. The suture forms a conspicuous ridge with vertically fluted sides. The surface of the ootheca is apparently smooth, under a moderate magnification feebly shagreenous, with very faint traces of vertical division. The species is known over the entire eastern United States as far north as West Creek and Westville, New Jersey; Enola, Penn- sylvania; Marshall County, Indiana; west as far as Ottawa, Kansas, and Dallas, Kerrville and Victoria, Texas. Specimens Examined:^^ 194; 91 males, 58 females and 45 immature individuals. West Creelv, New Jersey, VIII, 28, 1914, (Rehn; trapped in molasses jar in tan- gle of briars), i 9, [A. N. S. P.]. Reega, Atlantic County, N. J., VII, 31 to VIII, 20, 1914, (Hebard; trapped in molasses jar in pine barrens), 99,3 ju\-. 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Swainton, N. J., VIII, 21, 1914. (Hebard; trapped in molasses jar in pine barrens), I juv. cf , [Hebard Cln.]. Westville, N. J., VI, 6, i &, [Hebard Cln.]. Wayne, Delaware County, Penns^ivania, IV, 25. i juv. 9 , [Pa. State Dept. Zool.]. Enola, Pa., V. 11, 1907, i juv. cf, [Pa. State Dept. Zool.]. Cumberland Valley, Pa., VIII, 1871, (Shaler), i juv. d^, [M. C. Z.]. '• All material previously recorded as /. nigricollis and ail males as /. johnsoni, are correctly referable to the present species. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 68 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Washington. District of Columbia, V^I, 1910, (W. T. Davis), 7 cf, 6 9, [Davis Cln.]; VI, 2, 1901, I 9. [U. S. N. M.]; i 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Glen Echo, Maryland, VII, 10, 1914, (Hebard; under stone in heavy deciduous forest), I small juv. 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Cabin John Run, Md., HI, 21 and IX, 191 1, fKnab; Davis), 3 juv. 9, [U. S. N. M. and Davis Cln.]. Plummer's Island, Md., V, 24, 1914, (J. D. Hood), 2 d", [U. S. N. I\I. and Hebard Cln.]; VI, 18, 1908, (H. S. Barber), 2 c?, [U. S. N. M.]. Virginia, near U'ashington, D. C, III, 25, 1883, I juv. cf ; V, 30 and VI, 7, 1883, I d^. I 9, [all Hebard Cln.]. Alexandria County, Virginia, IX, 191 1, (\V. T. Davis), 2 juv. 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Great Falls, Va., VI, 1909 and 1910, (Knab; Davis), 3 cf , i 9 , [U. S. N. M. and Davis Cln.]. Falls Church, Va., juv. taken IX, 29, 1903, (A. N. Caudell; bred, adult HI, 7, 1904, died about IV, 28), i d", [U. S. N. M.]. Fredericksburg, Va., VII, 20, 1913, (Rehn and Hebard; under damp dead leaves on edge of forest), i cT, [Hebard Cln.]. Tappahannock, Va., VI, 12, 1916, VI, 17, 1915, (H. Fox), 2 cf , [Hebard Cln.]. Charlottesville, Va., VI, 15, 1914, (H. Fox), i d", [Fox Cln.]. Collison Ridge, Bath County, Va., 2800 feet, VII, 5, 1916, (Hebard; in forest, c? under stone, 9 in dead leaves), i d^, i 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Appomattox Court House, Va., IV, 6, 1865, i juv. c^, [M. C. Z.]. Montgomery County, Va., VI, i, 1901, (E. A. Smyth Jr.), i d', [Hebard Cln.]. Raleigh, North Carolina, V, 24 to VII, i, 1904 and 1905, (C. S. Brimley; many bred), 4 c^, 11 9 , [Hebard Cln., A. N. S. P. and U. S. N. M.]. Southern Pines, N. C, VI, 3 to VII, 31, 1915, (A. H. Manee), 2 d^, 4 9 ; X, 14, 1915, (A. H. Manee), i juv. d", [all Hebard Cln.]. Sulphur Springs, Buncombe County, N. C, VI, 13, 1904 and IX, 23, 1905, (Hebard), i juv. d", I juv. 9 ; V, 8 and 10, 1904, (Hebard), 2 d', [all Hebard Cln.]. Tr>'on, N. C, V, 20, (\V. F. Fiske), i cf , [U. S. N. M.]. Spartanburg, South Carolina, VIII, 6, 1913, (Hebard), i juv. d", [Hebard Cln.]. Clayton, Georgia, 2000 feet, V, 18 to 26, 191 1, (J. C. Bradley), i d', [Hebard Cln.]. Thompson's Mills, Ga., spring of 1909, (H. A. AUard), i juv. d', [U. S. N. M.]. Macon, Ga., VII, 30, 1913, (Rehn and Hebard; under oak leaves on edge of oak and short-leaf pine woods), i 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Warm Springs, Ga., VIII, 9, 1913, (Rehn; running on ground), i 9 , [A. N. S. P.]. St. Simon's Island, Ga., VI, 8, 191 1, (J. C. Bradley), i d^, [A. N. S. P.]. Ilebardville, Ga., V, 15, 1915- (Hebard; under rubbish in garden), I 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Jacksonville, Florida, (T. J. Priddey), 2 d^, i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. St. Augustine, Fla., (C. W. Johnson), i d', type oi Ljohnsoni, [A. N. S. P.]. Ormond, Fla., Ill, 23, 1899, (W. S. Blatchley), i d'^^ [Blatchley Cln.]. '^ This is a specimen which, killed when recently moulted, had not attained its ful' coloration. It was incorrectly recorded by Blatchley as hoUiana. MORGAN HEBARD 69 River Junction, Fla., Mil, 31. 191 5. (Hebard; under bark of pine log). I very small juv., [Hebard Cln.]. De Funiak Springs, Fla.. IV, 7, (H. G. Hubbard), i cf , [U. S. X. M.]; VIII. 30, 1915. (Hebard: in wire grass and sphagnum bordering stream thicket). I ver>' small juv.. [A. X. S. P.]. Cedar Keys. Fla., VI, 7. i d" . [U. S. X. M.]. Enterprise, Fla.. IV. 20 to V. 24. 4 &, [M. C. Z.. U. S. X. M. and Hebard Cln.]. Sanford, Fla., (S. B. Frazer), 8 cr. [M. C. Z.]. Lakeland, Fla., V, 7, 1912, (W. T. Davis), i 9, [A. X. S. P.]. Lake Okeechobee, Fla.. (E. Palmer), 3 c?. 2 9, [M. C. Z.]. Fort Capron (present town of Viking), Fla.. IV, 22, i 9 , [M. C. Z.]. Miami, Fla., II, 28. 1916. (Hebard; in leaf mould in Brickell's Hammock, bred adult V, 8, 1916), I cf ; HL 4 to 15, 1915, (Hebard; trapped in molasses jar in Brickell's Hammock), i juv. d". i juv. 9 ; VIII. 15. 1903. (for Hebard),' i 9, [all Hebard Cln.]. Homestead. Fla.. Ill, 17 to 19, 1910, (Hebard; rubbish about pot-hole in pine woods, Pinuscaraibea), i cf , i 9 , i juv. cf , i juv. 9 ; VII. 10 to 12, 1912, (Hebard; under board on everglades), i cf , 2 9.2 juv. 9 , [Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. Detroit. Fla., VII. 12. 1912. (Rehn and Hebard; debris and leaf mould in ham- mock), I 9,[A. X.S. P.]. ■Chokoloskee, Fla.. I\'. 8. 1912. (\V. T. Davis), i 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Everglade. Fla.. IV. 1912. (\V. T. Davis; trapped in sugar jar), I cT, [Hebard Cln.]. Key West. Fla.. VII. 3 to 7. 1912. (Rehn and Hebard; debris and leaf mould in hammock), i cf. i 9. [Hebard Cln.]. Crawford County. Indiana. V. 9. 1894. (\V. S. Blatchley). i cf," [Blatchley Cln.]; V, 25 to VI, 30, 1902 to 1904, (\V. S. Blatchley), 4 cT, 2 9, [Hebard Cln., U.S. X. M.and A. X.S. P.]. Pyriton, Clay County, Alabama, (H. H. Smith), i d^. [U. S. X. M.]. St. Louis. Missouri. III. 27 to VI. 1904. (C. L. Heink), i juv. o^, 3 juv. 9 , [Heb- ard Cln.]. Mountain Grove, Mo., IV, I to 21, 1914, (M. P. Somes), 4 juv. c?, i juv. 9 ; V, 26, 1916. (M. P. Somes; trapped, molasses jar), i d", 2 9 ; V, 16 to VI. 11, 1914 and 1915, (M. P. Somes), 6 cf , 2 9 ; VIII, 14, 1916, (for Somes; trapped molasses jar), 2 9, [all Somes Cln.]. Arcadia, Louisiana, \'III, 20. 191 5. (Hebard; dead oak leaves in heavy deciduous forest), I juv. d", [Hebard Cln.]. Xew Orleans, La.. (Shufeldt), i juv. 9, [U. S. X. M.]. Moscow, Iowa, \'. 30, 1908, (M. P. Somes), i juv. 9, [Somes Cln.]. Iowa City, la.. VI, 12, 1915, (M. P. Somes), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Keokuk, la., \'I, 17, 1915- O-^- ?• Somes), I cf , [Somes Cln.]. 93 This specimen Blatchley, with some doubt, described as the male of his intricata. This was partially due to the fact that, killed when recently moulted, it had not attamed its full coloration. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 70 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Ottawa, Kansas, VI, 7, i 9 , [Univ. Kansas Cln.]. Paris, Texas, V, 20, 1904, (at light), i d', [U. S. N. M.]. Dallas, Tex., (J. Boll), 2 cf , [M. C. Z.]. Waco, Tex., V, 11 to VI, 5, (Belfrage), 9 a\ [M. C. Z. and Univ. Kansas Cln.]. Tiger Mills, Tex., II, 1885, (F. G. Schaupp), i juv. d', [Hebard Cln.]. Boerne, Tex., (in stomach of armadillo, Tatu novemcindum), i juv. 9, [U. S. N. M.]. Kerrville, Tex., VI, 6, 1906, (F. C. Pratt), i d, [U. S. N. M.]. Hockley, Tex., VI, 16, 1891, (F. W. Thouron), 2 d, i juv. d, [U. S. N. M-.]. Victoria, Tex., IV, 5, 1907, (J. D. Mitchell), i d, [U. S. N. M.]. PARCOBLATTA94 new name 1862. Platamodes^^ Scudder, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., vii, p. 417. This genus was placed by Brunner in the synonymy under Isch- noptera in i864»«; which action has been generally followed by sub- sequent authors. Since that time no effort has been made until recently" to separate the genera of the Ischnopterites, all the species being referred without exception to Ischnoptera. Careful study of the very large series of this group before us shows this attitude to be untenable, and that numerous distinct genera have been included under Ischnoptera. One of these, to which belong the species assigned to Platamodes by Scudder, is amply distinct from Ischnoptera sensu strictiore, as may be seen by the characters given below. 98 To Parcohlatta belong all of the species of the Ischnopterites found native in the United States, excepting Isch- noptera deropeltiformis (Brunner) and Symploce lita Hebard. No purely exotic species of the genus are known to exist. When compared with the species of Ischnoptera, those of the present genus are found to be separated by the different type of »^ From parca = frugal. In allusion to the frugal habits of these insects. Living im- mature examples before us have been extremely active for months at night, a few bread crumbs and water apparently affording ample food. »5 Preoccupied by Platamodes Menetries, (Coleoptera), described in 1849. »8Nouv. Syst. Blatt., p. 128. " 1916. Hebard. "Studies in the Group Ischnopterites." Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xlii, pp. 337-383- 98 The original description is a useless comparison with Penplancta, except that the male styles are described as being very short and turned abruptly downward. MORGAN HEBARD 71 pronotum in the males, and in females which have fully devel- oped tcgmina and wings, 9'-' the \cry different specialization of the male dorsal abdominal segments'"" and the unspecialized deflexed styles of the male subgenital plate. A much larger proportion of the species also have the females showing very decided reduction in the tegmina and wings. Scudder's genus Platamodes was based on two species, the first and oldest of which we designate as genotype. Genotype here selected: Parcohlatta pensyhanica [Blatta pen- sylvanica] (De Geer). Generic Description. — Pronotum weakly convex, becoming strong- ly so narrowly laterad; disk very weakly impressed, with oblique sulci very decided to subobsolete; caudal margin of pronotum convex.'"' In females with much reduced tegmina and wings the pronotum is more evenly and decidedly convex, the discal sulci obsolete and the caudal margin decidedly truncate.'"- Tegmina, as in Ischnoptera, with discoidal sectors (these including median and ulnar veins and their branches, of which the branches of the ulnar vein are the more numerous) weakly radiating, so that the branches near the sutural margin are weakly oblique to that mar- gin. Wings with area between the discoidal vein and anterior margin broadest meso-distad, proportionately wider than in Isch- noptera; mediastine vein not extending half the distance to the apex of the wing, and from it spring very few of the costal veins; none of the costal veins enlarged distad; discoidal vein percurrent 3^ As in the majority of species of the Blattidae, in which the sexes show decided differ- ences in the development of the organs of flight, the greatest reduction occurs in the female sex. Accompanying this, a pronotal modification is almost always found, the surface becoming more evenly and strongly convex and the caudal margin decidedly more truncate. Thus the usual condition gives us the anomaly of the most differen- tiated type (the female) being much the simplest in general structure; this being true, not only for pronotum, tegmina and wings, but also for the head, abdominal segments and genitalia. ""• In bolliana and desertae alone, no specialization occurs in the male median and dor- sal abdominal segments, the general facies and other features serving to place them with- out question in the present genus. "" The pronotum and tegmina, these latter chiefly proximad, are supplied with scat- tered hairs in specimens having fully developed organs of flight. In males of zebra these are very numerous, but in males of bolliana the greatest abundance is found. "- See footnote 99, and Hebard, Trans. \m. Ent. Soc, xlii, p. 166, footnote 23, (1916). MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 72 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE to apex of wing, without rami and with perpendicular veinlets connecting with median vein weakly defined or obsolete; ulnar vein weakly curved, with one to six proximal incomplete rami and four to eight complete rami;i'" no intercalated triangle present. ^''^ Males with median and first dorsal abdominal segments special- ized, but without any distinct modification of the remaining seg- ments, or with median segment alone specialized, or with all seg- ments unspeclalized.i"^ Styles of male subgenital plate repre- sented by slender, deflexed, similar, cylindrical processes with rounded apices, the dextral slightly the longer, both entirely unarmed. Armament of limbs of same character as that of Isch- noptera. Cephalic femora with ventro-cephalic margin armed with (usually three to six) heavy, elongate, well separated, proximal spines, succeeded by a row of minute, closely set, piliform spines, which is terminated distad by three heavy, elongate (in increas- ing ratio) spines. Other ventral margins of femora supplied with widely separated, heavy, elongate spines. A single small rounded pulvillus present distad on each of the four proximal tarsal joints. Small arolia present. The species of the present genus all have a general facies which differs from that of the species of either Ischnoptera or the more widely separated genus Symploce. In all but one species, P. caii- delli, the females show, to different degrees, notable reduction in the organs of flight. It is clear that the degree or character of such reduction is valueless in determining the relationship of the various species; for in many cases, species showing distinctive characters which must be considered evidences of close affinity, have, in the female sex, wide differences in the alar features. Such reduction, however, probably affords the best means of deter- mining the relative antiquity of the various species, their common 103 Very rarely an abnormal individual of the present genus is found having no incom- plete rami of the ulnar vein. Though the venation is extremely useful in determining the generic position of material of the group in the large majority of cases, we must bear in mind that variation is more liable to occur than in the more important features such as sexual specialization or character of limb armament. '"■^ The tegminal and wing features naturally can not be observed in females of species in which the reduction of these organs is decided. 106 jhg remarkable character of the speciahzation of the fifth and sixth dorsal abdominal segments in males of Ischnoptera is found in all the species of that genus. MORGAN HEBARD ancestor probably having been an insect with fully developed organs of flight in both sexes. ^"^ The species are each distinctive to a degree in some feature; so striking is this that logical division of the genus into groups is out of the question. The following diagram best indicates the relationship and proper position of the species. — bolliana desertae ■ americayia zebra virgimca uhleriana fidvescens caiidelli not ha -lata dknsa pensylvanica As indicated above, greatest probable divergence from the com- mon ancestor is shown by the female tegminal reduction in bolli- ana and americana, least differentiation in this respect in caiidelli. The character of the median and first dorsal abdominal segments in the male, we believe, affords the best guide to determine the specific relationships. It is of further interest to note that the general character of the male supra-anal plate is the same in bolli- ana, desertae and virginica; m americana and notha; in zebra, uhleri- ana^'^'', fidvescens, caudelli and lata, and in divisa and pensylvanica. i"^ See page lo. ^"" In this species, showing a certain degree of divergence toward the tyi)c found in americana and notha. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 74 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Other particularly distinctive features are: the proportionately somewhat broader tegmina in males of virginica and uhleriana; the specialization of the cereal joints in males of uhleriana and remarkably distinctive ootheca of that species; the production of the dorsal surface of the male subgenital plate at the base of the dextral style in fulvescens, and the less radiating, nearly longitu- dinal, discoidal sectors in the male tegmina of zebra. The last fea- ture given for Jidvescens is somewhat variable and to a certain degree geographic in character. Such is also true of an unusual cephalic flattening of the head found in divisa and specialization of the cereal joints in both sexes of pensylvanica.^^^ Key to Males {Primarily based on the Specialization of the Median and First Abdominal Segments) A. Dorsal surface of abdomen unsijecialized. B. Interocular space no wider than that between ocelli. Head dark colored. Sulci of pronotal disk very decided bolliana (Saussure and Zehntner) BB. Interocular space much wider than that between ocelli. Head pale. Sulci of pronotal disk moderately decided desertae (Rehn and Hebard) AA. Dorsal surface of abdomen specialized. B. Median segment alone specialized. C. Median segment with a single specialized area. D. Specialized area represented by a moderately large, mesal portion sup- plied with minute, scattered hairs virginica (Brunner) DD. Specialized area represented by a tuft of agglutinated hairs. E. This tuft small and quadrate, remaining portion of segment showing little specialization americana (Scudder) EE. This tuft larger and much broader, remaining portion of segment showing further specialization zebra new species CC. Median segment with twin specialized areas. D. These specialized areas represented by weakly raised mesal ridges, with brief cephalic faces supplied with a heavy tuft of hairs. E. Pronotum proportionately shorter, with point of greatest width mesad. Tegmina much broader than pronotum. Cerci with inner distal angles of sixth to ninth joints acutely but Ijriefly produced. Subgenital plate at base of dextral style not elevated uhleriana (Saussure) '"^ The instability of these features prevents nominal rerugiiition, though it probably indicates the incipient stages of geographic racial development. MORGAN HEBARD 75 EE. Pronotum proportionately longer, with greatest width slightly caudad of mesal point. Tegmina little broader than pronotum. Cerci simple. Subgenital plate at base of dextral style decidedly elevated.'"' fulvescens (Saussure and Zehntner) -^ DD. These specialized areas represented by decided mesal ridges, overhang- ing the segment which is concave cephalad, ventral faces of overhanging extremities heavily supplied with short hairs. divisa (Saussure and Zehntner) ' ^^ BB. Median and first dorsal abdominal segments similarly specialized, (each with twin specialized areas). C. These specialized areas represented on each segment by moderately de- cided, to weak, elevations, with brief cephalic faces supplied with a heavy tuft of hairs. D. These elevations moderately decided. Supra-anal plate with a trans- verse mesal production, which is strongly deflexed. (Size rather large. Form slender. Pronotum proportionately unusually long; length 3.8 to 4.3. width 4.8 to 5.3 mm.) notha (Rehn and Hebard) DD. These elevations weak. Supra-anal plate triangularly produced with apex rounded and distal portion not suddenly deflexed. E. Size medium. Form moderately slender. Pronotum; length 2.9 to 3.4, width 3.9 to 4.7 mm caudelli new species ' i 2- EE. Size large. Form robust. Pronotum; length 4.2 to 5.2, width 5.4 to 6.7 mm lata (Brunner) ' ^ CC. These specialized areas represented on each segment by very decided elevations, overhanging the segments which are concave cephalad, ventral faces of overhanging extremities heavily supplied with hairs. pensylvanica (DeGeer) "^ Key to Females (Primarily based on Tegminal and Wing Characters) A. Wings absent. (Tegmina xery greatly reduced, represented by very small, lobiform, lateral pads.) B. Form compact. Interocular space subequal to that between antennal sock- ets. Tegmina showing hardly any traces of venation. Supra-anal plate rather weakly produced, with lateral margins convergent to broadly rounded apex boUiana (Saussure and Zehntner) BB. Form normal, not as compact. Interocular space appreciably wider than that between antennal sockets. Tegmina with apparent venation. Supra- anal plate normally produced, with lateral margins convergent to rather sharply rounded apex americana (Scudder) A.-\. Wings present. B. Tegmina decidedly, to greatly, reduced. '"' This development is found to be normally very weakly indicated in material from the southwestern portion of the species' distribution. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 76 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE . C. Tegmina represented by subtriangular, lateral pads. Wings vestigial. D. Tegmina elongate, subtriangular, lateral pads. General coloration very pale. Supra-anal plate with lateral margins at bases of cerci showing a very broad and weak triangular production, .desertae (Rehn and Hebard) DD. Tegmina roundly subtriangular, lateral pads. General coloration ferruginous to very dark. Supra-anal plate with lateral margins converg- ent and weakly concave uhleriana (Saussure) CC. Tegmina represented by subquadrate, slightly overlapping pads. Wings greatly reduced. D. Tegmina truncate distad, this commencing at apex of anal field. E. Size rather small, form relatively slender. Pronotum; length 3.2 to 3.8, width 4 to 4.9 mm. General coloration normally more hazel. Mar- gin of sixth dorsal abdominal segment weakly convex mesad. Supra-anal plate with lateral margins normally straight and convergent to sharply rounded apex virginica (Brunner) EE. Size medium, form broad. Pronotum; length 3.1 to 4.9, width 4.6 to 6.6 mm. General coloration normally kaiser brown and blackish brown. Margin of sixth dorsal abdominal segment distinctly convex mesad. Supra-anal plate with lateral margins normally convergent and rather feebly concave to rather bluntly rounded apex. fulvescens (Saussure and Zehntner) DD. Tegmina truncate distad, this commencing beyond apex of anal field. (Size very large, form very robust. Pronotum; length 4.8 to 6.1, width 6.8 to 8.2 mm. General coloration kaiser brown, hays russet and blackish brown. Sixth dorsal abdominal segment and supra-anal plate as in ful- vescens lata (Brunner) BB. Tegmina only moderately reduced, neither lateral or truncate distad. C. Tegmina with apices not reaching beyond apex of supra-anal plate. Sus- tained flight impossible. D. General color ochraceous-tawny notha (Rehn and Hebard) DD. General coloration dark brown with various paler markings. E. Dorsal surface of abdomen buffy, heavily banded with brown. zebra new species EE. Dorsal surface of abdomen not banded. F. Size normally smaller. .Pronotum; length 3.7 to 4.9, width 4.7 to 6.6 mm. Coloration normally less solid, with lateral margins of pro- notum less strikingly pale.'^" divisa (Saussure and Zehntner) FF. Size normally larger. Pronotum; length 4.3 to 5.8, width 5.1 to 7.2 mm. Coloration normally more solid, with lateral margins of I)ronotum more strikingly pale pensylvanica (DeGeer) CC. Tegmina with apices reaching beyond apex of supra-anal plate. Sustained flight possible. (General color ochraceous-tawny.). . . .caudelli new species "" Head decidedly more flattened in material from the southwestern portion of the species' distrilnition. MORGAN HEBARD 77 Though this key may be useful in determining the majority of specimens encountered, variation in all the features known for the separation of females constantly occurs. I'se of a key. without reference to the known specific variability and unusual features, can only lead to occasional serious mistakes. This is particularly true in such species as divisa and pensylvanica , where sufficient variation occurs in each, toward the other, to make determination of occasional specimens extremely difficult, even when the specific range of variation in all features is carefully considered. The genus is distributed generally over the I'nited States, being absent apparently only in the Cordilleran region from Colorado northward and in almost the entire area of the Great Basin. Few species reach beyond the Canadian boundary, and these only in the East. The most northern records for the genus are Orono, Maine; Abbotsford and Montreal, Quebec; Sudbury, Ontario; Polk County. Wisconsin; eastern Nebraska; Fort Davis, Texas; Prescott, Arizona; \'erdi. Nevada, and Oregon. Southward the genus will assuredly be found in adjacent Mexico, probably quite extensively over the northern plateau and mountains. For those regions, however, the genus is yet known from but a single "Lower California" record of americana. In the present study of Parcoblatta, 2852 specimens have been examined, of which 2025 are in the Philadelphia collections. Parcoblatta bolliana (Saussure and Zehntner) (Plate III. figures i to 3.) 1893. Ischnoptera bolliana Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., i, p. 4. [d ■■ New Mexico, and Texas.] 1904. Kakerlac schaefferi Rehn, Psyche, xi, p. 72. [ 9 , Esperanza Ranch near Brownsville. Texas.] The above synonymy has been indicated by Rehn and Hebard,"^ schaefferi having been based on the then unrecognized female of this species. This insect is very distinct from any other of the genus. The males of this species and of P. desertae differ, from all other known males of the genus, in the unspecialized median and dorsal abdomi- nal segments. The females, with those of P. americana, show the greatest tegminal reduction found in this sex of the genus; 1" Proc. Acad. N'at. Sci. Phila., 1910, p. 449, (1910). MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 78 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE similar, but more ample, lateral subtriangular pad-like tegmina are, however, found in the females of P. desertae and P. uhleriana. Compared with desertae, the males are found to differ: in the narrower interocular space; dark colored head, even in the palest specimens; more pronounced pronotal sulci; distinctly more pro- duced supra-anal plate, with free margin less truncate between the cerci; shorter cerci with joints decreasing more rapidly in size distad, and more nearly symmetrical subgenital'plate, the plate at the dextral style not being more produced than at the sinistral style, the margin between these transverse. The very dark females, with minute, lateral tegmina, which scarcely extend beyond the caudal margin of the metanotum, could only be confused with those of americana. The present species averages smaller, and the females are more compact, with inter- ocular space equalling that between the antennal sockets, with tegmina showing hardly any traces of venation and with supra- anal plate less strongly and more bluntly produced. Characters oj Male. — (Waco, Texas. "2) Size small for the genus, form slender. Interocular space four-fifths (varying in the series to fully as wide as) interocellar space. Ocelli well defined. Area between eyes and ocelli appreciably flattened to a point just above the antennal sockets, with surface slightly roughened and show- ing microscopic transverse folds. Maxillary palpi delicate, with third and fifth (distal) joints subequal in length, each longer than fourth joint. Pronotum with greatest width slightly caudad of mesal point, oblique sulci of disk very decided and connected caudad by a short, transverse, arcuate impression. Tegmina and wings normal, fully developed; wings (in the series) with two to five incomplete and two to five complete rami of the ulnar vein. Median and dorsal abdominal segments unspecialized. Supra-anal plate weakly deplanate and weakly declivent distad, about twice as broad as long, free margin convex from above the cerci, but with mesal portion showing some weakening of the curvature. Cerci short with nine (normal) distinct joints, these decreasing rapidly in size distad. Genital hook situated sinistrad, a sharply recurved chitinous process, with recurved portion straight and very elongate and directed almost parallel to the basal shaft; mesad and adjacent, is situated a very slender and much shorter, moderately curved, aciculate, chitinous process. Subgenital plate with surface moderately convex except distad, where it is weakly deplanate; lateral third of free margin, on each side, nearly straight and moderately convergent, mesal third nearly straight, trans- verse; at the distal angles thus formed are situated, in weakly defined sockets, sim- ple slender styles, similar in size and form and in length equal to half the distance between their bases. Exposed portion of eighth dorsal abdominal segment, which "-The "Texas" ty])e was probably taken at Dallas, or at this not distant locality. MORGAN HEBARD 79 is folded ventrad over the base of the subgenital plate, decidedly elongate, nearly twice as long as exposed portion of seventh ventral abdominal segment. The transverse flattening of the distal margin of the supra-anal plate is in some males before us very weakly defined, in occasional specimens pronounced. Numer- ous microscopic hairs are present on pronotum and tegmina. Characters of Female. — (Austin, Texas.) Size small, form ellipitical, stout and compact, with dorsal surface moderately convex and glabrous. Head much larger, distinctly broader and more convex than in male. Interocular space subequal to that between antennal sockets; minute ocellar spots present. Maxillary palpi short and stout. Pronotum decidedly broader, convex and smooth, without sulci; caudal margin transverse with a very weak conve.xity, lateral margins finely but distinctly cingulate. Tegmina lobiform, lateral, widely separated, extending very slightly beyond caudal margin of mesonotum, surface glabrous with hardly a trace of venation, costal margins fineh' but distinctly cingulate. Wings absent. Supra- anal plate with a blunt, medio-longitudinal carina, rather weakly produced, lateral free margins beyond cerci ver\- weakly conxex, convergent to the broadh- rounded apex. Cerci \ery short, lateral margins entire, dorsal surface deplanate. Sub- genital plate convex, little produced, with free margin rather weakly convex. Measurements {in millimeters) Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen Tryon, North Carolina (9) 10.2-11..8 2,7-2.9 3.6-4 12. 2-13. 6 4-4.4 Brunswick, Georgia ... 11 2.7 3.8 12. i 3.9 Iowa City, Iowa 12.8 3 4.2 13-3 4-6 Mountain Grove, Mis- souri 12.3 2.8 3.8 13. I 4.3 Waco, Texas (11) 10.1-12.3 2.7-2.9 3.7-3.9 11. 7-12. 3 3.8-4 9 Raleigh, North Carolina (4) 9.7-10.7 2.9-3 4-3-4 4 17-1. 8 1.4-1.6 Atlanta, Georgia 9.8 3 4.1 1.8 1.6 Austin, Texas 9 2.8 4.1 1.9 1.7 Sabinal, Texas 9.8 2.9 3.9 1.7 1.6 Brownsville, Texas. ... 10,4 3 4 1.8 1.6 Little variation is found in tlie si)ecies, except the striking color differences shown b\- the males of the extremes of intensi\-e and recessive coloration. Coloration. — cf. (Intensive.) Head shining blackish chestnut brown, ocelli light buff; antennae dark dresden brown. Coxae, limbs, lateral margins of pn^iotum and marginal held of tegmina l)uckthorn brown. Abdomen and remaining portion of pronotum (the transition there not sharjily defined) shining blackish chest- nut brown, the latter with a mesal ochraceous area between the MEM. .\M. ENT. SOC, 2. 8o NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE discal sulci. Tegmlna of the same color proximad, translucent; fading toward buckthorn brown distad. This condition is normal in eastern material, showing individual different degrees of inten- sity in each series. The material from Kansas, Oklahoma and Brownsville, Texas, is about intermediate, while the remaining Texan series show individuals which are moderately paler or of the extreme recessi^•e coloration. (Recessive.) General color of entire insect ochraceous-buff, becoming paler on lateral margins of pronotum and marginal field of tegmina and ochraceous-tawny toward the subgenital plate. Head shining blackish chestnut brown, ocelli light buff, clypeus of the general coloration. No exceptions to the very dark cephalic coloration appear to occur. 9 . Shining blackish chestnut brown, femora slightly paler, re- maining portions of limbs and the cerci dark chestnut. Minute ocellar spots buffy. The ootheca is carried with suture laterad. Its surface is smooth, with rather widely spaced transverse divisions. The suture bears minute, rather widely separated knobs; these are, however, less widely spaced than the transverse divisions. This species is not as frequently encountered as many of the genus. Its range is known to extend from Raleigh, North Caro- lina and Brunswick, Georgia, ^^^ westward to the Mexican border. Though described, in part, from New Mexico, our most western records are Ellis, Kansas and Rio Frio, Texas. Northward in the Mississippi Valley region, it is known as far as Nebraska City, Nebraska and Iowa City, Iowa. Specimens Examined: 86; 72 males, 12 females and 2 immature individuals. Raleigh, North Carolina, V, 8 to VI, 21, 1904 and 1905. (C. S. Brimley; bred and at light), 7 cf , 4 9 . [Hebard Cln., A. N. S. P. and U. S. N. M.]. Tryon, N. C, V, 20, (W. F. Fiske; at light), i c? ; (W. F. Fiske), 10 ^, [all U. S. N. M.]. Sulphur Springs, near Asheville, N. C, V, 26 to VI, 9, 1904, (Hebard; rare at light), 5 0^, [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. Swansea, South Carolina, VI, 1908, (C. C. Craft), I o", [U. S. N. M.]. Clayton, Georgia, 2000 to 3700 feet, VI, 1909, (\V. T. Davis), i cf , [Davis Cln.]. Atlanta, Ga., VII, 6, 1909, i cj', [A. N. S. P.]. '" Blatchley's record of this species from Orniond, Florida, is properly referred to /. deropeltiformis in the present jjaper. MORGAN HEBARD 8l Brunswick, Ga., i d", [A. N. S. P.]. Southern Illinois, (C. Thomas), I cf , [M. C. Z.]. Iowa City, Iowa, \'I, 12, 1915, (M. P. Somes), i d", [Somes Cln.]. Keokuk, la., \'I, 17, 191 5, (M. P. Somes), i c^, [Retard Cln.]. Mountain Grove, Missouri, V, 14 and 16, 1914, (JM. P. Somes), I juv. cf", i juv. 9 ; VI, 17, 1914, (M. P. Somes), i o" ; \'II, 21, 1916, (for Somes; trapped, molasses jar), I cf, I 9, [all Somes Cln.]. Baton Rouge, Louisiana, VI. 1905, (A. W. Morrill; at light), i c?, [U. S. X. M.]. Nebraska City, Nebraska, VI, i cf , [Hebard Cln.]. Lawrence, Kansas, VI, (E. S. Tucker), 2 cf , [L'niv. Kansas Cln.]. Douglas County, Ks., \'I and VII, (E. S. Tucker), 2 cT, [Univ. Kansas Cln.]. Wichita, Ks., VI, 17, 1904, (F. B. Isely), i cf , [U. S. N. M.]. Ellis, Ks., (L. Watson), i cT, [M. C. Z.]. Stillwater, Oklahoma, 1897, (A. B. McReynolds), i cT, [U. S. N. M.]. Perkins, Okla., (A. N. Caudell), i d", [U. S. N. M.]. Paris, Texas, V, 11 to 20, 1914, (at light), 10 o', [U. S. N. M.]. Waco, Tex., V, 20 to VII, 10, (Belfrage), 12 d', [M. C. Z.]. Hockley, Tex., (F. W. Thouron), i o^, [U. S. N. M.]. Dickinson, Tex., \'IL 20, 1912, (Hebard; under dry cow dung in pine woods), I 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Round Mountain, Tex., 2 a^ [A. N. S. P.]. Austin, Tex., (W. M. Wheeler), i 9, [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.]. Rio Frio. Tex., V, 10, 1910, (F. C. Pratt; at light), i o^ [U. S. N. M.]. Sabinal, Tex., VI, 2, 1910. (F. C. Pratt), i 9, [U. S. N. M.]. Sharpsburg, Tex., \', 10, (E. A. Schwarz), I d", [U. S. N. M.]. Nuecestown, Tex., IV, 27. 1S96, (Marlatt), i 9 , [U. S. N. M.]. San Diego, Tex., VI,'i2, (E. A. Schwarz), i &, [U. S. N. M.]. Brownsville, Tex., V, (H. S. Barber), i 9, [U. S. N. M.]. Esperanza Ranch, near Brownsville, Tex., V, (C. Schaeffer), 2 cf, I 9, latter type of A', schaefferi Rehn. [Bklyn. Inst.]. ' Point Isabel, Tex., V, 11. 1904, (H. S. Barber), I 9, [U. S. N. M.]. Parcoblatta desertae (Rehn and Hebard) (Plate III, figures 4 to 6.) 1903. Ischnoplcra holUana Rehn (not of Saussure and Zehntner, 1S93), Ent. News, xiv, p. 325, 330. (In part.) [cf, Shovel Mountain, Texas.]. 1909. Ischnoptcra desertae Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1909, p. 116, hg. I. [9, Johnstone, Valverde County, Texas.]. 1910. Ischnoptcra insolita Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1910, p. 450, fig. 27. (In part.) [2 d", Shovel Mountain, Texas.]. 1912. Ischnoptcra insolita Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1912, p. 104. [Single type designated: cf . Shovel Mountain. Texas.] The male sex, described as /. insolita, is shown unquestiona- bly by the series now before us to represent that sex of the present MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 82 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE species. Rehn and Hebard's revision of 1912 was undertaken primarily for the purpose of showing that the genera Temnopteryx, Kakerlac and Loboptera had in reaHty no place among the forms found in the United States, and for giving additional information on the majority of the species. At that time the available mate- rial was admittedly insufficient to place correctly all of the species and associate their sexes. The present species shows nearest relationship to P. bolliana, the males differing conspicuously in the features given in the com- parison with that species on page 78. The females are readily distin- guished by their paler coloration ; width of interocular space, which is slightly but distinctly greater than that between the antennal sockets; decidedly more elongate tegmina, which, however, are also lateral, and presence of vestigial wings. The female supra- anal plate is more sharply produced, in this respect agreeing more nearly with P. america^m, but with lateral free margins beyond the cerci not as decidedly concave as in that species. ^^^ Characters oj Male. — (Sabinal,Texas.) Size small for the genus, form slender. In- terocular space faintly narrower than that between the antennal sockets, much wider than that between the ocelli. Ocelli well defined. Head more evenl}- rounded than in bolliana, with inter-ocular-ocellar area glabrous, showing a few microscopic pits. Maxillary palpi slightly heavier than in bolliana. Pronotum deeper than in that species; with greatest width distinctly caudad of mesal point; oblique sulci moderately decided, but by no means as pronounced as in bolliana. Tegmina and wings nor- mal, fully developed; wings (in the series) with one to three incomplete and three to five complete rami of the ulnar vein. Median and dorsal abdominal segments unspecialized. Supra-anal plate strongly transverse, fully three times as broad as long, free margin beyond the cerci weakly convex and broadly, though weakly, flattened mesad, of a somewhat similar type to that of bolliana, but showing de- cidedly greater truncation. 115 Cerci more elongate than in bolliana, '^'^^ decreasing more evenly and less rapidly in size distad. Genital hook situated sinistrad, a sharply recurved, chitinous process, with recurved portion moderately elongate, stouter and shorter than in bolliana and not as strongly recurved; mesad and adja- cent is situated a \ery slender, elongate, very weakly curved, aciculate process. 1" Females are fully compared with that sex of P. uhleriana, under that species. 1'^ The meso-distal portion of this plate is normally bent slightly downward; its degree of truncation is variable, a male from the Chisos Mountains, Texas, showing an even convexity of this margin, while that from Rio Frio, Texas, shows a blunted, rotundato- trigonal condition. 1'" The series shows eight to ten, normally nine, distinct joints. MORGAN HEBARD 83 Subgenital plate with surface weakly convex, except disto-laterad towarci base of styles, where it is weakly concave, free margin briefly produced and straight lat- erad, then in lateral third of remaining portion, on each side, moderately concave, the remaining distal third nearly transverse, showing a weak concavity and a very slightly greater dextral production of the plate; at the disto-lateral angles thus formed are situated, in sockets whose dorsal surfaces are weakly raised on the dorsal surface of the plate,"' simple, slender styles, similar in size and form and in length equalling two-fifths the distance between their bases. Exposed portion of eighth dorsal abdominal segment, which is folded over the base of the subgenital plate, short, no longer than the exposed portion of the seventh ventral abdominal segmenl. Characters of Female. — (Tv/^f. Johnstone, Valverde County, Texas.) Size small, not as compact as in hoUiana. Head larger and more convex than in male. Inter- ocular space considerably wider than that between antennal sockets; minute ocellar spots present. Maxillary palpi short and stout. Pronotum proportionately longer than in bolliana. Tegmina elongate, lateral pads, with apices rounded, widely sep- arated, reaching base of median segment, surface with veins appreciable, weakly convex to marginal field, which is weakly concave, with costal margin cingulate. Wings represented by small, vestigial pads, falling distinctly short of the tegminal apices. Supra-anal plate triangularly produced, free margins at bases of cerci showing a very broad and weak triangular production, thence concavo-convergent to the slightly blunted apex. Cerci very short, lateral margins entire, with dorsal surface weakly convex. Subgenital plate convex, little produced, with free margin rather weakly convex. Measurements {in millimeters) ^. Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of O body pronotum pronotum tegmen"' tegmen Shovel Mountain, Texas (2) 12-12. 2 2.8 :■,.% 11. 2-1 2 3 6-3 -7 Rio Frio, Texas 13.5 31 4-1 12.3 3.8 Sabinal, Texas (2) 11. 3-13. 3 3.1-31 4-41 12-12. 7 3.9-4 Chisos Mountains, Texas (2) 13. 2-13. 8 3-2-3.3 4-4-3 I3-6-I4-5 4-6-4-8 9 Johnstone, Te.xas, type . 9.5 3 4.2 3 2.1 Fort Davis. Texas (2) 1 2-1 1.5 3 2-3.6 4 4-4-8 3-5-3-4 2.3-2.3 Chisos Mountains.Texas 11. 6 3.3 4.7 3.4 2.2 The type was taken in a relatively bare area of reduced \egeta- tion, which probably accounts for its small size and certainly explains its pale coloration. The other females are all from more mountainous localities, these regions showing generally a decidedly less reduced vegetation. "' This convexity is slightly more pronounced at the dextral socket. "* The length of the exposed portion of the female tegmen is given. MEM. .\M. ENT. SOC, 2. 84 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Coloration. — cf. General coloration light ochraceous-buff, be- coming ochraceous-buff on the pronotal disk and tawny mesad and distad on the ventral surface of the abdomen. Eyes blackish brown. Tegmina semi-transparent, ochraceous-bufT, with marginal field light ochraceous-buff. Wings hyaline, the area of the costal veins and distal portion of the anterior field weakly tinged with buffy. 9 . {Type. Recessive.) Head, pronotum and ventral surface of abdomen dull ochraceous-orange, the lateral portions of the pronotum shading to ochraceous-buff. Tegmina transparent ochraceous-buff. Mesonotum, metanotum and dorsal surface of abdomen russet. Limbs buff. (Other females. Intensive.) Head, pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum russet, the prono- tum shading to ochraceous-tawny laterad. Abdomen shining blackish brown, tinged with russet ventro-mesad. Tegmina trans- parent russet, with marginal field ochraceous-tawny. Limbs ochraceous-bufT, tinged with tawny distad. The known material of the present species is recorded below; from the mountains, arid and sub-arid regions of central, south- central and western Texas. Doubtless it is widely distributed o\-er the similar adjacent regions in Mexico. Specimens Examined: 13; 9 males and 4 females. Shovel Mountain, Burnet County, Texas, VII, 21 and 25, 1901, (F. G. Schaupp), 2 cf, type and paratype of /. insoUta Rehn and Hebard, [A. N. S. P.]. Rio Frio, Tex., V, 11, 1910, (F. C. Pratt), i c?, [U. S. N. M.]. Sabinal, Tex., V, 26, 1910, (F. C. Pratt; at light), 2 cT, [U. S. N. M.]. NuecesRiver,Zavalla County, Tex., VI, 29, 1910, (F. C. Pratt), 2 c?, [U.S. N. M.]. Johnstone, Tex., VII, 8, 1907, (Hebard; under small boulder on desert), i 9, type, [Hebard Cln.]. Fort Davis, Tex., VII, 11, 1911, (H. A. Wenzel), 2 9 , [A. N. S. P. and Hebard Cln.]. Chisos Mountains, Tex., VI, 10 to 12, 1908, (Mitchell and Cushman; at light), 2 cf, [U. S. N. M.]; VII, 22, 1911, (H. A. Wenzel), i 9, [A. N. S. P.]. Parcoblatta americana (Scudder) (Plate III, figures 7 to 9.) 1900. Loboptera americana Scudder, Proc. Davenport Acad. Sci., \i\\, p. 93, pi. 2, fig. 4. [19, Ehrenberg, Arizona.] 1910. Ischnoptcra americana Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1910, p. 420, figs. 7 and 8. [cf, 9: Oregon; Ormsby County, Nevada; Pair's Ranch, San Jose, Los Angeles and Pasadena, California; Lower California.] MORGAN HEBARD O^ The present species has been twice incorrectly recorded as I. consobrina Saussure, by Rehn in Baker, and by Rehn and He4^ard, while the California males included with the original description of /. iiotJia by the latter authors, are here correctly referred to the recessive color condition found in the present species. Great variation is found both in size and color in this species, due probably to environmental conditions and, particularly, to the effect of different degrees of aridity. The males showing intensive coloration are much darker than this sex of any other solidly colored species of the genus. They agree with P. boUiana in the normally very decided pronotal sulci, while the head is also darkened even in the palest examples. The gland de\-elopment of the median segment is distinctive, the near- est similarity being found in P. zebra. The supra-anal plate sug- gests a further development of the type found in P. notha. The female shows nearest resemblance to that sex of P. bolliaua, but is readily separated by the features discussed under that species. Description of .l/a/c— (Pasadena, California.) Size rather small, form slender. Interocular space about as wide as the space between the antennal sockets. Ocelli not strongly defined, so that the space between the antennal sockets is very slightly wider than that between the ocelli. Area between eyes and ocelli weakly con\-ex, much as in P. desertae, but microscopically roughened, with more pronounced pits. Pronotum and discal sulci much as in bolliaua, but with point of greatest width slightly more caudad. Tegmina and wings normal, fully developed. Wings with distal branches of discoidal vein longer and with more forks than is usual in boUiana or desertae; ulnar \ein (in series) with three to five incomplete and four to six com- plete rami. Median segment with a small, quadrate, mesal tuft of agglutinated hairs; other dorsal segments unspecialized. Supra-anal plate deplanate, declivent distad (or with meso-distal produced portion decidedly deflexed),"^ about twice as broad as long, lateral margins weakly convex-convergent to within cereal bases, then concave-convergent to broadly rounded apex. Cerci elongate, tapering rather evenly to apex, with (normally) eleven distinct joints, i^o Genital hook situated sinistrad, a sharply recurved, chitinous process, with recurved portion moderately "^ From the material at hand, it appears that this portion of the plate can, in life, be deflected at will by the insect; dried specimens, showing a strong deflection, led Rehn and Hebard to assign them incorrectly to notha, in which species a constant deflection of the median portion of the plate apparently occurs. 1-" The usual variation in number of apparent cereal joints occurs in the species; one male before us has but nine distinct cereal joints on each side. MEM. AM. EXT. SOC, 2. 86 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE elongate, hollow ventrad, with lateral margins roundly expanding, then narrowing and at the rounded apex again moderately expanding; mesad and adjacent is sit- uated a very slender, elongate, aciculate process which (sometimes) is weakly curved at its apex. Subgenital plate produced, with proximal portion weakly convex and distal portion deplanate-ascendent,!" lateral margins weakly convex and weakly convergent, rounding distad into the weakly oblique, nearly straight distal margin, the dextral angle thus formed being slightly the more produced. On the ventral surface of this plate, at these disto-lateral angles, are situated, in small sockets, simple, slender styles, deflexed so that they lie on the ventral surface of the plate, in length equalling half (or frequently more than half) the distance between their bases. 1" Exposed portion of eighth dorsal abdominal segment, which is folded laterad over the base of the subgenital plate, short, slightly longer than exposed portion of seventh ventral abdominal segment. Characters of Female. — (Topotype. Ehrenberg, Arizona.) Size small, not as compact as in bolliana, but with pronotal proportions similar. Head larger and more convex than in male. Interocular space considerably wider than that be- tween antennal sockets, minute ocellar spots present. Maxillary palpi short and stout. Tegmina widely separated, form much as in bolliana, reaching very slightly beyond caudal margin of mesonotum, veins appreciable, surface weakly convex to marginal field, which is weakly concave with costal margin cingulate. Wings absent. Supra-anal plate with lateral margins weakly convex and nearly trans- verse proximad, thence weakly concave and strongly convergent to rather sharply rounded apex. Cerci very short, much more compressed than in male, fusiform, with dorsal surface weakly convex. Subgenital plate convex, little produced, with free margin rather weakly convex. Measurements {in millimeters) -H Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of ^ body pronotuni pronotum tegmen tegmen Oregon (2) 12-13. 6 3-3-6 4-4.6 14-15-8 4.3-5 Mount Shasta, Cali- fornia (2) 14-14-3 3-3-3 4 4-1-4-3 15-2-17 4-4-5-3 Sonoma County, Cali- fornia (7) 13. 5-14. 8 3-3-3-7 4-5 14-8-16.3 4.6-5 Fresno, California (2) 12. 2-13. 8 3.3-3.3 4.2 13. 6-13. 8 4.2-4.2 Lower California, Mex- ico 12.7 2.8 3.8 13.7 4.3 1^' Rarely the distal margin, at the bases of the styles, is narrowly curved downward. '^2 In the males of the present species, the margins of the subgenital plate are often subchitinous and show various degrees of individual irregularity, as do the styles both in actual length and position. MORGAN HEBARD 87 _ Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of + body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen Oregon 12 38 4.9 2.11" 1.9 Bair's Ranch, California 10.2 3.3 4.6^^* 1.9 1.7 Mount Shasta, Cali- fornia. . (3) 13-2-13. 3 3-8-3-9 4-9-5-7 2.2-2.4 2-2.2 Cahon Pass, California. ii.i 3.1 4-3 i-9 i-8 Ehrenberg, Arizona, topotype 8.8 2.8 3.8 1.4 1.6 The type and topotype were taken in a region of extreme aridity which probably explains their small size and coloration, which latter is paler than in females from the Pacific coast. Rather decided individual variation in size is, however, further shown by the series before us. Coloration. — cf. (Intensive. Two, Mount Shasta, and one, Sonoma County, California.) General coloration of head, pro- notum, abdomen, limbs and tegmina shining prout's brown, the tegmina translucent, the dorsal surface of the abdomen shading proximad to ochraceous-buff. Ocelli ochraceous-buff. Wings hyaline, all but the proximal portion of the anterior field w'eakly suf- fused, the area of the costal veins heavily suffused with prout's brown. In the paler conditions these areas are similarly suffused, but with the paler color of the tegmina. (Intermediates; to dif- ferent degrees, all of the remaining series except the three reces- sive examples.) Head, underparts and limbs tawny russet. Ocelli light buff. Pronotum tawny, occasionally slightly paler toward the lateral margins. Tegmina transparent buckthorn brown, mar- ginal field and distal portions paler. Dorsal surface of abdomen ochraceous-tawny. (Recessive. Two, Fresno, and one. Riverdale, California.) General coloration ochraceous-buff suffused with tawny, ventral surface of abdomen mesad and distad shading to tawny. Head russet, except ocelli and clypeus which are ochra- ceous-buff. 9 . (Topotype. Recessive.) Shining bay in general coloration, becoming slightly darker on dorsal surface of abdomen. Ocellar spots buffy. Limbs auburn. The specimens from Cahon Pass, '-^ The length of the exposed portion of the female tegmen is given. ^-^ This specimen is dried alcoholic and shrivelled, this dimension is approximate. MEM. AM. EXT. SOC. 2. 88 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE California, are darker, the pronotum, mesonotum, metanotum and tegmina tinged with chestnut. (Intensive. Mt. Shasta, CaH- fornia.) Head, dorsal surface and tegmina shining black with a weak brown tinge, this slightly greater cephalad. Ocellar spots buffy. Underparts shining blackish bay, limbs shining deep bay. Outside of the records given below, the species is known only from Ormsby County, Nevada, San Jose, and Los Angeles, Cali- fornia and from a single male from Lower California, taken by G. W. Dunn, in the Hebard Collection ex Bruner. Over this entire region no other species of the genus is known. Specimens Examined: 48; 27 males, 9 females, 12 immature individuals. Oregon, (Washburn), 2 o^, i 9, [Hebard Cln. ex Bruner]. California. 2 0^, [Hebard Cln.]. Bair's Ranch, Humboldt County, Cab, VI, 9, 1903, (H. S. Barber), i 9, (dried alcoholic), [U. S. N. M.]. Mount Shasta, base of. Cab, \^ 1912, VI, 1914, 2 o^, 3 9, [Davis Cln.]. Eldridge, Cab, X, 30, 191 5, (J. A. Kusche), i nearly adult 0"^, 5 medium small immature cT, 4 medium small immature 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Sonoma County, Cab, 7 cT, [Bklyn. Inst.]. Stanford University, Palo Alto, Cab, IV, 8, 1910, (W. M. Mann), 1 juv. 9 , [Heb- ard Cln.]. Fresno, Cab, VI, 29, 1900, (E. A. Schwarz), 2 o\i" [U. S. N. M.]. Riverdale, Cab, VII, 5, 1898, (A. A. Eaton), 3 o^,^^^ [U. S. N. M. and Hebard Cln.]. Three Rivers, Tulare County, Cab, VII, 28, 191 1, (J. C. Bradley; i at light), 2 c?, [Cornell Univ. Cln.]. Fort Crook, Cab, i 6", [M. C. Z.]. Cahon Pass, Cab, VII, 18, 1897, (A. P. Morse), 2 9, [Morse Cln.]. Mount Wilson, San Gabriel Mountains, Cab, IX, 15, 1908, (F. Grinnell Jr.), I juv. c?, [A. N. S. P.]. Pasadena, Cab, (F. Grinnell Jr.), 1 c^, [A. N. S. P.]. San Gabriel, Cab, \'I, 1S92, (C. E. Hutchinson), i ^, [U. S. N. M.]. Claremont, Cab, \\, 8, 1900, i o", [A. N. S. P.]. Los Angeles County, Cab, (D. W. Coquillett), 2 d^, [U. S. N. M. and Hebard Cln.]. Verdi, Nevada, VII, i d^, [U. S. N. M.]. ' Ehrenberg, Arizona, (E. Palmer), 2 9, tvpe and topotype taken with type, [M. C. Z.]. '-■' Incorrectly recorded by Rchn and Mcl)ar(l as iiotlia. '-'' Incorrectly recorded by Rchn and ilebard as notha. MORGAN HEBARD 89 Parcoblatta zebra^^- new species (Plate III, figures 10 to 14.) iScrv Isdnwptera iihlcriumi Saussure and Zehntner, (not of Saussurc. 1862), Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., i. p. 3^^- i^- Georgia; Texas, and New Mexico: (in part).]!-^ 1893. hchnoptcm iihlcri Saussure and Zehntner, ibid., pi. Ill, figs. 21 and 22. (Lapsus calami. i-») (In part.) [Figures of female described on page 36.] 1910. Ischnoptera divisa Rehn and Hebard, (not of Saussure and Zehntner, 1893), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1910, p. 430- (In part.) [ 9 . Rives. Tennessee.] Males of this species are distinctive in the specialization of the median segment, which is supplied mesad with a broad, heavy tuft of agglutinated hairs, directed cephalad, with segment fur- nished with a low transverse ridge toward the cephalic margin, which ridge is furnished, cephalad of the heavy hair tuft, with a fringe of hairs directed caudad, these briefly overlapping the hairs of the tuft. In the position of this organ, the species agrees alone with P. americana, but decidedly greater specialization than m that species is shown. The tegminal discoidal sectors show scarcely any radiation, all being feebly oblique, nearly longitudinal. The pale dorsal coloration, with dark transverse bands on the abdomen, readily distinguishes females showing this, the normal, condition from those of any other species of the genus. Saussure and Zehntner's excellent figures in the Biologia represent a female, showing a less intensive coloration, but in other respects in every way typical. Females of less decided coloration might alone be confused with those of P. divisa, but, over the area of coincident distribution, females of that species have the head normally de- cidedly more flattened. The general appearance of the insect suggests a small and rather pale member of the complex to which we assign divisa and P. pcn- sylvanica. The male abdominal characters, however, clearh' dem- onstrate that it is a distinctive form, agreeing in a few features with americana and P. notha, but widely separated from both. 1" In allusion to the distinctive female coloration. '28 Both the latter localities may apply to the present insect, though unknown to us from west of central Texas. Both the description and plate give no indication of the locality from which the specimen figured came. See page 114, footnote 175. 129 Explained in list of plates, p. VII, (1900). The type for this name is selected in the present paper as the figured male, pi. Ill, fig. 23; tJt/cn consequently falling in the synon- ymy under P. fnhescens. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC. 2. 90 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Type. — cf ; Pulaski, Illinois. June 9, 1907. [Hebard Collec- tion, Type No. 426.] Description of Type. — Size rather small, form slender. Interocular space narrow, appreciably less than that between the ocelli and approximately two-fifths that between the antennal sockets. Ocelli strongly defined ; inter-ocular-ocellar area dis- tinctly flattened and showing a weak concavity, with surface bearing microscopic, rather decided, irregular pits and transverse rugae. Pronotum with greatest width slightly caudad of mesal point, oblique sulci of disk decided. Tegmina and wings normal, fully developed. Median segment as described above. Other dorsal segments unspecialized ; sixth with caudal margin transverse; seventh transversely decidedly narrower, with caudal margin very feebly emarginate, nearly transverse; eighth with caudal margin weakly oblique produced laterad, with mesal portion nearly transverse. Supra-anal plate with lateral margins strongly convergent and feebly concave to a point beyond cereal bases, thence weakly convergent and con- vex to broadly rounded apex, surface weakly convex above styles, remaining proxi- mal portion weakly concave, distal portion concave and strongly declivent, thus forming at the juncture with the proximal portion a distinct, transverse, weakly arcuate ridge. Cerci slender, not decidedly elongate, with lateral .margins rather decidedly crenate meso-distad. Genital hook rather short and slender, subequal in diameter throughout, with distal half rather sharply recurved. Subgenital plate weakly convex, except distad toward bases of styles, where it is rather decidedly concave, lateral margins moderately convex convergent in proximal half, thence weakly concave convergent to styles, where the plate is very briefly and roundly produced, between the styles the distal margin is weakly concave, feebly oblique, as the plate at the dextral style is very slightly more produced; styles small, sim- ple, cylindrical processes, situated in sockets on ventral surface of plate, on the very brief rounded disto-lateral projections which are weakly ascendent, the dorsal surface of the plate there showing no elevation, the dextral style slightly the longer, equalling approximately half the distance between the bases of the styles. Ex- posed folded ventral portion of eighth dorsal abdominal segment in length (normal position) slightly greater than exposed portion of seventh ventral abdominal seg- ment. From the additional males it is evident that the margins of the disto-dorsal abdominal segments, supra-anal and subgenital plates show some variability in the present species. The distal portion of the supra-anal plate is also variable in degree of declivity. The wings have one to three incomplete and four complete rami of the ulnar vein in the three males before us. Allotype. — 9 ; Havana, Illinois. August 14, 1907. [Hchard Collection.] Description of Allotype. — Size decidedly larger and more robust than male. Head much more evenly rounded, with ocellar spots clouded and subobsolete. Inter- ocular space much broader than in male, distincth' less than width between antennal MORGAN HEBARD 91 sockets. Pronotum more ample than in male, with point of greatest width near caudal margin, discal sulci obsolete. Tegmina decidedh" reduced, less than twice as long as anal field, broadh" sub-lanceolate, with apex in discoidal field and rather sharply rounded. Wings decidedly atrophied, falling slightly short of apex of anal field of tegmina. but with fields and veins fully defined. Sixth dorsal abdominal segment with distal margin broadly convex, except in very brief lateral portions where it is weakly concave, extending over brief proximo-mesal portion of supra- anal plate. Supra-anal plate nearly half as long as wide, projecting beyond distal margin of subgenital plate, lateral margins weakly concave and convergent to between bases of cerci. thence nearly straight, convergent to the sharply rounded apex. Cerci decidedly shorter than in male, with lateral margins very feebly cren- ate meso-distad. Subgenital plate convex, with distal margin broadly convex and somewhat flattened, subtruncate in mesal section. Two additional females before us have the lateral margins of the supra-anal plate more strongly concave, the apex varying also slightly in form. Measurements {in millimeters) -, Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of ^ body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen Knox County, Indiana 15 3.6 4.7 16. 1 5.4 Pulaski, Illinois. /y/?(' 13 3.1 3.9 13.9 4.3 Dallas, Texas 15 3.7 4.6 15.7 5.1 \'ictoria. Texas 16 3.7 4.7 15.2 4.9 9 Knox County, Indiana 11 .5 3.8 5.2 7.7 3.8 Havana, Illinois, a//o/_v/>(' 14.5 3.9 5.1 7.1 3.7 Rives. Tennessee ii-7 3-9 5 7-7 3-7 Lake\-iew, Mississippi 12.3 3.7 4.8 6.9 3.6 The \er\- small series before us shows very decided size and color variation. Coloration. — cf. (Type.) Head, including ocelli, cinnamon-buff, with a \ertical band of prout's brown from between the ocelli to the mesal portion of the clypeus. Ventral surface of bod\-, includ- ing the proximo-lateral portions of the coxae, warm sepia, remain- ing portions of limbs cinnamon-buff. X'entral surface of abdomen cinnamon-buff; each segment, including subgenital plate, suffused laterad with warm sepia, but leaving the immediate lateral mar- gins pale. Pronotum with disk, between the sulci, sayal brown, remaining portions transparent, tinged with cinnamon-buff. Teg- mina transparent buffy brown. Wings hyaline, with \eins, area of costal ^■eins and distal portion of anterior field tinged with buffy MENL .AM. EXT. SOC, 2. 92 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE brown. Dorsal surface of abdomen sayal brown, with lateral, broken, suffused bands of chestnut brown, leaving narrow lateral margins of cinnamon-buff. Cerci warm sepia. The male from Dallas, Texas, differs in having the discal sulci warm sepia, the intervening space tawny. That from Victoria, Texas, shows an extreme recessive condition with general coloration weak cinnamon- buff, the tegmina with a pearly luster, ^^^ pronotum with disk cin- namon-buff', the abdomen with lateral dark markings, above and below, represented only by single small dots of verona brown on each segment, the median segment hair-tuft mikado brown. 9 . {Allotype.) Head with vertex pale ochraceous-tawny^ below this the face is marked with a subquadrate patch of verona brown, remaining portions of face cinnamon-buff", ocelli feebly indicated in that color. Limbs cinnamon-buff". Ventral surface of abdomen with each segment warm sepia, narrowly margined caudad with cinnamon-buff, except the proximal segments, in which the cinnamon-buff covers the entire segment mesad, sub- genital plate warm sepia, with a round meso-lateral spot of cin- namon, continued to the lateral margins in cinnamon- buff". Pro- notum with broadly suffused, converging lines of verona brown in position of discal sulci, with single dots of the same cephalad, inter\ening space clouded with sayal brown, remaining portions of pronotum warm buff". Tegmina translucent snuff" brown, with marginal fields warm buff". Dorsal surface of abdomen with each segment broadly margined laterad and caudad with warm buff, in remaining portions blackish brown. Supra-anal plate warm buff, suffused with blackish brown proximad. In two other females before us the lines in the position of discal sulci on the pronotum are narrower and weaker, mikado brown. The con- trast in the coloration of the dorsal surface of the abdomen is nat- urally not as decided in specimens of more recessive coloration, while it is also clear that, in drying, the decided natural contrast is often partially lost. Specimens Examined: 12; 5 males, 4 females, 2 immature males and i immature female. "0 A noticeable feature in recessive males of P. divisa and P. pcusylvanica, not fmind in the other species of the genus. MORGAN HEBARD 93 Knox County, Indiana, VI, 8 and 9, 1004. (\V. S. Blatchley). i cf , i 9 , [Blatchley Cln.]. Havana. Illinois, VIII, 14. 1907. (river shore), i 9, allotype, [Hebard Cln.]. Pulaski, 111., VI. 9- 1907, (bluff), i o\ type, [Hebard Cln.]. Rives, Tennessee, VII, 27, (H. Barber), i 9 '" [C S. X. M.]. Lakeview, Mississippi, VII, 16, 1914. (J. C. Bradley), i 9, [A. X. S. P.]. Hattiesburg, Ivliss., IX, 11, 191 5. (Rehn and Hebard; under sign on short-leaf pines), 2 ju\'. d^, [Hebard Cln.]. West Monroe. Louisiana, VIII, 21, 1915, (Rehn and Hebard; in decaying cavity of sweet gum), i juv. 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Mansura, xAvoyelles Parish, La., VI, 21, 1909, i cf , [U. S. X. M.]. Dallas, Texas, VI, i, (J. Boll), i d^, [M. C. Z.]. Victoria, Tex., V. 25, (J. D. Mitchell; at light), i j\ [U. S. X. M.]. Parcoblatta notha (Rehn and Hebard) (Plate III, figures 15 to 19.) 1910. hchnoptera notha Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila., 1910, p. 442, figs. 21 and 22. (In part.) [c^, Huachuca Mountains, Arizona; 9, Palm- erlee, Arizona.!^-] 1912. hchnoptera notha Rehn and Hebard. ibid., 191 2, p. 103. [Single Type; cf, Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.] All previous records of ''Ischnoptera'' from Arizona, except that of the type of americana Scudcler, from Ehrenberg, properly apply to the present species, which has been confused with nhkriana and '' iMeriana fidvescens.'" The species has not been found outside that state, the reference, as the present species, by Rehn and Hebard, of Saussure and Zehnt- ner's figure of a female as uhleriana, probably from Texas or New Mexico, being properly referable to P. zebra, as the material now before us clearly shows. Males of this insect are decidedly the most slender of the larger pale forms of the genus; in the character of the specialization of the median and first dorsal abdominal segments they agree with P. caiidelli and P. lata, but have the projections there found dis- tinctly more pronounced, while the supra-anal plate is distinctive, "' Incorrectly recorded by Rehn and Hebard as divisa. 132 Confusion in the above paper unquestionably occurred. The references to Caudeil's Arizona records of nhleriana were correctly placed under notha, but the material upon which these were based, as well as one specimen from the Galiuro Range, Arizona, were unfortunately listed by mistake under uhleriana fiilvescens and considered in giving the distribution of that insect. With the original description are unfortunately listed three males from California, representing the pale recessive color condition of americana. MEM. .\M. ENT. SOC, 2. 94 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE in form showing some homology to that of P. americana, but con- siderably more specialized. This species and P. caudelli are the only ones of the pale forms of the genus which, in the females, have complete tegmina and wings. Those of the present species are much larger and more robust than those of caudelli, and have the tegmina and wings decidedly shorter, the former with apices falling distinctly short of the apex of the abdomen. In the females of caudelli these organs have retained the full power of flight, in those of the present species sustained flight would be impossible. Characters of Male— {Type. Huachuca Mountains, /Vrizona.) Size rather large, form slender. Head much as in caudelli, rather evenly rounded, with ocelli well defined, but margins of ocellar areas rounding rather weakly into the inter-ocellar- ocular area, which area is feebly flattened, weakly convex, showing a few micro- scopic punctae. Interocular space narrower than that between antennal sockets, slightly wider than that between ocelli. Pronotum unusually long for the genus, with greatest width distinctly caudad of mesal point and with cephalic angles dis- tinctly more broadly rounded than caudal angles, oblique sulci of disk subobsolete.i" Tegmina and wings normal, fully developed; the former and anterior field of the latter proportionately narrower than in the other species of the genus; wings (in the small series) with three to four incomplete and four to five complete rami of the ulnar vein. Median segment supplied mesad with two subtriangular, rounded but decided, elevations, with cephalic face of each furnished with a ^-er\■ hea\->- tuft of hairs, the surface of the segment is also supplied cephalad of these with a very few scattered hairs. First dorsal abdominal segment similarly specialized in every way, except that the elevations are not as broad and the scattered hairs ceph- alad are even less numerous. Sixth dorsal abdominal segment with distal margin nearly straight, trans\erse. Supra-anal plate with lateral margins proximad weakly con\-ex and nearly transverse to between the cerci, there con\-ex-con\ergent to the rather broadly rounded apex, the small produced portion with margins thus forming an obtuse angle with those of basal portion; proximal portion transverse and narrow, with surface feebly convex above cerci and feebly concave in inter- vening area, small produced portion strongly deflexed, with surface concave and strongly declivent distad, thus forming, at the juncture with the proximal portion, a well-defined, rounded and weakly convex, transverse ridge. Cerci elongate and slender, with lateral margins crenate distad. Genital hook showing little narrow- ing at point of recur\ature, and with recurved portion stout and of subequal width throughout. Chitinous, aciculate tip of adjacent process more elongate than usual and weakl>- curxed dextrad onl>' toward apex. Subgenital plate moderately con- vex, except toward bases of styles, where a slight concavit}^ is indicated; lateral margins moderately con\-ex and feebly con\ergent in proximal half, then mod- '■" In the series before us rarel>- moderatch- pronounced. MORGAN HEBARD 95 erately concave and more strongly con\-ergent in distal half, remaining distal por- tion between styles nearly straight, transverse. Styles'" simple, cylindrical and tapering, unusually long for the genus, length of each only slightly less than distance between their bases, situated in sockets on the caudal faces of small rounded knobs at the disto-lateral angles of the dorsal surface of the subgenital plate. Characters of Female. — {Allotype. Palmerlee, Arizona.) Very different from male. Size medium large, form stout. Head large and evenly rounded, with interocular space slightK- greater than that between the antennal sockets and ocelli weakly defined by pale spots. Pronotum much larger than in male, broader, with greatest width decidedly caudad of mesal point, discal sulci obsolete. Tegmina and wings with area reduced nearly half; tegmina rounded evenly distad, not reach- ing the base of the supra-anal plate; wings more abbreviate, with distal margin dis- tincth- truncate, showing two incomplete and two to three complete rami of the ulnar vein. Supra-anal plate decidedly less than half as long as broad, with lateral margins con^•ergent and feebly concave to acute apex. Cerci much as in male, but slighth- shorter. Subgenital plate with surface convex and distal margin broadly convex. Measurements {in millimeters) -^ Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen Galiuro Range, Arizona 14,5 3.8 4 Prescott, Arizona 14.6 3.8 4 Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. h'pe 17 3-9 4 Huachuca Mountains, Arizona . . 17.5 3.8 4 Patagonia Mountains, Arizona. . 18 4.3 5 9 Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona. . 14.7 4.6 5 Palmerlee, Arizona, allotype 14 4.4 5 8 17.8 4,9 8 17.8 4.9 9 16.7 4.8 8 17.3 4.8 3 18.6 5.6 9 10.2 4 7 9-4 41 Coloration. — cf. {Type. Xormal.) Head, underparts and limbs light ochraceous-buff. ocelli cream color. Pronotum with disk ochraceous-buff, remaining portions transparent light ochra- ceous-buff. Tegmina transparent ochraceous-buff. Wings clear hyaline and weakly iridescent, with area of costal \'eins weakly washed with ochraceous-buff proximad and distad and heaxily washed with light Iniff mesad. Dorsal surface of abdomen light ochraceous-buff, with hair tufts ochraceous-tawny and besides suffused distad with this color. No darker specimens are before us. In the palest specimens at hand the darkest portions, disk of pronotum and hair tufts on alxlomen. are ochraceous-buff. "^ The styles ha\ing been de^troNcd in the tNjie, these features are described from a topotype. ME>L .\NL EXT. SOC, 2. 96 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE 9 . General coloration auburn, with a strong chestnut tinge. Coxae and proximal portions of limbs ochraceous-buff, tinged with ochraceous- tawny . Large immature males are found to agree with the female sex in the large, evenly convex head, with widely separated eyes and ocellar spots, pronotal form and absence of discal sulci and form of supra-anal plate. The known distribution of the species is covered by the records given below. It will unquestionably be found, probably widely distributed, in adjacent northern Mexico. Specimens Examined: 15; 7 males, 3 females, 5 immature individuals. Arizona, i cf, [Hebard Cln.]. Prescott, Ariz., i cf , [A. M. N. H.]. Galiuro Range, Ariz., V, 26, (H. G. Hubbard), i o\^'= [U. S. N. M.]. Sabino Basin, Santa Catalina Mountains, Ariz., 3750 feet, VII, 11, 1916, (Rehn and Lutz; trapped, molasses jar, under oaks), i 9, [A. M. N. H.]. Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mountains, Ariz., XI, 15, 1915, (J. F. Tucker; under bark of willows), i juv. c?, i juv. 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Kit's Peak Rincon, Baboquivari Mountains, Ariz., about 4050 feet, VIII, i to 4, igi6, (Lutz and Rehn), i juv., [A. M.N. H.]. Santa Rita Mountains, Ariz., V. 29, i &, [U. S. N. M.]; VII, (F. H. Snow), i d^.i^e I 9 , [U. S. N. M. and Univ. of Kansas Cln.]. Palmerlee, Cochise County, .A.riz., (C. Schaeffer). i 9,i" allotype, i juv. cf, [Bklyn. Inst.]. Reef, Cochise County, Ariz., (C. R. Biederman), i juv. c?, [U. S. N. M.]. Huachuca Mountains, Ariz., VIII, 22, 1903. (E. J. Oslar), i cf, type,^^» [U. S. N. M.]; I cf 1'^ [Bklyn. Inst.]. Patagonia Mountains, Ariz., V, 15, 1903, (E. J. Oslar), i d",^*" [U. S. N. M.]. Parcoblatta virginica (Brunner) (Plate IV, figures i to 5.) 1865. T[emnopteryx] virginica Brunner, Nouv. Syst. Blatt., p. 86. [9, Draper's Valley, Virginia.] 13= Accidentally recorded by Rehn and Hebard under iihlcriatia fulvesccns. 136 Previous to description incorrectly recorded by Caudell as uhleriana. Accidently recorded by Rehn and Hebard under uhleriana fiUvescens. 13^ Previous to description incorrectly recorded by Rehn as uhleriana. 138 Previous to description incorrectly recorded by Caudell as uhleriana. 139 Accidentally recorded by Rehn and Hebard under uhleriana fulvescens. 140 Previous to description incorrectly recorded by Caudell as uhleriana. Accidentally recorded by Rehn and Hebard under uhleriana julvescefis. MORGAN HEBARD 97 1865. I[schnoptera] borcalis Brunner,'-" Xou\-. Syst. Blatt., p. 133. [d^. North America.] The above synonymy is due to the fact that, at that time, the sexes of the species of the present genus in which the females have decidedly reduced tegmina, were supposed to represent distinct species, universally referred to different genera. Males of this species are distinctive in the modification of the median segment and in the decided truncation of the supra-anal plate. In general appearance they are nearest males of P. iihler- iana; which sex of these two species, among the medium small and normally pale forms of the genus, has exceptionally broad tegmina. Proper association of the sexes of P. iihleriana and P. fulvescens, and the extensive series of those forms, as well as of the present species, now before us, leaves no room for doubt that the female, described by Brunner as T. virginica, represents that sex of the species the male of which was described, on a later page of the same work, as /. borealis. As we now know, the female of uhleriana is very different from that of the present species."'- Brunner's description of virginica could only be confused with fulvescens, but the females of that species average distinctly larger, are decidedly more robust and more frequently show wide differences in coloration. In addition we would state that, in virginica, the females normally ha\e the supra-anal plate with lateral margins straight, convergent to the more acute apex, the caudal margin of the sixth dorsal abdomi- nal segment distinctly less convex and the large proximal spines of the cephalic margins of the cephalic femora fewer than in females of fulvescens. The only other species of the genus, the known females of which have subquadrate tegmina,"^ is P. lata, an insect agreeing more closely with fulvescens, but much larger and more robust; under fulvescens full comparisons are made. '^' A male of this species is also described on page 134, incorrectly as /. unicolor (Scudder). It is merely a specimen of recessive coloration, showing individual differ- ences in the rami of the ulnar vein of the wings. !■*- See description under uhleriana. '^' Females of Symploce lita Hebard, show a general resemblance to those of the present species, see page 151. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 98 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Characters of i/a/e.— (Asheville, North Carolina.) Size medium small for the genus, form moderately slender. Interocular space one-halfi" (to slightly less than) the width between the antennal sockets, (normally) appreciably less than the inter- ocellar width. Ocelli well defined. Area between eyes and ocelli appreciably flat- tenedi" to a point just above the antennal sockets, with surface microscopically roughened. Maxillary palpi much as in P. bolliana. Pronotum with greatest width at mesal point, i« oblique sulci of disk very decided and connected caudad by a short, transverse impression. Tegmina and wings normal, fully developed ; tegmina broad, distinctly broader than pronotum, with point of greatest width meso-distad ; wings'(in the series) with two"' to five incomplete and four to six complete rami of the ulnar vein. Median segment with a moderately large mesal area supplied with minute scattered hairs. Other dorsal segments unspecialized, distal margin of sixth segment weakly and broadly convex in large mesal portion. Supra-anal plate transverse, truncate, fully four times as broad as long, weakly declivent distad, free margin weakly and briefly concave at bases of cerci, thence strongly convergent and weakly convex to broadly transverse median portion. Cerci slender, with (normally) ten"^ joints, decreasing evenly in size distad. Genital hook situated sinistrad! a chitinous process recurved at less than a right-angle, not as elongate as in hoUiana and in consequence normally concealed by the short supra-anal plate, least width at point of recurvature ; mesad and adjacent is situated a very slender and much longer, nearly straight, chitinous process with sharp apex directed slightly sinistrad. Subgenital plate roughly subquadrate with disto-lateral angles rounded, the rounding of the dextral angle slightly the broadest, the dextral margin is straight, produced to this angle, the sinistral margin is (normally) rather deeply concave just before the sinistro-distal angle, i" distal margin nearly straight, sub-oblique trans- verse; surface of plate weakly convex but rather extensively deplanate meso-distad; at the disto-lateral angles are situated, in sockets on the ventral surface of the plate at the free margin, simple, slender styles, similar in size and form, in length (nor- mally) each equal to about three-fifths the distance between their bases, i^o Exposed portion of eighth dorsal abdominal segment, which is folded over the base of the subgenital plate, decidedly short, slightly shorter than exposed portion of seventh ventral abdominal segment. 1" This is the usual condition, though in this species frequent individuals show some difference. '^5 Often weakly concave. i« Occasional specimens have the greatest pronotal width very slightly caudad of the mesal point. "'The type of Brunner's synonymous horealis is described as having but a single complete ramus. This is certainly attributable to individual variation. i<8 Specimens with eleven distinct cereal joints are before us. 1" Slight variation in the free margins of the subgenital plate is frequent. The con- cavity of the sinistral margin, just before the sinistro-distal angle, is sometimes deep, rarely subobsolete. The distal margin often shows a slight concavity. 15" Slight variation in these appendages and in the distal diameter of the ]ilatc, results in occasional specimens showing styles with length of each onc-lialf to two-thirds the distance between their bases. MORGAN HEBARD 99 Characters of Female. — (Collison Ridge, Bath County, X'irginia.) Size rather small, form more slender than in uhleriana or fiilve seen s, not as compact as in bol- liana. Head broader and more evenly convex than in male. Interocular width slightly greater than that between antennal sockets. Minute ocellar spots present. Pronotum convex, without discal sulci, ample, with portion of greatest width near caudal margin, which is truncate, very weakly convex. Tegmina quadrate pads, with sutural margins slightly overlapping, extending slightly beyond caudal margin of median segment, rounding broadly at apex of anal vein and with the more broadly rounded angle at costal margin slightly the more produced, a slight emargination (normally!") indicated on the margin of the discoidal field; veins distinct. Wings represented by small atrophied pads, their apices extending slightly beyond the distal margin of the metanotum. Sixth dorsal abdominal segment with distal margin weakly and broadly convex in large mesal portion. Supra-anal plate de- cidedly more than twice as wide as long, lateral margins straight convergent, 1^2 from bases of cerci to acute, sharply rounded apex. Cerci shorter than in male, with lateral margins feebly crenate, joints distinct but dorsal. surface subdeplanate. Subgenital plate convex, little produced, with free margin rather weakly convex. Measurements {in millimeters) ■^ Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of ^ body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen Cambridge, Massa- chusetts (3) 13-13-9 3- 1-3-2 3-7-3-9 15-15- I 4-S-5 West Point, Xew York (2) 1 1. 5-13. 8 2.7-3.2 3 -4-4 -I 14-3-16.6 4.6-5.6 Ivy Hill, Pennsyl- vania (9) 12.1-14.2 3-3.4 3-7-4-3 14-7-17 4-8-5-2 Washington, District of Columbia (15) 11.7-13 3-1-3-3 3-^-4-3 I3-8-I5-7 4-6-4-7 Tappahannock, \"ir- ginia (3) 11. 8-12 3-1-3-2 3-8-3-8 14-137 4-6-4-1 '^' As in the other species showing this type of tegmina, the proportions show frequent slight individual variation. Sometimes an appreciable elongation, sometimes a distinct narrowing, is found. At the free margin of the discoidal field variation frequently occurs, ranging from no emargination whatsoever, to a decided concavity, which gives the tegmina a strongly truncate form. This latter condition is normal in fulvescens from the eastern United States, though occasional specimens from that region show only a slight emargination. It is evident that, though eastern material of virginica and fulvescens is normally dif- ferent in this feature, it can only be used as of secondary importance. Valid characters such as form, pronotal dimensions, production of the sixth dorsal abdominal segment and form of supra-anal plate must be used in separating females of these species. Fail- ure to recognize this has resulted in Rehn and Hebard's incorrectly recording small females of fulvescens, unusual in tegminal contour, as borealis, a synonym of virginica, from Goldsboro, North Carolina and IVIena, Arkansas. '^- Occasional specimens show a vcr>' weak concavity of these margins. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 100 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE j-71 Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen Asheville, North Car- olina (40) 12. 7-13. 7 2.8-3 3-7-4 I4-4-I5-8 4-7-4-9 Northern Illinois. .. . 14.7 3.4 4.3 16.7 5.7 St. Louis, Missouri . . 12.8 3 3.7 13.8 4.7 South Bend, Nebraska(5) 13. 8-1 5. 4 3.3-3.6 4.1-4.4 14. 3-1 5. 8 4.9-5.2 Arkansas City, Kan- sas II. 7 2.9 3.6 12.8 4.3 9 WoUaston, Massa- chusetts 10.3 3.7 4.8 4.3 3.3 Ivy Hill, Pennsyl- vania (51) 10.9-12.5 3-2-3.7 4I-4-9 3-8-4-9 2.7-3.3 Washington, District of Columbia (32) 10. 3-1 1.7 3.3-3.6 4.-4.6 4-44 2.8-3.1 Rabun County, Georgia (2) 10.5-11.4 3.3-3.3 4.2 3-3-3-7 2.8-2.9 Opelika, Alabama. . . 10.3 3.2 4.4 3.7 2.8 Vigo County, Indiana (2) 10.8-11.6 3.2-3.4 4.4-4.7 4-3.8 2.8-3 South Bend, Nebraska(3) 10. 4-1 1.5 3.6-3.8 4.5-4.7 3.9-4.6 2.8-3.2 Rather decided size differences are shown by the very extensive series before us, these in great part due to individual variation, though over certain regions somewhat different averages are found to occur. No differences of adequate value or constancy are found, however, to warrant the recognition of a geographic race. The average number of heavy spines on the ventro-cephalic margins of the cephalic femora aid in distinguishing virginica from Jtdvescens, and in consequence we have made the following counts from one hundred females^^^ from all portions of the series before us. Number of Spines 2-4 3-3 3-4 4-4 4-5 4-6 5-5 Number of Specimens. ... 3 5 9 64 15 2 2 Of these, 64 % have four spines on each limb, 81 % four or less, while 98 % have four or less on at least one of the limbs. The fifth or sixth distal, heavy spine, when present in this species, is usually much smaller than the others. Coloration. — cf . (Normal.) General coloration ochraceous-buff , with disk of pronotum slightly darker. Head tawny, eyes mummy brown, ocelli pale ochraceous-buff, mouth-parts ochraceous-buff". "'^ This sex of these species is alone liable to be confused. In the males the spine count agrees closely with that of the females. MORGAN HEBARD I 01 Tegmina transparent, ochraceous-buff, becoming paler distad. Wings hyaline, with area of costal veins and, to a less degree, distal portion of anterior field, washed with ochraceous-buff. Abdomen ochraceous-buff, washed with buckthorn brown or ochraceous- tawny, particularly distad. In rare specimens, showing maximum recessive coloration, the darker portions of the head are weak ochraceous-tawny and the pronotal disk is of the pale general col- oration. In the maximum intensive coloration, the dark portions of the head are deep bay and nearly the entire anterior field of the wings are suffused with ochraceous-tawny. 9 . (Normal.) Head shining blackish chestnut brown, minute ocellar spots pale ochraceous-buff, mouthparts and also limbs ochraceous-tawny. Pronotum and tegmina hazel, the latter with marginal field slightly paler. Dorsal surface of abdomen shining dark chestnut brown, the segments washed more and more heavily proximad with hazel. Ventral surface of abdomen tawny. In rare specimens of maximum recessive coloration the head is tawny, the remaining portions of the insect ochraceous-tawny with un- derparts and limbs slightly paler. In the maximum intensive coloration, occasionally encountered, the head and dorsal surface of abdomen are shining blackish chestnut brown, the pronotum and tegmina shining suffused chestnut, the limbs pale tawny and ventral surface of abdomen chestnut brown. The majority of the specimens before us range from the normal toward the intensive color condition, no geographic significance being found. The ootheca is small, usually distinctly less than three times as long as deep, and is carried with suture directed dorsad. Its sur- face is microscopically granulose with vertical divisions weakly indicated. The suture is supplied with minute, rather well spaced, conical knobs, arranged approximately one at the extremity of, and one intermediate between, each of the vertical divisions. The range of the species is now known to extend northward on the Atlantic coast as far as Norway and Orono, Maine. South of these points it is widely distributed to the coast as far as the lati- tude of Lillington. North Carolina. ^'^^ Farther southward it is found only in the Piedmont and numerous in the Appalachians to 1" Males already recorded by Rehn and Hebard, as the synonymous borealis, from Fernandina, Florida, do indeed represent the present species, but it appears quite prob- able that these were wrongly labelled. Those authors' records of females from Golds- boro. North Carolina, and Mena, Arkansas, must be referred to fulvescetis. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 102 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE their southern limit, having been secured as far southwestward as Opehlva, Alabama. Westward the species is known as far as St. Anthony Park, Minnesota; Lincoln, Nebraska, and Clark County, Kansas; in the Mississippi valley region not being known south of Crawford County, Indiana, and St. Louis, Missouri. Specimens Examined:^^^ 637; 159 males, 475 females, i immature male and 2 immature females. Orono, Maine, VII, 27, 1906, i 9, [Maine State Agr. Exp. Sta.]. Norway, Me., (S. J. Smith), i c?, [M. C. Z.]. Lowell, Massachusetts, VI, 17, 1879, id", 1 9, [M. C. Z.]. North Wilmington, Mass., VI, 4, 1909, i 9, [Morse Cln.]. Brookline, Mass., (Bond), i cT, [M. C. Z.]. Jamaica Plains, Mass., VIII, 16, 1877, i 9, [M. C. Z.]. Forest Hills, Mass., VIII, 22, 1877, i 9, [M. C. Z.]. Cambridge, Mass., VI, 9 to VII, 9, 1871, 3 d", [M. C. Z.]. Wollaston, Mass., 1883, VI, i and 8, 1896, 1897, (F. H. Sprague), 3 cf, i 9, [M. C. Z.]. xMilton, Mass., VI, 26, 1878, i c?, [M. C. Z.]. Wellesley, Mass., VII, 16 to 27, 1904, 1914, (A. P. Morse), 4 9 , [Morse Cln.]. Springfield, Mass., (Emery), i 9, [M. C. Z.]. Hartland, Vermont, VIII, 10, 1912, i 9, [Morse Cln.]. Waterbury, Connecticut, VI, 7, 1880, (W. H. Patton; at light), i 6", [A. N. S. P.]. New Haven, Conn., (B. H. Walden), 1 d", i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Ithaca, New York, VI, 3, 1915, (W. T. Davis; in Coy Glen), i d", i 9, [Davis Cln.]. Deep Pond, Wading River, Long Island, N. Y., VII, 26, 1914, (W. T. Davis), I cT, I 9 , [Davis Cln. and Bklyn Inst.]. Yaphank, L. I., N. Y., VI, 9, 1912, (W. T. Davis), i cf ; IX, 5, 191 1, (W.T. Davis), I 9 , [both Davis Cln.]. West Point, N. Y., (Osten Sacken), i d", [M. C. Z.]; VI, 14 and 16, 1913 and 1914, (W. T. Davis), 3 c?, 4 9, [Davis Cln.]. Pine Island, N. Y., VI, 20, 1912, (W. T. Davis), i a\ [Davis Cln.]. Clove Valley, Staten Island, N. Y., VIII, 15, 1912, (W. T. Davis; at sugar), 4 9 ; VI, 5 and VIII, 1914, (W. T. Davis), i c?, 2 9 , [all Davis Cln.]. Newfoundland, New Jersey, V, 28, 1910, (W. T. Davis), i d", [Davis Cln.]. Bear Swamp, Ramapo Hills, N. J., VI, 20, 1910, (C. L. Pollard,) i 9, [Davis Cln.]. Old Bridge, N. J., VI, (W. T. Davis), i 9, [Davis Cln.]. Lakehurst, N. J., VII and VIII, 18, (W. T. Davis), 2 9, [Davis Cln.]. Chatsworth, N. J., VIII, 20, 1912, (W. T. Davis), i 9, [Davis Cln.]. '^^ So general has been the confusion of the names horealis, tihleriana, unicolor and uhleriana fulvescens, that it would be impossible to correct the past references for these, without examining the material upon which each was based. MORGAN HEBARD IO3 West Creek, N. J., VIII, 26 and 2S, 1914, (Rehn; trapped, molasses jar in pine and oak woods), 2 9, [A. X. S. P.]. Eagleswood Bog near Stafford's Forge, Ocean County, X. J., \ III, 28, 1914, (Rehn), i 9, [A. X. S. P.]. Cardiff, X. J., MI, 28 to 31, 1914, (Hebard; trapped, molasses jar in pine bar- rens), I 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Reega, Atlantic County, X. J., \11. 20 to \'III, 20, 1914- (Hebard; trapped, molasses jar in area of pine barrens with heavy, grass}- undergrowth), 32 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Peermont, X. J., \"11. 13, 1907. i c?. [A. X. S. P.]. Swainton, X. J., \'II, 26 to VIII. 21. 1914, (Hebard; trapped, molasses jar in forest of few pines, indicating the southernmost extent of pine barrens), 139, [Heb- ard Cln.]. Wildwood Junction. X. J., VII, 28 to VIII, 21, 1914. (Hebard; trapped, molasses jar in oak forest), 38 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Dias Creek, X. J., \'II, 20 to VIII, 8, 1914, (Hebard; trapped, molasses jar in oak woods), 79 9 , [Hebard Cln.j. Westville, X. J., VI, 6, I c?, [Hebard Cln.]. Clementon, X. J.. \'1I, 2 to 30, 1914, (E. R. Casey; trapped, molasses jar), 21 9 , [Casey Cln.]. Mount Pocono, Pennsylvania, VI, 9 to 19, 1906, (P. P. Calvert), i cT, [A. X. S. P.]. Philadelphia, Pa., V, 26, i d^ ; V, 29, 1906, i 9 ; VI, i to 19, 1914. (Hebard; trapped, molasses jar in heavy ravine forest at Wissahickon and Lincoln Drives), I cT, 2 9 ; VI, 10 to 15, 1914, (Hebard; trapped, molasses jar on rocky slope with few deciduous trees in Fairmount Park at Dauphin Street), i d" , 3 9 ; ^'^' ^- ^o 30' 1914, (Hebard; trapped molasses jar on knoll with high deciduous trees on Lincoln Drive at Tulpehocken), 19 9, [all Hebard Cln.]. Ashbourne, Pa., VI, 30, 1907, (B. Long), i d^, [A. X. S. P.]. iMount Airy, Pa., VI, 10 and 11, (P. Laurent), 2 o^ i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Ivy Hill, Mount Airy, Pa., VI, 4, 1914, (Hebard; under bark of decaying chest- nut log), 8 d^, 4 9 ; VI, 8 to 30, 1914, (Hebard; trapped, molasses jar in lofty scat- tered chestnut forest), i d", 54 9, [all Hebard Cln.]. Upsal, Pa., \'I, 14 to VII, 11, 1914, (Hebard; trapped, molasses jar in oak forest on high ground), 19 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Chestnut Hill, Pa., VI, 13, 1904, (Hebard; under stones in forest chiefly of chest- nut), 39,1 with ootheca; VI, 16 to 23, 1914, (Hebard; trapped, molasses jar near Wissahickon in heavy deciduous forest ravine), 2 9; X. 23, 1903, (Hebard; in deciduous forest), I juv. d", i juv. 9, [all Hebard Cln.]. Whitemarsh. Pa., VI. 8 to \'II. 17, 1914, (H ; trapped, molasses jar in heavy low chestnut and oak forest on high ridge), 4 d", 84 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Harrisburg, Pa., \'I, 13, (at light), i d', [Pa. State Dept. Zool.]. McConnellsburg, Pa.. \'I. 4, 1905, (W. Stone), I 9. [A. X. S. P.]. Beatty, Pa., (O. Brugger). 4 o^ 2 9, i juv. 9, [A. X. S. P.]. Chestertown, Maryland, \', 30, 1910, (F. G. Vanatta), 1 d", [A. X. S. P.]. MEM. AM. EXT. SOC, 2. 104 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Beltsville, Md., VI, 4, 1914, (J. D. Hood), i cT, [U. S. N. M.]. Cabin John, Md., (A. N. Caudell), i d", [U. S. N. M.]. Glen Echo, Md., VII, n, 1914, (A. N. Caudell), i 9 , with ootheca, [U. S. N. M.]. Washington, District of Columbia, V and VI, 3 . 4I7- (No- vember.) [6 cf, Massachusetts.] 1S62. E[ctobia] lithophila Scudder, Ibid., p. 418. [juv.. Massachusetts.] 1903. hchnoptera intricata Blatchley, Orth. of Indiana, p. 186, hg. 28. (In part.) [ 9 : Crawford and Steuben Counties, Indiana. ^^s] Coincidence in time resulted in Scudder's synonym iniicolor,^''^ while his synonymous lithophila is attributable to the ill-advised description of immature material. Failure to associate the sexes resulted in the description of the female as intricata, since which time that sex of the present species has been without exception recorded under that name, or, due to further incorrect association, as the female of /. johnsoni. Males of this species have been generally confused with those of P. fiilvescens and P. virginica (as the synonymous /. boreal is). Compared with Julvescens close similarity is found in size, general ^^^ Taken by the describer. i"The records of subsequent authors of Ischnoptera unicolor, with two excepiions, apply properly either to males of virginica, or to material of that species and males of the present insect, in which case the presence of two distinct species was overlooked. The exceptions are of Floridian material, recorded by Scudder and Blatchley, representing males of P. Julvescens. 158 We here select as single type of Ischnoptera intricata Blatchley: figured 9 ; Crawford County, Indiana, VII, 2, 1902, (W. S. Blatchley), [Blatchley Cln.]. The male described as this species, with some doubt, by Blatchley, is also before us. It is a specimen of Ischnoptera deropeltiformis Brunner, which, killed when recenth' matured, had not at- tained its full coloration. 1^" Scudder has given twice the correct length measurements in his description. MEM. .\M. EXT. SOC, 2. I06 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE coloration, specialization of median segment antl form of supra- anal and subgenital plates. In uhlcriana, however, the head is normally more flattened between the eyes and ocelli and darkened medio-longitudinally; the pronotum is proportionately shorter, with point of greatest width normally mesad and the cur\atLire of the cephalic and caudal angles more nearly similar, while the discal sulci are more pronounced; the tegmina are distinctly broader; the ridges of the median segment more decided, and the subgenital plate, at the base of the dextral style, not decidedly elevated. The cerci are extremely distinctive in having the inner distal angles of the sixth to ninth joints acutely, though weakly, produced and in consequence differing appreciably from the corresponding outer angles, a feature not found constant in any other known species of the genus. i*'" The female sex is distinctive,'" particularly in the tegmina, which are lateral, but broadly and roundly subtriangular, while vestigial wings are present. Confusion can consequently occur only with the female of P. dcsertae, which is a more slender insect, with inter- ocular space wider, tegmina decidedly narrower, w^ith sutural mar- gins less convex, mesal production of sixth dorsal abdominal seg- ment distinctly less broadly rounded, and distinctively shaped supra-anal plate. The highly specialized ootheca of the present species is of an entirely ditTerent type from that known for any other species of the genus. Characters of Male. — (W'hirciiiarsh, Pennsyhania.) Size nu'diuni for the genus, form moderately slender, hiterocular space two-thirds (to slightly less than^") the width between the antennal sockets. "^ Ocelli well defined. Inter-ocular- ocellar area appreciably flattened to a jioint just above the antennal sockets, with surface microscopicalh- roughened. Maxillar\- palpi more elongate than in P. ^^^ A production of the distal cereal joints is founil in poisylviUiirn. Though occurring in both sexes of that species, it is found to be indixiduallx' e.\tr(.-nu'l\- \arial)le and ot no diagnostic importance. 1^1 The females referred by Rehn ' very small atrophied pads, their apices extending (normally) slightly beyond caudal margin of metanotum.i^* Sixth dorsal abdominal segment with distal margin distinctly, but broadly, convex in large mesal portion. Supra- anal plate distinctly more than twice as broad as long, lateral margins weakly con- cave and convergent from bases of cerci to rather broadly rounded apex. Cerci shorter than in male, with lateral margins nearly entire, ^'^ with joints distinct and dorsal surface very feebly convex. Measurements {in millimeters) _^ Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of *--' body pronotum pronotum"!) tegmen"' tegmen Wollaston, Massachu- setts (2) 13.7-13.5 2.9-2.9 4- 1-4-3 16. 3-16. 4 5-6-5-4 Whitemarsh, Pennsyl- vania (27) 16-16. 5 3 1-3 -3 4- 3-4-9 16.1-17.7 5 3-5 -8 Washington, District of Columbia (9) 13. 7-15. 5 3-1-3-2 4-3-4-7 iS-J-i? 5-6 Raleigh, North Caro- lina (7) 15-17 3-3-3-4 4-8-4-9 16. 7-17. 9 5.8-6.1 Asheville, North Caro- lina (68) 15-17 3-1-3-4 4-4-5 173-18.7 5-7-6-3 Clayton, Georgia. .. . (2) 15. 5-1 5. 7 3.4-3.6 4.8-4.8 18. 7-1 8. 8 5-8-5-9 IMossville, Illinois. .. . 15 3.4 4.7 17. 2 5.7 St. Louis, M issouri ... (4) 1 3 . 3- 1 6 . 5 3-3 .6 4 . 3-4 .7 1 6- 1 7 . 7 5 . 3-5 . 9 Iowa City, Iowa (2) 15 -5"! 5 3-2-3-3 4-3-4-7 16. 4-1 7. 4 54-5-9 ^^'^ Rare specimens show slightly less separation, while this dimension varies individu- ally to nearly 2 mm. in certain specimens. 1^^ The large series of females before us, shows decided variation in the tegminal length. Frequent specimens have the tegmina extending only to the caudal margin of the metanotiun, while in rare e.xamples these organs extend nearly to the caudal margin of the first abdominal segment. 1"* In individuals showing variation in tegminal size, a proportionate variation in the wing pads is found. 1"' Normally showing an extremely feeble crenation meso-distad. '"' The pronotal width is given as accurately as possible under the conditions here found. The pronotum is usually somewhat distorted in trapped material, abnormally buckled up, while in papered material it is sometimes more flattened out than in life. ^^' The length of the exposed portion of the tcgmcn is given for females. MORGAN HEBARD IO9 Q Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen Sherborn, Massachu- setts (2) 12-13. 3 3-7-4-2 5-3-6 3-3-3-9 2.9-3.3 Whitemarsh, Pennsyl- vania (383)11.7-15 3-4-4I 4-9-5-9 32-6.31" 2.7-3.7 Washington, District of Columbia (123)11.7-13 3-7-3-9 5-5-4 3-4-6 2.8-3.3 Asheville, North Caro- lina — 3-9 5 7 42 3.2 Clayton, Georgia li 3-9 5-3 3-7 2.8 St. Simon's Is., Georgia 12.3 3.8 5.6 3.4 3.2 Opelika, Alabama. .. . 9.8 3.5 4.8 3.2 2.5 Crawford Co., Indiana (2) 11. 9-12. 7 36-3. 7 5-7-5-3 3-'^-4-2 32-3 Mountain Grove, Mis- souri (11) 1 1. 5-14 3-''~i-4-2 5 4-5-9 3-7-4-3 3 -1-3 -2 Bloomington, Iowa.. . li 3.8 5.5 4 3.3 The \'ery large series of females before us shows interesting variations in the tegmina. Slight variation in size is frequent, while the margin of the discoidal field is sometimes nearly straight, or often shows varying degrees of weak concavity. The optimum of the present species is apparently found in the southern Appalachians; little geographic variation, however, is apparent. The number of heavy spines on the ventro-cephalic margins of the cephalic femora is variable, and of no diagnostic value in the majority of the species of the genus. The following count, for one hundred specimens of each sex of the present species, shows the great instability here found. Number of Spines 2-5 3-3 3-4 3-6 4-4 4-5 4-6 5-5 5-6 5-7 6-6 6-7 6-S 6-9 1-4 Number of Males o 2 4 i 9 25 4 26 15 i 7 3 i i i Number of Females. . . i 3 8 o 9 30 i 30 16 o i 1000 Counts made for other species, but not included in the present paper, show considerable varial)ility in each, but, as in the present species, show a count of from four to six of these spines on each cephalic femur in a large majority of the specimens. '"-Two sjiecimens, in this series alone, of the nine hinulred and seventy-two females before us, show this very unusual tegminal length. The extreme distal production in both is found only in the costal field. The average tegminal length for females of uhleriana is 3.5 to 4 mm. MEM. .\>L ENT. SOC. 2. no NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Coloration. — cf. (Normal.) General coloration ochraceous- buff with disk of pronotum and tegmina slightly darker, tinged with ochraceoLis-tawny. Head tawny, shading laterad to ochra- ceous-buff at the antennal sockets and genae ; eyes blackish brown ; ocelli pale ochraceous-biiff. Tegmina transparent. Wings hya- line, faintly tinged with ochraceous-tawny, this slightly heavier distad in the anterior field and decidedly heavier, as heavy as on the tegmina, in the costal area. Abdomen ochraceous-buff , washed with ochraceous-tawny distad. In specimens of maximum reces- sive coloration, the ochraceous-tawny is everywhere more dilute, the vertical cephalic marking, however, never disappearing. In the intensive extreme this marking is tawny above, but mars brown below the ventral margin of the eyes; the tegmina being deep russet, with the exception of the marginal field, which is weak ochraceous-tawny. 9 . (Maximum recessive.) Head, pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum ferruginous, the former slightly paler on the genae, the latter narrowly margined with blackish brown caudad. Teg- mina kaiser brown, with marginal field ferruginous. Dorsum of abdomen blackish brown, with numerous segments narrowly bor- dered proximo-laterad with ferruginous. Eyes blackish brown. Minute ocellar dots cream color. Limbs ochraceous-tawny proxi- mad, deepening to tawny at the tibiae. Ventral surface of abdo- men kaiser brown, each segment broadly marked with blackish chestnut laterad. From this condition to the maximum intensive type of coloration every gradation and variation is found, the majority of even the paler specimens having, however, the abdo- men solidly blackish brown above and below. Rarely pale speci- mens, having the pronotum ferruginous, have the tegmina, excepting the marginal field, blackish brown, this color occasionally briefly invading the pronotum latero-caudad. This particular condition is strikingly handsome. (Maximum intensive.) General color shining l)lackish brown, the trochanters and tarsal joints russet. Minute ocellar dots whitish. Often specimens of intensive color- ation have the tegmina, and occasionally the pronotum and limbs, slightly paler, blackish chestnut brown, but a multitude of varia- tions occur. One striking type is above entirely blackish brown, except the marginal fields of the tegmina, which are tawny. MORGAN HEBARD HI The young of both sexes before us are dark in general coloration, further resembling the adult female in cephalic contour. The remarkaljle ootheca is carried with suture laterad. It is similar in form to that of P. fulvcscens, approximately 3.4 mm. in width, with surface microscopically very finely granulate, and vertical divisions weakh- defined and moderately well spaced, as in that species. The suture is furnished with minute, regularly and moderately well-spaced, acute-conical projections, as in fid- vescens, but along each side runs a deeply inset, oval channel, al- most closed above by the thin wall projecting from the base of the suture and the lateral surface of the ootheca (see PI. I\\ figs. 11 and 12). This condition is not found in any other species of the genus, for which the ootheca is known. It is of interest to note that at W'hitcmarsh. Pennsylvania, in a low but heavy chestnut, oak and maple forest, where molasses traps showed the species to be present in great numbers, search for several hours at various times, on the ground in leaves and leaf mould, under stones and under the bark of decaying chestnut logs, failed to reveal a single specim.en of the insect. The known northern limits of the species are: the vicinity of Boston, Massachusetts; Saginaw Bay, Michigan, and Iowa City. Iowa. On the immediate Atlantic coast it has been found as far south as Pablo Beach, Florida, but has not been recorded from the Coastal Plain or Piedmont Plateau south of Raleigh, North Carolina. It is distriluited to the southernmost limits of the Appalachians, and has been taken as far southwestward of that point as Opelika, Alabama. Its southwestward distribution is imperfectly understood, owing to insufficiency of material, the known limital records being Xash\-ille, Tennessee and Mountain Grove, Missouri. Specimens Examined: 1245; 2;vS males, 994 females, 13 immature individuals. Massachusetts, i juv. c^, i small juv.. cot y pes oi Ectobia lithophila Scudder; 1 d", type of Platamodes unicolor Scudder, [all M. C. Z.]. Wellesley, Mass., VII, 16 to VIII, 1902 to 1914, (A. P. Morse), i cT, 5 9, [Morse Cln.]. Sherborn, Mass.. (E. J. Smith; light trap), 4 o"" ; \"III, 1896 and 1910, 2 9, I with ootheca, [Morse Cln.]. Milton, Mass., \'I, 26, 1878, i 9, [M. C. Z.]. Wollaston, Mass.. (F. H. Sprague), 2 c^, [M. C. Z.|. MEM. .\M. EXT. SOC, 2. 112 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Sharon, Mass., VIII, 22, 1897, (F. H. Sprague), i 9 , [M. C. Z.]. Edgartown, Martha's Vineyard, Mass., VI, 28, i 9 , [Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Cln.]. Lyme, Connecticut, VII, 3. iQio, (A. B. Champlain), i 9 , [Morse Chi.]. New Haven. Conn., VI. 14 and 19, 1910, (B. H. Walden), 2 c?, 2 9 , [Morse and Hebard Clns.]. r^ • x tttt Wading River, Long Island, New York, V, 30, 1914, (W. T. Davis), i c?; Vli, 26 1914 (W. T. Davis; at Deep Pond), 2 9, [all Davis Cln.]. West Point, N. Y., (Osten-Sacken), i d^, [M. C. Z.]; VI, 18, 1912. (W. T. Davis), I c?, [Davis Cln.]. rr^ • r-, 1 Staten Island, N. Y., V, 22 to VIII, (W. T. Davis), 3 cT, 5 ? - [Davis Cln.]. Ramsey, New Jersey, VI, 24, 1912, (W. T. Davis), i cf , [Davis Cln.]. Lakehurst, N. J., V, 27 to VII, (W. T. Davis), 3 cf , i 9 . [Davis Cln. and Bklyn. Inst]- VII, 27, 1915, (Rehn; in pine barrens), i 9, [A. N. S. P.]. Eagleswood Bog near Stafford's Forge, N. J., VIII, 26 to 30, i9i4.(Rehn; trapped, molasses jar), 29,1 juv. 9, [A. N. S. P.]. West Creek, N. J., VIII, 26 and 30, 1914. (Rehn; trapped, molasses jar in oak and pine woods), i 9, i juv. d^, [A. N. S. P.]. Margate City, N. J., VII, 24 to VIII, 16, 1914. (Hebard; trapped, molasses jars in heavy barrier beach forest), i cf , 58 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Mount Calvary at PleasantviUe, N. J., VII, 25 to 27, 1914. (Hebard; trapped, molasses jar in scant pine barrens undergrowth), i 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Cardiff. N. J., VIL 25 to VIII, 10, 1914, (Hebard; trapped, molasses jars in typi- cal pine barrens undergrowth), 7 9. [Hebard Cln.]. Reega, N. J., VII, 20 to VIII, 10, 1914, (Hebard; trapped, molasses jars in pine barrens, with heavy, grassy undergrowth), 72 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Swainton, N. J., VII, 20 to VIII. 21, 1914- (Hebard; trapped, molasses jars on border of pine barrens and on edge of swamp), 35 ? - i very small juv., [Hebard Cln.]. Witdwood Junction, N. J., VII, 28 to VIII, 21. 1914- (Hebard; trapped, molasses jar-s in heavy deciduous forest), 92 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Dias Creek, N. J., VII, 27 to VIII, 8, 1914. (Hebard; trapped, molasses jars in heavy oak woods), 99 9 , 3 very small juv., [Hebard Cln.]. Clementon, N. J., VII, 2 to 31, 191 5. (E. R. Casey; trapped, molasses jars), 20 9 , [Casey Cln.]. Haddonfield, N. J., II, i, 1889, i 9 , [A. N. S. P.]. Ashbourne, Pennsylvania, VI, 17, 1912, (B. Long), i c?, [A. N. S. P.]. Tulpehocken, Pa., VI, 20 to 22, 1914, (Hebard; trapped, molasses jar), i cf, [Hebard Cln.]. Upsal, Pa., VI, 14 to VII, n, 1914, (Hebard; trapped, molasses jars in upland oak and chestnut forest), 22 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Ivy Hill, Mount Airy, Pa., VI, 8 to 30, i()i4, (Hebard; trapped, molasses jars in chestnut forest), 2 c?, [Hebard Cln.]. Chestnut Hill, Pa., VI, 12 to 15, 1914. (Hebard; trapped, molasses jar in Wis- sahickon forested ravine), i &, [Hebard Cln.]. MORGAN HEBARD 113 Whitemarsh, Pa., VI, 15 to VII, 11, 1914, (Hebard; trapped, molasses jars on ridge with heavy oak, chestnut and maple forest), 27 cf , 383 9 , i ootheca, [Hebard Cln.]. Valley Forge, Pa., VII, 2, 1915, (Hebard; in decayed log), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Ridley Township, Delaware County, Pa., VI, 4, 1897, i cf , [A. N. S. P.]. Dauphin, Pa., VII, 4. i 9 , [Pa. State Dept. Zool. Cln.]. Delaware, 3 cT, [A. N. S. P.]. Chestertown, Maryland, VIII, 19, 1899, (E. G. Vanatta), i 9, [A. X. S. P.]. Forest Glen, Md., VI, 21, 1914, (Mrs. Heidemann), i o^ [U. S. X. M.]. Silver Springs, Md., I c?, [U. S. N. M.j. Plummer's Island, Md., V, 24 to VIII, 27, 1906 to 1914, (Shannon, Barber, Hood, Fisher), 6 cf, 12 9,"^ [U. S. N. M.]. High Island, Md., VII, i, (A. N. Caudell), i d^, [U. S. X. M.j. Washington, District of Columbia, VI, 1910, (\V. T. Davis), 61 cT, 122 9, i juv. & and I juv. 9, [Davis Cln.]; VI, 19, (F. Knab), i 9 , [U. S. N. M.j; VII, 12, 1912, (A. X. Caudell), i d", [U. S. X. M.]. Alexandria County, Virginia, VI, 1914, (\V. T. Davis), i a^, i 9,1 juv. c~, i juv. 9 , [Davis Cln.]. Arlington, Va., VII, 9, 1914, (Hebard; at night in forest), i a", [Hebard Cln.]. Fairfax County, Va., VI, 22, 1914, (\V. T. Davis), i 9, [Davis Cln.]. Falls Church, Va., VI, 26, (P. B. Rohwer), i d" ; X, 6, i 9, [both U. S. X. M.j. Chain Bridge, Va., VI, 9, 1905, (A. X. Caudell), i 9, [Univ. of Kansas Cln.]. Fredericksburg, Va., VII, 20, 1913, (Rehn and Hebard; under damp leaves on edge of forest), 3 9 , [Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. Tappahannock, Va., VI, 8 and 17, 1915 and 1916, (H. Fox), 4 d^, [Fox and Heb- bard Clns.]. Charlottesville, Va., VI, 5 and 15, 1914, (H. Fox), 2 cf , [Fox Cln.]. Deer Lick Mountain, Bath County, Va., 2800 feet, VII, 10, 1916, (Hebard; under bark of decayed chestnut log), i ootheca, [Hebard Cln.]. Collison Ridge, Bath County, Va., 2800 feet, VII, 8 to 14, 1916, (Hebard; trapped, molasses jar), 5 9 ; 3000 feet, VII, 14, 191 6, (Hebard; in decaying chestnut log with Cryptocercus piinctulatus), i 9, [all Hebard Cln.]. Raleigh, Xorth Carolina, VI, i to 13, 1904, (C. S. Brimley; attracted to light and under bark), 7 cf , [Hebard Cln.]. Black Mountains, X. C, \', 20 to VII, 15, 1912, (\V. Beutenmuller). 10 d", [Cor- nell Univ. Cln.]. Sulphur Springs, Buncombe County, X. C, V, 8 to VI, 13, 1904 to 1906, (Hebard; males attracted to light, female in dead leaves in forest), 68 cf , i 9 . [Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. Rabun County, Georgia, VII, 1910, (W. T. Davis), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. '"'One of these males, taken by Barber, was captured while fluttering about one of these females. ' Females were taken on both dates given above; it would appear that this sex outliv-es the males by a considerable period, a feature also indicated by the dates of material of other species of the genus here studied. MEM. AM. EXT. SOC, 2. 114 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Clayton, Ga., 2000 to 3700 feet, VI and VII, 1909 and 1910, (\V. T. Davis), 2 cf, I 9 , [Davis Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. St. Simon's Island, Ga., VIII, 30, 19". (Rehn and Hebard; dry leaves under live oaks), i 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Pablo Beach, Florida, VIII, n, 1905, (Rehn and Hebard; under palmetto root), I 9 , [Hebard Cln.] Crawford County, Indiana, VII, 2, 1902, (W. S. Blatchley), 3 9, type and para- types of I. intricata Blatchley, [Blatchley Cln. and U. S. N. M.]. Mossville, Illinois, V, 1889, (F. Blake), i cf , [M. C. Z.]. Nashville, Tennessee, i 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Opelika, Alabama, VIII, 2, 1915. (Hebard; under bark of pine stumps with females of P. virginica and P. divisa), i 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Iowa City, Iowa, IV, 24, 1909 and VI, 12, 1915, (M. P. Somes), 2 cf , [Somes Cln.]. Bloomsboro, la., VII, 1867, i 9, [M. C. Z.]. St. Louis, Missouri, V, 14 to VI, 1904, (W. V. Warner; i at light), 4 d', [U. S. N. M.]. Mountain Grove, Mo., V, 26 to VI, 28, 1914 and 1916, (M. P. Somes; all but 2 c? trapped, molasses jar), 9 c?, n 9, i juv. cT ; VII, 29 to VIII, 14, 1916, (for Somes; trapped, molasses jar), 4 9 , [all Somes Cln.]. Parcoblatta fulvescens (Saussure and Zehntner) (Plate IV, figures 13 to 16). 1893. Ischnoptcra uhlcri Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., i, pi. Ill, fig. 23. (Lapsus pro uhleriana.y* 1893. [Ischnoptera uhleriatia] [variety] fulvescens Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., i, p. 36, pi. Ill, fig- 23. [d". Georgia; Texas, and New Mexico (in part).]!'^ 1893. Temnopteryx texensis Saussure and Zehntner, ibid., p. 52, pi. HI, fig. 31. [ 9 ; New Mexico and Texas.] Failure to associate the sexes of this species resulted in the above synonymy. Saussure and Zehntner further incorrectly supposed the female of P. zebra to represent that sex of typical iihleriana, a species not in the material before them at that time.^^*^ '" Though an evident lapsus calami (as indicated in the same volume by Saussure and Zehntner, in 1900, in their list of plates, p. VII), and as the figures apply to two species, we here fix as type of uhleri the male figured, and the name uhleri accordingly falls in the synonymy under fulvescens, as that same specimen we here designate type oi fulvescens. See next footnote. 1'^ Both the description and the plate give no indication of the exact locality, from which came the male described as uhleriana var. fulvescens. The material treated as " tihleriana'' is listed as from Georgia, Texas and New Mexico. Among these specimens, the described and figured female unquestionably represents P. zebra. '"■'This species has been frequently confused with uhleriana. Since 1910, Rehn and Hebard have, with few exceptions, quoted material of the present species as uhleriana fulvescens. The Arizona records of uhleriana and uhleriana fulvescens all apply to notha. MORGAN HEBARD II5 Males of this species agree witli those of P. iihleriaua in the type of specialization of the median segment, the ridges there found, however, being normally less pronounced in the present insect. The males of these species, which show some general simi- larity, are compared under uhleriana. The sharply rounded ele- vation of the inner surface of the subgenital plate at the base of the dextral style, which occurs in the present insect, is not found in any other species of the genus, but this feature shows occasional individual variation in males from the southeastern United States, and in those before us from Texas is very weakly indicated. The females could only be confused with those of P. virginica and P. lata. Females of the former are smaller^"; of the latter, much larger, more robust, with pronotum more transverse, and truncation of tegmina almost always commencing on the sutural margin distinctly beyond the apex of the anal area. Characters of Male. — (Thomasville, Georgia.) Size medium for the genus, form moderately slender. Interocular space intermediate in width to that between the ocelli and that separating the antennal sockets, wider than is normal in iiJileriana and showing (in the series) less variability than in that species. Ocelli well defined. Area between eyes and ocelli (normally) showing a weak flattening, not as decided as in uhleriana. with a few minute punctae. Maxillary palpi much as in uhleriana, but with third and fifth joints subequal in length, each slightly longer than fourth joint. Pronotum (normally) with greatest width slightly caudad of mesal point, with cephalic angles more broadly rounded than caudal angle, ^"^ oblique sulci of disk weakly defined. Tegmina and wings normal, fully developed; tegmina pro- portionately narrower than in uhleriana: wings (in the series) with one to four incomplete and four to six complete rami of the ulnar vein. Medium segment sup- plied mesad with two weakly arcuate, feebly raised ridges, which are convergent cephalad, with brief cephalic faces each supplied with a heavy tuft of hairs, the surface of the segment is also supplied cephalad of these ridges with minute, scat- tered hairs. Other dorsal segments unspecialized, distal margin of sixth segment as in uhleriana. Supra-anal plate much as in tihleriana, but with surface feebly convex above cerci, declivent distad, the produced distal portion slightly the more declivent, thus showing a feeble, weakly convex, delimiting ridge between the cerci. Cerci slender, with (normally) eleven joints. Genital hook situated sinistrad, a '"" Full comparison is made under virginica. ^'* Rare specimens have these angles similarly rounded, as is normal in uJilcriana. Other individuals occasionally have the oblique sulci of the pronotal disk unusually pronounced, as in that species. MEM. AM. EXT. SOC, 2. Il6 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE chitinous process recurved at decidedly less than a right-angle, moderately elongate, with recurved portion very slender and little wider than at point of recun-ature. Dextrad and immediately adjacent is situated a straight, very slender process, with chitinous apex aciculate and curved weakly dextrad. Subgenital plate with sur- face feebly convex, lateral margins more convex and convergent than in jihleriana, to weak concavities before styles, but with general character and also sinistral style as in that species. Dextral style situated in a socket above the caudal margin of the plate, this socket placed on the caudal surface of a sharply rounded, rather elongate, knob-like projection of the dorsal surface on the plate. i^» Characters of Female. — (Spring Creek, Georgia.) Very similar to uhleriana in size, form and shape of head. Interocular width very slightly greater than that between antennal sockets. Very small ocellar spots present. Pronotum moderately con- vex, without discal sulci, ample, with greatest width near caudal margin, which is truncate, very weakly convex. Tegmina subquadrate, with sutural margins feebly overlapping, truncation at apex of anal vein (normally) showing a weak concavity in the discoidal field, weakly oblique so that the (normally) rather sharply rounded angle at the costal margin is slightly the more produced. i^" Wings much as in virginica. Sixth dorsal abdominal segment with distal margin (normally) concave laterad, convex in broad mesal portion. i^i Supra-anal plate, cerci and subgenital plate much as in uhleriana. Measurements {in millimeters) -, Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of ^ body pronotum pronotum tegmen'^ tegmen Arlington, Virginia. .. . 13.7 3.3 4.7 16.3 4.8 Raleigh, North Caro- lina (3) 16-15-7 3-6-3-7 4-8-4-9 16-17. 5 5-5.3 Southern Pines, North Carolina (9) 16-16. 5 3-3-3-9 4-3-5 15. 2-18. 2 4.9-5.6 Sanford, Florida (6) 12. 5-13. 5 3-3-3-6 4-7-4-8 I4-I5-3 4-7-4-8 Fort Lauderdale, Flor- ida 15-7 4 5-2 16.7 5.7 Cocoanut Grove, Flor- ida 14.5 3-7 4-5 14-3 4-6 Gulfport, Mississippi. . (2) 14-14. 5 3.6-3.6 4.7-4.8 14. 7-15 4-7-4-6 San Antonio, Texas. .. . 15 3.8 5.2 16.4 5 ''■' The variation found in this projection is discussed above. Both supra-anal and subgenital plates also show frequent minor irregularities of outline. IS" Variation occurs to a type in which the caudal margin of the tegmen is broadly and evenly rounded, with angle at costal margin, in consequence, broadly rounded. This condition is rarely found in eastern material, but is the normal type in the Texan females (PI. IV, fig. 16), a few of these, however, showing a feeble emargination in the discoidal field. "*' This production varies frequently in degree and is occasionally rounded sub-trigonal. 1*2 The length of the exposed portion of the tegmen is given for females. MORGAN HEBARD II7 J, Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of C) body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen Victoria, Texas (2) 13. 3-14. 6 3-3-3-9 4-7-5-3 i4-7-i6.2 4-3-5-I Brownsville, Texas. .. . 14 3.6 4.9 14-4 4-6 9 Wading Ri\"er, New York II 3-8 5-3 3-8 3-6 Cardiff, New Jersey .. . (5) I3-5-I4 4-4-6 5-5-<5.i 4 -8-5 -2 3 -8-4 -2 Swainton, New Jersey . (22)10.8-13.1 3 1-3 -8 46-5 3 -1-4 -3 3-3-4 Arlington, Virginia (2) 12. 5-1 2. 8 3.7-3-8 5.1-5 4-2-4-3 3-3-3-6 Raleigh, North Caro- lina (7) 13-4-15 3-8-4-6 5-8-6.6 4-3-4-9 3-7-4-3 Southern Pines, North Carolina (4) I3-5-I5 4.2-4.45.8-6 4-7-4-8 3-8-3-9 Jacksonville, Florida. . . 15.5 4.6 6.3 4.9 4-i Fort Myers, Florida. . . 15.2 4.9 6.4 5-6 4-7 Homestead, Florida. . . 13 4-3 6.2 4.7 4-i Big Pine Key, Florida. . 14.5 4.7 6.5 5 4.3 Warrington, Florida. . . (3) 11-14.5 3-8-4-6 5-3-5-8 3-8-4-7 3-4-4 Gulfport, Mississippi . . 13 4.3 5-7 4-3 3-7 San Antonio, Texas. .. . 14.5 4.7 6.4 4.4 4.2 Brownsville, Texas (4) 13. 5-1 3. 5 4.4-4-5 5-8-6.2 4.8-4.7 4-4. 1 The decided size variation is apparently due rather to local environmental conditions than to true geographic influences. Thus great differences are found between the Reega (which approxi- mates the Swainton material) and Cardiff", Ne\v Jersey, series, from localities in the pine barrens separated by but a few miles; the former locality, however, showing little undergrowth, the latter rich in grasses, blackberry vines, sweet-fern, etc. Some geographic differences are found, however, in the contour of the female tegmina and specialization of the male subgenital plate, these not sufficiently pronounced or constant to warrant racial recognition. Coloration. — d^. (Normal.) General coloration of head, under- parts and limbs ochraceous-buff", ocelli light ochraceous-buft", abdo- men suff'used with russet distad. Pronotum ochraceous-tawny, slightly paler laterad. Tegmina transparent, rather deep ochra- ceous-buff. Cerci hca\ily suff'used with prout's brown, E\-ery gradation is found from the recessive extreme, in which the gen- eral coloration is slightly paler, with abdomen and cerci not dark- ened, to the intensive extreme in which the greater portions of the MEM. .A.M. EXT. SOC. 2. IIo NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE pronotum and limbs are tawny or approaching cinnamon brown, with abdomen more hea\ily suffused and cerci solidly blackish brown. Occasionally paler males, particularly those from Florida, have the cerci very dark. Occasional examples, particularly among the more northern specimens, have the vertex and median portion of the face somewhat darkened; a medio-vertical band, however, is never found as conspicuous there as is normal in iihleriana. 9 . (Maximum recessive.) Head ochraceous-tawny, becom- ing clear and paler laterad, limbs clear, pale, ochraceous-tawmy, ventral surface of abdomen tawny. Pronotum tawny, fading to ■ochraceous-tawny laterad. Tegmina transparent tawny, tinged with cinnamon-rufous, with marginal field paler. Dorsal surface of abdomen cinnamon-rufous, the proximal segments broadly sufTused meso-distad with reddish brown, this increasing caudad, the distal segments and cerci dark reddish brown. Every grada- tion to the maximum intensive condition is found, the majority of specimens, however, being nearly intermediate, with the tawny coloration sligh-tly deeper, becoming more sharply ochraceous laterad; tegmina taw^ny, with marginal field ochraceous-tawny, and abdomen blackish brown, slightly paler meso-ventrad. (Max- imum intensive.) Head ochraceous-tawny, much suffused betw'een ocellar spots and clypeal suture w^ith deep chestnut brown. Pro- notum blackish brown, becoming rather sharply ochraceous-buff laterad. Tegmina translucent blackish brown, with costal area paler and marginal field ochraceous-buff. Limbs tawny. Abdo- men above and below, and cerci, blackish brown. This extreme is very rare, but numerous specimens show different degrees of near approach. It is of interest to note that the pronotum in this sex of the present species apparently is never solidly dark, a fre- quent condition in females of iihleriana. The series from the southeastern United States, the majority taken in the pine woods, show a distinctly more reddish brown general coloration than do the other series. ^^^ The ootheca of this species is very similar to that of virginica, but larger, averaging 3.7 mm. in depth, with vertical divisions slightly less widely spaced. 1^^ This has been noted in other species of Orthoptera. MORGAN HEBARD IIQ Distribution. — The present species is known on the Atlantic Coast from Wading River, Long Island, New York, southward to the Florida Keys, invading the Piedmont southward from FJyke, \'irginia, but occurring in the greatest abundance in the sandy regions of Georgia and Florida. It is the only species of the genus found over the southern portion of i)eninsular Florida. Along the Gulf coast its range is continuous, but limited, as far as the Mississ- ippi valley. In that region we have little data of its occurrence: our scattered records, Dallas County, Iowa; Crawford County, Indiana, and Mena, Arkansas, showing probably a wide distribu- tion. In Texas, its distribution extends from every part of the coast to Zavalla County, its northwestern distribution appear- ing to be limited by the eastern edge of the Edwards plateau. SpccimcusExaniined:^^* 288; 68 males, 197 females and 23 immature indi\-iduals. Wading River, Long Island, New \'ork, VII, 26, 1914, iW. T. Davis; at Deep Pond), I 9, [Davis Cln.]. Lakehurst, New Jersey, V, 31 to VII, 28, 1911 and 1912, (\V. T. Davis), 3 9, [Davis Cln.]. Margate City, X. J., \'III, l to 16, 1914, (Hebard; trapped, molasses jars in heavy barrier beach forest), 5 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Cardiff, N. J., \'II, 28 to VIII, 10, 1914, (Hebard; trapped, molasses jars in typical pine barrens undergrowth), 49,1 juv. o", 2 very small juv., [Hebard Cln.]. Reega, N. J., \'II, 20 to VIII, 20, 1914, (Hebard; trapped, molasses jars in pine barrens with heavy, grassy undergrowth), 35 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Swainton, X. J., VII, 20 to VIII, 21, 1914, (Hebard; trapped, molasses jars on border of pine barrens and on edge of swamp). 22 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Wildwood Junction, X. J., Mil, i to 21, 1914. (Hebard; trapped, molasses jars in heavy deciduous forest), 34 9 , 2 very small juv., [Hebard Cln.]. Dias Creek, X. J., VII, 27 to 31, 1914, (Hebard; trapped, molasses jars in heavy oak woods), 25 9 , i very small juv., [Hebard Cln.]. Seaford, Delaware, VI, (\V. T. Davis), i 9 , [Davis Cln.]. Cabin John Run, Maryland, VI, iqii, (W. T. Davis), i 9, [Davis Cln.]. Washington, District of Columbia, \'I, 1910, (W. T. Davis; trapped, molasses jar), I cf , 2 9. [Davis Cln.]. Chain Bridge, X'irginia, \', 2:-„ 1905, (A. X. Caiidell; bred adult \'I, 3. 1905). I 9 , [U. S. X. M.]. Arlington, \'a., \'II, 9, 1914, (Hebard; at night in forest), i d", 2 9.^" [Hebard Cln.]. '*^ All of the females recorded in 1910 by Rehn and Hebard, in their Revision, as uhleri- ana uhleriana are here correctly referred to fulvescens. '"^ Incorrectly recorded h>- Rehn and Heliard as uhleriana uhleriana and uhleriana fulvescens. MEM. \y\. EXT. SOC, 2. 120 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Falls Church, V'a., VII, i 9, [U. S. N. IM.]. Dyke, Va., VII, 28, 1913, (W. T. Davis), i 9. [Davis Cln.]. Tappahannock, Va., VII, 18, 1916, (H. Fox), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Raleigh, North Carolina, V, 18 to VII, 2, 1904 and 1905, (C. S. Brimley; bred adult VI, 4 to VII, 2, 1904), 3^,7 9 ,i8« [Hebard Cln. and U. S. X. M.]. ' Southern Pines. N. C, VI, 3 to VII, 14, 1915, (A. H. Manee), 9 0^ ; VIII, 4 to 17, 1915. (A. H. Manee), 7 c^, 4 9, i ootheca, [all Hebard Cln.]. Goldsboro, X. C, VII, 25, 1913, (Rehn and Hebard; under debris in dead short- leaf pine needles), 2 9,'" [Hebard Cln.]. Wilmington, X. C, VIII, I, (G. P. Englehardt), i 9 , [Davis Cln.]. Columbia. South Carolina, VII, 28, 1913, (Rehn and Hebard), i 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Denmark, S. C, VIII, 15, 1903, (A. P. Morse), i 9, [Morse Cln.]. Macon. Georgia, VII, 30 and 31, 1913, (Rehn and Hebard; under dead leaves on edge of oak and short-leaf pine woods), 29,1 juv. 9 , [A. N. S. P. and Hebard Cln.]. Brunswick, Ga.. VIII, 30, 191 1, (Hebard; under bark of pine log), i d", [Hebard Cln.]. St. Simon's Island, Ga., VIII, 30, 191 1, (Rehn; among dead leaves under live oaks), I 9, [A. X. S. P.]. Billy's Island, Okeefenokee Swamp, Ga., VII, 191 2, (J. C. Bradley) I 9 [A N S. R]. ' ' • • Honey Island, Okeefenokee Swamp, Ga., VI, 1, 1912, (J. C. Bradley), 3 cf, i 9, 2 juv. cT, I juv. 9, [A. N. S. P. and Hebard Cln.]. Thomasville, Ga., HI, 23 to VII, 28, 1903, (Hebard; for Hebard), 6 c^.iss [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. Spring Creek, Decatur County, Georgia, VI, 7 to 23, 191 1, (J. C. Bradley), i cf , [A. N. S. P.]; VII, 16 to 19, 1912, (J. C. Bradley), i 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Jacksonville, Florida, (T. J. Priddey), 6 cJ^, i 9 , [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. Atlantic Beach, Fla., VIII, 25, 1911, (Rehn and Hebard; under refuse), I d", 5 9 , [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. Pablo Beach, Fla., IX, 5, 1913, (W. T. Davis), i 9, [Davis Cln.]. Live Oak, Fla., VIII, 10, 1903, (A. P. Morse), i 9, [Morse Cln.]. Warrington, Fla., VIII, 4, 1903, (A. P. Morse), i d^, 3 9, [Morse Cln.]. St. Augustine, Fla., (C. W. Johnson), i 9 , [A. N. S. P.]. Ormond, Fla., IV, 10, 1899, (W. S. Blatchlev), i 9, ""Hebard Cln.]- i d \M C. Z.]. ■ . . I • Fort Reed, Fla., II to V, (J. H. Comstock), 2 d,''<> [Cornell Univ. Cln. and M. C. Z.]. '»« Not only was material from this locality recorded incorrectly by Rehn and Hebard as uhleriana uhkriana and uhlerianafulvescens, but also male specimens of faz^d^/// from there were listed under those supposed geographic races. '" Incorrectly recorded by Rehn and Hebard as /. borealis ( = P. virginica). '88 Incorrectly recorded by Rehn and Hebard in 1905 as uhleriana. '83 Incorrectly recorded by Blatchley as /. imicolor { = P. uhleriana). '»" Incorrectly recorded by Scudder as /. unicolor ( = P. uhleriana). MORGAN HEBARD 121 Sanford, Fla., (S. B. Fraser), 6 o^, [M. C. Z.]. Eustis, Fla., VII, 19, (H. G. Hubbard), i o\ [U. S. X. M.]. Fort Lauderdale, Fla., III. i, 1916, (Hebard; under sign on Piniis caraihea), i d", [Hebard Cln.]. Miami, Fla., IX, ^4, 1913, (W. T. Davis), i 9, [Davis Cln.]. Cocoanut Grove, Fla., IX, 14, 1913, (W. T. Davis), I o', [Davis Cln.]. Homestead, Fla., \'II, 10 to 12, 1912, (Rehn and Hebard: males in spider webs of railway station), 2 cT, I 9 . [Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. Big Pine Key, Fla., IX, 19 and 20, 1913, (\V. T. Davis), i o^, i 9 . [Davis Cln.]. Sugarloaf Key, Fla., Ill, 1898, (O. F. Cook), i juv. 9. [U. S. X. M.]. Sarasota, Fla., II, 21, 1911, (\V. S. Blatchley). i 9. [Blatchley, Cln.]: Ill, 2, 1911, I ju.v. d", [Cornell Univ. Cln.]. Lakeland, Fla., V, 8, 1912. (W. T. Davis), i 9 . [A. X. S. P.]: XI, 10, 191 1, (W. T. Davis), 3 juv. cf, 2 small juv. c? . i small juv. 9 ; \', 4 and 8, 191 1, (W. T. Davis), 2 9 , [both in Davis, A. X. S. P. and Hebard Clns.]. Punta Gorda, Fla., XI, 13, 191 1, (\V. T. Davis), I juv. cf , [Hebard Cln.]. Useppa Island, Charlotte Harbor, Fla., \\ 17 to 19, 1915- (Hebard), I small juv., [Hebard Cln.]. Fort Myers, Fla., Ill, 30, 191 1. (W. T. Davis), i 9 ^^^ [Davis Cln.]. Wiggins, Mississippi, I\', 18, (F. M. Jones), i d" , [A. X. S. P.]. Ocean Springs, Miss., VI, 1905, (J. H. Comstock), i juv. o , [Cornell Univ. Cln.]. Gulfport, Miss., \'II, 18, 1905, (A. P. Morse), 2 c\ i 9, [Morse Cln.]. Dallas County. Iowa. VIII, (J. A. Allen), i 9, [M. C. Z.]. Mountain Groxe, Missouri, \'II, 21, 1916, (for Somes; trapped, molasses jar), 3 9 , [Somes Cln.]. Mena, Arkansas, \'II, 30, 1905, (A. P. Morse), i 9. [Morse Cln.]. Paris, Texas, IV. 7, 1904, (at light), i d, [U. S. X. M.]. Dallas, Tex., VI. 7, 1907, (\V. D. Hunter), i juv. c^, [U. S. X. M.]. Tyler. Tex., VI, 27. 1906, (F. C. Bishopp), i 9, [U. S. X. M.]. Waco, Tex., (Belfrage), i c^ [U. S. X. M.]. Round Mountain. Tex., (F. G. Schaupp), i (f , [A. X. S. P.]. Shovel Mountain, Burnet County. Tex., \'II, 7 and 10, 1901, (F. G. Schaupp), 2 d^, [A. X. S. P.]. Rosenberg, Tex., \'II, 2^, 1912, (Hebard; night at light), I cT. [Hebard Cln.]. Victoria, Tex., VI, (A. X. Caudell), 2 o\i^2 [u. S. X. M.]. San Antonio, Tex., \'III, 15 and 16, 1912, (Rehn and Hebard: dead leaves under oaks), I d^, I 9 with ootheca, [Hebard Cln.]. Live Oak County, Tex.. IV, 29, 1906, (J. D. Mitchell), i 9 . [U. S. X. M.]. Xueces River in Zavalla County, Tex., I\', 27, 1910, (Hunter and Pratt), I 9, [U. S. X. M.]. Brownsville, Tex., I\', 30. 1904, (H. S. Barber), i 9 ."^ with ootheca, [U. S. X. M.]; ^'' Recorded by Rehn and Hebard incorrectly as /. couloniana (meaning P. lata). 1'- Incorrectly recorded by Caudell as uhleriana. ''■■' Incorrectly recorded by Caudell as uhleriana. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 122 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE VII, 31 to \'III, 5, 1912, (Hebard; on ground under rats' nests, Neotoma sp.), 3 9 , with I ootheca, [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. San Tomas, near Brownsville, Tex., IV, 26, (C. Schaeffer), i 9 ,"^ [Bkhn. Inst.]; V, 30, 1904, (H. S. Barber), i o^, i juv. 9, [U. S. N. M.]. Parcoblatta caiidelli new species (Plate V, figures i to 5.) 1910. Ischnoptcra iihlcriuna Jiilvcscens Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1910, p. 439. (In part.i^^) [3 c^, Raleigh, North Carolina.] 1910. Isclnioptcru iiisolita Rehn and Hebard, ibid., p. 450. (Females only.^^*) [i 9, Tryon, North Carolina; i 9, Crawford County, Indiana.] 1916. Ischnoptera insolita Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1916, p. iiS. (Female sex described as that species.) [i 9, Spartanburg, South Carolina.] Insufficient material resulted in the failure to recognize males of the present insect as widely distinct from fulvesceus and the unfortunate description of the sexes of distinct species as insolita, the males of which represent desertae, the females the present species. This insect is distinctive among the uniform pale species of the genus in having the females supplied with fully developed tegmina and wings, which, though not as ample as in the males, reach be- yond the apex of the abdomen. The males, among the uniform pale species, agree with P. lata and P. notha in the type of specialization of the median and first dorsal abdominal segments; the elevations there found are slightly less pronounced than in lata, decidedly less pronounced than in notha. The size is decidedly smaller than in either of those species, the form distinctly narrower than in lata and broader than in notha, with supra-anal plate of very different form from that found in the latter species. The general character of the supra-anal and subgenital plates is much as in /(//(/, but the styles are decidedly longer, in this respect agreeing more nearly with P. uhleriana; the styles are not as elongate as in notha. In general appearance nearest similarity is found in P. Jidvcsccus. '^•' Reconied, with a (lucstion, incorrcclly liy Caudeil as coulouiana. ^'^■' These specimens appeared to those authors to represent the intermediate condition between the supposed races tthlenana uhleriana and nhle- iana Julvescens. At that time, the specialization of the dorsal surface of the male abdomen had never been considered. '^'■"' The male descriljcd as /. insolita has l)een selected as single type and, in consequence, the name insoliUi falls in the svnonvmv uikUt /'. (Icsctiic. MORGAN HEBARD I 23 Type. — d" ; Raleigh, North Carolina. June i8. 1904. (C. S. Brimley.) [Hebard Collection, Type Xo. 425.] Description of Type. — Size medium fcir the genus, form moderately slender. The cephalic and pronotal features agree throughout with Julvescens. Head rather e\enly rounded, with ocelli well defined, but margin of ocellar areas rounding rather weakly into the inter-ocular-ocellar area, which is feebly flattened, weakly convex, showing a few microscopic punctae. Interocular space intermediate in width to that separating the ocelli and that between the antennal sockets. Pronotum Avith greatest width slighth- caudad of mesal point, with cephalic angles more broadly rounded than caudal angles and oblique sulci of disk weakly defined. Teg- mina and wings normal. fulK' developed; tegmina, as m fiilvescens. with greatest width very slightly greater than that of pronotum. Median segment supplied mesad with two small and weak elevations, with cephalic faces of each furnished with a heavy tuft of hairs, the surface of the segment is also supplied cephalad of these with a few minute, scattered hairs. First dorsal abdominal segment simi- larly specialized in every wa\-, except that the minute scattered hairs are less numer- ous. Sixth dorsal abdominal segment with distal margin transverse, showing very broad and feeble concavit}- laterad and similar convexity mesad. Supra-ana! plate with lateral margins nearly straight, convergent to bluntly rounded apex, surface of plate feebly convex abo\-e cerci, in remaining portion weakly concave and decli- \-ent distad. Cerci slender and elongate. (.lenital hook concealed, adjacent proc- ess as found \n fiilvescens. Subgenital plate weakly convex to immediate bases of styles, where it is weakly concave, lateral margins nearly straight and weakly con- vergent to styles, but the sinistral margin showing a feeble concavity distad. distal margin between the styles nearly straight, transverse; styles small, simple, cylindri- cal processes, situated in sockets on \entral surface of plate at disto-lateral angles, in length each slightly less than the space inter\-ening between their bases. Ex- posed folded ventral portion of seventh dorsal abdominal segment in length equal to exposed portion of ninth \X'ntral aljdominal segment. The series of males before us shows the following variation. Size individually variable but with some geographic significance. Interocular space occasionally no wider than width between ocelli. Pronotum with discal sulci sometimes subobso- lete. Wings with two to four incomplete and four to five complete rami of the ulnar vein. Sui^ra-anal jilate with apex varying from rather shar])l\- to rather broadK' rounded and with concave surface rareh' showing a feel:)le. transverse, weaklv arcuate ridge, a feature normalK' rather i)rominent in fiilvescens. Sub- genital plate with distal couraxit)- of sinistral margin occasionalK- more i:)ronounced. Allotype. — 9 ; Spartanburg, South Carolina. August 6, 1913. (M. Hebard.) [Hebard Collection.] Description of Allotype. — Size smaller than male. Head more evenh' rounded, but with ocellar areas still i)resent, though weakly defined, and ocelli approaching a condition of large ocellar spots. Interocular space broader than in male, nearh- as wide as width between the more wideK- spaced antennal sockets. Pronotinn jiro- MEM. AM. ENT. SOC. 2. 124 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE portionately longer than in male, but with discal sulci similarly weakly defined. Tegmina and wings as in male, but less elongate; extending, however, beyond the apex of the abdomen. Supra-anal plate about half as long as broad, trigonal, with lateral margins concave-convergent and apex rather sharply rounded. Cerci simi- lar to those of male but proportionately shorter. Subgenital plate convex, weakly produced, with distal margin broadly convex. The female before us from Natchez, Mississippi, differs only in having the pro- notum shorter and the concavity of the lateral margins of the subgenital plate weaker. Measurements {in milUnicters) 7I Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen Washington, District of Columbia (3)14.3-14.7 3-3-3-4 4-6-4-7 15. 7-15-9 4-9-5 Falls Church, Virginia . 12.5 2.9 4.1 13.4 4.3 Tappahannock. Virginia {6 para types) 13. 4-14. 6 3-2-3-4 4-3-4-7 I3-8-I5-4 4-5-4-8 Raleigh, North Caro- Vmajype 15.2 3.3 4.6 15.2 4.7 Raleigh, North Carolina {2 paratypes) 14. 2-15. 4 3-3-3-4 4-5-4-7 i5-3-i6 4-9-5-2 Southern Pines, North Carolina 16 3.4 4.6 15. i 4.7 Rich Mountain, Arkan- sas 12.9 3.4 4.6 14.8 4.7 Dallas, Te.xas 13.7 3.4 4.4 13.3 4.3 Waco, Texas (6)12.2-13.1 3-1-3-3 3-9-4-4 ii.S-i3-8 3-9-4-2 o Spartanburg, South Ca- rolina, allotype 12.2 3.6 4.1 11.8 3.9 Crawford County, In- diana 12.3 3.2 4.1 II. 5 4 Natchez, Mississippi.. . 10.7 3.2 4.1 11. 4 3.8 Though individual size variation is evident, it appears that, in the drier portions of the species' distribution in Texas, an average reduction in size occurs. Coloration. — d^ . {Type. Normal.) Head light ochraceous-buff ; the occiput to between the ventral margins of the ocelli suffused with ochraceous-tawny ; a narrow, transverse suffusion of the same color mesad on the face and separated from the marking described by a very narrow line of light ochraceous-buff, which unites the light ochraceous-buff ocelli. IJmbs light ochraceous-buff, the MORGAN HEBARD I 25 abdomen of the same color, suffused with prout's brown. Pro- notum with disk ochraceous-tawny, the lateral margins trans- parent, light ochraceous-buff. Tegmina transparent buckthorn brown, the marginal fields transparent, light ochraceous-buff. Wings hyaline, very weakly tinted with ochraceous-buff, area of costal veins suffused with ochraceous-buff. Dorsal surface of abdomen and cerci weak ochraceous-tawny. Frequently the suffused cephalic markings are obscure or absent, but in occa- sional specimens of more intensive coloration these markings, as described, are strongly defined in tawny. In such specimens the cerci are, very rarely, dark brown. In the maximum of recessive coloration the darker markings of the insect are all less decided, the pronotum ochraceous-buff, with disk feebly washed with orange brown. 9 . (All before us.) Almost solidly ochraceous-tawny, the lateral margins of pronotum, marginal fields of tegmina and the limbs paler, the ocelli light ochraceous-buff. We take great pleasure in dedicating this interesting species to our good friend, Mr. A. X. Caudell, custodian of Orthoptera in the U. S. National Museum. Specimens Examined: 30; 26 males and 4 females. Washington, District of Columbia, VI, 18, 1912, (A. X. Caudell), i c^, [U. S. X. M.]: VI, 26, 191 1, (W. T. Davis), 2 ^, [Davis Cln.]. Falls Church. X'irginia, I. 7, 1914, (A. X. Caudell; bred adult \', 4, 1914), i a", [U. S. X. M.] Charlottesville, Va., \'I, 15, 1914, (H. Fox), 2 d", [Hebard Cln.]. Tappahannock, Va., \'I, 9 to 17, 1915, (H. Fox; I at night on shrubbery), 6 d", paratypes, [Hebard and Fox Clns.]. Raleigh, Xorth Carolina, \'I. 16 to \'II, i, 1904, (C. S. Brimley; attracted to light), 3 d",^" tvpt' and paratypcs, [Hebard Cln.]. Southern Pines, X. C, \'II. 14. 1915, (A. H. Manee). i ^. paratype, [Hebard Cln.]. Tryon, X. C, (W. F. Fiske), i 9, [U. S. X. M.]. Spartanburg, South Carolina, \'III, 6, 1913, (Hebard; under sign on tree), I 9 .^'^ allotype. [Hebard Cln.]. Crawford County, Indiana. \'I, 30, 1902, (\V. S. Blatchley), I 9, allotype of /. insolita Rehn and Hebard, [Blatchley Cln.]. Rich Mountain, Arkansas, \'II, 2, 1905, (A. P. Morse), I o". [Morse Cln.]. '"See footnote 195. These specimens were similarly misidentified. 198 Seg reference. Previously determined as /. insolita by Rehn and Hebard. MEM. .\M. ENT. SOC, 2. 126 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Natchez, Mississippi, VI, 7, 1909, (E. S. Tucker), i 9 , [U. S. X. M.]. Dallas, Texas, \TI, 7, (J. Boll), i o^, [AI. C. Z.]; \T, 16, (J. Boll), i cf, [U. S. N. M.]. Waco, Tex., VII, 9 to 22, (Belfrage), 7 d^, [M. C. Z. and U. S. X. M.]. Parcoblatta lata (Brunner) (Plate V, figures 6 to 10; plate \T, figure i.) 1865. I[schnoptera] lata Brunner, Xouv. S>'st. Blatt., p. 135. (Exclusive of syn- onymy.) [cf, Xorth America ? i^^] 1869. Ischnoptera hyalina Scudder, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. ii, p. 307. [cf, Dela- • ware.] 1893. Tenmopteryx major Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., i, p. 54. [ 9 , Tennessee.] 1905. Ischnoptera inaeqitalis Rehn and Hebard, (not of Saussure, 1862), Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila., 1904, p. 779. (In part.) [o^, Thomasville, Georgia.] 1905. Ischnoptera major Rehn and Hebard, ibid., p. 780. [Juv. ; Thomasville, Tyty Plantation and Ocklockonee River, Georgia.] 1910. Ischnoptera coiiloniana Rehn and Hebard, (not of Saussure. 1862), Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila., 1910, p. 433. (Excepting references for I. coiiloniana by Saussure and Saussure and Zehntner.) [Twenty records from Delaware to Texas.] Scudcler, evidently misled by Brtmner's-"'^ incorrect and ques- tioned synonymy under lata of Blatta elongata Beauvois and Ischnoptera uortoniana Saussure, described the male of the present species as /. hyalina, the type of which is before us. Failure to associate the sexes resulted in Saussure and Zehntner's synonym, Tenmopteryx major. The problem of properly associating these names has been ex- tremely difficult. Rehn and Hebard, in 1910, \vorked out the above synonymy in full, but unfortunately considered that I- coiiloniana Saussure, represented the present species.-*'^ Careful comparison of the figure of that species, the measurements and description, with the much larger series of the genus now available, ^^^ Brunner's description fits material before us in every detail, and we feel little doubt as to the correctness of his locality. His clearly incorrect synonymy has resulted in the failure of subsequent authors to place properly this name. -""The synonymy indicated by Brunner, in his " Nouveau Systeme des Blattaires," was clearly made in haste, and in the majority of cases without careful stud\- of the data at hand or examination of material involved. The valueless character of such synonymic effort is illustrated by his placing I. coiiloniana Saussure under /. pensylvanica on page 136, and under /. lata on page 413. -"' But two records by Rehn and Hebard as coiiloniana do not represent the present species. The specimen from Anglesea, New Jersey, recorded in 1916, is a male showing the maximum recessive coloration of divisa; the female from Fort Myers, Florida, rc- ccrfk'd in 19 14, is an exceinionally large cxainj le n{ fidvescens. MORGAN HEBARD 1 27 leaves no room for doubt that coidoniana must be placed in the synonymy under the older P. peiisylvanica (De Geer). Normal representati\-es of l)oth sexes of the present species agree in many ways with P. fiilvescens, but are very much larger. In the male, however, the specialization of the proximal dorsal abdominal segments is of the type found in P. caudelli, the pro- jections being more pronounced in lata. In the female the teg- mina are normally roundly truncate distinctly beyond the apex of the anal field, a condition ne\'er found in females oi fulvescejis. This is the largest and most robust of the normally pale species of the genus. The maximum intensive coloration, found in males from the Mississippi xalley region, gives such specimens a decided similarity to that sex of P. pensylvanica; however, these are easily separated by the very different specialization of the proximal ab- dominal segments, outline of sixth dorsal abdominal segment and of supra-anal plate, and the less elongate and broader tegmlna and wings. Characters of Male. — (Raleigh, North Carolina.) Size large, form robust. Head rather evenly rounded for this sex, ocelli well-defined, margins of ocellar areas round- ing weakly into inter-ocular-ocellar area, which area is feebly flattened. Pronotum am|)le, with greatest width (normally) mesad,202 but with lateral margins from this point slightly more convergent cephalad than caudad, oblique sulci of disk weakly defined. Tegmina and wings fully developed, normal; tegmina moderately broad, but with point of greatest width meso-proximad; wings (in the series) with two to four incomplete and five to seven complete rami of the ulnar vein. Median seg- ment supplied mesad with two small and weak ridges, convergent cephalad, with cephalic faces of each supplied with a heavy tuft of hairs, surface of segment well supplied cephalad of these ridges with minute, but rather stout, scattered hairs. First dorsal abdominal segment similarly specialized in every way, except that the ridges are slightly more pronounced and the scattered hairs cephalad are fewer. Sixth dorsal abdominal segment with distal margin nearly straight, transverse; seventh with distal margin weakly angulate-emarginate mesad, with sides of emar- gination convex; eighth with distal margin showing (normally) a similar, but very slight, emargination. Supra-anal plate with lateral margins convergent and weakh- con\ex from cerci to broadly rounded apex, 203 surface very briefly convex abo\e cerci, feebly and unevenly concave in entire remaining portion, which is strongly 202 Frequent specimens in the series show this slightly caudad of the mesal point. The margins of the pronotum also often show slight differences in the degree of curvature. -"•■' Frequent variation occurs in the form of this plate; often slight irregularities of the margins are found, while the apex varies from broadly blunt (though never as blunt as in pensylvanica) to rather sharjily rounded. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 128 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE declivent distad. Cerci elongate and slender, with lateral margins moderately crenate distad. Subgenital plate weakly convex, except at immediate base of sinistral style and more extensively at base of dextral style, where it is weakly con- cave; free margin roughly convex except before base of sinistral style, where a brief emargination (normally) occurs.^o* Styles small, simple and cylindrical, situated disto-laterad in sockets on the ventral surface of the plate at the free margin, each slightly shorter than half the distance between their bases. Exposed folded ventral portion of seventh dorsal abdominal segment in length equal to exposed portion of ninth ventral abdominal segment. Characters of Female. — (Raleigh, North Carolina.) Size very large, form very robust. Head larger and more evenly rounded than in male, with interocular space slightly less than that between antennal sockets, large ocellar spots present. Pro- notum very much larger than in male, with greatest width at point near caudal margin and discal sulci obsolete. Tegmina represented by broad, quadrato-ovate pads; veins distinct; sutural margins overlapping; distal margin broadly rounded, with its mesal portion (normally) transyerse.^os the truncation commencing dis- tinctly beyond the apex of the anal field. ^oe Wings represented by decidedly atro- phied pads, with apices acute, fields and veins subobsolete. Sixth dorsal abdominal segment with distal margin briefly concave laterad, broadly and distinctly convex mesad. Supra-anal plate nearly half as long as wide, lateral margins convergent and feebly concave to rather bluntly rounded apex. Subgenital plate strongly convex, with free margin showing a weak concavity proximo-laterad before bases of cerci, thence feebly convex throughout, but with mesal portion showing a broad flattening of this convexity. cf Measurements (in millimeters) Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of body pronotum pronotum tegmen^"' tegmen Delaware — 4-8 6.1 21.8 6.4 Plum Point, Maryland 17.5 4.6 5.7 18.9 5.7 Raleigh, North Caro- lina (11)20-21.5 4-8-52 5-9-6.4 19-4-22.1 6-6.8 Jacksonville, Florida. . 19.5 4.5 5-8 i9-7 5-9 Crawford County, In- diana 20.5 4.6 5.7 21.8 6.7 214 This concavity is occasionally subobsolete; rarely it is broader and more extensive, extending over half the sinistral margin. -»5 In some series this margin is evenly and broadly convex, \-ery rarel>- a faint concavity Is indicated on the margin of the discoidal field. 2'"5 Rare specimens havethis truncation commencing immediately at the ajiex of the anal field. In such specimens the usually much greater size serves to separate them from females oifulvescens, to which of the other species they alone bear a general resemblance. It is important to note that fulvescens attains its greatest size development in southern peninsular Florida, in which region lata apparently does not occur. 2»' The length of the exposed portion of the tegmen is given for females. MORGAN HE BARD 129 ■7[ Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of '-' body pronotuin pronotiim tegmen tegmen Evergreen, Alabama. 18.2 4.1 5.4 17.8 5.2 St. Louis, Missouri. . . (4) 18. 5-19 4.7-4.9 6.1-6.7 20.7-21.4 6.2-6.4 Natchez, Mississippi. . (2) 18-20 4.2-4.8 6-6.7 18. 4-2 1.7 5.8-6.8 Tallulah, Louisiana. . . 18.5 4.8 6.4 18.7 6.3 Baton Rouge, Louis- iana 19.2 4.8 6.6 19.9 6.3 9 Plum Point, Maryland (2) 19.5-20 5.4-5.8 7.4-7.7 7.1-7.4 5.4-5.2 Raleigh, North Caro- lina (20)18.5-22 5.4-6.2 7.1-8.2 6.3-8 4.7-5.7 Ortega, Florida (2) 18-18. 5 4.8-5.2 6.8-7.3 6-6.7 4-7~5 Crawford County, In- diana (4) 17-18 4-9-5-4 7- 1-7-8 5-9-^J-7 4-8-5-3 Evergreen, Alabama. . (11)15.7-18.5 5-5.8 6.7-7.8 6-6.9 4-8-5.6 St. Louis, Missouri .. . (3) 18-19 .5-7~5-8 7.8-8.2 6.7-6.9 5.1-4.9 Natchez, Mississippi. . 18.8 5.9 7.8 6.8 5.2 Beaumont, Texas. .. . (2) 17. 5-1 8. 5 5.7-6.1 7.6-8.1 7.3-6.4 5 ■3-5-1 A certain amount of geographic variation is found in this species, both in size and in coloration,-"'* but very decided indivichia! varia- tion in both these features also occurs. Coloration. — cf. (Recessive.) (Normal in eastern material; 4 cf, St. Louis, Missouri; i cf, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.) Head with occiput tawny, shading to chestnut brown between the eyes and fading to tawny below the ocelli ; genae and clypeus ochraceous- buff. Ventral surface of body laterad chestnut brown, shading to hazel mesad on alxlomen. Limbs ochraceous-ljuft". Pronotum with disk clear ochraceous-tawny, with margin narrowly ochraceous-buff cephalad, more broadly laterad, the caudal por- tions of the lateral margins transparent. Tegmina transparent, weak ochraceous-tawny. Wings hyaline, very feebly tinged with ochraceous-buff, area of costal veins washed with ochraceous-tawny. Dorsal surface of abdomen ochraceous-tawny, becoming chestnut brown distad. Cerci chestnut brown. \\\ the maximum recessive condition the chestnut brown is everywhere dilute and less exten- sive. (Weak intensive.) (i cf, Evergreen, Alabama; i cf , Alari- anna, l-lorida.) Head, from between eyes to clypeus, chestnut 2°* Specimens from the CaroHnas, from the Piedmont to the coast, average ver>' large. Males appear to show frequent different degrees of intensive coloration in the Mississippi Valley region. MEM. .AM. EXT. SOC, 2. 130 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE brown, as is the entire ventral surface of the insect, including the lateral portions of the coxae. Limbs ochraceous-tawny. Pro- notum with disk zinc orange mesad, shading to tawny cephalad and to chestnut brown laterad and caudad, cephaHc and lateral margins light ochraceous-buff. Tegmina and wings slightly darker than in recessive condition. (Maximum intensive.) (2 cf , Nat- chez, Mississippi.) (PI. V, Fig. 6.) Head with genae and ocelli light ochraceous-buff, remaining portions chestnut brown, as is the ventral surface of the insect, becoming blackish distad on the abdomen. Limbs cinnamon brown. Pronotum with disk solid, deep chestnut brown; margins narrowly cephalad, more broadly laterad, light ochraceous-buff. Tegmina translucent cinnamon brown. Wings hyaline, tinged with cinnamon brown, heavily suffused with this color in area of costal veins and, to a less degree, in distal portion of anterior field. Abdomen with dorsal surface chestnut brown, becoming blackish distad; cerci blackish brown. 9 . (Recessive.) (Normal in eastern material, rare west of ^Appalachian Mountains.) Head with occiput kaiser brown, deep- ening below to carob brown, genae ochraceous-tawny, ocellar spots cream color. Limbs ochraceous-buff, strongly tinged with tawny from femora distad. Ventral surface of abdomen blackish brown, shading to carob brown mesad. Pronotum kaiser brown, some- times, to different degrees, shading to ochraceous-buff laterad, particularly latero-caudad. Tegmina translucent kaiser brown, with marginal field ochraceous-buff. Dorsal surface of abdomen blackish brown, proximad the segments, in increasing degree, are deep hays russet in broad proximo-mesal portion. In the maxi- mum intensive condition the insect is entirely shining blackish brown, except the marginal fields of the tegmina which are trans- lucent ochraceous-buff, suffused with carob brown. Even the ocellar spots are blackish brown and scarcely discernible. In speci- mens of decided intensive coloration the margins of the pronotum laterad arc not unfrecjuently ochraceous-buff, the extent of this coloring being individually variai)le. Immature individuals of lata and fulvescens might easily be con- fused in the earlier stages, in the i)resent species the head is nor- mally decidedly darkened. In lata, half grown specimens are MORGAN HEBARD I3I already nearly as large and appreciably broader than normal adults of fnlvescois. Immature examples of P. pen sylvanica , which are unusually pale in general coloration, are easily confused in early, as well as late, stages with those of the present species. The ootheca is carried with suture laterad. It is similar to that oifulvescens, except that the microscopic granulations of its surface are somewhat heavier and toward the suture are arranged in irregu- lar longitudinal rows. The ootheca differs from that o( fulvescens also in being often \'ery long (9.7 mm.; Beaumont, Texas), its normal depth 3.9 mm. The distribution of the present species extends on the Atlantic coast from Delaware'-'^'-* and Glendale, Maryland, to Gulf Hammock, Florida, no material having been secured in Florida south of this point. -'° Westward its distribution is known to extend as far as Beaumont, Texas; thence northward to Jacksonville, Texas; St. Louis, Missouri and Wyandotte, Indiana. Specimens Examined : 190; 45 males, 95 females and 50 immature individuals. Delaware, l cT, type of /. hyalinn Scudder, [Amer. Ent. Soc, in A. N. S. P.l. Laurel, Maryland, VII, 15, 1883, 2 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Chestertown, Md., VIII, 5, 1901, (E. G. Vanatta). 2 9, [A. N. S. P.]. Plum Point, Md., VI, 21, 1914, (J. D. Hood), i cf , 2 9, [U. S. N. M.]. Lloyds. Dorchester County, Md., VII, 10, 1907, (H. S. Barber), i 9 . [U. S. X. M.]. Washington, District of Columbia, I\', 1904, (A. N. Caudell), 2 ju\-. cf; I cf, [U. S. N. M.]. Falls Church, Virginia, (X. Banks), i c?' ; \, 6, 1903, i juv. cf , i ju\-. 9 ; VI, 23, I 9, [allU. S. X. M.]. Ocean View, Va., VIII, 9, 1904, (A. X. Caudell), i 9 , [U. S. N. M.j. Raleigh, Xorth Carolina, III, 7, 1905, (S. W. Foster), i juv. d", [Cornell L^niv. Cln.]; \'I, 7 to MI, 8, 1904, (C. S. Brimley: bred, VI, 11 to 21; under bark of pine logs), 11 d^, 20 9 , [Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. Goldsboro, X. C, VII, 25, 1913, (Rehn and Hebard; under bark of short-leaf pine stump), i 9 , [A. X. S. P.]. Southern Pines, X. C, VI, 2 toX'III, 17, 1915, (A. II. Manee), 5 cf , 10 9, [Heb- ard Cln.]. Wilmington, X. C, VIII, i, (G. P. Englehardt), i 9, [Davis Cln.]. Winter Park, X. C, IX, 7, 1911, (Rehn and Hebard), i small juv., [Hebard Cln.]. Lake Waccamaw, X. C IX, 8. 191 1, (Rehn and Hebard; in sweet gum logs and stumps), 4 juv. o^. 3 juv. 9 . 2 small juv., [Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. ^"^ See footnote 201. -'" See footnote 201. MEM. .\M. EXT. SOC, 2. 132 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Nance, N. C, VI, 12 and 16, 1906, (S. W. Foster), 2 d", [Cornell Univ. Cln.]. Charlotte, N. C, VII, 27, 1913, (Rehn and Hebard; under sign on red oak), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Tryon, N. C, V, 20, (W. F. Fiske), i o^, [U. S. N. M.]. Sulphur Springs, N. C, VI, 5, 1904, (Hebard), 2 d", i juv. d", [Hebard Cln.]. Florence, South Carolina, IX, 6, 191 1, (Rehn and Hebard; under bark of short- leaf pine log), I juv. cf , [Hebard Cln.]. Columbia, S. C, VII. 28, 1913, (Rehn and Hebard), i 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Spartanburg, S. C, VIII, 6, 1913, (Hebard), 2 9 , [Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. Clayton, Georgia, VI, 1909, (W. T. Davis), i cT, [Davis Cln.]. Thompson's Mills, Ga., (H. A. AUard), i d", [U. S. N. M.]. Atlanta, Ga., V, 6 to 18, 1899, (J. H. Emerton), i d", [M. C. Z.]; VIII, 18, 1912, 2 9, [A. X. S. P. and Hebard Cln.]. Egypt, Ga., (W. H. Finn), i 9 , [U. S. N. M.]. Macon, Ga., VII, 30 and 31, 1913, (Rehn and Hebard), i 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Thomasville, Ga., IX, 21 to III, 25, 1903 and 1904, (Hebard), 4 juv. o". 3 juv. 9 ; V, 6, 1903, (for Hebard), i d', [all Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. Bainbridge, Ga., i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Spring Creek, Decatur County, Ga., VII, 16 to 29, 1912. (J. C. Bradley), i cT, I 9 , [A. N. S. P. and Hebard Cln.]. Jacksonville, Florida, IV, 19, (P. Laurent), i d", [Hebard Cln.]. Ortega, Fla., IX, 6, 1913, (VV. T. Davis), 2 9 , [Davis and Hebard Clns.]. Gulf Hammock, Levy County, Fla., Ill, (P. Laurent), i d", [A. X. S. P.] Tallahassee, Fla., VIII, 8, 1903, (A. P. Morse), i 9 , [Morse Cln.]. River Junction, Fla., VIII. 31, 1915, (Hebard; under bark of pine log), i juv. cf, [Hebard Cln.]. Marianna. Fla., VIII, 7, 1903, (A. P. Morse), i d", i 9, [Morse Cln.]. De Funiak Springs, Fla., VIII, 5, 1903, (A. P. Morse), 3 9, [Morse Cln.]. Montgomery, Alabama, IX, 8, 191 5, (Hebard; juv. moderately numerous under bark of dead short-leaf pines), i juv. 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Selma, Ala., IX, 9, 1915, (Rehn and Hebard), i juv. cf , [Hebard Cln.]. Greenville, Ala., VIII, 3. 1915, (Hebard; under dead pine bark), i 9. 3 small juv., [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. Dothan, Ala., IX, 7, 1915. (Hebard; under bark of long-leaf pine stumj^s), i juv. cf, I juv. 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Evergreen, Ala., VIII, 4, 1915, (Hebard; majority with many young under bark of pine stump), i c?, n 9,3 juv. d', 2 small juv., [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. Flomaton, Ala., VIII, i, 1903, (A. P. Morse), 4 9, [Morse Cln.]. Mobile, Ala., VIII, 26, 1915, (Rehn and Hebard ; occasional under signs on long- leaf pines, where Aglaopteryx gemma Hebard, was more numerous), 69,1 juv. cf , I small juv., [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. Wyandotte, Crawford County, Indiana, V, 7, 1902, (W. S. Blatchlcy), i cf ; V, 18, 1902, (W. S. Blatchlcy), i juv. 9 ; VI, 27 to VII, 7, 1899 to 1902, (W. S. Blatch- ley), 5 9 , [Hebard Cln., A. N. S. P. and U. S. N. M.]. MORGAN HEBARD 133 Posey County, Ind., VI, 6, 1904, (\V. S. Blatchley), i 9 , [Blatchley Cln.]. Agricultural College, Mississippi, III, 25 to 31, 1903, (J. H. Comstock), 2 juv. 9 , [Cornell Univ. Cln.]. Jackson, Miss., IX, 12, 1915, (Hebard), i juv. cT, [Hebard Cln.]. Natchez, Miss., V, 20, 1909, (E. S. Tucker; in dead oak), i 9 ; VI, 7, 1909, (E. S. Tucker; at sugar), 2 cf , [all U. S. N. M.]. St. Louis, Missouri, \T, 24 to VHI, 16, 1904, (C. L. Hcink), 4 cf . 3 9 - [Hebard Cln.]. Monteer, Mo., V, 30, 1915, (M. P. Somes), i 9, i juv. 9, [Somes Cln.]. Tallulah, Louisiana, II, 20, 1910, (R. A. Cushman; under bark), 2 9 ; V, 20, 1910, (V. I. Safro), I &, [all U. S. N. M.]. West Monroe, La., VIII, 21, 1915, (Rehn and Hebard), i juv. d", [Hebard Cln.]. Baton Rouge, La., \T, 1905. (A. W. Morrill), i a^ [U. S. X. M.]. Lake Charles, La., XL 13. (J- C. Crawford), 4 juv. 9 , [U. S. X. M.]. Jacksonville, Texas, X, 12. 1905, (W. D. Pierce), i juv. 9, [U. S. N. M.]. Beaumont, Tex., VIL 23, 1912, (Hebard; under bark of pine stumps), 2 9,1 juv. 9 , I ootheca, [Hebard Cln.]. Hockley, Tex., VI, 16, (F. W. Thouron). i cf , [U. S. X. M.]. Parcoblatta divisa (Saussure and Zehntner) (Plate V, figures 11 to 16.) 1893. Ischnoptera divisa Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. Cent.- Amer., Orth., i, p. 40. [cf, Georgia.211] Material of the present species has been recorded by Brimley from Raleigh, North Carolina, as couloniana, and as that species (but intending lata as now understood) by Rehn and Hebard from Anglesea, New Jersey. These authors also incorrectly included under divisa a female, from Rives, Tennessee, here properly assigned to P. zebra. Males of the present species agree alone with those of P. pensyl- vanica in the greatly specialized character of the protuberances of the median segment; in the present species the first dorsal abdomi- nal segment is unspccialized, while in pensylvanica a similar special- ization there occurs. The males also show the distinct separation of these two species from the others of the genus, in the production of the seventh dorsal abdominal segment, which conceals all but 211 This species, abundant in Georgia, with almost positive certainty does not occur in northern Mexico, a locality also given by Saussure and Zehntner. We here fix the type locality for the species as Georgia. The remaining material of the type series is either mislabelled or represents a different species. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 134 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE the brief lateral portions of the eighth segment; this condition is the more decided in pensylvanica. From those of the present species, females of pensylvanica are usually separated with ease by their larger size, proportionately broader pronotum, more solid colors, with lateral margins of pro- notum more strikingly pale, while from east of the Appalachians the tegmina are normally decidedly longer. Females of divisa from central Georgia southwestward also usually have the head decid- edly more flattened than in pensylvanica, but this feature shows some variability, even in that portion of the insect's distribution, and is of less value for material from the Atlantic coast. The interocular width averages slightly less than that between the an- tennal sockets in divisa, slightly more in pensylvanica. In spite of these features, due to the decided individual variation found in divisa and the very great plasticity in pensylvanica, rare females are most difihcult to distinguish, as in them great convergence in many features usually of distinct value occurs. Characters of Male. — (Raleigh, North CaroHna.) Size medium large, form mod- erately robust. Interocular width subequal to that between the ocelli. 212 Ocelli well defined. Inter-ocular-ocellar area flattened, with surface microscopically roughened. Pronotum with greatest width (normally) mesad,^!^ but with lateral margins from this point slightly more convergent cephalad than caudad, oblique sulci of disk strongly defined. Tegmina and wings normal, fully developed: teg- mina with lateral margins subparallel in mesal two-thirds; wings (in the series) with one to three incomplete and five to seven complete rami of the ulnar vein.^i^ Median segment supplied mesad with two decided ridges, which are weakly con- vergent cephalad, with their cephalic extremities overhanging the cephalic portion of the segment, which is there, and between, rather strongly concave, a low ridge connects the two projections just caudad of the concave area; ventral faces of over- hanging extremities of the projections very heavily clothed with short hairs, the narrow ridge of the cephalic margin of the segment furnished mesad with numer- ous hairs. Other dorsal segments unspecialized: sixth with distal margin trans- verse; seventh weakly produced, with distal margin broadly convex, thus concealing all but the lateral margins of eighth segment and proximo-mcsal portion of supra-anal plate. Supra-anal plate with free margin, between the 212 In the series slightly less to slightly greater than this widtli, in all Iete ramus. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 142 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE margin transverse; seventh with surface moderately convex and with dislal margin convex but truncate mesad, thus concealing (in normal position) all but lateral margins of eighth segment and proximo-mesal portion of supra-anal plate. Supra- anal plate with free margin between the cerci convex, but (normally) showing feeble angulations disto-laterad.232 Cerci elongate and slender, with disto-lateral angles of proximal joints slightly produced^^^ and lateral margins moderately crenate dis- tad. Genital hook very short and broad, with distal half sharply recurved, elon- gate oval and tapering to acute apex. Subgenital plate much as in divisa. Ex- posed folded ventral portion of eighth dorsal abdominal segment extremely variable in the series, in length (normally) less than that of exposed portion of seventh ventral abdominal segment. Characters of Female. — (Mount Airy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.) Size large, form decidedly robust. Head larger and more evenly rounded than in male, with face slightly more dei)lanate than in this sex of the species of the genus, except divisa.^^^ Interocular space (in the series) slightly less than (normal) to slightly greater than that between antennal sockets. Pronotum more ample and decidedly wider than in male, with greatest width near caudal margin and latero-caudal angles much more sharply rounded; sulci of disk subobsolete.^^^ Tegmina reduced, cov- ering (normally) more than half the dorsal surface of the abdomen. ^se Sixth dorsal abdominal segment broadly and feebly concave laterad, broadly but more decidedly convex mesad. Supra-anal plate (normally) with lateral margins nearly straight, convergent, showing a slight concavity just beyond' bases of cerci, to the rather sharply rounded apex.^^^ Cerci shorter than, but otherwise much as, in male.^'s Subgenital plate strongly convex, with distal margin very broadly rounded and feebly irregular. 232 Even greater variation than in divisa is found, and although the condition described above is the more usual in the series before us, it is evident that in large series individuals will be found with this plate ranging from convex-truncate to evenly convex and con- vex-trigonal. 233 In the majority of western specimens these angles are decidedly produced, as much as in nhleriana. In the present species, however, this is not sufficiently constant to warrant recognition, except as an interesting individual variation having some geographic significance. ^^'^ See footnote 216. 235 In many females of the series before us, the sulci of the pronotal disk have entirely disappeared. 236 Every degree occurs from a decidedly reduced type (particularly in material from Iowa and Nebraska to Texas) in which the tegmina are but little longer than tlic jirono- tum, to a partially caudate type (one specimen; Natchez, Mississippi) in which the sinistral tegnien alone extends well beyond the apices of the cerci, but is not as ample as in the male. 237 In the supra-anal plate, the lateral margins vary to a condition in wiiich they are concave in large portion, the apex varying from bluntly to sharjily rounded. 238 See footnote 233. MORGAN HEBARD 143 Montreal, Quebec Lakehurst, New Jerse\'. . Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania Great Falls, X'irginia. . . . Asheville, North Carolina Richmond, Indiana Hurricane Mills. Ten- nessee Decatur, Alabama Natchez, Mississippi . . . South Bend, Missouri.. Atoka, Oklahoma Stillwater, Oklahoma . . . Waco, Texas Extremes in series 9 Montreal, Quebec Lakehurst, Xew Jersey. . Wildwood Junction, Xew Jersey Sunbury, Penns\lvania . Mount Air\ . Penns\l- vania Washington, District of Columbia Great Falls, X'irginia.. . . Black Mountains. Xorth Carolina Clayton. Georgia Marion Count>". Indiana Natchez, Mississippi.. . . Bloomsboro. Iowa Iowa City, Iowa Nebraska City. Xebraska Osage, Kansas Howe, Oklahoma Waco, Texas Extremes in series Measurements {in millimeters) Length of Length of Width of body pronotum pronotum (:.) 22 19- 4.8 4-2 ,S0 5-4 ^ength of Width of tegmen tegmen 22 7 6.4 20.2 5-8 20 4.8 6 21 4.8 6.7 (2) 20-21.7 4.6-4.8 6-6.2 (3) 1 8. 5-1 9. 5 4.2-4.8 5.8-6.1 (3) 22-21.5 5-5.3 6.4-6.9 20.4 4-7 5-9 18.2 4.7 5.7 (2) 19.S-19.4 4.8-4.9 6.3-5.8 17-2 4.6 5.5 24 ■ 5 5-2 6 . 5 (8) 16. 8-21. 3 4.2-4.8 5.6-6.2 I 6 . 8-24 .5 4 . 2-5 . 3 5 . 4-6 . 9 (4) 13-13 -.T (5) 15-17-5 14 -5 5.2 6.4 4-3-4-4 5-4-5.8 4.7-5 6.2-6.4 4.8 6 23.1 6.4 24 . 6 7 22.4-23.9 6.4-6.3 24.1-24.3 6.4-7.7 22.5-25.1 6.3-7.1 19.9 6.2 19 -5 5-8 21.7-23.3 6.2-6.4 19.8 5.8 24 . 8 6 . 3 17.3-22.2 5.4-6.4 17.3-25. I 5-4-7-7 10.7 5.2 9. 8-1 1. 7 4.4-4.8 13 7-13 -9 5 2-5. 2 7.8 4.2 (2) 17-18 4.8-5 6.6-6.8 II. 3-1 2. 2 5-5.4 (7) 14. 5-16. 2 4.8-5.8 5.1-6.7 1 7-1 8 6.7-7,2 (3) 1 6-1 6. 5 4 -7-4 -8 5 -7-5 -8 I .T 3 4-4 5-8 15.5 5.1 6.7 (3) 16. 7-1 5. 2 4 -7-4 -8 5-7-6.1 (2) 1 2. 7-16 4.6-5 5-7-6.3 16.5 4.9 6.2 135 4-7 6 14.7 4.8 — 14.7 4.8 6.3 14.8 4.7 5.8 12. 7-18 4-3-5-8 5-1-7-2 II .4-11 .6 5.1-5.2 12-12. 2 5 4-5 -7 9.3-9.8 4-9-5-3 II. 8 4.7 1 1 . 2 5 i6.S--^^-9.8 5.2-4.8 9.8-7.7 4.5-4.8 6.9 4.6 6.9 4-5 10 4.7 7.8 4.6 6.4 4.2 6.4-16.8 4.2-5.7 ^^^ The sinistral tegmen alone is caudate, a condition found only in this female among the many examples before us. The dextral tegmen is not as unusual, 12.2 nun. in length. MEM. AM. EXT. SOC, 2. 144 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Biometric and color variations in the present insect are equally striking, both due in large part to individual variation. The extremes of the different types, particularly in the female sex, are so very different in general appearance that little surprise should be felt at the considerable synonymy. Indeed, without large series for illustration, the difficulty would be to convince even the experienced worker that such decidedly different appearing insects represent one and the same species. Coloration. — cf. (Normal.) (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.) Head with occiput chestnut; below this, to margin of clypeus, blackish chestnut brown; genae and remaining portions of clypeus cinnamon-buff. Ocelli cream color. Underparts and abdomen heavily suffused with blackish chestnut brown, the latter mesad, and on the proximal segments briefly proximo-laterad, cinnamon- buff. Limbs cinnamon-buff, the ventral femoral and dorsal tibial margins and spines washed with chestnut brown. Pronotum with disk and caudal margin blackish chestnut brown, except mesad, where a narrow, longitudinal, suffused line of hazel occurs; re- maining narrow cephalic and broader lateral portions of pronotum warm buff, the lateral portions in large part transparent. Teg- mina transparent, heavily washed with cinnamon brown, with marginal field and proximal portions of scapular field very feebly washed with cinnamon brown, proximal portion of humeral vein blackish brown. Dorsal surface of abdomen ochraceous-tawny, heavily suff'used laterad and distad (including supra-anal plate and cerci) with blackish chestnut brown. In the maximum reces- sive condition the browns are all more dilute and occasionally the disk of the pronotum is alone darkened. -^° (Maximum intensive.) (Waco, Texas.) Head, underparts and limbs cinnamon brown, the limbs more solidly of a darker shade. Abdomen blackish chestnut brown. Pronotum dark chestnut l)rown from narrow area on cephalic margin expanding through disk to and including entire caudal margin, lateral margins sharply defined in warm buff. Tegmina translucent, deep cinnamon brown, with marginal field sharply defined in light buff'. Dorsal surface of abdomen ^■'" In this copflition resembling more closely males of divisa in general coloration. MORGAN HEBARD 145 tawny, heavily suffused with dark cinnamon brown. Xumor- ous differences in shade and contour-^^ of the markings is shown by the series before us, linking up in every way the extremes. The southwestern material averages near the maximum intcnsi\e, but in all series individual differences are found. 9. (Maximum recessive.) (Staten Island, New York.) Head with vertex ochraceous-buff, below with a vertical blackish chest- nut lirown band, which is narrowest below the antennal sockets, ocellar spots and genae warm buff". Underparts and limbs anti- mony yellow, the former mottled with blackish brown; ventral surface of abdomen mesad cinnamon brown, with broad lateral margins of suffused antimony yellow and subgenital plate suff'used ochraceous-tawny. Pronotum with disk heavily clouded with russet, which shades into the narrow cephalic and broader lateral margins of ochraceous-tawny.-^-' Every gradation is found from this to the following condition. (Normal eastern, occasional west- ern.) Browns darker and more solid. Disk of pronotum mars brown, this marking continued to and including all of the caudal margin of the pronotum, but with a medio-longitudinal streak of tawny ; this marking not sharply defined from the moderately broad cephalic and broader lateral margins of the pronotum, which are antimony yellow. Tegmina translucent mars brown, with mar- ginal and proximal portions of scapular fields much paler, warm buff, the latter suffused. Dorsal surface of abdomen blackish brown, the segments margined with ochraceous-tawny laterad to individually variable degrees. Many intermediates in the series connect this with the following striking type. (Maximum inten- sive.) (Rare eastern, frequent northwestern, normal southwest- ern.) Head blackish chestnut brown, except ocellar spots and lateral porti(Mis of genae, which are antimony yellow. Underparts and limbs cinnamon brown, ventral surface of abdomen blackish chest- -^' Two distinct types of pronotal marking occur, these particularly strilcing in the maximum intensive coloration. In one, the lateral margins of the dark area are nearly straight; in the other, these margins bordering the disk of the pronotum are there decid- edly convex. -■*- Such females are the most difficult to separate from those of divisa. But one other specimen before us, from Lakehurst, New Jerse>-, shows this degree of recession, the genae, however, being much suffused with dark brown. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 146 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE nut brown, shading to russet meso-proximad. Pronotum solid blackish chestnut brown, except lateral margins, which are sharply defined in antimony yellow. Tegmina translucent blackish chest- nut brown, with marginal fields sharply defined in warm buff. Many of the young of this species before us are uniform blackish chestnut brown, occasional specimens are paler brown, while in the series from Thomasville, Georgia, the lateral margins of pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum are strikingly pale buffy. This is shown to a lesser degree in one from Natchez, Mississippi, and weakly on the pronotum in a number of immature eastern examples. We find that the ootheca is carried with suture directed either dorsad or laterad. Females before us with ootheca in the former position are from Montreal, Quebec, and Steuben County, Indi- ana: in the latter position from Jamesburg, New York; Harris- burg, Pennsylvania, and Natchez, Mississippi. The ootheca has its sides rather strongly convex as in divisa, with surface smooth and serrations of suture slightly lower and wider than in that species. It averages decidedly longer than in any other species of the genus except /ato (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 10.2 by 4.2 mm.). The present species has the widest distribution of any of the genus in the United States, covering more than the eastern half of this country and extending into southern Canada. Its northern- most known limits are Scarboro, Maine; Abbotsford and Mon- treal, Quebec; Sudbury, Ontario; Saginaw Bay, Michigan and the south shore of Lake Superior, and Polk County, Wisconsin. The westernmost records are Valentine, Nebraska; Clearwater, Kan- sas, and Byers, Waco and Brownsville, Texas. Southeastward the species is not as yet known beyond Raleigh, North Carolina; Spartanburg, South Carolina, and Thomasville, Georgia. Specimens Examined: 199; 75 males, 77 females and 47 immature individuals. Montreal, Qtiebec, (Caulfield), l c?, i 9 with ootheca, [M. C. Z.]. Prout's Neck, Maine, 3 9, [M. C. Z.]. Winthrop, Massachusetts, (Mrs. H. E. Scudder), i ^, [M. C. Z.]. Staten Island, New York, VI, (W. T. Davis,) i a\ [Hebard Cln.]; i 9, [Davis On.]. Jamesburg, New Jersey, VI, 22, , (W. T. Davis), i 9 with ootheca, [Davis Cln.]. MORGAN HEBARD 147 Lakehurst, N. J.. VI, 14, 1908, (\V. T. Davis), i a^ ; VII, n to VIII, 15, 191 1, (W. T. Davis), 4 9, [all Davis Cln.]. Stafford's Forge. Ocean County, X. J., VIII. 30, 1914. (Rehn; in oak and pine woods). I 9, [A. X. S. P.]. Da Costa, X. J., VII, 29, 1904. (E. Daecke), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Wildwood Junction, X. J., VII, 28 to VIII, 14, 1914. (Hebard; trapped, molasses jars in oak forest), 5 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Lake Weassanking, Bradford County, Pennsylvania, (J. Willcox), 2 9, [A. X. S. P.]. Ivy Hill, Mount Airy, Pa., VI, 12 to 30, 1914, (Hebard; trapped, molasses jars in chestnut forest), 2 9 ; \'II, I to 1 1, 1914, (Hebard; same data), i juv. cT, [all Hebard Cln.]. Tulpehocken, Pa., \'II, i to 11, 1914, (Hebard; trapped, molasses jar on knoll with high deciduous trees), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Wissahickon and Lincoln Drives, Philadelphia, Pa., \'L 4 to 9, 1914. (Hebard; trapped, molasses jar in heavy ravine forest), l 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. West Philadelphia, Pa., VI, 9. i cf , ]A. X. S. P.]. Danville, Pa., V, 29, i cf, [Pa. State Dept. Zool.]. Fisher's Ferry, Pa., \', 29, i c^ [Pa. State Dept. Zool.]. Sunbury, Pa.'. VII, I 9. [M. C. Z.]. Rockville, Pa., I, 26, 1913, i juv.. [Pa. State Dept. Zool.]. Harrisburg, Pa., \' 1 1. 18, 2 9 , i with ootheca, [Pa. State Dept. Zool.]. Camphill, Pa., \', 23, i 9 . [Pa. State Dept. Zool.]. Gettysburg, Pa.. I\'. 22. i juv. d", i juv. 9, [A. X. S. P.]. McConnellsburg, Pa., \'I, 4, 1905, i o^ [A. X. S. P.]. Transfer, Pa., I\'. i, 1908. i juv. 9, [Pa. State Dept. Zool.]. Beatty. Pa., (O. Brugger), 1 9, [A. X. S. P.]. Penn Station, Pa., \', 29, 1905, 2 cf, [A. X. S. P.]. Laurel, Delaware, VI, 7, 1908, (B. Long), i cf , [A. X. S. P.]. Chestertown, Maryland, VIII, I, 1904, (E. G. Vanatta), i 9, [A. X. S. P.]. High Island, Md., VII. i, 1904, (A. X. Caudell), i 9, [U. S. X. M.]. Glendale, Md., VII, 3, (Mrs. Xellie Caudell), i 9 , [U. S. X. M.]. Washington, District of Columbia, VI, 2 to 29, (W. T. Davis; 4 9 trapped, molasses jar), 2 d", 7 9 , [U. S. X. M., Davis and Hebard Clns.]. Great Falls, Virginia, VL 27, 191 1, (W. T. Davis), i c^, 3 9. [Davis Cln.]. Alexandria County, \'a., IX, 191 1, (W. T. Davis; trapped, molasses jar), i juv. c^, [Hebard Cln.]. Falls Church, Va., VII. 2^, i 9, [U. S. X. M.]. Fredericksburg, \'a., \1I. 20, 1913, (Rehn and Hebard). i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Xelson County, Va., \'l, 21, 1914, (W. Robinson), i c?, [U. S. X. M.]. Hot Springs. Bath County, Va., 2400 feet, VIII, 3 to 2^. 1916, (Hebard; night, attracted to molasses on chestnut and white oak trunks,) i 9, 9 juv. ,2" [Hebard Cln.]. ^" Kept alive, active and considerably larger, June, 1917- MEM. .^M. ENT. SOC, 2. 148 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Deer Lick Mountain, Bath County, Va., 2800 feet, VII, 10, 1916, (Hebard; under bark of decaying chestnut log), 2 oothecae, [Hebard Chi.]. CoUison Ridge, Bath County, Va., 2800 feet, VII, 5, 1916, (Hebard; under bark of dead chestnut stump), i 9 with ootheca; VII, 8 to 14, 1916, (Hebard; trapped molasses jar), i 9 , [both Hebard Cln.]. Montgomery County, Va., V, 26, 1899, (E. A. Smyth Jr.), i cf, [Hebard Cln.]. Wellsburgh, West \'irginia, 1910, (Mrs. Green), i cf , [U. S. N. M.]. Raleigh, North Carolina, VI, 2, 1904, (C. S. Brimley), I cf . [Hebard Cln.]. Black Mountains, N. C, V, 31 to VI, 6, 1912, (W. Beutenmuller), ;, 9, [Cornell Univ. Cln.]. Sulphur Springs, Buncombe County, K. C, 2500 feet, \\ 25 and 30, IQ04, (Heb- ard), 2 cf , [Hebard Cln.]. Spartanburg, South Carolina, VIII, 6, 1913, (Hebard; under signs on trees), 19,5 juv. cT, 2 juv. 9 , [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. Clayton. Georgia, V, 18 to 26, 191 1, (J. C. Bradley), i d", [A. N. S. P.]; \1, 1909, (W. f. Davis), I 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Thomas\ille, Ga., Ill, 23 and IV, 9, 1904, (Hebard; under signs on oaks), 7 juv. cf , [Hebard Cln.]. Sudbury, Ontario, (D. H. Haight), 2 d", [Bklyn. Inst.]. Meigs County, Ohio, (Samuels), i d', [M. C. Z.]. Richmond, Indiana, (J. A. Allen), 3 d, [M. C. Z.]. Crawford County, Ind., VII, 2, 1902, (W. S. Blatchley), i d. [Hebard Cln.]. Marion County, Ind., V, 30, 1897, (W. S. Blatchley), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Steuben County. Ind., VIII, 1 1, 1903, (W. S. Blatchley), i 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Ogle County. Illinois, (J. A. Allen), i d, [M. C. Z.]. Mossville, 111., V, 1889, (F. Blake), i o\ I juv. d, [M. C. Z.]. White Heath. 111., VI, 17, 191 1, i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Carbondale, 111., VI, 25, 1909, (at light), i d. [U. S. N. M.]. Western States, (A. Agassiz), 2 d,i 9 , latter cot\'pe olEctobia flavocincta Scudder, [M. C. Z.]. Michigan, i cf , [Davis Cln.]. Lake Superior, (A. Agassiz), i 9 , cotype oi Ectobia flavocincta Scudder, [M. C. Z.]. Cranmoor, Wisconsin, VI, 5, 1910, (C. W. Hooker), i 9, [U. S. N. M.]; \'II, 7, 1909, (C. B. Hardenberg), i cf , [A. N. S. P.]. Polk County, Wis., VII, (C. F. Baker), I d, [A. N. S. P.]. Madison, Wis., V, 10, 1915, (A. C. Burrill), i d ; IX, 20, 1916, (L. G. Centner), I juv. d", [both Wise. Agr. Exp. Sta. Cln.]. Dodgeville, Wis., VI, 10, 1914, (at light), i d, [Wise. Agr. E.\p. Sta. Cln.]. Lancaster, Wis., VI, 8, 1914, (at light), i cf , [Wise. Agr. Exp. Sta. Clii.j. Minnesota, W, 1 d, [Hebard Cln.]. Ramsey County, Minn., VII, 2, i cf, [Minn. Dcjit. Agr. Cln.]. Gray Cloud, Minn., Vlll, 15, 1895, i 9 with ootheca, [Minn. Dept. Agr. Cln.]. Nashville, Tennessee, VI, 9, 1914, (G. G. Ainslie; at light), i d, [U. S. N. M.j. Hurricane Mills, Tenn., (G. G. Ainslie), 3 d, [U. S. N. M.]. MORGAN HEBARD I49 Decatur. Alabama, (B. Shimek). I cT, [Hebard Cln.]. Brookfield, Missouri, (E. P. Austin), i 9, [M. C. Z.]. St. Louis, Mo., VI. 10. 1004. (\V. \'. Werner), i ^, [U. S. X. M.]. Mountain Grove, Mo., IV, 7, 1916, (M. P. Somes), 3 juv. cT, [Somes Cln.]. Natchez, Mississippi, V. 20 to VI, 3, 1909, (E. S. Tucker; 2 at sugar, i in dead oak) 3 juv. 9 : \'I. 7 to 10, 1909, (E. S. Tucker; d" at light, 9 9 at sugar), i cf , 39, fall U. S. X. M.]. Logansport, Louisiana. \T, 6, 1906, (\V. D. Pierce), i d", [U. S. N. M.]. Muscatine, Iowa. W 17. 1909. (M- P. Somes), i cf , [Somes Cln.]. Fruitland, la.. \'I. 17. 1915, (M. P. Somes), I 9. i juv. 9, [Somes Cln.]. Iowa City, la., VIII, (B. Shimek), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]; IX, 10, 1910, (M. P. Somes), I cf, [Somes Cln.]. Des Moines, la., MIL 21, 190S, (M. P. Somes), 2 o", [Somes Cln.]. Dallas County, la.. \'III, 4, (J. -A. .Allen; in rotten logs and stumps), 2 9, [M- C. Z.]. Bloomsboro, la., VII, 1867, (J. A. Allen), 2 9, [M. C. Z.]. Valentine, Xebraska, VIII, 1888, i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Badger. Xebr., i 9 , [Helmrd Cln.]. South Bend. Xebr., Ill, u, 1910, (L. Bruner), 2 d; 3 juv. d, 3 Juv. 9, [all Heb- ard Cln.]. Lincoln, Xebr., VI, (L. Bruner; at light), i d", [Hebard Cln.]. Xebraska City, Xebr., \T, I d". i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Platte River, (Hayden), i 9 , type of Temnopteryx marginata Scudder, [M. C. Z.]. Hiawatha, Kansas, VIII, 1904, (F. B. Isely), i 9, [U. S. X. M.]. Topeka, Ks.. (F. \V. Cragin), 2 juv. d". [Hebard Cln.]. Osage. Ks., (Stolley), i d^, i 9 . [M. C. Z.]. Independence, Ks., (A. Birchfield), i d", [Hebard Cln.]. Stillwater, Oklahoma, (A. X. Caudell), i d, [U- S. X. M.]. Howe, Okla., VIII, 4. 1905, (A. P. Morse), i 9, [Morse Cln.]. Atoka, Okla.. VII, 29, 1905, (F. C. Bishopp), i d^. [U. S. X. M.]. Byers, Texas. VII, 1910, (F. B. Isely), i 9. [U. S. X. M.]. Dallas. Tex.. (J. Boll). 2 l)lou'^ala liefore us, or in fart any sjiecimens of the genus from Surinam, the locality from which it was described. From study of the Linnaean and DeGeerian descriptions and figure, however, we are satisfied that the position of this species, the genotype, is as indicated here. MORGAN HEBARD 1 55 Genotype by monotypy: Pseiidomops oblongata [Bl[atta] oblon- gata] ( Linnaeus). -^- Generic Characters. — Eyes sho^ving a tendency to bulge latero- dorsad. Ocellar areas and ocellar spots weakly defined. An- tennae, in proximal half, hirsute to plumose. Pronotum con- siderably obtuse-angulate produced caudad, with apex rounded. Tegmina narrow, with point of least width mesad ; discoidal sectors longitudinal, these formed by the median vein and one ramus, which is angled opposite apex of anal field and rami of ulnar vein which spring at an angle from that vein near the apex of the anal field, "^ (the veins which spring from this region numbering three to six). Wings narrow, hyaline, with glassy, iridescent luster; costal veins heavily clubbed distad, this area strongly suffused; intercalated triangle small. Dorsal surface of male abdomen and styles strongly specialized. Limbs elongate and slender; vcntro-ceph- alic margin of cephalic femora armed with few hea\">', elongate spines proximad, followed by one or two shorter spines, succeeded by a row of more closely set, stout, shorter spines, which is ter- minated distad in three elongate spines in increasing ratio; ventro- "'"- Serville refers to the Linnaean species in his generic description, and whether or not the insect before him was correctly determined, has no effect upon the fact that oblongata of Linnaeus is the genotype of Pseiidomops. Kirby has, in error, given inter- cepla of Burmeister as the type of the genus, placing oblongata as understood by Serville in the synonymy under that species (Syn. Cat. Orth., i, p. 75, (1904)). This action is unwarranted and erroneous; because Serville gives first a reference to Linnaeus in his description of the genus, and also gives the locality Surinam, while Kirby himself assigns to intercepta only Central American localities. Shelford (see papers — Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1906, p. 252, (1906) and Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1907, p. 458 (1908)), has supported Kirby in the view that oblongata of Linnaeus and of Serville represent distinct forms, that of the latter author being the same as Burmeister's intercepta. We do not agree with this conclusion and believe that oblongata of Linnaeus and Serville, both described from material from Surinam, represent probably the same species — certainly both are distinct from the Central .American intercepta of Burmeister. "3 The ulnar vein, at the apex of the anal field, reaches a small area where all the veins are subobsolete; from this area spring, at an angle to the ulnar vein, \'eins which have been termed its rami. It would appear to us, however, that, though the first one or two of these veins constitute continuations of the ulnar \ein, the remaining veins, toward the sutural margin, are rather continuatitjns of the axillary veins, which have been broken for a i)rief distance at the apex of the anal field by the anal sulcus. (See Pi. VI, fig. 5.) These veins radiate slightly distad, due to the greater width there of the surface which they occupy; the vein adjacent to the sutural margin, however, parallels it for its entire length. MEM. .\M. ENT. SOC, 2. 156 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE caudal margin of cephalic femora and ventral margins of other femora heavily spined. Tarsi elongate, four proximal joints each bearing a small distal pulvillus. Small arolia present. Pseudomops septentrionalis new species (Plate VI, figures 5 to 8.) 1900. Thyrsocera cinda Scudder, (not of Burmeister, 1838),-" Proc. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci., viii, p. 7. [[cf, 9]: Texas.] 1904. Thyrsocera cincta Caudell, (not of Burmeister, 1838), Mus. Brooklyn Inst. A. & S., Sci. Bull., i, p. 105. [d^: Topo [Stage station near Brownsville], Texas.] 1907. Pseitdoiiiops oblongata Rehn, (not Blatta oblongata Linnaeus, 1758),-" Ent. News, xviii, p. 209. [ 9 : Brownsville, Texas.] 1913. P[seiidomops\ intercepta Caudell, (not of Burmeister, 1838), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xliv, p. 603. (Altering record of oblongata from the United States.) That the present species has in the past not been recognized as undescribed, is due to the fact that, at the time the previous rec- ords were made, insufficient material of the more southern species was at hand. The present insect is very closely related to P. intercepta,-^^ differing from that species in the pronotal coloration (which never shows the distinctive pattern usual in the Mexican insect), slightly 2=^ 1838. Th[yrsocera] cincta Burmeister, Handb. Ent., ii, abth. ii, pt. i, p. 499. [iMexi- co.j Compared with P. septentrionalis this species is found to have also non-spatulate cerci and non-plumose antennae, but is smaller, distinctly more slender, with black an- tennae not annulate, pronotum less transverse, distinctly narrower tegmina marked mesad with a dark longitudinal intramarginal stripe and distinctive primary and second- ary male sexual features. These observations are based on three males before us from Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico, which have been correctly recorded by Rehn. -" 1758. Bllatta] oblongata Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, i, p. 425. [.\merica.] This species is not at all closely related to P. septentrionalis, as it belongs to a different group of species, showing likewise non-spatulate cerci, but decidedly more slender in form, with plumose antennae. The peculiar pronotal markings and plumose antennae are described by Linnaeus; De Geer later figures the species showing plainly these characters, his material coming from Surinam and almost certainly from the same series as the type, as has been pointed out by Shelford, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1907, p. 457, (1908). -'■'^ 1838. Bl[atta] intercepta Burmeister, Handb. Ent., ii, abth. ii, pt. i, p. 497. [Mex- ico.] The comparisons here made are based on the following specimens of this species. Distrito Federal, Mexico, (J. R. Inda),2c?,2 9, [U.S. N. M.]. San Rafael, Vera Cruz, Mexico, (C. H. T. Townsend), i d', 5 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico, I, 1892, 2 cf , i 9, [Hebard Cln.]; I, 9 to 16, 1892, (H. Osborn), 2 9 , [U. S. N. M.]. Cordoba, Vera Cruz, Mexico, VI, 10 and 11, 1908, (F. Knab), i cf , i 9 , [U. S. N. M.]. Vera Cruz, Vera Cruz, Mexico, 191 1, (F. W. Lrich), 2 9 , [U. S. N. M.]. Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico, (H. H. Smith), i 9, l\. N. S. P.]. MORGAN HEBARD 1 57 Stouter form, slight differences in the costal veins of the wings-" and differently shaped genital hook in the male.-^^ Type. — cf ; Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas. July 31, iyi2. (M. Hebard.) [Hebard Collection Type Xo. 410.] Description of Type. — Sizt- medium, form stout for the group. Head projecting slightly beyond pronotum, interocular space subequal to that between antennal sockets, ocellar areas very small and weakly defined, ocellar spots feebly indicated. Antennae covered with minute hairs, particularly in proximal half, which is slightly enlarged (but by no means plumose as in certain species of the genus). Ma.xillary palpi moderately stout; third joint elongate, fourth distinctly shorter and expand- ing e\enly distad, fifth (distal) distinctly longer than third, enlarged, with oblique truncation reaching four-fifths of distance to base. Pronotum subcircular; evenly convex to lateral margins, which have a very briefly reflexed border (this visible only under a microscope) ; cephalic margin transverse, straight; cephalic and latero- caudal angles broadly rounded; lateral margins very weakly comex; caudal mar- gin moderately produced and obtuse angulate mesad. with angle broadK' rounded. Tegmina with numerous longitudinal discoidal sectors (normally seven or eight). Wings with proximal half of costal veins evenly and weakly thickened distad, buffy. with veins distinctly bufty, this whole area resultantly not transparent. Abdomen with second and third dorsal segments each supplied mesad with twin groups of long hairs directed caudad, many of these adhering at their distal extremi- ties; fourth and fifth unmodified; sixth wholly concealed excepting lateral portions, which are very strongly produced distad with apices evenly rounded, extending as far caudad as mesal portion of caudal margin of seventh segment, concealed portion of sixth segment convex above concavity of seventh segment; se\'enth segment concave mesad. with a small median projection proximad, Irom which sjiring two small, adjacent, closely adhering, slender projections of hairs curving outward dis- tad, the segment with a distinct medio-longitudinal sulcus from this point to the caudal margin, which is broadly and weakly emarginate mesad, laterad the seg- ment is weakly produced with margin rounded; eighth segment transversely nar- rower, deplanate, caudal margin weakly concave, with a small nick opposite each cereal base. Supra-anal [(late triangularh' i)roduced, with broad apex rounded. Cerci elongate tapering, with (normally eleven) distinct joints. Oenital hook springs from a large, chitinous area situated meso-dextrad, not very elongate, chit- inous, stout, cur\ing weakl\- inward and tapering to acute apex. Subgenital plate smooth and convex exteriorly, with caudal margin roughly convex; intro-sinistrad on this margin is a stout, tapering, corneous style, with ventral surface heavily -^" In intercepta, the vicinity of the swollen i)ortions of the costal \-eins of the wings does not api)ear to be normally as much sutYiised with buffy and in consequence is less opaque. "'' In these species the male abdominal and genitalic characters agree fully, e.xcept that in inte'xepta the genital hook is decidedly longer and more slender, with distal extremity very slight i\- enlarged. MEM. AM. EXT. SOC, 2. 158 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE toothed; intro-dextrad on this margin is a larger, roughly anvil-shaped, corneous style, with inner margin bearing stout teeth and pointed extremity projecting prox- imo-laterad, elongate, acicular. Between these styles and the cereal bases, along the inner surface of the subgenital plate near its margin, are scattered minute, chitinous teeth. Allotype. — 9 ; same data as type. [Hebard Collection.] Description of Allotype. — Very similar to male, differing in the following features. Head very slightly broader. Pronotum slightly more ample. Dorsal surface of abdomen unmodified. Supra-anal plate very broadly shield-shaped. Subgenital plate large, scoop-shaped, with caudal margin roughly convex. Measurements {in millimeters) -^ Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of body pfonotum pronotum tegmen tegmen Dallas, Texas 10.3 3.7 3.9 11. 8 3.2 Waco, Texas 10.5 3.7 4 11. 4 3.1 Zavalla County, Texas 11,8 3.8 4.2 11. 4 3.3 Brownsville, Texas, /v/jf 10.2 3.7 4 11 3.2 Brownsville, Texas, par- atopes (6) 10-11.4 3-5-3-8 3.9-4 10.8-11.3 3-1-3-3 9 Dallas, Texas (2) 11-11.8 3.8-4.2 4.3-4.7 10. 9-1 1.9 3.4-3.6 Waco, Texas (2) 9.5-10.5 3.8-3.9 4.2-4.7 11. 6-1 1.7 3.3-3.4 Columbus, Texas (2) 11. 2-1 1.5 3.8-3.9 4.2-4.4 11. 9-1 2. 2 3.4-3.7 Zavalla County, Texas. 15 4.8 5.3 13.7 3.9 Brownsville, Texas, alto- type 10 3.9 4.6 1 1. 1 3.2 Brownsville, Texas, par- atypes (23) 9.8-11.9 3-8-4-3 4-2-4-7 11-12.1 3-2-3-4 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexi- co 9 3.7 4 9 • 3 San Jose, Tamaulipas, Mexico 1 1. 9 3.8 4.4 13 3.6 The above measurements indicate little geographic size varia- tion in the United States; the specimen from Saltillo, Mexico, is, however, distinctly depauperate. Coloration. — General color glossy, individually russet to brown- ish black. Head tawny, occasionally darker below- the occiput. Antennae dark in proximal half, with eight to twelve mesal joints warm buff, distal portion of general coloration. Pronotum cin- namon-rufous, broadly margined with cream color, this narrowest cephalad. Ihe mesal reddish brown portion is often immaculate, MORGAN HEBARD I 59 sometimes a darker suffusion occupies the caudal margin of this area, this darker suffusion is occasionally produced cephalad on the sides, or further developed and reuniting cephalad, thus some- times leaving but a small mesal spot of reddish brown; in speci- mens of the maximum intensive coloration, all but the warm buff pronotal margins is suffused, shining blackish brown. Tegmina of general coloration, moderately broadly bordered on the costal margin with cream color. Costal area of wing suffused with gen- eral coloration, mesal portion of this area warm bufT, this extend- ing, to varying degrees, toward the wing margin; other portions of wing transparent, moderately iridescent, with veins of general coloration and distal portion of wing weakly suffused with the same. Limbs and ventral surface of body tawny, individually varying to dark mars brown; ventral abdominal segments usually very nar- rowl}^ margined laterad with cream color. Though sometimes found in litter on the ground, this species is more often encountered in the foliage of heavy weeds and about flowers. Specimens Examined: 56; 14 males and 42 females. Dallas, Texas, VI, 8 to VHI, i, (J. Boll), i cf , 3 9 ,"^ [M. C. Z. and Hebard Cln.]. Waco, Tex., V, 12 to \TII, 8, (Belfrage; a ver>- rare species found at night), I cf , 2 9, [M. C. Z.]. Blanco County. Tex., i 9. [A. X. S. P.]. Columbus, Tex., \'I, 22, i d", [U. S. X. M.]; VII, 30, 2 9, [Univ. Kansas and Hebard Cln.]. Zavalla County, Tex., I\', 27, 1910, (Hunter and Pratt), i c?", i 9, [U. S. X. M.]. Carrizo Springs. Tex.. (A. W'adgymar), i 9. [Hebard Cln.]. Del Rio, Tex., VI, 22 to 27, (H. Wickham). i 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Mercedes, Tex.. II, 1909, (T. D. Usbahns), i c^, [U. S. X. M.]. Santa Maria, Tex., \'. 29, 1895. i 9 , [U. S. X. M.]. Brownsville, Tex., i 9 ; (C. H. T. Townsend), i 9 ; IV, 30 to \T, 5. 1904, (H. S. Barber), 2 cf , 2 9 ; \', 23, 1913. (in dead brush pile), i 9 ; VT, (F. H. Snow; Wick- ham), 2 cf, II 9 \-^^ \TH, 31, 1912, (Hebard; not scarce in heavy weeds, sun- flowers, etc., in openings of river plain jungle scrub), 4 cf , 6 9 , entire Brownsville series type, allotype, paratypes, [Hebard Cln., Univ. Kansas, .A. X. S. P., U. S. X. M. and Davis Cln.]. 2°^ It is upon these specimens and those from Waco, that Scudder based his "Te.xas" record of cincta. -^'' Upon a specimen of this series Rehn's record of oblongata was based, later referred by Caudell to uitercepta. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. l60 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Piper Plantation, near Brownsville, Tex.. VIII, 3, 1912, (Rehn and Hebard), I 9 , paratype. [Hebard Cln.]. Esperanza Ranch, near Brownsville, Tex., V, 1904, (C. Schaeffer), i d", 2 9, paratypes, [Bklyn. Inst.]. Topo stage station, near Brownsville, Tex., IV, 1904. (C. Schaeffer), i 9 ,-" para- type, [Bklyn. Inst.]. ' San Tomas, near Brownsville, Tex., IV, 26, 1904, (C. Schaeffer), i 9 , paratype, [Bklyn. Inst.]. Rocha Ranch, near Brownsville, Tex., IV, 1904, (C. Schaeffer), i 9, paratype, [Bklyn. Inst.]. Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico, i 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. San Jose, Tamaulipas, Mex., IV, 1910, (Bueno), i 9 , [U. S. N. iM.]. Subfamily EPILAMPRINAE The following features are considered diagnostic. — Antennae setaceous, never plumose. Tegmina normally coriaceous or corne- ous, fully developed or reduced. Wings with costal veins irregular, ulnar vein with incomplete rami. Supra-anal plate weakly to strongly bilobate in both sexes. Subgenital plate of male fre- quently slightly asymmetrical, rounded, with slender styles set in sockets, the dextral socket being the longer.^e- Femora with ventral margins weakly to heavily armed. The members of this subfamily are all confined to the tropics. A single species has become established in the Florida Keys. LEUROLESTES Rehn and Hebard Blatta, Nauphoeta, Phoetalia and Phaetalia of authors. ^''^ 1914. Wattenwyliella Rehn and Hebard, Ent. News, xxv, p. 217. (May.) [Not of Carl, April, 1914-] 1914. Leurolestes Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1914, p. 379. (June.) (New name given for preoccupied Watteyiwyliella:-'^^) The genus contains two circumtropical species. Genotype: Leurolestes pallidiis [N[auphoeta] pallida] (Brunner), 2" Caudell's record of cincta is based on this specimen, or one taken with it. 262 A somewhat similar general type of male subgenital plate is found in many species of the Epilamprinae and Blaberinae. 283 In the case of Phoetalia, laevigata of Beauvois was unfortunately designated as genotype, and, in consequence, although the description is of the present genus, that name falls in the synonymy under NyctUmra. Phaetalia was caused by Shclford's error in spelling. 2«'' Preoccupied by Wallemvyliella Carl, Ai)ril, 19 14. MORGAN HE BARD l6l selected by Rehn and Hebard, at time their Wattenwyliella was proposed. Generic Characters:-^'" — Size medium small for subfamily, form depressed. Pronotum not covering vertex of head; caudal mar- gin feebly convex, truncate. Tegmina and wings fully dc\eloped in both sexes, falling slightly short of, or reaching slightly beyond, the abdominal apex. Tegmina broadest meso-distad ; scapular field not broad, narrowing decidedly distad; discoidal sectors (the majority of which are formed by branches of the ulnar vein) numer- ous and feebly radiating, with numerous transverse veinlets. Wings with mediastine vein reaching to near apex and bounding area of costal veins, which is very narrow; costal veins few and irregular; discoidal and median veins connected by numerous transverse veinlets, the former branching irregularly distad; ulnar vein with numerous (about eleven), strongly divergent, incom- plete rami and few (about three) complete distal rami; axillary vein with few (two) branches. Supra-anal plate weakly bilobate in both sexes, cerci short. Male subgenital plate showing fea- tures comparable to those found in Blabcrus. Cephalic femora with ventro-cephalic margins armed proximad with a few, short, heavy spines, followed by a row of minute, closely set, piliform spinulae, terminating distad in a single, moderately elongate, heavy spine; other femoral margins supplied with few, scattered, short, moderately stout spines; genicular spines of median and caudal femora only slightly longer than these. Tarsi with first joint bearing disto-ventrad a large pulvillus, succeeding three joints with brief ^■entral surfaces each fully occupied by a large puhillus. Caudal metatarsus as long as remaining tarsal joints. Arolium ample, but not extending more than half the distance to apex of the heavy tarsal claws, its distal margin rather strongly angulato- emarginate. with apex rounded. Leurolestes pallidus (Brunner) (Plate VI, figures 9 and 10.) 1S39. Blntta laevioata Serville (not of Beauvois, 1805), Hist. Nat. Ins., Orth., p. 98. [Cuba; IMartinicjue.] ■''•' Until a general study of the subfamily is made, we do not feel satisfied that some of the features here given, should not be placed instead in the diagnosis of the Epilam- prinae. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. l62 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE 1865. Nauphoeta pallida Brunner, Nouv. Syst. Blatt., p. 286. [Cuba.] 1868. Nauphoeta marginalis Walker. Cat. Blatt. Br. Mus., p. 41. [— ?] 1904. Phoetalia pallida Kirby, Synoii. Cat. Orth., i, p. 116. [West Indies; Brazil; Teneriffe, Canary Islands.] 1910. Phoetalia laevigata Rehn and Hebard (not Blatta laevigata of Beamois, 1805), Ent. News, xxi. p. 103. [Key Largo, Florida.] 1910. Phoetalia laevigata Shelford (not Blatta laevigata of Bcauvois, 1805), Gen. Ins., Fasc. loi, Blattidae, Epilamprinae, p. 8. 1914. Wattenwyliella pallida Rehn and Hebard, Ent. News, xxv, p. 216. (May.) 1914. Leurolestes pallidu.s Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1914, P- 379- (June.) The references and synonymy for the present species are given by Rehn and Hebard in May, 1914, to that date. The generic name there proposed was preoccupied by Wattenwyliella Carl, described in April, 1914. The species has, in past Hterature, been much confused with the extremely different Nyctibora laevigata (Beauvois). Of the North American roaches, this species shows some slight superficial resemblance to Pycnoscelus siirinamensis; the different form of the pale pronotal borders and numerous generic features of difference, readily distinguish these widely separated forms. Characters of Male. — (Key West, Florida.) Size rather small for the subfamily. Head with interocular space about two-thirds as wide as the interocellar space; ocelli large and distinct; flattened surfaces of ocellar areas weakly oblique, but with inner margins not raised above plane of flattened face. Maxillary palpi short, fourth joint distinctly shorter than third or fifth and decidedly constricted proxi- mad. Pronotum weakly convex, except laterad where it is strongly declivent; cephalic margin very weakly .convex, transverse, rounding broadly into lateral margins, which are weakly convex and strongly divergent caudad, rounding broadly into the caudal margin, which is weakly con\-ex, trans\-erse. Tegmina and wings (normally) slightly exceeding apex of abdomen (venation, pi. \'I, tig. 9). Supra-anal plate delicate, produced but transverse, very weakly bilobate. Cerci very short, compact, with (ten) distinct joints, these very brief, tapering to acute apex. Sin- istral portion of anal chamber empt}', mesad a soft, sub-c}lindrical mantle projects distad, with truncate distal margin supplied with a closely set fringe of microscopic chitinous teeth. Dextral portion of anal chamber occupied by a large, convolute chitinous plate. Subgcnital plate convex, asymmetrical; free margin very broadly convex from sinistral base to mcsal portion of dextral half, there rounding sharply into rather deeiily concave emargination at dextral base, within which the margin is subchitinous. Minute, slender, cylindrical styles are situated on this margin at MORGAN HEBARD I 63 the inner margins of the cerci, the sinistral very long, the dextral distinctly longer and over half as long as the cercus. Characters of Female. — (Key West, p-lorida.) Agrees with male except in the fol- lowing features. Size distinctly larger. Head with interociilar space nearly equal in width to that of interocellar space. Tegmina and wings (normally) falling slightly short of the ai)ex of the abdomen. Supra-anal plate rather delicate, pro- duced but transverse, rather broadly convex but feebly emarginate mesad, thus weakly showing bilobation. Subgenital plate very ample; distal margin in general convex, but broadly flattened at point where cerci project and also mesad. & Measurements {in millimeters) Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegnien Key West, Florida .. . (iS) 15. 2-17.;, 3-3-3-9 4 9-5-7 12. 4-13. 6 4.2-4.5 9 Key West, norida. . . (26) iS.5-20 4.i-4-.i T). 1-6.4 14.8-15.2 4.7-5 Coloration. — rronoluni maroon, Indixidtially suffused with black- ish to varying degrees; bordered laterad and cephalad with warm buff, two rotundato-angulate lateral invasions of this color extend- ing into the disk on each side and one meso-cephalad. l>gmina translucent dresden brown, i)r()ut's brown i)roxiniad at humeral trunk, marginal field warm l)uff. Head marked between the eyes dorsad with warm buff, sometimes there spreading into a band. Abdomen dark, narrowly but conspicuously bordered, indi\idually to varying degrees, with warm buff. Immature examples of the species are everywhere shagreenous above, and uniform, suffused liver brow'n in coloration. As in other species of the l>Iattidae, the insect after moulting, while still very soft, is whitish buff. The species is known in the I'nited States only from the material recorded below. This is a tropical tlomiciliary insect and was found at Key West in a pile of old burlap bags, and in cracks under the stands of a fruit store, in company with Supella supellectiliitm, Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana and Ilolocompsa nitidula. Specimens Examined: 53; iS males, 27 females and 8 immature individuals. Key Largo, Florida. Ill, 1S98, (C. L. Pollard), i 9, [U. S. X. M.|. Key West, Fla.. VIII. 3 to 7, iqi2, (Rehn and Hebard), 18 cf, 26 9, 3 juv. d'y 3 juv. 9. 2 small ju\-., [llL-l)ard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC. 2. 164 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Subfamily BLATTINAE The following features are considered diagnostic. Head with vertex usually exposed. Ocellar spots rarely absent. Tegmina, when present, usually semicoriaceous. Male subgenital plate rotundato-rectangulate and symmetrical, with a pair of slender styles, of equal length, set in similar sockets on the distal margin. Male concealed genitalia very complex. Subgenital plate of female with meso-distal portion valvular; a transverse, weakly arcuate suture bounding these valves proximad. Femora with ventral margins heavily spined. The valvular female subgenital plate, with basal suture of valves transverse arcuate, is a distinctive feature, found only in the Blat- tinae and occurring in all of the species of this subfamily. Shel- ford,-*^*^ following Brunner, however, was not fully correct in his comments on this character, as a valvular female subgenital plate, though different in structure, is characteristic of the genera .4 wa- plecta, Tlolocompsa, Compsodes and Ilomoeogamia, members of the Ectobiinae, Corydiinae and Polyphaginae. We do not, however, conform with Caudell-''^ in merging the Psuedomopinae and Blattinae^^s on the ground that they appear to differ in this feature alone. The present subfamily is in our opinion, fully as satisfactory as the others in the Blattidae. In no case oan these subfamilies be separated by one or two absolutely diagnostic characters, and we are forced to rely rather upon a general appearance of consanguinity added to a certain usual combination of characters. We can not too strongly emphasize the assertion that subfamilies are artificial groupings to facilitate systematic work, and, as they are such, exceptions must be ex- pected. In fact the laws of organic evolution prohibit the devel- opment, within a family like the Blattidae, of subdi\isions, such as we term subfamilies, with distinctions clear cut and constant. The species of the Blattidae are too numerous, and far too many primitive types still sur\ive, for this to be possible. 2«sGcn. Ins., Fasc. 109, Orth., Blattidae, Blattinac, p. i, (1910). 26" Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis., xliv, p. 600, (1913). 268 That author states "I have united Periplanetinae with Blattinae." Instead of Periplanetinae, Pseudomopinae was intended, the equivalent of which has been Phyllo- dromiinae. MORGAN HEBARD I 65 EURYCOTIS Stal 1874. Eurycotis StaK Bih. K. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handk, ii, no. 13, p. 13. The genus includes numerous West Indian and tropical Ameri- can species, but one being found in, and peculiar to, the United States. The present genus is separated from Pelmatosilpha by the more reduced organs of flight. Though this feature is valueless, even for specific separation, in many of the forms of the Pseudomopinae, it apparently constitutes a valid diagnostic character in the pres- ent instance and is, indeed, usually far more important throughout the Blattinae. ^Monographic studies, however, must be undertaken before definite conclusions can be reached. The genus Eurycotis divides into several distinctive groups. ^^^ Genotype, by original designation: Eurycotis ritfovittata [Polyz- [osteria] rufovittata] (Brunner) = Eurycotis mysteca [P[eriplaneta\ mysteca] (Saussure). Generic CJiaracters. —Sexes similar. Width between eyes greater than that between antennal sockets. Pronotum convex, roundly trapezoidal, not covering vertex of head. Tegmina squami- form or quadrate, not extending beyond metanotum and truncate distad. Wings absent, squamiform or greatly reduced. Ventro- cephalic margins of cephalic femora supplied with stout, not very elongate, moderately recurved spines, decreasing slightly in length distad and terminating in three spines, more elongate in increas- ing ratio distad; ventro-caudal margins supplied with few, stout, elongate spines. Other ventral femoral margins supplied with numerous, stout, elongate spines; those of the caudal margins distinctly the longer. External tibial spines tri-seriately arranged. Tarsal joints heavy; metatarsi supplied \-entrad with an elon- gate distal pulvillus, succeding three joints each with \entral sur- face occupied by a large pulvillus. Arolia ample, with dorsal sur- faces chitinous, distal margins feebly convex, truncate. 2" Kirby, misundcrstandini; the degree of tegniinal redui-tion used to .separate Eury- cotis from Pelmatosilpha, incorrectly transfers opara (Brunner) and floridana (Walker) to the latter genus. Syst. Cat. Orth., i, p. 143, (1904)- MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 1 66 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Eurycotis floridana (Walker) (Plate VI, figures ii to 14.) 1868. Peri planeta floridana Walker, Cat. Blatt. Br. Mus., p. 135. [ 9 : St. John's Bluff, east Florida ; North America.] (Pronotum with pale lateral margins, adult.) 1868. Periplaneta scmipida Walker, ibid., p. 141. [cT; St. John's Bluff, east Florida.] (With pale lateral bands, immature.) 1877. Platyzosteria ingens Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xix, p. 92. [3 (f, I 9 ; Fort Reed, Florida.] (Unicolorous blackish red-brown adults.) 1877. Platyzosteria sahalianus Scudder, ibid., p. 93. [2 c? ; Sanford, Florida.] (With pale lateral bands, immature.) The above synonymy has already been fully established. Mis- conception of the value of presence or absence of pale lateral mark- ings in the present species, and error in supposing immature exam- ples to be adult, caused most of the confusion, Scudder, however, was even more at fault, as Walker's names were evidently ignored, while his comparisions at Vienna with Brunner's "types of opaca'' show an additional error. -^*' The present species belongs to the second portion of the genus, which includes the large and heavy species. In linear position, it follows the distinctive E. tibialis and is succeded by E. opaca, to which species it is very closely related. The differences from opaca-'^^ may be summed up as follows. Size averaging smaller, form less robust and surface less rough- ened. Coloration not as nearly solid black. '-^- This insect shows quite decided size variation, irrespective of geographic influences. In the instars preceding maturity, from about half grown to the last, the pronotum, mesonotum and metano- tum are often conspicuously marked laterad with broad pale yel- lowish bands; these are rarely w^eakly indicated, never pronounced, "0 The species was described from a single specimen in the Dohrn Collection at Stettin. "1 1865. P[olyzosteria] opaca Brunner, Nouv. Syst. Blatt, p. 216. [c^, Cuba.] The comparisons here made are based upon the following material, besides the two adventive females recorded on page 267. San Diego de los Banos, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, IV, 22, 1900, (Palmer and Riley), i juv. 9 , [U. S. N. M.]. (Incorrectly recorded as E. floridana by Rehn, in 1909.) Sancti Spiritus, Santa Clara, Cuba, IV, 1904, (H. A. Pilsbry), i 9 , [A. N. S. P.]. Varadero, north coast of Cuba, (J. W. Ross), i cf , [A. N. S. P.]. 2'2 Additional Cuban material will probably make clear other diagnostic feat ures. The material before us, though showing in every case a distinctly different facics from that developed in floridana, is not sufficient to determine whether or not certain features of possible difference are ascribable to individual variation. MORGAN HEBARD I 67 in the adult condition over this region. In this material the gen- eral coloration is rich blackish red-brown. Characters of Male. — (Miami. Florida.) Head large, eyes widely separated, ver- tex rounding evenly into face, which is weakly convex, vertex with three weakly defined, perpendicular sutures, these often obsolete, pale ocellar spots usually suf- fused, a larger pale spot usually present below the antenna! sockets on the genae. Maxillary palpi small; fourth joint distinctly shorter than third, fifth (distal) joint distinctly shorter than fourth. Dorsal surface polished; pronotum and metanotum microscopically punctulate, tegmina cribroso-punctulate, abdomen weakly punctu- late becoming shagreenous distad. Pronotum not strongly convex, this convexity slightly the greatest medio-longitudinally; cephalic margin ver\- weakly convex, with surface there also weakly convex ventrad, rounding evenly into lateral mar- gins, which are moderately convex and divergent to caudal angles, which are mod- erately sharply rounded, the lateral and caudal margins there forming an angle appreciably less than a right-angle; caudal margin very weakly convex, nearly straight. Tegmina subquadrate, extending just beyond caudal margin of mesono- tum; the sutural margins slightly overlapping, or separated by a space of over 2 mm.; costal and sutural margins very weakly convex and subparallel, the former cingulate; distal margin transverse, truncate, occasionally briefly, weakly and roundly {produced at the external angles. Wings absent. Latero-caudal angles of fourth to sixth dorsal abdominal segments produced, in increasing ratio caudad. in slender, sharp, elongate teeth. Supra-anal plate decidedly transverse; lateral margins weakly converging distad, distal margin broadly obtuse-angulate emargi- nate and decidedly hairy, margin of plate, at rather sharply rounded latero-caudal angles, supplied with microscopic, stout, sharp spines; ventral surface of plate thickly studded with such spines. Cerci rather short, with (about ten) weakly defined joints, tapering distad to acute apex; dorsal surface deplanate, ventral sur- , face convex, with lateral margins \ery narrowly and weakly flattened. Genital hook situated sinistro-ventrad in anal chamber, an elongate, slender, flattened, chitinous process which projects caudad, proximad it is horizontally flattened, dis- tad obliquely flattened, there directed dextrad, narrowing and curving toward the apex which is enlarged, flattened, with distal portion feebly produced, convex in outline except ventral margin which is straight, the apex at this margin narrowly produced in a sharp projection. The anal chamber is filled proximad with a com- plexity of lobiform processes, in large part chitinous, from which project mesad two short, sharp, chitinous spikes and a single subchitinous, slightly longer process curved dorsad; dextrad of these an elongate, slender, chitinous process, as long as the genital hook, tapers and curves gently dextrad to its aciculate apex. Sub- genital plate transverse, strongly emarginate meso-laterad, at which points on the margin, in soft sockets, are situated symmetrical, rather stout, very elongate styles, which taper evenly to their acute apices, mesal half of plate produced with margin broadly convex. Limbs and armament of same as given in generic description. Characters of Female. — (Miami, Florida.) Agrees with male in aml)isexual char- acters, difl'ering in the following features. Supra-anal plate more produced; lateral MEM. .\M. EXT. SOC, 2. 1 68 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE margins converging to mesal portion, which is roundly emarginate and not nearly as broad as in male. Subgenital plate of the normal valvular Blattinid type;"' with angles of lateral margins, at transverse basal suture of valves, briefly acute- angulate produced. Measurements {in millimeters) of extremes Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of Length of Length of ffi body prnnotum pronotum tegnien tegnien caudal tibia caudal tarsal joints Miami, Florida .. . 31 9-6 132 6.7 7.7 n 7-7 Miami, Florida .. . 35 iO-4 i5-2 73 8.7 12.4 8.6 9 Billy's Island, Georgia 35 n 15 -3 7-8 8.9 12.5 8 ^ Miami, Florida .. . 30 9.3 i3-9 7-7 8.2 11 7-8 Key West. Florida 31.5 10. i 14 2 7-3 8-5 11 -9 7-7 Key West, Florida 39 ■ 5 1 1 • 8 16.4 8.2 9.3 14 ■ 3 9-2 In the entire series before us, the length of the caudal tarsal joints is contained in the caudal tibia from 141 to 1.65 times. Coloration. — General coloration blackish, tinged with claret brown (intensive), varying to blackish claret brown, this paler on pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum (recessive). The prono- tum is usually immaculate, but sometimes shows traces of lateral paler bands; occasional specimens have a small area there of buffy, tinged with claret brown, while rare specimens have broad lateral bands of ochraceous-orange, tinged laterad with morocco red, this banding again indicated, but not as heavily, in the marginal field of the tegmina and laterad on the metanotum. In specimens of recessive coloration, the head is morocco red, the ocellar areas, face below the antennal sockets and clypeus, ochraceous-buff. The exposed ventral portions of pronotum, mesonotum and metano- tum, ventral surface of thoracic segments and coxae, ochraceous- buff, the coxae lined proximad with deep claret brown. The femora morocco red, the tibiae and tarsi deep claret brown, the pulvilli buffy. The ventral surface of abdomen, of general colora- tion. In the n-iaximum intensive condition, the clypeus and small areas on the ventral surface of the pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum and on the coxae, alone arc buffy. "3 These valves are not completely separated. An expansive integument joins their inner margins; upon this the ootheca rests when partly extruded, the valves gripping its sides. MORGAN HEBARD 1 69 In the immature condition, to the last instars preceding matur- ity, the pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum are very often strikingly and broadly margined laterad with buffy. Immature examples as immaculate as the normal adult are rare, except in the earliest instars. Every degree of variation, from the uniform, to the banded type, is represented in the series before us. The known distribution of the present species is defined by the records given below. These roaches are found in almost every out-door sheltered position, under bark of dead trees, in stumps, under signs and in cavities in the limestone rock of southern Florida and the Florida Keys. Adults only, of both sexes, when alarmed are able to emit a greasy liquid of a most repellent odor, this odor strongly suggesting that of the Hemipteron, Brochymena annulata (Fabricius). Specimens Examined: 86; 18 males, 23 females and 45 immature individuals. St. Simon's Island, Georgia, Mil, 30, 191 1, (Rehn and Hebard; in cavity of live oak, Qnerciis virginiaiia), i cf . i 9 . i juw 9 , [A. X. S. P. and Hebard Cln.]. Billy's Island, Okeefenokee Swamp, Ga., IX, i to 5, 1913, (J. C. Bradley), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Jacksonville, Florida, (\V. T. Davis; in log), I juv. 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Ortega, Fla., IX, 6, 1913, (\V. T. Davis), l juv. d", [Hebard Cln.]. Green Co\e Springs, Fla., (Boardman), i 9. [M. C. Z.]. Levy County, Fla., Ill, (P. Laurent), i d", I juv. d". [Hebard Cln.]. Cedar Keys, Fla.. MIL 15, 1905, (Rehn and Hebard; under bark of fiine log), 2 9 , [A. X. S. P. and Hebard Cln.]. Tampa, Fla., I, 16, 1904, (Hebard; under bark), i cT, 2 9,3 juv. d^, 2 juv. 9., [Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. Lakeland, Fla., XI, 8, 1911, (\V. T. Davis), i juv. 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Inverness, Fla., 1892, (C. i\I. Weed), i ju\-. c?, [Hebard Cln.]. Punta Gorda, Fla., XI, 11, 191 1, (W. T. Davis; climbing about on top of golden- rod at night), I d^, [A. N. S. P.]. Useppa Island, Charlotte Harbor, ¥\i\., \', 17 to 19, 191, S. (Hebard; on ground, in heavy tangle, after dark), i 9. [Hebard Cln.]. Everglade, Fla., I\', 9, 191 2, (\V. T. Davis), 1 d". [Hebard Cln.]. Sanford, Fla., IV, 6, 1875, (top of cabbage palmetto), i juv. d". type of Platyzos- teria sabalidnus Scudder, [M. C. Z.|. Fort Lauderdale, P^la., Ill, i, 1916, (Hebard; juv. occasional under signs on Finns caraibea), 1 juw 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Ojus, Fla., II, 29, 1916, (Hebard; few adults, ju\-. occasional under signs on Finns caraibea), i d^, [Hebard Cln.]. Miami, Fla., II, 2S, 1916, (Hebard; few adults, ju\-. occasional under signs on Finns caraibea), i d^, i juv. 9, i small juv.; Ill, 4, 1916, (Hebard; Musa Isle, MEM. \M. ENT. SOC, 2. 1 70 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE in decaying log of Sabal palmetto), i c? ; HI, 4 to i6, 1915, (Hebard; Brickell's Hammock, trapped, molasses jar, numerous), i cf , 2 9, i juv. o", 2 small juv.; VI, 28, 1899, (H. A. Pilsbry), i 9, [all Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. Snapper Creek Hammock, Dade County, Fla., II. 29, 1916, (Hebard; few juv. in epiphytic bromeliads, Tillandsia fasciculata, on Quercus virginiana, on edge of hammock), i juv. d", [Hebard Cln.]. Homestead, Fla., Ill, 28, 1910, (Hebard; under bark of pine logs), i juv. cT, 2 small juv.; VII, 10 to 12, 191 2, (Rehn and Hebard; one, at night, on pine trunk), I cf, I 9,1 small juv., [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. Detroit, Fla., VII, 12, 1912, (Rehn and Hebard; in epiphyte, Tillandsia fascicu- lata, on Quercus virginiana), i juv. cf, [Hebard Cln.]. Royal Palm Kev, Fla., HI, 3, 1917, (Hebard; common under bark and debris in jungle), icf, i 9, i juv., [Hebard Cln.]. Long Key, Fla., Ill, 13, 1910, (Hebard; under the dry fibers at the base of the heads of cocoanut palms), 4 juv. cf, 2 juv. 9 , 3 small juv., [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. Key West, Fla., I, 18 and 19, 1904, (Hebard; very numerous under limestone boulders in keys scrub), I c^, 2 9 ; HI, 15 and 16, 1910, (Hebard; under boards and limestone boulders), l o^ 7 9, i juv. c^, i juv. 9 , 7 small juv.; VII, 3 to 7, 1912, (Rehn and Hebard; one, at night, climbing in weeds), 2 juv. cf, [Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. Warrington, Fla., VIII, 4, 1903, (A. P. Morse), 4 cf, i 9, [Morse Cln.]. Biloxi, Mississippi, HI, 15, (F. M. Jones), i cf , [A. N. S. P.]. NEOSTYLOPYGA Shelford 191 1. Neostylopyga Shelford, Ent. Rec, xxiii, p. 242. The numerous species of the present genus are tropical in dis- tribution, the majority being found in Africa and the far East. Genotype, by original designation: Neostylopyga rhombifolia [[Blatta] rhombifolia] (Stoll). Generic Characters. — Sexes similar. Tegmina reduced to lateral, squamiform lobes; wings absent. Fifth-^^ dorsal abdominal seg- ment unmodified, not enlarged or declivent."^ External tibial spines tri-seriately arranged. Tarsi with small distal pulvilli, the pulvillus of the fourth (smallest) joint not entirely occupying its ventral surface. Caudal metatarsus longer than the succeeding joints. Arolia moderately large, truncate distad. "4 Shelford, in the Genera Insectorum, has given "sixth" dorsal abdominal segment, due to the fact that he counted the median segment as the first. "5 An enlarged and declivent type of this segment is characteristic of females of the Old World genus Pseudoderopellis. MORGAN HEBARD I7I Neostylopyga rhombifolia (StoU) (Plate VI, figure 15.) 1S13. [Blatta] rlioDibifolia StoU. Natuur. Afbeeld. Beschr. Spoken etc., Kakker- lakken, p. 5, register p. 14, pi. Illd, fig. 13. [Apparently an immature female; no locality given.] Stoll's figure shows plainly the distinctive color pattern of the species. The established synonyms are Periplaneta histrio Saus- siire, Periplaneta decorata Brunner and Polyzosteria heterospila Walker. This is a large roach, shining brownish black in general colora- tion, beautifully marbled with yellowish-buff (pi. \T, fig. 15). The color pattern and brief lateral tegminal pads readily distin- guish the insect from any other species found in the regions under consideration. Characters of Male. — (Moschi, Kilimanjaro, East Africa. ^"^) Size moderately large, form stout. Head much as in Periplaneta americana, but with ocellar areas forming a slightly less obtuse angulation with the interocellar area, ocellar spots very weakl>- indicated. Pronotum weakly convex, yet showing extensive but weak lateral and meso-caudal flattening; margin above head straight, transverse, thence con\-ex divergent to latero-caudal angles, which are rectangulate and sharply rounded; caudal margins of pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum, straight, trans- verse. Tegmina small, lateral pads, extending to slightly beyond caudal margin of mesonotum; surface shining, minutely punctulate, with humeral trunk alone distinct; costal and sutural margins subparallel, each showing a faint convexity, distal margin rounded with apex nearer the costal margin. Wings absent. Dorsal surface of abdomen unspecialized, latero-caudal angles of segments briefly acute- angulate produced caudad, the degree of production slightly increasing caudad. Supra-anal plate chitinous only in very narrow proximal portion, remaining pro- duced portion formed by a delicate whitish integument with free margin convex except mesad, where a deep acute-angulate emargination, with straight, convergent sides, extends fully half the distance to the base of the delicate portion.-" Sub- genital plate small, free margin briefly convex, transverse to base of styles, between these broadly convexo-truncate. Styles symmetrical, very elongate, slender, cylin- drical processes, slightly longer than length of subgenital plate, set in sockets on free margin of the plate at lateral bases of the slightly produced mesal portion. Limbs elongate and slender. Cephalic femora with ventro-cephalic margins armed with a row of heavy and moderately elongate spines, terminating distad in three 2"^ The exotic series before us, of some forty specimens, shows a very decided pre- ponderance of females. Though several immature males are included, this is the only adult of the sex available. -"" The texture and form of this delicate integument shows a general similarity to that found in males of Periplaneta americana, though in that species both production and emargination are much more decided. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 172 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE longer spines, in strongly increasing length ratio, few spines on ventro-caudal mar- gin; median and caudal femora furnished with a single, long, genicular spine and with ventral margins supplied with heavy, elongate spines. Arolia present. Characters of Female. — (Nogales, Arizona.) Agrees with male except in following features. Size large, form stouter. Head and pronotum in consequence propor- tionately broader. Supra-anal plate strongly tectate, with a medio-longitudinal ridge; lateral margins straight, convergent to deep median angulate-emargination, with straight sides, distal apices of plate acute. Subgenital plate as typical for the Blattinae. Measurements in {millimeters) -, Length of ^ body Length of w i- concave, the plate at this margin becoming subchitinous, particularly mesad. Cerci deplanate dorsad; lateral margins feebly crenate, converging distad to the acute apex. Within the anal chamber sinistrad, a flattened, chitinous shaft extends caudad, narrowing to its least width at base of distal portion; this portion bent dorsad, flattened, broad, tapering to the sharply rounded apex, with a small proximo-sinistral thorn, curving inward. The chamber is nearly filled with chitin- ous plates which converge mesad, from between which a paired, aciculate, chitinous projection is directed sinistrad, and a recurved, slender, chitinous spine is directed caudad. 283 Subgenital plate transverse, convex to distal margin, where it is nar- rowly concave; lateral margins brief, weakly convex produced to the distinct style sockets, distal margin between these broadly convex. ^^^ Styles set in sockets on the free margin at the latero-caudal angles, very slender, cylindrical processes of equal length and thickness, each as long as distance from socket to base of sub- genital plate. Limbs and armament of same as given in generic description. No arolia present. 282 A full bibliography of such work is given by Bordas in his " Recherches anatomiques histologiques et physiologiques sur les organes appendiculaires de Tappareil reproducteur femelle des Blattes {Periplaneta orientalis L.)." Ann. Sci. Nat., 9 serie, Zool., ix, p. 71 to 121, (1909). 283 The other plates and projections being likewise movable, but more liable to assume different positions when drying, we find that, in dried material, their significant angles and projections are frequently concealed. Examination of living material would be neces- sary to determine their normal position, while, to determine their form in dried material, elaborate and destructive dissections would be imperative. In the Blattinae these organs would undoubtedly be found most interesting in struc- ture and of diagnostic value, their general character probably being of decided generic diagnostic value, but, in cases where species can be differentiated without this aid, the genital hook should best alone be considered. 28' This convexity sometimes shows a feebly angulate condition. Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen 20-24 5-7-6.3 7 1-7 -9 II .9-16.7 5-6.7 18-23 6. 1-7. 1 8 . 2-9 . 6 4 . 8-6 . 8 2.8-4.2 MORGAN HEBARD I 75 Characters of Female. — (Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania.) Agrees with male except in the following features. Form decidedly stout. Head slightly broader, inter- ocular space wider and distinctly greater than interantennal space, ocelli repre- sented by small spots. Pronotum larger, evenly convex, with greatest width near caudal margin, which is straight transverse. ^^^ Tegmina small, ovate-lanceolate, lateral pads, reaching only slightly beyond mesal portion of metanotum. Wings absent. Supra-anal plate strongly tectate, with a medio-longitudinal ridge; sub- triangular in outline, with lateral margins weakly convex and apex decidedly angu- late-emarginate. Cerci slightly stouter, with lateral margins scarcely crenate. Subgenital plate \alvular, as typical for the Blattinae (see pi. vii. fig. 9). Measiireiuenls {in millimeters) Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania. cT (21) 9 (2?,) These extremes are not exceeded by any of the other specimens before us and are evidently due to individual variation. Coloration. — d^ . General color shining blackish chestnut brown, limbs chestnut to sanford's brown, ventral surface of abdomen becoming burnt sienna mesad. Ocelli buffy. 9 . General color shining blackish brown with a faint chestnut tinge, this more pronounced on the limbs. Ocellar spots buffy. Rarely paler females occur, approximating the normal general coloration of the males, while a few males before us are as dark as the normal females. Ootheca large, carried with suture dorsad; lateral surfaces con- vex, microscopically shagreenous, with feeble depressions indi- cated toward the suture, which define the egg sacks within; ventral margin weakly convex, sutural margin weakly concave. Suture high, delicate, transparent, with linear, oblique divisions showing laterad ; above showing a series of ridges, which form a succession of horseshoe-shaped links, these feebly ascending caudad, with caudal margins, in consequence, briefly perpendicular. ■-■^5 Throughout the Blattidae reduction in the organs of Hight is accompanied by a broadening of the pronotum, its point of greatest width moving caudad and the caudal margin becoming increasingly transverse. These features develop in absolutely pro- portionate ratio, and recognition of this fact is of great importance to the systematist. MEM. .-\.M. ENT. SOC. 2. 176 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE This cosmopolitan, domiciliary pest has been spread by com- merce over all but the most northern portions of the United States. It has been recorded in Canada only from Toronto and Sarnia, Ontario. As is the case with Blattella germanica, its greatest abundance on this Continent appears to be reached in the central latitudes of the United States. In infested houses about Phil- adelphia it appears in swarms during the month of May, coinci- dent with the arrival of the shad in the Delaware River, and in consequence is locally known as the Shad Roach. Specimens Examined: loi; 48 males, 45 females and 8 immature individuals. New Haven, Connecticut, i 9 , [A. N. S. P.]. Camden, New Jersey, VII, 17, 1904, (G. M. Greene), i 9 , [A. N. S. P.]. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, V, 4 to VI, 20, 1896 and 1914, (majority E. R. Casey), 7 d^, 8 9, I juv. d', I juv. 9, [A. N. S. P.]. Chestnut Hill, Pa., V, 3 to 10, 1914, (Hebard; in kitchen), 21 d", 23 9,1 juv. d, [Hebard Cln.]. Harrisburg, Pa., VI, 10 to VII, 6, (at light), 5 o^, 25 9, [Pa. State Dept. Zool. Cln.]; X, 14, 1916, (E. Daecke), i 9 with ootheca, [Daecke Cln.]. Erie, Pa., i cf, i juv. 9, [Pa. State Dept. Zool. Cln.]. Raleigh, North Carolina, VI, 4 to middle of VIII, (Brimley; Foster), 2 cf , 2 9, [Brimley and Cornell Univ. Clns.]. Southern Pines, N. C, VII, 5 and 9, 1915, (A. H. Manee), 2 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Johnson City, Tennessee, VIII, 27, 1903, {A. P. Morse), 3 juv. cf , [Morse Cln.]. Decatur, Alabama, (B. Shimek), 3 d^, [Hebard Cln.]. Madison, Wisconsin, VI, 16 to VII, 9, 3 d", 3 9 , [Wise. Agr. Exp. Sta. Cln.]. St. Anthony Park, Minnesota, IV, 2, 1896, i juv. d", [Hebard Cln.]. Iowa City, Iowa, IX, 24 and XI, 19, 1908 and 1915, (M. P. Somes), i d^, I 9, [Somes Cln.]. Hamburg, la., IX, 5, 1914, (M. P. Somes), i juv. d^, [Somes Cln.]. Mountain Grove, Missouri, VIII, 14, 1916, (for Somes), i d', [Somes Cln.]. Lincoln, Nebraska, VI and VIII, {d at light), i d", i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Denver, Colorado, HI, 21, (Beale), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Denton, Texas, V, 28, 1906, (F. C. Bishopp), i d, [U. S. N. M.]. Marathon, Tex., 3940 feet, VIII, 26, 1912, (Rehn and Hebard), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Alamogordo, New Mexico, (von Krockow), 2 d, [A. M. N. H.]. Grand Canyon, Arizona, i d, [Bklyn. Inst.]. Prescott, Ariz., VII, 14, 1904, (R. E. Kunze), i d", i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Nogales, Ariz., VI, 20, 1903, (E. J. Oslar), i d, [U. S. N. M.]. Redlands, California, I, 20, 1899, 2 d, [U. S. N. M.]. Los Angeles, Cal., VII, 1886, i c^, [Hebard Cln.]. MORGAN HEBARD I 77 PERIPLANETA Burmeister 1838. Periplaneta Burmeister, Handb. Ent., ii, abth. ii, pt. i, p. 502. 1864. Cacerlaca Saussure, Mem. Hist. Nat. Max., Orth., p. 69. The present genus includes numerous species, three of which are generally distributed over the warmer regions of the Earth; these three were included with the original description, two others there given being later placed in other genera. The genus shows its greatest specific numerical abundance in Asiatic and African regions. Genotype: Periplaneta americana [Blatta americana] (Lin- naeus), selected by Kirby in 1890.-*'*' Generic Characters. — Sexes similar. Antennae very long and slender. Pronotum convex, deflexed laterad, roundly trapezoidal, not covering vertex of head. Latero-caudal angles of mesonotum, and metanotum not produced as slender, membranous processes.-^' Tegmina coriaceous, usually extending beyond the apex of the abdomen ;-«« veins of discoidal and scapular fields, excepting the heavy humeral trunk, equally distinct and frequently branching, the whole radiating and with division between the discoidal and scapular fields not defined beyond the middle portion of the tegmen. Wings with anterior field semi-coriaceous; area of costal veins moderately broad, with costal veins frequently forking; median vein obsolete proximad ; ulnar vein with few, brief, irregular, in- complete rami proximad, forking into many complete distal rami, most of which show subsequent furcation; axillary vein with numerous straight rami. Cerci elongate. IVIale subgenital plate symmetrical, with similar, elongate, slender styles, situated in sym- metrical sockets latero-distad. Limbs elongate and slender. Ceph- alic femora with ventro-cephalic margins armed with a row of heavy, moderately elongate spines, which are slightly longest meso- proximad and are terminated distad by three spines, more elongate in increasing ratio distad; other ventral femoral margins supplied with heavy, elongate spines, these least numerous on the caudal -*•' Sci. Proc. R. Dublin Soc, vi, p. 562. -*' Such productions are diagnostic for inalos of the genus Pseudoderopcltis, wliich are otherwise similar to males of Periplaneta; the females of that genus, however, show very great differences from the opposite sex. -** The tegmina are usually slight !>■ longer in males than in females. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 1 78 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE margins of the cephalic femora and showing the greatest length on the caudal margins of the median and caudal femora. Ex- ternal tibial spines tri-seriately arranged. Tarsi very elongate; first four joints each supplied with a small distal pulvillus. Arolia small, truncate distad. Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus) (Plate VII, figures 3 to 11.) 1758. [Blatta] americana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, p. 424. [America.] 1773. Blatta kakkerlac DeGeer, Mem. I'Hist. Ins., iii, p. 535, pi. 44, figs, i, 2 (cf), 3 (9). [Meridional South America, [Surinam].] 1901. Periplaneta americana colorata Rehn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, x.\vii, p. 220. [ 9 (nee cT), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.] DeGeer admittedly gave the name kakkerlac to the species de- scribed by Linnaeus as americana. Shelford has shown-^^ that the types of americana and other species collected by Rolander and described by Linnaeus, probably belonged to DeGeer, and were subsequently again described by that author. Thus we may safely assume that, though Linnaeus' description of americana is extremely unsatisfactory, the characters described and shown in the figures of the synonymous kakkerlac by DeGeer, fix the species' identity beyond doubt. The specimen described as americana colorata by Rehn, is before us. It is clearly a mere color variant, with marginal caudal band of pronotum as normal in P. brunnea, and is not worthy of name recognition. The established synonyms of the present species are Blatta kakkerlac DeGeer, Blatta aurelianensis Fourcr., Blatta siccijolia and aiirantiaca StoU, Periplaneta stolida Walker and Periplaneta americana variety colorata Rehn. This is a large, shining, reddish brown insect, with paler pronotum showing two large, but weakly defined, spots meso-cephalad and a marginal suffusion caudad of the general darker coloration. It is the largest of the North American species of the genus, having the most decidedly caudate organs of flight, agreeing rather closely in coloration with brunnea, but normally with pronotum showing the paired meso-cephalic blotches more decided and the marginal caudal l)and and lateral suffusion less intense. In l^oth species, -**^ Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1907, p. 456, (1908). MORGAN HEBARD I 79 however, decided color variation occurs and occasionally size varia- tion makes it necessary to examine material carefully before def- initely correct determinations can be given for females. The two other North American species of the genus, aiistralasiae and Jidiginosa, show distinctive features, not only of structure, but of coloration as well. Characters of Male. — (Yuma, Arizona.) Size large, form stout. Head elongate;-^" interocular space narrow, less than one millimeter in width, interocellar area form- ing an obtuse angle with ocellar areas; ocelli pale and distinct. Pronotum weakly convex, the convexity more decided narrowly laterad, disk with broad but shallow oblique sulci; margin above head transverse, thence lateral margins are divergent and weakly convex to slightly beyond mesal point, thence weakly convergent and convex to caudal angles, caudal margin broadly convex; all angles very broadly rounded. Tegmina and wings elongate and fully developed. Dorsal surface of abdomen unspecialized, with latero-caudal angles not produced and bluntly rounded. Supra-anal plate entirely subchitinous, represented by a hyaline mantle which extends for half its length beyond the subgenital plate, lateral margins weakly con- vergent and weakly convex to an acute angulate median emargination, which ex- tends about one-third the distance to the base of the plate, apices of extremities thus formed rounded. Styles very elongate and tapering to very slender apices. Sinistrad within the anal chamber, an elongate, stout, chitinous arm extends cau- dad, with apex acute and curved dorsad and bearing on its distal face a minute, narrow, subchitinous flange; dorsad, just before the distal extremity, another short, acute projection occurs, directed distad. Above this arm a partially chitinous projection, of equal length, is directed dextrad, with swollen, transverse, chitinous apex giving it the form of a rounded T. Dextrad within the anal chamber, ceph- alad of a rounded, chitinous lobe, project dorsad two processes, directed sinistrad, which are connected at their bases, these taper evenly to their aciculate apices, with dorsal margin of dorsal process sharply serrate. At the base of this organ and hidden by the lobe, are very complex, convolute, soft processes with a slender, curved, chitinous process wound about their base. Subgenital plate small, trans- verse, free margin moderately convex to style sockets, between these broadly trans- verse; styles symmetrical, very elongate, slender, cylindrical processes, over twice the length of the subgenital plate. Limbs elongate and slender. Characters of Female. — (Decatur, Alabama.) .Agrees with male except in the following features. Form stouter. Head and [jrunotum in consequence propor- tionately broader, interocular space nearK two millinu'ters wide. Ocellar area not as strongly defined, but ocelli eciualh^ distinct. Pronotum much more evenly con\ex, with discal sulci subobsolete. Tegmina and wings le.ss elongate, extend- ing to apices of cerci. Sui)ra-anal plate weakly tectate, entirely chitinous, lateral -'" The head is found to be decidedly shorter in some individuals, in such being much nearer the normal t>pe found in P. brnnnea. MEM. .\M. ENT. SOC, 2. i8o NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE margins convergent and weakly convex to an acute-angulate median emargination, which extends nearly half the distance to base of plate. Subgenital plate as typi- cal for the Blattinae (pi. VII, fig. 9). Measurements {in millimelers) cf Length Length of of pro- body notum Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 29.7 7.6 Thomasville, Georgia 30.2 8.2 Thomasville, Georgia 34-2 9.6 Big Pine Key, Florida 29 . 3 8.2 Big Pine Key, Florida 33 . 3 9.3 Yuma, Arizona 32.2 8.4 9 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 29.5 7.9 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 28 8.4 Key West, Florida 31.6 9.4 Decatur, Alabama 31.8 8 Shovel Mountain, Texas . . 34 9.4 Tucson, Arizona 27 . 8 8.4 Width of pro- notum 9.1 9.8 II-3 10.3 II-3 10.2 9-7 II .2 II. 8 II-3 II .2 10.8 Length of tegmen 29.6 31 35 30 35 30 239 25 28.4 27.2 27.2 23-9 Width of tegmen 9.2 9-9 II . I 9.8 10.4 9-4 8.7 9-3 10.6 9-7 9-7 8.3 Length of cercus 6.4 7 7-1 6.7 7 6.3 4-9 5-8 6.9 6.4 6.4 6 Length of cau- dal tibia II 12.2 14-3 131 13.2 13 The considerable size differences are due entirely to individual variation. Depauperate females sometimes closely resemble that sex of brunnea, the supra-anal plate is, however, always more deeply emarginate meso-distad and the cerci, though varying greatly in length, are always more slender distad. Coloration. — Head with occiput chestnut, shading to blackish brown between eyes; face chestnut, shading laterad and on clypeus to ochraceous- tawny, ocelli buffy. Pronotum antimony yellow, with two very large blotches of chestnut, which fuse caudad and extend to margin of pronotum cephalo-laterad ; caudal margin of pronotum margined with a slightly darker shade of chestnut, the lateral margins very narrowly outlined in this color; all of these markings shading gradually into the paler ground color. Teg- mina and greater portion of anterior field of wings transparent, chestnut brown, except proximad on tegmina, where a deeper tone makes this portion translucent. Dorsal surface of abdomen antimony yellow, heavily washed with sanford's brown. Supra- anal plate of male transparent and colorless. Limbs ochraceous- buff, becoming tawny distad, spines tawny. In specimens of reces- MORGAN HEBARD l8l sive coloration the pronotal blotches are tawny and greatly re- duced. In rare specimens of the maximum intensive coloration these spots, fusing, leave only narrow areas of the pale basic col- oration showing latero-caudad. The young of this species are almost uniform pale brown in col- oration, the darker markings very weakly indicated. Ootheca. — A stout quadrato-ovate capsule; 7.8 by 5.2 mm. in one example before us. This shows, on its polished but micro- scopically roughened surface, weak, vertical indentations between the egg cells, toward the conspicuous sutural ridge. This ridge is very narrow, but bears along its free margin regularly placed, chit- inous, transverse, circular disks separated by a distance about the width of an egg cell. The present domiciliary species thrives both in tropical and mild climates over the entire world. In the United States it is certainly established farther north than any of the other species of the genus, but, as it is being continually transported by com- merce beyond its native northern limit, it is a difficult matter to state just how far northward it is permanently established. In the more northern states, however, we feel certain that records of the insect should be considered adventive. It is undoubtedly firmly established as far northward as New York City. South of the United States the species is found generally over the continent and adjacent islands. Specimefis Examined: ^2\ 30 males, 18 females and 4 immature specimens. New York, New York, I to XI, (W. T. Davis; in Zoo Reptile House and else- where), I a", 2 ?, [Davis Cln.]; VI. 1903. (T. D. O'Connor), 3 d^, [Hebard Cln.]. Philadelphia, Pennsyhania, I, 14 to X, 12, 1908 to 1916, 6 cf, 3 9, [-A- N. S. P. and Hebard Cln.]. Raleigh, North Carolina, III, 5, 1909, i d', [N. C. Dept. Agr. Cln.]. Washington, N. C \'I. 15, 1905. (G. M. Bentley), i 9. [X. C. Dept. .\gr. Cln.]. Asheville, N. C, \', i 9 . [Cornell Univ. Cln.]. Thomasville, Georgia. \'I, 17, 1903, (for Hebard), 2 d^, [Hebard Cln.]. Lakeland, Florida, XI, 7, i()ii, (\V. T. Davis; in hotel), I cf, [Davis Cln.]. Big Pine Key, Fla., \'I, 1904. (II. W. Fowler), i d^, [A. N. S. P.]; \'II, 6. 1912, (Rehn and Hebard; abundant in quarter-boat at Pine Channel), i d^, [Hebard Cln.]. Key West, Fla., \'II, 4. i<)i2, (Rehn and Hebard; numerous in refuse under fruit stands), i d\ [Hebard Cln.]. Decatur, Alabama. (B. Shimek), i d", 2 9, [Hebard Cln.]. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. I 182 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Ship Island, Mississippi, (Lewis), i 9, [A. N. S. P.]. New Orleans, Louisiana, VL 29, 1916, (Lutz and Rehn) i cf , [A. M. N. H.]. Decatur, Texas, IX, 19, 1914, 2 d", [Davis Cln.]. Shovel Mountain, Burnet County, Tex., X, 16, 1901, (F. G. Schaupp), i o", 2 9 , [A. N. S. P.]. Cuero, Tex., X, 30, 1910, 2 &, 3 9, i juv. d', i juv. 9, 2 small juv., [Cornell Univ. Cln.]. Tucson, Arizona, VII, 23, 1907, (Rehn and Hebard; at light), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Phoenix, Ariz., IV, 22, 1902, (E. J. Oslar), i cf , [A. N. S. P.]. Florence, Ariz., VIII, 10 to IX, 18, 1903, (C. R. Biederman), 3 c?, [A. N. S. P.]. Yuma, Ariz., VII, 27, 1907 and X, i, 1910, (Rehn and Hebard; at light), 2 d', [A. N. S. P. and Hebard Cln.]. Imperial, California, VIII, 10, 1914, (J. C. Bradley), i 9, [Cornell Univ. Cln.]. Los Angeles, Cal., VII, 1886, i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister (Plate VI I, figures 12 to 16.) 1838. P{eriplaneta] hriinnea Burmeister, Handb. Ent., ii, abth. ii, pt. i, p. 503. [cf, 9: Chile; Demerara [ = British Guiana].] 1892. P[en>/aHf/a] /nmcata Krauss, Zool. Anzeig., XV, p. 165. [d, 9 : Tenerit^e; Brazil; New Britain.] Krauss, evidently relying upon a manuscript name of Brunner's, without further reference to the literature, erected the evident synonym, truncata. This synonymy was indicated by Kirby in 1904.'^^ The species has been generally correctly recorded in the litera- ture; unfortunately, however, North American material of P. Juliginosa has been regularly assigned to the present species by Caudell, Rehn and Hebard, two records by the latter authors, however, being correct. The species is easily determined from the male genital features; agreeing much more closely, however, with Juliginosa and P. aus- tralasiae than with the distinctive P. americana. With the latter species, however, females might easily be confused, the features separating these species in that sex being much less marked, as discussed under americana, and the coloration being of the same general character and occasionally very similar. The insect in size averages smaller than americana, with tegmina and wings not as elongate, particularly in the male sex; the paired 2»' Syn. Cat. Orth., i, p. 142. MORGAN HEBARD 1 83 pronotal blotches are usually less conspicuous, due in part to the normally more deeply colored suffusion at the caudal margin of the pronotum, and the more extensive dark coloration of its lateral margins. Great individual variability in the extent and intensity of these markings, however, sometimes occurs in both species, this wholly ascribable to intensification and recession of the color pattern. Characters of Male. — (Jewfish, Florida.) Size large, but not as large as ameri- cana: form stout. Head short and broad; interocular space broad, about one and one-half millimeters in width; ocellar areas forming obtuse angles with intcrocellar area, ocelli pale and distinct. Pronotum very weakly convex mesad, the sides weakly but distinctly deflexed laterad from the discal area and showing a very weak concavit}-, oblique sulci of disk subobsolete; form as in americana, but not as deep, with caudal angles not as broadly rounded. Tegmina and wings elongate, but not as much so as in americana, fully developed. Dorsal surface of abdomen with median segment showing a broad and shallow- concave sulcus meso-cephalad, in which is situated a heavy tuft of silky hairs, the more cephalic form a fringe directed caudad, the much larger remainder spring from the medio-longitudinal line and form heavy fringes directed latero-caudad. Four proximal dorsal abdominal seg- ments with latero-caudal angles very sharply rounded;-'- fifth and sixth with these angles weakly acute-angulate produced in increasing ratio caudad, the latter with caudal margin showing a broad convexity meso-laterad on each side and a broad and shallow angulate emargination mesad; seventh and eighth concealed. Supra- anal plate entirely chitinous, surface shallowly concave; roughly trapezoidal in form, with disto-lateral angles broadly rounded and distal margin showing a weak convexity. Cerci moderately elongate, not as attenuate distad as in americana, but with apex acute. Sinistrad within the anal chamber, an elongate, slender, chitinous arm extends caudad, curving dorsad toward the apex, which itself is flat- tened and terminated in a thorn, curved dextrad; near the base of this not extensive distal, flattened portion, on its dorsal margin, is situated a smaller thorn, feebly curved sinistrad. Above this is situated a very elongate chitinous process, directed dextrad, with elongate, straight, aciculate apex; this process bears proximo-dorsad a small, elongate lobe, also directed dextrad. Three other short, stout, curved, chitinous, thorn-like processes occur, one dorso-mesad, the other two dextrad, springing from convolute, chitinous structures. Subgenital plate similar to that of americana, except that the broad transverse mesal portion of the free margin shows a weak mesal emargination and the styles are about as long as the plate. Limbs elongate and slender. Characters of Female. — (Bilk's Island, Georgia.) Much like this sex of americana, difi"ering from the male in the same features. When compared with females of -^- Sometimes a slight production of these angles is present, while in some specimens they are more nearly acute than in others. MEM. .\M. ENT. SOC, 2. 1 84 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE americana, the head is seen to be decidedly shorter,^^^ the pronotum in proportion not as long.29^ the supra-anal plate smaller, with meso-distal emargination less de- cided and cerci less elongate and less attenuate distad. Measurements {in millimeters) Length Length Width Length Width Length Length -^ of of pro- of pro- of of of of eau- ^ body notum notum tegmen tegmen cercus dal tibia Thomasville, Georgia 28.5 7.9 10.8 29.9 9.9 4-9 ii-9 Everglade, Florida 26.5 6.7 9 24.3 8.5 4.9 9.7 Everglade, Florida 27 7.2 9.7 27.3 8.9 5 li Jewfish, Florida 25.1 7.1 10.3 27 9.2 4.7 10.2 Katherine, Texas 25.2 7 9.6 26.8 9.1 4.3 9-4 9 Billy's Island, Georgia. .. . 28.5 7.9 10.8 23.8 9.3 51 iO-9 Fort Myers, Florida 33 8.9 11. 7 26.5 10 5-8 12.3 Everglade, Florida 29.7 8.3 10.6 24.9 9.5 5-4 ii-2 Large exotic series before us show that individual size differences of moderate degree are frequent. In series of females from the same locality, decided differences are also found in pronotal ampli- tude. The differences in average tegminal length between the sexes is much less in bninnea than in americana. Coloration. — In general coloration this insect agrees very nearly with americana, differing chiefly in the following features. Head with entire occiput dark chestnut brown, this extending to ventral margin of interocellar area. Pronotum with dark blotches usually not as decided, but with caudal margin more heavily suffused with blackish brown, this continued as a narrow peripheral margin about the pronotum. Outlines of these darker markings as vague as in americana. Intensification and recession of this color pattern is quite as decided as in americana and, in consequence, the normal color differences between the two species are sometimes obliterated. This domiciliary insect is apparently more nearly peculiar to the tropics and adjacent regions than americana. It is circum- tropical in distribution and from the exotic material at hand would appear to be the most abundant species of the genus, at least in tropical America. The records given below define the known dis- tribution of the species in the United States. An additional record 293 The length of the head, however, tliougli normalK- nuuli greater in americana, is found to vary to a surprising degree in that species. -" Enough individual variation, however, occurs in the pronotal size and form to make this character true only for the majority, not all, of the specimens compared. MORGAN HEBARD I 85 from i\sheville, North Carolina, we have placed in the adventive list, as we do not believe the species can become established in as cold a climate. Specimens Examined: 40; 22 males, 12 females and 6 immature indi\-iduals. Billy's Island, Okeefenokee Swamp, (".eorsia, \'I, iQi^. (J- C. Bradley), i 9, [A. N. S. P.]. Thomasville, Ga., I\', i, 1903, (Hebard), i o\ [Hebard Cln.]. Hastings, Florida, III, i to XI, 4, 1901, (A. J. Brown), 3 cf , 4 9, [Morse Cln.]. Lakeland, Fla., (G. G. Ainslie), i o^, [Hebard Cln.]. La Belle, Fla.. IV, 27, 1912, (\V. T. Davis), i cT, [Davis Cln.]. Fort Myers. Fla., I\', i, igi2, (W. T. Davis; at light), i 9. [Hebard Cln.]. Punta Gorda, Fla.. XI. 15, 191 1. (W. T. Davis), i juv. 9, [Davis Cln.]. Everglade, Fla., I\' and \'. 191^. (W. T. Davis), 5 d^, i 9, [Davis Cln.]. Miami, Fla., HI. 10, 1917, (Hebard; in warehouse), 4 cf , 3 ?• ,=1 j"^-'- lU- 18, 1917, (for Hebard; in warehouse), 5 cf , 2 9, [Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. Jewfish, Fla., VII, 11, 1912, (Rehn and Hebard), i o", [Hebard Cln.]. Katherine, Willacy County, Texas, VIII, 8, 1912, (Rehn and Hebard; in sta- tion), I d", [Hebard Cln.]. Periplaneta australasiae (Fabricius) (Plate VII, figures 17 to 19.) 1775. [Blalta] austnilaside Fabricius, Syst. Ent., p. 271. ["In nave e mare Pacifico et regionibus incognitis revertente."] In the present distinctive species the pronotal color pattern is the same as in P. americana and P. brunnea; unlike those species, however, the outline of the darker markings is very sharply defined. In coloration the species further differs from any other of the genus found in America, in having the tegmina strikingly paler in their marginal fields than elsewhere. The established synonyms of the present species are Blatta dom- mgensis Beauvois, Periplaneta zonata Haan and Periplaneta re- panda, siibcincta, incliisa, emittens and siibornata, all of Walker. In considering the position of this species, the coloration and unspecialized median section of the male supra-anal plate would suggest decidedly closer relationship to P. bruiniea than to P. fuliginosa; the form of the greatly specialized male genital hook, howe\er, is much nearer the type found in the latter species. Characters of Male. — (Homestead, Florida.) Size large, form stout; but more graceful than in brunnea. Head much as in brunnea, but not as full; with inter- ocular space slightlx- les- than one and one-half millimi'ters in width. Pronotum .much as in bru)nica. but proportitjnalely less amijle and deepi'r, without traces ot discoidal sulci and with weakly deflexed sides rounding more gradualK into the MEM. .\M. ENT. SOC. 2. 1 86 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE weakly convex mesal area. Tegmina and wings elongate and fully developed, not as broad proportionately as in brunnea. Dorsal surface of abdomen with median segment specialized as in brunnea, but with sulcus somewhat deeper and silky hairs of mesal tuft shorter. Other dorsal abdominal segments much as in brunnea, caudal margin of sixth showing weaker lateral convexity and very shallow, mesal, angulate emargination. Supra-anal plate entirely chitinous.^^^ surface weakly depressed in a weakly arcuate line between cereal bases; lateral margins concave and convergent to the broad, transverse distal margin, latero-caudal angles thus formed subrectan- gulate and almost acute; production of plate slightly greater than in brunnea. Cerci much as in that species, slightly more elongate and a very little more slender. Sinistrad within the anal chamber, an elongate, slender, flattened-cylindrical, chiti- nous arm extends caudad, showing arcuation ventrad, but distad curving dorso- sinistrad and narrower in this portion preceding the apical portion, to which it is subequal in length; apical portion straight, as wide as shaft before its dorsad curva- ture, three and one-half times as long as broad, flattened spatulate and scarcely narrowing to the broadly rounded apex, dorsad at the base of this apical portion is situated a sharp, recurved thorn. ^^^ Above this, a heavy chitinous arm is directed sinistrad, distad it is flattened and the dorsal and ventral margins, which are sub- chitinous and microscopically serrate, are straight, convergent to the acute apex. IMesad a very slender, almost straight, aciculate, chitinous process is directed dex- trad, while sinistrad a large chitinous lobe is found, with caudal face deplanate and distal margin arcuato-angulate. Subgenital plate similar to that of americana, except that the emarginations at the style sockets are more decided, the broad trans- verse mesal portion of the free margin shows a marked mesal emargination and the styles are about as long as the length of the plate, thus a further specialization of the type found in brunnea is shown. Characters of Female. — (Big Pine Key, Florida.) The distinctive coloration of pronotum and tegmina, alike in both sexes of the present species, serves best to distinguish the female of this insect. Compared with the male, this sex is found to be larger and more robust, with pronotum proportionately even deeper and more evenly convex in contour and outline. Tegmina and wings proportionately less elongate, showing a moderate contrast between the sexes. Supra-anal plate with mesal emargination similar to that of brunnea. Subgenital plate as typical for the Blattinae. Measurements {in niillimctcrs) Length Length Width Length Width Length Length Cf of of of of of of of body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen ccrcus caudal tibia Orlando, Florida 25 6.9 8.7 26.2 8.4 5.2 10 Everglade, Florida 23.6 6.2 8.3 24.8 7.9 4.6 9.4 Homestead, Florida 25.5 7.2 9.3 26.3 8.4 5.1 10.2 •^^ Frequently the texture of the plate is found to be more delicate toward the distal margin, this sometimes extending in a medio-longitudinal line suggesting sulcation. -'•"^ The distal portion of this process is consequently shaped much like a boat-hook, with blunt point. In this feature australasiae shows marked affinity to the otherwise very different P. fuliginosa. MORGAN HEBARD 1 87 Length Length Width Length Width Length Length 9 of of of of of of of body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen cercus caudal tibia Tampa, Florida 24.3 8.1 10. i 22.9 8.7 5.9 10.3 Miami, Florida 29 8.7 1 1. 4 25.7 9.7 — — Big Pine Key. Florida. .. . 27.5 8.8 1 1.4 25.3 9.3 5.9 11. 7 Key West, Florida 26 7.8 10 23.7 8.8 5.8 10.2 Similar differences to those discussed under bruyinea, due to in- dividual ^•ariation, are also found in this species. Coloration. — The present insect, though showing a type of pronotal color pattern analogous to that found in americana and bninnea, is much more striking and beautiful, due to the greater intensity of the dark markings and their sharply defined margins. Head with entire occiput shining blackish brown, extending to ventral margin of interocellar area, but wath a medio-vertical line in that space of ochraceous-bulT, tinged with orange.-" Prono- tum ochraceous-buff with an orange tinge, caudal portion broadly margined with black, other margins very narrowly outlined in black, two large, meso-cephalic, black blotches occur which fuse meso-cephalad,-'^^ the margins of these markings all sharply de- lined. Tegmina deep bay, translucent distad, wath marginal field ochraceous-bulT, except for a narrow^ border of bay at the costal margin. Abdomen butTy, sutTused with dark brow^n; in some females the dark brown is decided distad, with conspicuous lateral ochraceous-buff blotches on each segment. Coxae buffy, remain- ing portion of limbs bay. Of the North American species of the genus, small immature examples of aitstnihisiae are distinctive in being generally less unicolorous, and in having a decided pale marking latero-caudad on the pronotum. In the later instars, immatures show the transition to the color pattern of the adult. Ootheca. — A stout, rectangulato-ovate capsule; 10.2 by 5 mm. in one example before us. The surface is microscopically shagreenous, with feeble indentations between the Qgg cells as in americana. Sutural ridge distinct, but much lower than in americana, with -'"This is sometimes subobsolete; rarely it expands into a triangular marking, wiih apex ventrad, occupying nearly the entire interocellar area. -'* Sometimes these blotches are more widely fused and send slender rays of this color toward the caudal margin; rarely the blotches are very extensiv-e, leaving only a narrow band of the pale coloration cephalad and a wider suffusion meso-caudail. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 1 88 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE serrations only showing traces of the discoidal development which is so striking in that species. The present insect, though domiciliary, is frequently found under signs on trees near the borders of towns in peninsular Florida. This is the only region in the United States where the species is known to be firmly established, though elsewhere along the south- ern border, in the warmer portions, it may be brought in by com- merce and become a permanent resident. The northernmost rec- ords are Fernandina, Green Cove Springs and Cedar Keys, Flor- ida.-^^ The species is circumtropical in distribution. Specimens Examined : 25; 9 males, 7 females, 9 immature specimens. Cedar Keys, Florida, VIII, 15, 1905, (Rehn and Hebard; under dead petiole bases of cabbage palmetto), i small juv., [A. N. S. P.]. Orlando, Fla., (G. G. Ainslie), i d^, [Hebard Cln.]. Tampa, Fla., I, 17, 1904, (Hebard; under sign on tree), i cf, i 9, i juv. 9, 2 small juv., [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. Punta Gorda, Fla., XI, 14 and 15, 191 1, (W. T. Davis; in abandoned house), 2 d^, [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. Everglade, Fla., IV, 5, 1912, (\V. T. Davis), i d", [Hebard Cln.]. Ojus, Fla., II, 29, 1916, (Hebard; undersign on Pinus caraihea), i 9, i small juv., [Hebard Cln.]. iMiami, Fla., VII, 11 to VIII, 23, 1903, (for Hebard), 2 cT, i 9, [Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]; Ill, 16, 1915, (Hebard), i small juv., [Hebard Cln.]. Musa Isle, Miami, Fla., HI, 4, 1916, (Hebard), i juv. 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Homestead, Fla., VII, 10 to 12, 1912, (Rehn and Hebard), i cf, i 9 , [A. X. S. P. and Hebard Cln.]. Big Pine Key, Fla., VII, 6, 1912, (Rehn and Hebard; on quarter-boat in Pine Channel), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Key West, Fla., VII, 3 to 7, 1912, (Rehn and Hebard; very common everywhere in town), l d^, 2 9,2 small juv., [Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. Periplaneta fuliginosa (Serville) (Plate VII, figures 20 to 24.) 1839. Kukcrlac Juliginosa Serville, Hist. Xat. Ins., Orth., p. 70. [d^, Xorth America.] All other North American records of the present species have been incorrectly referred to P. brunnea.^'^^ The present insect is -'^ The records of this insect's appearance at more northern localities are given and discussed in the adventive list, p. 268. 3°" Either as brunnea or Iruncata { = brunnea), frequently as "variety a," of Saussure and Zehntner. Those authors in the Biologia have evidently confused material of one of the unicolorous species of the genus under truncata, designating such material as vari- ety a. Without examination of the material, it is impossible to determine whether or not this material represents P. Juliginosa. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., i, p. 74, (1893). MORGAN HEBARD I 89 the only uniformly dark colored species of the genus found in North America, and it is widely distributed in the southern States from central coastal Texas eastward. It is the only species of the genus found in these regions which is not known from other por- tions of the world. Close relationship is found to the Japanese P. picea Shiraki,'"'^ the tw^o species agreeing in color, size^°- and even in numerous features of the genitalia. In Juliginosa the shape of the male supra-anal plate is different, the projection of its meso-ventral specialization is divided, not rectangulate, while the apical portion of the sinistral concealed genital process is shorter. Characters of Male. — (Jacksonville, Florida.) Size large, forni stout, about inter- mediate between that of P. hniniiea and P. australasiae. Head much as in hrunnea but proportionately not as large, with interocular space about one and one-quarter millimeters in width. Pronotum much as in australasiae. Tegmina and wings elongate and fully developed, about as broad as in hrunnea. Dorsal surface of abdomen with median segment specialized as in brminea, but with sulcus distinctly deeper and silky hairs of mesal tuft shorter, though not as short as in australasiae. Supra-anal plate entirely chitinous, much as in australasiae, but with distal margin weakl\- emarginate, and mesad at the apex of this emargination project from be- neath'minute, twin, rounded projections, their surfaces composed of microscopic denticulations; these projections are seen from below to extend latero-cephalad on the ventral surface of the plate as much larger callosities, with surfaces similarly microscopically denticulate (pi. V'll, fig. 22). Cerci as in australasiae. Sinistral specialized process within anal chamber of the same general type as found in aus- tralasiae, but with apical portion much more slender, no wider than the preceding curved portion, over five times as long as broad, with apex sharply rounded. Adja- cent to this, dextrad, is a small, elongate, subconical, subchitinous process, covered distad with scattered, minute, subchitinous, cylindrical projections. Above, from a convolute, chitinous plate, spring two elongate, slender, adjacent, chitinous claws, directed sinistrad at the bases, but curving evenly dorsad, then dextrad. Ventro-mesad is another corneous production, bearing dorso-sinistrad a short pro- cess, shaped like a half-section of tubing, from within the base of which [jrojects a 2°' We are able to determine this from a large series of Japanese specimens of P. picea before us. ^^ Servilie's P. pallipalpis described in 1839, from Java, is apparently a smaller insect than either fidiginosa or picea. Karny's wretchedly described P. japonica and emar- ginala, from Japan, appearing in a superficial key in 1908, are, as far as can be determined from such incomplete work, absolute synonyms of picea. Shiraki's description of picea was received by Karny before publication, as a footnote indicates, but no effort was made to correct the key. The probability of the above synonymy is further emphasized by the fact that, in the considerable series of Japanese roaches before us, but one dark species of Periplaneta, picea, occurs. MEM. .A.M. ENT. SOC, 2. 1 90 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE very slender, slightly curved, chitinous spine. Sinistrad a large, chitinous plate, with caudal face deeply concave meso-proximad and distal margin broadly rounded, occupies the remaining area of the anal chamber. Subgenital plate of same type as in P. americayia, but with lateral margins continued convergent and produced slightly beyond the niches formed by the style sockets, distal margin distinctly emarginate, as much as in australasiae, but in the present species the distal margin is broader, the margins of the emargination weakly convex and latero-caudal angles formed with lateral margins sharply rounded. Characters of Fewa/e.— (Jacksonville, Florida.) The uniform coloration of pro- notum and tegmina, alike in both sexes of the species, serves best to distinguish the female of this insect from the other North American forms of the genus. Com- pared with the male, the female is found to be slightly larger and distinctly more robust, with pronotum more ample. The tegmina and wings show hardly any con- trast between the sexes. The supra-anal plate has the mesal emargination brief, as in hrunnea and australasiae. Subgenital plate normal for the genus. Measurements {in millimeters) 7 Thomasville, Georgia 24.5 Jacksonville, Florida 26 Jacksonville, Florida 29 DeFuniak Springs, Florida. 27 Crowley, Louisiana 25 9 Thomasville, Georgia 26 . 9 Jacksonville, Florida 27.3 Jacksonville, Florida 25.5 Evergreen, Alabama 26.3 Evergreen, Alabama 29.7 Orange, Texas 26 . 3 Orange, Texas 3- -5 Length Length Width of of of body pronotum pronotum 6.9 8.8 7-3 9-2 7.8 10 7-3 9-2 7 9-2 Length Width of of tegmen tegmen Length Length of of cercus caudal tibia 7.2 8 8.3 9-7 10.7 II .2 10.2 II . I 10 10.9 25.6 26.6 27.9 28.6 26 22.7 26.2 26.4 24.2 25.6 24.7 26.4 8.2 8.7 9-4 8.8 8.2 8.6 9-4 9-7 9 9-4 8.8 9-3 5 5-9 6.2 6.1 5-3 5-4 6 6.2 5-9 6.3 5-8 6.1 10.9 11.8 II. 8 II .2 10.6 II. 7 II. 6 10.8 12. 1 10.4 II. 6 The extremes of the series before us are all measured. Such variation as is shown by the above tables, may be wholly attributed to individual variation. Coloration. — Shining brownish black; tegmina, mouthparts and limbs with a bay tinge. Mesonotum and metanotum ochraceous- btiff, dorsal surface of abdomen gradually deepening from this color to deep bay distad. In the occasional recessive extremes the coloration is solid; bay, with a chestnut tinge on head, pronotum and limbs. MORGAN HEBARD I9I The young of this insect are immaculate bay, tinged with chest- nut. Ootheca. — Similar to that of atcstralasiae, carried with suture directed dorsad. This species is usually encountered out of doors, in or near towns. Over its range it is frequently found under signs on trees. At Jacksonville, Florida, it was found extremely abundant on the wharves at night. In addition to the records given below, the insect has been recorded from Bainbridge, Georgia, and Fernan- dina, Florida. ^°^ It is apparently absent from peninsular Florida and the Florida Keys. Specimens Examined : 63: 19 males, 39 females and 5 immature specimens. Brunswick, Ga., Mil, 31, 191 1, (Hebard; on hotel veranda), 2 9 ,^°^ [A. N. S. P. and Hebard Cln.]. Thomasville, Georgia. I, 3, 190S, (Hebard; under sign on tree), 29,1 with ootheca, 2 immature 9 ^"^; I, 9, 1904, (Hebard; dead on sidewalk), i d" ; X. 1903, (for Hebard), i 9 , [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. Jacksonville, Florida, (T. J. Priddey), i 9 ;'°^ VHI, 20, 1905, (Rehn and Hebard; on wharves at night), 7 cT. 10 9,2 juv. o'',^"^ [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. Tallahassee, Fla.. IX, i, 1915, (Hebard; hotel porch at night), I cT, [Hebard Cln.]. DeFuniak Springs, Fla., VIII, 30, 191 5, (Rehn and Hebard), i d', [Hebard Cln.]. Evergreen, Alabama, \'III, 4, 1915, (Hebard; common about hotel, after dark), I cf , 4 9,1 with ootheca, i juv. d', [Hebard Cln.] . Pass Christian, Mississippi, III. i 9, [Davis Cln.]. Xew Orleans, Louisiana, VI. 29. 1916, (Lutz and Rehn), 3 9, [A. M. X. H. and A. X. S. P.]: VI, 18, 18S2, (Shufeldt), 2 9 ; XI, 14, 1882, 2 9, [all U. S. X. M.]. Baton Rouge, La., \'I, 28. 1908, (A. H. Rosenfeld), i d , [U. S. X. M.]. Crowley, La., ML 20 to MIL 5, 191 1, (E. S. Tucker; in house), 3 d, [U. S. N. .M.]. Jennings, La., fall of 1906, (A. G. Hammar), i d, [Cornell L'niv. Cln.]. Cameron, La., VI, 10, 1905, I 9, [U. S. X. M.]. Orange, Texas, VIII, 19 to IX, 2, 1914, 2 d", 8 9,1 with ootheca, [Davis Cln.]. \'ictoria. Tex., VI, (Caudell), i 9 ; VII, 27, (A. \V. Morrill), i 9 ; VIII, 10. 1900, (J. D. Mitchell), I d, [all U. S. X. M.].'»^ 303 Recorded by Rehn and Hebard incorrectly as P. bninnea. 5"^ Series recorded by Rehn and Hebard as P. truncata " var." a, and later as P. brunnea ^'var." a. '"* Recorded by Rehn and Hebard as P. brunnea "var." a. 306 Recorded by Rehn and Hebard as P. bninnea "var." a. ^"' Incorrectly recorded by Rehn and Hebard as P. truncata. '°'* Incorrectly recorded b\' Caudell as P. truncata { = brunnea). iMEM. AM. EN'T. SOC, 2. 192 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Subfamily PANCHLORINAE The species of the Panchlorinae are all almost or entirely con- fined to tropical regions, two being found within the limits of the United States. The following features are considered diagnostic. Pronotum strongly produced caudad or with distinctive contour, rarely of usual Blattid type. Tegmina and wings fully developed in the majority of the species. Wings with numerous incomplete rami of the ulnar vein, intercalated triangle subobsolete or absent. Femora with ventral margins unarmed, except sometimes with a single distal spine; ventro-cephalic margins of cephalic femora smooth to heavily fringed with hairs. Tarsal joints very slender and elongate, supplied with moderate to very large pulvilli. Distinct arolia present. PYCNOSCELUS Scudder Blatta, Panchlora and Leiicophaea^°^ of authors. 1862. Pycnoscelus Scudder, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., vii, p. 421. In addition to the widely spread genotype, several Asiatic species of the genus are known. Genotype, by monotypy: Pycnoscelus ohscurus Scudder = Pycnoscelus surinamensis {[Blatta] surinamensis) (Linnaeus). Geyieric Characters. — Pronotum rather strongly convex, laterad declivent; caudal margin strongly and broadly angulate produced, with apex bluntly rounded and sides feebly concave. Tegmina and wings fully developed in both sexes; reaching, to extending considerably beyond, the apex of the abdomen. Tegmina broad, broadest mesad ; discoidal sectors (formed by the numerous branches of the humeral, anal and ulnar veins) weakly oblique, with minute, inconspicuous, transverse veinlets. Wings broad ; area of irregular costal veins narrow, bounded by mediastine vein to near apex of wing; ulnar vein with numerous, rather strongly oblique, incom- 3"9 Kirby in 1904 (Syn. Cat. Orth., i, p. 151), has attempted to sinii Pycnoscelus in the synonymy under Leucophaea, and select as type of that genus, Blatta surinamensis Linnaeus. This action was due to the fact that he objected to genera and species based upon immature material. His action is doubly invalid, as the genotype of Lettcophaea had already been properly selected as Blatta maderae Fabricius, by Rehn in 1903 (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxix, p. 282), and the valid genus Pycnoscelus antedates the valid genus Leucophaea by three years. It may be further noted that Rhyparohia, described in 1.S92, falls as an absolute synonym of Leucophaea, described in 1865. MORGAN HEBARD I 93 plete, short, proximal rami and few, short, complete distal rami; intercalated area \ery narrow and feebly indicated. Subgenital plate of male without styles. Femora with ventral margins all"'' supplied with a single, stout distal spine, all of these spines short, with lateral margins minutely and microscopically serrate; ventro- cephallc margins of cephalic femora fringed with hairs which are regularly placed, the more proximal the longest, the shorter distal hairs spiniform.'*" Tarsi elongate and slender; \entral surface of elongate metatarsus fully occupied by an elongate, attenuate pulvillus, ventral surfaces of three succeeding tarsal joints each fully occupied by a large pulvillus. Arolia small. Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linnaeus) (Plate VIII, figure i.) 1767. [Blatta] sun'iuniicjisis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. XII, p. 687. [Surinam.] 1862. Pycnoscehis ohsciinis Scudder, Proc. Bost.-Soc. Nat. Hist., \"ii, p. 422. [juv. 9 (nee. d'); Greenfield, Massachusetts.] (Unquestionably adventive.) The additional established synonyms of the present species are Blatta indica Fabricius, Blatta melanocephala Stoll, Blatta punctata Eschscholtz, Blatta corticum Serville and Panchlora celebesa, sub- margiuata and occipitalis Walker, The present species is circumtroplcal in distribution, extending its range frequently into subtropical regions. It is distinctive in appearance, the only confusion which could occur with other species found in the United States would be with Leurolestes pallidus^^^ {Naiiphoeta laevigata of authors), which species is only superficially somewhat similar in general appearance. Characters of Female J^^ — (Miami, Florida.) Form robust, structure rather heavy. Head flattened; eyes well developed; interocular space equal to that between the pronounced ocellar spots: ocellar areas with surface feebly concave; from occiput to clypeus, minute pits are scattered over the otherwise smooth surface. Maxillary palpi short and stout; third joint flattened cylindrical, nearly as long as fifth; fourth joint slightly shorter than third, with apex truncate and feel)ly oblique, proximal portion very slender and slightly deflexed; fifth (distal) joint enlarged and elongate, distal margin oljlicjue and feebly convex from apex to near base of joint. Pronotum •""In this feature, the [)rcscnt genus appears to be separable from all others of the Panchlorinae. 5'^ These hairs are moderately stout and regular in position; if they were slightly heavier we would use, instead, the term chaetiform spines. ^'^ See page 161. 313 We do not give the male characters in the usual position, as that sex is unknown for the regions here under consideration, where the species may prove to be parthenogenetic. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 194 NORTH AMERICAN BLAITIDAE with glabrous surface showing minute, rather widely scattered pits; lateral portions fully as chitinous as disk, moderately declivent, with margins very broadly cingulate, though but little raised. Length of tegmina and wings somewhat variable, these falling slightly short of, to extending well beyond, the abdominal apex. Tegmina, proximad, thickly supplied with minute pits, these are in series laterad of each vein. Wings transparent, except in narrow area of the irregular costal veins and distal portion of anterior field, where they are translucent. Dorsal surface of abdomen unspecialized. Supra-anal plate feebly and briefly convex above bases of cerci, with free margin there feebh' concave; large mesal portion transverse, subtruncate, weakly concave except for a weak medio-longitudinal carinula, distal margin broadly convex, showing a trace of mesal emargination."^ Styles very short, joints much fused, acuminate tip flattened, dorsal surface weakly convex, ventral surface more strongly convex proximad. Subgenital plate very large, surface convex; distal margin convex, except meso-laterad at base of styles, where it is broadly and shal- lowly concave, mesad the convexity is weak. Armament of limbs, pulvilli and arolia, as given in generic description. The median and caudal femora have the genicular spine more elongate than the single distal spine of each ventral margin. Characters of Male. — (Pringabaja, Lombok, Lesser Sunda Islands.'i^) Agrees with the female except in the following characters. Form slightly less robust, structure not as heavy. Interocular space narrower, about three-fifths as wide as that between the similar ocellar spots. Tegmina and wings decidedly more elon- gate, extending distinctly further beyond the abdominal apex than in any female before us. Supra-anal plate decidedly more delicate in structure, subchitinous, more produced, without medio-longitudinal carinula and with distal margin more 'evenly convex mesad, not broadly flattened. Cerci short, stout proximad, dorsal surface weakly convex, ventral surface more strongly convex proximad; first eight joints brief, with lateral margins narrowly compressed, tapering rather sharply to slender ninth and tenth joints, the ninth twice as long, the tenth three times as long, as one of the more proximal joints. Meso-dextrad, from below, an elongate oval, delicate, subchitinous plate is directed dorsad in the anal chamber, tapering evenly ■distad to the acute apex."" Subgenital plate springing from bases of cerci, small but broad and little produced, distal margin subsinuato-convex. Styles absent. Measurements {in millimeters) & Pringabaja, Lombok .... 9 Miami, Florida (53) 16.3-23 4-8-5-8 5-9-7-6 13.6-19 5.6-7 The extremes of size in the entire series before us, are shown by the females measured above. SI* In some specimens, the median carinula and this trace of emargination are obsolete. •■"5 This specimen, from the Fruhstorfer material, was taken in April, 1896, and is now in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences. 3"> This is only a portion of the complex concealed genitalia, which here can not be further discussed without damaginj>; the specimen. >ngth of Length of Width of Length of Width of body pronotum pronotum tegnien tegnien 16.8 4.8 5 18.9 6 MORGAN HEBARD I 95 Coloration. — (Intensive.) Shining blackish brown. Head, from vertex to clypeus, this color; ocellar spots, genae and clypeus, buffy. Limbs, proximad, suffused ochraceous-buff ; tibiae and tarsi russet, the latter paler. Tegmina translucent, blackish chestnut brown; marginal field ochraceous-buff, wholly, or in part, heavily suffused with blackish chestnut brown, cingulate costal margin blackish chestnut brown. Abdomen with dorsal surface dark brown, deepening caudad; ventral surface polished, broadly margined with blackish brown, shading rapidly into brilliant, suffused cinnamon rufous in large mesal portion. Pronotum shin- ing blackish brown, with marginal traces of buffy latero-cephalad. In specimens of the maximum recessive coloration this pale area forms a marginal band, moderately broad cephalad and continued along the lateral margins of the pronotum to near the latero- caudal angles, while the tegmina are transparent, light ochraceous- buff, with numerous microscopic dots of brown^^^ and humeral trunk blackish brown proximad. In such specimens the dark portion of the head sometimes shows a slightly paler transverse marking, between the points of juncture of the eyes and ocellar areas. Every degree of variation, from the maximum intensive to the maximum recessive type of coloration, occurs. ^^'^ General coloration of immature examples, deep chestnut brown to blackish chestnut brown. ^'^ Head, pronotum, mesonotum, metanotum, median segment, first two dorsal abdominal segments and \entral surface polished, with very minute, scattered, mi- croscopic punctae on head and dorsal polished portions. Remain- ing dorsal portion of abdomen microscopically finely shagreenous, showing raised and polished points on third segment and fewer raised points on the remaining segments. Head of general colora- tion, shading to slightly paler on the occiput, cingulate margins '■' I'nder the microscope these dots are seen to be arranged in hnes between the teg- minal veins, each dot representing pigmentation of a minute pit. These lines of dots, become more and more broken distad and disappear before the distal portion of the teg- men is reached. To the naked eye, the effect is of a moderate proximal suffusion of the transparent tegmina. •■"** The single Malaysian male before us is of the maxinmm recessive type of coloration. 319 Occasional specimens are found of paler general coloration. These represent indi- viduals which, when killed, had but recently reached maturity and had not >et attained their full coloration. MEM. .\M. ENT. SOC. 2. 196 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE of pronotum also frequently slightly paler. The ocellar spots are not as large as in the adult condition, but still prominent, only dis- appearing in the early instars. Ventral surface shading to buck- thorn brown with a tawny tinge. The eggs of this species are inclosed in a transparent membrane, which is found within the abdomen. The mass has the general appearance of a partially formed ootheca. In addition to the large series from the United States, we have examined nearly two hundred specimens of this species, chiefly from the West Indies and Mexico, without finding a single male, adult or immature, from the American continent.^-" The Ma- laysian male before us has proportionately decidedly longer organs of flight than any female at hand, and the sex may have very diff^erent habits from the females, which, with the young, we have often found burrowing on the surface of the ground, in dust or sand under rocks, boards or other debris. The absence of even immature males, among the very large American series of immature specimens before us, may possibly indicate parthenogenesis; prolonged study of living material must be undertaken before this problem can be solved. The species is abundant in peninsular Florida and the Browns- ville region of Texas. It has been found established as far north as Jacksonville, Gainesville and Cedar Keys, Florida; New Or- leans, Louisiana, and San Antonio, Texas. Elsewhere in the United States the species has occasionally become temporarily established in green-houses and places similarly artificially heated during cold weather.^-' Specimens Examined: 126; 55 females and 71 immature females. Jacksonville, Florida, (T. J. Priddey), l 9, [Hebard Cln.]. St. Augustine, Fla., VIII, 19, 1905, (Rehn and Hebard), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Palatka, F!a., VIII, 19, 1915, (Rehn and Hebard), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Gainesville, Fla., VIII, 17, 1905, (Rehn and Hebard; in house), i 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Cedar Keys, Fla., VIII, 15, 1905, (Rehn and Hebard), 3 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Tampa, Fla., I, 17, 1904, (Hebard), i juv. 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Punta Gorda, Fla., XI, 13, 191 1, (W. T. Davis; under board), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. 3-" Brunner states that not a siii;.i;le male was jjresent in his series of o\'er forty s{)eci- niens from tropical America, and tliat lie had rcpresentati\es of that sex, only anions; those which lielonged to the small condition found in (he luist Indies. Nouw S\st. Jilatt., p. 2.S0, (1.S65). ■*-' See page 269. MORGAN HEBARD 1 97 New Smyrna, Fla., Ill, 1905, (A. X. Caudell; bred adult XI, 1905), i 9, [U. S. N. M.]. Miami, Fla., I, 2S to XI, 16, 1903 to 1916, (Hebard; for Hebard; Englehardt), 21 9 , 41 juv. 9 , [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. Homestead, Fla., VII, 10 to 12, 1912, (Rehn and Hebard; under debris), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Jew F"ish, Fla., \'II, 11, 1912, (Hebard; in cracks of sun-baked mud), I 9, [Heb- ard Cln.]. Long Key, Fla.. Ill, 13 and 17, 1910, (Hebard; two under dry fibers at base of petioles of cocoanut palm, others under debris), 5 juv. 9 , [Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. Key West, Fla., I, 19 to VII, 7, 1904 to 1912, (Hebard; Rehn and Hebard), 8 9, 17 juv. 9, [Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. Nairn, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, XI, 1892, (H. E. Weed), 3 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. San Antonio, Texas, IX, 18 to 27, (E. Palmer), 5 9,4 juv. 9 , [M. C. Z.]. Victoria, Tex.. \T, i, 1904, i 9 ; \TI, 10, 1907, (J. D. Mitchell), i juv. 9, [both U. S. N. M.]. Sinton, Tex., II, 7, 191 1. (C. T. Atkinson), i juv. 9, [U. S. N. M.]. Brownsville, Tex., Ill, 19, 1908, (Jones and Pratt), i 9 , [U. S. N. M.]; VII, (H. Wickham), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]; \TII, 5, 1912, (Hebard; on solid ground in litter under rats' nests, Xeotonia sj).), 5 9 , i juv. 9 , [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. PANCHLORA Burmeister Blatta of early authors. 1838. Panchlora Burmeister, Handb. Ent., ii, abth. ii, pt. i, 506. The genus includes a large number of tropical American forms which separate into several groups. Seven species were included with the original description, of which three are now separated from this genus. Genotype: P[auchlora] piilcheUa Burmeister^ Panchlora qiiad- ripunctata ([Blatta] qiiadripiincta) (Stoll), selected by Rehn, in I903.-^" Generic Characters. — Pronotum convex, laterad declivent; caudal margin strongly and broadly angulate produced, with apex blunt and sides feebly conca\e: much as in Pycnoscelus, but with mesal portion less conx'ex. Tegmina and wings fully developed in both sexes, extending considerably beyond the apex of the abdomen, Tegmina moderately to \'ery broad; discoidal sectors weakly oblique. Wings broad ; area of irregular costal veins narrow, bounded by mediastine \ein to near apex of wing; ulnar vein with 5-- Trans. Am. Enl. Soc, xxix, \^. 284. MEM. ^^\. ENT. SOC, 2. 198 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE numerous (usually 9 to 13) short, strongly oblique, proximal in- complete rami and few (usually 3 to 4) short, distal complete rami; intercalated area very narrow and feebly indicated. Supra- anal plate of female delicate in structure, sub-bilobate. Femora with ventral margins unarmed, except frequently with a much reduced, single, distal spine on all, or some, of these margins, ex- cepting the ventro-caudal margin of the caudal femora; ventro- cephalic margins of cephalic femora fringed with delicate hairs, the longest proximad. Tarsal joints relatively small; metatarsus hairy except ventro-distad, where a rather large, round pulvillus occurs; three succeeding joints hairy, with brief ventral surfaces each almost completely filled by a rather large, round pulvillus. Arolia moderately large, truncate distad. Panchlora cubensis Saussure (Plate VIII, figures 2 to 5.) 1862. P[anchlora] cubensis Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 2e ser., xiv, p. 230. [ 9 , Cuba.] Though many names now standing in the literature represent almost certainly synonyms of this species, examination of the types, of at least several of these, must be made before the nomenclature of the plain green species of the genus can be put on a secure basis. ^2^ The present species is widely distributed throughout the greater Antilles, Mexico and Central America, its distribution extending within the limits of the United States only in the vicinity of Browns- ville, Texas. The insect is frequently shipped alive into the United States, particularly in bananas, but it is an essentially out of doors tropical form and can never become established north of the tropical areas of this country. Characters of Male. — (Brownsville, Texas.) Eyes rather broad in front, separated by a brief space which in width is usually about one-eighth the greatest diameter of the eye; ocellar areas weakly concave, ocellar spots faintly suggested. Clear mar- gins of pronotum and tegmina weakly tessellate with greenish and in consequence slightly opaque. Tegmina and wings fully developed, normal for the genus. Supra- anal plate very short, very strongly transverse, distal margin broadly concave, 323 See Hebard, Ent. News, xxvii, p. 217, (1916). The present species is scon to be a member of the first group of the plain species, and should be placed first in the linear arrangement of the species of the genus. MORGAN HEBARD I 99 with an obtuse-angulation weakly indicated mesad, disto-lateral angles rectangulate and rather sharply rounded. Cerci short and broad, extending far beyond distal margin of supra-anal plate, lateral margins subparallel totherather broadly rounded apex. Subgenital plate transverse, distal margin transverse between the cerci. Small cylindrical styles situated on this margin at the inner margin of the base of the cerci, each equal to about one-third the cereal length. Cephalic femora with ventro-cephalic margins supplied proximad with a few hairs, succeeded distad by a more closely-set row of shorter hairs (with a single, distal, atrophied spine, indi- vidually present or absent). Other femora unarmed (or with a single, distal, atro- phied spine, individually present or absent on the ventral margins), except dorso- distad where a small delicate genicular s])ine is situated slightly cephalad of the median line. Characters of Female. — (Brownsville, Texas.) This sex agrees with the male except in the following features. Size larger. Interspace between the eyes from one- half to two-thirds the greatest diameter of the eye.'-^ Supra-anal plate strongly produced, bilobate distad, this due to a deep medio-longitudinal cleft. Cerci with lateral margins weakly converging to a more narrowly rounded apex than in male. Subgenital plate with distal margin broadh' convex in general outline, but almost straight at base of cerci and with a brief, moderately deep, concave, mesal emargin- ation. Mcasurcnients (in niiUinieters) d' Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of body pronotum pronotum tegnien tegmen Browns\ille, Texas (4) 12. 2-14 3.8-4.3 ^-^-T, 15. 4-16 4.8-5 9 Brownsville, Texas (5) 15. 7-18 4.9-5.6 5.9-6.7 18.3-20.45.7-6.2 In the very large exotic series before us, the size variation is very much greater. The species enjoys apparently much the widest distribution of any of the genus and exhibits much the greatest amount of varia- tion. The general color is light paris green, the antennae ochraceous- tawny, the lateral bands of pronotum and tegmina yellowish white. The tegmina often have a minute, inconspicuous, dark brown dot mesad in their distal half. Specimens Examined. In addition to nearly 100 exotic specimens: 9; 4 males and 5 females. Brownsville, Texas, V, 8, 1904, (H. S. Barber), i 9. [U. S. X. M.]. Esperanza Ranch, near Brownsville, Texas, V, 29 to \'II, 25, 1904, (C. Schaeffer), 4 (f", 4 9, [Bklyn. Inst., Davis and Hel)ard Clns.]. ^-* This feature is shown, by the large exotic series of cubensis before us, to exhibit decided variability in this species. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 2CO NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Subfamily BLABERINAE The species of this subfamily are almost entirely confined to the American tropics, extending their distribution into the temperate regions of South America. The following features are considered diagnostic. Tegmina and wings, when fully developed, broad. Tegmina with numerous oblique discoidal sectors. Wings with numerous incomplete proximal, and complete distal, rami of the ulnar vein; no inter- calated triangle or apical field is found. Femora unarmed, or supplied with few spines; when proximal spines are present on the ventro-cephalic margins of the cephalic femora, these are always followed by a fringe of hairs; ventro-caudal margins of caudal femora never supplied with a distal spine, often fringed with hairs. Tarsal joints stout, with very large pulvilli. Arolia absent. BLABERUS Serville 1831. Bkibcrus Serville, Ann. Sci. Nat., xxii, p. 37. 1839. Blabera Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins., Orth., p. 74. (Emendation.) 1868. Libisoca Walker, Cat. Blatt. Br. Mus., p. 12. 1868. Sisapona Walker, ibid., p. 16. 1868. Tarraga Walker, ibid., p. 16. The numerous species of this genus are peculiar to tropical America. A large number of these are probably to some degree domiciliary. Genotype: Blaberus giganteus {B[latta\ gigantea) (Linnaeus), selected by Rehn in 1903.'''" Generic Characters. — Head with vertex hidden by pronotum. Size large to very large, even for this subfamily which contains no small species. Pronotum large, elliptical to roundly hexagonal; surface convex, this more decided above the head, with a symmetri- cal design impressed weakly on the disk. Tegmina and wings broad, extending well beyond the apex of the abdomen, except in females of some species in which they are slightly shorter. Teg- mina with numerous discoidal sectors, which are moderately oblique. Supra-anal plate rectangulate-bilobate in both sexes. Cephalic femora with ventro-cephalic margins armed with a few 326 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxix, p. 288. MORGAN HEBARD 201 stout, rather short, proximal spines, succeeded by a closely-set row of stout hairs, terminated by a single stout, rather short, distal spine; other ventral femoral margins without spines except distad. Meta-tarsi with \entral surface occupied by an elongate, linear pulvillus, which is enlarged and rounded distad; succeeding three tarsal joints with ventral surfaces occupied by large, rounded pul- villi. Arolia absent. Specimens representing allied genera show individual variation in presence or absence of proximal spines on the ventro-cephalic margins of the cephalic femora, and of the occasional supplementary distal spine of the ventro-caudal margins of the cephalic and median femora and \entro-cephalic margins of the caudal femora. Care- ful study of large series will be required, before it can be stated whether the genus Blaberus, as at present understood, contains two distinct generic units, or simply divides into two well-marked sections, as indicated by Saussure and Zehntner. Blaberus craniifer Burmeister (Plate VIII, figures 6 and 7.) 183S. Bl[ubera] craniijera Burmeister, Handb. Ent., ii, abth. ii, pt. i. p. 516. [Cuba.] 1839. Blahcra various Serxille, Hist. Nat. Ins., Orth., p. 78. (In part; 9.) [9, Cuba.] 1857. Blatta {Blabera) atropos Guerin (not Blatta atropos of Stoll, 1 813), in Sagra, Hist. Cuba., Anim. Artie, p. 333. [Havana, Cuba.] 1864. Blabera atropos Saussure (not Blatta atropos of Stoll, 1813), Mem. Hist. Nat. Mex., iv, p. 233. [o", 9 : Cuba; Hot coast of Mexico.] 1888. B{labera) atropos Bolivar {not Blatta atropos of Stoll, 1813), Mem. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 133. ["Should be the most abundant species in Cuba."] The present species shows near relationship to B. atropos (Stoll), ■■'-•' agreeing in the exceptionally dark general coloration of 32" Blaberus atropos (Stoll) 1813. [Blatta] atropos Stoll, Natuur. Afbeeld. Beschryv., Kakkerlakken, p. 4, Register p. 14, pi. Ild. fig. 8. (No locality given.) 1865. Bl[abera] fusca Brunner, Nouv. Syst. Blatt., p. 376. [9, Chile.] 1868. Blabera laticollis Walker, Cat. Blatt. Br. Mus., p. 5. [d", British Guiana.] Brunner, in 1865, applied the name atropos to B. discoidalis or an extremely closely related species, and redescrihed the present insect as fusca. Walker's laticoUis is an evident synon\'m, which name was placed under at'^opos (there, howe\er, incliidmg craniifer) by Kirby in 1904. The most striking features of the s[)ecies arc given al)o\e. The concealed male geni- talia are similar to those found in craniifer, but the surrounding soft median mantle has the free margin fringed dextrad with heavier chitinous teeth, showing distinct uncination, MEM. .\M. ENT. SOC, 2. 202 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE the tegmina and wings, in the moderately large size (for the genus) and rather broad form. The confusion in the literature is in large part due to the fanciful death's-head marking, figured and described for atropos, and in that species situated on the mesono- tum and metanotum. In the present species the dark pronotal spot bears pale markings, which afford an even more striking fanciful resemblance to the human eyes, nose and mouth, and fail- ure to recognize the proper position of this marking in the two spe- cies has resulted in constant confusion. The most striking features of difference between the species are as follows. In craniifer the male averages distinctly smaller than the female; with pronotum decidedly smaller, the length being contained in the width nearly 1.4 times in the male and 1.49 times in the female. The interocular space in the male is slightly less than, to slightly more than, half the interocellar width ; in the female slightly more than half, to slightly less than, the full interocellar width. The dark pronotal spot contains four pale markings sug- gesting the human eyes, nose and mouth, these very rarely in part obliterated. The tegmina are dark blackish brown with a prout's brown tinge, and have the proximal portions of the marginal and anal fields strikingly buffy, the extent of these markings variable and their distal margins extremely irregular but sharply defined; frequently, and particularly in the males, a large transverse suf- fusion of buffy is, to varying degrees, weakly indicated mesad on the tegmina. while sinistrad these are further developed into relatively much larger chitinous processes, rounded distad, with surfaces shagreenous, the largest being situated proximad, which projection is apically irregularly bilobate. Measurements {in millimeters) Length Length Width Length Width Cf of of of of of body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen Caparo, Trinidad. (8) 42.7-49.1 I3-3-I5-3 19 3-21-6 50.8-56.4 19.2-20 ? Caparo, Trinidad. (14) 57-5«« 14-6-15.9 20,8-22.9 53-57-« 22-23 Specimens Examined: 27; 10 males and 17 females. Diego Martin, Trinidad, VI, 20, 1915, (R. A. Wood; river estate), i 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Caparo, Trinidad, VI, 1913, (^. M. Klages), 2c^, 3 9 , [A. N. S. P.]; VIII, 1913, (S. M. Klages), 8cf , 13 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. MORGAN HE BARD 203 In atropos the difference in size of the sexes is much less apparent; the pronotum axerages only slightly smaller in the male, the length being contained in the width about 1.43 times in both sexes. The interocular space in the male is slightly more than half, to fully, the interocellar width; in the female slightly less than, to fully, the interocellar width. The dark pronotal spot is normally solid ; faint traces of a jjortion of the same type of marking as found so conspicuous in craiiiifer are apparent in rare examples. The tegmina are dark blackish brown with an argus brown tinge, the marginal fields are brownish Inifty, often suffused with darker distad ; the tegmina appear otherwise almost solid in coloration until spread, when the humeral trunk is found to be very dark, the anal field rather pale and the mesal portion of the tegmina rather darker than the other distal portions. The female of B. varians of Serville is clearly this species; the male the same as his B. discoidalis. In addition to the diagnostic features described above, the fol- lowing features are found in the present species. (Key West, Florida.) Head blackish brown in general coloration, eyes often paler, ocelli and soft portions of clypeus conspicuously buffy. Ocelli distinct; flat- tened surfaces of ocellar areas slanting mesad, so that the inner margins are raised slighth- above the flattened intervening portion of the face. Pronotum subellipti- cal, the cephalic and caudal margins almost equally con\-ex, this slightly more pro- nounced mesad on both margins, the latero-caudal angles faintly indicated b\" a slightly greater convexity there of the caudal margin. Tegmina broad, broadly rounded distad, with apex mesal in position. Wings with anterior field decidedly suffused with brown, posterior field less suftused, all veins dark brown. Dorsal surface of abdomen in both sexes with seventh segment acute-angulate produced latero-caudad, with apices of productions blunt; eighth much narrower across abdomen and but slightly projecting beyond caudal margin of seventh, with small, rounded, latero-caudal projections; ninth still narrower across abdomen, with caudal margin straight. Supra-anal plate projecting and subciuadrate, moderateK^ bilobate. Cerci moderately slender, slightly incurved, tailoring distad to acute apex, with about se\"enteen short joints; ])olished and slighth' con\ex abo\e, strongh' con\ex and ^■ery hair>' lielow, with narrow, deep, lateral channels on exter- nal and distal portion of internal margins. Mesad in the anal chamber of the male, from above a soft surrounding mantle, a moderately stout, short, tapering, blunt^ chitinous projection extends caudad; the surrounding mantle having the free dorsal and distal margins fringed with minute, chitinous teeth. Dextrad of this organ, from a broad chitinous base, a stout subchitinous shaft is directed caudad cur\ing MEM. .AM. E.\T. SOC, 2. 204 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE regularly outward, the convex surface is subchitinous, the inner surface soft, the apex more chitinous, not enlarged, flattened and blunt. Male subgenital plate convex, asymmetrical; distal margin broadly convex from sinistral base to mesal portion of dextral half, there rounding sharply into a deep concave emargination at dextral base, within which the margin is much softer and subchitinous; minute, slender, cylindrical styles are found on this margin at the inner bases of the cerci, the sinistral four times, the dextral six times, as long as broad. Female subgenital plate large and convex, with distal margin regularly convex to mesal portion, which is slightly produced and rounded. Cephalic femora with ventro-cephalic margins supplied proximad with three or four stout, rather short, spines, succeeded by a closely-set row of stout hairs, terminated by a single stout, rather short distal spine; other ventral femoral margins moderately hairy with similar single distal spines. Measurements {in millimeters) Length of Length of Width of Lengtli of Width of C^ body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen Key West, Florida (15) 42.2-45.1 12. 3-13. 6 17. 3-18. 9 48-51.8 18. 8-19. 4 9 Key West, Florida (28) 48.7-54-8 14.3-14-6 20.9-22.1 48-50.8 19.8-20.6 We have noted in other tropical series of this and other species of the genus that, though large series from one place seldom show very decided differences in size or marking, over the distribution of each species frequent more decided differences are found between different series. The present species has become firmly established in the United States at Key West, Florida.^" Specimens Examined :^'^^ 54; 16 males, 28 females and 10 immature examples. 32' It has been recorded from that locality as atropos by Rehn, Ent. News xix, p. 441, (1908); as cubensis by Rehn and Hebard, Ent. News, xxi, p. 103, (1910), and by those authors as atropos, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1912, p. 241, (1912), and Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1914, p. 381, (1914)- 328 In addition the following exotic material is now before us. Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, II, 24, 1902, (S. H. Hamilton), 3 c^, 29,1 juv., [A. N. S. P.). (Recorded as B. atropos in 1903 by Rehn.) Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba, IV, 1905, (G. Dimmock), i d", fU. S. N. M.]. Tekanto, Yucatan, Mexico, i cf, [A. N. S. P.]. (Recorded as B. trapezoideus in 1902 by Rehn.) Tunkas, Yucatan, Mexico, i juv., [A. N. S. P.]. Progreso, Yucatan, Mexico, I juv., [A. N. S. P.]. Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, (Gaumer), icf, [Hebard Cln.]. Benque Viejo, British Honduras, HI, 1909, (W. H. Sligh), lo", [U. S. N. M.]. MORGAN HEBARD 205 Key West, Florida, VII, 7, 1912, (Rehn and Hebard; under boards in wood shed, many immature examples under nearby boards on ground), 15 cf, 28 9 ,^-^ 10 juv., [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]; XII, 28, 1909, (Harris), i cf, [U. S. X. M.]. Subfamily CORYDIINAE The Corydiinae and Polyphaginae share the distinctive character of having the wings, when present, with anal field plane, not folding fan-wise. The following characters are considered diagnostic for the present subfamily. Head globose; ocellar areas never strongly defined ; ocelli absent or very small, then with surfaces convex. Pronotum and tegmina (when present, except in hyaline portions found in some genera) thickly covered with hairs. Tegmina, when present, opaque, transparent, or partially opaque and par- tially hyaline; when opaque, with venation very weakly defined. Female subgcnital plate simple, or valvular, with basal margins of valves forming a deep, acute-angulate cmargination.^''*' Limbs with ventral margins of cephalic and median femora unarmed, except sometimes distad on ventro-cephalic margins of cephalic femora and both margins of median femora. Tarsi with or without small pulvilli. Arolia present or absent. HOLOCOMPSA Burmeister 1838. Ilolflcompsa Burmeister, Handb. Ent., ii, abth., ii, pt. i, p. 491. This genus is very widely separated from any other found in the regions here considered. Three species were originally included, of these cyanea and coUaris are synonyms of nitidida. Genotype: C[orydia {Holoconipsa) ] collar is Burmeister = //o/o- compsa nitidida {B[latta] nitidida) (Fabricius), selected by Kirby, in 1904.^^1 The two adult Yucatan males differ from any others in the greater extent of the l)ufT tegminal markings. In these specimens the entire anal field is buff, this color breaking through meso-laterad into the broad buff marking bordering the costal margin. These features represent nothing more than color variation, but give the insects a distinctive facies. The British Honduras specimen shows this condition, but the pale areas are less extensive. '-' A number of lice are present on many of these specimens. 23" This general type of subgenilal plate is found in the Ectobiinac in Anaplecta and in the Polyphaginae in Homoeogamia. See plate YIII, fig. 1 1. '■" Synon. Cat. Orlh., i, \i. 169. ♦.MEM. .\M. ENT. SOC, 2. 206 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Generic Description. — Head orbicular; eyes widely separated; ocelli very minute but with surfaces convex; area from between ocelli to clypeal suture smooth, bullate, with a faint, percurrent, dorso-ventral median sulcus. Pronotum heavily supplied with hairs; convex, narrow lateral portions strongly declivent; cephalic and caudal margins truncate, the latter much the broader. Teg- mina divided obliquely into two portions, the proximo-lateral por- tions opaque and hairy, the remaining portions membranous; veins of tegmina very weakly defined; distal portion of the anal sulcus conspicuous, nearly transverse. Wings equal in length to tegmina, greater portion of the venation subobsolete; discoidal vein enlarged in a very elongate costal thickening, median vein delicate, arcuate, terminating in an ovoid thickening, these two thickened areas opaque and adjacent; the proximal portions of the mediastine, ulnar and anal veins are linear and corneous, then suddenly atrophied. Dorsal surface of male abdomen unspecialized ; supra-anal plate, in both sexes, convex to sub-bilobate. Subgeni- tal plate of female convex, strongly so meso-distad, where a val- vular development takes place, with basal sutures of vaJves straight, convergent, from the distal margin of the plate to their acute- angulate juncture. Cerci with joints very distinct in both sexes. Limbs short and rather stout. Cephalic femora with ventro- cephalic margins supplied with a row of minute, chaetiform spines, terminated by two heavy, elongate, distal spines, of which the last is much the longer; other ventral femoral margins unarmed. Median and caudal femora each supplied with a very elongate genic- ular spine. Tarsi relatively small ; pulvilli appreciable distad on first and second tarsal joints, completely filling brief ventral sur- face of succeeding third and fourth joints. Arolia present, moder- ately well developed. Holocompsa nitidula (Fabricius) (Plate VIII, tigures 8 to ii.) 1781. B[hitta] nitidula Fabricius, Spec. Ins., i, p. 345. [[9, from description] Surinam.] Burmeister's cyanea and collaris have been shown to represent the male and female respectively of this species, ^''^ the sexes of which are very dissimilar. 33- Rehn and Hehard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1914, p. 381, (1914). MORGAN HEBARD 207 Characters of Male. — (Key West, Florida.) Size very small, form stout, tegmina and wings projecting well beyond apex of abdomen. Head fully as broad as long; eyes very wideh' separated, abo\'e not extending inward beyond antennal bases; ocelli minute, oval, with surfaces con\ex; occiput, as far \entrad as ocelli, supplied with numerous minute hairs. Pronotum \ery hairy, con\ex, becoming strongly so laterad; cephalic and caudal margins transverse, lateral margins divergent cau- dad and weakly convex; cephalic angles very broadly rounded and very broadly obtuse-angulate, caudal angles broadly rounded and subrectangulate. Scutellum hairy, proportionately large. Tegmina proximad, opaque and hairy, bounded by a concave line from apex of anal vein to apex of discoidal vein; remaining distal portion delicate, hyaline. Wings delicate, hyaline, with two elongate, opaque stigmata at costal margin, which are contiguous. Cerci with eight strongly defined, rounded joints, none much longer than broad, tapering to acute apex. Supra-anal plate moderately transverse, free lateral margins weakly convex, general form sub- bilobate. Subgenital plate with surface convex; weakly and roundly produced sinistro-distad. with apex bearing an elongate, minute style; more weakly and more acutely produced dextro-distad, with apex bearing an even smaller, elongate style; between these productions the distal marginal surface of the plate is nar- rowly flattened, with the margin concave. Characters of Female. — (Key West, Florida.) Agrees with male except in the following features. Somewhat larger and distinctly broader, with tegmina and wings less projecting beyond the apex of the abdomen. Ocelli elliptical. Supra- anal plate very weakly transverse, free margin evenly convex. Subgenital plate with surface con\ex, deeply and sharph' acute-angulate emarginate in mesal quar- ter, this occupied by two valves, with surfaces weakly concave, separated b>' a niedio-longitudinal cleft, as in Conipsodes and suggesting a less specialized type of the condition found in Homoeogamia (pi. VIII, fig. 11). Limbs and armament, pulvilli and arolia, as given in generic description. The coloration of this species affords numerous valuable specific diagnostic characters. The contrast between the sexes, in colora- tion, is very great. Measurements {in millimeters) Key West. Florida (16) 9 Key West, Florida (10) Coloration. — cf . Head, undcrparts and limbs usually blackish. Antennae blackish, with a pale distal annulus, including three or four joints. Pronotum and proximal opaque portions of tegmina, black, with a weak, metallic green-bluc sheen. Distal portions of MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. Length of Length of Width of Length of body pronotum pronotum tegmen 4-8-5 I. 6-1. 8 2.1-2.2 4-4-5 5 • 3-6 . 2 I . 9-2 . 2 2 . 6-2 . 9 4-4-5 208 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE tegmina clear hyaline, scarcely clouded. Wings hyaline, except black stigmata; margin of posterior field clouded. 9 . Pronotum mars yellow to orange rufous, often weakly suffused with dark brown at caudal margin. Head usually slightly darker; antennae similar, suffused with dark brown proximo- mesad ; underparts slightly paler than pronotum. Proximal opaque portions of tegmina black, with a mctallicgreen-blue sheen, stronger than in male; distal portions hyaline, with a faintly yellowish tinge and weakly clouded proximad and distad. Wings hyaline, except black stigmae; margins of anterior and posterior fields clouded, this not as wide as on the posterior field in the male. The above series of twenty-six specimens, in the Philadelphia collections, represents all the material which has as yet been found established in the United States. At Key West, Florida, the species was found with Supella supellectilium, Blattella germmiica, Leurolestes pallidiis and Peri plan eta americana in folds of burlap bags under the counter in a fruit store, and with Blaberus craniijer between old boards in a wood shed. The species is apparently domiciliary and widely distributed through the American tropics. COMPSODES333 new genus Related to Latindia Stal, differing, in the male sex, in the fol- lowing features. ^^^ Head with eyes not very widely separated, the interocular width not decidedly greater than that between the antennal sockets; disk of male pronotum almost perfectly ellip- tical, not decidedly truncate caudad, with a medio-longitudinal, linear sulcus and broad, but not deep, oblique sulci latero-caudad, lacking a transverse, obtuse-angulate, linear sulcus cephalad ; cephalic and caudal femora of male not strikingly enlarged, the caudal femora supplied with a genicular spine as well as the median 333 Prom Koiuipr) and -coStjs, neat looking. '^^* These comparisons are made with the original description of Latindia, the genotype of which is matirella Stal, and specimens of both sexes of the genus before us, representing two species, of which one is North American. Latindia dohrniana Saussure and Zehntncr 1894. Latindia dohrniana Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., i, p. iii, pi. V, fig 7. [ 9 ; Guatemala.] (Tegmina fully developed.) Motzorongo, Vera Cruz, Mexico, II, 1892, (L. Bruner), 2c^, i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. MORGAN HEBARD 209 femora. The females of Latindia are quite similar to the males, in the present genus that sex is very different and entirely apterous. Genotype : Compsodes delicatiiliis [Latindia delicatiila) (Saus- sure and Zehntner)/''''-^ The genus includes five species; argentiyuis (Rehn), delicatiilus (Saussure and Zehntner), ciicidlatiis (Saussure and Zehntner)^ schwarzi (Caudell) and mexicanus (Saussure), '^"^ males of all of which are at present before us, the female sex of delicatiilus alone being represented or known. Generic Description. — Size very small, form slender. Head of male rounded, hairy between eyes which are very ample, with interspace slightly less, to slightly greater, than that between the antennal sockets, ocelli obsolete. Head of female slightly more flattened, pilose between eyes which are greatly reduced, lateral, with interspace very much greater than that between the antennal sockets, ocelli obsolete. Pronotum of male very weakly convex, transverse elliptical, surface thickly covered with short hairs; disk with a distinct to subobsolete linear medio-longitudinal sulcus and broad, distinct, but not deep, oblique, latero-caudal sulci. Pronotum of female evenly and weakly convex, cephalic margin 335 \Ye have selected this species as the genotype, as it is the sole representative of the genus in which the female is known. Compsodes delicatulus (Saussure and Zehntner) 1894. Latindia delicatiila Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., i, p. 112, pi. V, fig. 7. [c?; Zapote, Guatemala.] Cacao, Trece Aguas, .'Xlta Vera Paz, Guatemala, III, 24 to l\\26, 1906, (Barber and Schwarz), 140", 3 9 , 3 juv. cf , 2 juv. 9 , [U. S. N. M. and Hebard Cln.]. The following features are found to be diagnostic for this species. cf . Interocular space three-fifths that between the antennal sockets. Pronotum almost perfectly elliptical. Tegmina with surface corrugated and heavily supplied with moderately elongate hairs, particularly distad; less ample, less smooth and supplied with much more numerous and longer hairs than in schwarzi. Dextral margin of subgenital plate, from style to base of cercus, fringed with moderately elongate hairs; genitalia otherwise similar to schwarzi. .Arolia microscopic, vestigial, occasionally absent on one or all of the limbs. In the female the eyes are separated by a distance twice that between the antennal sockets. In this sex arolia are absent. 336 Yhe remaining species, which have been described as members of Latindia, are variously distinctive in imp(jrtant features, which will probably necessitate the erection of one or several additional new genera. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 2IO NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE broadly rounding to caudal margin, which is straight, transverse, with latero-caudal angles rather sharply rounded, surface micro- scopically pilose. Mesonotum and metanotum of female with latero-caudal angles weakly acute-angulate produced, with apices broadly rounded; entire dorsal surface microscopically pilose. Tegmlna and wings fully developed in male, absent in female. Tegmina pilose, with marginal and scapular fields very narrow, veins and diagonal channel distinct, discoldal sectors oblique. Cerci of male elongate, with distinct joints, tapering to the apical joint, which is aciculate; of female short, submonolithiform, taper- ing to the acute apex. Subgenital plate of female valvular, with bases of valves straight, convergent from the distal margin of the plate to their acute-angulate juncture. Limbs very slender in male, somewhat heavier in female. Femora unarmed, except for a delicate genicular spine on median and caudal femora. The caudal margin of the cephalic femora not supplied. In the male, with an exceedingly heavy, mesal, projecting tooth, followed by other smaller teeth, as characteristic for that sex in Latindia s. s. Tarsi elongate and slender, without pulvilli. Arolia minute, vestigial or absent. Compsodes schwarzi (Caudell) (Plate X, figures i to 4.) 1903. Latindia schwarzi Caudell, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, p. 165. [cf ; Madero Canyon, Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona.] This species shows close relationship to C. mexicanus (Saus- sure),^" differing from that Insect in the smaller size, proportion- ately less ample tegmina and wings and the once forked or un- branched median vein of the wings. Characters of Male. — (Brownsville, Texas.) Size small, intermediate between that of the smaller C. delicatulus and the larger C. mexicanus. Head with inter- '3" Compsodes mexicanus (Saussure) 1868. Latindia mexicana Saussure, Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 2e ser., xx, p. 100. 1870. Latindia mexicana Saussure, Miss. Sci. Mex., Rech. Zoo!., Orth., p. no, pi. II, figs. 53 to 55. 1894. Latindia tolteca Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., i, p. 113. Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico, IX, (O. W. Barrett), \ & , [A. N. S. P.]. There is little doubt but that tolteca is an absolute synonym of this species, as admitted possible, by the original authors. Their hypothesis, as to the sex of the type, clearly amounts to no more than a wild guess. I MORGAN HEBARD ' 211 ocular space very slightly wider than that between the antenna! sockets; vertex smooth, but thickly dotted with microscopic pits, these the sockets of microscopic hairs. Pronotum transverse elliptical, with greatest width slightly caudad of mesal point; divided by a feeble, linear, medio-longitudinal sulcus; latero-caudal oblique sulci of disk broad and shallow. Tegmina very delicate; diagonal channel very conspicuous to median vein on both tegmina; discoidal sectors not numerous (6 to 7), oblique, the majority springing from the ulnar vein, which parallels the anal sulcus to its juncture with the diagonal channel. Wings hyaline, strongly irides- cent; tinged with buff and pilose in distal area of irregular costal veins; ulnar vein with three arcuate rami, complete to margin of wing. Dorsal abdominal segments unmodified. Supra-anal plate produced, very delicate, with lateral margins con- verging and rounding broadly into distal margin, which is weakly angulato-emar- ginate mesad or nearly transverse. Cerci elongate, with seven joints, these elongate and distincth' articulated, three distal joints small and sharply decreasing in size, the distal joint very sharply conical. CJenital hook situated sinistrad within anal chamber, very elongate and slender, directed dextrad and curving weakly to near the apex, where the shaft is flattened and somewhat expanded, thence brief and very slender, curving sharply cephalo-dorsad to the acute apex. In addition, two curved, chitinous spikes, springing from the same base, are found sinistrad and a single heavier and blunter spike dextrad. Subgenital plate symmetrical, as broad as long, with small, slender, rather elongate styles, symmet- rically placed laterad. between which the distal margin of the plate is moder- ately convex and broadh- truncate. Limbs elongate and slender. Ventro-ceph- alic margins of cephalic femora fringed with short, microscopic hairs. Tarsal joints extremely elongate and slender, caudal metatarsus nearly half as long as the elongate caudal tibia. Minute, microscopic, vestigial arolia present. The female of this species is unknown. Measurements {in millimeters) Esperanza Ranch, Texas. . . (2) Brownsville, Texas (2) Sierra El Tosti, Mexico .... (3) San Jose del Cabo, Mexico. . (3) General coloration huffy, diaphanous. Head cinnamon brown, eyes black. Underparts and limbs ochraceous-buff. Pronotum with disk dilute cinnamon brown, lateral margins transi)arent, tinged with buckthorn brown, moderately broad caudad. broader laterad. Tegmina transparent, buckthorn brown. Wings hya- MEM. .\M. ENT. SOC, 2. Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen 6-6 . 3 I.S-I.8 2 . 6-2 . 7 7 ■ 2-7 ■ 5 2 . 7-2 . 8 5 • 3-6 ■ 5 1. 7-1. 7 2.3-2.4 6 . 2-6 . 8 2.4-2.4 5 ■ 4-5 • 5 1.7-1.S 2. 1-2.2 6.4-6.8 2.2-2. 5 5.,V5-9 I . 6- 1 . 7 2-2 2 6.4-7 2. 1-2.6 212 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE line, with a faint huffy tinge, strongly iridescent; area of costal veins nearly opaque, light ochraceous-buff. In addition to the type locality, the present species was pre- viously known only from Brownsville, Texas. Specimens Examined: 19; 19 males. Beeville, Texas, X, 24 and XI, i, (E. A. Schwarz), 2 cT, [U. S. N. M.]. Sabinal, Tex., Ill, 1910, (F. C. Pratt), i d^, [U. S. N. M.]. Nueces River in Zavalla County, Tex., VII, i, 1910, (F. C. Pratt), i cf , [U. S. N. M.] Brownsville, Tex., II, 24, 1909, (F. C. Pratt), i d', [A. N. S. P.]; IV, 30, 1909, (H. S. Barber), i cf , [Hebard Cln.]. Esperanza Ranch, Brownsville, Tex., VI, 1904, (C. Schaeffer), 2 cf, [Bklyn. Inst, and Hebard Cln.]. Sabino Basin, Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, VIII, 15 to 21, 1916, (Lutz and Rehn), i d^, [A. M. N. H.]. Madero Canyon, Santa Rita Mountains, Ariz., VI, 7 to 14, 1898, (E. A. Schwarz), 3 d", type and paratypes, [U. S. N. M.]. Sierra El Tosti, Lower California, Mexico, X, 1893, (G. Eisen), 4 d", [Cal. Acad- Sci. and Hebard Cln.]. San Jose del Cabo, L. Cal., Mex., 3 cf , [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. ATTAPHILA Wheeler 1900. Attaphila Wheeler, Amer. Nat., xxxiv, p. 860. In addition to the single North American species originally described, four likewise myrmecophilous species of the genus have since been described by Bolivar from South America. •''^^ The remarkable antennae, with all but the second and third joints decidedly longer than wide, are, in that author's opinion, sufficiently different from those of the other known species of roaches, to war- rant the erection of a new subfamily, which he terms, the Atta- philinae.'^^'-* Kirby, in 1904 placed the genus in the Polyphaginae.'*'' 338Conuinic. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, i, ]->. 334, (1901). {Attaphila ber^i.) Mitteil. Schweiz. ent. (lesellsch., xi, pp. 137 to 138, (1905). {Attaphila aptera, sexdentis and schuppi.) '•■'* Comunic. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, i, 334, (1901). 3<» Syn. Cat, Orth., i, p. 173. MORGAN HEBARD 213 In 1908, Shclford, without comment, placed Attaphihi last of the genera of the Phyllodromiinae^^^ ( = Pseudomopinae). Though monographic studies may pro\'e the Attaphilinae a valid sub- family, we feel that the wisest present course is to assign the genus to the Corydiinae, the numerous hairs on the exposed surfaces of the body, evenly convex head, without ocelli, in both sexes, and the ventral femoral margins armed only distad, except the cephalic margins of the caudal femora, leading us to this conclusion. The apparently distinctive antennal characters found, very possibly, may be merely representative of the high specialization of a more common type to exceptional environmental conditions. Genotype by monot^^py: Attaphila fungicola Wheeler. Generic Description ?'^- — Size minute, form elliptical. Exposed surface clothed with scattered hairs. Head very broad, ocelli and ocellar areas obsolete. Eyes greatly reduced. Antennae with all but second and third joints decidedly longer than wide. Pronotum evenly convex, with caudal margin transverse. Tegmina: de- cidedly reduced with venation obsolete, or absent in male; absent in female. Wings: vestigial pads or absent in male; absent in female. Dorsal abdominal segments unmodified in both sexes. Limbs stout, tarsal joints very short, without pulvilli. Cephalic femora with margins unarmed, except for a few distal hairs on the ventro-cephalic margin, terminated by a single, small, delicate spine. Median and caudal femora each with a heavy and very elongate genicular spine. X'cntral margins of same supplied with a few hairs, except cephalic margin of caudal femora, which is supplied with several stout spines. Proportionately very large arolia present, completely filling the area between the exceedingly delicate tarsal claws. ^^' Gen. Ins., Fasc. 73, Orlh., Blattidae, Phyllodroniiinac, p. 23. ^^2 The genus and species are described together by Wheeler. We give the following characters found in the type species (excepting those qualifying tegminal and wing development), which appear worth\- of generic rank. Without being able to examine Bolivar's species, we can not state whether these are all attributable to Attaphila as restricted in the diagnosis giv^en above. Bolivar fails to state definitely the spine for- mulae of the limbs. In his generic description he gives " Femures con espina apical superiormentc . . . :" certainly in part an incorrect statement, as in none of the roaches we have seen arc the cephalic femora furnished with a tlorso-distal genicular spine. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 214 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Attaphila fungicola Wheeler (Plate X, figures 5 and 6.) 1900. Attaphila fungicola Wheeler, Amer. Nat., xxxiv, p. 860, figs. 3 to 6. [4 d', 2 9 , 60 juv'.; University of Texas, [Austin], Texas.] This, the smallest species of the known North American Blattidae, is the only described form of the family found on this continent north of IVIexico, in which pure symbiosis with ants occurs. The species is treated fully by Wheeler; not only is a very thorough diagnosis given, but its habits, environment and relationship with the host, Atta fervens Say, are also discussed in detail. Characters of Male. — -(Austin, Texas.) Size minute; form stout, elliptical; ex- posed surface clothed with scattered, rather elongate hairs. Head very broad, occiput extensive and evenly convex, ocelli absent. Eyes vestigial, greatly reduced, lateral, concealed except latero-ventrad by the latero-cephalic angles of the pro- notum, and separated by a comparatively considerable distance from the antenna! sockets. Antennae moderately stout; first joint about three times as long as its basal width, second not as wide, with length equal to width, third slightly shorter, succeeding joints increasing decidedly in length to eighth, of which the sixth is the heaviest. 5" The joints beyond the first are carried normally at a decided angle to it, laterad. Pronotum ample, evenly convex; cephalic margin straight, transverse, rounding broadly into the divergent, weakly convex lateral margins, latero-caudal angles bluntly rounded subrectangulate, caudal margin transverse, showing a slight convexity. Tegmina rhomboidal, extending laterad slightly beyond base of first dorsal abdominal segment, without trace of veins, at costal margins the more pro- duced, rounding broadly into distal margins which are truncate, weakly oblique to sutural margins, which slightly overlap. Wings vestigial pads, with weak traces of venation. Dorsal abdominal segments unmodified, with lateral margins mod- erately convex and latero-caudal angles broadly rounded. Supra-anal plate very small, triangular, with apex bluntly rounded. Cerci represented by rounded lobes scarcely longer than wide, dorsal surface deplanate, ventral surface convex. Sin- istrad within the anal chamber, a delicate, slender, elongate genital hook is pro- duced caudad,^'''' then curving sinistrad to apex which, due to the continued curva- ture, is directed cephalad, the shaft expanding very slightly distad. Meso-dextrad, adjacent to the genital hook, a sharp, straight, aciculate process is directed caudad.'" Characters of Female. — (Austin, Texas.) Agrees with male except in the follow- ing features. Form decidedly broader, broadly oval. Tegmina and wings absent. Mesonotum with latero-caudal angles rectangulate and sharply rounded; metano- 3^' As observed by Wheeler, the antennae in this species are always incomplete, having been clipped off by the host, Atta fervens. In the series before us the number of remain- ing-joints in the different individuals ranges from i to 6 to 8 to 10. ^*^ Normally this organ is wholly concealed, probably lying along the inner surface of the subgenital plate. '■•^ This latter organ is more often apparent than the genital hook and is described and figured by Wheeler. MORGAN HEBARD . 215 turn with these angles rectangulate, but bkintly rounded. "Posterior edges of the lamina supra-analis notched in the middle. Cerci with a very clearly circum- scribed linear white spot on the dorsal surface. Subgenital plate large, nearly as long as broad, evenly rounded behind."'^* Measurements {in millimetersY*'' Length Length Width Lengtli Width Length j-71 of of pro- of pro- of of of cau- body notum notum tegmen tegmen dal tibia Austin, Texas 2.65 .945 1.65 .95 1.35 .59 Austin, Texas 2.7 1.06 1.89 .71 1.53 .59 Austin, Texas 2.7 .95 i 77 -Ji i-35 — 9 Austin. Texas 2.45'''^'^ .945 1.9 — -55 The dorsal contour of the insect is strongly convex, the male tegmina rounding laterad, so that the costal margins are below the lateral abdominal suture. In consequence, were the pronotum and tegmina flattened out, an increase would be found for the dimensions given. Wheeler's figures 3 and 4 are of the dorsal aspect of the insect, thus the cephalic margin of the pronotum and the costal margins of the tegmina are not visible, due to the convexity of the dorsal surface. Coloration. — Amber yellow, sometimes suffused with sudan brown, the suffusion strongest on the limbs. Eye facets blackish brown. Immature specimens before us of both sexes, as stated by \\ heeler, resemble the female except in the smaller size and the distinctly paler coloration. The habits of this singular roach and its unmolested presence in large numbers in the fungous gardens of the ant, Atta fervens Say, are fully discussed in the paper in which the species is described. The species is known only from the type locality. Specimens Examined : 12; (•> mahs, i female and 5 immature individuals. Austin, Texas, II, 19, 1903, (W. M. Wheeler), 6 0^,1 ?, i ju\-. cf, 2 juv. 9, 2 small juv., [A. X. S. P.. Hebard CIn. and U. S. N. M.]. 3-"= The distal portion of the abdomen is, in the single female before us, drawn in and somewhat shrivelled. We conseqiientl}' quote these features from Wheeler's original description. ^■'^ Taken under the microscope. 2** Distal portion of abdomen retracted in this specimen. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 2l6 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Subfamily POLYPHAGINAE We follow Kirby in separating this section from the Corydiinae. These two subgenera are distinctive in having the wings, when present, with anal field plane, not folding fan-wise. The males of the Polyphaginae show the greatest ocellar de- velopment and specialization found in the Blattidae, this consti- tuting one of the most satisfactory single characters to separate the Polyphaginae from the Corydiinae. In the species of the present subfamily, the sexes are exceedingly dissimilar. The females of some species differ from the males in all but a few generic diagnostic characters, such as the number of apical spines on the tibiae. The following characters are considered diagnostic for the present subfamily. Head of males, with ocellar areas strongly defined and ocelli large, with surfaces convex; of females, greatly simplified, without strongly defined ocellar areas and ocelli represented by indistinct spots. Pronotum and tegmina (when present), thickly covered with hairs. Tegmina of males, with venation distinct- Subgenital plate of females, simple; or valvular with basal margins of valves forming a deep acute-angulate emargination.^^'-' Sub- genital plate of male with, or without, styles. Limbs with ventral margins of femora unarmed, but very hairy; or with a single distal spine on cephalic margin of cephalic femora, or, in the females of some species, with a few nodiform processes meso-proximad on these margins. Median and caudal femora with, or without, a dorsal genicular spine. Tarsi with, or without, pulvilli and arolia. We have thought it best to include, in the present study of this subfamily, all of the North American material before us; this representing examples from localities as far south as the state of Guerrero, Mexico. This material is by far the largest representa- tion of the Polyphaginae ever studied, 568 specimens. All of the species found in the United States should be found in Mexico, while the correlation of the purely Mexican species is of great importance in working out the relationship of the forms distributed north of that country. '"This type is found in tiie Ectobiinae in Anaplecta and in the Corydiinae in IIolo- compsa and Compsodes. MORGAN HEBARD 217 The North American species of the Polyphaginae, owing to Rehn's studies. -^'^'^ require but little revisionary treatment at the present time. The much larger series now available, however, offer an opportunity to ascertain further the relative values of the char- acters which have been used and the degrees of variation found in the different species. Moreover, numerous important male genitalic characters have been found and are here described in detail. It is evident that the genera here considered have a wide distribution in Mexico; the small series available from that country have proven most interesting and valuable, but, until extensive field work has been accomplished in the regions south of the southern border of the United States, no definite knowledge of the different species distribution in that territory can be obtained. To the history furnished by Rehn in his revision, we may add that the subgenera, described in that paper, have since been properly raised to generic rank,'*-^^ while names, which have been proposed for forms or races of three of the species, are here placed in their proper synonymy. The Old World genus Polyphaga undoubtedly includes more than one generic unit, as is shown by material in the exotic collections now before us. None of the North American species have pulvilli or arolia. Key to the North American Species of the Polyphaginae {based on males^^^) A. Marginal and scapular fields of tegmina broad. Subgenital plate with styles. (Supra-anal plate produced in a delicate bilobate projection. Cerci jointed, evenly tapering. Cephalic femora with ventro-cephalic margin hau-y, these hairs shorter distad, with a single heavy and elongate distal spine. Median and caudal femora alone bearing a single dorso-cephalic genicular spine, this spine stout and elongate. Cephalic tibiae bearing nine spines. Median and zm \ Revision of the Orthopterous Genus Honioeogamia. Proc. .Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1903, pp. 177 to 192, (1903). 351 Caudell, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xliv, p. 605, (1913). 352 Within the orifice formed by the supra-anal and subgenital plates, which wc here designate as the anal chamber, we find, in males of the present group, de.xtrad two plate- like structures, here termed the dextro-dorsal and de.xtro-ventral plates, and sinistro- dorsad a long, slender, chit inoiis process, here termed the genital hook. These structures show features of very great specific diagnostic value and it is unfortunate that they can seldom be observed without removing the subgenital plate. It is for this reason that we term them concealed t;enitalia,in apposition to the wholly external or internal gcmtahc features. MEM. .A.M. ENT. SOC, 2. 2l8 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE caudal tibiae bearing six apical spines.) (Size large. Dextro-dorsal and dextro- ventral concealed genital plates are two smooth, brief, corneous lobes; concealed genital hook facing inward in form of interrogation point and not enlarged near apex.) Homoeogamia mexicana Burmeister ^^^ AA. Marginal and scapular fields of elongate tegmina narrow. Subgenital plate without styles. B. As in first parentheses under A, but with cephalic femora lacking a distal spine on the ventro-cephalic margin. Concealed genital hook curved inward. Subgenital plate not specialized. C. Concealed genital hook not enlarged near apex. Dextro-dorsal concealed genital plate, a narrow, elongate lobe; dextro-ventral concealed genital plate very large, with surface concave (and margins irregularly rounded). D. Size large to medium. Dextro-ventral concealed genital plate with margins very broadly and strikingly shagreenous. Interocular space nor- mally about half as wide as interocellar space. Arenivaga bolliana (Saussure) DD. Size medium to rather small. Dextro-ventral concealed genital plate with margins very briefly and obscurely roughened or smooth. •''''■' Arenivaga rehni new species CC. Concealed genital hook enlarged near apex, barbed. Dextro-ventral concealed genital plate, a very large, oval lobe, with surface strongly convex (hiding in part the smaller dextro-dorsal concealed genital plate). D. Size medium to rather small. Dextro-ventral concealed genital plate without projection. Interocular space normally less than interocellar space. Marking of pronotum not pictured .. Arenivaga erratica Rehn DD. Size rather small. Dextro-ventral concealed genital plate with elon- gate, heavy spike, directed meso-dorsad. Interocular s])ace normally sub- equal to interocellar space. Marking of pronotum pictured, except in suffused condition Arenivaga apacha (Saussure) BB. Supra-anal plate not produced, distal margin weakly convex. Cerci not jointed, not evenly tapering. Femora with margins and genicular areas very hairy but unarmed. Cephalic tibiae bearing eight spines. Median and caudal tibiae bearing seven apical spines. Concealed genital hook curved outward. Subgenital plate with specialized organ proximo-sinistrad. 353 We have omitted reference to guttipennis and aequalis in the present key, names very probably synonyms of mexicana. See discussion under genus Homoeogamia, page 221. ^^* Owing to the lack of materia! over the greater portion of this species' distriliution, we are unable to give the normal width of the interocular space. Decided variation occurs, see page 230. MORGAN HEBARD 219 C. Size rather small. Pronotum strongly transverse. Tegmina with weakly oblique discoidal sectors. From base of concealed genital hook, s[)rings an- other appendage of equal length, with acute, elongate, chitinous apex. Eremoblatta subdiaphana (Scudder) CC. Size very small. Pronotum very weakly transverse. Tegmina with longitudinal discoidal sectors. From base of concealed genital hook, springs another appendage, with acute, abbreviate, chitinous apex. Eremoblatta hirsuta new species Other features, requiring more detailed discussion and in con- sequence omitted from the above key, offer further aid in separating some of the more closely related species. The male concealed genitalic features are distinctive in each species, but can only be properly studied when the subgenital plate has been removed. Key to the North America?! Species of the Polyphaginae {based on females) Females are much heavier and broader than the males of the respective species and have the limbs decidedly heavier, with homologous spines relatively heavier and longer. In the females the length of the tarsal joints is decidedly reduced to varying degrees. As this sex is evidently a decidedly less specialized con- dition, much fewer specific differential characters are to be found, ''■^^ though remarkable generic differences exist. A. Head somewhat similar to that of male, but larger and broader, with interocular space much greater and ocelli absent. Tegmina present, of length of abdomen, cor- neous, the surface densely shagreenous; wings represented by brief pads. Sub- genital plate valvular, compressed and decidedly produced meso-distad, with a percurrent, linear, medio-longitudinal sulcus, the nearly vertical sides of the valves longer than wide and roughly trigonal, their basal sutures convergent to their acute-angulate juncture ])roximad. Cephalic femora with ventro-cejihalic margin hairy, these hairs more closely set, shorter and stouter distad, suggesting chaeti- form spines, terminated distad by a heavy, elongate sjiine. Homoeogamia mexicana (Burnuister) AA. Head remarkabK' different from that of male. Tegmina and wings absent. Subgenital jilate broadly convex in general form, witht)ut a sulcus or any decided production meso-distad. Cephalic femora lacking a distal si)ine. ^^ Indeed, as may be seen in the key, none of the characters which separate females of Arenivaga rehni, erratica and apacha are sufficiently decided to enable one, not familiar with females of the three species, to determine occasional individuals of this sex with certainty. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 220 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE B. Transverse clypeal swelling of face deep. Body covered with minute hairs; longer hairs along the margin, particularly cephalad. Cephalic femora with ventro-cephalic margin hairy proximad, succeeded in distal half by a rather closely set row of short, chaetiform spines. C. Size large to medium, form suborbicular. (General color blackish; cephalic margin of pronotum often rather narrowly buff, the caudal margin of this marking brace-shaped.) Arenivaga bolliana (Saussure) CC. Size medium to rather small, form decidedly more elongate. D. Form elliptical. General color immaculate reddish brown. Arenivaga rehni new species DD. Form broad ovate. General color reddish brown, often narrowly paler mesad along cephalic margin of pronotum. E. Limbs more elongate and slender. Segments of abdomen normally each bearing laterad a more or less strongly defined darker dot. Arenivaga erratica Rehn EE. Limbs shorter and stouter. Segments of abdomen normalh' immacu- late Arenivaga apacha (Saussure) BB. Transverse clypeal swelling of face not as deep. Body thickly covered with minute hairs; very much longer hairsalong the margin, particularly latero-caudad. Cephalic femora with ventro-cephalic margin bearing a few stout, very short, rather closely placed, knob-like spines proximad, succeeded in distal two-thirds by a weakly arcuate row of very widely spaced, stout, very short, knob-like spines. (Size medium small to small; form suborbicular. General color immaculate reddish brown, hairs golden.) C. Pronotum distinctly transverse. Hairy covering heavy. Eremoblatta subdiaphana (Scudder) CC. Pronotum very weakly transverse. Hairy covering very heavy. Eremoblatta hirsuta new species The immature males approximate much more closely the adult females, than they do adults of their own sex. This is shown by the enlarged and much less specialized head, with eyes much re- duced and well-defined ocelli absent (these indicated only by spots), and by the pronotal and abdominal contour. The species found within the United States are all from the Southwest, where they represent the only forms of the Blattidae inhabiting the desert regions proper. Some species of Parco- hlatta and Compsodes schwarzi, also occur in the Southwest, but are confined in distribution to the desert and semi-desert mountain areas, being rarely found out on the desert floor and then only as migrants from their preferred environment. The exotic species of the Polyphaginae are also, in large part, primarily desert in- habitants. MORGAN HEBARD 221 HOMOEOGAMIA Burmeister 1838. Ilomoeogamia Burmeister, Handb. Ent., ii, abth. ii, ])t. i, p. 490. Genotype, by monotypy: Ilomoeogamia mexicana Burmeister. This genus differs from Arenivaga and Eremohlatta in the arma- ment of the cephalic femora in both sexes; in the male, the mar- ginal field of the tegmina is broader and styles are present on the subgenital plate; in the female, distinctive and somewhat reduced tegmina and atrophied wings are present and the subgenital plate is valvular, the valves remarkably produced and compressed. In both Homoeogamia and Arenivaga the male tegmina usually (except in A. erratica) show a faint glassy luster, never as pro- nounced as in Eremohlatta. Homoeogamia mexicana Burmeister (Plate IX, figures i and 2.) 1838. II[nnwcfl'^amia] mexicana Burmeister, Handb. Ent., ii. abth. ii, pt. i, p. 490. [d", 9 ; -Mexico.] There is every probability that both gitttipennis^'''^ and eqiialis^'"'' of Walker are synonyms of the present species. If this is true, Saussure's azteca,^'^^ now placed as a synonym under giittipennis, will also be referred to the present synonymy. Both sexes of the present species are distinctive in appearance from the species of the other American genera of the Polyphaginae. The numerous characters by which the species is distinguished are given in the preceding keys. We would note that the styles of the male subgenital plate are situated laterad; they are moderately stout, cylindrical and about fi\c times as long as broad. Measurements {in millimeters) Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico 22 . 5 Jalapa, V^era Cruz, Mexico 23 Tacubaya, Distrito Federal, Mexico ^^ 1869. Zetobora guttipennis Walker, Cat. Dermapt. Saltat. and Blatt. Siippl. Br. Mus., p. 123. [cf , Eastern slope of mountains of southern Mexico.] 3^" i-Sji. Polyptiaga aeqtialis Walker, Cat. Dermapt. Saltat. Br. Mus., v, Suppl. Cat. Blatt., p. 3. [cj". South Mexico.] ^^1893. [Homoeogamia] azteca Saussure, Rev. Suisse Zool., i, p. 296. [a^, 9; [Omilteme, Guerrero, 8000 feet,) Mexico.] MEM. \y\. ENT. SOC, 2. Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of body pronotum pronotum tegnien tegnien 22.5 7-4 II 29.8 10.8 23 6.7 10.4 29-3 10 22,5 6.7 10.7 29 . 6 10.8 222 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Length Length Width Length Width 9 of of of of of body pronotuni pronotum tegmen tegmen Distri to Federal, Mexico 21.3 7.6 12.4 19. i 9.3 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico 24 . 3 8.1 13.7 21 . i 9.9 Uruapan, Michoacan, Mexico 22.7 8.4 14.3 20.8 9.8 Coloration. — cT. Pronotum solid mars brown, deepest mesad. Head, to clypeus, blackish chestnut brown; eyes prout's brown; ocelli zinc orange; clypeus, underparts and limbs ochraceous- tawny, paler proximad on abdomen. Tegmina translucent to transparent; marginal field ochraceous-buff, with cingulate margin russet; other portions, proximad mars brown for half the extent of the anal field, thence with small, irregular, transparent, colorless patches, these becoming increasingly numerous and larger distad, as the dark ground color becomes more dilute; portion of dextral tegmen, concealed when at rest, in large part hyaline, the diagonal channel broad and polished in proximal portion. Wings hyaline, with an elongate, narrow, opaque,, warm buff area meso-distad on the costal margin, the immediate costal margin beyond this tawny. 9 . Pronotum and head as in male, excepting the much reduced ocelli, which are warm buff. Limbs and ventral surface of abdo- m.en chestnut brown. Tegmina weakly translucent, mars brown, shading distad to dresden brown with irregular, transparent blotches of buckthorn brown, these smaller than the corresponding blotches in the male. Wings hyaline, tinged with ochraceous-tawny. In addition to a male and two females in the National Museum without data, we have had before us 14 specimens; 10 males and 4 females. Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico, (A. Duges), i 9 , [U. S. N. M.]. Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mex., VI, 23, 1898, I cj^ ; VIII and IX, (O. \V. Barrett), 5 cf , lA. N. S. P. and Hebard Cln.]. Distrito Federal, Mex., VII and VIII, 1910, I c^, I 9 , [U. S. N. M.]. Tacubaya, D. F., Mex., VIII, i d" , [Hebard Cln.]. Uruapan, Michoacan, Mex., 1899, (S. N. Rhoads), i 9,'^' [A. N. S. P.]. Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mex., (D. L. Crawford), 3 cf, I 9, [A. N. S. P.]. ^^' Recorded by Rehn as H. azteca. MORGAN HEBARD 223 ARENIVAGA Rehn 1903. Arenivaga Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1903, p. 181. 1913. Arenivaga Caudell, Proc. U. S. Xat. Mus., xliv, p. 605. Genotype, by original selection: Arenivaga bolliana [Ilomoeo- gamia bolliana] (Saussure). This genus differs from Homoeogamia in the absence of a distal spine on the ventro-cephalic margin of the cephalic femora in both sexes; in the male, the marginal and scapular fields of the tegmina are narrower and styles are not present on the subgenital plate; in the female, tegmina and wings are wanting and the subgenital plate is simple. It agrees with Homoeogamia in the armament of the median and caudal femora in both sexes, and, in the male, in the character of the supra-anal plate and the incurved concealed geni- tal hook. In addition to other generic features given in the key, we would state that, in the male, the ocelli are decidedly produced, with face deeply concave; the supra-anal plate is very thin, bilo- bate, and the subgenital plate is of the same asymmetrical character as in Homoeogamia mexicana, but more convex, with dextro-lateral angle much more broadly rounded and distal margin decidedly more concave-emarginate. In the females, the narrow, greatly reduced eyes terminate dorsad above the antennal sockets, while the clypeal swelling terminates dorsad distinctly below a line drawn between the antennal bases (extending often as high as the ventral margins of the antennal sockets). In the immature stages of the species of this genus, we find that the males have minute, vestigial styles present laterad on the caudal margin of the subgenital plate. In the immature females, similar vestigial styles are present, laterad on the caudal margin of the eighth ventral abdominal segment, which, with the seventh, disappears in the adult condition, the sixth ventral abdominal segment forming the subgenital plate. Arenivaga bolliana (Saussure) (Plate IX, figures 3 to 5.) 1893. [Homoeogamia] bolliana Saussure, Rev. Suisse Zool., i, fasc. 2, p. 298. [cT, Texas.] 1904. Homoeogamia bolliana variety nigricans Caudell, Mus. Brooklyn Inst. A. & S.. Sci. Bull., i. p. 107. [o'; Esperanza Ranch, Brownsville, Texas.) MEM. AM. EN'T. SOC, 2. 224 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE This Species is much the largest of the present genus. It is closely related to A. rehni, but may be readily separated by its much larger size, distinctive male genital characters, and different form, coloration and pronotal marking, when present, in the female. The males exhibit much color variation; specimens with teg- mina, wings and all but the broad pale cephalic margin of the prono- tum, solid blackish, with a perceptible brownish suffusion, are before us from the Rio Grande valley (Brownsville, Eagle Pass). These have been named nigricans by Caudell. The condition is simply the maximum of intensive coloration found in the species, and every gradation to the normal type is found in the series before us. As we have already frequently observed, in the Orthoptera color variations are by no means worthy of varietal significance, and we consequently place nigricans in the synonymy here. To the given male characters, we would add the following ob- servations. (Waco, Texas.) Interocular width slightly less than, to slightly more than, half the interocellar width. Pronotum with angles usually sharply rounded, some- times quite broadly rounded, as in yl. erratica; this variation sometimes shown on one side and not on the other. Concealed genital hook proportionately very small when compared with that of rehni or erratica, shaft curving gently inward to near distal extremity, which is sharply curved inward, not enlarged, with apex sharp, directed proximad. Dextro-dorsal concealed genital plate, a large, flattened, smooth corneous finger, somewhat arcuate; dextro-ventral concealed genital plate, a large, irregular, corneous disk, strongly concave, with dorsal margins very broadly and strikingly shagreenous. The adult female being hitherto unknown we here describe that sex. 9 ; Carrizo Springs, Dimmit County, Texas. (A. Wadgy- mar.) [Hebard Collection.] Description of Female. Very unlike male, apterous, size much larger, form sub- orbicular. Dorsal surface roughened and leathery, covered with very short, but stout, minute hairs, most of which are usually rubbed oft", except along the mar- gins of the body. Pronotum broad, cei)halic margin evenly arcuate, at an angle of slightly over 90°, caudal margin weakly produced mesad, with sides broadly con- cave. Supra-anal plate transverse, trai)eziform. with distal angles rounded; mesal third of caudal margin truncate, with an indication of mesal emargination. Sub- genital plate very large, roundly produced mesad. MORGAN HEBARD Measureme?its (in millimeters) 225 7| Length of Length of Width of Length of W idth of body [)ronotutn pronotuni legmen tegmen. Dallas. Texas (i) 21 6.2 10.2 25 9.9 Shovel Mountain, Texas(io) 18,4-23 5.6-6.2 9-98 23.3-24.4 9.2-<).8 Carrizo Springs, Texas. (3) 21.7-23.8 5.8-6.4 9.6-10.5 25.3-26.2 9.8-10.7 Mission, Texas (i) 21 6.4 10.2 25.2 10.6 Brownsville, Te.xas. . . . (10) 15.7-19.6 4.8-5.6 7.7-8.9 19.2-22.3 7.7-8.8 Q Width of Width of mesonotum metanotum San Marcos, Texas. ... (i) 20.2 7.7 12.2 i5-7 16 Carrizo Springs, Texas. (2) 20-23.8 8.3-8.7 13. 8-14. 8 17. 2-17. 5 17. 4-18. 3, Carrizo Springs, Texas, Described specimen, (i) 23.2 8.2 14.6 18 18.2 Mission, Texas (i) 23.2 8.2 13,4 16.2 16.8 Brownsville, Texas ... (12)17.2-21 3 6.1-7.4 10.1-11.6 12.1-14.1 12. 8-15 The above measurements show that considerable size variation is to be found in the species. The average smaller size of the Brownsville series is almost certainly due to local environmental conditions. This series is from the dense jungle brush of the river plain; the much larger specimens, normal in this respect, from Mis- sion, but sixty miles from Brow^nsville, were taken on gravelly hillocks, in scattered scrub. Some variability is shown by the material before us in the con- tour of various parts; often the margins of the pronotum, supra- anal or subgenital plates show irregularities. Coloration. — cf. (Maximum recessive.) Head with eyes and face blackish brown; ocelli yellow ocher; clypeus ochraceous-buff, as are the underparts and limbs. Pronotum light ochraceous-bufT, disk heavily suffused with mars brown. Tegmina transparent, light ochraceous-buff, wath a few, very widely scattered flecks of prout's brown, immediate costal margin tawny distad. Wings clear transparent, with an elongate, narrow, opaque, warm Iniff area meso-distad on the costal margin, the margin beyond this tawny. (Maximum intensi\e.) Mead entirely blackish brown, ocelli liver brown. Pronotum solid blackish brown, except for a broad band of ochraceous-buff along the cephalic margin. Teg- mina translucent, solid blackish brown, becoming transparent distad. Wings transparent, strongly and evenh" suffused with MEM. .A.M. P:NT. SOC, 2. 226 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE blackish brown. Every kind of gradation between these extremes is shown by the series before us. 9 . Dorsal surface blackish brown, usually with a bracket- shaped area of ochraceous-tawny mesad on the cephalic margin of the pronotum. Exposed ventral surface of pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum, ochraceous-orange. Limbs and ventral surface of abdomen liver brown, the abdominal segments mesad, excepting the subgenital plate, polished claret brown. Ootheca. — A single ootheca is before us, measuring 9.4 by 5.5 mm. The moderately convex sides are polished, with numerous, very delicate, longitudinal ridges, while toward the suture, weak con- vexities indicate the six pairs of egg cells contained within. The ventral margin is straight, directed moderately upward at the extremities. The suture is formed by a very delicate, high ridge, with margin straight, microscopically roughened by regular and extremely numerous, minute ridges, which run obliquely to the base of the suture on its sides; at one extremity this suture is abruptly terminated, forming a right-angle and in this portion ex- tending to the mesal portion of the extremity of the ootheca, at the other extremity it curves strongly ventrad. At Brownsville we found the species locally numerous under debris and leaf mould under mesquite trees, and in rats' nests, Neo- toma sp., in the jungle brush of the river plain. The easternmost records for the species are Dallas, Waco, Vic- toria, Corpus Christi and Brownsville, Texas, while the western- most records are Bosque County, Kerrville and Pecos High Bridge, Texas.^^° Specimens Examined: 107; 56 males, 25 females and 26 immature individuals. Dallas, Texas, (J. Boll), i c^, probably taken with type, [U. S. N. M.]. Waco, Tex., VII to X, (Belfrage; common at light), 9 o", [M. C. Z.]. Bosque County, Tex., IX, 14 to X, 15, (Belfrage), 9 6", [M. C. Z. and Hebard Cln.]. '"oScudder and Cockereil's record of this species from Las Cruces, New Mexico, .applies properly to a specimen of A. erratica which is now before us. Saussure's record from "New Mexico" is very probably attributable to the same species, for recent very considerable field work, in Texas west of the Pecos and in southeastern New Mexico, has not produced a single specimen of the present species. Rehn has recorded males from Round Mountain, Texas, several times, and females from Austin, Texas, as this insect; the specimens upon which these records were based are before us and likewise represent large examples of A . erratica. MORGAN HEBARD 227 Shovel Mountain, Burnet County, Tex., IX, i to X, 20, 1901, (F. G. Schaupp), 11 c^, [A. N. S. P. and Hebard Cln.]. San Marcos, Tex., i 9 , [A. N. S. P.]. Victoria, Tex., Ill, ,n, 1909, (J. D. Mitchell), i 9 ; (J. D. Mitchell), i o^. i juv. 9. [U. S. N. M.]. Corpus Christi, Tex., (Mrs. S. M. Hughes), i 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Brownsville, Tex., VI, 3 to 6, 1904, (H. S. Barber), 6 cf, i 9 , i juv. 9 ; VIII, 4 and 5, 1912, (Hebard and R. A. Vickery), 4 c/'. 11 9,9 juv. cf . 10 juv. 9 ; XI, 20, 1907, (J. D. Mitchell), i 9 , [Hebard Cln., U. S. N. M. and A. N. S. P.]. Esperanza Ranch, Brownsville, Tex., \'III, I, (C. SchaefFer), i cf', [A. N. S. P.]. Mission, Hidalgo County, Tex., VIII, 5 and 6, 1912, (Hebard; cf lit on bush illuminated while searching at night for Insara, 9 in rats' nest, Neotoma sp.), I cf, I 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Ringgold Barracks, [near Rio Grande], Tex., (Schott), I cf , I 9 , [M- C. Z.]. Kerrville, Tex., IV, 22, 1908, VI, i, 1901, (F. C. Pratt; at light), 2 c^, [U. S. N. M.]. Sabinal, Tex., VI, 2, 1910, (Pierce and Pratt), i 9 , i juv. 9 ; X, 18, 1910, (F. C- Pratt; at light), 2 ^, [U. S. N. M. and Hebard Cln.]. Knippa, Tex., VII, 3, 1910, (F. C. Pratt), 2 juv. d" . [U. S. X. M. and Hebard Cln.]. Uvalde, Tex., VI, 18 to 20, (H. Wickham), i o^, i 9, [U. S. N. M.]. Nueces River, Zavalla County, Tex., IV, 30 and VI, 29, 1910, (F. C. Pratt), i d^, I 9, [U. S. N. M.]. Carrizo Springs, Tex.. (A. Wadgymar), 4 o^. 3 9 , [Hebard Cln., U. S. X. M. and A. X. S. P.]. Eagle Pass, Tex., (Horn), 2 c^, [M. C. Z.]. Devils River, Tex., IV, 1903, (H. A. Pilshry). 2 juv. 9 , [A. X. S. P.J. High Bridge. Pecos River, Tex., (H. A. Pilsbry), 1 9 , [A. N. S. P.]. Arenivaga rehni new species (Plate IX, figures 6 to 10.) Related to .4. holliana and A. crratica, hut differing from both in tlie distinctive male genitalia and eyes, which in the male sex are normally separated by a very I)rief intervab F'rom bol/icuia, the species may further be separated by the average decidedly smaller size and more slender form, and from erratica in the dark pronotal marking of the males, which, in the present species, appears to be always solid, not broken to \-arying degrees, as in the entire series of erratica hQiovQ us. Type. — cf ; San Jose del C'aln), Lower California. (Gustav Eisen.) [Hebard Collection Type no. 408.] MEM. \M. ENT. .SOC, 2. 228 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Description of Type. — Size rather small, form acute elliptical. Head with width between eyes very brief, much less than half that between ocelli. Pronotum con- vexo-trigonal, the basal line being represented by the moderately convex caudal margin; surface covered with minute hairs, cephalic margin more thickly clothed with stouter, longer hairs. Tegmina elongate, subcoriaceous and weakly glossy, apex well rounded; costal margin of tegmina and wings supplied with minute hairs, on the tegmina these become as heavy proximad as on the cephalic margin of the (pronotum. Important characters of armament of limbs and genitalic features given in key. Concealed genital hook very slender, elongate, reaching to near apex of production of supra-anal plate, curving gently inward to near distal ex- tremity, which is sharply curved inward, slightly enlarged, with apex sharp, directed proximad. Dextro-dorsal concealed genital plate, a rather large, flattened, smooth, corneous finger, somewhat arcuate; dextral- ventral concealed genital plate, a large, rounded, corneous disk, moderately concave, with dorsal margins narrowly and feebly shagreenous. Subgenital plate bulbous, irregular in outline, shallowly con- cavo-emarginate distad (as given in generic discussion). Allotype. — 9 ; same data as type. [Hebard Collection.] Description of Allotype.— Very unlike male, apterous, size much larger, form more broadly acute elliptical. Dorsal surface finely roughened, clothed with very short, minute hairs, along the margins these hairs are longer and heavier, particu- larly in the cephalic half. Pronotum broad, cephalic margin arcuate at an angle of about 90°, caudal margin weakly produced mesad, with sides broadly and weakly concave. Supra-anal plate transverse, weakly trapeziform; caudal margin very broadly convex, with an indication of mesal emargination. Subgenital plate large, roundly produced mesad. Measurements {in millimeters) _P[ Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of body pronotum pronotum tegnien tegmen Kits Peak Rincon, Ari- zona 18 5 7.7 23.6 8.6 San Lorenzo, Coahuila, Mexico (2) 17. 2-18. 4 5 6.9-7 I9-5-2I-6 7.8-8.4 San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, /v/>(' 13.3 4.2 6.1 15-6 6.2 San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, paratypes (12)13-18 3 . 9-4 .75. 7-6 .8 15. 3-20 . 9 6-7 . 8 Comondu, Lower Cali- fornia (4) 14. 5-15 3.9-4.3 5.8-6.2 18. 3-19. 5 6.7-6.9 .Sierra El Tosti, Lower California (3) 13. 7- 14 4-4.2 5.8-6.1 16.3-1S.3 5,9-6.1 ;San Pedro, Lower Cali- iornia ( i ) 13 4.2 6.1 15.4 6.2 MORGAN HE BARD 229 Length Length Width Length Width of of of of of body pronotum pronotum tegmen tegmen Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico(i) 14-5 41 6 17 6.4 Jojutla, Morelos, Mex- ico , (I) 14 41 6.1 16.9 6.4 Width of mesonotum Width of metanotum San Lorenzo, Coahuila, Mexico (8) 16. 8-18. 8 6.1-6.3 8.6-8.7 San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, a//o/v/>e . . 18.7 6.3 9.6 San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, paratype . (5) 17.6-1S.4 6.1-6.3 8.2-9.2 Sierra El Tosti, Lower California (5) 15. 8-19 5.8-6.7 8.7-10 10.3-11.6 ll.I-il 10.8-11 II .4-11 .6 1-12.1 II. 4-12. 6 The above measurements show decided size variation in the species, irrespective of geographic distribution. This feature appears to be found in all the species of the subfamily, of which we have sufficient material for such study. In the present series, frequent small males have distinctly more ample tegmina and wdngs than larger individuals of the same sex. Coloration. — All of the material before us from Lower California is dried alcoholic, but the colors appear to have been changed little, if at all. cf. General color light buff. Eyes blackish brown. Inter- ocular space to betw^een the ocelli, dark chestnut browm; other portions of head, underparts and limbs of general coloration. Pronotum of general coloration, with a large, meso-caudal, uni- formly colored blotch of ochraceous-buff, to deep chestnut brown. This marking is sometimes broadly shield-shaped and not con- tinued to the caudal margin of the pronotum ; frequently it is con- tinued to that margin, while in some specimens the marking ex- pands over the entire pronotum, leaving but a narrow^ band of the pale general coloration on the cephalic margin, extending to, and including, the caudal angles. Tegmina of general coloration, slightly more glossy than is usual in erratica, more or less marked with very fine maculations of a slightly darker shade. The tegmina are frequently darkened at the base of the anal sulcus; in some blackish brown, with base of the humeral vein the same color. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 230 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE 9 . General color of dorsal surface bay, often somewhat paler mesad on the proximal portion of the abdomen. Pronotum with lateral margins often with a very narrow, weakly defined, buffy border. Underparts, excepting abdomen, buffy, the face and limbs washed with orange, the tibiae slightly darker and the caudal tibiae heavily washed with bay. Ventral surface of abdomen gla- brous, mahogany red to burnt sienna, the subgenital plate with rough surface approaching bay. Note below decided color differences in other material. Variation.— The interocular width in the males shows very marked variation in some specimens before us. In the Lower Cali- fornia series the majority of males are normal in this respect, a few have this interspace slightly wider, while one or two have the mar- gins of the eyes almost touching. The males from Iguala and Jojutla, both localities in the Rio de las Balsas drainage, agree in being very dark in general coloration; all but the cephalic margin of the pronotum is bone brown, the tegmina of this color, mottled with a slightly paler shade. A simi- lar intensive coloration is found in A. bolliana and A. apacha. In the Jojutla specimen the interocular space is normal; in the Iguala individual it is unusually broad, nearly two-thirds as w^de as the interocellar space, but the example is easily determined by the perfectly normal genitalia. The males from Kits Peak Rincon, Arizona and those from San Lorenzo, Coahuila, are dark in general coloration, agreeing with the specimens from southern Mexico discussed above, except that the tegmina are not as dark. In the one perfect male from the latter locality, the interocular space is exceptionally broad, over two- thirds as wide as the interocellar space. The striking differences in interocular width, size and coloration in these few specimens from so widely separated localities, in our opinion, represent only the decided variation occurring within the species. A much wider knowledge of the species and its distribu- tion must exist before such features, known to be decidedly unstable (but not to such extreme degrees) in scries from the same locality, can be fully and definitely explained. MORGAN HEBARD 23I Specimens Examined: 68; 27 males, 18 females, 10 immature males and 13 immature females. Kits Peak Rincon, Baboquivari Mountains, Arizona, about 4050 feet, \'III, I to 4, 1916, (Lutz and Rehn), 2 d' , [A. M. X. H. and A. X. S. P.]. San Lorenzo, Coahuila, Mexico,' V, (E. Palmer), 2 0^,8 9, [M. C. Z., Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. San Pedro, Lower California, Mex., 1893, i d^, [Hebard Cln.]. Sierra El Tosti, L. Cal., Mex., X, 1893, (G. Eisen), 3 d^, 5 9.3 juv. d", 4 juv. 9 , [Cal. Acad. Sci., Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.]. Comondu, L. Cal., Mex., \\\, 1889, (C. D. Haines), 4 cf, I juv. d", i juv. 9, [Cal. Acad. Sci. and Hebard Cln.]. San Jose del Cabo, L. Cal., Mex., 13 d', 6 9 , type, allotype, paratypes, 6 juv. d^, 7 juv. 9 , [Hebard Cln., Cal. Acad. Sci. and A. X. S. P.]. Jojutla, Morelos, Mex., \'III, 4, 1903, (W. L. Tower), i a". [Tower Cln.]. Iguala, Guerrero, Mex.. IX, 1888, i cf , [Hebard Cln.]. Arenivaga erratica Rehn (Plate IX, figures 11 to 13.) 1903. Homoeogamia {Arenivaga) erratica Rehn, Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila., 1903, p. 187. [d^; Prescott, Arizona.] The present insect is closely related to A. apacha; males may be separated by the distinctive dextro-ventral concealed genital plate in that species, while in erratica the interocular width is normally less than, very rarely equal to, that between the ocelli, and the pronotal marking is normally less decided and never pic- tured. Xo males of the present species before us have the teg- mina much suffused with darker brown, a condition which occurs frequently in apacha. Females of the two species are separable by the decidedly hea\ier and shorter limbs in apacha, this most noticeable in the tibiae; in apacha the fringe of hairs about the cephalic margin of the body is also appreciably heavier. This species, with A . rehni and apacha, averages decidedly smaller than A . hoUiana, but se\-eral males of the present insect from central Texas are larger than the smallest males of boUiana before us. As in the other species of the group, this size xariation appears to be due rather to peculiar local environmental conditions, than to purely geographic influences. In addition to the characters gi\en in the key, the following features are of diagnostic value in the male sex. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 232 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE The interocular width sometimes varies decidedly; normally slightly less than that between the ocelli, we have a few specimens in which these dimensions are subequal, while rarely the interocular width is decidedly less, in one example before us equalling but one-quarter that between the ocelli. Concealed genital hook small and slender, curved gently inward; apex enlarged and blunt, bearing a sharp basal tooth on the inner side directed proximad, thus resembling the barb of a fish hook. Dextro-dorsal concealed genital plate, a large, smooth, ovate, chitinous lobe; dextro-ventral concealed genital plate a flattened, chitinous plate, which shows neither shagreenous surface (as in bolliana and rehni) nor sharp projection (as in apacha). The adult female not having been previously recognized, we here describe that sex, 9 ; Round Mountain, Blanco County, Texas. (F. G. Schaupp.) [Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.] Description of Female.— Wery unlike male, apterous, size much larger, form broad ovate. Dorsal surface rugulose, covered with very short, but stout, minute reddish hairs, these longest along the margins of the body, particularly cephalad. Pro- notum moderately broad, cephalic margin evenly arcuate at an angle of less than 90°, caudal margin almost transverse, very weakly produced mesad, with sides showing a slight concavity. Supra-anal plate transverse, weakly trapeziform; caudal margin weakly convex laterad, with mesal fifth subtruncate, showing an indication of mesal emargination. Subgenital plate very large, roundly produced mesad. Measurements {i)i millimeters) -71 Length of Length of Width of Length of Width of body pronotiim pronotum tegmen tegmen Round Mountain, Texas(3) 15. 4-1 7. 5 5.1-5.3 7-7-8 20.3-21 7,4-7.8 Carrizo Springs, Texas. (9)5" 13. 5-18 4.2-5.7 6-8.7 16.6-22 6.2-8.8 Brownsville, Texas. ... (9) 14. 8-15. 3 4.6-4.9 6.4-6.8 16. 9-17. 6 6.3-6.4 Jemez Springs, New Mexico (3) 1 3. 5-1 6. 5 4-4.7 5.4-6.6 17.8-20.8 7-7.8 Roebles Ranch, Arizona(3) 15-15. 8 4.4-4.6 6.4-6.7 18. 3-19. 2 6.8-7.1 Phoenix, Arizona (8) 13-15 38-4.7 5-3-6.2 I5-I7-7 5-7-^^-8 Cottonwood, California 13.8 4 5.8 15 6 •'"'• A single male furnishes the maximum measurements given, the others appro^imate much more closely the niinimuni. MORGAN HEBARD 233 Q Length of Length of Width of Width of Width of * body pronotum pronotum mesonotum nietunotum Round Mountain, Texas 16 5.4 8.6 11 11. 6 Carrizo Springs, Texas. (6) 13.8-15.3 4.8-5.3 6.8-7.8 8.7-9.7 y. 4-10. 6 Sabinal, Texas (4) 13. 8-14. 8 5-5.2 6.7-7.9 '^■9~9-5 9-7-IO-3 Albuquerque, New Mexico 1 1. 4 4.7 6.5 8 8.6 Adamana, Arizona ... . 12.8 5.2 8 <).7 10 Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona 14.7 5-7 -"^5 9-9 i^-'j Coloration. — cf. This sex shows less color variation than in other species of the genus. General coloration ochraceous-buff. A brown, shield-shaped marking is situated meso-caudad on the pronotum, this is normally finely and weakly marked with a darker shade (a conspicuous development of this darker pattern gi\ing the allied a pacha a distinctive pictured appearance). In rare specimens of extreme recessive coloration, this blotch becomes very pale, with no darker markings whatever. In specimens of extreme intensive coloration it becomes dark brown, the markings again disappearing. In the other species of the genus, we find, in the maximum of intensive coloration, that the homologous pronotal blotch expands, covering all but the cephalic margin of the prono- tum; this does not appear in any of the very large series of erratica now before us. 9 . General coloration, above tawny to burnt umber, the cephalic margin of the pronotum usually vaguely paler, all but the darkest individuals faintly maculate on the pronotum, mesono- tum and metanotum with a darker shade, and laterad a spot of this same color is found, with rare exceptions, in the series before us, on each abdominal segment both above and below. Minute hairy covering tawny. I'nderparts, particularly head and limbs, some- what paler. This species is know^n to range from Waco, south to Goliad and Brownsville, Texas. Westward the most northern localities are Ballinger, Texas; Durango, Colorado; Mescalero Apache Reser- vation and Jemez Hot Springs, New Mexico; Adamana and W'ins- low^ Arizona, and St. (leorge, I'tah; while in California the species is known only from single records — Cottonwood and Ri\erside. The species undoubtedly has an extensive distribution in Mexico, MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 234 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE but is there unknown aside from our single record for the state of Sonora. Specimens Examined: 252; 133 males. 39 females and 80 immature individuals. Waco, Texas, V, 8 to VII, 16, (Belfrage), 4 a", [M. C. Z. and Hebard Cln.]. Bosque County. Tex.. (Belfrage). i c?. [M. C. Z.]. Ballinger, Tex.. (H. Pinkus; at light), i cT. [U. S. N. M.l. Shovel Mountain, Burnet County, Tex., IX, 10, 1901, (F. G. Schaupp), 1 d",! 9, [A. N. S. P.]. Austin. Tex., II. 19. 1903. (\V. M. Wheeler). 2 9 .'"'■^ [A. N. S. P. and Hebard Cln.]; (W. M. Wheeler), 29,1 juv. o\ [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.]. Round Mountain. Tex.. (F. G. Schaupp), 3 c?. i 9 ■''' l^- ^- S- ?•]• Georgetown, Tex., (E. Palmer; in cave), 5 o", 3 9 , 5 Juv. o", [M. C. Z., Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. Goliad, Tex., VII, 28, (R. A. Cushman), 2 d" . [U. S. N. M. and Hebard Cln.]. Brownsville. Tex., IV, 30, 1895- (C H. T. Townsend), 4 d, [U. S. N. M.]. Kerrville. Tex., IV, ii, 1907, (F. C. Pratt; at light). 5 o^, [U. S. N. M. and Hebard Cln.]. San Antonio, Tex., IX, 18 to 27, (E. Palmer), 5 d" , 2 9 , [M. C. Z. and Hebard Cln.]. Cotulla, Tex., IV, 18, 1906, (F. C. Pratt), i juv. 9 ; V. 12. 1906. (Crawford and Pratt), 2 c?, [all U. S. N. M.]. Esperanza Ranch, Brownsville. Tex.. V, 22 and VI, 19. (C Schaeffer), 2 cT, [A. N. S. P. and Hebard Cln.]. Sabinal. Tex., V to VI, 19, 1910, (Pratt and Pierce), 3 o^, 4 ? • 2 juv. cf , 2 juv. 9 , [U. S. N. M. and Hebard Cln.]. Knippa, Tex., VII, 3. 1910, (F. C. Pratt), i juv. o^. [U. S. X. M.]. Carrizo Springs, Tex., (A. Wadgymar), 9 land, Mil, 191 1, (W. Stone), 3 adults, 2 juv., [A. N. S. P.]. Sounding Knob, Highland Count\-, X'irginia, 4400 tect, \'I11, 21, 1916, (Hebard; summit forest, in decaying chestnut log), 2 cT, 4 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Hot Springs, Va., 2400 to 2500 feet, VH. 3 to MI, 26, 1916, (Hebard; in decay- ing chestnut logs and in decaying sap wood of pine logs), 5 cf, 5 9,9 juv., [Hebard Cln.]. MEM. .AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 258 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Collison Ridge, Bath County, Va., 3000 feet, VII, 14, 1916. (Hebard; decaying chestnut log in summit forest), i ? , i juv., [Hebard Cln.]. Foot of Bald Knob, Bath County, Va., 3000 feet, VIII. 14, 1916, (Hebard; few immatures in decaying chestnut log), i juv., [Hebard Cln.]. Bald Knob, Bath County, Va., 3900 to 4000 feet, VIII, 19, 1906, (Hebard; decay- ing chestnut logs at upper limit of forest), 5 ? - 4 Juv., [Hebard Cln.]. Natural Bridge, Va., VIII, 4, 1915. (?• ?• Calvert), i c?, [A. N. S. P.]. Draper's Valley, Va., i nearly adult cf, type, [M. C. Z.]. Mountain Lake, Giles County, Va., VII, 28, 191 5, (P- P- Calvert), i adult, [A. N. S. P.]. Stone Mountain, Va., (Pollock), i adult, [U. S. N. M.]. Cumberland Mountains, Lee County, Va., VIII, 1879, (H. G. Hubbard), i adult, [M. C. Z.]. Blowing Rock, North Carolina, (Willcox), i 9 , [A. N. S. P.]; VII, 19. 1903. (A. P. Morse), 5 adults, i juv., [Morse Cln.]; VIII, 13, (G. P. Englehardt), 6 adults, [Bklyn. Inst.]. Linville, N. C, VII, 18, 1903, (A. P. Morse), i adult, 10 juv., [Morse Cln.]. Pisgah Forest, N. C, VIII, 12, 1908, 2 adults, i juv., [U. S. N. M.]. Sulphur Springs, N. C, 2500 feet, V, 25 to VI, 13. 1904. (Hebard; in decaying chestnut logs), 45 adults, 35 juv., [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. Old Bald Mountain, N. C, V, 14, 1904. (Hebard), 3 adults, i juv., [Hebard Cln.]. Balsam, N. C, VII, 23, 1903, (A. P. Morse), i adult, [Morse Cln.]. Black Rock Mountain, Georgia, 3000 feet, V, 20 to 25, 191 1, i juv. d", [Hebard Cln.]. Wilson Gap, Mountain City, Ga., VIII, 22, 1913. (J- C. Bradley), 6 adults, 2 juv. [Ga. State and Hebard Clns. and A. N. S. P.]. Clayton, Ga., 2000 to 3700 feet, VI, 1909. (W. T. Davis), 4 adults, 2 juv., [Davis Cln. and A. N. S. P.]; VIII, 18, i d^, [Ga. State Cln.]. Rome, Georgia, 700 to 1500 feet, VIII, 31 - i 9 , [A. N. S. P.]. Delashmut Creek, West Virginia. VII, 21, 1900, i adult, [U. S. N. M.]. Coalburg, West Va., 1874, (Edwards), 1 adult, [M. C. Z.]. Hinton, West Va., (W. P. Hay), i adult, [U. S. N. M.]. South Robling, Kentucky, VII, 19- (H. Garman), i juv.. [M. C. Z.]. Near Mammoth Cave, Ky., X, 2, (Putnam), i juv., [M. C. Z.]. Between Osceola and Greensburg, Ky., VII, 17, (H. Garman), 2 small juv., [M. C. Z.]. Corbin, Ky., VIII, 24, i juv., [U. S. N. M.]. Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, (G. Dimmock), i adult, [M. C. Z.]. Chehalis, Washington, VII, 1896, 1 d", [Hebard Cln.]. Glendale, Oregon, VII. 12, 1909, (Rehn and Hebard; in decaying hr logs), 3 cT, 39,9 juv. d' in last instar, i juv. 9 in last instar, i small juv. d", [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.). 1 I MORGAN HEBARD 259 SUPPLEMENT. ADVENTI\^E MATERIAL In the following pages are listed the Blattidae which, in various ways, have been found to be adventive, but not established, in portions of the United States and Canada. These represent thirty-one species, of which eight are also native in southern por- tions of the United States. One hundred and forty-one specimens have been examined. It is clear that almost any exotic species may be carried alive by commerce to this country, this being facile in the case of forms which are domiciliary to various degrees. It is equally evident that, unless particularly adapted to the environmental and climatic conditions encountered, hardly any possibility exists of their becoming permanently established. Thus, species from Europe and other regions of temperate climate might easily be- come firmly established. Species from the tropics, however, could not survive in the United States, except possibly in the very limited tropical areas on the southern border of this country, or elsewhere under precarious artificial conditions. The enormous number of species which might be brought to this country, without any likelihood of becoming established, is illustrated by the observations made by the author on the fruit steamer "Tenadores." After leaving New York with hold empty, eight species of tropical Blattidae were secured ; of these four only have been found adventive in United States. Of these four, two are also apparently native in the southernmost regions of the United States; none have been introduced and become established. To treat fully each species which is recorded as adventive, but not established, would in consequence be of little real value. The systematic analysis would require a comparative discussion and treatment of allied species which have no bearing whatever on the species native in the United States. In the preparation of the present paper, we have made no effort to discuss the adventive species, but careful comparisons have been made with all of the related exotic species available, and the literature has been studied for all of these, in order to insure as nearly correct determinations as possible. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC. 2. 26o NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE In the main portion of the present work which we feel satisfied are estabUshecl ad are ftdly treated. the following ten species, ventives in this country, Blattella germanica Supella SHpellectilium Syniploce lita Leurolestes pallidus Blatta orientalis Periplaneta australasiae Periplaneta brunnea Neoslylopyga rhombifolia Blaberiis craniifer Holocompsa 7iitidula Probable origin Europe Circumtropical American tropics Circumtropical Asia Asia American tropics Circumtropical North American tropics American tropics Distribution in United States General Tropical Florida Tropical Florida Tropical Florida General Southeastern United States Southeastern United States Southern Arizona Tropical Florida Tropical Florida It is of interest to note that these species are all domiciliary, or at least they prefer to live under the changed conditions brought about by the proximity of human habitations. Six of these species have become established only in the extremely limited tropical areas on the southern border of the United States. The adventives of frequent occurrence, but not established in all, or in all but the southernmost portions, of the United States, are seven in number; of these Periplaneta australasiae is established in the southeastern United States, Pycnoscelus surinamensis appears to be a species native in the southern portions of that area, while Pajichlora cubensis is native in the tropical Brownsville region of Texas. I Nyctibora noctivaga Nyctibora laevigata Ep-ilampra maya Periplaneta australasiae Pycnoscelus snrina mensis Panchlora cubensis Blaberiis discoidalis The remaining species are known to be rarely adventivc; — of these there is a possibility that Ischnoptera rufa occidentalis has become established on the Gulf Coast; while Parcoblatta lata, Eurycotis floridana, Periplaneta americana and brunnea and Holo- compsa nitidula, are rarely introduced in the portions of the country where they are neither native or estal)lishe(l. It may be noted that the importation of tropical fruit is easily the chief means of introduction of exotic Blattidae. MORGAN HEBARD 26 I We have been fortunate in ha\'ing additional material for com- parison, from places where the species arc native, of all the species here considered, excepting Platyzosteria bifida and Hor- metica advena. PSEUDOMOPINAE Latiblattella species A female of a species of this genus, related to L. pavida (Rehn), is before us. As the steamship Tenadores had on previous trips loaded bananas only at Bocas del Toro, Panama, and Limon, Costa Rica, the material found on that ship and recorded in the present paper was almost certainly taken on at one of the two places. S. S. Tenadores. en route New York to Jamaica. X. ig, 1913, [Hebard; alive in hold), I 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Cariblatta insularis (Walker) 1868. Blatta insularis Walker, Cat. Blatt. Br. Mus., p. loi. [ ?, Jamaica.] This very small insect, with head strikingly marked, delicate picturing of the pronotum and two proximal darker dashes on each of the elongate tegmina, is known to be native in Porto Rico, Jamaica and Antigua. Washington. District of Columbia, IV, 19, 1910, (H. S. Barber; at light"^), i ,5^, 399 [U. S. X. M.]. Neoblattella fratercula Hebard 1916. Neoblattella fratercula Hebard, Ent. Xews, xxvii, p. 159. [cf, 9; Isla de Cocos, Costa Rica, and material listed below.] The present species is the smallest known of the North American species of Neoblattella. It shows some affinity to N. brunneriana, '»8The specimen is without question ad\entivc, having probably escaped from fruit in nearby stands. 3»s The subgenilal plate of this specimen is evidently distorted and does not agree with a large topotypic Jamaican series before us, which have the subgenital plate symmetrical with sinistral specialized style distinctive. See Hebard, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xlii, p. 175 and p. 160, footnote 16, (1916). In the present specimen the median production of the subgenital plate is distorted: the sinistral style irregularly formed, showing three spines. In all other respects the specimen is normal and these features are in our opin- ion best referable to decided individual abnormality. MEM. .AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 262 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE and also may be said to show the nearest approach, in the present genus, to the South American complex of the genus Cariblatta^^^ Lincoln, Nebraska, VII, 15, (in bananas, probably from Central America), i d', [Hebard Cln.]. S. S. Tenadores, en route New York to Jamaica, X, 19, 1913, (Hebard; dead in hold), 2 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Neoblattella detersa (Walker) 1868. Blatta detersa Walker, Cat. Blatt. Br. Mus., p. 215. [ 9, Jamaica.] This plain and medium-sized species shows a remarkable and distinctive specialization of the male subgenital plate. Material from Hayti and Jamaica is before us. In the latter island the insect is abundant. Green Bay, Wisconsin, VI, i, 1915, (N. F. Howard), i c^, [Hebard Cln.]. Neoblattella nahua (Saussure and Zehntner) 1893. Blatta nahua Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., i, p. 42, pi- iv, figs. 19 to 21. [cf, 9 : Mexico; Atoyac, Vera Cruz, Mexico; Tabasco, Mex- ico.] This large species is closely allied to the genotype, A^'. adspersi- collis (Stal), from which species it is readily separable by excellent male genitalic and other characters. The superficial resemblance of the two species is remarkable. S. S. Tenadores, en route New York to Jamaica, X, 19, 1913, (Hebard; dead in hold), I 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Neoblattella fraterna (Saussure and Zehntner) 1893. Blatta fraterna Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. Cent.-Amer.. Orth., i, p. 44- [cf, Chontales, Nicaragua.] This very broad, medium-sized species is nearest in relationship to A^. nahua, of the known species of the genus, but shows very great differences, not only in size and form, but also in the genitalia of both sexes. S. S.'Tenadores, en route New York to Jamaica, X, 19, 1913, (Hebard; dead in hold), I c?, [Hebard Cln.]. ^'"' See Hebard, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xiii, p. 152, (1916). I MORGAN HEBARD 263 Ischnoptera rufa occiden talis Saussure.^i 1862. I[schnoptera\ occidcntalis Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 2e ser., xiv, p. 170- [ 9 ; [Xew [Orleans, Louisiana].] The specimen listed below and the type of this common reddish insect, furnish the only records of the species from north of \'era Cruz, ]\Iexico. Extensive study and field work along the Gulf Coast in the United States, leads us to be strongly of the opinion that these two northern records are based on advcntive, rather than indigenous, material. Gulf coast of Texas, (Aaron), i ?, [M. C. Z.]. Parcoblatta lata (Brunner) 1865. I[schuopteni] lata Brunner, Xouv. Syst. Blatt., p. 135. (Exclusive of syn- onymy.) [cf. North America?] This species, widely distributed throughout the southeastern United States, is fully discussed on page 126. W'ellesley, Massachusetts, VII, 3, 1916, (A. P. Morse; in house), I 9, [Morse Cln.]. Xestoblatta festae (Griffini) 1896. E[pihimpra] festae Griffini, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. Univ. Torino, xi, no. 236, p. 2. [[9]; Punta de Sabana, Darien.] This relatively robust, shining reddish-brown insect, belonging to a genus of the group Ischnopterites, has recently been fully discussed.^^' S. S. Tenadores, en route Xew York to Jamaica, X, 19, 1913. (Hel)ard: dead in hold), I 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Nyctiborinae Nyctibora noctivaga Rehn 1902. Nyctibora noctivaga Rehn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxix, \). 3. [ 9 ; Machuca- Xicaragua.] This great l)rown roach, one of the largest species of the genus, is found to be native in Central America and Jamaica."" I he ^"i See Hebard, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xlii, p. 352, pi. xvi, fig. 7, (1916). ^°- See Hebard, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xlii, p. 377, pi. xix, figs. 8 to 1 1, (1916). ■"'■■' The only other species of like size, is the apparently very closely related Brazilian N. brunnea of Thunbcrg, of which N. holosericea Burmeister is a synonym, according to Shelford. Serville's N. tometitosa, of which N. latipennis of Burmeister is probably a synonym, as has been admitted by its author (Zeitschr. Ent., Germar, ii, p. 24, (1840)), is even larger, with antennae showing a pale annulus. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 264 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE numerous adventive records of N. holosericea, probably, and the two records of N. mexicana,^^^ from the United States and Canada, apply to this species. In the present genus the immature females differ from adults of that sex in having the subgenital plate strongly triangularly produced dextrad, with apex rounded; in the early stages the seventh ventral abdominal segment is not concealed, the styles remaining visible. S. S. Tenadores, en route New York to Jamaica, X, 19, 1913, (Hebard; found dead), i juv. &, i juv. 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Toronto, Ontario, (E. M. Walker; in bananas), i juv. cf , [Univ. Toronto Cln.]. Framingham, jMassachusetts, V, 25, 1915, (in store), i juv. c?, [Morse Cln.]. Wellesley, Mass., I, 15, 1904, (in bananas), i cf, [Morse Cln.]. Hyde Park, Mass., X, i, 1903, (M. E. Cherrington; in house), i juv. 9, [Morse Cln.]. Dalton. Mass., I, 2. 1899. (E. A. Halle), i juv. &, [U. S. N. M.]. Lynchburg, Virginia, VHI, 22, 1891, (W. A. Strother; in bananas), i 9, [U. S. N. M.]. Ohio, I juv. cf , [U. S. N. M.]. Chicago, Illinois, (Burton; in bananas), i juv. 9, [U. S. N. M.]. Iowa City, Iowa, (C. F. Wickham), i juv. d", [Hebard Cln.]. Lyons, Nebraska, (in fruit), i juv. o", [Hebard Cln.]. Wahoo, Nebr., IX, 12, 1903, (in bananas), i cf, [Hebard Cln.l. Lincoln, Nebr., (in bananas), i juv. d^; II, i juv. 9 ; V, 28, 1890, (B. Shimek; in grocery store), i 9 , [all Hebard Cln.]. Fairbury, Nebr., VIII, 1893, (in bananas), i 9, i juv. o\ [Hebard Cln.]. Oak, Nebr., IV, 1903, (P. C. Mercer; in bananas), i juv. o^, [Hebard Cln.]. Longmont, Colorado, (fruit case in grocery store), i juv. d", [U. S. N. M.]. Texas, (unquestionably adventive), l 9, [Univ. Kansas Cln.]. Medicine Hat, Alberta, III, 6, 1903, i juv. 9, [Univ. Toronto Cln.]. Idaho Falls, Idaho, (in bananas), i juv. 9, [U. S. N. M.]. Los Angeles, California, V, 23, 1903, i juv. 9, [U. S. N. M.]. Claremont, Cal., (E. O. Essig; unquestionably adventive), i c?, [State Insectary, Cal.]. Nyctibora laevigata (Beauvois)^"^ 1805. Blatta laevigata Beauvois, Ins. Rec. Afr. et Amer., p. 228, Orlh. pi. H. fig. 4. [San Domingo.] This distinctive, smaller, ovate and brilliantly colored species, native in Hayti and Jamaica, is represented by the adventive "">* Based on the specimens recorded below from Texas and Colorado. "5 For the full history and discussion of this species see Rehn and Hebard, Ent. News, XXV, pp. 121-123, (1914)- MORGAN HEBARD 265 material listed below. The species has been thrice recorded as N. sericea^^^^ from the Ignited States. Toronto, Ontario, (C. W". Xash; in bananas), i cf. [Univ. Toronto Cln.]. Orono, Maine. V. 16, 1889, (in bunch of bananas), i ?, [Maine Agr. Exp. Sta. Chi.]. Manchester, Xew Hanii)shire, i 9, [Morse Cln.]. Massachusetts, i 9, [U. S. X. M.]. Boston, Mass.. II, 20, 1887, (F. H. Sprague), i cf ."" [M. C. Z.]. Wellesley. Mass., 1899, (on bananas), i juv. 9,"* [Morse Cln.]. Natick, Mass., summer of 1902, (in fruit store), i d". i 9, [Morse Cln.]. Springfield, Mass., VIII. 17, 1898, (C. Ladd), i 9 ,"» [M. C. Z.]. Manahawkin, New Jersey, IX, i, 1913, (F. Haimbach), i 9, [A. X. S. P.]. Philadeli)hia. Pennsylvania, (P. Laurent; Delaware wharf), i d"."" [HebardCln.]. Germantown, Pa.. (H. C. Thompson; in bananas), I 9 , [Thompson Cln.]. Harrisburg, Pa., i o". [Pa. State Dept. Zool.]. Lock Haven, Pa.. \', 30, (in bananas), i 9, [Pa. State Dept. Zool.]. Epilamprinae Epilampra maya Rehn 1902. Et>ikimpni maya Rehn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxix, p. 3. [ 9 ;^" Machuca, Nicaragua.] The present species is medium-small for the genus, rather stout. rather pale and little marked, with elongate tegmina having two or more small dark brown spots on distal half. It is native in Central America; large South America series before us show several closely related but distinct species. S. S. Tenadores, en route Xew York to Jamaica, X, 19, 1913, (Hebard; found dead), i cf, i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Woodstock, X'ermont. \TII, 1911, i 9, [Morse Cln.]. Framingham, Massachusetts, IV, 10, 1914, (C. A. Frost; in bananas in grocery store), I 9, [Morse Cln.]. Boonton, Xew Jersey, i 9 , [A. X. S. P.]. ^'••5 Shelford has synonymized sericea of Burmei^ter, under limbata of Thunberg. I his ■ is a similarly marked South .American species, with tegmina and wings, however, propor- tionately much longer and more of the type generally found in the genus, than in laev- igata. ^"" Twice recorded in 1900 by Scudder as sericea. ■♦"^ Recorded by Mor.se in 1900 as Eurycotis sp., "possibly R. finschiana (Sauss.)." ^"8 Recorded in 1900 by Henshaw as sericea. ^'^ Recorded by Rehn as sericea in 1902. ■"' This specimen was unfortunately given as a representative of the male sex in the original tlescription. MEM. .\M. ENT. SOC, 2. 266 north american blattidae Blattinae Platyzosteria bifida (Saussure) 1872. P[olyzostei'ia] bifida Saussure, Melang. Orth., ii, p. no. [ o^ ; Queensland, Australia.]. This insect suggests a flattened, unicolorous, dark Periplanetid; closer examination, however, shows the very different features of the genus, while the species is distinctive in the genitalia and the extraordinarily specialized maxillary palpus of the male. That an individual of the Australasian group to which this insect belongs should be brought to America, shows how very widely roaches may be distributed by commerce. ^^- Fairbury, Nebraska, VIII, 1893, (in bananas), i cf , [Hebard Cln.]. Eurycotis^'' caraibea (Bolivar) 1888. P[olyzosteria] caraibea Bolivar, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., i, p. 126. [cf, Cuba.] This medium-small, pale, Cuban species is distinctive in having, with the black interocular band and two black disto-dorsal ab- dominal segments and supra-anal plate, the tegmina quadrate but not attingent. Ithaca, New York, VII, 9, 1895, (in bunch of bananas), i cf . [Hebard Cln.]. Berwick, Pennsylvania, VIII, 25, 190S, i d^,*'^* [Pa. State Dept. Zool.]. Eurycotis tibialis Hebard 1916. Eurycotis tibialis Hebard, Ent. News, xwii, p. 261, pi. xiv, fig. 2, text fig. [cf, 9 ; San Francisco Mountains, San Domingo; adventive at Orono, Maine.] This blackish species, having subtriangular lateral tegmina, is known only from the material originally discussed. Orono, Maine, i 9 , [Morse Cln.]. ■"- Shelford has recorded a specimen, evidently an adventive also, from Brazil. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1909, p. 274, (1909). ^'■■' The questioned record of an immature example as Eurycotis fin schiana (Saussure), adventive in the United States, is here definitely referred to Nyctibora laevigata (Beauv.). ••^ This specimen differs from the description of the species and the other individual before us, in having the tegmina decidedly reduced in width and consequently more lateral, with intervening space decidefiiy greater than the width of a tegmen. In other respects the specimen is so fully typical, that this difference seems best attributable to individual variation. MORGAN HEBARD 26/ Eurycotis floridana (Walker) I.S6S. Periplancta floridana Walker, Cat. Blatt. Br. Mus., p. 135, [ 9 : St. John's Bluff, east Florida: North America.] This species, which is native and apparently confined in dis- tribution to the Sabalian and Tropical Floridian Zones of the southeastern United States, is fully discussed on page i66. The present adventive example was probably shipped north in packing boxes or other freight. Beaver, Pennsylvania, MI, 18, i 9, [Pa. State Dept. Zool.]. Eurycotis opaca (Brunner) 1865. P[olyzosteria] opaca Brunner, Xouv. Syst. Blatt., p. 216. [cf, Cuba.]. This Cuban species is closely related to E. floridana. It is dis- tinguished by its larger size, generally rougher surface, decidedly broader head and normal darker coloration. Orono, Maine, \'I, 18, 1909, i 9. [Maine Agr. Exp. Sta. Cln.]. Rochester Mill, Pennsylvania, MI, 28, 1908, i juv. cT, in instar preceding ma- turity, [Pa. State Dept. Zool.]. Pelmatosilpha rotundata Scudder 1900. Pehnatosilpha rotundata Scudder, Proc. Davenport Acad. Xat. Sci., viii, p. 93, pi. 2, fig. 5. [cT. Texas; 9. Panama.] We have examined the figured male type from Texas, which we here designate as lectotype. There is no doubt that this specimen was accidentally introduced, almost certainly from Central Ameri- ca. In the unstudied series before us, the species is represented in material from that region, but is not found in any of the Mexican series. The insect is a dark, glossy, medium-sized roach, with broadly rounded tegmina extending to the apex of the abdomen and show- ing no \'eins on their polished dorsal surfaces. Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus) 1758. \Blatta] americana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, p. 424. [America.] This species is fully discussed on page 178. Pequaming, Michigan, M, 30, 1903, (Hehard; in store), i juv., [Hebard Cln.]. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, IX, 10, 1912, (A. C. Burrill), I cf', [Wise. Agr. Exp. Sta. Cln.]. MEM. .A.M. EXT. SOC, 2. 268 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister 1838. P[criplaneta\ brunnea Burmeister, Handb. Ent., ii, abth. ii, pt. i, p. 503. [cT, 9 : Chile; Demerara [British Guiana].] We have discussed this species on page 182. Asheville, North Carolina, VIII, 1897, I 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Periplaneta australasiae (Fabricius) 1775. [Bhitta] aiislndasiac Fabricius. Syst. Ent., p. 271. ["In nave e mare Pacifico et regionibus incognitis revertente."] This species is fully discussed on page 185; it is constantly being introduced north of the regions in which it has become established, but is evidently much more decidedly affected by cold than P. americana, and in consequence has never become permanently established in the United States north of the areas in which the winter climate is comparatively mild. In the colder regions of the United States, when it has appeared in greenhouses and such artificially heated places, it has been found to breed and increase in numbers with great rapidity, temporarily becoming a dangerous pest, so that vigorous efforts have been found necessary to exterminate such a colony. ^^^ North of Pennsylvania, occasional adventive specimens of the species are constantly being reported; such records are found from Montreal, Quebec; Toronto, Ontario; Wellesley, Massachusetts; Wallingford and New Haven, Connecticut, and from Minnesota. The following adventive material is now before us. Rutherford, New Jersey, XI. 19, 1915, (H. B. Weiss; in greenhouse), 2 d", [A. N. S. P.]. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, VI, 30, 1898, i c?, [A. N. S. P.]. Radnor, Pa., I, 14, 1905, (J. Hurley; swarming in greenhouses and adjacent homes), 3 a", i 9 , i juv. c?, 2 juv. 9 , [A. N. S. P. and Hebard Cln.]. Panchlorinae Leucophaea maderae (Fabricius) 1781. B[Uilta] maderae Fabricius, Spec. Ins., I, p. 341. [Madeira.] This large insect is tawny olive in general coloration, incon- spicuously marked with dark brown. It is domiciliary and very ^'•^ See Skinner, Ent. News, xvi, p. 183, (1905), on the appearance of the insect in great numbers on an estate at Radnor, Pennsylvania. MORGAN HEBARD 269 widely distributed through the West Indies. An adventive spec- imen has been recorded from St. Johns, New Brunswick. New York, New York, (on bananas). I cf, [Bklyn. Inst.]. Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linnaeus) 1767. [Blatta] surinamensis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. XIL p. 687. [Surinam.] This species is discussed on page 193; the adventive material before us is listed below. Cromwell, Connecticut. IH, i, 191 1, (B. H. Walden; from greenhouse), 2 9, [Hebard Cln.]. New York, New York, XL 1913. (^^'• Beutenmuller; reptile house of N. Y. Zool. Soc), 6 9,1 juv. 9. [A. N. S. P.]. Rutherford, New Jersey, XL 19, 1915, (H. B. Weiss). 49,2 juy. 9 , [A. N. S. P.]. Washington. District of Columbia. II, 1888, I 9 , 4 juv. 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. The species readily establishes itself in earth or debris and dust indoors, far north of its normal range, ^^'^ provided the temperature is kept high during the cold months. The specimens from New York and Rutherford are all very dark, the pale cephalic marking on the pronotum being obsolete mesad and only very narrowly indicated laterad at the cephalic angles. Panchlora cubensis Saussure 1862. P\anchIora] cithensis Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 2e ser., xiv, p. 230. [ 9 , Cuba.] This insect is discussed on page 198; though it has never become established outside the tropics, living examples are constantly being shipped into the United States, far north of the species' nor- mal distribution, the great majority of these coming in tropical fruits. The adventive material before us is listed below. S. S. Tenadores, en route New York to Jamaica, X, 19, 1913. (Hebard; dead in hold), I 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Orono, Maine, 1892, (in troi)ical fruit), i 9, [Maine Agr. Exp. Sta. Cln.]. Augusta, Me., 1906, i 9, [U. S. N. M.]. Boston, Massachusetts, XII, 26, 1878, (S. Kneeland; flying in store), I 9, [M. C. Z.]. Stoneham, Mass., XI, 15. 1915- (C, \'. Blackburn), i 9, [Morse Cln.]. ^'^ An immature specimen, taken from a bunch of bananas, has been recorded from Toronto, Ontario. MEM. .\M. ENT. SOC, 2. 270 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Melrose, Mass., \'I, 17. 1914, (F. W. Dodge), i ?, [Morse On.]. Wellesley, Mass., XII, 12, 1894, (Miss Hubbard; on window of Stone Hall), i 9 , [Morse Cln.]. Framingham. Mass., \'III, i, 1914, (C. A. Frost; in grocery store), i 9, [Morse Cln.]. Salem, Mass., V'lII, i, 1890, (E. S. Morse; in bathroom of house), i 9, [M. C. Z.]. Albany, New York, HI, 25, 1908, i 9, [U. S. N. M.]. Brooklyn, N. Y., (on bananas), i 9, [Bklvn. Inst.]; IX, 8, 1891, (C. L. Gissler), I 9, [U. S. X. M.]. Staten Island, X. Y., Ill, 1906, i 9 ; XII, 1910, i 9, [both Davis Cln.]. New Brighton, Staten Island, X. Y., HI, 1915. VIII. 9, 1912, (W. T. Davis; from bananas), 2 9, [Davis Cln.]. Xewark, Xew Jersey. IX, 26, 1913, (F. Lange; on bananas), i 9, [U. S. N. M.]. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, III, 9, 1914, (E. R. Casey; alive in street), i 9, [Casey Cln.]; i 9, [A. N. S. P.]. Washington, District of Columbia, i 9; XI, 19, 1915, (F. Knab), i 9, [both U. S. N. M.l. Arlington, Virginia, VIII, 191 3, (H. A. Allard; Experiment Farms), i 9 , [Hebard Cln.]. Madison, Wisconsin. IV, 8 to fall, 1915 and 1916. 3 9, [Wise. Agr. E.xp. Sta. Cln.]. Lincoln, Nebraska, I, 30, 1904, (L. Gooding; in bananas), i 9 ; (Miss Fossler), I 9 ; I 9 , [all Hebard Cln.]. Osceola, Xebr., (R. Heald), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Douglas County, Kansas, (R. H. Beamer), i 9 , [Univ. Kansas Cln.]. Fort Collins, Colorado, (in bunch of bananas), i 9, [Morse Cln.]. Stockton, Utah, III. 1915, (from bunch of bananas), l 9, [Davis Cln.]. Bremerton, Washington, 1914, (F. G. Dunn), i 9. [U. S. X. M.]. The nomenclatural confusion in the plain green species of the present genus is well shown by the past records for this series. The specimen from Boston has been recorded by Scudder as viridis; that from Salem by the same author as nivea, then as viridis; that from Albany as hyalina of Saussure by F'elt, deter- mined by Caudell; one of the Brooklyn examples by Riley as viridis, and one from Philadelphia by Rehn as virescens. These have further been the bases for subsequent records by Scudder of poeyi from "seaboard cities," by Bruner as viridis and exoleta in- definitely in the Xew Jersey list, while the species has been further recorded as viridis from Wellesley, Massachusetts, by IMorse and from Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, by Riley. In the discussion of the MORGAN HEBARD 27I species by Felt, the Boston, Salem and Brooklyn records are all placed under hyalina of Saussure. In considering these various names, we can state that viridis and 7iivea are names referable to a South American complex, no individuals of which have appeared in collections of material adventive in the United States. Shelford has, after examination of the types, placed virescens in the synonymy under nivea, while exoleta is a normally larger insect, of which species the first speci- men adventive in the United States, and hitherto unrecorded, is now before us. Saussure's poeyi, from the original description, appears to be an absolute synonym of his cubensis, based on the opposite (cT) sex. from Cuba. Saussure's hyalina (renamed translucida by Kirby) does not belong to the plain green species, being one of the forms in which the antennae bear a black an- nulus; Blatta hyalina of StoU is a different insect, so poorly described and figured that it can merely be located as one of the plain green forms of the present genus, and in consequence, with type destroyed and no locality given, we believe that name best treated as un- identifiable. Scudder has recorded the species as viridis, taken on a steamer en route from Jamaica to the United States, in order to show the usual means of introduction of the species. Wholly contrary to the opinion expressed by Felt, we do not believe the present insect can establish itself in temperate climates except under artificial con- ditions. It is essentially an out-of-doors dweller in the tropics and can not adapt itself to artificial surroundings, as the domiciliary forms do so readily. Panchlora exoleta Burmeister 1838. P[anchlom] exoleta Burmeister, Handb. Ent., ii, abth. ii, pt. i, p. 507. [Para and Bahia, Brazil.] This species is closely related to P. cubensis. Females may solely be distinguished by their average decidedly larger size and more opaciue margins of the pronotum and marginal fields of the tegmina.^i^ """ These characters are found in a series of the species before us. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 272 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Salem, Massachusetts, VI, 7, 1884, (Mrs. H. King; probably in bananas), i 9,*" [Peabody Museum]. Panchlora zendala Saussure 1862. P[anchlflra] zendala Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 2e ser., xiv, p. 231. [[ 9 ; Izabal], Guatemala.] This Is a large greenish species with immaculate antennae, but with black lateral lines on pronotum and tegmina. Madison, Wisconsin, V, 24, 1916, (L. S. Cole), i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Blaberinae Blaberus colosseus (Illiger)"^ 1802. Blatta colossea Illiger, Mag. Insektenkunde, i, p. 186. [Demerara. [ = British Guiana].] This insect, with the even larger B. gigantea, represents the maximum size development found in the genus and is of the palest general coloration. This species has been recorded from New Orleans, Louisiana, by Saussure as the synonymous B. mexicana. Blaberus discoidalis"" Serville 1839. Blahera discoidalis Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins., Orth., p. 76. [ 9 , San Domingo.] The species is moderately small for the genus, with tegmina and wings extending little beyond the apex of the abdomen, this particularly striking in the female sex; the general coloration is of the normal moderately pale brown found in numerous species of the genus. The New Jersey adventives before us are decidedly large for the species. The female from Secaucus has the dark pronotal marking exceptionally extensive, covering all but the rather nar- row cephalic and lateral margins. This species appears to gain occasionally a temporary footing in greenhouses in the United States, being introduced in tropical plants. ^"* The measurements of this specimen are: length of body, 20; length of pronotum, 7.1; width of pronotum (crushed), 9.2; length of tegmen, 25.6; width of tegmen, 7.8 mm. "' For the synonymy under this species see Hebard, Ent. News, xxvii, p. 291, (1916). "•^o For the synonymy under this species see Hebard, Ent. News, xxvii, p. 294, (1916). MORGAN HE BARD 273 New York, New York, (M. L. Small), i d", [U. S. N. M.]. Rutherford, New Jersey, \'I, 12, 1916, (H. B. Weiss; in greenhouse), i cT, i 9, [Hebard Cln.]. Secaucus, N. J., \'I, i, 1916, (H. B. Weiss; in greenhouse), I 9, i juv. 9, [A. N. S. P.]; X, 17, 1916, (H. B. Weiss; in case of orchids from Colombia), 2 9, [Weiss and Hebard Clns.]. CORYDIINAE Holocompsa nitidula (Fabricius) 1781. B[latta] nitidula Fabricius, Spec. Ins., i, p. 345. [[9, from descriplion], Surinam.] This species is fully discussed on page 206. Washington, District of Columbia, (D. Clemens; on cotton batting in store room of National Museum), i 9, [U. S. N. M.]. OXYHALOINAE Plectoptera picta Saussure and Zehntner 1893. Plectoptera picta Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., i, p. 85, pi. iii, fig. 9. [ 9 ; Atoyac, Vera Cruz, Me.xico.] This beautiful insect is distinctively colored. The character of the labels leaves some doubt as to whether the material listed below is really adventive, the specimens clearly representing odds and ends which had been marked with little care. Virginia, i 9. [U. S. N. M.]. Texas, i d", [U. S. N. M.]. Perisphaerinae Hormetica advena Scudder 1900. Hormetica advena Scudder. Proc. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci., viii, p. 94. [ 9 ; Belmont, Massachusetts.] This striking insect is known from the unique type. Belmont, Massachusetts, XII, (G. H. Parker; "unquestionabl\- introduced from tropical America"), i 9, type, [M. C. Z.]. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 274 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Fig. I.- Fig. 2.- Fig. 3- Fig. 4-- Fig. 5-- Fig. 6.- Fig. 7.- Fig. 8.- Fig. 9-- Fig. 10.- Fig. II.- Fig. 12.- Fig. 13.- Fig. 14.- Fig. I5-- Fig. 16.- Fig. I7-- Fig. i«.- Fig. I9-- EXPLANATION OF PlATES Plate I -Euthhtstoblutta ahnrtiva (Caudell). Brownsville, Texas. Male. Male. Dorsal view. (X3) -Eiithlastoblatta abortiva (Caudell). Brownsville, Texas. Male. Dorsal outline of supra-anal plate. ( X 12) -Euthlastoblatta abortiva (Caudell). Browns\ille, Texas. Male. Caudal view of subgenital plate. (X12) -Euthlastoblatta abortiva (Caudell). Brownsville, Texas. Male. Dorsal view of concealed genitalic process. (Greatly enlarged.) -Euthlastoblatta abortiva (Caudell). Brownsville, Texas. Male. Caudal view of concealed genitalic process. (Greatly enlarged.) -Euthlastoblatta abortiva (Caudell). Brownsville, Texas. Male. Lateral outline of maxillary palpus. (Much enlarged.) -Euthlastoblatta abortiva (Caudell). Esperanza Ranch, near Brownsville. Texas. Female. Type. Dorsal View. (X3) -Euthlastoblatta abortiva (Caudell). Esperanza Ranch, near Brownsville, Texas. Female. Type. Dorsal view of supra-anal plate. (X6) -Aglaopteryx gemma new species. Mobile, Alabama. Male. Paratype. Dorsal view. ( X3) -Aglaopteryx gemma new species. Mobile, Alabama. Male. Paratype. Ventral view of subgenital plate. (About X12) -Aglaoptery'^ gemma new species. Mobile, Alabama. Male. Paratype. Caudal view of subgenital plate. (About X12) -Aglaopteryx gemma new species. Mobile, Alabama. Male. Type. Ceph- alic outline of cephalic femur. (Much enlarged.) -Latiblattella rehm new species. Miami, Florida. Male. Type. view. (X3) -Latiblattella rehni new species. outline of maxillary palpus. -Latiblattella rehni new species. Miami, Florida. Male. Type. (Much enlarged.) Miami. Florida. Male. Type. view of distal abdominal segments, showing specialization. enlarged.) Dorsal Lateral Dorsal (Much Lakeland, Florida. (Greatly enlarged.) Miami. Florida. Female. Male. Chitinous Allotype. -Latiblattella rehni new species. thorn of concealed genitalia. -Latiblattella rehni new species. Dorsal view. ( X3) -Latiblattella lucifrons new species. Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona. Male. Type. Dorsal view. (X3) -Latiblattella lucifrons new species. Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona. Male. Type. Lateral outline of maxillary palpus. (Much enlarged.) MORGAN HEBARD 275 Fig. 20. — LatiblallcUa lucifrons new species. Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona. Male. Type. Dorsal view of distal abdominal segments, showing specialization. (Much enlarged.) Fig. 21.— LatiblatfeUa lucifrons new species. Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona. Male. Type. Chitinous thorn of concealed genitalia. (Greatly en- larged.) Fig. 22.— Latihlatlella lucifrons new species. Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona. Male. Type. Caudal ^•iew of subgenital plate. (Much enlarged.) Fig. 23. — Latibkittella lucifrons new species. Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. Female. Dorsal view. (X3) Fig. 24.Siipella supelleclilium (Serville). Key West, Florida. Male. Dorsal view of pronotum. (X3) Fig. 2~,.—Supella supelleclilium (Serville). Key West, Florida. Male. Dorsal view of tegmen. ( X3) Fig. 2(i.—SupeUa supellectilium (Serville). Key West, Florida. Male. Dorsal view of abdomen. (X3) Fig. 2'j.—Supella supellectilium (Serville). Key West, Florida. Male. Projecting chitinous plate of concealed genitalia. (Greatly enlarged.) Plate II Fig. I. — Car/Wfl/ta //(/ffl //(/(vz (Saussure and Zehntncr). Ormond. Florida, Male. Dorsal view. (X4^) Fig. 2. — Cariblatta lutea lutea (Saussure and Zehntner). Spring Creek, Georgia. Male. V'entral view of subgenital plate. (Much enlarged.) Fig. 3. — Cariblatta lutea minima Hebard. Miami, Florida Male. Type. Dorsal view. (X4^) Fig. 4. — Cariblatta lutea minitna Hebard. Miami, Florida. Male. Type. Ceph- alic outline of cephalic femur. ' (Much enlarged.) Fig. 5. — Cariblatta lutea minima Hebard. Miami, Florida. Male. Type. Ven- tral view of subgenital plate. (Much enlarged.) Fig. 6. — Blattella germanica (Linnaeus). St. Louis, Missouri. Male. Dorsal view of tegmen. ( X3) Fig. ~.- — Blattella germanica (Linnaeus). Miami, Florida. Male. Dorsal view of abdomen. ( X3) Fig. 8. — Blattella germanica (Linnaeus). Miami, Florida. Male. Dorsal view of pronotum. ( X3) Fig'. 9. — Blattella germanica (Linnaeus). St. Louis, Missouri. Male. Dextral chitinous process of concealed genitalia. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 10. — Ischnoptera deropeltiformis (Brunner). Plummer's Island, Maryland. Male. Dorsal outline. (X2) Fig. II. — Ischnoptera deropeltiformis (Brunner). Plummer's Island. Marxland. Male. Cephalic outline of cei)halic fenuu'.- (Much enlarged.) ^ Characteristic of the genus Cariblatta. 2 Characteristic of the genus Ischnoptera. MEM. .\M. ENT. SOC, 2. 276 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Fig. 12. — Ischnoplera deropdtijormis (Brunner). Mountain Grove, Missouri. Male. Lateral outline of one of two processes of sixth dorsal abdominal segment. (Greatly enlarged.) pig_ i^^. — Ischnoplera deropeltiformis (Brunner). Plummer's Island, Maryland. Male. Dorsal outline of supra-anal plate. (Much enlarged.) Fig. 14. — Ischnoplera deropeltiformis (Brunner). Plummer's Island, Maryland. Male. Ventral view of subgenital plate. (Much enlarged.) pig_ 15, — Ischnoplera deropeltiformis (Brunner). Washington, District of Colum- bia. Female. Dorsal outline. (X2) Fig. 16,— Symploce lita Hebard. 'Key West, Florida. Male. Type. Dorsal outline. (X3) Fig. i-j .—Symploce lita Hebard. Key West, Florida. Male. Type. Cephalic outline of head. (Much enlarged.) Fig. i^.— Symploce lita Hebard. Key West, Florida. Male. Type. Cephalic outline of cephalic femur.^ (Much enlarged.) ¥\g. ic).— Symploce litaW&hs.rd. Key West, Florida. Male. Type. Dorsal view of supra-anal plate. (Much enlarged.) Fig. 20.— Symploce lita Hebard. Key West, Florida. Male. Type. Ventral view of subgenital plate. (Much enlarged.) Plate III Fig. i.—Parcoblalta holliana (Saussure and Zehntner). Sulphur Springs, North Carolina. Male. Dorsal view. (X3) Fig. 2.—Parcoblatta holliana (Saussure and Zehntner). Sulphur Springs, North Carolina. Male. Ventral view of subgenital plate.* (X5^) Fig. ^.—Parcoblatta holliayia (Saussure and Zehntner). Raleigh, North Carolina. Female. Dorsal view. (X3) Fig. ^.—Parcoblatta deserlae (Rehn and Hebard). Sabinal, Texas. Male. Dor- sal view. ( X3) Fig. 5.—Parcoblatta deserlae (Rehn and Hebard). Sabinal, Texas. Male. Ven- tral view of subgenital plate. (X52) Fig. b.—Parcoblalta deserlae (Rehn and Hebard). Fort Davis, Texas. Female. Dorsal view. ( X3) Fig. ■j.—Parcohlulta americana (Scudder). Sonoma County, California. Male. Dorsal view. (X3) Fig. S.—Parcoblatta americana (Scudder). Sonoma County, California. Male. Ventral view of subgenital plate. (X55) Fig. (j.—Parcoblatta americana (Scudder). Mount Shasta, California. Female. Dorsal view. ( X3) ^ Characteristic of the genus Symploce. * In the genus Parcoblatta, the styles of the male subgenital plate are little dissimilar. These styles are movable and are drawn as they happen to lie in the various specimens here figured. MORGAN HEBARD 277 Fig. 10. — Parcoblatta zebra new species. Pulaski, Illinois. Male. Type. Dorsal view. (X3) Fig. II. — Parcoblatta zebra new species. Pulaski, Illinois. Male. Type. Dorsal view of median and first dorsal abdominal segment. (X5l) Fig. 12. — Parcoblatta zebra new species. Pulaski, Illinois. Male. Type. Dorsal view of supra-anal plate. ( X5^) Fig. 13. — Parcoblatta zebra new species. Pulaski, Illinois. Male. Type. \'entral \iew of subgenital plate. (X5^) Fig. 14. — Parcoblatta zebra new species. Havana, Illinois. Female. Allotype. Dorsal view. ( X3) Fig. 15. — Parcoblatta notha (Rehn and Hebard). Arizona. Male. Dorsal view. (X3) Fig. 16. — Parcoblatta notha (Rehn and Hebard). Arizona. Male. Dorsal view of median and first dorsal abdominal segment. ( X5§) Fig. 17. — Parcoblatta notha (Rehn and Hebard). Arizona. Male. Dorsal view of supra-anal plate. (X5^) Fig. 18. — Pfl;roWa//a ?/o//za (Rehn and Hebard). Arizona. Male. \'entral view of subgenital plate. (X57) F'g. 19. — Parcoblatta notha (Rehn and Hebard). Palmerlee, Arizona. Female. Allotype. Dorsal view. (X3) Plate IV Fig. I. — Parcoblatta virginica (Brunner). Black Mountains, North Carolina- Male. Dorsal view. (X.l) Fig. 2. — Parcoblatta virginica (Brunner). Black Mountains, North Carolina. Male. Dorsal view of median and first dorsal abdominal segment. (X5§) Fig. 3. — Parcoblatta virginica (Brunner). Black Mountains, North Carolina. Male. Dorsal view of supra-anal plate. (X5§) Fig. 4. — Parcoblatta virginica (Brunner). Black Mountains, North Carolina. Male. X'entral \-iew of subgenital plate. (X55) Fig. 5. — Parcoblatta virginica (Brunner). Upsal, Philadelphia, Pennsyl\-ania. Female. Dorsal view. (X3) Fig. 6. — Parcoblatta uhleriana (Saussure). Raleigh, North Carolina. Male. Dorsal view. (X3) Fig. 7. — Parcoblatta uhleriana (Saussure). Raleigh, North Carolina. Male. Dorsal \iew of median and first dorsal abdominal segment. (X52) Fig. 8. — Parcoblatta uhleriana (Saussiire). Raleigh, North Carolina. Male. Dorsal outline of dextral cercus. (Much enlarged.) Fig. 9. — Parcoblatta uhleriana (Saussure). Raleigh, North Carolina. Male. X'entral view of subgenital plate. ( X5^) Fig. 10. — Parcoblatta uhleriana (Saussure). Whitemarsh, Pennsylvania. Female. Dorsal \iew. ( X3) MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 278 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Fig. II. — Parcoblatta uhleriana (Saussure). Whitemarsh, Pennsylvania. Ootheca. Dorsal view of a portion of the sutural margin. (About X7) Fig. 12. — Parcoblatta uhleriana (Saussure). Whitemarsh, Pennsylvania. Ootheca. Cross-section showing remarkable specialization of sutural margin. (Much enlarged.) Fig. 13. — Parcoblatta fulvescens (Saussure and Zehntner). Thomasville, Georgia. Male. Dorsal view of median and first dorsal abdominal segment. (X5l) Fig. 14. — Parcoblatta fulvescens (Saussure and Zehntner). Thomasville, Georgia. Male. Dorsal outline of sinistral cercus. (Much enlarged.) Fig. 15. — Parcoblatta fulvescens (Saussure and Zehntner). Spring Creek. Georgia. Female. Dorsal view. (X3) Fig. 16. — Parcoblatta fulvescens (Saussure and Zehntner). Brownsville, Texas. Female. Dorsal view showing more rotundate tegmina. ( X3) Plate V -Parcoblatta caudelli new species. Raleigh, North Carolina. Male. Type. Dorsal view. ( X3) -Parcoblatta candelli new species. Raleigh, North Carolina. Male. Type. Dorsal view of median and first dorsal abdominal segment. (X5^) -Parcoblatta candelli new species. Raleigh, North Carolina. Male. Type. Dorsal view of supra-anal plate. (X52) -Parcoblatta caudelli new species. Raleigh, North Carolina. Male. Type. Ventral view of subgenital plate. (X5§) -Parcoblatta caudelli new species. Spartanburg, South Carolina. Female. Allotype. Dorsal view. (X3) -Parcoblatta lata (Brunner). Natchez, Mississippi. of pronotum. Exceptional intensive coloration. -Parcoblatta lata (Brunner). Thomasville, Georgia. of pronotum. ( X3) -Parcoblatta lata (Brunner). Thomasville, Georgia. of median and first dorsal abdominal segments. -Parcoblatta lata (Brunner). Thomasville, Georgia. of supra-anal plate. ( X5i) -Parcoblatta lata (Brunner). Thomasville, Georgia. Male. Ventral view of subgenital plate. ( X5§) -Parcoblatta divisa (Saussure and Zehntner). Raleigh, North Carolina. Male. Dorsal view of median and first abdominal segments. (x.sD -Parcoblatta divisa (Saussure and Zehntner). Raleigh, North Carolina. Male. Lateral view of median and first dorsal abdominal segments. (X5D Fig. 13. — Parcoblatta divisa (Saussure and Zehntner). Raleigh, North Carolina. Male. Dorsal view of supra-anal plate. (X5^) Fig. I. Fig. 2. Fig. 3- Fig. 4- Fig. 5- Fig. 6. Fig. 7- Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Fig. II. Fig. 12. Male. Dorsal view (X3) Male. Dorsal view Male. Dorsal view (X5l) Male. Dorsal view MORGAN HEBARD 279 Fig. 14. — Parcohlatta divisa (Saussure and Zehntner). Raleigh, North Carolina. Male. Ventral view of subgenital plate. (X5h) Fig. 15. — Parcohlatta divisa (Saussure and Zehntner). Opelika. Alabama. Female. Dorsal view. Organs of flight exceptionally developed. ( X3) Fig. 16. — Parcohlatta divisa (Saussure and Zehntner). Augusta, Georgia. F"emale. Dorsal \iew. ( X3) Fig. 17. — Parcohlatta poisylvanica (DeGeer). Raleigh, North Carolina. Male. Dorsal view of median and first dorsal abdominal segment. (X52) Fig. IS.— Parcohlatta poisylvanica (DeGeer). Raleigh, North Carolina. Male. Lateral \iew of median and first dorsal abdominal segment. (X5I) Fig. IQ. — Parcohlatta pensylvanica (DeGeer). Raleigh, North Carolina. Male. Dorsal view of supra-anal plate. ( X55) Fig. 20. — Parcohlatta pensylvanica (DeGeer). Raleigh, North Carolina. Male. Ventral view of subgenital plate. (X55) Plate VI -Parcohlatta lata (Brunner). Raleigh, North Carolina. Female. Dorsal view. (X6) -Parcohlatta pensylvanica (DeGeer). Raleigh, North Carolina. Male. Cephalic outline of cephalic femur. ^ (Much enlarged.) -Parcohlatta pensylvanica (DeGeer). Mount Air\-. Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania. Female. Dorsal view. (X6) -Parcohlatta pensylvanica (DeGeer). Iowa City, Iowa. Dorsal view of tegmen." (x6) -Pseudomops septentrionalis new species. Brownsxille, Texas. Male. Type. Dorsal view. ( X3) -Pseudomops septentrionalis new species. Brownsville, Texas. Male. Type. Lateral outline of maxillary palpus. (Much enlarged.) -Pseudomops septentrionalis new species. Browns\ille, Texas. Male. Paratype. Concealed genital hook. (GreatK' enlarged.) -Pseudomops septentrionalis new species. Brownsville, Texas. Male. Type. Caudal outline of subgenital plate, showing the highly special- ized styles. (Much enlarged.) -Leurolestes pallidus (Brunner). Key West, Florida. Male. Dorsal view. (X3) -Leurolestes pallidus (Brunner). I\e\ West. Florida. Male. Cephalic outline of cephalic femur. (Much enlarged.) -Eurvcotis floridana (Walker). Ojus, Florida. Male. Dorsal view. (X3) -Eurycotis floridana (Walker). Ojus. Florida. Male. Ventral view of subgenital plate. (Xj) ^ Characteristic for the genus Parcohlatta. ^Showing the maximum reduction in feniahes of this species before us. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. Fig. I.- Fig- 2.- Fig. 3-- Fig. 4-- Fig. 5-" Fig. 6.- Fig. 7- Fig. 8. Fig. 9- Fig. 10. Fig. II. Fig. 12. 280 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Fig. 13. — Eiirycotis floridana (Walker). Cedar Keys, Florida. Female. Dorsal view of supra-anal plate. ( X7) Fig. i^.—Eurycotis floridana (Walker). Cedar Keys, Florida. Female. Ventral view of subgenital plate. ( X7) Fig. 15. — Neostylopyga rhombijolia (Stoll). Nogales, Arizona. Female. Dorsal view. (X3) Plate VII Fig. I. — Blatta oricntalis Linnaeus. Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Male. Dorsal view. (X2) Fig. 2. — Blatta orieutalis Linnaeus. Marathon, Texas. Female. Dorsal view. (X2) Fig. 3. — Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus). Big Pine Key, Florida. Male. Dor- sal view of pronotum, normal coloration. ( X2) Fig. 4. — Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus). Florence, Arizona. Male. Dorsal view of pronotum, maximum intensive coloration.' ( X2) Fig. 5. — Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus). Big Pine Key, Florida. Male. Out- line of sinistral tegmen and wing. (Natural size.) Fig. 6. — Periplaneta americana {Linnaeus). Big Pine Key, Florida. Male. Dor- sal view of distal portion of abdomen and cerci. ( X3) Fig. 7. — Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus). Big Pine Key, Florida. Male. Dis- tal portion of concealed sinistral genital process. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 8. — Periplaneta a^nericana (Linnaeus). Big Pine Key, Florida. Male. Con- cealed dextral genital process. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 9. — Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus). Big Pine Key, Florida. Male. Ventral view of subgenital plate. ( X3) Fig. 10. — Periplaneta americana {Linnaeus). Key West, Florida. Female. Dorsal view of supra-anal plate and cerci. ( X2) Fig. II. — Periplaneta americana {Linnaeus). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Female. Ventral view of subgenital plate. ( X2) Fig. 12. — Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister. Jewfish, view of pronotum. (X2) Fig. 13. — Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister. Jewfish, view of distal portion of abdomen and cerci. Fig. 14. — Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister. Jewfish, portion of concealed sinistral genital process Fig. 15. — Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister. Jewfish, Florida. Male view of subgenital plate. ( X3) Fig. 16. — Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister. Fort Myers, Florida. Female. Dor- sal view of supra-anal jilate and cerci. (X2) Fig. 17. — Periplaneta australasiae (Fabricius). Homestead, Florida. Male. Dor- sal view of pronotum. (X2) ^ A close approach to this coloration is frequently found in Periplaneta brunnea. Florida. Florida. (X3) Florida. Male. Male. Dorsal Dorsal Distal Male (Greatly enlarged.) Ventral MORGAN HEBARD 28 I Fig. i8. — Periplaneta aitstralasiae (Fabricius). Homestead, Florida. Male. Dor- sal view of distal portion of abdomen and cerci. ( X.i) Fig. 19. — Periplaneta australasiae {Fahricius). Homestead, Florida. Male. Distal portion of concealed sinistral genital process. (Greath- enlarged.) Fig. 20. — Periplaneta Juliginosa (Serville). Crowley, Louisiana. Male. Dorsal view of pronotum. (X2) Fig. 21. — Periplaneta Juliginosa (Serville). Jacksonville, Florida. Male. Dorsal view of distal portion of abdomen and cerci. ( X,i) Fig. 22. — Periplaneta fuHgi7iosa {ServiWe). Jacksonville, Florida. Male. \'entral \iew of supra-anal plate. (X6) Fig. 23. — Periplaneta Juliginosa {SevviWe). Jackson\ille, Florida. Male. X'entral \iew of subgenital plate. (X3) Fig. 24. — Periplaneta Juliginosa (Serville). Jacksonville, Florida. Male. Distal portion of concealed sinistral genital process, ((ireatly enlarged.) Plate VIII Fig. I. — Pyenoscelus surinamensis (Linnaeus). St. Augustine, Florida. Female. Dorsal view. ( X2) Fig. 2. — Panchlora cubensis Ssinssure. Esperanza Ranch near Brownsville, Texas. Male. Dorsal view. (X3) Fig. 3. — Panehlora cubensis Ssiussure. Esperanza Ranch near Brownsville, Texas. Male. Cephalic view of head. (X9) Fig. 4. — Panehlora cubensis Saussure. Esperanza Ranch near Brownsville. Texas. Male. X'entral view of subgenital plate and cerci. (Much enlarged.) Fig. 5. — Panchlora cube^i sis Saussure. Esperanza Ranch near Browns\"ille, Texas. Female. Cephalic \iew of head. ( X9) Fig. 6. — Blaberus craniijer Burmeister. Key West, Florida. Male. Dorsal view. (Natural size.) Fig. 7. — Blaberus craniijer Burmeister. Key West, Florida. Male. \'entral view of subgenital plate. (X3) Fig. 8. — Holocotnpsa nitidula (Fabricius). Key West, Florida. Male. Dorsal view. (X3) Fig. 9. — Holocompsa nitidula (Fabricius). Key West, Florida. Male. X'entral view of subgenital plate. (Much enlarged.) Fig. 10. — Holocompsa nitidula (Fabricius). Key West, Florida. Female. Dorsal view. (X3) Fig. II. — Holocompsa nitidula (Fahncius). Key West, Florida. Female. X'entral view of subgenital plate. (Much enlarged.) MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 282 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Plate IX The concealed genital plates and hooks are given as seen from below, the sub- genital plate having been removed. From this aspect the dextral plates naturally appear sinistral, and the sinistral hooks, dextral. Fig. I. — Homoeogamia mexicana Burmeister. Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Male. Concealed dextral genital plates. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 2. — Homoeogamia mexicana Burmeister. Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Male. Concealed sinistral genital hook. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 3. — Arcnivaga bolliana (Saussure). Brownsville, Texas. Male. Concealed dextral genital plates. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 4. — Arcnivaga bolliana (Saussure). Brownsville, Texas. Male. Concealed sinistral genital hook. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 5. — Arcnivaga bolliana (Saussure). Carrizo Springs, Texas. Female. Dor- sal view. ( X2) Fig. 6. — Arcnivaga rehni new species. San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico. Male. Type. Dorsal view. (X2) Fig. 7. — Arcnivaga rchni new species. San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico. Male. Type. Lateral outline of maxillary palpus. (Much enlarged.) Fig. 8. — Arcnivaga rehni new species. San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico. Male. Type. Concealed dextral genital plates. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 9. — Arcnivaga rehni new species. San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico. Male. Type. Concealed sinistral genital hook. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. ID. — Arcnivaga rehni new species. San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico. Female. Allotype. Dorsal view. (X2) Fig. II. — Arcnivaga erratica Rehn. Hackberry Creek, Brewster County, Texas. Male. Concealed dextral genital plates. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 12. — Arcnivaga erratica Rehn. Hackberry Creek, Brewster County, Texas. Male. Concealed sinistral genital hook. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 13. — Arcnivaga erratica Rehn. Georgetown, Texas. Female. Dorsal view. (X2) Fig. 14. — Arcnivaga a pacha (Saussure). Phoenix, Arizona. Male. Concealed dextral genital plates. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 15. — Arcnivaga apacha (Saussure). Phoenix, Arizona. Male. Concealed sinistral genital hook. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 16. — Arcnivaga apacha {?>diUsmYe). Death Valley, California. Female. Dor- sal view. ( X2) Fig. 17. — Ercmoblalta siibdiapha?ia (Scudder). Sentinel, Arizona. Male. Lateral outline of maxillary palpus.^ (Much enlarged.) 8 Characteristic of the genus Eremoblatla. MORGAN HEBARD 283 Fig. 18. — Eremohlatta siibdiaphana (Scudder). Sentinel, Arizona. Male. Con- cealed dextral genital plates. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 19. — Eremohlatta suhdiaphana (Scudder). Sentinel, Arizona. Male. Con- cealed sinistral genital hook. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 20. — Eremohlatta suhdiaphana (Scudder). Mesilla Park. New Mexico. Fe- male. Dorsal \ie\v. (X2) Fig. 21. — Eremohlatta hirsuta new species. Sierra el Tosti, Lower California, Mexico. Male. Type. Dorsal view. (X2) Fig. 22. — Eremohlatta hirsuta new sjiecies. San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico. Female. Allotype. Dorsal view. (X2) Plate X Fig. I. — Co7npsodes schwarzi (Caudell). Esperanza Ranch near Brownsville, Te.xas. Male. Dorsal view. (X3) Fig. 2. — Compsodes sclnvarzi (Caudell). Brownsville, Texas. Male. Dorsal view of supra-anal plate. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 3. — Compsodes schwarzi (Caudell). Brownsville, Texas. Male. Caudal view of subgenilal jilate showing concealed genitalia. (Greatl\- en- larged.) Fig. 4. — Compsodes schwarzi (Caudell). Brownsville, Texas. Male. \'entral view of subgenital plate. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 5. — Attaphila fuiigicola Wheeler. Austin, Texas. Male. Dorsal outline. (X3) Fig. 6. — Attaphila fiingicola Wheeler. Austin, Texas. Male. X'entral \iew of subgenital plate. (Greatly enlarged.) Fig. 7. — Chorisoneura texensis Saussure and Zehntner. Browns\ille. Texas. Male. Dorsal outline. (X3) Fig. 8. — Chorisoneura texensis Saussure and Zehntner. Brownsville. Texas. Male. X'entral \iew of subgenital plate. (Much enlarged.) Fig. 9. — Plectoptera floridana new sj^ecies. Key West, Florida. Female. Allo- type. Dorsal outline.' (X3) Fig. 10. — Plectoptera floridana new species. Ke>- West. Florida. Male. Para- type. Cephalic view of occiput, showing characteristic marking. (GrealK- enlarged.) Fig. II. — Plectoptera floridana new species. Key West, Florida. Male. Tvpc. Dorsal \iew of wing. (X3) Fig. 12. — Plectoptera floridana new species. Key West. Florida. Male. Type. Ventral \ie\v of subgenilal plate. (GreatK enlarged.) Fig. 13. — Cryptocercus puuctulatus Scudder. Suljihur Springs, Xorth Carolina. Female. Dorsal view. (Xi^) ' In this species the tegniinal veins are scarcely visible when the tcgniina arc folded. MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 284 NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Fig. 14.— Cryptocercus piinctidatus Scudder. Sulphur Springs, North Carolina. Male. Subgenital plate. (X8) Fig. l^.— Cryptocercus punctidatus Scudder. Sulphur Springs, North Carolina. Male. Supra-anal plate and cerci. (X8) Fig. \6.— Cryptocercus punctulatus Scudder. Sulphur Springs, North Carolina. Female. V^entral view of concealed oviposition valves. 1° (Greatly enlarged.) 1" These are found in the anal orifice, below the supra-anal plate. The subgenital plate has entirely disappeared in females of the present species. INDEX The names of new genera and of new species are followed by the name of the author. Abortiva (Anaplecta) 27, 28 abortiva (Euthlastoblatta) 11, 18 26, 27, 28 abortiva (Phyllodromica) 28 adspersicoUis (Blattella) 38 adspersicoUis (Xeoblattella) 26. 38 ad vena (Hormetica) 273 aequalis (Polyphaga) 221 Aglaopterxx Hehard (see diaphana and gemma) 26, 30 alluaudi (Desmosia) 26 americana (Blatta) 177. 178, 267 americana (Ischnoptera) 84 americana (Loboptera) 84 americana (Parcoblatta) 74, 75, 84 americana (Periplaneta) 14, 20 177, 178,267 Anaplecta (see abortiva) apacha (Arenivaga) 218, 220, 236 apacha (Homoeogamia) 236 aptera (Attaphila) 212 Arenivaga (see apacha, bolliana, erratica and rehni) 16, 22, 22;"-, atropos (Blabera) 201 atropos (Blaberus) 201 atropos (Blatta) 201 Attaphila (see aptera. bergi, fun- gicola, schuppi and sexdentis) 212 aurantiaca (Blatta) 178 aurelianensis (Blatta) 178 australasiae (Blatta) 185, 268 australasiae (Periplaneta) 14, 20 185, 260. 268 azteca (Homoeogamia) 221 Badia (Blatta) MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. 173 bergi (Attaphila) 212 bifida (Platyzosteria) 266 bifida (Polyzosteria) 266 bivittata (Ischnoptera) 57 Blabera (see atropos. craniifera, discoidalis and varians) 200 Blaberinae 200, 272 Blaberus (see colosseus. craniifer, discoidalis and giganteus) . . . 200 Blatta (see americana, atropos, aurantiaca, aurelianensis, australasiae, badia, borealis, capensis, colosseus, corticum, cubensis, culinaris, detersa, diaphana, domingensis, elon- gata, extenuata, ferrugineo- fusca, figurata, fraterna, ger- manica, gigantea, incisa, in- dica, kakkerlac, laevigata, maderae, melanocephala, nahua, nigrifrons, nitidula, obliquata, oblongata, orienta- lis, pens\l\anica, phalerata, porcellana, punctata, punctu- lata, quadri]:)uncta, rhonibi- folia, siccifolia, subfasciata, supellectilium, surinamensis and transversalis) .... 160, 173, 197 Blattella (see adspersicoUis, dila- tata and germanica) 26 Blattinae 164, 266 Blattellites 24 bolliana (Arenivaga) 218, 220, 223 Ixilliana (Homoeogamia) 223 bolliana (Ischnoptera) 77, 81 bolliana (Parcoblatta) 74. 75. 77 INDEX borealis (Blatta) 139 borealis (Ectobia) I39 borealis (Ischnoptera) 97 borealis (Phyllodromia) I39 brunnea (Periplaneta) 14, 20, 182 188, 260, 268 Cacerlaca I77 capensis (Blatta) 47 capitata (Ischnoptera) 150 capitata (Symploce) 150 caraibea (Eurycotis) 266 caraibea (Pol^'zosteria) 266 Cariblatta (see insularis, lutea, minima and punctulata) .... 50 carrikeri (Xestoblatta) 60 caudelli (Parcoblatta) Ilehard-]^, 76, 122 celebesa (Panchlora) 193 Ceratinoptera (see diaphana, lutea and picta) 25 ceylonica (Margattea) 26 Chorisoneura (see liturifera, nigri- frons, plocea and texensis) . . 246 cincta (Thyrsocera) 156 collaris (Corydia) 205 collaris (Holocompsa) 205 colorata (Periplaneta) 178 colosseus (Blaberus) 272 colosseus (Blatta) 272 Compsodes Hebard (see delicatu- lus, mexicanus and schwarzi) 22, 208 conspicienda (Mareta) 26 corticum (Blatta) 193 Corydia (see collaris) Corydiinae 205, 273 couloniana (Ischnojjtera) 126, 139 craniifer (Blaberus) .... 15, 21, 201, 260 craniifera (Blabera) 201 Cryptocercus (see punctulatus and spadicus) 255 cubensis (Blatta) 47 cubensis (Panchlora). .15, 21, 198, 260 269 culinaris (Blatta) 173 cyanea (Holocompsa) 206 Decorata (Periplaneta) 171 delicatula (Latindia) 209 delicatulus (Compsodes) 209 delta (Phyllodromia) 47 Dendroblatta (see sobrina) 26 deropeltiformis (Ischnoptera) .... 63 desertae (Ischnoptera) 81 desertae (Parcoblatta) 74, 76, 81 Desmosia (see alluaudi) 26 detersa (Blatta) 262 detersa (Neoblattella) 38, 262 diaphana (Aglaopteryx) 32 diaphana (Blatta) 32 diaphana (Ceratinoptera) 38 dilatata (Blattella) 43 discoidalis (Blabera) 272 discoidalis (Blaberus) 260, 272 divisa (Ischnoptera) 89, 133 divisa (Parcoblatta) 75. 76, I33 dohrniana (Latindia) 208 domingensis (Blatta) 185 Ectobia (see borealis, flavicincta and lithophila) elongata (Blatta) 126 emittens (Periplaneta) 185 Eoblatta (see notulata) 26 Epilampra (see festae and maya) Epilamprinae. .' 160, 265 Eremoblatta (see hirsuta and sub- diaphana) 239 erratica (Arenivaga) 218, 220. 231 erratica (Homoeogamia) 231 Eurycotis (see caraibea, finschiana, floridana, mysteca, opaca, rotundata, rufovittata and tibialis) 165 Euthlastoi)latta llchnrd (sec abor- tiva) 26 exoleta (Panchlora) 271 extenuata (Blatta) 47 INDEX 111 Ferrugineofusca (Blatta) 173 festae (Ep^ilampra) 263 festae (Xestoblatta) 263 figurata (Blatta) 47 finschiana (Eurycotis) 266 flavocincta (Ectobia) 139 floridana (Eurycotis) ... 14, 20, 168, 267 floridana (Periplaneta) 166, 267 floridana (Plectoptera) Ilehard . . .16, 21 251 fratercula (Neoblattella) 261 fraterna (Blatta) 262 fraterna (Neoblattella) 262 fuliginosa (Periplaneta) 15, 20. 188 fuliginosa (Kakerlac) 188 fulvescens (Ischnoptera) 114. 122 fulvescens (Parcoblatta) . . . .75, 76, 114 fungicola (Attaphila) ... 17, 22. 213, 214 Gemma (Aglaopteryx) //ek/rc/ . . 12, 18 26, 31, 32 germanica (Blatta) 56-57 germanica (Blattella) 13, iq, 26 56, 57, 260 giganteus (Blaberus) 200 gigantea (Blatta) 200 guttipennis (Zetobora) 218 Heterospila (Polyzosteria) 171 hirsuta (Eremoblatta) Hebard . .219, 220 243 histrio (Periplaneta) 171 Holocompsa (see coUaris and nitidula) 205 Homoeogamia (see apacha, azteca, bolliana, erratica, infuscata, mexicana, mohavensis, nigri- cans and subdiaphana) 221 Hormetica (see advena) hyalina (Ischnoptera) 126 Inacqualis (Ischnoptera) . . 126, 139, 140 incisa (Blatta) 47 inclusa (Periplaneta) 185 MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. indica (Blatta) 193 infuscata (Homoeogamia) 236 ingens (Platyzosteria) 166 insolita (Ischnoptera) 81. 122 insularis (Cariblatta) 261 intercepta (Pseudomops) 156 intricata (Ischnoptera) 63, 105 Ischnoptera (see americana. bivit- tata, bolliana, borealis, capi- tata, couloniana, deropelti- formis, desertae, divisa, ful- vescens, hyalina, inaequalis, insolita, intricata, johnsoni, lata, major, morio. nigricol- lis, nortoniana, notha, occi- dentalis, pensylvanica, quad- riplaga, rufa, rufescens, trans- lucida, uhleri, uhleriana and vilis) 60.61 Ischnopterites 60 Johnsoni (Ischnoptera) 63 Kakerlac (see fuliginosa and schaefferi) 173 kakkerlac (Blatta) 178 Laevigata (Blatta) 161, 264 laevigata (Nyctibora) .... 162, 260, 264 laevigata (Phaetalia) 162 laevigata (Phoetalia) 162 lata (Ischnoptera) 126, 263 lata (Parcoblatta) 75, 76, 126, 263 Latiblattella Hebard (see lucifrons and rehni) 36, 261 Latindia (see delicatula, dohrni- ana, mexicanus, schwarzi and tolteca) 208 Leucophaea (see maderae) 192 Leurolestes (see pallidus) 160 l.ibisoca 200 lila (Symploce) 14, 19, 151. 260 lithophila (Ectobia) 105 liturifera (Chorisoneura) 26 IV INDEX Loboptera (see americana) lucifrons (Latiblattella) Hebard . .12, 18 43 luneli (Pseudectobia) 26 lutea (Cariblatta) 13, 19, 51 lutea (Ceratino]3tera) 51 Maderae (Blatta) 192, 268 maderae (Leucophaea) 268 major (Ischnoptera) 126 major (Temnopteryx) 126 Mallotoblatta (see pilosella) 26 Mareta (see consplcienda) 26 Margattea (see ceylonica) 26 marginalis (Naupboeta) 162 marginata (Temnopteryx) 139 maya (Epilampra) 260, 265 melanocephala (Blatta) 193 mexicana (Homoeogamia), 218, 219, 221 mexicana (Latindia) 210 mexicanus (Compsodes) 210 minima (Cariblatta) 13, 19, 54 mohavensis (Homoeogamia) 240 mono (Ischnoptera) 60, 61 mysteca (Eurycotis) 165 mysteca (Periplaneta) 165 Nahua (Blatta) 262 nahua (Neoblattella) 262 Xauphoeta (see marginalis and pallida) 160 Neoblattella (see adspersicollis. detersa, fratercula, f rater na and nahua) 26 Neostylopyga (see rhombifolia) ... 170 nigricans (Homoeogamia) 223 nigricollis (Ischnoptera) 63 nigrifrons (Chorisoneura) 246 nitidiila (Blatta) 205, 206, 273 nitidula (Holocompsa) 16, 21, 205 206, 260, 273 noctivaga (Nyctibora) 260, 263 nortoniana (Ischnoptera) 126, 139 notha (Ischnoptera) 93 notha (Parcoblatta) 75. 76, 93 notulata (Eoblatta) 26 Nyctibora (see laevigata, nocti- vaga and sericea) Nyctiborinae 263 Obliquata (Blatta) 57 oblongata (Blatta) 155, 156 oblongata (Pseudomops) 155, 156 obscurus (Pycnoscelus) 192, 193 occidentalis (Ischnoptera) 4, 263 occipitalis (Panchlora) 193 Onychostylus 26 opaca (Eurycotis) 267 opaca (Polyzosteria) 267 orientalis (Blatta) 15, 20, 173, 260 Oxyhaloinae 244, 273 Pallida (Nauphoeta) 160, 162 pallida (Phoetalia) 162 pallida (Wattenwyliella) 162 pallidus (Leurolestes) 15, IQ. i^o 161, 162, 260 Panchlora (see celebesa, cubensis, exoleta, occipitalis, pulchella, quadripunctata, sub margi- nata and zendala) 192, 197 Panchlorinae 192, 268 Panesthinae 254 Paraceratinoptera 25 Parcoblatta Hebard{see americana, bolliana, caudelli, desertae, divisa, fulvescens, lata, notha, pensylvanica, uhleriana, vir- ginica, and zebra) .... 12, 18, 60, 70 Pelmatosilpha (see rotundata) pennsylvanica (Ischnoptera) 139 pennsylvanica (Platamodes) 139 pensylvanica (Blatta) 74, 139 pensylvanica (Parcoblatta) 60, 74 7^^ 139 Pcrii)laneta (see americana, aus- tralasiae, brunnea, colorata, decorata, cmitttMLs, tloridana. INDEX fuliginosa. histrio, inclusa, mysteca. repanda, semipicta, stolida, subcincta, subornata, truncata and zonata) 177 Perisphaerinae 273 Phaetalia (see laexigata) 160 phalerata (Blatta) 47 Phoetalia (see laevigata and pal- lida) 160 Phyllodroniia (see borealis and delta) 5^ Phyllodromica (see abortiva) .... 2(S picta (Ceratinoptera) 25 picta (Plectoptera) 273 pilosella (Mallotoblatta) 26 Plamatodes (see pennsylvanica and unicolor) "Jo Platyzosteria (see bifida, ingens and sabalianus) Plectoptera (see floridana, picta, poeyi and porcellana) 250 plocea (Chorisoneura) 247 poeyi (Plectoptera) 251 Polyphaga (see aequalis) 221 Polyphaginae 216 Polyzosteria (see bifida, caraibea, heterospila, opaca and rufo- \-ittata) porcellana (Blatta) 250 porcellana (Plectoptera) 250 Pseudectobia (see luneli) 26 Pseudomopinae 261 Pseudomopites I53 Pseudomops (see intercepta, ob- longata and septentrionalis) . . 154 pulchella (Panchlora) 197 punctata (Blatta) 193 punctulata (Blatta) 50 punctulata (Cariblatta) 26, 50 punctulatus (Cryptocercus) . 17, 22, 255 Pycnoscelus (see obscurus and surinamensis) 192 Ouadriplaga (Ischnoptera) 47 MEM. AM. ENT. SOC, 2. quadripuncta (Blatta) 197 quadripunctata (Panchlora) 197 Rehni (Arenivaga) Ilehard 218,220, 227 rehni (Latiblattella) Ilehard 12, 18 26, 37. 38 repanda (Periplaneta) 185 rhombifolia (Blatta) 170, 171 rhombifolia (Neostylopyga) 14, 20 170. 171. 260 Rhyi)arobia 192 rotundata (Pelmatosilpha) 267 riifa (Ischnoptera) 153 rufescens (Ischnoptera) 153 rufovittata (Eur>Totis) 165 rufovittata (Polyzosteria) 165 Sabalianus (Platyzosteria) 166 schaefTeri (Kakerlac) 77 schuppi (Attaphila) 212 schwarzi (Compsodes) 4, 17, 210 schwarzi (Latindia) 210 semipicta (Periplaneta) 166 septentrionalis (Pseudomops) Heh- ard 14. 19. 156 sericea (Nyctibora) 265 se.xdentis (Attaphila) 212 siccifolia (Blatta) 178 Sisapona 200 sobrina (Dendroblatta) 26 spadicus (Cryptocercus) 255 SteIeoi)yga 173 stolida (Periplaneta) 178 Stylopyga 173 subcincta (Periplaneta) 185 subdiaphana (Eremoblatta) 17, 22 219, 220, 239, 240 subdiaphana (Homoeogamia) , .23(), 240 subfasciata (Blatta) 47 submarginata (Panchlora) 193 subornata (Periplaneta) 185 Supella (see supellectilium) 26, 46 supellectilium (Blatta) 4*^-47 VI INDEX supellectilium (Supella) 12, 19, 26 46, 47, 260 surinamensis (Blatta) 192, 269 surinamensis (Pycnoscelus) 192 193, 269 Symploce (see capitata and lita), 60, 149 Tarraga 200 Temnopteryx (see major, margin- ata, texensis and virginica) texensis (Chorisoneura) . . . . 16, 21, 247 texensis (Temnopteryx) 114 Thyrsocera (see cincta) 154 tibialis (Eurycotis) 266 toiteca (Latindia) 210 translucida (Ischnoptera) 139 transversalis (Blatta) 47 truncata (Periplaneta) 182 Uhleri (Ischnoptera) 89, 114 uhleriana (Ischnoptera) 89, 105 uhleriana (Parcoblatta) 74, 76. 105 unicolor (Platamodes) 105 Varians (Blabera) 201 vilis (Ischnoptera) 64 virginica (Parcoblatta) 74-76, 96 virginica (Temnopteryx) 96 Wattenwyliella (see pallida) Xestoblatta (see carrikeri and festae) 60 Zebra (Parcoblatta) Hebard 74, 76 89 zendala (Panchlora) 272 Zetobora (see guttipennis) 218 zonata (Periplaneta) 185 I Mem. Am. Ent. Soc, No. 2. Plate I. HEBARD— NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE jMem. Am. Ent. Soc, No. 2. Plate IT. HEBARD— NORTH AM!:RI(\AN BLA'I'llDAE Mem. Am. Ext. Soc, No. 2. Plate III. HEBARD— NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Mem. Am. Ent. Soc, No. 2. Plate lY. HEBARD— NORTH AMERICAN BLATTIPAE Me^i. Am. Ent. Soc, Xo. 2. Plate \' HEBART)— XORTII AMERICAN BLATTIDAE Mem. Am. Ent. Soc, No. 2. Plate \'I HEBARD— NORTH A^IERTCAN BLATTIDAE i Mem. Am. Ext. Soc, No. 2. Plate VII. HKBARD NORTH AMKRICW PJ.ATTIP.AR Mem. Am. Ent. Soc, No. 2. Plate VI IT, HEBARI) XORTH AMERICAX BLATTIDAE Mem. Am. Ent. Soc. Xo. 2. Plate IX. 17 3 4 ^1 8 9 11 12 14 15 20 18 19 HEBARD— XORTH AMERICAX BLATTIDAE Mem. Am. Ent. Soc, No. 2. Plate X. HEBARD— NORTH AMERTCAN lU A'l riPAE i I i