AMC 056,2. MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY NUMBER 50 A REVIEW OF THE PLANTHOPPERS (HEMIPTERA: FULGOROIDEA) OF THE UNITED STATES By Charles R. Bartlett and Lois B. O'Brien and Stephen W. Wilson MCZ LIBRARY JAN 0 6 2015 HARVARD UNIVERSITY PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AT THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES PHILADELPHIA 2014 The American Entomological Society Philadelphia Founded 1859 Incorporated 1862 PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Daniel Otte David Horn Norman E. Woodley The offices, library, and meeting rooms of the Society are at The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOCIETY Transactions of the American Entomological Society are published in annual volumes of quarterly numbers. Subscription prices: United States $30.00 per yearly volume (four issues); foreign countries $34.00 per volume; U.S. and foreign members of the society $15.00 per volume. Entomological News is published bimonthly except July-August. Subscription prices: $30.00 per annual volume; foreign countries $34.00 per volume; U.S. and foreign mem- bers of the society $15.00 per volume. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society are published irregularly when a suit- able monograph is submitted and accepted for publication. Prices vary with size; see back cover for list of available numbers. Please address all inquiries relative to publications and other society matters to: The American Entomological Society The Academy of Natural Sciences 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA e-mail: ans_aes@drexel.edu Please visit the society's internet website at: http: // darwin.ansp.org/hosted/aes / MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY NUMBER 50 A REVIEW OF THE PLANTHOPPERS (HEMIPTERA: FULGOROIDEA) OF THE UNITED STATES By Charles R. Bartlett and Lois B. O'Brien and Stephen W. Wilson MCZ library JAN 0 6 2015 HARVARD UNIVERSITY PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AT THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES PHILADELPHIA 2014 Norman E. Woodley Editor Issued 15 June 2014 Composition by Anne M. Landgraf Brooklyn BookWorks Brooklyn, Michigan Printed in the United States of America by Sheridan Books Chelsea, Michigan TABLE OF CONTENTS Text Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Higher Classification and Phylogenetics 2 Morphology 3 Biology 3 Taxonomy and Nomenclature 4 Methods 5 Results 6 Taxonomic Treatment 7 Key to Families of Planthoppers North of Mexico 7 Acanaloniidae 8 Achilidae 9 Caliscelidae 11 Cixiidae 12 Delphacidae 15 Derbidae 24 Dictyopharidae 26 Flatidae 28 Fulgoridae 30 Issidae 32 Kinnaridae 34 Tropiduchidae 35 Summary of Nomenclatural Changes 37 Distribution of Planthopper Taxa in the Contiguous United States 37 Final Comments 38 Acknowledgments 38 Tables 1-8 40 Literature Cited 46 Appendix: List of the Planthoppers of North America 75 Figures 1-109 177 Figure 93, Phylogenetic Tree 258 Figures 94—107, Family Distribution Maps 259 Indexes 269 Species list Figures 75 181 77 182 83 OOI 00 r-H| 87 191 104 19 7 149 230 155 236 162 243 167 248 169 251 173 256 173 253 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Selected identification references for North American planthoppers (revised from Wilson 2005) 40 Table 2. Number of subfamilies, tribes, genera and species of planthoppers in the contiguous United States (excluding those reported in error) 42 Table 3. Number of planthopper genera and species among regions of the contiguous United States. Regions are based on political boundaries as defined in Figure 94 42 Table 4. Number of genera and species observed per unit area in the contiguous United States. Regions are based on US state political boundaries as defined in Figure 94. Land area compiled from U.S. Census Bureau (2011) 43 Table 5. Number of planthopper genera and species for regions within the contiguous United States 43 Table 6. Adventive planthopper species north of Mexico 44 Table 7. Total number of planthopper genera and species for families occurring in the varied regions 44 Table 8. New combinations and synonymies 45 Memoirs of THE American Entomological Society Number 50 A Review of the Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) of the United States By Charles R. Bartlett Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology University of Delaware 250 Townsend Hall, 531 S College Ave. Newark, DE 19716-2130 (e-mail: bartlett@udel.edu) Lois B. O'Brien Department of Entomology University of Arizona Forbes 410, PO Box 210036 Tucson, AZ 85721-0036 (e-mail: lbobrien@cox.net) AND Stephen W. Wilson Department of Biology and Agriculture University of Central Missouri Warrensburg, MO 64093 (e-mail: swwilson@ucmo.edu) ABSTRACT — The systematics of planthoppers north of Mexico is reviewed with particular emphasis on the contiguous United States. This overview includes a synopsis of each family, a checklist of all species reported north of Mexico, synonymies since Metcalf's (1936-1958) catalog, summaries of distribution, keys to genera with photographs representing nearly all listed genera, and a bibliography of papers published since the Metcalf catalog. We report 12 families with 167 genera and 914 species occur- ring in the contiguous United States, with an additional 5 genera and 26 species occurring in Canada and Alaska (all but one of these are Delphacidae). There are 11 species known to be adventive and 2 others whose native status has been questioned. Gen- erally, planthoppers are most species rich in the south, particularly the southwest, but species richness per unit area is higher for the northeast than the southeast or southwest. Species richness is lowest in the northwest U.S. 2 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES INTRODUCTION Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) com- prise a diverse group of phytophagous or fungiv- orous insects, exceeding 12,500 described species worldwide (Bourgoin 2012). At least 160 species in 16 families are recorded as pests (Wilson & O'Brien 1987), including some of major economic importance, such as the brown planthopper, Nila- parvata lugens (Stal, 1854), on rice. Planthoppers are vectors of viral and bacterial (including phyto- plasma) diseases of plants. Here we provide an overview of planthopper systematics north of Mexico. Our intent has been to provide an up- dated integrative resource summarizing our cur- rent understanding of North American plant- hoppers to assist current and future researchers. HIGHER CLASSIFICATION AND PHYLOGENETICS Planthoppers are in the hemipteran suborder Auchenorrhyncha (e.g.. Triplehorn & Johnson 2004), but the monophyly of Auchenorrhyncha has been questioned (e.g., Sorenson et al. 1995, Campbell et al. 1995, Bourgoin & Campbell 2002). When the monophyly of Auchenorrhyncha is not accepted, planthoppers are treated as a suborder (Fulgoromorpha) of uncertain relationship with the leafhoppers, treehoppers, spittlebugs and cicadas (the Cicadomorpha). However, recent evidence strongly supports auchenorrhynchan monophyly (Cryan 2005, Cryan & Urban 2012), relegating Fulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha to infraorders of Auchenorrhyncha. In either case, Fulgoromorpha is divided into 3 superfamilies and 30 families. The superfamilies are the extinct Coleoscytoidea, with a single family (Coleoscyti- dae) from the late Permian; the extinct Surijoko- cixioidea, with a single family (Surijokocixiidae) from the late Permian and early Triassic; and the Fulgoroidea consisting of 7 extinct and 21 extant families dating from the Jurassic (O'Brien & Wil- son 1985; Shcherbakov 2000, 2007; Szwedo et al. 2004, 2011; Szwedo 2007; Lin et al. 2010). Fossil planthoppers have most recently been reviewed by Szwedo et al. (2004). While the monophyly of Fulgoroidea has sel- dom been questioned, the number and composi- tion of planthopper families have varied greatly over time. The systematics of Auchenorrhyncha was summarized by Bourgoin & Campbell (2002) and Cryan & Urban (2012), but the most thorough phylogenetic analysis of planthopper families was that of Urban & Cryan (2007) (Fig. 93). Their work supports prior hypotheses (e.g., Asche 1988a) that Cixiidae and Delphacidae are the most anciently derived of extant planthopper families (potentially with the monophyletic Delphacidae arising from within a paraphyletic Cixiidae), fol- lowed by intermediately derived families of Meenoplidae, Kinnaridae, Achilidae, Derbidae and Achilixiidae. Dictyopharidae + Fulgoridae and Lophopidae + Eurybrachidae fall as sister groups that usually subtend the most recently de- rived families (Acanaloniidae, Caliscelidae, Flati- dae, Issidae, Nogodinidae, Ricaniidae, Tettigo- metridae, Tropiduchidae, and presumably Gen- gidae and Hypochthonellidae). The relative positions of families generally agree among phylogenetic analyses, but details remain inconsistent, with molecular rate variation and Tong-branches' contributing to analytical dif- ficulties (Urban & Cryan 2007, 2009). It is clear that not all families as currently comprised are monophyletic, with the composition of the higher planthopper families particularly vexing. For ex- ample, Issidae is only monophyletic when treated in the strict sense (i.e., without Hemisphaeriinae, Tonginae, and Caliscelidae) (Yeh et al. 1998, Yeh & Yang 1999). Soulier-Perkins (2000, 2001) has shown that the Neotropical genus Hesticus Walker 1862 does not belong in Lophopidae, although it is not clear to which family it belongs. Nogo- dinidae as currently comprised is polyphyletic (Urban & Cryan 2007). Nogodinidae in the strict sense is Neotropical, with the placement of other lineages still to be determined. It is possible that family taxonomy has been misinformed by super- ficial morphological features, such as brachyptery and crypsis, which may have developed inde- pendently in several lineages. A recent hypothesis by Hamilton (2012), based on his interpretation of the morphology of antennal sensillae, proposed reducing the number of extant planthopper fami- lies to 6 broadly defined taxa (Cixiidae, Delphaci- dae, Eurybrachidae, Fulgoridae, Issidae and Tet- tigometridae). It is clear that a much more taxonomically comprehensive, data-intensive, in- tegrative investigation is needed to develop a ro- bust, stable family taxonomy for planthoppers. At present, we can anticipate more changes in higher planthopper systematics as our understanding improves. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 3 MORPHOLOGY Planthoppers (Fulgoromorpha) are relatively easily separated from Cicadomorpha by features of the head, but like all Hemiptera, the head is greatly modified so that the named functional re- gions may not closely correspond to their mor- phological origins. Fulgoromorpha can be diag- nosed (from Cicadomorpha) by the conspicuous (2 segmented) antennae of planthoppers that are often proximally bulbous, arising beneath the eyes (except Bothriocera, Cixiidae), and bear sen- sory plaques (rhinaria) on the distal segment (Fig. 4D). The face bears 2 to 5 longitudinal ridges (cari- nae), consisting of lateral carinae dividing the functional frons (see below) from the genae, a me- dian carina dividing the front longitudinally in half, and, less often, intermediate carinae dividing the front longitudinally into quarters (Fig. 4C). Lateral ocelli are positioned below, and slightly anterior to, the middle of the compound eyes on the functional genae (Fig. 4B). The median ocellus is usually absent, but when present (most Cixi- idae, many Kinnaridae) is located just above the frontoclypeal suture (Fig. 4A). The clavus bears a pair of anal veins that fuse posteriorly, forming a characteristic Y-shaped anal vein (Fig. 4F). Also, the tegulae are usually present (sometimes hid- den) on the mesothorax (Fig. 70G-I). Wing bra- chyptery and polymorphism are widespread among planthopper families. Emeljanov (1996) provided an amended nomenclature for the vertex and frons of the planthopper head. 'Vertex' and 'frons' tend to be imprecise terms because they are commonly used to indicate relative position instead of morpholog- ical origin. For example, the morphological frons lies between the frontoclypeal and frontal sutures, and bears the median ocellus and origins of the labral muscles (Snodgrass 1935). In planthoppers, the median ocellus is near the frontoclypeal su- ture, and the presumptive location of the frontal sutures is just above it (e.g., Snodgrass 1935: 330, fig. 177F), circumscribing the morphological frons as an area just above the frontoclypeal suture, a different concept from that usually used in plant- hopper descriptive taxonomy. Instead, Emeljanov (1996) proposed corypha as the top of the head from the arms of the Y-shaped carina (approxi- mately between the compound eyes) to the poste- rior margin of the head, which is complementary to the metope (between the frontoclypeal suture and arms of the Y-shaped carina); the macroco- rypha is the corypha extended anteriorly to the fastigium (the inflection between the functional vertex and frons; complementary to the eume- topa), and the acrometopa is the region between the arms of the Y-shaped carina and the fastigium. This terminology, while increasingly used in de- scriptive taxonomy, has to date been infrequently followed by North American workers. Recent reconsiderations of wing vein nomen- clature (Dworakowska 1988, Bourgoin 1997) have altered traditional wing vein naming schemes (viz. Fennah 1944b). Following the generalized scheme initially proposed by Kukalova-Peck (1978, 1983), Dworakowska (1988) reinterpreted the wings of Auchenorrhyncha, with the primary difference that all principle longitudinal veins were interpreted as having an anterior and poste- rior branch, as opposed to the traditional scheme presented by Comstock (1918). The revised wing nomenclature is slowly being adopted by modern workers. Overviews of planthopper morphology are provided by Kramer (1950), O'Brien & Wilson (1985) and Carver et al. (1991). Recent morpholog- ical investigations include those on the head (Bourgoin 1986), antennae (Bourgoin & Deiss 1994), male genitalia (Bourgoin & Fluang 1990) and female genitalia (Bourgoin & Huang 1991, Bourgoin 1993, Gnezdilov 2003a). Kuznetsova et al. (1998) summarized testis structure, along with karyotype and sex-chromosome systems in plant- hoppers. BIOLOGY Host associations of planthoppers were sum- marized and discussed by Wilson et al. (1994), in- cluding a list of all planthopper-host associations known at that time. Immatures of Derbidae and Achilidae (and possibly Kinnaridae) appear to be fungus feeders, with the adults found on plants. The host-specificity of adult derbids and achilids is unclear. The remaining families of planthoppers in North America are plant feeders, understood to be phloem feeders, and associated with their hosts for all life stages. Plant hosts are important in planthopper life history as a food source, medium for egg deposition, and as a focus for mate finding, for which substrate-born vibration signals play an important role (e.g., Ossiannilsson 4 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES 1949; Claridge 1985a, b; Drosopoulos & Claridge 2006; Hoch & Wessel 2006; Tishechkin 2008). Sub- strate-born vibration may be an important factor in planthopper speciation (Claridge 1993, 1995; Claridge & de Vrijer 1994; Hollander 1995). Life history has been studied in a variety of plant- hoppers, both pest and non-pest species (e.g., Wil- son & McPherson 1981a, b, c, d, e; Giri & Freytag 1983; Wilson & Tsai 1984; Calvert & Wilson 1986; Calvert, Tsai & Wilson 1987; Ballou et al. 1987; Holder & Wilson 1992; Wilson & Wheeler 1992, 1984, 1987, 1988; McPherson & Wilson 1996; Wheeler 2003), although relatively few species have been thoroughly studied. Sexual reproduc- tion occurs as a rule, but pseudogamy (e.g., Drosopoulos 1976, 1977) and true parthenogene- sis (den Bieman & de Vrijer 1987) have been docu- mented in some species of Delphacidae. Many species of planthoppers produce waxes as nymphs, adults or both (e.g., Liang & O'Brien 2002, Liang & Wilson 2002, Liang & Jiang 2003, Lucchi & Mazzon 2004, Emeljanov 2009), but the biological functions and taxonomic distribution of wax production remains poorly investigated. The waxes of three Fulgoridae were found to be chem- ically similar to that of the sternorrhynchan Dacty- lopius coccus (Costa) (Dactylopiidae) (Mason et al. 1989). Some planthoppers have high dispersal ability, with long-distance migration well-known for delphacid planthoppers (e.g., Kisimoto & Rosenberg 1994). Of 6,063 Hemiptera collected in transoceanic dispersal studies (of 13,000 arthro- pods), 1,491 were Fulgoroidea (compared to 1,404 Cicadellidae and 1,886 Aphididae) (Holzapfel & Harrell 1968). Planthoppers are thought to be primitively subterranean, inserting eggs into host tissue, with epigean habits (having eggs deposited on the host surface and usually somehow covered) represent- ing the derived condition (Asche 1988a, Wilson et al. 1994, Urban & Cryan 2007). Some Cixiidae and a few Meenoplidae are obligate hypogean special- ists feeding on roots in caves and lava tubes (e.g., Howarth et al. 1990, Hoch 1991, Hoch & Asche 1993, Hoch & Howarth 1999). Adults and nymphs of most derived planthopper families are found on the above-ground portions of plants. Del- phacids tend to be multivoltine, although most other planthoppers are more often univoltine (Nickel 2003, Bartlett et al. 2011). Planthopper communities of the coastal saltmarsh have been extensively studied from a variety of contexts (e.g., see Denno & Roderick 1990, Denno & Peter- son 2000), in particular the interrelated influences of wing polymorphism (e.g., Denno 1975, McCoy & Rey 1981, Zera & Denno 1997), predation and parasitism (e.g., Finke & Denno 2002, 2003; Denno et al. 2003), and host plant nutrition (Denno et al. 1981, 1985, 1986; Cook & Denno 1994) on life his- tory characteristics. Host plant specificity varies greatly among planthopper taxa. Most species are deemed host specific, found on one to a few plant species, and seldom encountered off-host (Wilson et al. 1994). Others are broadly polyphagous; for example Metcalfa pruinosa is known from 120 plant species in 50 families in its native range in the United States, and 330 species and 78 families in its adventive range in Europe (Wilson & Lucchi 2001). Host plant associations of many species re- main at best incompletely known, and the re- ported hosts of many taxa require verification. Planthoppers of economic importance have been summarized by Wilson & O'Brien (1987), and those in the southeastern United States were ex- amined by Wilson (2005). TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE The seminal resource for information on Auchenorrhyncha systematics is the "Metcalf Cat- alog" (Metcalf 1936-1958, Wade 1960), although it is outdated due to nomenclatural changes, new distribution records (Fig. 109), many additional described taxa, and 50+ years of subsequent liter- ature. For planthoppers north of Mexico, Cixiidae is the only significant family to be monographed since 1960 (Kramer 1977, 1979, 1981a, b; 1983; Mead & Kramer 1982), but generic level changes have since been proposed (Emeljanov 1978, 2001a; Holzinger et al. 2002). O'Brien (1971) treated Plec- toderini of Achilidae, which includes most North American taxa. Most regional taxonomic re- sources for North American planthoppers (for re- gions larger than states) are dated, and there are no taxonomic resources for any western state. The best general resource for eastern taxa is Metcalf (1923). The best state resources are for Illinois (Wilson & McPherson 1980a), Alaska (Wilson 1988), the Yukon Territory (Wilson 1992) and Delaware (Bartlett et al. 2011). The only integra- tive update on planthopper distributions is for the eastern United States (Wilson & McPherson 1980b). Works presenting the taxonomy or distri- BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 5 bution of planthoppers of the western United States are generally lacking. O'Brien et al. (1991) present keys to families for immature plant- hoppers north of Mexico. Here we review the planthoppers found north of Mexico. Our intent is to provide the current tax- onomic status of planthoppers from the study area, with summary distributions, and to provide a base for future revisionary studies. We include artificial keys to genera for all families with pho- tos of representative species of most genera. The systematics and biology of all included families are briefly discussed. References to species-level keys are provided. A checklist of all planthopper species north of Mexico reported in the literature or found in collections is provided with updated nomenclature and summarized distribution. The checklist is intended to include all planthoppers reported north of Mexico, including those given in error. The biogeography of each planthopper family is examined for the contiguous United States based on state-level distribution records. METHODS The family-level classification adopted follows recent authorities as noted within the synopsis of each family. Keys to higher level planthopper taxa have been adapted from published sources, or composed where none had existed, and the origi- nal source should also be consulted. These keys are devised to work for taxa north of Mexico and may not account for taxa outside the study area. References to planthopper species keys compiled by Wilson (2005) are updated (Table 1). Morphol- ogy in the keys follows O'Brien & Wilson (1985) or is updated from the original key. Wing vein nomenclature follows Dworakowska (1988). The species checklist (Appendix 1) is updated from an unpublished work (by O'Brien & Wilson) that compiled planthopper species reported north of Mexico from the Metcalf catalog and subse- quent literature to the end of 2012. All species pur- ported to occur north of Mexico are included in the checklist. The arrangement of taxa is alphabet- ical by family, subfamily, tribe, and genus. Only names used as valid (including synonyms, new taxa, misspellings and new combinations) since the Metcalf catalog are included in the checklist, except where additional synonymy is deemed helpful to clarify subsequent nomenclatural his- tory. The Metcalf catalog should be consulted for a full listing of older synonymies. For all valid species included in the Metcalf catalog, the page number of the Metcalf entry is provided in square brackets following the valid name, followed by the original genus when not provided in the syn- onymy list. Author and year for all North Ameri- can taxa are reported in the checklist and are not repeated in the text, except for clarity or when taxa are discussed that are not listed. In the check- list, the valid name is the first listed, and subse- quent names (proceeded by "=") are junior syn- onyms. Synonyms are listed in chronological sequence. Taxonomic changes proposed here are limited since our main purpose was to review, not revise, the fauna north of Mexico. New combina- tions presented here (Table 8) are those needed to consistently define genera, and species syn- onymies are based on examination of type mate- rial. Gender agreements for new combinations were based on the gender traditionally applied to the genus (i.e., genera derived from the term Del- phax Fabricius 1798 are conventionally treated as feminine, even though ICZN 1961 stated Delphax was masculine). We have also synonymized color varieties with nominotypical species when the va- rieties do not appear to represent biologically or geographically distinct populations. With respect to the native status of taxa, we apply the terminol- ogy of Frank (2007) in defining 'adventive' as the antonym of 'native' and restricting 'introduced' to deliberate introduction. The synopsis of each family emphasizes cur- rent systematic status, as well as taxonomic and biological notes. Important changes in systemat- ics since the Metcalf catalog are discussed, along with comments on the composition of the fauna, particularly as it relates to the contiguous 48 U.S. states. For convenience, the U.S. states were arbi- trarily divided into 5 regions (Fig. 94), which are used in discussions of species distributions. For our current purposes, we have used these regions to describe patterns of planthopper distributions, although we made no attempt to subject these to statistical analyses, nor examine patterns below the state level. We recognize that political bound- aries have no biological meaning. Wherever counts of species are provided, subspecies are in- cluded within these tallies (although species re- ported in error are excluded as appropriate). Sci- entific names of plants follow the USDA PLANTS database (USDA, NRCS 2012). 6 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Species distribution records were compiled from the literature and specimens with emphasis on records north of Mexico. Literature distribu- tion records indicated in the checklist are from the Metcalf catalog as updated by subsequent litera- ture, emphasizing taxonomic and species survey literature, and observed specimens. Sources of lit- erature records are provided for each species. U.S. states are represented by their United States Post Service abbreviations. Canadian provinces are given two letter abbreviations following Maw et al. (2000). Records from other countries or faunis- tic zones are listed but further subdivisions are not given, except states for Mexico. Mexican states are compiled from specimens and as provided in the cited literature. For species occurring outside of the New World, country-level geographic records are provided, but these may not be ex- haustive. Early species distribution records, prior to genitalic-based taxonomic revisions, are in- cluded in the checklist, but are treated as ques- tionable unless subsequently verified. Specimen records were compiled from the fol- lowing collections (codens follow Arnett et al. 1993 for collections included in this work): AMNH American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY. BYUC Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT. CASC California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA. DENH University of New Hampshire Insect Collection, Department of Zoology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH. FSCA Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL. INHS Illinois Natural History Survey, Uni- versity of Illinois, Champaign, IL. LBOB Lois B. O'Brien Collection (associated with CASC), Green Valley, AZ. LSAM Louisiana State Arthropod Museum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA. NCSU Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. OSEC K. C. Emerson Museum, Department of Entomology, Oklahoma State Uni- versity, Stillwater, OK. SEMC Snow Entomological Museum, Uni- versity of Kansas Biodiversity Insti- tute, Lawrence, KS. SWWC Collection of S. W. Wilson, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO. TAMU Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. UDCC Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE. URIC Department of Plant Sciences and En- tomology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI. USNM National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. WFBC William F. Barr Entomology Museum, Department of Plant, Soil and Ento- mological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID. All available North American genera were photographed, representing all genera found north of Mexico, excluding those reported in error or whose presence could not be verified. When a figure represents a species not from the United States, the caption indicates where the specimen was collected and author and year of description. Gender is indicated for species that have substan- tive sexual dimorphism, but males were the pre- ferred photographic subject, particularly for del- phacids. Photographs were taken using a digital imagery system consisting of a Nikon SMZ1500 microscope, Nikon Digital Sight DS-U1 camera and NIS Elements Imaging software (version 3.0). Line art was digitally traced from photographs or redrawn from cited sources. RESULTS In this survey (Appendix 1), 12 families, repre- senting 167 genera and 914 species are here recorded as occurring in the contiguous 48 United States (Table 2). The families Achilixiidae, Eury- brachidae, Gengidae, Hypochthonellidae, Lo- phopidae, Meenoplidae, Nogodinidae (as cur- rently defined), Ricaniidae, and Tettigometridae do not occur in the U.S. or Canada. Inclusion of Canada and Alaska adds 5 genera and 26 species BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 7 to these totals, including 25 delphacids and 1 caliscelid. The greatest diversity of planthoppers is found in southwestern North America, with 144 genera and 647 species (Table 5). Eleven species in 6 families are adventive into the U.S. fauna, with 2 additional species reported as potential invasives, although it is unclear whether they are adventive or native (but not reported in early literature) (Table 6). Taxonomic Treatment Keys to the families of planthoppers are pre- sented by O'Brien & Wilson (1985) and Wilson (2005). Those of Wilson (2005) are also recom- mended since the familial level taxonomy has been updated and all of the world's families are included. Here we include only families found north of Mexico. KEY TO FAMILIES OF PLANTHOPPERS NORTH OF MEXICO 1. Hind tibiae with large, apical movable spur (calcar. Fig. 22), spur usually foliaceous and tectiform, bearing a row of black-tipped teeth on the posterior margin, rarely (Fig. 22A, Pentagramma, Copicerus ) spine-like; in- sects mostly less than 4.0 mm Delphacidae T. Hind tibiae without apical movable spur 2 2. Second hind tarsomere with two apical spines (1 on each side. Fig. 1A) and with tarsomere apex truncate or conical 3 2'. Second hind tarsomere with row of apical spines (Fig. IB) and with apex truncate or emarginate 8 3. Clavus with numerous small, pustule-like tubercles (e.g.. Figs. 2C-D); front wings longer than body, with sub- marginal costal vein and numerous parallel crossveins in 'precostal' area (Fig. 2C, i.e., on leading margin of wing), at rest held almost vertical at sides of body (except in the Flatoidinae, Figs. 79H-L); wings usually waxy Flatidae 3'. Clavus without pustule-like tubercles (except along claval vein in some Derbidae); front wings without nu- merous costal crossveins; wing position at rest variable 4 4. Front wings with a series of crossveins between costal margin and apex of clavus setting off a distinct nodal line and a differentiated apical reticulate area (Fig. 4G); wings macropterous and longer than abdomen (all recorded U.S. species in southeast) Tropiduchidae (Tangiini & Remosini) 4'. Front wings without differentiated apical portion; wings variable in length 5 5. Front wings broad, longer than body, held almost vertically at sides of body, venation irregularly reticulate (Fig. 6); hind tibiae without spines except at apex (Fig. ID); usually green (rarely pink, yellow to brown in Philatis, Fig. 6D); pronotum not extending anteriorly much beyond posterior aspect of eyes; ovipositor lat- erally compressed, gonapophyses of abdominal segment 8 bearing fine apical teeth (Fig. 3E) Acanaloniidae 5'. Front wings variable, may be shorter than abdomen; hind tibiae usually with 1- 4 subapical spines (Figs. 1E-G); ovipositor not laterally compressed, not bearing teeth on gonapophyses of segment 8 (if so, prono- tum will extend anteriorly beyond middle of eyes) 6 6. Usually brachypterous, wings much shorter than abdomen (Figs. 13-14), venation not reticulate; hind tibiae with single lateral spine (Fig. IE); front tibiae sometimes greatly expanded (Fig. 1J), face sometimes pro- jecting as “weevil-like" snout (Figs. 14C, E); small insects, mostly grass feeders Caliscelidae 6'. Wings usually extending to or beyond apex of abdomen, including brachypters (except Osbornia, Figs. 89J, 90J); venation often reticulate (e.g.. Fig. 90); hind tibiae with 1-4 lateral spines (Figs. 1E-G); front tibiae never greatly expanded, face not projecting, size variable 7 7. Forewings reticulate (Fig. 90), with some cells clear and membranous; pronotum often projecting forward be- yond middle of eyes; clypeus usually strongly carinate Tropiduchidae (Gaetuliini) 7'. Forewings rarely reticulate (Fig. 87), if reticulate (Figs. 87F, J), without clear membranous cells; pronotum usu- ally not projecting anteriorly beyond middle of eyes; clypeus often not carinate Issidae 8. Large species (>10mm), forewing usually colored (Fig. 2A), opaque and slightly thickened, held slightly tecti- form; venation usually reticulate; anal area of hind wing with crossveins Fulgoridae 8'. Usually smaller species, if >10mm then forewing usually clear, membranous; hind wing not reticulate (Fig. 2B, without crossveins), but if reticulate only at apical area beyond clavus 9 8 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES 9. Terminal segments of the beak short, subequal in length and width (Fig. 1H); often with pustules along claval vein of wing (e.g.. Fig. 2E); frons often narrowed with median carina absent or obscured (Fig. 65F-J); males with parameres exceeding abdomen in ventral view (Fig. 3B), many forms fragile with wings greatly sur- passing end of the abdomen Derbidae 9'. Terminal segment of beak much longer than wide (Fig. II); clavus without pustules, male parameres not ex- ceeding abdomen (e.g., Fig. 3A) 10 10. Front wings distinctly overlapping at apex (Figs. 11E-H, 12E-H), and concave on commissural (trailing) mar- gin in most taxa (e.g.. Fig. 4F); clavus closed, with united claval veins entering apex; body somewhat flat- tened Achilidae 10. ' Front wings not overlapping at apex (or only slightly) (e.g., Figs. 17F-J, 71A-C, 72A-C); claval vein not reach- ing apex of clavus; not particularly flattened 11 11. Head prolonged in front (e.g., Figs. 71A-C, 72B, C; 73E-H), or frons with 2-3 median carinae (e.g.. Figs. 72D, 74A-D; 4-5 total carinae on face); or (in brachypterous forms, particularly Orgeriinae, e.g.. Figs. 74E-H) tegulae are hidden and claval suture obscure; median ocellus absent Dictyopharidae 11'. Head not prolonged in front (e.g., Figs. 19F-J, 91E), frons with single median carinae (rarely none); tegulae present; claval suture distinct; median ocellus often present just above frontoclypeal suture (e.g., Fig. 4A) 12 12. Abdominal terga 6-8 chevron-shaped (at least in females, Fig. 4E), sometimes sunk below rest of terga; fe- males with reduced ovipositor (Fig. 3H); 3-4 mm; forewing veins usually without pustules or setae; usu- ally only 2 rows of crossveins, southwestern U.S. only Kinnaridae ( Oeclidius ) 12'. Abdominal terga normal, females with distinct, elongate ovipositor (Figs. 3F, G); variable in size, often larger than 4 mm (Figs. 17-19); forewing veins usually pustulate and/ or setigerous; common and widely distrib- uted Cixiidae Acanaloniidae (Figs. 5-6) Acanaloniidae north of Mexico consist of 2 genera (Acanalonia and Philatis ) and 20 species. Acanaloniidae are most diverse in the southwest, with a few widespread species distributed else- where (Fig. 95). The family is apparently absent from the northwest. Acanaloniidae are a small family, consisting at the time of Metcalf (1954b) of 13 genera and 81 species, all but 9 of which were New World. Fennah (1954) subsumed Acanaloni- idae into Issidae, and moved Euthiscia into Acanaloniinae from Issidae. Recently Emeljanov (1999) re-established the familial status of Acanaloniidae, but included the Old World Trienopinae and Tonginae formerly in Issidae. Since that time, Tonginae has been transferred to Nogodinidae and Trienopinae to Tropiduchidae (Gnezdilov 2007, 2008), giving Acanaloniidae once again a composition similar to that at the time of Metcalf (1954b). Subsequently, Gnezdilov (2012) subsumed Euthiscia under Philatis , a genus previously considered restricted to the Galapa- gos. Worldwide, Acanaloniidae consist of 12 gen- era and 82 species (Bourgoin 2012). Acanaloniidae in North America can be recog- nized by having broad wings with irregular retic- ulate venation, carried parallel to the body in re- pose, and lacking the parallel crossveins in the costal area and claval wax pustules of flatids. The second hind tarsomere bears a pair of spines (Fig. 1A), a feature of all higher Fulgoroidea, including Flatidae and Issidae, the families most similar to Acanaloniidae. Acanaloniids lack the lateral spines on the hind tibiae (Fig. ID) found in Issidae and Gaetuliini (Tropiduchidae). Keys to species for Acanalonia can be found in Doering (1932) and Freund & Wilson (1995). Acanalonia is widely distributed, with 19 species north of Mexico, and 71 species (and subspecies) distributed throughout the Nearctic and Neotrop- ical regions. We have found specimens of a poten- tially new species in this genus from the south- west. Acanalonia species are usually uniformly green (rarely pink) in life. Acanalonia bivittata var. rubescens Melichar, 1901 is here made a junior syn- onym of Acanalonia bivittata (Say, 1825) because it is just a pink color variant of the nominotypical species. Philatis tuberculata in contrast is yellowish to deep brown, and limited in the U.S. to southern BARTLETT, O’BRIEN & WILSON 9 California and Arizona. The only other Philatis in North America is Philatis signata (Van Duzee, 1923) (the type species of Euthiscia), described from Espiritu Santo Island, Mexico, off the coast of southern Baja California ( Euthiscia crockeri Van Duzee, 1937, from Santa Cruz (Indefatigable) Is- land, Galapagos, was previously moved into Phi- latis by Fennah (1967a)). Acanalonia conica recently expanded its range northward in the U.S. (Pechuman & Wheeler 1981) and is adventive in Europe (D'Urso & Uliana 2004, 2006). Acanalonia excavata was re- cently adventive into southern Florida, evidently from Nicaragua (Halbert 1997, 2000; Halbert et al. 2007). The life history of Acanalonia conica and A. bivittata were described by Wilson & McPherson (1981b), and host plants and immatures of A. pumila were described by Wheeler & Hoebeke (1982). Acanaloniids are feeders on woody and semi-woody plants, with both adults and nymphs on above-ground portions of plants and a single generation per year in the studied species. The male and female anatomy of U.S. species was de- scribed by Freund & Wilson (1995). KEY TO GENERA OF ACANALONIIDAE NORTH OF MEXICO (MODIFIED FROM FENNAH 1954). 1. Brown to yellow; vertex strongly anteriorly projecting (Fig. 5H); claval suture reaching to apical margin (Fig. 6D); uncommon, southwestern Philatis Stal 1'. Green (rarely pink); vertex usually truncate or rounded (Figs. 5E, G; except A. conica, Fig. 5F); claval suture usually not reaching apical margin (Figs. 6A-C); common and widespread Acanalonia Spinola Achilidae (Figs. 7-12) Achilidae are represented north of Mexico by 55 species in 8 genera. Achilidae are a moderate- sized group that at the time of Metcalf (1948) con- sisted of 77 genera and 224 species, and currently consist of 158 genera and 509 species (Bourgoin 2012). The achilids are of worldwide distribution, but are most diverse in the tropical and south tem- perate regions (Metcalf 1948). The higher taxon- omy of Achilidae is currently problematic, but North American achilids are all in the subfamily Achilinae (Metcalf 1948, Emeljanov 1993). Metcalf (1948) recognized 2 subfamilies in Achilidae, the Apatesoninae and the Achilinae. Apatesoninae consisted at that time of 2 genera and 5 species re- stricted to the Neotropics. Fennah (1950a) revised the genera of Achilidae of the world, recognizing 7 tribes, but no explicit subfamilies. Emeljanov (1992, 1993) subsumed Achilixiidae into Achili- dae, and recognized 3 subfamilies, 2 of which (Achilixiinae and Bebaiotinae) were subdivisions of Achilixiidae. All Achilidae proper were re- tained in Achilinae, which were divided into 3 su- pertribes and 12 tribes. However, Liang (2001) moved Achilixiidae to Cixiidae, but did not ad- dress the question of the higher taxonomy of Achilidae. Achilixiidae appear to be sister to Achilidae (Urban & Cryan 2007). North of Mex- ico, Achilinae consists of the tribes Achilini, My- conini, and Plectoderini (Fennah 1950a, O'Brien 1971, Emeljanov 1993). Achilidae are most easily recognized as being dorsoventrally flattened with the forewings api- cally overlapping when at rest. When the wings are outstretched, the trailing margins of the forewings are concave because the distal portion of the wing is expanded. Uniptera ampliata (Fig. 12G) departs somewhat from this general appearance. The sec- ond hind tarsomere bears a row of spines (Fig. 1C), a feature shared with Cixiidae and Kinnaridae, which are the most similar families. Of achilid gen- era found north of Mexico, Catonia is the most species-rich with 41 species, most of them Neotropical. Here Catonia nava bifasciata Metcalf, 1948 (a replacement name for Flata nava var. a Say, 1830) is made a junior synonym of Catonia nava (Say, 1830) since it is just a color variant of the nominotypical species. Cixidia includes 40 species, all but 14 of these Palearctic. All species of 4 genera ( Juniperthia , Synecdoche , Uniptera and Xerbus) occur north of Mexico, except a species of Synecdoche de- scribed from Vietnam (Fennah 1978a). Opsiplanon 10 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES (3 species) and Momar (3 species) include species from Central America or the Caribbean in addition to those north of Mexico. Among the North American taxa, 6 of 8 genera are in the tribe Plectoderini, which were revised north of Mexico by O'Brien (1971). One species, Uniptera ampliata, is in Achilini. The remaining genus, Cixidia, is in Myconini and can be identi- fied to species using Beirne (1950b) (as Epiptera ) for the Canadian fauna, which includes 11 of the 14 species north of Mexico. Epiptera was made a subgenus of Cixidia by Anufriev (1969). We have seen specimens of 3 putative new species of Achil- idae, 2 of these in Cixidia. California includes a disproportionally high percentage of the U.S. fauna with 28 species in 5 genera, of which 1 genus ( Uniptera ) and 13 species are endemic to the state. The genera Momar, Juniperthia, Uniptera and Xerbus are found only in the west, while Opsi- planon is only in the southeast. Catonia, Cixidia and Synecdoche are generally distributed. Achilids are generally more abundant in the southern U.S., al- though many species are widespread, particularly in the east (Fig. 96). Immatures are fungus feeders and are most easily found under the bark of dead logs (O'Brien 1971). Immatures are coated with a waxy material that apparently serves as protection from preda- tors (Hepburn 1967, Liang & O'Brien 2002). Cixi- dia are evidently associated with pines (Hepburn 1967, Wilson 1983). Adults feed on woody plants, and are more often associated with gymnosperms than other planthopper families (Wilson et al. 1994). Achilids have not been reported as eco- nomic pests (Wilson & O'Brien 1987). The degree of host specificity of adults is not clear (O'Brien 1971), although species are most often reported as polyphagous (Wilson et al. 1994). Achilids may exhibit a single generation per year (Bartlett et al. 2011), but adults are not closely synchronous (O'Brien 1971). Achilids are most readily collected at lights or in canopy traps (Wilson pers. obs.). KEY TO GENERA OF ACHILIDAE NORTH OF MEXICO (MODIFIED FROM O'BRIEN, 1971) 1. Costal cell broad, at its widest point 1/3 as wide as forewing; wings rather sinuate along costal margin (Fig. 12G); California Uniptera Ball 1 ' . Costal cell narrow, never more than 1 /4 as wide as forewing; wings not sinuate along costal margin 2 2. Head, including eyes, less than 2/3 as wide as pronotum (Fig. 11F) Cixidia Fieber 2'. Head, including eyes, at least 2/3 as wide as pronotum (e.g.. Figs. 11E, G, H) 3 3. Hind tibiae with spine on basal half (Fig. 8A); medioventral lobe of male pygofer present (Fig. 7); frons less than 1.5x as long medially as broad (e.g.. Figs. 11 A, D) 4 3'. Hind tibiae without spine in basal half (Fig. 8B); medioventral lobe of male pygofer reduced or absent; frons 1.5-2x (usually 2x, Fig. 11C) as long as broad; southwestern Juniperthia O'Brien 4. Fork of RP from Sc+RA in forewing near level of union of claval veins, subcostal cell about 1/3 length of forewing or longer (Figs. 9 A, B); medioventral lobe of male pygofer entire or bifurcate (Figs. 7D, E) 5 4'. Fork of RP from Sc+RA in forewing near stigma (Fig. 9C), subcostal cell 1/6 length of forewing, widest medi- ally; medioventral lobe of male pygofer trilobed at apex (Fig. 7F) Opsiplanon Fennah 5. Subcostal cell of forewing longer than 1/3 length of wing, narrow throughout (Fig. 9B); medioventral lobe of male pygofer entire (Figs. 7B, E) 6 5'. Subcostal cell of forewing about 1/3 length of wing, wider before its apex (Fig. 9 A); medioventral lobe of male pygofer bifurcate (Fig. 7 A, D) Catonia Uhler 6. Rostrum longer than clypeus, reaching base of hind coxae; pronotum medially shorter than tegulae (Fig. 10A), or if not, then mesonotum with lateral carinae straight 7 6'. Rostrum as long as clypeus; pronotum medially longer than tegulae (Fig. 10B), and mesonotum with lateral carinae bent or rounded; southwestern Xerbus O'Brien 7. Lateral lobe of phallobase broadened dorsoventrally, dorsal lobe reduced; frons with three pairs of dark spots (Fig. 11D), sometimes fused, on basal half; southwestern Momar Fennah 7'. Lateral lobe of phallobase not as above, dorsal lobe present; frons not so marked (e.g., Fig. 12B); widespread Synecdoche O'Brien BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 11 Caliscelidae (Figs. 13-15) Caliscelidae, sometimes called 'piglet bugs', are a relatively small family, consisting of 28 gen- era and 139 species at the time of Metcalf (1958, in- cluded within Issidae), and 64 genera and 195 species today (Bourgoin 2012). Caliscelidae north of Mexico consists of 6 genera and 54 species (53 in U.S. plus Bruchomorpha keidensia in western Canada), with most of these in the central and southwestern states. Caliscelids were elevated from a subfamily of Issidae to a family by Emel- janov (1999), partly in response to his disagree- ment with Fennah's (1987) treatment of the group. Subsequently, an expanded family diagnosis, and elaboration of tribal features, were provided by Gnezdilov & Wilson (2006), although family level features remain incompletely elaborated. Phylo- genetic analyses support Caliscelidae as an inde- pendent family (e.g., Yang & Chang 2000, Yeh et al. 2005, Urban & Cryan 2007). The composition and higher taxonomy of Caliscelidae has been un- der active scrutiny in recent years. At present, Caliscelidae are separated into 2 subfamilies, Caliscelinae with 2 tribes (Caliscelini and Pelt- onotellini) and Ommatidiotinae with 3 tribes (Ommatidiotini, Augilini and Adenissini) (Gnez- dilov & Wilson 2006, Gnezdilov 2011). In the Nearctic, most taxa are in Caliscelini (Calisceli- nae), except the adventive Asarcopus palmarum (the date bug) and Papagona in Ommatidiotini (Ommatidiotinae). The placement of Papagona in Ommatidiotinae may require re-evaluation, as Gnezdilov (2011: 239) has observed that "... the subfamily Ommatidiotinae seems to be limited to the Old World ..." Classification of Caliscelidae here follows Emeljanov (1999) as updated by Gnezdilov & Wilson (2006) and Gnezdilov (2011). Caliscelids are small, cryptic in habits, easily mistaken for nymphs (or beetles), and the most commonly encountered genera ( Bruchomorpha and Aphelonema ) are diverse, leading caliscelids to be undercollected and probably underreported in the planthopper literature. Caliscelids are distinc- tive among the North American fauna by being cylindrical planthoppers that are brachypterous (rarely macropterous), with the wings much shorter than the abdomen. Among the North American Issidae and Gaetuliini (Tropiduchidae), only Osbornia may also have wings much shorter than the abdomen, but it has partially reticulated wings ( Osbornia is included in the caliscelid key). Two genera of Caliscelidae have greatly expanded tibiae (front only in Caliscelis, front and middle in Fitchiella), and two genera ( Fitchiella and Bru- chomorpha) have the head projected similar to a weevil. Some caliscelids (e.g., Asarcopus , some Aphelonema ) have evident sexual dimorphism, but in Caliscelis sexual dimorphism is very striking. Caliscelids also have a single lateral spine on each hind tibia, whereas Issidae and Gaetuliini usually have more. Other morphological features of calis- celids overlap to some degree with Issidae and Gaetuliini. The genera north of Mexico were revised by Doering (1939, 1941) (as part of Issidae) and this work should be consulted for species identifica- tion. We have seen specimens of at least one new species of Bruchomorpha (as noted in Bartlett et al. 2011) north of Mexico, and several putatively new species from Mexico. Fitchiella should be revised since Doering (1941) did not have access to 3 of 8 described species. Emeljanov (1996c) divided Aphelonema into subgenera, followed here. Maw et al. (2000) and Hamilton (2002b, 2004) recog- nized Peltonotellus Puton in error as a valid North American genus. Peltonotellus was subsumed un- der Aphelonema by Melichar (1906), and Emel- janov (1996c) redefined Peltonotellus (type species, Peltonotellus raniformis Mulsant & Rey, 1855) as a Palearctic subgenus of Aphelonema. Caliscelidae are species-rich throughout most of the United States (Fig. 97), with highest rich- ness in the southwest and Great Plains. Three gen- era, Papagona and the adventive Caliscelis and Asarcopus (Quayle 1938, O'Brien 1967), are found only in the west. Of the 4 native genera, Papagona is known only north of Mexico. Fitchiella is found in the U.S. and Mexico (including an apparently undescribed Mexican species), and Bruchomorpha includes 6 additional taxa from Mexico (Caldwell 1945) and one from Costa Rica (Schmidt 1927). Aphelonema includes 16 species north of Mexico plus 4 Mexican species and 7 Palearctic species. Caliscelidae mostly feed on grasses. The biol- ogy of Bruchomorpha oculata was described by Wil- son & McPherson (1981d). For this species, devel- opment from egg to adult averaged 68 days in a laboratory study, but the number of generations per year was unclear. Bess (2005) reported that adult Fitchiella robertsonii ("Fitch's elephanthop- 12 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES per") are found in late summer (mid- August to September) in Indiana. They overwinter as adults and are associated with Orbexilum (Fabaceae) (possibly also Aristida, Poaceae). This species is associated with "dry gravel hill prairie, sand dunes on dry bedrock alvar and oak-pine bar- rens" (Bess 2005: 4) and is considered to be of con- servation concern. KEY TO GENERA OF CALISCELIDAE NORTH OF MEXICO Note: This key includes Osbornia (Tropiduchidae: Gaetuliini), since this genus can easily be mistaken for a calis- celid. Parenthetical numbers refer to Doering's (1939, 1941) "A contribution to the taxonomy of the sub- family Issinae" part and page number (i.e., 4: 209 refers to Doering, 1941, part 4, page 209). 1. V. 2. 2'. 3. 3'. 4. 4'. 5. 5'. 6. 6'. Front tibiae expanded, foliaceous (Fig. If) 2 Front tibiae not expanded or foliaceous 3 Front and middle tibiae expanded (only slightly in F. robertsonii ); head produced into weevil-like snout (Fig. 14E); frons, vertex, or pronotum pustulate (Fig. 15E); widespread Fitchiella Van Duzee (4: 209) Front tibiae and femora greatly expanded (Fig. 14D); head not produced into weevil-like snout; no pustules on head or thorax (Fig. 15D); color sexually dimorphic, males black and yellow, females all tan; adventive in California Caliscelis Laporte de Castelnau Frons, vertex, or pronotum with distinct sensory pustules, usually in two or more rows (e.g.. Figs. 15A, C, F); widespread distribution 4 Pustules absent or indistinct (Figs. 15B, 89J); southwestern 6 Vertex longer than broad (Fig. 13F), southwestern Papagona Ball (3: 146) Vertex broader than long (e.g.. Figs. 13A, C), widespread 5 Head usually produced and snout-like (Fig. 14C); vertex crescent shaped, 5-6 times as broad as long (Fig. 13C) Bruchomorpha Newman (3: 102) Head not produced snout-like (Fig. 14A); vertex usually less than 4 times as broad as long (A. decorata, simplex, and obscura excepted; these with median tablet of frons circular) Aphelonema Uhler (4: 187) Forewings touching medially, tightly fitted to body (Fig. 13B), venation not reticulate; frons slightly anteriorly projected (Fig. 14B); anterior margin of vertex rounded in dorsal view; usually orangish; adventive, on date palms in California Asarcopus Horvath Forewings slightly separated medially, not touching body along all margins (Fig. 89J), venation often reticu- late, especially distally (Fig. 901); vertex varied, either lateral margins dorsally projected (O. cornuta) or me- dially angular in dorsal view (O. arborea); color dark with pale markings to mostly pale Osbornia Ball (3: 96) ClXIIDAE (Figs. 16-21) Cixiidae north of Mexico are a large group, represented by 15 genera and 180 species (exclud- ing taxa reported in error). Worldwide Cixiidae consist of 84 genera and 786 species at the time of Metcalf (1936) and approximately 192 genera and 2220 species now (Holzinger et al. 2002, Bourgoin 2012), making them the largest family of plant- hoppers. The higher taxonomy of Cixiidae has been examined by Emeljanov (1989, 2002), Holzinger et al. (2002), Ceotto et al. (2008), and Ceotto & Bourgoin (2008), but has not yet been firmly established. The monophyly of Cixiidae with respect to Delphacidae is unclear (Asche 1988a, Urban & Cryan 2007, Ceotto et al. 2008, Ur- ban et al. 2010). Cixiidae are defined primarily by plesiomor- phic features (i.e., they lack the derived features found in other planthopper families). They are the earliest derived extant family of planthoppers, originating at least 130 mya, and possibly up to 200 mya, depending on whether particular fossils are included within Cixiidae (Szwedo et al. 2004, Bourgoin & Szwedo 2008). Cixiids and kinnarids are the only families that have a median ocellus, which is located just above the frontoclypeal su- BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 13 ture (Fig. 4A). Cixiids have a row of spines on the second hind tarsomere (Fig. IB), and females have a well-developed 'orthopteroid-type' ovipositor (Figs. 3F, G; Asche 1988a), a feature shared (in Ful- goroidea) only with Delphacidae. Kramer (1977; 1979; 1981a, b; 1983) and Mead & Kramer (1982) revised the family for the U.S., and these sources should be consulted for keys to species, although subsequently, 2 additional species of Oecleus were described by O'Brien (1982a) from Arizona and Texas, and 3 additional species of Cixius from California described by Tsaur (1990, 1993). The key to genera presented here is modified from Kramer (1983) with reference to Flolzinger (2002) and Holzinger et al. (2003). Since the modern taxonomy of cixiids relies heav- ily on features of the male genitalia, early distribu- tion records are here considered questionable. Cixiidae are diverse throughout United States, with the southwest (particularly Arizona and Cali- fornia) having the most species and the northwest having the fewest (Fig. 98). Of the 15 cixiid genera found north of Mexico, 5 are monotypic (Asotoci- xius, Platy cixius, Stegocixius, Oliaronus and Nymphocixia) with all but the last of these occurring only in the southwest. Nymphocixia is southeastern and Neotropical and has been reported on man- grove ( Rhizophora spp.). Monorachis is found pri- marily in the southeast, plus 2 additional species in Mexico (Emeljanov 2001b). Microledrida includes 3 species in the southwest and an additional 3 in Central America. Pintalia includes 3 eastern species and an additional 77 in the Neotropics. Bothriocera has 10 species in the U.S., 8 of which are eastern, and an additional 37 species in the Neotropics. Oe- cleus is widespread, but nearly all of the 43 U.S. species are southwestern, and 11 additional species are known in Central America. Cixius , Myndus and Oliarus, as historically de- fined, are virtually worldwide in distribution, al- though recent workers have placed the Nearctic Myndus into Haplaxius (Holzinger et al. 2002) and Nearctic Oliarus primarily into Melanoliarus (Emeljanov 2001a), with limited discussion on the morphological basis for these changes. Emeljanov (2001a) also moved some New World "Oliarus" into Reptalus and Pentastiridius (these changes have been adopted in the checklist and key). Ad- ditional modifications to the North American generic nomenclature appear very likely in the fu- ture, particularly since the features that purport to separate Melanoliarus and Reptalus have yet to be defined and the monophyly of Melanoliarus, Rep- talus and Haplaxius needs to be established. The placement of genera within higher taxa follows Emeljanov (2001a, 2002) and Holzinger et al. (2002). Nymphs, and sometimes adults, are subter- ranean, feeding on plant roots and perhaps fungi (Wilson et al. 1994). Most nymphal host records are from grasses, whereas most adult host records are from woody dicots (Wilson et al. 1994). The subterranean nymphs of Oecleus borealis and Hap- laxius crudus were described by Wilson et al. (1983) and Wilson & Tsai (1982), respectively. Ma- ternal care (protection of eggs) was observed in Oecleus nolinus on Yucca and Dasylirion (Fowler & Whitford 1985). Cixiids in the east apparently have a single generation per year (Bartlett et al. 2011). Cixiids are known vectors of phytoplasmas (mycoplasma-like organisms), the cause of lethal yellowing of palms in Florida and the Caribbean, with Haplaxius crudus implicated as one of the more important vectors (e.g., Tsai & Kirsch 1978, Howard & Thomas 1980). 14 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES KEY TO GENERA OF CIXIIDAE NORTH OF MEXICO Either antennae arising from elongated cup-like cavities anterior to eyes (Fig. 16F) or vertex much narrowed, almost slit-like (Fig. 16C), without strongly elevated lateral margins 2 Without either of the above features 3 Vertex produced anteriorly with antennae arising in front of eyes (Fig. 16F), width of vertex on anterior margin greater than its median longitudinal length (Fig. 17G); mesonotum with 3 carinae Bothriocera Burmeister Vertex narrowly produced with antennae arising below eyes (similar to Fig. 16E), width of vertex on anterior margin much less than its median longitudinal length (Fig. 16C); mesonotum usually with 5 carinae (Fig. 181) Oecleus Stal With one or more spines on hind tibiae before apex (similar to Figs. 16G, H) 4 Without spines on hind tibiae before apex 11 Posterior margin of vertex angularly incised (Fig. 16B); mesonotum with five longitudinal carinae, but inter- mediate pair sometimes obsolete (e.g. Figs. 19F, I) 5 Posterior margin of vertex quadrately or roundly incised (Fig. 16A); mesonotum with three longitudinal cari- nae (Fig. 17H) 7 Middle portion of costal area of each forewing thickened, dark, and setaceous (Fig. 21 B); southwestern Oliaronus Ball Middle portion of costal area of each forewing hyaline or nearly so, without setaceous punctures (Figs. 20E; 21C, F) 6 10 or more teeth at the apex of the first hind tarsomere (Fig. 16G) Pentastiridius Kirschbaum 10 or fewer teeth at the apex of the first tarsomere (Fig. 16H) Melanoliarus Fennah & Reptalus Emeljanov1 Eye elongate, about twice as long as wide; pronotum not strongly narrowed at middle (Fig. 18F); head porrect in lateral view (Fig. 20F) Microledrida Fowler Without all of the above features 8 Submacropterous species, forewings just reaching or only slightly exceeding apex of abdomen (Fig. 20G), hindwings reduced to elongated scales Monorachis Uhler (in part) Macropterous species, forewings extending much beyond apex of abdomen, hindwings fully developed . . .9 Forewings at rest roof-like in position with distal portions clearly separated (Fig. 17H); spines on hind tibiae conspicuous Cixius Latreille Forewings at rest vertical in position with distal portions broadly appressed (Fig. 19G); spines on hind tibiae less conspicuous 10 Mesonotum convex in lateral view (Fig. 20G); apical cells of forewing comparatively broad; frons with mi- dlength and greatest width subequal (Fig. 18B) Monorachis Uhler (in part) Mesonotum flat in lateral view (Fig. 21D); apical cells of forewing almost uniformly slender; frons with mid- length exceeding greatest width (Fig. 19B) Pintalia Stal Middle portion of pronotum concealed by basal portion of vertex (Fig. 18H); head in lateral view broadly rounded (Fig. 16D) Nymphocixia Van Duzee 11 '. Middle portion of pronotum exposed; head in lateral view not broadly rounded 12 12. Pronotum unusually large and concealing all but tips of tegulae (Fig. 19J) Stegocixius Kramer. 12'. Pronotum not unusually large, most of tegulae exposed 13 13. Carina on longitudinal midline of frons absent (Fig. 19C) Platycixius Van Duzee 13'. Carina on longitudinal midline of frons present (e.g.. Figs. 17A, D) 14 14. Vertex with distinct carina on both longitudinal midline and between anterior portions of eyes; longitudinal midlength of mesonotum at least 3x longitudinal midlength of vertex (Fig. 17F); southwestern Asotocixius Kramer 14'. Vertex without distinct carina on both longitudinal midline and between anterior portions of eyes; longitudi- nal midlength of mesonotum about 2x or less longitudinal midlength of vertex (Fig. 171), widespread .... Haplaxius Fowler 1' 2. 2'. 3. 3'. 4. 4'. 5. 5'. 6. 6'. 7. 7'. 8. 8'. 9. 9'. 10. 10'. 11. 1 At present, it is not dear how Nearctic Melanoliarus and Reptalus are to be separated because the focus of Emeljanov (2001, 2002) and Holzinger et al. (2002), who placed Nearctic " Oliarus " into Melanoliarus, has largely been on the Palearctic fauna. The features of Melanoliarus, now expanded to include most Nearctic Pentastirini, need to be re-evaluated and the generic position of all New World Pentastirini requires reexamination. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 15 Delphacidae (Figs. 22-63) Delphacidae are the most species-rich family of planthoppers north of Mexico. The delphacids are represented in the contiguous United States by 61 genera and 312 species, with an additional 5 gen- era (Kusnezoviella, Megadelphax, Paradelphacodes, Scolopygos and Unkanodes ) and 26 species (exclud- ing Delphacodes uniformis, see below) occurring in Canada and Alaska, for a total fauna of 66 genera and 338 species. Species diversity is highest in Florida, with 41 genera and 137 species reported (Kennedy et al. 2012). Worldwide, Delphacidae consist of approximately 398 genera and 2019 species (Bourgoin 2012), 45% of which have been described since Metcalf (1943), who listed 137 gen- era and 1114 species. Delphacidae are evidently the second largest family of planthoppers, with species totals closely similar to Cixiidae (Table 7). The higher taxonomy of Delphacidae has been examined by Asche (1985, 1990), Emeljanov (1996b), Hamilton (2006), and Urban et al. (2010). Asche (1985, 1990) provided the first cladistic treatment of delphacids, resulting in a classifica- tion with 6 subfamilies including an admittedly paraphyletic Asiracinae with tribes Ugyopini and Asiracini. Emeljanov (1996) described a series of new delphacid tribes with reference to features of immatures and raised Asche's (1985, 1990) asir- acine tribes to subfamily, although he subsumed all advanced subfamilies under Delphacinae as tribes. Hamilton (2006) discussed the higher del- phacid phylogeny, suggesting a classification fol- lowing Emeljanov (1996b), except that Asche's Kelisiinae were subsumed to a subtribe under Stenocranini within Delphacinae, and Saccha- rosydnini reduced to a subtribe of Tropido- cephalini. Urban et al. (2010) provided the first combined molecular and morphological phy- logeny with a large sample of taxa and all major lineages. The classification presented here follows Urban et al. (2010), which treats Ugyopinae as a tribe of Asiracinae, and Stenocraninae, Kelisiinae, and the tribes of Delphacinae at the same taxo- nomic levels proposed by Asche (1985, 1990). Delphacidae are easily recognized by the mov- able spur, the calcar (Fig. 22), found at the apex of each hind tibia. Delphacids are most closely re- lated to cixiids, and it is possible that they are de- rived from within Cixiidae (Asche 1985, Ceotto et al. 2008, Urban et al. 2010). They share with Cixi- idae an 'orthopteroid' ovipositor. Unlike Cixiidae, a median ocellus is always absent. Delphacids are species-rich throughout the United States, with highest richness found in the south generally, and Florida specifically, and lowest evident richness in the Northwest (Fig. 99). Most North American genera have been revised or described since Met- calf (1943) (Table 1), including 8 monotypic gen- era (Beamer 1950c; Bartlett 2002, 2006). Hamilton (2006) revised Canadian Stenocranus, creating the subgenus Codex and redefining several species. Kennedy et al. (2012) reviewed the delphacid species of Florida, moved a number of species from Delphacodes to Syndelphax and Euides to Pa- reuidella, and described 3 new species and a new genus (Meristopsis) . Several genera require revision or reassess- ment, with Delphacodes representing the most acute problem. Beamer (1946d; 1947; 1948a, b, c; 1950a; 1951a; 1952a) described 58 species of Del- phacodes. Delphacodes has since been redefined as a Palearctic genus (Wagner 1963, Asche & Remane 1983, Asche 1985), and all New World species of " Delphacodes " are misplaced. Here 16 "Delpha- codes" are moved to 11 genera in which they are more appropriately placed (Table 8, Appendix 1), leaving 49 species in "Delphacodes" north of Mex- ico. Of the taxa remaining in Delphacodes, nearly half are the current target of two revisionary sys- tematics projects of the first author, and will be placed at the completion of those studies. The re- mainder either require further study or may be best placed in new genera. Similarly, New World members of Euides, Eu- rysa, and Kormus are likely not to be congeneric with their Old World counterparts. Many Del- phacini have historically been placed in the genus Eiburnia Stal, 1866 (type species, Embolophora mo- noceros Stal, 1855), but this genus is in Stenocrani- nae and a junior synonym of Embolophora Stal, 1853 (Bartlett 2008, ICZN 2010). Hamilton (2002a) redefined Caenodelphax, Elachodelphax, Eury- bregma, Kosswigianella and Paraliburnia, but incom- pletely considered the species that may belong in these genera (some of which we have moved here). Several significant genera lack keys to North American species, most notably javesella, Nothodelphax, Syndelphax and " Delphacodes ". From examination of descriptions, detailed il- lustrations of male genitalia, and/or type speci- mens, the following new synonymies are desig- nated (Table 8): Delphacodes dentipennis Beamer is 16 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES a synonym of D. nigridorsum (Crawford), D. nigri- gaster (Crawford) is a synonym of Ribautodelphax albostriata (Fieber), Pissonotus nigridorsum Metcalf is a synonym of Delphacodes nitens Muir & Giffard (the junior name is here used as a valid replace- ment name to avoid homonymy with Delphacodes nigridorsum (Crawford)), Criomorphus conspicuus (Metcalf) and C. wilhelmi Anufriev & Averkin are synonyms of Criomorphus inconspicuus (Uhler), and Delphacodes ardentis Beamer is a synonym of Tagosodes wallacei (Muir & Giffard). Delphacodes uniformis Metcalf, 1943 (replacement name for Delphax unicolor Walker, 1851 nec Herrich-Schaf- fer, 1835), reported from Fludson Bay, Quebec (Walker 1851; Moore 1950a, b) is a nymph, and not a delphacid (Muir 1919a); it is listed below but not included in the count of species. The species re- ported as Delphacodes montezumae by Giri & Frey- tag (1983b) and Giri et al. (1985) is more plausibly Delphacodes plenatra (both species here moved to Isodelphax ); however the reference specimen in the University of Kentucky collection is missing its genitalia, so its identity cannot be confirmed. Based on illustrations, these species may be syn- onyms. Euides guaduae, which was recently re- ported from Florida (Kennedy et al. 2012) is here moved to Mueller ianella. A few species included on this list are of uncer- tain status. The type specimens of Delphacodes rivularis (Germar) and Delphacodes carinata (Glover) are evidently lost; thus the identity of these taxa could not be established. Delphacodes cidta (Van Duzee) and Delphacodes furcata (Provancher) were described from females, and we anticipate that they are not distinct from other described taxa. Delphacodes hemiptera (Germar) was reported from Alaska in error, but is a north- ern European species of uncertain identity. Most delphacids are found on herbaceous monocots in wet habitats, although a few North American taxa (e.g., Pissonotus , Stobaera) are found on Asteraceae or other dicots (Kramer 1973, Wilson et al. 1994, Bartlett & Deitz 2000), and the majority of the diverse native Hawaiian fauna oc- cur on woody dicots (Zimmerman 1948; Wilson et al. 1994; Roderick & Metz 1997; Asche 1997, 1998). The biology or host plant relationships of a vari- ety of North American species has been de- scribed, including Megamelus davisi by (Au 1941, Wilson & McPherson 1981e), the corn plant- hopper Peregrinus maidis (Napompeth 1973, Wil- son & Tsai, 1984b), Kosszvigianella lutulenta (as Del- phacodes, Giri & Freytag 1983a), Stobaera spp. (Goeden & Ricker 1974a, b; 1975; 1976a, b, c; Calvert, Wilson & Tsai 1987), Stenocranus lautus (Calvert & Wilson 1986), Sogatella kolophon, Del- phacodes nigrifacies (Calvert, Tsai & Wilson 1987) and Toy a idonea (as Delphacodes, Ballou et al. 1987). Wheeler (2003) recorded the life history of Javesella opaca on the moss Polytrichum commune Hedw. Prokelisia species have been extensively studied (e.g., Denno & Grissell 1979; Denno & Mc- Cloud 1985; Denno et al. 1985, 1990; Stiling & Strong 1982a, b; Stiling et al 1991; Heady & Denno 1991; Holder & Wilson 1992). Delphacids are fre- quently multivoltine, reaching the adult stage from eggs in about 30 days, and may overwinter as eggs, nymphs or (less often) adults. Delphacidae are the most economically impor- tant group of planthoppers. The family includes at least 55 species that feed on economic plants, including major pests of agricultural crops (Hill 1983, 1987; Wilson & O'Brien 1987). Plants are damaged both from direct feeding and transmis- sion of plant diseases, particularly viral diseases (e.g., Fiji disease of sugarcane by Perkinsiella sac- charicida ; rice grassy stunt and rice ragged stunt by Nilaparvata spp.; rice hoja blanca by Tagosodes spp.; rice yellows by Sogatella furcifera; cereal mo- saic, Barley yellow striate mosaic virus, and oat rosette virus by Laodelphax striatella (Fallen, 1826); maize mosaic and maize stripe viruses by Peregri- nus maidis; and "Mai de Rio Cuarto virus" in maize by Delphacodes kuscheli Fennah, 1955 (Atkins & Adair 1957; Atkins et al. 1958; Hill 1983, 1987; Conti 1985; Tsai & Wilson 1986; Wilson & O'Brien 1987; Ammar et al. 1987; Wilson & Clar- idge 1991; Nault 1994; Truol et al. 2000). In addi- tion to viruses, Arocha et al. (2005) have shown transmission of sugarcane yellow leaf phyto- plasma by Saccharosydne saccharivora. These listed vectors included five major world food crops (wheat, rice, corn, barley, and sugarcane). Addi- tionally, at least three delphacid species are known to feed on sorghum (Wilson & O'Brien 1987). Of the delphacid vectors in the U.S., Perkin- siella saccharicida is adventive (Sosa 1985, Sosa et al. 1986, Meagher et al. 1993, Emeljanov 1994), Peregrinus maidis is presumed native (but see Brewbaker 1979, Nault 1983), Tagosodes spp. and Sogatella molina are adventives, and it is unclear whether Metadelphax propinqua and Sogatella kolophon are native or adventive (Atkins & Adair BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 17 1957, Atkins et al. 1958, Cherry et al. 1986, Gonzon & Bartlett 2008, Hamilton 2010, Kennedy et al. 2012). Conomclus anceps and Harmalia anachnrsis have also been adventive into North America (Wooten et al. 1993, Wheeler & Hoebeke 2008), and Prokelisia marginata has been adventive to Eu rope (Seljak 2004), and has been studied for bio logical control of Spartina in Washington (Grev stad et al. 2003, 2004). KEY TO GENERA OF DELPHACIDAE NORTH OF MEXICO (MALES ONLY) Note: The key presented here is the first modern key to North American genera. The key is designed for males only because male genitalic features (illustrated in Fig. 24) are usually needed to recognize the higher taxa and many genera. In addition, delphacids are frequently sexually dimorphic, with color or structural de- tails varying between genders. Delphacodes is polyphyletic and will key out in several places, but all Del- phacodes species (particularly rare taxa) may not have been accounted for in the current key. Other genera may not be uniform in some features. 1. Post tibial spur (calcar) spine-like (Fig. 22 A), circular or quadrate in cross-section, not bearing teeth on the pos- terior margin; aedeagus bearing a well-developed apical flagellum (Fig. 49F); larger species, over 4 mm . . (Asiracinae) 2 1'. Post tibial spur flattened, usually tectiform or foliaceous and usually bearing black-tipped teeth on posterior margin (Figs. 22B-G); aedeagus with flagellum lacking or vestigial 3 2. Antennae long and strongly flattened (Fig. 41A); color earth-toned (Fig. 25E) Copicerus irroratus Swartz 2'. Antennae short, terete (Fig. 25B); green (Fig. 25F) Pentagramma Van Duzee 3. Aedeagus with sperm-conducting tube strongly sclerotized and clearly evident, vestigial aedeagal flagellum may be present; aedeagus either with well developed phallotheca incompletely surrounding the aedeagus (Figs. 23F; 491, J) (aedeagus movable within phallobase, which usually bears a ventrally directed apical process), OR having 1-2 elongate subanal processes (Figs. 23E, 49H) derived from link between base of aedeagus and anal segment (abdominal segment 10, dorsad of genital opening in caudal view); frons gen- erally narrow (length > 2.5x width) or lateral margins convex; pronotal lateral carinae straight, reaching posterior margin (Stenocraninae and Kelisiinae) 4 3'. Aedeagus with sperm conducting tube not conspicuous (aedeagus fused with phallobase to form theca); aedeagal flagellum absent; processes never present from link between aedeagus and anal segment; frons generally wider (length < 2.5x width); lateral margins usually parallel; pronotal lateral carinae usually curved, often not reaching posterior margin (Delphacinae) 7 4. Calcar solid, slightly concave on inner surface, with large distinct conical teeth on posterior margin (Fig. 22B); male genitalia having 1-2 elongate subanal processes (Fig. 23E) derived from link between base of aedea- gus and anal segment; anal segment without paired processes (Fig. 49H); gonoplacs of female never greatly enlarged (Kelisiinae) Kelisia Fieber 4'. Calcar foliate, tectiform, with numerous small teeth on the posterior margin (Fig. 22C); aedeagus with well de- veloped phallotheca incompletely surrounding the aedeagus, usually bearing a ventrally directed apical process (Fig. 23F); processes absent on link between aedeagus and anal segment; anal segment with paired processes (Figs. 23F; 491, J); gonoplacs of female often greatly enlarged (Fig. 3D), frequently wax-bearing . (Stenocraninae) 5 5. Median carina of frons paired (Figs. 26B); anal segment with 2 paired processes (Fig. 49]) Obtusicranus bicarinus Bartlett 5'. Frons with single median carina (Fig. 26A, C, D); anal segment usually with 1 pair of processes (Fig. 491; ex- cept Stenocranus arundineus) 6 6. Angle between vertex and frons acute in lateral view, vertex projected in front of eye for nearly width of eye (Fig. 41E); gonoplacs of female not greatly expanded (similar to Fig. 3C) Kelisicranus arundiniphagus Bartlett 6'. Angle between vertex and frons rounded in lateral view (somewhat acute in S. acutus), vertex only slightly projected in front of eye (Figs. 41G, H); gonoplacs of female greatly expanded (Fig. 3D, except S. similis, Fig. 3C) Stenocranus Fieber 7. Fragile forms, usually green or yellowish green (Fig. 26J; ours with acutely pointed head in lateral view. Fig. 411); distal spines of posterior tibiae with 2 inner and 5 outer spines (Fig. 22D); aedeagus elastic, strongly elongate, in repose curled within membranous bag comprised of diaphragm; one species in the U.S.; on sugarcane and Andropogon grasses (Saccharosydnini) Saccharosydne saccharivora (Westwood) 18 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES 7' 8. 8'. 9. 9'. 10. 10' Form various, usually stout, lacking the above features (most similar taxa, Neomegamelanus and Tumidagena, are not green; Figs. 35G, 40H); distal spines of posterior tibiae with 2 inner and 3 outer spines; aedeagus not as above (most delphacids) (Delphacini) 8 Antennal segments (at least basal segment) flattened in cross-section (e.g.. Figs. 27E, 37B, 39C) 9 Antennal segments terete in cross section 13 Frons very broad dorsally, rather peltate (Fig. 27E); median carina of frons strongly forked 3A distance between vertex and frontoclypeal suture Bostaera Ball Frons not peltate and not as broad dorsally (e.g., Fig. 39C), median carina of frons not forked or forked less than Vi distance between vertex and frons 10 Larger species, ca. 4.5 mm; dark colored with broad pale dorsal median vitta on thorax (Fig. 37G), macropter- ous; frons strongly bicolored (Fig. 37B), dorsally dark and pale ventrally; pygofer opening with 2 processes on ventral margin (Fig. 23G); adventive on sugarcane Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy Smaller species, less than 3.5 mm; without pale median vitta on thorax (if present frons not as above); frons varied; pygofer opening usually without processes 11 11. Frons brownish, without spotting, with dark band along frontoclypeal margin (Fig. 28C); usually brachypters with conspicuous setal bases (Fig. 28H); adventive on Juncus; known from southeastern Canada Conomelus anceps (Germar) 11'. Frons varied, usually pale and maculated (Fig. 39C); widespread 12 12. Male pygofer without median processes on ventral margin of opening; segment 10 with one process, originat- ing from middle of ventrocaudal margin (Fig. 62B); usually macropterous with cream, yellow and orange themes (Figs. 39C, FI; 48C); mostly Ambrosia feeders, widespread Stobaera Stal 12'. Male pygofer with median processes on ventral margin of opening (similar to Fig. 23G); segment 10 with two processes, originating from lateral portion of ventrocaudal margin (Fig. 60E); usually brachypterous (few) Pissonotus Van Duzee2 13. Frons and vertex with distinct pits (Figs. 27A, 32E, 33A) 14 13'. Frons and vertex without distinct pits (may have spots) 15 14. Median carina of frons single (Fig. 27A) Laccocera Van Duzee 14'. Median carina of frons paired (Fig. 32E, 33 A) Achorotile Fieber 15. Frons with 2 median carinae (Figs. 28D, 33C, 38E), or with median carinae forked near frontoclypeal margin (length of stem less than length of paired carinae) 16 15'. Median carina of frons single, or forked closer to fastigium (e.g.. Fig. 37A) 19 16. Frons broad, uniformly colored, lateral margins strongly rounded, median carinae weak (Fig. 38E); head in lateral view obtusely rounded from vertex and declinate; very small species (less than 2.6 mm); body uni- formly light brown (Fig. 38J); Florida only (rare) Rotundifronta lutea Beamer 16'. Frons not as above (Figs. 28D, 33C) and usually larger species; if small then frons spotted (similar to Fig. 27D); frons with parallel sides or weakly convex, head not obtusely rounded in lateral view, median carinae strong or weak; body not uniformly colored 17 Frons spotted (Fig. 27D), median carinae joined to single stem near frontoclypeal suture, very small species (less than 2.0 mm); antennae very short (few) Bakerella Crawford (e.g., B. pediforma) Frons not spotted (Figs. 28D, 33C), median carinae not joined to single stem; larger species (more than 2.5 mm); antennae longer 18 Frons uniformly colored (Fig. 28D); carinae inconspicuous on frons and thoracic nota (Fig. 281); frons of head rounded in lateral view; male parameres strongly diverging; brachypterous forewing apically pale con- trasting with reddish-castaneous forewing and abdomen; northern species Criomorphus Curtis Frons pale, darkened along carinae (Fig. 33C); carinae conspicuous on frons and thoracic nota (Fig. 33H); head in lateral view somewhat angled apically; male parameres parallel; southeast and Neotropics Macrotomella carinata Van Duzee Male pygofer with elongate processes or distinct median projection on (or near) ventral opening (in front of parameres in caudal view) (similar to Figs. 23G; 55E, J) 20 19'. Male pygofer without median processes or pronounced median tooth on ventral margin (lateral projections may be present) 28 20. Slightly flattened, pale delphacids, with a median thoracic vitta (Figs. 37H, 38F1); segment 10 of male genitalia with single median process (Figs. 60C, 61C); pygofer with lateral processes in addition to a pronounced median projection on the ventral margin (which may be forked) (southern species) 21 20'. Not as above 22 17. 17'. 18. 18'. 19 2 Pissonotus cjuadripustulatus and P. tessellatus from Southeastern US and Gulf Coast. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 19 21. Pygofer process apically forked (Fig. 60C), originating directly on mid ventral rim; in lateral view, pygofer (in our species) broadly dentate (Fig. 60H), posterior most extension about at midlength, lacking posterior di- rected processes Phrictopyga Caldwell 21'. Pygofer processes not forked (Fig. 61 C), originating somewhat ventrad of rim; pygofer more rounded in lat- eral view (Fig. 61P1), bearing (in our species) a pair of elongate posteriorly directed processes Pygospina Caldwell 22. Male genitalia in caudal view expanded (Fig. 57B), with inflated or folded appearance; processes of pygofer stout Megamelus Fieber 22'. Male genitalia without inflated appearance; processes of pygofer slender 23 23. Pygofer with paired processes on ventral margin (Figs. 59D, 60E), which may be closely approximated ... 24 23'. Pygofer with single median process or tooth on ventral margin (Figs. 51 A, 55E, 57A) 26 24. Processes of ventral margin of opening of male pygofer strongly asymmetrical, left process curved and twice length of right (Fig. 59D); pygofer in lateral view expanded on dorsolateral margins of pygofer opening; western Parkana alata Beamer 24'. Processes of ventral margin of opening of male pygofer symmetrical (Fig. 60E), or weakly asymmetrical; py- gofer in lateral view not excavated 25 25. Processes of ventral margin of opening of male pygofer separated at base (Fig. 60E); most taxa reddish-brown to dark-chestnut brown, often brachypterous (Figs. 37J); clypeus deep chestnut brown (Figs. 37E), usually with a contrasting pale band along frontoclypeal suture of frons; widespread (most) Pissonotus Van Duzee 25'. Processes of ventral margin of opening of male pygofer closely approximated, slightly asymmetrical; body uniformly brownish orange (Figs. 39 A, F); Alberta Scolopygos pallida Bartlett 26. Head and thorax straw-colored (including forewing; females entirely stramineous), abdomen dark; body somewhat flattened (Fig. 33J); frons acutely pointed dorsally (Fig. 45D) Megamelanus bicolor Ball 26'. Color not as above; frons not acutely pointed dorsally 27 27. Color shiny castaneous to deep reddish brown (Fig. 27H); frons wide, lateral margins convex (Fig. 27C), usu- ally with median carina reduced; head slightly flattened and projecting in lateral view (Fig. 42B), fastigium carinate (A inornatum) or not (A. ainigma ); aedeagus with lateral rows of teeth, parameres forceps-like (Figs. 51 A, F) Akemetopon Weglarz & Bartlett 27'. Color dull brown, abdomen contrastingly dark (Fig. 32H); frons parallel-sided (Fig. 32C), median carina dis- tinct; body not flattened, fastigium rounded in lateral view; aedeagus with pair of large apical dorsal processes (Fig. 55J) Kosswigianella ( Acanthodelphax LeQuesne) 28. Fore and middle tibiae distinctly expanded; robust, chestnut colored species with white spots on frons (Figs. 37D, I); northern Phyllodinus nervatus Van Duzee 28'. Fore and middle tibiae not expanded 29 29. Frons spotted and distinctly rounded on lateral margins (Fig. 27D); clypeus at distinct angle relative to frons in lateral view (Fig. 42C); small species (usually less than 2.5 mm), antennae very short; wings with con- spicuous setal bases, usually brachypterous; calcar short with teeth vestigial Bakerella Crawford Not as above 30 Body somewhat (Fig. 47G) to decidedly (Fig. 46B) compressed, usually with head projected in front of eye or head angulate in lateral view (Figs. 23A, C, D); some forms decidedly slender (Fig. 35G); most forms from coastal marshes 31 30'. Body not compressed, head in lateral view with fastigium rounded (Fig. 23B), head not projected in front of eye; form not slender 35 31. Vertex conspicuously projected in front of eyes (Figs. 46B, 48H); in dorsal view, acute to obtusely pointed (Figs. 35G, 40H); in lateral view head projected in front of eyes for half width of eyes or more; often with a carina from compound eyes to frons (Fig. 23A); head often acutely pointed in lateral view (Figs. 23A, D); narrow- bodied, fragile forms 32 31'. Vertex not conspicuously projected in front of eyes; head in lateral view seldom projected more than 14 width of eyes; carina from compound eyes to vertex always absent; form various but usually more robust ... 33 Head in lateral view with anteriorly directed carinae from compound eye toward apex of head (Fig. 23A), head acutely pointed in dorsal view; pronotum flared at lower margin (Fig. 23A); brachypters and macropters with wings as long as abdomen (Fig. 35G) Neomegamelanus McDermott Head without anteriorly directed carinae from compound eye (Fig. 23D); head swollen in appearance from dorsal view, vertex rather rounded laterally, widest just anterior to eyes; in two of three species, head is considerably forward projecting, about width of eyes; brachypters with wings half-length of abdomen with conspicuous dark area on apex of forewing males (Fig. 40H) Tumidagena McDermott 29'. 30. 32. 32'. 20 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES o3. Wing of brachypters truncate, leaving several segments of abdomen visible from above (Fig. 32F) (macropters unknown); body decidedly flattened (Fig. 44E) and uniformly stramineous; east coast on blackrush Keyflanci hasta Beamer 33 . Wings of brachypters and macropters reaching or exceeding tip of abdomen; body slightly compressed ... 34 34. In dorsal view, body with median pale vitta accented by lateral dark markings on thorax, abdomen, and mid- dle of forewing (Fig. 31J); head slightly pointed in lateral and dorsal views (Figs. 31E, 44D); frons subparal- lel; southern Florida, rarely encountered Kelisoidea versa Beamer 34'. In dorsal view, body without lateral dark markings and usually without pale median vitta (Fig. 38G); head more rounded; frons widest near frontoclypeal suture (Fig. 38B) or subparallel (Fig. 38A), usually mar- gined with fuscous markings; abundant on Spartina Prokelisia Osborn 35. Calcar lacking black-tipped teeth on posterior margin, often short and thickened (Fig. 22E); stout forms (e.g., Figs. 301, J), except Liburniella (if calcar large and foliaceous go to 39 even if teeth apparently absent — some Nothodelphax) 36 35'. Calcar with black-tipped teeth on posterior margin, usually foliaceous (Figs. 22F, G) 39 36. Wings distinctly patterned in both macropters and brachypters (Fig. 45A), with distinct dark setal bases; usu- ally macropterous, brachypters with wings reaching apex of abdomen; body not particularly robust, with conspicuous median dorsal vitta (Fig. 33G); carinae of frons conspicuous; areolet of vertex rounded (arms of Y-shaped suture absent); abundant and widespread, especially eastern Liburniella ornata (Stal) 36'. Wings not particularly patterned, setal bases not conspicuous; usually brachypters, wings leaving several ab- dominal tergites exposed from above (Figs. 301, J); body stout, color varied; carinae of frons reduced or in- conspicuous; arms of Y-shaped suture present; relatively uncommon, mostly western 37 37. Frons bicolored, dark brown ventrally (Fig. 32B), pale dorsally; brachypter rather uniformly colored, with ab- domen stramineous medially, dark laterally (Fig. 32G); known from holotype female only; California .... Kormus californicus Crawford 37'. Frons not distinctly bicolored (Figs. 30D, E); body either uniformly pale or rather distinctly patterned 38 38. Male paramere with finger-like projection on inner margin; aedeagus upturned . . Eurysa kormusi (Crawford) 38'. Male paramere without finger-like projection on inner margin; aedeagus downturned Eurybregma Scott 39. Male parameres distinctly branched, either Y-shaped with distinct inner and outer branches, or multiply branched (e.g.. Figs. 58D, 59C, 62A); most often macropterous, and most taxa relatively large and uni- formly colored (except Sogatella ) 40 39'. Male parameres not branched, may be toothed or apically bilobed, or have extended basal angle; form vari- able (if dark with frons strongly contrasting with clypeus — e.g.. Fig. 29 A — go to 43) 43 40. Thorax with distinct pale median vitta (Fig. 39G); median carina of frons forked below fastigium (arms nar- rowly diverging); parameres asymmetrically Y-shaped; medioventral portion of genital diaphragm form- ing broad U-shape (Fig. 62 A); basitarsis of hind leg without teeth Sogatella Fennah 40'. Thorax without distinct pale median vitta (Figs. 35H, 36H); median carina of frons forked at fastigium; para- meres multiply branched or Y-shaped; genital diaphragm not as above (Figs. 58D, 59C); some taxa with teeth on hind basitarsus 41 41. Basitarsus of hind leg with 1-4 teeth (Fig. 22H); parameres Y-shaped (Fig. 58D) Nilaparvata Distant 41'. Basitarsus of hind leg without teeth; parameres usually complexly branched (Fig. 59C) 42 42. Armature of the genital diaphragm avicephaliform with pair of elongate, greatly projecting dorsocaudal processes; parameres complexly branched Pareuidella Beamer 42'. Armature of the diaphragm not as above; parameres asymmetrically Y-shaped or few-branched Delphacodes indentistyla Dozier, D. lappae Beamer 43. Segment 10 (anal segment) with strongly cruciate (Fig. 61D, E) or distinctly asymmetrical processes; para- meres usually apically narrowed and distinctly curved laterally 44 43'. Segment 10 with processes symmetrical or absent 45 44. Segment 10 with processes asymmetrical, although not cruciate; apex of paramere not hooked; wing with spot at apex of clavus Delphacodes penepuella Beamer 44'. Segment 10 with processes cruciate (Figs. 61D, E); apex of paramere with inner angle narrowed and hooked laterally; wing without spot at apex on clavus Ribautodelphax Wagner 45. Median carinae of frons forked approximately at ventral margin of eyes, arms of fork distinct and well sepa- rated; frons rather two-toned, pale dorsally, darker ventrally (Fig. 37A); parameres apically strongly in- curved (Fig. 60A); rather large species, macropters with infuscations at apical peripheral veins (Fig. 47A) . Peregrinus maidis (Ashmead) 45'. Median carinae of frons forked closer to fastigium; if more ventral fork evident, arms of fork closely approxi- mate; other features variable 46 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 21 46. Body bicolored, posteriorly uniformly yellowish brown, head and usually anterior portion of thorax dark brown (Fig. 36J); carinae of head and thorax concolorous with body, evident, but not conspicuous (Fig. 36E); segment 10 bearing a pair of stout widely separated processes from ventrocaudal (not dorsocaudal) angle (Fig. 59E, J) Penepissonotus bicolor Beamer 46'. Body coloration varied, not as above; processes of segment 10, if present, usually derived from dorsocaudal portion 47 47. Male pygofer in lateral view strongly and conspicuously expanded on dorsocaudal angles (e.g.. Figs. 54A, F; 57D, I; 58A, F; 63B, G), or with strong and conspicuous expansions of lateral portion of pygofer opening (Figs. 63D, I) 48 47'. Male pygofer in lateral view not expanded, or only weakly expanded on dorsocaudal angle 55 48. Male pygofer with strong caudally projected expansion of lateral portions of pygofer opening (Fig. 63D, I); mesonotum with pale median vitta (Fig. 401); northern, circumboreal taxon Unkanodes excisa (Melichar) 48'. Male pygofer with expansion on dorsolateral margin 49 49. Segment 10 without processes (Figs. 57E, 58A); parameres flattened and black, somewhat quadrate apically; aedeagus downcurved bearing stout dorsal apical retrose process and 1-2 dorsal processes near midlength; relatively stout delphacids with a pale median vitta on thorax (Figs. 341, J); frons infuscate, flecked with pale, between paler carinae (Figs. 34D, E) Muellerianella Wagner 49'. Segment 10 with processes, parameres and aedeagus varied, not as above 50 50. Dorsocaudal expansions of pygofer strongly inflected medially at apex (e.g.. Figs. 54A, 57D, 63B); body usu- ally pale 51 50'. Dorsocaudal expansions of pygofer not strongly bent medially, either straight or gently arched 54 51. Dorsocaudal expansions of pygofer bent medially into a pair of lobes (Fig. 54A); parameres usually rather short; carinae of head and thorax concolorous with foveae, not conspicuous; medial portion of the genital diaphragm with rather U-shaped excavation (may be caudally projected in lateral view); body mostly stramineous broadly marked with dark brown (Fig. 30B, G), with mostly stramineous frons contrasting with dark genae and a pale median vitta on the mesothorax; mostly northern or northwestern taxa Elachodelphax Vilbaste 51'. Dorsocaudal expansions of pygofer not forming a pair of lobes (Figs. 54E, 57D, 63B), if similar, diaphragm and coloration different from above and parameres elongate; carinae of head usually conspicuous, often pale margined with fuscous (Fig. 34C); genital diaphragm not broadly U-shaped, usually with dorsally directed median armature; body pale 52 52. Armature of diaphragm wider than tall, usually forming wide U-shape (Fig. 63B); aedeagus of most species slightly upcurved with rows lateral teeth; stramineous, frons with carinae margined with fuscous or frons fuscous with pale carinae (Fig. 40B) Toya Distant 52'. Armature of diaphragm taller than wide, forming median projection on dorsal margin of diaphragm (Figs. 54E, 57D) 53 53. Genital diaphragm apically bilobed or trilobed (Fig. 57D); parameres weakly concave apically; body strami- neous, frons relatively broad with conspicuous carinae, margined with fuscous (Fig. 34C); common and widespread Metadelphax Wagner 53'. Genital diaphragm rhomboid (Fig. 54E); parameres strongly bilobed apically; frons relatively narrow, dark be- tween pale carinae (Fig. 31 B); adventive to Florida Harmalia anacharsis Fennah 54. Body stramineous, carinae of head conspicuous, brachypterous males yellowish usually with strongly con- trasting fuscous forewing (Fig. 391); aedeagus relatively straight; armature of diaphragm much taller than wide, often narrowly spoon shaped Syndelphax Fennah 54'. Body usually dark, if pale (e.g., Fig. 28]) then carinae of head not conspicuous or aedeagus downcurved; ar- mature of diaphragm varied Delphacodes Fieber3 55. Parameres widely diverging, rather narrow and sinuate, following lateral margin of pygofer, basal angles weakly developed (Figs. 55B, 59B); processes of segment 10 present and closely approximated; genital di- aphragm usually deeply excavated and U-shaped; body usually dark with pale carinae (Fig. 31D, I) . . . .56 55'. Parameres variable, but if strongly diverging (Fig. 55A) then basal angles of parameres developed into projec- tion and processes on segment 10 more separated 57 3 The species that should key here are Delphacodes balli, Delphacodes livida, Delphacodes caerulata, Delphacodes acuministyla, Delpha- codes turgida, Delphacodes mcateei, and possibly Delphacodes recurvata. 22 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES 56. Aedeagus broad, flattened and upcurved (Fig. 59G); body stramineous with darker lateral portions of the tho- rax and abdomen (Fig. 36G); carinae of head evident but concolorous with foveae; brachypterous forewing contrastingly dark; calcar large and foliaceous Paraliburnia kilmani (Van Duzee) 56 . Aedeagus varied, but not as above (Fig. 55G); body most frequently dark with pale carinae (Figs. 31D, I); brachypterous forewing not contrastingly dark; calcar smaller Javesella Fennah 57. Aedeagus strongly curved downward (Fig. 541); dark species (Figs. 31 A, F), wings clear or infuscate, dark spot at apex of clavus sometimes present, but often weak; uncommon species Falcotoya Fennah 57'. Aedeagus not strongly curved downward (e.g.. Fig. 53H) 58 58. Wings clear with dark marking at apex of clavus (both macropters and brachypters) (Figs. 42F, 43D); species usually dark in coloration, with conspicuous pale carinae; median carina of frons forked near fastigium (Figs. 28B, 29E); pronotum usually pale posteriorly (Figs. 28G, 29J) 59 58'. Wings variable but usually without marking at apex of clavus, if present (some Tagosodes, Fig. 48E) than paler taxa with strong median mesonotal vitta (Fig. 39J) and carina of frons forked near middle of eye 60 59. Segment 10 with 2 processes (sometimes short); parameres narrowing toward apex, inner angle vestigial (Fig. 58E); dorsal surface of genital diaphragm often rather U-shaped, armature usually wider than long in cau- dal view and caudally projecting in lateral view; antennae may have first segment dark; aedeagus usually thickened basally, somewhat upcurved with subapical lateral or dorsal rows of teeth (Fig. 58J) (some) Nothodelphax Fennah 59'. Segment 10 with 0, 2 or 4 processes; parameres broad toward apex (apex often concave), inner angle well de- veloped (Fig. 51E); armature of diaphragm dorsocaudally directed, usually about as tall as wide; antennae stramineous; aedeagus varied Chionomus Fennah4 60. Processes on segment 10 absent, or represented by mere lobes or small teeth 61 60'. Processes on segment 10 present 63 61. Armature of diaphragm rather scoop-shaped, strongly projecting caudally or ventrocaudally in lateral view (Fig. 58G); aedeagus usually downturned; parameres usually apically quadrate (Fig. 58B) or narrowed (Fig. 55E) 62 Armature of diaphragm varied, but not scoop shaped and caudally or ventrocaudally directed (e.g., Fig. 53E); aedeagus varied; parameres usually apically rhomboid (Fig. 53E) Delphacodes Fieber5 Parameres relatively broad, often dark and contrasting with paler body (Fig. 58B); body color stramineous with or without dark brown markings of lateral portions of mesothorax and on coxae (Fig. 35F) Muirodelphax Wagner Parameres very narrow, rather linear; body color brownish, usually with abdomen contrastingly darker (Fig. 32H) Kosswigianella ( Kosswigianella ) Wagner Mesonotum with strongly developed median vitta (Fig. 39J); median carina of frons forked below fastigium, about at middle of eye; processes on segment 10 somewhat approximated (Fig. 63A); armature generally a T-shaped, rectangular, or bifid protrusion; aedeagus tubular with rows of teeth .Tagosodes Asche & Wilson 63'. Mesonotum without median vitta, or vitta not well developed; carina of frons forked near fastigium; other features variable 64 64. Parameres simple and narrowing in apical third, inner angle obsolete, basal angle not strongly projecting (Fig. 58E); aedeagus tubular, widest near base and tapering distally (base sometimes very broad, abruptly nar- rowed beyond), aedeagus upcurved or straight with subapical lateral or dorsal rows of teeth (Fig. 58J); dor- sal surface of genital diaphragm often rather U-shaped, armature usually wider than long in caudal view, caudally projected in lateral view; color variable, although most taxa dark . . . .(part) Nothodelphax Fennah Parameres broader apically (e.g.. Fig. 50E), if narrowed apically than either basal angle of parameres well de- veloped and projecting ( Isodelphax , Fig. 55 A), and/or aedeagus downcurved ( Isodelphax Fig. 55F, Yukan- odelphax kendallae ); other features variable 65 Parameres narrow, diverging, basal angle usually strongly projecting (if not, aedeagus bifid); aedeagus down- curved; dark colored species (Fig. 31H), carinae of frons weakly contrasting with foveae; first antennal seg- ment usually dark (Fig. 31C) Isodelphax Fennah 65'. Parameres varied, but not as above; other features varied 66 61'. 62 62'. 63. 64'. 65. 4 Several common Delphacodes species will key here, e.g., Delphacodes paella (Fig. 29J) and D. pacifica. This group currently under revision. 5 Species that should key out here are Delphacodes truncata, D. trimaculata, D. waldeni, and D. succinea. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 23 66. Armature of diaphragm strongly caudally projecting (Fig. 54G), conspicuous in lateral view of pygofer, with dorsally and ventrally directed projections; parameres abruptly curved laterally near apex (Fig. 54B); Florida and Neotropics Euides fasciatella (Osborn) 66'. Armature of diaphragm not as above, parameres varied 67 67. Carinae of frons concolorous with foveae and frons and usually inconspicuous (Figs. 27B, 28A, 29 A, 38A) .68 67'. Carinae of frons pale and strongly contrasting with frons (e.g., Figs. 29B, 32D, 33D) 74 68. Frons stramineous or stramineous with lateral orangish border, genae also pale (Figs. 27B, 38A) 69 68'. Frons brown to black or frons stramineous with conspicuously dark genae (Figs. 28 A, 29A) 72 69. Frons with lateral orangish border (Fig. 38A); aedeagus slightly upcurved (Fig. 61F); parameres avicephali- form; coastal and inland on Spartina pectinata Prokelisia crocea (Van Duzee) 69'. Frons without lateral orangish border; other features varied 70 70. Parameres broad apically with distinctive inner and usually outer angles and well-developed projecting basal angle (Figs. 50E, J), parameres in lateral view laterally concave between projecting basal angle and para- mere apex; body mostly or completely stramineous (Fig. 27G); armature of diaphragm strongly developed and dorsocaudally projecting (Fig. 50J) Aethodelphax Bartlett & Hamilton 70'. Parameres either not as broad apically or with basal angle not so developed 71 71. Armature of genital diaphragm strongly posteriorly directed, processes of segment 10 from dorsocaudal mar- gin, long, strongly posteriorly projecting before curving ventrad (Fig. 63J); aedeagus downcurved; northern Yukonodelphax Wilson 71'. Not as above Delphacodes recurva, other Delphacodes 72. Frons shiny black (Fig. 28A), or stramineous with black genae (Fig. 29A), most species with contrasting pale clypeus; antennae and usually legs stramineous; segment 10 sometimes with 4 processes, but may have ei- ther pair obsolete; parameres usually broad, flattened with well-developed inner and outer angles Caenodelphax Fennah sensu Hamilton 2002a and allied Delphacodes 6 72'. Frons not shiny black, but brown and sometimes darker near fastigium (Fig. 34B), clypeus not contrastingly pale; other features variable 73 Frons shiny brown, darker near fastigium (Fig. 34B); body uniformly brownish (Fig. 34G); segment 10 with pair of stout processes, arising in lateral view near middle of caudal margin (Fig. 57H); Florida and tropics Meristopsis Kennedy et al. Not as above Delphacodes Fieber Parameres forceps-like (Fig. 56A), narrowed and incurved in dorsal third; processes on segment 10 short; northern species Kusnezoviella Vilbaste 74'. Parameres not forceps-like (e.g.. Fig. 52E); diverging or broad apically 75 75. Aedeagus broad at base, abruptly narrowed and decidedly downcurved in apical half (Fig. 52J); parameres broad, flattened and diverging (Fig. 52E); processes on segment 10 long and weakly approximated; color stramineous with dark markings laterally on abdomen and contrasting dark pygofer (Fig. 29G), frons with conspicuous carinae bordered with fuscous (Fig. 29B); abundant in coastal marshes on Spartina Delphacodes detecta (Van Duzee), D. penedetecta Beamer 75'. Aedeagus not as above; parameres often narrowed apically (e.g., Figs. 56E, 59A); processes on segment 10 well separated; color usually dark with pale markings 76 Parameres abruptly narrowed near apex to laterally curved inner angles (Fig. 56E); aedeagus slightly down- curved bearing large apical retrose tooth; northern species Megadelphax bidentatus (Anufriev) Not as above 77 Aedeagus slightly curved dorsally, tubular, bearing rows of teeth (Fig. 59F); far northern species (circumbo- real), evidently coastal Paradelphacodes litoralis (Reuter) 77' Not as above Delphacodes Fieber 73. 73'. 74. 76. 76'. 77. 6 Hamilton (2002a) broadened the definition of Caenodelphax to include a series of unspecified Delphacodes species. Caenodelphax in the strict sense includes C. teapae, a very common 'weedy' species found throughout the Neotropics, including southern Florida. This group is currently under revision. 24 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Derbidae (Figs. 64-69) Derbidae are represented north of Mexico by 14 genera and 71 species. Derbidae are most di- verse in the east, particularly the southeast with 13 genera and 56 species (Fig. 100), but this family is irregularly reported in the literature. In the Met- calf catalog, Derbidae included 111 genera and 733 species, with 157 genera and 1700 species cur- rently known (Bourgoin 2012), making this the third most species-rich family of planthoppers. All genera of Derbidae north of Mexico, except Apache, have additional species found in the Neotropics. Like most other planthopper taxa, Derbidae tend to have the highest species richness in the tropics, although tropical forms are very poorly studied. The higher taxonomy of Derbidae was revised by Fennah (1952), and more recently by Emeljanov (1996a). The family composition of Derbidae has seldom been questioned. Many derbids have distinctive appearances, thus are easily identified to family and below. In contrast, Cenchreini and Cedusinae are much less unusual appearing, and can be very challenging to identify beyond genus level. Derbids generally can be recognized by having a row of spines on the second hind tarsal segment and having the apical segment of the beak short (Fig. 1F1). The head is compressed, slightly or greatly, with the median carina obsolete (Figs. 65F-J) and the male parameres elongate, projecting beyond the anal segment (Fig. 3B). Otiocerinae are very unusual appearing with greatly compressed heads and wings much longer than, and usually held paral- lel to, the body (e.g.. Figs. 67E-H). Derbini (viz. Paramysidia and Dysimia, Figs. 68E, F) hold their wings outstretched in a moth-like pose and often rest on the underside of leaves. Cenchreini and Cedusinae have their heads less compressed and wings shorter (although still exceeding the ab- domen). Some derbid taxa (e.g., Patara) have marked sexual dimorphism. O'Brien (1982b) revised Fennah's (1952) key to Cedusini (as Cenchreini) to include New World genera only, and provided a checklist of New World species of this tribe excluding Cedusa. My- sidiini were revised by Broomfield (1985), but this group includes only 2 North American species and Emeljanov (1996a) considered Mysidiini as part of Derbini. The large genus Cedusa was re- vised by Flynn & Kramer (1983) and Kramer (1986). Species of Cedusa are very similar exter- nally and require examination of male genitalia for identification. Omolicna consists of 19 mostly Neotropical species, which are very similar exter- nally and also require examination of male geni- talia. Caldwell (1944b) considered Omolicna of Mexico (as Phaciocephalus) , but species north of Mexico have not been treated consistently among authors. Bartlett et al. (2001) found 2 Omolicna in Delaware, but it was unclear which species they represented. The species and geographic limits of Omolicna need review, particularly for O. mcateei, O. uhleri, and O. fulva. Aside from Cedusa and Omolicna, many eastern species can be identified using Metcalf (1923) or Bartlett et al. (2011). Patara albida is adventive, reported from Florida by Halbert (2005) as "Patara albida Cald- well nec Westwood". This species was described from St. Vincent (Westwood 1840) and subse- quently reported from Puerto Rico (e.g., Osborn 1935). Caldwell & Martorell (1951) illustrated the species, but questioned the identity of Puerto Ri- can specimens. We found that there are differ- ences among putative Patara albida specimens, within and between localities, that require further investigation. Otiocerus signoretii Fitch is a new synonym of Otiocerus stollii Kirby; they are male (O. stollii) and female (O. signoretii ) of the same species. While Fitch (1856) reported the type spec- imen of Otiocerus signoretii as a male, the type (at the USNM) is in very poor condition, and its gen- der cannot be confirmed. Immature derbids are fungus feeders and have been reared from logs (Willis 1982, O'Brien & Wil- son 1985, Wheeler & Wilson 1996) and decaying organic debris (Howard et al. 2001). Adults are sometimes found in logs or are associated with monocots, presumably near their larval habitat (Wilson et al. 1994, Howard et al. 2001). Adults of most species have been reported on only a single host (Wilson et al. 1994), but the significance of adult host affinities is not clear. Adults often gather under broad leaves, presumably a behav- ior to protect their fragile wings. There are no well documented pests, but 20 species have been recorded as potentially injurious to economic plants (Wilson & O'Brien 1987). Cedusa has been documented as carrying phytoplasmas (Brown et al. 2006). BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 25 KEY TO GENERA OF DERBIDAE NORTH OF MEXICO (MODIFIED FROM METCALF 1923). 1. Fragile forms (e.g., Figs. 66E-H, 67), pronotum not modified into cup-like structure behind antennae; frons greatly compressed (Fig. 65J), and often anteriorly projecting (Figs. 65A-E); clavus usually open (combined CuP + 2A vein curving to follow wing margin, not reaching margin within claval area) (Figs. 64B, C, I) 5 V . More robust forms (Figs. 66A-D), pronotum modified into cuplike structure, often anteriorly projecting be- neath antennae (Figs. 64F,G; 65K-M); frons moderately compressed (Figs. 65F-I); clavus closed (combined CuP + 2A vein not curving to follow wing margin, but reaching wing margin within claval area) (Fig. 64A) 2 2. Subantennal process large, extending laterally from gena, completely subtending antennae as a shelf (Figs. 64F, 65K); no sensory pits on head (Fig. 65F) or wings; color uniformly near black, dark blue, or deep grey (Fig. 66A), infrequently near white with yellowish-brown patches Cedusa Fowler 2' . Subantennal process extending from pronotum smaller (e.g.. Figs. 64G; 65L, M); sides of vertex and second claval vein (Fig. 2E) with sensory pits; color usually orange to pale (Figs. 66B-D) 3 3. Media with more than two branches, connected to cubitus by crossvein; size less than 6 mm, usually distinctly orangish (Fig. 66C); projections of pronotum partially subtending antennae (Figs. 64G, 65L) Omolicna Fennah 3'. Media and cubitus each with two branches, not connected by crossveins; size over 7 mm (Figs. 66B, D); prono- tum not subtending antennae (Fig. 65M) 4 4. Lateral margins of pronotum strongly foliate posterior to antennae (Figs. 65M, 66B); pygofer without medioventral process; eastern Neocenchrea Metcalf 4'. Lateral margins of pronotum not or weakly foliate (Fig. 66D); pygofer with medioventral process; southwest- ern Persis Stal 5. Antennae with appendages (Figs. 64E, 65C-E) 6 5'. Antennae lacking appendages (Figs. 65 A, B, N) 8 6. General color rose or reddish, wings entirely rose (Fig. 67E); in lateral view, dorsum of head rather sinuate (Fig. 65C) and dorsal margin of wings in repose sharply angled dorsally in apical third; forewings with dusky spots in most cells Apache Kirkaldy 6'. General color usually white or yellow (e.g.. Figs. 67F, H), rarely predominately reddish (Fig. 67G); in lateral view, dorsum of head flat or rounded Figs. 64E; 65D, E), dorsal margin of wings nearly straight; forewings usually without dusky spots in most cells (although some dark spots may be present) 7 7. In lateral view, demarcation between vertex and frons obtusely angular (Fig. 65D) Otiocerus Kirby 7'. In lateral view, demarcation between vertex and head smoothly rounded (Figs. 64E, 65E) .... Shellenius Ball 8. In lateral view, head projecting in front of eyes for a distance subequal to width of eyes (Figs. 65 A, B; 67A-C) 9 8'. In lateral view, head projecting in front of eyes for a distance of less than half width of eyes (Figs. 66E-H; 67D) 10 9. Costal margin at base slightly expanded, at most into triangle longer (along length of wing) than wide (Figs. 64C, 67A); antennae with second segment constricted on one side apically. Anotia Kirby 9'. Costal margin expanded to a free appendage half as wide as wing at that point (Figs. 64J; in 67C projection is just in front of scale bar); second segment of antennae strongly flattened, as wide as width of eye Sayiana Ball 10. Clavus open (Fig. 641) 11 10'. Clavus closed (Figs. 64D, H) 12 11. First cell of forewing distinctly triangular, widest at midlength, narrowed both anteriorly and posteriorly; dark markings on wing mostly along veins (Figs. 66G, 681); hindwings narrow, strap-shaped, with two lon- gitudinal veins Mula Ball 11'. First cell of forewing distinctly elongate, widest near apex; dark markings on wing in cells and along veins (Figs. 66H, 68J); hindwings wider Sikaiana Distant 12. Second antennal segment flattened, longer than width of head across eyes (Fig. 65J), male antennae longer than those of female; size small, 5 mm or less; wings usually tectiform (Fig. 67D) Patara Westwood 12'. Second antennal segment globular, shorter than width of head across eyes; often larger than 5 mm; wings of- ten held outstretched (Figs. 68E, F) 13 26 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES 13. Cubital vein of forewing three branched (CuA and M4 fused basally; Fig. 64D); smaller, near 5 mm (Fig. 68F) Dysimia Muir 13 . Cubital vein of forewing four branched (CuA and M4 basally connected by crossvein; Fig. 64H); larger, near 7 mm (Fig. 68E) Paramysidia Broomfield Dictyopharidae (Figs. 70-76) Dictyopharidae are represented north of Mex- ico by 14 genera and 85 species. The southwest in- cludes nearly all species known from the contigu- ous United States (14 genera, 81 species), with the rest of the regional fauna consisting mostly of widespread taxa (Fig. 101). Nine genera and 39 species are Orgeriinae (Figs. 73-76), an unusual, brachypterous, arid-adapted subfamily, all of which are endemic to the southwest U.S. and ad- jacent Mexico. Among Dictyopharinae, Scolops is the most species-rich genus, including 36 taxa found in nearly all U.S. states and Mexico; Phyl- loscelis (4 species) is found only north of Mexico, whereas Mitrops (3 species), Nersia (12 species) and Rhynchomitra (5 species) are also found else- where in the Neotropics. Dictyopharidae are the 6th largest family of planthoppers worldwide, with 119 genera and 489 species at the time of Metcalf (1946) and 164 genera and 730 species at present (Bourgoin 2012). The placement of genera within higher taxa here follows Metcalf (1946), as modified by Emeljanov (1979, 1983, 2011). Dictyopharidae and Fulgoridae are sister groups, with problematic family-level delin- eation, although the enigmatic taxa are mostly Old World (Urban & Cryan 2009). The families are similar in several respects, including the tendency to have an elongated head, and both having a row of teeth on the apex of the second hind tarsomere. North of Mexico, the families can be separated by Dictyopharidae lacking reticulate venation in the hind wing (Fig. 2B). North American dictyophar- ids are usually smaller than fulgorids, but there is overlap. U.S. fulgorids always have opaque or patterned forewings whereas the macropterous U.S. dictyopharids have clear wings. Many dic- tyopharids have 3 carinae on the frons in addition to the lateral carinae. Orgeriinae are brachypter- ous, as are most Scolops and Phylloscelis, although the brachypterous wings of the latter 2 genera cover the abdomen, whereas in Orgeriinae the forewings leave several tergites exposed. Dic- tyopharidae are characteristically long-legged and have a long beak, and stand in a curious up- right position to feed. Since Metcalf (1946), Phylloscelis has been re- vised (McPherson 1994, McPherson & Wilson 1995), and Doering (1955) revised Acinaca and De- serta, providing a key to genera of North Ameri- can Orgeriinae. Since few species of Dictyophari- dae have been described from North America since Metcalf (1946), earlier taxonomic works are still useful, including Doering & Darby (1943) for Orgerius. Breakey (1929) provided a key to Scolops, but 12 taxa have been described since that time, and a synthetic work is badly needed. Fennah (1944) presented keys to most of the New World dictyopharid genera. Keys presented here are re- vised from Doering & Darby (1943) and Fennah (1944a), with Timodema treated as a subgenus of Ticida following Emeljanov (2006a). Dictyopharids feed on a variety of plants with adults and nymphs both found on above-ground portions of plants. Most species are associated with dicots in a variety of plant families, and are most often reported as monophagous (Wilson et al. 1994). The biology of Nersia florens was de- scribed by Wilson & McPherson (1981a). This species (in Illinois) is apparently univoltine, and found feeding on Rumex crispus L. (Polygonaceae) and Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H. Rob. (as Eu- patorium rugosum Houtt.) (Asteraceae), with adults emerging in August and September. The biology of Phylloscelis was examined by McPher- son (1994) and McPherson & Wilson (1995, 1996). Phylloscelis is also univoltine (except Florida pop- ulations of P. atra), and overwinters as eggs. Phyl- loscelis pallescens was found to feed exclusively on Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad. (Lamiacae) with nymphs producing abundant wax. Phyl- loscelis rubra (the 'cranberry toad bug') is reported only from cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton; Ericaceae) and has been implicated in wilt- ing and dieback (Sirrine & Fulton 1914, Wilson & O'Brien 1987). Taosa inexacta (Walker, 1858) is be- ing considered as a biological control for water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, Pon- BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 27 tederiaceae; e.g., Cordo 1999). Rhynchomitra mi- grass Eragrostis curvata (Schrad.) Nees and ap- crorhina was recently reported from the exotic pears to be bivoltine (Wilson & Wheeler 2005). KEY TO GENERA OF DICTYOPHARIDAE NORTH OF MEXICO 1. Wings as long as abdomen in dorsal view in both macropters and brachypters, often transparent (Figs. 71A-C,72A-C) (except Phylloscelis and Scolops ); claval fold present; tegulae present (Figs. 70H-I) (Dictyopharinae) 2 V . Wings always brachypterous, shorter than abdomen, leaving several segments exposed when viewed from above (Figs. 73E-H, 74E-H); claval fold absent; forewing opaque; tegulae hidden (Fig. 70G) (Orgeriinae) 6 2. Tibiae and femora of forelegs greatly foliaceous; vertex not produced anteriorly (Figs. 72A, D, G) Phylloscelis Germar 2'. Tibiae and femora of forelegs not greatly foliaceous (if tibiae flattened. Fig. IK, then head produced); vertex produced anteriorly (Figs. 71A-C; 72H, I) 3 3. Forewings leathery, opaque, brownish or grayish, brachypterous or macropterous (Figs. 72B, H); body brown, head projection long and thin Scolops Schaum 3'. Forewings membranous, translucent, greenish, macropterous; body green (Figs. 71A-C) 4 4. Tegulae distinctly carinate (Fig. 701); vertex short-triangular (Figs. 71B, H) Nersia Stal 4'. Tegulae not carinate (Fig. 70H); vertex elongate-triangular 5 5. Six or seven areoles adjoining nodal line, latter distinct; pronotum notched, but shallowly (similar to Fig. 70C) Mitrops Fennah 5'. No regular areoles on nodal line, latter distorted by distal reticulation (Fig. 70B); pronotum with a deep nar- row notch on hind margin basally (Fig. 70D) Rhynchomitra Fennah 6. Callosity behind eye evident from lateral view (Fig. 70E); vertex elongate or angulate (Figs. 751, 76C-F) ... .7 6'. No callosity behind eye (Fig. 70F); vertex rounded (Figs. 75G, H; 76G, H) or, if elongate, broad if seen from side (Figs. 76A, B) 10 7. Vertex short, less than twice the length of the eyes (Figs. 74E, F) Orgerius Stal 7'. Vertex elongate, more than twice the length of the eyes (Figs. 751; 76C, D) 8 8. Cephalic process, as seen from side (Fig. 76C), beak-like, the apex obliquely rounded from above, the lower angle slightly produced Deserta Ball 8'. Cephalic process, as seen from the side (Figs. 751, 76D), truncate at the extremity, five angled 9 9. Cephalic process gradually tapering, as seen from top and side (Figs. 73H, 76D) Orgamara Ball 9'. Cephalic process parallel margined; apex, as seen from the side, slightly enlarged, projecting at an angle with the vertex (Figs. 75C, F, I) Yucanda Ball & Hartzell 10. Head angulate in lateral view, produced in front of eyes for distance greater than 2/3 width of eyes (Fig. 76A); head widening toward apex (Fig. 76A) Acinaca Ball & Hartzell 10'. Head rounded or angulate, produced in front of eyes for distance less than 2/3 width of eyes (Figs. 75G-H; 76B, G-H) 11 11. Vertex broad and short (Figs. 74G-H, 75D), apical cell of vertex (areolet) absent (Figs. 70F-M); front usually with horizontal black band above frontoclypeal suture (Figs. 74C, D), except Ticrania (Fig. 75A); fore and middle tibiae sometimes foliaceous 12 11'. Vertex longer, apical cell of vertex (areolet) present (Figs. 70J-K); front without horizontal black band above frontoclypeal suture; tibiae not foliaceous 13 12. Front with horizontal black band above frontoclypeal suture (Figs. 74C, D); pronotum without lateral carinae (Figs. 76G-H); forewing with median and claval veins formed as evident carinae Ticida Uhler 12'. Front without horizontal black band above frontoclypeal suture (Fig. 75A); pronotum with lateral carinae (Figs. 75D, G); forewing with uniform net of veins Ticrania Emeljanov 13. Areolet well defined, pentagonal, enclosed by sharp carinae (Fig. 70K) Aridia Ball & Hartzell 13'. Areolet poorly defined, oval, enclosed by swollen carinae (Fig. 70J) Timonidia Ball & Hartzell 28 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Flatidae (Figs. 77-81) The described U.S. flatid fauna consists of 13 genera and 27 species. Flatidae are most diverse in the south, with only a few widely distributed species in northern states (Fig. 102). Flatidae are the 4th largest family of planthoppers, consisting of 212 genera and 981 species at the time of Metcalf (1957), and 299 genera and 1446 species at present (Bourgoin 2012). All genera of flatids north of Mex- ico have additional species found in the Neotrop- ics, except Ormenaria and the adventive Siphanta. We have seen specimens of Mistharnophantia as far south as Oaxaca, Mexico. The higher taxonomy of Flatidae has not been recently examined and this treatment follows Metcalf (1957). Flatidae are most readily recognized by the presence of a 'submarginal vein', paralleling the wing margin, defining a series of marginal cells in the apical and leading portion of the front wings (Fig. 2C), and the presence of wax bearing pus- tules in the claval region (Fig. 2D). In the leading portion of the wing (the pronating complex of Dworakowska 1988), the costal vein subtends a 'precostal area' containing the marginal cells, a feature most evident in flatids (among families north of Mexico), although a 'precostal area' is found in other higher planthopper families (e.g,, Fulgoridae, Fennah 1944b). Therefore, the costal vein is not the leading margin of the wing, but the first longitudinal vein following. Like other higher planthoppers, this family has 2 spines on the second tarsomere of the hind legs. The most common flatids have broad wings, held parallel to the body in repose, resembling acanaloniids; al- though Selizini ( Cyarda , Mistharnophantia and Paradascalia ) have the wings narrowed apically, and Flatoidinae ( Flataloides , Flatoides, Flatoidinus, Metcracis and Pseudoflatoides ) are dorsoventrally flattened. Keys to genera that include western taxa are lacking, and only Mistharnophantia has been treated at the generic level (Doering & Shephard 1946), although Cyarda is being revised (S. W. Wil- son, pers. comm.) and most other genera have few North American species. Species records of Cyarda should be treated with caution since early workers may not have used genitalia and some species limits remain in doubt. Some tropical species of Cyarda appear to approach Paradascalia in general appearance, and there may be overlap of features among these genera. Records of Met- calfa pruinosa from the western U.S. and Neotrop- ics will require verification because this species can be confused with a variety of flatids, includ- ing other Metcalfa species, and most authors did not use genitalic features for species verification. Nine species have been previously reported from the U.S. in error, including Antillormenis con- taminata, Flatoidinus acutus, Flatoidinus occidentis, Hesperophantia ricanoides, Leptormenis relicta, Melor- menis conformis (a synonym of Ketumala bisecta), Melormenis infuscata , Pseudoflatoides tortrix and Pseudoflatoides insularis. Photographs of the type specimen of Leptormenis relicta from the Fabricius collection (Fig. 80D) show a distinctive species with strikingly sinuate veins in the distal portion of the wing, and it appears that this species was incor- rectly attributed to the North American fauna by Fabricius (1803). Medler (2003: 594) reports that the type material of Ormenis conformis is from Sri Lanka, not North America as attributed by Melichar (1902), and this species is a synonym of Ketumala bisecta. Hesperophantia ricanioides was re- ported from "Mexique septentrional, ou Califor- nia" by Spinola (1839: 442), but has not since been found and verified as this species. This species may actually be a Paradascalia. Other species found in collections but not re- ported north of Mexico, include Flatormenis infer- ior and F. scjuamidosa (determinations by Medler). Siphanta acuta is adventive into North America and Hawaii from Australia or New Zealand (Fletcher 1985, Asche 1997), and Melormenis basalis from the Neotropics (Halbert 1998). Metcalfa pruinosa, a widely polyphagous species, has been adventive into Europe and South Korea where it has become widely distributed and a pest, especially of grape (Dlabola 1981, della Giustina 1986, Wilson & Luc- chi 2001, Gnezdilov & Sugonyaev 2009, Lee & Wil- son 2010). Some species are apparently known only from the type material (viz. Leptormen- is relicta, Flatoidinus occidentals, and Hesperophantia ricanoides ). We are aware of several putative unde- scribed flatid species from the southern U.S. There is considerable confusion about the generic placement of many flatid species, particu- larly among Flatoidinae, which are uncommon in collections and have phonetically similar generic names. The types of many species were examined by the late John Medler (e.g., Medler 1986, 1990, 1993, 1994, 1996, 2003), with many generic re- arrangements, but not all taxa were reviewed and BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 29 an integrative work was never completed. Medler's unpublished notes suggest that some external features, such as color and details in wing venation, vary substantively among specimens and may not be fully satisfactory for species deter- mination. Within Flatoidinae, several putative generic features showed substantive variation among species, or even specimens (in the case of lateral spines of the hind tibiae for Metcracis). We have attempted to place taxa north of Mexico into Medler's generic concepts, but it is clear that es- sentially all genera of North American flatids need revision, particularly Nephesini (Flatinae) and Flatoidinae, probably in combination with molecular studies to assist in the formulation of both generic and species concepts. Medler (1993) examined the type of Flatoides scabrosus from Brazil and concluded that this species belonged to the genus Flataloides. He re- ported that specimens from North Carolina were correctly identified as this species (but not the spec- imen illustrated in Metcalf, 1923). Medler (1993) also described the genus Metcracis for 11 Neotropi- cal species formerly placed in the Old World genus Atracis Stal, 1866, which are species similar to Fla- taloides, but with one lateral spine on each hind tibia. Here we include Flatoidinus fuscus in Met- cracis because it usually bears a single metatibial spine (although some specimens bear 2 and others vary in count on each leg) (Table 8). We also place Flatoides fecalfuscus in synonymy with Metcracis fuscus, and Flatoides concisa and Flatoidinus acutus var. maculosus in synonymy with Flatoidinus punc- tatus. We move Flatoidinus signatus to Flataloides. Anormenis septentrionalis was subsumed under A. chloris by O'Brien (1985), and subsequently moved to Flatormenis by Medler (2003: 593). Here we find that Ormenis proxima belongs in Flatormenis as F. proximo and that F. chloris is a junior synonym of F. proxima. We also find that Ormenis saucia belongs in Flatormenis as F. saucia and that Ormenis yumana is a synonym of this common western species as F. saucia. Ormenis barberi is also placed in Ormenaria as Ormenaria barberi. Adults and immatures of flatids are found on the above-ground portions of a wide variety of woody and semi-woody plants. The life history of 3 flatid species ( Ormenoides venusta, Metcalf a pru- inosa, Flatormenis proxima ) are described in Wilson & McPherson (1981c). All three species were uni- voltine, overwintering as eggs and polyphagous. The biology of Ormenaria rufifascia was discussed in Wilson & Tsai (1984a). Ormenaria rufifascia is univoltine and feeds on palms, Sabal palmetto (Walter) Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult. f., and the ex- otic Latania lontaroides (Gaertn.) H.E. Moore. Clausen (1978) reviewed the parasites and preda- tors of flatids. KEY TO GENERA OF FLATIDAE NORTH OF MEXICO Note: Genera reported from the U.S. in error are included in this key except Hesperophantia, which does not ap- pear to be correctly placed to genus, and Ketumala, which is not a New World genus. 1. Wings narrowed distally in lateral view (Figs. 80J; 81A, B) (Selizini) 2 1'. Wings broad distally (e.g.. Figs. 80A-I, 81C-G) 4 2. Wings strongly narrowed to acute apices (Figs. 80J, 81 A) 3 2'. Wings weakly narrowed, weakly bilobed on apical margin (Fig. 81 B) Paradascalia Metcalf 3. Wings elongate, 3-4x as long as broad, apical margin obliquely truncate (Fig. 80J), mostly southeastern Cyarda Walker 3'. Wings not elongate, slightly longer than broad, produced into an acute point (Fig. 81 A), southwestern Mistharnophantia Kirkaldy 4. Wings at rest held parallel to body (Figs. 80A-I) (Siphantini and Nephesini) 5 4'. Wings at rest held tent-like; having appearance of being dorsoventrally flattened (Figs. 81C-G) (Flatoidinae) 13 5. Vertex conical, anteriorly pointed (Figs. 78H, 801); adventive into California (Siphantini) Siphanta Stal 5'. Vertex short, nearly linear anteriorly (e.g.. Figs. 78F-G; 80A-B) (Nephesini) 6 6. Distal veins of forewing in repose strongly arched ventrad (Fig. 80D) Leptormenis Melichar 6'. Distal veins of forewings not strongly arched ventrad (e.g.. Figs. 80A-B) 7 30 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES 7. 7' 8. 8'. 9. 9'. 10. 10' 11. 11' 12. Body predominately green (Figs. 80B, G, H) 8 Body predominately brown, grey or red (Figs. 80 A, C, E-F) 10 Body marked with red; either head and thorax with parallel red lines (O. rufifascia, Figs. 78A, F; southeastern); or front and middle tibiae marked with red (O. barberi, western) Ormenaria Fennah Body not marked with red 9 With 1 subapical vein on forewings (e.g., Fig. 80H); wings rounded apically; frons about as tall as wide (h:w ra- tio ca. 0.9:1) Ormenoides Melichar With 2 subapical veins on forewings (e.g., Figs. 80B); wings truncate apically; frons much wider than tall (h:w ratio ca. 0.5-0. 7:1) Flatormenis Melichar With 1 subapical vein on forewing (Figs. 80E-F) 11 With 2 subapical veins on forewing (Figs. 80A-C) 12 Wings slightly tectiform (Fig. 771), in lateral view dorsal and ventral wing margins subparallel (Fig. 80E); usu- ally brownish, sometimes with contrasting costal area; southern, adventive in Florida .Melormenis Metcalf Wings held parallel to sides of body (Fig. 77J), wings in lateral view widest subapically (Fig. 80F); grayish to blackish species without contrasting costal area; abundant powdery wax on wings and body; common and widespread Metcalfa Caldwell Frons truncate at frontoclypeal suture (Fig. 77A), frons slightly wider than long (h:w ratio 0.7-0.8:l); mesono- tum brownish; wings often extensively pale, with white costal area; Caribbean taxa, reported, but not con- firmed from U.S Antillormenis Femiah 12'. Frons concave at frontoclypeal suture (Fig. 77C), frons wider than long (h:w ratio 0.5-0. 7:1); mesonotum often orangish, contrasting with body (body color variable); usually without contrasting costal area Flatormenis Melichar 13. Vertex distinctly longer than broad (Figs. 791, L) 14 13'. Vertex broader than long (Figs. 79H, J-K) 15 14. In lateral view, thorax distinctly raised relative to head (Fig. 81D); vertex smoothly rounded to apex (Fig. 79J); southwestern U.S Flatoides Guerin-Meneville 14'. In lateral view, thorax only slightly raised relative to head (Fig. 81G); vertex with sides parallel in part; Caribbean taxa, reported but not confirmed in U.S Pseudoflatoides Metcalf 15. In dorsal view, front of head rather pointed, projected in front of eyes (Fig. 79]); frons without median trough (Fig. 79D) Flatoidinus Melichar 15'. In dorsal view, front of head truncate or weakly rounded (Figs. 79H, K); frons with weak median trough with bordering carinae (becoming obsolete ventrally) (Figs. 79B, E) 16 16. Frons with a dark band on anterior third (Fig. 79E); often only 1 lateral spine on hind tibiae (sometimes 2, check both legs); many longitudinal veins forked at subapical vein; dark brown; Texas and west Metcracis Medler 16'. Frons without dark band; 2 lateral spines on hind tibiae; longitudinal veins not forked at subapical vein; dark or pale species; Texas and east Flataloides Metcalf Fulgoridae (Figs. 82-84) Fulgoridae are represented north of Mexico by 9 genera and 17 species, all of which occur in the southwest with fewer species in other regions (Fig. 103). Fulgoridae, often called lanternflies, consisted of 108 genera and 543 species at the time of Metcalf (1947) and now consist of approxi- mately 129 genera and 696 species (Bourgoin 2012). The higher classification of Fulgoridae has not been recently revised, although Emeljanov (1979) has reviewed the relationship between the Fulgoridae and Dictyopharidae, and Urban & Cryan (2009) showed that these taxa were sister groups and that the assignment of some basal genera to family was problematic. The arrange- ment here follows Metcalf (1947a). Urban & Cryan (2009) provided the first molecular phy- logeny of Fulgoridae, demonstrating that head processes are repeatedly gained and lost over evo- lutionary time. Since the higher classification of Fulgoridae is partly based on the presence and na- ture of these head processes, a reassessment of the higher categories is needed. Fulgorids are large, mostly tropical plant- hoppers. In North America, they mostly exceed 7 mm, although tropical forms can reach 95 mm. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 31 Aside from size, they can be recognized by the reticulate venation of the hindwings (Fig. 2A), and usually the forewings, which are often opaque and held tectiform. Some genera ( Amycle , Rhabdocephala and Scolopsella ) have an elongate head process. The second tarsomere of the hind leg bears a row of teeth, a feature shared with Dic- tyopharidae and basal planthoppers, but in con- trast to the derived families. Kramer (1978) revised Cyrpoptus and O'Brien (1988b) provided a key to New World genera and species with head processes. The species Alphina glauca and Calyptoproctus marmoratus are similar and belong in the same genus, however neither appear to belong to Alphina or Calyptoproctus. Res- olution of the generic placement for these species will require revision of these genera, and possibly additional related genera. Unfortunately, the type specimen of Alphina glauca (from Brownsville, Texas) has been lost, thus, it is not possible to de- termine with certainty if these represent two dis- tinct species. Similar, and possibly undescribed, forms are known from extreme southern U.S. and Mexico as far south as Chiapas. In light of this, we have attributed all distribution records to Calypto- proctus marmoratus except for the type series of Al- phina glauca. Of the 9 genera of Fulgoridae found north of Mexico, most have congeners in Central America, except Rhabdocephala (which is monotypic), few have South American representatives, and none has Old World representatives. Total valid species are Alphina 3, Alaruasa 7, Amycle 9, Calyptoproctus 10, Cyrpoptus 11, Itzalana 3, Poblicia 3, and Scolopsella 2. Calyptoproctus is primarily South American (7 of 10 species). The majority of Fulgoridae feed on trees and woody shrubs through the bark, but a few taxa are grass feeding. Most fulgorids have been re- ported from a single host species (Wilson et al. 1994). We have observed Poblicia fuliginosa feeding on winged sumac ( Rhus copallinum L., Anacar- diaceae) in the east and reared nymphs on Baccha- ris sarothroides A. Gray (Asteraceae) in Arizona, where it may also be found on Brickellia (Aster- aceae). Adults of Itzalana submaculata were found on Baccharis in Texas (in September, October, and May), but nymphs were only found sweeping mixed vegetation (in September) at the same loca- tion (O'Brien, pers. obs.). Calyptoproctus has been observed on the trunks of cottonwood ( Populus , Salicaceae) in Arizona. The biology of Rhabdo- cephala brunnea has been described by Wilson & Wheeler (1992). The nymphs of this species feed on Muhlenbergia porteri Scribn. ex Beal (Poaceae); it may be bivoltine. The biology and immature forms of the eastern species Amycle vernalis, Cyr- poptus belfragei, and C. reineckei have been de- scribed from the exotic Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees (Poaceae) and other grasses, and these species appear to be bivoltine (Wilson & Wheeler 2005). KEY TO GENERA OF FULGORIDAE NORTH OF MEXICO 1 Head strongly anteriorly produced (Figs. 82E, F, I) 2 V. Head not strongly produced (Figs. 82G, H; 83D-F) 4 2. Cephalic process narrowed apically (Fig. 82E), flattened dorsoventrally; vertex elongate triangular, base nearly twice as wide as apex Amycle Stal 2'. Cephalic process expanded apically (Figs. 82F, I), cross section nearly circular or square; head elongate, rec- tangular, base and apex subequal 3 3. Vertex smooth in lateral view (Fig. 84B), rounded, pointed anteriorly, carinae not foliaceous; sides of head vis- ible throughout Rhabdocephala Van Duzee 3'. Vertex scalloped in lateral view (Fig. 84C), convex anteriorly, carinae foliaceous, crenulated; sides of head partly obscured by carina in dorsal view Scolopsella Ball 4. Head with eyes narrower than pronotum (Figs. 82G, 83D) 5 4'. Head with eyes equal to or broader than pronotum (e.g.. Figs. 83E, F) 6 5. Transverse carina at posterior margin of pronotum (Fig. 82G); sides of frons not parallel, widened in distinct lobe just above clypeal suture (Fig. 82C); ninth abdominal tergite of female elongate, medially carinate, usually hiding tenth and eleventh; forewings almost translucent, mottled with dark and clear areas Calyptoproctus and Alphina of authors 32 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES 5'. 6. 6'. 7. 7'. No transverse carina on pronotum (Fig. 83D), although may have transverse striae; sides of frons subparalle (Fig. 83A); forewings mostly opaque Alaruasa Distant Head including eyes the widest part of insect (Fig. 83B, E); frons shorter than length of frontoclypeal suture, dorsal margin at least 2x length frontoclypeal suture Itzalana Distant Head including eyes not exceeding width of closed forewings (Figs. 82H, 83F); frons not as above .7 Flange on posterior margin of head behind eye not obscuring lateral edge of pronotum; anterior abdominal tergites black, caudal ones red in U.S. species (Fig. 83F) Poblicia Stal Blunt spur on posterior margin of head behind eye overlapping margin of pronotum; tergites not as above (Fig. 82H) Cyrpoptus Stal ISSIDAE (Figs. 85-87) Issidae north of Mexico consist of 12 genera and 25 species. Issidae is the 5th largest family of planthoppers, consisting of 178 genera and 842 species at the time of Metcalf (1958, excluding Caliscelinae), and presently including 229 genera and 1168 species (Bourgoin 2012). The higher clas- sification of Issidae has been the subject of recent investigation. Fennah (1954) revised the classifica- tion of Issidae, including Acanaloniidae as a sub- family, and in 1984, moving a series of North American genera (Bladinini subtribe Gaetuliina) to Nogodinidae. These were subsequently moved to Tropiduchidae (as tribe Gaetuliini) (Gnezdilov 2007). Several authors have since provided evi- dence that Issidae as defined by Fennah (1954, 1984) is not monophyletic (e.g., Emeljanov 1991, Yeh & Yang 1999). Emeljanov (1999) recognized Caliscelidae as a family, and revived Acanaloni- idae (subsumed under Issidae by Fennah 1954), which was defined to include Euthiscia, and 2 Old World subfamilies (Trienopinae and Tonginae), which were subsequently moved to Nogodinidae and Tropiduchidae (Gnezdilov 2007, 2008). A se- ries of additional changes to the higher taxonomy have been proposed, but most do not impact North American taxa, except tribal and subtribal definitions proposed by Gnezdilov (2003b), and subsuming Thioniini under Issini by Gnezdilov (2009). Here we treat Thioniini as a subtribe of Issini, since Gnezdilov (2009) did not explicitly address the placement of Thioniini within his sub- tribes. North American issids, as currently defined, can be recognized by the hind tibiae bearing 1-4 lateral spines (Acanaloniidae have none), forewings covering the abdomen and usually not reticulate (if reticulate then uniformly so, without patches of clear cells), and pronotum usually not extending anteriorly beyond the middle of the eyes. Like all higher planthoppers, Issidae have a pair of spines on the second tarsomere of the hind leg. Misodema (Tropiduchidae: Gaetuliini) is easily mistaken for an issid and is included in the key below. North American Issidae, including Calisceli- dae and Gaetuliini, were revised by Doering (1936, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1958), and these works should be consulted for species identification. O'Brien (1988a) reviewed the North American Is- sidae and provided a revised key to genera based on Doering (1938), which was updated by Gnezdilov & O'Brien (2006b). Gnezdilov (2003a, 2004) noted that North American Hysteropterum Amyot & Serville, 1843 are not congeneric with the European species and 5 genera ( Abolloptera , Balduza, Exortus, Kathleenum, Stilbometopius ) were subsequently erected for the North American Hysteropterum (Gnezdilov 2004, Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006b). Gnezdilov & O'Brien (2006a) re- port Hysteropterum severini and H. beameri as syn- onyms of Agalmatium bilobum (Fieber), a Euro- pean species. Tylana ustulata was transferred to Hysteropterum by O'Brien (1988a), subsequently to Tylanira by Gnezdilov & O'Brien (2006b), who also raised Paralixes from subgenus to genus sta- tus out of Ulixes Stal, 1861. Paralixes and Ulixes are rare in collections. We have observed specimens of Paralixes from New Mexico that appear to be a new species; however, a review of available U.S. and Mexican specimens suggests that color varies among individuals and there is substantial varia- tion in size between sexes. Male genitalia may be the best feature for species verification, but geni- talia are not described for all species. An undeter- mined adventive Colpoptera species, possibly from Mexico, was reported from Florida by Halbert (2010). Thionia bullata conspersa (Walker, 1851) is BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 33 here placed as a junior synonym of Thionia bullata (Say, 1830) because it is a color variant of the nominotypical species. Issidae are most species-rich in the southern United States (Fig. 104), with a few taxa (particu- larly Thionia) more widespread. Thionia as cur- rently defined includes 70 species, a few of which are Old World. Of the remaining genera, all except the adventive Agalmatium are limited to North and Central America. The genera Paralixes (4 species), Picumna (10 species) and Traxus (2 species) include Central American species not found in the U.S. Three issids were excluded from Appendix 1 because they were reported only from 'North America' in their original description (and subse- quently) and not confirmed north of Mexico ( Issus servillei Spinola, 1839; Thionia ocellata Melichar, 1906; and Thionia transversalis Melichar, 1906). Each of these species was illustrated and included in the key to planthoppers of eastern North Amer- ica by Metcalf (1923) and subsequently included in Poole & Gentili (1997). Metcalf's (1923) Issus servillei record was evidently based on 2 unla- belled specimens in the NCSU collection (with Metcalf determination labels), but this species was not included in Doering's (1936, 1938, 1939, 1941) revisions. Unfortunately, we cannot verify that these specimens are this species (since we were unable to locate the type specimen) or that they were taken in North America. Issus Fabricius, 1803 in the strict sense is unlikely to occur in the New World, so we consider this species incertae sedis. The two Thionia species were noted by Doe- ring (1938: 457) as not found in the U.S., and spec- imens found bearing these names appear to be misidentifications. Issidae are usually associated with woody plants both as adults and nymphs, and are found on the above-ground portion of plants. Most species are reported as monophagous (Wilson et al. 1994). Wheeler & Wilson (1987, 1988) describe the life history of Thionia elliptica, T. bullata , and T. simplex. Thionia elliptica feeds on Quercus (in Penn- sylvania mostly on Quercus ilicifolia Wangenh.), with a single generation per year, adults emerging in July and August, and overwintering as eggs (Wheeler & Wilson 1987). Thionia bullata is univol- tine on pines (including the introduced Pinus sylvestris L.), overwintering as eggs, with devel- opment requiring about 10 weeks (Wheeler & Wilson 1988, Wheeler 1996). Thionia simplex is polyphagous on a variety of herbaceous and woody plants (Wheeler & Wilson 1988). Schlinger (1958) describes the biology of the adventive AgaT matium bilobum (as Hysteropterum beameri ) in Cali- fornia, which creates 'mud cases' for its eggs and evidently feeds on oats ( Avena sativa L.) (see also Boulard 1987). KEY TO GENERA OF ISSIDAE NORTH OF MEXICO Note: Parenthetical numbers following genera in the key refer to the part number and page of Doering's revision of the Issinae (1936, 1938, 1939, 1941), i.e., 2: 458 refers to part 2 (1938), page 458). Misodema (Tropiduchidae: Gaetuliini) is included in this key since it is easily mistaken for an issid. 1. Hind wings present, entire, with strongly marked notches at the joints of the folds, anal area large (wings usu- ally visible from ventral view of insect); vein Scl absent; larger issids varying from 5.5 to 8.1 mm (Thioniina & Colpopterini) 2 1'. Hind wings absent or rudimentary 4 2. Posterior tibiae with 1 spine; narrow, elongate planthoppers; adventive, Florida Colpoptera Burmeister 2'. Posterior tibiae with 2-4 spines (Figs. 1F-G); broad, stout planthoppers; widespread 3 3. Posterior tibiae with 2 (or 3) spines (Fig. IF); cubital vein of forewing simple Thionia Stal (2: 458) 3'. Posterior tibiae usually with 4 spines (Fig. 1G); cubital vein of forewing branched Picumna Stal (2: 471) 4. Body broad, almost rounded in dorsal view (Figs. 86G, K); forewings strongly reticulate and parchment-like, held somewhat tectiform 5 4'. Body more elongate (Figs. 85F-J; 861, L; 89H); forewings usually leathery, not reticulate, held more vertically [Hysteropterum sensu Doering 1938 (2: 481)1 6 5. Mesonotum with lateral carinae elevated on rounded peaks (evident in lateral view; Fig. 87J); clypeus reced- ing with respect to frons Traxus Metcalf (2: 449) 34 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES 5'. Mesonotum with lateral carinae normal, not elevated; clypeus on same plane as frons (Fig. 87F) Paralixes Caldwell (2: 452) 6. Intermediate carinae of front (between median and lateral carinae) obsolete, not raised 7 6'. Intermediate carinae of front present, raised ^ 7. Forewing strongly reticulate (Fig. 90H); in lateral view, head projecting dorsally, front reclinate Misodema Melichar (2: 534) 7' . Forewing not strongly reticulate (Figs. 87A, B, H); head not projecting, frons nearly truncate 8 8. Frons with longitudinal depression each side of median carina (Fig. 85A); anterior margin of vertex medially projecting, weakly bisinuate laterally (Fig. 85F) Abolloptera bistriata (Caldwell) 8'. Frons flat or slightly convex; anterior margin of vertex not medially projecting, nearly truncate (Figs. 85G, 861) 9 9. Dorsal margin of frons flat (Fig. 85B); cells in forewings without black dots; adventive in California Agalmatium bilobum (Fieber) 9'. Dorsal margin of frons slightly convex; costal border cream colored, other cells in forewing with black dots . Stilbometopius auroreus (Uhler)(2: 482) 10. Vertex deeply emarginate at apex, thus forming lateral triangular projections inclined upward (Figs. 86F, L); frons emarginate at frontoclypeal margin; larger species usually 4.4 mm or over Tylanira Ball (3: 144) 10'. Vertex not as above; smaller species usually 4.4 mm or smaller 11 11. Intermediate carinae of frons parallel or weakly converging dorsally (Fig. 85E); frons at dorsal margin wider than tall at median carina; dorsal margin of frons wider than frons at midline (about 1.25x) with wide straight median line and sides angled upward; vertex about 3x wider than long in middle (Fig, 85J) Kathleenum Gnezdilov 11 ' . Intermediate carinae of frons converging dorsally (Figs. 85C-D); frons at dorsal margin about as wide as tall at median carina (about 1.05x) with dorsal margin v-shaped; vertex about 2x wider than long in middle (Figs. 85H, I) 12 12. Forewings uniformly speckled with fine dots, otherwise not strongly patterned (Fig. 87D); dorsoanterior por- tion of head rounded (not raised) in lateral view; dorsal margin of forewing straight in lateral view; south- eastern Exortus Gnezdilov 12'. Forewings patterned, irregularly speckled (Fig. 87C); dorsoanterior portion of head raised in lateral view; dor- sal margin of forewing concave in lateral view; southwestern Balduza Gnezdilov Kinnaridae (Figs. 91A, E) Kinnaridae are represented in America north of Mexico by 5 species in the genus Oeclidius found entirely in the southwest (Fig. 105), with 18 additional Oeclidius species found in Central America (one of these reported from South Amer- ica). Kinnaridae are a small group of mostly tropi- cal species, consisting at the time of Metcalf (1945) of 8 genera and 42 species, and currently of 21 genera and 104 species (Bourgoin 2012), of which 10 genera and 43 species are Caribbean (Fennah 1942, 1945, 1948, 1980; Ramos 1957). The higher classification follows Emeljanov (1985) as modi- fied by Emeljanov (2006b), who defined Oeclidiini for the three New World kinnarid genera Oeclid- ius, Southia Kirkaldy, 1904b, and Micrixia Fowler, 1904. Kinnaridae are a relatively primitive taxon, derived near the base of the planthopper phy- logeny, although fossils are known only since the Mid-Mesozoic (Bourgoin & Lefebvre 2002, Szwedo et al. 2004, Urban & Cryan 2007). Kinnarids are similar to small Cixiidae in gen- eral appearance, and they share a row of spines on the second segment of the hind tarsomere and may have a median ocellus near the frontoclypeal su- ture. Unlike cixiids, females have a reduced ovipositor (Fig. 3F1) and abdominal tergites 7-9 are chevron-shaped wax-producing plates (Fig. 4E). Oeclidius was revised by Ball (1934a). Oeclidius nanus and O. brickellus are here synonymized. The main feature used to separate these species by Ball (1934a; viz. 3 or 4 apical cells in the forewings) can vary on the left and right wings of the same indi- vidual and no other covarying feature could be found. We are aware of a putative new species that may not be Oeclidius. Kuznetsova and Maryanska- Nadachowska (2006) examined the male repro- ductive organs and karyotypy of Oeclidius. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 35 The nymphal habits and host biology of Kin- naridae are largely unknown. There are few host records (most of these on Asteraceae or Lami- aceae), with most species reported as monophagous (Wilson et al. 1994). Nymphs are evidently subterranean, with adults found on above-ground portions of plants, although adults have also been found on roots (Fennah 1980, Wil- son et al. 1994). Tropiduchidae (Including Gaetuliini) (Figs. 88-91B-D, F-H) Tropiduchidae are a relatively small plant- hopper family consisting at the time of Metcalf (1954a) of 106 genera and 280 mostly tropical species. As currently comprised, Tropiduchidae consist of 135 genera and 436 species (Bourgoin 2012). Tribes of Tropiduchidae were revised by Fennah (1982), but they were not explicitly placed into subfamilies, so the subfamily arrangement of Metcalf (1954a) is adopted here. Recent investiga- tion of the relationships and composition of the higher planthoppers has resulted in the transfer of taxa into Tropiduchidae including Gaetuliina (from Nogodinidae, Bladinini; originally in Issi- dae) and Trienopinae (transferred from Acanaloni- idae, originally in Issidae) (Gnezdilov 2007). Similar to other derived families of plant- hoppers, Tropiduchidae have the teeth on the sec- ond tarsomere of the hind leg reduced to a lateral pair. Tangiini and Remosini tend to be rather flat- tened and have a distinct nodal line on the wing, with the wing venation rather reticulate distad of the nodal line (Fig. 4G). Some Tropiduchidae su- perficially resemble dictyopharids, but are readily separated by the distinct nodal line and the lack of intermediate carinae on the frons. Gaetuliini are similar to Issidae, and both have 1-4 lateral spines (usually 2-3, but 1 in Osbornia cornuta and some Dictyssa, and 4 in Danepteryx and Misodema ) on the hind tibiae, and wings (usually) covering the abdomen. They can be separated by having retic- ulate venation (shared with the issids Paralixes and Traxus) with some cells membranous. The North American Tropiduchidae as tradi- tionally defined (i.e., Tangiini and Remosini among U.S. taxa) were reviewed by O'Brien (1992) and are represented in the United States by 2 species in 2 genera ( Pelitropis rotulata and Tangia breviceps ) from the southeast, with two other species ( Monopsis tabida and Neurotmeta sponsa) re- ported but unverified by museum specimens (O'Brien 1992). Spinola (1839: 302-304) described Monopsis tabida from "Des Etats-Unis de l'Am.- Sept.", subsequently annotated as Florida (Uhler 1884, Swezey 1904, Van Duzee 1908), but this species was not confirmed from the United States (O'Brien 1992). Neurotmeta sponsa, described from Cuba, was reported from southern Florida by Uh- ler (1884) but also was not confirmed from the U.S. (O'Brien 1992). All 4 of these genera have ad- ditional species in the Neotropics. Gaetuliini (sensu Gnezdilov 2007) include 10 genera and 62 species north of Mexico, all of which are southwestern, with 8 genera and 55 species from California (Fig. 106). Only 2 species in this tribe, Misodema dubia Caldwell, 1945 and Dictyssa leonilae O'Brien, 1986b, have not been reported north of Mexico. Gaetuliini were moved from Issi- dae to Nogodinidae by Fennah (1984, as a subtribe of Bladinini), following his review of nogodinid higher classification (Fennah 1978b). Emeljanov (1999) agreed with Fennah's (1984) placement of the tribe. However, Gaetuliini did not group with Nogodinidae in the molecular phylogeny of Urban & Cryan (2007). Subsequently Gaetuliini were transferred to Tropiduchidae by Gnezdilov (2007). Dictyssonia beameri was not treated by Fennah (1954), but appears to be closely allied with Gae- tuliini, and is treated as such here. Therefore, as currently defined, Tropiduchidae north of Mexico consist of 12 genera and 64 species (excluding taxa reported in error). Gaetuliini were included within Doering's re- vision of Issidae (Doering 1936, 1938, 1939, 1941), which should be consulted for the identification of these species. O'Brien (1988a) presented an up- dated version of Doering's (1938) key that in- cludes Gaetuliini, Issidae, Caliscelidae, and Phi- latis (as Euthiscia; Acanaloniidae). The majority of tropiduchids are found on above-ground portions of woody dicots (Wilson et al. 1994). Wilson & Wheeler (1984) recorded Pelitropis rotulata from 19 woody host plants and described immatures. This species appeared to be univoltine in North Carolina. Tangia breviceps has been recorded from Cocoloba uvifera (O'Brien 1992) and Neurotmeta sponsa from guava and coffee (Metcalf & Bruner 1930, Fennah 1982). Life histo- ries have not been studied in detail for any Gae- tuliini. They feed mostly on shrubs, particularly from the Asteraceae, Rosaceae, and Ericaceae (Wilson et al. 1994). 36 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES KEY TO GENERA OF TROPIDUCHIDAE (TANGIINI & REMOSINI) NORTH OF MEXICO (FROM O'BRIEN, 1992) 1. Median carina of frons absent; veins of forewings spotted with brown; lateral fields of pronotum narrower than medial fields (Fig. 91 D) Pelitropis rotulata Van Duzee 1 ' . Median carina of frons present; veins of forewings not spotted with brown; lateral fields of pronotum about as wide as median fields ^ 2. Vertex longer than broad (Fig. 91G) 3 2' . Vertex broader than long (Fig. 91F) Tangia breviceps (Metcalf & Bruner) 3. Forewings with M forking 1/3 from base (not verified in U.S.) Monopsis tabida Spinola 3'. Forewings with M forking at level of or behind Cu fork (not verified in U.S.) (Fig. 91G) Neurotmeta sponsa (Guerin-Meneville) KEY TO GENERA OF TROPIDUCHIDAE (GAETULIINI) NORTH OF MEXICO 1. Forewing short (Fig. 90J), leaving several abdominal segments exposed from above (in part) Osbornia Ball (3: 96) 1'. Forewing reaching or exceeding end of abdomen 2 2. Forewing strap-like, much longer than wide (Figs. 90A, G); ventral half of abdomen evident in lateral view .3 2'. Forewing wider (Figs. 90B-F, H-I); abdomen hidden, or mostly hidden, by wing in lateral view 4 3. Vertex much wider than long (Fig. 89G), head not projecting (Fig 90G); 1-3 lateral spines on hind tibiae Dyctidea Uhler (3: 89) 3'. Vertex nearly as long as wide (Fig. 88F), head projecting anteriorly in lateral view (Fig. 90A); 4 lateral spines on hind tibiae Danepteryx Uhler (3: 136) 4. Forewing nearly as wide as long and semicircular in shape, costal margin decidedly rounding (Figs. 90C, E); forewing partly opaque, usually with an oblique hyaline band across clavus and corium 5 4'. Forewing more elongate, costal margin nearly straight, or if rounding (Fig. 90F), with a distinct bulla present at base of each wing 6 5. Forewing semicircular in shape, not closely appressed to body, veins of corium forming small irregular cells, some of which usually (not always) are vitreous or light colored (Fig. 90E) Dictyssa Melichar (1: 424) 5'. Fore wing almost as broad as long, held almost vertically, cells of corium exceptionally few and large and dis- tinctly angular (Fig. 90C) Dictyonia Uhler (2: 496) 6. Vertex obtusely produced for distance nearly equal to width of eye (Figs. 90D, H) 7 6'. Vertex not obtusely produced, distance from eye to apex of head much less than width of eye (Figs. 90B, F, 1)8 7. Forewing opaque, with few setae (Fig. 90H); hind tibiae with 4 lateral spines Misodema Melichar (2: 534) 7'. Forewing clear, hispid (Fig. 90D); hind tibiae with 3 lateral spines Dictyonissus Uhler (2: 498) 8. Posterior tibiae with 2-3 lateral spines; forewing with distinct bulla at outer angles of the corium Dictyssonia Ball (2: 536) 8'. Posterior tibiae with 1-2 lateral spines; forewing without bulla 9 9. Head including eyes narrower than pronotum; forewing twice longer than wide, more reticulate in apical half (submacropters) Osbornia Ball (3: 96) 9'. Head including eyes wider than pronotum; forewing wider, reticulate throughout (Fig. 90B, I) 10 10. Forewing entirely clear (Fig. 901), or nearly so; body pale Neaethus Stal (2: 502) 10'. Forewing with extensive dark patches (Fig. 90B); body darker Dictyobia Uhler (3: 84) BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 37 Summary of Nomenclatural Changes Collectively, 41 nomenclatural changes (Table 8) are proposed in the species checklist (Appendix 1) and the family synopses. Of these, 22 species (17 in Delphacidae, 5 in Flatidae) were new com- binations to correct erroneous generic placement, maintain current generic concepts, and ensure that these taxa trace properly in the presented keys. An additional 19 taxa, distributed among 7 families, are new species-level synonyms, usually based on comparison of primary type material. Additional synonyms are likely to be encountered with revisionary studies. Three were subspecific color variants synonymized with the nominotypi- cal taxon. Color may be influenced by a wide vari- ety of environmental and physiological influ- ences, and should not be used alone to define specific or subspecific forms for planthoppers. More generally, we question the utility of subspe- cific designations for planthoppers and anticipate, when carefully evaluated, most will be subsumed under nominotypical taxa or merit species status. Further synonymy or nomenclatural changes will inevitably be needed as problematic taxa are re- vised, new taxa are described, and the biology (in- cluding molecular ecology) and biogeography of planthoppers become better understood. DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTHOPPER TAXA IN THE CONTIGUOUS UNITED STATES Overall, planthoppers are more species-rich in the south, and particularly the southwest (Fig. 107). A latitudinal gradient of species richness is a common pattern among many taxa (e.g., Willig et al. 2003), and was expected among planthoppers. Increasing species richness with decreasing lati- tude in North America corresponds to the pattern known for birds and mammals (Lomolino et al. 2010). The diversity of topography and plants may play a role in this observed pattern in plant- hoppers. Within the contiguous U.S., planthopper fami- lies vary in the details and degree to which they exhibit this general pattern. Also, some families appear to be most species-rich in the southwest, as defined here. Acanaloniidae (Fig. 95), Calisceli- dae (Fig. 97), Cixiidae (Fig. 98), Dictyopharidae (Fig. 101), Flatidae (Fig. 102), Fulgoridae (Fig. 103), Issidae (Fig. 104), Kinnaridae (Fig. 105) and Tropiduchidae (Gaetuliini) (Fig. 106) all appear to be most species-rich in the southwest. However, for some families, this pattern may be sensitive to how 'southwest' is defined, and in particular whether all or parts of Texas and California are in- cluded, but consideration of patterns below the state level was beyond both the current scope of this study and available data. Texas in particular may be especially diverse since it is a very large state and contains elements of the eastern, west- ern and Mexican faunas. Achilidae, Delphacidae, Derbidae and Tropiduchidae (Tangiini and Remosini) show con- trasting biogeographic patterns. Tangiini and Re- mosini are found only in the southeast. The other three families are much more broadly distributed to the north, particularly in the east where their richness remains high in New England and states bordering the Great Lakes. Caliscelidae also ex- hibit relatively high species richness in the Great Plains and further north. Achilidae have high di- versity in California (5 genera, 29 species), but also over most of the eastern U.S. The Canadian planthopper fauna consists of 67 genera and 247 species (Table 7) of which 39 genera and 146 species are delphacids. Delphacids are diverse in Alaska and the Yukon into the Arctic Circle (Wil- son 1988, 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000). The influence of uneven collecting effort and reporting of planthopper species is evident from Figures 95-107. Some states (Illinois, North Car- olina) probably have a relatively complete fauna recorded, although it is unlikely that any state has its entire fauna recorded. Other states (Vermont, Rhode Island, West Virginia, Kentucky) clearly have an under-reported fauna, but would be ex- pected to be species rich (100+ species). Incom- plete information may create artifacts with respect to understanding planthopper species distribu- tions. The average number of planthopper genera and species recorded for the contiguous 48 states and the District of Columbia is 42 genera and 102 species. We anticipate that nearly all states have a fauna of at least 100 species of planthoppers, pos- sibly excepting the northwestern states, but here only 23 states have at least this total (Table 5), de- spite the nearly 800 new state records reported here. We combined states into regions to compen- sate for the problem of incomplete reporting at the state level. With the contiguous states separated into 5 regions (Fig. 94), we find the highest species richness is in the southwest (142 genera, 647 species) and lowest in the northwest (45 genera. 38 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES 128 species). This result is intuitive given in- creased richness with decreased latitude and the many unique species of the southwest. A differing possible explanation might be classic species-area relationships, with higher richness expected in larger geographic areas. If the number of species is standardized per unit area7 (Table 4), the north- western region remains the least species-rich (with 0.027 genera and 0.076 species per 1000 km-), but both the southeast (0.086 genera and 0.324 species per 1000 km2) and northeast (0.109 genera and 0.380 species per 1000 km2) appear to have higher richness than the southwest (0.054 genera and 0.241 species per 1000 km2) by that measure. With the current data, it is difficult to as- certain whether these observations reflect a true biological pattern or remain an artifact of incom- plete sampling, with the fauna in the east being better collected and described than the west. FINAL COMMENTS The species totals provided here are not likely to represent a complete census of the planthopper fauna north of Mexico. Doubtless there remain unreported adventive species from Mexico or the Caribbean, and possibly unreported circumboreal taxa. Also, we are aware of apparently unde- scribed taxa in most families, and new species continue to be discovered and described (Fig. 109; e.g., Cronin & Wilson 2007, Bartlett 2010, Bartlett & Hamilton 2011, Weglarz & Bartlett 2012). In compiling this work, we did not attempt to census the potential new species that were encountered. We anticipate that the described fauna (Appendix 1) represents 90% or more of the true fauna north of Mexico, with the eastern U.S. better surveyed than the west. However, subsequent removal of synonyms and nomen oblitum from the list may make the species totals not much higher than those reported here. While the taxonomy of many planthoppers north of Mexico seems established, problematic areas remain. In delphacids, the generic place- ment of approximately 50 Delphacodes species needs to be examined, and a series of genera re- 7 State areas compiled from Census State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates, (http://www.census.gov/geo /www/2010census/statearea_intpt.html 2010 Census State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates). quire revision or the development of identifica- tion keys (e.g., Eurysa, Eurybregma, Kormus, Javesella, Nothodelphax, Paraliburnia, and Syndel- phax). Similarly, most North American flatid gen- era require redefinition and revision, which would necessarily require consideration of the Central American fauna. In the Fulgoridae the conspicuous taxonomic and nomenclatural prob- lem of Alphina glauca and Calyptoproctus marmora- tus has yet to be resolved. Finally, the family-level taxonomy of several groups remains to be firmly established. For future work, aside from revisionary sys- tematics and new species descriptions, there are several areas that require investigation. Modern online taxonomic tools (including interactive keys) are needed for essentially all North Ameri- can taxa so that species identification will not re- quire specialized taxonomic expertise. Life his- tory and host relations remain incompletely established for most taxa. Biogeographic patterns of species distributions, particularly with refer- ence to host plants, are needed to evaluate or pre- dict species distributions in changing environ- ments. A serious data gap is that the planthopper fauna of Mexico (and much of the Neotropics) re- mains acutely underinvestigated, with integrative works approaching a century old. Many potential adventives from Mexico would be difficult to identify, assuming they were known to science, and any comprehensive understanding of plant- hopper biogeography, and possibly systematics, would require a better understanding of the Mex- ican fauna. It is our hope that this review will fa- cilitate research in planthopper biology and sys- tematics of North America. Given that much remains to be accomplished in "fulgorology" in the future, we hope that scientific advances will quickly render this review obsolete. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are indebted to Kimberly Shropshire (Uni- versity of Delaware) for photography and line art. We are indebted to the following collections and collection managers for providing specimens, in- formation, or photographs: Susan Halbert (Floi ida C ollection of Arthropods, Florida Depart- ment of Plant Industry, Gainesville); Niels Kris- tensen (Natuial History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen), Noiman Penny, Michael Krasno- brod (California Academy of Sciences, San Fran- BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 39 cisco); Andy Hamilton (Canadian National Col- lection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ot- tawa); James Woolley and Edward Riley (Depart- ment of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station); Toby Schuh, Christine Johnson (American Museum of Natural History, New York); Chris Dietrich, Dmitry A. Dmitriev (Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign); Chris Carlton, Victoria Bayless (Louisiana State Arthropod Museum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge); Lew Deitz, Bob Blinn (North Carolina State University, Raleigh); Steven Aim (Department of Plant Sciences and Entomology, University of Rhode Island); Don Arnold (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwa- ter); Donald Chandler ( University of New Hamp- shire, Durham); Stuart McKamey, Tom Henry, Michele Touchet (Smithsonian Institution, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Washing- ton, DC); Frank Merickel (William F. Barr Ento- mological Museum, University of Idaho, Moscow); and Zachary Falin, Jennifer Thomas (KU Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence). We thank Julie Urban (North Carolina Nature Research Center, Raleigh), Jason Cryan (North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh), Judy Hough-Goldstein (Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark) and two anonymous review- ers for helpful comments on the manuscript. We thank Amanda Hodges (University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology) who helped organize a Western Plant Diagnostic Network workshop in March 2006 (at the Univer- sity of California, Davis), where an early version of this manuscript was distributed. We also thank current and former students at the Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware: Rick Donovall, Anthony Gonzon, Katie Weglarz, Lawrence Barringer, Ashley Kennedy (University of Delaware), and Chris Taylor (cur- rently University of Maryland, who checked the UMD collection for Delphax carinata Glover). This research was supported by the USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Com- petitive Grants Program Grant No. 2009-55605- 05006 from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, NSF Advancing Digitization of Bio- logical Collections (ADBC) award 1115103 (Digiti- zation TCN: Collaborative Research: Plants, Her- bivores, and Parasitoids: A Model System for the Study of Tri-Trophic Associations), and Hatch Project W-2185 Biological Control in Pest Manage- ment Systems of Plants, with additional support from the University of Delaware Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology. 40 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Table 1. Selected identification references for North American planthoppers (revised from Wilson 2005) Taxon Region or Topic Reference O'Brien & Wilson 1985 O'Brien et al. 1991 Families World Families World, immatures Families, Genera, Species Eastern U.S. Families, Genera, Species Illinois Families, Genera, Species Delaware Families, Genera, Species Mississippi Families, Genera, Species Southeastern US (Economic species) Acanaloniidae Acanalonia U.S. Acanalonia Florida Achilidae Tribes, Genera World Plectoderini U.S. Cixidia (as Epiptera ) Canada Caliscelidae Genera U.S. Aphelonema U.S. Bruchomorpha U.S. Fitchiella U.S. Papagonia U.S. Cixiidae Genera U.S. Bothriocera U.S. Cixius U.S. Haplaxius (as Myndus) New World Oecleus U.S. Melanoliarus, Reptalus, Pentastiridius (as Oliarus) U.S. Pintalia U.S. Delphacidae Genera Mississippi Genera Alaska Genera Yukon Achorotile U.S. Aethodelphax U.S. Akemetopon U.S., Mexico Baker ella U.S. Bostaera U.S. Delphacodes North Carolina Delphacodes U.S. Eurysa U.S. Kelisia U.S. Laccocera Canada Laccocera U.S. Megamelanus U.S Megamelus U.S. Megamelus Canada Metadelphax New World Neomegamelan us U.S. Nilaparvata New World Pareuidella U.S. Metcalf 1923 (Also Crawford 1914, Muir & Giffard 1924) Wilson & McPherson 1980a Bartlett et al. 2011 Dozier 1928 Wilson 2005 Doering 1932, Freund & Wilson 1995 Halbert et al. 2007 Fennah 1950a O'Brien 1971 Beirne 1950b Doering 1938 Doering 1941 Doering 1939 Doering 1941 Doering 1939 Kramer 1983 Kramer 1983 Kramer 1981a Kramer 1979 Kramer 1977 Mead & Kramer 1982 Kramer 1983 Coley 1970 Wilson 1988 Wilson 1992 Beamer 1954, Scudder 1963 Bartlett & Hamilton 2011 Weglarz & Bartlett 2011 Beamer 1945b, 1946b, 1950b Penner 1952 DuBose 1960 Beamer 1946d, 1947, 1948a, b, c; 1951a, 1952a Beamer 1952b Beamer 1945a, 1951c Beirne 1950a, Scudder 1963 Penner 1945 McDermott 1952 Beamer 1955 Scudder 1964 Gonzon & Bartlett 2008 McDermott 1952 Bartlett 2007 Beamer 1951b BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 41 Pentagramma U.S. Pentagramma New World Phyllodinus U.S. Pissonotus U.S. Prokelisia U.S. Sogatella World Stobaera U.S. Stenocraninae New World Stenocranus U.S. Stenocranus Canada Tagosodes World Tumidagena U.S. Toi/a New World Derbidae Subfamilies World Cenchreini (genera) New World Cedusa Americas Cedusa Neotropics Mysidiini (Derbini in part) Neotropics Dictvopharidae Genera New World Orgeriinae U.S. Orgerius U.S. Phylloscelis U.S. Scolops U.S. Ticida U.S. Flatidae Mistharnophantia U.S. Subfamilies, Tribes Neotropical Species U.S. Fulgoridae Cyrpoptus U.S. Fulgoridae (with head projections) New World Issidae Subfamilies, Tribes World Genera (inc. Gaetuliini) U.S. Genera U.S. Hysteropterum species U.S. Thionia species U.S. Picumnci U.S. Kinnaridae Oeclidius U.S. Tropiduchidae (Tangiini and Remosini) Subfamilies, Tribes World Genera, Species U.S. Tropiduchidae (Gaetuliini) Danepteryx U.S. Dictyobia U.S. Dictyonissus U.S. Dictyssa U.S. Dyctidea U.S. Neaethus U.S. Osbornia U.S. Hedrick-Zeller & Wilson 2010 Penner 1947 Morgan & Beamer 1949 Morgan & Beamer 1949, Bartlett & Deitz 2000 Wilson 1982a, Heady& Wilson 1990 Asche & Wilson 1990 Kramer 1973 Bartlett 2010 Beamer 1946a, c Hamilton 2006 Asche & Wilson 1990 McDermott 1952 Gonzon & Bartlett 2008 Fennah 1952, Emeljanov 1996a O'Brien 1982b Flynn & Kramer 1983 Kramer 1986 Broomfield 1985 Fennah 1944a Doering 1955 Doering & Darby 1943 McPherson 1994, McPherson & Wilson 1995 Breakey 1929 Emeljanov 2006a Doering & Shephard 1946 Metcalf 1938 Shepard 1939 Kramer 1978 O'Brien 1988b Fennah 1954, 1984; Gnezdilov 2007 Doering 1938, O'Brien 1988a Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006b Doering 1938 Doering 1938 Doering 1938 Ball 1934a Fennah 1982 O'Brien 1992 Doering 1939 Doering 1939 Doering 1938 Doering 1936, 1941 Doering 1939 Doering 1938, 1941 Doering 1939 42 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Table 2. Number of subfamilies, tribes, genera and species of planthoppers in the contiguous United States (excluding those reported in error). Family Subfamilies Tribes Genera Species8 Delphacidae 4 6 61 312 Cixiidae 2 5 15 180 Dictyopharidae 2 4 14 85 Derbidae 3 6 14 71 Tropiduchidae (Gaetuliini) l9 1 10 62 Achilidae 1 3 8 55 Caliscelidae 1 2 6 5 Flatidae 2 5 13 27 Issidae 1 2 12 25 Acanaloniidae 1 1 2 20 Fulgoridae 2 2 9 17 Kinnaridae 1 1 1 5 Tropiduchidae (Tangiini & Remosini) 1 2 2 2 Totals 21 40 167 914 Table 3. Number of planthopper genera and species among regions of the contiguous United States. Regions are based on political boundaries as defined in Figure 94. Northwest Southwest Central and Northcentral Southeast Northeast Family Genera Species Genera Species Genera Species Genera Species Genera Species Acanaloniidae 0 0 2 18 1 2 1 7 1 3 Achilidae 2 8 8 48 5 18 4 19 3 19 Caliscelidae 2 9 6 43 3 16 3 19 3 10 Cixiidae 5 19 13 144 7 39 9 52 7 39 Delphacidae 26 64 46 153 38 117 49 190 38 128 Derbidae 2 2 11 36 10 36 13 56 10 40 Dictyopharidae 3 20 14 80 5 17 5 14 4 10 Flatidae 0 0 13 19 4 4 9 12 4 4 Fulgoridae 2 2 9 17 2 2 4 7 3 3 Issidae 1 2 11 22 1 3 3 7 1 3 Kinnaridae Tropiduchidae 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 (Gaetuliini) Tropiduchidae 2 2 10 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 (Tangiini & Remosini) 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 Totals 45 128 144 647 76 254 102 385 74 259 8 Count includes subspecies. 9 The Gaetuliini of Tropiduchidae are currently placed in the Tambiniinae, although the subfamily placement of the Gaetuliini has not been di- rectly addressed. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 43 Table 4. Number of genera and species observed per unit area in the contiguous United States. Regions are based on U.S. state political boundaries as defined in figure 94. Land area compiled from U.S. Cen- sus Bureau (2011). Region Area (km2) Genera Genera per 1000 km2 Species Species per 1000 km2 NW 1,674,166 45 0.027 128 0.076 sw 2,687,945 144 0.054 647 0.241 C+NC 1,845,579 76 0.041 254 0.138 SE 1,189,492 102 0.086 385 0.324 NE 681,110 74 0.109 259 0.380 All 8,078,2.92 167 0.021 914 0.113 Table 5. Number of planthopper genera and species for regions within the contiguous United States. NW ID MT ND OR SD WA WY All Genera 30 23 15 26 18 25 19 45 Species 57 44 20 50 26 43 35 128 SW AZ CA CO NM NV OK TX UT Genera 83 83 44 50 36 48 91 49 144 Species 265 285 122 117 74 89 275 115 647 C+NC IA IL IN KS KY MI MN MO NE OH WI Genera 30 66 32 51 28 31 25 56 28 48 30 76 Species 67 171 59 126 39 63 45 105 50 127 59 254 SE AL AR FL GA LA MS NC SC TN Genera 48 35 88 64 55 63 70 51 49 102 Species 90 66 277 166 111 163 222 94 107 385 NE CT DC DE MA MD ME NH NJ NY PA RI VA VT WV Genera 41 32 54 31 61 29 42 50 53 41 15 50 17 16 74 Species 102 76 118 66 141 53 94 130 155 105 23 117 27 20 259 44 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Table 6. Adventive planthopper species north of Mexico Family Species Source References (comments) Acanaloniidae Acanalonia excavata Neotropics Halbert et al. 2007 Caliscelidae Van Duzee, 1933 Caliscelis bonellii (Latreille, Mediterranean O'Brien 1988a 1807) Asarcopus palmarum Horvath, 1921 Middle East or North Africa O'Brien 1988a Delphacidae Conomelus anceps (Germar, 1821) Western Palearctic Wheeler & Hoebeke 2008 Harmalia anacharsis Fennah, 1969b Indomalayan Wooten et al. 1993 Metadelphax propinqua (Fieber, 1866b) ? Gonzon et al. 2008 (possible introduction discussed) Perkinsiella saccharicida Australian Meagher et al. 1991, 1993 Kirkaldy, 1903 Sogatella kolophon or Indomalayan Asia Hamilton 2010 Derbidae (Kirkaldy, 1907a) Patara albida Westwood, 1840 Caribbean (introduction suggested) Halbert 2005 Flatidae Siphanta acuta (Walker, 1851) Australia Fletcher 1985 Melormenis basalis (Walker, Neotropics Wilson 2005 Issidae 1851) Agalmatium bilobum Western Palearctic Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006a (Fieber, 1877) Colpoptera sp. Mexico? Halbert 2010 Table 7. Total number of planthopper genera and species for families occurring in the varied regions. World Taxa World Taxa (Metcalf catalog) (Bourgoin 2012) U.S. Taxa Canada Taxa Family Genera Species Genera Species Genera Species Genera Species Acanaloniidae 13 81 12 82 2 20 1 2 Achilidae 77 224 158 509 8 55 3 19 Caliscelidae 28 139 64 195 6 53 3 11 Cixiidae 84 786 192 2220 15 180 6 33 Delphacidae 137 1114 398 2019 61 312 39 146 Derbidae 111 733 157 1700 14 71 7 21 Dictyopharidae 119 489 164 730 14 85 2 8 Flatidae 212 981 299 1446 13 27 3 3 Fulgoridae 108 543 129 696 9 17 0 0 Issidae 178 842 229 1168 12 25 1 2 Kinnaridae 8 42 21 104 1 5 1 1 Tropiduchidae 106 280 135 436 12 64 1 1 Totals 1181 6254 1958 11,305 167 914 67 247 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 45 Table 8. New combinations and synonymies. Old Name New Synonyms Acanalonia bivittata var. rubescens Melichar, 1901a Catonia nava bifasciata Metcalf, 1948 Criomorphus conspicuus Metcalf, 1923 Criomorphus wilhelmi Anufriev & Averkin, 1982b Delphacode s ardentis Beamer, 1948c Delphacodes dentipennis Beamer, 1948b Delphacodes nigrigaster (Crawford, 1914) Flatoides concisus Metcalf, 1923 Flatoides fecalfusca Caldwell, 1938b Flatoidinus acutus var. maculosus Metcalf, 1923 Flatormenis chloris (Melichar, 1902) Libumia cubnnn pallida (Osborn, 1935) Liburnia mexicana (Crawford, 1914) Oeclidius brickellis Ball, 1934 Ormenis yumana Ball, 1933b Ormenoides pauperata (Melichar, 1902) Otiocerus signoretii Fitch, 1856 Pissonotus nigridorsum Metcalf, 1923 Thionia bullata conspersa (Walker, 1851) New combinations Delphacodes bifurca Beamer, 1946d Delphacodes compta Beamer, 1948c Delphacodes emeljanovi Wilson, 1992 Delphacodes incerta (Van Duzee, 1897) Delphacodes lutea Beamer, 1946d Delphacodes lutulentoides Beamer, 1948a Delphacodes magna (Crawford, 1914) Delphacodes montezumae Muir & Giffard, 1924 Delphacodes munda Beamer, 1948c Delphacodes nigridorsum (Crawford, 1914) Delphacodes penelutea Beamer, 1948c Delphacodes peneparvida Beamer, 1947 Delphacodes per ust a Beamer, 1947 Delphacodes plenatra Beamer, 1948c Delphacodes sagae Beamer, 1946d Delphacodes serrata Beamer, 1948a Euides guaduae (Muir, 1926) Flatoidinus fuscus (Van Duzee, 1908) Flatoidinus signatus (Melichar, 1902) Ormenis barberi Van Duzee, 1912a Ormenis proximo (Walker, 1851) Ormenis saucia Van Duzee, 1912a New name Acanalonia bivittata (Say, 1825) Catonia nava (Say, 1830) Criomorphus inconspicuus (Uhler, 1877) Criomorphus inconspicuus (Uhler, 1877) Tagosodes ivallacei (Muir & Giffard, 1924) Isodelphax nigridorsum (Crawford, 1914) Ribautodelphax albostriatus (Fieber, 1866b) Flatoidinus punctatus (Walker, 1851) Meter acis fusca (Van Duzee, 1908) Flatoidinus punctatus (Walker, 1851) Flatormenis proximo (Walker, 1851) Tagosodes cubanus (Crawford, 1914) Tagosodes cubanus (Crawford, 1914) Oeclidius nanus Van Duzee, 1914 Flatormenis saucia (Van Duzee, 1912a) Ormenoides venusta (Melichar, 1902) Otiocerus stollii Kirby, 1821 Delphacodes nitens Muir & Giffard, 1924 Thionia bullata (Say, 1830) Yukonodelphax bifurca (Beamer, 1946d) Akemetopon comptum (Beamer, 1948c) Kosszvigianella emeljanovi (Wilson, 1992) Javesella incerta (Van Duzee, 1897) Muirodelphax luteus (Beamer, 1946d) Kosswigianella lutulentoides (Beamer, 1948a) Ribautodelphax magna (Crawford, 1914) Isodelphax montezumae (Muir & Giffard, 1924) Kusnezoviella munda (Beamer, 1948c) Isodelphax nigridorsum (Crawford, 1914) Muirodelphax peneluteus (Beamer, 1946d) Elachodelphax peneparvida (Beamer, 1947) Kossivigianella perusta (Beamer, 1947) Isodelphax plenatra (Beamer, 1948c) Falcotoya sagae (Beamer, 1946d) Nothodelphax serrata (Beamer, 1948a) Mueller ianella guaduae (Muir, 1926) Meter acis fusca (Van Duzee, 1908) Flataloides signata (Melichar, 1902) Ormenaria barberi (Van Duzee, 1912a) Flatormenis proximo (Walker, 1851) Flatormenis saucia (Van Duzee, 1912a) Family Acanaloniidae Achilidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Flatidae Flatidae Flatidae Flatidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Kinnaridae Flatidae Flatidae Derbidae Delphacidae Issidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Flatidae Flatidae Flatidae Flatidae Flatidae 46 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES LITERATURE CITED Ammar, E. 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Mitteilungen Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 57: 450-451. Wilson, S. W. & J. H. Tsai. 1991. Descriptions of nymphs of the delphacid planthopper Pissonotus delicatus (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 99: 242-247. Wilson, S. W., J. H. Tsai & C. R. Thompson. 1983. De- scriptions of the nymphal instars of Oecleus borealis (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 91: 418-423. Wilson, S. W. & A. G. Wheeler Jr. 1984. Pelitropis rotulata (Homoptera: Tropiduchidae): Host plants and de- scriptions of nymphs. Florida Entomolologist 67: 164-168. Wilson, S. W. & A. G. Wheeler Jr. 1986. Pentagramma 74 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES longistylata (Homoptera: Delphacidae): Descriptions of immature stages. Journal of the Neiv York Entomo- logical Society 94: 126-133. Wilson, S. W. & A. G. Wheeler Jr. 1992. 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I-XX, 1-563. Zimmerman, E. C. 1948. Insects of Hawaii. Volume 4. Ho- moptera: Auchenorrhyncha. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii. 1-268. Appendix: List of the Planthoppers of North America This list includes all planthoppers reported from the continental United States and Canada, includ- ing those reported in error. All generic level synonymies are included, but species synonymies are only included since the Metcalf (1936-1958) catalogues, unless required for clarity of nomenclatural status. Generic type species are provided in original combination. For each species, the page number of the Metcalf catalog entry is provided in square brackets following the valid name. Taxa are listed alpha- betically within higher categories. The classification adopted is the most recent available. US states are abbreviated following US postal abbreviations. The provinces of Canada are abbreviated following Maw et al. (2000). A question mark ("?") following a locality indicates the record requires verification. Taxon Range References and comments FAMILY ACANALONIIDAE Acanaloniinae Amyot & Serville, 1843 Acanaloniini Amyot & Serville, 1843 Acanalonin Spinola, 1839 (Type species Acanalonia servillei Spinola, 1839). = Acanonia Amyot & Serville, 1843 (Type species Acanalonia servillei Spinola, 1839); replacement name for Acanalonia Spinola, 1839. = Amphiscepa Glover, 1878 [nec Germar 1830] (Type species Flata bivittata Say, 1825); syn. by Stal 1862a: 311 (misattributed to Say, 1825 by Melichar 1906: 215; see e.g., Van Duzee 1917: 750). = Acalonia, missp. Kramer 1950: 10, 80. = Chlorochara Stal, 1869a (Type species Cicada vivida Fabricius 1775); syn. by Caldwell & Martorell 1951: 261-262 (Type species moved to Acanalonia). bivittata (Say, 1825) [Metcalf 1954b: 11] = Flata bivittata Say, 1825: 335. = Amphiscepa bivittata (Say, 1825); comb, by Melichar 1901a: 183. = Acanonia bivittata (Say, 1825); comb, by Stal 1862a: 491. = Acanalonia bivittata (Say, 1825); comb, by Metcalf 1923: 151. = Amphiscepa bivittata rubescens Melichar, 1901a: 183. = Acanalonia bivittata var. rubescens (Melichar, 1901a); comb, by Van Duzee 1916a: 81. = Acanalonia bivittata var. rubescens (Melichar, 1901a); new synonymy. clypeata Van Duzee, 1908 [Metcalf 1954b: 19] USA: AL, AR, AZ, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, WI, WV; CAN: ON; Mexico (Coahuila, Morelos, Sinaloa) Doering 1932, Metcalf 1954b, Nixon & McPherson 1977, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c, 1981b; Weber & Wilson 1981, Wilson et al. 1993, Freund & Wilson 1995, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006, Halbert et al. 2007, Bartlett et al. 2011 USA: AZ, CA, NV, UT Doering 1932, Metcalf 1954b, Ward et al. 1977, Freund & Wilson 1995 concinnula Fowler, 1900 [Metcalf 1954b: 20] USA: AZ, FL?, TX; Mexico (Guerrero, Doering 1932, Metcalf Jalisco, Puebla) 1954b, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Freund & Wilson 1995, Halbert et al. 2007 Continued 76 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES conica (Say, 1830) [Metcalf 1954b: 21] = Flata conica Say, 1830: 238. = Acanonia conica (Say, 1830); comb, by Schaum 1850: 71. = Poeciloptera (?) conica (Say, 1830); comb, by Walker 1852: 1140. = Chlorochara conica (Say, 1830); comb, by Chittenden 1900: 98. = Acanalonia conica (Say, 1830); comb, by Melichar 1901a: 184, 189. = Acanalonia panimae Fowler, 1900: 47; syn. by Melichar 1901a: 189. USA: AL, AR, AZ, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, MI, MO, MS, NC, NE, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA; CAN: ON (reported probably in error: Guatemala) Palearctic: Italy (adventive) Doering 1932, Metcalf 1954b, Nixon & McPherson 1977, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, c, 1981a, b; Pechuman & Wheeler, 1981, Weber & Wilson 1981, Freund & Wilson 1995, Maw et al. 2000, D'Urso & Uliana 2004, 2006; Halbert et al. 2007, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 excavata Van Duzee, 1933 [Metcalf 1954b: 24] USA: FL (adventive); Nicaragua Van Duzee 1933, Metcalf 1954b, Halbert et al. 2007 fasciata Metcalf, 1923 [Metcalf 1954b: 24] USA: AZ, CO, NM, TX, UT; Mexico (Colima, Sinaloa) Doering 1932, Metcalf 1954b, Freund & Wilson 1995 grandicella Doering, 1932 [Metcalf 1954b: 25] USA: AZ, CA Doering 1932, Metcalf 1954b, Freund & Wilson 1995 hadesensis Caldwell, 1938b [Metcalf 1954b: 25] USA: TX Caldwell 1938b, Metcalf 1954b, Ward et al. 1977, Freund & Wilson 1995 immaculata (Kirkaldy, 1907b) [Metcalf 1954b: 25, Amphiscepa ] USA: AZ; Mexico (Veracruz) Doering 1932, Metcalf 1954b, Freund & Wilson 1995 invenusta Doering, 1932 [Metcalf 1954b: 26] USA: NM, TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Nuevo Leon) Doering 1932, Metcalf 1954b, Ward et al. 1977, Freund & Wilson 1995 laticosta Doering, 1932 [Metcalf 1954b: 27] USA: NM, TX Doering 1932, Metcalf 1954b, Ward et al. 1977, Freund & Wilson 1995 mollicula Van Duzee, 1914 [Metcalf 1954b: 28] USA: AZ, CA, NV, UT Doering 1932, Metcalf 1954b, Freund & Wilson 1995 parva Doering, 1932 [Metcalf 1954b: 29] USA: NM, TX Doering 1932, Metcalf 1954b, Freund & Wilson 1995 planata Ball, 1933b [Metcalf 1954b: 29] USA: TX Metcalf 1954b, Freund & Wilson 1995 pumila (Van Duzee, 1908) [Metcalf 1954b: 30, Amphiscepa] USA: FL, NC, TX; Bahama Islands (North Bimini, South Bimini); Belize, Bermuda; Cuba (inc. Isla de Pinos); Puerto Rico (Mona Island); Mexico (Quintana Roo); Dominican Republic Doering 1932, Ramos 1947, Metcalf 1954b, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wheeler & Hoebeke 1982, Wilson & Hilburn 1991, Halbert et al. 2007, Freund & Wilson 1995 saltonia Ball, 1933b [Metcalf 1954b: 31] USA: AZ, CA, NM, UT Metcalf 1954b, Freund & Wilson 1995 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 77 servillei Spinola, 1839 [Metcalf 1954b: 31] = Poeciloptera latifrons Walker, 1851: 457. = Acanalonia latifrons (Walker, 1851); comb, by Dozier 1928: 108. = Acanalonia latifrons (Walker, 1851); syn. by Ball 1933b: 149; see also Fennah 1971a: 334-336. = Acanalonia complanata (Walker, 1851: 461); syn. by Fennah 1971a: 334-336. USA: AL, FL, GA, LA, MD, MS, NC, NY, PA, SC, VA (doubtful records: Bahama, Brazil, Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Vincent) Doering 1932, Metcalf 1954b, Fennah 1971a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Freund & Wilson 1995, Lago & Testa 2000, Halbert et al. 2007, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 (Neotropical records in doubt) similis Doering, 1932 [Metcalf 1954b: 34] USA: AZ, NM, TX Doering 1932, Metcalf 1954b, Freund & Wilson 1995 virescens Stal, 1864a [Metcalf 1954b: 37] USA: FL, TX; Costa Rica; Guatemala; Mexico (Quintana Roo, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Panama Doering 1932, Metcalf 1954b, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Freund & Wilson 1995, Halbert et al. 2007; Philatis Stal, 1862c (Type species Mycterodus productus Stal, 1859). = Euthiscia Van Duzee, 1923 (Type species Euthiscia signata Van Duzee, 1923); syn. by Gnezdilov 2012: 645. = Galapagosana Distant, 1909 (Type species Issus rostrifer Butler, 1877); syn. by Gnezdilov 2012: 645. tuberculata (Van Duzee, 1923) [Metcalf 1958: 212] = Euthiscia tuberculata Van Duzee, 1923: 193-194. = Philatis tuberculata (Van Duzee, 1923); comb, by Gnezdilov 2012: 646. USA: AZ, CA; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Isla Monserrate) Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 FAMILY ACHILIDAE Achilinae Stal, 1866 Achilini Stal, 1866 = Elidipterini Fennah 1950a; syn. by Emeljanov 1992: 53. Uniptera Ball, 1933a (Type species Uniptera ampliata Ball, 1933a). ampliata Ball, 1933a [Metcalf 1948: 45] Myconini Fennah, 1950a USA: CA Metcalf 1948 Cixidia Fieber, 1866a (Type species Cicada confinis Zetterstedt, 1828). = Epiptera Metcalf, 1922; status (subgenus) by Anufriev 1969: 173-174 (Type species Fiata opaca Say, 1830). Subgenus Epiptera Metcalf, 1922 brittoni (Metcalf, 1923) [Metcalf 1948: 48] = Epiptera brittoni Metcalf, 1923: 175. = Cixidia (Epiptera) brittoni (Metcalf, 1923); comb, by implication Anufriev 1969: 173-174. USA: CT, NC, NY, PA, RI; CAN: BC, MB, NB, ON, QC, SK Metcalf 1948, Beirne 1950b, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wheeler & Wilson 1996, Maw et al. 2000 Continued 78 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES colorata (Van Duzee, 1908) [Metcalf 1948: 48] = Helicoptera colorata Van Duzee, 1908: 476. = Elidiptera colorata (Van Duzee, 1908); comb, by Van Duzee 1910b: 262. = Epiptera colorata (Van Duzee, 1908); comb, by Metcalf 1923: 264. = Cixidia (Epiptera) colorata (Van Duzee, 1908); comb, by implication Anufriev 1969: 173-174. confusa (Beirne, 1950b) = Helicoptera pallida Van Duzee, 1908 (nec Say, 1830). = Epiptera pallida (Van Duzee, 1908) (nec Say, 1830); comb, by Metcalf 1923: 264. = Epiptera confusa Beirne, 1950b: 189; replacement name for Helicoptera pallida Van Duzee, 1908 (nec Say, 1830). = Cixidia (Epiptera) confusa (Beirne, 1950b); comb, by implication Anufriev 1969: 173-174. fusca (Walker, 1851) [Metcalf 1948: 44] = Monopsis fusca Walker, 1851: 326. = Helicoptera fusca (Walker, 1851); comb, by Van Duzee 1908: 476. = Elidiptera fusca (Walker, 1851); comb, by Metcalf 1948: 44. = Epiptera fusca (Walker, 1851); comb, by Fennah 1950a: 20. = Epiptera floriclae (Walker, 1851); syn. by Fennah 1950a: 20. = Cixidia (Epiptera) fusca (Walker, 1851); comb, by implication Anufriev 1969: 173-174; also Bartlett et al. 2011: 5, 11. fusiformis (Van Duzee, 1910b) [Metcalf 1948: 49] = Elidiptera fusiformis Van Duzee, 1910b: 82. = Epiptera fusiformis (Van Duzee, 1910b); comb, by Metcalf 1948: 49. = Cixidia (Epiptera) fusiformis (Van Duzee, 1910b); comb, by implication Anufriev 1969: 173-174. henshawi (Van Duzee, 1910b) [Metcalf 1948: 50] = Elidiptera henshawi Van Duzee, 1910b: 83. = Epiptera henshawi (Van Duzee, 1910b); comb, by Downes 1927: 21. = Cixidia (Epiptera) henshawi (Van Duzee, 1910b); comb, by implication Anufriev 1969: 173-174. manitobiana (Beirne, 1950b) = Epiptera manitobiana Beirne, 1950b: 187. = Cixidia (Epiptera) manitobiana (Beirne, 1950b); comb, by implication Anufriev 1969: 173-174. USA: ME, NY, VA, WI USA: MA, ME, MN, MS; CAN: AB, BC, LB, MB, NB, ON, QC, SK, YK USA: AL, CO, DC, DE, FL, GA, LA, MD, MN, MS, NC, NJ, NM, NY, PA, RI, TX, VA, WI; CAN: ON, QC; Puerto Rico? USA: CA, OR, WA; CAN: BC USA: CA, CO, ID, MT, NV, OR, WA; CAN: AB, BC USA: CA; CAN: AB, BC, MB, NB, QC, SK, YK Metcalf 1948, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Beirne 1950b, Kontkanen 1958, Maw et al. 2000 Metcalf 1948, Beirne 1950b, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Hepburn 1967, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1948, Beirne 1950b, Maw et al. 2000 Metcalf 1948, Beirne 1950b, Maw et al. 2000 Beirne 1950b, Maw et al. 2000 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 79 opaca (Say, 1830) [Metcalf 1948: 53] = Plata opaca Say, 1830: 239. = Elidiptera opaca (Say, 1830); comb, by Glover 1878: 1; Moore 1950a: 255; b: 30. = Helicoptera opaca (Say, 1830); comb, by Uhler 1884: 239. = Epiptera opaca (Say, 1830); comb, by Metcalf 1922: 263. = Cixidia (Epiptera) opaca (Say, 1830); comb, by implication Anufriev 1969: 173-174; also Bartlett et al. 2011: 5, 11. USA: DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, MA, MD, MN?, MO, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, VA; CAN: BC, ON, QC Metcalf 1948, Beirne 1950b, Moore 1950a, b; Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Wilson 1983, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 pallida (Say, 1830) [Metcalf 1948: 55] USA: CA, DC, FL, LA, MS, NC, NH, NJ, = Plata pallida Say, 1830: 240. NY, PA; CAN: AB, BC, LB, MB, NT, ON, = Helicoptera pallida (Say, 1830); comb, by Van QC, SK, YK Duzee 1890: 389. = Elidiptera pallida (Say, 1830); comb, by Smith 1910: 95; Moore 1950a: 255; b: 30. = Epiptera pallida (Say, 1830); comb, by Metcalf 1922: 263. = Cixidia (Epiptera) pallida (Say, 1830); comb, by implication Anufriev 1969: 173-174; also Bartlett et al. 2011: 11. Metcalf 1948, Beirne 1950b, Moore 1950a, b; Strickland 1953, Kontkanen 1958, Weber & Wilson 1981, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 septentrionalis (Provancher, 1889) [Metcalf 1948: 56] = Helicoptera septentrionalis Provancher, 1889: 220. = Elidiptera septentrionalis (Provancher, 1889); comb, by Smith 1910: 95; Moore 1950a: 255; b: 30. = Epiptera septentrionalis (Provancher, 1889); comb, by Metcalf 1922: 263. = Cixidia (Epiptera) septentrionalis (Provancher, 1889); comb, by implication Anufriev 1969: 173-174; also Bartlett et al. 2011: 11. USA: DC, ME, MN, NH, NJ, NY, PA, WI; CAN: AB, BC, LB, MB, NB, ON, QC, SK Metcalf 1948, Beirne 1950b, Moore 1950a, b; Strickland 1953, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1948 Osborn 1922, Metcalf 1948, Beirne 1950b, Moore 1950a, b; Hepburn 1967, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000 Metcalf 1922: 263. = Elidiptera slossini (Van Duzee, 1908); comb, and missp. by Moore 1950a: 255; b: 30. = Epiptera slossonae (Van Duzee, 1908); emendation by Maw et al. 2000: 81. = Cixidia (Epiptera) slossonae (Van Duzee, 1908); comb, by implication Anufriev 1969: 173-174. shoshone (Ball, 1933a) [Metcalf 1948: 57] USA: AZ, ID, NM, WY = Epiptera shoshone Ball, 1933a: 133. = Cixidia (Epiptera) shoshone (Ball, 1933a); comb, by implication Anufriev 1969: 173-174. slossonae (Van Duzee, 1908) [Metcalf 1948: 57] USA: AK, ME, MN, NH, NY; CAN: BC?, = Helicoptera slossoni Van Duzee, 1908: 478. NT?, ON, QC = Elidiptera slossoni (Van Duzee, 1908); comb, by Van Duzee 1910b: 262. = Epiptera slossoni (Van Duzee, 1908); comb, by Continued 80 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES variegata (Van Duzee, 1908) [Metcalf 1948: 58] = Helicoptera variegata Van Duzee, 1908: 479. = Elidiptera variegata (Van Duzee, 1908); comb, by Smith 1910: 95. = Epiptera variegata (Van Duzee, 1908); comb, by Metcalf 1922: 263. = Cixidia (Epiptera) variegata (Van Duzee, 1908); comb, by implication Anufriev 1969: 173-174; also Bartlett et al. 2011: 5, 11. woodworthi (Van Duzee, 1916b) [Metcalf 1948: 58] = Elidiptera woodworthi Van Duzee, 1916b: 245. = Epiptera woodworthi (Van Duzee, 1916b); comb, by Ball 1933: 133. = Cixidia (Epiptera) woodworthi (Van Duzee, 1916b); comb, by implication Anufriev 1969: 173-174. Plectoderini Fennah, 1950a Catonia Uhler, 1895 (Type species Flata nava Say 1830). arbutina Ball, 1933a [Metcalf 1948: 26] bicinctura Van Duzee, 1915 [Metcalf 1948: 26] Carolina Metcalf, 1923 [Metcalf 1948: 26] cinctifrons (Fitch, 1856) [Metcalf 1948: 27, Cixius] lunata Metcalf, 1923 [Metcalf 1948: 31] nava (Say, 1830) [Metcalf 1948: 32, Flata ] = Catonia nava bifasciata Metcalf, 1948: 33; new synonymy. picta Van Duzee, 1908 [Metcalf 1948: 34] USA: AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, IL, LA, MA, MD, ME, MN, MO, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA; CAN: NB, ON, QC USA: AK, CA, ID, OR, W Y; CAN: YK USA: AZ USA: AL, FL, GA, LA, MA, ME, MI, MO, MS, NC, NH, NJ, OH, SC, TN, TX USA: AL, AR, DC, DE, FL, GA, IL, KS, LA, MD, MO, NC, NJ, OH, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA USA: CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, MA, MD, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WV USA: AL, CT, DC, FL, GA, KS, IL, LA, MA, MD, MO, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, SC, TX, VA; CAN: ON USA: AR, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, LA, MD, MO, MS, NC, NE, NY, OH, PA, TN, TX, VA; CAN: ON USA: AL, CT, DE, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, NJ, NY, TX, VA pini Metcalf, 1923 [Metcalf 1948: 34] USA: FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, NJ Proctor 1946, Metcalf 1948, Beirne 1950b, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Wheeler & Wilson 1996, Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1948, Liang & O'Brien 2002 Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971 Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Weber & Wilson 1981, Benton & McCreadie 2009 Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Gonzon et al. 2006, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Wheeler & Wilson 1996, Gonzon et al. 2006, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Weber & Wilson 1981, Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Weber & Wilson 1981, Wheeler & Wilson 1996, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971, Wilson & McPherson 1980b BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 81 pumila Van Duzee, 1908 [Metcalf 1948: 34] USA: AL, CT, DC, DE, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, LA, MA, MD, MN, MO, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, VA texana O'Brien, 1971 USA: TX Juniperthia O'Brien, 1985 (Type species Catonia succinea Van Duzee, 1916b); replacement name for preoccupied Juniperia O'Brien, 1971 (nec Linnavuori 1965). = Juniperia O'Brien, 1971 (nec Linnavuori 1965); syn. by O'Brien 1985. imiella (Ball, 1933a) [Metcalf 1948: 31] USA: CA, NV = Catonia imiella Ball, 1933a: 136. = Juniperia indella (Ball, 1933a); comb, by O'Brien 1971: 61-62. = Juniperthia indella (Ball, 1933a); comb, by implication O'Brien 1985: 657. majuscula (Van Duzee, 1912a) [Metcalf 1948: 32] USA: AZ, CA = Catonia majuscula Van Duzee, 1912a: 492. = Juniperia majuscula (Van Duzee, 1912a); comb, by O'Brien 1971. = Juniperthia majuscula (Van Duzee, 1912a); comb, by implication O'Brien 1985: 657. producta (Van Duzee, 1915) [Metcalf 1948: 34] = Catonia producta Van Duzee, 1915. = Juniperia producta (Van Duzee, 1915); comb, by O'Brien 1971: 58-59. = Juniperthia producta (Van Duzee, 1915); comb, by implication O'Brien 1985: 657. succinea (Van Duzee, 1916b) [Metcalf 1948: 35] = Catonia succinea Van Duzee, 1916b: 247. = Juniperia succinea (Van Duzee, 1916b); comb, by O'Brien 1971: 59-60. = Juniperthia succinea (Van Duzee, 1916b); comb, by implication O'Brien 1985: 657. unimaculata (O'Brien, 1971) = Juniperia unimaculata O'Brien, 1971. = Juniperthia unimaculata (O'Brien, 1971); comb, by implication O'Brien 1985: 657. Momar Fennah, 1950a (Type species Plectoderes lineatocollis Fowler, 1904). fumidus (Ball, 1933a) [Metcalf 1948: 29] = Catonia fumida Ball, 1933a: 135. = Momar fumidus (Ball, 1933a); comb, by O'Brien 1971: 55-56. maculifrons (Van Duzee, 1912a) [Metcalf 1948: 32] = Catonia maculifrons Van Duzee, 1912a: 491. = Momar maculifrons (Van Duzee, 1912a); comb, by O'Brien 1971: 53-55. Opsiplanon Fennah, 1945a (Type species Opsiplanon ornatifrons Fennah, 1945a). USA: CA USA: CA, NE USA: CA USA: AZ, CA; Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua) USA: AZ, NM, TX, UT; Mexico (Chihuahua) Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Weber & Wilson 1981, Wilson et al. 1993, Wheeler & Wilson 1996, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 O'Brien 1971 Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971 Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971 Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971 Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971 O'Brien 1971 Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971 Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971 Continued 82 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES luellus (Metcalf, 1923) [Metcalf 1948: 31] USA: FL, GA, KS, MS, NC, SC, TX = Catonia luella Metcalf, 1923: 177. = Opsiplanon luellus (Metcalf, 1923); comb, by O'Brien 1971: 27-28. Synecdoche O'Brien, 1971 (Type species Catonia grisea Van Duzee, 1908). albicosta (Van Duzee, 1917a) [Metcalf 1948: 25] USA: CA = Catonia albicosta Van Duzee, 1917a: 306. = Synecdoche albicosta (Van Duzee, 1917a); comb, by O'Brien 1971: 30-31. autumnalis O'Brien, 1971 USA: CA bifoveata O'Brien, 1971 USA: CA cara (Van Duzee, 1910a) [Metcalf 1948: 26] USA: CA = Catonia cara Van Duzee, 1910a: 86. = Synecdoche cara (Van Duzee, 1910a); comb, by O'Brien 1971: 37-38. clara (Van Duzee, 1917a) [Metcalf 1948: 28] USA: CA = Catonia clara Van Duzee, 1917a: 306. = Synecdoche clara (Van Duzee, 1917a); comb, by O'Brien 1971: 44-45. constellata (Ball, 1933a) [Metcalf 1948: 28] USA: CA, WA; CAN: BC = Catonia constellata Ball, 1933a: 137. = Synecdoche constellata (Ball, 1933a); comb, by O'Brien 1971: 38-39. Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971 O'Brien 1971 O'Brien 1971 Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971 Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971 Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971, Maw et al. 2000 costata (Van Duzee, 1910a) [Metcalf 1948: 28] USA: CA; Mexico (Baja California) = Catonia costata Van Duzee, 1910a: 86. = Synecdoche costata (Van Duzee, 1910a); comb, by O'Brien 1971: 31-32. dimidiata (Van Duzee, 1910a) [Metcalf 1948: 28] USA: CT, FL, GA, MD, ME, NC, NH, NJ, = Catonia dimidiata Van Duzee, 1910a: 46. NY, OH, PA, RI, VA, WV; CAN: ON, = Synecdoche dimidiata (Van Duzee, 1910a); NS, QC comb, by O'Brien 1971: 49. flavicosta O'Brien, 1971 USA: CA fusca (Van Duzee, 1908) [Metcalf 1948: 29] USA: CA = Catonia fusca Van Duzee, 1908: 481. = Synecdoche fusca (Van Duzee, 1908); comb, by O'Brien 1971: 46-47. Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971 Proctor 1946, Metcalf 1948, Moore 1950a, b; O'Brien 1971, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wheeler & Wilson 1996, Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006, Bartlett et al. 2011 O'Brien 1971 Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971 grisea (Van Duzee, 1908) [Metcalf 1948: 29] = Catonia grisea Van Duzee, 1908: 482. = Synecdoche grisea (Van Duzee, 1908); comb, by O'Brien 1971:43-44. USA: CT, IA, IL, IN, KY, LA, MD, MI, NC, Metcalf 1948, Moore 1950a, NY, OH, PA, TN, VA; CAN: ON, QC b; O'Brien 1971, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006, Bartlett et al. 2011 helenae (Van Duzee, 1918) [Metcalf 1948: 29] USA: CA Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971 = Catonia helenae Van Duzee, 1918: 306. = Synecdoche helenae (Van Duzee, 1918); comb, by O'Brien 1971: 50-51. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 83 impunctata (Fitch, 1851) [Metcalf 1948: 30] = Cixius impunctatus Fitch, 1851: 46. = Catonia impunctata (Fitch, 1851); comb, by Van Duzee 1908: 480. = Synecdoche impunctata (Fitch, 1851); comb, by O'Brien 1971: 49-50. = Synecdoche impunctatus (Fitch, 1851); unjustified emendation by Poole & Gentili 1997: 260. USA: CT, DC, DE, GA, IA, 1L, IN, MA, MD, ME, MI, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, Rl, TN, VA, WV; CAN: ON, QC Metcalf 1948, Moore 1950a, b; O'Brien 1971, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Weber & Wilson 1981, Wheeler & Wilson 1996, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006, Bartlett et al. 2011 irrorata (Van Duzee, 1914) [Metcalf 1948: 31] = Catonia irrorata Van Duzee, 1914: 35. = Synecdoche irrorata (Van Duzee, 1914); comb, by O'Brien 1971: 47-48. USA: CA; Mexico (Baja California) Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971 necopina (Van Duzee, 1918) [Metcalf 1948: 33] = Catonia necopina Van Duzee, 1918: 307. = Synecdoche necopina (Van Duzee, 1918); comb, by O'Brien 1971: 32-33. USA: CA; Mexico (Baja California) Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971 nemoralis (Van Duzee, 1916b) [Metcalf 1948: 33] = Catonia nemoralis Van Duzee, 1916b: 246. = Synecdoche nemoralis (Van Duzee, 1916b); comb, by O'Brien 1971: 39-43. USA: AZ, CA, CO, NV, OR, UT, WA; CAN: BC Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971, Maw et al. 2000 nervata (Van Duzee, 1910b) [Metcalf 1948: 33] = Catonia nervata Van Duzee, 1910b: 265. = Synecdoche nervata (Van Duzee, 1910b); comb, by O'Brien 1971: 34. USA: CA Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971 ocellata O'Brien, 1971 USA: CA O'Brien 1971 pseudonervata O'Brien, 1971 USA: CA; Mexico (Baja California) O'Brien 1971 rubella (Van Duzee, 1910b) [Metcalf 1948: 35] = Catonia rubella Van Duzee, 1910b: 262. = Synecdoche rubella (Van Duzee, 1910b); comb, by O'Brien 1971: 35-37. USA: CA, OR Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971 tricolor O'Brien, 1971 USA: AZ O'Brien 1971 Xerbus O'Brien, 1971 (Type species Catonia brunella Ball, 1933a). brunnellus (Ball, 1933a) [Metcalf 1948: 26] = Catonia brunnella Ball, 1933a: 137. = Xerbus brunnellus (Ball, 1933a); comb, by O'Brien 1971: 52. USA: AZ Metcalf 1948, O'Brien 1971 FAMILY CALISCELIDAE Caliscelinae Amyot & Serville, 1843 Caliscelini Amyot & Serville, 1843 Aphelonema Uhler, 1876 (Type species Aphelonema simplex Uhler, 1876). = Peltonotus Mulsant & Rey 1855 (nec Burmeister 1847) (Type species Peltonotus raniformis Mulsant & Rey 1855). = Peltonotellus Puton 1886; replacement name for unavailable Peltonotus Mulsant & Rey 1855 (nec Burmeister 1847); syn. by Melichar 1906: 36, 53; removed from syn. and redefined by Emeljanov 1996c: 994. = Mushy a Kato, 1933 (Type species Mushya quadrivittata Kato, 1933); syn. by Chan & Yang 1994: 8. Continued 84 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Subgenus Aphelonema Uhler, 1876 decorata (Van Duzee, 1908) [Metcalf 1958: 76, Peltonotelhis] simplex Uhler, 1876 [Metcalf 1958: 86] = Aphelonema simplex var. simplex Uhler, 1876: 356; status by Ball 1926: 242. = Aphelonema rosa Metcalf, 1923: 188; syn. by Doering 1941: 190. simplex var. dorsata Ball, 1926 [Metcalf 1958: 87] Subgenus Nenema Emeljanov 1996 (Type species Peltonotelhis bivittatus Ball 1902b) bivittata (Ball, 1902b) [Metcalf 1958: 74] = Peltonotelhis bivittatus Ball 1902b: 263; also Maw et al. 2000: 82. = Aphelonema bivittata (Ball, 1902b); comb, by Van Duzee 1916a: 80. concinna Doering, 1941 [Metcalf 1958: 75] confragosa Doering, 1941 [Metcalf 1958: 75] convergens Bunn, 1930 [Metcalf 1958: 75] convergens var. canyonensia Bunn, 1930 [Metcalf 1958: 76] histrionica (Stal, 1862a) [Metcalf 1958: 77] = Peltonotus histrionicus Stal, 1862a: 310. = Peltonotelhis histrionicus (Stal, 1862a); comb, by Ball 1902b: 263; also Maw et al. 2000: 82. = Aphelonema histrionica (Stal, 1862a); comb, by Van Duzee 1916a: 80. histrionica var. giffardi Van Duzee, 1917a [Metcalf 1958: 79] rugosa (Ball, 1902b) [Metcalf 1958: 84] = Peltonotelhis rugosus Ball, 1902b: 263; Maw et al. 2000: 82. = Aphelonema rugosa (Ball, 1902b); comb, by Kirkaldy 1913: 25-26. virgata Doering, 1941 [Metcalf 1958: 88] Subgenus Protrocha Emeljanov 1996 (Type species Aphelonema orbiculata Ball, 1935a). impercepta Doering, 1941 [Metcalf 1958: 79] minuta Bunn, 1930 [Metcalf 1958: 80] nigriviridia Ball, 1926 [Metcalf 1958: 80] obscura Van Duzee, 1912a [Metcalf 1958: 80] orbiculata Ball, 1935a [Metcalf 1958: 81] USA: MS, NJ, SC, FL USA: AL, CO, CT, DE, FL, IA, IL, KS, MD, MI, MO, MS, NC, NE, NJ, OH, SD, TX, VA; CAN: MB, ON, SK USA: FL USA: AZ, CA, CO, IA, KS, ND, NE, NM, OK, TX; CAN: AB, SK; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Federal District) USA: NV USA: AZ, NM, NV, TX USA: AZ, CO, NM USA: AZ USA: AZ, CA, CO, IA, IL, MA, MD, MI, MN, MO, MT, NH, NM, NV, NY, OR, PA, WI; CAN: AB, BC, MB, NB, NF, NS, ON, PE, QC, SK, YK USA: CA, CO USA: AZ, CA, CO, IA, ID, KS, MN, MT, NE, NM, OK, OR, SD, TX, UT, WA, WY; CAN: AB, SK (MD record possibly in error); Belize USA: AZ, NM USA: AZ USA: AZ USA: FL USA: FL, GA, IA, KS, MS USA: NM, TX; Mexico (Federal District, Mexico, Puebla, Veracruz) Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Lago & Testa 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958, Davis & Gray 1966, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Wilson et al. 1993, Lago & Testa 2000, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958, Maw et al. 2000 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1941, Moore 1950a, b; Metcalf 1958, Kontkanen 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Wilson et al. 1993, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1958 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 85 solitaria Ball, 1935a [Metcalf 1958: 88] USA: AZ viridis Dozier, 1928 [Metcalf 1958: 88] USA: MS Bruchomorpha Newman, 1838 (Type species Bruchomorpha oculata Newman, 1838). = Bmcomorpha, missp. by Wray 1967: 30. = Embolonia Provancher, 1889 (Type species Embolonia tricarinata Provancher, 1889: syn. by Van Duzee 1912b: 327 ( Embolonia tricarinata jr. syn. of Bruchomorpha oculata Newman, 1838). abrupta Ball, 1935b [Metcalf 1958: 51] USA: CO, FL, GA, NM, OK, TX beameri Doering, 1939 [Metcalf 1958: 52] USA: AZ, CA, CO, MT, ND, WA; CAN: AB, BC, MB, SK bunni Doering, 1939 [Metcalf 1958: 52] USA: AZ, NM Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wilson & Wheeler 2010 Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958, Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton 2002b Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & Wheeler 2010 decorata Metcalf, 1923 [Metcalf 1958: 52] = Bruchomorpha decorata decorata Metcalf, 1923; status by Caldwell 1945: 94. dorsata Fitch, 1856 [Metcalf 1958: 53] USA: AZ, TX: Mexico (Federal District, Morelia, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas) USA: AR, CA, CO, CT, GA, IA, IL, KS, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, SD, TX, WI; CAN: BC, MB, ON, SK (also "Dakota") Doering 1939, Caldwell 1945, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Wilson et al. 1993, Maw et al. 2000, Bouchard et al. 2001, Wilson & Wheeler 2010, Bartlett et al. 2011 extensa Ball, 1935b [Metcalf 1958: 55] USA: AZ, CA, ID, KS, NC?, NM, OK, TX, Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 UT jocosa Stal, 1862a [Metcalf 1958: 55] USA: DC, FL, IA, IL, KS, KY, MO, MS, NC, NE, NJ, OK, SC, TX, VA, WI; CAN: MB, SK Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Wilson et al. 1993, Maw et al. 2000, Wilson & Wheeler 2010, Bartlett et al. 2011 jocosa var. craniata Ball, 1935b [Metcalf 1958: 56] jocosa var. obscura Ball, 1935b [Metcalf 1958: 57] keidensia Doering, 1939 [Metcalf 1958: 57] USA: IA, KS, NE, WI USA: DC, FL, MS, NJ, VA CAN: AB, MB, SK Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958, Maw et al. 2000 minima Metcalf, 1923 [Metcalf 1958: 57] USA: FL, GA, MS, NC Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958, Wray 1967, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Gonzon et al. 2006 mormo Kirkaldy, 1907b [Metcalf 1958: 58] USA: AZ, TX (reported in error: USA: NC) Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980b nodosa Doering, 1939 [Metcalf 1958: 58] USA: AZ, KS, LA, NE, OK, TX Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wilson & Wheeler 2010 Continued 86 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES oculata Newman, 1838 [Metcalf 1958: 59] = Bruchomorpha oculata oculata Newman, 1838: 399; status by Ball 1935b: 201. = Bruchomorpha oculata nasuta Stal, 1862a: 310; status by Ball 1935b: 201. = Bruchomorpha nasuta Stal, 1862a; syn. by Doering 1939: 113-115. oculata var. nigrata Ball, 1935b [Metcalf 1958: 63] pallidipe s Stal, 1862a [Metcalf 1958: 63] rosea Doering, 1939 [Metcalf 1958: 64] rugosa Metcalf, 1923 [Metcalf 1958: 64] suturalis Melichar, 1906 [Metcalf 1958: 64] tenebrosa Doering, 1939 [Metcalf 1958: 65] tristis Stal, 1862a [Metcalf 1958: 65] triunata Ball, 1935b [Metcalf 1958: 67] vittata Metcalf, 1923 [Metcalf 1958: 67] Caliscelis Laporte de Castelnau, 1833 (Type species Caliscelis heterodoxa Laporte de Castelnau, 1833; jr. syn. of Fidgora bonellii Latreille, 1807). = Caloscelis Burmeister, 1835; replacement name for Caliscelis Laporte de Castelnau, 1833). = Phyllocnemis Schaum, 1850 (Type species Caloscelis stemmalis Burmeister, 1835); syn. with Caloscelis Burmeister 1835 by Marschall 1873: 377. = Mejonosoma Costa, 1834 (Type species Mejonosoma grisea Costa, 1834; jr. syn. of Fulgora bonellii Latreille, 1807); syn. by Puton 1883: 287. USA: AR, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, VT, WI; CAN: ON, PE, QC USA: FL USA: AL, CO, DC, DE, FL, IL, KS, LA, MD, MO, MS, NJ, OH, NC, SC, VA USA: AZ, NM, TX USA: AZ, TX USA: AZ, CA, CO, NM, OK, TX (NC, FL, MS records in error) USA: FL USA: AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, FL, IA, IL, IN, KS, LA, MN, MT, NC, NE, NJ, NY, OH, OR, TX, WA, WI; CAN: AB, MB, ON, SK USA: AZ USA: TX bonellii (Latreille, 1807) [Metcalf 1958: 29, Fulgora] USA: CA (adventive); Palearctic (Mediterranean region; Austria, Croatia, France, Herzegovina, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Russia, Sardinia, Serbia, Sicily, Spain) Doering 1939, Proctor 1946, Moore 1950a, b; Metcalf 1958, Kontkanen 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c, 1981c; Weber & Wilson 1981, Wilson et al. 1993, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006, Wilson & Wheeler 2010, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1958 Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Wilson et al. 1993, Bartlett et al. 2011 Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Weber & Wilson 1981, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 Metcalf 1958, O'Brien 1967, 1988a, Holzinger et al. 2003, Wilson 2005 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 87 Fitchiella Van Duzee, 1917b (Type species Naso robertsonii Fitch, 1856) (replacement name for unavailable Naso Fitch 1856) = Naso Fitch, 1856 (nec La Cepede, 1801) (Type species Naso robertsoni Fitch, 1856) albifrons Lawson, 1933 [Metcalf 1958: 44] fitchii (Melichar, 1906) [Metcalf 1958: 44, Naso] grandis Lawson, 1933 [Metcalf 1958: 45] mediana Lawson, 1933 [Metcalf 1958: 45] melichari (Ball, 1910) [Metcalf 1958: 45, Naso] minor Lawson, 1933 [Metcalf 1958: 46] robertsonii (Fitch, 1856) [Metcalf 1958: 46, Naso] rufipes Lawson, 1933 [Metcalf 1958: 47] Ommatidiotini Fieber, 1875 Asarcopus Horvath, 1921 (Type species Asarcopus palmarum Horvath, 1921). palmarum Horvath, 1921 [Metcalf 1958: 115] Papagona Ball, 1935a (Type species Papagona papoosa Ball, 1935a). papoosa Ball, 1935a [Metcalf 1958: 116] succinea Ball, 1935a [Metcalf 1958: 116] USA: AZ, TX USA: CO, KS USA: AZ USA: AZ, CA USA: AZ USA: AZ USA: AR, FL, IL, IN, KS, MD, MN, MO, MS, NE, NY, OH, OK, PA, TX, WI; CAN: ON Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Maw et al. 2000, Bess 2005, Bartlett et al. 2011 USA: AZ, CA, NM, NV, TX, UT; Mexico (Chihuahua) Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & Wheeler 2010 USA: CA (adventive) Metcalf 1958, Linnavuori Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Israel, Mali, Sudan 1973, O'Brien 1988a, Wilson 2005, Gnezdilov & Bourgoin 2009 USA: AZ USA: AZ Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 FAMILY CIXIIDAE Bothriocerinae Muir, 1923 Bothriocerini Muir, 1923 Bothriocera Burmeister, 1835 (Type species Bothriocera tinealis Burmeister, 1835). =Adana Stal, 1856 (Type species Adana loestwoodi Stal, 1856); syn. by Stal 1864a: 50 (moved to Bothriocera ); see Fowler 1904: 82 (conspecific with Bothriocera tinealis). bicornis (Fabricius, 1803) [Metcalf 1936: 246, Issus] Brazil, Trinidad (reported in error: USA: MD, FL, MS, NC, NJ, TX, NC, MS, FL; Cuba, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent) cognita Caldwell, 1943 USA: AL, DE, FL, IL, MD, MO, MS, NJ, OK, PA, TX, VA Metcalf 1936, Fennah 1971a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Kramer, 1983, Bartlett et al. 2011 (US records in error Kramer, 1983; West indies records in error Fennah 1971a) Caldwell 1943, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Kramer 1983, Bartlett et al. 2011 Continued 88 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES datum Kramer, 1983 drakei Metcalf, 1923 [Metcalf 1936: 247] = Bothriocera tinealis floridana Dozier, 1928: 56; syn. by Kramer 1983: 26 (not listed as new). furcata Caldwell, 1943 knulli Caldwell, 1943 maculata Caldwell, 1943 otnani Kramer, 1983 signoreti Stal, 1864a [Metcalf 1936: 247] tex Kramer, 1983 tinealis Burmeister, 1835 [Metcalf 1936: 248] transversa Caldwell, 1943 turcafa Kramer, 1983 undata (Fabricius, 1803) [Metcalf 1936: 250, Issks] westwoodi (Stal, 1856) [Metcalf 1936: 249] = Adana westwoodi Stal, 1856: 163. = Bothriocera westwoodi (Stal, 1856); comb, by Stal 1864a: 50; also Caldwell 1943: 319. = Bothriocera tinealis westwoodi (Stal, 1856); comb, by Fowler 1904: 82; also Dozier 1928: 56; Metcalf 1936: 249. Cixiinae Spinola, 1839 Cixiini Spinola, 1839 Asotocixius Kramer, 1983 (Type species Asotocixius diopter Kramer, 1983). diopter Kramer, 1983 USA: AL, FL, LA, TX USA: DE, FL, IL, LA, MD, NC, NY, OH USA: FL, GA, MS, VA USA: AZ, TX USA: AL, DE, FL, LA, MD, MS, NC, NJ, SC, TX, VA USA: FL, SC, VA Mexico (Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacan, Nayarit, Oaxaco, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Veracruz), Cuba, St. Vincent (reported in error: USA: FL, GA, IL, MD, TX) USA: TX; Belize Brazil, Colombia, Jamaica, Guatemala, Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Veracruz) (reported in error USA: FL, NC, OH) USA: FL USA: FL Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico (Inc. Vieques Island); Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, St. Vincent) (reported in error: USA: FL, NC) Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Morelos, Veracruz), Jamaica (reported in error: USA: FL) USA: AZ, CA, NV Kramer 1983, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Metcalf 1936, Caldwell 1943, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Kramer 1983, Bartlett et al. 2011 Caldwell 1943, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Kramer 1983 Caldwell 1943, Kramer 1983 Caldwell 1943, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Kramer 1983, Lago & Testa 2000, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 Kramer 1983 Metcalf 1936, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Kramer 1983, Bartlett et al. 2011) (US records in error Kramer, 1983) Kramer 1983 (Possibly = B. westwoodi (Stal, 1856), Kramer 1983) Metcalf 1936, Caldwell 1943, Kramer 1983 (US records in error Kramer, 1983) Caldwell 1943, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Kramer 1983 Kramer 1983 Metcalf 1936, Caldwell 1943, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Miskimen & Bond 1970, Fennah 1971a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Kramer 1983 (US records in error Kramer, 1983) Metcalf 1936, Caldwell 1943, Kramer, 1983 (US records in error Kramer, 1983) Kramer 1983 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 89 Cixius Latreille, 1804 (Type species Cicada nervosa Linnaeus, 1758). = Vincentia Uhler, 1895 (nec Laporte de Castelnau, 1872; Type species Vincentia interrupta Uhler, 1895); syn. by Muir 1925a: 104; removed from syn. by Fennah 1945b: 138 (replaced with Nivcentia by Holzinger 2004). = Pseudocixius Caldwell, 1950a (Type species Pseudocixius bandarus Caldwell, 1950a); syn. by Kramer 1981a: 2. = Psudoliams, missp. and lapsus by Beirne 1950c: 93. angustatus Caldwell, 1938a apicalis Metcalf, 1923 [Metcalf 1936: 156] balli Kramer, 1981a caldwelli Kramer, 1981a chisosus Caldwell, 1938b cinctus Ball, 1937 clitellus Ball, 1937 coloepeum Fitch, 1856 [Metcalf 1936: 159] comptus Fowler, 1904 [Metcalf 1936: 160] cultus Ball, 1902a [Metcalf 1936: 160] = Cixius cultus Ball, 1902a: 151. = Pseudocixius cultus (Ball 1902a); comb, by Caldwell 1950a: 290; restored to Cixius by Kramer 1981a: 25. USA: DE, GA, IL, MD, MO, NC, OH, SC, VA; CAN: ON, QC Caldwell 1938a, Beirne 1950c, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Kramer 1981a, Bartlett et al. 2011 USA: CT, IL, NY, OH, PA; CAN: MB, NB, ON Metcalf 1936, Beirne 1950c, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Kramer 1981a, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 USA: AZ USA: OH, VA USA: TX Kramer 1981a Kramer 1981a Caldwell 1938b, Kramer 1981a USA: AZ USA: AZ Ball 1937, Kramer 1981a Ball 1937, Kramer 1981a USA: AR, CO, IA, IL, KS, MD, ME, MO, Metcalf 1936, Proctor NC, NJ, NY, OH, PA, TN, WI, WY; CAN: 1946, Moore 1950a, b; BC?, NB, ON, QC Beirne 1950c, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Kramer 1981a, Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006, Bartlett et al. 2011 USA: AZ; Mexico Metcalf 1936, Kramer 1981a USA: AZ, CA, CO, ID, KS, MT, NM, NV, Metcalf 1936, Beirne 1950c, OR, UT, WY; CAN: AB, SK Strickland 1953, Kramer 1981a, Maw et al. 2000 ephratus Ball, 1937 evexus Kramer, 1981a knulli Caldwell, 1938b krameri Tsaur, 1990 meridionalis Beirne, 1950c USA: NV, UT USA: CA USA: TX USA: CA USA: AK, MT; CAN: AB, BC, LB, MB, NT, QC, SK, YK Ball 1937, Kramer 1981a Kramer 1981a Caldwell 1938b, Kramer 1981a Tsaur 1990 Beirne 1950c, Kramer 1981a, Maw et al. 2000 Continued 90 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES misellus Van Duzee, 1916a [Metcalf 1936: 182] narke Kramer, 1981a nervosus (Linnaeus, 1758) [Metcalf 1936: 184, Cicada ] = Cixius basalis Van Duzee, 1908: 489; syn. by Beirne 1951: 315. = Cixius umbrosus Walley, 1932: 22; syn. by Kramer 1981a: 8, 10-11. nike Kramer, 1981a pini Fitch, 1851 [Metcalf 1936: 206] = Cixius guttulatus Walley, 1932: 21; syn. by Kramer 1981a: 20, 22. praecox Van Duzee, 1925 [Metcalf 1936: 207] = Cixius praecox Van Duzee, 1925: 405. = Pseudocixius praecox (Van Duzee, 1925); comb, by Caldwell 1950a: 290; restored to Cixus by Kramer 1981a: 24. procrustes Kramer, 1981a prodotes Kramer, 1981a prominens Tsaur, 1990 quebecensis Beirne, 1951 = Cixius fulvus Beirne, 1950c: 100 (nec Walker, 1858). = Cixius quebecensis Beirne, 1951: 316; replacement name for preoccupied Cixius fulvus Beirne, 1950c (nec Walker, 1858). USA: CT, GA, IA?, IL, KY, MA, ME, MI, MN, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, TN, VA, VT; CAN: AB, BC, MB, NB, NF, NS, ON, QC (reported in error: USA: CO, TX) USA: CA; CAN: BC? Widespread Holarctic Nearctic: USA: AK, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MT, NC, NH, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OR, PA, RI, SD, TN, UT, VA, VT, WA, WI; CAN: AB, BC, MB, NB, NF, NS, ON, QC, SK; Palearctic (Widespread Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia; e.g., Algeria, Austria, Belgium, China, "Czechoslovakia", Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Macedonia, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkestan) USA: CO, CT, GA, MA, ME, MI, MN, NE, NH, NY, OH, PA, VT, WI; CAN: MB, NB, NS, ON, QC USA: CT, DC, IL, IN, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, TN, VA, WV; CAN: MB, ON, QC (reported in error: USA: CO) USA: CA, CO, ID, OR, UT, WA, WY; CAN: BC USA: AR, KS USA: NC, OH USA: CA USA: ME, NY; CAN: NB, NS, ON, PE, QC Metcalf 1936, Proctor 1946, Moore 1950a, b; Beirne 1950c, Strickland 1953, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Kramer 1981a, Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006, Bartlett et al. 2011 Kramer 1981a, Maw et al. 2000 Metcalf 1936, Proctor 1946, Moore 1950a, b; Beirne 1950c, 1951; Strickland 1953, Kontkanen 1958, Ossiannilsson 1978, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Kramer 1981a, Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006, Bartlett et al. 2011 Kramer 1981a, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1936, Proctor 1946, Moore 1950a, b; Beirne 1950c, Kontkanen 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Kramer 1981a, Wheeler & Wilson 1996, Gonzon et al. 2006, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1936, Beirne 1950c, Kramer 1981a, Maw et al. 2000 Kramer 1981a Kramer 1981a Tsaur 1990 Beirne 1950c, 1951; Kramer 1981a, Wheeler & Wilson 1996, Maw et al. 2000 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 91 stigmatus (Say, 1825) [Metcalf 1936: 214] = Flata stigmata Say, 1825: 336. = Cixius stigmatus (Say, 1825); comb, by Fitch 1851: 45. = Pseudocixius stigmatus (Say, 1825); comb, by Caldwell, 1950a: 290. = Cixius stigmata (Say, 1825); restored combination and unjustified emendation by Wilson & McPherson 1980a: 8; 1980b: 27; 1980c: 27. = Cixius lepidus Van Duzee, 1910a: 87; syn. by Kramer 1981a: 18 (not listed as new). vandykei Van Duzee, 1925 [Metcalf 1936: 220] yufengi Tsaur, 1993 Microledrida Fowler, 1904 (Type species Microledrida asperata Fowler, 1904). flava Metcalf, 1923 [Metcalf 1936: 240] = [Microledrida] fulva Metcalf, 1923; lapsus by Caldwell 1944c: 252. fuscata Van Duzee, 1914 [Metcalf 1936: 240] olor Kramer, 1983 Platycixius Van Duzee, 1914 (Type species Platycixius calvus Van Duzee, 1914). calvus Van Duzee, 1914 [Metcalf 1936: 242] Stegocixius Kramer, 1983 (Type species Stegocixius lochites Kramer, 1983). lochites Kramer, 1983 Pentastirini Emeljanov, 1971 Melanoliarus Fennah, 1945b (Type species Oliarus (Melanoliarus) maidis Fennah, 1945b). = Oliarus Stal, 1862a in part (Type species Cixius ivalkeri Stal, 1859); Emeljanov 2001a (all Nearctic species moved to Melanoliarus by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122). acicus (Caldwell, 1947a) = Oliarus acicus Caldwell, 1947a: 76. = Melanoliarus acicus (Caldwell, 1947a); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. altanatus (Caldwell, 1951) = Oliarus altanatus Caldwell, 1951: 35. = Melanoliarus altanatus (Caldwell, 1951); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. altanus (Ball, 1934b) = Oliarus altanus Ball, 1934b: 276. = Melanoliarus altanus (Ball, 1934b); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. apache (Ball, 1934b) = Oliarus apache Ball, 1934b: 275. = Melanoliarus apache (Ball, 1934b); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. USA: AR, AZ, CA, CO, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, MO, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OK, PA, SD, TX, UT, VA, WI, WY; CAN: AB, SK, ON, QC USA: CA, WA USA: CA USA: TX; Mexico (Tamaulipas) USA: AZ, CA, TX; Mexico (Baja California, Sonora) USA: TX USA: AZ, CA USA: CA USA: AZ, CA, TX; Mexico (Baja California, Sinaloa, Sonora) USA: TX; Mexico (Chiapas, Jalapa, Federal District, Hidalgo, Morelos, Veracruz) USA: AZ USA: AZ, CA; Mexico (Sonora) Metcalf 1936, Moore 1950a, b; Beirne 1950c, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Kramer 1981a, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1936, Kramer 1981a Tsaur 1993 Metcalf 1936, Caldwell 1944c, Kramer 1983 Metcalf 1936, Caldwell 1944c, Kramer 1983 Kramer 1983 Metcalf 1936, Kramer 1983 Kramer 1983 Caldwell 1947a, Ward et al. 1977, Mead & Kramer 1982 Caldwell 1951, Mead & Kramer 1982 Mead & Kramer 1982 Mead & Kramer 1982 Continued 92 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES aridus (Ball, 1902a) [Metcalf 1936: 52] = Oliarus aridus Ball, 1902a: 151. = Melanoliarus aridus (Ball, 1902a); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. arizonensis (Mead & Kramer, 1982) = Oliarus arizonensis Mead & Kramer, 1982: 428-432. = Melanoliarus arizonensis (Mead & Kramer, 1982); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. bispinus (Caldwell, 1947b) = Oliarus bispinus Caldwell, 1947b: 150-151. = Melanoliarus bispinus (Caldwell, 1947b); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. caldwelli (Mead & Kramer, 1982) = Oliarus caldwelli Mead & Kramer, 1982: 523-527. = Melanoliarus caldwelli (Mead & Kramer, 1982); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. californicus (Van Duzee, 1914) [Metcalf 1936: 55] = Oliarus californicus Van Duzee, 1914: 36. = Melanoliarus californicus (Van Duzee, 1914); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. canyonensis (Mead & Kramer, 1982) = Oliarus canyonensis Mead & Kramer, 1982: 535-537. = Melanoliarus canyonensis (Mead & Kramer, 1982); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. catus (Caldwell, 1947b) = Oliarus catus Caldwell, 1947b: 147. = Melanoliarus catus (Caldwell, 1947b); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. chuliotus (Ball, 1934b) = Oliarus chuliotus Ball, 1934b: 271. = Melanoliarus chuliotus (Ball, 1934b); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. = Oliarus gladensis Caldwell, 1951: 35; syn. by Mead & Kramer 1982: 478-480. USA: AL, AR, AZ, CA, CO, GA, ID, IL, IN, KS, LA, MO, MS, MT, NC, ND, NE, NM, OH, OK, OR, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VA, WY; CAN: ON; Mexico (Durango) USA: AZ USA: OK, TX USA: NM, TX USA: CA USA: CA, NM USA: AZ USA: AL, AR, DC, DE, FL, GA, IL, KS, MS, NC, OH, SC, TN coconinus (Ball, 1934b) USA: AZ, CO, NV, TX, UT; CAN: BC = Oliarus coconinus Ball, 1934b: 274. = Melanoliarus coconinus (Ball, 1934b); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. Metcalf 1936, Beirne 1951, Ward et al. 1977, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Weber & Wilson 1981, Mead & Kramer 1982, Wilson et al. 1993,Maw et al. 2000 Mead & Kramer 1982 Caldwell 1947b, Mead & Kramer 1982 Mead & Kramer 1982 Mead & Kramer 1982 Mead & Kramer 1982 Caldwell 1947b, Mead & Kramer 1982 Caldwell 1951, Mead & Kramer 1982, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 Mead & Kramer 1982, Maw et al. 2000 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 93 complectus (Ball, 1902a) [Metcalf 1936: 61 as syn. of Oliarus franciscamis Stal, 1859: (error)] = Oliarus complectus Ball, 1902a: 152. = Melanoliarus complectus (Ball, 1902a); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. = Oliarus (Melanoliarus) campestris Fennah, 1945b: 141; syn. by Caldwell 1951 (in Caldwell & Martorell 1951): 138-141. = Oliarus franciscamis (Stal, 1859: 273); senior syn. by Van Duzee 1917a: 309 (error). concinnulus (Fowler, 1904) [Metcalf 1936: 56] = Oliarus concinnulus Fowler, 1904: 92. = Melanoliarus concinnulus (Fowler, 1904); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. = Oliarus texanus Metcalf, 1923: 181; syn. by Ball 1934: 275 (error, see Mead & Kramer 1982: 389, 436). corvinus (Ball, 1934b) = Oliarus corvinus Ball, 1934b: 273. = Melanoliarus corvinus (Ball, 1934b); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. dijficilis (Van Duzee, 1912) [Metcalf 1936: 58] = Oliarus dijficilis Van Duzee, 1912a: 494. = Melanoliarus dijficilis (Van Duzee, 1912a); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. = Oliarus vittatus Metcalf, 1923: 181; syn. by Mead & Kramer 1982: 408, 411. dondonius (Ball, 1934b) = Oliarus dondonius Ball, 1934b: 276. = Melanoliarus dondonius (Ball, 1934b); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. ecologus (Caldwell, 1947a) = Oliarus ecologus Caldwell, 1947a: 76. = Melanoliarus ecologus Caldwell, 1947a; comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. USA: FL; Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico (Inc. Caja de Muertos, Mona and Vieques Islands), Virgin Islands (Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. Thomas, St. Vincent) (reported in error: USA: AZ, Mexico) Mexico (Guerrero, Veracruz) (reported in error: USA: TX) USA: AZ, CA, TX USA: FL, TX USA: AZ, CA, CO, NM, NV, OR, TX, UT; CAN: AB, BC, SK; Mexico (Baja California; Mulge, San Francisco, San Lorenzo, and Santa Inez Islands, Gulf of California) USA: AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, GA, IL, KS, KY, MD, MS, NC, NJ, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, VA (reported in error: CAN: NS, ON) eximus (Caldwell, 1947b) USA: CA, NM = Oliarus eximus Caldwell, 1947b: 145. = Melanoliarus eximus (Caldwell, 1947b); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. forcipatus (Caldwell, 1947b) USA: AZ, TX = Oliarus forcipatus Caldwell, 1947b: 146. = Melanoliarus forcipatus (Caldwell, 1947b); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. Fennah 1949, Caldwell 1950b, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Mead & Kramer 1982, Rodriguez-Leon et al. 1994a Fowler 1904, Ball 1934, Mead & Kramer 1982 Mead & Kramer 1982 Metcalf 1936, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Mead & Kramer 1982 Mead & Kramer 1982, Maw et al. 2000 Caldwell 1947a, Beirne 1950c, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Weber & Wilson 1981, Mead & Kramer 1982, Bartlett et al. 2011 (Canadian records in error Mead & Kramer, 1982) Caldwell 1947b, Mead & Kramer 1982 Caldwell 1947b, Mead & Kramer 1982 Continued 94 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES franciscanus (Stal, 1859) [Metcalf 1936: 61] = Cixius franciscanus Stal, 1859: 273. = Oliarus franciscanus (Stal, 1859); comb, by Stal 1862a: 306. = Melanoliarus franciscanus (Stal, 1859); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. = Oliarus fransiscanus (Stal, 1859); missp. by Strickland 1940: 87. Puerto Rico, Haiti, Jamaica, Isle of Pines, Cuba, Mexico (Baja California) (reported in error: USA: AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, FL, IA, MA, MD, KS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, PA, UT; CAN: AB, BC) Strickland 1940, 1953; Metcalf 1943, Wolcott 1950, Beirne 1950c, Mead & Kramer 1982 Mead & Kramer (1982) noted that O. franciscanus is a South American species and implied that all US & Canada records were in error and the types were misreported from California. hesperius (Van Duzee, 1917a) [Metcalf 1936: 65] = Oliarus hesperius Van Duzee, 1917a: 307. = Melanoliarus hesperius (Van Duzee, 1917a); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. humilis (Say, 1830) [Metcalf 1936: 67] = Flata humilis Say, 1830: 241. = Oliarus humilis (Say, 1830); comb, by Van Duzee 1890: 389. = Melanoliarus humilis (Say, 1830); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. USA: CA, NV, OR Mead & Kramer 1982 USA: AZ, CT, DC, DE, IA, IL, IN, KS, MA, MD, MI, MN, MS, MT, NC, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OH, OR, PA, UT, WI; CAN: AB, BC, ON, QC, SK Metcalf 1936, Beirne 1950c, Strickland 1953, Kontkanen 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Mead & Kramer 1982, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 kieferi (Mead & Kramer, 1982) USA: AZ, UT = Oliarus kieferi Mead & Kramer, 1982: 559-561. = Melanoliarus kieferi (Mead & Kramer, 1982); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. knullorum (Mead & Kramer, 1982) USA: AZ, TX = Oliarus knullorum Mead & Kramer, 1982: 529-531. = Melanoliarus knullorum (Mead & Kramer, 1982); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. Mead & Kramer 1982 Mead & Kramer 1982 littoralis (Ball, 1934b) USA: FL; Dry Tortugas (Garden Key) = Oliarus littoralis Ball, 1934b: 274. = Melanoliarus littoralis (Ball, 1934b); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. lohatus (Caldwell, 1938b) USA: NM, TX = Oliarus lobatus Caldwell, 1938b: 305. = Melanoliarus lobatus (Caldwell, 1938b); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. montanus (Metcalf, 1923) [Metcalf 1936: 83] USA: DE, GA, IL, KS, MD, MO, MS, NC, = Oliarus montanus Metcalf, 1923: 179. NJ, NY, OH, PA, TN, VA = Melanoliarus montanus (Metcalf, 1923); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. papagonus (Ball, 1934b) USA: AZ = Oliarus papagonus Ball, 1934b: 272. = Melanoliarus papagonus (Ball, 1934b); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. pima (Kirkaldy, 1907b) [Metcalf 1936: 95] USA: AZ, CA, NM, UT = Oliarus pima Kirkaldy, 1907b: 62. = Oliarus nogalanus Ball, 1934b: 272 (syn. Mead & Kramer 1982: 390, 550-551, 554 (not listed as new); see Ball 1937: 180). = Melanoliarus pima (Kirkaldy, 1907b); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Mead & Kramer 1982 Caldwell 1938b, Mead & Kramer 1982 Metcalf 1936, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Mead & Kramer 1982, Bartlett et al. 2011 Mead & Kramer 1982 Metcalf 1936, Mead & Kramer 1982 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 95 placitus (Van Duzee, 1912a) [Metcalf 1936: 95] = Oliarus placitus Van Duzee, 1912a: 493. = Melanoliarus placitus (Van Duzee, 1912a); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122 pygmaeus (Ball, 1937) = Oliarus pygmaeus Ball, 1937: 180. = Melanoliarus pygmaeus (Ball, 1937); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. cjuinquelineatus (Say, 1830) [Metcalf 1936: 99] = Flata quinquelineata Say, 1830: 241. = Oliarus quinquelineatus (Say, 1830); comb, by Provancher 1889: 223. = Oliarus quinquelineata (Say, 1830);unjustified emendation by Smith 1900: 89. = Melanoliarus quinquelineatus (Say, 1830); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. retentus (Caldwell, 1947b) = Oliarus retentus Caldwell, 1947b: 148. = Melanoliarus retentus (Caldwell, 1947b); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. sablensis (Caldwell, 1951) = Oliarus sablensis Caldwell, 1951: 34. = Melanoliarus sablensis (Caldwell, 1951); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. sementinus (Ball, 1902a) [Metcalf 1936: 100] = Oliarus sementinus Ball, 1902a: 152. = Melanoliarus sementinus (Ball, 1902a); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. slossonae (Van Duzee, 1912a) [Metcalf 1936: 102] = Oliarus hyalinus Van Duzee, 1908: 487 (nec Fieber) (preoccupied). = Oliarus slossoni Van Duzee, 1912a: 494; replacement name for preoccupied O. hyalinus Van Duzee, 1908. = Oliarus borinquensis Caldwell, 1951: 137 (in Caldwell & Martorell 1951); syn. by Mead & Kramer 1982: 424-426. = Oliarus slossonae Van Duzee, 1912a: 494; emendation by Mead & Kramer 1982: 424. = Melanoliarus slossonae (Van Duzee, 1912a); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. sonoitus (Ball, 1937) = Oliarus sonoitus Ball, 1937: 179. = Oliarus nigravittus Caldwell, 1938b: 304; syn. by Mead & Kramer 1982: 554-556, 558. = Melanoliarus sonoitus (Ball, 1937); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. sylvaticus (Caldwell, 1947b) = Oliarus sylvaticus Caldwell, 1947b: 151. = Melanoliarus sylvaticus (Caldwell, 1947b); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. USA: AL, AR, DC, DE, FL, GA, IL, KS, MD, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, VA; CAN: ON USA: AZ USA: AL, AR, CT, CO, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, LA, MA, MD, ME, MN, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, VA, WI; CAN: NS, ON, QC USA: AZ, CO, UT USA: CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KY, MA, MD, MN, MO, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, SC, TN, WV; CAN: NB, NS, ON USA: AZ, CA, CO, NM, UT USA: FL; Cuba; Puerto Rico; Virgin Islands (Great Camanoe, Guana, Jost Van Dyke, Little Thatch, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola) (reported in error: USA: MS, TX) USA: AZ, CA, NM, TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Tamaulipas) USA: CA Metcalf 1936, Beirne 1950c, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Mead & Kramer 1982, Maw et al. 2000, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 Mead & Kramer 1982 Metcalf 1936, Beirne 1950c, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Weber & Wilson 1981, Mead & Kramer 1982, Wheeler & Wilson 1996, Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 Caldwell 1947b, Mead & Kramer 1982 Caldwell 1951, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Mead & Kramer 1982, Wilson et al. 1993, Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006, Bartlett et al. 2011 Mead & Kramer 1982 Metcalf 1936, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Mead & Kramer 1982, Bartlett 2000 Caldwell 1938b, Ward et al. 1977, Mead & Kramer 1982 Caldwell 1947b, Mead & Kramer 1982 Continued 96 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES texanus (Metcalf, 1923) [Metcalf 1936: 106] = Oliarus texanus Metcalf, 1923: 181. = Melanoliarus texanus (Metcalf, 1923); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. USA: OK, TX; Mexico (Chiapas, Michoacan, Veracruz) Ward et al. 1977, Mead & Kramer 1982 teximus (Caldwell, 1947b) = Oliarus eximus teximus Caldwell, 1947b: 146. = Oliarus teximus Caldwell, 1947b; status by Mead & Kramer 1982: 517-518, 521. = Melanoliarus teximus (Caldwell, 1947b); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. USA: TX Caldwell 1947b, Mead & Kramer 1982 truncatus (Van Duzee, 1929b) [Metcalf 1936: 106] = Oliarus truncatus Van Duzee, 1929b: 72. = Melanoliarus truncatus (Van Duzee, 1929b); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. USA: CA; Mexico (Baja California) Metcalf 1936, Mead & Kramer 1982 uncatus (Caldwell, 1947b) = Oliarus uncatus Caldwell, 1947b: 151. = Melanoliarus uncatus (Caldwell, 1947b); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. USA: AZ Caldwell 1947b, Mead & Kramer 1982 vicarius (Walker, 1851) [Metcalf 1936: 107] = Cixius vicarius Walker, 1851: 343. = Oliarus vicarius (Walker, 1851); comb, by Distant 1907a: 280. = Oliarus vitreus Metcalf, 1923: 180 [nec Melichar 1905]; syn. by Mead & Kramer 1982: 506, 509. = Oliarus lucidus Metcalf 1936: 79; replacement name for Oliarus vitreus Metcalf, 1923 [nec Melichar 1905] ; syn. by Mead & Kramer 1982: 390, 506, 509. = Melanoliarus vicarius (Walker, 1851); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. USA: FL, GA, IL, MS, NC, SC (Reported in error: USA: CO, MA, MD, NJ, TX) Metcalf 1936, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Mead & Kramer 1982 viequensis (Caldwell, 1951) (in Caldwell & Martorell 1951) = Oliarus viequensis Caldwell, 1951: 141. = Melanoliarus viequensis (Caldwell, 1951); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. USA: FL; Belize, Haiti, Puerto Rico (Vieques Island); Virgin Islands (Anegada, Antigua, Guana, St. John) Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Mead & Kramer 1982, Bartlett 2000 yavapanus (Ball, 1934b) = Oliarus yavapanus Ball, 1934b: 274. = Melanoliarus yavapanus (Ball, 1934b); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. USA: AZ, CA, TX, UT Mead & Kramer 1982 zyxus (Caldwell, 1947a) = Oliarus zyxus Caldwell, 1947a: 76-77. = Melanoliarus zyxus (Caldwell, 1947a); comb, by implication Emeljanov 2001a: 122. USA: AZ, CA, CO, ID, NM, NV, OR, TX, UT; CAN: BC; Mexico (Coahuila, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon) Caldwell 1947a, Ward et al. 1977, Mead & Kramer 1982, Maw et al. 2000 Oliaronus Ball, 1934b (Type species Oliaronus tontonus Ball, 1934b). ton tonus Ball, 1934b USA: AZ Kramer 1983 Pentastiridius Kirschbaum, 1868 (Type species Flata pallens Germar, 1821). cinnamomeus (Provancher, 1889) [Metcalf 1936: 55] = Oliarus cinnamomeus Provancher, 1889: 223. = Pentastiridius cinnamomeus (Provancher, 1889); comb, by Emeljanov 2001a: 122. USA: CT, DE, MA, ME, NH, NJ, NY, PA; CAN: BC, ON, QC, NB Metcalf 1936, Beirne 1950c, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Mead & Kramer 1982, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 97 habeckorum (Mead & Kramer, 1982) -Oliarus habeckorum Mead & Kramer, 1982: 443-446. = Pentastiridius habeckorum (Mead & Kramer, 1982); comb, by Emeljanov 2001a: 122. Reptalus Emeljanov, 1971 (Type species Cixius quinc\uecostatus DuFour, 1833). beirnei Emeljanov, 1978 = Oliarus artemesiae Beirne, 1950c: 94-96 (preoccupied, nec Matsumura 1914). = Reptalus beirnei Emeljanov, 1978; replacement name for unavailable Oliarus artemesiae Beirne, 1950c by Emeljanov 1978: 223. = Oliarus beirnei Mead & Kramer, 1982: 499; replacement name for preoccupied Oliarus artemesiae Beirne, 1950c (nec Matsumura 1914); syn. by Emeljanov 2001a: 122. ex optatus (Van Duzee, 1917a) [Metcalf 1936: 60] = Oliarus exoptatus Van Duzee, 1917a: 308. = Reptalus exoptatus (Van Duzee, 1917a); comb, by Emeljanov 2001a: 122. fidus Van Duzee, 1914 [Metcalf 1936: 60] = Oliarus fidus Van Duzee, 1914: 37. = Reptalus fidus (Van Duzee, 1914); comb, by Emeljanov 2001a: 122. Oecleini Muir, 1922 = Myndini Muir, 1923; syn. by Emeljanov 1989: 62; also Holzinger et al. 2002. Haplaxius Fowler, 1904 (Type species Haplaxius laevis Fowler, 1904) (listed as generic syn. of Myndus Stal 1862 by Kramer, 1979: 303-304). = Paramyndus Fennah, 1945a (Type species Paramyndus cocois Fennah, 1945a; junior syn. of Myndus crudus Van Duzee 1907); syn. with Myndus by Kramer, 1979: 303-304. = Myndus Stal, 1862a (Type species Flata musiva Germar 1825); syn. by Kramer 1979: 303; removed from syn. by Emeljanov 1989: 62-64; also Holzinger et al. 2002: 128. balli (Kramer, 1979) = Myndus balli Kramer, 1979: 325-326. = Haplaxius balli (Kramer, 1979); comb, by implication Emeljanov 1989: 62. beameri (Ball, 1933c) = Myndus beameri Ball, 1933c: 480. = Haplaxius beameri (Ball, 1933c); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203; also Emeljanov 1989: 62. catalinus (Ball, 1933c) = Myndus catalinus Ball, 1933c: 481. = Haplaxius catalinus (Ball, 1933c); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203; also Emeljanov 1989: 62. collinus (Ball, 1933c) = Myndus collinus Ball, 1933c: 482. = Haplaxius collinus Ball, 1933c; comb, by implication Emeljanov 1989: 62. USA: NC, SC, VA USA: CA, OR, WA; CAN: BC USA: CA, CO, ID, NV, UT, WY; CAN: BC USA: CA USA: AZ USA: AZ USA: AZ, NM, TX USA: CO, MT; CAN: SK Mead & Kramer 1982 Mead & Kramer 1982, Maw et al. 2000 Metcalf 1936, Mead & Kramer 1982, Maw et al. 2000 Mead & Kramer 1982 Kramer 1979 Kramer 1979 Kramer 1979 Kramer 1979, Maw et al. 2000 Continued 98 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES crena (Kramer, 1979) = Myndus crena Kramer, 1979: 318-320. = Haplaxius crena Kramer, 1979; comb, by implication Emeljanov 1989: 62. USA: AZ, CO Kramer 1979 crudus (Van Duzee, 1907) [Metcalf 1936: 138] = Myndus crudus Van Duzee, 1907: 33. = Paramyndus crudus (Van Duzee, 1907); comb, by implication Fennah 1945b: 142. = Paramyndus cocois Fennah, 1945a: 424-425. = Haplaxius crudis [sic] (Van Duzee, 1907); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203. = Haplaxius cocois (Fennah, 1945a); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203. = Haplaxius pallidus Caldwell, 1946: 204; syn. by Kramer 1979: 346-347. = Haplaxius cocois (Fennah, 1945a); syn. by Kramer 1979: 346; also Emeljanov 1989: 62. = Haplaxius crudus (Van Duzee, 1907); comb, by Emeljanov, 1989: 62. USA: FL, TX; Belize, Cayman Islands (Grand Cayman), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba (inc. Isle of Pines), Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Mexico (Baja California Sur, Quintana Roo), Panama, Trinidad, Venezuela Metcalf 1936, Fennah 1945a, b; 1971; Kramer 1979; Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wilson & Tsai 1982, Tsai & Mead 1982, Howard et al. 1984, Rodriguez-Leon et al. 1994a, Wilson & Wheeler 2010, Ferreira et al. 2010 dozieri (Kramer, 1979) = Myndus dozieri Kramer, 1979: 340. = Haplaxius dozieri (Kramer, 1979); comb, by implication Emeljanov 1989: 62. USA: MS Kramer 1979, Wilson & McPherson 1980b enotatus (Van Duzee, 1909) [Metcalf 1936: 139] = Myndus enotatus Van Duzee, 1909: 188. = Haplaxius enotatus (Van Duzee, 1909); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203; also Emeljanov 1989: 62. USA: FL, GA, LA, MD, MS, NC, SC, VA; CAN: QC; Cuba Metcalf 1936, Moore 1950a, b; Davis & Gray 1966, Kramer 1979, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Lago & Testa 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 flocki (Kramer, 1979) = Myndus flocki Kramer, 1979: 342-344. = Haplaxius flocki (Kramer, 1979); comb, by implication Emeljanov, 1989: 62. USA: AZ, CA; Mexico (Baja California) Kramer 1979 fulvus (Osborn, 1903a) [Metcalf 1936: 139] = Myndus fulvus Osborn, 1903a: 46. = Haplaxius fulvus (Osborn, 1903a); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203; also Emeljanov 1989: 62. USA: CT, IL, KS, KY, MA, NY, OH, TN; CAN: ON Metcalf 1936, Kramer 1979, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006 gabrielensis Flock, 1951 = Haplaxius gabrielensis Flock, 1951: 169. = Myndus gabrielensis (Flock, 1951); comb, by Kramer 1979: 328, 330; restored to Haplaxius by Emeljanov 1989: 62. USA: CA Kramer 1979 glyphis (Kramer, 1979) = Myndus glyphis Kramer, 1979: 311-312. = Haplaxius glyphis (Kramer, 1979); comb, by implication Emeljanov 1989: 62. USA: MA, NY, TN; CAN: NB, QC Kramer 1979, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006 impiger (Ball, 1902a) [Metcalf 1936: 140] = Myndus impiger Ball, 1902a: 153. = Haplaxius impiger (Ball, 1902a); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203; also Emeljanov 1989: 62. USA: CO, NM Metcalf 1936, Kramer 1979 lophion lophion (Kramer, 1979) = Myndus lophion lophion Kramer, 1979: 349- 350 (subspecific combination by implication). = Haplaxius lophion lophion (Kramer, 1979); comb, by implication Emeljanov 1989: 62. USA: AZ, CO Kramer 1979 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 99 lophion alpha (Kramer, 1979) USA: CO = Myndus lophion alpha Kramer, 1979: 350. = Haplaxius lophion alpha (Kramer, 1979); comb, by implication Emeljanov 1989: 62. lunatus (Van Duzee, 1909) [Metcalf 1936: 140] USA: FL = Myndus lunatus Van Duzee, 1909: 189. = Haplaxius lunatus (Van Duzee, 1909); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203; also Emeljanov 1989: 62. mojavensis (Ball, 1933c) = Myndus mojavensis Ball, 1933c: 480. = Haplaxius mojavensis (Ball, 1933c); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203; also Emeljanov 1989: 62. neopusillus (Kramer, 1979) = Myndus neopusillus Kramer, 1979: 338-339. = Haplaxius neopusillus (Kramer, 1979); comb, by implication Emeljanov 1989: 62. nevadensis (Kramer, 1979) = Myndus nevadensis Kramer, 1979: 325. = Haplaxius nevadensis (Kramer, 1979); comb, by implication Emeljanov, 1989: 62. nigrifrons (Ball, 1937) = Myndus nigrifrons Ball, 1937: 179. = Haplaxius nigrifrons (Ball, 1937); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203; also Emeljanov 1989: 62. USA: AZ, CA, NV USA: AL, FL USA: AZ, NV USA: TX nolinus (Ball, 1933c) USA: AZ, NM = Myndus nolinus Ball, 1933c: 481. = Haplaxius nolinus (Ball, 1933c); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203; also Emeljanov 1989: 62. occidentalis (Van Duzee, 1914) [Metcalf 1936: 142] USA: AZ, CA, ID, OR, UT = Myndus occidentalis Van Duzee, 1914: 39. = Haplaxius occidentalis (Van Duzee, 1914); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203; also Emeljanov 1989: 62. Kramer 1979 Kramer 1979, Wilson & McPherson J980b Kramer 1979 Kramer 1979, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Benton & McCreadie 2009 Kramer 1979 Kramer 1979 Kramer 1979 Metcalf 1936, Kramer 1979 ovatus (Ball, 1933c) = Myndus ovatus Ball, 1933c: 483. = Haplaxius ovatus (Ball, 1933c); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203; also Emeljanov 1989: 62. pictifrons (Stal, 1862a) [Metcalf 1936: 143] = Myndus pictifrons Stal, 1862a: 307. = Haplaxius pictifrons (Stal, 1862a); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203; also Emeljanov 1989: 62. = Myndus sordipennis Stal, 1862a: 308. = Haplaxius sordipennis (Stal, 1862a); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203; syn. by Kramer 1979: 314, 316. USA: DE, GA, IA, KS, MA, MD, NE, NJ, OK, VA Kramer 1979, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Bartlett et al. 2011 USA: CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, LA, MA, MD, MO, MS, NC, NE, NFI, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, TN, VA; CAN: ON, QC; Cuba Metcalf 1936, Moore 1950a, b; Beirne 1950c, Wray 1967, Nixon & McPherson 1977, Kramer 1979, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Weber & Wilson 1981, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006, Bartlett et al. 2011 pusillus (Van Duzee, 1909) [Metcalf 1936: 143] USA: CT, FL, GA, MA, NC, NH, NJ, VA = Myndus pusillus Van Duzee, 1909: 190. = Haplaxius pusillus (Van Duzee, 1909); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203; also Emeljanov 1989: 62. = Haplaxius perrinei Caldwell, 1951: 34; syn. by Kramer 1979: 336, 338. Metcalf 1936, Caldwell 1951, Wray 1967, Kramer 1979, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Bartlett et al. 2011 Continued 100 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES radicis (Osborn, 1903b) [Metcalf 1936: 143] = Myndus radicis Osborn, 1903b: 42. = Haplaxius radicis (Osborn, 1903b); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203; also Emeljanov 1989: 62. = Myndus delicatus Van Duzee, 1908: 492. = Haplaxius delicatus (Van Duzee 1908); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203; syn. by Kramer 1979: 320-321. rubidus (Ball, 1933c) = Myndus rubidus Ball, 1933c: 483. = Haplaxius rubidus (Ball, 1933c); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203; also Emeljanov 1989: 62. slossonae (Ball, 1902a) [Metcalf 1936: 144] = Myndus slossoni Ball, 1902a: 154. = Haplaxius slossoni (Ball, 1902a); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203. = Myndus slossonae (Ball, 1902a); emendation by Kramer 1979: 334, 336. = Haplaxius slossonae (Ball, 1902a); comb, by implication Emeljanov 1989: 62. texensis (Kramer, 1979) = Myndus texensis Kramer, 1979: 333. = Haplaxius texensis (Kramer, 1979); comb, by implication Emeljanov 1989: 62. truncatus (Metcalf, 1923) [Metcalf 1936: 145] = Myndus truncatus Metcalf, 1923: 184. = Haplaxius truncatus (Metcalf, 1923); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203; also Emeljanov 1989: 62. viridicatus (Ball, 1933c) = Myndus viridicatus Ball, 1933: 483. = Haplaxius viridicatus (Ball, 1933c); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203; also Emeljanov 1989: 62. viridis (Ball, 1902a) [Metcalf 1936: 146] = Myndus viridis Ball, 1902a: 153. = Haplaxius viridis (Ball, 1902a); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203; also Emeljanov 1989: 62. = Myndus auratus Ball, 1933c: 434; syn. by Caldwell 1946: 203. = Haplaxius auratus (Ball, 1933c); comb, by Kramer 1979: 340, 342. ivheeleri (Wilson, 1996) (in Wheeler & Wilson 1996) = Myndus ivheeleri Wilson, 1996: 103-104 (in Wheeler & Wilson 1996). = Haplaxius ivheeleri (Wilson, 1996); comb, by Bartlett et al. 2011: 12. xyron (Kramer, 1979) = Myndus xyron Kramer, 1979: 312-314. = Haplaxius xyron (Kramer, 1979); comb, by implication Emeljanov 1989: 62. yuccandus (Ball, 1933c) = Myndus yuccandus Ball, 1933c: 482. = Haplaxius yuccandus (Ball, 1933c); comb, by Caldwell 1946: 203; also Emeljanov 1989: 62. USA: DC, DE, IL, IN, KS, MD, MS, NC, NY, OH, OK, TN, TX, VA USA: TX USA: FL, GA, KS, MO, MS, OK, TX USA: TX USA: IA, IL, WI USA: AZ, CA USA: AZ, CA, CO (reported in error: USA IA, NJ, OH) USA: NJ, PA USA: MI, NY; CAN: ON, QC USA: AZ Metcalf 1936, Kramer 1979, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Gonzon et al. 2006, Bartlett et al. 2011 Kramer 1979 Metcalf 1936, Kramer 1979, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wilson et al. 1993 Kramer 1979 Metcalf 1936, Kramer 1979, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c Kramer 1979 Metcalf 1936, Kramer 1979 Wheeler & Wilson 1996, Bartlett et al. 2011 Kramer 1979, Wilson & McPherson 1980b; Maw et al. 2000 Kramer 1979 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 101 Myndus Stal, 1862a (Type species Flata musiva Germar, 1825). = Entithena Fieber, 1866a (Type species Flata musiva Germar, 1825); syn. by Puton 1875: 112. musivus (Germar, 1825) [Metcalf 1936: 140, Flata] = [Myndus] musious (Germar, 1825); missp. by Moore 1950a, b. Niymphocixia Van Duzee, 1923a (Type species Nymphocixia unipunctata Van Duzee, 1923a). unipunctata Van Duzee, 1923a [Metcalf 1936: 240] = Nymphocixia unipunctata Van Duzee 1923: 189. = Nymphocixia vanduzeei Muir, 1930: 13. = Nymphocixia vanduzeei war. floridensis Caldwell, 1944c: 254. = Nymphocixia vanduzeei Muir, 1930; syn. by Kramer 1983: 45. = Nymphocixia vanduzeei v ar. floridensis Caldwell, 1944c: syn. by Kramer 1983: 45. Oecleus Stal, 1862a (Type species Oecleus seminiger Stal, 1862a). arnellus Ball & Klingenberg, 1935 augur Kramer, 1977 balli Kramer, 1977 biflagellatus O'Brien, 1982a borealis Van Duzee, 1912a [Metcalf 1936: 234] =Oecleus bilineatus Caldwell, 1938b: 305; syn. by Kramer 1977: 433-434. campestris Ball, 1902a [Metcalf 1936: 235] capitulatus Van Duzee, 1912a [Metcalf 1936: 235] = Oecleus triplicatus Ball & Klingenberg, 1935: 198; syn. by Kramer 1977: 420, 422. centronus Ball & Klingenberg, 1935 chrisjohni Kramer, 1977 cucullus Kramer, 1977 decens Stal, 1862a [Metcalf 1936: 236] epetrion Kramer, 1977 excavatus Ball, 1902a [Metcalf 1936: 236] fulvidorsum Ball, 1902a [Metcalf 1936: 236] Reported in error CAN: QC Austria, Belgium, Bohemia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Switzerland USA: SC, FL; Belize, Mexico (Isla Espiritu Santo, Baja California Sur; Nayarit), Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama USA: AZ, NV, TX, UT USA: AZ, TX USA: AZ, CA, NV USA: AZ USA: AL, AZ, CT, DC, FL, GA, IL, KS, MD, MI, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TX, UT, VA; CAN: ON USA: AZ, CA, CO, NM, TX (reported in error: USA: CT, MS) USA: AZ USA: AZ USA: IL, MO, TX USA: AZ, CA, TX, UT Mexico (Baja California, Jalisco, Morelos, Sonora) (reported in error: USA: CA, CT, DC, LA, NC, NJ, NM, TX) USA: IL, TX USA: AZ, CA, CO, NE, NM, OK USA: AZ, CA, CO, TX, UT Metcalf 1943, Moore 1950a, b; Holzinger et al. 2003 Metcalf 1936, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Kramer 1983 Kramer 1977 Kramer 1977 Kramer 1977 O'Brien 1982a Metcalf 1936, Caldwell 1938b, Kramer 1977, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Weber & Wilson 1981, Wilson et al. 1983, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011; Metcalf 1936, Kramer 1977 Metcalf 1936, Kramer 1977 Kramer 1977 Kramer 1977, Wilson & McPherson 1979d, 1980a, b; Wilson et al. 1993 Kramer 1977 Metcalf 1936, Caldwell 1944a, Kramer 1977 (US records in error Kramer, 1977) Kramer 1977, Wilson & McPherson 1979d, 1980a, b, c Metcalf 1936, Kramer 1977 Metcalf 1936, Kramer 1977 Continued 102 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES glochin Kramer, 1977 jenniferae Kramer, 1977 lineatus Ball, 1902a [Metcalf 1936: 237] lyra Kramer, 1977 martharum Kramer, 1977 monilipennis Van Duzee, 1923a [Metcalf 1936: 237] natatorius Ball, 1937 netrion Kramer, 1977 netron Kramer, 1977 nolinus Ball & Klingenberg, 1935 = Oecleus texanus Ball, 1937: 181; syn. by Kramer 1977: 408, 410. obrieni O'Brien, 1982a obtusus Ball, 1902a [Metcalf 1936: 237] palton Kramer, 1977 patulus Kramer, 1977 pellucens Fowler, 1904 [Metcalf 1936: 237] perpictus Van Duzee, 1929c [Metcalf 1936: 238] pigmy Ball & Klingenberg, 1935 piperatus Ball & Klingenberg, 1935 planus Ball & Klingenberg, 1935 pontifex Kramer, 1977 productus Metcalf, 1923 [Metcalf 1936: 238] quadrilineatus Van Duzee, 1912a [Metcalf 1936: 238] rhion Kramer, 1977 sagittanus Ball & Klingenberg, 1935 snoivi Ball, 1905 [Metcalf 1936: 238] subreflexus Van Duzee, 1925 [Metcalf 1936: 238] = Oecleus cabazonus Ball & Klingenberg, 1935: 201; syn. by Kramer 1977: 404, 406. = Oecleus pulchellatus Ball & Klingenberg, 1935: 201; syn. by Kramer 1977: 404, 406. USA: CA, NV, UT USA: AZ USA: AZ, CA, NV, TX USA: AZ USA: AZ, CA, NV, UT USA: CA, NM, NV, TX; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur; Gulf of California: Ceralbo, Espiritu Santo, Mejia, San Esteban and Santa Cruz Islands) USA: AZ USA: CA USA: AZ USA: AZ, NM, TX Kramer 1977 Kramer 1977 Metcalf 1936, Kramer 1977 Kramer 1977 Kramer 1977 Metcalf 1936, Kramer 1977 Kramer 1977 Kramer 1977 Kramer 1977 Kramer 1977 USA: TX O'Brien 1982a USA: AZ, CA, CO, ID, KS?, NE?, NV, OR, TX, UT, WA; CAN: BC; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur) USA: AZ USA: AZ Metcalf 1936, Kramer 1977, Maw et al. 2000 Kramer 1977 Kramer 1977 USA: AZ; Mexico (Chiapas, Federal District, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Oaxaca, Puebla, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosf, Tabasco, Veracruz); El Salvador, Guatemala USA: AZ, CA Mexico (Baja California, Sonora) USA: AZ, CA, ID, NM, NV, TX, UT Van Duzee 1912a, Fowler 1904, Metcalf 1936, Caldwell 1944a Kramer 1977 Kramer 1977 USA: AZ, CA; Mexico (Baja California) USA: CA, NV USA: AZ Kramer 1977 Kramer 1977 Kramer 1977 USA: AL, AZ, CA, DE, FL, GA, IL, MD, MO, MS, NC, NE, NM, NV, TX, UT; Mexico (Sonora) USA: AZ Metcalf 1936, Kramer 1977, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 Kramer 1977 USA: AZ Kramer 1977 USA: CA, NV, UT Kramer 1977 USA: AZ, CA, TX; Mexico (Baja California, Metcalf 1936, Kramer 1977 Baja California Sur, Sonora) USA: AZ, CA, NV, UT Metcalf 1936, Kramer 1977 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 103 tamiamus Ball & Klingenberg, 1935 USA: FL, GA troxanon Kramer, 1977 USA: UT vates Kramer, 1977 USA: AZ venosus Van Duzee, 1912a [Metcalf 1936: 238] USA: CA, NV, OR, TX; CAN: BC Pintaliini Metcalf, 1938 Mottorachis Uhler 1901 (Type species Monorachis sordulentus Uhler, 1901). sordulentus Uhler, 1901 [Metcalf 1936: 132] USA: FL, GA, IL, KS, LA, MS, MO, NC, OK, SC, TN; Mexico (Veracruz) Pintalia Stal, 1862c (Type species Pintalia lateralis Stal, 1862b). = Ciocixius Metcalf, 1923 (Type species Cixius dorsivittatus Van Duzee, 1909); syn. by Muir 1925a: 100. = Cotyleceps Uhler, 1895 (Type species Cotyleceps decorata Uhler, 1895); syn. by Muir 1925a: 100. = Metabrixia Fowler, 1904 (Type species Metabrixia delicata Fowler, 1904); syn. by Muir 1925a: 103. delicata (Fowler, 1904) [Metcalf 1936: 29] = Metabrixia delicata Fowler 1904: 86. = Pintalia delicata (Fowler 1904); comb, by Muir 1925a: 102. = Cixius dorsalis Van Duzee, 1908: 491 (nec Stephens 1829). = Cixius dorsivittatus Van Duzee, 1909: 188; replacement name for Cixius dorsalis Van Duzee, 1908 (nec Stephens 1829: 356). = Pintalia dorsovittatus (Van Duzee, 1909); comb, by Metcalf 1936: 29. = Pintalia dorsovittata (Van Duzee, 1909); emendation by Caldwell 1944d: 154. = Cixius dorsalis Van Duzee, 1908 (nec Stephens 1829); syn. by Kramer 1983: 39. = Pintalia dorsovittata (Van Duzee, 1909); syn. by Kramer 1983: 39. gurneyi Kramer, 1983 USA: AL, AZ, CA, FL, GA, IL, LA, MD, MS, NC, SC, TN, TX, VA; Cuba, Mexico (Chiapas, Jalisco, Guerrero, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Veracruz), Guatemala, Nicaragua (reported in error: Ecuador) USA: AL, FL, KY, LA, MS, VA vibex Kramer, 1983 USA: AL, AR, DE, FL, IL, IN, KS, LA, MD, MO, MS, NC, OK, SC, TN, TX, VA Kramer 1977, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Kramer 1977 Kramer 1977 Metcalf 1936, Kramer 1977, Maw et al. 2000 Van Duzee 1908, Metcalf 1936, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Kramer 1983, Emeljanov 2001b , Gonzon et al. 2006 Muir 1934, Metcalf 1936, Caldwell 1944e, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Kramer 1983, Lago & Testa 2000, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 Kramer 1983, Benton & McCreadie 2009 Kramer 1983, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 Continued 104 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES FAMILY DELPHACIDAE Asiracinae Fieber, 1872 Asiracini Fieber, 1872 Copicems Swartz, 1802 (Type species Copicerus irroratus Swartz, 1802). = Jerala Walker, 1858 (Type species Jerala singula Walker 1858); syn. by Stal 1862b: 488. = Holotus Guerin-Meneville, 1856 (Type species Holotus thoracicus Guerin-Meneville, 1856); syn. by Dallas 1867: 559. irroratus Swartz, 1802 [Metcalf 1943: 31] Idiosystanini Emeljanov, 1995 Pentagramma Van Duzee, 1897 (Type species Liburnia vittatifrons Uhler, 1876). = Lepticus Crawford, 1914 (Type species Lepticus oculatus Crawford, 1914); syn. by Dozier 1928: 257; Muir 1926: 3. = Bergia Scott, 1881 (Type species Liburnia nimbata Berg, 1879); syn. by Asche 1985: 283. = Bergias Kirkaldy, 1904b (Type species Liburnia nimbata Berg, 1879); replacement name for Bergia Scott, 1881; syn. by Asche 1985: 283. bivittata Crawford, 1914 [Metcalf 1943: 48] douglasensis Penner, 1947 = Pentagramma variegata Penner, 1947: 37-39; syn. by Hedrick-Zeller & Wilson 2010: 234. longistylata Penner, 1947 vittatifrons (Uhler, 1876) [Metcalf 1943: 49, Liburnia ] Kelisiinae Wagner, 1963 Kelisiini Wagner, 1963 Kelisia Fieber, 1866b (Type species Delphax guttula Germar, 1818). USA: AZ, DE, FL, IL, MD, MO, MS, OH, PA, TX, VA, WV; Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico (Baja California Sur, Guerrero, Mexico, Nayarit, Sonora, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, Venezuela Metcalf 1943, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Caldwell & Martorell 1951 USA: KS, NE, OH, TX; Costa Rica, Guyana, Netherland Antilles, Puerto Rico, Nicaragua, Trinidad Metcalf 1943, Fennah 1945a, Penner 1947, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Hedrick- Zeller & Wilson 2010 USA: ID, IL, IN, KS, MI, MN, MO, MS, MT, ND, NM, NY, OR, SD, UT; CAN: MB, ON, SK (reported possibly in error: CAN: BC, NS) Penner 1947, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Maw et al. 2000, Paiero et al. 2003, Hedrick-Zeller & Wilson 2010 USA: OK, TX (reported possibly in error: USA: FL, MT) Penner 1947, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wilson & Wheeler 1986, Hedrick-Zeller & Wilson 2010 USA: CO, DE, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, MA, MD, MI, MS, MT, NC, ND, NE, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OK, SD, TX, UT, VA, WA, WY; CAN: AB, MB, SK Metcalf 1943, Penner 1947, Davis & Gray 1966, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000, Hedrick-Zeller & Wilson 2010 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 105 i axialis Van Duzee, 1897 [Metcalf 1943: 182] bimaculata Beamer, 1945a curvata Beamer, 1945a flagellata Beamer, 1945a flava Beamer, 1951c hyalina Beamer, 1945a parvicurvata Beamer, 1951c pectinata Beamer, 1945a retrorsa Beamer, 1945a spinosa Beamer, 1945a torquata Beamer, 1951c vesiculata Beamer, 1951c USA: CT, IA, MD, ME, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, VA, VT, WI; CAN: NS, ON, PE, QC USA: NH, WI Metcalf 1943, Beamer 1945a, 1951c; Proctor 1946, Moore 1950a, b; Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000 Beamer 1945a, 1951c; Wilson & McPherson 1980b USA: DC, DE, FL, GA, IL, KS, MD, NC, NJ, OH, PA, TN, TX Beamer 1945a,Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006 USA: KS Beamer 1945a USA: CT, DE, MD, MO, NC, NH, NY, PA; CAN: ON Beamer 1951c, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Denno et al. 1991, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett & Wheeler 2007 USA: IL, KS; CAN: ON Beamer 1945a, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Maw et al. 2000 USA: FL, SC; CAN: NF Beamer 1951c, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett & Wheeler 2007 USA: DE, IL, KS, NJ; CAN: ON, QC USA: CT, IL, MI, MN, NH, PA, WI; CAN: ON Beamer 1945a, 1951c; Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Maw et al. 2000 Beamer 1945a, 1951c; Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Maw et al. 2000 USA: CT, IL, MI, NC, NH, PA, SC, SD, TN, WI; CAN: MN, ON, PE Beamer 1945a, 1951c; Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006 USA: CT, NC Beamer 1951c, Wilson & McPherson 1980b; Bartlett & Wheeler 2007 USA: CT, NC; CAN: SK Beamer 1951, Bartlett & Wheeler 2007; Maw et al. 2000; Wilson & McPherson 1980b Stenocraninae Wagner, 1963 Stenocranini Wagner, 1963 Kelisicratius Bartlett, 2006 (Type species Kelisicranus arundiniphagus Bartlett, 2006). arundiniphagus Bartlett, 2006 USA: IL, MO, TN Bartlett 2006, 2010; Gonzon = Terauchiana n. sp. Hamilton 2006; syn. by et al. 2006 Bartlett 2010: 468. Obtusicranus Bartlett, 2006 (Type species Obtusicranus bicarinus Bartlett, 2006). bicarinus Bartlett, 2006 USA: AZ, CO, UT Bartlett 2006, 2010 Stenocranus Fieber, 1866b (Type species Fulgora minuta Fabricius, 1787). Continued 106 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Subgenus Stenocranus Fieber, 1866b. felti Van Duzee, 1910a [Metcalf 1943: 165] sunder son i Beamer, 1946c Metcalf 1943, Beamer 1946a, Strickland 1953, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton 2006 USA: IL, ME; CAN: BC, ON, PE, QC, SK Beamer 1946c, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton 2006 USA: ME, MN, NH, NY, WI; CAN: AB, BC, MB, NS, ON, PE, QC, SK Subgenus Codex Hamilton, 2006 (Type species Delphax vittata Stal, 1862a). acutus Beamer, 1946a USA: FL, GA, MS, NC, PA Beamer 1946a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Hamilton 2006 angustus Crawford, 1914 [Metcalf 1943: 162] USA: GA; Belize arundineus Metcalf, 1923 [Metcalf 1943: 162] USA: GA, NC; CAN: AB = Stenocranus aurundineus Metcalf, 1923: 197; missp. by Strickland 1953: 208. Metcalf 1943, Bartlett 2010 Metcalf 1943, 1949, Beamer 1946a, Strickland 1953, Wilson & McPherson 1980b brunneus Beamer, 1946a USA: DE, IL, KS, NC, OK, SC, TN Beamer 1946a, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Gonzon et al. 2006, Bartlett & Wheeler 2007 delicatus Beamer, 1946a USA: DE, IL, KS, NJ; CAN: ON Beamer 1946a, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Paiero et al. 2003, Hamilton 2006 dorsalis (Fitch, 1851) [Metcalf 1943: 163] = Delphax dorsalis Fitch, 1851: 46. = Stenocranus dorsalis (Fitch, 1851); comb, by Van Duzee 1890: 390. = Delphax unipunctata Provancher, 1872: 319; syn. by Van Duzee 1897: 227; 1912: 325 (error) removed from synonymy (as Stenocranus unipunctatus (Provancher, 1872)) by Beamer 1946a: 5. = Stenocranus pallidus Beamer, 1946a; syn. by Hamilton 2006: 498M:99. USA: CO, CT, DC, FL, IA, ID, IL, IN, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MO, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WI; CAN: AB, BC, MB, NB, ON, PE, QC, SK; Cuba (Isla de la Juventud as Isla de Pinos)? Metcalf 1943, Beamer 1946a, Proctor 1946, Moore 1950a, b; Strickland 1953, Kontkanen 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006; Hamilton 2006 lautus Van Duzee, 1897 [Metcalf 1943: 168] ramosus Beamer, 1946a USA: AL, CT, DC, DE, FL, IA, IL, KS, MD, MO, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA; CAN: BC?, ON, QC; Cuba? Osborn 1926, Metcalf 1943, Beamer 1946a, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Calvert & Wilson 1986, Wilson et al. 1993, Lago & Testa 2000, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006, Hamilton 2006, Bartlett & Wheeler 2007 USA: AL, FL, GA, NC Beamer 1946a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Benton & McCreadie 2009 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 107 similis Crawford, 1914 [Metcalf 1943: 178] USA: AL, IL, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN: CAN: QC? unipunctatus (Provancher, 1872) (nec Beamer USA: ME; CAN: BC, ON, QC 1946a: 5) [Metcalf 1943: 163 as syn. of Stenocranus dorsalis ]. = Delphax unipunctata Provancher, 1872: 319. = Stenocranus dorsalis (Fitch, 1851: 46); syn. by Van Duzee 1897: 227; 1912: 325; restored to species status by Beamer 1955: 5. = Stenocranus unipunctatus (Provancher, 1872); comb, by Van Duzee 1916a: 83. = Stenocranus unipunctatus (Provancher, 1872) (nec Beamer 1955); status by Hamilton 2006: 499. = Stenocranus dorsalis Beamer 1946: 2 (nec Fitch 1851); syn. by Hamilton 2006: 499. vittatus (Stal, 1862a) [Metcalf 1943: 168 as syn. of USA: ME, NC, NH; CAN: ON, QC Stenocranus lautus ] (Reported possibly in error: USA: IL) = Delphax vittata Stal, 1862a: 315 (nec Spinola 1852: 260). = Stenocranus lautus Van Duzee, 1897: 227, 231; syn. by Van Duzee 1914: 165; 1917: 763; removed from syn. by Hamilton 2006: 499. = Stenocranus vittatus (Stal, 1862a); comb, by Crawford 1914: 592. = Stenocranus dorsalis vittatus (Stal, 1862a); comb, by Van Duzee 1917b: 763; Moore 1950a, b. = Stenocranus unipunctatus Beamer, 1946a: 5 (nec Provancher 1872); syn. and status by Hamilton 2006: 499. Metcalf 1943, Beamer 1946a, Moore 1950a, b, c; Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Gonzon et al. 2006 Beamer 1946a, Hamilton 2006 Beamer 1946a, Moore 1950a, b; Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton 2006, Bartlett & Wheeler 2007 Terauchiana Matsumura, 1915 (Type species Terauchiana singularis Matsumura, 1915). n. sp. Hamilton 2006: 502; see Kelisicranus arundiniphagus Bartlett, 2006. Delphacinae Leach, 1815 Saccharosydnini Vilbaste, 1968 Saccharosydne Kirkaldy, 1907a (Type species Delphax saccharivora Westwood, 1833). saccharivora (Westwood, 1833) [Metcalf 1943: 225] = Delphax saccharivora Westwood, 1833: 413. = Stenocranus saccharivora (Westwood, 1833); comb, by Kirkaldy 1906: 279, 409. = Saccharosydne saccharivora (Westwood, 1833); comb, by Kirkaldy 1907a: 139. = Megamelanus rufivittatus Ball, 1905: 119; syn. by Kennedy et al. 2012: 404-405. USA: FL, GA, HI, LA, MD, MS, NC, TX; Bahamas (Great Abaco, Long, Mangrove Cay, New Providence); Barbados, Bermuda, Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico (Chiapas, Federal District, Morelos, Oaxaca, Veracruz); Puerto Rico (inc. Vieques Island), Trinidad, Venezuela; Virgin Islands (Guana), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Grenada, Guadeloupe, St. Lucia) Metcalf 1943, Fennah 1945a, 1959, Wolcott 1950, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Metcalfe 1969, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wilson & Hilburn 1991, Meagher et al. 1993, Rodriguez-Leon et al. 1994a, Woodruff et al. 1998, Bartlett 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Wilson 2005, Gonzon et al. 2006, Batiz et al. 2009; Kennedy et al. 2012 Continued 108 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Delphacini Leach, 1815 Achorotile Fieber, 1866b (Type species Delphax albosignata Dahlbom, 1850). = Achrotile; missp. by Scudder, 1963; Maw et al. 2000: 83. = Archortile, missp. by Strickland 1953: 209. Subgenus Achorotile Fieber, 1866b acuta Scudder, 1963 USA: UT; CAN: AB, QC, SK, YK = Achrotile acuta Scudder, 1963; missp. by Scudder 1963: 167. albosignata (Dahlbom 1850) [Metcalf 1943: 130, Reported in error USA: NY: CAN: AB Delphax] Palearctic: Austria, Denmark?, England, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Mongolia, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden apicata Hamilton, 2002a USA: UT coloradensis Beamer, 1954 USA: CO Subgenus Criochora Anufriev & Emeljanov 1980 (Type species Achorotile caecianta Emeljanov, 1976). angulata Beamer, 1954 curvata Beamer, 1954 distincta Scudder, 1963 USA: CO USA: AZ CAN: AB, BC, SK foveata Spooner, 1912 [Metcalf 1943: 132] pediforma Beamer, 1954 stylata Beamer, 1954 USA: CA, WY USA: WA USA: CA, ID, MT, WY: CAN: AB, BC, YK subarctica Scudder, 1963 USA: AK; CAN: AB, BC, NT, YK = Achrotile subarctica Scudder, 1963; missp. by Palearctic: Russia (Buryat Autonomous Scudder 1963: 169. Region, Chita, Chukchi Autonomous District, Khabarovsk Territory, Taymyr Autonomous District, Yakut Autonomous Republic), Mongolia transbaicalica Kusnezov, 1929 [Metcalf 1943: 133] CAN: NT?; Russia, Mongolia, Turkestan Aethodelphax Bartlett & Hamilton, 2011 (Type species Aethodelphax prairianus Bartlett & Hamilton, 2011). aetocephalus (Beamer, 1948b) USA: FL, LA, MS, TX = Delphacodes aetocephala Beamer, 1948b: 97-98, 105. = Aethodelphax aetocephalus (Beamer, 1948b); comb, by Bartlett & Hamilton 2011: 54-55. alatus (Beamer, 1948c) USA: FL = Delphacodes alata Beamer, 1948c: 118-119. = Aethodelphax alatus (Beamer, 1948c); comb, by Bartlett & Hamilton 2011: 55-56. Scudder 1963, Maw et al. 2000, Wilson 1992, 1997 Kirkaldy 1901b, Strickland 1940, 1953; Metcalf 1943, Beamer 1954, Scudder 1963, Ossiannilsson 1978, Wilson & McPherson 1980, Anufriev & Emeljanov 1981 Hamilton 2002a, b Beamer 1954 Beamer 1954 Beamer 1954 Scudder 1963, Maw et al. 2000 Metcalf 1943, Beamer 1954 Beamer 1954 Beamer 1954, Scudder 1963, Wilson 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000 Scudder 1963, Anufriev & Emeljanov 1981, Wilson 1988, 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000 Metcalf 1943, Anufriev & Emeljanov 1981, Maw et al. 2000 Beamer 1948b, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Bartlett & Hamilton 2011 Beamer 1948c, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Bartlett & Hamilton 2011 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 109 caninus (Beamer, 1947) = Delphacodes canina Beamer, 1947: 60, 69. = Aethodelphax caninus (Beamer, 1947); comb, by Bartlett & Hamilton 2011: 56-57. concavus (Beamer, 1948c) = Delphacodes concava Beamer, 1948c: 113, 117. = Aethodelphax concavus (Beamer, 1948c); comb, by Bartlett & Hamilton 2011: 57-59. megadontus (Beamer, 1951a) = Delphacodes megadonta Beamer, 1951a: 11-12, 14. = Aethodelphax megadontus (Beamer, 1951a); comb, by Bartlett & Hamilton 2011: 59-60. paraparvulus (Beamer, 1948c) = Delphacodes paraparvula Beamer, 1948c: 112-113, 117. = Aethodelphax paraparvulus (Beamer, 1948c); comb, by Bartlett & Hamilton 2011: 60-61. prairianus Bartlett & Hamilton, 2011: 52-53. USA: AZ; Mexico (Chihuahua). USA: FL, GA, TN USA: KS, MN, MO, WI USA: MS USA: IL, MI, MO, NE, SD, WI; CAN: MB. Beamer 1947, Bartlett & Hamilton 2011 Beamer 1948c, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Bartlett & Hamilton 2011 Beamer 1951a, Wilson et al. 1993, Bartlett & Hamilton 2011 Beamer 1948c, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Bartlett & Hamilton 2011 Bartlett & Hamilton 2011 sagittatus (Beamer, 1947) USA: FL, GA, LA = Delphacodes sagittata Beamer 1947: 64, 71. = Aethodelphax sagittatus (Beamer, 1947); comb, by Bartlett & Hamilton 2011: 61-63. Akemetopon Weglarz & Bartlett, 2011 (Type species Akemetopon inornatum Weglarz & Bartlett, 2011). ainigma Weglarz & Bartlett, 2011 USA: AZ comptum (Beamer, 1948c) USA: CA = Delphacodes compta Beamer, 1948c: 115-116. = Akemetopon comptum (Beamer, 1948c); new combination. inornatum Weglarz & Bartlett, 2011 USA: AZ Bakerella Crawford, 1914 (Type species Bakerella maculata Crawford, 1914). angulata Beamer, 1950b USA: FL Beamer 1947, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Bartlett & Hamilton 2011 Weglarz & Bartlett 2011 Beamer 1948c Weglarz & Bartlett 2011 Beamer 1950b, Wilson & McPherson 1980b bidens Beamer, 1945b bullata Beamer, 1950b cinerea Beamer, 1945b USA: AZ, KS, NM USA: FL, LA, MD, TX USA: AR, KS, MO, PA Beamer 1945b Beamer 1950b, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Beamer 1945b, Wilson et al. 1993 cornigera Beamer, 1950b fusca Beamer, 1945b maculata Crawford, 1914 [Metcalf 1943: 220] minuta Beamer, 1950b USA: DE, PA, VA, WV USA: AZ, NM, TX USA: TX?; Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero) (reported in error: USA: MS, OH: CAN: QC) USA: FL, GA Beamer 1950b, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Beamer 1945b Crawford 1914, Metcalf 1943, Moore 1950a, b (Described from Mexico with Texas specimen tentatively included) Beamer 1950b, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Continued no PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES muscotana Beamer, 1946b pediforma Beamer, 1950b penefiisca Beamer, 1950b rotundifrons Beamer, 1945b spinifera Beamer, 1950b USA: IL, KS, NC, NY; CAN: BC, MB USA: FL, LA, MS USA: CT, NC, NH, PA, VT; CAN: ON USA: IL, KS, TX USA: GA Beamer 1946b, c, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Maw et al. 2000 Beamer 1950b, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Beamer 1950b, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000 Beamer 1945b, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b Beamer 1950b, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Bostaera Ball, 1902b (Type species Bostaera nasuta Ball, 1902b). = Cochise Kirkaldy, 1907b (type species Cochise apacheanus Kirkaldy, 1907b); syn. by Muir 1913: 239. = Tricranoneura Horvath, 1922 (Type species Delphacodes bolivari Melichar 1901b); syn. by Muir 1925b: 279. balli Penner, 1952 USA: FL, GA, NC Penner 1952, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Tsai & Mead 1982 nasuta Ball, 1902b [Metcalf 1943: 222] USA: AZ, CA, CO, FL, GA, KS, NC, NM, OK, TX, UT; Mexico (Federal District, Quintana Roo), Honduras Caenodelphax Fennah, 1965a (Type species Liburnia teapae Fowler, 1905). atridorsum (Beamer, 1947) USA: OR, MT = Delphacodes atridorsum Beamer, 1947. = Caenodelphax atridorsum (Beamer, 1947); comb, by Hamilton 2002a: 17. nigriscutellata (Beamer, 1947) USA: IA, KS, MO, SD; CAN: AB, MB, ON = Delphacodes nigriscutellata Beamer, 1947: 62-63. = Caenodelphax nigriscutellata (Beamer, 1947); comb, by Bouchard et al. 2001: 49. = Caenodelphax nigriscutellatus (Beamer, 1947); unjustified emendation by Hamilton 2002a: 17. Metcalf 1943, Penner 1952 (eastern records should be verified) Beamer 1947, Hamilton 2002a, b Beamer 1947, Wilson et al. 1993, Maw et al. 2000, Bouchard et al. 2001, Hamilton 2002a BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 111 teapae (Fowler, 1905) [Metcalf 1943: 519] = Liburnia teapae Fowler, 1905: 135. = Delphacodes teapae (Fowler, 1905); comb, by Wolcott 1923; 274. = Caenodelphax teapae (Fowler, 1905); comb, by Fennah 1965a: 96. Chionomus Fennah, 1971a (Type species Delphacodes havanae Muir & Giffard, 1924). balboae (Muir & Giffard, 1924) [Metcalf 1943: 409] = Delphacodes balboae Muir & Giffard, 1924: 36. = Chionomus balboae (Muir & Giffard, 1924); comb, by Fennah 1971a: 324. havanae (Muir & Giffard, 1924) [Metcalf 1943: 452] = Delphacodes havanae Muir & Giffard, 1924: 37. = Chionomus havanae (Muir & Giffard, 1924); comb, by Fennah 1971a: 323-324. Conomelus Fieber, 1866b (Type species Delphax anceps Germar, 1821). anceps (Germar, 1821) [Metcalf 1943: 259, Delphax] Criomorphus Curtis, 1833 (Type species Criomorphus albomarginatus Curtis, 1833). inconspicuus (Uhler, 1877) [Metcalf 1943: 343, Stiroma ] = Criomorphus conspicuus Metcalf, 1923: 212; new synonymy. = Criomorphus wilhelmi Anufriev & Averkin, 1982b: 131; new synonymy. Delphacodes Fieber, 1866b (Type species Delphax mulsanti Fieber, 1866b). USA: FL, TX; Bahamas (New Providence), Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Cayman Islands (Cayman Brae), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico (Chiapas, Federal District, Guerrero, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico (inc. Mona Is.), St. Lucia, Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas, St. Vincent, St. Croix), Venezuela Also reported Galapagos (Santa Cruz; adventive?) USA: FL; Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Cayman Islands (Grand Cayman, Cayman Brae), Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Veracruz), Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, Venezuela USA: FL; Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Cayman Is. (Grand Cayman, Cayman Brae), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Jamaica, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Sinaloa, Veracruz), Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico (inc. Mona Island), Trinidad, Venezuela CAN: NF (adventive) Palearctic: Austria, Belgium, "Czechoslovakia," Denmark, England, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Wales (reported in error: Algeria, Bulgaria, Italy, Sardinia, "Yugoslavia") USA: AK, CO, CT, IL, MA, NH, NJ, NY?; CAN: AB, NS, NT, ON, PE, QC, SK, YK; Mongolia, Russia (Amur, Kamchatka Magadan, Sakhalin, Primor'ye Territory and the Kurile Islands) Fowler 1905, Metcalf 1943, Fennah 1945a, 1959, 1965a, 1967a; Wolcott 1950, Caldwell 1950a, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Miskimen & Bond 1970, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Metcalf 1943, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Fennah 1959, Kennedy et al. 2012 Metcalf 1943, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Fennah 1959, 1971; Wilson 1983, Rodriguez-Leon et al. 1994a, Kennedy et al. 2012 Metcalf 1943, Hoch & Remane 1983, Wheeler & Hoebeke 2008 Metcalf 1943, 1949; Moore 1950a, b; Strickland 1953, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wilson 1988, 1992; Maw et al. 2000 Continued 112 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES aculeata Beamer, 1948b acuministyla Dozier, 1926 [Metcalf 1943: 398] adunca Beamer, 1948b androtneda (Van Duzee, 1907) [Metcalf 1943: 405, Libumia \ = Pissonotus speciosus Metcalf, 1923: 205; syn. by Morgan & Beamer 1949: 142. angulata Beamer, 1947 anufrievi Wilson, 1992 apicata Beamer, 1948b arcuata Beamer, 1948b = Delphacodes albinotata Muir & Giffard, 1924: 36 (nec Crawford, 1914). = Delphacodes arcuata Beamer, 1948b: 104, 106; replacement name for unavailable D. albinotata Muir & Giffard, 1924. balli Muir & Giffard, 1924 [Metcalf 1943: 409] bellicosa Muir & Giffard, 1924 [Metcalf 1943: 410] bocana Beamer, 1946d caerulata Beamer, 1947 carinata (Glover, 1877) ( incertae sedis) [Metcalf 1943: 416] = Delphax carinata Glover, 1877: 27. = Delphacodes carinata (Glover, 1877); comb, by Metcalf 1943: 416. culta (Van Duzee, 1907) (incertae sedis) [Metcalf 1943: 422, Libumia] curvistyla Dozier, 1926 [Metcalf 1943: 422] dentis Beamer, 1948b detecta (Van Duzee, 1897) [Metcalf 1943: 425] = Libumia detecta Van Duzee, 1897: 248. = Delphacodes detecta (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 26. = Megamelus vanduzeei Crawford, 1914: 607, 622; syn. by Muir & Giffard 1924: 26. = Libumia vanduzeei (Crawford 1914); comb, by Van Duzee 1916a: 84. = Delphacodes vanduzeei (Crawford 1914); comb, by Moore 1950a: 257; 1950b: 32. USA: FL USA: AL, AR, CT, DE, FL, GA, LA, MD, MO, MS, NH, NJ, TN, VA USA: FL, GA, NC Beamer 1948b, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Metcalf 1943, Beamer 1951a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wilson et al. 1993, Gonzon et al. 2006 Beamer 1948b, Wilson & McPherson 1980b USA: AR, CT, DC, DE, GA, KY, MA, MD, MO, MS, NC, NJ, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA; Belize, Cuba, Guyana, Jamaica, Puerto Rico Metcalf 1943, 1949; Wolcott 1950, DuBose 1960, Wray 1967, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Giri & Freytag 1983b, (FL, IL); Wilson et al. 1993, Lago & Testa 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006 USA:KS, MO, OK, TX Beamer 1947, Wilson et al. 1993 CAN: BC, SK, YK Wilson 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000 USA: AZ, CO Beamer 1948b USA: FL; Belize, Cayman Islands (Cayman Brae), Cuba, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico (Tamaulipas, Veracruz), Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico (inc. Vieques Is.) Metcalf 1943, Beamer 1948b, Caldwell 1950a, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Fennah 1959, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, USA: NC, CT; CAN: ON USA: CA USA: TX USA: KS, MO USA Metcalf 1943, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000 Metcalf 1943, Wilson 1985 Beamer 1946d Beamer 1947, Wilson et al. 1993 Metcalf 1943 USA: FL; Bermuda, Cuba, Jamaica. USA: LA, MS USA: TX; CAN: NT USA: CT, DE, FL, GA, LA, MA, MD, ME, MS, NC, NJ, NY, RI, SC, TX, VA, VT; CAN: NS, PE, QC; Anguilla, Bahamas (Exuma, Berry); Bermuda, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico (inc. Vieques Is.), St. Thomas, Turks & Caicos Metcalf 1943, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Metcalf 1943 Beamer 1948b, Wilson 1992, 1997 Metcalf 1943, Oman 1947, Wolcott 1950, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, DuBose 1960, Davis & Gray 1966, Bickley & Seek 1975, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wilson & Hilburn 1991, Denno et al. 1991, Lago & Testa 2000, Maw et al. 2000 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 113 furcata (Provancher, 1872) ( incertae sedis) [Metcalf USA: NH, NY; CAN: ON, QC 1943: 449, Delphax ] hemiptera (Germar, 1818) ( incertae sedis) [Metcalf 1943: 452] = Delphax hemiptera Germar, 1818: 217. = Liburnia hemiptera (Germar, 1818); comb, by Fieber 1872: 5. = Delphacodes hemiptera (Germar, 1818); comb, by Metcalf 1943: 454. incurva Beamer, 1948a Reported in error USA: AK Sweden, Ireland, England, Germany, Latvia, Netherlands USA: CT, UT; CAN: BC indent istyla Dozier, 1926 [Metcalf 1943: 455] = [Delphacodes] indentistytla Dozier 1926: 261; missp. by Wilson & McPherson 1980b: 12. lappae Beamer, 1946d latidens Beamer, 1948a livida Beamer, 1948a luteivitta (Walker, 1851) [Metcalf 1943: 171] = Delphax luteivitta Walker, 1851: 354. = Dicranotropis (?) luteivitta (Walker, 1851); comb, by Van Duzee 1916a: 84. = Stenocranus luteivitta (Walker, 1851); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 12. = Delphacodes luteivitta (Walker, 1851); comb, by Bartlett 2010: 472. mcateei Muir & Giffard, 1924 [Metcalf 1943: 468] USA: FL, MS, NC USA: CA, TX USA: AZ, KS, NM, OK, TX, UT; Mexico (Zacatecas) USA: CT USA: FL ("United States") USA: AR, DE, FL, IL, KS, KY, MD, ME, MO, NC, NE, NJ, OK, TN Metcalf 1943, Moore 1950a, b; Wilson & McPherson 1980b (Note: this species unlikely to be valid, evidently described from females; noted by Van Duzee 1894: 248 as a possible synonym of Liburnia arvensis (Fitch), but listed as a syn. of Megamelus pellucidus (Fabricius) by Crawford 1914: 615) Metcalf 1943 Beamer 1948a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000 Metcalf 1943, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Beamer 1946d Beamer 1948a, Wilson & Wheeler 2010 Beamer 1948a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Metcalf 1943, Bartlett 2010 Metcalf 1943, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Giri & Frey tag 1983b, Wilson et al. 1993, Gonzon, et al. 2006 nigrifacies Muir, 1918a [Metcalf 1943: 472] = Delphacodes xerosa Caldwell, 1951 in Caldwell & Martorell 1951; syn. by Kennedy et al. 2012: 404-405. nigrinota Beamer, 1951a nigripennata Beamer, 1946d USA: FL; Belize, Bolivia, Cayman Islands Metcalf 1943, Caldwell & (Cayman Brae), Costa Rica, Cuba, Martorell 1951, Fennah Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Honduras, 1959, Calvert, Tsai & Martinique, Mexico (Federal District, Wilson 1987 Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Montserrat, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, St. Thomas, St. Vincent, Venezuela USA: TX; Mexico (Veracruz); Ecuador, Beamer 1951a Nicaragua USA: FL, KS, NC Beamer 1946d, DuBose 1960, Wray 1967, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Continued 114 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES nitens Muir & Giffard, 1924 [Metcalf 1943: 473] = Pissonotus nigridorsum Metcalf, 1923: 206; new synonymy ( Delphacodes nitens used as replacement name to avoid homonymy with Delphacodes nigridorsum (Crawford, 1914), here moved to Isodelphax). pacifica (Crawford, 1914) [Metcalf 1943: 478, Megamelus] penedetecta Beamer, 1950a penepuella Beamer, 1948a puella (Van Duzee, 1897) [Metcalf 1943: 499] = Liburnia puella Van Duzee 1897: 250, 227. = Delphax puella (Van Duzee 1897); comb, by Kirkaldy 1907a: 160-161. = Megamelus puella (Van Duzee 1897); comb, by Crawford 1914: 622, 625, 626. = Delphacodes puella (Van Duzee 1897); comb, by Muir 1917: 337; DuBose 1960: 51. = Calligypona puella (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Kontkanen 1958: 143. quadridentis Beamer, 1948b quadrispinosa Muir & Giffard, 1924 [Metcalf 1943: 502] recurvata Beamer, 1948a rivularis (Germar, 1830) ( incertae sedis ) [Metcalf 1943: 503, Delphax] scolochloa Cronin & Wilson 2007 seminigra (Stal, 1854) [Metcalf 1943: 505] = Delphax seminigra Stal, 1854: 246. = Liburnia seminigra (Stal, 1854); comb, by Van Duzee 1907: 46. = Megamelus seminigra (Stal, 1854); comb, by Crawford 1914: 631; Barber 1914: 528. = Delphacodes seminigra (Stal, 1854); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 38. USA: CO, DE, DC, IL, MD, MO, NC, NJ, NY, OH, PA, TN, TX USA: AZ, CA, CO, FL, GA, IL, KS, LA, MO, MS, NC, NM, OK, SC, TX, UT; Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Federal District, Jalisco, Michoacan, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosi, Sonora), Panama, Venezuela USA: AL, FL, LA, MS, NJ, TX USA: FL, NY USA: AL, AR, CA, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MO, MS, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, VA, VT, WA, WI, WV; CAN: ON, NS, QC; Bermuda, Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico (Veracruz), Puerto Rico, Venezuela (reported in error: Australia, Brazil and Hawaii) USA: FL, GA, MS USA: FL, LA; Cuba, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua USA: DC, DE, FL, MD, NC, NJ, PA USA: GA USA: ND USA: CO?, FL?; Brazil, Jamaica (US records probably in error; Type locality Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) Metcalf 1943, 1949; Wilson & McPherson 1980b, c; Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006 Metcalf 1943, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Meagher et al. 1993, Gonzon et al. 2006 Beamer 1950a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Denno et al. 1991, Lago & Testa 2000, Ferrenberg & Denno 2002 Beamer 1948a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Metcalf 1943, Proctor 1946, Oman 1947, Wolcott 1950, Moore 1950a, b, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Kontkanen 1958, DuBose 1960, Bickley & Seek 1975, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Weber & Wilson 1981, Giri & Freytag 1983b, Giri et al. 1985, Wilson & Hilburn 1991, Denno et al. 1991,Wilson et al. 1993, Maw et al. 2000, Lago & Testa 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006, Benton & McCreadie 2009 Beamer 1948b, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Metcalf 1943, Kennedy et al. 2012 Beamer 1948a, DuBose 1960, Wray 1967, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Weber & Wilson 1981 Metcalf 1943, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Cronin & Wilson 2007 Metcalf 1943, Wilson & McPherson 1980b BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 115 shermani (Metcalf, 1923) [Metcalf 1943: 505, Liburnia ] silvae Beamer, 1946d staminata (Metcalf, 1923) [Metcalf 1943: 511, Liburnia] stricklandi Metcalf, 1946b sucinea Beamer, 1948c trimaculata Beamer, 1948a USA: KS, MD, MO, NC USA: FL, TX USA: IL CAN: AB, MB, SK USA: AL, FL, GA, MS, SC USA: AR, CT, DC, FL, IL, MD, TN, VA truncata Beamer, 1948b USA: DE, FL, GA, LA, MD, MO, MS, TN, TX, VA turgida Beamer, 1948b USA: FL, GA uniformis Metcalf, 1943 ( incertae sedis) [Metcalf CAN: QC 1943: 521] = Delphax unicolor Walker, 1851: 354. = Liburnia unicolor (Walker, 1851); Van Duzee, 1916: 84. = Delphacodes uniformis Metcalf, 1943: 521; replacement name for unavailable Delphax unicolor Walker, 1851 (nec Herrich-Schaffer 1835). = Delphacodes unicolor (Walker, 1851); comb, by Moore 1950a: 257; 1950b:32. vaccina Caldwell, 1951 (in Caldwell & Martorell USA: FL; Puerto Rico 1951) waldeni (Metcalf, 1923) [Metcalf 1943: 522, USA: CT, TN; CAN: ON Liburnia] Metcalf 1943, Beamer 1947, DuBose 1960, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Denno et al. 1991 Beamer 1946d Metcalf 1943, 1949; Wilson & McPherson 1980b Metcalf 1946b, Strickland 1953, Maw et al. 2000 Beamer 1948c, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wi lson & Wheeler 2010 Beamer 1948a, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Gonzon et al. 2006, Wilson & Wheeler 2010 Beamer 1948b, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wilson et al. 1993, Gonzon et al. 2006 Beamer 1948b, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Walker 1851, Van Duzee 1897, Metcalf 1923, 1943; Moore 1950a, b. The type of this species is a nymph that is not a delphacid (Muir 1919a: 8) Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Kennedy et al. 2012 Metcalf 1943, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Paiero et al. 2003, Gonzon et al. 2006 Elachodelphax Vilbaste, 1965 (Type species Liburnia metcalfi Kuznezov, 1929). = Aschedelphax Wilson, 1992 (Type species Aschedelphax hochae Wilson, 1992); status (subgenus) by Hamilton 2002a: 17. Subgenus Aschedelphax Wilson, 1992 bifida (Beamer, 1948b) = Delphacodes bifida Beamer, 1948b: 99-100. = D[elphacodes] bifidus Beamer 1948b; unjustified emendation by Hamilton 2002a: 3. = Elachodelphax (Aschedelphax) bifida (Beamer, 1948b); comb, by Hamilton 2002a: 17. borealis Hamilton, 2002a USA: AZ, CO, NM, NY Beamer 1948b, Hamilton 2002a USA: NH, NY; CAN: AB, NF, NT, ON, QC Hamilton 2002a Continued 116 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES coloradensis (Beamer, 1952a) = Delphacodes coloradensis Beamer, 1952a: 114. = Aschedelphax coloradensis (Beamer, 1952a); comb, by Wilson 1992: 89-90. = Elachodelphax (Aschedelphax) coloradensis (Beamer, 1952); comb, by Hamilton 2002a: 17. hochae (Wilson, 1992) = Aschedelphax hochae Wilson, 1992: 89-90. = Elachodelphax (Aschedelphax) hochae (Wilson, 1992); comb, by Hamilton 2002a: 17. mazama Hamilton, 2002a paransera (Beamer, 1948b) = Delphacodes paransera Beamer, 1948b: 101-102. = Calligypona paransera (Beamer, 1948b); comb, by Kontkanen 1958: 143. = Elachodelphax (Aschedelphax) paransera (Beamer, 1948b); comb, by Hamilton & Kwon 2010: 421. pediforma (Beamer, 1947) = Delphacodes pediforma Beamer, 1947: 70. = Yukonodelphax pediforma (Beamer, 1947); comb, by Wilson 1992: 92. = D[elphacodes ] pedaforma (Beamer, 1947); missp. by Maw et al. 2000: 84; also Hamilton 2002a: 3. = Elachodelphax (Aschedelphax) pedaforma (Beamer, 1947); comb, and missp. by Hamilton 2002a: 17; also Hamilton & Kwon 2010: 17. peneparvula (Beamer, 1947) = Delphacodes peneparvula Beamer, 1947: 61-62. = Elachodelphax peneparvula (Beamer, 1947); new combination. unita Hamilton, 2002a Subgenus Elachodelphax Vilbaste, 1965 indistincta (Crawford, 1914) [Metcalf 1943: 455] = Megamelus indistinctus Crawford, 1914: 619. = Liburnia indistincta (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Van Duzee 1916a: 84. = Delphacodes indistincta (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 26. = Dlelphacodes] indistinctus (Crawford, 1914); unjustified emendation by Hamilton 2002a: 3. = Elachodelphax (Elachodelphax) indistinctus (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Hamilton 2002a: 17. Euides Fieber, 1866b (Type species Delphax basilinea Germar, 1821). = Euidella Puton, 1886 (Type species Delphax basilinea Germar, 1821) (Replacement name for Euides Fieber 1866b); syn. by Metcalf 1952: 230-231. USA: CA, CO CAN: AB, BC, SK, YK USA: NM, WA USA: ND, NH, NY, SD, WI; CAN: AB, MB, ON, SK USA: ID, WA; CAN: AB, BC, YK USA: KS, KY, MS, OK, TX USA: UT USA: AZ, CO, NM; CAN: AB, SK Beamer 1952a, Wilson 1992, Hamilton 2002a Wilson 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton 2002a Hamilton 2002a, b Beamer 1948b, Kontkanen 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton & Kwon 2010 Beamer 1947, Wilson 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton 2002a, b Beamer 1947, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Hamilton 2002a, b Metcalf 1943, Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton 2002a BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 117 fasciatella (Osborn, 1935) [Metcalf 1943: 109] = Liburniella fasciatella Osborn, 1935: 246-247. = Pissonotus striolus Osborn, 1935: 247; syn. by comb, by Caldwell & Martorell 1951: 190. = Euidella fasciatella (Osborn, 1935); comb, by Caldwell & Martorell 1951: 190. = Euides fasciatella (Osborn, 1935); comb, by implication Metcalf 1952: 230-231. = Delphacodes cornuta Beamer, 1948b: 96; syn. by Kennedy et al. 2012: 404-405. Eurybregina Scott, 1875 (Type species Eurybregma nigrolineata Scott, 1875). eurytion Hamilton, 2002a magnifrons (Crawford, 1914) [Metcalf 1943: 117] = Megamelus magnifrons Crawford, 1914: 614. = Liburnia magnifrons (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Van Duzee 1916a: 84. = Eurysa magnifrons (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 8. = Chilodelphax magnifrons (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Wilson 1988: 337-338. = Eurybregma magnifrons (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Hamilton 2002a: 19. montana (Beamer, 1952b) = Eurysa montana Beamer, 1952b: 54-55. = Eurybregma montana (Beamer, 1952b); comb, by by Hamilton 2002a: 19. obesa (Beamer, 1952b) = Eurysa obesa Beamer, 1952b: 52-54. = Eurybregma obesa (Beamer, 1952b); comb, by by Hamilton 2002a: 19. Eurysa Fieber, 1866b (Type species Delphax lineata Perris, 1857). kormusi (Crawford, 1914) [Metcalf 1943: 114, Megamelus] Ealcotoya Fennah, 1969b (Type species Falcotoya aurinia Fennah, 1969b) sagae Beamer, 1946d = Delphacodes sagae Beamer, 1946d: 141. = Falcotoya sagae (Beamer, 1946d); new combination. USA: FL; Belize, Costa Rica, Mexico (Veracruz), Puerto Rico, Panama USA: ID, MT: CAN: BC USA: AK, CA, CO, ID, MT, NM, UT, WA, WY; CAN: AB, BC, NT, SK, YK USA: WY; CAN: AB USA: MT, NV, OR, UT, WA, WY; CAN: BC USA: CA, NV, UT USA: IL, MD, MO, NC, NY, TN; CAN: ON Beamer 1948b, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Kennedy et al. 2012 Hamilton 2002a, b Metcalf 1943, Beamer 1952b, Wilson 1988, 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton 2002b Baeamer 1952b, Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton 2002a Baeamer 1952b, Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton 2002a Metcalf 1943, Beamer 1952b Beamer 1946d, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Wilson et al. 1993, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006 Harmalia Fennah, 1969b (Type species Sogata thoracica Distant, 1916). = Paracorbulo Tian & Ding, 1980 (in Tian et al. 1980) (Type species Sogata sirokata Matsumura & Ishihara 1945); syn. by Yang 1989: 198-199. anacharsis Fennah, 1969b USA: FL (adventive); New Caledonia, = Paracorbulo amplexicaulis Tian & Ding, 1980: India, Indonesia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, 316 (in Tian et al. 1980); syn. by Ding 2006: Vietnam, China 549-550. Fennah 1969b, 1975, 1978a; Wilson & Claridge 1991, Wooten et al. 1993, Wilson 2005 Isodelphax Fennah, 1963a (Type species Liburnia basivitta Van Duzee, 1909). Continued 118 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES basivitta (Van Duzee, 1909) [Metcalf 1943: 409] = Liburnia basivitta Van Duzee, 1909: 202. = Megamelus basivitta (Van Duzee, 1909); comb, by Crawford 1914: 626. = Delphacode s basivitta (Van Duzee, 1909); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 27. = Isodelphax basivitta (Van Duzee, 1909); comb, by Fennah 1963a: 16. USA: AL, AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MO, MN, MS, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NV, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WI; CAN: AB, MN, ON, QC Metcalf 1943, Moore 1950a, b; Du Bose 1960, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b,c; Wilson et al. 1993, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006 montezumae (Muir & Giffard, 1924) [Metcalf 1943: 470] = Delphacode s montezumae Muir & Giffard, 1924: 27. = Isodelphax montezumae (Muir & Giffard, 1924); new combination. USA: KY; Mexico (Federal District) Muir & Giffard 1924, Metcalf 1943, Giri & Freytag 1983b, Giri et al. 1985 nigridorsum (Crawford, 1914) [Metcalf 1943: 471] = Megamelus nigridorsum Crawford, 1914: 620. = Liburnia nigridorsum (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Van Duzee, 1916: 84. = Delphacode s nigridorsum (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Metcalf, 1928: 182. = Isodelphax nigridorsum (Crawford, 1914); new combination. = Delphacodes dentipennis Beamer, 1948b; new synonymy. USA: CO, CT, DC, MD, ME, MI, NC, NJ, NM, NY, OH, VA, WI; CAN: AB, LB, ON, QC, SK, YK Metcalf 1943, Beamer 1948b, Moore 1950a, b; DuBose 1960, Wray 1967, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wilson 1992, 1997, Maw et al. 2000 plenatra Beamer, 1948c = Delphacodes plenatra Beamer, 1948c: 114-115. = Isodelphax plenatra (Beamer, 1948c); new combination. USA: AZ, NM, UT Beamer 1948c Javesella Fennah, 1963a (Type species Fulgora pellucida Fabricius, 1794). = Weidnerianella Wagner, 1963 (Type species Fulgora pellucida Fabricius, 1794; syn. by Wagner 1966: 91; see also Le Quesne 1964: 57. = Javasella Fennah, 1963a; missp. by Maw et al. 2000: 84 and Hamilton 2002a: 17. arcanastyla (Beamer, 1948b) = Delphacodes arcanastyla Beamer, 1948b: 101. = ]avesella arcanastyla (Beamer, 1948b); comb, by Wilson 1988: 341. = Delphacodes arcanistyla Beamer, 1948b; missp. by Maw et al. 2000: 83. USA: AK, MI, WA, WI, WY; CAN: BC, LB, NF, ON, QC Beamer 1948b, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wilson 1988, Maw et al. 2000 atrata (Osborn, 1938) [Metcalf 1943: 406] = Delphacodes atrata Osborn, 1938: 344. = Javesella atrata (Osborn, 1938); comb, by Wilson 1988: 341. USA: AK, CT, DE, IL, NH, NY, OH, UT; CAN: AB, MB, ON, QC, YK Metcalf 1943, Beamer 1951a, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Wilson 1988, Maw et al. 2000 beringiaca Emeljanov, 1988 CAN: MB, SK, YK; Russia (Kamchatka, Magadan, Sakhalin Regions) Wilson 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 119 discolor (Boheman, 1847) [Metcalf 1943: 427] = Delphax discolor Boheman, 1847: 61. = L iburnia discolor (Boheman, 1847); comb, by Scott 1870b: 75. = Delphacodes discolor (Boheman, 1847); comb, by Le Quesne, 1964: 57. = javesella discolor (Boheman, 1847); comb, by Le Quesne 1964: 57. = Delphax fuscipennis Kirschbaum 1868: 29; syn. by Wagner 1939: 125. = Delphax nitidula Kirschbaum 1868: 36; syn. by Wagner 1939: 125. = Delphax patens Kirschbaum 1868: 36; syn. by Wagner 1939: 125. = Delphax similis Kirschbaum 1868: 30; syn. by Wagner 1939: 125. USA: AK; CAN: NT, YK Widespread in Europe (including U.K.), eastern Russia, Asia, Northern Africa: Algeria, Austria, Belgium, "Czechoslovakia" (Bohemia, Moravia, Slovakia), Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain (England, Scotland, Wales), Ireland, Italy (including Sicily), Hungary, Latvia, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkestan. Ukraine Metcalf 1943, Wilson 1988, 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000 dolera (Spooner, 1912) [Metcalf 1943: 432] = Liburnia dolera Spooner, 1912: 240. = Megamelus dolerus (Spooner, 1912); comb, by Crawford 1914: 630. = Delphacodes dolera (Spooner, 1912); comb, by Metcalf 1928: 182. = [ Javesella ] dolera (Spooner, 1912); comb, by Maw et. al. 2000: 84. USA: IL, NY, VA; CAN: AB, ON Metcalf 1943, Beamer 1951a, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Maw et al. 2000 incerta (Van Duzee, 1897) [Metcalf 1943: 238] = Liburnia incerta Van Duzee, 1897: 227, 258. = Dicranotropis incerta (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 17. = Delphacodes incerta (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Metcalf 1928: 182; Oman 1947: 210-211. = Javesella incerta (Van Duzee, 1897); new combination. USA: MI, NY, OH; CAN: QC Metcalf 1943, Oman 1947, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000 lla Wilson, 1992 USA: NH, WA; CAN: YK Wilson 1992, 1997 lutulentella (Muir & Giffard, 1924) [Metcalf 1943: 466] = Delphacodes lutulentella Muir & Giffard, 1924: 24. = Javesella lutulentella (Muir & Giffard, 1924); comb, by Maw et. al. 2000: 84. USA: CA; CAN: BC Metcalf 1943, Maw et al. 2000 obscurella (Boheman, 1847) [Metcalf 1943: 474] = Delphax obscurella Boheman, 1847: 53. = Liburnia obscurella Boheman, 1847; comb, by Scott 1870a: 28. = Delphacodes obscurella (Boheman, 1847); comb, by China 1938b: 197. = Javesella obscurella (Boheman, 1847); comb, by Le Quesne 1964: 57. USA: AK; CAN: NT, YK (reported in error: USA: NY) Palearctic: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, "Czechoslovakia", Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain (Inc. Scotland, Wales), Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Russia, "Yugoslavia" Metcalf 1943, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wilson 1988, 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000 opaca (Beamer, 1948a) = Delphacodes opaca Beamer 1948a: 8, 10. = Javesella opaca (Beamer, 1948a); comb, by Maw et. al., 2000: 84. USA: AL, CT, GA, MA, NC, NY, PA, SC, TN, VA; CAN: ON, QC Beamer 1948a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000, Wheeler 2003 Continued 120 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES pellucida (Fabricius 1794) [Metcalf 1943: 482] = Fulgora pellucida Fabricius, 1794: 7. = Cicada pellucida (Fabricius, 1794); comb, by Weber, 1795: 146. = Delphax pellucida (Fabricius, 1794); comb, by Fabricius, 1803: 84. = Asiraca pellucida (Fabricius, 1794); comb, by Latreille 1804: 318. = Liburnia pellucida (Fabricius, 1794); comb, by Stal 1869: 117. = Achorotile pellucida (Fabricius, 1794); comb, by Oshanin 1870: 48. = Megamelus pellucidus (Fabricius, 1794); comb, by Crawford 1914: 607, 615. = Liburnia arvensis (Fitch, 1856); syn. by Crawford 1914: 615 (error). = Liburnia semicinctus Van Duzee, 1917b: 315; syn. with Delphacodes pellucida by Muir & Giffard, 1924: 20. = Delphacodes pellucida (Fabricius, 1794); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 20. = Calligypona pellucida (Fabricius 1794); comb, by Kontkanen 1958: 143. = javesella pellucida (Fabricius, 1794); comb, by Fennah 1963a: 15. = Delphacodes stejnegeri (Ashmead, 1899: 340); syn. by Vilbaste 1980: 373. simillima (Linnavuori, 1948) = Calligypona simillima Linnavuori, 1948: 46. = Javesella simillima (Linnavuori, 1948); comb, by Nast 1972: 68. = Delphacodes saileri Beamer 1952: 114-115; syn. by Wilson 1988: 341. Kelisoidea Beamer, 1950c (Type species Kelisoidea versa Beamer, 1950c). versa Beamer, 1950c Keyflana Beamer, 1950c (Type species Keyflana hasta Beamer, 1950c). hasta Beamer, 1950c Kormus Fieber, 1866b (Type species Kormus artemisiae Fieber, 1866b). californicus Crawford, 1914 [Metcalf 1943: 293] Kosswigianella Wagner, 1963 (Type species Delphax exigua Boheman, 1847). = Acanthodelphax LeQuesne, 1964 (Type species Delphax denticauda Boheman, 1847); syn. by Hamilton 2002a: 20; status (subgenus) by Hamilton & Kwon (2010: 422). = Kosswigianell Wagner, 1963; missp. by Ding, 2006: 627. = Koswigianella Wagner, 1963; missp. by Dlabola 1966: 444. Subgenus Acanthodelphax LeQuesne, 1964 USA: AK, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE, ID, IL, MA, MD, ME, MI, MO, NC, ND, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OH, OR, PA, TN, UT, VT, WA, WI, WY; CAN: AB, BC, LB, MB, NB, NF, NS, NT, NU, ON, QC, SK, YK; Cuba, Puerto Rico Palearctic: Algeria, Austria, Belgium, "Czechoslovakia", Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany (inc. Baltrum Island), Great Britain, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Libya, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands (inc. Nijmegen as "Batavia"), Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Caucasus, Kamchatka, Sakhalin Island, Siberia, Transcaucasia), Sardinia, Scandinavia, Scotland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkestan, Wales, "Yugoslavia". Metcalf 1943, Proctor 1946, Moore 1950a, b; Wolcott 1950, Strickland 1953, Kontkanen 1958, DuBose 1960, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Wilson 1988, 1992, 1997; Denno et al. 1991, Wilson et al. 1993, Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006 USA: AK, MT; CAN: MB, NT, YK; Finland, Russia Beamer 1952a, Denno et al. 1991, Wilson 1988, 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000 USA: FL Beamer 1950c, Wilson & McPherson 1980b USA: FL, NC, MD Beamer 1950c, Davis & Gray 1966, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Denno et al. 1991, USA: CA Metcalf 1943 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 12.1 analis (Crawford, 1914) [Metcalf 1943: 404] USA: AK, GA, IL, MI, MN, NC, NY, VT, = Megarnelus analis Crawford, 1914: 620. Wl; CAN: AB, BC, LB, MB, ON, QC, = Liburnia analis (Crawford, 1914); comb, by SK, YK Van Duzee 1916a: 84. = Delphacode s analis (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 24. = Calligypona analis (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Kontkanen 1958: 143. = Acanthodelphax analis (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Wilson 1988: 338-339. = Kosswigianella analis (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Hamilton, 2002a: 20. wasatchi Hamilton, 2002a USA: UT Subgenus Kosswigianella Wagner, 1963 emeljanovi Wilson, 1992 CAN: AB, BC, NT, YK = Delphacodes emeljanovi Wilson, 1992: 95. = Kosswigianella emeljanovi (Wilson, 1992); new combination. Metcalf 1943, Oman 1947, Moore 1950a, b; Strickland 1953, Kontkanen 1958, DuBose 1960, Wray 1967, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Wilson 1988, 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000 Hamilton 2002a, b Wilson 1992, 1997, Maw et al. 2000 irrutilo Hamilton, 2002a USA: CO Hamilton 2002a, b lutulenta (Van Duzee, 1897) [Metcalf 1943: 466] = Liburnia lutulenta Van Duzee, 1897: 252. = Megarnelus lutulentus (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Crawford 1914: 606, 617. = Delphacodes lutulenta (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 23. = Calligypona lutulenta (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Kontkanen 1958: 143. = Kosswigianella lutulenta (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Hamilton & Kwon 2010: 421-422. USA: AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE, IL, IN, KS, KY, MA, MD, ME, MN, MO, NC, NH, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OK, PA, SD, TN, TX, UT, VA, VT, WI, WV; CAN: AB, BC, NS, ON, QC, SK; Puerto Rico Metcalf 1943, Moore 1950a, b; Wolcott 1950, Kontkanen 1958, DuBose 1960, Wray 1967, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b,c; Weber & Wilson 1981, Giri & Freytag 1983a, b; Giri et al. 1985, Wilson et al. 1993, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006, Wheeler & Bartlett 2006 lutulentoides Beamer, 1948a USA: MI, CA; CAN: AL, BC, SK = Delphacodes lutulentoides Beamer, 1948a: 5. = Kosswigianella lutulentoides (Beamer, 1948a); new combination. Beamer 1948a, Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton & Kwon 2010 perusta Beamer, 1947 = Delphacodes perusta Beamer, 1947: 62. = Kosswigianella perusta (Beamer, 1947); new combination. USA: IL, IN, MD, NC, NY, OH, SC, TN, VA Beamer 1947, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006 Kusnezoviella Vilbaste, 1965 (Type species Liburnia dimidiatifrons Kusnezov, 1929). macleani Wilson, 1988 = Kusnezoviella matisi Anufriev & Emeljanov, 1988: 405; syn. by Wilson 1992: 94. munda Beamer, 1948c = Delphacodes munda Beamer, 1948c: 116-117. = Kusnezoviella munda (Beamer, 1948c); new combination. USA: AK; CAN: NT, QC, YK; Russia (Magadan Region and Khabarovsk Territory). USA: CO; CAN: AB Wilson 1988, 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000 Beamer 1948c, Maw et al. 2000 Laccocera Van Duzee, 1897 (Type species Laccocera vittipennis Van Duzee, 1897) bicornata Crawford, 1914 [Metcalf 1943: 127] USA: CO canadensis Beirne, 1950a USA: MT; CAN: AB, BC, SK Metcalf 1943 Beirne 1950a, Scudder 1963, Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton 2002b Continued 122 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES flam Crawford, 1914 [Metcalf 1943: 129] = Laccocera zonata var.flava Crawford, 1914: 581. = Laccocera flava Crawford, 1914; status by Penner 1945: 40. USA: CA, CO, ID, MT, NV, OR, UT, WA, WY; CAN: AB, SK Metcalf 1943, Penner 1945, Beirne 1950a, Scudder 1963, Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton 2002b, Strickland 1953 lineata Scudder, 1963 USA: WA; CAN: AB, BC, SK Scudder 1963, Maw et al. 2000 minuta Penner, 1945 USA: AZ Penner 1945 obesa Van Duzee, 1897 [Metcalf 1943: 127] USA: AZ, CA, CO, IA, ID, KS, MT, NE, NM, NV, SD, TX, UT, WY; CAN: AB, SK Metcalf 1943, Penner 1945, Oman 1947, Beirne 1950a, Scudder 1963, Maw et al. 2000 oregonensis Penner, 1945 USA: ID, MT, OR, WA; CAN: BC Penner 1945, Beirne 1950a, Scudder 1963, Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton 2002b vanduzeei Penner, 1945 USA: AZ, CA, CO, ID, MT, NM, UT; CAN: BC Penner 1945, Scudder 1963, Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton 2002b, Wilson & Wheeler 2010 vittipennis Van Duzee, 1897 [Metcalf 1943: 128] USA: CA, CO, IA, ID, ME, MI, MN, MT, ND, NH, NV, NY, OR, SD, UT, WA, WY; CAN: AB, BC, MB, ON, QC, SK Metcalf 1943, Penner 1945, Proctor 1946, Oman 1947, Beirne 1950a, Moore 1950a, b, Strickland 1953, Kontkanen 1958, Scudder 1963, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton 2002b, zonata Van Duzee, 1897 [Metcalf 1943: 128] = Laccocera zonatus Van Duzee 1897: 243. = Laccocera zonata Van Duzee 1897; emendation by Crawford 1914: 521. USA: AZ, CA, CO, NV, MT; CAN: AB Metcalf 1943, Penner 1945, Oman 1947, Strickland 1953 Liburniella Crawford, 1914 (Type species Delphax ornata Stal, 1862a). ornata (Stal, 1862a) [Metcalf 1943: 109, Delphax] USA: AL, AR, CA, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MN, MO, MS, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, VT, WI, WV; CAN: BC, ON, QC; Bermuda (Reported in error: Ecuador) Metcalf 1943, Proctor 1946, Moore 1950a, b; Bickley & Seek 1975, Nixon & McPherson 1977, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Weber & Wilson 1981, Giri & Freytag 1983a, Wilson & Gill 1985, Giri et al. 1985, Wilson & Hilburn 1991, Wilson et al. 1993, Maw et al. 2000, Lago & Testa 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006, Benton & McCreadie 2009 Macrotomella Van Duzee, 1907 (Type species Macrotomella carinata Van Duzee, 1907). carinata Van Duzee, 1907 [Metcalf 1943: 337] USA: FL, IL, MO, NJ; Bahamas (Great Inagua, New Providence), Belize, Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico (Jalisco) Metcalf 1943, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 123 Megadelphax Wagner, 1963 (Type species Delphax sordidula Stal, 1853). bidentatus (Anufriev, 1970) = Ribautodelphax bidentatus Anufriev, 1970: 144. = Megadelphax bidentatus (Anufriev, 1970); comb, by Vilbaste 1980: 14. = Ribautodelphax bidentata Anufriev, 1970; unjustified emendation by Maw et al. 2000: 86. = Megadelphax binotatus (Anufriev, 1970); lapsus by Bartlett & Bowman 2004: 252. Megamelanus Ball, 1902b (Type species Megamelanus bicolor Ball, 1902b). bicolor Ball, 1902b [Metcalf 1943: 278] Megamelus Fieber, 1866b (Type species Delphax notula Germar, 1830). aestus Metcalf, 1923 [Metcalf 1943: 206] bifidus Beamer, 1955 coronus Beamer, 1955 davisi Van Duzee, 1897 [Metcalf 1943: 207] = Megamelus angulatus Osborn, 1905: 374; syn. by Beamer 1955: 29 [listed as Megamelus angulatus Osborn, 1903]. distinctus Metcalf, 1923 [Metcalf 1943: 207] falcatus Beamer, 1955 flavus Crawford, 1914 [Metcalf 1943: 214] = Megamelus notulus flavus Crawford, 1914: 609. = Megamelus flavus Crawford, 1914; status by Beamer 1955: 31. = Megamelus anticostus Metcalf, 1923; syn. by Beamer 1955: 31. = Megamelus uncus Metcalf, 1923; syn. by Beamer 1955: 31. gracilis Beamer, 1955 hamatus Beamer, 1955 inflatus Metcalf, 1923 [Metcalf 1943: 208] CAN: LB, NF, ON, QC; Russia, Mongolia USA: AZ, CA, CO, ID, KS, LA, NE, NM, NV, SD, UT USA: FL, IL, NC, NH; CAN: ON, QC, SK USA: KS, NY; CAN: ON USA: TX USA: CA, DC, DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, KS, MD, MI, MO, NC, NJ, NY, OH, PA, TN; CAN: ON USA: CT, IL, KS, MI, NC, NY, OH; CAN: NB, NF, NS, ON, PE, QC, SK USA: CT, NH, NY USA: AK, CO, DC, WY; CAN: AB, BC, MB, NB, NF, NS, NT, ON, QC, SK, YK; Mongolia, Russia (Kamchatka Region, Khabarovsk Territory, Sakhalin Region, Kurile Islands); Sakha (Yukutia) Republic, Japan. USA: FL USA: DE, FL, MD, VA USA: NY; CAN: NS, QC Anufriev 1970, Anufriev & Emeljanov 1988, Maw et al. 2000 Metcalf 1943, McDermott 1952 Metcalf 1943, 1949, Beamer 1955, Kontkanen 1958, Scudder 1964, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000 Beamer 1955, Scudder 1964, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000 Beamer 1955 Au 1941, Metcalf 1943, Oman 1947, Beamer 1955, Kontkanen 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c, 1981e; Denno et al. 1991, Asche 1997, Paiero et al. 2003 Metcalf 1943, 1949, Beamer 1955, Scudder 1964, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Maw et al. 2000 Beamer 1955, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Metcalf 1943, 1949; Moore 1950a, b; Beamer 1955, Scudder 1964, Wilson 1988, 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000, Wheeler & Hoebeke 2008 Beamer 1955, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Tsai & Mead 1982 Beamer 1955, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Metcalf 1943, 1949; Beamer 1955, Kontkanen 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000 Continued 124 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES lobatus Beamer, 1955 longicomis (Dozier, 1922) [Metcalf 1943: 209, Stenocranus] lunatus Beamer, 1955 metzaria Crawford, 1914 [Metcalf 1943: 209] notula (Germar, 1830) [Metcalf 1943: 210, Delphax] palaetus (Van Duzee, 1897) [Metcalf 1943: 214, Stenocranus ] recurvatus Beamer, 1955 toddi Beamer, 1955 trifidus Beamer, 1955 ungulatus Beamer, 1955 Meristopsis Kennedy et al. 2012 (Type species Meristopsis rhamphis Kennedy et al. 2012). melanosteptos Kennedy et al. 2012 rhamphis Kennedy et al. 2012 Metadelphax Wagner, 1963 (Type species Delphax propinqua Fieber, 1866b). = Metadelphax Wagner, 1963; syn. with Toy a by implication Fennah 1964: 142 (Type species moved to Toya ); Nast 1972:65, Linnavuori 1973: 107 (generic synonymy listed). Name restored by Ding 2006: 511; see also Gonzon & Bartlett 2008. = Meadelphax Wagner, 1963: Missp. by Kuoh et al. 1983: 155. USA: AL, CT, DE, FL, GA, LA, MD, MS, NC, NH, NJ, TX USA: LA, MS, TX USA: DE, IL, KS, NY; CAN: BC, ON, QC USA: IL, KS, MI, MO, NH, NC, NY, WI, WY; CAN: MB, NB, NS, ON, PE, QC, SK Reported in error USA: CO, MA, MS, NH, NY, OH; CAN: ON, QC Austria, Belgium, "Czechoslovakia", Denmark, England, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Scotland, Sweden, Wales, "Yugoslavia" USA: DC, DE, FL, GA, IL, LA, MS, NC, NY, SC, TX USA: ME; CAN: MB, ON USA: FL, LA USA: AL, FL USA: CT, DE, FL, GA, NC, N], NY USA: FL; Belize, Guatemala, Mexico (Oaxaca) USA: FL Beamer 1955, Davis & Gray 1966, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Denno et al. 1991, Lago & Testa 2000, Benton & McCreadie 2009 Metcalf 1943, Beamer 1955, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Beamer 1955, Scudder 1964, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b Metcalf 1943, Beamer 1955, Scudder 1964, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Wilson et al. 1993, Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton 2002c, Paiero et al. 2003 Metcalf 1943, Moore 1950a, b; Kontkanen 1958, Scudder 1964 Metcalf 1943, Oman 1947, Beamer 1955, Wilson & McPherson 1979a, 1980a, b, c; Denno et al. 1991 Beamer 1955, Scudder 1964, Maw et al. 2000 Beamer 1955, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Beamer 1955, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Denno et al. 1991, Benton & McCreadie 2009 Beamer 1955, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Weber & Wilson 1981 Kennedy et al. 2012 Kennedy et al. 2012 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 125 propinqua (Fieber, 1866b) [Metcalf 1943: 496] = Delphax propinqua Fieber, 1866b: 525. = Delphax hamulata Kirschbaum, 1868: 38; syn. by Fieber 1872: 5. = Liburnia propinqua (Fieber, 1866b); comb, by Fieber 1872: 5. = Delphacode s propinqua (Fieber, 1866b); comb, by Muir 1917: 335. = Liburnia terminalis Van Duzee, 1907: 49; syn. by Muir & Giffard 1924: 31. = Liburnia tuckeri Van Duzee, 1912a: 506; syn. by Muir & Giffard 1924: 31. = Delphacodes neopropinqua Muir, 1917: 335; syn. by Muir & Giffard 1924: 31. = Delphacodes subfusca Muir, 1919b: 38; syn. by Muir & Giffard 1924: 31. = Liburnia albicollis Haupt, 1935 (nec Motschulsky 1863): 144; syn. by Metcalf 1943: 498; see also Wagner 1954: 217-8 (syn. with Liburnia albicollis Motschulsky 1863, e.g., Lindberg 1936: 18; China 1938a: 54, Linnavuori 1952: 191, in error). = Calligypona propinqua (Fieber, 1866b); comb, by Dlabola 1954: 14, 64 (comb, by implication in China 1954: 165). = Delphacodes shirozui Ishihara, 1949: 53-54; syn. by Fennah 1956b: 122. = Metadelphax propinqua (Fieber, 1866b); comb, by Wagner 1963: 170. = Toya propinqua (Fieber, 1866b); comb, by Fennah 1964: 142 (from Delphacodes ); see also Fennah 1965b: 56 (syn. of Metadelphax by implication). = Calligypona (Metadelphax) propinqua (Fieber, 1866b); comb, by Linnavuori 1964: 341-342. = Delphacodes proquiqua (Fieber, 1866b); missp. by Wray 1967. = M[etadelphax] propingua (Fieber, 1866b); missp. by Mitjaev 1971: 66. = Toya (Calligypona) propinqua (Fieber, 1866b); comb, by Linnavuori 1973: 107. = Delphax cataniae Matsumura, 1910: 35; syn. by Nast 1975: 4. = Toya propinqua neopropinqua (Muir, 1917); status by Kuoh et al. 1983: 155. = Liburnia marshalli Scott, 1873: 104; syn. by Webb & Wilson 1986: 286. = Delphax graminicola Matsamura, 1910: 17; syn. by Yang 1989: 4. = Toya porpinqua (Fieber, 1866b); missp. by Yang 1989: 219. = Toya propincua (Fieber, 1866b); missp. by Rodriguez-Leon et al. 1994a: 19. = Metadelphax propinqua (Fieber, 1866b); restored comb, by Ding 2006: 511, 513-514; Gonzon & Bartlett, 2008: 242-246. USA: AL, AR, AZ, CA, DE, FL, GA, IL, KS, KY, LA, MD, MO, MS, NC, NM, NV, OH, OK, OR, SC, TN, TX, UT, WA, WI; CAN: BC Antigua, Argentina, Bahamas (Berry, New Providence, Grand Bahamas), Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Cayman Islands (Cayman Brae), Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico (Baja California, Chiapas, Coahuila, Federal District, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosf, Sinaloa, Sonora, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas), Montserrat, Nevis, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico (inc. Vieques Is. & Caja de Muertos), Peru, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas) Metcalf 1943, Fennah 1945a, 1956b, 1958a, b, 1959, 1965c, 1971b, 1975, 1976, 1978a; Wolcott 1950, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, DuBose 1960, Wray 1967, Miskimen & Bond 1970, Linnavuori 1973, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Tsai & Mead 1982, Asche 1988b, Denno et al. 1991, Wilson & Hilburn 1991, Meagher et al. 1993, Rodriguez- Leon et al. 1994a, Woodruff et al. 1998, Maw et al. 2000, Lago & Testa 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006, Gonzon & Bartlett 2008, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Wilson & Wheeler 2010 OLD WORLD: Widespread in Palearctic (e.g. Nast 1972, 1987; Holzinger et al. 2003); Afrotropics (e.g. Fennah 1969a, Asche 1988b), Australia (Fennah 1965b), and Indomalayan (e.g., Ishihara 1949, Lee 1979, Yang 1989, Ding 2006) regions. Palearctic: Algeria, Austria, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, Cyprus, "Czechoslovakia", Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Libya, Madeira, Morocco, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Tunisia, Turkestan, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, "Yugoslavia" Indomalayan: China, India, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam Pacific: Micronesia (Bonin Islands, N. & S. Mariana Islands, Palau, Yap), Philippines Afrotropical: Cameroon, Cape Verde Is., Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, "Rhodesia", Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Zambia, Zimbabwe Atlantic: St. Helena Island Australian: Australia Continued 126 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES wetmorei (Muir & Giffard, 1924) [Metcalf 1943: USA: AL, FL, GA, LA, NC; Mexico? 523] (Mexico needs verification; reported in = Megamelus terminalis Crawford, 1914: 623 error: Nicaragua) [nec Van Duzee 1907], = Delphacodes wetmorei Muir & Giffard, 1924: 30 (Replacement name for unavailable Megamelus terminalis Crawford, 1914). = Metadelphax wetmorei (Muir & Giffard, 1924); comb, by Gonzon & Bartlett 2008: 246-248. Muellerianella Wagner, 1963 (Type species Delphax fairmairei Perris, 1857). guaduae (Muir, 1926) [Metcalf 1943: 246] USA: FL; Ecuador = Euidella guaduae Muir, 1926: 15. = Euides guaduae (Muir, 1926); comb, by implication Metcalf 1952: 230-231. = Muellerianella guaduae (Muir, 1926); new combination. Metcalf 1943, DuBose 1960, Wray 1967, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Gonzon & Bartlett 2008 Metcalf 1943, Kennedy et al. 2012 laminalis (Van Duzee, 1897) [Metcalf 1943: 457] = Liburnia laminalis Van Duzee, 1897: 251. = Liburnia lateralis Van Duzee, 1897: 253 (nec Liburnia striatella var. lateralis Fieber 1879). = Megamelus laminalis (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Crawford 1914: 607, 624. = Delphacodes laminalis (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 38. = Delphacodes lateralis (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 25. = Delphacodes laterana Metcalf, 1943; replacement name for Delphacodes lateralis (Van Duzee, 1897) by Metcalf 1943: 458. = Liburnia lateralis Van Duzee, 1897; syn. by Oman 1947: 212-213. = Calligypona laminalis (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Kontkanen 1958: 143. = Muellerianella laminalis (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Maw et. al., 2000: 85. meadi Kennedy et al. 2012 USA: AR, CA?, CT, DC, DE, FL, IL, IN, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MO, MS, NC, ND, NE, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VT, WI; CAN: NF, ON, QC; Cuba? Metcalf 1943, Oman 1947, Moore 1950a, b; Kontkanen 1958, DuBose 1960, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Giri & Freytag 1983a, Giri et al. 1985, Rodriguez- Leon et al. 1994b, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006, Wheeler & Hoebeke 2008, Kennedy et al. 2012 USA: FL; Cuba? Kennedy et al. 2012 Muirodelphax Wagner, 1963 (Type species Delphax aubei Perris, 1857). = Delphacitioides Vilbaste, 1965 (Type species Delphacinoides altaius Vilbaste, 1965); syn. by Emeljanov 1977: 111. = Pinodoxa Anufriev, 1991 (Type species Pinodoxa pinanorum Anufriev, 1991); syn. by Hamilton & Kwon 2010: 422. = Kossivigianella Wagner, 1963 (Type species Delphax exigua Boheman, 1847); syn. by Ding, 2006: 627 (error). BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON arvensis (Fitch, 1851) [Metcalf 1943: 406] = Delphax arvensis Fitch, 1856: 46. = Liburnia arvensis (Fitch, 1856); comb, by Van Duzee 1890: 390. = Liburnia campestris Van Duzee, 1897: 254. = Liburnia osborni Van Duzee, 1897: 250. = Liburnia unda Metcalf, 1923: 207. = Delphacodes campestris (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 25. = Delphacodes osborni (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Metcalf 1928: 181. = Delphacodes unda (Metcalf, 1923); comb, by Brimley 1938: 103. = Delphacodes arvensis (Fitch, 1856); comb, by Metcalf 1943: 406. = Delphacodes osborni (Van Duzee, 1897); syn. with Delphacodes campestris by Oman 1947: 210-211. = Delphacodes unda (Metcalf, 1923); syn. by Metcalf 1949: 56; removed from syn. by Hamilton & Kwon 2010: 423. = Delphacodes campestris (Van Duzee, 1897); syn. by Hamilton & Kwon 2010: 423. = Muirodelphax arvensis (Fitch, 1856); comb, by Hamilton & Kwon 2010: 423. atralabis (Beamer, 1948b) = Delphacodes atralabis Beamer, 1948b: 103-104. = Muirodelphax atralabis (Beamer, 1948b); comb, by Hamilton & Kwon 2010: 422. luteus Beamer, 1946d = Delphacodes lutea Beamer, 1946d: 142. = Muirodelphax luteus (Beamer, 1946d); new combination. parvulus (Ball, 1902b) [Metcalf 1943: 194] = Kelisia parvula Ball, 1902b: 264. = Megamelus rotundata Crawford, 1914: 618. = Liburnia rotundata (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Van Duzee 1916a: 84. = Delphacodes rotundata (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Brimley 1938: 103. = Delphacodes parvula (Ball, 1902b); comb, by Beamer 1946b: 86. = Muirodelphax parvulus (Ball, 1902b); comb, by Hamilton & Kwon 2010: 423. = Delphacodes rotundata Crawford, 1914: 618; syn. by Hamilton & Kwon 2010: 423. peneluteus Beamer, 1948c = Delphacodes penelutea Beamer, 1948c: 112. = Muirodelphax peneluteus (Beamer, 1946d); new combination. unda (Metcalf, 1923) [Metcalf 1943: 521] = Liburnia unda Metcalf, 1923: 207. = Delphacodes unda (Metcalf, 1923); comb, by Brimley 1938: 103. = Muirodelphax unda (Metcalf, 1923); comb, and removal from syn. with Delphacodes campestris (Van Duzee, 1897) by Hamilton & Kwon 2010: 423. USA: AR, AZ, CA, CT, CO, DC, DE, FL, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, MT, NC, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VA, VT, WA, WI, WY; CAN: AB, BC, MB, NB, NF, NS, ON, PE, QC, SK, YK USA: DE, MD, NC, NH, NJ, TN, VT USA: DE, IL, KS, NC, OK, VA USA: AL, AR, AZ, DC, DE, FL?, GA, IA, IL, KS, MD, MI, MO, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, SC, TN; CAN: MB, ON USA: FL, IN, MS, NC USA: NC, NH; CAN: NB, NS (Cape Breton Is.), QC (lies de la Madeleine), PE Metcalf 1943, Proctor 1946, Oman 1947, Moore 1950a, b; Strickland 1953, Du Bose 1960, Wray 1967, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b,c; Weber & Wilson 1981, Giri & Frey tag 1983a, Giri et al. 1985, Wilson 1992, 1997; Wilson et al. 1993, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006, Wheeler & Bartlett 2006, Hamilton & Kwon 2010, Wilson & Wheeler 2010 Beamer 1948b, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Gonzon et al. 2006, Hamilton & Kwon 2010 Beamer 1946d, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, Wilson & Wheeler 2010 Metcalf 1943, Beamer 1946b, DuBose 1960, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Weber & Wilson 1981, Wilson et al. 1993, Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006, Hamilton & Kwon 2010, Wilson & Wheeler 2010 Beamer 1948c, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Metcalf 1943, 1949; Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Hamilton & Kwon 2010 Continued 128 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Neornegamelanus McDermott, 1952 (Type species Megamelanus lautus Metcalf, 1923). elongatus (Ball, 1905) [Metcalf 1943: 279] = Megamelanus elongatus Ball, 1905: 118. = Neornegamelanus elongatus (Ball, 1905); comb, by McDermott 1952: 50-51. USA: CT, DE, FL, GA, LA, MA, MD, MS, NC, NJ, NY, SC, TX, VA; Anguilla, Bahamas (Abaco Cay, Andros, Barry, Eleuthera, Exuma Cays, San Salvador) lautus (Metcalf, 1923) [Metcalf 1943: 280] USA: LA, MS, TX; Mexico (Veracruz) = Megamelanus lautus Metcalf, 1923: 200. = Neornegamelanus lautus (Metcalf, 1923); comb, by McDermott 1952: 52-54. Metcalf 1943, Wolcott 1950, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, McDermott 1952, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Tsai & Mead 1982, Cummins et al. 1988, Lago & Testa 2000, Bartlett 2000 (subspecies reductus Caldwell 1951 in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands) Metcalf 1943, 1949; McDermott 1952, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Meagher et al. 1993, Lago & Testa 2000 penilautus McDermott, 1952 USA: FL McDermott 1951, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Denno et al. 1991 spartini (Osborn, 1905) [Metcalf 1943: 280] USA: DE, FL, LA, MD, ME, MS, NC, NJ, = Megamelanus spartini Osborn, 1905: 375. NY, VA, VT (reported in error: USA: = Megamelanus dorsalis Metcalf, 1923: 199. OH; VT may be mislabeled specimen) = Neornegamelanus spartini (Osborn, 1905); comb, by McDermott 1952: 41. = Neornegamelanus dorsalis (Metcalf, 1923); comb, by McDermott 1952: 48^49. = Neornegamelanus dorsalis (Metcalf, 1923); Syn. by Kennedy et al. 2012: 404-405. Nilaparvata Distant, 1906a (Type species Nilaparvata greeni Distant, 1906a, junior synonym of Delphax lugens Stal, 1854). = Kalp a Distant, 1906 (Type species Kalpa aculeata Distant 1906); syn. by Muir 1919: 7-8. Metcalf 1943, 1949; Proctor 1946, McDermott 1952, Davis & Gray 1966, Bickley & Seek 1975, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Cummins et al. 1988, Denno et al. 1991, Lago & Testa 2000 caldwelli Metcalf, 1955 = Nilaparvata muiri Caldwell, 1951: 193 (in Caldwell & Martorell 1951) (nec China, 1925). = Nilaparvata caldwelli Metcalf, 1955: 262; replacement name for unavailable N. muiri Caldwell, 1951. = Nilaparvata bis Nast 1984: 396; replacement name for unavailable N. muiri Caldwell, 1951; syn. by Bartlett, 2007: 51. gerhardi (Metcalf, 1923) [Metcalf 1943: 246] = Liburnia gerhardi Metcalf, 1923: 210, pis. 62 & 70. = Euidella gerhardi (Metcalf 1923); comb, by Metcalf 1949: 58. = Euides gerhardi (Metcalf 1923); comb, by implication Metcalf 1952: 230-231. = Nilaparvata gerhardi (Metcalf 1923); comb, by Bartlett 2007: 55. USA: FL, NC; Belize, Dominican Republic, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, French Guiana, Mexico (Oaxaca); Puerto Fennah 1961, Linnavuori Rico; also reported Senegal and Sudan10 1973, Bartlett 2007 USA: DE, IL, LA, MO, NC, NH, NJ, TX, UT, VA; CAN: BC, MB, ON, QC, SK; Guatemala? Metcalf 1943, 1949; Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett 2007 10 African records of N. caldwelli need confirmation. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 129 Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Bartlett 2007 Wolcott 1950, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Tsai & Mead 1982, Bartlett 2007 Nothodelphax Fennah, 1963a (Type species Liburnia foveata Van Duzee, 1897). = Nothodelpha Fennah, 1963; missp. by Lago & Testa 2000: 190. = Tyrphodelphax Vilbaste, 1971: 185 (Type species Delphax distincta Flor, 1861); syn. by Anufriev & Averkin 1982b: 137. serrata Caldwell, 1951 (in Caldwell & Martorell 1951) wolcotti Muir & Giffard, 1924 [Metcalf 1943: 298] USA: FL; Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia, Cayman Islands (Cayman Brae), Costa Rica, Mexico (Federal District), Nicaragua, Puerto Rico USA: AZ, CA, CO, DE, FL, GA, MD, NJ, OK, UT; Mexico (Veracruz); Puerto Rico Metcalf 1943, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Wilson 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton 2002c Ossiannilsson 1946: 57. = Delphacodes hyalina Beamer, 1946d: 141. = Muirodelphax albocarinata (Stal, 1858); comb, by Wagner 1963: 175. = Tyrphodelphax albocarinatus (Stal, 1858); comb, by Vilbaste 1968: 70; 1971: 187. = Nothodelphax albocarinata (Stal, 1858); comb, by Anufriev & Averkin 1982b: 137. = Nothodelphax albocarinatus (Stal, 1858); emendation by Wilson 1992: 85-86. = Delphacodes hyalina Beamer, 1946d; syn. by Wilson 1992: 85-86. albocarinata (Stal, 1858) [Metcalf 1943: 401] = Delphax albocarinata Stal, 1858: 357. = Liburnia albocarinata (Stal, 1858); comb, by Sahlberg 1871: 426. = Delphacodes albocarinata (Stal, 1858); comb, by China 1938b: 197. = Calligypona albocarinata (Stal, 1858); comb, by USA: CO, ID, IL, KS; CAN: LB, MB, NT, QC, YK Palearctic: Northern and central Europe, Mongolia, Russia (Amur Region); Sweden, Finland, Scotland, Germany, England consimilis (Van Duzee, 1897) [Metcalf 1943: 421] USA: AZ, CA, CO, DC, ID, KS, NC, NV, = Liburnia consimilis Van Duzee, 1897: 249. OR, SD, UT, WA; CAN: AB, BC = Megamelus consimilis (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Crawford 1914: 617. = Delphacodes consimilis (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 21. = Nothodelphax consimilis (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Fennah 1965d: 254. Metcalf 1943, Oman 1947, Beamer 1951d, DuBose 1960, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000 eburneocarinata (Anufriev, 1979) = Tyrphodelphax eburneocarinatus Anufriev, 1979: 295-297. = Tyrphodelphax eburneocarinata Anufriev, 1979; emendation by Anufriev & Averkin 1982: 137b. = Nothodelphax eburneocarinata (Anufriev, 1979); comb, by Anufriev & Averkin 1982b: 137; Emeljanov 1982: 90. USA: AK; CAN: NT, YK; Mongolia; Russia inc. Yakut, Tuva (Magadan, Kamchatka Regions, and Primor'ye Territory) Wilson 1988, 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000 Continued 130 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES foveata (Van Duzee, 1897) [Metcalf 1943: 447] = Liburnia foveata Van Duzee, 1897: 257. = Megamelus foveatus (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Crawford 1914: 629. = Delphacodes foveata (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 22 (subspp . foveata by implication). = Nothodelphax foveata (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Fennah 1963a: 15 (designated Type species of Nothodelphax). = Nothodelphax foveatus (Van Duzee, 1897); unjustified emendation by Hamilton 2002b: 43. foveata subfoveata (Muir & Giffard, 1924) [Metcalf 1943: 448] = Delphacodes foveata subfoveata Muir & Giffard, 1924. = Nothodelphax foveata subfoveata (Muir & Giffard, 1924); comb, by implication Fennah 1963a: 15. gillettei (Van Duzee, 1897) [Metcalf 1943: 450] = Liburnia gillettei Van Duzee, 1897: 258. = Megamelus gillettei (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Crawford 1914: 607, 616. = Delphacodes gillettei (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 22. = Nothodelphax gillettei (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Fennah 1965d: 254. glacia Wilson, 1992 guentheri (Dlabola, 1966) = Koswigianella (sic) giintheri Dlabola, 1966: 444-445. = Kosswigianella guentheri Dlabola, 1966; emendation by Nast 1972: 62. = Tyrphodelphax privigna Emeljanov, 1972: 217-218. = Nothodelphax guentheri (Dlabola, 1966); comb, by Emeljanov 1982: 90. = Tyrphodelphax privigna Emeljanov, 1972; syn. by Emeljanov 1982: 90. lineatipes (Van Duzee, 1897) [Metcalf 1943: 462] = Liburnia lineatipes Van Duzee, 1897: 255. = Mlegamelus] lineatipes (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Crawford 1914: 629, 630. = Delphacodes lineatipes (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 21. = Calligypona lineatipes (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Kontkanen 1958: 143. = Nothodelphax lineatipes (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Fennah 1965d: 254. neocclusa (Muir & Giffard, 1924) [Metcalf 1943: 471] = Delphacodes neocclusa Muir & Giffard, 1924. = Nothodelphax neocclusa (Muir & Giffard, 1924); comb, by Fennah 1965d: 254. USA: AZ, CA, ID, IL, MT, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OR, RI, UT; CAN: AB, BC, MB, ON, SK (reported in error: USA FL) USA: AZ, CA; Mexico USA: CA, CO, NV, UT, WY; CAN: AB, BC, QC, SK (reported in error: USA: OH) CAN: AB, MB, YK CAN: AB?, BC, SK?, YK; Mongolia, Russia inc, Taymyr Autonomous District (Altay Territory) USA: AZ, CA, DE, MA, MD, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, TN, UT, WA, WI; CAN: AB?, BC, MB, NS, ON, QC, SK USA: CO; CAN: AB, BC Metcalf 1943, Oman 1947, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b,c; Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton 2002b Metcalf 1943 Metcalf 1943, Oman 1947, Moore 1950a, b; Maw et al. 2000 Wilson 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000 Wilson 1992, 1997, Maw et al. 2000 Metcalf 1943, Oman 1947, Moore 1950a, b; Kontkanen 1958, DuBose 1960, Wray 1967, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton 2002c, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006 Metcalf 1943, Strickland 1953, Maw et al. 2000 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 131 occlusa (Van Duzee, 1897) [Metcalf 1943: 477] = Liburnia occlusa Van Duzee, 1897: 256. = Megamelus occlusus (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Crawford 1914: 619. = Delphacodes occlusa (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 21. = Delphacodes occlusus (Van Duzee, 1897); unjustified emendation by Moore 1950a, b. = Nothodelphax occlusa (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Fennah 1965d: 254. serrata Beamer, 1948a = Delphacodes serrata Beamer, 1948a: 6-8. = Nothodelphax serrata (Beamer, 1948a); new combination. slossonae (Ball, 1903) [Metcalf 1943: 326] = Liburnia slossoni Ball, 1903; 231. = Megamelus slossoni (Ball, 1903); comb, by Crawford 1914: 631. = Stenocranus breviceps Dozier, 1922: 76. = Chloriona slossoni (Ball, 1903); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 8. = Sogata breviceps (Dozier, 1922); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 12. = Liburnia breviceps (Dozier, 1922); comb, by Metcalf 1943: 353. = Chloriona slossonae (Ball, 1903); emendation by Caldwell & Martorell 1951: 160-161 (not listed as new). = Nothodelphax slossonae (Ball, 1903); comb, by Wilson & Hilburn 1991: 416 (as N. slossoni). = Liburnia breviceps (Dozier, 1922); syn. by Metcalf 1923: 148; Beamer 1946b: 87; see also Hamilton 2006: 497, Kennedy et al. 2012: 405. tshaunica (Anufriev, 1979) = Tyrphodelphax tshaunicus Anufriev, 1979: 297. = Nothodelphax tshaunica (Anufriev, 1979); comb, by Anufriev & Averkin 1982b: 137. umbrata Emeljanov, 1982 venusta (Beamer, 1948c) = Delphacodes venusta Beamer, 1948c: 115. = Nothodelphax venusta (Beamer, 1948c); comb, by Hamilton 2002a: 22. = Nothodelphax venustus (Beamer, 1948c); unjustified emendation by Hamilton, 2002b: 44-45. Paradelphacodes Wagner, 1963 (Type species Delphax paludosa Flor, 1861). USA: AZ, CA, CO, NV, OR, WA; CAN: BC, QC?; Mexico (Baja California, Federal District) (reported in error: USA: OH) USA: AK, CT, NY; CAN: AB, MB, NT, ON, SK, YK USA: AL, DC, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, LA, MI, MS, NC, TX; CAN: ON; Belize, Bermuda, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico CAN: YK; Russia (Chukchi Autonomous District, Magadan Region) CAN: YK; Mongolia, Russia (Magadan, Kamchatka Regions and Yakut Autonomous Republic) USA: AZ, CO, TX, NM, WA, WY; CAN: BC Metcalf 1943, Oman 1947, Moore 1950a, b; Maw et al. 2000 Beamer 1948a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000 Metcalf 1943, Beamer 1946b, Caldwell 1950a, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Tsai & Mead 1982, Wilson & Hilburn 1991, Maw et al. 2000, Lago & Testa 2000 Wilson 1992, 1997 Wilson 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000 Beamer 1948c, Hamilton 2002a, b Continued 132 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES litoralis (Reuter, 1880) [Metcalf 1943: 463] = Liburnia litoralis Reuter, 1880: 198. = Delphax littoralis [sic] (Reuter, 1880); comb, by Puton 1886: 74. = Delphacodes litoralis (Reuter, 1880); comb, by Metcalf 1943: 463. = Paraliburnia (Struebingianella) litoralis (Reuter, 1880); comb, by LeQuesne 1964: 57. = Struebingianella litoralis (Reuter, 1880); status by Nast 1972: 62. = Paradelphacode s litoralis (Reuter, 1880); comb, by Anufriev 1980: 211. Paraliburnia Jensen-Haarup, 1917 (Type species Paraliburnia jacobseni Jensen-Haarup, 1917, junior, synonym of Delphax concolor Fieber, 1866b and Delphax adela Flor, 1861). furcata Hamilton, 2002a kilmani (Van Duzee, 1897) [Metcalf 1943: 456] = Liburnia kilmani Van Duzee 1897: 253. = Delphacodes kilmani (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 20. = Javesella kilmani (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Wilson 1992: 97. = Paraliburnia kilmani (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Hamilton 2002a: 22. lecartus Hamilton, 2002a Pareuidella Beamer, 1951b (Type species Pareuidella spatulata Beamer, 1951b). avicephaliforma Beamer, 1951b CAN: BC, NF, NT, YK; Scotland, Finland, Russia (Buryat and Yakut Autonomous Republic) CAN: BC USA: CT, IL, MD, MI, MT, NC, NH, NY, OH, WA; CAN: AB, BC, MB, NF, NT, ON, QC, SK, YK CAN: BC USA: FT, GA, LA, MS, TX; Cuba Wilson 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000 Hamilton 2002a, b Metcalf 1943, Oman 1947, Moore 1950a, b; Strickland 1953, DuBose 1960, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000, Wilson 1992, 1997, Hamilton 2002c Hamilton 2002a, b Beamer 1951b, Wilson & McPherson 1980b magnistyla (Crawford, 1914) [Metcalf 1943: 246] = Megamelus magnistylus Crawford, 1914: 627-628. = Liburnia magnistylus (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Van Duzee 1916a: 84. = Liburnia magnistyla (Crawford, 1914); emendation by Van Duzee 1917b: 778. = Euidella magnistylus (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 10. = Euidella magnistyla (Crawford); emendation by Metcalf 1943: 246. = Euides magnistyla (Crawford, 1914); comb, by implication Metcalf 1952: 230-231. = Pareuidella magnistyla (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Kennedy et al. 2012: 404-405. spatulata Beamer, 1951b USA: AZ, GA, NC?; Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Mexico (Guerrero, Sinaloa, Veracruz), Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Thomas, Turks & Caicos, Venezuela USA: AR, FL, GA, IL, NC, TN Metcalf 1943, Caldwell 1950a, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Beamer 1951b, Wray 1967, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 133 triloba (Metcalf, 1923) [Metcalf 1943: 249] = Liburnia triloba Metcalf, 1923: 208. = Euidella vanduzeei Muir & Giffard, 1924: 11. = Euidella triloba (Metcalf, 1923); comb, by Metcalf 1943: 249. = Euides triloba (Metcalf, 1923); comb, by implication Metcalf 1952: 230-231. = Euides vanduzeei (Muir & Giffard, 1924); comb, by implication Metcalf 1952: 230-231. = Euides vanduzeei (Muir & Giffard, 1924); syn. by Kennedy et al. 2012: 404. = Pareuidella triloba (Metcalf, 1923); comb, by Kennedy et al. 2012: 404-405. weedi (Van Duzee, 1897) [Metcalf 1943: 249] = Eiburnia weedi Van Duzee, 1897: 252. = Euidella weedi (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 10. = Euides weedi (Crawford, 1914); comb, by implication Metcalf 1952: 230-231. = Pareuidella weedi (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Kennedy et al. 2012: 404-405. Parkana Beamer, 1950c (Type species Parkana alata Beamer, 1950c). USA: AL, FL, LA, MS, NC, SC, TX; Metcalf, 1943, 1949, Wilson Bahamas (Cat, San Salvador); Belize; & McPherson 1980b, Bermuda (reported as error: USA: MO - Wilson & Hilburn 1991, lapsis for MS) Kennedy et al. 2012 USA: AZ, CA, DE, FL, GA, IL, KY, LA, MO, MS, NC, NY, OK, SC, TX, WI; Belize, Bermuda, Cayman Islands (Cayman Brae), Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Mexico (San Luis Potosf, Sinaloa), Puerto Rico Metcalf 1943, Oman 1947, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Tsai & Mead 1982, Giri & Freytag 1983b, Giri et al. 1985, Wilson & Hilburn 1991, Lago & Testa 2000 alata Beamer, 1950c USA: AZ, CO, MT, OR, UT, WY; CAN: BC Beamer 1950c, Maw et al. 2000 Penepissonotus Beamer, 1950c (Type species Penepissonotus bicolor Beamer, 1950c). bicolor Beamer, 1950c USA: DE, FL, GA, IL, LA, MD, MO, NC, SC, TX, VA Beamer 1950c, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Peregrinus Kirkaldy, 1904a (Type species Delphax maidis Ashmead, 1890). = Perigrinus Kirkaldy, 1904a; Missp. by Barber 1914: 528, Van Der Goot 1936: 25; Beamer 1948: 106. Continued 134 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Barber & Pepper 1942, Metcalf 1943, Wolcott 1950, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Fennah 1950b, 1956b, 1957, 1958a, b, c; 1959, 1965c, 1967a, 1969b, 1971a, b, 1975, 1978a; Williams 1957, Miskimen & Bond 1970, Linnavuori 1973, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Wilson & Tsai 1984, Tsai & Wilson 1986, Tsai et al. 1986, Asche 1988b, Fernandez-Badillo 1988, Denno et al. 1991, Wilson & Hilburn 1991, Rodriguez-Leon et al. 1994a, Tsai 1996, Asche 1997, Woodruff et al. 1998, Rioja et al. 2006, Singh & Seetharama 2008. Pacific: Fiji, Galapagos, Guam, Henderson Island, Micronesia (Caroline Islands, Palau, S. Mariana Islands, Yap); New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands; New Hebrides, Pitcairn Island, Samoa, Society Islands (Tahiti), Tonga Australasian: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Northern Territory), New Zealand, Solomon Islands Afrotropical: Angola, Cape Province, Cape Verde Islands, Cameroons, Canary Islands, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Ghana, Gold Coast, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius (Rodriques Island), Mozambique, Natal, Nigeria, "Rhodesia", Reunion Island, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanganyika, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe Perkinsiella Kirkaldy, 1903 (Type species Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy, 1903). maidis (Ashmead, 1890) [Metcalf 1943: 252] = Delphax maidis Ashmead, 1890: 323. = Dicranotropis maidis (Ashmead, 1890); comb, by Van Duzee 1897: 227, 240. = Delphax psylloides Lethierry, 1894: 105; syn. by Kirkaldy 1907a: 132. = Liburnia psylloides (Lethierry, 1894); comb, by Melichar 1903: 101. = Peregrinus maidis (Ashmead, 1890); comb, by Kirkaldy 1904a: 176. = Pundaluoya simplicia Distant, 1906a: 468. = Delphax psylloides Lethierry, 1894; syn. by Kirkaldy 1907a: 132. = Pundaluoya simplicia Distant, 1906a; syn. by Kirkaldy 1907a: 132. = Megamelus teapae albinotatus Crawford, 1914: 619. = Delphacodes albinotata (Crawford, 1914) (nec Muir & Giffard, 1924); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 36. = Delphacodes albinotata (Crawford, 1914); syn. by Beamer 1948b: 106. = Perigrinus (sic) mardis (Ashmead, 1890); missp. by Beamer 1948b: 106. USA: AL, AR, CA, DC, DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, LA, NC, NJ, OH, SC, TN, TX, VA; Antigua, Argentina, Bahamas (Exuma Cays, New Providence, N. Bimini) Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Brazil, British Virgin Islands (Guana); Cayman Is. (Grand Cayman, Cayman Brae), Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Federal District, Guerrero, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Veracruz), Navassa, Nevis, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico (inc. Vieques Island), St. Croix, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Thomas, St. Vincent, Surinam, Trinidad, Tobago, Turks & Caicos, Venezuela Palearctic: Bonin Islands, Japan, Ryukyus Islands, Okinawa Indomalayan: China, Dutch East Indies, India, Indonesia (Java, Ambon, Borneo), Malaysia, Mentawai Islands, Philippine Islands (Luzon), Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Viet Nam BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 135 saccharicida Kirkaldy, 1903 [Metcalf 1943: 137] Phrictopyga Caldwell, 1951 (In Caldwell & Martorell 1951) (Type species Kelisia contortn Muir, 1926). occidentals (Muir, 1926) [Metcalf 1943: 192] = Kelisia occidentals Muir, 1926: 22. = Phrictopyga occidentals (Muir, 1926); comb, by Caldwell & Martorell 1951: 171-172. = Sogata aurantii Osborn, 1938: 244 (nec Crawford, 1914); syn. by Caldwell & Martorell 1951: 171-172. Phyllodinus Van Duzee, 1897 (Type species Phyllodinus nervatus Van Duzee, 1897). = Jamipax Matsumura, 1940 (Type species Jamipax kotoshonis Matsumura, 1940); syn. by Ishihara 1949: 73 (error). nervatus Van Duzee, 1897 [Metcalf 1943: 149] Pissonotus Van Duzee, 1894a (Type species Pissonotus marginatus Van Duzee, 1897). = Phyllodictus Ball, 1926: 18-19 (Type species Phyllodictus tessellatus Ball, 1926); status (subgenus) by Morgan & Beamer 1949: 97; syn. by Bartlett & Deitz 2000: 13. agrestis Morgan & Beamer, 1949 USA: FL, GA, HI, LA, TX; Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico (Veracruz), Peru, Venezuela (adventive) Widespread in Pacific, Indo-Malayan, and Australian regions (Bonin Islands, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippine Islands, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, southern China, Malaysia, Ryukyu Islands; Australia (Queensland, New South Wales), Reunion, Madagascar, South Africa, Swaziland, Comoro Islands, Mauritius) USA: LA, TX; Belize, Brazil, Cuba (inc. Isle of Pines), Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico (Chiapas, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz), Puerto Rico (inc. Mona Isl.) USA: CO, CT, DE, IA, ID, ME, MD, MI, NC, NH, NY, OH, PA, SD, UT, VA, VT, WI, WY; CAN: AB, BC, MB, NF, ON, QC, SK USA: CT?, FL, GA albivultus Morgan & Beamer, 1949 USA: FL, LA, TX?; Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas?, Hidalgo, Nayarit, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Venezuela? Metcalf 1943, Wolcott 1950, Box 1953, Williams 1957, Risco 1966, Fennah 1965c, 1971b, 1975, 1979; Yepez G 1988, Denno et al. 1991, Meagher et al. 1991, 1993; Grillo 1994, White et al. 1995, Gomez & Lastra Borja 1995, Asche 1997, Mendoza 2005 Metcalf 1943, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Wolcott 1950, Wilson 1981, Remes-Lenicov et al. 2009 Strickland 1940, 1953, Metcalf 1943, Proctor 1946, Oman 1947, Morgan & Beamer 1949, Moore 1950a, b; Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Maw et al. 2000, Wheeler & Hoebeke 2008 Morgan & Beamer 1949, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Bartlett & Deitz 2000 (CT record likely a mislabeled specimen) Morgan & Beamer 1949, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Bartlett & Deitz 2000 Continued 136 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES albovenosus Osborn, 1935 [Metcalf 1943: 268] = Prokelisia albovenosus Osborn, 1935: 247; lapsus by McCoy & Rey 1981: 289. aphidioides Van Duzee, 1897 [Metcalf 1943: 268] = Pissonotus aphidioides Van Duzee, 1897: 236, 239. = Pissonotus aphidiodes Van Duzee, 1897; missp. by Oman 1947: 216. = Pissonotus aphidoides Van Duzee, 1897; missp. by Strickland 1940: 88. = Pissonotus (Phyllodictus) aphidioides Van Duzee, 1897; comb, by Morgan & Beamer 1949: 101. aquilonius Morgan & Beamer, 1949 = Pissonotus aguilonius Morgan & Beamer, 1949: 125-126; missp. by Wilson & McPherson 1980b. basal is Van Duzee, 1897 [Metcalf 1943: 269] = Pissonotus basalis Van Duzee 1897: 227, 238-239; Bartlett & Deitz 2000: 95. Pissonotus (Phyllodictus) basalis Van Duzee 1897; status by Morgan & Beamer 1949: 108. = Pissonotus crawfordi Metcalf, 1923; syn. by Morgan & Beamer 1949: 108-109. binotatus Spooner, 1912 [Metcalf 1943: 270] = Pissonotus binotatus Spooner, 1912: 239. = Dicranotropis binotatus (Spooner, 1912); comb, by Crawford 1914: 601; returned to Pissonotus by Van Duzee 1916a: 83. USA: AL, AR, AZ, CA, CT, DE, FL, GA, IL, LA, MA, MD, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NM, NY, SC, TX, VA, VT; Bahamas (Cat Island); Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Mexico (Sonora, Tamaulipas, Durango, Sinaloa, Jalisco, Mexico, Oaxaca, Chiapas), Puerto Rico USA: CT, GA, IA, IL, MA, MD, ME, MI, NC, NJ, NY, OH, PA; CAN: AB, MB, NS, ON, PE?, QC (reported in error: USA: AZ, CA, CO) USA: WI (reported in error: USA: AL, IL) USA: CT, DE, ID?, IL, IN, MA, ME, MI, NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, TN, VT, WI; CAN: AB, MB, NB, NF, NS, ON, QC (reported in error: USA: FL, TX) USA: AL, AR, DC?, DE, FL, GA, LA, MD, MO, MS, NC, NJ, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA; Bermuda Metcalf 1943, Morgan & Beamer 1949, Wolcott 1950, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Davis & Gray 1966, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Bartlett & Deitz 2000, Lago & Testa 2000 Metcalf 1943, Strickland 1940, 1953, Oman 1947, Morgan & Beamer 1949, Moore 1950a, b; Kontkanen 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Bartlett & Deitz 2000, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006 Morgan & Beamer 1949, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Bartlett & Deitz 2000, Benton & McCreadie 2009 Strickland 1940, 1953; Metcalf 1943, Oman 1947, Morgan & Beamer 1949, Kontkanen 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Bartlett & Deitz 2000; Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton 2002c, Wheeler & Hoebeke 2008 Metcalf 1943, Morgan & Beamer 1949, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wilson & Hilburn 1991, Bartlett & Deitz 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006 brunneus Van Duzee, 1897 [Metcalf 1943: 270] = Pissonotus brunneus Van Duzee, 1897: 236, 239-240. = Pissonotus divaricatus Spooner, 1912: 236. = Dicranotropis divaricatus (Spooner, 1912); comb, by Crawford 1914: 600. = Dicranotropis brunneus (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Crawford 1914: 594, 599; returned to Pissonotus by Metcalf 1915: 44. = Pissonotus divaricatus Spooner, 1912; syn. by Morgan & Beamer 1949: 115-117. USA: AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MO, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WI, WV; CAN: AB, NS, ON, QC; Mexico (Chiapas, Federal District, Hidalgo, Michoacan, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), Puerto Rico? (Jamaica record in error; specimen label referred to Jamaica on Long Island in New York) Metcalf 1943, Oman 1947, Morgan & Beamer 1949, Moore 1950a, b; Strickland 1953, Kontkanen 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Weber & Wilson 1981, Bartlett & Deitz 2000, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006 canadensis Bartlett, 2000 (in Bartlett & Deitz 2000) CAN: AB, MB, ON, QC, YT concolor Bartlett, 2000 (in Bartlett & Deitz 2000) USA: CT?, MA?, NY, NC, TN Bartlett & Deitz 2000 Bartlett & Deitz 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 137 delicatus Van Duzee, 1897 [Metcalf 1943: 271] = Pissonotus delicatus Van Duzee, 1897: 237-238. = Pissonotus delicatus delicatus Van Duzee, 1897; subspecific status implied by description of P. d. melanurus Van Duzee, 1917a. = Pissonotus pallipes Van Duzee, 1897: 238-239; syn. by Oman 1947: 217-218, 220. = Dicranotropis delicatus (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Crawford 1914: 594, 596-597. = Dicranotropis pallipes (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Crawford 1914: 594, 599. = Pissonotus giffardi Van Duzee, 1925: 407-408: syn. by Morgan & Beamer 1949: 134-135. USA: AL, AR, AZ, CA, CO, DC, FL, GA, I A, ID, IL, KS, MO, MS, MT, NC, ND, NJ, NM, NY, OK, OH, OR, SC, TX, UT, VT, WA, WY; CAN: AB, BC, MN, QC, SK; Bermuda, Mexico (Baja California, Coahuila, Tamaulipas); Jamaica? dentatus Morgan & Beamer, 1949 USA: AL, FL, GA, IL, NC, SC; Cuba, Mexico (Federal District) divergens Bartlett, 2000 (in Bartlett & Deitz 2000) USA: AZ?, CO?, KS, NM, TX? dorsalis Van Duzee, 1897 [Metcalf 1943: 272] USA: CT, IL?, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, NC, NH, NY, OH, PA, VT, WI; CAN: MB, NB, NF, NS, ON, PE, QC festucae Bartlett, 2000 (in Bartlett & Deitz 2000) flabellatus (Ball, 1903) [Metcalf 1943: 145] = Phyllodinus flabellatus Ball, 1903: 232. = Phyllodictus flabellatus (Ball, 1903); comb, by Ball 1926: 19. = Pissonotus (Phyllodictus) flabellatus (Ball, 1903); comb, by Morgan & Beamer 1949: 103-105. = Pissonotus flabellatus (Ball, 1903); status by Bartlett & Deitz 2000: 53. = Phyllodinus koebelei Osborn, 1903a: 44-45; syn. by Metcalf 1923: 148. = Phyllodinus fuscous Osborn, 1903a: 46; syn. by Ball 1926: 19-20. frontalis (Crawford, 1914) [Metcalf 1943: 273] = Pissonotus exiguus Morgan & Beamer, 1949; syn. by Bartlett & Deitz 2000: 44-46. guttatus Spooner, 1912 [Metcalf 1943: 273] USA: AZ?; Mexico (Federal District, Jalisco, Mexico); Puerto Rico? USA: AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MA, MD, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, TN, TX, VA, WV; CAN: ON USA: CA, OR; CAN: BC USA: AL, AR, CT, DC, FL, IL, IN, MD, ME, MI, MT, NC, NH, NY, OH, PA, TN, VA, WI; CAN: MB, NS, ON, QC, SK lactofascius Morgan & Beamer, 1949 USA: AZ, CO, NM, WY Metcalf 1943, Oman 1947, Morgan & Beamer 1949, Moore 1950a, b; Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Wilson & Tsai 1991, Bartlett & Deitz 2000, Maw et al. 2000, Wilson & Wheeler 2010 Morgan & Beamer 1949, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Bartlett & Deitz 2000, Wilson & Wheeler 2010 Bartlett & Deitz 2000 Metcalf 1943, Oman 1947, Morgan & Beamer 1949, Moore 1950a, b; Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Bartlett & Deitz 2000, Maw et al. 2000 Bartlett & Deitz 2000 Metcalf 1943, Morgan & Beamer 1949, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Giri & Freytag 1983a, Giri et al. 1985, Wilson et al. 1993, Bartlett & Deitz 2000, Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006 Metcalf 1943, Morgan & Beamer 1949, Bartlett & Deitz 2000 Metcalf 1943, Morgan & Beamer 1949, Moore 1950a, b; Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Bartlett & Deitz 2000, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004,Gonzon et al. 2006 Morgan & Beamer 1949, Bartlett & Deitz 2000 Continued 138 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES marginatus Van Duzee, 1897 [Metcalf 1943: 273] = Pissonotus ater Van Duzee 1897: 237; syn. by Morgan & Beamer 1949: 134-135. melanurus Van Duzee, 1917a [Metcalf 1943: 272] = Pissonotus delicatus melanurus Van Duzee, 1917a: 311-312. = Pissonotus melanurus Van Duzee, 1917a; status by Bartlett & Deitz 2000: 143-144. merides Morgan & Beamer, 1949 minutus Beamer, 1952a niger Morgan & Beamer, 1949 nigriculus Morgan & Beamer, 1949 nitens (Van Duzee, 1909) [Metcalf 1943: 146] = Phyllodinus nitens Van Duzee, 1909: 198-199. = Phyllodictus nitens (Van Duzee, 1909); comb, by Ball 1926: 20. = Pissonotus (Phyllodictus) nitens (Van Duzee, 1909); comb, by Morgan & Beamer 1949: 100, 107-108. = Pissonotus nitens (Van Duzee, 1909); status by Bartlett & Deitz 2000: 100. paludosus Morgan & Beamer, 1949 piceus (Van Duzee, 1894b) [Metcalf 1943: 215] = Megamelus piceus Van Duzee, 1894b: 28. = Pissonotus piceus (Van Duzee, 1894b); comb, by Oman 1947: 219-220. = Pissonotus fulvus Metcalf, 1923: 206; syn. by Morgan & Beamer 1949: 137-138. = Dicranotropis bakeri Crawford, 1914: 598; syn. by Bartlett & Deitz 2000: 107-116. = Delphacodes pictifrons Osborn, 1938: 344; syn. by Bartlett & Deitz 2000: 107. USA: AR, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, MI, MO, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, TN, VA, VT, WI, WV; CAN: AB, MB, NB, ON, QC (reported in error: USA: CA) Metcalf 1943, Oman 1947, Morgan & Beamer 1949, Moore 1950a, b; Strickland 1953, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Giri & Freytag 1983a, Giri et al. 1985, Bartlett & Deitz 2000; Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006 USA: CA Metcalf 1943, Morgan & Beamer 1949, Bartlett & Deitz 2000 USA: AL, FL, GA, MS, NC USA: AZ USA: FL, TX USA: AL, FL, MS; Jamaica Morgan & Beamer 1949, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Bartlett & Deitz 2000 Beamer 1952a, Bartlett & Deitz 2000 Morgan & Beamer 1949, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Bartlett & Deitz 2000, Maw et al. 2000 Morgan & Beamer 1949, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Bartlett & Deitz 2000 Morgan & Beamer 1949, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Bartlett & Deitz 2000 USA: CT, GA, IL, MD, MI, MT?, NC, NY, PA, SD, VA; CAN: MB USA: AL, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC Morgan & Beamer 1949, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Bartlett & Deitz 2000 USA: AL, AR, AZ, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, KS, LA, MA, MD, MI, MO, MS, MT, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, VT, WV; CAN: ON, QC; Belize, Bermuda, Costa Rica, Cuba, French Guiana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico (Jalisco, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Trinidad, Venezuela Metcalf 1943, 1949; Oman 1947, Morgan & Beamer 1949 Moore 1950a, b; Bickley & Seek 1975, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Tsai & Mead 1982, Denno et al. 1991, Wilson & Hilburn 1991, Bartlett & Deitz 2000, Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006, Benton & McCreadie 2009 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 139 quadripustidatus (Van Duzee, 1909) [Metcalf 1943: USA: AL, FL, GA, LA, TX; Mexico 275] (Tamaulipas) = Stobaera 4-pustulata Van Duzee, 1909: 200. = Pissonotus foveatus Spooner 1912: 235. = Stobaera quadripustulata Van Duzee, 1909; transliteration of 4-pustulata by Crawford 1914: 572, 576. = Dicranotropis foveatus (Spooner, 1912); comb, by Crawford 1914: 600. = Dicranotropis variegatus (Spooner, 1912); comb, by Crawford 1914: 600. = Pissonotus foveatus Spooner 1912; syn. by Van Duzee 1916a: 84. = Stobaera foveatus (Spooner, 1912); comb, by Van Duzee 1916a: 84. = Pissonotus quadripustulatus (Van Duzee, 1909); comb, by Metcalf 1923: 148, 170. = Pissonotus variegatus Spooner, 1912; syn. by Metcalf 1923: 148. = Pissonotus 4-pustulata (Van Duzee, 1909); comb, by Morgan & Beamer 1949: 110, 120-121. = Pissonotus quadripustutatus (Van Duzee, 1909); missp. by Stiling 1994, noted by Bartlett & Deitz 2000: 34-38. radiolus Bartlett 2000 (in Bartlett & Deitz 2000) CAN: ON Bartlett & Deitz 2000 rubrilatus Morgan & Beamer, 1949 USA: CO, ID, MT, WY; CAN: BC Morgan & Beamer 1949, Bartlett & Deitz 2000, Maw et al. 2000, Hamilton 2002b USA: CA; Mexico (Durango, Jalisco) Bartlett & Deitz 2000 USA: CT, FL, MO, NC, NH, NY, OH, PA Morgan & Beamer 1949, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wilson et al. 1993, Bartlett & Deitz 2000 USA: FL, GA, MS, NC, OH Morgan & Beamer 1949, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Bartlett & Deitz 2000 USA: CT, MI, MN, NC, NH, NY, PA, VA; Morgan & Beamer 1949, CAN: MB Kontkanen 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Bartlett & Deitz 2000, Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006 species Kelisia salina Ball, 1902b); syn. by Wilson 1982a: 533. spatidatus Bartlett, 2000 (in Bartlett & Deitz 2000) spooneri Morgan & Beamer, 1949 [Metcalf 1943: 145 as syn. of Phyllodictus flabellatus] = Pissonotus piceus Spooner, 1912: 238-239 (nec Van Duzee, 1894b). = Phyllodictus flabellatus (Ball, 1903); syn. by Ball 1926: 19 (error). = Pissonotus (Phyllodictus) spooneri Morgan & Beamer, 1949: 104-107; replacement name by Morgan & Beamer 1949: 104-107. = Pissonotus spooneri Morgan & Beamer, 1949; status by Bartlett & Deitz 2000: 98. tessellatus (Ball, 1926) [Metcalf 1943: 146] = Phyllodictus tessellatus Ball, 1926: 19. = Pissonotus tessellatus (Ball, 1926); comb, by Morgan & Beamer 1949: 100. tumidus Morgan & Beamer, 1949 = Pissonotus (Phyllodictus) tumidus Morgan & Beamer, 1949: 102-103. = Pissonotus tumidus Morgan & Beamer, 1949; status by Bartlett & Deitz 2000: 49. Prokelisia Osborn, 1905 (Type species Prokelisia setigera Osborn, 1905, junior syn. of Megamelus marginatus Van Duzee, 1897). = Prokelisoidea McDermott, 1952: 57 (Type Metcalf 1943, Morgan & Beamer 1949, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Denno et al. 1991, Stiling 1994, Bartlett & Deitz 2000 Continued 140 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES carolae Wilson, 1982a USA: CA; CAN: BC Wilson 1982a, Heady & Wilson 1990, Maw et al. 2000 crocea (Van Duzee, 1897) [Metcalf 1943: 184] = Kelisia crocea Van Duzee, 1897: 233. = Stenocranus crocea (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Osborn & Ball 1897: 233. = Liburnia crocea (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Beamer 1945a: 100. = Prokelisia crocea (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Oman 1947: 220. USA: AR, CO, CT, DE, FL, IA, IL, IN, KS, LA, MA, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, ND, NH, NJ, NM, NY, OH, SD, VA, WI; CAN: MB, NB, ON, PE, QC, SK Beamer 1946b, Oman 1947, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Wilson 1982a, Heady & Wilson 1990, Denno et al. 1991,Wilson et al. 1993, Maw et al. 2000, Lago & Testa 2000, Hamilton 2002c dolus Wilson, 1982a USA: AL, CA, CT, DE, FL, GA, LA, MA, MD, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NY, SC, TX, VA; CAN: NB, NS, ON, QC; Mexico Wilson 1982a, Heady & Wilson 1990, Denno et al. 1991, Maw et al. 2000, Lago & Testa 2000, Hamilton 2002c, Benton & McCreadie 2009 marginata (Van Duzee, 1897) [Metcalf 1943: 300] = Megamelus marginatus Van Duzee, 1897: 234. = Prokelisia setigera Osborn, 1905: 373. = Megamelus setigerus (Osborn, 1905); comb, by Crawford 1914: 631. = Prokelisia marginatus (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Van Duzee 1916a; 83. = Megamelus marginata (Van Duzee, 1897); comb, by Van Duzee 1917b: 765. = Prokelisia setigera Osborn, 1905; syn. by Wilson 1982a: 537-539. USA: CA, CT, DE, FL, GA, LA, MA, MD, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NY, SC, VA, WA; CAN: SK; England, France, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain (adventive) (reported in error: USA: IL) Metcalf 1943, Oman 1947, Davis & Gray 1966, Bickley & Seek 1975, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wilson 1982a, Heady & Wilson 1990, Denno et al. 1991, Maw et al. 2000, Lago & Testa 2000, Grevstad et al. 2003, 2004; Seljak 2004, Badmin & Witts 2009 salina (Ball, 1902b) [Metcalf 1943: 198] = Kelisia salina Ball, 1902b: 264. = Megamelus salina (Ball, 1902b); comb, by Crawford 1914: 631. = Megamelanus frontalis Crawford, 1914: 593. = Megamelus constrictus Crawford, 1914: 610. = Liburnia constricta (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Metcalf 1923: 148. = Prokelisia constricta (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 10. = Megamelanus salina (Ball, 1902b); comb, by Beamer 1945a: 100. = Prokelisoidea frontalis (Crawford, 1914); syn. by McDermott 1952: 58-59. = Prokelisoidea salina (Ball, 1902b); comb, by McDermott 1952: 57. = Megamelanus frontalis Crawford, 1914: 593; syn. by Wilson 1982a: 540-542. = Megamelus constrictus Crawford, 1914: 610; syn. by Wilson 1982a: 540-542. = Megamelus constrictus minutus Crawford, 1914: 610; syn. by Wilson 1982a: 540-542. Pygospina Caldwell, 1951 (in Caldwell & Martorell 1951) (Type species Pygospina spinata Caldwell, 1951 in Caldwell & Martorell, 1951). USA: AZ, CA, CO, FL, GA, ID, IL, KS, MI, NE, NM, NV, OR, SD, TX, UT, WA, WY; CAN: BC, MB, ON, SK; Bahamas (Abaco Cays, Andros, Exuma Cays, Eleuthera, New Providence); Mexico (San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas) Metcalf 1943, McDermott 1952, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Wilson 1982a, Heady & Wilson 1990, Meagher et al. 1993, Maw et al. 2000, Wilson & Wheeler 2010 spinata Caldwell, 1951 (in Caldwell & Martorell 1951) USA: AL, FL; Belize, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, Cocos Islands Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Tsai & Mead 1982, Rodriguez-Leon et al. 1994b, Doud et al. 1997, Benton & McCreadie 2009 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 141 i Ribautodelphax Wagner, 1963 (Type species Delphax collina Boheman, 1847). albostriata (Fieber, 1866b) [Metcalf 1943: 402] = Delphax albostriata Fieber, 1866b: 525. = Liburnia albostriata (Fieber, 1866b); comb, by Fieber 1872: 5. = Delphacode s albostriata (Fieber, 1866b); comb, by Metcalf 1943: 402. = Ribautodelphax albostriatus (Fieber, 1866b); comb, by Wagner 1963: 176. = Delphacodes albostriatus (Fieber, 1866b); emendation by Wilson 1992: 88. = Liburnia distinguenda Sahlberg, 1871: 432 [nec Kirschbaum, 1868]; syn. by Reuter 1880: 197. = Delphacodes nigrigaster (Crawford, 1914); new synonymy. magna (Crawford, 1914) [Metcalf 1943: 467] = Megamelus magnus Crawford, 1914: 627. = Liburnia magnus (Crawford, 1914); Van Duzee, 1916: 84. = Delphacodes magna (Crawford, 1914); comb, by. Muir & Giffard, 1924: 29. = Ribautodelphax magna (Crawford, 1914); new combination. USA: AK, CO; CAN: AB, BC, MB, SK, YK; Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, "Czechoslovakia", Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Russia, "Yugoslavia" USA: AZ, CO, ID, IL?, MI, MT, OR; CAN: AB, BC, NF, QC, YK Metcalf 1943, Wilson 1988, 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000 Metcalf 1943, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Maw et al. 2000 pusilla Emeljanov, 1972 = Ribautodelphax balgasicus Vilbaste 1980: 14; syn. by Anufriev & Averkin 1982a: 99. Rotundifronta Beamer, 1950c (Type species Rotundifronta lutea Beamer, 1950c). lutea Beamer, 1950c USA: DE, MI, NY; CAN: AB, BC, ON, QC, SK, YK; Mongolia, Russia (Altay Territory, Chita Region, Tuva, Yakut Autonomous Republic, Khabarovsk Territory), China USA: FL Anufriev & Averkin 1982a, Wilson 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000, Qin et al. 2010 Beamer 1950c, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Scolopygos Bartlett, 2002 (Type species Scolopygos pallida Bartlett, 2002). pallida Bartlett, 2002 CAN: AB Bartlett 2002 Sogatella Fennah, 1956a (Type species Delphax furcifera Horvath, 1899). = Sogatodes Fennah, 1963b: 71 (Type species Sogatodes molinus Fennah, 1963b); syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990; 5. = Chloriona (Sogatella) Fennah, 1956a (Type species of Chloriona Fieber 1866b is Delphax unicolor Herrich-Schaffer, 1835). = Sogatella Fennah, 1956a; status (genus) by Fennah 1963b: 48. Continued 142 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES furcifera (Horvath, 1899) [Metcalf 1943: 357] = Delphax furcifera Horvath 1899: 372. = Liburnia furcifera (Horvath 1899); comb, by Matsumura 1900: 262. = Megamelus furcifera (Horvath 1899); comb, by Muir 1917: 328. = Sogata furcifera (Horvath 1899); comb, by Muir 1923: 174. = Delphacodes furcifera (Horvath 1899); comb, by Matsumura 1935a: 129. = Liburnia albolineosa Fowler, 1905; syn. by Muir & Giffard 1924: 13 (error; removed from syn. by Fennah 1963b: 74). = Sogata distincta Distant, 1912: 191; syn. by Muir 1919a: 7. = Sogatella furcifera distincta (Distant, 1912); status by Fennah 1963b: 51. = Sogata pallescens Distant, 1912: 192; syn. by Muir 1919a: 7. = Sogatella furcifera pallescens (Distant, 1912); status by Fennah 1963b: 51. = Sogata kyusyuensis Masumura & Ishihara, 1945: 65; syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 9. = Sogatella kyusyuensis (Masumura & Ishihara, 1945); comb, by Fennah 1963b: 51. = Sogata tandojamensis Qadri & Mirza 1960: 115 (nomen nudum); syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 9. = Opiconsiva colorata Distant, 1917: 301; syn. by Muir & Giffard 1924: 13 (error: removed from syn. by Fennah 1963b: 62-63). = Opiconsiva insularis Distant, 1917: 303; syn. by Muir 1919a: 7 (error: to Sogatella kolophon by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7). = Opiconsiva derelicta Distant, 1917: 303; syn. by Muir 1919a: 7 (error: to Sogatella kolophon by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7). = Opiconsiva balteata Distant, 1917: 302; syn. by Muir 1919a: 7 (error: to Sogatella kolophon by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7). = Delphax nigrigenis Jacobi, 1917: 530; syn. by Muir & Giffard 1924: 13. = Opiconsiva gloriosa Distant, 1917: 303; syn. by Muir & Giffard 1924: 13. Reported in error from New World (USA: FL, NC, LA, Bermuda, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico (inc. Mona Island), Trinidad, St. Croix, Tortola. Also reported in error from Europe (Canary Islands, Egypt, Israel, Madeira, Russia, Sicily, "Yugoslavia") and Africa (Kenya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Seychelles Islands, South Africa, Tanzania). Palearctic: Japan, Korea, Mongolia Indomalaya: Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippine Islands, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam Pacific: Fiji, Micronesia (Guam, Palau, Ponape, Marshall Islands), Ryukyu Islands, Vanuatu Australia Metcalf 1943, Fennah 1945a, 1949, 1950b, 1956a, b; 1963, 1965c, 1971b, 1975, 1978a; Ramos 1947, Caldwell 1950a, Wolcott 1950, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Beamer 1952a, Miskimen & Bond 1970, Asche & Wilson 1990, Wilson & Claridge 1991, Denno et al. 1991, Rodriguez-Leon et al. 1994a BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 143 kolophon (Kirkaldy, 1907a) [Metcalf 1943: 361] = Delphax kolophon Kirkaldy, 1907a: 157-158. = Opiconsiva balteata Distant, 1917: 302. = Opiconsiva insularis Distant, 1917: 303. = Opiconsiva derelicta Distant, 1917: 303. = Liburnia furcifera var. kolophon (Kirkaldy, 1907a); comb, by Metcalf 1943: 361. = Delphacode s elegantissima lshihara, 1952: 45-47. = Sogata meridiana Beamer, 1952a: 111-112. = Sogatella kolophon meridiana (Beamer, 1952a); comb, by Fennah 1963b: 59. = Sogatella kolophon atlantica Fennah, 1963b; 58. = Chloriona (Sogatella) kolophon (Kirkaldy, 1907a); comb, by Fennah 1956b: 116 (new comb, not stated). = Sogatella kolophon (Kirkaldy, 1907a); status by Fennah 1963b: 58. = Sogatella kolophon insularis (Distant, 1917); comb, by Fennah 1963b: 59-60. = Sogatella derelicta (Distant, 1917); comb, by Fennah 1963b: 62. = Sogatella balteata (Distant, 1917); comb, by Fennah 1963b: 64-65. = Sogatella nebris Fennah, 1963b: 67-68. = Sogatella elegantissima (lshihara, 1952); comb, by Fennah 1963b: 67. = Sogatella chenhea Kuoh, 1977: 440-441. = Sogata meridiana Beamer, 1952a; syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7, 16. = Sogatella kolophon atlantica Fennah, 1963b; syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7, 16. = Opiconsiva balteata Distant, 1917; syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7, 16. = Opiconsiva derelicta Distant, 1917; syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7, 16. = Opiconsiva insularis Distant, 1917: 303; syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7, 16. = Sogatella chenhea Kuoh, 1977; syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7, 16. = Delphacodes elegantissima lshihara, 1952; syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7, 16. = Sogatella nebris Fennah, 1963b; syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7, 17. molina (Fennah, 1963b) = Sogatodes molinus Fennah, 1963b: 72. = Sogatella molina (Fennah, 1963b); comb, by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7, 20-22. Widespread, circumtropical and warm temperate regions. Nearctic: USA: AL, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, KS, KY, LA, MD, MS, NC, NJ, OK, SC, TN, TX, VA; CAN: NS Neotropical: Bahamas (Andros, Crooked, Eleuthera, Exuma, New Providence); Belize, Bermuda Islands, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Grenada, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico (Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacan, Morales, Puebla, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), Montserrat, Nicaragua, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, Trinidad, Venezuela, Virgin Islands (St. Kitts) Atlantic Ocean: St. Helena Island. Palearctic: Azores, Canary Islands, Japan, Korea Afrotropical: Cape Verde Island, Ivory Coast, Mauritius, Nigeria, Rodrigues Island, South Africa. Indomalayan: Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Philippine Islands, Seychelles Islands, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Taiwan, Vietnam Pacific: Austral Isl. (Rurutu Is.); Belau Island, Eniwetok Atoll, Fiji, Galapagos, Guam, Hawaii, Henderson Island, Mangareva Island, Marquesas Islands (Hiva Oa), Micronesia (Bonin Island, Caroline Atolls, Gilbert Islands, Marshall Islands, Palau, Ponape, S. Mariana Islands, Marshall Islands, Truk, Yap), New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Pitcairn Island, Rapa, Society Islands (Raiatea, Moorea), Solomon Islands, Swains Is., Tonga Islands, Western Samoa Australian: Australia USA: AL, MS, SC, FL; Bahamas (Andros, Exuma Cays); Bermuda, Cayman Is. (Grand Cayman), Cuba, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Federal District, Jalisco, Morales, San Luis Potosf, Sinaloa, Sonora, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas) Beamer 1952a, Fennah 1956b, 1957c, 1959, 1963b, 1965c, 1967a, b, 1969b, 1971b, 1975, 1976, 1978a; Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Tsai & Mead 1982, Giri & Frey tag 1983a, Giri et al. 1985, Ballou et al. 1987, Asche 1988b, Wilson & Hilburn 1991, Asche & Wilson 1990, Asche 1997, Maw et al. 2000, Lago & Testa 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006 Fennah 1963b 1971; Tsai & Mead 1982, Asche & Wilson 1990, Wilson & Hilburn 1991, Benton & McCreadie 2009 Continued 144 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Stobaera Stal, 1859 (Type species Delphax concinna Stal, 1854). = Goniolcium Fowler, 1905: 132-133 (Type species Goniolcium granulosum Fowler, 1905); syn. by Muir 1915: 264. affinis Van Duzee, 1909 [Metcalf 1943: 83] bilobata Van Duzee, 1914 [Metcalf 1943: 84] caldiuelli Kramer, 1973 concinna (Stal, 1859) [Metcalf 1943: 84, Delphax] = Stobaera minuta Osborn 1905: 376; syn. by Kramer 1973: 388-391. = Stobaera bahamensis Metcalf, 1954c: 6-8; syn. by O'Brien 1985: 657. giffardi Van Duzee, 1917a [Metcalf 1943: 84] muiri Kramer, 1973 pallida Osborn, 1905 [Metcalf 1943: 85] tricarinata (Say, 1825) [Metcalf 1943: 86, Delphax] = Stobaera nigripennis Crawford, 1914: 576; syn. by Kramer 1973: 393-396. Syndelphax Fennah, 1963a (Type species Delphax matanitu Kirkaldy, 1907a, junior syn. of Delphax disonymos Kirkaldy, 1907a). alexanderi (Metcalf, 1923) [Metcalf 1943: 404] = Liburnia alexanderi Metcalf, 1923: 209. = Delphacodes alexanderi (Metcalf, 1923); comb, by Frison 1927: 153. = Syndelphax alexanderi (Metcalf, 1923); comb, by Kennedy et al. 2012: 404. = Delphacodes uhleri Muir & Giffard, 1924: 28; syn. by Kennedy et al. 2012: 404-405. fallax (Muir, 1926) [Metcalf 1943: 442] = Delphacodes fallax Muir, 1926: 33. = Syndelphax fallax (Muir, 1926); comb, by Gonzon & Bartlett 2008: 252. USA: FT; Mexico (Jalisco) USA: CA USA: AZ, CA, NM, NV, TX, UT; Mexico (Baja California, Sonora) USA: AZ, CA, CO, FL, LA, MS, NC, TX, UT; Bahamas, Bermuda, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico (Baja California, Jalisco, Federal District, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Sonora, Sinaloa),Puerto Rico, St. Lucia? (reported in error: USA: NJ, IL) USA: CA USA: CA USA: DE, FL, MD, NC, NJ, NY, PA, TX, VA; Bahamas (Eleuthera Is., Abaco Cay); Mexico (Federal District, Hidalgo, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla) USA: AL, AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MN, MO, MS, NC, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, SC, TN, TX, UT, VA, WA, WI; CAN: BC, ON, QC; Mexico (Baja California, Nayarit); also reported, probably in error, from Guatemala, Nicaragua, Cuba, Puerto Rico USA: AL, AR, DE, FL, GA, IL, KS, KY, MD, MO, MS, NC, NJ, TN, VA USA: TX, NM?; Jamaica, Paraguay, Brazil Metcalf 1943, Kramer 1973, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Metcalf 1943, Kramer 1973 Kramer 1973 Metcalf 1943, Kramer 1973, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, O'Brien 1985, Calvert, Wilson & Tsai 1987, Wilson & Hilburn 1991, Lago & Testa 2000 Metcalf 1943, Kramer 1973 Kramer 1973 Metcalf 1943, Kramer 1973. Bickley & Seek 1975, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Metcalf 1943, Proctor 1946, Moore 1950a, b; Wolcott 1950, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Fennah 1959, Kramer 1973, Bickley & Seek 1975,Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Weber & Wilson 1981, Giri & Freytag 1983a, Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006 Metcalf 1943, 1949; DuBose 1960, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Giri & Freytag 1983b, Wilson et al. 1993, Gonzon et al. 2006, Kennedy et al. 2012 Metcalf 1943, Beamer 1947, Gonzon & Bartlett 2008, Wilson & Wheeler 2010 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 145 floridae (Muir & Giffard, 1924) [Metcalf 1943: 445] = Delphacodes floridae Muir & Giffard, 1924: 33. = Syndelphax floridae (Muir & Giffard, 1924); comb, by Kennedy et al. 2012: 404—405. fulvidorsum (Metcalf, 1923) [Metcalf 1943: 448] = Liburnia fulvidorsum Metcalf, 1923: 210. = Delphacodes fulvidorsum (Metcalf, 1923); comb, by Frison 1927: 153. = Syndelphax fulvidorsum (Metcalf, 1923); comb, by Kennedy et al. 2012: 404. humilis (Van Duzee, 1907) [Metcalf 1943: 455] = Liburnia humilis Van Duzee, 1907: 48. = Megamelus humilis (Van Duzee, 1907); comb, by Crawford, 1914: 629. = Delphacodes humilis (Van Duzee, 1907); comb, by Wolcott, 1923: 274. = Megamelus erectus Crawford, 1914: 624; syn. by Muir & Giffard 1924: 31-32. = Megamelus erectus nigripennis Crawford, 1914: 624; syn. by Muir & Giffard 1924: 31-32. (error). = Syndelphax humilis (Van Duzee, 1907); comb, by Kennedy et al. 2012: 404-405. nigripennis (Crawford 1914) [Metcalf 1943: 472] = Megamelus erectus nigripennis Crawford 1914: 625. = Delphacodes erectus nigripennis (Crawford 1914); comb, by Muir, 1918: 427. = Delphacodes nigripennis (Crawford 1914); comb, by Muir & Giffard 1924: 31. = Syndelphax nigripennis (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Kennedy et al. 2012: 404, 405. pseudoseminiger (Muir & Giffard, 1924) [Metcalf 1943: 367] = Sogata pseudoseminigra Muir & Giffard, 1924: 15. = Liburnia pseudoseminigra (Muir & Giffard, 1924); comb, by Metcalf 1943: 367-368. = Syndelphax pseudoseminiger (Muir & Giffard, 1924); comb, by Kennedy et al. 2012: 404-405. Tagosodes Asche & Wilson, 1990 (Type species Dicranotropis cubanus Crawford, 1914). albolineosus (Fowler, 1905) [Metcalf 1943: 357 as syn. of Liburnia furcifera] = Liburnia albolineosa Fowler, 1905: 135. = Megamelus albolineosus (Fowler, 1905); comb, by Crawford 1914: 610-611. = Sogata furcifera (Horvath, 1899); syn. by Muir & Giffard 1924: 13 (error). = Delphacodes albolineosa (Fowler, 1905); comb, by Osborn 1926: 360. = Sogatodes albolineosus (Fowler, 1905); comb, by Fennah 1963b: 74. = Tagosodes albolineosus (Fowler, 1905); comb, by Asche & Wilson 1990: 32. USA: FL; Belize, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Mexico (Tamaulipas) USA: FL, GA, MO, NC, SC, TX; Bahamas (Rum Cay, Exuma Cays); Belize, Bermuda, Cuba, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico (Jalisco, Morelos, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas), Panama, Puerto Rico USA: FL; Argentina, Bahamas (Eleuthera, San Salvador); Belize, Brazil, Cayman Islands (Cayman Brae), Cuba, Ecuador, Guadelupe, Guyana, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico (Veracruz), Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico USA: TX; Cuba, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico USA: GA, FL, LA USA: FL; Costa Rica, Mexico (Tabasco, Veracruz), Panama Metcalf 1943, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Kennedy et al. 2012 (Puerto Rico & Montserrat as D. f. puertoricensis Caldwell 1951; Caldwell & Martorell 1951; Fennah 1959) Metcalf 1943, 1949; Beamer 1946b, Caldwell 1950a, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wilson & Hilburn 1991, Gonzon et al. 2006, Kennedy et al. 2012 Metcalf 1943, Wolcott 1950, Caldwell 1950a, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Fennah 1959 Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Kennedy et al. 2012 Metcalf 1943, Kennedy et al. 2012 Metcalf 1943, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Cherry et al. 2006, Kennedy et al. 2012 Fowler 1905, Asche & Wilson 1990, Kennedy et al. 2012 Continued 146 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES approximates (Crawford, 1914) [Metcalf 1943: 351] = Megamelus approximates Crawford, 1914: 622. = Sogata approximata (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Wolcott 1923: 273. = [Liburnia] approximata (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Metcalf 1943: 351. = Chloriona (Sogatella) approximata (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Fennah 1959: 259. = Sogatodes approximates (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Fennah 1963b: 74. = Tagosodes approximates (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Asche & Wilson 1990: 32. cubanus (Crawford, 1914) [Metcalf 1943: 354] = Dicranotropis cubanus Crawford, 1914: 595. = Dicranotropis cubana Crawford, 1914; emendation by Weiss 1917: 215. = Megamelus puellis [sic] mexicanus Crawford, 1914: 626. = Megamelus flavolineatus Muir, 1920: 143; syn. by Wolcott 1923: 273. = Sogata cubanus (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Wolcott 1923: 273. = Sogata mexicana (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Muir & Giffard, 1924: 15. = Sogata cubana (Crawford, 1914); emendation by Muir 1926: 26-28. = Peregrinus cubana (Crawford, 1914); comb. By Osborn 1926: 358. = Sogata cubana pallida Osborn, 1935: 243. = Liburnia cubana (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Metcalf 1943: 354. = Liburnia cubana pallida (Osborn, 1935); comb. By Metcalf 1943: 254. = Liburnia mexicana (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Crawford, 1914: 365. = Chloriona (Sogatella) cubana (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Fennah 1959: 259. = Sogatodes cubanus (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Fennah 1963b: 74. = Chloriona (Sogatella) panda Fennah, 1958a: 491-492; syn. by Fennah 1969a: 56. = Delphacodes pallidivitta Fennah, 1945a: 433-434; syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 33. = Tagosodes cubanus (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Asche & Wilson 1990: 33. = Liburnia cubana pallida (Osborn, 1935); new synonymy. = Liburnia mexicana (Crawford, 1914); new synonymy. dorsolineatus (Beamer, 1952a) = Sogata dorsolineatus Beamer, 1952a: 112. = Tagosodes dorsolineatus (Beamer, 1952a); comb, by Asche & Wilson 1990: 33. USA: FL; Bahamas (Great Lnagua); Belize, Cayman Islands (Grand Cayman, Cayman Brae), Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico (inc. Caja de Muertos), Peru, Trinidad, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Venezuela USA: FL, NJ?, TX; Bahamas (Great lnagua); Bermuda, Brazil, Cayman Islands (Grand Cayman, Cayman Brae); Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico (Colima, Federal District, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacan, Morales, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Veracruz), Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, Surinam, Trinidad, Venezuela, Virgin Islands (St. Croix) (NJ record probably in error Palearctic: Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Sudan (adventive?) USA: TX Metcalf 1943, Wolcott 1950, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Fennah 1959, Asche & Wilson 1990, Kennedy et al. 2012 Metcalf 1943, Wolcott 1950, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Fennah 1959, 1969a, Miskimen & Bond 1970, Tsai & Mead 1982, Asche 1988b, Asche & Wilson 1990, Wilson & Hilburn 1991, Rodriguez-Leon et al. 1994a Beamer 1952a, Asche & Wilson 1990 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 147 orizicolus (Muir, 1926) [Metcalf 1943: 366] = Sogata orizicola Muir, 1926: 27. = Liburnia orizicola (Muir, 1926); comb. Metcalf 1943: 366, 547. = Liburnia brazilensis (Muir, 1926); comb, by Metcalf 1943: 353, 547. = Chloriona (Sogatella) orizicola (Muir, 1926); comb, by Fennah 1959: 259. = Sogatodes orizicola (Muir, 1926); comb, by Fennah 1963b: 74. = Sogatodes brazilensis (Muir, 1926); comb, by Fennah 1963b: 74. = Sogata brazilensis Muir, 1926:26; syn. by Fennah 1965b: 215-217. = Tagosodes orizicolus (Muir, 1926); comb, and emendation by Asche & Wilson 1990: 34-35. zoallacei (Muir & Giffard, 1924) [Metcalf 1943: 371] = Sogata zuallacei Muir & Giffard, 1924: 13. = Liburnia wallacei (Muir & Giffard, 1924); comb, by Metcalf, 1943: 371. = Chloriona (Sogatella) wallacei (Muir & Giffard, 1924); comb, by Fennah, 1959: 259. = Sogatella ivallacei (Muir & Giffard, 1924); new status by implication Fennah, 1963: 48. = Tagosodes wallacei (Muir & Giffard, 1924); comb, by Asche & Wilson, 1990: 7, 36. = Delphacodes ardentis Beamer, 1948c: 113-114; new synonymy Toya Distant, 1906a (Type species Toya attenuata Distant, 1906a). = Himeunka Matsumura & Ishihara 1945 (Type species Unkana tateyamaella Matsumura, 1945 in Matsumura & Ishihara 1945); syn. by Anufriev 1977: 865; removed from syn. by Kuoh et al. 1981: 190. = Metadelphax Wagner, 1963 (Type species Delphax propinqua Fieber, 1866b); syn. by Fennah 1964: 142 (Type species moved to Toya); Nast 1972: 65, Linnavuori 1973: 107 (generic syn. listed); removed from syn. by Ding 2006: 511. boxi (Muir, 1926) [Metcalf 1943: 411] = Delphacodes boxi Muir, 1926: 32. = Toya boxi (Muir & Giffard, 1924); comb, by Fennah 1965a: 96. goliai Gonzon & Bartlett, 2008 idonea (Beamer, 1947) = Delphacodes idonea Beamer, 1947: 66. = Toya idonea (Beamer, 1947); comb, by Gonzon & Bartlett 2008: 222-224. USA: FL, LA, MS; Bolivia, Brazil, Cayman Islands (Grand Cayman), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, French Guiana, Guyana, Mexico (Guerrero), Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Surinam, Trinidad, Uruguay, Venezuela USA: FL; Mexico (Guerrero); Belize, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, Peru USA: FL; Guyana, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago USA: FL USA: AL, FL, LA, MS, NC; Bahamas (South Bimini, Andros, Great Inagua), Belize, Brazil, Bolivia, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Paraguay, Surinam, Uruguay, Venezuela Metcalf 1943, Fennah 1959, 1965b, 1971, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wilson & Claridge 1991, Denno et al. 1991, Arias et al. 1993, Rodriguez- Leon et al. 1994a, Hernandez et al. 2004 Metcalf 1943, Beamer 1948c, Fennah 1959, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Asche & Wilson 1990 Metcalf 1943, Gonzon & Bartlett 2008 Gonzon & Bartlett 2008 Beamer 1947, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Ballou et al. 1987, Lago & Testa 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006, Gonzon & Bartlett 2008, Benton & McCreadie 2009 Continued 148 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES nigra (Crawford, 1914) [Metcalf 1943: 471] = Megamelus erectus niger Crawford, 1914: 608. = Delphacodes nigra (Crawford, 1914); comb, and emendation by Muir & Giffard 1924: 32. = Delphacodes axonopi Fennah, 1945a: 434-435; syn. by Gonzon & Bartlett 2008: 224. = Toya nigra (Crawford, 1914); comb, by Gonzon & Bartlett 2008: 224-227. USA: FL; Argentina, Bahamas (Cat, Exuma Cays, Fong); Belize, Brazil, Bolivia, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Mexico (Guerrero, Veracruz), Panama, Puerto Rico (inc. Mona and Vieques Is.), St. Fucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela Metcalf 1943, Fennah 1945a, 1959; Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Gonzon & Bartlett 2008 Tumidagena McDermott, 1952 (Type species Tumidagena minuta McDermott, 1952). minuta McDermott, 1952 USA: CT, DE, GA, MD, NJ, NY Wilson & McPherson 1980b, McDermott 1952, Denno et al. 1991 propinqua McDermott, 1952 USA: FF, FA, MS, NC, TX Wilson & McPherson 1980b, McDermott 1952, Denno et al. 1991 terminalis (Metcalf, 1923) [Metcalf 1943: 280] = Megamelanus terminalis Metcalf, 1923: 198-199. = Tumidagena terminalis (Metcalf, 1923); comb, by McDermott 1952: 43. USA: AF, FF, FA, MS, NC, SC, TX, VA (reported in error: USA: MA) Metcalf 1943, 1949; McDermott 1952, Davis & Gray 1966, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Unkanodes Fennah, 1956a (Type species Unkana sapporona Matsumura 1935b). = Elymodelphax Wagner, 1963: 167 (Type Liburnia excisa Melichar, 1898); syn. by Dlabola 1965:86. = Uncanodes Fennah, 1956a; missp. by Dlabola 1965: 86. = Chilodelphax Vilbaste, 1968: 26 (subgenus; Type species Unkanodes (C.) silvatica Vilbaste, 1968: 26); status revised to genus by Kwon 1982: 4. = Kivonianella Anufriev, 1988 (in Anufriev & Emeljanov 1988) (Type species Liburnia albifascia Matsumura, 1900) (subgenus). excisa (Melichar, 1898) [Metcalf 1943: 436] = Liburnia excisa Melichar, 1898: 67. = Delphax excisa (Melichar, 1898); comb, by Puton 1899: 108. = Liburnia elymi Jensen-Haarup, 1917: 3; syn. by Jensen-Haarup 1920: 53. = Delphacodes excisa (Melichar, 1898); comb, by Metcalf 1943: 436. = Elymodelphax excisa (Melichar, 1898); comb, by Wagner 1963: 167. = Unkanodes excisa (Melichar, 1898); comb, by implication Dlabola 1965: 86. USA: AK; Austria, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Poland, Russia (Kurile Is.), Sweden, Ukraine Metcalf 1943, Wilson 1992, Maw et al. 2000 Yukonodelphax Wilson, 1992 (Type species Yukonodelphax kendallae Wilson, 1992). bifurca Beamer, 1946d = Delphacodes bifurca Beamer, 1946d: 143. = Yukonodelphax bifurca (Beamer, 1946d); new combination USA: FF, KS, MO, NC, TN, VA Beamer 1946d, Wilson et al. 1993, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006 kendallae Wilson, 1992 CAN: AB, YK Wilson 1992, 1997; Maw et al. 2000 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 149 stramineosa (Beamer, 1948a) = Delphacodes stramineosa Beamer, 1948a: 5-6. = Yukonodelphax stramineosa (Beamer, 1948a); comb, by Wilson 1992: 92. FAMILY DERBIDAE Cedusinae Emeljanov, 1992 Cedusini Emeljanov, 1992 = Cenchreini Muir 1917 sensu Fennah 1952, Broomfield 1985 in part; status by Emeljanov 1996a. Cednsa Fowler, 1904 (Type species Cedusa funesta Fowler, 1904) = Sedusa, missp. by Wray 1967: 30. arizonensis Flynn & Kramer, 1983 australis (Metcalf, 1923) [Metcalf 1945: 133 as syn. of Cedusa praecox] = Herpis australis Metcalf, 1923: 196. = Cedusa praecox (Van Duzee, 1912a: 502); syn. by McAfee 1924: 180 (error); removed from syn. by Flynn & Kramer 1983: 194-195. = Cedusa australis (Metcalf, 1923); comb, by Flynn & Kramer 1983: 194. balli Flynn & Kramer, 1983 beamer i Flynn & Kramer, 1983 bedusa McAtee, 1924 [Metcalf 1945: 128] californica (Van Duzee, 1891) [Metcalf 1945: 128, Lamenia ] carolinensis Flynn & Kramer, 1983 cedusa McAtee, 1924 [Metcalf 1945: 129] chuluota Ball, 1928 [Metcalf 1945: 129] flavida (Van Duzee, 1907) [Metcalf 1945: 129, Lamenia] gedusa McAtee, 1924 [Metcalf 1945: 130] USA: CT, NY; CAN: QC USA: AZ; Mexico (state not specified) USA: IL, LA, MI, MO, MS, TX; El Salvador, Honduras, Panama USA: LA USA: AZ, NM, UT USA: AR, CA, FL, IL, LA, MS, NC, OH, VA USA: AZ, CA, CO, ID, OK, OR, TX, UT (reported in error: USA: MI) USA: AL, DC, DE, FL, GA, MD, NC, SC USA: DC, FL, MD, Ml, MN, NY, OH, VA, WI USA: FL, GA, NC, NJ USA: DC, GA, IL, MD, MS, NC, NJ, OH, TN, VA (reported probably in error Puerto Rico) Jamaica (reported in error: USA: FL) USA: FL, GA, MD, MS, NJ, NY, PA, TN edentula (Van Duzee, 1912a) [Metcalf 1945: 129] = Cedusa hedusa McAtee, 1924: 184; syn. by Ball 1928: 200 (error); removed from syn. by Flynn & Kramer 1983: 194-195. Beamer 1954a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wilson 1992, Maw et al. 2000 Flynn & Kramer 1983 Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Flynn & Kramer 1983 Flynn & Kramer 1983 Flynn & Kramer 1983 Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Flynn & Kramer 1983 Metcalf 1945, Oman 1947, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Flynn & Kramer 1983 Flynn & Kramer 1983, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Flynn & Kramer 1983, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Flynn & Kramer 1983, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Flynn & Kramer 1983, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1945, Flynn & Kramer 1983 Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Flynn & Kramer 1983, Gonzon et al. 2006, Bartlett et al. 2011 Continued 150 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES hedusa McAtee, 1924 [Metcalf 1945: 129, as syn. of USA: AL, FL, GA, MD, ME, NY, OH, SC, Cedusa edentula ] = Cedusa hedusa McAtee, 1924: 184. = Cedusa edentula (Van Duzee, 1912); syn. by Ball, 1928: 200 (error); removed from syn. by Flynn & Kramer 1983: 194-195 incisa (Metcalf, 1923) [Metcalf 1945: 130, Herpis ] inflata (Ball, 1902b) [Metcalf 1945: 130, Lamenia] = Cedusa santaclara Myers 1928: 13; syn. by Flynn & Kramer 1983: 241. kedusa McAtee, 1924 [Metcalf 1945: 131] maculata (Van Duzee, 1912a) [Metcalf 1945: 131, Lamenia] VA; CAN: NB, ON, QC USA: CT, FL, IA, IL, IN, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MS, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, WI; CAN: MB, NB, ON, QC USA: FL; Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico USA: AL, AZ, CA, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, MD, MI, MO, NC, NJ, OH, TN, VA, WI; CAN: BC, ON, QC USA: FL, GA, IL, IN, MD, MN, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, TN, TX; CAN: ON, QC; Costa Rica, Honduras Proctor 1946, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Flynn & Kramer 1983, Maw et al. 2000, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1945, Moore 1950a, b; Kontkanen 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Flynn & Kramer 1983, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1945, Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Tsai & Mead 1 982, Flynn & Kramer 1983, Rodriguez- Leon et al. 1994a Metcalf 1945; Moore 1950a, b; Nixon & McPherson 1977, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Flynn & Kramer 1983, Paiero et al. 2003, Gonzon et al. 2006; Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Flynn & Kramer 1983, Gonzon et al. 2006, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 mallochi McAtee, 1924 [Metcalf 1945: 132] metcalfi Flynn & Kramer, 1983 minuenda Ball, 1928 [Metcalf 1945: 132] USA: DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, LA, MD, MS, NC, OH, SC, TN, VA; Honduras USA: GA, NC USA: FL, GA, NC Metcalf 1945, Wray 1967, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Flynn & Kramer 1983, Bartlett et al. 2011 Flynn & Kramer 1983 Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Flynn & Kramer 1983 neomaculata Caldwell, 1944b obscura (Ball, 1902b) [Metcalf 1945: 132, Lamenia] = Cedusa fedusa McAtee 1924: 185; syn. by Ball 1928: 200. = Cedusa tedusa McAtee 1924: 185; syn. by Ball 1928: 200 (error); syn. with C. vulgaris (Fitch 1851) by Flynn & Kramer 1983: 184. USA: FL; Mexico (Oaxaca) Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Flynn & Kramer 1983 USA: AR, CA, CO, CT, DC, FL, GA, IL, Metcalf 1945, Moore 1950a, KS, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MS, NC, NJ, b; Wilson & McPherson NY, TN, TX, VA, VT, WI; CAN: MB, 1980a, b; Flynn & ON, QC; Cuba, Guyana? Kramer 1983, Maw et al. 2000, Lago & Testa 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006, Bartlett et al. 2011 olseni Flynn & Kramer, 1983 USA: NC, NY, TN, WV Flynn & Kramer 1983, Gonzon et al. 2006 plummeri Caldwell, 1944c USA: AZ, TX; Costa Rica; Mexico (Federal Flynn & Kramer 1983 District) BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 151 praecox (Van Duzee, 1912a) [Metcalf 1945: 133, Lamenia] = Herpis australis Metcalf, 1923: 196; syn. by McAtee 1924: 180; removed from syn. by Flynn & Kramer 1983: 194-195. USA: AZ, (reported in error: USA: TX based on Herpis australis record) Metcalf 1945, Flynn & Kramer 1983 redusa McAtee, 1924 [Metcalf 1945: 134] USA: DE, FL, GA, KY, MD, NC, VA Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Flynn & Kramer 1983, Bartlett et al. 2011 shaivi Flynn & Kramer, 1983 USA: AL, GA, MD, NC, TX Flynn & Kramer 1983, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 siopa Kramer, 1986 USA: TX; Mexico (San Luis Potosi) Kramer, 1986 vanduzeei Flynn & Kramer, 1983 USA: TX Flynn & Kramer 1983 vulgaris (Fitch, 1851) [Metcalf 1945: 135, Poeciloptera ] = Lamenia vulgaris (Fitch, 1851); lapsus by Proctor 1946: 95. = Cedusa tedusa McAtee 1924: 185; syn. by Flynn & Kramer 1983: 184 USA: AR, CA, CT, DC, DE, GA, IA, IL, KS, MD, ME, MI, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, TN, TX, VA; CAN: ON, QC Metcalf 1945, Proctor 1946, Moore 1950a, b; Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Flynn & Kramer 1983, Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006, Bartlett et al. 2011 widisca Kramer, 1986 USA: TX Kramer 1986 ivoodsholensis Flynn & Kramer, 1983 USA: MA, NC Flynn & Kramer 1983 xenga Kramer, 1986 USA: FL, TX Kramer 1986 zaxoza Kramer, 1986 USA: FL Kramer 1986 Derbinae Spinola, 1839 Derbini Spinola, 1839 = Mysidiini Broomfield, 1985; Syn. by Emeljanov 1996a: 74. Dysimia Muir, 1924 (Type species Dysimia maculata Muir 1924). pseudomaculata Broomfield, 1985: 91; replacement name for D. maculata Ball, 1928 [nec Muir, 1924] (misidentification). USA: FL Broomfield 1985 Paramysidia Broomfield, 1985 (Type species Mysidia mississippiensis Dozier, 1922). mississippiensis (Dozier, 1922) [Metcalf 1945: 68] = Mysidia mississippiensis Dozier, 1922: 82. = Paramysidia mississippiensis (Dozier, 1922); comb, by Broomfield 1985: 104-105. USA: FL, LA, MS, OK, TX Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Broomfield 1985 Cenchreini Muir, 1917 Neocenchrea Metcalf, 1923 (Type species Cenchrea heidemanni Ball, 1902b). heidemanni (Ball, 1902b) [Metcalf 1945: 104, Cenchrea] USA: DC, DE, IL, KS, MD, NC, NJ, OH, VA Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; O'Brien 1982b, Bartlett et al. 2011 Continued 152 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Omolicna Fennah, 1945a (Type species Omolicna proxima Fennah, 1945a). = Phaciocephalus Kirkaldy, 1906, in part (Type species Phaciocephalus vitiensis Kirkaldy 1906); Caldwell 1951: 201 (in Caldwell & Martorell 1951), also Fennah 1952: 126. = Omalicna Fennah, 1945a; Missp. by Gonzon et al. 2006: 253. fulva (Van Duzee, 1909) [Metcalf 1945: 102] USA: FT; Cuba; Panama = Cenchrea fulva Van Duzee, 1909: 195. = Phaciocephalus fulvus (Van Duzee, 1909); comb, by Myers 1926: 91, 103; also Fennah 1952: 136. = Syntames fulvus (Van Duzee, 1909); comb, by Metcalf 1938: 328. = Omolicna fulvus (Van Duzee, 1909); comb, by implication Fennah 1952: 136; also Wilson & McPherson 1980b: 13. = Omolicna fulva (Van Duzee, 1909); emendation by O'Brien 1982b: 320. mcateei (Dozier, 1928) [Metcalf 1945: 102] USA: FL, GA, MS, NC, TN = Cenchrea mcateei Dozier, 1928: 128. = Syntames mcateei (Dozier, 1928); comb, by Metcalf 1938: 328, 329. = Phaciocephalus mcateei (Dozier, 1928); comb, by Caldwell 1944b: 102. = Phaciocephalus nicatiei (Dozier, 1928); missp. by Wray 1967: 30. = Omolicna mcateei (Dozier, 1928); comb, by implication Caldwell & Martorell 1951: 201; also O'Brien 1982b: 320. nigripennis var. flavipennis (Caldwell 1944b) = Phaciocephalus nigripennis var. flavipennis Caldwell, 1944b: 104. = Omolicna nigripennis var. flavipennis (Caldwell, 1944b); comb, by implication Caldwell & Martorell 1951: 201. USA: TX; Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Veracruz); Guatemala texana (Caldwell, 1944b) USA: TX = Phaciocephalus texanus Caldwell, 1944b: 103. = Omolicna texana (Caldwell, 1944b); comb, by implication Caldwell & Martorell 1951: 201; emendation by O'Brien 1982b: 320. uhleri (Ball, 1902b) [Metcalf 1945: 102] USA: AL, DC, GA, IL, KS, MD, MO, MS, = Cenchrea uhleri Ball, 1902b: 261. NC, NJ, NY, OH, TN, VA; CAN: ON = Phaciocephalus uhleri (Ball, 1902b); comb, by Muir 1918a: 418. = Lamenia uhleri (Ball, 1902b); comb, by Smith 1910. = Syntames uhleri (Ball, 1902b); comb, by Fennah 1952: 136. = Omolicna uhleri (Ball, 1902b); comb, by implication Caldwell & Martorell 1951: 201; also O'Brien 1982b: 320. Persis Stal, 1862c (Type species Persis pugnax Stal, 1862c) Subgenus Anapersis Fennah, 1952 (Type species Neocenchrea gregaria Fennah, 1945a) Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, O'Brien 1982b Caldwell 1944b, Metcalf 1945, Wray 1967, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, O'Brien 1982b, Gonzon et al. 2006 Caldwell 1944b Caldwell 1944b, O'Brien 1982b Caldwell 1944b, Metcalf 1945, Nixon & McPherson 1977, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Weber & Wilson 1981, O'Brien 1982b, Wilson et al. 1993, Paiero et al. 2003, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 153 arizonensis O'Brien, 1986a ferox O'Brien, 1986a Otiocerinae Muir, 1917 Otiocerini Muir, 1917 Anotia Kirby, 1821 (Type species Anotia bonnetii Kirby, 1821) = Amalopota Van Duzee, 1889 (Type species Amalopota uhleri Van Duzee 1889); syn. by Fennah 1952: 152. bonnetii Kirby, 1821 [Metcalf 1945: 147] burnetii Fitch, 1856 [Metcalf 1945: 148] caliginosa Ball, 1937 [Metcalf 1945: 148] fitchi (Van Duzee, 1893) [Metcalf 1945: 143] = Amalopota fitchi Van Duzee, 1893: 280. = Anotia fitchi (Van Duzee, 1893); comb, by implication Fennah 1952: 152. kirkaldyi Ball, 1902b [Metcalf 1945: 149] lineata Ball, 1937 [Metcalf 1945: 149] mcateei (Dozier, 1928) [Metcalf 1945: 144] = Amalopota mcateei Dozier, 1928: 141-142. = Anotia mcateei (Dozier, 1928); comb, by implication Fennah 1952: 152. robertsonii Fitch, 1856 [Metcalf 1945: 149] uhleri (Van Duzee, 1889) [Metcalf 1945: 144] = Amalopota uhleri Van Duzee, 1889: 178. = Anotia uhleri (Van Duzee, 1889); comb, by implication Fennah 1952: 152. westwoodii Fitch, 1856 [Metcalf 1945: 150] USA: AZ; Mexico (Sonora) O'Brien 1986a USA: AZ; Mexico (Sonora) O'Brien 1986a USA: CT, FL, GA, IL, KS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, TX; CAN: ON; Mexico Metcalf 1945, Nixon & McPherson 1977, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Bartlett et al. 2011; USA: IL, IN, MS, NC, NY, PA, TX; CAN: ON Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 USA: AZ Metcalf 1945 USA: FL, GA, IL, KS, MO, MS, NC, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN; Cuba; Mexico; Panama USA: DE, IA, IL, KS, MS, NC, OH, PA, VA; CAN: ON Metcalf 1945, Oman 1947, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Wilson et al. 1993, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 USA: AZ USA: IL, MS Metcalf 1945 Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c USA: AR, DE, FL, NC, NJ, OK, PA USA: AL, FL, IL, IN, MN, MO, MS, NC, NY, OH, RI, TN; CAN: ON, QC USA: DC, DE, IL, KS, MD, MO, NC, NJ, NY, OH, PA, TN; CAN: ON Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1945, Moore 1950a, b; Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006, Benton & McCreadie 2009 Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Paiero et al. 2003, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006, Bartlett et al. 2011 Apache Kirkaldy, 1901a (Type species Hynnis rosea Burmeister 1835, jr. syn. of Otiocerus degeerii Kirby 1821). = Hynnis Burmeister, 1835 (Type species Hynnis rosea Burmeister 1835, junior syn. of Otiocerus degeerii Kirby 1821); syn. by Schaum 1850: 70. Continued 154 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES californicum Wilkey, 1963 USA: CA degeerii (Kirby 1821) [Metcalf 1945: 183, Otiocerus ] USA: AL, CT, DE, FL, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, LA, MA, MD, ME, MN, MO, MS, MT, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK,PA, RI, TN, TX, WA, WV; CAN: AB, BC, NS, ON, QC; Cuba Otiocerus Kirby, 1821 (Type species Otiocerus stollii Kirby 1821) = Cob ax Germar, 1821 (Type species Cobax winthemi Germar, 1821, junior syn. of Otiocerus stollii Kirby 1821); syn. by Latreille 1829: 216. abbotii Kirby, 1821 [Metcalf 1945: 171] USA: CT, FL, GA, IL, IN, MN, MO, NC, NY, OH; CAN: ON amyotii Fitch, 1856 [Metcalf 1945: 172] coquebertii Kirby, 1821 [Metcalf 1945: 173] coquebertii var. rubidus Osborn, 1938 [Metcalf 1945: 145] francilloni Kirby, 1821 [Metcalf 1945: 176] kirbyii Fitch, 1851 [Metcalf 1945: 176] reaumurii Kirby, 1821 [Metcalf 1945: 177] stollii Kirby, 1821 [Metcalf 1945: 178] = Otiocerus signoretii Fitch, 1856: 349; new synonymy. wolfii Kirby, 1821 [Metcalf 1945: 180] = Otiocerus wolfei Kirby, 1821: 19; missp. by Maw et al. 2000: 86. USA: CT, DC, GA, IA, IL, KS, MA, NC, NJ, NY, OH, PA; CAN: ON, QC USA: CT, DE, GA, IA, IL, IN, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, TN, TX, WV; CAN: NB, NS, ON, PE, QC USA: OH USA: DE, FL, GA, IL, MS, NJ, NY, OH USA: AL, MD?, MS, NC, NY, TX; CAN: NS, ON USA: DE, GA, IA, NY, OH, TX USA: AR, FL, GA, IA, IL, LA, MD, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, TX; CAN: ON; Brazil? USA: AR, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, KS, MD, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, TN, TX; CAN: ON wolfii var. nubilus McAfee 1926 [Metcalf 1945: 181] USA: IL Wilkey 1965 Strickland 1940, 1953; Metcalf 1945, Proctor 1946, Moore 1950a, b; Nixon & McPherson 1977, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Wilson 1982b, Wheeler & Wilson 1996; Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1945, Moore 1950a, b; Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Paiero et al. 2003 Metcalf 1945, Moore 1950a, b, c; Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b; Paiero et al. 2003, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1945, Moore 1950a, b; Kontkanen 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Wheeler & Wilson 1996, Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1945 Metcalf 1945, Nixon & McPherson 1977, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Maw et al. 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 (Brazil record from Germar 1821 as Cobax winthemi) Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1945 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 155 Sayiana Ball, 1928 (Type species Anotia sayi Ball, 1902b). sayi (Ball, 1902b) [Metcalf 1945: 142, Anotia] USA: AL, AR, FL, IA, IL, MS, NY, TX Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Benton & McCreadie 2009 Shellenius Ball, 1928 (Type species Otiocerus ballii McAtee 1923). ballii (McAtee, 1923) [Metcalf 1945: 185, Otiocerus ] USA: FL, IL, LA, MD, MS, OH, TN; CAN: = Otiocerus balli (McAtee, 1923); missp. by ON Paiero et al. 2003: 123. Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Paiero et al. 2003, Gonzon et al. 2006, Bartlett et al. 2011 schellenbergii (Kirby, 1821) [Metcalf 1945: 185, Otiocerus] USA: AZ, FL, GA, IL, LA, MO, MS, NJ, NY, OH Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Bartlett et al. 2011 Patarini Emeljanov, 1996 Patara Westwood, 1840 (Type species Patara guttata Westwood, 1840). = Petata, missp. by Proctor 1946: 95. albida Westwood, 1840 [Metcalf 1945: 97] USA: FL; Puerto Rico, St. Vincent Metcalf 1945,Caldwell & Martorell 1951, Halbert 2005 vanduzei Ball, 1902b [Metcalf 1945: 98] USA: AL, DE, GA, IL, MD, ME, MO, NC, Metcalf 1945, Proctor 1946, NY, OH, OK, PA, TN; CAN: ON, QB Moore 1950a, b; Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; O'Brien 1982b, Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 Sikaianini Muir, 1917 Mula Ball, 1928 (Type species Mula resonans Ball, 1928). resonans Ball, 1928 [Metcalf 1945: 62] USA: FL, LA, MS Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Sikaiana Distant, 1907b (Type species Sikaiana hyalinata Distant, 1907b) = Iguvium Distant, 1917 (Type species Iguvium albomaculatum Distant 1917); syn. by Muir 1918b: 174, 176. = Euklastus Metcalf, 1923 (Type species Euklastus harti Metcalf 1923); syn. by Fennah 1952: 118. harti (Metcalf, 1923) [Metcalf 1945: 60] = Euklastus harti Metcalf 1923: 195. = Sikaiana harti (Metcalf 1923); comb, by Fennah 1952: 118. USA: DE, IL, GA, MD, MS, NC, OK, TN, TX, WI Metcalf 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Willis 1982, Gonzon et al. 2006, Bartlett et al. 2011 FAMILY DICTYOPHARIDAE Dictyopharinae Spinola, 1839 Nersiini Emeljanov, 1983 (sensu Emeljanov 2011) Mitrops Fennah, 1944a (Type species Eulgora noctivida Linnaeus, 1767). Continued 156 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES dioxys (Walker, 1858) [Metcalf 1946a: 59] Nersia Stal, 1862c (Type species Nersia haedina Stal, 1862c). florens Stal, 1862c [Metcalf 1946a: 55] florida Fennah, 1944a [Metcalf 1946a: 56] Rhynchomitra Fennah, 1944a (Type species Dictyophara microrhina Walker, 1851). lingula (Van Duzee, 1908) [Metcalf 1946a: 64] microrhina (Walker, 1851) [Metcalf 1946a: 65] recurva (Metcalf, 1923) [Metcalf 1946a: 66] USA: FL, KS, MD, MS, NJ, TX; Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Nuevo Leon), Panama, Paraguay Metcalf 1946a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Donovall 2008, Bartlett et al. 2011 USA: AL, AR, FL, GA, IL, KS, LA, MO, MS, NC, OK, SC, TN, TX; Belize, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico (Chiapas, Durango, Hidalgo, Guerrero, Morales, San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatan), Panama, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela Metcalf 1946a, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; 1981a, Donovall 2008, Benton & McCreadie 2009 USA: FL, MS, TX; Mexico (Veracruz) Metcalf 1946a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Donovall 2008 USA: DE, FL, GA, LA, MD, MS, NC, NJ, NY, SC Metcalf 1946a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Lago & Testa 2000, Donovall 2008, Bartlett et al. 2011 USA: AL, AR, DE, FL, GA, IL, KS, LA, Metcalf 1946a, Davis & MD, MO, MS, NC, NE, NJ, NY, OK, PA, Gray 1966, Wilson & SC, TX, VA; Belize McPherson 1980a, b, c; Lago & Testa 2000, Wilson & Wheeler 2005, Donovall 2008, Wilson & Wheeler 2010, Bartlett et al. 2011 USA: FL, LA, NC, SC, TX Metcalf 1946a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Donovall 2008, Wilson & Wheeler 2010 Phylloscelini Emeljanov, 1983 Phylloscelis Germar, 1839 (Type species Phylloscelis pallescens Germar, 1839). atra Germar, 1839 [Metcalf 1946a: 116] = Phylloscelis atra var. albovenosa Melichar 1906: 179; syn. by McPherson & Wilson 1995: 181. = Phylloscelis atra var. ocala Ball 1930: 193; syn. by McPherson & Wilson 1995: 181. USA: AL, AR, CT, DC, FL, GA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, MI, MO, MS, NC, NE, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WV; CAN: ON; Mexico Metcalf 1946a, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Wilson et al. 1993, McPherson & Wilson 1995, Maw et al. 2000, Donovall 2008, Bartlett et al. 2011 pallescens Germar, 1839 [Metcalf 1946a: 118] USA: AR, FL, IA, IL, KS, KY, LA, MA, Metcalf 1946a, Wilson & MD, MI, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, PA, McPherson 1980a, b, TX, VA; CAN: ON; Mexico c; Wilson et al. 1993, McPherson & Wilson 1995, Maw et al. 2000, Donovall 2008, Bartlett et al. 2011 pennata Ball, 1937 [Metcalf 1946a: 119] USA: TX; Mexico (Nuevo Leon) Metcalf 1946a, McPherson & Wilson 1995, Donovall 2008 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 157 rubra Ball, 1930a [Metcalf 1946a: 119] = Phylloscelis rubra var. nigra Ball 1930: 194; syn. by McPherson & Wilson 1995: 182. USA: FL, MS, NC, NJ, NY Metcalf 1946a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Donovall 2008, Bartlett et al. 2011 Scoloptini Emeljanov, 1983 Scolops Schaum, 1850 (Type species Fulgora sulcipes Say 1825) = Omithissus Fowler, 1904 (Type species Ornithissus cockerelli Fowler, 1904); syn. by Kirkaldy 1907c: 248. Subgenus Belonocharis Uhler, 1891 (Type species Belonocharis fumida Uhler, 1891); status (subgenus) Van Duzee 1916a: 78. abnormis Ball, 1902a [Metcalf 1946a: 136] USA: CA, ID, OR, WA; CAN: BC Metcalf 1946a, Maw et al. 2000, Donovall 2008 californicus Lawson & Beamer, 1930 [Metcalf 1946a: 136] USA: AZ, CA, ID, NV Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 fumidus (Uhler, 1891) [Metcalf 1946a: 137, Belonocharis] USA: AZ, CA, ID Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 pallidus Uhler, 1900 [Metcalf 1946a: 137] USA: CA, CO, ID, UT; Mexico (Baja California) Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 pallidus var. punctata Lawson & Beamer, 1930 [Metcalf 1946a: 138] USA: CA, ID Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 Subgenus Scolops Schaum 1850 (Type species Fulgora sulcipes Say 1825). angustatus Uhler, 1876 [Metcalf 1946a: 124 USA: AZ, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, LA, MA, MD, MI, MN, MO, MS, MT, NC, ND, NE, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OK, OR, RI, SD, TN, TX, UT, VA, WA, WI, WY; CAN: AB, BC, MB, ON, SK Metcalf 1946a, Strickland 1953, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Weber & Wilson 1981, Wilson et al. 1993, Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006, Donovall 2008, Bartlett et al. 2011 austrinus Breakey, 1929 [Metcalf 1946a: 125] USA: AZ, OK Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 cockerelli (Fowler, 1904) [Metcalf 1946a: 125] USA: AZ, NM, TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Nuevo Leon) Lawson 1930, Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 excultus Lawson & Beamer, 1930 [Metcalf 1946a: 125] USA: CO, TX Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 flavidus Breakey, 1929 [Metcalf 1946a: 125] USA: CA, OR Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 flavidus var. pellos Breakey, 1929 [Metcalf 1946a: 126] USA: OR Metcalf 1946a graphicus Ball, 1930b [Metcalf 1946a: 126] USA: AZ Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 grossus Uhler, 1876 [Metcalf 1946a: 126] USA: CA, CO, IA, ID, KS, TX; CAN: AB (reported probably in error: USA: NJ, IL) Strickland 1940, 1953; Metcalf 1946a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Maw et al. 2000, Donovall 2008, Bartlett et al. 2011 Continued 158 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES hesperius Uhler, 1872 [Metcalf 1946a: 126] USA: CA, CO, ID, KS, MT, ND, NE, NM, NV, SD, TX, UT; CAN: AB, MB, SK (reported in error: USA: MA) Maw et al. 2000 (AB SK MB); Wilson & McPherson 1980b (MA = Error); Metcalf 1946a, Strickland 1953, Donovall 2008 immanis Breakey, 1929 [Metcalf 1946a: 127] USA: KS, NM, TX Metcalf 1946a luridus Breakey, 1929 [Metcalf 1946a: 127] USA: CO, KS, ND, TX, UT, WY Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 maculosus Ball, 1902a [Metcalf 1946a: 127] USA: A Z, CO, NM, UT Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 neomexicanus Lawson & Beamer, 1930 [Metcalf 1946a: 128] USA: AZ, CO, NM, TX Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 nicholi Ball, 1937 [Metcalf 1946a: 128] USA: AZ Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 osborni Ball, 1902a [Metcalf 1946a: 128] USA: IA, KS, NE (reported probably in error: USA: OH) Metcalf 1946a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Donovall 2008 perdix Uhler, 1900 [Metcalf 1946a: 128] USA: AZ, CO, DC, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, KS, LA, MA, MD, MS, NC, NE, NJ, NY, OH, PA, SC, TN, TX, UT, VA; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Sonora) Metcalf 1946a, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Lago & Testa 2000, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006; Donovall 2008 Bartlett et al. 2011 pruinosus Breakey, 1929 [Metcalf 1946a: 129] USA: CO Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 pungens (Germar, 1830) [Metcalf 1946a: 129, Flata] USA: AL, AR, AZ, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MD, MO, MS, NC, ND, NE, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TX, WI; CAN: MB?, ON, SK?; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Sonora) Bartlett et al. 2011; Weber& Wilson 1981; Maw et al. 2000 (SK? MB?); Wilson et al. 1993 (MO); Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 robustus Ball, 1902a [Metcalf 1946a: 131] USA: AZ, CA, CO, ID, KS, NE, NM, TX, UT (reported in error: Mexico) Lawson 1930, Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 snozvi Breakey, 1929 [Metcalf 1946a: 131] USA: AZ, IL?, UT Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 socorroensis Lawson & Beamer, 1930 [Metcalf 1946a: 132] USA: NM Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 stonei Breakey, 1929 [Metcalf 1946a: 132] USA: FL, GA, MS, NC (reported in error: USA: AZ) Metcalf 1946a, Wilson & McPherson 1980, Donovall 2008 sulcipes (Say, 1825) [Metcalf 1946a: 132, Fulgora] USA: AR, AZ, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, MT, NC, ND, NE, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, TN, TX, UT, VA, VT, WA, WI, WV, WY; CAN: BC, MB, NB, ON, QC, SK Metcalf 1946a, Moore 1950a, b; Kontkanen 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Weber & Wilson 1981, Wilson et al. 1993, Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006, Donovall 2008, Bartlett et al. 2011 tanneri Ball, 1937 [Metcalf 1946a: 134] USA: UT Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 159 texamis Lawson & Beamer, 1930 [Metcalf 1946a: 134] USA: AZ, TX; Mexico (Sonora) Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 uhleri Ball, 1902a [Metcalf 1946a: 134] USA: AZ, CA, CO, ID, NM, NV, UT; Mexico (Baja California) (reported in error: USA: NC) Metcalf 1946a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Donovall 2008 uhleri marginatus Ball, 1930b [Metcalf 1946a: 135] USA: AZ, CO, NV, UT Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 vanduzei Ball, 1902a [Metcalf 1946a: 135] = Scolops vanduzei Ball, 1902a: 150. = Scolops vanduzeei Ball, 1902a; missp. by Metcalf 1946a: 135. USA: CO, IA, KS, NE, NM, TX Metcalf 1946a virescens Ball, 1937 [Metcalf 1946a: 135] USA: AZ Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 virescens var. salsus Ball, 1937 [Metcalf 1946a: 135] USA: AZ Metcalf 1946a viridis Ball, 1902a [Metcalf 1946a: 135] USA: AZ, CA, CO, NM, TX, UT Metcalf 1946a, Donovall 2008 Orgeriinae Fieber, 1872 Orgeriini Fieber, 1872 Acinaca Ball & Hartzell, 1922 (Type species Acinaca lurida Ball & Hartzell, 1922). lurida Ball & Hartzell, 1922 [Metcalf 1946a: 219] USA: AZ, CA, NM Metcalf 1946a, Doering 1955 Aridia Ball & Hartzell, 1922 (Type species Orgerius compressus Ball, 1909). compressa (Ball, 1909) [Metcalf 1946a: 220, Orgerius] USA: CA, NV, UT Metcalf 1946a erecta (Ball, 1909) [Metcalf 1946a: 220, Orgerius] USA: AZ, CA, NV Metcalf 1946a Desert a Ball & Hartzell, 1922 (Type species Orgamara bipunctata Ball, 1909). bipunctata (Ball, 1909) [Metcalf 1946a: 199] = Orgamara bipunctata Ball, 1909: 199-200. = Deserta bipunctata (Ball, 1909); comb, by Ball & Hartzell 1922: 143. USA: CA, UT Metcalf 1946a, Doering 1955, Kuznetsova et al. 2009 fuscata Doering, 1955 USA: CA, NV Doering 1955 obesa (Ball, 1909) [Metcalf 1946a: 199] = Orgamara obesa Ball, 1909: 199. = Deserta obesa (Ball, 1909); comb, by Ball & Hartzell 1922: 143. USA: AZ, UT Metcalf 1946a, Doering 1955 obscura (Ball, 1909) [Metcalf 1946a: 199] = Orgamara obscura Ball, 1909: 200. = Deserta obscura (Ball, 1909); comb, by Ball & Hartzell 1922: 142. USA: CA, ID, NV, UT Metcalf 1946a, Doering 1955 pinturensis Doering, 1955 USA: CA, NV, UT Doering 1955 raptoria Ball, 1937 [Metcalf 1946a: 199] USA: CA Metcalf 1946a, Doering 1955 Orgamara Ball, 1909 (Type species Orgamara acuta Ball, 1909) acuta Ball, 1909 [Metcalf 1946a: 197] USA: CA; Mexico (Baja California) Metcalf 1946a argentia Ball, 1937 [Metcalf 1946a: 198] USA: AZ Metcalf 1946a reducta Ball, 1909 [Metcalf 1946a: 198] USA: CA, NM; Mexico (Baja California) Metcalf 1946a Continued 160 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Orgerius Stal, 1859 (Type species Orgerius rhyparus Stal, 1859). = Ranissus Fieber, 1866a (Type species Ranissus leptopus Fieber, 1866a); syn. by Fieber 1872: 4. Subgenus Orgerius Stal, 1859 bilobatus Doering & Darby, 1943 bucculentus Doering & Darby, 1943 concordus Ball & Hartzell, 1922 [Metcalf 1946a: 209] = Orgerius rhyparus var. concordus Ball & Hartzell, 1922: 145. = Orgerius concordus Ball & Hartzell, 1922; status by Doering & Darby 1943: 64, 80. disgregus Doering & Darby, 1943 glaucus Emeljanov, 2006a junceus Doering & Darby, 1943 pajaronius Ball & Hartzell, 1922 [Metcalf 1946a: 209] = Orgerius rhyparus var. pajaronius Ball & Hartzell, 1922: 145. = Orgerius pajaronius Ball & Hartzell, 1922; status by Doering & Darby 1943: 64, 73. USA: CA USA: CA, OR USA: CA; Mexico (Baja California) USA: CA USA: CA USA: CA USA: CA, OR proprius Doering & Darby, 1943 USA: CA rhyparus Stal, 1859 [Metcalf 1946a: 208] USA: AZ, CA, CO, OR; Mexico (Baja = Orgerius rhyparus var. clitellus Ball & Hartzell, California) 1922: 145; syn. by Doering & Darby 1943: 64. spicatus Doering & Darby, 1943 USA: CA triquetrus Doering & Darby, 1943 USA: AZ, CA Subgenus Opsigonus Emeljanov, 2006a (Type species Orgerius minor Ball, 1909). bicornis Doering & Darby, 1943 USA: CA, UT = Orgerius bicornis Doering & Darby, 1943: 85. = Orgerius ( Opsigonus ) bicornis Doering & Darby, 1943; status by implication Emeljanov 2006a: 76. foliatus Doering & Darby, 1943 USA: AZ, CA, NM, NV = Orgerius foliatus Doering & Darby, 1943: 87. = Orgerius (Opsigonus) foliatus Doering & Darby, 1943; status by implication Emeljanov 2006a: 76. minor Ball, 1909 [Metcalf 1946a: 211] USA: CA, CO, ID, NV, UT = Orgerius minor Ball, 1909: 202. = Orgerius ( Parorgerius ) minor Ball, 1909; comb, by Melichar 1912: 218. = Parorgerius ( Parorgerius ) minor (Ball, 1909); comb, by Metcalf 1946a: 211 (by implication de Bergevin 1924: 258). = Orgerius ( Opsigonus ) minor Ball, 1909; comb, by Emeljanov, 2006a: 76. Doering & Darby 1943 Doering & Darby 1943 Doering & Darby 1943, Metcalf 1946a Doering & Darby 1943 Emeljanov 2006a Doering & Darby 1943 Doering & Darby 1943, Metcalf 1946a Doering & Darby 1943 Doering & Darby 1943, Metcalf 1946a Doering & Darby 1943 Doering & Darby 1943 Doering & Darby 1943 Doering & Darby 1943 Doering & Darby 1943, Metcalf 1946a BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 161 ventosus Ball & Hartzell, 1922 [Metcalf 1946a: 209] USA: CA, NV = Orgerius rhyparus var. ventosus Ball & Hartzell, 1922: 145. = Orgerius ventosus Ball & Hartzell, 1922; status by Doering & Darby 1943: 64, 88. = Orgerius ( Opsigonus ) ventosus Ball & Hartzell, 1922; status by Emeljanov 2006a: 76 (by implication); also Kuznetsova et al. 2009. Ticida Uhler, 1891 (Type species Ticida cingulatn Uhler, 1891). = Loxophora Van Duzee, 1908 (Type species Loxophora transversa Van Duzee, 1908); syn. by Emeljanov 2006a: 73. Subgenus Heicophora Emeljanov, 2006a (type species Loxophora dammersi Van Duzee, 1934). dammersi (Van Duzee, 1934) [Metcalf 1946a: 224] USA: CA, NV, Mexico (Baja California) = Loxophora dammersi Van Duzee, 1934:191. = Ticida (Heicophora) dammersi (Van Duzee, 1934); comb, by Emeljanov 2006a: 74. Subgenus Ticida Uhler, 1891 (Type species Ticida cingulata Uhler, 1891). cingulata Uhler, 1891 [Metcalf 1946a: 223] USA: CA, CO, NV, UT transversa (Van Duzee, 1908) [Metcalf 1946a: 224] USA: AZ, CA, NV, UT; Mexico (Baja = Loxophora transversa Van Duzee, 1908: 473. California) = Ticida (Ticida) transversa (Van Duzee 1908); comb, by Emeljanov 2006a: 73. Subgenus Timodema Ball, 1909 (Type species Timodema miracula Ball, 1909); status (subgenus) by Emeljanov 2006a: 74. miracula Ball, 1909 [Metcalf 1946a: 221] = Timodema miracula Ball, 1909: 201. = Ticida (Timodema) miracula Ball, 1909; revised status by Emeljanov 2006a: 74. rakitovi Emeljanov, 2006a subapplanta Emeljanov, 2006a Ticrania Emeljanov, 2006a (Type species Ticida chamberlini Van Duzee, 1923). chamberlini (Van Duzee, 1923) [Metcalf 1946a: 223] = Ticida chamberlini Van Duzee, 1923: 187. = Ticrania chamberlini (Van Duzee, 1923); comb, by Emeljanov 2006a: 73. Timonidia Ball & Hartzell, 1922 (Type species Timonidia solitaria Ball & Hartzell, 1922). USA: AZ, CA; Mexico (Baja California) USA: CA; Mexico (Baja California) USA: AZ, NV USA: CA; Mexico (Baja California, Angel de la Guarda Island) nodosa (Ball, 1937) [Metcalf 1946a: 220] USA: AZ = Aridia nodosa Ball, 1937: 176. = Timonidia nodosa (Ball, 1937); comb, by Emeljanov 2006a: 76. solitaria Ball & Hartzell, 1922 [Metcalf 1946a: 226] USA: CA Yucanda Ball & Hartzell, 1922 (Type species Orgamara albida Ball 1909). albida (Ball, 1909) [Metcalf 1946a: 200, Orgamara] USA: CA, NV; Mexico (Baja California) miniata Ball, 1937 [Metcalf 1946a: 200] USA: AZ ornata Ball, 1937 [Metcalf 1946a: 200] USA: AZ Doering & Darby 1943, Metcalf 1946a Van Duzee 1934, Metcalf 1946a Metcalf 1946a, Emeljanov 2006a Metcalf 1946a, Emeljanov 2006a Metcalf 1946a Emeljanov 2006a Emeljanov 2006a Metcalf 1946a, Emeljanov 2006a Metcalf 1946a Metcalf 1946a Metcalf 1946a Metcalf 1946a Metcalf 1946a Continued 162 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES FAMILY FLATIDAE Flatinae Spinola, 1839 Flatini Spinola, 1839 Hesperophantia Kirkaldy, 1904b (Type species Poeciloptera caudata Stal, 1862c) (replacement name for unavailable Carthaea Stal, 1862c) = Carthaea Stal, 1862c (nec Walker 1858) (Type species Poeciloptera caudata Stal, 1862c); syn. by Kirkaldy 1904b: 279. = Carthaeella Strand, 1928 (Type species Poeciloptera caudata Stal, 1862c) (replacement name for unavailable Carthaea Stal, 1862c); syn. by Neave 1939: 593. ricanioides (Spinola, 1839) [Metcalf 1957: 228] Mexico (reported in error: USA: CA) = Poeciloptera ricanioides Spinola, 1839: 442. = Carthaea ricanioides (Spinola, 1839): comb, by Van Duzee 1916a: 82. = Hesperophantia ricanioides (Spinola, 1839): comb, by Metcalf 1957: 228. Metcalf 1957 (Spinola 1839 reports this species from northern Mexico or California, but this species not since verified from California) Nephesini Melichar, 1923 Antillormenis Fennah, 1942 (Type species Ormenis contaminata Uhler, 1895). contaminata (Uhler, 1895) [Metcalf 1957: 313, Cuba, Jamaica, St. Vincent; Mexico Ormenis ] (Reported in error from USA: AZ, CA, TX) Flatormenis Melichar, 1923 (Type species Ormenis squamulosa Fowler, 1900). inferior (Fowler, 1900) [Metcalf 1957: 304] USA: TX; Mexico (Morelos, Tabasco, = Ormenis inferior Fowler, 1900: 58. Veracruz); Costa Rica = Anormenis inferior (Fowler, 1900); comb, by Melichar 1923: 69. = Flatormenis inferior (Fowler, 1900); comb, by Medler 1993: 439. Metcalf 1957 Metcalf 1957, Medler 1993 proximo (Walker, 1851) [Metcalf 1957: 296] = Poeciloptera proximo Walker, 1851: 459. = Ormenis proximo (Walker, 1851); comb, by Stal 1862: 490. = Ormenis chloris Melichar, 1902: 89. = Anormenis chloris (Melichar, 1902); comb, by Melichar 1923: 69; see also O'Brien 1985: 660. = Anormenis septentrionalis auct. (nec Spinola, 1839); syn. by O'Brien 1985: 657-660. = Flatormenis chloris (Melichar, 1902); comb, by Medler 2003: 593 (from Anormenis Melichar 1923). = Flatormenis chloris (Melichar, 1902); new synonymy. = Flatormenis proximo (Walker, 1851); new combination saucia (Van Duzee, 1912a) [Metcalf 1957: 297] = Ormenis saucia Van Duzee, 1912a: 498. = Flatormenis saucia (Van Duzee, 1912a); new combination. = Ormenis yumana Ball, 1933b: 148; new synonymy. USA: AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MA, LA, MD, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA; CAN: ON, QC USA: AZ, CA, NM, NV, TX, UT Metcalf 1957, Kontkanen 1958, Bickley & Seek 1975, Nixon & McPherson 1977, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Weber & Wilson 1981; O'Brien 1985, Wilson & Lucchi 2001, Medler 2003, Paiero et al. 2003, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1957, Ward et al. 1977 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 163 squamulosa (Fowler, 1900) [Metcalf 1957: 318] = Ormenis squamulosa Fowler, 1900: 57. = Flatormenis squamulosa (Fowler, 1900); comb, by Melichar 1923: 71. Ketumala Distant, 1906a (Type species Seliza bisecta Kirby, 1891). bisecta (Kirby, 1891) [Metcalf 1957: 437, Seliza] = Melormenis conformis (Melichar 1902); comb, by Metcalf 1957: 332. = Ormenis conformis Melichar, 1902: 73; syn. by Medler 2003: 594. Leptonnenis Melichar, 1923 (Type species Flata relicta Fabricius 1803). relicta (Fabricius, 1803) [Metcalf 1957: 277, Flata] infuscata (Stal, 1864) [Metcalf 1957: 332] = Ormenis infuscata Stal, 1864: 55. = Melormenis infuscata (Stal, 1864); comb, by Metcalf 1957: 332. USA: TX; Mexico (Guerrero, Morelos, Yucatan); Guatemala, Trinidad Sri Lanka, India (reported in error USA: NM) Venezuela (reported in error: USA: "Carolina") USA: FL, HI (adventive); Puerto Rico (Inc. Vieques Island, Mona Island, Caja de Muertos), Leeward Islands (Anguilla, Antigua, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Bartholomew, St. Kitts), Virgin Islands (St. Thomas, St. Croix, Jost Van Dyke, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); (reported in error: India) USA: AZ, CA; Mexico, Puerto Rico (record from Bermuda appears to be error) Melormenis Metcalf, 1938 (Type species Cicada quadripunctata Fabricius 1794 (nec De Villers 1789), replaced by Ormenis antillarum Kirkaldy, 1909). basalis (Walker, 1851) (nec Caldwell 1951) [Metcalf 1957: 440] = Flatoides basalis Walker, 1851: 419. = Ormenis antillarum Kirkaldy, 1909: 32; replacement name for unavailable Cicada quadripunctata Fabricius 1794 (nec De Villers 1789). = Ormenis quadripunctata (Fabricius 1794); comb, by Stal 1869: 110. = Anaya (?) basalis (Walker, 1851); comb, by Melichar, 1923: 66. = Melormenis quadripunctata (Fabricius 1794); comb, by Metcalf 1938: 395. = Melormenis antillarum (Kirkaldy, 1909); comb, by Ramos 1947. = Melormenis antillarum (Kirkaldy, 1909); syn. by Fennah 1965a: 107. = Melormenis basalis (Walker, 1851); comb, by Fennah 1965a: 107. Metcalfa Caldwell, 1951 (In Caldwell & Martorell 1951) (Type species Flata pruinosa Say, 1830). Metcalf 1957 Metcalf 1957, Medler 2003 (Note Medler 2003 reported the type specimen of Ormenis conformis as being from "Trincomalie, Ceylon" at the Natural History Museum of Geneva, Switzerland) Metcalf 1957, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Ramos 1947, Wolcott 1950, Metcalf 1957, Fennah 1965a, Miskimen & Bond 1970, Miyahira & Nakahara 1981, Medler 1990, Asche 1997, Bartlett 2000, Wilson 2005 Note: This species confused by homonymy with Melormenis basalis Caldwell, 1951 (in Caldwell & Martorell 1951) nec Walker (see Fennah 1965a: 107). Records for Virgin Islands — Guana, Tortola, Virgin Gorda, Great Camanoe, St. John — were intended to refer to Melormenis basalis Caldwell & Martorell 1951 = Capistra basalis (Caldwell & Martorell 1951). Wolcott 1950, Metcalf 1957, Wilson & Hilburn 1991, Medler 1993 Continued 164 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES pruinosa (Say, 1830) [Metcalf 1957: 343] = Flata pruinosa Say, 1830: 23 7. = Poeciloptera pruinosa (Say, 1830); comb, by Schaum 1850: 72. = Ormenis pruinosa (Say, 1830); comb, by Glover 1877: 28. = Melormenis pruinosa (Say, 1830); comb, by Metcalf 1938: 395. = Metcalf a pruinosa (Say, 1830); comb, by Caldwell & Martorell 1951: 268. USA: AL, AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, NE, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, TN, TX, VA, VT, WI, WV; CAN: NB, ON, QC; Bermuda Doubtful records: Brazil, Cuba; Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Mexico Palearctic (adventive): Italy (inc Sicily, Sardini), Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Corsica, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey Ormenaria Fennah, 1947 (Type species Poeciloptera rufifascia Walker, 1851). barberi (Van Duzee, 1912a) [Metcalf 1957: 290] = Ormenis barberi Van Duzee, 1912a: 498. = Ormenaria barberi (Van Duzee, 1912a); new combination. rufifascia (Walker, 1851) [Metcalf 1957: 352, Poeciloptera] USA: AZ USA: FL, GA; Cuba (including Isla de la Juventud as Isle of Pines), Jamaica Ormenoides Melichar, 1923 (Type species Ormenis distincta Melichar, 1902). venusta (Melichar, 1902) [Metcalf 1957: 328] USA: AL, DC, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, KY, LA, = Ormenis venusta Melichar, 1902: 67. MD, MO, MS, NC, NJ, OH, OK, PA, SC, = Ormenis pauperata Melichar, 1902: 67. TN, TX, VA; CAN: ON = Ormenoides venusta (Melichar, 1902); comb, by Metcalf 1957: 328. = Ormenoides pauperata (Melichar, 1902); comb, by Metcalf 1957: 328. = Ormenoides pauperata (Melichar, 1902); new synonymy. Selizini Melichar, 1923 Cyarda Walker, 1858 (Type species Cyarda difformis Walker, 1858). = Gelastophantia Kirkaldy, 1904b: replacement name for Cyarda Stal, 1866 (Type species Poekilloptera acuminipennis Spinola, 1839); syn. by Schulze et al. 1929: 1351. acuminipennis (Spinola, 1839) [Metcalf 1957: 425] USA: FL; Dominican Republic, Haiti, = Poeciloptera iniquipennis Walker, 1858: 107: Jamaica, Cuba syn. by Fennah 1965a: 112. Moore 1950a, b; Wolcott 1950, Metcalf 1957, Ward et al. 1977, Nixon & McPherson 1977, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c, 1981c; Dlabola 1981, Weber & Wilson 1981, della Giustina 1986, Wilson & Hilburn 1991, Maw et al. 2000, Lago & Testa 2000, Wilson & Lucchi 2001, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006, Gnezdilov & Sugonyaev 2009, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Lee & Wilson 2010, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1957 Metcalf 1957, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Tsai & Mead 1982, Wilson & Tsai 1984, Wilson 1988 Metcalf 1957, Nixon & McPherson 1977, Weber & Wilson 1981, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Wilson & Lucchi 2001, Paiero et al. 2003, Bartlett & Bowman 2004, Gonzon et al. 2006, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1957, Fennah 1965a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 165 nelichari Van Duzee, 1907 [Metcalf 1957: 428] USA: DC, FL, IL, MS, NC, SC; Cuba (Inc. Isle of Pines), Jamaica sordida Fennah, 1965a USA: FL; Belize = sp. nr. acutissima Metcalf & Bruner, 1948: 101. sensu Wheeler & Hoebeke 1982; see Fennah 1965a: 115. walken Metcalf, 1923 [Metcalf 1957: 429] Jamaica (reported in error: Cuba, "Eastern United States") Metcalf 1957, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Wheeler & Hoebeke 1982, La go & Testa 2000, Bartlett et al. 2011 (species identity in doubt all records require confirmation) Metcalf 1957, Fennah 1965a, Wheeler & Hoebeke 1 982 Metcalf 1923, 1957; Fennah 1965a Misthamophantia Kirkaldy, 1907b (Type species Mistharnophantia sonorana Kirkaldy, 1907b). = Rhynchopteryx Van Duzee, 1914 (Type species Rhynchopteryx cciudata Van Duzee, 1914); syn. by Doering & Shepherd 1946: 112. acuta Doering & Shepherd, 1946 [Metcalf 1957: 416] ajoensia Doering & Shepherd, 1946 [Metcalf 1957: 416] angusta Doering & Shepherd, 1946 [Metcalf 1957: 417] extensa Doering & Shepherd, 1946 [Metcalf 1957: 417] s ima Doering & Shepherd, 1946 [Metcalf 1957: 417] sonorana Kirkaldy, 1907b [Metcalf 1957: 417] = Rhynchopteryx caudata Van Duzee, 1914: 43; syn. by Doering & Shepherd 1946: 111. USA: NM, NV?, TX, UT; Mexico (Baja California, Sinaloa) USA: AZ USA: NM, TX Doering & Shepherd 1946, Metcalf 1957 Doering & Shepherd 1946, Metcalf 1957 Doering & Shepherd 1946, Metcalf 1957 USA: AZ, NM, TX; Mexico (Sonora, as Kino Bay) USA: AZ, CA, TX, UT; Mexico (Nuevo Leon) USA: AZ, CA, FL, NM, TX; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Angel de la Guarda Island, Cerralvo [Jacques Costeau] Island, San Jose Island, San Francisco Island, San Esteban Island, Monserrate Island, Carmen Island, San Marcos Island, Tiburon Island) Doering & Shepherd 1946, Metcalf 1957 Doering & Shepherd 1946, Metcalf 1957 Doering & Shepherd 1946, Metcalf 1957, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Paradascalia Metcalf, 1923 (Type species Cicada grisea Fabricius, 1775). edax Van Duzee, 1923 [Metcalf 1957: 446] USA: CA; Mexico (Baja California, Metcalf 1957 San Marcos Is., Coronados Island, Monserrate Island, San Diego Island, Carmen Island, Tiburon Island, San Francisco Island, San Jose Island, Cerralvo [Jacques Costeau] Island, Angel de la Guarda Island, San Lorenzo Island, Espiritu Santo Island) Continued 166 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Siphantini Melichar, 1923 Siphanta Stal, 1862c (Type species Poeciloptera acuta Walker, 1851). = Phalainesthes Kirkaldy, 1899 (Type species Phalainesthes schauinslandi Kirkaldy, 1899); syn. by Kirkaldy 1902: 117. = Lombokia Distant, 1910a (Type species Lombokia everetti Distant, 1910a); syn. by Fletcher 1985: 3. = Siphantoides Distant, 1910b (Type species Siphantoides conspicua Distant, 1910b); syn. by Fletcher 1985: 3. = Parasalumis Distant, 1910b (Type species Poeciloptera roseicincta Walker, 1862); syn. by Fletcher 1985: 3. acuta (Walker, 1851) [Metcalf 1957: 233, Poeciloptera] Flatoidinae Melichar, 1901 Flatoidini Melichar, 1901 Flataloides Metcalf, 1938 (Type species Elidiptera obliqua Metcalf 1938). scabrosa (Melichar, 1902) [Metcalf 1957: 535] = Flatoide s scabrosus Melichar, 1902: 220. = Flatoidinus scabrosus (Melichar, 1902); comb, by Melichar 1923: 117. = Flataloides scabrosa (Melichar, 1902); comb, by Medler, 1993: 443. signata (Melichar, 1902) [Metcalf 1957: 536] = Flatoides signatus Melichar, 1902: 219. = Flatoidinus signatus (Melichar, 1902); comb, by Melichar 1923: 117. = Flataloides signata (Melichar, 1902); new combination. Flatoides Guerin-Meneville, 1844 (Type species Flatoides tortrix Guerin-Meneville, 1844). enota Van Duzee, 1923 [Metcalf 1957: 505] = Flatoides enotus Van Duzee, 1923: 197. = Flatoides enota Van Duzee, 1923; emendation by Metcalf 1957: 505. Flatoidinus Melichar, 1923 (Type species Poeciloptera conviva Stal, 1862c). acutus (Uhler, 1901) [Metcalf 1957: 528] = Dascalia acuta Uhler, 1901: 515. = Flatoides acuta (Uhler, 1901); comb, by Van Duzee 1909: 193. = Flatoides acutus (Uhler, 1901); emendation by Van Duzee 1917b: 756. = Flatoidinus acutus var. acutus (Uhler, 1901); comb, and status by implication Metcalf & Bruner 1948: 115. occidentis (Walker, 1851) [Metcalf 1957: 532] USA: CA, HI, UT (adventive); Australia, New Zealand USA: FL, GA, NC, TX; Brazil (reported in error: USA: AL) USA: TX; "Eastern United States" USA: AZ, NM; Mexico (Baja California Sur, Mexico, San Esteban Island) Bahamas (South Bimini Island), Cayman Islands, Cuba (Inc. Isle of Pines), Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico (Reported in error USA: FL, GA) "North America"; Honduras, Panama (North America record in error) Metcalf 1957, Fletcher 1985, Asche 1997, Wilson 2005 Metcalf 1957, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Medler 1993 Metcalf 1957 Metcalf 1957 Metcalf 1957, Wilson & McPherson 1980b Metcalf 1957, Medler 1990 (Medler 1990 recorded that the type annotated "W. Coast/of Am") BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 167 punctatus (Walker, 1851) [Metcalf 1957: 533] USA: FL, GA; Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, = Elidiptera punctata Walker, 1851: 332. Puerto Rico (Inc. Mona Island) = Cyarda punctata (Walker, 1851); comb, by Stal 1862: 490. = Dascalia punctata (Walker, 1851); comb, by Uhler, 1884: 238. = Flatoides punctata (Walker, 1851); comb, by Van Duzee, 1909: 193. = Flatoides concisus Metcalf, 1923: 192. = Flatoidinus maculosus Metcalf, 1923:191. = Flatoidinus punctatus (Walker, 1851); comb, by Bruner et al. 1945: 14, 67. = Flatoidinus acutus var. maculosus Metcalf, 1923; status by Metcalf & Bruner 1948: 116. = Flatoides concisa Metcalf, 1923; emendation by Metcalf 1957: 503. = Flatoidinus acutus var. maculosus Metcalf, 1923; new synonymy. = Flatoides concisus Metcalf, 1923; new synonymy. Metcracis Medler, 1993 (Type species Elidiptera humeralis Walker, 1858). Wolcott 1950, Metcalf 1957, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Medler 1990 (Medler 1990 recorded that the type of punctata annotated "N. Amer.") fusca (Van Duzee, 1908) [Metcalf 1957: 531] = Flatoides fuscus Van Duzee, 1908: 497. = Flatoidinus fuscus (Van Duzee, 1908); comb, by Melichar 1923: 117. = Flatoides fecalfuscus Caldwell, 1938b: 306. = Flatoides fecalfusca Caldwell, 1938b; emendation by Metcalf 1957: 505. = Metcracis fusca (Van Duzee, 1908); new combination. = Flatoides fecalfusca Caldwell, 1938b; new synonymy. Pseudoflatoides Metcalf, 1938 (Type species Plata (Phalaenomorpha) tortrix Guerin-Meneville, 1856). insularis Melichar, 1902 [Metcalf 1957: 541] = Flatoides insularis Melichar, 1902: 209. = Pseudoflatoides tortrix insularis (Melichar, 1902); comb, by Metcalf & Bruner 1949: 111. = Pseudoflatoides insularis (Melichar, 1902); comb, by Medler 1994: 222. tortrix (Guerin-Meneville, 1856) [Metcalf 1957: 540, Plata] = Pseudoflatoides tortrix var. tortrix (Guerin- Meneville, 1856); comb, by Metcalf 1938: 401. = Flatoides torttix (Guerin-Meneville, 1856); missp. by Wolcott, 1950: 138. FAMILY FULGORIDAE USA: AZ, CA, TX; Mexico (Baja California Caldwell 1938b, Metcalf Sur) (reported in error: USA: CO) 1957, Ward et al. 1977 "Eastern United States"; Cuba; West Metcalf 1957, Medler 1994 Indies (US record evidently in error) "Eastern United States"; Cuba, Wolcott 1950, Metcalf 1957 Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; West Indies (See also Medler 1986: (US record evidently in error) 14— note on type) Amyclinae Metcalf, 1938 Amyclini Metcalf, 1938 Amycle Stal, 1861a (Type species Fulgora ( Episcius ?) amabilis Westwood, 1842). pinyonae Knull & Knull, 1947 USA: AZ, CA, NM Knull & Knull 1947, O'Brien 1988b Continued 168 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES saxatilis Van Duzee, 1914 [Metcalf 1947: 102] tumacacoriae Knull & Knull, 1947 vernalis Manee, 1910 [Metcalf 1947: 103] USA: CA USA: AR, AZ, OK, TX USA: AL, FL, GA, LA, NC, SC, TX Rhabdocephala Van Duzee, 1929a (Type species Rhabdocephala brunnea Van Duzee, 1929a). brunnea Van Duzee, 1929a [Metcalf 1947: 106] USA: AZ, TX; Mexico (Sonora) Scolopsella Ball, 1905 (Type species Scolopsella reticulata Ball, 1905). reticulata Ball, 1905 [Metcalf 1947: 106] USA: AZ, CA; Mexico (Baja California Sur, Gulf of California: Carman Island, Cerralvo [Jacques Cousteau] Island, San Marcos Island, Tiburon Island; Sonora) Poiocerinae Haupt, 1929 Poiocerini Haupt, 1929 Calyptoproctina Metcalf, 1938 Alphina Stal, 1863 (Type species Alphina nigrosignata Stal, 1863). (Generic placement in doubt.) glauca (Metcalf, 1923) [Metcalf 1947: 78] USA: AZ, TX (reported probably in error: = Crepusia glauca Metcalf, 1923: 173. USA: MS, NC, TN) = Alphina glauca (Metcalf, 1923); comb, by Metcalf 1938: 348-349. Calyptoproctus Spinola, 1839 (Type species Fulgora elegans Olivier, 1788). marmoratus Spinola, 1839 (Generic placement in USA: AL, AZ, FL, GA, MS, NC, NM, OK, doubt) [Metcalf 1947: 69] SC, TN, TX, UT, VA = Crepusia glauca Metcalf, 1923: 173; syn. by Ball 1933b:' 145 (error?). = Alphina glauca auctt. Cyrpoptus Stal, 1862a (Type species Cyrpoptus suavis Stal, 1862). = Pelidnopepla Stal, 1869a (Type species Lystra obscura Fabricius, 1803); syn. by O'Brien 1985: 661. = Tomintus Stal, 1864a (Type species Calyptoproctus pudicus Stal, 1861a); syn. by O'Brien 1985: 661. belfragei Stal, 1 869 [Metcalf 1947: 74] USA: AL, DE, FL, GA, IL, KS, LA, MD, MO, MS, MT?, NC, OH, OK, SC, TN, TX, VA; Belize, Costa Rica?, Cuba?, Mexico (Campeche, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosi, Yucatan); Honduras Metcalf 1947, Knull & Knull 1947, O'Brien 1988b, Wilson & Wheeler 2005 Knull & Knull, 1947, O'Brien 1988b Metcalf 1947, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, O'Brien 1988b, Wilson & Wheeler 2005, 2010 Metcalf 1947, O'Brien 1988b, Wilson & Wheeler 1992 Metcalf 1947, O'Brien 1986a, 1988b Metcalf 1923, 1947, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Gonzon et al. 2006 Metcalf 1947, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Hoffman 1994, Gonzon et al. 2006 Metcalf 1947, Kramer 1978; Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Wilson et al. 1993, Wilson & Wheeler 2005, 2010; Bartlett et al. 2011 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 169 metcalfi Ball, 1933b [Metcalf 1947: 75] pudicus (Stal, 1861a) [Metcalf 1947: 72] = Calyptoproctus pudicus Stal, 1861a: 149. = Tomintus pudicus (Stal, 1861a); comb, by Stal 1864a: 49. = Cyrpoptus nubeculosus Stal, 1869b: 240: syn. by O'Brien 1985: 661. = Cyrpoptus pudicus (Stal, 1861a); comb, by O'Brien 1985: 661. reineckei Van Duzee, 1909 [Metcalf 1947: 76] vanduzeei Ball, 1933b [Metcalf 1947: 76] Poiocerina Haupt, 1929 Alamasa Distant, 1906b (Type species Poiocera lepida Spinola, 1839). lepida (Spinola, 1839) [Metcalf 1947: 45, Poiocera] = Poblicia tricolor (Gerstaecker, 1860); syn. by O'Brien 1985: 660. = Poblicia atomaria (Walker, 1858); syn. by O'Brien 1985: 660. Itzalana Distant, 1905 (Type species Itzalana formosa Distant, 1905). submaculata Schmidt, 1905 [Metcalf 1947: 52] Poblicia Stal, 1866 (Type species Poeocera misella Stal, 1863). fuliginosa (Olivier, 1791) [Metcalf 1947: 62, Fulgora] USA: AZ, GA, IL, KS, LA, MD, MO, MT, MS, NC, NM, OH, OK, SC, TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Morelos, Nuevo Leon) texana Oman, 1936 [Metcalf 1947: 65] USA: AR, TX FAMILY ISSIDAE Issinae Spinola, 1839 Colpopterini Gnezdilov, 2003b Colpoptera Burmeister, 1835 (Type species Colpoptera sinuata Burmeister, 1835). = Hesperophara Kirkaldy, 1904b (Type species Flata rustica Fabricius, 1803); replacement name for unavailable Leptophara Stal, 1869; syn. by Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2008: 21. = Leptophara Stal, 1869 (nec. Billberg 1820) (Type species Flata rustica Fabricius, 1803); syn. by Kirkaldy 1904b: 279. sp. [species undetermined] USA: FL (adventive) Issini Spinola, 1839 Subtribe Agalmatiina Gnezdilov, 2002 USA: AZ, CA, NV; Belize, Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Jalisco, Sinaloa, Sonora) USA: AZ, TX; Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Michoacan, Morales, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Puebla, San Luis Potosf, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Yucatan), Brazil?, Costa Rica, Honduras USA: AL, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC, TX USA: AZ, NM, TX; Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Sinaloa) USA: TX; Mexico (Nuevo Leon), Guatemala, Brazil? USA: TX; Mexico (Chiapas, Morelos, San Luis Potosi); Honduras, Nicaragua, Surinam Metcalf 1947, Kramer 1978 Metcalf 1947, Kramer 1978, O'Brien 1985 Metcalf 1947, Kramer 1978, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wilson & Wheeler 2005 Metcalf 1947, Ward et al. 1977, Kramer 1978 Metcalf 1947, O'Brien 1985 Metcalf 1947, Wilson & O'Brien 1986 Metcalf 1947, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Bartlett et al. 2011 Metcalf 1947 Halbert 2010 Continued 170 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Agalmatium Emeljanov, 1971 (Type species Cercopis grylloides Fabricius, 1794; jr. syn. of Fulgora flavescens Olivier, 1791). bilobum (Fieber, 1877) [Metcalf 1958: 229] = Hysteropterum bilobum Fieber, 1877: 16. = Agalmatium bilobum (Fieber, 1877); comb, by implication Emeljanov 1971: 353. = Hysteropterum angustum Melichar, 1906: 130; syn. by Dlabola 1980: 234. = Hysteropterum dubium Melichar, 1906: 131; syn. by Dlabola 1984: 29. = Hysteropterum inconspicuum Matsumura, 1910: 27; syn. by Dlabola 1984: 29. = Hysteropterum severini Caldwell & DeLong, 1948: 176; syn. by Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006a: 51. = Hysteropterum beameri Doering, 1958: 101; syn. with H. severini Caldwell & Delong, 1948 by O'Brien 1988a: 868; syn. with A. bilobum by Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006a: 51. USA: CA (adventive); Bulgaria, France, Metcalf 1958, Doering 1958, Georgia, Greece, Israel, Italy (inc. O'Brien 1988a, Gnezdilov Sardinia and Sicily), Lebanon, & O'Brien 2006a Palestine, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Krasnodar territory), Spain (Inc. Canary Islands), Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine (inc. Crimea) Subtribe Hysteropterina Melichar, 1906 Abolloptera Gnezdilov & O'Brien, 2006b (Type species Hysteropterum bistriatum Caldwell, 1945). bistriata (Caldwell, 1945) [Metcalf 1958: 230] = Hysteropterum bistriatum Caldwell, 1945: 100. = Abolloptera bistriata (Caldwell, 1945); comb, by Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006b: 223. Balduza Gnezdilov & O'Brien, 2006b (Type species Hysteropterum unum Ball, 1910) . bufo (Van Duzee, 1923) [Metcalf 1958: 230] = Hysteropterum bufo Van Duzee, 1923: 192. = Kathleenum bufo (Van Duzee, 1923); comb, by Gnezdilov, 2004: 2. = Balduza bufo (Van Duzee, 1923); comb, by Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006b: 221. USA: TX; Mexico (Nuevo Leon) USA: AZ; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora; Cerralvo [Jacques Cousteau] Island, Tiburon Island) una (Ball, 1910) [Metcalf 1958: 286] USA: AZ, CA, CO, NM, NV, TX; Mexico = Hysteropterum unum Ball, 1910: 43. (Durango, Nuevo Leon) = Balduza una (Ball, 1910); comb, by Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006b: 221. Caldwell 1945, Metcalf 1958, O'Brien 1988a, Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006b Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958, Gnezdilov 2004, Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006b, Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958, Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006b Exortus Gnezdilov, 2004 (Type species Hysteropterum punctiferum Walker, 1851) punctiferus (Walker, 1851) [Metcalf 1958: 273] = Hysteropterum punctiferum Walker, 1851: 376. = Exortus punctiferus (Walker, 1851); comb, by Gnezdilov 2004: 2. USA: FL, GA, TX (reported in error: USA: NJ, CO) Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Gnezdilov 2004, Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006b, Bartlett et al. 2011 fuscomaculosus (Doering, 1938) [Metcalf 1958: 254] USA: FL = Hysteropterum fuscomaculosum Doering, 1938. = Exortus fuscomaculosus (Doering, 1938); comb, by Gnezdilov 2004: 2. Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Gnezdilov 2004, Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006b Kathleenum Gnezdilov, 2004 (Type species Hysteropterum cornutum Melichar, 1906). BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 171 cornutum (Melichar, 1906) [Metcalf 1958: 233] USA: AZ, CA, CO, ID, NM, NV, TX, UT; = Hysteropterum cornutum Melichar, 1906: 147. Mexico (Baja California) = Hysteropterum cornutum var. cornutum Melichar, 1906; status by Ball, 1935a: 38. = Kathleenum cornutum (Melichar, 1906); comb. Gnezdilov, 2004: 2. Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958, Gnezdilov 2004, Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006b cornutum var. utahnum (Ball, 1935a) [Metcalf 1958: 234] = Hysteropterum cornutum var. utahnum Ball, 1935a: 38. = Kathleenum cornutum var. utahnum Ball, 1935a; comb, by Gnezdilov, 2004: 2. s epulcrale (Ball, 1935a) [Metcalf 1958: 282] = Hysteropterum sepulcralis Ball, 1935a: 37. = Hysteropterum sepulchralis [sic] Ball, 1935a; missp. by Doering 1938: 492; Caldwell 1945: 100. = Kathleenum sepulcralis (Ball, 1935a); comb, by Gnezdilov, 2004: 2. = Kathleenum sepulchrale [sic] (Ball, 1935a); emendation by Gnezdilov & O'Brien, 2006b: 220, 224. USA: AZ, CA, CO, NM, TX, UT Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958, Gnezdilov 2004 USA: AZ, NM, TX, WY; Mexico (Coahuila, Ball 1935a, Doering 1938, Hidalgo) Caldwell 1945, Metcalf 1958, Gnezdilov 2004, Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006b Paralixes Caldwell, 1945 (Type species Issus scutatus Walker, 1858) = Ulixes ( Paralixes ) Caldwell, 1945 (subgenus of Ulixes Stal, 1861a) (Type species for genus Issus marmoreus Stal, 1861a); Status revised by Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006b: 224. scutatus (Walker, 1858) [Metcalf 1958: 407] USA: AZ, TX; Mexico, Guatemala = Issus scutatus Walker, 1858: 44. = Ulixes (Paralixes) scutatus (Walker, 1858); comb, by Caldwell 1945: 108. = Paralixes scutatus (Walker, 1858); status by Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006b: 224. Doering 1938, Caldwell 1945, Metcalf 1958, Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006b Stilbometopius Gnezdilov & O'Brien, 2006b (Type species Issus auroreus Uhler, 1876). auroreus (Uhler, 1876) [Metcalf 1958: 228] = Issus auroreus Uhler 1876: 352. = Hysteropterum auroreum (Uhler, 1876); comb, by Melichar 1906: 148. = Stilbometopius auroreus (Uhler, 1876); comb, by Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006b: 222. Traxus Metcalf, 1923 (Type species Traxus fulvus Metcalf, 1923). fulvus Metcalf, 1923 [Metcalf 1958: 214] USA: TX; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas) Doering 1938, Caldwell 1945, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006b USA: TX; Mexico (Hidalgo, Tamaulipas) Doering 1938, Caldwell 1945, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006b Tylanira Ball, 1936 (Type species Tylanira bifurca Ball, 1936). bifurca Ball, 1936 [Metcalf 1958: 408] USA: AZ, TX; Mexico (Coahuila) = Tylanira bifurcata [sic] Ball, 1936: 155; missp. by Caldwell 1945: 106. Ball 1936, Metcalf 1958, Ward et al. 1977, Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006b Continued 172 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES ustulata (Uhler, 1876) [Metcalf 1958: 537] = Tylana ustulata Uhler, 1876: 354. = Hysteropterum ustulata (Uhler, 1876); comb, by O'Brien 1988a: 868. = Hysteropterum morum Van Duzee, 1923: 191; syn. by O'Brien 1988a: 868. = Tylanira ustulata (Uhler, 1876); comb, by Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006b: 223. Subtribe Thioniina Melichar, 1906 Picumna Stal, 1864 (Type species Picumna varians Stal, 1864). = Cyclumna Fowler, 1904 (Type species Cyclumna subrotunda Fowler, 1904); syn. by Metcalf 1938: 415. = Issomorphus Melichar, 1906 (Type species Issomorphus maculatus Melichar, 1906); syn. by Metcalf 1938: 414. chinai Doering, 1938 [Metcalf 1958: 460] maculata (Melichar, 1906) [Metcalf 1958: 460, Issomorphus ] ovatipennis (Walker, 1858) [Metcalf 1958: 461, Issus] Thionia Stal, 1859 (Type species Issus longipennis Spinola 1839). acuta Doering, 1941 [Metcalf 1958: 437] = Thionia naso Doering, 1938: 463 [nec Fowler 1905]; replacement name by Doering 1941: 214. bullata (Say, 1830) [Metcalf 1958: 439, Plata] = Thionia bullata bullata (Say, 1830); comb, by implication Metcalf 1938: 411, see Metcalf 1958: 441-442. = Thionia bullata conspersa (Walker, 1851); new synonymy. elliptica (Germar, 1830) [Metcalf 1958: 444, fssws] obrienae Wilson, 1987 (in Wheeler & Wilson 1987) = Thionia elliptica Doering, 1938: 459-460, 542- 547, 550-553 (nec Germar, 1830); replacement name by Wheeler and Wilson 1987: 449. omani Doering, 1938 [Metcalf 1958: 450] producta Van Duzee, 1908 [Metcalf 1958: 451] quinquata Metcalf, 1923 [Metcalf 1958: 452] USA: AZ, CO, NM; Mexico (Tiburon Island) USA: AZ, CA, NM, TX; Mexico (Guerrero, Veracruz); Guatemala, Panama USA: AZ, NM, TX Mexico (Guerrero, Veracruz) (reported in error: USA: AZ) USA: OK, TX; Mexico (Hidalgo) USA: AL, AR, DC, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, LA, MD, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, PA, SC, TN, TX; CAN: ON USA: AL, AR, DC, FL, GA, KY, IL, MD, MO, MS, NJ, NC, OH, OK, PA, TN, TX, VA; CAN: ON USA: TX USA: NM USA: AZ, CO, OK, TX, UT USA: AL, GA, NC Ball 1936, Metcalf 1958, Ward et al. 1977, O'Brien 1988a, Gnezdilov & O'Brien 2006b Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958, Nixon & McPherson 1977, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Wheeler & Wilson 1988, Wheeler 1996, Maw et al. 2000, Gonzon et al. 2006, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Wheeler & Wilson 1987, 1996; O'Brien 1988a, Wheeler 1996, Paiero et al. 2003, Gonzon et al. 2006, Benton & McCreadie 2009, Bartlett et al. 2011 Wheeler & Wilson 1987, O'Brien 1988a Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958, Wilson & McPherson 1980b BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 173 simplex (Germar, 1830) [Metcalf 1958: 453] USA: AL, AR, DC, DE, FL, GA, 1L, KY, MD, MO, MS, NC, NJ, OH, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA FAMILY KINNARIDAE Kinnarinae Muir, 1925 Oeclidiini Emeljanov, 2006b Oeclidius Van Duzee, 1914 (Type species Oeclidius nanus Van Duzee, 1914). = Paroeclidius Myers, 1928 (Type species Paroeclidius luizi Myers, 1928); new status (subgenus) by Fennah 1980: 682, 695. carolus Ball, 1934a [Metcalf 1945: 248] fraternus Van Duzee, 1923 [Metcalf 1945: 248] nanus Van Duzee, 1914 [Metcalf 1945: 248] = Oeclidius brickellus Ball, 1934a; new synonymy nimbus Ball, 1934a [Metcalf 1945: 249] transversus Ball, 1934a [Metcalf 1945: 249] USA: AZ USA: AZ, CA, UT; Mexico (Baja California Sur, Sonora) USA: AZ, CA NM, NV, UT; CAN: BC; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Isla Tortuga, Isla Cerralvo [Jacques Cousteau], Isla San Lorenzo) USA: AZ USA: AZ, CA FAMILY TROPIDUCHIDAE (sensu Gnezdilov 2007) Tambiniinae Kirkaldy, 1907 Gaetuliini Fennah, 1978 (sensu Gnezdilov 2007) Danepteryx Uhler, 1889 (Type species Danepteryx manca Uhler, 1889). = Epidanepteryx Bliven, 1966 (Type species Epidanepteryx sequoiae Bliven, 1966): syn. by O'Brien 1988a: 867. adiuncta Doering, 1939 [Metcalf 1958: 326] artemisiae Kirkaldy, 1908 [Metcalf 1958: 326] barbarae Kirkaldy, 1908 [Metcalf 1958: 326] = Epidanepteryx santana Bliven, 1966: 107; syn. by O'Brien 1988a: 868. lurida Melichar, 1906 [Metcalf 1958: 327] manca Uhler, 1889 [Metcalf 1958: 327] robusta Doering, 1939 [Metcalf 1958: 328] sequoiae (Bliven, 1966) = Epidanepteryx sequoiae Bliven, 1966: 106; comb, by O'Brien 1988a: 868. Dictyssonia Ball, 1936 (Type species Dictyssonia beameri Ball, 1936). beameri Ball, 1936 [Metcalf 1958: 319] USA: CA USA: CA USA: CA; Mexico (Baja California) USA: CA USA: CA, UT USA: CA USA: CA USA: AZ Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958, Nixon & McPherson 1977, Wilson & McPherson 1980a, b, c; Weber & Wilson 1981, Wheeler & Wilson 1988, Gonzon et al. 2006, Bartlett et al. 2011 Ball 1934a, Metcalf 1945 Ball 1934a, Metcalf 1945 Ball 1934a, Metcalf 1945; Maw et al. 2000 Ball 1934a, Metcalf 1945 Ball 1934a, Metcalf 1945 Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958, Bliven 1966, O'Brien 1988a Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 Bliven 1966, O'Brien 1988a Ball 1936, Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 Continued 174 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Dictyobia Uhler, 1889 (Type species Dictyobia permutata Uhler, 1889; jr. syn. of Hysteroptemm semivitreum Provancher, 1889). atra Van Duzee, 1914 [Metcalf 1958: 318] USA: CA Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 combinata Ball, 1910 [Metcalf 1958: 318] USA: CA Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 semivitrea (Provancher, 1889) [Metcalf 1958: 318, Hysteropterum] USA: CA, TX (reported in error: CAN: QC) Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 varia Doering, 1939 [Metcalf 1958: 319] USA: CA Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 Dictyonia Uhler, 1889 (Type species Dictyonia obscura Uhler, 1889). obscura Uhler, 1889 [Metcalf 1958: 297] USA: CA, WA Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 = Dictyonia psychodimorpha Bliven, 1966: 103; syn. by O'Brien 1988a: 868. Dictyonissus Uhler, 1876 (Type species Dictyonissus griphus Uhler, 1876). griphus Uhler, 1876 [Metcalf 1958: 316] USA: CA, TX; Mexico (Nuevo Leon) Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 nigropilosus Doering, 1938 [Metcalf 1958: 317] USA: TX; Mexico (Tamaulipas) Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 Dictyssa Melichar, 1906 (Type species Dictyssa areolata Melichar, 1906). areolata Melichar, 1906 [Metcalf 1958: 310] USA: CA Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 beameri Doering, 1936 [Metcalf 1958: 311] USA: CA, NV Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 clathrata Melichar, 1906 [Metcalf 1958: 311] USA: CA Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 doeringae (Ball, 1936) [Metcalf 1958: 311] = Dictyonia doeringae Ball, 1936: 157. USA: CA Ball 1936, Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 = Dictyssa doeringae (Ball, 1936); comb, by Doering 1941: 214. = Dictyssa balli Doering, 1936; syn. by Doering 1941: 214. fenestrata Ball, 1910 [Metcalf 1958: 312] USA: CA Doering 1936, Metcalf 1958 fusca Melichar, 1906 [Metcalf 1958: 312] USA: CA Doering 1936, Metcalf 1958 maculosa Doering, 1936 [Metcalf 1958: 312] USA: CA Doering 1936, Metcalf 1958 marginepunctata Melichar, 1906 [Metcalf 1958: 312] USA: CA; Mexico (Baja California) Doering 1936, Metcalf 1958 mira Van Duzee, 1928 [Metcalf 1958: 313] USA: CA Metcalf 1958 monroviana Doering, 1936 [Metcalf 1958: 313] USA: CA Doering 1936, Metcalf 1958 mutata Melichar, 1906 [Metcalf 1958: 313] USA: CA Doering 1936, Metcalf 1958 obliqua Ball, 1910 [Metcalf 1958: 314] USA: CA; Mexico (Baja California) Doering 1936, Metcalf 1958 ovata Ball, 1910 [Metcalf 1958: 314] USA: CA; Mexico (Baja California) Doering 1936, Metcalf 1958 cpiadravitrea Doering, 1936 [Metcalf 1958: 315] USA: CA Doering 1936, Metcalf 1958 schuhi O'Brien, 1986a USA: CA, OR O'Brien 1986a, 1988a transversa Van Duzee, 1914 [Metcalf 1958: 315] USA: CA Doering 1936, Metcalf 1958 Dyctidea Uhler, 1889 (Type species Dyctidea angustata Uhler, 1889). = Dictydea Uhler, 1889: 37; missp. by Uhler 1889: 39; Van Duzee 1938: 33; Doering 1938: 449; 1939: 88; O'Brien 1986a: 68; 1988a: 868. angustata Uhler, 1889 [Metcalf 1958: 321 ] USA: CA Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 falcata Van Duzee, 1938 [Metcalf 1958: 321] USA: CA Metcalf 1958 intermedia Uhler, 1889 [Metcalf 1958: 321] USA: CA Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 175 nigrata Doering, 1939 [Metcalf 1958: 322] USA: CA Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 texana O'Brien, 1986a = Dictydea [sic] texana O'Brien, 1986a: 68; also O'Brien 1988a: 868 [missp. of Dyctidea ]. USA: TX O'Brien 1986a, 1988a uhleri Doering, 1939 [Metcalf 1958: 322] USA: CA Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 valida Doering, 1939 [Metcalf 1958: 322] USA: CA Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 variegata Van Duzee, 1938 [Metcalf 1958: 322] Misodema Melichar, 1907 (Type species Misodema USA: CA Metcalf 1958 reticulata Melichar, 1906 as Rileya reticulata Melichar, 1906); replacement name for unavailable Rileya Melichar, 1906). = Rileya Melichar, 1906 (nec Huene 1902). = Mesodema Melichar, 1907; missp. by Caldwell 1945: 97. reticulata Melichar, 1906 USA: AZ, TX; Mexico? Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 Neaethus Stal, 1861b (Type species Hysteropterum vitripenne Stal, 1854). = Issovarcia Bliven, 1966 (Type species Issovarcia dipteroides Bliven 1966); syn. by O'Brien 1988a: 867. bicornis Doering, 1941 [Metcalf 1958: 305] = Issovarcia dipteroides Bliven 1966: 104-105; syn. by O'Brien 1988a: 868. USA: CA Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958, Bliven 1966, O'Brien 1988a consuetus Doering, 1941 [Metcalf 1958: 305] USA: CA Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 curvaminis Doering, 1938 [Metcalf 1958: 305] USA: AZ Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 diversus Doering, 1938 [Metcalf 1958: 305] USA: AZ Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 fenestratus Melichar, 1906 [Metcalf 1958: 305] USA: AZ, CA, NM, UT Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 fragosus Van Duzee, 1921 [Metcalf 1958: 306] USA: CA Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 grossus Melichar, 1906 [Metcalf 1958: 306] USA: AZ, CA Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 grossus var. pallidus Melichar, 1906 [Metcalf 1958: 306] USA: AZ?, CA Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 jacintiensus Doering, 1938 [Metcalf 1958: 306] USA: CA; Mexico (Baja California) Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 maculatus Melichar, 1906 [Metcalf 1958: 306] USA: CA Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 maculatus var. fasciatus Van Duzee, 1917a [Metcalf 1958:307] USA: CA Metcalf 1958 nigronervosus Melichar, 1906 [Metcalf 1958: 307] USA: AZ, CA, UT Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 perlucidus Doering, 1938 [Metcalf 1958: 307] USA: CA Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 semivitreus Fowler, 1896 [Metcalf 1958: 308] USA: CA Metcalf 1958 similis Doering, 1938 [Metcalf 1958: 308] USA: CA Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 sinehamatus Doering, 1938 [Metcalf 1958: 308] USA: CA Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 unicus Doering, 1941 [Metcalf 1958: 308] USA: CA Doering 1941, Metcalf 1958 uniformis Doering, 1938 [Metcalf 1958: 308] USA: AZ, CA Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 vitripennis (Stal, 1854) [Metcalf 1958: 308] USA: AZ, CA Doering 1938, Metcalf 1958 Osbornia Ball, 1910 (Type species Osbornia cornuta Ball, 1910). arborea Ball, 1935a [Metcalf 1958: 329] = Osbornia arborea var. arborea Ball, 1935a; USA: AZ, CA, NM, TX, UT Ball 1935a, Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 comb, by implication Doering 1939: 98-99. Continued 176 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES arborea var. fusca Doering, 1939 [Metcalf 1958: 330] USA: NM cornuta Ball, 1910 [Metcalf 1958: 330] USA: CA, TX, UT Remosini Fennah, 1982 Monopsis Spinola, 1839 (Type species Monopsis tabida Spinola, 1839). tabida Spinola, 1839 [Metcalf 1954a: 97] Dominican Republic (Reported in error: USA: FL, Cuba) Neurotmeta Guerin-Meneville, 1856 (Type species Fidgora sponsa Guerin-Meneville, 1856). = Tangia Stal, 1859 (Type species Monopsis viridis Walker, 1851); syn. by Van Duzee 1917b: 739; removed from syn. by Fennah 1965a: 100. sponsa (Guerin-Meneville, 1856) [Metcalf 1954a: Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, 80] Jamaica (reported in error: USA: FL) = Fulgora (Pseudophana?) sponsa Guerin- Meneville, 1856: 180. = Tangia sponsa (Guerin-Meneville, 1856); comb, by Uhler 1884: 231. = Neurotmeta sponsa (Guerin-Meneville, 1856); comb, by Melichar 1912: 174, 217. Tangiini Melichar, 1914 Pelitropis Van Duzee, 1908 (Type species Pelitropis rotulata Van Duzee, 1908). rotulata Van Duzee, 1908 [Metcalf 1954a: 93] USA: AL, FL, MS, NC, SC; Cuba Tangia Stal, 1859 (Type species Monopsis viridis Walker, 1851). breviceps (Metcalf & Bruner, 1930) [Metcalf 1954a: USA: FL; Cuba 80] = Neurotmeta breviceps Metcalf & Bruner, 1930: 398. = Tangia breviceps (Metcalf & Bruner, 1930); comb, by O'Brien 1992: 122. Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 Doering 1939, Metcalf 1958 Metcalf 1954a, Wilson & McPherson 1980, O'Brien 1992 Wolcott 1950, Metcalf 1954a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, O'Brien 1992 Metcalf 1954a, Wilson & McPherson 1980b, Wilson & Wheeler 1984, O'Brien 1992 Metcalf 1954a, O'Brien 1992 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 177 Figure 1 Features of planthoppers. A. Hind tarsus of Acamlonia coma, (Acanalonndae), vented view; B. Hmd “ rsus of MelanoliLs plaZus (Cixiidae), ventral view; C Hind tarsus of Synecdoche mpunctc to , Achdukae), ventral view D Hind tibia of Acamlonia conica ; E. Hind tibia of ApMonemi -simplex (Ca hscehdae); F Hind tibia Tvlnkeimica (Iss.dae), G Hind tibia of Picumm chimi (Issidae); H. Beak of Anotm wes twooil (Derbidae, terminal beak segment short); I. Beak of Bothriocera cognita (Cixiidae, terminal beak segment long); J. Front leg of Fitchiella robertsonii (Caliscelidae); K, Front leg of Scolops abnonms (Dictyophandae). 178 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Clavus Marginal cells Submarginal vein Crossveins No crossveins Figure 2. Features of planthoppers. A. Wings of Cyrpoptus vanduzeei (Fulgoridae); B. Wings of Diacira setifera (Dic- tyopharidae); C. Lateral habitus of Flatormenis saucia (Flatidae); D. Clavus of Flatormenis saucia ; E. Clavus of Omolicna sp. (Derbidae). BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 179 - . l • /(-q G9 = eonapophyses of segments 8 and 9). A. Melanoliarus y\ire 3. Ventral view of planthopper get < c ^ ' maley q. Stenocranus similis (Delphacidae, female); D. placitus (Cixiidae, male); B. Omoham exana( C£m/Cfl (femaie); F. Melanoliarus sp. (female); G. Hap- Obtusicranus bifidus (Delphacidae, fema ), 1945 (female, Kinnaridae, British Virgin Islands); I. laxius ovatus (Cixiidae, female), H. Q - Thionia simplex (Issidae, female). 180 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Intermediate carina Lateral carina Median carina Median ocellus Tegula Lateral ocellus Antenna Anal veins of clavus Figure 4. Features of planthoppers. A. Frons of Cixiidae ( Reptalus exoptatus ); B. Cixiidae, head, lateral view ( Hap - laxius pictifrons ); C. Frons of Issidae (. Kathleenum cornutum, Issidae); D. Antenna (. Aethodelphax megadontus, Del- phacidae); E. Dorsal view of Lomagenes delphacoides Fennah, 1945c (Kinnaridae, Dominican Republic); F. Fore- wing of Achilidae (Synecdoche grisea); G. Dorsal habitus of Tropiduchidae (' Tangia viridis (Walker 1851), British Virgin Islands). BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 181 Figure 5. Views of Acanaloniidae, A-D, frontal view, E-H, dorsal view (scale = 1.0 mm). A, E. Acanalonia clypeata; B, F. A. conica ; C, G. A.fasciata; D, H. Philatis tuberculata (female). 182 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 6. Lateral views of Acanaloniidae (scale = 1.0 mm). A. Acanalonia ch/peata ; B. A. conica ; C. A. fasciata; D. Philatis tuberculata. Figure 7. Male terminalia of Achilidae, ventral view. A, D. Catonia picta; B, E. Synecdoche dimidiata; C, F. Opsiplanon luellus. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 183 Figure 8. Hind tibiae of Achilidae (scale = 0.5 mm). A. Catonia picta; B. Juniperthia indella (note absence of spine). 184 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 9. Forewing of Achilidae (redrawn from O'Brien 1971). A. Catonia ; B. Synecdoche; C. Opsiplanon. Abbrevia- tions of wing veins: A = anal; C = costa; CuA = anterior cubitus; CuP = posterior cubitus (which approximates the position of the claval suture); M = media (assumed to be posterior media); RA = anterior radius; RP = pos- terior radius; Sc = subcosta (assumed to be posterior subcosta). BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 185 Figure 10. Dorsal view of head and thorax of Achilidae (redrawn from O'Brien 1971). A. Synecdoche dimidiata; B. Xerbus brunnellus. 186 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 11. Views of Achilidae, A-D frons, E-H dorsal view (scale = 0.5 mm). A, E. Catonia picta; B, F. Cixidia septen- trionalis ; C, G. Juniperthia indella ; D, H. Momar maculifrons. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 187 Figure 12. Views of Achilidae, A-D frons, E-H dorsal view (scale = 0.5 mm). A, E. Opsiplanon luellus ; B, F. Synecdo- che nervata; C, G. Uniptera ampliata; D, FI. Xerbus brunnellus. 188 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 13. Dorsal habitus of Caliscelidae (scale = 0.5 mm). A. Aphelonema rugosa; B. Asarcopus palmarum (male); C. Bruchomorpha oculata ; D. Caliscelis bonellii (male); E. Fitchiella rufipes, F. Papagona succinea. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 189 Figure C. 14. Lateral views of Caliscelidae (scale = 0.5 mm). A. Aphelonema mgosa ; B. Asarcopus palmarum (male); Bruchomorpha oculata ; D. Caliscelis bonellii (male); E. Fitchiella rufipes; F. Papagona succinea. 190 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 15. Frons of Caliscelidae (scale = 0.5 mm). A. Aphelonema rugosa ; B. Asarcopus palmarum; C. Bruchomorpha oculata; D. Caliscelis bonellii; E. Fitchiella rufipes; F. Papagona succinea. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 191 Figure 16. Features of Cixiidae. A. Head and anterior thorax of Cixius pint, B. Head and anterior thorax of Melano- liarus plncitus ; C. Head and anterior thorax of Oecleus sp.; D. Lateral view of head of Nymphocixia unipunctata; E. Lateral view of head of Melanoliarus placitus; F. Lateral view of head of Bothriocera cognita ; G. Leg of Pentastirid- ius cinnamomeus; H. Leg of Reptalus exoptatus ; I. Tarsus of Melanoliarus placitus ; J. Ovipositor of Melormenis sp.; J. Ovipositor of Haplaxius ovatus. 192 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES i 4 I > /H ft / {'*■ Life L A 1 HUW f ; smU f I ' Hi La.K» 'll #• 4 t- * » Figure 17. Frons and dorsal habitus of Cixiidae, A-E frons, F-J dorsal habitus (scale = 0.5 mm). A. F. Asotocixius diopter (paratype); B. G. Bothriocera cognita; C. H. Cixius pini; D, I. Haplaxius radicis ; E, J. Melanoliarus placitus. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 193 Figure 18. Frons and dorsal habitus of Cixiidae, A-E frons, F-J dorsal habitus (scale = 0.5 mm). A. F. Microledrida olor; B. G. Monorachis sordulentus ; C. H. Nymphocixia unipunctata; D, I. Oecleus sp.; E, J. Oliaronus tontonus. 194 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 19. Frons and dorsal habitus of Cixiidae, A-E frons, F-J dorsal habitus (scale = 0.5 mm). A. F. Pentastiri- ' dius cinnamomeus; B. G. Pintalia vibex; C. H. Platycixius calvus; D, I. Reptalus exoptatus ; E, J. Stegocixius lochites (holotype). BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 195 Figure 20. Lateral habitus of Cixiidae (scale = 0.5 mm). A. Asotocixius diopter; B. Bothriocera cognita ; C. Cixius pini ; D. Haplaxius radicis; E. Melanoliarus placitus; F. Microledrida olor; G. Monorachis sordulentus; H. Nymphocixia unipunctata. 196 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 21. Lateral habitus of Cixiidae (scale = 0.5 mm). A. Oecleus sp.; B. Oliaronus tontonus ; C. Pentastiridius cin- namomeus; D. Pintalia vibex ; E. Platycixius calvus ; F. Reptalus exoptatus; G. Stegocixius lochites. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 197 H Fieure 22 Post tibial spurs (calcars) of Delphacidae (scale = 0.2 mm). A. Copicerus hromtus; B. Kelisia curvata ; C. Stenocranus brunneus; D. Saccharosydne saccharivom; E. Liburniella omnia ; F. Ddphacode s recurvata; G. Mcgamdus davisi ; H. Nilaparvata showing teeth on basitarsus. 198 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 23. Select features of delphacid genera (scale = 0.5 mm). A. Head of Neomegamelanus elongatus lateral view (showing characteristic carina for genus); B. Head of Javesella pellutida lateral view; C. Head of Prokelisia dolus lateral view; D. Head of Tumidagena minuta lateral view; E. Terminalia of Kelisia spinata, lateral view, showing subanal process of Kelisiinae; F. Terminalia of Obtusicranus bifidus Bartlett, 2010, lateral view, showing pro- cesses of the phallotheca characteristic of Stenocraninae; G. Terminalia of Perkinsiella saccharidda, semicaudal view, illustrating processes on ventral margin of pygofer. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 199 Figure 24. Features of male terminalia of Delphacidae, semi-diagrammatic based on Nothodelphax slossonae. A. Terminalia left lateral view; B. Terminalia caudal view; C. Aedeagal complex, including segments 10 and 11, left lateral view. 200 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 25. Views of Delphacidae, A-D frons, E-H dorsal view (scale = 0.5 mm). A, E. Copicerus irroratus (Asi- racinae: Asiracini); B, F. Pentagramma vittatifrons (Asiracinae: Idiosystanini); C, G. Kelisia spinosa; D, H. Kelisia vesiculata (Kelisiinae). BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 201 Figure 26. Views of Delphacidae, A-E frons, F-J dorsal view (scale = 0.5 mm). A, F. Kelisicranus arundiniphagus (Stenocraninae); B, G. Obtusicranus bicarinus (Stenocraninae); C, H. Stenocranus lautus (Stenocraninae); D, I. Stenocranus sirnilis (Stenocraninae); E, J. Saccharosydne saccharivora (Delphacinae: Saccharosydnini). 202 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 27. Views of Delphacidae, A-E frons, F-J dorsal view (scale = 0.5 mm). A, F. Achorotile stylata ; B, G. Aetho- delphax prairianus; C, H. Akemetopon inornatum ; D, I. Bakerella cornigera ; E. Bostaera nasuta; J. Bostaera balli. Figure 28. Views of Delphacidae, A-E frons, F-J dorsal view (scale = 0.5 mm). A, F. Caenodelphax teapae ; B, G. Chio- nomus havanae (holotype); C, H. Conomelus anceps; D, I. Criomorphus inconspicuous ; E, J. Delphacodes acuministyla. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 203 Figure 29. Views of Delphacidae, A-E frons, F-J dorsal view (scale = 0.5 mm). A, F. Delphacodes andromeda ; B, G. Delphacodes detecta; C, H. Delphacodes nigripennata; D, I. Delphacodes nitens; E, J. Delphacodes puella. Figure 30. Views of Delphacidae, A-E frons, F-J dorsal view (scale = 0.5 mm). A, F. Delplwcodes trimaculata ; B, G. Elachodelphax bifida ; C, H. Euides fasciatella ; D, I. Eunjbregma magmfrons; E, J. E urysa kormusi. 204 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 31. Views of Delphacidae, A-E frons, F-J dorsal view (scale = 0.5 mm). A, F. Falcotoya sagae; B, G. Harmalia anacharsis; C, H. Isodelphax basivitta; D, I. Javesella pellucida ; E, J. Kelisoidea versa (paratype). BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 205 Figure 32. Views of Delphacidae, A-E frons, F-J dorsal view (scale = 0.5 mm). A, F. Keyflana hasta; B, G. Kormus californicus (holotype, photo courtesy CASC); C, FI. Kosswigianella analis; D, I. Kusnezoviella macleani; E, J. Lnc- cocera vittipennis. 206 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 33. Views of delphacidae, A-E frons, F-J dorsal view (scale = 0.5 mm). A, F. Laccocera oregonensis ; B, G. Li- burniella ornata; C, H. Macrotomella carinata; D, I. Megadelphax bidentatus (photos courtesy A. Hamilton, CNCI); E, J. Megamelanus bicolor. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 207 Figure 34. Views of Delphacidae, A-E frons, F-J dorsal view (scale = 0.5 mm). A, F. Megamelus distinctus ; B, G. Meristopsis rhamphis; C, FI. Metadelphax propinqua; D, I. Muellerianella guaduae; E, J. Muellerianella laminalis. 208 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 35. Views of Delphacidae, A-E frons, F-J dorsal view (scale = 0.5 mm). A, F. Muirodelphax arvensis; B, G. Neomegamelanus elongatus ; C, H. Nilaparvata wolcotti; D, I. Nothodelphax consimilis ; E, J. Nothodelphnx occlusa. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 209 Figure 36. Views of Delphacidae, A-E frons, F-J dorsal view (scale = 0.5 mm). A, F. Paradelphacodes litoralis (pho- tos courtesy A. Hamilton, CNCI); B, G. Paraliburnia kilmanv, C, H. Pareuidella spatulata ; D, I. Parkana alata; E, J. Penepissonotus bicolor. 210 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 37. Views of Delphacidae, A-E frons, F-J dorsal view (scale = 0.5 mm). A, F. Peregrinus maidis ; B, G. Perkin- siella saccharicida ; C, H. Phrictopi/ga occidentalis ; D, I. Phyllodinus nervatus; E, J. Pissonotus delicatus. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 211 Figure 38. Views of Delphacidae, A-E frons, F-J dorsal view (scale = 0.5 mm). A, F. Prokelisia crocea; B, G. Prokelisia marginata ; C, H. Pygospina spinata; D, I. Ribautodelphax albostriata; E, J. Rotundifronta lutea. 212 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 39. Views of Delphacidae, A-E frons, F-J dorsal view (scale = 0.5 mm). A, F. Scolopygos pallida; B, G. Sogatella kolophon ; C, H. Stobaera pallida; D, I. Syndelphax fulvidorsum; E, J. Tagosodes cubanus. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 213 Figure 40. Views of Delphacidae, A-E frons, F-J dorsal view (scale = 0.5 mm). A, F. Tagosodes orizicolus; B, G. Toy a idonea; C, H. Tumidagena minuta ; D, I. Unkanodes excisa; E, J. Yukonodelphax stramineosa. 214 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 41. Lateral views of Delphacidae (scale = 0.5 mm). A. Copicerus irroratus (Asiracinae; Asiracini); B. Penta- gramma vittatifrons (Asiracinae; Idiosystanini); C. Kelisia spinosa (Kelisiinae); D. Kelisia vesticulata (Kelisiinae); E. Kelisicranus arundiniphagus (Stenocraninae); F. Obtusicranus bicarinus (Stenocraninae); G. Stenocranus lautus (Stenocraninae); H. Stenocranus similis (Stenocraninae); I. Saccharosydne saccharivora (Delphacinae: Saccharo- sydnini); J. Achorotile stylata (Delphacinae: Delphacini). BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 215 E Figure 42 Lateral views of Delphacidae (Delphacinae: Delphacini) (scale = 0.5 mm). A. Aethodelphax prainanus; B. Akemetopon inornatum ; C. Bakerella cornigera; D. Bostaera nasuta; E. Caenodelphax teapae; F. Chionomus havanae; G. Conomelus anceps ; H. Criomorphus inconspicuus; I. Delphacodes acuministyla; J. Delphacodes andromeda. 216 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 43. Lateral views of Delphacidae (Delphacinae: Delphacini) (scale = 0.5 mm). A. Delphacodes detecta; B. Delphacodes nigripennata; C. Delphacodes nitens; D. Delphacodes puella ; E. Delphacodes trimaculata; F. Elachodelphax bifida; G. Euides fasciatella; H. Eurybregma magnifrons; I. Eunjsa kormusi; J. Falcotoya sagae. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 217 Figure 44. Lateral views of Delphacidae (Delphacinae: Delphacini) (scale = 0.5 mm). A. Harmaha anacharsis ; B. Isodelphax basivitta • C. Javesella pellucida; D. Kelisoidea versa (paratype); E. Keyflana hasta; F. Kormus califormcus (holotype, courtesy Norm Penny CASC); G. Kosswigianella analis; H. Kusnezoviella macleani; I. Laccocera orego- nensis; J. Laccocera vittipennis. 218 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 45. Lateral views of Delphacidae (Delphacinae: Delphacini) (scale = 0.5 mm). A. Liburniella ornata; B. Mnc- rotomella carinata; C. Megadelphax bidentatus (photo courtesy A. Hamilton, CNCI); D. Megamelanus bicolor; E. Megamelus distinctus ; F. Megamelus flavus; G. Meristopsis rhamphis; H. Metadelphax propinqua; I. Muellerianella guaduae; J. Muellerianella laminalis. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 219 Figure 46. Lateral views of Delphacidae (Delphacinae: Delphacini) (scale = 0.5 mm). A. Muirodelphax arvensis; B. Neomegamelanus elongatus; C. Nilaparvata wolcotti; D. Nothodelphax consimilis; E. Nothodelphax occlusa; F. Paradel- phacodes litoralis (photo courtesy A. Hamilton, CNCI); G. Paraliburnia kilmani; H. Pareuidella spatulata; I. Parkana alata; J. Penepissonotus bicolor. 220 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 47. Lateral views of Delphacidae (Delphacinae: Delphacini) (scale = 0.5 mm). A. Peregrinus maidis; B. Perkin- siella saccharicida; C. Phrictopyga occidentalis; D. Phyllodinus nervatus; E. Pissonotus delicatus; F. Prokelisia crocea; G. Prokelisia marginata; H. Pygospina spinata; I. Ribautodelphax albostriata; J. Rotundifronta lutea. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 221 Figure 48. Lateral views of Delphacidae (Delphacinae: Delphacini) (scale = 0.5 mm). A. Scolopygos pallida; B. So^a- tella kolophon; C. Stobaera pallida; D. Syndelphax fulvidorsum; E. Tagosades cubanus; F. Tagosodes orizicolus; G. Toya idonea; H. Tumidagena minuta ; I. Unkanodes excisa; J. Yukonodelphax stramineosa. 222 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 49. Male delphacid genitalia of Delphacidae, A-E caudal view, F-J left lateral view (scale = 0.2 mm). A, F. Copicerus irrorntus (Asiracinae; Asiracini); B, G. Pentagramma. vittatifrons (Asiracinae; Idiosystanini); C, H. Kelisia flava (Kelisiinae); D, I. Kelisicranus arundiniphagus (Stenocraninae); E, J. Obtusicranus bicarinus (Stenocraninae). Figure 50. Male delphacid genitalia of Delphacidae, A-E caudal view, F-J left lateral view (scale = 0.2 mm). A, F. Stenocranus lautus (Stenocraninae); B, G. Stenocranus similis (Stenocraninae); C, H. Saccharosydne saccharivora (Delphacinae: Saccharosydnini); D, I. Achorotile angulata (paratype, Delphacinae: Delphacini); E, J. Aethodelphax prairianus (Delphacinae: Delphacini). BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 223 Figure 51. Male delphacid genitalia of Delphacidae (Delphacinae: Delphacini), A-E caudal view, F-J left lateral view (scale = 0.2 mm). A, F. Akemetopon politum; B, G. Bakerella rotundifrons; C, H. Bostaera nasuta; D, I. Caeno- delphax teapae; E, J. Chionomus havanae. Figure 52. Male delphacid genitalia of Delphacidae (Delphacinae. Delphacini), A E caudal view, F J left lateral view (scale = 0.2 mm). A, F. Conomelus anceps; B, G. Criomorphus inconspicuus; C, H. Delphacodes acuministyla; D, I. Delphacodes andromeda; E, J. Delphacodes detecta. 224 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 53. Male delphacid genitalia of Delphacidae (Delphacinae: Delphacini), A-E caudal view, F-J left lateral view (scale = 0.2 mm). A, F. Delphacodes nigripennata ; B, G. Delphacodes nitens; C, H. Delphacodes puella; D, I. Delphacodes recurvatn; E, J. Delphacodes trimaculata. Figure 54. Male delphacid genitalia of Delphacidae (Delphacinae: Delphacini), A-E caudal view, F-J left lateral view (scale = 0.2 mm). A, F. Elachodelphax coloradensis (paratype); B, G. Euides fasciatella; C, H. Eurybregma obesa ; D, I. Ealcotoya crawfordi; E, J. Harmalia anacharsis. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 225 Figure 55. Male delphacid genitalia of Delphacidae (Delphacinae: Delphacini), A-E caudal view, F-J left lateral view (scale = 0.2 mm). A, F. Isodelphax basivitta; B, G. Javesella pellucida; C, H. Kelisoidea versa (paratype); D, I. Keyflana hasta (paratype); E, J. Kosszvigianella analis. Figure 56. Male delphacid genitalia of Delphacidae (Delphacinae: Delphacini), A-E caudal view, F-J left lateral view (scale = 0.2 mm). A, F. Kusnezoviella munda; B, G. Laccocera obesa; C, H Liburniella ornata; D, I. M acrotomella carinata; E, J. Megadelphax btdentatus. 226 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 57. Male delphacid genitalia of Delphacidae (Delphacinae: Delphacini), A-E caudal view, F-J left lateral view (scale = 0.2 mm). A, F. Megamelanus bicolor; B, G. Megamelus distinctus; C, H. Meristopsis rhamphis; D, I. Metadelphax propinqua; E, J. Mueller ianella guaduae. Figure 58. Male delphacid genitalia of Delphacidae (Delphacinae: Delphacini), A-E caudal view, F-J left lateral view (scale = 0.2 mm). A, F. Muellerianella laminalis ; B, G. Muirodelphax arvensis; C, H. Neomegamelanus elongatus; D, I. Nilaparvata wolcotti; E, J. Nothodelphax consimilis. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 227 Figure 59. Male delphacid genitalia of Delphacidae (Delphacinae: Delphacini), A-E caudal view, F-J left lateral view (scale = 0.2 mm). A, F. Paradelphacodes litoralis; B, G. Paraliburnia kilmani; C, FI. Pareuidella avicephaliforma; D, I. Parkana alata; E, ]. Penepissonotus bicolor. Figure 60. Male delphacid genitalia of Delphacidae (Delphacinae: Delphacini), A-E caudal view, F-J left lateral view (scale = 0.2 mm). A, F. Peregrinus maidis; B, G. Perkinsiella saccharicida ; C, H. Phrictopyga occidentalis; D, I. Phyllodinus nervatus; E, J. Pissonotus binotatus. 228 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 61. Male delphacid genitalia of Delphacidae (Delphacinae: Delphacini), A-E caudal view, F-J left lateral view (scale = 0.2 mm). A, F. Prokelisia crocea; B, G. Prokelisia marginata; C, H. Pygospina spinata; D, I. Ribautodel- phax albostriata; E, J. Ribautodelphax pusilla. Figure 62. Male delphacid genitalia of Delphacidae (Delphacinae: Delphacini), A-E caudal view, F-J left lateral view (scale = 0.2 mm). A, F. Sogatella kolophon ; B, G. Stobaera concinna; C, H. Stobaera tricarinata; D, I. Syndelphax alexanderi; E, J. Tagosodes approximates. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 229 Figure 63. Male delphacid genitalia of Delphacidae (Delphacinae: Delphacini), A-E caudal view, F-J left lateral view (scale = 0.2 mm). A, F. Tagosodes cubanus; B, G. Toy a idonea; C, H. Tumidagena minuta; D, I. Unkrmodes excisa; E, J. Yukonodelphax stramineosa. 230 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 64. Features of Derbidae. A. Wing of Cedusa sp. (redrawn from Metcalf 1923); B. Wing of Anotia fitchi; C. Wing of Anotia robertsonii; D. Wing of Dysimia (redrawn from Broomfield 1985); E. Head of Shellenius schel- lenbergii; F. Head of Cedusa kedusa; G. Head of Omolicna fulva; H. Wing of Paramysidia vulgaris Broomfield 1985 (redrawn from Broomfield 1985); I. Wing of Sikaiana hard; J. Lateral view of anterior portion of Sayiana sayi showing projected costal margin of wing (shaded) . BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 231 Figure 65. Heads of Derbidae (A-E, K-M lateral view; F-J, O frontal view; N dorsal view; scale = 0.5 mm). A. Anotia luestzvoodii; B .Sayiana sayi ; C. Apache degeerii; D. Otiocerus coquebertii ; E. Shellenius ballii; F. Cedusa sp.; G. Neocen- chrea heidemanni; H. Omolicna texana (paratype); I. Persisferox; J. Patara cxjanea Fennah, 1952 (male, from Dominica); K. Cedusa kedusa; L. Omolicna sp.; M. Neocenchrea heidemanni; N. Sikaiana harti; O. Patara vanduzei (female). 232 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 66. Lateral view of Derbidae (scale = 0.5 mm). A. Cedusa kedusa; B. Neocenchrea heidemanni ; C. Omolicna texana (paratype); D. Persis ferox; E. Dysimia pseudomaculata; F. Paramysidia mississippiensis ; G. Mula resonans ; H. Sikaiana hard. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 233 Figure 67. Lateral view of Derbidae (scale = 0.5 mm). A. Anotia zvestzuoodii; B. Anotia uhleri ; C. Sayiana sayi ; D. Patara vanduzei (female); E. Apache degeerii; F. Otiocerus coquebertii; G. Otiocerus stollii (male); H. Shellenius bnllii. 234 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 68. Dorsal view of Derbidae (scale = 0.5 mm). A. Cedusa kedusa; B. Neocenchrea heidemanni; C. Omolicna texana (paratype); D. Persisferox; E. Paramysidia mississippiensis ; F. Dysimia pseudomaculata; G. Patara vanduzei (female); H. Patara cyanea Fennah, 1952 (male, from Dominica); I. Mula resonans; J. Sikaiana harti. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 235 Figure 69. Dorsal view of Derbidae (scale = 0.5 mm). A. Anotia westwoodiv, B. Anotia uhleri ; C. Apache degeerii ; D. Otiocerus amyotii ; E. Sayiana sayi; F. Shellenius ballii. IV 236 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 70. Features of Dictyopharidae (scale A-B = 1.0, C-D = 0.2). A. Forewing venation of Nersiaflorens ; B. Fore- wing venation of Rhynchomitra microrhina ; C. Median notch of posterior margin of pronotum for Nersia florens; D. Median notch of posterior margin of pronotum for Rhynchomitra microrhina; E. Left side of head Acinaca lurida (callosity absent); F. Left side of head Orgerius concordus (callosity present); G. Left lateral view of thorax of Deserta obscura (tegula hidden); H. Left lateral view of thorax of Rhynchomitra microrhina (tegula visible, lack- ing carina); I. Left lateral view of thorax of Nersia florens (tegula visible, carina present); J. Dorsal view of head Timonidia sp.; K. Dorsal view of head Aridia compressa; L. Dorsal view of head Ticida cingulata ; M. Dorsal view of head Ticrania chamherlini. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 237 Figure 71. Views of Dictyopharidae (Dictyopharinae) (A-C dorsal habitus, D-F frontal view, G-I lateral habitus; scale = 1.0 mm). A, D, G. Mitrops dioxys ; B, E, H. Nersiaflorens; C, F, I. Rhynchomitra microrhina. 238 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 72. Views of Dictyopharidae (Dictyopharinae) (A-C dorsal habitus, D-F frontal view, G-I lateral habi- tus; scale = 1.0 mm). A, D, G. Phylloscelis rubra; B, E, H. Scolops (Scolops) sulcipes; C, F, I. Scolops (Belanocharis) abnormis. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 239 Figure 73. Frons and dorsal habitus of Dictyopharidae (Orgeriinae) (A-D frontal view, E-H dorsal habitus; scale = 1.0 mm). A, E. Acinaca lurida ; B, F. Aridia compressa ; C, G. Deserta obscura; D, FI. Orgmnava argentia. 240 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 74. Frons and dorsal habitus of Dictyopharidae (Orgeriinae) (A-D frontal view, E-H dorsal habitus; scale = 1.0 mm). A, E. Orgerius (Orgerius) concordus ; B, F. Orgerius (Opsigonus) minor; C, G. Ticida (Jidda) dngulata; D, H. Ticida (Timodema) miracula. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 241 Figure 75. Views of Dictyopharidae (Orgeriinae) (A-C frontal view, D-F dorsal habitus, G-I lateral habitus; scale = 1.0 mm). A, D, G. Ticrania chamberlini ; B, E, H. Timonidia solitaria ; C, F, I. Yucanda albida. 242 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 76. Lateral habitus of Dictyopharidae (Orgeriinae; scale = 1.0 mm). A. Acinaca lurida; B. Avidia compressa; C. Deserta obscura; D. Orgamara argentia ; E. Orgerius (Orgerius) concordus; F. Orgerius (Opsigonus) minor; G. Jidda (Ticida) dngulata; H. Tidda (Timodema) miracula. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 243 Figure 77. Frons and dorsal habitus of Flatidae (A-E frontal view, F-J dorsal habitus; scale = 1.0 mm). A, F. Antillor - menis contaminata (from St. Vincent); B, G. Flatormenis proximo; C, H. Flatormenis saucia; D, I. Melormenis basalis; E, J. Metcalf a pruinosa. 244 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 78. Frons and dorsal habitus of Flatidae (A-E frontal view, F-] dorsal habitus; scale = 1.0 mm). A, F. Orme- naria rufifascia; B, G. Ormenoides venusta; C, H. Siphanta acuta ; D, I. Cyarda sp.; E, J. Mistharnophantia sonorana. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 245 Figure 79. Frons and dorsal habitus of Flatidae (A-F frontal view, G-L dorsal habitus; scale = 1.0 mm). A, G. Paradascalia edax; B, H. Flataloides scabrosus; C, I. Flatoides enota ; D, J. Flatoidinus punctatus; E, K. Metcracis fusca; F, L. Pseudoflatoides tortrix. 246 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 80. Lateral habitus of Flatidae (Flatinae: Nephesini, Selizini, Siphantini; scale = 1.0 mm). A. Antillormenis contaminata (from St. Vincent); B. Flatormenis proximo ; C. Flatormenis saucia ; D. Leptormenis relicta (holotype); E. Melormenis basalis; F. Metcalfa pruinosa ; G. Ormenaria rufifascia; H. Ormenoides venusta; I. Siphanta acuta; J. Cyarda sp. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 247 Figure 81. Lateral habitus of Flatidae (Flatinae: Selizini, Flatoidinae: Flatoidini; scale = 1.0 mm). A. Mistharnophan- tia sonornna; B. Paradascalia edax; C. Flataloides scabrosus; D. Flatoides enota; E. Flatoidinus punctatus; F. Metcracis fusca; G. Pseudoflatoides tortrix. 248 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES u. g. ffiSi . k L uTftdB Figure 82. Front and dorsal habitus of Fulgoridae (A-D front, E-I dorsal habitus; scale = 1.0 mm). A, E. Amycle tumacacoriae ; B, F. Scolopsella reticulata ; C, G. Calyptoproctus marmoratus ; D, H. Cyrpoptus vanduzeei; \. Rhabdo- cephala brunnea. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 249 m3 1/4 l. i J hi Figure 83. Front and dorsal habitus of Fulgoridae (A-C front, D-F dorsal habitus; scale = 1.0 mm). A, D. Alaruasa lepida; B, E. Itzalana submaculata ; C, F. Pobliciafuliginosa. 250 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 84. Lateral habitus of Fulgoridae (scale = 1.0 mm). A. Amycle tumacacoriae ; B. Rhabdocephala brunnea ; C. Sco- lopsella reticulata; D. Calyptoproctus marmoratus ; E. Cyrpoptus vanduzeei; F. Alaruasa lepida; G. Itzalana submacu- lata; H. Poblicia fuliginosa. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 251 Figure 85. Front and dorsal habitus of Issidae (A-E front, F-J dorsal habitus; scale = 1.0 mm). A, F. Abolloptera bistriata; B, G. Agalmatium bilobum (photo by L. B. O'Brien); C, H. Balduza una; D, I. Exortus fuscomaculus; E, J. Kathleenum cornutum. Figure 86. Front and dorsal habitus of Issidae (A-F front, G-L dorsal habitus; scale = 1.0 mm). A, G. Paralixes scutatus; B, H. Picumna chinai; C, I. Stilbometopius auroreus; D, J. Thionia bullata; E, K. Traxus fulvus ; F, L. Tylanira b if urea. 252 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 87. Lateral habitus of Issidae (scale = 1.0 mm). A. Abolloptera bistriata ; B. Agalmatium bilobum (photo by L. B O'Brien); C. Balduza unci; D. Exortus fuscomaculus; E. Kathleenum cornutum ; F. Paralixes scutatus; G. Picumna chinai; H. Stilbometopius auroreus; I. Thionia bullata ; J. Traxus fulvus; K. Tylanira bifurca. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 253 Figure 88. Front and dorsal habitus of Tropiduchidae (Gaetuliini) (A-E front, F-J dorsal habitus; scale = 1.0 mm). A, F. Danepteryx lurida ; B, G. Dictyobia semivitrea ; C, H. Dictyonia obscura; D, I. Dictyonissus griphns; E, J. Dictys- sonia beameri. 254 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES 1 ifP * Figure 89. Front and dorsal habitus of Tropiduchidae (Gaetuliini) (A-E front, F-] dorsal habitus; scale = 1.0 mm). A, F. Dictyssa monroviana; B, G. Dyctidea sp.; C, H. Misodema reticulata; D, I. Neaethus sinehamatus; E, J. Osbornia cor nut a. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 255 Figure 90. Lateral habitus of Tropiduchidae (Gaetuliini; scale = 1.0 mm). A. Danepteryx lurida; B. Dictyobia semivit- rea ■ c Dictyonia obscura; D. Dictyonissus griphus ; E. Dictyssa monroviana; F. Dictyssonia beameri; G. Dyctidea sp.; H. Misodema reticulata; l. Neaethus sinehamatus; J. Osbornia cornuta. 256 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Figure 91. Front and dorsal habitus of Kinnaridae and Tropiduchidae (Remosini and Tangiini) (A, E Kinnaridae; B-D, F-H Tropiduchidae; A-D front, E-H dorsal habitus; scale A,E = 0.5 mm, B-D, F-H = 1.0). A, E. Oeclidius sp.; B, F. Tangia breviceps ; C, G. Neurotmeta sponsa; D, H. Pelitropis rotulata. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 257 Figure 92. Lateral habitus of Kinnaridae and Tropiduchidae (Remosini and Tangiini) (A. Kmnaridae; B-D, Tropi- duchudae; scale = 1.0 mm). A. Oeclidius sp.; B. Tangia breviceps; C. Neurotmeta sponsa ; D. Pelitropis rotulata. 258 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Cixiidae Delphacidae Kinnaridae Meenoplidae Achilidae Achilixiidae Derbidae Fulgoridae Dictyopharidae Lophopidae Eurybrachidae Flatidae Issidae (Thioniini) Nogodinidae (Australian) Tettigometridae Nogodinidae (Bladinini) Acanaloniidae Nogodinidae (s.s.) Tropiduchidae Gaetuliini Ricaniidae Caliscelidae Basal planthoppers Intermediate planthoppers Higher planthoppers Figure 93. Diagrammatic tree from Urban & Cryan (2007) from Bayesian 50% consensus tree based on combined 18S + 28S + H3 + Wg gene molecular data. BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 259 260 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES 1 - 2 species 3 - 5 species 6 - 7 species 8-10 species 1 1 1 - 1 2 species Figure 95. Distribution of Acanaloniidae in the contiguous United States. Within state outlines are the numbers of taxa recorded for each state as "genera (species)". Figure 96. Distribution of Achilidae in the contiguous United States. Within state outlines are numbers of taxa recorded for each state as "genera (species)". BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 261 2(3) 2W) 2(2) 1(1) Figure 97. Distribution of Caliscelidae in the contiguous United States. Within state outlines are numbers of taxa recorded for each state as "genera (species)". Figure 98. Distribution of Cixiidae in the contiguous United States. Within state outlines are numbers of taxa re- corded for each state as "genera (species)". 262 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES 12(22) 13(19) 25(52) 31(75) 24(49) 24(53) 33(104) 22(44) 24(47) 18(30) 14(27) 27(68) 25(61) 15(26) 13(20) 1 - 27 species 28 - 54 species 55 - 82 species ■ 83-109 species PE. 1 10 - 1 37 species 13(27) 10(11) 2(20) 12(14) i s y/j 19(32) 3(56) 23 27(5* 29(59) Figure 99. Distribution of Delphacidae in the contiguous United States. Within state outlines are numbers of taxa recorded for each state as "genera (species)". id) id) 4(7) 1(1) 2(6) 2(2) 1(2) 4(10) 1 - 7 species 8-14 species 15-20 species 21 - 27 species 28 - 35 species Figure 100. Distribution of Derbidae in the contiguous United States. Within state outlines are numbers of taxa recorded for each state as "genera (species)". BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 263 Figure 101. Distribution of Dictyopharidae in the contiguous United States. Within state outlines are numbers of taxa recorded for each state as "genera (species)". Figure 102. Distribution of Flatidae in the contiguous United States. Within state outlines are numbers of taxa recorded for each state as "genera (species)". 264 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES 2(2) 1 - 2 species 3-5 species 6 - 7 species 8-10 species 11-12 species Figure 103. Distribution of Fulgoridae in the contiguous United States. Within state outlines are numbers of taxa recorded for each state as "genera (species)". KD id) / Figure 104. Distribution of Issidae in the contiguous United States. Within state outlines are numbers of taxa re- corded for each state as "genera (species)". BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 265 Figure 105. Distribution of Kinnaridae in the contiguous United States. Within state outlines are numbers of taxa recorded for each state as "genera (species)". ■ I! 266 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES KD KD 1-11 species 12-22 species 23-33 species Red _ Rern0sini + Tangiini 34 -44 species black = Gaetuliini 44 - 55 species 5(7) 2(2) Figure 106. Distribution of Tropiduchidae (including Gaetuliini) in the contiguous United States. Within state out- lines are numbers of taxa recorded for each state as "genera (species)". 30(57) 30(59) 19(35) 48(127) 10(130) 66(171) 83(285) 49(115) 16(20) 44(122) 56(105) 28(39) 70(222) 49(107) 48(89) 83(265) 35(66) 64(166) 48(90) 63(163) 91(275) 23(44) 15(20) 26(50) i \ 29(53) 7(27)) \ B(9tt 53(155) QU66 1(102 1 - 58 species 59-115 species 116-173 species 1 74 - 230 species 1 231 - 285 species 25(45) 54(118) 61(141) 15(23) 25(43) Figure 107. Distribution of all planthoppers in the contiguous United States. Within state outlines are numbers of taxa recorded for each state as "genera (species)". BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 267 300 ou-f- ^ 5 z ^ _ »3_i(_Q_^uo02: r-" oo cn i — ^ r — r^- o ' o ' o rsi ro «3- o o O o o O o o o o o LO CD 00 cn o rH CN ro '3' LO oo oo 00 oo oo cn cn CT> cn cn cn rH tH tH tH tH tH rH tH rH tH tH o o o r-> oo cn Ch CT) Decade Described Figure 109. Number of planthopper species reported north of Mexico as described by decade. 2000 Index to Species and Subspecies of Planthoppers Names in bold are valid names listed in the Appendix, names in italics are synonyms, names in reg- ular typeface are mentioned only in the text or as a type species of a genus. The valid genus follows each entry in square brackets, except the original genus is provided for type species. Bold page num- bers indicate primary entries in the Appendix, underlined page numbers indicate figures, page num- bers in regular typeface indicate mentions in the text. The codens in parentheses following names in- dicate family placement as follows: AN = Acanaloniidae; AL = Achilidae; CA = Caliscelidae; CI= Cixiidae; DL = Delphacidae; DR = Derbidae; DC = Dictyopharidae; FT = Flatidae; FG = Fulgoridae; IS = Issidae; KI = Kinnaridae; LO = Lophopidae; TR = Tropiduchidae. 4 -pustulata Van Duzee [Pissonotus] (DL)-139 abbotii Kirby [Otiocerus] (DR)-154 abnormis Ball [Scolops] (DC)-157, 177, 238 abrupta Ball [ Bruchomorpha ] (CA)-85 acicus (Caldwell) [. Melanoliarus ] (CI)-91 aculeata Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-112 aculeata Distant [Kalpa] (DL)-128 acuminipennis (Spinola) [Cyarda] (FT)-164 acuministyla Dozier [Delphacodes] (DL)-21, 112, 202, 215. 223 acuta (Walker) [Siphanta] (FT)-28, 44, 166, 244, 246 acuta Ball [ Orgamara ] (DC)-159 acuta Doering & Shepherd [ Mistharnophantia ] (FT)-165 acuta Doering [Thionia] (IS)-172 acuta Scudder [Achorotile] (DL)-108 acutissima Metcalf & Bruner [sp. nr.] [Cyarda] (FT)-164 acutus (Uhler) [Flatoidinus] (FT)-28, 166 acutus Beamer [Stenocranus] (DL)-17, 106 acutus var. maculosus Metcalf [Flatoidinus] (FT)-29, 45, 167 adela Flor [Delphax] (DL)-132 adiuncta Doering [Danepteryx] (TR)-173 adunca Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-112 aestus Metcalf [Megamelus] (DL)-123 aetocephalus (Beamer) [Aethodelphax] (DL)-108 affinis Van Duzee [Stobaera] (DL)-144 agrestis Morgan & Beamer [Pissonotus] (DL)-135 ainigma Weglarz & Bartlett [Akemetopon] (DL)-19, 109 ajoensia Doering & Shepherd [Mistharnophantia] (FT)-165 alata Beamer [Parkana] (DL)-19, 133, 209, 219, 227 alatus (Beamer) [Aethodelphax] (DL)-108 albicollis Haupt [Liburnia] (DL)-125 albicollis Motschulsky [Liburnia] (DL)-125 albicosta (Van Duzee) [Synecdoche] (AL)-82 albida (Ball) [Yucanda] (DC)-161, 241 albida Westwood [Patara] (DR)-24, 44, 155 albifascia Matsumura [Liburnia] (DL)-148 albifrons Lawson [Fitchiella] (CA)-87 albinotata (Crawford) [Delphacodes] (DL)-134 albinotata Muir & Giffard [Delphacodes] (DL)-112 albivultus Morgan & Beamer [Pissonotus] (DL)-135 albocarinata (Stal) [Nothodelphax] (DL)-129 albolineosa Fowler [Liburnia] (DL)-142 albolineosus (Fowler) [Tagosodes] (DL)-145 albomaculatum Distant [Iguvium] (DR)-155 albosignata (Dahlbom) [Achorotile] (DL)-108 albostriata (Fieber) [Ribautodelphax] (DL)-16, 45, 141, 211.220.228 albovenosus Osborn [Pissonotus] (DL)-136 albovenosus Osborn [Prokelisia] [lapsus] (DL)-136 alexanderi (Metcalf) [Syndelphax] (DL)-144, 228 altaius Vilbaste [Delphacinoides] (DL)-126 altanatus (Caldwell) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-91 altanus (Ball) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-91 amabilis Westwood [Fulgora] (FG)-167 amplexicaulis Tian & Ding [Paracorbulo] (DL)-117 ampliata Ball [Uniptera] (AL)-9, 10, 77, 187 amyotii Fitch [Otiocerus] (DR)-154, 235 anacharsis Fennah [Harmalia] (DL)-17, 21, 44, 117, 204, 217. 224 analis (Crawford) [Kosswigianella] (DL)-121, 205. 217, 225 anceps (Germar) [Conornelus] (DL)-17, 18, 44, 111, 202, 215.223 andromeda (Van Duzee) [Delphacodes] (DL)-112, 203, 215. 223 angulata Beamer [Achorotile] (DL)-108, 222 angulata Beamer [Bakerella] (DL)-109 angulata Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-112 angulatus Osborn [Megamelus] (DL)-123 angusta Doering & Shepherd [Mistharnophantia] (FT)-165 angustata Uhler [Dyctidea] (TR)-174 angustatus Caldwell [Cixius] (CI)-89 angustatus Uhler [Scolops] (DC)-157 angustum Melichar [Hysteropterum] (IS)-170 angustus Crawford [Stenocranus] (DL)-106 anticostus Metcalf [Megamelus] (DL)-123 antillarum Kirkaldy [Melormenis] (FT)-163 anufrievi Wilson [Delphacodes] (DL)-112 apache (Ball) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-91 apacheanus Kirkaldy [Cochise] (DL)-110 aphidioides Van Duzee [Pissonotus] (DL)-136 apicalis Metcalf [Cixius] (CI)-89 apicata Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-112 270 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES apicata Hamilton [Achorotile] (DL)-108 approximatus (Crawford) [Tagosodes] (DL)-146, 228 aquilonius Morgan & Beamer [Pissonotus] (DL)-136 arborea Ball [ Osbornia ] (TR)-12, 175 arborea var. fusca Doering [Osbornia] (TR)-176 arbutina Ball [ Catonia ] (AL)-80 arcanastyla (Beamer) [Javesella] (DL)-118 arcuata Beamer [ Delphacodes ] (DL)-112 ardentis Beamer [ Delphacodes ] (DL)-16, 45, 147 areolata Melichar [ Dictyssa ] (TR)-174 argentia Ball [Orgamara] (DC)-159, 239. 242 aridus (Ball) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-92 arizonensis (Mead & Kramer) [ Melanoliarus ] (CI)-92 arizonensis Flynn & Kramer [Cedusa] (DR)-149 arizonensis O'Brien [ Persis ] (DR)-153 arnellus Ball & Klingenberg [ Oecleus ] (CI)-101 artemesiae Beirne [ Oliarus ] (CI)-97 artemisiae Fieber [Kormus] (DL)-120 artemisiae Kirkaldy [Danepteryx] (TR)-173 arundineus Metcalf [Stenocranus] (DL)-17, 106 arundiniphagus Bartlett [ Kelisicranus ] (DL)-17, 105, 107, 201.214.222 arvensis (Fitch) [ Muirodelphax ] (DL)-120, 127, 208, 219, 226 asperata Fowler [ Microledrida ] (CI)-91 ater Van Duzee [Pissonotus] (DL)-138 atomaria (Walker) [Alaruasa] (FG)-169 atra Germar [Phylloscelis] (DC)-26, 156 atra Van Duzee [Dictyobia] (TR)-174 atra var. albovenosa Melichar [Phylloscelis] (DC)-156 atra var. ocala Ball [Phylloscelis] (DC)-156 atralabis (Beamer) [Muirodelphax] (DL)-127 atrata (Osborn) [Javesella] (DL)-118 atridorsum (Beamer) [Caenodelphax] (DL)-110 attenuata Distant [Toya] (DL)-147 aubei Perris [Delphax] (DL)-126 augur Kramer [Oecleus] (CI)-101 aurantii Osborn [Sogata] (DL)-135 auratus (Ball) [Haplaxius] (CI)-100 aurinia Fennah [Falcotoya] (DL)-117 auroreus (Uhler) [Stilbometopius] (IS)-34, 171, 251, 252 australis (Metcalf) [Cedusa] (DR)-149, 151 austrinus Breakey [Scolops] (DC)-157 autumnalis O'Brien [Synecdoche] (AL)-82 avicephaliforma Beamer [Pareuidella] (DL)-132, 22Z axialis Van Duzee [Kelisia] (DL)-105 axonopi Fennah [Delphacodes] (DL)-148 bahamensis Metcalf [Stobaera] (DL)-144 bakeri Crawford [Dicranotropis] (DL)-138 balboae (Muir & Giffard) [Chionomus] (DL)-lll balgasicus Vilbaste [Ribautodelphax] (DL)-141 balli (Kramer) [Haplaxius] (CI)-97 balli Doering [Dictyssa] (TR)-174 balli Flynn & Kramer [Cedusa] (DR)-149 balli Kramer [Cixius] (CI)-89 balli Kramer [Oecleus] (CI)-101 balli Muir & Giffard [Delphacodes] (DL)-21, 112 balli Penner [Bostaera] (DL)-110, 202 ballii (McAfee) [Shellenius] (DR)-155, 231, 233, 235 balteata (Distant) [Sogatella] (DL)-142, 143 balteata Distant [Opiconsiva] (DL)-142, 143 bandarus Caldwell [Pseudocixius] (CI)-89 barbarae Kirkaldy [Danepteryx] (TR)-173 barberi (Van Duzee) [Ormenaria] (FT)-29, 30, 45, 164 basalis (Walker) [Melormenis] (FT)-28, 44, 163, 243, 246 basalis Van Duzee [Cixius] (CI)-90 basalis Van Duzee [Pissonotus] (DL)-136 basilinea Germar [Euidella] (DL)-116 basivitta (Van Duzee) [Isodelphax] (DL)-117, 118, 204, 217. 225 beameri (Ball) [Haplaxius] (CI)-97 beameri Ball [Dictyssonia] (TR)-35, 173, 253, 255 beameri Doering [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-85 beameri Doering [Dictyssa] (TR)-174 beameri Doering [Hysteropterum] (IS)-32, 33, 170 beameri Flynn & Kramer [Cedusa] (DR)-149 bedusa McAtee [Cedusa] (DR)-149 beirnei Emeljanov [Reptalus] (CI)-97 beirnei Mead & Kramer [Oliarus] (CI)-97 belfragei Stal [Cyrpoptus] (FG)-31, 168 bellicosa Muir & Giffard [Delphacodes] (DL)-112 beringiaca Emeljanov [Javesella] (DL)-118 bicarinus Bartlett [Obtusicranus] (DL)-17, 105, 201, 214, 222 bicinctura Van Duzee [Catonia] (AL)-80 bicolor Ball [Megamelanus] (DL)-19, 123, 206. 218, 226 bicolor Beamer [Penepissonotus] (DL)-21, 133, 209, 219. 227 bicornata Crawford [Laccocera] (DL)-121 bicornis (Fabricius) [Bothriocera] (CI)-87 bicornis Doering & Darby [Orgerius] (DC)-160 bicornis Doering [Neaethus] (TR)-175 bidens Beamer [Bakerella] (DL)-109 bidentatus (Anufriev) [Megadelphax] (DL)-23, 123, 206, 218. 225 bifida (Beamer) [Elachodelphax] (DL)-115, 203, 216 bifidus Beamer [Megamelus] (DL)-123 bifidus Bartlett [Obtusicranus] (DL)-179, 198 biflagellatus O'Brien [Oecleus] (CI)-101 bifoveata O'Brien [Synecdoche] (AL)-82 bifurca Ball [Tylanira] (IS)-171, 251, 252 bifurca Beamer [Yukonodelphax] (DL)-45, 148 bifurcata Ball [Tylanira] [missp.j (IS)— 171 bilineatus Caldwell [Oecleus] (CI)-101 bilobata Van Duzee [Stobaera] (DL)-144 bilobatus Doering & Darby [Orgerius] (DC)-160 bilobum (Fieber) [Agalmatium] (IS)-32, 33, 34, 44, 170, 251.252 bimaculata Beamer [Kelisia] (DL)-105 binotatus (Anufriev) [Megadelphax] [lapsus] (DL)-123 binotatus Spooner [Pissonotus] (DL)-136, 22Z bipunctata (Ball) [Deserta] (DC)-159 bis Nast [Nilaparvata] (DL)-128 bisecta (Kirby) [Ketumala] (FT)-28, 163 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 271 bispinus (Caldwell) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-92 bistriata (Caldwell) [Abolloptera] (IS)-34, 170, 251, 252 bivittata (Ball) [ Aphelonema ] (CA)-84 bivittata Crawford [ Pentagramma ] (DL)-104 bivittata Say [Acanalonin] (AN)-8, 9, 45, 75 bivittata var. rubescens (Melichar) [ Acanalonia ] (AN)-8, 45, 75 bocana Beamer [ Delphacodes ] (DL)-112 bolivari Melichar [ Delphacodes ] (DL)-110 bonellii (Latreille) [Caliscelis] (CA)-44, 86, 188, 189. 190 bonnetii Kirby [Anotia] (DR)-153 borealis Hamilton [Elachodelphax] (DL)-115 borealis Van Duzee [ Oecleus ] (CI)-13, 101 borincjuensis Caldwell [Oliarus] (CI)-95 boxi (Muir) [ Toya ] (DL)-147 brazilensis (Muir) [ Sogatodes ) (DL)-147 breviceps (Metcalf & Bruner) [ Tangia ] (TR)-35, 36, 176, 256. 257 breviceps Dozier [ Liburnia ] (DL)-131 brickellus Ball [Oeclidius] (KI)-34, 45, 173 brittoni (Metcalf) [Cixidia] (AL)-77 brunnea Van Duzee [Rhabdocephala] (FG)-31, 168, 248, 250 brunnellus (Ball) [Xerbus] (AL)-83, 185, 187 brunneus Beamer [Stenocranus] (DL)-106, 197 brunneus Van Duzee [Pissonotus] (DL)-136 bucculentus Doering & Darby [Orgerius] (DC)-160 bufo (Van Duzee) [Balduza] (IS)-170 bullata (Say) [ Thionia ] (IS)-33, 45, 172, 251, 252 bullata Beamer [Bakerella] (DL)-109 bullata conspersa (Walker) [Thionia] (IS)-32, 45, 172 bunni Doering [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-85 burnetii Fitch [Anotia] (DR)-153 cabazonus Ball & Klingenberg [Oecleus] (CI)-102 caecianta Emeljanov [Achorotile] (DL)-108 caerulata Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-21, 112 caldwelli (Mead & Kramer) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-92 caldwelli Kramer [Cixius] (CI)-89 caldwelli Kramer [Stobaera] (DL)-144 caldwelli Metcalf [Nilaparvata] (DL)-128 californica (Van Duzee) [Cedusa] (DR)-149 californicum Wilkey [Apache] (DR)-154 californicus (Van Duzee) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-92 californicus Crawford [Kormus] (DL)-20, 120, 205, 217 californicus Lawson & Beamer [Scolops] (DC)-157 caliginosa Ball [Anotia] (DR)-153 calvus Van Duzee [Platycixius] (CI)-91, 194, 196 campestris (Van Duzee) [Delphacodes] (DL)-127 campestris Ball [Oecleus] (CI)-101 campestris Fennah [Melanoliarus] (CI)-93 canadensis Bartlett [Pissonotus] (DL)-136 canadensis Beirne [Laccocera] (DL)-121 caninus (Beamer) [Aethodelphax] (DL)-109 canyonensis (Mead & Kramer) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-92 capitulatus Van Duzee [Oecleus] (CI)-101 cara (Van Duzee) [Synecdoche] (AL)-82 carinata (Glover) [Delphacodes] (DL)-16, 112 carinata Van Duzee [Macrotomella] (DL)-18, 122, 206, 218.225 carolae Wilson [Prokelisia] (DL)-140 Carolina Metcalf [Catonia] (AL)-80 carolinensis Flynn & Kramer [Cedusa] (DR)-149 carolus Ball [Oeclidius] (Kf)-173 catalinus (Ball) [Haplaxius] (Cl)-97 cataniae Matsumura [Delphax] (DL)-125 catus (Caldwell) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-92 caudata Stal [Poeciloptera] (FT)-162 caudata Van Duzee [Rhynchopteryx] (FT)-165 cedusa McAtee [Cedusa] (DR)-149 centronus Ball & Klingenberg [Oecleus] (CI)-101 chamberlini (Van Duzee) [Ticrania] (DC)-161, 236. 241 chenhea Kuoh [Sogatella] (DL)-143 chinai Doering [Picumna] (IS)-172, 177, 251, 252 chisosus Caldwell [Cixius] (CI)-89 chloris (Melichar) [Platorrnenis] (FT)-29, 45, 162 chrisjohni Kramer [Oecleus] (CI)-101 chuliotus (Ball) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-92 chuluota Ball [Cedusa] (DR)-149 cinctifrons (Fitch) [Catonia] (AL)-80 cinctus Ball [Cixius] (CI)-89 cinerea Beamer [Bakerella] (DL)-109 cingulata Uhler [Ticida] (DC)-161, 236, 240, 242 cinnamomeus (Provancher) [Pentastiridius] (CI)-96, 191. 194. 196 clara (Van Duzee) [Synecdoche] (AL)-82 clathrata Melichar [Dictyssa] (TR)-174 clitellus Ball [Cixius] (CI)-89 clypeata Van Duzee [Acanalonia] (AN)-75, 181, 182 cockerelli (Fowler) [Scolops] (DC)-157 cocois (Fennah) [Haplaxius] (CI)-9 7, 98 coconinus (Ball) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-92 cognita Caldwell [Bothriocera] (CI)-87, 177, 191, 192. 195 collina Boheman [Delphax] (DL)-141 collinus (Ball) [Haplaxius] (CI)-97 coloepeum Fitch [Cixius] (CI)-89 coloradensis (Beamer) [Elachodelphax] (DL)-116, 224 coloradensis Beamer [Achorotile] (DL)-108 colorata (Van Duzee) [Cixidia] (AL)-78 colorata Distant [Opiconsiva] (DL)-142 combinata Ball [Dictyobia] (TR)-174 complanata (Walker) [Acanalonia] (AN)-77 complectus (Ball) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-93 coinpressa (Ball) [Aridia] (DC)-159, 236, 239. 242 comptum (Beamer) [Akemetopon] (DL)^15, 109 comptus Fowler [Cixius] (CI)-89 concavus (Beamer) [Aethodelphax] (DL)-109 concinna (Stal) [Stobaera] (DL)-144, 228 concinna Doering [Aphelonema] (CA)-84 concinnula Fowler [Acanalonia] (AN)-75 concinnulus (Fowler) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-93 concisus Metcalf [Flatoides] (FT)-29, 45, 167 concolor Bartlett [Pissonotus] (DL)-136 concolor Fieber [Delphax] (DL)-132 272 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES concordus Ball & Hartzell [Orgerius] (DC)-160, 236, 240. 242 confinis Zetterstedt [Cicada] (AL)-77 conformis (Melichar) [ Melormenis ] (FT)-28/ 163 confragosa Doering [Aphelonema] (CA)-84 confusa (Beirne) [Cixidia] (AL)-78 conica (Say) [ Acanalonia ] (AN)-9, 76, 177. 179. 181, 182 consimilis (Van Duzee) [ Nothodelphax ] (DL)-129, 208. 219. 226 conspicua Distant [ Siphantoides ] (FT)-166 conspicuus Metcalf [ Criomorphus \ (DL)-16, 45, 111 constellata (Ball) [Synecdoche] (AL)-82 constricta (Crawford) [Prokelisia] (DL)-140 constrictus minutus Crawford [Megamelus] (DL)-140 consuetus Doering [Neaethus] (TR)-175 contaminata (Uhler) [Antillormenis] (FT)-28, 162, 243, 246 contorta Muir [Kelisia] (DL)-135 convergens Bunn [Aphelonema] (CA)-84 convergens var. canyonensia Bunn [Aphelonema] (CA)-84 conviva Stal [Poeciloptera] (FT)-166 coquebertii Kirby [Otiocerus] (DR)-154, 231, 233 coquebertii var. rubidus Osborn [Otiocerus] (DR)-154 cornigera Beamer [Bakerella] (DL)-109, 202, 215 cornuta Ball [Osbornia] (TR)-12, 35, 175, 176, 254, 255 cornuta Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-117 cornutum (Melichar) [Kathleenum] (IS)-170, 171, 180, 251.252 cornutum var. utahnum (Ball) [Kathleenum] (IS)-171 coronus Beamer [Megamelus] (DL)-123 corvinus (Ball) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-93 costata (Van Duzee) [Synecdoche] (AL)-82 crazufordi Metcalf [Pissonotus] (DL)-136 crawfordi (Muir & Giffard) (DU-224 crena (Kramer) [Haplaxius] (CI)-98 crocea (Van Duzee) [Prokelisia] (DL)-23, 140, 211, 220, 228 crockeri Van Duzee [Philatis] (AN)-9 crudus (Van Duzee) [Haplaxius] (CI)-12, 97, 98 cubana pallida (Osborn) [Liburnia] (DL)-45, 146 cubanus (Crawford) [Tagosodes] (DL)-45, 145, 146, 212, 221,229 cucullus Kramer [Oecleus] (CI)-101 culta (Van Duzee) [Delphacodes] (DL)-16, 112 cultus Ball [Cixius] (CI)-89 curvaminis Doering [Neaethus] (TR)-175 curvata Beamer [Achorotile] (DL)-108 curvata Beamer [Kelisia] (DL)-105, 197 curvistyla Dozier [Delphacodes]-112 cyanea Fennah [Patara] (DR)-231, 234 dammersi (Van Duzee) [Ticida] (DC)-161 datuna Kramer [Bothriocera] (Cl)— 88 davisi Van Duzee [Megamelus] (DL)-16, 123, 19Z decens Stal [Oecleus] (CI)-101 decorata (Van Duzee) [Aphelonema] (CA)-12, 84 decorata Metcalf [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-85 decorata Uhler [Cotyleceps] (CI)-103 degeerii (Kirby) [Apache] (DR)-153, 154, 231, 233, 235 delicata (Fowler) [Pintalia] (CI)-103 delicatus (Van Duzee) [Haplaxius] (CI)-100 delicatus Beamer [Stenocranus] (DL)-106 delicatus melanurus Van Duzee [Pissonotus] (DL)-138 delicatus Van Duzee [Pissonotus] (DL)-137, 210, 220 delphacoides Fennah [Lomagenes] (KI)-180 dentatus Morgan & Beamer [Pissonotus] (DL)-137 denticauda Boheman [Delphax] (DL)-120 dentipennis Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-15, 45, 118 dentis Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-112 derelicta (Distant) [Sogatella] (DL)-142, 143 derelicta Distant [Opiconsiva] (DL)-142, 143 detecta (Van Duzee) [Delphacodes] (DL)-23, 112, 203, 216. 223 difficilis (Van Duzee) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-93 difformis Walker [Cyarda] (FT)-164 dimidiata (Van Duzee) [Synecdoche] (AL)-82, 182, 185 dimidiatifrons Kusnezov [Liburnia] (DL)-121 diopter Kramer [Asotocixius] (CI)-88, 192, 195 dioxys (Walker) [Mitrops] (DC)-156, 237 dipteroides Bliven [Issovarcia] (TR)-175 discolor (Boheman) [Javesella] (DL)-119 disgregus Doering & Darby [Orgerius] (DC)-160 disonymos Kirkaldy [Delphax] (DL)-144 distincta Distant [Sogata] (DL)-142 distincta Flor [Delphax] (DL)-179 distincta Melichar [Ormenis] (FT)-164 distincta Scudder [Achorotile] (DL)-108 distinctus Metcalf [Megamelus] (DL)-123, 207, 218, 226 distinguenda Sahlberg [Liburnia] (DL)-141 divaricatus (Spooner) [Pissonotus] (DL)-136 divergens Bartlett [Pissonotus] (DL)-137 diversus Doering [Neaethus] (TR)-175 doeringae (Ball) [Dictyssa] (TR)-174 dolera (Spooner) [Javesella] (DL)-119 dolus Wilson [Prokelisia] (DL)-140, 198 dondonius (Ball) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-93 dorsalis (Fitch) [Stenocranus] (DL)-106 dorsalis (Metcalf) [Neomegamelanus] (DL)-128 dorsalis Beamer [Stenocranus] (DL)-107 dorsalis Van Duzee [Cixius] (CI)-103 dorsalis Van Duzee [Pissonotus] (DL)-137 dorsalis vittatus (Stal) [Stenocranus] (DL)-107 dorsata Fitch [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-85 dorsivittatus Van Duzee [Pintalia] (CI)-103 dorsolineatus (Beamer) [Tagosodes] (DL)-146 douglasensis Penner [Pentagramma] (DL)-104 dozieri (Kramer) [Haplaxius] (CI)-98 drakei Metcalf [Bothriocera] (CI)-88 dubia Caldwell [Misodema] (TR)-35 dubium Melichar [Hysteropterum] (IS)— 170 eburneocarinata (Anufriev) [Nothodelphax] (DL)-129 ecologus (Caldwell) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-93 edax Van Duzee [Paradascalia] (FT)-165, 245, 247 edentula (Van Duzee) [Cedusa] (DR)-149, 150 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 273 elegans Olivier [Fulgora] (FG)-168 elegantissima (Ishihara) [Sogatella] (DL)-143 elliptica (Germar) [Thionia] (IS)-33, 172, 177 elongatus (Ball) [Neomegamelanus] (DL)-128, F98, 208, 219, 226 elxjmi Jensen-Haarup [Liburnia] (DL)-148 emeljanovi Wilson [Kosswigianella] (DL)-45, 121 enota Van Duzee [ Flatoides ] (FT)-166, 245, 247 enotatus (Van Duzee) [ Haplaxius ] (CI)-98 epetrion Kramer [ Oecleus ] (CI)-101 ephratus Ball [Cixius] (CI)-89 erecta (Ball) [. Aridia ] (DC)-159 erectus Crawford [Megamelus] (DL)-145 erectus niger Crawford [Megamelus] (DL)-148 erectus nigripennis (Crawford) [Delphacodes] (DL)-145 erectus nigripennis Crawford [ Megamelus ] (DL)-145 eurytion Hamilton [ Eurybregma ] (DL)-117 everetti Distant [Lombokia] (FT)-166 evexus Kramer [Cixius] (CI)-89 excavata Van Duzee [Acanalonia] (AN)-9, 44, 76 excavatus Ball [Oecleus] (CI)-101 excisa (Melichar) [Unkanodes] (DL)-21, 148, 213, 221, 229 excultus Lawson & Beamer [Scolops] (DC)-157 exigua Boheman [Delphax] (DL)-120, 126 exiguus Morgan & Beamer [Pissonotus] (DL)-137 eximus (Caldwell) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-93 eximus teximus Caldwell [Oliarus] (CI)-96 exoptatus (Van Duzee) [Reptalus] (CI)-97, 180, 191, 194, 196 extensa Ball [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-85 extensa Doering & Shepherd [Mistharnophantia] (FT)-165 fairmairei Perris [Delphax] (DL)-126 falcata Van Duzee [Dyctidea] (TR)-174 falcatus Beamer [Megamelus] (DL)-123 fallax (Muir) [Syndelphax] (DL)-144 fasciata Fennah [Quilessa] (KD-179 fasciata Metcalf [Acanalonia] (AN)-76, 181, 182 fasciatella (Osborn) [Euides] (DL)-23, 117, 203, 216, 224 fecalfusca (Caldwell) [Flatoides] (FT)-29, 45, 167 fedusa McAfee [Cedusa] (DR)-150 felti Van Duzee [Stenocranus] (DL)-106 fenestrata Ball [Dictyssa] (TR)-174 fenestratus Melichar [Neaethus] (TR)-175 ferox O'Brien [Persis] (DR)-153, 232, 234 festucae Bartlett [Pissonotus] (DL)-137 fidus Van Duzee [Reptalus] (CI)-97 fitchi (Van Duzee) [Anotia] (DR)-153, 230 fitchii (Melichar) [Fitchiella] (CA)-87 flabellatus (Ball) [ Pissonotus ] (DL)-137, 139 flagellata Beamer [Kelisia] (DL)-105 flava Beamer [Kelisia] (DL)-105, 222 flava Crawford [Laccocera] (DL)-122 flava Metcalf [Microledrida] (CI)-91 flavescens Olivier [Fulgora] (IS)— 1 70 flavicosta O'Brien [Synecdoche] (AL)-82 flavida (Van Duzee) [Cedusa] (DR)-149 flavidus Breakey [Scolops] (DC)-157 flavidus var. pellos Breakey [Scolops] (DC)-157 flavolineatus Muir [Megamelus] (DL)-146 flavus Crawford [ Megamelus ] (DL)-123, 218 flocki (Kramer) [Haplaxius] (CI)-98 florens Stal [Nersia] (DC)-26, 156, 236, 237 florida Fennah [Nersia] (DC)-156 floridae (Muir & Giffard) [Syndelphax] (DL)-145 floridae (Walker) [Epiptera] (AL)-78 foliatus Doering & Darby [Orgerius] (DC)-160 forcipatus (Caldwell) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-93 formosa Distant [Itzalana] (FG)-169 foveata (Van Duzee) [Nothodelphax] (DL)-129, 130 foveata Spooner [Achorotile] (DL)-108 foveata subfoveata (Muir & Giffard) [Nothodelphax] (DL)-130 foveatus Spooner [Pissonotus] (DL)-139 fragosus Van Duzee [Neaethus] (TR)-175 francilloni Kirby [Otiocerus] (DR)-154 franciscanus (Stal) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-93, 94 fraternus Van Duzee [Oeclidius] (KI)-173 frontalis (Crawford) [Pissonotus] (DL)-137 frontalis (Crawford) [Prokelisoidea] (DL)-140 fuliginosa (Olivier) [Poblicia] (FG)-31, 169, 249, 250 fulva (Van Duzee) [Omolicna] (DR)-24, 152, 230 fulva Metcalf [Microledrida] [lapsus] (CI)-91 fulvidorsum (Metcalf) [Syndelphax] (DL)-145, 212, 221 fulvidorsum Ball [Oecleus] (CI)-101 fulvus (Osborn) [Haplaxius] (CI)-98 fulvus Beirne [Cixius] (CI)-90 fulvus Metcalf [Pissonotus] (DL)-138 fulvus Metcalf [Traxus] (IS)-171, 251, 252 fumidus (Ball) [Momar] (AL)-81 fumidus (Uhler) [Scolops] (DC)-157 funesta Fowler [Cedusa] (DR)-149 furcata (Provancher) [Delphacodes] (DL)-16, 113 furcata Caldwell [Bothriocera] (CI)-88 furcata Hamilton [Paraliburnia] (DL)-132 furcifera (Horvath) [Sogatella] (DL)-16, 141, 142, 145 furcifera distincta (Distant) [Sogatella] (DL)-142 furcifera pallescens (Distant) [Sogatella] (DL)-142 furcifera var. kolophon (Kirkaldy) [Liburnia] (DL)-143 fusca (Van Duzee) [Metcracis] (FT)-29, 45, 167, 245, 247 fusca (Van Duzee) [Synecdoche] (AL)-82 fusca (Walker) [Cixidia] (AL)-78 fusca Beamer [Bakerella] (DL)-109 fusca Melichar [Dictyssa] (TR)-174 fuscata Doering [Deserta] (DC)-159 fuscata Van Duzee [Microledrida] (CI)-91 fuscipennis Kirschbaum [Delphax] (DL)-119 fuscomaculosus (Doering) [Exortus] (IS)-170, 251, 252 fuscous Osborn [Phyllodinus] (DL)-137 fusiformis (Van Duzee) [Cixidia] (AL)-78 gabrielensis Flock [Haplaxius] (CI)-98 gedusa McAtee [Cedusa] (DR)-149 gerhardi (Metcalf) [Nilaparvata] (DL)-128 274 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES giffardi Van Duzee [Pissonotus] (DL)-137 giffardi Van Duzee [Stobaera] (DL)-144 gillettei (Van Duzee) [ Nothodelphax ] (DL)-130 glacia Wilson [Nothodelphax] (DL)-130 gladensis Caldwell [Oliarus] (CI)-92 glauca (Metcalf) [Alphina] (FG)-31, 38, 168 glaucus Emeljanov [Orgerius] (DC)-160 glochin Kramer [Oecleus] (CI)-102 gloriosa Distant [Opiconsiva] (DL)-142 glyphis (Kramer) [Haplaxius] (CI)-98 goliai Gonzon & Bartlett [Toya] (DL)-147 gracilis Beamer [Megamelus] (DL)-123 graminicola Matsamura [Delphax] (DL)-125 grandicella Doering [ Acanalonia ] (AN)-76 grandis Lawson [Fitchiella] (CA)-87 granulosum Fowler [ Goniolcium ] (DL)-144 graphicus Ball [ Scolops ] (DC)-157 greeni Distant [Nilaparvata] (DL)-128 gregaria Fennah [ Neocenchrea ] (DR)-152 griphus Uhler [Dictyonissus] (TR)-174, 253, 255 grisea (Van Duzee) [ Synecdoche ] (AL)-82, 180 grisea Costa [Mejonosoma] (CA)-86 grisea Fabricius [Cicada] (FT)-165 grossus Melichar [Neaethus] (TR)-175 grossus Uhler [Scolops] (DC)-157 grossus var. pallidus Melichar [Neaethus] (TR)-175 grylloides Fabricius [Cercopis] (IS)-170 guaduae (Muir) [Muellerianella] (DL)-16, 45, 126, 207, 218, 226 guentheri (Dlabola) [Nothodelphax] (DL)-130 gurneyi Kramer [Pintalia] (CI)-103 guttata Westwood [Patara] (DR)-155 guttatus Spooner [Pissonotus] (DL)-137 guttula Germar [Delphax] (DL)-104 guttulatus Walley [Cixius] (CI)-90 habeckorum (Mead & Kramer) [Pentastiridius] (CI)-97 hadesensis Caldwell [Acanalonia] (AN)-76 haedina Stal [Nersia] (DC)-156 hamatus Beamer [Megamelus] (DL)-123 hamulata Kirschbaum [Delphax] (DL)-125 harti (Metcalf) [Sikaiana] (DR)-155, 230, 231, 232, 234 hasta Beamer [Keyflana] (DL)-20, 120, 205, 217, 225 havanae (Muir & Giffard) [Chionomus] (DL)-lll, 202, 215, 223 hedusa McAtee [Cedusa] (DR)-149, 150 heidemanni (Ball) [Neocenchrea] (DR)-151, 231, 232, 234 helenae (Van Duzee) [Synecdoche] (AL)-82 hemiptera (Germar) [Delphacodes] (DL)-16, 113 henshawi (Van Duzee) [Cixidia] (AL)-78 hesperius (Van Duzee) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-94 hesperius Uhler [Scolops] (DC)-158 heterodoxa Laporte de Castelnau [Caliscelis] (CA)-86 histrionica (Stal) [Aphelonema] (CA)-84 histrionica var. giffardi Van Duzee [Aphelonema] (CA)-84 hochae (Wilson) [Elachodelphax] (DL)-115, 116 humeralis Walker [Elidiptera] (FT)-167 humilis (Say) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-94 humilis (Van Duzee) [Syndelphax] (DL)--145 hyalina Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-129 hyalina Beamer [Kelisia] (DL)-105 hyalinata Distant [Sikaiana] (DR)-155 hyalinus Van Duzee [Oliarus] (CI)-95 idonea (Beamer) [Toya] (DL)-16, 147, 213, 221, 229 immaculata (Kirkaldy) [Acanalonia] (AN)-76 immanis Breakey [Scolops] (DC)-158 impercepta Doering [Aphelonema] (CA)-84 impiger (Ball) [Haplaxius] (CI)-98 impunctata (Fitch) [Synecdoche] (AL)-83, 177, incerta (Van Duzee) [Javesella] (DL)M5, 119 incisa (Metcalf) [Cedusa] (DR)-150 inconspicuum Matsumura [Hysteropterum] (IS)-170 inconspicuus (Uhler) [Criomorphus] (DL)-16, 45, 111, 202, 215, 223 incurva Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-113 indella (Ball) [Juniperthia] (AL)-81, 183, 186 indentistyla Dozier [Delphacodes] (DL)-20, 113 indistincta (Crawford) [Elachodelphax] (DL)-116 inexacta (Walker) [Trtosfl] (DC)-26 inferior (Fowler) [Flatormenis] (FT)-28, 162 inflata (Ball) [Cedusa] (DR)-150 inflatus Metcalf [Megamelus] (DL)-123 infuscata (Stal) [Melormenis] (FT)-28, 163 iniquipennisW alker [Poeciloptera] (FT)-164 inornatumWeglarz & Bartlett [Akemetopon] (DL)-19, 109, 202, 215 insularis Distant [Opiconsiva] (DL)-142, 143 insularis Melichar [Pseudoflatoides] (FT)-28, 167 intermedia Uhler [Dyctidea] (TR)-174 interrupta Uhler [Vincentia] (CI)-89 invenusta Doering [Acanalonia] (AN)-76 irrorata (Van Duzee) [Synecdoche] (AL)-83 irroratus Swartz [Copicerus] (DL)-17, 104, 197, 200, 214, 222 irrutilo Hamilton [Kosswigianella] (DL)-121 jacintiensus Doering [Neaethus] (TR)-175 jacobseni Jensen-Haarup [Paraliburnia (DL)-132 jenniferae Kramer [Oecleus] (CI)-102 jocosa Stal [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-85 jocosa var. craniata Ball [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-85 jocosa var. obscura Ball [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-85 junceus Doering & Darby [Orgerius] (DC)-160 kedusa McAtee [Cedusa] (DR)-150, 230, 231, 232, 234 keidensia Doering [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-ll, 85 kendallae Wilson [Yukonodelphax] (DL)-22, 148 kieferi (Mead & Kramer) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-94 kilmani (Van Duzee) [Paraliburnia] (DL)-22, 132, 209, 219,227 kirbyii Fitch [Otiocerus] (DR)-154 kirkaldyi Ball [Anotia] (DR)-153 knulli Caldwell [Bothriocera] (CI)-88 knulli Caldwell [Cixius] (CI)-89 knullorum (Mead & Kramer) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-94 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 275 koebelei Osborn [Phyllodinus] (DL)-137 kolophon (Kirkaldy) [Sogatella] (DL)-16, 44, 143, 212, 221.228 kolophon atlantica Fennah [Sogatella] (DL)-143 kolophon insularis (Distant) [Sogatella] (DL)-143 kolophon meridiana (Beamer) [Sogatella] (DL)-143 kormusi (Crawford) [Eurysa] (DL)-20, 117, 203, 216 kotoshonis Matsumura [jamipax ] (DL)-135 krameri Tsaur [Cixius] (CI)-89 kuscheli Fennah [Delphacodes] (DL)-16 kyusyuensis (Masumura & Ishihara) [Sogatella] ' (DL)-142 lactofascius Morgan & Beamer [Pissonotus] (DL)-137 laevis Fowler [Haplaxius] (CI)-97 laminalis (Van Duzee) [Muellerianella] (DL)-126, 207, 218, 226 lappae Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-20, 113 lateralis (Van Duzee) [Delphacodes] (DL)-126 lateralis Stal [Pint alia] (CI)-103 laterana Metcalf [Delphacodes] (DL)-126 laticosta Doering [Acanalonia] (AN)-76 latidens Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-113 lautus (Metcalf) [Neomegamelanus] (DL)-128 lautus Van Duzee [Stenocranus] (DL)-16, 106, 107, 201, 214, 222 lecartus Hamilton [Paraliburnia] (DL)-132 leonilae O'Brien [Dictyssa] (TR)-35 lepida (Spinola) [Alaruasa] (FG)-169, 249, 250 lepidus Van Duzee [Cixius] (CI)-91 leptopus Fieber [Ranissus] (DC)-160 lineata Ball [Anotia] (DR)-153 lineata Perris [Delphax] (DL)-117 lineata Scudder [Laccocera] (DL)-122 lineatipes (Van Duzee) [Nothodelphax] (DL)-130 lineatocollis Fowler [Plectoderes] (AL)-81 lineatus Ball [Oecleus] (CI)-102 lingula (Van Duzee) [Rhynchomitra] (DC)-156 litoralis (Reuter) [Paradelphacodes] (DL)-23, 132, 209, 219. 227 littoralis (Ball) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-94 livida Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-21, 113 11a Wilson [Javesella] (DL)-119 lobatus (Caldwell) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-94 lobatus Beamer [Megamelus] (DL)-124 lochites Kramer [Stegocixius] (CI)-91, 194, 196 longicornis (Dozier) [Megamelus] (DL)-124 longipennis Spinola [/ssus] (IS)— 172 longistylata Penner [Pentagramma] (DL)-104 lophion (Kramer) [Haplaxius] (CI)-98 lophion alpha (Kramer) [Haplaxius] (CI)-99 lucidus Metcalf [Oliarus] (CI)-96 luellus (Metcalf) [Opsiplanon] (AL)-82, 182, 18Z lugens (Stal) [Nilaparvata] (DL)-2, 128 luizi Myers [Paroeclidius] (KI)-173 lunata Metcalf [Catonia] (AL)-80 lunatus (Van Duzee) [Haplaxius] (CI)-99 lunatus Beamer [Megamelus] (DL)-123 lurida Ball & Hartzell [Acinaca] (DC)-159, 236, 239, 242 lurida Melichar [Danepteryx] (TR)-173, 253, 255 luridus Breakey [Scolops] (DC)-158 lutea Beamer [Rotundifronta] (DL)-18, 141, 211, 220 luteivitta (Walker) [Delphacodes] (DL)-113 luteus Beamer [Muirodelphax] (DL)-45, 127 lutulenta (Van Duzee) [Kosswigianella] (DL)-16, 121 lutulentella (Muir & Giffard) [Javesella] (DL)-119 lutulentoides Beamer [Kosswigianella] (DL)-45, 121 lyra Kramer [Oecleus] (CI)-102 macleani Wilson [Kusnezoviella] (DL)-121, 205, 217 maculata (Melichar) [Picumna] (IS)-172 maculata (Van Duzee) [Cedusa] (DR)-150 maculata Ball [Dysimia] (DR)-151 maculata Caldwell [Bothriocera] (CI)-88 maculata Crawford [Bakerella] (DL)-109 maculata Muir [Dysimia] (DR)-151 maculatus Melichar [Issomorphus] (IS)-172 maculatus Melichar [Neaethus] (TR)-175 maculatus var. fasciatus Van Duzee [Neaethus] (TR)-175 maculifrons (Van Duzee) [Momar] (AL)-81, 186 maculosa Doering [Dictyssa] (TR)-174 maculosus Ball [Scolops] (DC)-158 maculosus Metcalf [Flatoidinus] (FT)-167 magna (Crawford) [Ribautodelphax] (DL)M5, 141 magnifrons (Crawford) [Eurybregma] (DL)-117, 203, 216 magnistyla (Crawford) [Pareuidella] (DL)-132 maidis (Ashmead) [Peregrinus] (DL)-16, 20, 133, 134, 210, 220. 227 maidis Fennah [Melanoliarus] (CI)-91 majuscula (Van Duzee) [Juniperthia] (AL)-81 mallochi McAtee [Cedusa] (DR)-150 manca Uhler [Danepteryx] (TR)-173 manitobiana (Beirne) [Cixidia] (AL)-78 marginata (Van Duzee) [Prokelisia] (DL)-17, 139, 140, 211.220,228 marginatus Van Duzee [Pissonotus] (DL)-135, 138 marginepunctata Melichar [Dictyssa] (TR)-174 marmoratus Spinola [Calyptoproctus] (FG)-31, 38, 168, 248, 250 marmoreus Stal [Issws] (IS)— 171 marshalli Scott [Liburnia] (DL)-125 martharum Kramer [Oecleus] (CI)-102 matanitu Kirkaldy [Delphax] (DL)-144 matisi Anufriev & Emeljanov [Kusnezoviella] (DL)-121 mazama Hamilton [Elachodelphax] (DL)-116 mcateei (Dozier) [Anotia] (DR)-153 mcateei (Dozier) [Omolicna] (DR)-24, 152 mcateei Muir & Giffard [Delphacodes] (DL)-21, 113 meadi Kennedy et al. [Muellerianella] (DL)-126 mediana Lawson [Fitchiella] (CA)-87 megadontus (Beamer) [Aethodelphax] (DL)-109, 180 melanosteptos Kennedy et al. [Meristopsis] (DL)-124 melanurus Van Duzee [Pissonotus] (DL)-138 melichari (Ball) [Fitchiella] (CA)-87 276 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES melichari Van Duzee [Cyarda] (FT)-165 merides Morgan & Beamer [Pissonotus] (DL)-138 meridiana Beamer [Sogata] (DL)-143 meridionalis Beirne [Cixius] (CI)-89 metcalfi Ball [Cyrpoptus] (FG)-169 metcalfi Flynn & Kramer [Cedusa] (DR)-150 metcalfi Kuznezov [Liburnia] (DL)-115 metzaria Crawford [ Megamelus ] (DL)-123 mexicana (Crawford) [ Liburnia ] (DL)-45, 146 microrhina (Walker) [Rhynchomitra] (DC)-27, 156, 236, 237 microrhina Walker [ Dictyophara ] (DC)-156 miniata Ball [ Yucanda ) (DC)-161 minima Metcalf [ Bruchomorpha ] (CA)-85 minor Ball [Orgerins] (DC)-160, 240. 242 minor Lawson [Fitchiella] (CA)-87 minuenda Ball [ Cedusa ] (DR)-150 minuta Beamer [Bakerella] (DL)-109 minuta Bunn [Aphelonema] (CA)-84 minuta Fabricius [ Fulgora ] (DL)-105 minuta McDermott [Tumidagena] (DL)-148, 198. 213. 221.229 minuta Osborn [Stobaera] (DL)-144 minuta Penner [ Laccocera ] (DL)-122 minutus Beamer [Pissonotus] (DL)-138 mira Van Duzee [Dictyssa] (TR)-174 miracula Ball [ Ticida ] (DC)-161, 240, 242 misella Stal [Poeocera] (FG)-169 misellus Van Duzee [Cixius] (CI)-90 mississippiensis (Dozier) [Paramysidia] (DR)-151, 232, 234 mojavensis (Ball) [Fiaplaxius] (CI)-99 molina (Fennah) [Sogatella] (DL)-16, 141, 143 mollicula Van Duzee [Acanalonia] (AN)-76 monilipennis Van Duzee [Oecleus] (CI)-102 monoceros Stal [Embolophora] (DL)-15 monroviana Doering [Dictyssa] (TR)-174, 254, 255 montana (Beamer) [Eurybregma] (DL)-117 montanus (Metcalf) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-94 montezumae (Muir & Giffard) [Isodelphax] (DL)-16, 45, 118 mormo Kirkaldy [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-85 morum Van Duzee [Hysteropterum] (IS)-172 muiri Caldwell [Nilaparvata] (DL)-128 rnuiri Kramer [Stobaera] (DL)-144 mulsanti Fieber [Delphax] (DL)-lll munda Beamer [Kusnezoviella] (DL)-45, 121, 225 muscotana Beamer [Bakerella] (DL)-110 musiva Germar [Myndus] (CI)-9 7, 101 mutata Melichar [Dictyssa] (TR)-174 nanus Van Duzee [Oeclidius] (KI)-34, 45, 173 narke Kramer [Cixius] (CI)-90 naso Doering [Thionia] (IS)— 1 72 nasuta Ball [Bostaera] (DL)-110, 202, 215, 223 nasuta Stal [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-86 natatorius Ball [Oecleus] (CI)-102 nava (Say) [Catonia] (AL)— 9, 45, 80 nava bifasciata Metcalf [Cafom'a] (AL)-9, 45, 80 nebris Fennah [Sogatella] (DL)-143 necopina (Van Duzee) [Synecdoche] (AL)-83 nemoralis (Van Duzee) [Synecdoche] (AL)-83 neocclusa (Muir & Giffard) [Nothodelphax] (DL)-130 neomaculata Caldwell [Cedusa] (DR)-150 neomexicanus Lawson & Beamer [Scolops] (DC)-158 neopropinqua Muir [Delphacodes] (DL)-125 neopusillus (Kramer) [Fiaplaxius] (CI)-99 nervata (Van Duzee) [Synecdoche] (AL)-83, 187 nervatus Van Duzee [Phyllodinus] (DL)-19, 135, 210, 220. 227 nervosus (Linnaeus) [Cixius] (CI)-89, 90 netrion Kramer [Oecleus] (CI)-102 netron Kramer [Oecleus] (CI)-102 nevadensis (Kramer) [Haplaxius] (CI)-99 nicatiei [missp.] (Dozier) [Phaciocephalus] (DR)-152 nicholi Ball [Scolops] (DC)-158 niger Morgan & Beamer [Pissonotus] (DL)-138 nigra (Crawford) [Toya] (DL)-148 nigrata Doering [Dyctidea] (TR)-175 nigravittus Caldwell [Oliarus] (CI)-95 nigriculus Morgan & Beamer [Pissonotus] (DL)-138 nigridorsum (Crawford) [Isodelphax] (DL)-16, 45, 118 nigridorsum Metcalf [Pissonotus] (DL)-16, 45, 114 nigrifacies Muir [Delphacodes] (DL)-16, 113 nigrifrons (Ball) [Haplaxius] (CI)-99 nigrigaster (Crawford) [Delphacodes] (DL)-16, 45, 141 nigrigenis Jacobi [Delphax] (DL)-142 nigrinota Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-113 nigripennata Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-113, 203, 216, 224 nigripennis (Crawford) [Delphacodes] (DL)-145 nigripennis (Crawford) [Syndelphax] (DL)-145 nigripennis Crawford [Stobaera] (DL)-144 nigripennis var. flavipennis (Caldwell) [Omolicna] (DR)-152 nigriscutellata (Beamer) [Caenodelphax] (DL)-110 nigriviridia Ball [Aphelonema] (CA)-84 nigrolineata Scott [Eurybregma] (DL)-117 nigronervosus Melichar [Neaethus] (TR)-175 nigropilosus Doering [Dictyonissus] (TR)-174 nigrosignata Stal [Alphina] (FG)-168 nike Kramer [Cixius] (CI)-90 nimbata Berg [Eiburnia] (DL)-104 nimbus Ball [Oeclidius] (KI)-173 nitens (Van Duzee) [Pissonotus] (DL)-138 nitens Muir & Giffard [Delphacodes] (DL)-16, 45, 114, 203. 216. 224 nitidula Kirschbaum [Delphax] (DL)-119 noctivida Linnaeus [Fulgora] (DC)-155 nodosa (Ball) [Timonidia] (DC)-161 nodosa Doering [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-85 nogalanus Ball [Oliarus] (CI)-94 nolinus (Ball) [Haplaxius] (CI)-13, 99 nolinus Ball & Klingenberg [Oecleus] (CI)-102 notula (Germar) [Megamelus] (DL)-123, 124 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 277 notulus flavus Crawford [ Megamelus ] (DL)-123 nubeculosus Stal [ Cyrpoptus ] (FG)-169 obesa (Ball) [ Deserta ] (DC)-159 obesa (Beamer) [Eurybregma] (DL)-117, 224 obesa Van Duzee [ Laccocera ] (DL)-122, 225 obliqua Ball [. Dictyssa ] (TR)-174 obliqua Metcalf [Elidiptera] (FT)-166 obrienae Wilson [Thionia] (IS)-172 obrieni O'Brien [ Oecleus ] (CI)-102 obscura (Ball) [Cedusa] (DR)-150 obscura (Ball) [Deserta] (DC)-159, 236, 239, 242 obscura Fabricius [Lystra] (FG)-168 obscura Uhler [ Dictyonia ] (TR)-174, 253, 255 obscura Van Duzee [ Aphelonema ] (CA)-12, 84 obscurella (Boheman) [Javesella] (DL)-119 obtusus Ball [Oecleus] (CI)-102 occidentalis (Muir) [Phrictopyga] (DL)-135, 210, 220, 227 occidentalis (Van Duzee) [Haplaxius] (CI)-99 occidentis (Walker) [Flatoidinus] (FT)-28, 166 occlusa (Van Duzee) [Nothodelphax] (DL)-131, 208, 219 ocellata Melichar [Thionia] (IS)-33 ocellata O'Brien [Synecdoche] (AL)-83 oculata Newman [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-ll, 86, 188, 189, 190 oculata var. nigrata Ball [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-86 oculata nasuta Stal [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-86 oculatus Crawford [Lepticus] (DL)-104 olor Kramer [Microledrida] (CI)-91, 193, 195 olseni Flynn & Kramer [Cedusa] (DR)-150 omani Doering [Thionia] (IS)-172 omani Kramer [Bothriocera] (CI)-88 opaca (Beamer) [Javesella] (DL)-16, 119 opaca (Say) [Cixidia] (AL)-77, 79 orbiculata Ball [Aphelonema] (CA)-84 oregonensis Penner [Laccocera] (DL)-122, 206, 217 orizicolus (Muir) [Tagosodes] (DL)-147, 213, 221 omata (Stal) [Liburniella] (DL)-20, 122, 197, 206, 218, 225 ornata Ball [Yucanda] (DC)-161 ornatifrons Fennah [Opsiplanon] (AL)-81 osborni (Van Duzee) [Delphacodes] (DL)-127 osborni Ball [Scolops] (DC)-158 ovata Ball [Dictyssa] (TR)-174 ovatipennis (Walker) [Picumna] (IS)-172 ovatus (Ball) [Haplaxius] (CI)-99, 179, 191 pacifica (Crawford) [Delphacodes] (DL)-22, 114 pajaronius Ball & Hartzell [Orgerius] (DC)-160 palaetus (Van Duzee) [Megamelus] (DL)-124 pallens Germar [Flata] (CI)-96 pallescens Distant [Sogata] (DL)-142 pallescens Germar [Phylloscelis] (DC)-26, 156 pallida (Say) [Cixidia] (AL)-79 pallida Bartlett [Scolopygos] (DL)-19, 141, 212, 221 pallida Osborn [Stobaera] (DL)-144, 212, 221 pallida Van Duzee [Cixidia] (AL)-78 pallidipes Stal [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-86 pallidivitta Fennah [Delphacodes] (DL)-146 pallidus Beamer [Stenocranus] (DL)-106 pallidus Caldwell [Haplaxius] (CI)-98 pallidus Uhler [Scolops] (DC)-157 pallidus var. punctata Lawson & Beamer [Scolops] (DC)-157 pallipes Van Duzee [Pissonotus] (DL)-137 palmarum Horvath [Asarcopus] (CA)-ll, 44, 87, 188, 189, 190 palton Kramer [Oecleus] (CI)-102 paludosa Flor [Delphax] (DL)-131 paludosus Morgan & Beamer [Pissonotus] (DL)-138 panda Fennah [Chloriona ( Sogatella )] (DL)-146 panimae Fowler [Acanalonia] (AN)-76 papagonus (Ball) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-94 papoosa Ball [Papagona] (CA)-87 paransera (Beamer) [Elachodelphax] (DL)-116 paraparvulus (Beamer) [Aethodelphax] (DL)-109 parva Doering [Acanalonia] (AN)-76 parvicurvata Beamer [Kelisia] (DL)-105 parvulus (Ball) [Muirodelphax] (DL)-127 patens Kirschbaum [Delphax] (DL)-119 patulus Kramer [Oecleus] (CI)-102 pauperata (Melichar) [Ormenoides] (FT)-45, 164 pectinata Beamer [Kelisia] (DL)-105 pediforma (Beamer) [Elachodelphax] (DL)-116 pediforma Beamer [Achorotile] (DL)-108 pediforma Beamer [Bakerella] (DL)-18, 110 pellucens Fowler [Oecleus] (CI)-102 pellucida (Fabricius) [Javesella] (DL)-118, 120, 198, 204, 217, 225 penedetecta Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-23, 114 penefusca Beamer [Bakerella] (DL)-110 peneluteus Beamer [Muirodelphax] (DL)-45, 127 peneparvula (Beamer) [Elachodelphax] (DL)M5, 116 penepuella Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-20, 114 penilautus McDermott [Neomegamelanus] (DL)-128 pennata Ball [Phylloscelis] (DC)-156 perdix Uhler [Scolops] (DC)-158 perlucidus Doering [Neaethus] (TR)-175 permutata Uhler [Dictyobia] (TR)-174 perpictus Van Duzee [Oecleus] (CI)-102 perrinei Caldwell [Haplaxius] (CI)-99 perusta Beamer [Kosswigianella] (DL)-45, 121 piceus (Van Duzee) [Pissonotus] (DL)-138 piceus Spooner [Pissonotus] (DL)-138 picta Van Duzee [Catonia] (AL)-80, 182, 183, 186 pictifrons (Stal) [Haplaxius] (CI)-99, 180 pictifrons Osborn [Delphacodes] (DL)-138 pigmy Ball & Klingenberg [Oecleus] (CI)-102 pima (Kirkaldy) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-94 pinanorum Anufriev [Pinodoxa] (DL)-126 pini Fitch [Cixius] (CI)-90, 191, 192, 195 pini Metcalf [Catonia] (AL)-80 pinturensis Doering [Deserta] (DC)-159 pinyonae Knull & Knull [Amycle] (FG)-167 piperatus Ball & Klingenberg [Oecleus] (CI)-102 278 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES placitus (Van Duzee) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-95, 177, 179. 191.192. 195 planata Ball [ Acanalonia ] (AN)-76 planus Ball & Klingenberg [Oecleus] (CI)-102 plenatra Beamer [ Isodelphax ] (DL)-16, 45, 118 plummeri Caldwell [ Cedusa ] (DR)-150 politum Weglarz & Bartlett [Akemetopon] (DL1-223 pontifex Kramer [Oecleus] (CI)-102 praecox (Van Duzee) [Cedusa] (DR)-149, 151 praecox Van Duzee [Cixius] (CI)-90 prairianus Bartlett & Hamilton [Aethodelphax] (DL)-108, 109, 202, 215. 222 privigna Emeljanov [Tyrphodelphax] (DL)-130 procrustes Kramer [Cixius] (CI)-90 prodotes Kramer [Cixius] (CI)-90 producta (Van Duzee) [ Juniperthia ] (AL)-81 producta Van Duzee [Thionia] (IS)-172 productus Metcalf [Oecleus] (CI)-102 productus Stal [Mycterodus] (AN)-77 prominens Tsaur [Cixius] (CI)-90 propinqua (Fieber) [Metadelphax] (DL)-16, 44, 124, 125, 147, 207. 218. 226 propinqua McDermott [Tumidagena] (DL)-148 propinqua neopropinqua (Muir) [Toya] (DL)-125 proprius Doering & Darby [Orgerius] (DC)-160 proxima (Walker) [Flatormenis] (FT)-29, 45, 162, 243, 246 proxima Fennah [Omolicna] (DR)-152 pruinosa (Say) [Metcalfa] (FT)-4, 28, 29, 163, 164, 243, 246 pruinosus Breakey [Scolops] (DC)-158 pseudomaculata Broomfield [Dysimia] (DR)-151, 232, 234 pseudonervata O'Brien [Synecdoche] (AL)-83 pseudoseminiger (Muir & Giffard) [Syndelphax] (DL)-145 psychodimorpha Bliven [Dictyonia] (TR)-174 psylloides Lethierry [Delphax] (DL)-133 pudicus (Stal) [Cyrpoptus] (FG)-168, 169 puella (Van Duzee) [Delphacodes] (DL)-22, 114, 203, 216, 224 puellis [sic] mexicanus Crawford [Megamelus] (DL)-146 pugnax Stal [Persis] (DR)-152 pulchellatus Ball & Klingenberg [Oecleus] (CI)-102 pumila (Van Duzee) [Acanalonia] (AN)-9, 76 pumila Van Duzee [Catonia] (AF)-81 punctatus (Walker) [Flatoidinus] (FT)-29, 45, 167, 245, 247 punctiferus (Walker) [Exortus] (IS)-170 pungens (Germar) [Scolops] (DC)-158 pusilla Emeljanov [Ribautodelphax] (DL)-141, 228 pusillus (Van Duzee) [Haplaxius] (Cl)— 99 pygmaeus (Ball) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-95 quadravitrea Doering [Dictyssa] (TR)-174 quadridentis Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-113 quadrilineatus Van Duzee [Oecleus] (CI)-102 quadripunctata Fabricius [Melormenis] (FT)-163 quadripustulatus (Van Duzee) [Pissonotus] (DL)-18, 139 quadrispinosa Muir & Giffard [Delphacodes] (DL)-113 quadrivitta Kato [Mushya] (CA)-83 quebecensis Beirne [Cixius] (CI)-90 quinquata Metcalf [Thionia] (IS)-172 quinquecostatus DuFour [Cixius] (CI)-97 quinquelineatus (Say) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-95 radicis (Osborn) [Haplaxius] (CI)-100, 192, 195 radiolus Bartlett [Pissonotus] (DF)-139 rakitovi Emeljanov [Ticida] (DC)-161 ramosus Beamer [Stenocranus] (DF)-106 raniformis Mulsant & Rey [Peltonotellus] (CA)-ll, 83 raptoria Ball [Deserta] (DC)-159 reaumurii Kirby [Otiocerus] (DR)-154 recurva (Metcalf) [Rhynchomitra] (DC)-156 recurvata Beamer [Delphacodes] (DF)-21, 23, 114, 197, 224 recurvatus Beamer [Megamelus] (DF)-123 reducta Ball [Orgamara] (DC)-159 redusa McAtee [Cedusa] (DR)-151 reineckei Van Duzee [Cyrpoptus] (FG)-31, 169 relicta (Fabricius) [Leptormenis] (FT)-28, 163, 246 resonans Ball [Mula] (DR)-155, 232. 234 retentus (Caldwell) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-95 reticulata Ball [Scolopsella] (FG)-168, 248, 250 reticulata Melichar [Misodema] (TR)-175, 254, 255 retrorsa Beamer [Kelisia] (DF)-105 rhamphis Kennedy et al. [Meristopsis] (DL)-124, 207, 218. 226 rhion Kramer [Oecleus] (CI)-102 rhyparus Stal [Orgerius] (DC)-160 rhyparus var. clitellus Ball & Hartzell [Orgerius] (DC)-160 rhyparus var. concordus Ball & Hartzell [Orgerius] (DC)-160 rhyparus var. pajaronius Ball & Hartzell [Orgerius] (DC)-160 rhyparus var. ventosus Ball & Hartzell [Orgerius] (DC)-161 ricanioides (Spinola) [Hesperophantia] (FT)-28, 162 rivularis (Germar) [Delphacodes] (DF)-16, 114 robertsonii (Fitch) [Fitchiella] (CA)-ll, 12, 87, 177 robertsonii Fitch [Anotia] (DR)-153, 230 robusta Doering [Danepteryx] (TR)-173 robustus Ball [Scolops] (DC)-158 rosa Metcalf [Aphelonema] (CA)-84 rosea Burmeister [Hynnis] (DR)-153 rosea Doering [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-86 roseicincta Walker [Poeciloptera] (FT)-166 rostrifer Butler [Issus] (AN)-77 rotulata Van Duzee [Pelitropis] (TR)-35, 36, 176, 256, 257 rotundata Crawford [Delphacodes] (DF)-127 rotundifrons Beamer [Bakerella] (DL)-110, 223 rubella (Van Duzee) [Synecdoche] (AL)-83 rubidus (Ball) [Haplaxius] (CI)-100 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 279 rubra Ball [Phylloscelis] (DC)-26, 157, 238 rubra var. nigra Ball [ Phylloscelis ] (DC)-157 rubrilatus Morgan & Beamer [Pissonotus] (DL)-139 rufifascia Walker [Ormenaria] (FT)-29, 30, 164, 244, 246 rufipes Lawson [. Fitchiella ] (CA)-87, 188, 189, 190 rufivittatus Ball [ Megamelanus ] (DL)-107 rugosa (Ball) [. Aphelonema ] (CA)-84, 188, 189, 190 rugosa Metcalf [ Bruchomorpha ] (CA)-86 rustica Fabricius [Flata] (IS)-169 sablensis (Caldwell) [ Melanoliarus ] (CI)-95 saccharicida Kirkaldy [Perkinsiella] (DL)-16, 18, 134, 135, 198, 210. 220. 227 saccharivora (Westwood) [ Saccharosydne ] (DL)-16, 17, 44, 107, 197,201,214,222 sagae Beamer [Falcotoya\ (DL)-45, 117, 204, 216 sagittanus Ball & Klingenberg [ Oecleus ] (CI)-102 sagittatus (Beamer) [ Aethodelphax ] (DL)-109 sailer i Beamer [ Delphacodes ] (DL)-120 salina (Ball) [Prokelisia] (DL)-139, 140 saltonia Ball [Acanalonia] (AN)-76 sandersoni Beamer [ Stenocranus ] (DL)-106 santaclara Myers [Cedusa] (DR)-150 santana Bliven [Epidanepteryx] (TR)-173 sapporona Matsumura [Unkana] (DL)-148 saucia (Van Duzee) [Flatormenis] (FT)-29, 45, 162, 178, 243. 246 saxatilis Van Duzee [Amycle] (FG)-168 sayi (Ball) [Sayiana] (DR)-155, 230, 231, 233. 235 scabrosa (Melichar) [Flataloides] (FT)-29, 166, 245, 247 schauinslandi Kirkaldy [ Phalainesthes ] (FT)-166 schellenbergii (Kirby) [Shellenius] (DR)-155, 230 schuhi O'Brien [Dictyssa] (TR)-174 scolochloa Cronin & Wilson [Delphacodes] (DL)-114 scutatus (Walker) [Paralixes] (IS)-171, 251, 252 sementinus (Ball) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-95 semicinctus Van Duzee [Liburnia] (DL)-120 seminiger Stal [Oecleus] (CI)-101 seminigra (Stal) [Delphacodes] (DL)-114 semivitrea (Provancher) [Dictyobia] (TR)-174, 253, 255 semivitreus Fowler [Neaethus] (TR)-175 septentrionalis (Provancher) [Cixidia] (AL)-79, 186 septentrionalis auct. (nec Spinola) [Anormenis] (FT)-29, 162 sepulchralis Ball [Hysteropteruni] [missp.] (IS)— 171 sepulcrale (Ball) [Kathleenum] (IS)-171 sequoiae (Bliven) [Danepteryx] (TR)-173 serrata Beamer [Nothodelphax] (DL)-45, 131 serrata Caldwell [Nilaparvata] (DL)-129 servillei Spinola [Acanalonia] (AN)-75, 77 servillei Spinola [/ssus] (IS)— 33 setifera (Walker) [Diacira] (DO-178 setigera Osborn [Prokelisia] (DL)-139, 140 severini Caldwell & DeLong [Hysteropterum] (IS)-32, 170 shawi Flynn & Kramer [Cedusa] (DR)-151 shermani (Metcalf) [Delphacodes] (DL)-115 shirozui Ishihara [Delphacodes] (DL)-125 shoshone (Ball) [Cixidia] (AL)-79 signata (Melichar) [Flataloides] (FT)-29, 45, 166 signata Van Duzee [Philatis] (AN)-8, 'll signoreti Stal [Bothriocera] (CI)-88 signoretii Fitch [Otiocerus] (DR)-24, 45, 154 silvae Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-115 silvatica Vilbaste [Unkanodes ( Chilodelphax )] (DL)-148 sima Doering & Shepherd [Mistharnophantia] (FT)-165 similis Crawford [Stenocranus] (DL)-17, 107, 179, 201, 214. 222 similis Doering [Acanalonia] (AN)-77 similis Doering [Neaethus] (TR)-175 similis Kirschbaum [Delphax] (DL)-119 simillima (Linnavuori) [Javesella] (DL)-120 simplex (Germar) [Thionia] (IS)-33, 173, 177, 179 simplex Uhler [Aphelonema] (CA)-12, 83, 84 simplex var. dorsata Ball [Aphelonema] (CA)-84 simplicia Distant [Pundaluoya] (DL)-133 sinehamatus Doering [Neaethus] (TR)-175, 254, 255 singula Walker [Jerala] (DL)-104 singularis Matsumura [Terauchiana] (DL)-107 sinuata Burmeister [Colpoptera] (IS)-169 siopa Kramer [Cedusa] (DR)-151 sirokata Matsumura & Ishihara [Sogata] (DL)-117 slossonae (Ball) [Haplaxius] (CI)-100 slossonae (Ball) [Nothodelphax] (DL)-131, 199 slossonae (Van Duzee) [Cixidia] (AL)-79 slossonae (Van Duzee) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-95 snowi Ball [Oecleus] (CI)-102 snowi Breakey [Scolops] (DC)-158 socorroensis Lawson & Beamer [Scolops] (DC)-158 solitaria Ball & Hartzell [Timonidia] (DC)-161, 241 solitaria Ball [Aphelonema] (CA)-85 sonoitus (Ball) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-95 sonorana Kirkaldy [Mistharnophantia] (FT)-165, 244, 247 sordida Fennah [Cyarda] (FT)-165 sordidula Stal [Delphax] (DL)-123 sordipennis (Stal) [Haplaxius] (CI)-99 sordulentus Uhler [Monorachis] (CI)-103, 193. 195 spartini (Osborn) [Neomegamelanus] (DL)-128 spatulata Beamer [Pareuidella] (DL)-132, 209, 219 spatulatus Bartlett [Pissonotus] (DL)-139 speciosus Metcalf [Pissonotus] (DL)-112 spicatus Doering & Darby [Orgerius] (DC)-160 spinata Caldwell [Pygospina] (DL)-140, 198, 211, 220, 228 spinifera Beamer [Bakerella] (DL)-110 spinosa Beamer [Kelisia] (DL)-105, 200, 214 sponsa (Guerin-Meneville) [Neurotmeta] (TR)-35, 36, 176, 256, 257 spooneri Morgan & Beamer [Pissonotus] (DL)-139 squamulosa (Fowler) [Flatormenis] (FT)-28, 162, 163 staminata (Metcalf) [Delphacodes] (DL)-115 stejnegeri (Ashmead) [Delphacodes] (DL)-120 stemmalis Burmeister [Caloscelis] (CA)-86 stigmatus (Say) [Cixius] (CI)-91 280 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES stollii Kirby [ Otiocerus ] (DR)-24, 45, 154, 233 stonei Breakey [Scolops] (DC)-158 stramineosa (Beamer) [ Yukonodelphax ] (DL)-149, 213. 221,229 striatella (Fallen) [ Laodelphax ] (DL)-16 striatella var. lateralis Fieber [ Liburnia ] (DL)-126 stricklandi Metcalf [Delphacodes] (DL)-115 striolus Osborn [ Pissonotus ] (DL)-117 stylata Beamer [Achorotile] (DL)-108, 202, 214 suavis Stal [Cyrpoptus] (FG)-168 subapplanta Emeljanov [Ticida] (DC)-161 subarctica Scudder [Achorotile] (DL)-108 subfusca Muir [Delphacodes] (DL)-125 submaculata Schmidt [Itzalana] (FG)-31, 169, 249, 250 subreflexus Van Duzee [Oecleus] (CI)-102 subrotunda Fowler [Cyclumna] (IS)-172 succinea (Van Duzee) [ Juniperthia ] (AL)-81 succinea Ball [Papagona] (CA)-87, 188, 189, 190 sucinea Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-22, 115 sulcipes (Say) [Scolops] (DC)-157, 158, 238 suturalis Melichar [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-86 sylvaticus (Caldwell) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-95 tabida Spinola [Monopsis] (TR)-35, 36, 176 tamiamus Ball & Klingenberg [Oecleus] (CI)-103 tandojamensis Qadri & Mirza [Sogata] ( nomen nudum ) (DL)-142 tanneri Ball [Scolops] (DC)-158 tateyamaella Matsumura [Unkana] (DL)-147 teapae (Fowler) [Caenodelphax] (DL)-23, 110, 111, 202, 215, 223 teapae albinotatus Crawford [Megamelus] (DL)-133 tedusa McAtee [Cedusa] (DR)-150 tenebrosa Doering [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-86 terminalis (Metcalf) [Tumidagena] (DL)-148 terminalis Crawford 1914 [Megamelus] (DL)-126 terminalis Van Duzee [Liburnia] (DL)-125 tessellatus (Ball) [Pissonotus] (DL)-18, 135, 139 tex Kramer [Bothriocera] (CI)-88 texana (Caldwell) [Omolicna] (DR)-152, 179, 231, 232, 234 texana O'Brien [Catonia] (AL)-81 texana O'Brien [Dyctidea] (TR)-175 texana Oman [Poblicia] (FG)-169 texanus (Metcalf) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-93, 96 texanus Ball [Oecleus] (CI)-102 texanus Lawson & Beamer [Scolops] (DC)-159 texensis (Kramer) [Haplaxius] (CI)-100 teximus (Caldwell) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-96 thoracica Distant [Sogata] (DL)-117 thoracicus Guerin-Meneville [Holotus] (DL)-104 tinealis Burmeister [Bothriocera] (CI)-87, 88 tinealis floridana Dozier [Bothriocera] (CI)-88 tinealis zuestivoodi (Stal) [Bothriocera] (CI)-88 toddi Beamer [Megamelus] (DL)-123 tontonus Ball [Oliaronus] (CI)-96, 193, 196 torquata Beamer [Kelisia] (DL)-105 tortrix (Guerin-Meneville 1856) [Pseudo flatoides] (FT)-28, 167, 245, 24Z tortrix Guerin-Meneville 1844 [Flatoides] (FT)-166 tortrix insularis (Melichar) [Pseudoflatoides] (FT)-167 torttix (Guerin-Meneville 1856) [Flatoides] [missp.] (FT)-167 transbaicalica Kusnezov [Achorotile] (DL)-108 transversa (Van Duzee) [Ticida] (DC)-161 transversa Caldwell [Bothriocera] (CI)-88 transversa Van Duzee [Dictyssa] (TR)-174 transversalis Melichar [Thionia] (IS)-33 transversus Ball [Oeclidius] (KI)-173 tricarinata (Say) [Stobaera] (DL)-144, 228 tricarinata Provancher [Embolonia] (CA)-85 tricolor (Gerstaecker) [Alaruasa] (FG)-169 tricolor O'Brien [Synecdoche] (AL)-83 trifidus Beamer [Megamelus] (DL)-123 triloba (Metcalf) [Pareuidella] (DL)-133 trimaculata Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-22, 115, 203, 216.224 triplicatus Ball & Klingenberg [Oecleus] (CI)-101 triquetrus Doering & Darby [Orgerius] (DC)-160 tristis Stal [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-86 triunata Ball [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-86 troxanon Kramer [Oecleus] (CI)-103 truncata Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-22, 115 truncatus (Metcalf) [Haplaxius] (CI)-100 truncatus (Van Duzee) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-96 tshaunica (Anufriev) [Nothodelphax] (DL)-131 tuberculata (Van Duzee) [Philatis] (AN)-8, 77, 181. 182 tuckeri Van Duzee [Liburnia] (DL)-125 tumacacoriae Knull & Knull [Amycle] (FG)-168, 248, 250 tumidus Morgan & Beamer [Pissonotus] (DL)-139 turcafa Kramer [Bothriocera] (CI)-88 turgida Beamer [Delphacodes] (DL)-21, 115 uhleri (Ball) [Omolicna] (DR)-24, 152 uhleri (Van Duzee) [Anotia] (DR)-153, 233. 235 uhleri Ball [Scolops] (DC)-159 uhleri Doering [Dyctidea] (TR)-175 uhleri marginatus Ball [Scolops] (DC)-159 uhleri Muir & Giffard [Delphacodes] (DL)-144 umbrata Emeljanov [Nothodelphax] (DL)-131 umbrosus Walley [Cixius] (CI)-90 una (Ball) [Balduza] (IS)-170, 251, 252 uncatus (Caldwell) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-96 uncus Metcalf [Megamelus] (DL)-122 unda (Metcalf) [Muirodelphax] (DL)-127 undata (Fabricius) [Bothriocera] (CI)-88 ungulatus Beamer [Megamelus] (DL)-124 unicolor Herrich-Schaffer [Delphax] (DL)-141 unicolor Walker [Delphacodes] (DL)-115 unicolor Walker [Delphax] (DL)-16, 115 unicus Doering [Neaethus] (TR)-175 uniformis Doering [Neaethus] (TR)-175 uniformis Metcalf [Delphacodes] (DL)-15, 16, 115 BARTLETT, O’BRIEN & WILSON 281 unimaculata (O'Brien) [Juniper thia] (AL)-81 unipunctata Van Duzee [. Nymphocixia ] (Cl)-101, 191, 193. 195 unipunctatus (Provancher) [Stenocranus] (DL)-106, 107 unipunctatus Beamer [Stenocranus] (DL)-107 unita Hamilton [ Elachodelphax ] (DL)-116 ustulata (Uhler) [Tylanira] (IS)-32, 172 vaccina Caldwell [ Delphacodes ] (DL)-115 valida Doering [ Dyctidea ] (TR)-175 vanduzeei (Crawford) [Delphacodes] (DL)-112 vanduzeei Ball [Cyrpoptus] (FG)-169, 178. 248, 250 vanduzeei Ball [Scolops] [missp.] (DC)-159 vanduzeei Flynn & Kramer [Cedusa] (DR)-151 vanduzeei Muir & Giffard [Euides] (DL)-133 vanduzeei Muir [Nymphocixia] (CI)-101 vanduzeei Penner [Laccocera] (DL)-122 vanduzeei var.floridensis Caldwell [Nymphocixia] (CI)-101 vanduzei Ball [Patara] (DR)-155, 231, 233, 234 vanduzei Ball [Scolops] (DC)-159 vandykei Van Duzee [Cixius] (CI)-91 varia Doering [Dictyobia] (TR)-174 varians Stal [Picumna] (IS)-172 variegata (Van Duzee) [Cixidia] (AL)-80 variegata Penner [Pentagramma] (DL)-104 variegata Van Duzee [Dyctidea] (TR)-175 variegatus Spooner [Pissonotus] (DL)-139 vates Kramer [Oecleus] (CI)-103 venosus Van Duzee [Oecleus] (CI)-103 ventosus Ball & Hartzell [Orgerius] (DC)-161 venusta (Beamer) [Nothodelphax] (DL)-131 venusta (Melichar) [Ormenoides] (FT)-29, 45, 164, 244, 246 vemalis Manee [Amycle] (FG)-31, 168 versa Beamer [Kelisoidea] (DL)-20, 120, 204, 217, 225 vesiculata Beamer [Kelisia] (DL)-105, 200, 214 vibex Kramer [Pintalia] (CI)-103, 194, 196 vicarius (Walker) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-96 viequensis (Caldwell) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-96 virescens Ball [Scolops] (DC)-159 virescens Stal [Acanalonia] (AN)-77 virescens var. salsus Ball [Scolops] (DC)-159 virgata Doering [Aphelonema] (CA)-84 viridicatus (Ball) [Haplaxius] (CI)-100 viridis (Ball) [Haplaxius] (CI)-100 viridis Ball [Scolops] (DC)-159 viridis Dozier [Aphelonema] (CA)-85 viridis Walker [Monopsis] (TR)-176 viridis Walker [Tangia] (TR1-180 vitiensis Kirkaldy [Phaciocephalus] (DR)-152 vitreus Metcalf [Oliarus] (CI)-96 vitripenne Stal [Hysteropterum] (TR)-175 vitripennis (Stal) [Neaethus] (TR)-175 vittata Metcalf [Bruchomorpha] (CA)-86 vittatifrons (Uhler) [Pentagramma] (DL)-104, 200, 214, 222 vittatus (Stal) [Stenocranus] (DL)-106, 107 vittatus Metcalf [Oliarus] (CI)-93 vittipennis Van Duzee [Laccocera] (DL)-121, 122, 205, 217 vivida Fabricius [Cicada] (AN)-75 vulgaris (Fitch) [Cedusa] (DR)-150, 151 vulgaris Broomfield [Paramysidia] (DR)-230 waldeni (Metcalf) [Delphacodes] (DL)-22, 115 walkeri Metcalf [Cyarda] (FT)-165 walkeri Stal [Cixius] (CI)-91 wallacei (Muir & Giffard) [Tagosodes] (DL)-16, 45, 147 wasatchi Hamilton [Kosswigianella] (DL) weedi (Van Duzee) [Pareuidella] (DL)-133 westwoodi (Stal) [Bothriocera] (CI)-87, 88 westwoodii Fitch [Anotia] (DR)-153, 177, 231. 233, 235 wetmorei (Muir & Giffard) [Metadelphax] (DL)-126 wheeleri (Wilson) [Haplaxius] (CI)-100 widisca Kramer [Cedusa] (DR)-151 wilhelmi Anufriev & Averkin [Criomorphus] (DL)-16, 45, 111 winthemi Germar [Cobax] (DR)-154 wolcotti Muir & Giffard [Nilaparvata] (DL)-129, 208, 219. 226 wolfei [missp.] Kirby [Otiocerus] (DR)-154 wolfii Kirby [Otiocerus] (DR)-154 wolfii var. nubilus McAtee [Otiocerus] (DR)-154 woodsholensis Flynn & Kramer [Cedusa] (DR)-151 woodworthi (Van Duzee) [Cixidia] (AL)-80 xenga Kramer [Cedusa] (DR)-151 xerosa Caldwell [Delphacodes] (DL)-113 xyron (Kramer) [Haplaxius] (CI)-100 yavapanus (Ball) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-96 yuccandus (Ball) [Haplaxius] (CI)-100 yufengi Tsaur [Cixius] (CI)-91 yumana Ball [Ormenis] (FT)-29, 45, 162 zaxoza Kramer [Cedusa] (DR)-151 zonata Van Duzee [Laccocera] (DL)-122 zonata var .flava Crawford [Laccocera] (DL)-122 zyxus (Caldwell) [Melanoliarus] (CI)-96 Index of Genera and Higher Groups of Planthoppers Names in bold are valid names listed in the Appendix, names in italics are synonyms, names in reg- ular typeface are mentioned only in the text or other contexts. Genera occurring in the Appendix only in context of species synonymy are not included. Bold page numbers indicate primary entries in the Appendix, underlined page numbers indicate figures, page numbers in regular typeface indicate men- tions in the text. The codens in parentheses following names indicate family placement as follows: AN = Acanaloniidae; AL = Achilidae; CA = Caliscelidae; CI= Cixiidae; DL = Delphacidae; DR = Derbidae; DC = Dictyopharidae; FT = Flatidae; FG = Fulgoridae; IS = Issidae; KI = Kinnaridae; LO = Lophopidae; TR = Tropiduchidae. Abolloptera Gnezdilov & O'Brien (IS)-32, 34, 170, 251. 252 Acanalonia Spinola (AN)-8-9, 40, 44, 45, 75, 177, 179, 181, 182 ACANALONIIDAE-2, 7, 8-9, 32, 35, 37, 40, 42, 44, 45, 75, 177. 179. 181. 182. 260 ACANALONIINAE Amyot & Serville-8, 75 ACANALONIINI Amyot & Serville-75 Acanonia Amyot & Serville (AN)-75 Acanthodelphax LeQuesne (DL)-19, 120 ACHILIDAE-2, 3, 4, 8, 9-10, 37, 40, 42, 44, 45, 77, 177. 180. 182-187. 260 ACHILINAE Stal-9, 77 ACHILINI Stal-9-10, 77 ACHILIXIIDAE-2, 6, 9 Achorotile Fieber (DL)-18, 40, 108, 202, 214, 222 Acinaca Ball & Hartzell (DC)-26, 27, 159, 236. 239. 242 Adana Stal (CI)-87 ADENISSINI Dlabola (CA)-ll Aethodelphax Bartlett & Hamilton (DL)-23, 40, 108, 180. 202. 215. 222 AGALMATIINA Gnezdilov (IS)-169 Agalmatium Emeljanov (IS)-32, 33, 34, 44, 170, 251, 252 Akemetopon Weglarz & Bartlett (DL)-19, 40, 45, 109, 202. 215. 223 Alaruasa Distant (FG)-31, 32, 169, 249, 250 Alphina Stal (FG)-31, 38, 168 Amalopota Van Duzee (DR)-153 Amphiscepa Glover (AN)-75 Amycle Stal (FG)-31, 167, 248, 250 AMYCLINAE Metcalf (FG)-167 AMYCLINI Metcalf (FG)-167 Anapersis Fennah (DR)-152 Anormenis Melichar (FT)-29 Anotia Kirby (DR)-25, 153, 17Z, 230, 231, 233, 235 Antillormenis Fennah (FT)-28, 30, 162, 243, 246 Apache Kirkaldy (DR)-24, 25, 153, 23L 233, 235 APATESONINAE Metcalf (AL)-9 Aphelonema Uhler (CA)-ll, 12, 40, 83-84, 177, 188,. 189, 190 Aridia Ball & Hartzell (DC)-27, 159, 161, 236, 239, 242 Asarcopus Horvath (CA)-ll, 12, 44, 87, 188, 189, 190 Aschedelphax Wilson (DL)-115 ASIRACINAE Fieber (DL)-15, 17, 104, 200. 214. 222 ASIRACINI Fieber (DL)-15, 104, 200, 214, 222 Asotocixius Kramer (Cl)— 13, 14, 88, 192, 195 Atracis Stal (FT)-29 AUGILINI Baker (CA)-ll Bakerella Crawford (DL)-18, 19, 40, 109, 202. 215. 223 Balduza Gnezdilov & O'Brien (IS)— 32, 34, 170, 251, 252 Belonocharis Uhler (DC)-157 Bergia Scott (DL)-104 Bergias Kirkaldy (DF)-104 BFADININI Kirkaldy (TR)-32, 35 Bostaera Ball (DL)-18, 40, 110, 202. 215. 223 Bothriocera Burmeister (CI)-3, 13, 14, 40, 87, 177, 191. 192. 195 BOTHRIOCERINAE Muir (CI)-87 BOTHRIOCERINI Muir (CI)-87 Bruchomorpha Newman (CA)-ll, 12, 40, 85, 188, 189. 190 Caenodelphax Fennah (DF)-15, 23, 110, 202, 215. 223 CALISCELIDAE-2, 7, 11-12, 32, 35, 37, 40, 42, 44, 83, 177. 188-190. 261 CALISCELINAE Amyot & Serville-11, 32, 83 CALISCELINI Amyot & Serville-11, 83 Caliscelis Faporte de Castelnau (CA)-ll, 12, 44, 86, 188. 189. 190 Caloscelis Burmeister (CA)-86 Calyptoproctina Metcalf (FG)-168 Calyptoproctus Spinola (FG)-31, 38, 168, 248, 250 Carthaea Stal (FT)-162 Carthaeella Strand (FT)-162 Catonia Uhler (AL)-9, 10, 45, 80. 182. 183. 184. 186 Cedusa Fowler (DR)-24, 25, 41, 149, 230.231.232.234 CEDUSINAE Emeljanov (DR)-24, 149 CEDUSINI Emeljanov (DR)-24, 149 CENCHREINI Muir (DR)-24, 41, 149, 151 Chilodelphax Vilbaste (DL)-148 Chionomus Fennah (DL)-22, 111, 202, 215, 223 Chloriona Fieber (DL)-141 Chlorochara Stal (AN)-75 Ciocixius Metcalf (Cl)— 103 284 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Cixidia Fieber (AL)-9, 10, 40, 77, 186 CIXIIDAE-2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 12-14, 15, 34, 37, 40, 42, 44, 87, 1ZZ, 1Z9, m 191-196, 261 CIXIINAE Spinola-88 CIXIINI Spinola-88 Cixius Latreille (CI)-13, 14, 40, 89, 191.192.195 Cobax Germar (DR)-154 Cochise Kirkaldy (DL)-110 Codex Hamilton (DL)-15, 106 COLEOSCYTIDAE-2 COLEOSCYTOIDEA-2 Colpoptera Burmeister (IS)-32, 33, 44, 169 COLPOPTERINI Gnezdilov (IS)-33, 169 Conomelus Fieber (DL)-17, 18, 44, 111, 202, 215, 223 Copicerus Swartz (DL)-7, 17, 104, 19Z, 200. 214. 222 Cotyleceps Uhler (CI)-103 Criochora Anufriev & Emeljanov (DL)-108 Criomorphus Curtis (DL)-16, 18, 45, 111, 202, 215, 223 CyardaWalker (FT)-28, 29, 164, 244, 246 Cyclumna Fowler (IS)-172 Cyrpoptus Stal (FG)-31, 32, 41, 168, 178. 248. 250 Danepteryx Uhler (TR)-35, 36, 41, 173, 253, 255 DELPHACIDAE-1, 2, 4, 7, 12, 13, 15-23, 37, 40, 42, 44, 45, 104, 179, 180, 197-229. 262 DELPHACINAE Leach-15, 17, 107, 201, 214-229 DELPHACINI Leach-15, 18, 108, 214-229 Delphacinoides Vilbaste (DL)-126 Delphacodes Fieber (DL)-15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 38, 40, 45, 111, 197. 202. 203. 215. 216. 223. 224 Delphax Fabricius (DL)-5, 16, 39 DERBIDAE-2, 3, 7, 8, 24-26, 37, 41, 42, 44, 45, 149, YTL 178. 179. 230-235. 262 DERBINAE Spinola-151 DERBINI Spinola-24, 41, 151 Deserta Ball & Hartzell (DC)-26, 27, 159, 236. 239. 242 Diacera Walker (DO-178 Dictydea Uhler [missp.] (TR)-174 Dictyobia Uhler (TR)-36, 41, 174, 253, 255 Dictyonia Uhler (TR)-36, 174, 253. 255 Dictyonissus Uhler (TR)-36, 41, 174, 253, 255 DICTYOPHARIDAE-2, 8, 26-27, 30, 31, 37, 41, 42, 44, 155, 177, 178, 236-242. 263 DICTYOPHARINAE Spinola-26, 27, 155, 237-238 Dictyssa Melichar (TR)-35, 36, 41, 174, 254, 255 Dictyssonia Ball (TR)-35, 36, 173, 253, 255 Dyctidea Uhler (TR)-36, 41, 174, 254, 2 55 Dysimia Muir (DR)-24, 26, 151, 230, 232, 234 Elachodelphax Vilbaste (DL)-15, 21, 45, 115, 203, 216/ 224 ELIDIPTERINI Fennah (AL)-77 Elymodelphax Wagner (DL)-148 Embolonia Provancher (CA)-85 Embolophora Stal (DL)-15 Entithena Fieber (CI)-101 Epidanepteryx Bliven (TR)-173 Epiptera Metcalf (AL)-10, 40, 77 Euidella Puton (DL)-116 Euides Fieber (DL)-15, 16, 23, 45, 116, 203, 216, 224 Euklastus Metcalf (DR)-155 EURYBRACHIDAE-2, 6 Eurybregma Scott (DL)-15, 20, 38, 117, 203, 216. 224 Eurysa Fieber (DL)-15, 20, 38, 40, 117, 203, 216 Euthiscia Van Duzee (AN)-8, 9, 32, 35, 77, Exortus Gnezdilov (IS)-32, 34, 170, 251, 252 Falcotoya Fennah (DL)-22, 45, 117, 204, 216, 224 Fitchiella Van Duzee (CA)-ll, 12, 40, 87, 177, 188 , 189, 190 Flataloides Metcalf (FT)-28, 29, 30, 45, 166, 245, 247 FLATIDAE-2, 7, 8, 28-30, 37, 41, 42, 44, 45, 162, 178. 243-247. 263 FLATINAE Spinola (FT)-29, 162, 246, 24Z FLATINI Spinola (FT)-29, 162, 246 Flatoides Guerin-Meneville (FT)-28, 29, 30, 45, 166, 245. 247 FLATOIDINAE Melichar-7, 28, 29, 166, 247 FLATOIDINI Melichar-166, 24Z Flatoidinus Melichar (FT)-28, 29, 30, 45, 166, 245, 247 Flatormenis Melichar (FT)-28, 29, 30, 45, 162, 178, 243, 246 FULGORIDAE-2, 4, 7, 26, 28, 30-32, 37, 38, 41, 42, 44, 167, 178, 248-250. 264 FULGOROIDEA-2, 4, 8, 13 FULGOROMORPHA-2, 3 GAETULIINA Fennah (TR)-32, 35 GAETULIINI Fennah (TR)-7, 8, 11, 12, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 41, 42, 173, 253-255. 266 Galapagosana Distant (AN)-77 Gelastophantia Kirkaldy (FT)-164 GENGIDAE-6 Goniolcium Fowler (DL)-144 Haplaxius Fowler (CI)-13, 14, 40, 97, 179, 180. 191, 192, 195 Harmalia Fennah (DL)-17, 21, 44, 117, 204, 217, 224 Heicophora Emeljanov (DC)-161 Hemisphaeriinae Melichar (IS)— 2 Hesperophantia Kirkaldy (FT)-28, 29, 162 Hesperophara Kirkaldy (IS)— 169 Hesticus Walker (LO)-2 Himeunkci Matsumura & Ishihara (DL)-147 Holotus Guerin-Meneville (DL)-104 Hynnis Burmeister (DR)-153 HYPOCHTHONELLIDAE-2, 6 HYSTEROPTERINA Melichar (IS)-170 Hysteropterum Amyot & Serville (IS)— 32, 33, 41 IDIOSYSTANINI Emeljanov (DL)-104, 200. 214. 222 Iguvium Distant (DR)-155 Isodelphax Fennah (DL)-16, 22, 45, 117, 204, 217, 225 ISSIDAE-2, 7, 8, 11, 32-34, 35, 37, 41, 42, 44, 45, 169, 177, 179. 180. 251-252. 264 ISSINAE Spinola-12, 33, 169 ISSINI Spinola-32, 169 Issomorphus Melichar (IS)— 172 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 285 Issovarcia Bliven (TR)-175 Issus Fabricius (IS)-33 Itzalana Distant (FG)-31, 32, 169, 249, 250 jamipax Matsumura (DL)-135 Javesella Fennah (DL)-15, 16, 22, 38, 45, 118, 198, 204. 217. 225 Jerala Walker (DL)-104 juniperia O'Brien (AL)-81 Juniperthia O'Brien (AL)-9, 10, 81, 183. 186 Kalpa Distant (DL)-128 Kathleenum Gnezdilov (IS)-32, 34, 170, 180, 251, 252 Kelisia Fieber (DL)-17, 40, 104, 197, 198, 200, 214 , 222 Kelisicranus Bartlett (DL)-17, 105, 201, 214, 222 KELISIINAE Wagner (DL)-15, 17, 104, 198. 200, 214. 222 KELISIINI Wagner (DL)-104 Kelisoidea Beamer (DL)-20, 120, 204, 217, 225 Ketumala Distant (FT)-28, 29, 163 Keyflana Beamer (DL)-20, 120, 205, 217, 225 KINNARIDAE-2, 3, 8, 9, 34-35, 37, 41, 42, 44, 45, 173, 179, 180. 256. 257. 265 KINNARINAE Muir (KI)-173 Kormus Fieber (DL)-15, 20, 38, 120, 205, 217 Kosswigianella Wagner (DL)-15, 16, 19, 22, 45, 120, 126, 205. 217. 225 Kusnezoviella Vilbaste (DL)-15, 23, 45, 121, 205, 217, 225 Kivonianella Anufriev (DL)-148 Laccocera Van Duzee (DL)-18, 40, 121, 205, 206, 217, 225 Laodelphax Fennah (DL)-16 Lepticus Crawford (DL)-104 Leptophara Stal (IS)-169 Leptormenis Melichar (FT)-28, 29, 163, 246 Liburnia Stal (DL)-15, 45 Libumiella Crawford (DL)-20, 122, 197, 206, 218, 225 Lomagenes Fennah (KI)-180 Lombokia Distant (FT)-166 LOPHOPIDAE-2, 6 Loxophora Van Duzee (DC)-161 Macrotomella Van Duzee (DL)-18, 122, 206, 218, 225 MEENOPLIDAE-2, 4, 6 Megadelphax Wagner (DL)-15, 23, 123, 206, 218, 225 Megamelanus Ball (DL)-19, 40, 123, 206, 218, 226 Megamelus Fieber (DL)-16, 19, 40, 123, 197, 207, 218, 226 Mejonosoma Costa (CA)-86 Melanoliarus Fennah (CI)-13, 14, 40, 91, 177, 179, 191, 192, 195 Melormenis Metcalf (FT)-28, 30, 44, 163, 191, 243, 246 Meristopsis Kennedy et al. (DL)-15, 23, 124, 2.07, 218, 226 Mesodema Melichar [missp.] (TR)-175 Metabrixia Fowler (CI)-103 Metadelphax Wagner (DL)-16, 21, 40, 44, 124, 147, 20Z, 218,226 Metcalfa Caldwell (FT)-4, 28, 29, 30, 163, 243, 246 Metcracis Medler (FT)-28, 29, 30, 45, 167, 245, 247 Micrixia Fowler (KI)-34 Microledrida Fowler (CI)-13, 14, 91, 193, 195 Misodema Melichar (TR)-32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 175, 254, 255 Mistharnophantia Kirkaldy (FT)-28, 29, 41, 165, 244, 247 Mitrops Fennah (DC)-26, 27, 155, 237 Momar Fennah (AL)-10, 81, 186 Monopsis Spinola (TR)-35, 36, 176 Monorachis Uhler (CI)-13, 14, 103, 193, 195 Muellerianella Wagner (DL)-16, 21, 45, 126, 20Z, 218, 226 Muirodelphax Wagner (DL)-22, 45, 126, 208, 219, 226 Mula Ball (DR)-25, 155, 232, 234 Mushya Kato (CA)-83 MYCONINI Fennah (AL)-9, 10, 77, MYNDINI Muir (CI)-97 Myndus Stal (CI)-13, 40, 97, 101 Mysidia Westwood (DB)-151 MYSIDI1N1 Broomfield (DR)-24, 41, 151 Naso Fitch (CA)-8 7 Neaethus Stal (TR)-36, 41, 175, 254, 255 Nenema Emeljanov (CA)-84 Neocenchrea Metcalf (DR)-25, 151, 231, 232, 234 Neomegamelanus McDermott (DL)-18, 19, 40, 128, 198, 208, 219. 226 NEPHESINI Melichar (FT)-29, 162, 246 Nersia Stal (DC)-26, 27, 156, 236, 23Z NERSIINI Emeljanov (DC)-155 Neurotmeta Guerin-Meneville (TR)-35, 36, 176, 256. 257 Nilaparvata Distant (DL)-2, 16, 20, 40, 128, 197, 208, 219. 226 Nivcentia Flolzinger (CI)-89 NOGODINIDAE-2, 6, 8, 32, 35 Nothodelphax Fennah (DL)-15, 20, 22, 38, 45, 129, 199, 208. 219. 226 Nymphocixia Van Duzee (CI)-13, 14, 101, 191, 193, 195 Obtusicranus Bartlett (DL)-17, 105, 179, 198, 201, 214, 222 OECLEINI Muir (CI)-97 Oecleus Stal (CI)-13, 14, 40, 101, 191. 193. 196 OECLIDIINI Emeljanov (KI)-34, 173 Oeclidius Van Duzee (KI)-8, 34, 41, 45, 173, 256, 257 Oliaronus Ball (Cl)— 13, 14, 96, 193, 196 Oliarus Stal (CI)-13, 14, 40, 91 OMMATIDIOTINI Fieber (CA)-ll, 87 Omolicna Fennah (DR)-24, 25, 152, 178, 179, 230, 231, 232, 234 Opsigonus Emeljanov (DC)-160, 240, 242 Opsiplanon Fennah (AL)-9, 10, 81, 182, 184, 187 Orgamara Ball (DC)-27, 159, 239, 242 ORGERIINAE Fieber (DC)-8, 26, 27, 41, 159, 239-242 ORGERIINI Fieber (DC)-159 286 PLANTHOPPERS OF THE UNITED STATES Orgerius Stal (DC)-26, 27, 41, 160, 236. 240, 242 Ormenaria Fennah (FT)-28, 29, 30, 45, 164, 244/ 246 Ormenis Stal (FT)-28, 29, 45 Ormenoides Melichar (FT)-29, 30, 45, 164, 244/ 246 Ornithissus Fowler (DC)-157 Osbornia Ball (TR)-7, 11, 12, 35, 36, 41, 175, 254, 255 OTIOCERINAE Muir (DR)-24, 153 OTIOCERINI Muir (DR)-153 Otiocerus Kirby (DR)-24, 25, 45, 154, 231, 233, 235 Papagona Ball (CA)-ll, 12, 87, 188. 189. 190 Paracorbulo Tian & Ding (DL)-117 Paradascalia Metcalf (FT)-28, 29, 165, 245, 24Z Paradelphacodes Wagner (DL)-15, 23, 131, 209. 219, 227 Paraliburnia Jensen-Haarup (DL)-15, 22, 38, 132, 209, 219. 227 Paralixes Caldwell (IS)-32, 33, 34, 35, 171, 25L 252 Paramyndus Fennah (CI)-97 Paramysidia Broomfield (DR)-24, 26, 151, 230, 232, 234 Parasalurnis Distant (FT)-166 Pareuidella Beamer (DL)-15, 20, 40, 132, 209. 219. 227 Parkana Beamer (DL)-19, 133, 209, 219, 227 Paroeclidius Myers (KI)-173 Patara Westwood (DR)-24, 25, 44, 155, 231, 233, 234 PATARINI Emeljanov (DR)-155 Pelidnopepla Stal (FG)-168 Pelitropis Van Duzee (TR)-35, 36, 176, 256, 257 PELTONOTELLINI Fieber (CA)-ll Peltonotellus Puton (CA)-ll, 83 Peltonotus Mulsant & Rey (CA)-83 Penepissonotus Beamer (DL)-21, 133, 209, 219, 227 Pentagramma Van Duzee (DL)-7, 17, 41, 104, 200, 214, 222 Pentastiridius Kirschbaum (CI)-13, 14, 40, 96, 191, 194, 196 PENTASTIRINI Emeljanov (CI)-14, 91 Peregrinus Kirkaldy (DL)-16, 20, 133, 210, 220, 227 Perkinsiella Kirkaldy (DL)-16, 18, 44, 134, 198, 210, 220. 227 Persis Stal (DR)-25, 152, 231,232.234 Petata Westwood [missp.] (DR)-155 Phaciocephalus Kirkaldy (DR)-24, 152 Phalainesthes Kirkaldy (FT)-166 Philatis Stal (AN)-7, 8, 9, 35, 77, 18L 182 Phrictopyga Caldwell (DL)-19, 135, 210, 220, 227 Phyllocnemis Schaum (CA)-86 Phyllodictus Ball (DL)-135 Phyllodinus Van Duzee (DL)-19, 41, 135, 210, 220, 227 PHYLLOSCELINI Emeljanov (DC)-156 Phylloscelis Germar (DC)-26, 27, 41, 156, 238 Picumna Stal (IS)-33, 41, 172, 1ZZ, 25L 252 Pinodoxa Anufriev (DL)-126 Pintalia Stal (CI)-13, 14, 40, 103, 194, 196 PINTALIINI Metcalf (CI)-103 Pissonotus Van Duzee (DL)— 16, 18, 19, 41, 45, 135, 210, 220. 227 Platycixius Van Duzee (Cl) — 13, 14, 91, 194, 196 PLECTODERINI Fennah (AL)-4, 9, 10, 40, 80 Poblicia Stal (FG)-31, 32, 169, 249, 250 Poiocerina Haupt (FG)-169 POIOCERINAE Haupt (FG)-168 POIOCERINI Haupt (FG)-168 Prokelisia Osborn (DL)-16, 17, 20, 23, 41, 139, 198, 211, 220, 228 Prokelisoidea McDermott (DL)-139 Protrocha Emeljanov (CA)-84 Pseudocixius Caldwell (Cl)— 89 Pseudoflatoides Metcalf (FT)-28, 30, 167, 245, 247 Pygospina Caldwell (DL)-19, 140, 211, 220, 228 Quilessa Fennah (KD-179 Ranissus Fieber (DC)-160 REMOSINI Fennah (TR)-7, 35, 36, 37, 41, 42, 176, 256, 257 Reptalus Emeljanov (CI)-13, 14, 40, 97, 180, 191, 194, 196 Rhabdocephala Van Duzee (FG)-31, 168, 248, 250 Rhynchomitra Fennah (DC)-26, 27, 156, 236, 237 Rhynchopteryx Van Duzee (FT)-165 Ribautodelphax Wagner (DL)-16, 20, 45, 141, 211, 220, 228 RICANIIDAE-2, 6 Rdeya Melichar (TR)-175 Rotundifronta Beamer (DF)-18, 141, 211, 220 Saccharosydne Kirkaldy (DL)-16, 17, 107, 197, 201, 214. 222 SACCHAROSYDNINI Vilbaste (DF)-15, 17, 107, 201, 214.222 Sayiana Ball (DR)-25, 155, 230, 231, 233, 235 Scolops Schaum (DC)-26, 27, 41, 157, 177, 238 Scolopsella Ball (FG)-31, 168, 248, 250 SCOLOPTINI Emeljanov (DC)-157 Scolopygos Bartlett (DF)-15, 19, 141, 212, 221 Sedusa Fowler [missp.] (DR)-149 SELIZINI Melichar (FT)-29, 28, 164, 246, 24Z Shellenius Ball (DR)-25, 155, 230,231,233.235 Sikaiana Distant (DR)-25, 155, 230, 231. 232, 234 SIKAIANINI Muir (DR)-155 Siphanta Stal (FT)-28, 29, 44, 166, 244, 246 SIPHANTINI Melichar (FT)-166 Siphantoides Distant (FT)-166 Sogatella Fennah (DL)-16, 20, 41, 44, 141, 212, 221, 228 Sogatodes Fennah (DF)-141 Southia Kirkaldy (KI)-34 Stegocixius Kramer (Cl)— 13, 14, 91, 194, 196 STENOCRANINAE Wagner (DL)-15, 17, 41, 105, 198. 201.214.222 STENOCRANINI Wagner (DL)-15, 105 Stenocranus Fieber (DF)-15, 16, 17, 41, 105, 179, 197, 201.214.222 Stilbometopius Gnezdilov & O'Brien (IS)— 32, 34, 171, 251.252 Stobaera Stal (DL)-16, 18, 41, 144, 212,221,228 SURIJOKOCIXIIDAE-2 SURIJOKOCIXIOIDEA-2 BARTLETT, O'BRIEN & WILSON 287 Syndelphax Fennah (DL)-15, 21, 38, 144, 212, 221, 228 Synecdoche O'Brien (AL)-9, 10, 82, 177, 180, 182, 184. 185. 187 Tagosodes Asche & Wilson (DL)-16, 22, 41, 45, 145, 212.213.221.228.229 TAMBINIINAE Kirkaldy (TR)-42, 173 Tangia Stal (TR)-35, 36, 176, 180. 256. 257 TANGIINI Melichar (TR)-7, 35, 36, 37, 41, 42, 176, 256, 257 Taosa Distant (DC)-26 Terauchiana Matsumura (DL)-105, 107 TETTIGOMETRIDAE-2, 6 Thionia Stal (IS)-32, 33, 41, 45, 172, 1ZZ, 1Z9, 251, 252 THIONIINA Melichar (IS)-33, 172 THIONIINI Melichar (IS)-32 Ticida Uhler (DC)-26, 27, 41, 161, 236. 240. 242 Ticrania Emeljanov (DC)-27, 161, 236. 241 Timodema Ball (DC)-26, 161, 240, 242 Timonidia Ball & Hartzell (DC)-27, 161, 236, 241 Tomintus Stal (FG)-168, 169 Tonginae Kirkaldy (NO)-2, 8, 32 Toya Distant (DL)-16, 21, 41, 147, 213.221.229 Traxus Metcalf (IS)-33, 35, 171, 251, 252 Tricranoneum Horvath (DL)-110 TRIENOPINAE Fennah (TR)-8, 32, 35 TROPIDOCEPHAL1NI Muir (DL)-15 TROPIDUCH1DAE-2, 7, 8, 11, 12, 32, 33, 35-36, 37, 41, 42, 44, 173, 180, 253-257. 266 Tumidagena McDermott (DL)-18, 19, 41, 148, 198, 213, 221.229 Tylana Stal (IS)-32 Tylanira Ball (IS)-32, 34, 171, 251, 252 Tyrphodelphax Vilbaste (DL)-129 UGYOPINI Fennah (DL)-15 Ulixes Stal (IS)-32, 171 Uncanodes Fennah [missp.] (DL)-148 Uniptera Ball (AL)-9, 10, 77, 18Z Unkanodes Fennah (DL)-15, 21, 148, 213, 221, 229 Vincentia Uhler (CI)-89 Weidnerianella Wagner (DL)-118 Xerbus O'Brien (AL)-9, 10, 83, 185, 187 Yucanda Ball & Hartzell (DC)-27, 161, 241 Yukonodelphax Wilson (DL)-23, 45, 148, 213.221.229 MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Back Issues Information The American Entomological Society AES no longer has printed versions of back issues of Memoirs available for purchase Free downloads of Memoirs, Volumes 1-48, available at website: biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/6193 Available print issues: 49. The North American Gall Midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Hackberries (Cannabaceae Celtis spp.). Raymond J. Gagne. 2013. 103 pp. $35.00. 50. A Review of the Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) of the United States. Charles A. Bartlett, Lois B. O'Brien & Stephen W. Wilson. 287 pp. $50.00. In making inquiries relative to publications please contact: THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY at The Academy of Natural Sciences 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA e-mail: ans aes@drexel.edu