Alkx. Agassiz. f ibnu-D of ibe lt> ..■ m OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDfiE, MASS. JFounDrt bv pvitiafe subscription, in 1801. Deposited by ALEX. AGASSIZ. No. Lf, 3t] Jiffs' MEMOIRS OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY AT HARVARD COLLEGE, VOL. XXII. (TEXT.) CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A. PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM. 1896. University Press : John "Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U. S. A. CONTENTS. REPORTS ON THE RESULTS OF DREDGING, UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF ALEXANDI:R AGASSIZ, in the GULF OF MEXICO (1877-78), IN THE CARIBBEAN SEA (1878-79), AND ALONG THE ATLANTIC COAST OF THE UNITED STATES (1880), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer '^ Blake," Lieut. -Com. C. D. Sigsbee, U. S. N., and Com. J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N , Commanding. Publislied by Permission of Carlile P. Patterson and W. W. Duffield, Siii)erintend- ents of tlie U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. XXXVI. OCEANIC ICHTHYOLOGY, A TREATISE ON THE DEEP SEA AND PELAGIC FISHES OF THE WORLD, BASED CHIEFLY UPON THE COLLECTIONS MADE BY THE STEAMERS " BLAKE," " ALBATROSS," AND " FISHHAWK," IN THE NORTHWESTERN ATLANTIC, with an Atlas containing 417 Figures. By George Broavn Goope and Tarleton H. Beax. Published in Connection witii the Natioii.al Museum and the Smithsonian Institution. (TEXT.) JUN 6 1927 Memoirs of tbc Uluscum of Comparatibc .^oblogu ' AT HARVARD COLLEGE. Vol. XXII. (TEXT.) K E P 0 R T S ON THE RESULTS OF DEEDGING, UNDKP. THE SUPERVISION OK ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, IN THE GULF OF MEXICO (1S77-7.S). IX THE CARIBBE.VN .SEA (1878-79). AND ALONG THE ATLANTIC COA.ST OF THE UNITED STATES (1880), BY THE U. S. COAST SURVEY STEAMER "BLAKE," Lieut. Com. C. D. Sigsbee, U. S. N., and Com. J. R. Bautlett, U. S. N., Commanding. [Published by pennissiou of (Jarlile P. Patterson and W, W. Duffield, • Superiiitendeuts of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey.] XXXVI. OCEANIC ICHTHYOLOGY, A TREATISE OM THE DEEP SEA AND PELAGIC FISHES OF THE WOKLD. BASED CHIEFLY UPON THE COLLECTIONS MADE BY THE STEAMERS " BLAKE," " ALBATROSS," AND "FISHHAWK," IN THE NORTHWESTERN ATLANTIC, WITH AN ATLAS CONTAINING 417 FIGURES. BY GEORGE BROWN GOODE AND TARLETON H. BEAN. Published in Connection with the National Museun and the Smithsonian Institution. CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A. : ^^vtntrti for tfir fHitsciim. September, 1896. OCEANIC ICHTHYOLOGY. INTRODUCTION. Our purpose has been to present in Oceanic Icn'rnYOLOGY a discussion of all forms of fishes found in tbe seas of the world, both pelagic species and those occurring- at depths greater than 500 feet, especial prominence being given to those species which are found in the Atlantic Ocean, most of which we have had opportunity to study. All oceanic fishes are included, partly because it is not yet possible to distinguish strictly between the two classes, and ])artly because the pelagic forms have, in part at least, been mentioned in the discussions by all previous writers on "deep-sea fishes." By Oceanic Jiahes we mean those deep sea and pelagic species which dwell in the open ocean far from the shore, either at the surface, at the bottom, beyond a depth of 500 feet, or, if such fishes thei-e be, the intermediate zones. Oceanic Ichthyology is that branch of ichthyology which is concerned with their study. Deep-sea _fishes are those which are found at a depth of 1,000 feet or more, witliout reference to the (juestiou whether or not they also occur in shallower water. The limit of 500 feet is taken for convenience in the study of the origin of local deep-sea faunas. The limit of 100 fathoms is that ordinarily in use. The Reports of the ChalleiKjcr class as "deep-sea deposits "all those below 100 fathoms depth. The zone between the litteral zone, and the bathybial zones, 500-1000 feet, is called the "hemibathybial zone" I'claffic fishes are those which live far from laud and at a distance from the bottom, rarely ai)proaching the shore except when driven by wind or current. It is these which are most closely associated with the "Plankton," and were included in it before the mean- ing of the term, as proposed by Hensen, was limited by Ha'ckel. Some of these, which occur at considerable depths, we call " bathypelagic." We cannot claim that in the present memoir we have brought forward any conclusions which are new to science, though a great number of new facts are recorded, ^^'e hope, however, that we have succeeded in the attemi^t to bring the information which we have ourselves been able fo obtain into proper relationship with the mass of similar knowledge already recorded, and that our descriptions are so accurate and full that the deterioration or loss of the nuiterial studied, much of which was in very fragmentary and precarimis con- dition when it ('ame to us, may not be entirely disastrous. We have tried to assemble all existing data about oceanic tishes and to arrange them in such a manner that they may be serviceable to naturalists in other. fields for comparison and study, as well as to ichtliyolo- gists for ready reference, when at a distance from the rather extensive group of books which must now be consulted even for the casual identification of a deep-sea fish. We have also endeavored to sum up the conclusions reached by previous .students before incorporating our own results with those of our predecessors.* NoTK. — I liave iivprejiaratioii .and sb.all soon pulilish an oxteuded study of tbe geographical distribution of deep-sea aud pelagic fishes, and of the origin of the several bathybial lish faupas. G. Browx (Joode. IV INTRODUCTION. When this volume was begun, it was not intended to inchide so large a field within its scope, but unexpected delays have brought us to a time wiioii tlicit; is an entire discontinu- ance of deep-sea work, and wlicn tlie final ichtliyolo.uical results of all past expeditions have been published. lu 1885 Prof. Collett, of the University of (Jhristiania, published a volume upon the fishes of the Xorwegiau North Sea Expedition. In 1887 Dr. ( ! iinthcr, of the P.ritish ^Museum, publislied his great work on " The Deep-Sea Fishes of the Challenger l-^xpcditiou ". In 1888 Dr. Vaillant, of tiie Museum of Natural History in Paris, reported ujjouthe Deep-Sea Fishes of the TracoilleKr and Tdlisnidit Fx)iedition, and in the same year Mr. Alexander Agassiz presented his adnurable "Contributions to American Thalassography", in which, for the first time, were presented in compact form the results of the ichthyological work of the (Joast Survey and the Fish Commission. These four magnificent works, together with the various short papers since published by American and Scandinavian naturalists and by ISIr. S. Alcock upon the deep sea fishes of India, relate to a group of animals concerning which, until recently, naturalists knew almost nothing. The study of oceanic ichthyology is still in its infancy and yet many very remarkable results have been obtained. Although not more than G00(?) ditt'erent kinds of fishes have been obtained from the depth of 1,000 feet and more, it would appear that a very good general idea of the character of the fauna has already been ac(iuired. This is indicated by the fact that fishes are constantly being rediscovered in the most remote localities. A form obtained by Lowe in Madeira in 187(5 was rediscovered by us off" the New England coast in 1881, and by flerman naturalists in the Japanese Sea in 1879, by the Blahe near Barbadoes in 1880, and a year or two later oft' the coast of Soudan. Several i>reviously known only from New Zealand have been obtained by the Fish Commission off the New England coast, and some of our own genera and species have lately been discovered in the Bay of Bengal. Although the capture of certain individual forms in widely remote localities in the oceanic abyss might be interpreted to mean that the field has been somewhat fully explored, and that it is now being gone over a second or third time, such an interpretation would be misleading. Our knowledge of altyssal life is still exceedingly imperfect. New species and genera are obtained every time the nets are lowered to the bottom in an untried spot. Very many forms have been taken in only one locality, and are represented in the museums by unique si)ecimens, so that the ichthyologist has not material enough to enable him to study the structure of the organisms to which he has given a name. Then, too, the appliances for the capture of the fishes of any region, especially those which are believed to live suspended in the middle strata of mid-ocean, are so imperfect, and the like- lihood is great that there are many forms so organized that they can not well be taken by small slow-moving nets, tliat naturalists will surely fall into error if they su])pose themselves in possession of anything like an adequate equipment for a final study of the subject. It seems probable that there are many inhabitants of the depths which are too swift, too wary and cunning, or too large thus to be taken. It cannot be doubted, for example, that somewhere in the sea, at an unknown distance below the surface, there are living certain fish-like animals, unknown to science and of great size, which come occasionally to the surface and give a foundation to such stories as those of the sea serpent. To appreciate the meager extent of our knowledge of what is going on in nudocean it is only necessary to think of such a fish as Ckianmodon and its history. Chiaamodon is one of those grotesque looking pelagic fishes with yawning, flexible jaws and a vastly distensible stomach, which is able to engorge other fishes equal, or more than equal, in size to itself. This practice is natnially attended by disaster, and the Vliiasniudoii, in the event of death, is brought to the surface by the expansion of the gases in its tissues. Such accidents evidently happen very often. The chancres were few, nevertheless, that waifs of this kiiul should fall into the hands of naturalists, and yet within forty years Chiasmodon INTRODUCTION. V has occurred five times. On the other hand, Chiasmodon, although so abundant, has only ouce beeu taken by the deep-sea nets. Another ocean dweller which the exploring ships have not yet discovered is Rcfjalecns, or the ''Oar-fisli," a serjient shaped, rapidly swimming form, usually from IS to 24 feet in length, which occasionally is stranded on the shore in the stormy season. Within the past one hundred and fifty years individuals have visited the shores of Nor- way, Finmark, the Faroe Islands, Scotland, Ireland, England. ^leditenanean, France, Bermuda, the Cape of Good Hope, Hindustan, and New Zealanil. (iiintlier gives a list of 44 seen by naturalists, aud this is of course but an insignificant part of those which have actually been stranded. Its worldwide distribution and the nundjcr of waifs give evidence that it is abundant in mid-ocean, ye-t the exploring sliips in all the years of their combined searchings have found no vestiges of it, old or young. jMany similar cases might be cited, but our object is siini)ly to call attention to the great necessity for further exploration of the depths. The distinctions between the inhabitants of deep water, those of the middle depths, and those of the surface strata of mid-ocean are not yet absolutely fixed. Such are the imperfections in the methods of trawling and dredging that the naturalist, when he has sorted out the fishes from his nets after a haul in mid ocean, is often in doubt as to where his captures have been made. If he has takeu a tlounder from a haul of SOO fathoms, or finds a macrurid, a brotulid, a stomiatid, a synodontid, or a nemichthyid in a net which has been below the 2,(IO()-fathom line, he feels reasonably sure that he has biought it u|» from the bottom. But who shall say where Argyyopclccus, Sfcnwptyr, Myctophuin, having allies among the pelagic fishes in the same net, have come from"? It may be from the bottom, or they may have become entangled in the meshes of the trawl when but a few fathoms from the surface, coming up or going down. The receut investigations of Mr. Agassiz in the Pacific, with the Tanner net, seem to show pretfy conclusively that there are but few living forms below a depth of 1,800 or 2,000 feet aud that the Mtictuphidw stay for the most part, if not entirely, between that depth and the surface. It is possible to draw inferences from the experiments in regard to mauy forms which, like the Mi/ctophida; are known frequently to occur swinnuing at the surface at night, but there are also doubtful cases, like Bathyoi)his, RhodichthyK, Microstoma, aud many others, which need further consideration. Another great need is for more, and miu'e perfect, nuiterial. Fully one-half of the deep- sea forms are now represented only by single specimens, and many important anatomical questions can not be solved, because these uniques may not be sacrificed to dissection. Half of the families of Malacopterygians mentioned in this report can not be assigned to their proper places, because their skeletons have not beeu fully examined. Besides this, tlu^ imperfection of the existing specimens is a great drawback. The nuiterial is of a kind which it is peculiarly difiicult to study. Not only are the forms strange and difficult to assign to their proper taxonomic relationships, but, owing to the soft, cavernous skeletons, and the tlabby muscles, tender skins, deciduous scales, aud fragile ap])endages which are characteristic of many of tiicm, they are very liable to injury. After these delicate animals have been drawn up from a depth of 2 or 3 miles iu rough nets, they are, as might be expected, iu a very dilapidated condition. It has often been found Tieces- sary to exanune a score of more of individuals, in order to be able to api)reciate characters which could commonly be made out from a single specimen. The studies which have led to the writing of this book were begun iu the summer of 1S77, wheu the first deep-sea fishes were caught by American nets on the coast of North America. This took place in the Gulf of Maine, 44 miles east of Cape Ann, on the l!*th of August, when from the side of the U. S. Fish Conunission steamer /Sjxml well the trawl net was cast in IGO fathoms of water. The writers were both standing by the mouth of the net when, as the seaman lifted the end of tlu; bag, two strange forms fell out on tlu' deck. .\ single glance was enough to tell us that they were new to our fuuia, ami probably unknown to science. They seemed like visitors from another world, and none of the strange forms VI INTRODUCTION. which have since passed through our laboratory have brought lialf as much interest and enthusiasiu. Macrurus Bairdii and Lycodcs Verrillii were simply new species of well- known deep-dwelling genera, and have since been found to be very abundant on the con- tinental slope, but they were among the first fruits of that great harvest iu the field of oceanic ichthyology which we have had the pleasure of helping to garner in the fifteen years which have passed since that ha])py and eventful morning. It seems incredible that American naturalists should not then have known that a few miles away there was a fauna as unlike that of our coast as could be found in the Indian Ocean or the seas of China. It should be remembered that although the Challeniicr has been back more than a year from her long cruise, her treasures were as yet undescribed, and that no one knew what a marvelous wealth of material she had gathered except the naturalists on board. Even they can scarcely have exi)ected that year after year the great (juarto volumes of these final reports would continue to l)e printed, until to-day there are forty of them — the magnificent outcome of the most liberally equipped exploring expedition ever sent out by any nation. Oceanic ichthyology was as yet unborn. A year later Dr. (liinther began to publish the preliminary descriptions of the Clial- lenger fishes in the London Annals and Magazine of Natural History, and a new interest was added to the study of ichthyology. From that time until now we have never been without a wealth of attractive oceanic material for study, and the genera and species announced by us from the western Atlantic have been more in number than those brought back by the Challenger, yet the discoveries made in those earliest years have always seemed the most interesting. It may be asked how it happened that no deep-sea fishes had been taken by the Coast Survey vessels which began dredging in 1SG7, or by those of the Fish Commission which began in 1871. The answer is a simple one. The Fish Oommission vessels were small, and did not venture outside of the hundred fathom line until 1877, and the Coast Survey in those day^ collected with the dredge only. When Mr. Agassi/, took charge of the bio- logical work of the Coast Survey, in 1877, he introduced the trawl net, and began to collect fishes, but these did not come into our hands until 1883. The nets were not really per- fected until 1883, wlien the Albatross and the TrdvaiUenr began their cruises. In 1878 the headquarters of the Fish Commission was at (Houcester, and we began to receive from the Cape Ann fishermen deep-sea forms taken by them on the offshore banks. In this way came our Ilaloporphijrus viola and Lycodes pa.vilh(s, brought by Capt. J. W. Collins, then of the halibut schooner Marion and since well-known by his writings upon the fisheries; onv AryenHiia s;/rtensiiim, (1. & B. (since identified with A. silus of Europe); Lijeodes Vahlil, a Greenland form, brought by Capt. Hawkins, of the schooner Gwendolen; Anarrhiehas latij'nms, Alepidosaurus ferox, Alepocephalus Bairdii, G. & B.; Synaphobranchiis pinnatus, Simenvheh/.s parasificns, Gill; Chinuvra plumhea, Gill { — affinis, Hoc. &Cap.); Cen- troscyllium Fahricii and Gentrosvymnus crelolepis, Eehiostoma harbatum, Chauliodus iSloanei, Reinhardtiiis hippiij/lossoides, Macrurus rupestris, Lopholatllus rhamwlconticeps, G. & B. — all received iu time to be catalogued in our Fishes of Essex County, Massachusetts, published lu 1879, together with Phycis Ghenteri, G. & B., and Eumicrotremus spinostis, obtained in the same year by the Fish Commission vessels. In 1880 the Fish Commission began its explorations of the Gulf Stream off the south coast of New England. Dr. Bean was on the Pacific coast and the following were described by Dr. Goode: Monolcne ses.iilirauda, Citharichthys nrctifrons, G. unicornis, Thyris pellucidus, Hypsicometvs gohioidcs, Prristedium. uriniafum, ]\[acruru.s varminatus, llalieuUcu scnticosa, TAmanda Beanii, Amitra liparina, Gottunculus torvus, Hetarches parmatxis, Ghlorophthalmus chalybcius, Xotacfnithusphasyanorns, Monolene, Hypsicometes, and Amitra being new genera, and Mnncalias urauoscopus, Ghauna.r pictus, and Gottunculus Tliomsoni were added to the fauna. Apogon payidionis and Benthodcsmus elnngatus were found in the same year. In 1881 we undertook, at the request of Prof. Baird and Mr. Agassiz, to produce a work upon the fishes of the Coast Survey and the Fish Comnussion together, and discon- INTRODUCTION. VII tinned the publication of preliminary descriptions, it being our liope to print a final memoir upon them without much delay. It was not until 1801, however, that we were able to complete our studies, the illness and death of Prof. I>aird having interrupted the work and thrown upon each of us new responsibilities which left little time at our command. We had, however, prepared for Mr. Agassiz preliminary reports upon the deep-sea fishes of the Blale, taken in ISSO (published in 1883), and upon those taken in 1878 and 1S7!> (pub- lished in 1S8(!), and had also furnished the notes upon the fishes for his general work. Three Cruises of the Blake. Besides the Blake fishes of 1878-'79-'80, we continued to receive those from the Alhatr OSS until that vessel passed into the Pacific in 1888. Her more recent collec- tions are being worked up by Prof. C. H. Gilbei-t and by Dr. Bean, who is studying those of the Alaskan seas, and by Mr. (Jarman, wlio is reporting ui)on thoseobtained off the west coast of Central America, partly made under the direction of Mr. Agassiz in 1891. The work, as it now appears, is in many respects very unsatisfactory to its authors. It has been written at odd hoiu's snatched from administrative duties, too often in the very midst of them — always under the pressure of haste, and always with the feeling of impa- tience that more exhaustive studies could nr)t be made. Later, serious illness delayed its printing. As first planned it was to include only the oceanic fishes of the east coast of North America, but it gradually expanded to embrace all those species of the Atlantic Basin and all the oceanic genera of the world. It was first ready for the press in 1885, then revised and rewritten in 1888, then again in 1891, and again in 18'J-l as it was going through the press. The appearance of Gunther's final reports upon the Challem/er fishes, 1887, of Vaillant's upon those of the Trdvailleur in 1888, of Alcock's Inreniiijalor papers in 18.s9-18'.»t!, of Col- lett's Hirondellc notes in ISSD, have each, in their turn, caused much revision and rewrit- ing, and the appearance of Liitken's Spolia Atlantica, Part li, printed in 1892, has made it necessary to reset a number of pages. In its present form it stands as a compendium and sunimaiy of existing knowledge in regard to Oceanic Ichthyology. No one knows when there will be oiiportunity for its further study. There are no expeditions and there seems to be no prospect for new ones. Even the Albatross, built by the United States expressly for this service, is diverted to police duty about the Seal Islands. Public interest is sated by the crude preliminary results already obtained. The scien- tific world knows that the knowledge of to-day, in all branc-hes of thalassograi)hic work, is incomplete and rudimentary in the extreme, and that, with the experience now acijnired, the results of future exploration will be immensely greater. We can only hope for a renaissance in this field. In making acknowledgments to those who have aided in this work, we think first of our dear friend, the late I'rof. Baird, of the pains with which he jnovided every facility, and of the interest with which, twice a day, when studies were in progress, he came to the laboratory to talk oVer the discoveries and discuss them. To his successor as Commissioner of Fisheries, Col. McDonald, we owe the granting of every retiuest we have made, and our requests have been many. To Mr. Alexander Agassiz we are likewise indebted for cour- tesies many and great, not the least of which is the patience with which he has waited ten years for a report which was promised in three. To Prof. Theodore (!ill we ofier our thanks for counsel and information, lavishly and ungrudgingly bestowed, out of the fullness of his ichthyological wisdom. To Commander Z. L. Tanner, IT. S. N., in command of the Albatross, imd. Mr. J. E.Benedict, naturalist of the ship, much is due for the manner in ■which the collections were gathered and preserved. To Dr. (iiiuther we owe inspiration and kindly advice; to Dr. Sauvage, of the Museum of Natural History in Paris, to Dr. Liitken, to Prof. Collett and to Dr. Alcock, to Dr. Ililgendorf, President Jordan, and Mr. Garman, frequent letters and the use of specimens; to Prof. Giglioli, the use of his matchless collection of Italian vertebrates, among which were the fishes collected by the steamer Washhu/ton in the Mediterranean. Capt. H. T. Brian, of the Government VllI INTRODUCTION. Printing Office, bus also aided materially in the work by Ids advice. Mr. Barton A. Bean has aided in the handling of the collections and illustrations and measurement of speci- mens, and Mr. J. Tj. Willige has rendered useful service iu the preparation of the tables of locality and distribution aiul in proof reading. Only twenty years ago the flsh fauna of the deep sea was represented in collections by forty or fifty specim<>ns, representing not more than twenty species at the most — acci- dental waifs picked up at the surface or cast ashore by the waves — "like the few stray bodies of strange red men which tradition reports to have been washed on the shores of the Old World before the discovery of the New, and which served to indicate the existence of unexplored realms inhabited by unknown races, but not to supply information about their character, habits, and history." ' If the coming twenty years shall produce one-tenth so much in the way of discovery in the life of the deep seas, it will be more than it now seems reasonable to expect. G. Brown Gooue. Tableton H. Bean. Smithsonian Institution, Washington City, April 1, 1895. ' Edward Forbes. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Names of genera and species. Plate and figure. iNTIiODCCTION Tahle of Contkn 1 s List of the New Genera and Species with Etymolocies List of Plates Marsipobuanciiii. Hvperotreta : M.vxinidu' — Myxme, L. — M. glutiucsa, L australis, Jeny us Hyperoartia : Petromyzoutidiv — Petroinyzdu, Artedi — I*, niarinus, L liatliynivzoii. Gill — H. I5aiidii, Gill Elasmohranciiii. Tectospondyi.i : Scyumi>rliinid:p — 8cyniiiorhiiiu8, Cuv.— S. liebia, Bonn 8omniosii8, Le S. — S. microcephahis, (Sclin. ) , rostratus, (Risso) EeliinorliinuH, Bl. — E. spinosus, Gm Etiuoptcrida' — Etmoptenis, Raf.— E. s|iinax, L piisillii8, (Lowe) granulosus, Gthr I'araccntioscylliuui, Ale. — P. oruatuiu, Ale Centroscvlliuiu, M. & H. — 0. Fabiicii, (Rhdt.) grauulatum, Gthr Scymnodoii, B. & C. — S. ringcns, B. & C Centrophorus, M. & H. — C. uyatus, (Kat.) lusitanicus, B. & C crepidater, B. A C siiuaniosus, Ginel Dunierilii, (Johnson) oalceus, L^owe 8(|Uamulosus. Gthr I'oliaceus, Gthr Centrosryuinus, B. & C. — C ca-lolepis, B. «fc C obscurus, V Oxynotns, Raf. — O. centriua, (L.) ASTEROSPONDYLI : Scylliorhinidu' — Scylliorhinua, Bl. — S. rctifer, Garman profnndornm, G. & B hispidus. Ale canesceus, Gthr Galeida'— Mustelus — M. liiiinulus, Bl Pseuddtriacis, Capello — I', niicrodon, Capello Pri.stiurus, Bon. — P. nicl.istiimu.s, (Raf.) atlanticus, V 1,1 i,2 111,8 111,9 V, 18 11,5 11,7 Page. IV, 12 111.11 IV. 13 V, 17 III. 10 VI, I'd in IX XXXI I* 10 10 10 .507 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 14 .508 14,508 ir> 15 lt>, 508 17 508 ,508 18, .508 20. .508 L'l TABLE OF CONTENTS. Names of genera and species. Page. AsTEROsi'ONDVLi — C'ontiuued. Alopiiibi' — Alopias — A. vulpes, I, t'archariida' — Carcharias — V. {ilaucus, 1j Cetorhiiiitla — Cetorhiuiis, HI. — (". inaximiis, Guuiipr OPISTHAIiTIIKI: Clilaiiiycldselachiila' — C'hlamydoselachus. (iarmaii — C. auguiut'us, (iarmaii Kai.e: Kaiida- — Kaia, L. — K. radiata, Don Ackleyi, Garmau Acklevi, oruata, (ianiuiii- plutonia, Garuian circularis, Conch erinacea, Mitchill hyperborea. t'ollctt la vis, Mitcbill granulata, Gill batis, L fiillonica, L vomer, Fries nidrosiensis, Collctt mamillideus, Ale isotrachys, Gthr lintea, Fries llossada, Eisso senta aleiitica traclnira abyssicola Trygonid;? — Uroloplms karanus Goodei HOLOCEI'HAI.I: ChimairidiE — Chima'ra, L. — C. monstrosa, L affinis. Capello Callorhynchiis, (Gronov.) — C. antarcticus, (Lac.) Hydrolagiis, Gill — H. Colliei, (Beunett) Harriotta, (i. & B.— H. Kaleishana, G. & B Malacopterygii : Alcpocephalidie — Alepoeephalus, Risso — A. rostratus, Kisso Agassizii, G. &. B productus, Gill niger, Gthr Bairdii, G. & B Blanfiirdii, Ale biculor, Ale edeutuius, Ale teiiebrosus Conocara, G. &. B. — ('. MacDonaldi, G. A B macropteru, (V.), G. A H . Batliytroctes, Gtlir. — B. macrolepis, Gtlir stoiiiias, Gilb ro.stratua, Gthr microlipis, Gthr iiielaniicephalus, V attritns, V squaiiKisus. Ale Talismania, G. vV I!. — T. bomoptera, (V.), G. & B . antillanim, G. A- B :ii|uat(iri8, (i. A B .\,31 X, 32-35 X,36 Xl,37-U) XII, 41 XIII, 45 XIII, 4(i XIV, 5L' XIII, 47 XIII, 48 XII. 13 XII, 11 XIV, 49 XIV,.^ 509 509 31, 509 31, .509 32 32 33 36 37 37 38 38, 510 3(5, 509 36, 509 36,510 510 39 39 41 510 n 510 43 45 510 42, 40, 43 44 44 TABLE OF CONTENTS. XI Names of genera and species. ]i. Malacoptkuygii — Continued. Alepocephalidii' — Continued. Narcetes, Ale. — N. ererailas, Ale Platytroctes, (Uhr. — P. apns, Gtlir XenodiTmiilithys, Gthr, — X. nodulosus, Gthr Aleposomus, Gill — A. Copei, Gill Bocialis, (V.), G. & H Giintheri, (Ale.), O. A: Leptoderiiia, V. — L. niacrops, V Auonialopterus, V. — A. pinjiuis, V Aulastomatomorplia, Ale. — A. pliosphorops. Ale .- Pteiothrissida' (= Hatb.vthrissida-, Gthr. )— rterothrissiis, Hilg. — P. gissu, Hilg Argentinidii' — Argentina, Art. — A. sphynena, L silus, (Asc.), Nils striata, G. & B elongata, Huttou sialis, Gilbert Leuroglossus, Gilb. — L. stilbius, Gilb Microstoniida' — Microstoma, Cuv. — M. rotundatiini, (Ris.), Gthr griinlanilicnm, Khdt ( = Nanseniagra!nlandica, J. A E Bathylagida — ]5atliylagns, Gthr. — li. atlauticns, Gthr eury o])S, G. & 15 Benedicti, G. & B antarcticus, Gthr pacificus, Gilb Synodontida' — Sy nodus, (Gr. ), Scop. — S. saurus, (L.) atlanticMs, .lohus inti-rniedius. .Si)ix ■ kaianus, Gthr Bathylaeo, (;. & B.— li. nigricans, G. t!t B Bathvsauriis, Gthr. — li. fcriix, Gthr. (=B. Agassizii, G. & B.) mollis, (ithr ol)tiisiristris (Vaillant) Harpodon, Les. — H. macrochir, Gthr si^uamosus, .Vic Aulo]iida — Clilorophthalnius, Bon. — C. Agassizii, Bon chalybeius, (ioode ]iroduetus, Gthr nigripinnis, Gthr truculeutus, G. it B gracilis, Gthr corniger, Ale Bentho.siiuriila' — l!enth(iH;uniis. G. & B. — B.grallator, U.&li Bathyjitcroida! — ISathyjiterois, Gthr. — B. loiigililis, Gthr ilMl)iiis, V (|uadritilis, Gthr G.intliiri, Ale insularnui, Ale h)Ufjiiies, (ithr lougicauda, Gthr Ipuoyddu' — Ipnops, Gthr. — 1. Murray i, Gthr Plate and figure. XV, .53 XVI, r>7 XIV, 51 XVI, 58 XV, 56 XV, 54 XV, 55 XVII, 61 XVII, 62 Page. XVI, 59 XVII, 63 XVII, 64 X VIII, 69 XVIII, 6.5, 66 XVI, 60 XIX, 70 XIX, 71 XIX, XIX, 73 XX, 74 XX, 75 XX, 76 .\VIII.67,6« 45, 510 46 46, 510 47 48 48 49 49 50 510 51 52 52 52 510 510 53 •)3, 510 54 55 55 55 510 57 57 .58,510 59 510 59 .59, 510 60 60,510 61 61 61 511 511 62 64 64 65 64,511 64,511 66,511 61 67 XII TABLE OF CONTENTS. Names of geuera and species. Malaiopteuygii — Continued. Honiieletiida- — Rondidetia, G. & B. — K. bicolor, (i. A- K {'otoniimidii' — Cetominiiis, (i. i H. — C. Gillii. (i. A H Stoieri, (f. A. li Myctophid:! — .Myctoidiiini, R;if. — M. luiuctatiim, Raf atiine, (Liitkeu), (i. ^V H opaliniim, G. & I! plieugodes, (Liitken), (i. «fc H Hiimboldti, ( Risso) gracile, (Liitken), G. it B Bfuoiti, (Cocco), G. it B Reiuhardtii, (Liitkeu) rcnii n;er, G. & B Hygomii, (Liitken),G. & B Verauyi, (Moieau) Heideri, (Stalling) pterotus califoruiense ai'fticiim Townseudi Brntliosoma, G. & B.— I!. Miilleri, ((Jinel.), (!. A- V. arcticiim, (Liitkeu), G. A B Colletti, (Liitken), (i. &B Lampaiiyctus, Bon. — L. cTocodilus, (Eisso),(i. & B alatus, G. & B Giintheri, (i. & B Warmingii, (Liitkeu), G. & B .. geinuiifer, (I. & B Gemcllarii, (Cocco), G. &. B c antarcticus Electrona, G. & B. — E. Rissoi, (Cocoo), G. & li D.asyscopelus, Gthr. — I>. asper, (Richardson) spinosus, (Steindachner) suhasper, ( Gthr. ) NeoBcopelus, Johns. — N. macrolepidotns..Tiihiis Plato and ligure. XXI, 77 XXI, 78 XXI, 70 XXII. 80 '.\xn,8r .xxii,82 xxn,"83 xxn,"84 XXII, 85 XXIII, sr. XXIV, 92 XXIV, 90 XXIII, 88 XXIII, 87 XXIV, 89 XXIV, 91 XXV, 94 XXVI. 97 XXVI, 98 XXV, 95 XXV, 96 XXVI, 99 Page. XXVII, 101 XXVII, 102 XXVII, 103 XXVI. 10(1 XXIV, 93 XXVIII, 10."> XXVIII.KU XXVIII. 107 XXVIII. lOlj 68 t>9 ()9 71 72 T2, r,\ 1 72 73 74 74 74 75 75 77 77 511 511 511 512 76 78 78 79 79 79 ">12 80 80 81 81 80 .■ 82 83 83, 512 84 84 84 512 86 87 87 88 512 89 512 512 89 512 XXIX. 1118,109 iiO 90 91. 512 512 . 91 92 92 92 93,512 TABLE OF CONTENTS. XIII \;iines of {leiicra and species. Malacoptekygii — Coutiiiuetl. Myotophidiu — Coutiuued. Scopelengys, Ale. — 8. tristis, Ale Nanuobraehium, Gthr. — N. MacDoiialdi, ii.&H Scopelosaunis nigrum, (itlir leucopBaiiini Maiuolitida' — lelithyoeocciis, Bou. (=C'oecia, (Jthr. i — , I. civatus, (Coc.), Bon I )pistboproctus, V ( ). soleatus Maurolicus, C'oeco — M. borealis, (Nils.), Gthr amethystinopiinctatus, Coceo I'oweiia', t'occo Pcnnaiiti , austral is, Hector \ incigiierria, .). & E V. atteuuata, (Cocco), J. & E Valeneienellns, J. * E V. tripunctulatua , Cbaiiliodontida — Chunliodus, Srbu — ('. Sloaui, iScbn Macoiiui, Beau (Jouostomidiu — Gonostoraa — G. denudatum,Ral' brevidens, K. & S Cvclotbone, G. & B. C. niicrodou. (Gthr.), G. & B. 'I;=C. lusca, G. & B.) batbyphila, (V.), 6. & B qiiadrioculatuni, V. (?) , elongata (Gthr.), G. &, B. (^ Sigmops stigmatlcus, Gill) . gracilis, Gthr , Bonapartia, G. & B. — B. pedaliota. G.& H Yarrella, G. & B.— Y. Hlacklordi, G. & B iMplopbns, Gthr. — D. taenia, Gthr , liacitiiiis, (Uhr I'biitichtbys, Hutton — P. argentcus, Hutton , Maudiuns, G. A B. — M. niadirensis, (Johns.), G. & B Asti'onejtbida" — Astronestbes, Rich. — A. niger. Rich geminifer, G. & B Richardsoni, Poey .•^tomiatida'^ — (Slomias, Cuv. — S. ferox, RKdt boa, (Risso), Cuv , affinis, Gthr uebnlosus, Ale clougatus, Ale , Ecbiostouia, Lowe — E. barbatum, Lowe niargarita, G. A: H Opostomias, Gtbr. — O. micripnus, Gtbr Grainiuatostomias, G. & B. — G. dentatus, (J. & B Paebystomias, Gthr. — P. mierodon, Gthr Bathopbilus, Gigl. — B. nigerriraus, Gigl Eiistoniias, V. — E. oltseurus. A' l.*botonectes, Gthr. {- Lucifer, Doderlein) — P. albipinnis, IXiderlein , gracilis, G. & B , Page. XXI.X, no XXX, 113 XXX, 111 XXXL115 XXXI, 116 XXXI, 117 XXX, 114 XXXI, 118 XXXII, 119 XXXII, 120 XXXII, 121 XXXIV, 126 XXXII, 122 XXXIII, IL'S XXXIII. 124 XXXIII, 125 XXXIV, 127 XXXIV. 128 XXXIV. 129 XXXV, 130 XXXV, 131 XXXV, 132 XXXV, 133 XXXVI, 134 XXXVI, 136 XXXVI, 135 XXXVI, 137 93, 512 94 94 512 95 95 513 % 96 96 96 96 513 513 513 513 96 513 98 98 99, 514 100 100 101 101 102 103 104 104 104 514 105, 515 105 106 107 108 108 108,515 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 111 112 112 XIV TABLE OF CONTENTS. Names of geuera and species. Malacopterygii — Contimied. Malacosteid;!' — Malaeosteus, Ayres — M. iiigor, Ayres choristodactyliis, V indiciis, Gthr Photostoiiiias, Collet t — P. LJueruei, Collett Thaumastoinias, Ale. — T. atrox, Ale Alepisainid;e — Alepisaurus, Lowe — A. lerox, Lowe ii'sculapius, Beau Oanlopus, Gill altiveli.s, Poey Poeyi, Gill boiealis, Gill serra, Gill Paralepidida' — Paialepis, Risso — P. coregonoides, Risso sphynenoides, Kisso intermedius, Poey hyaliuus, Raf Rissoi, Bk Cuvieri, Bon speciosus, Bellotti Arctozeniis — A. borealis, (Rhdt.),.J. AG CDiiiscans Sadis, Raf. — intermedius S. byaliua, Raf riugeus Odontostoniida', — Odontostonius, Cocco — O. hyaliuus, Cocco atratus, Ale Omosudis, Gthr. — 0. Loweii, Gthr Stern optychida' — Sternoptyx. Herm. — S. diaphana, Lowe Argyropelecus, Cocco — A. hemigymuus, Cocco Alcocki, G. & B Olfcrsii, (Cuv.), C. & V D'l'rvillii, C. & V aculeatus, Val Steruoptychides, Ogilby — S. amabilis, Ogilby Polyipuus, Gthr. — P. s]iinosus, Gthr Idiacauthida' — Idiacanthus, Peters (=Bathyophis, Gthr.) — 1. fasciola, Gthr antrostomn.*, Gilb ferox, Gthr Lyoi'OMI: Ilalosaurida' — Halosaurus — H. Oweni, Johns Johnsoniauus, V Oiintheri, G. & B parvipiuuis, Ale Aldrovandia, G. & B. — A. rostrata, (Gthr.) affluis, (Gthr.) uiacrochira, (Gthr.) Goodei, Gill phalacrus, V mediorostris, Gthr gracilis, G. & B pallida, G. &• B iloskyuii, Ale anguillilomiis, Ale Ilalosaurichthys, Ale. — 11. carinicauda, .\lc Plate and figure. XXXVII, 138 XXXVII, i:i9 Pago. XXXVII, 140 XXXVII, 141 XXXVIII, 142 XXXVIII, 143 XXXVIII, 144 XXXVIII, 145 XL. 150 XXXIX, 14(1 XXXIX, 117 XXXIX, 148 XXXIX, 14'J XL, 151 XL, 152 XL, 1.5:) \1,I, 154 .xLij'iss' XLi'ise' XLII, 157 XLII, 1.58 114 114 114 115 115 117 117 117 118 118 515 515 119,516 119,516 120, 516 515 118,516 118,516 ll;i, .Mi; 516 120 121 121 121 51(i 122 124 126 126 126 127 127 128 128, 516 128 516 129 180 i:n 131 516 i:(2 516 133 133 134 517 134 135 516 516 136, 517 TAliLE OF CONTENTS. XV Names of genera and species. Apoi>ks : Leptoceplial ida; — LeptocepUalus — L. vulgaris (L.) Urocoiiger, Kaup — U. viciuus, V Congermiiiiina, Kaup — C. Kuttulata, Gtlir loiigiiauda, Ale Hava, G. iS: B musteliceps sqnaliceps, Ale nasica, Ale proiigera, Gilb Coloiongcr, Ale.— C. raniceps, Ale Proniyllaiitor, Ale.— P. purpureus, Ale Simeuclielyid:p — Siiuenclulys, Gill — S. parasiticus, Gill IlyophidiP — llyiiplii.s, Gill). — I. Ijrunnens, Gilb Syuapbobraucliida — Synaijhobrauchus, Jobns. — S. piuuatus, (Gronov. ),Gthr . brevidorsalis, Gthr aiJiuis, Gthr Histiobranelius, Gill — H. iiifernalis, Gill batby bins, Gthr Mursenesoeidiu — Xeuoiuystax, Gilb. — X. atrarius, Gilb trueideus Hoplunnis, Kaup — H. dioniedianus, G. & 1? 8auroiiiurienesox, Ale— S. vorax, Ale Opbiehthyida', (iill— Pisoodouophis, Kaup — P. crnentifer, G. & B Myrus, Kaup — M. pachyrhy uchus, (V. ) Nettastomida' — Nettastoma, Kaf. — N. luel.anurum, Raf brevirostris, Fac parviceps, Gthr ta'iiiola, Wood-Ma.son . ... Venefica, J. & D. — V. procira, (G. & B.), J. & D. proboseUlea, (V.), J. & D . Chlop.sis, Kaf. — V. bicolor, Kaf equatorialis, Gilb Nemiehthyida% Gill — Neuiiclithys, Kieh. — N. seolopaeeus, Rich avocetta Labichthys, (iill and Ryder — L. earinatus, (iill and Kyder. elougatns, Gill and Ryder. Gillii, Beau infans, (Gthr.), G. and B . . Cyema, Gthr. — C. atruiu, Gthr i^pinivonier, Gill and Ryder — S. Goodei Gill aud Ryder ... Scrrivomer, (iill and Ryder — S. Beani, Gill and Ryder Richardii, (V.),G. & B.... Gavialiceps, Wood-Mason — G. niierops, Ale Investigator, (i. & B. I. acanthonotus (Ale.) Plate and figure. XLIl, IGO XLII, 1.59 XLIIl, 161 XLlli, 162 XLIV, 164 XLIV, 165 XLIII 16.3 XLIV, 166 XLV, 167 XLV, 168 XLVl. 170 XLVI, 171 XL VI, 172 XLVII, 173 XLVIII, 176 XLVIL 175 Page. 517 138, 517 138 138. 517 1^8 517 517 517 138 139, 517 139,517 139 141 113,517 144 144 145,517 145 146 517 146 146, 517 147 148 119,517 149 148 512 149 150 1.50 150 152 153 153 1.53 153 153 154 155 155 155 156,517 518 XVI TABLE OF CONTENTS. Names of geuera and species. Lyomkki : Saccopharyngidn— Saccojiharynx, Mitcbill— S. flaselliim, Mitchill Eurypliaryngida> — Enrypharynx, V. — E. pelecauoidis. V Gastrostoinus, (iill and K.vdcr — (i. liairdii, Gill and Kyder Dysomnia, Ale. — D. bucepUalus, Ale Dysoniraopsis, Ale.— D. mucipai us, Al<: Carencheli : Derichtbyida' — Derichtliys, Gill — D. serpent in us, (iill Hkteromi : Notacanthida — Notacauthus — N. nasu.s, Blooh analis, Gill Bonapaitii, Kisso sexspinis. Rich phasganorus, Goode Gigliolia, G. & B.— G. Jloseley i, G. & B I'olyacanthouotus, Blk. — P. Rissoauus, (F. &. V.), Gtlir Macdonaldia, G. & B. — M. iipstrata, (Coll.), G. & B Challeugeii, (V.), G. & B Lipogenyida' — Lipogenys, G. & B. — L. G'illii, G. & B Teleocephai.i : BerycidiE— Beryx, Cuv. — B. decadaetyluB, C. & V 8plenden.s, Lowe lineatus, Gthr affiuis, Gthr delphini, C. &. V Melaniphaes, Gthr. — M. typhlops, (Lowe), Gthr Plectromu.s, (iill — P. snborbitalis, (iill Beanii, (Gthr.) robustus, (Gthr.) crassieeps, (Gtlir.) juegalops, (Liitken) uiizolepis, (Gthr. ) miorops, (CJthr.) oristiceps, (Gilb.) lugubris, (Gilb.) Scopi'logadus, V. — S. codes, V Malacosarcua, Gthr. — M. macrostoma, Gthr PoroMiitra, G. & B. — P. capito, G. A- B .Anoplogaster, (itbr. — A. cornutus, (C. & V.), Gthr Caulolepis, (iill — 0. longidens, Gill Stephanoberycida- — .Stephanoberyx, Gill — ,S. Mouie', Gill - Gillii, G. & B Trachichthyida> — Trachicbthya, Shaw — T. Darwin ii, .lohns intermedins, Hector australis. Shaw Jacksoniensis, (Castelnau), Macleay . fernandczianns. Gthr Traillli, Hutton eloiigatus Plate and figure. Page. XLV in, 178-180 XLVIIl, 177 XLIX, 181, 182 XL\'. 1H9 L, 183 L, 184; LII, 191 L, 185 MI. Iil2 L, 186 1,1. 187: I. II. VXi LI, 189; LIL 195 LI. Iill/; 1,11, IW LIII. 197 LIII, 198 LIV, 201 LIV, 202 LIII, 200 LIII, 199 LIII, 200 LIV, 203 1.V.204 LV, 205 LVL 206 1,\ I.L'd" 157 1,".9,.">18 KiO, .518 160 161 164 165 166 167 167 1(59 170 171 172 173 175, 518 176, 518 175 175 175 177 179 179 180 180 181 178 518 518 518 182 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 518 .->18 518 518 518 TABLE OF CONTENTS. XVII Names of genera iind species. Teleocepiiali — Continued. Tracliiclitbyic.il'— Continued. Hojilostethus, C. A V. — H. luediterraneus, C. & V atlaiiticus, Coll japouicus, Hilf? Bathyclupeida — Batliyclupea, Ale. — B. Hoskynii, Ale argentea, G. & B Anomalopi(bi' — Anouinlops, Kiier — A.palpebratus, (Bodd.), CJthr .->coiiilirid;i' — Tbyrsites, C.& V.— T. atini, (Kupliraseti), C. iV V Tbyrsitojis. Gill— T. lepidopoides, C. & V violaceus, Bean = Escolar violaceus J. & E Riivettiis, Cocco — R. pretiosus, Cocco Xesiarcbns, .Johns. — N. iiasutns, .Johns Epinnula, Poey — E. magistralis, I'oey Nealotus, .Johns. — N. tripes, Johns Promethichthvs, Gill — P. prometbeus (C. & V.) = P. atlanticns, Lowe . proiuethoides, Blecher beryaleusis Dicrotus, Gtbr.^ D. armatiis, Gtbr parvipiniiis, G. & B Gempylus, C. &, V. — G. serpens, C. & V coluber, C. & V Loi)idopida' — Lepidopus, Gouan — L. caudatus, (I'^uphrasen), White Goiiaiii, Bl lusitaniius, Shaw xantusi G. & B Evoxymetopon, (Poey), Gill — E. ta-niatus, Poey Poey i, Gtbr Benthodesmus, G. & B. — B. atlanticus, G. & B elougatns, Clarke Apbanopus, Lowe — A. carbo, I^owe minor, Collett Trichiuridie — Tricbiurus, L. — T. lepturiis, Liuu Corypha;nid* — Corypha?na, L. — C. hippurus equisetis Brauiida' — Brauia, Schn. — B. Rail chilensis aiistralis siiuaniosa orciui Dussumieri Agassizii, Poey Bre voorti , Poey Saiissurii, J>unel longipiunis, IjOwo priuceps, Johns Raschi, Esniark japonica, llilg vSteinegeria, .Ionian and Everiiianu — S. rubescens, Jordan and Kverniaiin Pterycombns — P. brauia Plate and ligiirc. LVI, 2ns CXXIII, 41.5 LVII, 209 LV1I,210 LVII. 211 LVII, 212 LVIII, 213 LVIII,214 LVIII, 215 LIX,216 LIX, 217 Page. 189, 519 189 519 190 190 191 194 194 195, 519 196 197 l98 199 200 519 519 200 201 202 202 203 203 519 519 204 204 205 206 207 207 208, 519 209 209 210 211 211 211 211 211 211 211 211 211 211 211 211 519 19868— No. 2- XVIII TABLE OF CONTKNTS. Names of genera aud species. Telkockpiiali — foil tinned. Diretmi(l:i — Diretiniis, Julius. — D. argfiiteus, .Johns., ( = Gyriuoiiienc iiiiiiiiniilai is, V;iillaiit). aureus, Campbell Pteraclidie — Pteraclis, (ironov. — P. jiapilio, Lowe ocell.itus, 0. ifc V carolinus, C. & V velifer, (Pallas) Centroloplius, Lac. — C. pompilus, (Lac), C. A V liritannious, Gtlir S^ehedopliilus, t'occo — S. mednsiiphagus, Cocco niatulatus IJotteri, Stdchur Icosteus, Lockington^ L enigmaticns, Lockington Schedophilopsis, Stdclmr. — S. spiuosiis, Stdchnr Icichthjs, ,1. A G. — 1. Lockingtouii, J. AG Acrotida> — Acrotus, Bean — A. Willoughbji, Beau Giammicolepididie — Grainmicolepis, Poey — G. bracliiusculus, Poey Nomeidse — Nonieus, Cnv. — N. Gronovii, (Gmel.), Gtlir Batbyseriola; Ale. — B. cyanea, Ale Psenes, C. & V. — P. pellucidus, Liitkeii maculatus, Liitken Luvaridje — Luvarus, Raf. — L. impeiijalis, IJaf Lampridida — Lampris, Retzius — L. regius, (Bonn.), Retzius Zeidae — Zenopsis, Gill — Z. ocellatus, (Stoier), Gill I'oncbifer, Lowe Cyttus, Gtlir. — C. australis, (Rich.) abbreviatu.s, Hector hololepis, G. & B nova?-zelandiie Cyttopsis, Gill — C. rosens, (Lowe), Gill Oreosoma, C. A. V. — O. atlanticum, C. A V CaproidiP — Capros, Lac. — C ajier, (L.), Lac Caproiuimus — ('. alibrcviatus Autigonia, l^owe — A. capros, Lowe Totragonuridie — Tetragouurus, Risso — T. Cuvieri, Risso C'bilodipterida' — Melauostoma, Diiderlciu — M. japonicuni, Diiderlciu Glossamia, Gill — G. aprion, Gthr jiaudiouis, G. A B Malaciclitbys, Dilderlein — M. griseu.s, Gthr Epigouus, Raf. — E. telescopus, (Risso), G. & B occidentalis, G. & B Plate aud tigure. Page. L.W.L'.-il LX 1,223 LXII, 224 CXXIIL416 LXII, 226 LXII, 225 LXI, 221 LX III, 227 LXIII, 228 LXIII, 229 LXIV, 230 LXV, 233 LXV,23.5 C'XXIII, 417 LXIV, 231 2U,.")1!1 212 213 212 212 212 LXVI, 230 213 213 2U 214 216 216 215 217 219 22(1, 520 220, .521 221 221 222, 521 223 224 225 225 225 227 228 229, 521 229 230 521 231 231 232 232, 521 233 TABLE OF CONTENTS. XIX Names of genera and species. Telkocei'Hali— Continued. Chilodiiiterid.T — Continued. Pomatomicbtliys, Uigl. — P. Coustanciu', tiigl MicroicUtbys, Kiijip. — M. Coccoi, Riipp Brephostoma, Ale. — B. Carpenter!, Ale Acroi>omid:i' — Acroponia, T. & S. — A. pbilippinense, Gtlir Scombropidii' — Scombrops, T. & S. — S. cbilodipteroides, T. & S oculatus, Poey Hypoclvdouia, G. & B. — H. bella, G. &B Serr.anida- — Ceutropristis, C. & V. — C. pleurosi)ilus, (Gthr.) investigatoris, (Ale.) annularis, Gtbr Prionodes uMjuideus, Gilb Autbias, .Sebn. — A. megalops, Gthr eos, (iilb aquilonaris, G. & B Batbyantbias, Gtbr. — B. roseus, Gthr Syuagrops, Gthr. — S. japonieus, (Doderlein), Gthr Polyprion, Cnv. — P. americanuni, (Selin.), Jordan Pristipomati die — Propoma, Gthr. — P. roseuni, Gtbr Lutjauida' — Aprion, C. & V. — A. macropthalmus, (Miiller), J. & .S.. Verilus, Poey — V. sordidus Poey Dentes. t'uv. — D. macrophtbalmus, (Blocb), C. &V. Priacanthida' — Pri.acantbus, C. & V.^ • P. catalufa, Poey .' Pseudopriacauthus, Blk. — P. altus. Gill Polyniixiida' — Polymixia, Lowe — P. nobilis, Lowe Pomacentiidit — Chromis, Cuv. — C. roseus, (Gthr.), 0. & B Scorpa;nid:v — Scorpa?na, L. — , S. scrofa obesa, Lowe cristulata, G. & B ustulata, Lowe Agassizii, G. & B percoides, Solauder ocellata, Lowe Batbysebastes, 8. iSi D. — B. albescens, Gtbr Helicolcnus, G. A: B. — H. dactylopterus, (Del.), G. & B maderensis, G. and B Pontinus, Poey — P. castor, Poey poUn.x, Poey Kuhlii, (BoVdicb), G. &. B Bibroni, (Sauvage), G. & B tilifcr, (Val.),G. & B canariensis, (.Sauvage), G. & B Rathbuni, G. & B macrolepis, G. & B longispinis, G. & B sierra, (Gilb.), G. & B hexauema, (Citbr. ), G. & B Plate and ligure. LXVI, 237 LXVI, 238 LXX.\IX,314 LXIV,232 LXVI, 239, 240 LXVII, 241 LXVII, 242 LXVII, 243 LXVIII, 244 LXVIII, 245 LXIX.247 LXVIII, 246 Page. 234 234 234 235, 521 235 235 236 237 237. 521 521 521 238 238,521 238 523 522 238. 522 522 239 240 240 241, 522 242 243, 522 244 245. 522 246 246 247 522 522 248 249. 523 250 252 252 253, 523 253 254 255 255 257 258 523 523 XX TAULE OF CONTENTS. Names of geuera aud species. TKr.Ki>€KPHALi — Contiuueatbyh( rcis, Ale. (= Benibrops) platyrhyncbus. Ale Chanipsoduu, Gthr. — C. vorax, Gthr ChiasmoilontidiB — Chiasiuodou, Jdhns. — C. uiger, .Johns Pouerodon, Ale. — P. vastator, Ale PseudosiMipchis, Liitkeu — P. scriiitiiH, Liitkeu Uranoseopida' — Uranoscopus, L. — U. crassiceps, Ale kaiauus, Gthr Batrachida — Poricbthys, Girard — P. porosissimus, (C. & \'.), Gthr Gobiida' — Gobiiis, Cuv. — G. couietes, Ale Lesueurii, Risso Jertreysii, Gthr Calliouymida' — Calliouvmus, L. — C. fyia, L kaiauus,- Gthr lalauropouHis, Gthr carlbaies. Ale phaitoM, Gthr hiuiantDphorus, G. & B maculatus, Kaf Sticha'ida' — Carelophns, Nils. — C. Asiauii, (Walb.), Gthr Anarrhichadida — Anarrhichas, L. — A. lupus, L minor, Olafsen latifrous, S. & H Ptiliibthyida — I'tiliclitliys, Bean — 1'. (iooilei, Bean /narcidu' — I Lycodes, Rhdt. — I L. Vahlii, Khdt Esmarkii, Coll LX.\ VII I, 272 reticulatn,s, Khdt LXXVIU, 273 ; LX XXI. 281 frigidus, ( dll i LX \ VI 1 1. 274 mucosus, KicU ' LXXVIII, 27.'>; LXXXI, 283 LX XV 1.266 LXXVI, '^67 -I- LXXVI, 268 LXXVII,269 LXXVII.270 LXXVII.271 LXXXVII,3(U 282 283, .".25 283, 525 283. 525 525 283 284 284 289 289 525 525 289 290. 526 526 291, .526 292, 526 293 292, .526 294 526 294 295, 526 295 296 296 296 296 296 296 526 298 299 301 .301 302 303 303 305 305 306 XXII TABLE OF CONTENTS. Names of genera and species. Tki.edcephali — Continued. Zoarcid:e — Contiuued. Lycodes, Rhdt. — (Continued. L. pall id us, Coll ])erspieillum, Kr Liitkeiiii seniinudus, Rhdt Sarsii, Coll zoarehns, G. & B brcvipes, Bean niairops, Gtlir Lycenclielys, Gill — h. nuinina, (Coll.), Gill Venillii, (G. * B. ), .Jordan paxillus, (G. & B.), .Ionian porif'er, Gilb ulbn-s, (V.),G. »fcB Lvcodonus, (i. & B. — L. miiabilis, G. &. B Aprodou, Gilb. — A. Corteziana Lycodopsis, Coll. — L. paciticus, Coll paxillus, Gilb Botbrocara, Bean — B. mollis, Bean Maynea — M. pusilla, Bean brunnea. Bean Gymnelis, Uhdt. — G. viridis, (Fab. ), Rhdt Lycodapus, Gilb. — L. tieiasfer, (iilb Melanostigma, Gthr. — M. gcbitinosum, Gthr Brotulida' — Bytbites, Rhdt:— U. fuscus, Rhdt Gramuionus, Gill — G. ater, (Risso), G. & B Oligopus — 0. ater armatus, DiJderlein Cataetyx, Gthr. — C. Messieri, Gthr rubrirostris, Ciilb Saccogaster, Ale. — S. maculatus, Ale Diplai authoponia, Gthr. — D. brachvsoma, Gthr Alcocki,G. & B Dicromita, G. A B. — D. Agassizii, G. & B metriostoma, (V.), G. & B microphthalma, (V.), G. & B oucerocephala, (V.), G. & B B.assozetus, Gill — B. nornialis. Gill conipressus, (Gthr. 1, G. &, B taenia, (Gthr.), G. & B catena, G. & B glutinosus. Ale Glyptophidiuni, Ale. — G. argentenm. Ale macropus Ale Derraatorus, Ale. — J), triehiurus. Ale melauocei)halus, Ale Neobythites, G. & B. ( = Pycnocraspedum Ale.)- N. Gillii, G. & B marginatus, G. & B macrops, Gthr cras.sus, (\'.), G. & B steatiticus. Ale sqnaniipinnis Benthocoiuetes, G. & B. — B. robustus. G. & B muiiuuolepis, (V.), ti. A B Plate and figure. LXXX, 278 LXXIX, 276; LXXXl, 283 LXXIX, 277 LXXX, 279, 282 LXXX,280 LXXXII, 284 LXXX II, 285 LXXXII, 287 LXXXII, 286 LXXXIII,289 LXXXIII,290 LXXXII, 288 Page. 306 307 307 307 307 308 526 526 309 309 311 527 527 312 527 528 527 528 526 526 313 528 314 316 317, 528 528 528 318 318, 528 318, 528 319, 528 528 319 320 320 321 322 322 323, 529 323 322. 528 324. 529 529 325. 529 325 325 326 326. .129 327 529 529 327 328 TABLE OF CONTENTS. XXllI Names of genera and species. TELKocurilALl — t'ou tinned. Urotuliila — Coutinned. BassosiSiis, tiill — H. Gillii, G. & B grandis, (Gthr. ), G. & B pteiotns, (Ale), (i. & 1$ stelliferoides, (Gilb.). G. &. M Alcockia, G. & B. — A. restrains, (Gthr. ), G. & B Celema, G. & B.— 0. nnda, (V.), G. & B snbarmata, (V.), G. & B Mcebia, G. &. B. — M. gracilis, (Gthr.), O. &. B liarathrodemns, G. tV- B. — B. nianatinns, G. & B Pycnocraspednni, Ale. — P. sqnaniipinnti, Ale Nematonns, (Uhr. — N. pectoralis, (G. & B.), Gtlir Porogadns, G. & B. — P. miles, G. & B Penopns, G. & B. — P. MacDonaldi, G. ct B Acantlionns, Gthr. — A. armatns, Gtbr Tanredopliidinm, Ale. — T. Hcxtii, Ale Pteroidonns, Gthr. — P. (ininqnarins, Gthr , Dicrolene, G. & B. (^Paradicrolene, Ale.) — 1). inlronigra, G. & B mnltifilis, Ale nigrieandis. Ale Vaillantii, Ale Mixonns, Gthr. — M. latieeps, Gthr .Siremljo, Blk. — S. inennis, (Sehl.), Blk Mouoniitopns, Ale. — M. nigripiunls, Ale Typhloniis, Gtlir. — T. nasiis, (ithr Barathronn.s, (J. &. B. — B. bicolor, G. A- B Aphyonus, (Uhr. — A. gelatinosns, Gthr , mollis, G. & B Rhodichthys, Coll. — K. regina. Coll Alexeterion, V. — A. Parfaiti,V Belhittia, (iigl.— B. apoda, Gigl Ilephtliocara, Ale. — II. simnm, Ale. .' LaniprograMinins, Ale. — L. uiger, Ale fragilis, Ale Ophidiida' — Opliidinni — I >. mnru'Holepis, Gthr Otophidinni, (iill — O. (imostigraa, (J. & G.), .Tnrdan Lepto]>hidinm, Gill — Ij. eervinnm, G. & B prdfiindornni, Gill marnioratnin, (i. & B pardale, Ciilli niiiTidepis, Gill> stigniatistiinii, Gilb enimelas, Gilb Ateleopodida' — Ateleopus, Sehl. — A. .iapouicus, S32 390, 531, 532 390, 531, 532 390,531,532 390. 532 390 390 .531 532 397, 533 398 400 400 400, 533 401 402 532 .532. 533 .532, 533 533 402 403, 533 404 402 4or> 407 408 533 409 410 4(19 XXVI TABLE OF CONTENTS. Names of genera and species. Anacantiiini — Continued. Maorurida — Cou tinned. Cetoniinis, (itUr. — C. globiceps, V crassieeps, Gthr Clialiuiira, (J. iV IS. — C Simula, (i. iS: B lirevil)arbis, (i. & B oceidentalis, (J. A B leptolepis, Gthr feruandezianus, (itlir liocephala, Gthr Murray i, Gthr serrula, Beau hispida, Ale mediterrauea, Gigl Optouurus, Gthr. — O. deutieulatu.s, Gthr Malacocephalus, Gthr. — M. la^vis, (Lowe), Gthr occideutalis, G. A B subla-vis, (V.) Nematonurus, Gthr. — N. armatus, ( Hector) gigas, (V.), G. & B aflSnis. ( Gthr. ) Moseleya, G. & B. — M. longitilis, (Gthr.), (i.& B Abyssieola, G. & B. — A. uiacroehir, (Gthr.), G. & B Traehyrhynehns, Giorna — T."scabrus, (Raf.), G. & B Murray!, Gthr longirostris, Gthr Macrurouus, Gthr. — M. novir-zelandiiP, (Hector), Gthr .. Steindachueria, G. & B. — S. argentea, G. & B Bathygadu.s, Gthr. — B. fav()su.s, G. & B arcuatus, G. & B longifilis, G. & B uear longitilis, Ale dispar, (V.), G. &. B maerops, G. & B melauobrauehns, V cotioides, Gthr mnltifilis, Gthr furvesceus, Ale Lyeouida' — Lyconus, Gthr. — L. piunatus, Gthr Heterosomata: Plenronectidai — Lcpidopsett.a — L. maculata, Gthr Chascanopsetta, Ale. — C. lugubris, Ale Pcecilopsetta, Gthr. — P. maculosa, Ale Limauda, (iottsehe — L. vulgaris, Gottsehe microstoma, Gthr ferruginea, (Storer), G. & B Beanii, Goode (ilyptocephalus, Gottsehe — G. eynoglossus, (L.), Gill Hippoglossiis, Cuv. — II. vulf;aris, Flem Platysomatiehthvs, Blkr. — i'. hipjioglo.ssoides, (Walb.), G. A- B P.araliehthvs, Girard — P. ohlongns, (Miteh.), .T Ileetoris, (ithr boops. Hector oeellatus, Gthr Notoscma, (i. A B. — N. dilceta, G. A B Plate and figure. XCVIII, 344 XCVIII,345 XCIX, 345 XCIX, 347 C,348 C,349 CI, 350 CI, 3.51 CI, 352 Cn,355 CII, 356 CV, 3113 CV, 3(!4 CIV, 362; C VI, 3(15 Page. 411 411 412 413 413 414 412 412 412 412 412 533 414 415 415 535 416 416 416 417 417 4 17, .534 418 417,534 418, 534 419 420 421 422 423 423 423 424 420 420 535 425 535 535 535 427 427 427 428 430 434 435 436 436 436 436 437 TABLE OP CONTENTS. XXVII Names of genera and species. Heterosomata — Contiuned. I'leuronectidie — Continued. Hipi'oglossoides, Gottsche — H. platessoides, (Fab.), Gill Lepidorliombus, Gthr. — L. megaatoma, (Don.), Gtlir Boscii, (Risso) Scianectes, Ale. — S. lopliO])t6ra, Ale iiiacroi)htlialma, Ale Trichopsetta, Gill — T. ventralis, (G. & B.), Gill Arnoglossiis — A. Grohmanni, Bon Platophrys, Sw. — P. uebulaiis, J. & G coruutus, Gthr Citharicbthys, BIkr. — C. arctifrons, Goode nnicornis, Goode microstomns, Gill spilopterus, Gtbr dinoceros, G. & B p<-Btula8, (G. &B.), J. & G Etropus, J. & G. — E. rimosna, G. & B Cyclopaetta, Gill — C. timbriata, G. & B Monolene, Goode — M. sessilicauda, Goode atrimana, G. ifeB Soleidie — Solea, Cuv. — S. vulgaris, Quensel Greeni, Gthr umbralites, Ale Microchirus, Bon. — M. variegatus, (Dou.), M profundicolua, (V.), G. & B Aphoristia, Kaup — A. nebulosa, G. & B septemstriata, Ale niarginata, G. & B pigra, G. &. B diomedeaua, G. & B pviailla, G. & B trifasciata Animopleurops, Gthr. — A. lacteus (Bon.), Gthr Arelia, Kaup^ A. Carpenteri, (Ale.) Craniomi : Triglidic, Risso — Trigla, Art. — T. cuculus, L gurnardns, L lyra, L leptaeantba, Gthr spiloptera, Gtbr hemisticta, .Scbl niilvus, Bp corax, Bp eavilloue Lepidotrigla, Gtbr. — L. cavillone, (Lac.) Prionotus, Lac. — P. niilitaris, G. & B ^ egretta, (i. & 15 Stearnaii, .1. & S alatua, G. & B ]>a]niipes, (Mitcli. ), Storer Beanii, Goode (wrongly named in jilate /'. trhiilulis). Peristediida- — Peristedion, Lac. — P. miuiatum, Goodo longispatha, (i. & I! i niberbe, Pocy Plate and figure. CVII, 367 CVIII,371 CIX, 372 C VI, 366 CVIII, 369 CVm, 370 ci'x,'373 CIV, 360, 361 CVII, 368 cm, 3.57 CII.', 358 CX, 375 CX, 376 CX, 377 CX, 378 CX, 379 CXI, .380;CXII,384 CXI, 381 CXI, 382 'cxii,'383 CXIII, 385 CXI V, 386 Page. 438 439 439, .535 440 440 440 536 441 442 442 444 446 447 447 448 450 451 452 455 457 536 536 457 457 458 536 459 460 460 461 537 462 462 463 537 463 463 463 463 463 403 537 463 364 4(>5 4i;6 467 468 468 470 472 472 XXVIII TABLE OF CONTENTS. Names of genera aud species. Plate and figure. Page. Craniomi — Continued. Peris tediidie— Continued. Peristediou, Lac. — Contiuued. P. gracile, G. & K platycephalum, G. & H truucatum, Gthr molucceuse, Blkr Murrayi, Gthr liorliyncliuiu, Gthr cat.Tphiactiim, (L.) Rivers-AndeiBoni, Ale Taeniosomi : Trachypteridie — Tracliypterus, Gouan — T.'iiis, (VValb.),C. & V grypUurus, Lowe arcticus, (Br.), Nils Ruppellii, Gtlir liopterus, C. &V cristatus, Bonelli repaudus, (Met.), Costa Spinola-, C. & V altivelisj Kuer alti veils, Hutton arawata, Clarke Kegalecidie — Kcgalecus, Brun. — R. glesne, Asc pacificus, Haase argeuteus, Hutton Styleplioridit — Stylt'phorus, Shaw — S. chordatus. Shaw Hemibranchii: Macrorhamphosidfe — Macrorhamphosus, Lac. — M. scolopax, (L.) Aulostoniidje — Aulostoma, Lac. — A. coloratum, M. & T chiuense, L longipes, V Pedici'lati : Lophiidie — Lopbius, Art. — L. piscatorius, L budegassa, Sp Naresii, Gthr Lophiomus, Gill — L. setigerus, (Wahl), Gill Lophiodes, G. & 13. — L. mutilus, (Ale.) lugubris, (Ale.) Aiiteunariida'- ■ Pterophryne, Gill — P. histrio, (L.), Gill Autennarius, Cuv. — A. pleurophthaliuus, (iill Chan n ax, Lowe — C. pictus, Lowe Ceiatiida' — Ccratias, Kr. — C. Holbdlli, Kr Diceratias, Gthr. — D. bispinosus, Gthr Mancalias, Gill — M. uranoscopns. (Murray), (iill Shufeldtii, Gill '. Cryptopsaras, Gill — C. Couesii, Gill caruuculatns, Gthr Oueirodes, Liitkeu — O. Eschrichtii, Liitkeu Paroueirodes, Ale. — P. glouierosiis, Ale Himantolo|)luis, l{bdt — H, gru'ulaudicus, RIkU. ( lig. iiiisiiumcd ' '. lifhilididlih. CXI V, 387 cxiv,;«8 CXV, 391 CXVi,'392 CXVII, 395 cxvi,;«w,:«i.i CXVII, 396 CXVII,397 CXVIII,400 CXVII, 3il8 CXVII, :i!l!t CXIX.401 cxi.\, lo:; 473 474 47.5 470 470, 537 470 537 537 477 478 479 479 479 479 480 480 480 480 480 CXLX, 1(11 CXX, 10.-. 480 480 480 482 483 484 484 484 485 4S5 485 485 537 537 486 487 487 489 489 190 490 491 •191 492 493 493 TABLE OF CONTENTS. XXIX Niiiues of genera and species. Plato and figure. Page. Pkuici'Lati — Continued. Ceratiidii' — Continued. Corynoloplius, Gill — C Reiubardtii, (Liitken), (Jill -Egeonichthys, Clarke — A. Appelii, Clarke Melanricetus, Gthr. — M. Johnsonii, Gthr Liocetus, Gthr. — L. Murray i, Gthr Linophryne, Collett — I J. lucifer, Collett Caulophryne, G. & B. — C. Jordaui, G. &. B. (plate as ('. setosus). (•uvhocephalida' — Ouillocephalus, (Fisch.), Gill — O.r.-idiatus, (Mitch.), G. & B vespertilio, (L.),G. & B Maltliopsis, Ale. — M. lutens, Ale Halienta'a, C. &, V. — H. stellata, C. & V coeciuea, Ale nigra, Ale spongiosa, Gilb funiosa, Ale llalieutella, G. & B.— H. lappa, G. & B Diliranchu's, Peters — D. atlanticus, Peters nasutus, Ale mieropus, Ale Halicmetus, Ale. — H. ruber. Ale Halieutichthys, Poey — H. aculeatus, (Mitch.), Goode Appendix : Additions and corrections Alphabetical index CXX, 406 CXX, 407 CXX I, 408 CXXI,400 CXIX, 403 CXXI,410 CXXII, 412 CXXn,413 CXXII, 414 494 494 494 495 496 496 49K 499, 537 537 499 499 537 537 537 500 501 537 537 503 504 507 539 LIST OF THE NEW GExNERA AND SPECIES OF DEEP-SEA FISHES, DESCRIBED BY THE AUTHORS, WITH ETYMOLOGIES. NEW GENERA. AbYssicoLA Dwelling in the abysses of the 8e;i (afivddoi, a Ijottomli-ss pit, aud ACROTUS Without oars ; iu allusion to the abseuce of ventral fins («, privative, and KpoTo'^, an oar or paddle). jEtiioprora With a flashing light ahead {A'Agdv, flashing, and 7tp(^pa, the prow of a vessel). Aldkovanuia In honor of Aldrovandi, the Italian ichthyologist of the sixteenth century. Amitra Without a belly-plate («, privative, and iilrpa, a plate worn below the cuirass by Greek warriors) ; in allusion to the abse)ice of the ventral disk. Baratiirodkmus A dweller iu the depths (ftdpnOpov and dijfioi). Barathronvs An (>««.3-liko (ish from the deiiths (fJdpaOpof and oVo5). Batiiylaco A warrior of tlie ocean depths (fiaOi'i and A a km/-). Benthocometes A dweller in the depths {(Uvljoi, the depths, aud xufD'/fi/i). Bentiiodesmus A deeji-sea ribbon (/isyfJoi and SftJ/u)!). Benthosaurus A lizard-like fish from the depths of the sea {ftevOoi and 6avpoi). Benthosema A deep-sea coustellation {ftey'ioi aud dij/-ia ) ; in .allusion to the number and brilliancy of its luminous spots. BoNAPARTiA In honor of Lucien Bonaparte, Prince of Cauino, the illustrious Italian ichthyologist. BoTiiRorARA With cavities in the head (/ioOpo!, a pit, aud xapa, liead). Caiilopiiryne A /7in/«e-like fish with the cephalic tentacle supported on a stem-like base (xavXoi, a stem, and (ppvtn/, a toad). Celejia A fanciful name, from mfXypxa, a charm. Cbtomimus " Very like a whale'' {yif)ro^ and n'lf-iui). C'halinura With a tail like a strap (^orA/co; aud ovpa), CoLLETTiA In honor of Dr. Robert Collett, the Norwegian ichthyologist. CoNocARA With a conical head (««ii'o?, a cone, and Hctpa, head). Cyclothone With rounded opercular flaps (kl'kAoS, round, and oOovr/, a veil). Dasy'COTTu.s A thick-tailed Cottiis (Sadvi and «orroS). Delotuy'RIS Transparent as a window (i5);AoS, clear; Ovpii, a window). Durolene ." With forked pectoral fins (Sinpo?, cleft; ibXii'ti, an arm). DicuoJUTA Having the ventrals represented by a pair of thread-like rays (Sinpo?, double, aud /iiroS, a thread). Electrona Full of light (ijXeHTpov). GiOLioi.iA In honor of Commendatore Enrico HillyerGiglioli, the Italian ichthyolo- gist, director of the Royal Museum of Natural History iu Floreuce. Gramjiatostomias A Sloiiiiii«, ornamented with stripes {ypdi-ina, a line, and Stumias). Haliei'Tell.v A snuiller HnUi'iitaa. Haruiotta In honor of Thomas Harriott, the first Eluglish man of science who made explorations in America. Helicolenus With strong ]iectoral fins {t'jXiho?, strong, and chXsvr), an arm). Hilgendorfia In honor of Dr. Franz Hilgendorf, the German ichthyologist. Hy'POCLVDo.nia From far beneath the waves (imo and KXvSoav). HvPSicoMKTES A dweller in deep water (i'0', in t>i and Laliliia). Lycodonus A genus resembling Lijvodcs. (The termination onus is without siguili. cauce.) Mai.acocotti's A soft-bodied Coitus (iiaXaHoi and Korro5). Manducus A voracious feeder (Manducun, a grotesiiuo, marked tigure representing a person chewing, used in the Koman theater in classical days). MiEBiA In honor of Prof. Karl Miibius, director of the Berlin Zoological Museum. MoNoi.KNE With a single pectoral fin (woj'oS, single; cbXevt/, an arm.) MoNOMlTRA Without a ventral disk {ftoyoi, deprived o(, jiirpa. a shield for the belly). MosELEYA In honor of Henry Nottidge Moseley, F. R. S., one of the naturalists of the Challenger. Neobythites A newly discovered genus allied to liijlhilea (yeoi and /jvOin/i). NoroSEMA With a banner-like dorsal tin (i'mtoi', the back, and dif/ta, a banner). Penopu.s With thread-like ventral fins {xijvr/, a thread, and tiov?, a foot). POROGAUUS A r;nrfH8-like fish, with openings in its skin (jrdpoS and Gadua). PoROMiTKA With openings in its shields (;r opo? and //i'r/aa) ; in allusion to the central depression in each round, concentrically-grooved scale. EONDELETIA lu houor of GuiUaume Hondelet, the French ichthyologist of the six- teenth century. Steindachneria In honor of Dr. Franz Steiudachiier, the Austrian ichthyologist. Talismania For the French steamer Ta/isnin/i, engaged in deep-sea esplorafion in the northeast Atlantic. Yaruella In honor of William Yarrell, the British ichthyologist. NEW SPECIES. ^quatoris (Talism.ania) Taken under the equator. AgaSSIZII (AU-pocephalus) In honor of Alexander Agassi?,, director of the Museum of Comparative (Bathysaiirus.) Zoology and of several deeji-sea cxjiloring expeditions — the leading (Dicromita.) spirit in American thalassographic research. (Scorpieua. ) alascanus (Sebastolobus) Found in Alaska by Dr. Bean. ALATUS (Lampany ctus) Having long, wing-like fins. (Prionotus.) Alcocki Argyropelecus In honor of Capt. Surg. A. Alcock, director of the Indian Museum, Cal- (Diplacauthopoma.) cutta, and of his discoveries in the deep-sea ichthyology of the Indian Ocean. ANTILLARUM (Talismania) Taken among the Antilles. aquilonaris (Anthias) Northern (aquilo. the north wind). ARCTIFRONS (Cltharichthys) With a narrow forehead (arceo and/roiis). ARGENTEA (Bathyclupea) Glittering like silver. (Steindachneria.) ARCUATUS (Bathygadus) With a curved or arched jirofile {arcua, a bow). ATLANTICU.S (Benthodesmus) An Atlantic form. (Bregmaceros.) ATRIMANA (Monolene) Black-handed (nii-r and manus) ; in allusion to the dark ti]i of the single pectoral. Bairdii (Macrurus) In honor of Prof. Spencer FuUcrton Baird, secretary of the Smithsouian Institution, founder of the United States Fish Commission. BARHATULA (Lajiiionenia) With a little beard. Beanii (Limanda) Named by Mr. Goode In honor of his colleague. Dr. Bean. (Prionotus.) BELLA (Hypoclydonia) Beautiful Benedicti (Batbylagns) In honor of James E. Benedict, naturalist of the AlhatroKn. BicoLOR (Barathronus) Of two colors. (Rondeletia.) Blackfordi (Yarrella) In honor of Eugene G. Blackford, of New York, lisli (iiHniistand angler, president of the New York State Fish Comniission brevibarbls (Chalinura) Short-bearded. brevipe.s (Lycodes) With short ventral fins. brunnea (Maynea) Brownish, tawny. LIST OF THE NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF DEEP-SEA FISHES. XXXIII CAriTO ( Poromitra) Large-headed. CAKAi'iNis (CorypliH'iioides) Resembling in form the gouus Carapus. CAUiBii.Kus (Ca'lorhynchus) From the Caribboau Sea. CASTANEUS (Notoscopeliis) Chestnut-hucd. CATENA (Bassozetus) Having a chain-like row of pores along the lateral line (catena, a chain). CAVERNOSUS (Hymcnocephalus) Witli depressions in the skull. CEUVINUM (Leptophidiiim) Spotted like .a fawn. ciiALYBEius (Chlorophthalmus) Of a stecl-liko luster {XaXvfte'ioi). ciiAiMELEONTlcErs (Lopholatilus) ..Having a head with a muchal appendage suggesting that of tlio African chameleon, (ChanieJeu). CuESTEKi (Phycis) In honor of Capt. Hubbard C. Chester, of the United States Fish Com- mission, sailing master of the Arctic exploring steamer I'ulaiia, and later engaged in deep-sea work. ciniiATUS (Phycis) Bearded (cirra). C'OPKi (Paraliparis) In honor of Prof. Edward Drinker Cope, of the University of Penn- sylvania, a leader in American vertebrate zoology. CUUENTIFEU (Pisoodonophis) Sanguinary, cruel; in allusion to its habit of boring into the llesh of living fishes. DENTATCS (Graramatostomias) With conspicuous teeth. DiLECTA (Notosema) Admired, beloved (diligo) ; in allusion to the beauty of the species. DINOCEROS (Citharichthys) With a strong spine or "horn" ui)on the forehead (Ssivo? and Hiftojioi XEpOOi). DiOMEDlANA (Aphoristia) To perpetuate in ichthyological literature the name of the deep-sea DiOMEDiANUS (Hoplunnis). exploring steamer -liftaiross. See Pardionis. Eaullii (Phycis) In honor of R. Edward Earll, of the United States Fish Commission and National Museum, Ijy whom the species was discovered. EFFULGENS (^thoprora) Gle.aming, phosphorescent. EGRETTA (Prionotus) In allusion to the elongate dorsal ray, resembling the plume of an Egretta. EURVOPS (Bathylagus) Large-eyed (swpus and wip). (Icelus.) K.\vosus (Bathygadus) Cavernous (from/a»its, a honeycomb); in allusion to the cavities in the skull. FIMBRIATA (Cyclopsetta) With fringed fins (fimbria:, fringe). FLAVA (Congermunena) Tawny-hued. FULVUS (Physiculus) Tawny. GEMMIFER (Lampauyctus) Covered with gem-like studs. (Astronesthes.) GiLLii (Bassogigas) In honor of Dr. Theodore Gill, the Nestor of American Ichthyology, (Cetomimus.) 1895. (Labichthys.) (Lipogenys.) (Neobythites.) (Stephanoberyx.) GOBioiDES (Hypsicometes) Resembling a Gohiiis. GRACILE (Aldrovandia) Slender and graceful in form. (Jlyctophum.) (Peris tedion.)^ (Photonectcs.) GR.U.LATOR (Bcnthosaurus) Having extremities like stilts. HiMAM'oPHORUS (CalUouymus) Having a thong-like extension of the middle ray of the tail fin (i'fio:? and tps'psiv). HOLOLEPis (Cyttus) Completely covered with scales (o.lia? and Af/T/?). in distinction from certain species in the same genus which are partly naked. INTRONIGRA (Dicrolene) Black within; in allusion to the dark peritoneum. Jordan: (Caulophryne) In honor of David Starr .Jordan, president of Leland Stanford .Junior University, one of the most learned and jiroductive of ichthyologists. LACERTA (Lauipanyctus) With a lizard-like head. LAPPA (Ualieutella) A spiny species (lappa, a burr). LiPAUiNA (Amitra) Resembling the genus Liparis. LONGispiNis (Pontinus) With very long spines in the first dorsal lin. i.ucn>A (.Ethoprora) Shining, bright, full of light. MacDonaldi (Conocara) In honor of Col. Marshall McDonalil. United States Commissioner of (Nannobrachium.) Fisheries since 1888. (Penoi)us. ) 19868— No. :>. 111 » XXXIV LIST OF TIIK NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF DEEP-SEA FISHES. MaCOI'NI (Cliaiiliodus) Named by Dr. lican in Iioiior of I'idI'. .Iulm ('. M:icouii, of th(^ (ioolonical Survey of Canada. JIACKOI-Ens )Poiitiiiiis) Covered with large scales (ndnpoi and Xtnii). niACUOPS (Batliygadus) Large-eyed. MAiiKUENSis (IIclicoleiiiiB) Jladeiran. MANATiNl'S (Baratlirodeiims) With a head shaped like (hal. of a Nea low (Miinalun). Maugarita (Echiostoma) In eoniplinient to Miss Margaret . MAHGAltlTlFEllUS (Notoscopelus) . ..Ornamented with pearl-like studs. MARGlNATA (Aphoristia) With a marginal line at base of vertical fins. IIAROINATDS (Ncobythites) With dark margins to the vertical tins. MARMORATUM (Lcptophidium) Marbled. MELANiiRUM (La-mouema) With a black tail (/(EAa5 and ovpa). MILES (Porogadus) Warlike (»n7es, a soldier). MILITARIS (Prionotus) Soldier-like; in allusion fo the i)lumo-liko rays iu tlie dorsal fin. MINIATUM (Peristedion) Ciuuabar-rcd {minium, eiuuabar). MiiiAiiiLis (Lycodouus) Remarkable ; in allusion to peculiar strncturo of dorsal and anal fins. MOLLIS ( Aphyouus) Soft, flabby, gelatinous. (Bothrocara.) MosELEYi (Gigliolia) In honor of the late Heury Nottidge Moseley, F. R. S., Linacre professor in the University of Oxford, and one of the naturalists of the Chul- lengcr Expedition. NEBUL08A (Aphoristia) With cloudy colorations. OCCA (Cfclorhynclms) Rough-scaled {occa, a harrow). OCCIDENTALIS (Chalinura) From the Western Atlantic. (Epigonus.) (Malacocephalus.) OPALlNCM (Myctophum) Decorated with opal-like studs (npahis, an opal). r.ETULUS (Cithariehthys) Slightly cross-eyed. I'ALLiDA (Aldrovandia) Pale; colorless. Panuionis (Glossamia) To preserve iu ichthyological literature the memory of the deeji-soa work of the United States Fish Commission steamer Fish Hawk, (raiidiun, the generic name of the American ilshhawk.) PARADOXUS (Psychrolutes) Astonishing, and hard to identify relationship. PARMATUS (Set.arches) With scales like round shields {itapMr/). PARVipiNNis (Dicrotus) With feeble fins. PAXILLOIDES (Lycenchelys) A little peg or spike (paxilhis) ; in .allusion to the spindle-like body. PAXILLUS (Lycenchelys) Spindle-shaped. PECTORALis (Nematonus) Having conspicuous pectoral (ins. PEDALIOTA (Bonapartia) Having a rudder-like fin (TTt/daAiairoi). PUASGANORUS (Notacanthus) Scabbard-shaped {qidSyavov, a scabbard). piGRA (Aphoristia) Sluggish and slow (jpiger). PLATYCEPHALUM (Peristcdion) Fl.at-headed. PROCERA (Venefica) Elongate. PROFUNDORUM (Scylliorhiuus) Out of the depths. PUSILLA (Aphoristia) Small, insignificant. (Maynea.) QUERCiNUS (Notoscopelus) In color like a dry oak le.af. Kaleighaka (Harriotta) In honor of Sir Walter Raleigh, explorer and niau of science. RANULA (Careproctus) Like a tadpole in looks {ranula, a little frog). Rathbuni (Pontinus) In honor of Dr. Richard Rathbuu, natiir.alist, long chief of the division of scientific inquiry in the United States Fish Commission. remiger (Myctophum) Having loug, oar-like pectoral (ins {n'miia .-iiid gcru). EiMosu8(Etropus) Kough-looking, full of cracks and fissures {rima). ROUUSTUS (Benthocometes) Heavy-bodied, robust. scutiger (Icelus) With scales like shields. 8ENTICOSA (Halieutiea) Prickly. SERRULA (Chalinura) With a saw-edged fin spine (scrrtila, a little saw). SESSILICAUDA (Monoleiie) Having no caudal peduncle {sesailia, sessile, and cauda). setiger (Da.sycottus) With a bristle-like fin ray. SIMULA (Chalinura) Pug-nosed (simulns). speculigera (Lampadeua) Covered with glistening mirrors {speculum and gcro). Storeri (Cetomimus) In honor of the Late Dr. David Humphreys Storer, of Boston, a ])ioneer in American ichthyology. striata (Argentina) Alluding to the furrow-like stripe along the lateral line. SULCATUS (Coryphx'noides) Furrowed {sulca). LIST OF THE NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF DEEP-SEA FISHES. XXXV TORVUs (Cottunculus) Gloomy and savage in asjiect. TUUCULENTi's (Chloiojilitlialnius) ..Savage-looking. UNICOUNI.S (Citliariclitli.vs) With one liorn upon the forehead. VKNTKALis (Tricliopsetta) With couspicuoiis ventral lins. Veurillii (Lycenchelys) In honor of Prof. Addison E. Verrill, of Yale University, a leader and pioneer in American deeii-sea research. VKiLA (Antimora) Violet-hued. vioLACEUS (Thyrsitops) Of a violet color. WiLLOUGUBYi (Acrotus) For Mr. Charles Willoughby, of Damon. Washington, who collected the type specimen. ZEiiKA (Psychrolntes) Striped like a zebra. ZOARCHUS (Lycodes) Resembling the genns Zoarcen. ZONURUS (Malacottus) With a baud of color ou the tail O^aivt/ and ovpd). OCEANIC ICHTHYOLOGY. LIST OF PLATES AND FIGURES. Note — Tho actual size of thft upooiriionH Irom which the figures are drawn may, in moat instances, bo dotcrmiucd by the liae of the inch mark beueatii the engraving, which in thi^ i>hotographic reduction of the drawing is reduced in the same proportion as the drawing itself. Where this is not present, the scale of reduction is approximately indicated in this list of plates, except in tlu^ case of outlines copied from published figures and of large sjiecies of very variable length, such as the sharks and rays. Where no reference to length appears either upon the plate or in the list of figures, it may bo assumed that the figure is of natural size, or nearly so. PLATE I. Text page. 1. Myxine gliitinosa, Linnit'us 2 IJruwiiiK Ijy II. L. Toild, from No. 23466, U. S. N. M. (Gloucester Donation No. 287), N. lat. iS'^ 33', W. Ion. 52'^ 10', 300 fathoms. 2. Myxine australis, .Tonyus 3 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from a specimen collected by the steamer ^i6a(ross at Station 2770, ill S. bit. 48 ' 37' 00", W. Ion. 65'^ 46' 00", at a depth of 58 fathoms. 3. Petromyzon marinus, Linnicus.. 4 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 10654, U. S. N. M., collected at Wood's HoU, Mass., by Viual N. Edwards. PLATE II. 4. Scymnorhinus lichia, (Bonnatorro), Bonaparte 7 Druwinj;- from Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, PI. 142. 5. Etmopterus pusillus, ( Lowe), Giinther 10 Drawing by II. L. Todd, from a specimen collected by the steamer Blake at Station cviii, oft' St. Kitt's, West Indies, in 208 fathoms. (About three-fourths natural size.) •i. Scylliorhinus retifer, (Garinaii), .Jordan 10 Drawing by H. L. Toild, from a specimen collected by the steamer Blake at Station cvii, otf Barbados. (Sliglitly reduced.) 7. Ceutroscylliiim Fabricii, (Roinhardt), Miiller and Henle 11 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from No. 22879, U. S. N. M., collected by George W. Scott, in N. lat. 44^ 23', W. Ion. 53*^ 25', at a depth of 200 fathoms. PLATE III. 8. Somniosus microcephalus, (Schneider), Goode and Bean 7 Outline from Day, Fishes of Great Britain and Ireland, PL CLXII, Fig. 1. '.I. Echinorhinus spinosus, (Gmeliu), Blainville 8 Outline from Day, Fishes of Great Britain and Irol.and, Vol. ii, PI. n.xii, Fig. 2. 10. Pristiurus nielastomus, (Ralinesciue). Bonaparte 20 lira wing from Annates du Mns(=e d'Hist. Nat. Paris, Vol. xviii, PI. vi. 11. Centrophorus granulosus, Miillor and Henle 12 Uutline from Jliilkr and lionle, Elasmobranchs, PI. 33. 1* 2* DEEP-SEA FISHES UF THK ATLANTIC BASIN. PLATE IV. Text jL-ijif. 12. Scymnodon ringens, Bocage aud Capello 1 1 OrawiDii from Bocafje and Capello, Peix. Plagiost., Vol. i, PI. i. Fig. 1. lo. Ceuti oscyniuus coelolepis, Bocage and Capello 14 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 26219, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fidli HanU at Station 893, off Marthas Vineyard, N. lat. 39^ .52' 20", W. Ion. 70- 58' 00 ", in 372 fathoms. (About two-thirds natural .size.) 14, 15. Scylliorhiuus retifer, (Garman), Jordan ^ 16 Drawings by H. L. Todd, from No. 26745, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fhh Hunk at Station 896, in N. lat. 37^ 26 . W. Ion. 74'^ 19', at a depth of 5G fathoms, PLATE V. 1 li. Scylliorhiuus profimdorum, Goude and Bean 17 Drawing by ^L M. .'^iiiitli, from No. 35646, V, S. N. M., collected by the steamer Alhdlross at Station 2234, in N. lat. 3d^ 09', W. Ion. 72^^ 03' 15", at a depth of 810 fathoms. 17. Spiuax uiger, Bonaparte ID Drawing from Bonajjarte, Fauna Italica. 18. Pseudotriacis microdon, Capello 18 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 32516, U, S, N. M., from Amagau.sett, N. Y., collected by .1. B. Edwards, keeper of Suffolk Life-Saving Station. (About ouc-scventeenth natural size.) 19. Cetorhiuus maximus, Gunner 21 Drawing from Annales du Mus^e d'Hist. Nat. Paris, Vol. xviii, PI. vi; reeugravcd from Fish. Ind., PI. 249, upper figure. PLATE VI. 20. Pristiurus atlauticus, Vaillaut 21 Outline from Vaillant, Explorations Scientifiques du Travaillcur it Tali.sman, PI. i. Fig. 1. 21 . Oxyuotus ceutrina, (Linnieus), Eafinesque 15 Drawing from Bonaparte, Fanua Italica, PI. 141. 22. Chlamydoselachus auguineus, Garman 22 Outline from Day, Fishes of Great Britain and Ireland, PI. ci.xxiv. PLATE VII. 23. Raia Ackleyi, Garmau 25 Drawing by J. C. Van Hook, from No. 43726, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Slake on Y)icatau Banks, Gulf of Mexico. 24. Raia Ackleyi ornata, Garmau 26 Drawing by J. C. Van Hook, from No. 43727, U. 8. N. M., from the Museum of Comparative Zoology, collected at a depth of 138-142 fathoms. (Slightly enlarged.) PLATE VIII. 25. Raia circularis, Couch 27 Outline from Day, Fishes of Great Britain aud Ireland, PI. CLXXiv. 26. Raia plutonia, Garman 27 Outline by J. C. Van Hook, from a specimen collected by the steamer Blake, in about N. lat. 32^, \V. Ion. 78", at a depth of 229-334 fathoms, PLATE IX. 27. Raia radiata, Donovan 2.5 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 23514, U. S. N. M., collected by the I'. S. Fish Commission off Provincetown, Mass. (About four-sevenths natural size.) 28. Raia hyperborea, Collett 28 Outline from Collett, Fishes Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition, PI. ix. 29. Raialoevis, Mitchill 28 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 21577, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer 7'i.s/i Hawk at Station 771, in Narragansett Bay, at a depth of 8i fathoms. 30. Raia granulata. Gill 29 Drawing by II. L. Todd, from the type specimen, collected by Capt. .loseph W. Collins, of the Gloucester fishing fleet, on Le Have Bank. (About one-fourteenth natural size.) LIST UF PLATES AND FIGUKES. 3* PLATE X. Text page. ;il. Chimaera monstrosa, Limuuus 31 Outlino from ISDnupaite, Fauna Italica, PI. 130. 3-'. Chimaera afiBuis, Capelli) 31 Drawiiii? by H. L. Todil, from a specimen collected on the southeastern portion of Le Have Bank, in N. lat. 42- 40', W. Ion. 63° 23'. (About one-seventh natural size.) 33-35. Chimaera affiuis, Capello 31 Drawings by S. F. Denton, from a specimen collected by the schooner Centennial, Capt. D. C. Murphy, off Banquereiu\-, in N. lat. 43'^' 46', W. Ion. 59° 19'. (Natural size.) ol>. Callorhynchus antarcticus, (Linnieus) 32 Outline from Zoology of Beechey's Voyage, PI. xxiii. PLATE XI. 37. oS. Harriotta Raleighaua, Goode and Beau 33 Drawings by M. JI. Smith, from No. 35631, U. S. N. Jl., collected by the steamer Albatruss at Station 2235, in N. lat. 39° 12' 00 ", W. Ion. 72° 03' 30", at a depth of 707 fathoms. 39,40. Harriotta Raleighana, Goode and Bean 33 Ihawings by S. F. Dintim, from No. 3.5520, V. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross, at Stati.in 2210, iu X. lat. 39 37' 45 ", W. Ion. 71= 18' 45", at a depth of 991 fathoms. (About one and three-fourths natural size.) PLATE XII. 41. Alepocephalus rostratus, Risso 36 Outline frtim Cuvier and Valenciennes, Histoire Naturelle des Polssous de la France, PI. 566. 42. Alepocephalus uiger, Giiuther 38 Outline from Giinther, (Challenger Report, Vol. xxii, PI. lvi. 43. Couocara macroptera, (Vaillaut), Goode and Bean 39 Outline from Vaillant, Expeditious Scieutifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, PI. xi, Fig. 2. 41. Bathytroctes macrolepis, Giinther 41 Outline from Giiuther, Challenger Report, Vol. xxn, PI. LVii, Fig. A. PLATE XIII. 4.">. Alepocephalus Agassizii, Goode and Bean 37 Drawing by H. L. Todd, I'rom No. 33056, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross at Sta- tion 2030, in N. lat. 39° 29' 45 ", W. Ion. 71° 43', at a depth of 588 fathoms. 46. Alepocephalus productus, Gill 37 Drawing by H. L. Tcidd, from type No. 33341, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatrost at Station 21135, in N. lat. 39° 26' 16", AV. Ion. 70° 02' 37", at a depth of 1,362 fathoms. 47. Alepocephalus Bairdii, Goode and Bean 38 Drawing by H. L. Todd, I'mni type No. 22468, U. S. N. Jl. (Gloucester Donation No. 305), col- lected by Christian Johnson, of the schooner William Thompson, on the Grand Banks, in 200 fathoms. (About one-fourth natural size.) 48. Couocara McDonaldi, Goode and Bean 39 Drawing by S. F. Denton, from a specimen collected by the steamer Blake at Station CLXXii, in N. lat. 24° 36', W. Ion. 84° 05', at a depth of 955 fathoms. PLATE XIV. 4:i. Bathytroctes autiUarum, Goode and Bean 41 Drawing by SI. il. Smith, from type No. 43739, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross at Station 2394, iu N. lat. 28° 38' 30", W. Ion. 87° 02', at a depth of 420 fathoms. 50. Bathytroctes ccquatoris, Goode and Bean H Drawing by A. H. lialdwin, from a specimen obtained by the steamer Albatross at Station 2793, in N. lat. 01° 03 , \V. Ion. 80° 15', at a depth of 741 fathoms. 51. Aleposonius Copei, (Jill ■^^ Drawing by H. L. Todd, from type No. 33551, U. S.N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross at Station 2099, iu N. lat. 37° 12''20 ", AV. Ion. 69° 39', at a depth of 2,949 fathoms. 4* UEBP-SKA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 'lV\t jia^e. 51'. Pterothiissus gissu, IliltjiiKloil' .">! Outline liuiu Giiutln.!', Challuiiger Koporl, Vnl. xxii, Tl. lvi. I'ij;. A. (.Vhoiit one-lialf uatunil size.) I'LATE XV. 53. Platytroctes apus. Giiiitber Ifi HutliiR- from (iiintlicr, Clialleiigei- Kcjiort, \\}]. xxii, I'l. i,\ in. Fig. A. 51. Aiiomalopterus pinguis, ^'aillant i'J Outline from Vaillaut, Expeditious Scieutiliijues ilu TravailW iir et du Talisuiaii, I'l. xi, Vig. I. 55. Aulastomatomorpha phosphorops, Alcnck 50 Ontlini' t'ri)iii AVnod-JIasuu. Natural History Notes from H. M. ludiau survey steamer /«i7t'»tij/a(or, No. I'l. Fii;. 1. (< Inc-lialt' natural size.) 5G. Leptoderma macrops, A'aillaiit 49 Outiinc i'roni \'aillaut., Expeditions .Scieutilii|nis chi Travailkur et du Talisman. I'l. xii. Fig. 2. PLATE XVI. 57. Xeuodermichthys nodulosus, Giintber 46 t)utliue from (Uiutlier, Cballeuger Report, Vol. xxii, I'l. i.vili, Fig. C. 58. Aleposomus socialis, ( Vaillaut), Goode and Beau 4S Outline from Vaillaut, Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, I'l. xiii. Fig. 1. 59. Microstoma rotundatutn, (Risso), Giiuther 53 Outline from Cuvier aud Valencienues, Histoire Naturelle des Poissons de la Franee, \'ol. x\ in, PI. 544. 611. Harpodon macrochir, Giintber 59 Outline from Giintber, Cballeuger Report, Vol. xxii, PI. .xlvii, Fig. A. PLATE XVII. 61. Argentina silus, (Aseauius), Nilssou 52 Drawing l>y H. L. Todd, from No. 37801, U. S. N. M., collected by E. H. Bunker, Fletchers Neck Life-Saviug Station, Biddeford, Me. (About one-balf natural size.) 62. Argentina striata, Goode and Beau 52 Drawing by A. II. Baldwin, from type No. 43858, U. S. N. M., collected by tbe steamer Albatrosn at Station 2402, iu N. lat. 28° 36', W. Ion. 85° 33' 30", at a depth of 111 fathoms. 63. Bathylagus euryops, Goode and Bean 55 Drawing by A. II. Baldwin, from 31861, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross in N. lat. 39° 52', W. Ion. 70° 30', at a depth of about 600 fathoms. 64. Bathylagus Beuedicti, Goode and Bean 55 Drawing by \. II. Baldwin, from a specimen collected by the steamer Albatross at Station 2711, iu N. lat. 38- 59', W. Ion. 70° 07', at a depth of 1,344 fathoms. PLATE XVIII. 65. 66. Bathysaurus feros, Giiuther 58 Drawings liy H. L. Todd, from a specimen obtained by the steamer Blake at Statiou CCCXLI, iu N. lat. 39- 38' I'll ', W. Ion. 70'^ 56', at a depth of 1,241 fathoms. 67,68. Ipnops Murrayi, Giintber 67 Drawings by H. L. Todd, from a specimen . Bathypterois quadrifilis, Giintlier 65 I Ira wing by A. It. lialdwin, from a .speciuieu collected by the steamer Blake at Station xcviii, oft' St. A'incent. 76. Bathypterois longipes, Giinther 66 Drawing by M. M. Smith, from No. 35635, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Alhalruss at Station 2225, in N. lat. 36^ 05' 30", W. Ion. 69° 51' 45", at a depth of 2,512 fathoms. PLATE XXL 77. Rondeletia bicolor, Goode and Hean 68 1 Irawing by H. L. Todd, from tyjie No. 38202, 1'. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross at Station 2724, in N. lat. 36 ' 47', W. Ion. 73- 25', at a depth of 1,041 fathoms. (Enharged one- half.) 78. Cetomimus Gillii, Goode and Bean 69 Drawing by M. Jl. Smith, from type No. 35529, IT. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross at Station 2206, in N. lat. 39° 35', W. Ion. 71" 24' 30", at a depth of 1,043 fathoms. ""J. Cetomimus Storeri, Goode and Bean 69 Drawing by M. M. Smith, from type No. 35634, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross at Station 2222, iu N. lat. 39" 03' 15", W. Ion. 70 .50' 45 ", at a depth of 1,.535 fathoms. PLATE XXII. 80. Myotophum punctatum, Rafineaqne 71 Drawing by H. I.. Todd, from No. 23309, U. S. N. M., collected by Capt. Matt. Ryan and crew. Gloncester fishing lleet, on the Grand Bank. 81. Myctophum opalinum, Goode and Bean 72 Drawing by J. (;. Van Hook, from No. 43798, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Allialrus!< at Station 2585, in N. lat. 39" 08' 30", W. Ion. 72" 17', at a depth of 542 fathoms. (Natnral size.) 82. Myctophum Humboldtii, (Risso), Goode and Bean 73 Drawing liy .1. C. Van Hook, from No. 43772, U. S. X. >!., collected by the steamer Albatross at Station 2727, in N. lat. 36" 35', W. Ion. 74 03' .30 , at a depth of 1,239 fathoms. 83. Myctophum Beuoiti, (Cocco), Goodo and Bean 74 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from a specimen collected at Messina, Italy, by Prof. It. II. Giglioli. 84 . Myctophum remiger, Goode and Bean 75 Drawing by J. C. Van Hook, from type No. 43792, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross at Station 257:!, in X. lat. 40" 34' 18", \V. Ion. 66- 09' 00", at a depth of 1,742 fathoms. 85. Benthosema Miilleri, Goode and Bean 76 Drawing by A. II. Baldwin, from No. 2K839, V. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fish HuiHk at Station 953, iu N. lat. 39" 52' 30", W. Ion. 70" 17' 30", at a depth of 724 fathoms. PLATE XXIII. 86. Lampanyctus crocodilus, (Risso), (ioodo and Bean 79 Drawing by A. II. lialdwin, from a specimen collected at Nict^, and obtained through the Royal Zoological JIusenm at Florence, Italy. 87. Lampanyctus Gemellarii, (Coooo), Goode and Bean 80 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from No. 44170, U. S. N. M., obtained from Messina by Prof. II. II. Giglioli, director of the Royal Zoological Mnseum, Florence, Italy. 88. Lampanyctus gemmifer, (ioode and Beau 80 Drawing by A. II. Baldwin, from tyiie No. 3.5604, U.S.N. M., collected l)y the steamer Albatrots at Station 2201, in N. lat. 39' 39' 45 ', W. Ion. 71 35' 15", at a dci>tli of .5:fS fitljoms. 6* DEEP-SEA FISHES OK THE ATLANTIC BASIN. PLATE XXIV. Text pat;e. 89. Larapanyctus lacerta, Goode and Bean «1 Drawiu;!^ by A. H. Ualdwin, from type No. -1377S, V.S. N. M., collected by the steamer Alhalronx at Station 2101, in N. lat. 28^ 38' 30", W. Ion. 85^ 52' 30", at a depth of 142 fatlioras. 90. Lampanyctus Guntheri, Goode and Hean 7!t Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from type No. 43777, U. S. N. M., (Gloucester Donation No. lllit), collected by the .schooner John Smith, Capt. Peter Johnson, on Georges Bank, in 45 fathoms. 91. Ceratoscopelus maderensis, (Lowe), Goode and Beau 82 Drawing by J. C. Van Hook, from No. 43776, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer AJbatrosn at Station 2528, in N. lat. 41'-" 47', W. Ion. 65"^ 37' 30", at a depth of 677 fathoms. (Nearly twice natural size.) 92. Lampanyctus alatus, Goode and Bean 79 Drawing by A. 11. Baldwin, from type No. 43769, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Alba- tross at Station 2393, in N. lat. 28° 43', W. Ion. 87° 14' 30", at a depth of 525 fathoms. 93. Diaphus theta, Eigeumanu and Eigenmann 89 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from the type specimen taken at moderate depth oli' Point Luma, near San Diego, Oal. PLATE XXV. 94. Notoscopelus resplendens, (Richardson), Goode and Bean , 83 Copied by .V. H. Baldwin, from Richardson, Voyage of the Erebus and Terror, PI. XXVII, Fig. 16. 95. Notoscopelus castaueus, Goode and Beau si Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from typo No. 31706, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fiah Jfi(u-kat Station 1113, in N. lat. 39^ 57', W. Ion. 70° 37', at a depth of 192 fathoms. 96. Notoscopelus caudispinosus, (Johnson), Goode and Bean ,sl Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from No. 43768, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross at Station 2569,. in N. lat. 39° 26', W. Ion. 68° 03' 30", at a depth of 1,782 fathoms. PLATE XXVI. 97. Notoscopelus querciuus, Goode and Bean 83 Drawing liy A. II. Baldwin, from type No. 43789, U. S. N. M., (Gloucester Donation No. 822), collected by Capt. Frank Carroll and crew, of the schooner I'olar IVave, ort' St. Peter's and Banquereux. 98. Notoscopelus margaritiferus, Goode and Bean Xi Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from No. 43774, U. S. N. M., (Gloucester Donation 404), collected by Capt. G. H. Curtis and crew, of the schooner Conductor, in N. lat. 44° 10', W. Ion. 58°, at a depth of 300 fathoms. 99. Lampadeua speculigera, Goode and Bean 85 Drawing by J. C. Van Hook, from type No. 43797, V. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fish Hinvk at Station 797, oft' Newport, R. I., at a depth of lO.J fathoms. 100. CoUettia Rafinesquei, (Cocco), Goode and Bean 88 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 33550, U. S. N. M., collected by the ste.amer Albatross, at Station 2099, in N. lat. 37° 12' 20", W. Ion. 69° 39' 00", at a depth of 2,949 fathoms. PLATE XXVII. 101. .aithoprora metopoclampa, (Cocco), Goode and Bean Xi) Drawing by A. 11. Baldwin, from a specimen collected by the atemnev Albatross at Station, 2127, in N. lat. 19° 45', W. Ion. 75° 04' 00", at a depth of 1,639 fathoms; and a specimen from Mes- sina, obtained from Prof. H. H. Giglioli, director of the Royal Zoological Museum, Florence, Italy. 102. .Sithoprora lucida, Goode and Bean S7 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from No. 44084, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross, at Station 2127, in N. lat. 19° 45', W. Ion. 7.5° 04' 00", at a depth of 1,639 fathoms. 103. .aEjthoprora effulgens, fioode and Bean 87 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from No. 43770, U. S. N. M., collected by Capt. Cuddy and crew of the schooner Joseph 0., ou Brown's Bank. LIST OF PLATES AXl) FIGURES. 7 PLATE XXVIII. Text pajre. 104. RMuoscopelus Coccoi, (Cocco), Goode and IJean HO Urawiug by ,J. C. Van Hook, from Xo. 43822, U. S, N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross, in a towiag uet, hi N. lat. 39^^, \V. Ion. 72^. (.\bont twice natural size.) 10."). Tarletoubeauia tenua, Eigeiiniaun and Eigenmann 89 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from No. 41882, U. S. N. M., collected by C. H. Eigenmann, otf Point Loma, near San Diego, Cal. lOfi. Dasyscopelus asper, (Ricbardson), Goode and Beau 92 Copied by A. H. Baldwin, froniKicbardsou, Voyage of the Erebus and Terror, PI. xxvil, i ig. 105. 107. Electrona Rissoi, (Cocco), Goode and Bean 91 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, frouiNo. 400B2, IT. S. N. 11., from the Central Collection of Italian Vertebrata, Uoyal Zoological lluscnm, Florence, Italy. (Enlarged about one-half.) PLATE XXIX. 108, 109. Neoscopelus macrolepidotus, John.son 93 Drawings l)y M. M. Smith, from a specimen collected by the steamer Blake, at Station .\Li, oft' Dominique, in 333 fathoniH. 110. Nannobraohium McDonaldi, Goode and Bean >■ 94 Drawing by S. F. Denton, from Xo. 3.^44.5, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross, at Station 2182, InN. lat. 39'^ 25' 30", \V. Ion. 71<^ 44", at a depth of 861 fathoms. PLATE XXX. 111. Maurolicus borealis, (Nilsson), Olinther 9C Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from a specimen collected by the steamer Albatross, at Station 210.', in X. lat. 28 36', W. Ion. 8.5^ 33', at a depth of 111 fathoms. 112. Opisthoproctus soleatus, Vaillant 95 Dr.awing from Vaillant, Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, PI. xiv. Fig. 1. (Nearly four times natural size.) 113. Ichthyococcus ovatus, (Cocco), Bonaparte 95 Outline from Vaillant, Expeditious Scieutitiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, PI. xiv. Fig. 2. 114. Cyclothone microdon, (Giinther), Goode and Bean 99 Drawing liy H. L. Todd, from No. 29833, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fish Hawk, at Station 953, oft" Marthas Vineyard, in N. lat. 39^^ 52' 30", W. Ion. 70° 17' 30", at a depth of 724 fathoms. (Nearly twice natural size.) PLATE XXXI. 115. Chauliodus Sloanii, Schneider 96 Drawing by II. L. Todd, from Xo. 23420, U. S. N. M., collected by Capt. Charles Anderson and crew, of the Gloucester fishing fleet, in N. lat. 42'^ 08', W. Ion. 65- 35', at a depth of 185 fath- oms. (Abiiut one-half natural size.) 110. Gonostoma denudatum, Ka(ines(iue 98 Drawing from Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, fcdin 119. Fig. 1. 117. Gonostoma brevidens, Kner and Steiudachner 98 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 33368, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross, at Sta- tion 2077, in N. lat. 41° 09' 40", W. Ion. 66° 02' 20", at a depth of 1,255 fathoms. (Slightly reduced.) 118. Cyclothone bathyphila, (Vaillant). Goode and Bean 100 Drawing by A. II. Baldwin, from aspecimen collected by the steamer Albatross, at Station 2.534, in N. lat. 40° 01', W. Ion. 67° 29' 15", at a depth of 1,234 fathoms. PLATE XXXII. 119. Cyclothone elongata, (Giinther), Goode and Bean 101 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from X'o. 33291, U. S. N. M., collected by the .steamer Albatross, at Station 203;t, in N. lat. 38° 19' 26", W. lou. 68° 20' 20 ", at a depth of 2,369 fathoms. (Nearly twice natural size.) 120. Bonapartia pedaliota, Goode and Bean 102 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from the type .specimens, collected by the steamer Albatross, at Sta- tion 2642, in N. lat. 25° 20' 30", W. Ion. 79° 58', at a depth of 217 fathoms. (Enlarged about one-half.) 8* DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. Text pa-ie. 121. Yarrella Blackfordii, Goode and Beau lO.'J Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from type No. 44242, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Alba- tross, at Station2376, in N. lat. 29^ 03' 15", W. Ion. 88° 16", at a depth of 324 fathoms. (Slightly reduced.) 122. Photichthys argeuteus, Hntton 104 Drawing from Giiiither, Challenger Report, Vol. xxil, PI. XLV. (About oue-half natural size.) PLATE XXXIII. 123. Astronesthes niger, Richardson 105 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from No. 34538, U. S. N. M., collected by Capt. Field, on a voyage from Mogador to New York, and presented to the National Museum by Mr. E. G. Bhukford. 124. Autroiiesthes gemmlfer, Goode and Bean 105 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from type No. 24645, U. S. N. M., obtained by the schooner Polar Have from the stomach of a halibut, in N. lat. 44^25', W. Ion. 53° 12', at a depth of 300 fathoms. 125. Astronesthes Richardsonii, Poey IOC) Drawing by M. M. Smith, from No. 3.5540, U. S. N. M., coUocted by the steamer Albatross, at Station 2202, in N. lat. 39° 38' 00", W. Ion. 71° 39' 45 ", at a depth of 515 fathoms. PLATE XXXIV. 126. Diplophos taenia, Giinther 104 Drawing from Giiuther, Challenger Report, Vol. xxii, PI. iv., (Enlarged mvirly five times.) 127. Stomias ferox, Reiuhardt 107 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 23360, U. S. N. M. (Gloucester donation No. 190), collected by Capt. David Cammel and crew, of the Gloucester fi.shiug fleet, at East Bauquereux. (Three-fifths natural size.) 128. Stomias boa, (Risso), Cuvier lOH Drawing from Cuvier and Valenciennes, Histoire Naturelle des Poi.ssons, Vol. xviii, I'l. 545. 129. StODiias afEnis, Giiuther 108 Drawing from Giiuther, Challenger Report, Vol. xxii, PI. uv. Fig. A. PLATE XXXV. 130. Echiostoma barbatum, Lowe 109 Drawing by S. F. Denton, from No. 35624, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Alhulnms, at Station 2236, in N. lat. 39^ 11' 00", W. Ion. 72° 08' 30", at a depth of 636 fathoms. (Enlarged one-third.) 131. Echiostoma margarita, Goode and Bean 109 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from ty))e No. 39282, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Alba- tross, at Station 2394, in N. lat. 28° 38' 30", W. Ion. 87° 02', at a depth of 420 fathoms. 132. Opostomias micripnus, Giinther 110 Drawing from Giinther, Challenger Report, Vol. xxii, PI. Liii. Fig. A. (About one-half natural size.) 133. Grammatostomias dentatus, Goode and Bean 110 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from type No. 37370, U. S. N. M., collected by the .steamer Albatross, at Station 2565, in N. lat. 38° 19' 20", W. Ion. 69° 02' 30", at a depth of 2,069 fathoms. (Slightly enlarged.) PLATE XXXVI. 134. Pachystomias microdon Giiuther Ill Outline from (iiinthir, Challenger Report, Vol. x.xir, PI. liii. 135. Eustomias obscurus, Vaillant Ill Outliue from Vaillant, Expeditions Scientificiues du Travaillcur et dn Talisman, PI. viii. Fig. 3. 136. Bathophilus iiigerrimus, Giglioli . Ill Outliue from Giglioli, "Pelagos." (Enlarged one-third.) 137. Photonectes gracilis, Goode and Bean 112 Drawing by M. M. Smith, from the type specimen collected by th(i steamer lllake at Station x„, off Martinique, in 472 fathoms. PLATE XXXVII. 138. Malacosteus uiger, Ayres 114 Drawing l)y II. L. Todd, from No. 32169 U. S. N. M. (Gloucester Donation, No. 797), collected by Capt. Charles Anderson and crew of the schooner Alice G. Wonsoii, on the northeastern edge of Georges Bank, in 125 fathoms. (Enlarged two-thirds.) LIST OF PLATES AND FIGURES. 9* Text page. 139. Malacosteus choristodactylus, Vaillaut 114 Uiaw ins t'liim Vailhuit. Kxpeditious Scientiliiiiies tin Travailleur et du Talisman, I'l. viii. (Slif;litly enlarged, i 140. Photostomias Gueniei, Collett 115 Outline flora Liitken, .Spulia Atlautica, p. 281. (Three and a half time.s natural size.) 141. Thauniatostomias atrox, Aleock 115 Drawing from Aleock, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Vol. VI, PI. viii, Fig. 7. PLATE XXXVIII. 142. Alepisaxirus ferox, Lowe 117 Drawing liy U. L. Todd, from No. 20593 U. S. N. M., obtained in a New York market by E. G. Blackiord. 143. Paralepis borealis, (Reinliardt), .lordau aud Gilbert 119 Drawing by H. L. Todd, frora a specimen in the Academy of Natural .Sciences, Montreal, Canada. 143A. Paralepis coregouofdes, Risso 119 Outline from Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, PI. xxvii. 114. Sudls hyalina, Raltinesque 121 ()ntlinefrom Bonaparte. Fauna Italica, PI. xxvii. 115. Odoutostonius hyallnus, Cocco 121 Outline from Giiuther, Challenger Report, Vol. xxii, PI. i.u. Fig. A. PLATE XXXIX. II ('). Steruoptyx diaphaiia, Lowe 124 Drawing by H. L. 'I'odd, from a specimen ohtaiued hy the .steamer filuke at .Station cccxvi, in N. lat. tl2- 07', \V. Ion. 78^ 37' 30", at a depth of 229 liithoms. HUB. Sternoptyx diaphana, Lowe 124 Drawing by H. L. Todd, fromaapecimen collected by the steamer /WaAv at Station cccx.viii, in N. lat. 33^^ 19', \V. Ion. 76^ 12' 30", at a depth of 457 fathoms. 147. Argyropelecua hemigynuius, Cocco 126 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from a spocimou collected by the steamer Albatross at Station 2117, in .\. lat. 15 24' 40 ', W. Ion. 6.3-^ 31' 30", at a depth of 683 fathoms. 148. 148A. Argyropelecus Olfersii, (Cuvier), Ciivier aud Valenciennes 126 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 33393 U. S. N. M., collected at Station 2075, in N. lat 41^ 40' 30 ", W. Ion. 65- 35' 00", at a depth of 855 fathoins. (Natural size.) 149. Polyipnus spinosus, Giiuther 128 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 37860 II. S. N. M.. collected by the steamer Alhtitruin at Station 2393, in N. lat. 28^ 43' 00", W. lou. 87" 14' 30 ", at a deiith of .525 fathoms. (Twice natural size.) PLATE XL. 150. Omosudis Loiwei, Giiuther 122 Outline from Giiuther, Challenger Report, Vol. x.\ii. Pi. Lii. 151. Idiacanthus ferox, Giinther 129 Outline from Giinther, Challenger Report, Vol. xxii, PI. Lli, Fig. D. 1.52. Halosaurus Oweni, .Johnson 130 Drawing by A. II. Baldwin, from No. 34418 U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross at station 2181, in N. lat. 39- 29', W. Ion. 71^ 46', at a depth of 693 fathoms. 153. Halosaurus Johusouiauus, \'aillant 131 Drawing from Vaillaut, Expeilitious .Scientiliiiiies du Travailleur et du Talisman, I'l. xv, Fig. 2. PLATE XLI. 154. Aldrovandria rostrata, (Giinther), Goode and Bean 132 Drawing from Giinthir, Challenger Report, Vol. xxii, I'l. Lix. 1,55. 1.55A. Aldrovaudia macrochira, (Giinfher), Goode and Bean 133 Drawings by 11. L. Todd, from a specimen collected by the steamer ISlale at .Station l.iii, olf Havana, in 242 fathoms. 156. Aldrovaudia phalacrus, (Vaillaut), Goode aud Bean 134 Drawing from Vaillaut, Expeditions Scientili(iues du Travailleur et du Talisman, I'l. .xvi. 10* DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. PLATE XLII. Text page. I.". Aldrovandia gracilis, Goode and Hean liil Drawing by S. F. Dentou, from a specimen euUocted by tlie steamer liJakc at Station i.xx, oti' (niadalupe, at a deptti of 769 fathoms. (About one-half natural size.) 158. Aldrovandia pallida, Goode and Bean 1 3.'> Drawiny; by 11. L. Todd, from the type specimen collected by the Steamer lilahe at Station CLXXUi, in N. lat. 24^ 36', W. Ion. 84'^ 05', at a depth of 9.55 fathoms, (.\liout seven-twelfths natural size.) 159. Congermuraena flava, Goode and Hean 1 ■>•'< Drawing hy 11. L. Todd, from a specimen collected by the steamer Alhafroan at Stations 2121 and 2122, between N. lat. 10^ 37' 40 ", \V. Ion 61= 42' 40 ", and N. lat. 10 37' 00", \V. Ion. til 44' 22 ", at a depth of 31 to 34 fathoms. (Five-sevenths natural size.) 160. Uroconger vicinus, Vaillant I'^S Drawing by H. L. Todd, from a specimen collected by the steamer Albairons at Station 2161, in N. lat. 2'i^ 10' 36", W. lou. 82^ 20' 28", at a depth of 146 fathoms. (Slightly reduced.) PLATE XLIII. 161. Simeuchelys paiasiticus, Gill 139 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 21673, U. S. N. M., collected by Capt. N. McPhrc, of the Gloucester fishing fleet, near Sable Island Bank. (Seven-tenths natural size.) 162. Ilyophis brunneus, Gilbert Ill Drawing by A. II. Baldwin, from type No. 44403, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer AVm- tross, otf the Galapagos Islands. 163. Hoplunnis Diomedianus, Goode and Bean .„ 116 Drawing by J. C. Van Hook, from type No. 44240, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer MIki- tross at Station 2402, iu N. lat. 28° 36', W. Ion. 86° 50', at a depth of 111 fathoms. PLATE XLIV. 164. Synaphobranchus pinnatus, (Gronovius), Giinthcr 113 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 21681, U. S. N. M., collected by Capt. Olseu, of the ( iloucester tishing fleet, on Le Have Bank. (Three-fifths natural size.) 165. Histiobranchus infernalis, Gill 145 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 38205, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer JlbiilnixK at Sta- tion 2727, in N. lat. 36^ 35', W. Ion. 74° 03' 30", at a depth of 1239 fathoms. 166. Pisoodouophis cruentifer, Goode and Bean 117 Drawing by A. H.Baldwin, from No. 28938, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fish Hawk at Station 1035, in N. lat. 39° 57', W. Ion. 69° 28', at a depth of 120 fathoms. (Slightly re- duced.) 167. Myrus pachyrhynchus, Vaillant 148 Drawing from Vaillant, Expeditious Scieutifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, I'l. v. Fig. 1. (About one-half natural size.) 168. Venefica procera, (Goode and Bean), Jordan and D.avis 149 Drawing by H.L.Todd, from a specimen collected by the Blake at Station ci.iii, iu N. lat. 16° 43' 45", W. Ion. 62° 16' 12", at a depth of 303 fathoms. (Seven-twelfths natural size.) . 169, 169A, B. Derichthys serpentinus. Gill 161 Drawings by II. L. Todd, fiom type No. 33.523, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albations, at station 2094, iu N. lat. 39- 44' 30", W. Ion. 71° 04', at a depth of 1,022 fathoms. PLATE XLVI. 170. Nemichthys scolopaceus, Richardson 152 Drawing by II. L. Todd, from a specimen collected by William Parsons, on East Georges Bank. 171. Labichthys carinatus. Gill and Ryder 1.53 Drawing by A. II. Baldwin, from type No. 33369, U. S. N. M., coll.-ited by the steamer Alba- tross, at station 2076, iu N. lat. 41° 13', W. Ion. 65° 3.3' SO ", at a deptli of 906 fatlioms. (.Slightly reduced.) 172. Labichthys elongatus. Gill and Ryder 153 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from type No. 33577, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Alba- trum, at station 2100, iu N. lat. 39° 22', W. lou. 68° 34' 30", at a depth of 1,62» fathoms. LIST OF PLATES AND FIGURES. 11* PLATE XLVII. Text page. 17:;. Labichthys infans, (Giinther), Gooile and Beau 153 Drawiuff by A. H. Balilwin, from type No. 41239, U. S. N. M , lonr'itcd by tbf stiwnier AJba- tross. at station 2859, in N. lat. 55'^ 20', W. Ion. 13(1- 20', at a clejitb of l,.">(i9 fatb.mis. (About one-lialf natural 8ize.) 171. Labichthys iiifans (after Giinther) 1.54 Outline from Giinther, Challenger Report, Vol. xxii, PI. LXiii. 17.">. Serri vomei Beanii, Gill and Ryder 155 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from No. 33383, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Alhatrum, at .station 2075, in N. lat. 41*^ 40' 30", W. Ion. 65^ 28' 30", at a depth of 855 fathom.s. (About one aud two-thirds natural size.) PLATE XLVIII. 17(i. Cyema atrum, Giinther 154 Drawing from (iihithor, CbiUlcngcr Report, Vol. XXII, PI. Liv, Fig. D. (About natural size.) 177. Eurypharynx pelecanoides, Vaillant 159 Drawing from Vaillant, Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, PI. xvii. (About one-half natural size.) 17X. Saccopharyux flagellum, Mitchill 157 Drawing from Giinther, Challenger Report. Vol. xxil, PI. I.x\i. (Enlarged about one-half.) PLATE XLIX. 179, 180. Saccopharynx flagellum, Mitchill 1.57 Drawings by II. L. Todd, from No. 37988, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Alhairosa, at station 2717, in N. lat. 38^ 24', W. lou. 7F 13', at a depth of 1,615 fathoms. (No. 179, one- third natural size; No. 180, one-half.) 181,182. Gastrostomus Bairdii, Gill and Ryder l.'>9 Drawings by H. L. Todd, from No. 33386, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Alhalrosa, at sta- tion 2074, in N. lat. 41'^ 43', W. Ion. (S^ 21' 50", at a depth of 1,309 fathoms. PLATE L. 183. Notacanthus nasus, Bloeh 161 Drawing from (!uvierand Valenciennes, Histoire Naturelle des Poissons de la France, PI. 241. 181. Notacanthus analis, Gill 165 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from type No. 37856, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross, at st.ation 2677, in N. lat. 32^ 39', W. lou. 76-= 50' 30", at a depth of 478 fiithoms. (About one- half natural size.) 185. Notacanthus Bonapartii, Risso 166 Drawing from Vaillant, Expeditions .Seleutilii|ues du Travailleur et du Talisman, PI. xxvii, Fig. 2. (Reduced about one-third.) 186. Notacanthus phasganorus, Goode 167 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from type No. 25972, U. S. N. M., collected by Capt. Briggs Gilpatrick, of the schooner (hilhcrcr, from the stomach of a Ground-shark, on the Grand Bank of Newfound- land, (tlue-folirth natural size.) PLATE LI. 187. Gigliolia Moseleyi, Goode and Bean 169 Drawing from (Jiintlier, Challenger Keport, Vol. XXII, PI. I,XI, Fig. C. (One-half natural size.) 188. Polyacanthonotus Rissoanus (Do Filippi and Verany), Giinther 170 Drawing from Vailliint, P>xpeditions Siientitifjues du Travailleur et du Tali.sman, PI. xxvii. 189. Macdonaldia rostrata, (Collett), Goode and Bean I'll Drawing liy M. JI. .Smith, from type No. .35601, U.S. N. M., collected by the .steamer Alhulross, at station 2216, in N. lat. 39^ 47', W. Ion. 70-^ 30' 30", at a depth of 963 fathoms. 190. Lipogenys Gillii, Goode aud Bean 173 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 39212, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross, at sta- tiiui 2742. ill \. lat. 37-^ 46' 30 ", W. Ion 73-- 56' 30", at a depth of 865 fathoms. (About one- half natural size.) 12* DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. PLATE LII. Text page. 191 A, R. Notacanthus analis, Gill 105 Diawiiifjs by A. II. Kuldwin, from No. 37856, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Jlhatross, at station 2(i77, in N. lat. 32- 39', W. Ion. 76° 50' 30", at a depth of 478 fathoms. 192A, B. Notacanthus sexspinis, Richardson 103 Drawings from Giinther, Challenger Report, Vol. xxii, PL i.xi. Fig. a. 193. Gigliolia Moseleyi, Goode and Bean '. lOO Drawing from Giinther, Challenger Report, Vol. x.xii, PI. i.xi, Fig. C. 194A, B. Polyacanthonotijs Rissoanus, (De Filippi and Vcrany). Giinther 170 Drawings from Giinther, Challenger Report, Vol. XXll, PI. I.XI. 195A, B. Macdoualdla rostrata, (Collett), Goode and Bean 171 Drawings by A. H. Biildwin, from Nos. 35601-2, U. S. N. M., eoUicted bv the steamer AVmirmx, at station 2216, in N. lat. 39^^ 47', W. Ion. 70° 30' 30", at a deptli of 963 fathoms. 196A, B. Lipogenys Gillii, ( Joode and Bean 173 Drawings bv A. II. Baldwin, from No. 39212, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross, at station 2742, in N. lat. 37^ 46' 30 ", W. Ion. 73^ 50' 30", at a depth of 805 lathums. PLATE LIII. 197. Beryx splendens, Lowe 176 Drawing by M. M. Smith, from a specimen collected by the steamer Albatross, at station 241.5, in N. lilt. 30^ 44', \V. Ion. 79'^ 26', at a depth of 440 fathoms. 198. Melamphaes typhlops, (Lowe), Giinther 177 Drawing from Giinther, Challenger Report, Vol. xxii, PI. \', Fig. A. 199. Scopelogadus codes, Vaillant 182 Drawing fmni A'aiUant, Expeditions Scientifiques du Travaillenr et dn Talisman, PI. xxvi. (.Slightly reduced.) 200. Poromitra capito, Goode and Bean 183 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from a specimen collected by the steamer lllakc, at station ccc.x.\ viii, in N. lat. 34'^ 28' 45", W. Ion. 75^ 22' 50", at a depth of 1,032 fathoms. (Two and two- sevenths natural size.) 200.\. Plectromus crassiceps, (Giinther), Goodo and Bean 180 Drawing from (iiiuther, Challenger Report, Vol. xxii, PI. vill. Fig. li. PLATE LIV. 201. Plectromus suborbitalis, Gill 179 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from type No. 33271, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Jlbatross. at station 2030, in N. lat. 38^ 52' 40 ", W. Ion. 69^ 24' 40", at a depth of 1,735 fathoms. (One and three-tifths natural size.) 202. Plectromus Beaiiii, ((iiinther), Goode , and Bean .". 179 Drawing by !S. F. Denton, from No. 33378, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross, at station 2075, in N. lat. 41" 40' 30", W. Ion. 65-^ 35', at a depth of 855 fathom.s. 203. Anoplogaster cornutus, (Cuvier and V.alenciennes), Giinther 184 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 33559, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross, at station 2101, in N. lat. 39^ 18' 30", W. Ion. 08^ 24', at a depth of 1,686 fathoms. PLATE LV. ^04. 204 A. Caulolepis longidens. Gill IS,") Drawings Iiy II. L. Todd, from No. 33270, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross at station 2034, in N. lat. 39- 27' 10", W. Ion. 69° 56' 20", at a depth of 1,346 fathoms. 205. Stephanoberyx Monae, Gill 180 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from Xo. 33115 U. .S. N. M., collected by the .steamir Albatross at station 2077, iu N. lat. 40 ' 09' 40", W. Ion. 66- 02' 20", at a depth of 1,255 fathoms. (About three times natural siuc.) PLATE LVI. 206. Stephanoberyx Gillii, Goode and Bean 187 Drawing by 11. L. Todd, from type No. .33.5.55, U. 8. N. M., eolb'i'teil liy tlic steaiiier .llhutruss at station 2099, in N. lat. 37^ 12' 20", W. Ion. 69 39' 00", at a deplh of 2,9.. < fatln.ms LIST OF PLATES AND FIGURES. 13* Text page. ai7. Trachichthys Darwinnii, Johuson 188 Dniwiiij; friim Steimlachner and Doederlein, Denkschrift d. k. Akademie d. Wissenschafteu Vdi. xi.vii, ri. II. 208. Hoplostethus mediterraneus, Ciivi«^r and Valenciennes 189 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from No. 43624, U. S. N. M., collected Ijy the steamer Albatross at station 2G59, in N. lat. 28^ 32', W. Ion. 78= 42', at a (lei>th of 509 fatlionis. PLATE LVII. L'ort. Tliyrsitops violaceus, Bean 195 DrawiiiK by S. V. Denton, from type No. 39287, U. S. N. M., collected by Capt. Thomas Thompson, of the Gloucester fishing licet, on Le Have Bank, at a depth of 125 fathoms. (One-seventh natural size.) 210. Ruvettus pretiosus, Cocco 196 Drawing by J. C. Van Hook, from a specimen collected by Capt. Thompson of the schooner M. A. Bmton on Georges Bank. 211. Epiunula magistralis, Poey 198 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 37238, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross in the CaiTibbean Sea. (About one-third natural size. ) 212. Dicrotas parvlpinnis, Goode and Bean 201 Drawing liy H. L. Todd, from the type specimen, collected by the steamer Albatross at station 2601, ott' Cape Hatteras, in N. lat. 34° 39' 15'', W. lou. 75- 33' 30", at a depth of 107 fathoms. PLATE LVIII. 213. Lepidopus caudatus, (Enphrasen), White 203 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from No. 10U5, U. S. N. M., collected by John Xantus, oft' Cape St. Lucas. 214. Evoxymetopon taeniatus, Poey 204 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 5735, U. S. N. M., collected by Prof. F61ipe Poey at Havana, Cuba. (About two-ninths natural size.) 215. Benthodesmus atlanticus, Goode and Bean 205 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from type No. 29116, U. S. N. M., taken from the stomach of a halibut, by Capt. E. Morrison, of the schooner Laura Xelson, on the west edge of the Grand Bank of Newfoundland, in 80 fathoms. (About one-third natural size.) PLATE LIX. 216. Apbauopus carbo, Lowe 207 Outline from GUnther, Challenger Report, Vol. xxii, PI. vii. Fig. A. 217. Trichiurus lepturus, Linua-us 208 Drawing liy H. L. Todd, from No. 18028, U. S. N. M., coUectedby Dr. Janeway, U. S. Na\'y, at St. Augustine, Fla. 218. Pteraclis caroliuus, Cu vicr and Valenciennes 212 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 37S()1, U. .S. N. JI., collected by tlie.steamcr Albatross at statii)n 2660, iu N. lat. 28- 40' 00", W. Ion. 78^ 46' 00", at a depth of 504 fathoms. (Enlarged oue-half.) PLATE LX. 219. Cor3rphaena hippurus, Linnaeus (old male) 209 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 16482, U. S. N. M., obtained in Fulton Jlarket, New York City, by E. G. Blackford. 220. Coryphasna hippurus, Linmtus (young) 209 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 16484, U. S. N. AI., obtained in the Fulton Market, New York City, by E. G. Blackford. 220. A, B. Coryphaena hippurus, Linua'us 209 Sketches from Liitken, Spolia Atlautica, I, p. 486. PLATE LXI. 221. Grammicolepis brachiusculus, Poey 218 Copied from a drawing by Shufeldt, Journal of Morphology, Vol. ii. (One-third natural size.) 14* DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. Text page. 222. Centrolophus pompilus, (Giueliu), Cuvier ami Valfiicicuiu's 211 Diawiug by S. F. Deutoii, Iroiii a specimeu obtained at Ueimi.s, Mass., by \iual N. Edwards. (About two-thirds uatural size.) 223. Schedophilus medusophagus, Cocco -11 Drawing from Uiiutlier, Transactions of the ZoiJlogiial .Society of London, Vol. xi. PI. Lxvii. PLATE LXII. 224. Icosteus euigmaticus, Lockiugton 215 Drawing by Giinther, Challenger Reiiort, Vol. xxil, PI. XLiv. (Slightly reduced.; 225. Acrotus Willoughbyi, IJean 217 Drawing by S. F. Deutou, from No. 3034(1, U. S. N. M., collected off the coast of Washington, by (^'harles Willoughby. (About onc-uiuth uatural size.) 226. Icichthys Lockiiigtonii, Jordan and Gilbert 2Ui Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from No. 27397, U. S. N. M., collected off the coast of Washington. (Slightly reduced.) PLATE LXIII. 227. Nomeus Gronovii, (Omelin), Giiuther 220 Drawing l)y H. L. Todd, from a specimen collected by the steamer Albatross at station 2647, in N. lat. 2.5- 48 00", W. Ion. 80° 04' 00", at a depth of 85 fathoms. (Enlarged one-third.) 228. Psenes pellucidus, Liitken 221 Drawing by M. M. Smith, from No. 3541.5, U.S.N. M., collected by the steamer Alhatroan al station 2171, in N. lat. 37^ 59' 30", W. Ion. 73" 48' 40", at a depth of 444 fathoms. 229. Psenes maculatus, Liitken 221 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 39329, U. S. N. M., collected by the stea.mer Albatross at sta tion 2628, in N. lat. 32° 24', W. Ion. 76° 55' 30", at a dejUh of 528 fathoms. (Nearly twice natural size.) PLATE LXIV. 230. Luvarus imperialis, Eafinesque 222 Outline from Day, Fi.shes of Great Britain and Ireland, PI. xliii. 231. Glossamia pandionis, Goode and Bean 231 Drawn by IT. L. Todd, from type No. 26628, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fhh Hawk at station 897, in N. lat. 37° 25', W. Ion. 74° 18', at a depth of 157J fathoms. (Enlarged about one-fdurtli.) 232. Verilus sordidus, Poey 240 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from No. 12565, U. S. N. M., collected by Prof. Fi^lipe Poey, off' Cuba. (Slightly le.ss than one-half uatural size.) PLATE LXV. 233, 233A, B. Cyttus hololepis, Goode and Bean 225 Drawings by H. L. Todd, from type No. 39296, U. S. N. M., collected by tlie steamer Albatross at station 2358, in N. lat. 20° 19', W. Ion. 87° 03' 30", at a depth of 220 fathoms. (Enhirged nearly one-half.) 234. Diretmus argenteus, .Tohnson 21i Drawing from .Johnson, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, PI. xx,x^•I. 235. Antigonia capros, Lowe 220 Drawings from Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, PI. XLii. PLATE LXVI. 236. Epigonus occidentalis, Goode and Bean 233 Drawing l)y H. L. Todd, from the type specimen, collected by the steamer Blaie at station Liv, off' Barbadocs, in 237 fathoms. (Natural size.) 237. Hypoclydonia beUa, Goode and Bean 236 Drawiug by S. F. Denton, from No. 39338, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross at station 2426, in N. lat. 36° 01' 30", W. Ion. 74° 47' 30", at a 21 fathoms. (Natnrul size.) 258. Cottunculus Thomsoiiii, Giinther 270 Drawing by II. L. Todd, from No. 37380, II. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatrosis at sta- tion 2584, in N. lat. 39° 05' 30", W. Ion. 72° 23' 20", at a depth of 541 fathoms. (Seven-twelfths natural size.) 259. Podothecus decagonus, (Schneider), .lordau 282 Drawing froni Collett, Norsk. Nordhavs Expedition, PI. li, Fig. 11. 260. Aspidophoroides mouopterygius, tBloih), tioodc and ISoaii 283 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 21761, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Spcedmll at Sandwich Point, Halifax, in 18 fathoms. (Enlarged about one-half.) PLATE LX.XllI. 201A. B. Cottunculus microps, C'oUett 269 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 26087, U. S. N. M., collected Ijy the steamer fish Ilaivh at station 880, in N. lat. 38'^ 48' 30", W. Ion. 70^^54', at a depth of 2.52} fathoms. (Natural size.) 262A, B. Cottunculus Thomsonii, Giinther 270 Drawings by 11. L. Toy H. L. Toilil, from No. 21373, U. S. N. M., collected Ijy Capt. Joseph W. Collius, of the schooner Alarion, in N. lat. 43 ^ 56', W. Ion. 59° 04'. (About one- fourth natural size. ) PLATE LXXVIII. 272. Lycodes Esmarkii, Collett 303 Drawing; by II. L. Todd, from No. 21991, U. S.N. M., collected by Capt. Z. Hawkins and crew, of the schooner Gwendolen, on Le Uave Bank, in 400 fathoms. (About two-sevenths natural size.) 273. Lycodes reticulatus, Reinhardt 305 Drawing by H. L. Todd, collected by Capt. R. Markuson and crew, of the Gloucester fishing fleet, southwest of Banqiiereux, in 300 fathoms. 274. Lycodes frigidus, Collett 305 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 32995, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross at sta- tion 2018, in N. lat. 37^ 12' 22", W. Ion, 74° 20' 04", at a depth of 788 fathoms. (About two- fifths natural size.) 275. Lycodes mucosas, Richardson 306 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 16930, U. S. N. M., collected in Cumberland Gulf, by W. A. Mintzer. (About two-fifths natural size.) PLATE LXXIX. 276. Lycodes zoarchus, Goods and Bean 308 Drawing by S. F. Denton, from type No. 39298, U. S. N. M., collected by steamer Albatross, off Nova Scotia in N. lat. 44° 46' 30", W. Ion. ,59° 55' 45", at a depth of 130 fathoms. 276A. Lycodes zoarchus, Goode and Beau 308 Drawing by S. F. Denton, from No. 39299, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer ^{ftafross at station 24,86, in N. lat. 44° 26', W. Ion. 57° 11' 15", at a depth of 190 fathoms. 277. 277A. Lycenchelys Verrillii, Goode and Bean 309 Drawings by H. L. Todd, from No. 21015, U. S. N. M., collected by the U, S. Fish Commission, 27 miles southwest of Chebucto. PLATE LXXX. 278. Lycodes perspiciUum, Kriiyer 307 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 39336, U. S. N. M., collected by steamer Albatross at station 24.-)0, in N. lat. 47 29', W. Ion. 52° 18', at a dei>th of 86 fathoms. (Twice natural size.) 278A. Lycodes perspicillum, Kroyer 307 Drawing by S. F. Denton, from No. 39337, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross at sta- tion 2491, in N. lat. 45° 25' 30", W. Ion. 58° 35' 15", at a depth of 59 fathoms. (Nearly four times natural size.) 279. Lycenchelys paxillus, Goode and Bean 311 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 22177, U. S. \. M., collected by Capt. .Joseph Collins, of the Gloucester fishing fleet, in N. lat. 42^ 48', \V. Ion. 63° 07'. (About one-half natural size.) 279A. Lycenchelys paxillus, Goode and Bean 311 Drawing by H. E. Todd, from a specimen collected by the steamer Blake at station CCCIX, in N. lat. 40° 11'40 ", W. Ion. 68° 22', at depth of 304 fathoms. 280. Lycodonus mirabilis, Goode and Bean 312 Drawing by S. F. Denton, from No. 39207, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross at station 2742, in N. lat. 37° 46' 30", W. Ion. 73° 56' 30", at a depth of 865 fathoms. PLATE LXXXI. 281A, B. Lycodes reticulatus, Reinhardt 305 Drawing by II. L. Todd, from a specimen collected by Capt. R. Markuson, southwest of Bau- qnereux, in 300 fathoms. (One-half natural size.) 282. Lycenchelys paxillus, Goode and Bean 311 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 22177, U. S. N. M., collected by Capt. .Joseph W. Collius of the Gloucester fishing fleet, in N. lat. 42° 48', W. Ion. 63° 07'. (Natural size.) 18* DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. Text page. 283A, B. Lycodes mucosus, Richardson 306 Drawings by H. L. Todd, from No. 16930, U. S. N. M., collected by W. A. Mintzcr, in Cumber- land Gulf. (Three-fourths natural size.) 283C. Lycodes zoarchus, Goode and Bean 308 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from type No. 39298, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Jlbatruas, off Nova Scotia, in N. lat. W^ 46' 30', W. Ion. 59° 55' -15", at a depth of 130 fathoms. PLATE LXXXII. 284. Melanostigma gelatinosum, GUnther 314 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 28853, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fhh Hauk at station 952, in N. lat. 39° 55', W. Ion. 70° 28', at a depth of 396 fathoms. (Enlarged one- half.) 285. Dicromita Agassizii, Goode and Bean 319 Drawing by II. L. Todd, from a specimen collected by the steamer Blake at station XCIU, off Granada, in 291 fathoms. 285A, B. Dicromita Agassizii, Goode and Bean 319 Drawings by H. L. Todd, from type No. 26023, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fish Mawk at station 869, in N. lat. 40° 02' 18", W. Ion. 70° 23' 06", at a depth of 192 fathoms. 286. Bassozetus catena, Goode and Bean 323 Drawing by S. F. Denton, from type No. 37341, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Alhatroaa at station 2379, in N. lat. 28° 00' 15", W. Ion. 87° 42', at a depth of 1,467 fathoms. (About seven-ninths natural size.) 287. Bassozetus normalis. Gill 322 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 49416, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross at station 2380, in N. lat. 28° 02' 30", W. Ion. 87° 43' 45", at a depth of 1,430 fathoms. (About seven-tenths natural size.) 288. Benthocometes robustus, Goode and Bean 327 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 29057, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fish Hawk at station 1043, in N. lat. 38° 39', W. Ion. 73° 11', at a depth of 130 fathoms. (One and three- fifths natural size.) PLATE LXXXIII. 289. Neobythites Gillii, Goode and Bean 325 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from type No. 37340, U. S. N. M., collected l)y the steamer Albatross at station 2402, in N. lat. 28° 36', W. Ion. 85° 33', at a depth of lU fathoms. (About twice natural size.) 290. Neobythites marginatus, Goode and Bean 326 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from the the type specimen collected by the steamer Blake at station Lxxix, oft' Barbadoes, in 209 fathoms. (One and three-fifths natural size.) 291. Bassogigas Gillii, Goode and Bean 328 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from No. 39417, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross at station 2684, oft' Cape Henlopeu, Delaware, in N. lat. 39° 35', W. Ion. 70° 54', at a depth of 1,106 fathoms. (Slightly more than one-third natural size.) 292. Porogadus miles, Goode and Bean 334 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from typo No. 35625, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross ,at station 2230, in N. lat. 38° 27', W. Ion. 73° 02', at a depth of 1,168 fathoms. (Enlarged about one-half.) PLATE LXXXIV. 293. Penopus Macdoualdi, Goode and Bean 336 Drawing by S. F, Denton, from type No. 39433, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross at Station 2716, in N. lat. 38° 29' 30", W. Ion. 70° 57', at a depth of 1,631 fathoms. 294. Barathrodemus manatiuus, Goode and Bean 332 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from the type specimen collected by the steamer Blake at station cccxxv, in N. lat. 33° 35' 20", W. Ion. 76°, at a depth of 647 fathoms. (Slightly enlarged.) LIST OF PLATES AND FIGURES. 19* Text page. 295. Nematouus pectoralis, (Goode and Bean), Giinther 333 Drawing by S. F. Denton, from type No. 37342, U. S. N. M., collected by tbe steamer Albatross at station 2380, in N. lat. 2!S- 02' 30", W. Ion. 87° 43' 45", at a depth of 1,430 fathoms. (Slightly reduced.) 296A. Mixonus laticeps, (Jiinther 339 Drawing from Giinther, Challenger Report, Vol. xxil, PI. xxv. Fig. 15. (Five and a half times natural size.) 296B. Tauredopbidium Hextil, Alcoek 336 Outline from Alcoek, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., S. 6, Vol. VI, PI. Vlll, Fig. 1. (Nearly twice natural size.) PLATE LXXXV. 297,297A, B. Dicrolene intronigra, Goode and Bean 338 Drawings by H. L. Todd, from a specimen collected by the steamer Blake in the Gulf Stream. (No. 297, three-fourths natural size; Nos. 297A, B, natural size.) 298. Barathronus bicolor, Goodo and Bean 341 Drawing by M. M. Smith, from the type siiecimen collected by the steamer Blake, at station Lxxi, off Guadeloupe, in 769 fathoms. 299. Aphyouis moUis, Goode and Bean 342 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from the type specimen, collected by the steamer Blake at station CCXXI, in N. lat. 24° 36', W. Ion. 84° 05', at a depth of 955 fathoms. PLATE LXXXVI. 300. Alexeterion parfaiti, Vaillant 343 Outline from Vaillant, Expeditions Scieutifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, PI. XXV (en- larged). (Four times natural size.) 301 . Hephthocara simum, Alcoek 344 Outline from Alcoek, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 1892, PI. xvill. Fig. 1. (Nat- ural size.) 302. Lamprogrammus niger, Alcoek 344 Drawing from Alcoek, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 1891, viii. Fig. 2. (One-half natural size.) 303. Rhodichthys regina, CoUett 342 Outline from Collett, Norsk. Nordhavs Exped. Fiske, PI. v. ^'LATE LXXXVII. 304. Ptillchthys Goodei, Bean 302 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 26619, U. S. N. M., collected by Dall and Bean at the entrance to Port Levasheft", Unalaska, in 10 fathoms. (About twice natural size.) 305. Otophldium omostigma, Jordan 345 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 29670, U. S. N. M., taken from the stomach of a red snapper at Pensacola, Fla. (Nearly twice natural size.) 306. Leptopbidium cervlnum, Goode .and Bean 346 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from type No. 28764, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fish Hawk at station 941. in N. lat. 40° 01', W. Ion. 69° 56', .at a depth of 76 fathoms. (About four-fifths natural size.) 307. Leptopbidium profundorum, Gill 347 Drawing by A. 11. Baldwin, from a specimen collected by the steamer Albatross at station 2042, in N. lat. 39° 33', W. Ion. 68° 26' 45", at a depth of 1,555 fathoms. (Slightly enlarged.; 308. Leptopbidium marmoratum, Goode and Bean 348 Drawing by M. M. Hildebrant, from type No. 37237, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Alba- tross, at 8t.ation 2350, in N, lat. 23° 10' 39", W, Ion. 82° 20' 21", at a depth of 213 fathoms. (Slightly reduced.) PLATE LXXXVIII. 309. Phycis regius, (Walbaum), Jordan and Gilbert 357 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 20923, U. S. N. M., obtained in New Tork City, by E. G. Blackford. (Two-thirds natural size.) 20* DEEP-SEA PISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. Tpxt page. 310. Phycis cirratus, Gootle and Beau 358 Drawiug by H. L. Toild, from type No. 39059, U. S. N. M., collected Ijy the steamer Albatroin, at station 2376, in N. lat. 29-^ 03' 15", AV. Ion. 88'=' 16', at a depth of 324 fathoms. 311. Phycis chuss, ( Walbanm), Gill 359 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 28707, U. S. N. M., collected by tlie steamer Fish Hawlc, at station 918, in N. lat. -iiP 20' 2i", W. Ion. 70^ 41' 30", at a depth of 245 fathom ^ PLATE LXXXIX. 312. Phycis tenuis, (Mitchill), De Kay 359 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 21029, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Si>eedwell. at stations 73 and 74, in Halifax Harbor. 313. Phycis Chesteri, Goode and Bean 360 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 21840, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Speedwell, at station 174, off Cape Ann, in 140 fathoms. (About two-thirds natural .size.) 314. Aprion macrophtbalmus, (Miiller), Jordan and Swain 239 Drawing by M. M. Smith, from a specimen collected by the steamer Blake, at station cci.xi, in N. lat. 23*^ 13', W. Ion. Sg-^i 10', at a depth of 84 fathoms. PLATE XC. 315. Lsemonema barbatu!a, Goode .and Bean 362 Drawing by \V. S. Haines, from No. 38331, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albalrosa, at station 2397, in N. lat. 28° 42', W. Ion. 86° 36', at a depth of 280 fathoms. 315A. Laemonema barbatula, Goode and Bean .362 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 29046, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fink Hawk, at station 1045, in N. lat. 38° 35', W. Inn. 73° 13', at a depth of 312 fathoms. 316. Laemonema melanurum, Goode and Bean 363 Drawing by W. S. Haines, from typo No. 38270, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatrons at station 2415, in N. lat. 30° 44', W. Ion. 79° 26', at a depth of 440 fathoms. 317. Molva vulgaris, Fleming .364 Ojitline from Day, Fishes of Great Britain and Irel.and, PI. Lxxxvi. PLATE XCI. 318. Physiculus Kaupi, Pooy 366 Outline from Giinther, Challenger Report, Vol. xxii, PI. xvii. 319. Physiculus fiilvus. Bean * .366 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from type No. 28766, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fish Hawk, at station 941, in N. lat. 40° 01', W. Ion. 69° 56', at a depth of 59 fathoms. 320. Uraleptus Maraldi (Risso), Costa 367 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from a specimen ecdlected by the steamer Blake,nt station i.xxxi, off Neris. (Nearly twice natural size.) PLATE XCII. 321. Lotella maxillaris. Bean 368 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from type No. 29832, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fish Hawk, at station 952, in N. lat. 39° .55', W. Ion. 70° 28', at a depth of 396 fathoms. (Nearly three times natural size.) 322. Mora mediterranea, Risso 369 Outline from Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, A'^ol. Iii, PI. 107. 323. Lepidioii Rissoi, S wainson 370 Outline from Vinciguerra, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genoa, Vol. xviii, T'l. iii. PLATE XCIII. 324. Autimora viola (Goode and Bean), .Jordan 372 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from type No. 21837, U. S. N. M., collected by Capt. .Joseph W. Collins, of the schooner Marion, on the edge of Le Have Bank. (Three-eighths natural size.) LIST OF PLATES AND FIGURES. 21* Text paee. 325. Halargyreus brevipes, Vaillant 375 Drawiug from Vaillant, Expeditious Siientiliques du Travailleur et du Talisman, PI. xxv. (About one-third natural size.) 32(5. Strinsia tinea, Raiiuesque 380 Outline from Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, Vol. m, PI. 107. PLATE XCIV. 327. Onos ensis, (Reinhardt), Gill 381 Drawing hj S. F. Peuton, from No. 39.321, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer ^ /iotross, at station 2550, in N. lat. 39° 44 ' 30", W. lou. 70° 30' 45", at a depth of 1.081 fathoms. 328. Rhiuonemus cimbrius, (Linmeus), Goode and Bean 384 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 2,721 U. .S. N. M., collected in Chaleur Bay, by Edward Brown. (About three times natural size.) 329. Brosmius brosme, (Miiller), Gilnther 385 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 29967, U. S. N. M., obtained in a Boston market, by W. A. Wilcox. PLATE XCV. 3.30. Merluciua bilinearis, (Mitchill), Gill 386 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 21016, U. S.N. M., obtained by the U. S. Fish Commission in a Halifax market. 331. Bregmaceros atlanticus, Goode and Bean 388 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from a specimen collected by the steamer Blake, at station cxill, off Neris, in 305 fathoms. (Three and a half times natural size.) 332, 333. Ccelorhyuchus occa, Goode and Bean 400 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from type No. 37334 U. S. N. M. , collected by the steamer J Ihniross, at station 2396, in N. lat. 28" 34', W. Ion. 86° 48', at a depth of 335 fathoms. (One-half natural size.) PLATE XCVI. 334. Macrurus berglax, Lac^pede 391 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 15608, U. S. N. M. (Gloucester donation 490), collected on the eastern part of Banquereux, at a depth of 200 fathoms, by Capt. David Campbell and crew of the schooner ^rfmiroJ. (One-fourth natural size.) 335. Macrurus Bairdii, Goode .and Beau 393 I )rawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 21014, U. S. N. M., taken 40 miles east of Thatcher's Island, at a depth of 160 fathoms. (About two-thirds natural size.) 336. Caelorhynchua carminatus, Goode 398 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 26187, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fish ITawli, at sta- tion 893, oft' Marthas Vineyard, in 372 fathoms. (Seven-twelfths natural size.) 337. Ccelorhynchus occa, Goode and Bean 400 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from type No. .37.334, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross, at station 2396, in N. lat. 28'^ 34', W. Ion. 86° 48', at a depth of 3.35 fathoms. (Seven-twelfths natural size.) PLATE XCVI I. 338. CcElorhynchus caribbseus, Goode and Bean 401 Drawing by H. 1^. Todd, from type No. 37.333, U. S. N. M, collected by the steamer Albatross, at station 2377, in the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico, in N. lat. 29° 07' 30", W. Ion. 88" 08', at a depth of 210 fathoms. (About two-thirds natural size.) 339. Coryphsenoides carapinus, Goode and Bean 404 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from a specimen collected by the steamer Blake, at station CCXLii, in N. lat. 390 43', W. Ion. 70° 55' 25", at a depth of 1,002 fathoms. 340. Hymenocephalus Goodei, (Giiuther), Bean ■'07 Drawing by II. L. Todd, from a specimen collected by thesteanier Blake, at station .56, in N. lat. 23" 09', W. Ion. 82" 21' 30", at a depth of 175 fathoms. (Four-fifths natural size.) 341. Hymenocephalus cavernosus, Goode and Bean "tOS Drawing by S. F. Denton, from type No. 37337, II. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross, at station 2398, in N. lat. 28° 45', W. Ion. 86° 26', at a depth of 227 fathoms. (.Slightly enlarged. ) 22* DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. PLATE XCVIII. Test page. 342. LionuruB iUicauda, Gunther 409 Outline from Gunther, Challenger Report, Vol. xxii, PI. xxxiv. 343. Trachonurus sulcatus, Goode and Beau 410 Drawing by A. H. Baldwin, from type No. 37335, U. S.N. M., coUected by the steamer. Hfcatross, at station 2394, in N. lat. 28° 38' 30", W. Ion. 87° 02', at a depth of 420 fathoms. (Slightly enlarged.) 344. Cetonurua globlceps, Valllant 411 Outline from Valllant, Expeditions Scientlfiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, PI. XX, Pig. 1. 345. Chalinuras iniula, Goode and Bean 412 Drawing by II. L. Todd, from No. 39152 U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross, at sta- tion 2095, in N. lat. 39° 29', W. Ion. 70° 58' 40", at a depth of 1,342 fathoms. PLATE XCIX. 345A. Chalinura mediterrauea, Giglioli 525 Outline by Prof. H. H. Giglioli, from a specimen in the Central Collection of Italian Verte- brata, Koj'al Zoological Museum, Florence, Italy. (Slightly reduced.) 346. Nematonurua gigas, (Vaillaut), Goode and Beau 416 Outline from Giinther, Challenger Report, Vol. xxii, PI. LX. 347. Moseleya longifilia, (Giinther), Goode and Bean 417 Outline from Giinther, ChaUeuger Report, Vol. xxil, PI. xxxv. PLATE C. 348. Abyssicola macrochira, (Giinther), Goode and Bean 417 Outline from Giiuther, Challenger Report, Vol. xxii, PI. xxix. Fig. B. 349. Trachyrhyuchua scabrus, (Rafinesque), Goode and Bean 417 Outline from Giinther, Challenger Report, Vol. xxii, PI. xli. Fig. C. 349A. Macrurus longifilia, Giiuther _ 417 Outline from Giinther, Challenger Report, Vol. xxii, PI. xxxv. PLATE CI. 350. Macrurua Novae-zelandiae, (Hector), Giinther 418 Outline from Hector. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, Vol. Ill, PI. xviii. 351. Steindachneria argeutea, Goode and Bean 419 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from type No. 37350, V. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross, at station 2378, in N. lat. 39^ 14' 30", W. hm. 88° 09' 30", at a depth of 68 fathoms. (About four-fifths natural size.) 352. Bathygadua favoaua, Goode and Bean 420 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from the type specimen collected by the steamer Blnlc, at station Lxxx, off Martinique, in 472 fathoms. (About one-half natural size.) 353. 354. Coelorhynchua carmlnatua, Goode 398 Drawings by H. L. Todd, from No. 26187, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fish Hawk, at station 893, off Marthas A'^ineyard, in 372 fathoms. (Natural size.) PLATE CII. 355A,B. Limauda Beauii, Goode 428 Drawings by H. L. Todd, from No. 26102, U. S. N. M., collected by the the steamer Fish Hawk, at stations 875, 876, off Marthas Vineyard, in 120 to 126 fathoms. (About four-fifths natu- ral size.) 3.55C, D. Limanda Beanii, Goode 428 Drawings by H. L. Todd, from a specimen collected by the steamer Albatross, at station 2401, in N. lat. 28° 38' 30", W. Ion. 85° 52' 30", at a depth of 142 fathoms. (Enlarged about one- half.) 356A. Glyptocephalua cynogloasus, (Linn.'Pus), Gill 430 Drawing by S. F. Denton, from No. 39487, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer JllxdrasK, at station 2552, in N. lat. 39° 47' 07", "W. Ion. 70° 35', at a depth of 721 fathoms. (Natural size.) 356B. Glyptocephalus cynogloasus, (Linnaeus), Gill 430 Drawing l)y .*>. F. 1 )(nton, from a specimen collected by the steamer Albatross, at station 2543, in N. lat. 39° 58' 15", \V. Ion. 70° 42' 30", at a depth of 166 fathoms. (Natural size.) LIST OF I'LATES AND FIGURES. 23* PLATE cm. Text page. 3.57A, li. Monoleiie sessllicauda, Ooode 452 Drawings liy H. L. Tddil, from No. 26120, U. S. N. M., collocted by tho steamer Fish Hawk, off Ncwpiirt, R. I. (About five-sevenths natural size.) 358. Monoleue atrimaua, Goode and Bean 455 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from the type specimen collected by the steamer Blake, at station XVI, off Rarbados, in 288 fathoms. (About four-fifths natural size.) 359. Monoleue atrimaua, Goode and Bean 455 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 26005, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fish Hawk, at stations 871 and 872, oft' Marthas Vineyard, in 86 to 115 fathoms. (Natural size.) PLATE CIV. 360. Etropus rimosus, Cuode and Bean 450 Drawing by 11. L. Todd, from type No. 37332, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross, at station 2408, in N. lat. 28° 28', W. Ion. 84° 25', at a depth of 21 fathoms. (Enlarged about one-half.) 361. Etropus rimosus, Goode and Bean 450 Drawing by II. L. Todd, from a specimen collected by the steamer Albatross at st.ition 2543, upon tho surface, in N. lat. 39° 58' 15", W. Ion. 70° 42' 30", at a depth of 166 fathoms. (Three times natural size.) 362. Notosema dilecta, Goode and Bean 437 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from a, specimen collected by the steamer Albatross, at the surface, at Station 2601, in N. lat. 34° 39' 15", W. Ion. 75^ 33' 30", at a depth of 107 fathoms. (Twice natural size.) PLATE CV. 363. HippogloBsua vulgaris, Fleming 434 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 10439, V. S. N. M., collected by the U. F. Fish Commission, at Eastport, Me. 361. Platysomatichthya hippoglossoides, (Walbaum), Goode and Bean 435 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from a specimen obtained in Fulton Market, New York City. PLATE CVI. 365A, B. Notosema dilecta, Goode and Bean 437 Drawings by II. L. Todil, from a .specimen collected by the steamer Blake, at station CCCXill, off Charleston, S. C, in N. lat. 32° 31' 50", W. lou. 78° 45', at a depth of 75 fathoms. (Slightly reduced.) 366A, B. Citharichthy s arctifrons, Goode 442 Drawings by H. L. Todd, from a specimen collected by tho steamer Fish Hawk, off Newport, R. I., in 115 to 155 fathoms. (Slightly enlarged.) PLATE CVII. 367. Hippoglossoides platessoides, (Fabricius), Gill 438 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 21002, U. S. N. M., collected by the U. S. Fish Commission, on Le Have Bank. 368. Cyclopsetta fimbriata, Goode and Bean 451 Drawing by II. L. Todd, from type No. 37330, U. S. N. M., collected by tne steamer Albatross, at Station 2403, in N. lat. 28° 42' 30", W. Ion. 85° 29', at a depth of 88 fathoms. (Seven- tcnths natural size.) PLATE CVIII. 369A 11. Citharichthys unicornis, Goode 444 Drawings by H. L. Todd, from typo No. 26003, IT. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fish Uaiik, at stations 870, 871, off Marthas Viney.ard, in 115 to 1.55 fathoms. (Enlarged about one-half.) 370. Citharichthys spilopterus, Giinther 447 Drawing by H. L.Todd, from a specimen collected by tho steamer Blake, at station cc.kliv, in N. lat. 23° 13', W. Ion. 89° 10', .it a depth of 84 fathoms. (Slightly reduced.) 371. Scianectes macrophthalmus. Alcock 440 Copied from Alcock, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Vol, LVIU, Pt. 2, PI. xvi, Fig. 4. 24* DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. PLATE CIX. Text pap«, 372. Trichopsetta ventralis, (Gootle and Bean), Gill 410 Urawiuj; by H. L. Todd, from No. 37372, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross, at station 2378, iu N. lat. 29° 13' 30", W. Ion. 88° 09, 30", at depth of 68 fathoms. (Slightly en- larged.) 373. Citharichthys peetulus, (Goode and Beau), Jordan and Gilbert 448 Drawing by II. L. Todd, from type No. 30180, U. S. N. M., collected by Silas Stearns, at Pen- sacola, Fla. (About one-half natural size.) PLATE ex. 374. Aphoristia fasciata, Goode aud Beau 458 Drawiug by H. L. Todd, from No. 37348, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Alhatroas, at Jamaica, West Indies. '¥ib. Aphoristia uebulosa, Goode and Bean 458 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from the type specimen, collected by the .steamer Blake, at .station ctcxQi, iu N. lat. 32° 07', W. Ion. 78° 37' 30", at a depth of 229 fathoms. S7t). Aphoristia marginata, Goode and Bean 459 Drawiug by 11. L. Todd, from a specimen collected by the steamer Albatrosn, at station 2376, in N. lat. 29° 03' 15", W. Ion. 88° 16', at a depth of 324 fathoms. (Slightly enlarged.) 377. Aphoristia pigra, (ioode and Bean 4fi0 Drawiug by 11. L. Todd, from the type specimen, collected by the steamer Blake, at station xxiii, olf St. Kitt's, West Indies, in 250 fathoms. 678. Aphoristia diomediaua, Goode and Beau 460 Drawiug by 11. L. Todd, from tlie type specimen, collected by the steamer Albatross, at station 2414, in N. lat. 25° 04' 30", W. Ion. 82° 59' 15", at a depth of 26 fathoms. (About two-thirds natural size.) 379. Aphoristia pusilla, Goode aud Beau 461 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from No. 28778, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fhli llaii-k. in N. lat. 40° 01', W. Ion. 69° 56'. off Marthas Vineyard, iu 179 fathoms. CAbout seven-tenths nat- ural size.) PLATE CXI. 380. Prionotus militaris, Goode aud Bean 404 Drawing by H. L. Todd, from the type specimen, collected by the steamer Albatross, at station 2362, off Cape Catoche, Yucatan, iu N. lat. 22° OS' 30", \V. lou. 86° 53' 30", at a dtjpth of 25 fathoms. 381. Prionotus egretta, Goode and Bean 465 Drawiug by M. M. Smith, from a si)ecimen collected by the steamer Blake, at station LXIV, off Barl>adoes, in 100 to 200 fathoms. 382. Prionotus alatus, Goode and Bean 467 Drawiug by H. L. Todd, from a specimen collected by the .steamer Blake, off Charleston, S. C, iu N. lat. 32° 31' 50", \V. Ion. 78° 45', at a depth of 75 fathoms. PLATE CXII. 383, 383B. Prionotus trinitatis, Goode aud Beau 468 Drawing.s by H. L. Todd, from type No. 39318, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Albatross, at station 2120, off Trinidad, in N. lat. 11° 07', W. Ion. 62° 14' 30", at a, depth of 73 fathoms. 384. Prionotus militaris, Goode and Beau 464 Drawiug by H. L. Todd, from the type specimen, cidlected by the steamer Albatrons, at Station 2362, off Cape Catoche, Yucatan, in N. lat. 22, ° 08' 30", W. Ion. 86° 53' 30", at a depth of 25 fathoms. PLATE OX III. 385, 385A, B. Peristedion miniatum, Goode 470 Drawings by H. L. Todd, from type No. 26023, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fish Hawk, at station 869, in X. lat. 40° 02' 18", W. Ion. 70" 23' 06", at a depth of 192 fathoms. (No. 385 reduced about one-half; Nos. 385A, B natural size.) LIST OF PLATES AND FIGUKES. 25* PLATE CXIV. Text page. 386. Peristedion longispatha, Goode and Bean 472 Ur.'iwiiiK by H. L. Tiidd, from the type siiecimen, collected liy the steuiiier lllakc. at statiim I, VIII.. iiti' Havana, in 242 fathoms. (About seven-ninths natural si/e.) 387. Peristedion gracile, Goode and Bean 473 Drawing by II. L. Todd, from the type specimen, collected by tlie steamer AlbairuHs, at station 2401, in N. lat. 28^^ 38' 30", W. Ion. 85° 52' 30", at a depth of 142 fathoms. 388A, B. Peristedion platycephalum, Goode and Bean 474 Drawings by H. L. Todd, from the type .specimen, collected by the steamer Blake, at station LX, oft' Barbados, in 123 fathoms. (Natural size.) PLATE CXV. 389. Lophotes Cepedianus, Giorna 349 Drawiui; from Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, PI. LXXI, Fig. 2. 390. Lophotes Capellei, Teuniiiuck and .Schlegel , 351 Outline from Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, PI. LXXI. 391. Trachypterus iris, (Gmeliu), Cuvier and Valenciennes 477 Outline from Cuvier and ^'all'ncienues, Histoire Naturelle des Pois.sous de la France, PI. 297. PLATE CXVI. 392. Trachypterus arcticus, ( Briinuich), Nilsson 479 Outline from Day, Fishes of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. i, PI. i.xiii. 393. Stylephorus chordatus, Shaw 482 Oiitliiii' from Blainville, .lournal de Physi(ine, Vol. LX.xxvil, PI. i. 394. Stylephorus chordatus, Shaw 482 Outline from Shaw, Transactions ol the Linnsean Society of London, \n\. I, p. 90. PLATE CXVII. 39.5. Regalecus glesne, Ascanius 480 Outline from Day, Fishes of Great Britain and Ireland. PI. 64. 39G. Macrorhamphosus scolopax, (Linmeus), Goode and Bean 483 Drawing l>y IT. L. Todd, from No. 28755, U. S. N. M., collected by the steamer Fhh Hawk, at station 940, in N. lat. 39" 54', W. Ion. 69^ 51' 30", at a depth of 130 fathoms. (Enlarged one- fourth.) 397. Aulostoma longipes, Vaillant 484 Outline from Vaillant. Ex))edition8 Scientifi<86, PI. xv. 409. Caulophryne setosus, Goode and Bean 496 Drawing by S. F. Denton, from type No. 39265, U. S. N. M.. collected by the steamer Jlhalrosn, in N. lat, 39^' 27', W. Ion. 71^^ 15 , at a depth of 1,276 fathoms. (Nearly three times natural si/e. ) 411). Halieutaea coccinea, Alcock ,500 Drawing from Alcock, .\nnals and Magazine of Natural History, Series G, Vol. \ iii, PI. \ 111. 411. Malthopsis luteus, Alcock 529 Drawing from Alcock, Anuals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, Vol. viii, PI. viii. PLATE CXXII. 412A. Pi. Halieutella lappa, Goode and Bean .500 Drawings by H. L. Todd, from No. 31862, U. S. N. M., collected by the 8teaM:er Fish Haitk. at st.a- tion 1151, in N. lat. 39'- 58 30", W. Ion. 70" 37', at a depth of 125 lathonis. 413. Dibranchus atlanticu?. Peters 501 Drawings by H. L. Todd, from No. 26088, U. S. N. JL, collected by the stcanii r Fi.ih Ilmrk. at sta- tion 879, off Marthas Vineyard, in 225 fathoms. (No. 413A, natural size; No. 413H. enlarged one-third.) 41 1. \, B. Halieutichthys aculeatus, (Mitchill), Goode .504 Drawings by H. L. Todd, from No. 2.3552, U. S. N. M.. collected at Key West, Fla., by ,1. \V. Nelie. (Natural size.) PLATE CXXIII. 415. Bathyclupea argentea, Gonde and Bean ]!I0 Drawiui; by A. II. Baldwin, from a specimen collected by the steamer JS?aAe, at station x.wvii, otl' Neris, in 365 fathoms. (About one-half natural size.) 416. Schedophilopsis spinosus, Steindachner 216 Drawing by A. II. Baldwin, from a specimen obtained at Astoria, Oregon, by Dr. Aug. C. Kin- ney. (I'our-fifths natural size.) 417. Tetragonurus Cuvieri, Risso 230 Drawing by M. M. Hildebrnnt, from No. 444.36, V. S. N. M., collected at Woods Holl, Mass.. by Viual N. Edwards. (About two aud a half times natural size.) OCEANIC ICHTHYOLOGY BASED UPON A STUDY OF THE DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN, By George Brown Goode and Tarleton H. Bean. A DISCUSSION OF THE SPECIES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION. Class MARSIPOBRANCHIL Marsipohranchii, BoxArARTK, Trans. Linn. Soc. Loiulou, v. 18, pp. 2S9, 304, 1841. MamqiiihrnncliUi , Gli.i., .loliDsou's Cydopn>di;i, iii, 31tj. Dermojileri (part), OwiiN, Auatumy of Vertebrates, I, 7. Skeletou of a very inferior type, the notocliord or embryonal vertebral column being- persistent. Skull rudimentary and represented by a small brain case and capsules for the organs of sense (auditory and olfactory), as well as by an ethmovomerine plate; the inferior appendages developed as elements designated as the "subocular arch," with a metapterygoid or "superior quadrate" and an "inferior (piadrate" portion, the "palato pterygoid" element, and the "stylohyal process;" labial cartilages form also a prominent feature of the skull; bones or cartilages, representing the upper as well as the lower jaws, entirely wanting; the branchial apparatus sustained by a basket like skeleton; no limbs developed, and no scapular arch or pelvic girdle. Brain small but distinctly developed, differentiated into the brain proper and medulla oblongata; the former comi^osed, as in the higher forms, of the " mesencephalon," " thalainencephalon," "prosencephalon," and " rhiuen- cephalon;" the latter small, with a fourth ventricle conspicuous fi'om above, and the "cere- bellum" very rudimentary. Auditory apparatus quite simple, represented by a single mem- branous tube without any differentiation into canals and vestibules, as in the Hyperotreta, or, at most, as in the Hyperoartia, with two semicular canals and a sacculated vestibule. Olfactory apparatus consists of a median sac; is provided with but a single external aper- ture. Heart distinctly develo])ed and divided into an auricle and ventricle, the former hav- ing in front a venous sinus, and the whole inclosed in a "i)ericardiuni," wliich connects with the peritoneal cavity. Intestinal canal simple; liver specialized as such, and kidneys well developed, with ureters opening behind into the rectum. Organs of generation without ducts, discharging into the abdomen, from which the products depart by an abdominal pore. The species of the class are found iu both fresh and salt waters, the Petromyzoutids having members in the fresh and salt waters of all temperate and subtemperate countries; while the Myxinoids are represented in tlie cold waters of the northern hemisphere by ^f!/.l■!ne, as well as along the shores of a considerable portion of the Pacific — in the Japanese and Chinese seas, California, Chile, and Australia. 19868— No. 2 1 1 2 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. Although no representatives of the class have been found in a fossil condition, their absence in the older strata is undoubtedly due rather to tlie difficulty connected with the preservation of the readily destructible cartilaginous skeleton than to their actual absence. It is indeed i)rol)al)k' that the order was extensively represented in past times and that it was more abundantly developed than any other tj^ie. [Gill.) Order HYPEROTRETA. Cyclostomnla htjperotrcta, MC'LLEr, Abhaudl. Akad. Wiss. Hyperotreta, Gii.i., Jolinson's Cyclopanlia, ii, 1079. An order of marsipobranchiates characterized by the construction of the cranial carti- lages and the complete tubulati have an elongated slit-like mouth, and are without teetli or eyes. lu this condition tliey were formerly considered to be members of a peculiar group (Ammoccetes). At maturity the mouth is circular, surrounded 4 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC HASIN. by a lip, and armed with deutigerous lainelhie cm its disk, as well as with lingual teeth ; enlarged plates above and below the antrum of the esophagus have been called maxillary and mandibular, but they have no homological rehitiou with t lie upper and lower jaws of ordinary fishes, and the lower jaw in them is absolutely wanting. This order embraces only a single family of existing species (the retromnzojitidw or lampreys), of which there are at least live genera, three of which are represented in North America. (Gill.) Family PETROMYZONTID^^. Petromyzontidce, Guntukh, Cat. Fish. IJrit. Mus., viii, 4;i;t. PETROMYZON, Arledi. reiromiizon, Artedi, Geuera Pisoium, 6-1. — Linx.euis, 8yst. Nat., etl. x, 1758, 5; eil. xil, 176G, i. 304. Dorsal fins two, the second continuous with the caudal; maxillary teeth separate, pointed, close together, not forming a crescent-shaped plate; mandibulary plate with seven to nine cusps; lingual teeth serrated, forming two crescent shaped plates on each side. PETROMYZON MARINUS, Linn.eus. Fetromyzon marinm, Lisn.eus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, 1758, 230; ed. xii, 17G6, 394. GCxtheu, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mas., vili, 501. Petromyzon amcricnnitK, Lk Sueue, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, i, 383.— Stoker, Hist. Fish. Mass., 251. Specimens of a Petromyzon apparently not specifically distinct from P. mnrinus, have been obtained from several localities at considerable depths. The Fish Commission trawled it off Cape Ann at station 189, in 85 fathoms, and at 192 in 100 fathoms, ami also at station 9i6, off Marthas Vineyard (lat. 39° 55', Ion. 71° W), at a depth of 1!47 fathoms, and bottom temperature of 47°. The occurrence of this form at so great a depth is interesting in con- nection with the record of the following species, P. Bairdii. PETROMYZON (B.\thymyzon) BAIRDII, Gill. rdromyzoH (Bathymyzun) Bairdii, Gill, Forest and. Stream, xxi, Aug. 30, 1883; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 254. This form of lamprey was described by Gill from a single specimen (Nat. Mus., No. 33311), obtained by the U. S. Fish Commission at station UOIS (lat. 40^ oi" 00", Ion. 08° 50' 30"), at a depth of 547 fathoms. No specific characters were mentioned except those enumerated above under the generic diagnosis "supraoral and intraoral plates or lauiime destitute of odontoid tubercles, the armature of the lamprey type being obsolescent."' The form is very closely related to Petromyzon marinus, but the limits of generic and specific variation in the Hyperoartia are by no means definitely agreed ui)oii, and Gill's identification of this specimen is accepted without comment or criticism. The following MS. descriptions, prepared in 1883, have been placed in our liauds by Dr. Gill: The head, from the snout to the first branchial aperture, is contained about scncii times in the total length, while the eye is intermediate between the snout and fifth branchial aperture. The diameter of the eye is equal to one-fourth of the distance of the intcrorbital area. The diameter of the circular disk ecjuals the interval between the eye and tilt li branchial aperture; the margin is regularly fringed, as in the related species. Indications of eight teetli are on the infroral lamina, and the tips of the two sujiroral ones are barely perceptible; the pectinations of the lingual teeth are well marked and differentiated. The chest (/. e., space between first and seventh branchial apertures) is about as long as the snout. The fins are moderate, the anterior dorsal being somcwiiat higlicr in liont of tlic niichlle than the diameter of the orbit, and the second dorsal about twice as high or ((inal to the distance between the eye and first branchial aperture. DISCUSSION OP SPECIES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION. 5 The color is dark, except iipou the belly, which is grayish. The second dorsal is darker across the middle in front and towards the margin behind, while the candal is blackish throughout. MEASUREMENTS. Inches. Total length 1 1 Snout to eye 1 Snout to first bramhial a]i('iture ._ li'^- Snout to seveutU branchial aperture 2^^ Snout to commencement of tirst dorsal 5f Snout to end of first dorsal 64 Snout to commencement of second dorsal ^^\ Snout to end of second dorsal 10 Snout to end of (-audal 11 Snout to counuencement of caudal below 9\^ Snout to corameuccmeut of caudal above 10 Snout to anus 7f This hitherto undescrilMMl form is evidently most closely related to the tj^iical species of the genus retromyzon^ but differs by the obsolescence of the armatiire of the suproral and infroral laminae, while differences of proportion characterize the species; it is scarcely generically distinct from retrnmyzon, but may be distinguished as a subgeiieric type under the name Bnthymyzon witli the following characters: BATHYMYZON. Petromyzontinw with the sujiroral lamina contracted, its two converging teeth almost completely fused together and only evident at the summit of the combined m.ass, infroral lamina cresceutiform and spout-like at the middle, and with the denticles obsolete, discope- ripheral teeth numerous and in obliquely-arched series of 4-7, declining downwards; the innermost lateral teeth of the four rows diverging from the nioutli, in each side bicuspid, with the cusps approxinr'ited, and diminishing downwards rapidly; the lingual teeth 3, pectinate, the anterior deeply impressed and sulcate backwards at the middle and the pos- terior correspondingly curved backwards at their inner lateral angles; the anterior dorsal tin distinct from posterior. {Gill, MS.) Class ELASMOBRANCHII. Lyriferous vertebrates with cartilaginous skeleton, and destitute of membrane or der- mal bones; no cranial sutures. Body with vertical and paired tins, the posterior pair ab- dominal; caudal tin with elongated upper lobe; gills attached by their outer edges to the skin, with an intervening gill opening between each; no gill cover; skin naked or covered witii minute imbricated scales or hard plates, sometimes spinous; no air bladder; arterial bulb with three series of valves; intestiues with a spiral valve; optic nerves united, not decussating, or only slightly so; ova few and large, fertilized, and sometimes developed internally; embryo with external deciduous gills; males with intromittent organs attached to ventrals. KEY TO SUBCLASSES OF ELASMOBRANCHII. I. (;ill opcuiugs, 5-7, slit-liUc; jaws detached from skull Ski.achii (Sharks and Rays) II. Hill openings single, four branchial clefts; jaw and palate attacLed to skull.. . HoloCepham (Chimieras) The class ElaxmohrKHchii, intermediate between the true tishes and the Marsipobranchi- ates, is sparingly represented in the abyss;il faunas. Subclass SELACHII. Elasmobranchiates with body more or less cylindrical or depressed, with gill openings slit-like, tive {sometimes six or seven) in number, sometimes lateral or inferior; jaws de- tached from the skull; opercular and pelvic bones lacking. 6 DEEP-SEA FISHES OP THE ATLANTIC BASIN. KEY TO THE ORDERS OF SELACHII. I. Tiunk more or less cylindrical, gradually tapering into the tail; fjill ojienings lateral Squali (Sharks) II. Trunk depressed (in typical genera the highly developed pectoral lius forming a broad flat disk) ; gill openings ventral Rai.k (Skates and Rays) Order SQUALI. The Sharks. Sela(;hiiin.s, with body more or less cyHudrical (sometimes much depressed anteriorly), gradually atteuiiatiuff into the tail. Brnnchktl oprii!nhh), GcHini: and Bean. (FigureS.) Squaliin carchariiix, Muller, Zoologicic Dauic;b Prodroiuus, 1776. 38 (not Linincus). SqitahcH microceiihahi!!, Schneider in Blocb, Syst. Ichth, 1801. 135. Scjimnus minocephtiliii, Kroykr, Daninark's Fiske, in, 18.53, 914, tig. — Collktt, Xoigcs Fiske, 212. — M.VLM. Fauna, 626. Somnionns microeephalds, GooDE and Bean, Bull. Essex lust., 1877, 31. — .Iouda.n and Gilbeut, Bull.xvi, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1883, In. SomnioKitK breri])iiina, Lk Sui'.ur, .Journ. Aca1. xx. Li'iodoii icliinnliim. AVooD, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Ii, 171. A Sumiiio.sn.'i with body robust, rnpidly tapi'riiiji bcliiiid, it.s jircatest doptli about oiio- fiftli its length; iiioutli transverse, moderate, witli deep }>r<>ove at its aii};le; upper jaw with five lows of small lancet -shai)od toeth, lower jaw with about six rows of broad, (piadraiij;nlar teeth, divided in their centers by a i)erpeiidicnlar ridp' and directed outward; about twenty-six teeth on each side; spiracles present, small; skin with tine tulien'les; tins small, the first dorsal about as larg-e as the \entrals and larger tlian tiie second dorsal and both spineless; pectorals short; caudal short and l)luntish The Nurse Shark beloiij;'s to the northern parts of the Xortli Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. Twenty or more have Ijeen taken about the I'.ritish Isles within the past century, chiefly along the northern shores, though one has been seen otf Suffolk, and one in l.S.')2 was found in the estuary of the Thames. In the western Atlantic it has not been seen south of Caiie Cod. Three came ashore at Provincetown in 1S4S-4!), one at Portland, Me., in lS4(i, and one about Cape Ami before ISIS, when Le Sueur saw and described its stuffed skin at Marblehead. About Greenland it is frequent near the shores, as it is also ott' Iceland and Norway, and the jaws are often seen in ethnographical collections, being used by the Eski- mo to make a rude tiara-like headdress. Curiously enough, this sluggish shark is a, deter- niined enemy of the wlnile, and bites great lumps of flesh from its body, as Scoresliy has recorded in his "Arctic Itegions." Somniosus descends to considerable depths, and, as Liitl/'>iiE. ECHINORHINUS, Blainville. Echiiwrhiniis, Hi.aixvillk, Bull. Sci., 1S16, 121; Faunc Franvaise, 66. — lioNAPAiMi;, Icim. Faun. Hal., in. Cast-. XIII, 1836, No. 138.— Mri.l.Eli and Hexle, S. B. Flag., 1841, 96.— OfNTliEit, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., viii, 428.— .Jordan and Gilbert, Bull, xvi, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1883, 13. Goniodm, Aoas.siz, Poiss. Fuss., iii [lyjie (loniodiis spinosiis, pl. E, Ii;;. 13|. Scymnoid sharks with t wo small siiineless dorsal tins, Ihe first o))posite the ventrals; anal fins lacking, pectoral and caudal but slightly developed, the latter wiih no pit at its ba.se. Mouth crescentic with a labial fold around its angle; nostrils midway between the nioutii and the end of the snout. Teeth in both jaws very obliijue with smooth cutting edges, the points being turned outward; two or more strong cusps on each side of the ])rincipal point. No nictitating memltrane. Sj tirades small; gill openings of inodeiate width. Skin wilh .scat- tered, round, ]irickly tuljercles, each leaving a scar when detached. ECHINORHINUS SPINOSUS, (Gmeux), Bi.ainvii.i.e. (FiRureO.) Sqiiahis npinoniin, Gmei.in, in Linn., Syst. Nat., 1788, I, 1.500. — LACtrEDF,, Hist. Nat. Poiss., i, 283, ]il. lii, fig. 2.— ScilXEiDER, Syst. Ichth. of Bloch, 1801, 136.— Risso, Ichth. Nici-, 42. Sci/mnm apinosus, Cuviek, Kogiif Animal, 1817, ii, 131, — liisso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Mrrid., I'oiss., in, 130. DISCUSSION OF SPECIES AND THEIR DISTRIIUJTION. • 9 Echinorliiiius splnomis, Ulaivville, Bull. Sti., 1816, 121.— Fanne Frauvaise, 6G.— Bonaparte, Icon. Fauu. Ital., Pesci, III, pi. cxxxviii. — Mullek and Hknle, S. B. I'lag., 96, \>\. i.x.^Yakuei.i,, Brit. Fi.sh., 2<1 ed.. n, 532, fig. ; 3il eil., li, .'529.— Costa, Fauna, Nap. Clioud., XM.— DlJil^ntiL, Iditliytdogie, I, 459.— GCxriiKi:. Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., viii, 428. — Goode and Beax, Bull. Essex Institute, 1877, 31.— Caxestkixi, Fauna Italica, Pesci, 42.— .Ioudax, loc. cit., 13. — Giglioli, Pcsci Italici, Cat., .")3; Elenco, 1883, 113.— Day. Fishes Gt. Brit. & Ireland, ii, 323, pi. ci.xii, fig. 2. Goniodiis sjnuosim, Agassiz, Poi.ss. Foss., in, pi. E, fig. 13. CinlroplKinis spiiioiius, Swaix.so.n, Fishes, ii, 315. S(iiu(his hniciis:, BoXN'ATEiiiiE, Eneyclopt'-die Mi^thodique. Efhiiioi-hhniii oheKKx, S.MITII, lllustratiiins of the ZoJilogy of Siiutli Africa. 1838-42, Pisces, pi. i. Spiracles hehiud the (\ve, behind tlie vertical from the angle of the month. Teeth 2|^. Dor.sal fins close together. Each tubercle with a small spine in the center. Brownish violet, with or without dark spots. (Gilnther.) A single iiidividaal has been observed in the western Atlantic. Tiiis drifted ashore at Provincetowu in December, 1S7S (Uoode and Bean, loc. cit.). In the ^Mediterranean it israre, and lives at considerable depths (Oanestrini, Fauna d' Italia, Pesci, p. 42). Eis.so men- tions one weighing 400 jiounds. Day records the occurrence of some thirty individuals in liritish waters sincii 1S2S, tiie largest 9 feet in length; tlii.s was a female and contained seventeen eggs, and was taken off the Eddystone in January, ISGO. Since captures in this region luive been made at all seasons of the year, it would appear that its breeding place and home is in the northeastern Atlantic, and that its infrequent capture is due to its habit of living on theoffsiiore ledges and banks at considerable deptlis. As the synonymy shows, it was recorded by Smitli from the (Jape of Good Hope. It may be regarded as peculiar to the eastern part of the Atlantic Basin, the Cape Cod specimen being dovibtless a waif. Family SQUALID^^, Gunther. Spinacidce, Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., viii, 1870, 417-125.— .loiaiAX anii (iiLiiKijT, liull, xvi, U. S.Nat. Mus., 1883, 15. Selachians witli body somewhat elongate and head depressed; eyes lateral; nictitating membrane absent; inoutii inferior, rather large, with a deep groove along either side; teeth compressed, varied; nostrils inferior, lateral, near the front margin of the snout; spiracles moderate; gill openings moderate, Ave on each side and all in ft-ont of the pectoral fins; dorsal tins two, each armed with a spine; the first dorsal in front of the i)ectorals; anal fin lacking; caudal fin with the h)wer lobe small or obsolete; ventrals far back. Of the seven genera com])rising this family only two, Squalus {=Aeanthias) and Ory- natus ( = Gc)itriit