iflil

no3

Umoirs of t^e Ulusnim of Comparative .^oolo^u

AT HARVARD COLLEGE.

Vol. XXXIV. No. 1.

HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ECHINI.

THE CIDARID^.

BY

ALEXANDER AGASSIZ and HUBERT LYMAN CLARK.

WITH FORTY-FOUR PLATES.

[Published by Permission of George M. Bowers, U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries.]

CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A.:

|3rintctr for tlje iluseum,

Febbcakv, 1907.

CONTENTS.

No. 1. HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ECHINI. Based upon Collections made
by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross " in 1902, Commander Chauncet
Thomas, U. S. N., Commanding. The Cidarioe. By Alexander Agassiz and Hubert
Lyman Clakk. 42 pp. U plates. February, 1907.

CONTENTS.

Notice vii

Cidai-idiE Miiller

Goniocidaridas Haeckel

Cidaris Klein ........

Cidaris tribuloides Agass., Plate 2,

figs. 1-4

Cidaris Thouarsii Val., Plate 1, figs. i,;?
*C'idaiis metularia Bl., Plate 1, figs.

S-7

Dorocidaris A. Ag

Dorocidaris abj'ssicola A. Ag., Plate

12% figs. 1-3

Dorocidaris atliuis A. Ag., Plate 12''

figs. IS

Dorocidaris Bartletti A. Ag., Plate

12% figs. 6-lS

Dorocidaris Blakei A. Ag., Plate 12'',

figs. 4-6

Dorocidaris panamensis A. Ag., Plate

2, figs. 5-S ^. . .

Dorocidaris bracteata A. Ag., Plate

3, figs. lo-2S

Dorocidaris Reiiii Dod., Plate 3, figs.

1-U

*Dorocidaris calacantha A. Ag. and
Clark, I'lates 4, figs. 1-L2 ; 13 ; 11 ;

34 ; 35

Chondrocidaris A. Ag. , . . . .
*Chondrocidaris gigantea A. Ag., Plate

4, figs. 13-19

Phyllacantlins Brandt

Phj'lLacanthus anniilifera A. Ag., Plate

12", figs. 14, 15

PhylLacantluis baculosa A. Ag., Plate

12". figs. 16, 17

*Pliyllacautlius Thoraasii A. Ag. and

Clark, Plates 5, figs. 1-17 ; 26, figs.

5-S: 27-30

Stephauocidaris A. Ag

Page
1
3

3

3

4

8
9
9
9
10

11
14

14
15

15
15

15

17

Page

Stephauocidaris bispinosa A. Ag., Plate

12'', figs. 10, 11 18

*Stephanocidaris hawaiiensis A. Ag.and

Clark, Plates 4, figs. 20-23 ; 12", figs.

12, 13; 24; 25; 26, figs. 1-4 . . 18

Stereocidaris Pomel 22

*Stereocidaris grandis Dod., Plates 5,

figs. 18-20 ,• 33 ; 36 22

*Stereocidaris leucacantba A. Ag. and

Clark, Plates 6 ; 15 ; 32 . . , . 23

Goniocidaris Des 26

Gouiocidaris biserialis Dod., Plate 10,

figs. 22-25 26

Goniocidaris clypeata Dod., Plate 10,

figs. 27-31 26

Goniocidaris mikado Dod., Plate , 10

fig. 26 28

Centrocidaris A. Ag 29

Centrocidaris Doederleini A. Ag., Plates

10, figs. 1-9 ; 12^ figs. 7-9 .. . 29
Anomocidaris A. Ag. and Clark , . 30
Anoniocidaris tenuispiua A. Ag. and

Clark, Plates 11, figs. 6-12; 12, figs.

lS-30; 31, figs. 5-S 30

Porocidaris Desor 31

Porocidaris Cobosi A, Ag. , Plate 7 . 31
*Poroeidaris variabilis A. Ag. and

Clark, Plates 8; 16-22; 23, figs, i-.^ 32
Aporocidaris A. Ag. and Clark ... 36
Aporocidaris Milleri A. Ag. and Clark

Plate 9 37

Aporocidaris fragilis A. Ag. and Clark

1'l.ates 10, figs. 10-21; 23, figs. 5-S 37

Acaiitlioeidaris Mort 38

*Ac:inthocidaris liastigera A. Ag. and

Clark, Plates 11, figs. 1-5 : 12, figs.

1-17; 12'; furs. IS, 19 : S:-i2 . . 39
Plates and Explanation of Plates . . 43

* Hawaiian species.

NOTICE.

The following account of the Cklarida? of the Hawaiian Echini collected
in the spring of 1902 by the United States Fish Commission Steamer " Alba-
tross," Commander Chauncey Thomas, U. S. N., commanding, is the first part
of the description of a large collection of Sea-urchins intrusted to us for
examination by the Hon. George M. Bowers, United States Fish Commis-
sioner. A few other Echini collected by the '• xllbatross" in different parts
of the Pacific have been incorporated in our Report, and special reference
has been made to some Deep Sea Panamic Cidarida3 collected by the
"Albatross" in 1891, for the sake of having a connected account of the
pedicellarice of the Pacific Cidaridaj. This part of the Report has been pre-
pared by Mr. Clark, and he has, as far as practicable, analyzed the statements
of Mortensen, Ddderlein, and de Meijere regarding their systematic value.
Ml". Agassiz has in his Panamic Deep Sea Echini given his views of the new
classification of Echinoids proposed by Mortensen and de Meijere. As regards
the position taken by Doderlein regarding Mortensen's system, in his Echini
of the " Valdivia," which has recently been published, it is difficult to follow
him. His statements are often most guarded ; next they may bo enthusiastic
in favor of a classification based upon pedicellaria\ and again are radically
opposed to such a course. The numerous illustrations of pedicellarife given
by Doderlein are unfortunately somewhat indistinct, and it is often very
difficult to distinguish their characteristic features.

The succeeding parts of this monograph on the Hawaiian Echini will be
published as rapidly as tlie preparation of the plates will allow. In the
meantime a preliminary list of the species included in tlie collection will
shortly be printed. For the positions indicated in the Stations, see U. S.
Hydrograpliic Chart, No. 1368.

ALEXANDER AGASSIZ.

HUBEIIT LYMAN CLARK.

Museum of Comparative Zoology.

Cambridge, Mass., February, 1907.

HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ECHINI.

Collected by the U. S. Fish CojiMissroN Steamer "Albatross,"
Commander Chauncey Thomas, U. S. N., Commanding.

CIDARIDiE Muller.

Pedicellari^ are present in considerable numbers among the secondary
and miliary spines of the Cidaridas and show the greatest diversity in their
size, form, and relative abundance. We can distinguish in this family
three sorts of pedicellaria?, differing from one another in structure, as well
as in size, and for convenience these have been designated as " tridentate,"
"large globiferous," and "small globiferous." The three kinds are not,
however, sharply distinct from one another, for intermediate forms are
common, often on one and the same individual. Covered with their
epidermal tissue the pedicellarioe are difficult to study, but when the
organic matter has been cleaned off with caustic potash, or much better
with hypochlorite of soda, their calcareous parts show many interesting
features. In what follows, reference is made to these calcareous parts only.

The tridentate pedicellari;T3 have the valves elongated, and either flat
or contracted rather abruptly into a slender blade, Avhich may terminate
in a rounded, more or less smooth end, or in a conspicuous hook or " end-
tooth." Each valve is practically solid and does not contain any interior
cavity, but it is often more or less perforated, near the base and along the
sides, with small holes. A tridentate pedicellaria is usually made up of
three valves, of equal size, connected with each other at the base by
muscles, and freely movable on the end of a stalk of variable length. But
similar pedicellarias with only two valves occur regularly in Porocidaris
pnrpurata, and rarely in P. variabilis, while in the latter species such
pedicellarite with four valves are also occasionally found. When closed,
the valves may meet for their entire length (and this is always so in
pedicellarias having two or four valves) or, as in many of those witii three
valves, these meet only at the tip or for a fraction of their lengtli, and are

2 HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ECHINI.

more or less widely separated above tlieir basal union. In size, the valves
show a wide ranLj;e, from less than lialt' a millimeter to over halt" a centi-
meter lonLr. tlie width beinac from .10 to .70 of the leni>;th. In small
examples the stalk, wliicli is a simple, straight rod, is often as long as
the valves, but in large ones the valves are much the longer. Tridentate
pedicellarite occur mainly around the primary spines, especially on the
actinal half of the test, but they may occur abactinally and are sometimes
conspicuous on the abactinal system. Tliey may be entirely wanting not
merely in individual cases but in wliole groups of species.

The large globiferous pedicellaria3 are always three-valved. They take
their name from the fact tliat when tlie valves, which are lar<re and hollow,
are closed in their normal position, the wliole head appears more or less
globular. The cavity of each valve opens on tlie inner side near the tip,
or the opening may be terminal. The size of tlie opening is very variable,
but the three valves of any one pedicellaria are all alike. When the
opening is not at the end, the tip of the valve may be blunt and rounded
or it may terminate in a more or less conspicuous " end-tooth." When
the opening is large the edges are usually irregularly serrate, and more
or less of the entire length of the margin of the valve may be provided
with small teeth. The lower edge of the opening is usually sharply
indicated by a Iiorizontal, outwardly curved " lip," but this is frequently
imperfect or entirely wanting. The lower part and back of the valve is
more or less perforated with holes of variable size and shape. True large
globiferous pedicellari;o show relativel}^ little diversity in size, the valves
ranging only from one-half to a little more than one millimeter in length.
The stalk is usually about as long as the valves, but is often less, while
on the other hand it may be twice as long. Usually it is a simple, straight,
calcareous rod, but in some species there are frequently, if not always,
projecting, slender spicules which form a circle near the distal end of the
stalk; this is referred to as the "limb." Large globiferous pedicellarite
occur cliiefly on the abactinal lialf of the test and most commonly between
the primary spines, though they are often frequent on the abactinal system.
They seldom occur on the ambulacra or near the actinostome and they are
often entirely wanting, not merely in individual cases, but even in whole
groups of species. In individuals on which they are abundant, there may
not uncommonly be found large globiferous pedicellariie in which the
valves have become elongated and narrow, without a lip, and the opening

CIDARID^. 3

larger and longer than iisnal, and the transition into tridentate pedicellarite
can be traced step by step tlirough a series of such intermediate forms.
More commonly a series may be found in which, by a gradual reduction in
size, the large globiferous intergrade witli the small globiferous pedicellarias.
The small globiferous pedicellariaj are very similar to the large ones in
all essentials of structure, but the valves are more slender and the stalk
is much longer, and rarely, if ever has a limb. Often the valves differ in
some way very clearly from those of the large globiferous pedicellarite of
the same individual; thus, if the latter have an "end-tooth" most of the
small ones may lack it, or vice versa. But they vary greatly, and in the
same individual may be found small pedicellarice the valves of which have
no end-tooth, and others in which it is conspicuous. And in some species,
moreover, the small globiferous pedicellarias are just like the large ones
and intergrade with them completely. Tke valves of the small ones range
from .15 mm. upwards in length, while the stalk is often two or three times
as much and in some cases is five or six times as long as the valves. Small
globiferous pedicGllaria3 may occur anywhere on the test except within tlie
areolse and the poriferous zones. They are particularly abundant on
the actinostome and on the actinal part of the ambulacra, but they may
be equally common on the abactinal system. Those with the shortest
stalks occur on the ambulacra, while those with the longest stalks are found
among the secondary spines of the scrobicular circles. They are never
entirely wanting except in the genus Porocidaris, where they are replaced
by very small tridentates.

GONIOCIDARID.ai Haeck.

CiDARis Klein.
Cidaris tribuloides Agass.

Cidarites tribuloides Lamarck, 181 G. Anim. s. Vert. Ill, p. 56.
Cidaris tribuloides Agassiz, 1835, Prodrome, p. 188.

Plate 2, figs. 1-J,.

All three kinds of pedicellarite are present in most individuals, but
occasionally the tridentate are wholly wanting, and now and then only two
or three large globiferous ones will be found, even on large specimens.

The large globiferous pedicellarite (PI. 2, fig. 1) have the opening large,
terminal, with a well-developed lip and the margins conspicuously toothed.

4 HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ECHINI.

The blade is somewhat curved, so that it has been described as "projecting
in a snout-like way." This is the type of pedicellaria whicli Mortensen
regards as characteristic of the genus Cidaris ; as a matter of fact, liow-
ever, it occurs in several other genera. The valves are .60-.70 mm. in
length; the stalks (PI. 2, fig. ,"?) are .60-1.50 mm. long and have no limb.
They occur chiefly on the interambulacra and most commonly on the
abactinal surface.

The tridentate pedicellarite (PI. 2, fig. 4) are not specially peculiar.
The valves are narrow and somewhat compressed, usually .50 mm. long or
less, often much less, but sometimes are nearly or quite 1 mm. ; the stalks
are shorter than the valves. They occur almost wholly on the actinal
side of the test and are most abundant on the interambulacra.

The small globiferous pedicellaria^ (PI. 2. fig. S) have a conspicuous end-
tooth on each valve ; the opening is not terminal nor is the blade curved, so
that the general appearance is quite different from the large ones. Tlie
valves are .20-50 mm. in length, while the stalk is from one to three times
as long. They occur everywhere on the actinostome, ambulacra, interam-
bulacra and abactinal system.

Cidaris Thouarsii Val.

Cidaris Thouarsii Val. Agassiz et Desor. 184(), Cat. Rais. Ann. Sci. Nafc. (3) VI, p. 32G.

Plate 1, figs. 1, 3.

All three kinds of pedicellariaj are commonly present, but in specimens
from the Galapagos Islands and occasionally in those from Panama, tlie
tridentate are wholly wanting. The large globiferous are also often
reduced in numbers so that only two or three are to be found.

The large globiferous pedicellarite are like those of C. iribuloides in ionn,
but are generally larger, often with valves nearly 1 mm. long. The stalk
about equals the head and may have a well-developed limb, but this is
more commonly lacking (PI. 1, fig. l). These pedicellaria; occur mainly
on the abactinal interambulacra.

The tridentate pedicellarite are similar to those of irlhuloidcs, but are
somewhat larger. They occur mainly on the actinal surface.

The small globiferous pedicellaria3 (PI. 1, fig. ,?) are like those of iribu-
loides, but are larger, sometimes .75-.80 mm. in length of valves, though
they are usually under .50 mm. ; the stalk is one to three times as long
as the valves. They occur abundantly everywhere.

CIDARIS METULAEIA, 5

In October and November of 1904, this species was collected by the
"Albatross" at the following localities:

Perico Island Panama, one fathom ; three specimens.
Toboquilla Island, Panama, shore; one specimen.
Chatham Island, Galapagos, shore ; eight specimens.

Cidaris metularia Bl.

Cidarites metularia Lamarck, 1816, Anim. s. Vert. Ill, p. 56.

Cidaris metularia Blaiuville, 1830, Zoophytes : Diet. Sci. Nat., LX, p. 212.

Plate 1, figs. 3-7.

All three kinds of pedicellarioe are present, usually in considerable
numbers.

The large globiferous pedicellarije (PL 1, fig. 6) are like those of C.
trihuloides, but are a trifle smaller. The stalks are one or two times as long
as the valves and are provided with a conspicuous limb (PL 1, fig. 3), which
seems to be always present. They occur on the interambulacra, chietiy
abactinally.

The tridentate pedicellariaa (PL 1, fig. 7) are similar to those of triiu-
loides. The valves are about .80 mm. in length and the stalks are about
equal to them. These pedicellaria3 are common everywhere except on the
abactinal system.

The small globiferous pedicellariaj (PL 1, figs. ^.-5) are like those of
trihuloides, but a little smaller, the valves usually about .35 mm. long. ; the
stalks are one to three times as long as the valves. They occur eveiy-
where on the test and are very common.

None of the two hundred and ninety-six specimens of this widely dis-
tributed Indo-Pacific species show any notable peculiarities, and they differ
from Zanzibar examples only in their brighter color. They were taken by
the " Albatross" at the following stations.

Station 3838. Off S. coast of Molokai. Bott. temp. 67°. 92-212
fathoms. Fne. gy. br. s.

Station 3847. Off S. coast of Molokai. 23-24 fathoms. S. st.

Station 3849. Off S. coast of Molokai. Bott. temp. 67.6^ 43-73
fathoms. Crs. s. brk. sh. co.

Station 3861. Pailolo Channel, and N. E. approach. 30-52 fathoms.
Fne. s. sm. p. co.

6 HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ECHINI.

Station 3871. Aiiau Channel, between Maui and Lanai. 13-43 fathoms.
Fne. wh. s.

Station 3872. Auau Channel, between Maui and Lanai. Bott. temp.
74.6°. 32-43 fathoms. Yl. s. p. co.

Station 3874. Auau Cliannel, between Maui and Lanai. Bott. temp.
75.3°. 21-28 fathoms. S. p. sh.

Station 3870. Auau Channel, between Maui and Lanai. Bott. temp.
74°. 28-43 fathoms. S. g.

Station 3955. Vicinity of Laysan. Bott. temp. 74°. 20-30 fathoms.
Co. r. alg.

Station 3902. Vicinity of Laysan. 16 fathoms. Wh. s. co.

Station 3908. French Frigate Shoal. 14|-16i fathoms. Crs. s. co.

Station 3970. French Frigate Shoal. 17-17| fathoms. Crs. s. sh. co.

Station 3971. French Frigate Shoal. 17 fathoms. Crs. s. sh. co.

Station 3978. Vicinity of Modu Manu. 32-40 fathoms. Co. s. for. r.

Station 4027. Vicinity of Kauai. Bott. temp. 42.8°. 319 fathoms.
Fne. gy. s. r.

Station 4032. Penguin Bank, S. coast of Oahu. 27-29 fathoms.
Fne. CO. s. for.

Station 4033. Penguin Bank, S. coast of Oahu. 28-29 fathoms.
Fne. CO. s. for.

Station 4034. Penguin Bank, S. coast of Oahu. 14-28 fathoms.
Fne. CO. s. for.

Station 4040. Off W. coast of Hawaii. Bott. temp. 59'. 71-147
fathoms. Co. s. for.

Station 4146. Vicinity of Modu Manu. Bott. temp. 78.7°. 23-20
fathoms. Crs. co. s. for.

Station 4147. Vicinity of Modu Manu. Bott. temp. 77.9°. 26 fiithoms.
Co. corln.

Station 4148. Vicinity of Modu Manu. Bott. temp. 77.9°. 26-33
fathoms. Co. s. for.

Station 4149. Vicinity of Modu Manu. Bott. temp. 77. 7\ 33-71
fathoms. Co. corln.

Station 4150. Vicinity of Modu Manu. Bott. temp. 74°. 71-100
fathoms. Co.

Station 4158. Vicinity of Modu Manu. Bott. temp. 78.0. 20-30
fathoms. Co. corln.

DOKOCIDAEIS 7

Station 4159. Vicinity of Modu Manu. Bott. temp. 78.3'. 30-31
fathoms. Crs. co. s. brk. sh. for.

Station 41G0. Vicinity of Modu Manu. Bott. temp. 78°. 31-39 fathoms.
Co. corhi.

Station 4161. Vicinity of Modu Manu. Bott. temp. 77.9'. 39-183
fathoms. Co. corhi.

Station 416!^. Vicinity of Modu Manu. 21-24 fathoms. Co.

Station 4167. Vicinity of Modu Manu. 18-20 fathoms. Co. s.

Station 4169. Vicinity of Modu Manu. Bott. temp. 78.6°. 21-22
fathoms. Co.

Bathymetrical range, 13-319 fathoms. Extremes of temperature,

78.7-67°.

DOKOCIDARIS A. Ag.

Dorocidaris abyssicola A. Ag.

Dorocidaris abyssicola A. Ag., 1869. Bull. M. C. Z., I, 9, p. 253; Rev. Ecli. PI. I, figs. 1-4.

Plate 12% figs. 1-5.
Further examination of a h^rge series of Dorocidaris from the West
Indies and Florida, comparisons being carefully made with a considerable
number of European specimens of D. 'papilMa, makes it evident that
abt/ssicola can be constantly distinguished from that species. Mortensen's'
suggestion that the small pedicellaria3 might be a distinguishing character
is however not a happy one, for the pedicellarite in abi/ssicola are very
variable. The large globiferous ones show remarkable diversity even in
a single individual, as is well shown in the figures here given, so that it
would be imwise to lay any stress on their form as a systematic character.
In general it may be said that the pedicellariiB agree closely (as would
naturally be supposed) with tho.se of jxipiUata. The smooth, white spines
afford the most obvious character by which abyssicola may be recognized.

1 Ingolf Exped. Echiuoidea, 1903, Vi. I, p. 34.

HAWAIIAN AJSTD OTHER PACIFIC ECHINI.

Dorocidaris affinis A. Ag.

Cidaris affinis Philippi, 1845. Arch. f. Naturg. Eilfter Jahrg. Bd. I, p. 351.

Dorocidaris affinis A. Ag., 1869. Bull. M. C. Z., I, pp. 17 and 254; Kev. Ech. PL I, fig. 5.

Plate 12^ figs. 1-3.
Mortensen' has pointed out the characteristics distinguishing this species
from papillata, but he fails to realize the diversity which the pedicellariaB
may show. It is true that the large globiferous pedicellarise are ordinarily
like those of Cidaris (PI. 12'', fig. s), but occasionally they are scarcely dis-
tinguishable from those of Dorocidaris (PI. 12'', fig. i), while not infrequently
they are somewhat intermediate as the opening is not quite terminal
(PI. 12^ fig. 2.).

Dorocidaris Bartletti A. Ag.

Dorocidaris Bartletti A. Ag., 1880. Bull. INI. C. Z., VIII, 2, p. 69.

Plate 12% figs. 6-13.
Of all the Cidaridoe which we have examined, none exhibit more re-
markable diversity in the form of the large globiferous pedicellariis than
does this interesting and handsome West Indian species. Although the most
common form (PI. 12% fig. I0)is that which Mortensen- gives as the dis-
tinguishing feature of his proposed genus Tretocidaris, others (PI. 12%
fig. 7) are quite frequent which ought to distinguish a true Cidaris, while
others (PI. 12% figs, 6 and 9) are quite unlike either. The pedicellaria shown
in PI. 12*, fig. 6, may possibly be a stage of growth of the one shown in PI. 12%
fig. 7, but this hardly seems probable. If one were to attempt to determine
the generic position of this species by the pedicellaria?, it is obvious that
serious difficulties would arise, nor would the presence of a "limb" on the
stalk be of assistance, for it is also a very variable character (PI. 12% figs, li
and lo). This great diversity in the pedicellariae is of special interest
because the primary spines of Bartletti show a greater variety of form than
those of any other member of the genus, and according to Mortensen's
view^ the pedicellarioe ought to afford more constant characters.

1 Ingolf Exped. Echiuoidea, 1903, Tt. I, pp. 35-37.
» Loc. cit., p. 16.
' Loc. cit., p. 15.

DOEOCIDAEIS BLAKEI. 9

Dorocidaris Blakei A.. Ag.

Dorocidaris Blakei A. Ag., 1878. Bull. M. C. Z., V, 9, p. 185. PI. IV; " Blake " Ech. PL T.

Plate 12^ figs. 4-6

Although the large globiferous pedicellarife of this species are much less
variable than those of Barileiti, nevertheless they show sufficient diversity to
prevent assigning them all to a single type. The opening at the tip may be
broadly triangular with a well-defined lip (PI. 12'', fig. ,^), but it is commonly
more elongated (PI. 12'', fig. 5), and may be so narrow (PI. 12'', fig. 6) as to
approach the form which Mortonsen' assigns to " Schizocidaris." The valves
are, however, much broader than in that group, and none were found which
would indicate any other genus than Dorocidaris.

Dorocidaris panamensis A. Ag.

Dorocidaris panamensis A. Ag., 189S. Bull. M. C. Z., XXXII, 6, p. 73.

Pis. I aud II, fig. 1; Pan. Deep Sea Ech. PL 1.

Plate 2, figs. g-S.

Only two kinds of pedicellaria3 are present in the specimens of this
species which are at hand, as the tridentate are entirely wanting.

The large globiferous pedicellarioe (PI. 2, fig. 5) are much like those in
Cidaris. The valves are .90-.95 mm. in length and the stalk is about the
same or a little shorter ; it has no limb. These pedicellaria? are not very
common, but occur between the primary spines on the interambulacra.

The small globiferous pedicellarite (PI. 2, figs. G-S) are quite different
from the large ones and sometimes have a large end-tooth (PI. 2, fig. s) as in
Cidaris. The valves are only .30-.60 mm. in length, while the stalk varies
from .30 to 2.50 mm. They are common on all parts of the test.

Dorocidaris bracteata A. Ag.

Dorocidaris bracteata A. Ag., 1879. Proc. Am. Acad., XIV, p. 197.

Plate 3, figs. 1.5-3S.

Three small specimens of a Cidaris were collected at Station 3746, May 19,

1900, off Suno Saki, Sagami Bay, Japan, in 49 fathoms, gy. s. p., the largest of

which has a test 15 mm. in diameter, and the smallest only 8 mm. We take

I Ingolf Exped. Ecliinoidea, 1003, Ft. I, p. 25.

10 HAWAIIAN AXD OTHER PACIFIC ECHINI.

them to be the young of Dorocidarls bmdeala, although the serrations of the
radioles (PI. 3, fig. :J4) are sharper and more prominent than the bhmt ones
forming the ridge of the fluting of larger specimens. The color of the bands
of the radioles is light greenish brown ; tlie small spines are of a lighter color,
yellowish gray, while the older specimens of D. hracteata collected by the
"Challenger" were of a reddish-brown tint. Coming from so near the spot,
where the adults of D. Reini Doderlein (referred to beyond) were taken, it
would be natural to regard these small specimens as the young of that
species ; but the form and coloration of the spines leave no doubt that
they belong rather to bracteuia. In these specimens, all three kinds of
pedicellaritB are present. They resemble quite closely those of D. lifiid, but
are somewhat smaller.

The large globiferous pedicellarice (PI. 3, fig. 15) are more common and the
limb (PI. 3, fig. '23) curves outward more than in Rcini and its branches are
sometimes provided with additional projections. In addition to the.se, other
large pedicellarite (PI. 3, fig. lo) are found which have the opening of the
valves on the inner surface, very large and with no lip, somewhat like those
which Mortensen considers characteristic of Stereocidaris. There are also tri-
dentate pedicellarite with strongly curved valves (PI. 3, figs. 19, 20), which
are quite peculiar. The small globiferous pedicellariaj (PI. 3, figs. 17, LS)
often lack the end-tooth.

Mortensen, on the strength of a large pedicellaria like PI. 3, fig. 17, places
this species in Stcphanocidaris, while the presence of pedicellarioe like
PI. 3, fig. 15 surely fixes its place, according to his scheme, in Cidaris !
On the other hand, PI. 3, fig. IG would seem to show that it is nearer to
Stereocidaris ! What are we to do in the face of such disorderly pedicellarite ?

Dorocidarls Reini Dod.

Cidaris (Dorocidaris) Reiui Doderlein, 1887. Jap. Seeigel., p. 7, T;if. lY, figs. 1-7

and Taf. VIII, fig. 4 a-d.

Plate 3, figs. 1-}/,.
Five specimens of this species were collected off Honshu Island, Japan,
which agree well with the specimen figured by Doderlein. They range in size
from 22 mm. to 30 mm. in diam. The primary radioles (PI. 3, fig. .9) are very
uniform in appearance and structure ; in one of the specimens, however, the
radioles are somewhat more slender and proportionally longer in comparison
to the diameter of the test than in the specimen figured by Doderlein.

DOEOCIDAEIS CALACANTHA. 11

There seems to be some variation in the coloring of the secondary spines ; in
some specimens they are yellowisli green and in other light reddish brown.

All three kinds of pedicellarioe occur in some specimens, but in others
only the ti'identate and small globiferous are present.

The large globiferous pedicellariye (PI. 3, fig. 1) are of the form found in
Cidaris, with valves .75-.80 mm. in length. The stalks have a well
developed limb (PI. 3, fig. S) and are from .80 to 1.50 mm. long. The few
examples of this sort of pedicellaria which were found were between the
primary spines on the interambulacra.

The tridentate pedicellarice (PI. 3, figs. 4-7) show much variety of
form, the valves in some being short and broad and in others long and
narrow. Many were only partially developed. The valves measure from
.65 to 1.25 mm. and the stalks vary greatly, sometimes shorter than, some-
times equal to, and sometimes twice as long as the valves. These pedi-
cellaria3 are common on the actinal portion of the interambulacra.

The small globiferous pedicellaria3 (Pi. 3, figs. S, 3) are remarkable for
their great diversity of size, some of them being longer than the large
globiferous form. The end-tooth on the valves is often wanting. The
valves are .27-.87 mm. long and the stalk is 1-3 times that length. They
are common everywhere.

This species was collected at the following stations :

Station 3719. Off Suno Saki, Sagami Bay, Japan. 83-158 fms. Bk. s.
sh. Three specimens.

Station 3751. Off Suno Saki, Sagami Bay, Japan. 140-148 fms. Gn.
m. vol. s. Two specimens,

Bathy metrical range, 83-158 fathoms.

Dorocidaris calacantha A. Ag. and Clark.
Plates 4, figs. 1-1:^; 13 ; 14 ; 34 ; 35.

The specimens collected of this species vary in diameter from 40 mm.
(Pis. 34, 35) to 12 mm. (PI. 14; figs. 5-S). The primary radioles taper
very gradually from the slight swelling above the milled ring.

The longest radioles of the largest specimen collected are 78 mm. in
length (Pis. 34, 35) ; they are delicately fluted (PI. 4, fig. 4), the ridges formed
of low serrations closely packed. The primary radioles are of a violet gray
tint, often banded with rings of a darker color than the shaft. The small

12 HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ECHINI.

primary radiolos of the actinal side (PI. 4, fig. <V) are somewhat club-shaped
and fluted at the extremity.

The secondary interambulacral spines are spathiform, shghtly grooved
on the upper surface, and dehcately fluted. Tiiey are of a yellowish gray
tint, with a greeni.sh stripe extending from the tip towards the base of the
spine. The ambulacral spines are similar to the interambulacral, only
much narrower, longer, and more slender.

In a specimen 34 mm. in diameter (Pis. 13, figs. 1,2; 14, figs. 1,2)
there are five and six interambulacral plates. In the larger plates the
scrobicular area is surrounded by a ring of large secondaries, which occupy
the whole of the plate both in the median row and along the outer edge of
the poriferous zone (PI. 14, figs. 1,2). In the smaller interambulacral plates
towards the actinal system the median zone is formed of three or four rows
of small secondaries, and larger secondaries flank the poriferous zone (PI. 13,
fig. ,?). Tlie median ambulacral zone is formed by two vertical rows of small
secondaries. The abactinal system is 17 mm. in diameter. The anal system
is pentagonal, with an outer row of larger plates inclosing two irregular rows
of smaller plates (PI. 13, fig. £?) ; when dry the anal system and the genital
plates are of a light-green color. The ocular plates are heart-shaped, with
few small secondaries; the genital plates are covered near the anal system
by a cluster of small tubercles; these carry short, sharp, flattened, minute
miliaries. The actinal system is 14 mm. in diameter, and shows twelve
narrow ambulacral plates, with a small secondary on each side of the
poriferous zone. There is only a single row of five interambulacral plates
occupying the space between the actinal ambulacral plates; on the edge of
the interambulacral plates are very minute miliaries. The central part of
the madreporic genital is riddled with tlie madreporitic openings.

In a specimen 29 mm. in diameter (Pis. 13, figs. 3,Jf; 14, figs. 3, If)
the abactinal system measures 15 mm., and the actinal 12 mm. in diameter.
There are five and five primary interambulacral tubercles. There are no
important differences in the test of this smaller specimen as compared with
that of the larger one. The principal dilYerence to be noticed is the absence
of miliaries and secondaries on the abactinal system. The genital and ocular
plates are nearly bare ; a few miliaries only are scattered on the proximal
part of the genital plates.

In the smallest specimen collected, measuring 12 mm. in diameter (PI. 14,
figs. fJ-8), the abactinal system was 7 nnn. and the actinal 6 mm. There

DOROCIDARIS CALACANTHA. 13

are no differences in the abactinal system, except those due to size, and
there are four and five jirimary tubercles. The secondaries occupy nearly
the whole of the interambulacral plates outside of the scrobiculur area.
There are only four actiual interambulacral plates.

In this smallest specimen the primary spines are stouter and less taper-
ing in proportion to the diameter of the test (PI. 14, figs. 1,5,G) than in
older specimens.

Only two kinds of pedicellaria3 occur in this species, as the large
globiferous seem to be wholly wanting.

The tridentate pedicellarige (PI. 4, fig. S) have the valves very long
and slender, and quite abruptly expanded near the base, while the nari'ow
portion is much compressed. The valves are about 1.20 mm. long, and the
stalks are of about the same length. These pedicellaria3 are found mainly
on the actinal part of the test.

The small globiferous pedicellarice (PL 4, figs. 1, 2) are like those of
lieiiii and hradeata ; the end-tooth is usually very marked. The valves are
from .20-.87 mm. long, while the stalks are one to three times as long.
They occur everywhere, but the largest ones, on the longest stalks, occur
in the scrobicular circles.

This species we have named calacantha, from the regular and graceful
shape of the primary radioles. It was collected by the " Albatross " at the
followinsc localities.

Station 3859. Pailolo Channel, off Mokuhooniki Islet. Bott. temp. GO.2^
138-140 fathoms. Fne. s. m.

Station 3863. Pailolo Channel, off Mokuhooniki Islet. Bott. temp. CO'.
127-154 fathoms. Brk. co. crs. g. r.

Station 3882. Pailolo Channel, off Mokuhooniki Islet. Bott. temp. Go. 5'.
136 fathoms. S. co. r.

Station 3885. Pailolo Channel, off Mokuhooniki Islet. Bott. temp.
64.8'. 136-148 fathoms. S. p.

Station 3886. Pailolo Channel, off Mokuhooniki Islet. Bott. temp. 65'.
148 fathoms. P. r.

Station 4045. West coast of Hawaii. Bott. temp. 49°. 147-198
fathoms. Co. s. for.

Station 4100. Pailolo Channel, off Mokuhooniki Islet. Bott. temp. 61'.
130-151 fathoms. Co. s. sh. for.

Bathymetrical range, 127-198 ftithoms. Extremes of temperature, 65'-49'.

Twenty-eight specimens.

14 HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ECHINI.

Chondrocidaris a. Ag.
Chondrocidaris gigantea A. Ag.

Chondrocidaris gigantea, A. Ag. 1803. P.ull. 1^1. C. Z., I, 2, p. IS. Eev. Ech. Tl. la.

Plate 4, figs. 1,7-19.

At tlie time a specimen of this species was first obtained from the Ha-
waiian Islands, it was separated from the other Cidarida3 as a new genu.s;
subsequently it was assigned to tlje genus Phjllacanthus. An examina-
tion of two additional specimens collected by the "Albatross" from Station
4050 off Kealakekua Light House, W. coast of Hawaii, as well as of other
Cidaridte, inclines us to revert to the first determination and to recognize
again the genus Chondrocidaris, not merely upon the nature of the pedi-
cellai'ite as has been done by Mortensen,' but also owing to the uniform
granulation of the test and of the abactinal system. This is composed of
very small tubercles of nearly uniform size, carrying minute, triangular,
miliary spinelets.

The abactinal system is circular. There is only a single ring of secondary
tubercles round the scrobicular area.

In a specimen of 83 mm. diameter there are nine and nine primary inter-
ambulacral plates. The abactinal system is 31 mm. in diameter; the
greatest width of the anal pentagon is 15 nun. ; the actinal system is 19 mm.
When dry the secondary spines are at the tip, of a dark chocolate color, and
the primary radioles ai-e of the same color from the milled ring to the base
of the tip of the radiole. The rest of the spine is of a lighter color.

The maunnary boss of the primaries is perforate, but not crenulated.

No large globiferous pedicellaria3 are present in any available specimens,
so that it lias not been possible to determine the accuracy of Mortensen's
figures.

Tlie tridentate pedicellarioe (PI. 4, figs. I'/, 17-19) have the valves very
slender and in contact for practically their entire length. They are about
1.65 mm. long, while the stalk is somewhat shorter. They are rather
infrequent, occurring chiefly between the actinal primary spines.

The small globiferous pedicellarias (Pi. 4, figs. /.?, 77. I/;) are very char-
acteristic. The valves are short and wide with a large opening, well-
defined lip and prominent end-tooth. They are only .40 nun. in length, and

1 Ingolf Echinoidea, 1903, Pt. I, p. 29.

PHYLLACANTHUS ANXULIFERA. 15

the stalk on which they are borne is even less. These pedicellariie are
abundant everywhere among the ninnerous miliary spines so characteristic
of this species.

Station 4050. Off Kealakekua Light, W. coast of Hawaii. 14-215
fathoms. Frag. cor. r. Two specimens.

PiiTLLACANTiius Brandt.
Phyllacanthus annulifera A. Ag.

Cidarites annulifera Lamarck, 181G. Anim. s. Vert. Ill, p. 57.

PhyUacanthus annulifera A. Ag. 1872. Kev. Ech. Pt. I, p. 150. de Loriol's Trois Esp.

Ech. ri. IV.

Plate 12^ figs. H, 15.

It has seemed worth while to figure the actinal primary spines of this
species to show the contrast between them and those of Slephanocidaris
bispiiiosa, with which this species appears to have often been confused.

Phyllacanthus baculosa A. Ag.

Cidarites baculosa Lamarck, 1810. Anim. s. Vert. Ill, p. .^5.
Phyllacanthus baculosa A. Ag. 1872. Kev. Ech. Pt. I, p. 150. PL If, J,-5.

Plate 12", figs. IG, 17.

The actinal primary spines of this species are also figured to emphasize
the contrast between Slephanocidaris and Phyllacanthus in this particular.

Phyllacanthus Thomasii A. Ag. and Clark.

Plates 5, figs. 1-17; 26, figs. 5-8; 27-30.

The specimens collected of this species vary in size from 70 mm. to
30 mm. In diameter. In a specimen of 70 mm., with nine and nine primary
interambulacral tubercles (Pis. 27-30), the abactinal system measures
33 mm., the anal sj^stem 18 mm., and the actinal 20 mm. in diameter.
The longest primary radiole is 101 mm.

In a specimen 40 mm. in diameter (PI. 2G, figs. .5-S), with six and seven
primary interambulacral tubercles, tlie abactinal system measures 20 mm.,
the anal 11 mm., and the actinal 20 mm. in diameter, and the longest
primary radioles, 70 mm.

16 HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ECHINI.

In a specimen 35 mm. in diameter, with six and seven primary inter-
ambulacral plates, the abactinal system measures 16 mm., the anal 10 mm.,
the actinal 17 mm.

The longest primary radiole of a specimen 30 mm. in diameter, with six
and six primary tubercles, measures 73 mm.

The primary radioles (PI. 5, fig. 7) are somewhat swollen near the base,
and taper very gradually toward the tip (Pis. 27-30). The radioles are of
a grayish pink tint faintly banded transversely with darker, alternating with
lighter, colored patches. The shaft is covered with longitudinal rows of
low, blunt serrations. The base of the shaft above the milled rino- is of a
dark chocolate color. The same coloring extends to the secondary and
miliary spines. There is but little difference in the shape and proportion
of the primary radioles in the specimens collected. The radioles of the
smaller specimens are proportionally more slender (PI. 30). The small
actinal primary radioles are fluted and somewhat club-shaped (Pis. 27, 30,
fig. l). In large specimens the general aspect of the regular secondary
and miliary tuberculation of the test (Pis. 27-30) greatly resembles that
of Chondrocidaris, though the contrast between tlie secondaries of the
sci'obicular area and of the rest of the interambulacral plates is not as
marked- as in that genus, and is perhaps more as we find it in the test
of Stereocidaris. In smaller specimens (PI. 26, figs. S-8) the tubercles
of the interambulacral plates outside of the scrobicular circles are. less
uniform in size and less regularly arranged and carry small miliary spinelets.

The median ambulacra! space is filled by two irregular vertical rows
of small secondaries (Pis. 27, 28, 29, fig. j). In smaller specimens the
median vertical rows are well separated and run close to the outer rows
of secondaries (PI. 26, fig. 8).

The abactinal system of large specimens (PI. 28) is very uniformly
covered with secondaries. These are less prominent in smaller specimens
(PI. 26, fig. .5).

The outer row of plates of the pentagonal anal system is made up of
large, irregularly shaped plates, the next and following rows of which there
are four or five, of smaller polygonal plates, which become smaller towards
the anal opening.

In the actinal system there is but a single row of narrow interambulacral
plates (PI. 26, fig. 6'). In larger specimens they are split into three or four
rows (PI. 27.)

STEPHANOCIDARIS. 17

Only the tridentate and small globiferous pedicellarifB are present in
this species, no large globiferous ones occurring in any of the numerous
specimens examined.

The tridentate pedicellaria^ (PI. 5, figs. £?, 5, 6) have the valves very
slender and generally about 1.5 mm. long; in some specimens, however,
where these pedicellaria^ are very abundant, they vary greatly in size and
sometimes the valves are only .oO or .40 mm. in length. Usually the stalks
are as long as the valves or a little longer, but often they are shorter.
These pedicellarite are generally fairly counnon around the primary spines ;
when very abundant they occur on the ambulacra also.

The small globiferous pedicellarite (PI. 5, figs, i, 3, 4) are not peculiar ;
they have rather narrow valves and a well-developed end-tooth. The
valves are from .18 to .80 nun. long, and the stalks are from one to three
times as long. These pedicellaria3 are usually abundant everywhere, but
in specimens with an exceptionally large number of tridentate pedicellaria?,
they are much less frequent and occur chiefly among the secondaries of
the scrobicular circles.

Station 3823. Off Lae-oKa Laau Light, S. coast of Molokai. Bott. temp.
69°. 78-222 fathoms. Fne. s. p.

Station 3838. Off Lae-o Ka Laau Light, S. coast of Molokai. Bott. temp.
67°. 92-212 fathoms. Fne. gr. br. s.

Station 3863. Pailolo Channel, between Molokai and Maui. Bott. temp.
61°. 127-1-34 fathoms. Brk. co. crs. a:, r.

Station 4046. Off Kawaihae Light, W. coast of Hawaii. Bott. temp.
59°. 71-147 fathoms. Co. s. for.

Station 4062. Off Kanhola Light, N. E. coast of Hawaii. 83-113
fathoms. Co. vol. s. sh. for.

Station 4096. N. E. approach to Pailolo Channel. Bott. temp. 45.3°.
272-286 fathoms. Fne. gy. s.

Bathymetrical range, 71-286 fathoms. Extremes of temperature, 69 -
45.3°. Nineteen specimens.

Stephanocidaris a. Ag.

The discovery of a cidarid among the Hawaiian Islands which shows
clearly the characters of this genus emphasized by the senior author in
1873, is interesting, for specimens of S. hiqiinom seem to be remarkably

2

18 HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ECHINI.

rare, and recent writers have been disposed to ignore the genus altogether.
This tendency h.as been increased by confusing Phyllacanfkiis annnlifera witli
S. hkplnosa, and as the former does not have a speciahy peculiar abactinal
sj'stein, it is not strange that the characteristic feature of Stephanocidaris
has been misunderstood. The Hawaiian specimens not only show clearly
the remarkable abactinal system, but enable us to call attention to another
feature of the genus, found in tlie peculiar "capping" of tlie actinal primary
radioles (PI. 12'', figs. 10-lJ), a character we have observed in no other
cidarid except AcantJmcidaris liastujcva (q. v.).

Stephanocidaris bispinosa A. Ag.

Cidarites bispinosa Lamaruk, 181G, Aniiu. s. Vert. Ill, ]). 57.
Stephanocidaris bispinosa A. Ag. 1872, Rev. Ech., Pt. I, p. 1(;0. PI. I/, 1.

Plate 12^ figs. 10, 11.

The peculiar "capping" of the actinal primary spines is a striking
character of this handsome species, and is clearly shown in the figures given.
It will also be noticed that the abactinal side of these spines is marked
with roundish white spots, and it is interesting to see that the same feature
is present to an even greater degree in the new s})ecies from Hawaii
(PI. 12"', fig. i.'). We have been unable to find any large globiferous
pedicellariaj in the single available specimen of this species, but it is safe
to say that the figure given by Mortensen^ is not that of a Stephanocidaris
pedicellaria, if, indeed, it represents the valve of a hmjc globiferous pedi-
cellaria at all ; it appears to be a large example of a ayiiall globiferous
pedicellaria of a Phyllacanthus, and probably P. annuliferu.

Stephanocidaris havraiiensis A. Ag. and Clark.
Plates 4, figs. ^0-23; 12^ figs. 12,13; 24; 25; 26, figs. 1-.',.

A large series of this species was collected by the " Albatross," varying
in size from 41 mm. to G mm. in diameter. In a specimen of 41 mm.
diameter the abactinal system measures 20 mm., the anal 11 mm., and the
actinal 18 mm., and the longest pi'imnry radioles arc S7 mm. long ; tliere are
eight and eight large interambulacral tul)er('les. In a specimen oo mm. in

1 Iiigolf Kohinoidea, !!»():!, I't. I, PI. X, ti-. 17.

STEPHANOCIDARIS HAWAIIENSIS. ■ 19

diameter, the largest radioles are 83 mm. long, with six and six primary
interambulacral tubercles. In a specimen 20 mm. in diameter with six
and six primary tubercles, the longest radiole measures 56 mm. In a
specimen 32 mm. in diameter with six and seven primary tubercles, the
abactinal system is 15 mm., the anal system 10 mm., and the actinal 13
nun. in diameter. In a specimen 31 mm. in diameter, the longest radiole
measures 73 mm. In a specimen 14 mm. in diameter with five and five
primary tubercle.s, the longest radiole is 34 mm., and the abactinal as well
as the actinal system, G mm.

In a small specimen 9 nnn. in diameter, with five and four primary
interambulacral plates, the abactinal system measures 4 mm., the anal
system 2.5 mm., and the longest radiole 16 mm.

In this small specimen the genitals are in contact at the proximal angles;
the ocular plates do not as yet separate them as they do in larger specimens
(PI. 26, fig. l) where the ocular and genital plates form a continuous ring
in contact with the distal row of large anal plates. The anal plates form
fiaur or five irregular rows of large plates diminishing in size towards the
anal opening. The primary radioles are flattened on the lower side (PL 24),
rounded above (PI. 25) ; they vary greatly in color. Most of them are
transversely banded with brick-red and yellowish or white, from the tip
of the radiole to the dark, chocolate-colored band above the milled ring.
In some young specimens the prevailing shade is yellowish-green, in place
of the red. In others again, the radioles are of a uniform brick-red color
towards the base of the spine, and are only banded near the tip. Others are
of a uniform dull brick-red, with serrations of darker color, while still others,
usually those round the abactinal system, are of a uniform dark-violet
color. Seen from the lower side the primaries, as well as the secondaries
are of a uniform, dull, light-yellowish red, the latter being somewhat darker.
The larger and longer serrations on the edge of the primary radioles
are usually white ; the serrations of the upper side are usually of a brick-
red color, somewhat darker than the color of the transverse bands. In the
smaller specimens the banding of the radioles towards the tip is very
marked.

The interambulacral secondary spines are long, slender, flattened,
and sharply pointed (Pis. 24, 25), of a dirty, greenish-brown color. The
ambulacral are more slender and pointed than the interambulacral seconda-
ries, but are of the same greenish-brown color as the median intermbulacral

20 HAWAIIAJSl A^^D OTHER PACIFIC ECHINI.

spines and are carried upon tubercles wliich might truly be called niiliaries.
The secondary tubercles form a ring of a single row round the scrobicular
area; the rest of the interambulacral plates is occupied by miliaries both in
the median interambulacral space and in the space adjoining the poriferous
zone. Tliis granulation resembles somewhat that of Chondrocidaris
f/ir/ardea. The median ambulacral space carries only very small miliaries
forming irregular, interrupted, vertical rows between the two vertical rows
of larger ambulacral secondaries.

This arrangement is only well developed in the larger specimens ; it is
only apparent in specimens as large as those figured in PI. 2G, figs. 1-J,, and
fnlly developed in larger specimens.

There is only a single vertical row of narrow, elongate actinal interam-
bulacral plates.

Besides the radical differences in color, this species may be distinguished
from *S'. hispinosa by the much longer and more slender primary radioles
and the large actinal system, which is but little, if at all, smaller than the
abactinal.

The large globiferous pedicellarite seem to be entirely wanting, and in
young individuals the tridentate are also quite infrequent.

The tridentate pedicellarite (PI. 4, figs. 32-33) have valves long and
slender, as much as 1.5 mm. in length, while the stalks are more or less
nearly equal to them. They occur chiefly on the interambulacra about the
primary spines, and are quite common in large individuals.

The small globiferous pedicellaria3 (PI. 4, figs. 30-21) are not peculiar,
but the valves have a prominent end-tooth. The valves are about .50 mm.
in length and are borne on stalks from one to six times as long. These pedi-
cellariifi are common, especially on the abactinal system of the young and
the interambulacra of the adults.

This species was collected by the " Albatross " at the following localities.

Station 3845. Off Lae-o Ka Laau Light, S. coast of Molokai. Bott.
temp. 71°. 60-64 fathoms. Crs. s. p. sh.

Station 3846. Off Lae-o Ka Laau Light, S. coast of Molokai. Bott. temp.
71.5°. GO-64 fathoms. Crs. br. s. sh. g.

Station 3849. Off Lae-o Ka Laau Light, S. coast of Molokai. Bott. temp.
67.6°. 43-73 fathoms. Crs. s. br. sh. co.

Station 3861. Pailolo Channel and N. E. approach. 30-52 fathoms. Fne.
s. sm. p. CO.

STEPHAlSrOCIDARIS HAWAIIENSIS. 21

Station 3863. Pailolo Channel and N. E. approach. Bott. temp. 61."
127-154 fathoms. Brk. co. crs. a^. r.

Station 3872. Aiiau Channel between Maui and Lanai. Bott. temp.
74.6°. 32-43 fathoms. Yl. s. p. co.

Station 3876. Auau Channel between Maui and Lanai. Bott. temp.
74\ 28-43 fathoms. S. g.

Station 3906. Oif Mokapu Islet, N. coast of Molokai. Bott. temp. 72".
66-96 fathoms. Gy. s. sh. p.

Station 3936. Vicinity of Lajsan. Bott. temp. 68'. 79-130 fathoms.
Sml. brk. sh. corln.

Station 3955. Vicinity of Laysan. Bott. temp. 74". 20-30 fathoms.
Co. r. alsr.

Station 3987. Vicinity of Kauai. Bott. temp. 73 . 50-55 fathoms.
Crs. CO. s. CO. fracr.

Station 3991. Vicinity of Kauai. Bott. temp. 43.7". 272-296 flithoms.
Fne. s. r.

Station 4027. Vicinity of Kauai. Bott. temp. 42.8°. 319 fathoms.
Fne. gy. s. r.

Station 4046. W. coast of Hawaii. Bott. temp. 59°. 71-147 fathoms.
Co. s. for.

Station 4054. N. E. coast of Hawaii. 26-50 fathoms. Crs. co. s. corln.

Station 4057. N. E. coast of Hawaii. 75-77 fathoms. Fne. gy. s. sh.

Station 4064. N. E. coast of Hawaii. Bott. temp. 69°. 63-107 fathoms.
Vol. s. for. CO.

Station 4066. Between Maui and Hawaii. Bott. temp. 52.5°. 49-176
fathoms. Rky.

Station 4073. N. E. and N. coast of Maui. Bott. temp. 71.9°. 69-78
fathoms. Crs. co. s. for.

Station 4077. N. E. and N. coast of Maui. Bott. temp. 70°. 99-106
fathoms. Fne. co. s. for.

Station 4128. Vicinity of Kauai. Bott. temp. 47.8°. 68-253 fathoms.
Crs. br. CO. s. for.

Station 4160. Vicinity of Modu Manu. Bott. temp. 78°. 31-39 fathoms.
Co. corln.

Station 4161. Vicinity of Modu Manu. Bott. temp. 77.9°. 39-183
fathoms. Co. corln.

Bathymetrical range, 20-319 fms. Exti'emes of temperature, 78°-42.8°.

One hundred and five specimens.

22 HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ECHINI.

Stereocidaris Pomel.
Stereocidaris grandis Dod.

stereocidaris grandis Dud., 1887. Jap. Seeigel, p. 3. I'ls. I; II, figs. 1-11 ; VIII, fig. 2.

Plates 5, figs. 18-JO ; 33 and 36.

The " Albatross " collected Slereocidaris grandis both in Japan and in the
Hawaiian Islands. In the Japanese specimens the 2:)riinary radioles are
more slender and comparatively longer than in the Hawaiian specimens,
and are slightly pointed. The lateral serrations of the flattened aetinal
primary radioles are also marked in some cases, while in tlie Hawaiian
specimens the aetinal radioles are cylindrical and blunt.

A note by the collector with the specimens from Station 4044 states that
" the test is pale olive gray, the long spines a still paler muddy gray and
the secondary spines at the base of the primary radioles pale green." The
specimens collected vary from 8 nun. to 39 nun. in diameter. All of the
different kinds of jjedicellaria? are present in this species and quite conunon.

The large globiferous pedicellaria3 (PI. 5, fig. is) have the valves short
and stout with a large opening and no end-tooth; they measure about
.75 mm. in length, while the stalks are usually shorter and have no limb.
These pedicellarias are frequent on the interambulacra and are often found
singly at the inner angles of the coronal plates.

The tridentate pedicellaria3 (PI. 5, fig. 20) generally have the valves un-
usually broad and widely separated at the base, only meeting near the ti[);
sometimes, however, they are narrow and compressed and only slightly
separated near the base. The valves are about 1.25 nun. in length, while
the stalk is somewhat shorter. They are found almost wholly on the ae-
tinal side of the te.st.

The small globiferous pedicellariie (PI. 5, fig. 10) are much like the large
ones, but the margins are straighter. The valves are only about .40 nuu.
in length while the stalk is from one to three times as long. They are
abundant everywhere.

This species was taken at the followiug localities.

Station 3749. Off Suno Saki, Sagami Bay, Japan. 83-158 fathoms.
Bk. s. sh.

Station 3831. Off Lae-o Ka Laau Light, S. coast of Molokai. Bott.
temp. 45.1°. 178-201 fathoms. Br. m, co, s. r. co.

STEREOCIDAEIS LEUCACANTHA. 23

Station 3919. Off Diamond Head, Oaliu. Bott. temp. 45.6'. 220-257
fathoms. Gy. s.

Station 4044. Off Kawaihae Liglit, "W. coast of Hawaii. Bott. temp.
47'. 198-233 fathoms. Fne. gy. s.

Station 4096. Off Mokuhooniki Islet, approach to Puilolo Cliannel. Bott.
temp. 45.3'. 272-286 fathoms. Fne. gy. s.

Bathymetrical range, 83-286 fixthoms. Extremes of temperature,
47-45.1°. Fifteen specimens.

Stereocidaris leucacantha A. Ag. and Clark.
Plates 6 ; 15 ; 32.

The specimens collected vary in diameter from 52 mm. (PI. 32, figs.
l-Il) to 26 mm. They are notable for their long, slender primary radioles.
In a specimen measuring 28 mm. in diameter, the longest radioles are
67 mm. In a larger specimen, 37 mm. in diameter, the longest radioles
measure 87 mm.; they vary in color from light violet-gray to white,
with the band above the milled ring more or less distinctly purple. This
species is closely allied to »S'. rjrmdh, but the radioles (PI. 6, fig. ,v) differ
from those of that species in being more slender and more cylindrical
(Pis. 15, figs. 1, 2 ; 32, figs. 5, G). The fluted extremity often expands
somewhat.

The serrations of the radioles of leucacantha are smaller and less distinct
than those of c/randk. The secondary spines both in the ambulacral and
interambulacral areas are shorter and smaller than those of (jranJls. The
granulation of the abactinal system and of the test is much closer and
smaller in this species than in f/rmdis. (Compare Pis. 15 and 32 with
Pis. 33 and 36). The plates on the angles of the anal pentagon are much
larger than the corresponding plates of grandis. With increasing size the
ocular plates become more elongate (compare fig. J, PI. 32, with fig. 1, PI. 32).
The large specimen figured on PI. 32, figs, i-^ shows an extraordinary
splitting of the upper interambulacral plate (PI. 32, fig. 1) so that the
abactinal circle of interambulacral plates consists of fifteen plates instead
of ten, a structure we have not noticed in any other Cidarid. In another
specimen, from Station 3992, the abactinal edges of the plates which are split
have been pushed out by the genital and ocular plates, forming a steep wall
round the abactinal system, whicli thus bulges as much as 10 mm. well up

24 HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ECHINI.

beyond the general outline of the test. This specimen measures 40 mm.
in diameter, the abactinal system 27, showing a proportionally far larger
abactinal system than in the smaller specimens measured.

The median ambulacral zone consists of two outer vertical series of large
secondaries with irregularly arranged miliaries, forming two or three indis-
tinct vertical rows. In grandis, there is only one irregular median vertical
row of miliaries.

In a specimen measuring 52 mm. in diameter (PI. 32, fig. i) there are
six and six interambulacral plates; the abactinal system measures 2.j mm.;
the genital plates are more rectangular than those of grandis ; the actinal
system measures 18 mm.

In a specimen of 38 mm. there are five and five interambulacral plates;
the abactinal system measures 19 mm. and the actinal system 18 ram.

In a smaller specimen, 31 mm. in diameter (PI. 32, figs. G, 6) the abacti-
nal system measures 15 mm. and the actinal 12 mm. There are five and
five interambulacral plates.

These measurements clearly show that the proportionate increase in
height of the test is mainly due to the greater vertical height of the
abactinal interambulacral plates in larger specimens than in the smaller
ones.

All of the diflFerent kinds of pedicellaria) occur in considerable numbers
and very closely resemble those of^ grandis.

The large globiferous pedicellaria? (PI. 6, figs. 3 and fl) are a trifle smaller
than m fjrandls and usually have the stalk shorter, but these differences
are not at all constant. These pedicellaria? occur on the abactinal surface,
but usually not within the abactinal system.

The tridentate pedicellariae (PI. 6, figs. 1, 2, and r,) are smaller than in
grandis, the valves usually under a millimeter in length, and the stalks still
less. They ai'e almost wholly actinal.

The small globiferous pedicellariaj (PI. 6, fig. Jf) are usually only about
.25 mm. long, though the stalk may be three times that. They are abun-
dant everywhere.

This species was collected by the " Albatross " at the following localities.

Station 3828. Off Lae-o Ka Laau Light, Molokai. Bott. temp. 43.8°.
281-319 fathoms. Brk. sh. g.

Station 3835. Off Lae-o Ka Laau Light, Molokai. Bott. temp. 55°.
169-182 fathoms. Fne. br. s. m.

STEREOCIDARIS LEUCACANTHA. 25

Station 3839. Off Lae-o Ka Laau Light, Molokai. Bott. temp. 46.3°.
259-266 fathoms. Lt. br. m. s.

Station 3865. Off Mokuhooniki Islet, N. E. approach Pailolo Channel.
Bott. temp. 45°. 256-283 fathoms. Fne. vol. s. r.

Station 3866. Off Mokuhooniki Lslet, N. E. approach Pailolo Channel.
Bott. temp. 43.8°. 283-284 fathoms. Gy. m. fne. s.

Station 3867. Off Mokuhooniki Islet, N. E. approach Pailolo Channel.
Bott. temp. 44°. 284-290 fathoms. Fne. s. m.

Station 3893. Off Lae-o Ka Laau Liglit, Kaiwi Channel. Bott. temp. 47°.
220-346 fathoms. Fne. wh. s. r.

Station 3909. Off Diamond Head, Oahu. Bott. temp. 43.5°. 308-322
fathoms. Fne. wh. s. m.

Station 3912. Off Diamond Head, Oahu. Bott. temp. 43°. 310-334
fathoms. Fne. gy. s. ni.

Station 3917. Off Diamond Head, Oahu. Bott. temp. 44°. 294-330
fathoms. Gy. s. m.

Station 3918. Off Diamond Head, Oahu. Bott. temp. 44.5°. 257-294
fathoms. Wh. s. m.

Station 3992. Off Mokuaeae Islet, Kauai. Bott. temp. 39.6°. 528
fathoms. Fne. gy. s. m.

Station 4096. Off Mokuhooniki Islet, N. E. approach to Pailolo Channel.
Bott. temp. 45.3°. 272-286 fathoms. Fne. gy. s.

Station 4097. Off Mokuhooniki Islet, N. E. approach to Pailolo Channel.
Bott. temp. 44.2°. 286 fathoms. Fne. gy. s.

Station 4116. Off Kahuku Pt., N. W. coast of Oahu. Bott. temp. 48.8°.
241-282 fathoms. Cor. s. for.

Station 4117. Off Kahuku Ft., N. W. coast of Oahu. Bott. temp. 45.6°.
253-282 fathoms. Cor. s. for.

Bathymetrical range, 169-528 fms. Extremes of temperature, 55°-39.6°.

Forty-one specimens.

26 HAWAIIxVN AND OTHER PACIFIC ECHINI.

GONIOCIDARIS Des.

Goniocidaris biserialis Dod.

Stephanocidaris biserialis Doil., 1885. Arch. f. Naturg. 51 Jahrg. T?d. I, p. 79.
Goniocidaris biserialis Dod., 1887. Jap. Seeigel, p. 10. Hs. V and VIII, tig. 8.

Plate 10, figs. 22-25.

Specimens of G. biserialis Doderlein from 17 to 30 mm. in diameter were
collected at the stations given below. They agree well with the figures given
by Doderlein on Plate V of his Memoir. There are no tridentate pedicel-
larire to be found, but both sorts of globiferous pedicellarioe occur.

Tlie large globiferous pedicellariaj (PI. 10, figs. 22, 23) are short and
broad, with a large terminal opening much as in Cidaris. The valves are
somewhat curved and are about .55 mm. in lensxth, wliile the stalk is even
shorter. These pedicellariaj are found only on the interambulacra and are
rather rare.

The small globiferous pedicellariiB (PI. 10, figs. 2^, 25) have the valves
straighter, narrower, and with an evident end-tooth, and only .27-45 mm.
in length. The stalk may be shorter or longer, sometimes twice as long.
These pedicellarioe are abundant everywhere.

Station 3700. Off Seno Umi, Suruga Gulf, Japan. 03 fathoms. Vol. m. s.

Station 3707. Off Ose Zaki, Suruga Gulf, Japan. 63-75 fathoms.
Vol. s. a. g.

Station 3718. Off Ose Zaki, Suruga Gulf, Japan. 65 fathoms. Vol.
s. sh. r.

Bathymetrical range, 63-75 fathoms. Seven specimens.

Goniocidaris clypeata Dod.

Goniocidaris clypeata Dod., 1885. Arch. f. Naturg. 51 Jahrg. Bd. I, p. 82 ; 1887,
Jap. Seeigel, p. 13. Pis. VI and VIII, fig. 7.

Plate 10, figs. 27-31.
A number of specimens of this species were collected by the "Albatross"
in Japan at the stations given below. They range in size from 6 mm. in
diameter to 18 mm. Three of the larger specimens showed the large disks
figured by Doderlein at the extremity of the primary abactinal spines. The
test is much flattened in young specimens, gradually increasing in heiglit
with age. The number of primary interambulacral plates is proportionately

GONIOCIDARIS CLYPEATA. 27

larger in young specimens tlian in other GoniocidaridiB. In a specimen 13
mm. in diameter there are seven and seven plates ; in a specimen of 18 mm.
tliere are only seven and eight jilates. In a specimen only 8 mm. in diameter
there are already five and five plates. With the exception of the variation
in the radioles and the absence of the cup-bearing radioles, there are but
slight differences to be noted in the structure of the test, the siml^en median
ambulacral and interambulacral areas, the shape of the abactinal system and
of the anal system, between the smaller and larger specimens examined.
The smaller specimens usually carry only the serrated radioles. Usually a
specimen 12 mm. in diameter carries a few disk-bearing radioles; though in
the largest specimens collected all the radioles, actinal as well as abactinal,
belong to the serrated type.

The series of specimens befoi-e us leaves little doubt that Dtiderlein's
Porocidaris gracilis ' was based on a young specimen of this species, in whicli
the expanded radioles were not developed.

There are only two kinds of pedicellaria3 present in dijpcata, as the
tridentate seem to be wholly wanting.

The large globiferous pedicellarioe (PL 10, figs. 37-20) show considerable
diversity in the shape of the valves; normally (PI. 10, fig. 29) they are like
those of G. hiscriaUs but sometimes they are much longer and narrower, with
a large terminal opening (PI. 10, fig. 28) or still narrower, slightly curved
and with an end-tooth (PL 10, fig. „'?). They measure from .50 to .90 mm.
with the stalk somewhat shorter. These pedicellariaj are somewhat rare
and occur only on the interambulacra.

Tlie small globiferous pedicellaria? have a strong end-tooth on the valves;
sometimes (PL 10, fig. SO) they are like those of G. mikado, while others
(PL 10, fig. 2,1) are like those of biscriuUs. The valves are .25-. 50 nnn. in
length, while the stalks are shorter, longer, or twice as long. They are
abundant everywhere.

Station 3748. Off Suno Saki, Sagami Bay, Japan. 73-200 fathoms.
Yl. s. rot. CO.

Station 3719. Off' Suno Saki, Sagami Bay, Japan. 83-158 fathoms.
Bl. s. sh.

Station 3751. Off Suno Saki, Sagami Bay, Japan. 140-148 fathoms.
Gn. m. vol. s.

' Dorocidaris (?) gracilis, 188."i. Arch. f. Naturg. 51 .Tahrg. Bd. 1, p. 78.
Porocidaris gracilis, 1887. Jap. Sceigel, p. 8. Pis. IV, figs. 8-L'O; VIII, fig. 5.

28 HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ECHINI.

Station 3752. Off Suno Saki, Sagami Bay, Japan. 54-100 fixthoms.
Gy. s. g.

Bathymetrical range, 54-200 fathoms. Fifteen specimens.

Goniocidaris mikado Dod.

Discocidaris (Cidaris) mikado Dod., 1885. Arch. f. Naturg., 51 Jalirg., T?d. I, p. 80.
Goniocidaris mikado Dod., 1887. Jap. Seeigel, p. 15. Pis. VII aud VIII, iigs. 6 aud 9-18.

Plate 10, fig. 26.

Two specimens of this species were collected by the " Albatross " in
Sagami Bay. As has been stated by Duderlein, it is one of the most beautiful
and elegant of the Cidaridae, and the peculiar structure of its primary
ambulacral spines is without parallel in the family. The remarkable cupuli-
form expansion of the shaft occurs immediately above the milled ring, while
in G. tubaria the great expansion of the shaft takes place at its extremity ;
in G. mikado, moreover, there are rudimentary cupular expansions along the
shaft, often merely flattened serrations. The distal part of the shaft carries
smaller serrations. Doderlein has given a number of figures showing the
great variation found among the primary radioles of this species in Pis. VII
and VIII of his Memoir on Japanese Sea Urchins, though even the best
lithographic figures can scarcely do ju.stice to the great delicacy of the
structure of the primary radioles.

This species is notable for the absence of both large globiferous and tri-
dentate pedicellarige. The small globiferous ])edicellarioe (PI. 10, fig. 26)
have a very large end-tooth with the opening some distance beneath it.
The valves are very small, only .20-.30 mm. in length, while the stalk is oven
shorter. They occur abundantly everywhere on the test.

Station 3755. Off Siuio Saki, Sagami Bay, Japan. 52-77 fathoms.
Gy. s. CO.

Station 3759. Off Suno Saki, Sagami Bay, Japan. 52-60 fathoms.
Gy. s. fne. g. brk. sh. r.

CENTKOCIDAEIS DOEDERLEINI. 29

Centrocidaeis a. Ag.
Centrocidaris Doederleini A. Ag.

Goniocidaris Doederleini, A. Ag., 1898. Bull. ]M. C. Z., XXXII, 5, p. 73, PI. III. fig. 1.
Centrocidaris Doederleini, A. Ag., 1904. Mem. iM. C. Z., XXXI, p. 33, Pis. 5, 14, tigs. 1-2.

Plates 10, fig,s. 1-9 ; 12", figs. 7-9.

In this species there are at least four very distinct sorts of pedicellarijB
Ijrosent, of which two may be regarded as large globiferous pedicellaria;.

The normal large globiferous pedicellariaj (PL 12", fig. 7) are of great
interest because they are intermediate in character between those which
Mortensen considers characteristic of Ckluris, and those which he assigns to
Dorocidaris ; thus they are curved and have a large, nearly terminal opening
as in the former, but have a powerful end-tooth as in the latter. The valves
are about .70 mm. long, and the stalks are about the same length or a little
longer. These pedicellarite are found on the abactinal surface, but are not
very common. In addition to them, peculiar large pedicellaria^ (PI. 12"
fig. S) with flat, wide valves, having an inner cavity and a terminal opening,
but no end-tooth and no lip, also occur ; the valves are about .52 mm. long
and nearly .20 wide ; these pedicellaria^ are found on the actinal surface,
especially on the actinostome.

The tridentate pedicellarise (PI. 12", fig. 9) have the valves long (1.15 mm.)
and slender, considerably separated at the base. They are fouiul mainly on
the abactinal surface and appear to be very rare.

The small globiferous pedicellarire (PI. 10, figs. 1, .>) are not peculiar, but
have an end-tooth as in Cidaris. The valves are from .19 to .75 mm. in length
and their stalks, one or two times as long. They occur everywhere, but are
not very common.

This hand.some and very interesting species was collected by the '• Alhii
tross" during her trip to the Eastern Pacific, in 1904, at the following
stations.

Station 4642. Off southern side of Hood Island, Galapagos. Lat. 1 30.5'
S.; Long. 89' 35' W. Bott. temp. 48.6°. 300 fathoms. Brk. sh. glob.

Station 4643. Off southern side of Hood Island, Galapagos. lat.
1° 28.7' S.; Long. 89' 48.5' W. Bott. temp. 67.2 . 100 fathoms. Brk. sh. glob.

Bathyrnetrical range, 100-300 fathoms. Extremes of temperature,
67.2°-47.6°. Twelve specimens.

30 HAWAIIAN AXD OTHER rACIFIC ECHINI.

Anomocidaris A. Ag. ami Clark.

Tliiis genus is established for a specimen we take to be Cidari.'^ /emnsjniia
Yosliiwara' (PI. ol, figs. J-,v). It can at once be distinguislied from all
other Cidaridte by the sliarp, deep sutures separating the plates of the abac-
tinal system, and of the interambulacral areas, and the deep median vertical
suture of the ambulacral area. Towards the actinal system the sutures tend
to imitate, at the angles of both the ambulacral and interambulacral plates,
those of some species of Goniocidaris. When seen from above the general
aspect of the test resembles somewhat that of the ArbaciadiB, the upper inter-
ambulacral plates having no well developed primary tubercles, much as in
Coelopleurus, and among the CidaridEe in Diplocidaris and to a lesser degree,
in some species of Stereocidaris. The primary tubercles begin onlv at the
equatorial zone and extend from there to the actinal system. The primary
radioles (Plate 12, fig. Ifi) resemble a combination of those of Dorocidaris and
of Porocidaris. Anomocidaris is notable for its conical test and the presence
of rudimentary abactiual primary tubercles.

Anomocidaris tenuispina A. Ag. ami Clark.

Cidaris (Stereocidaris) tenuispina Yosliiwara, 1S'.)8. Aiinot. Zool. Jap., II, p. .'')7.
Plates 11, figs. 6-12; 12, figs. J 8-30 ; 31, figs. o-S.

The only specimen of this species collected measures 29 mm. in diameter;
the abactinal system is circular, 14 mm. in diameter, the actinal system is
pentagonal and 10 nun. across.

The genital plates are large, irregularly heptagonal. The anal system
is sharply pentagouid, included by the genital plates. The genital pores are
large ; the ocular plates are small, elongated triangular, deeply cut into by
the ambulacral system ; the ocular pores are prominent; the whole abactinal
system is covered with irregularly arranged, distant, small secondaries and
interspersed miliaries. A similar granulation extends over the interam-
bulacral j^lf^tes above the equatorial belt and surrounds an ill-defined
scrobicular area with a rudimentary low, imperforate tubercle. Jkdow
the equatorial belt, there are five or six ])rimary tubercles, usually two
large ones at the ambitus, gradually diniiuishing in size. Tlie scrobicular
areas are well defined, somewhat sunken, edged by a large ring of

1 Amiot. Znul. .lap. ls:iS, \'.il. II, p. .')".

POROCIDAKIS COBOSI. 31

secondaries ; these with the scrobicuhir area occupy nearly the Avhole of
each interambulacral phxte ; along the median interainbulacral line, some
of the larger scrobicular areas below the equatorial belt are flanked by
half-circles of secondaries and irregular rows of minute miliaries. On
the interambulacral plates below the equatorial belt, the mammary boss is
high, the tubercles are small and perforate. On botli sides of the sharply
cut median line of suture of the ambulacral plates runs a vertical line of
secondaries with an inner row of irregularly placed miliaries. Unfortunately
the actinal system is wanting; it is pentagonal and 10 mm. in greatest
width.

The primary radicles (PI. 12, fig. 10) are slender, gradually tapering,
with lines of blunt serrations. The shorter primary radioles are slightly
flattened at the extremity and indistinctly fluted. The longest equatorial
radiole is 37 mm. in length. Others of the shorter radioles taper rapidly
to a point above the equatorial belt. The secondary and miliary spines are
slender and pointed ; a few of the secondaries round the scrobicular areas
are stouter at the base. The larger interambulacral spines round the scro-
bicular areas on the equatorial and actinal side are narrow and flattened,
with rounded tips. The ambulacral spines are blunt, somewhat cylindrical
or flattened. Only a single kind of pedicellaria is found, as the tridentate
and large globiferous are both wanting. The small globiferous ones are
very numerous everywhere and very variable in size and form. The valves
are elongated and rather slender, and the lip and end-tooth may both be
present, or either or both be wanting. In length they range from .28 to
.91 mm., while the opening varies in size from .15 to .32 of the length.
The stalk is shorter than the valves, or as long, or even twice as long.

Station 3709. Oft" Spithead, Shimizu Harbor, Honshu Island, Japan.
173-260 flithoms. Sft. bl. vol. m. r.

PoROCiDARis Desor.
Porocidaris Cobosi A. Ag.

Porocidaris Cobosi A. Ag. 1898. Bull. M. C. Z., XXXII, 5, p. 74. PI. Ill, tigs. 2-5.

Plate 7.

Only tridentate pedicellariaB are present in tliis beautiful species, even
the small globiferous pedicellarias being entirely wanting.

32 HAWAIIAN AND OTHEE PACIFIC ECHINI.

The tridentate pedicellaria^ have the valves very broad, thick, and
flat. They vary enormously in size, ranging from .50 to 5.5 mm. in
length ; the small ones liave the stalk about equal to the valves, but in
the large ones it is much less. The small ones are abundant everywhere;
the larger ones are on the interambulacra, while the largest are mainly
above the ambitus and often near the abactinal system. The largest are
20 to 30 in number, more or less, though they may be much fewer ; their
valves are always tapering and more or less distinctly pointed.

Porocidaris variabilis A. Ag. and Clark.

Plates 8, lG-22, and 23, figs. l-J,.

An excellent series of specimens of this species was collected by the
"Albatross" from thirteen localities, in 202 to 34G fathoms, varying in size
from 77 mm. in diameter to 22 nnn. (Pis. 16-22; 23, figs. l-!i). In the
smaller specimens the primary radioles are much longer in proportion to
the diameter than in larger specimens. In the small specimen (Plate
22) of 22 mm. there are several of the primary radioles more tlian 76 nmi.
in length. In a specimen 35 mm. in diameter, the longest radioles are
122 mm. long (Pis. 20, 21). In a specimen -40 mm. in diameter (PI. 23,
figs. 1-Jf) the longest radioles are only 71 mm. long. In the largest
specimen examined (Pis. 10, 17) the longest radioles have a length of only
71 mm. The general appearance of the large primary radioles varies
greatly (PI. 8, figs. 12- iO) ; in the smaller specimens the majority are
pointed, the shaft is very delicately striated with minute serrations. The
shaft is a porcelain white, but towards the extremity it becomes yellowish-
brown, slightly fluted. The base of the spine above the milled ring is a
delicate salmon color. In older specimens there are but few white primary
radioles. The shaft of the radioles is of a light-brown color with only a
small part white ; the base of the spine is of a darker color. The shaft
of the radioles is also more deeply fluted, the serrations larger and more
blunt than in smaller specimens. The fluting becomes very marked and
quite deep towards the tip of the radioles, and many of the shorter and
stouter primary radioles spread somewhat at the tip (Pis. 16, 17; 23, figs.
1-Jf). The actinal primary radioles (PI. 8, figs. 10 and 20) are short, sligliLly
curved, deeply fluted, with large blunt serrations; the smaller radioles are
flattened; the lower part of the shaft of the larger radioles is porcelain

POROCIDAKIS VAEIABILIS. 33

white, in marked contrast to the dark-brown color of the base of the
radiole above the milled ring and with the brown of the heavilv fluted tip
of the radiole. The large radicles are frequenth" infesled with numerous
specimens of a small species of Scalpellum (Pis. 16-21). The secondary
spines (Pi. 8, figs. 31-J4) are slender, pointed, flattened or rounded or
slightly dished, and finely fluted.

Seen from above (Pis. 17, 21) the test is a dark violet or chocolate-
brown ; the abactinal system is the darkest and towards the equatorial
region of the test the color of the ambulacral and interambulacral spines
becomes somewhat lighter, of a greenish tinge at the tip. From these stand
out prominently the yellowish or brownish or whitish primary .spines.

The specimens figured on PI. 23, figs. 7-.; and on PI. 22 are of a much
lighter color. In the specimen of PI. 22 the ambulacral and interambulacral
spines are of a light yellowish-brown color, and those of the specimen fig-
ured on PI. 23, figs. 1-4 are of a still lighter color. On the whole, judging
from the specimens at our disposal, the color increases in depth with size.

In a specimen 72 mm. in diameter (Pis. 18, 19) and 50 mm. in lieight,
there are eight and nine interambulacral plates. The primary tubercles are
perforate, but irregularly crenulated (PI. 10). The scrobicular area is sur-
rounded with .secondaries only slightly larger than those of the median
interambulacral space and filling the angles of the interambulacral plates
next to the poriferous zone (PI. 19, fig. 2). The .scrobicular areas below
the equatorial zone are slightly confluent. The median ambulacral zone is
slightly broader than the poriferous zone. It is undulating, separated from
the poriferous zone by an outer vertical row of secondaries, the median
belt carrj-ing miliaries forming irregular vertical rows. The inner row of
pores is somewhat larger than the outer row (PI. 19, fig. 1). The abactinal
system (PI. 18, fig. ,.') is circular, 31 mm. in diameter. The madreporic
genital is far larger than the others ; they all are irregularly heptagonal ;
the ocular plates are smail, heart-shaped, and are all excluded from the
anal system. The anal system is sharply pentagonal, with a large outer
row of anal plates; there is a second row of smaller plates adjoining the
irregularly arranged minute plates which surround the anal opening. The
miliaries on the genital plates are limited in their distribution ; they are
small, comparativeh' few in number, and irregularly arranged round the
genital pores. On the oculars they occur on the median belt of the plate,
y The larger anal plates carry from one to three secondaries, with a few

34 HAWAIIAN AND OTHEE PACIFIC ECHINI.

miliaries on the plates forming the angles of the pentagonal anal system.
Tlie proximal part of the madreporic genital is riddled with pores. The
genital openings arc large (a female PI. 18, fig. /) and placed near the
distal edge of tlie genital plates. The actinal s\-stem (PI. IS, fig. ;?) is pen-
tagonal, 2-") mm. in diameter, with eight rows of ambulacral plates, and not
more than four or five small interambulacral plates. The latter are bare
or carry one indistinct miliary. The ambulacral plates carry minute secon-
daries on the actinal edge of the plates.

In a specimen 36 mm. in diameter (PI. 23, figs, l-j^) and 20 mm. in
height, there are six and seven interambulacral plates. The abactinal
system is circular, IG nun. in diauieter (PI. 23, fig. l); it differs only in si/e
from the structure of the abactinal system of the larger specimen described
(PL 18, fig. y), and being that of a male it has suiall genital openings.
A comparison of the interambulacral plates of the s[)eciuiens figured on
Plate 18 with those of PI. 23, figs J, ,^, shows that the ecjuatorial increase
of the test takes place more rapidly than the increase in width of the
median interambulacral zone covered by secondaries and miliaries. In
the smaller specimen there is only one circle of secondaries round the
scrobicular area, with a few irregularly arranged large miliaries filling the
angles of the interand)ulacral plates along the median line. The actinal
system is pentagonal (PI. 23, fig. 2) 1-1 mm. in <liameter. There are but
five rows of andtulacral plates with three or four ssmall elongated plates in
the suiall interamlndacnd space, four of the rows of ambulacral plates being
in contact alont^ the iuterandjulacral line, and leaving but a small auiile for
the interandjulacral actinal plates.

In the specimen 22 mm. in diameter and 14 nun. in height, there are
six interambulacral plates. In the smallest specimen, 4.5 nun. in diameter
and 3 mm. in height, there are already four and five interambulacral plates.
The longest primary radiole is 14 nnn. The secondaries are few in number
and are more or less cylindrical or club-shaped. The abactinal system
is very large, 2.5 mm. in diameter, and each genital plate carries a con-
spicuous perforate tubercle. The actiuostome is less than 2 mm. in diauu'ter
and is jjractically covered by the ten buccal plates, a pair in each am-
bulacrum. The pedicellariiB are already- conspicuous, and, like the priiuary
radioles, are strikingly similar to those of the adult. In specimens of /'.
C<ib(j^i slightly larger, the structure of the abactinal system is very similar
to that of this young individual.

POEOCIDARIS VARIABILIS. 35

The general aspect of P. variahilis (PL 17) is much like tliat of P. Sharrcri
(PI. 3, " Bhike " Echini, Mem. M. C. Z., X, No. 1). It differs from P. Slunren
in having the genital plates united as in P. Cohosi (Panamic Deep Sea Echini,
PI. 11, figs. 5, G), while they are separated by the anal plates in P. SharnTi
(PI. 4, fig. ;? "Blake " Echini). In the latter the secondary tubercles round
the scrobicular circle are larger and the secondaries and miliaries are arranged
in rows parallel to the horizontal suture of the median interambulacral zone
(PI. 4, fig. 1 " Blake "" Echini), while they are of more uniform size and more
irregularly arranged in P. variabiUs (PI. 19).

The general aspect of the smaller specimens of P. variaLUis (PI. 22) is
more like that of P. elv(jans ("Challenger" Echini, PI. 3, fig. 1). It is
difficult to determine to just how great an extent variabilis differs from
Yoshiwara's P. misakiensis, but if we may rely on de Meijere's ' figures of
the latter, variabilis has a much smaller abactiual system, and smoother and
more slender primaries.

Although this species resembles Cuhosi in the entire absence of globiferous
pedicellariaB, the tridentate show some peculiarities. They are very vari-
able (PL 8, figs. 1-11), occasionally having only two valves, sometimes four.
The valves are broader and less tapering than in Cobosi, and the tip is
rounded or little pointed. They vary in lengtli from .50 up to 4.00 nun.
and the stalk is always shorter, sometimes only half as long. The largest
occur actinally as well as above the ambitus, but are often present in
numbers on the abactinal system.

Specimens of PorociJaris variabilis were collected at the following stations :

Station 3865. Off Mokuhooniki Islet, Pailolo Channel. Bott. temp.
44.8-45'. 256-283 fathoms. Fne. vol. s. r.

Station 3866. Off Mokuhooniki Islet, Pailolo Channel. Bott. temp.
43.8'. 283-284 fathoms. Gy. m. fne. s.

Station 3883. Off Mokuhooniki Islet, Pailolo Channel. Bott. temp.
45.2\ 277-284 fathoms. Glob. oz.

Station 3893. Off Lae-o Ka Laau Light, Kaiwi Channel. Bott. temp.
47°. 220-346 fathoms. Fne. wh. s. r.

Station 3918. Off Diamond Head, Oahu. Bott. temp. 44.5". 257-294
fathoms. V7h. s. m.

Station 4081. Off Puniawa Point, Maui. Bott. temp. bl.T. 202-220
fathoms. Gy. s. for.

1 Die EchiiioiJea der Siboga-Expeditiou, IHOl. PI. 11, figs. !.'>, IG.

36 HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ECHINI.

Station 4083. Off Puniawa Point, Maui. 238-253 fathoms. Gy. s.

Station 4085. Off Pmiiawa Point, Maui. 207-283 fathoms. S. sh.

Station 4090. Off Molcuhooniki Islet, N. E. approach Pailolo Channel.
Bott. temp. 43.8'. 304-308 fathoms. Fne. gy. s.

Station 409G. Off Mokuhooniki Islet, N. E. approach Pailolo Channel.
Bott. temp. 45.3'. 272-2S6 fathoms. Fne. gj. s.

Station 4097. Off Mokuhooniki Islet, N. E. approach Pailolo Channel.
Bott. temp. 44.2'. 28G fathoms. Fne. gy. s.

Station 411(3. Olf Kahuku Point, N. W. coast of Oahu. Bott. temp.
48.8". 241-282 ftithoms. Cor. s. for.

Station 4117. Off Kahuku Point, N. W. coast of Oahu. Bott. temp. 45.C°.
253-282 fathoms. Cor. s. for.

Bathymctrical raiige, 202-34C fathoms. Extremes of temperature,
51.7 -43.8^

Twenty-seven specimens.

Apokocidaris a. Ag. and Clark.

The discovery of a cidaroid in deep water off Kamchatka very similar to
Porocidaris Milkri A. Ag. calls attention with new emphasis to tlie pecu-
liarities of that form, and makes it seem desirable to establish a genus for
the reception of the two species, in order to make more clear the features
in which they differ from Porocidaris. The extraordinary size of the abac-
tinal system, which is from .GO to .70 of the horizontal diameter of the test;
the small number of ambidacral plates, which are usually fewer than 30
and oidy in the largest specimens exceed that number; the fact that the
poriferous zones are scarcely sunken at all ; the very slender but rougli
primary radioles ; the nearly cylindrical or even club-shaped secondaries
and miliaries; and the absence of any sort of tridentate pedicellarias, com-
bine to make the line between these species and the other Cidarida3
remarkably distinct. They are small and rather delicate echinoids, appar-
ently confined to very deep water.

APOEOCIDARIS MILLEEI. 37

Aporocidaris Milleri A. Ag. and Clark.

Porocidaris Milleri A. Ag. 1S9S. Bull. M. C. Z., XXXII, 5, p. 74. PI. IV.

Plate 9.

Neither tridentate nor large globiferous pedicellarife occur in this
species, but small globiferous ones of very diverse sizes are abundant all
over the test. They have the valves short and wide though the proportions
vary, from those having the width .38 of the length to those in which it is
.75. The opening is very irregular, either with or without a lip, and there
may or may not be an end-tooth. The valves range in length from .32
to .87 mm. and the stalks are one or two times as lonff.

The great variability of the primary radioles referred to in the previously
published description is remarkably illustrated by two specimens, each 10 mm.
in diameter, one from St. 3309, off Cocos Id., the other from St. 4717. In
the former, all the radioles are very slender and almost perfectly smooth,
while in the latter many are much stouter and are provided with longi-
tudinal series of stout, hooked prickles, as long as one-half the diameter
of the spine.

This species was collected by the " Albatro.ss," during her trip to the
Eastern Pacific, in 1904, at the following stations.

Station 4647. 4°33' S.-87'42.5' W. Bott. temp. 35.5^ 2005 fathoms.
Very It. gy. glob. oz.

Station 4717. 510' S.-98^56' W. Bott. temp. 35.2^ 2153 fathoms.
Red br. glob. oz. diat.

Aporocidaris fragilis A. Ag. and Clark.

Plates 10, figs. 10-:21 ; 23, figs. o-8.
Of this species two specimens were collected at Station 3783. It is
closely allied to P. 3IiUcri. It is more flattened (PI. 23, figs. 7, .S) than that
species, but like it in that the miliaries and secondaries are distant and
the smaller spines are of uniform size, and very slender and elongate.
In a specimen of 20 mm. diameter there are five and five interambulacral
plates; the longest radicles (PI. 10, fig. Li) are 35 mm. and are compara-
tively stouter than in P. llilkri. They are of a whitish tint, and are
covered with sharp, prominent serrations. The actinal primary radioles
(PI. 10. fig. 7-7) ai-e curved, flattened, with longer teeth on the edges. The
color of the secondary spines and papilli\5 is light yellowish-brown.

38 HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ECHINI.

In a specimen measuring 15 mm. in diameter and 9 mm. in lieiglit there
are four and five interambulacral plates. The abactinal system measures
9 mm. across, the actinal system 8 mm. Tlie median ambulacral zone con-
sists of two vertical rows of secondary tubercles about equal in size to those
surrounding the scrobicular area. In the younger specimens of Milleri
anOi fragilis the genital pores are frequently not developed (PI. 23, fig. j),
and the actinal interambulacral plates are limited to a very small area
between the ambulacral plates (PI. 23, fig. G).

Neither tridentate nor large globiferous pedicellarias are to be found.
The small globiferous ones occur everywhere, but are not specially abundant.
They are very variable, but the valves are somewhat more slender than in
Milkri ; the lip is generally present, but the end-tooth is usually wanting.
The valves range in length from .40 to 1.00 nun., and the stalk is about
equal to them, or may be as much as twice as long.

Station No. 3783. Off Kamchatka; S. E. Cape, Copper Id. 1567 fathoms.
Gy. V. s. gn. m.

AcANxnociDARis Mort.

It is not surprising that Mortensen^ should have established this genus
without any further examination than the superficial one he was able to
make of the specimens in the British Museum and in the Jardin des Plantes
and of the pedicellaria? he figured of Cidaris curraiisjnji/'s Bell." For this
cidarid is indeed a most striking Echinoid and is remarkable for its
huge curved primary spines resembling those of Coelopleurus, tliough they
are not smooth, and end in a shallow grooved socket and not in a point as
in that genus. The base of the primary spines above the milled ring
is smootli, witli fine striation, and indistinct, undulating ribs or ridges
extend to the base of the shoe, which is sharply fluted or longitudinally
ribbed. The primaries are curved near the extremity and are also often
flattened there. The shaft of the spine is not more than one third the
leng^th of the shoe. The longest radioles are on the abactinal intenimbu-
lacral plates (Pis. 37, 38). The radioles of the actinal part of the test
(Pis. 12^ figs. 18,19; 37; 39, fig. i) are much flattened, slightly dished,
and have the shaft tipped with a conspicuou.s, short, curved shoe or cap, as
in Stephanocidaris. The larger primary spines are somewhat triangular in
section, the curved abactinal side of the radiole being wider than the side

' Ingolf Exped. J2chinoitle;i I, p. 21.

2 Trans. Zool. Soc. Loudon, XIII, 1893, p. 303. PI. XXXVIII.

ACANTHOCIDAEIS HASTIGERA. 39

faces of the spines. Tlie younger primary spines adjoining tlie abactinal
system are not tipped with slioes. They are irregularly triangular, smooth,
and pointed (Pis. 38 ; 39 ; 40 ; 41, fig. '2; 42, fig. 5). The abactinal system
is pentagonal. The actinal system is smaller than the abactinal.

Acanthocidaris hastigera A. Ag. and Clark.
Plates 11, figs. 1-r,; 12, figs. 1-17; 12 ^ figs. IS, 10; 37-42.

In a specimen 50 mm. in diameter and 40 nun. in height, the longest
abactinal spines measiu-e three times the diameter of the test, the smooth
part of the shaft being nearly one quarter the length of the radiole seen
from above, and the spines taper very gradually towards the extremity
(PI. 38). The extent of the curvature is well shown on two of the longest
spines of Pis. 37 and 38, and in PI. 12, fig. 4. The secondary spines (PL 12,
figs. 11-14) ''ii'e slender, elongated, flattened, and striated ; they hardly
extend beyond the milled ring of the radioles. The miliary spines (PI. 12,
fig. 17) resemble the secondaries in every point except in .size, though they
appear on the whole as more pointed. The pentagonal abactinal system
measures 25 nun. in greatest diameter (PI. 39, fig. 5), while the actinal
system does not measure more than IS nun. (PI. 39, fig. 1). There are
seven and eight primary tubercles in each vertical interambulacral row;
these tubercles are perforate and crenulate. The scrobicular circle is sur-
rounded by a single row of large secondaries. The small secondaries and
miliaries in two or three irregular rows cover the sides of the interambu-
lacral plates, forming a broad, median belt along the suture of the inter-
ambulacral plates (PI. 40, figs. /, .'). The scrobicular areas of the small
interambulacral plates, near the actinal system, unite on the horizontal line
of suture (PI. 39, fig. 1).

The poriferous zone of the ambulacral area is slightly undulating. The
area itself is divided into three belts of equal width ; the two poriferous
zones and the median ambulacral belt which is defined by a vertical line of
small secondaries flanking the poriferous zones (Ph 40, fig. 1), with a line of
minute miliaries on the median angle of each ambulacral plate. The larger
ambulacral tubercles carry comparatively long, slender, sharp-pointed spines.
The miliary spines are slender and minute. The outer line of pores is com-
posed of larger pores than the iuner line; the pores are slightly confluent.

The genital plates are irregularly hexagonal with rounded angles, the

40 HAWAIIAN AND OTHEE PACIFIC ECHINI.

distal sides being the smallest (PI. 39, fig. 2). The genital pores are near
the distal edge ; the specimen figured in PI. 39, fig. 2, is probably a male.
The genital plates are covered with well-separated secondary tubercles, all
more or less comma-shaped, especially in the area adjoining the anal system.
The madreporic genital is riddled with pores, and is covered with small
globular tubercles closely packed together (PL 39, fig. ?). The ocular
plates are heart-shaped, irregularly triangular, with rounded sides, and with
the exception of the right anterior one, come in contact with a large inter-
genital anal plate. The anal system is pointedly pentagonal, with an outer
ring of large, irregularly shaped" plates, an inner ring of irregularly shaped
smaller plates, and the smallest plates immediately round the anal opening.
The plates of the anal system carry a few tubercles similar to those of the
genital and ocular plates.

The ambulacral plates of the actinal system are very narrow ; they are
edged with three small miliaries on each side of the central line of pores.
To the thirteen ambulacral plates in each vertical row only six interambu-
lacral plates correspond.

In a smaller specimen measuring 24 mm. in diameter the ratio of the
diameter of the test to the length of the longest primary spine is somewhat
less than in the larger specimen. In this specimen the longest primary
spines are 65 mm. only, and the basal part of the radiole is fully one third
the lengtli of the whole spine. Although the test is proportionately much
flatter, only 12 mm. in height, there are already five and six interambulacral
plates. With diminishing size the flattening of the test also rapidly
increases. In a specimen 18 mm. in diameter, the height is 8 mm. (PI. 42,
figs, l-.'f), the longest primary spine is 48 mm., and there are five and six
primary tubercles. In a specimen 9 mm. in diameter, the height is 4 mm.,
the longest spine is 14 mm. (PI. 42, figs. 7-10), and there are four and five
primary tubercles. In tlie smallest specimen examined, with three and four
primary tubercles, the diameter was 5 mm., and the height 2.25 mm. The
longest spines measure 12 and 14 mm. ; the basal part of the spine being
nearly one-half tlie length of the radiole. In small specimens the abactinal
system is smaller than the actinal. In the specimen figured in PI. 42,
figs. 1, 2, the abactinal system measures C.5 mm. and the actinal 7 mm.
across. In the specimen PI. 42, figs. 7, S, the abactinal system measures
3.5 mm., and the actinal 4 mm. In the smallest specimen, 5 mm. in
diameter, the abactinal and actinal system each measure 3 mm.

ACANTHOCIDARIS H4STIGERA. 41

When dried the secondary and miliary spines are of a nniforni brown,
chocolate color. The primary spines are of a lighter color with a pinkish
tinge, the basal part of the spine yellowish, or sometimes porcelain white
in smaller specimens.

Although the tridentate and small globiferous pedicellariiB are present
always, the large globiferous may be wholly wanting in large specimens.

The large globiferous pedicellaria) (PI. 11, fig. l) are not essentially
diflTerent from the small ones, but often have the lip incomplete and the
end-tooth is wanting. There are numerous calcareous ridges and elevations
on the inner face of the valve, which measures about .80 mm. in length.
The stalk (PI. 12, fig. l) is about as long- and has a well-developed limb.
These pedicellaria3 are infrequent and apparently most connuon in young
specimens.

The tridentate pedicellaria^ (PI. 11, figs. 4, 5) have long stout valves, with
longitudinal ridges on the inner face. The valves are as much as 1.55 mm.
in length and the stalk is about the same. They occur mainly on the
actinal surface.

The small globiferous pedicellaria^ (PI. 11, figs. 2,3) have straight sides
and a well-developed end-tooth, which is less conspicuous in large valves.
They range in size from .20 mm. upwards, in length of valve, with stalks
1-3 times as long, and intergrade with the large globiferous ones, so that
it is hard to draw any line between the two. They are abundant
everywhere.

Although similar in its general appearance to Bell's species {Cidurls cur-
vcdispiius) from Mauritius, hastigera differs so strikingly in color, as well as
in the form of the basal half of the primaries, that the two cannot be
identical.

This species has been collected at the following stations in the Ilawaiinn
Islands.

Station 3823. Off Lae-o Ka Laau Light, S. coast of Molokai. Bott.
temp. m\ 78-222 fathoms. Fni'. s. p.

Station 3838. Off Lae-o Ka Laau Liyiht, S. coast of Molokai. Bott.
temp. 67'. 92-212 fathoms. Fne. gy. br. s.

Station 3845. Off Lae-o Ka Laau Light, S. coast of Molokai. Bott.
temp. 71'. GO-64 fathoms. Crs. s. p. sli.

Station 384G. Off Lae-o Ka Laau Light, S. coast of Molokai. Bott.
temp. 71.5'. GO-64 fli thorns. Crs. br. s. sh. g.

42 HAWAIIAN AXD OTHER PAdFlC ECHINI.

Station 3847. Off Lae-o Ka Laau Light, S. coast of Molokai. 23-24
fathoms. S. st.

Station 3848. Off Lae-o Ka Laau Light, S. coast of Molokai. Bott.
temp. TLT. 44-73 fatlioms. S. g.

Station 38G1. Off Mokuhooniki Islet, Pailolo Cliannel. 30-52 fathoms.
Fne. s. sm. p. co.

Station 390G. Off Mokapu Islet, N. coast of Molokai. Bott. temp. 72".
66-'JG fathoms. Gy. s. sh. p.

Station 4UG1. Off Kauhola Light, N. E. coast of Hawaii. 24-83
fathoms. Co. s. corln. nod. for.

Station 40G2. Off Kauhola Light, N. E. coast of Hawaii. 83-113
fathoms. Co. vol. s. sh. for.

Station 40G4. Off Kauhola Light, N. E. coast of Hawaii. Bott temp.
69'. G3-1U7 fathoms. Vol. s. for. co.

Station 4U6G. Off Ka Lae-o Ka Ilio Point, Maui. Bott. temp. 52.5°.
49-176 fathom.s. Rky.

Station 4077. Off Puniawa Point, Maui. Bott. temp. 70 . 99-106
fathoms. Fne. co. s. for.

Bathy metrical range, 23-222 fathoms. Extremes of temperature,
72-52.5°. Fifty specimens.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Plate 1.

Plate 1.

1-2. Cidaris Thouarsii Val.

1. Upper end of stalk of globiferous pedicellaria, showing entire absence of limb. x 15G

2. Valve of small globiferous pedicellaria. x 156.

3-7. Cidaris metularia BI.

3. Upper end of stalk of globiferous pedicellaria, showing presence of limb, x 156.

4. Valve of small globiferous pedicellaria. x 156.

5. Tip of valve of another small globiferous pedicellaria. x 156.

6. Valve of globiferous pedicellaria. x 156.

7. Valve of tridentate pedicellaria. x 15G.

it

t

4

Plate 2.

PlatI': 2.

1-4. Cidaris tribuloides Ag.

1. Valve of globiferous pedicellaria. x lo(>.

2. Upper end of stalk of globiferoiis pciliecllaria, showing absence of limb. x IHG.

3. Valve of small globiferous pedicelhiria. x 15G.

4. Interior view of base of valve of tridentate pedicellaria. x IHG.

5-19. Doroeidaris panamensis A. Ag.

/). Ti]) of valve of globiferous pedicellaria. x 15G.

G. Valve of small globiferons i^edicellaria. x 156.

• 7. Tip of valve of aiioth'er small globiferous pedicellaria, without end-tooth, x Gil

8. Tip of valve of another small globiferous pedicellaria, with end-tooth, x G17.

9. Ambital primary spine. N;it. size.
10. Base of same spine, x 5.

r.

11. Tip of same spine, x

12. End view of same tip. x 5.

1.'5. Small actinal primary spine, x 11.

14. Abactinal intern mbulacral secondary spine. x 11.

15. Actinal ambulacral secondary spine, x 23.

16. Aotinostomal miliary, x 23.

17. Same miliary from side, x 23.

18. Most common form of miliary. x 23.

19. Less common form of miliary, x 23.

n;OSS" FAC.FIC AK5 teW.IAN EcHlii!

*rN.

S

Plate 2.

t

^/^

Q;

l\

i

\

>!^

1

/</

V.-^
/»

/.V

I I I

n

Platio 3.

Plate 3.

1-14. Dorocidaris Keini Dud.

1. Valve of globiferous pedioellaiiii. x 55.

1'. Valve of small globiferous pedicellaria. x 55.

3. Valve of another small globiferous jjedicellaria. x 55.

4. Developmental stage of valve of tridentate pedicellaria. x 55.

5. Later developmental stage of valve of tridentate pedicellaria. x 55.

6. Valve of tridentate pedicellaria. x 55.

7. Interior view of base of valve of tridentate pedicellaria. x 55.

8. Upper end of stalk of globiferous pedicellaria. x 55.

9. Ambital primary spine, x 3.

10. End view of tip of same spine, x 3.

11. Actinal primary spine, x 3.

12. Primary si>ine nearest actinostorae. x 3.

13. Secondary spines, x 11.

14. Miliaries. x 11.

1.5-28. Dorocidaris bracteata A. Ag.

15. Valve of globiferous pedicellaria. x 55.

IG. V.ilve of small globiferous pedicellaria. x 55.

17. Valve of another sniiill globiferous pedicellaria. x 55.

18. Valve of another small globiferous pedicellaria. x 55

19. Developmental stage of valve of tridentate jjedicellaria. x 55.

20. Later developmental stage of valve of tridentate pedicellaria. x 55.

21. Valve of triilentate pedicel], iria. x 55.

22. Interior view of base of valve of tridentate pedicellaria. x 55.

23. Upper end of stalk of globiferous pedicellaria. x 55.

24. Ambital jirimary spine, x ,'5.

25. End view of tip of same spine, x 3.

26. Actinal primary spines. x 11.

27. Secondary spines, x 11.

28. Miliaries. x 11.

"Albatross" Pacific and Hawaiiam Ech'ni

Plate 3.

Plati: 4.

Plate 4.

1-12. Dorocidaris calacantha A. Ag. and Clark.

1. Valve of small globiferou.s pediccllaria. x ~tr>.

2. Valve of another small globiferous pedicellaria. x 5o

3. Valve of tridentate pedicellaria. x 55.

4. Ambital primary spine. Nat. size.

5. Tip of same spine seen from side, x 5.

6. End view of same tip. x 5.

7. Abactinal primary spine. Nat. size.

8. Actinal primary spine, x 11.

9. Interambulaeral secondary spine, x 11.

10. Ambulacra! secondary spine, x 11.

11. Actinostomal miliaries. x 11.

12. Other miliaries. x 11.

13-19. Chondrocidaris gigantea A. Ag.

13. Small globiferous pedicellaria. x 23.

14. Tridentate pedicellaria. x 23.

15. Valve of sraall globiferous pedicellaria. x 156.

16. Exterior view of same valve, x 156.

17. Valve of tridentate pedicellaria. x 55.

18. Interior view of base of valve of tridentate pedicellaria. x .55.

19. Side view of tip of valve of tridentate pedicellaria. x 15().

20-23. Stephanocidaris hawaiiensis A. Ag. and Clark.

20. Valve of small globiferous pedicellaria. x 156.

21. Tip of valve of small globiferous pedicellaria. x 156.

22. Valve of tridentate pedicellaria. x 55.

23. Interior view of base of valve of tridentate pedicellaria. x 55.

"Albatross" Pacific and Hawaiian Eoiiiki

I

I

\

A

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10

Plate 4.

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17

Plate 5.

Plate 5.

1-17. Phyllacanthus Thomasii A. Ag. and Clark.

1. Small globiferous pedicellaria. x 23.

2. Tridentate pedicellaria. x 2.'i.

3. Valve of small globiferous pedicellaria. x 156.

4. Small valve, from side, x 15G.

5. Valve of tridentate pedicellaria. x 5.5.

6. Interior view of base of valve of tridentate pedicellaria. x 55.

7. Ambital primary spine. Nat. size.

8. Tip of same spine, x 5.

9. End view of same tip. x 5.

10. Actinal primary spine. Nat. size.

11. Primary spine nearest actinostome. Nat. size.

12. 13. Interambulacral secondary spines, x 11.

14. Ambulacral secondary spine. x 11.

15. Actinal secondary spine, x 11.

16. Side view of same spine, x 11.

17. Miliaries. x 11.

lS-20. Stereocidaris grandis Dod.

18. Valve of globiferous pedicellaria. x 55.

19. Valve of small globiferous pedicellaria. x 55.

20. Valve of tridentate pedicellaria. x 55.

Albatross" Pacific and HAWAiiAW Echim

Plate 5.

i

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1-1

Plate 6.

Plate 6.

1-17. Stereocidaris leucacantha A. Ag. ami Clark.

1. Tridentate pedicellaria. x 55.

2. Smaller tridentate pedicellaria. x 55.

3. Globiferous pedicellaria. x 55.

4. Small globiferous pedicellaria. x 15G.

5. Valve of tridentate pedicellaria. x 53.

6. Valve of globiferous pedicellaria. x 156.

7. Calcareous particles from pedicels, x 15G.

8. Ambital primary spine. Nat. size.

9. Base of same spine, x 5.

10. Tip of same spine, x 5.

11. End view of same tip. x 5.

12. Actinal primary spine, x 5.

13. Smallest actinal primary spine, x 11.

14. Interambulacral secondary spine, x 11.

15. Ambulaoral secondary spine, x 23.

16. Actinal secondaries, x 23.

17. Miliaries. x 23.

"Albatross' Pacific and Hawaiian Echin:

Plate G,

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Plate 7.

Plate 7.

1-24. Poroeidai'is Cobosi A. Ag.

1. Tridentate pedicellaria. x 1].

2. Smaller tridentate pedicellaria. x 11.

3. Developmeutal stage of tridentate pedicellaria. x 11.

4. Very small tridentate pedicellaria. x 5.5.

6. Valve of large tridentate pedicellaria. x 30.

6. Interior view of base of valve of small tridentate pedicellaria. x 55.

7. Calcareous particles from pedicels, x 156.

8. Abactinal primary spine. Nat. size.

9. Ambital primary spine. Nat. size.

10. Base of same spine, x 5.

11. Tip of same spine, x 5.

12. End view of same tip. x 5.

13. Ambital primary spine of small individual, x 3.

14. Actinal primary spine. x 5.

15. Side view of same spine, x 5.

16. Smaller actinal primary spine, x 5.

17. Smallest actinal primary spine. x 5.
IS. Young abactinal primary spine, x 5.

19. Somewhat younger abactinal primary spine, x 5.

20. Youngest abactinal primary spine, x 5.

21. Interambulacral secondary spine, x 11.

22. Another interambulacral secondary spine, x 11.

23. Ambulacral secondary spine, x 11,

24. Actinal miliaries. x 11.

"Albatross" Pacific and yiAMAiiA.n Eckik

Plate 7.

Tlate 8.

Plate 8.

1-27. Porocidaris variabilis A. Ag. and C'lari

1. Large pedicellaria. x 23.

2. Anotlier pedicellaria. x 23.

3. Another large pedicellaria. x 8.

4. luterior view of valve of pedicellaria. x 8.

5. Very small pedicellaria. x 23.

6. Side view of normal four-valved pedicellaria. x 2.3.

7. End view of same, x 23.

8. Abnormal four-valved pedicellaria. x 2.3.

9. Side view of two-valved pedicellaria. x 11.

10. End view of same, x 11.

11. Rear view of same, x 11.

12. Abactinal primary spine. Nat. size.

13. Ambital primary spine. Nat. size.

14. End view of same spine. Nat. size.

15. Small piece of primary spine, near middle, x 10.
IG. Siibambital primary spine. Nat. size.

17. Subambital primary spine. Nat. size.

18. End view of same spine. Nat. size.

19. Actinal primary spine. Nat. size.

20. Smallest actinal primary spine. Nat. size.

21. 22. Interambulacral secondary spines, x 11.
2.3. Ambulacral secondary spine, x 11.

24. Actinal secondary spine, x 11.

25. Actinostomal miliary. x 11.

26. Calcareous particles from pedicels, x 156.

27. Calcareous particles from pedicels of another individual, x 300.

AND Hawaiian Echini

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Plate 9.

Plate 9.

1-26. Aporocidaris Milleri A. Ag and Clark.

1. Typical pedicellaria, with stalk, x 23.

2. Valve of broader pedicellaria. x 23.

3. Valve of narrower pedicellaria. x 23.

4. Interior view of valve of pedicellaria. x 156.

5. Tip of pedicellaria, showing well formed lip. x 156.

6. Tip of pedicellaria, showing absence of lip ; same individual, x 156.

7. Tip of pedicellaria, showing presence of end-tooth and liji. x 15G.

8. Tip of pedicellaria, showing absence of end-tooth and lip ; same individual. x 156.

9. Upper end of pedicellaria-stalk, showing absence of limb, x 55.

10. Upper end of pedicellaria-stalk, sliowing indication of limb, x 5.5.

11. Upper end of pedicellaria-stalk, showing rudimentary limb, x 55.

12. I'rimary spine. Nat. size.

13. Base of same spine, x 5.

14. Tip of same spine, x 5.

15. End view of same tip. x 5.

16. Primary spine from another individual. Nat. size.

17. Subambital primary spine. Nat. size.

18. Actinal primary spine ; abactinal surface, x 11.

19. Actinal primary spine; actinal surface. x 11.

20. Very small actinal primary spine, x 11.

21. Smallest actinal primary spine. x 11.

22. Interambulacral secondary spine, x 23.

23. Actinal secondary spine, x 23.

24. 25. Ambulacral secondary spines. x 23.
26. Calcareous particles from pedicels. x 15(i.

"Albatrosb" F-Acipir. and Hawavah Fxhin:

FI.ATK 9.

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Plate 10.

Tlaik 10.

1-9. Centrocidaris Doederleini A. Ag.

1. Small globiferous pedicellariii. x 55.

2. Interior view of valve of same pedicellaria. x li'O.

3. Primary spine. Nat. size.

4. Base of same spine, x 5.

5. Tip of same spine, x 5.

6. End view of same tip. x 5.

7. Actinal primary spine, x 16.

8. Interambulacral secondary spine, x 23.

9. Ambulacral secondary spine, x 23.

10-21. Aporocidaris fragilis A. Ag. ami Clark.

10. Interior view of valve of pedicellaria. x 55.

11. Side view of similar valve. x 55.

i'J. Interior view of valve of pedicellaria. x 55.

I-'!. Side view of similar valve, x 55.

11. Trimary spine, x 5.

15. Actinal primary .spine. x 5.

10. Side view of smallest actinal primary spiue. x 11.

17. Abactinal view of same sjiine. x 11.

IS. Secondary spine. x 11.

19. Actinostomal miliary, x 11.

20. Side view of actinostomal miliary, x 11.

21. Abactinal miliary, x 11.

22-25. Goniocidaria biserialis Dod.

22. Interior view of valve of globiferous pedicellaria. x 55.
2.'). Side view of similar valve, x 55.

24, 25. Valves of small pedicellaria;. x 55.

2G. Goniocidaris mikado Dud.

26. Valve of small pedicellaria. x 65.

27-31. Goniocidaris clypeata Dod.

27. Valve of peculiar globiferous pedicellaria. x 55.

28. Valve of peculiar globiferous pedicellaria. x 55.

29. Valve of normal globiferous pedicellaria. x 55.

30. 31. Valves of small pedicellarise. x 55.

"Albatross" Pacific and Hawaiiak Eghik!

Pi ATE 10.

li Mciss; iMum

Plate 11.

Plate 11.

1-5. Acanthocidaris hastigera A. Ag. and Clark.

1. Valve of globifei'ous pedicellaria. x 156.

2. Valve of small globiferous pedicellaria. x 150.

3. Valve of another small globiferous pedicellaria. x 156.

4. Valve of tridentate pedicellaria. x 55.

5. Exterior view of base of valve of tridentate pedicellaria. x 55.

0-12. Anomocidaris tenuispina A. Ag. ami Clark.

6-10. Valves of small globiferous pcdicellarite, showing the great diversity in form and
size. X 55.

11. Tip of valve of small globiferous pedicellaria, showing absence of end-tootli. x 156.

12. Tip of valve of small globiferous pedicellaria, showing presence of end-tooth, x 156.

■ 'l?[C AMD ii'.V

Plat.: U.

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Plate 12.

Plate 12.

1-17. Acanthocidaris hastigera A. Ag. and Clark.

1. Tip of stalk of globiferous jiedicellaria, showing limb. x 156.

2. IMost abactinal primary spine. Nat. size.

3. Abactinal primary spine. Nat. size.

4. Side view of ambital primary spine. Nut. size.

5. Ambital primary spine. Nat. size.

6. Subambital primary spine. Nat. size.

7. Actinal primary spine. Nat. size.

8. More actinal primary spine. Nat. size.

9. Still more actinal primary spine. Nat. size.

10. Most actinal primary spine. Nat. size.

11, 12. Interambulacral secondary spines, x 11.
13,14. Ambnlacral secondary spines, x 11.

15. Actinal view of actinal secondary spine. x 11.

16. Side view of same spine, x 11.

17. jMiliary. x 11.

18-30. Anomocidaris tenuispina A. Ag. and Clark.

18. Valve of pedicellaria. x 15G.

19. Ambital primary spine. x 3.

20. Actinal primary spine. x 3.

21. Most actinal primary spine, x 3.

22. 23. Interambnlacral secondary spine. x 11.
24. Actinal secondary spine. x 11.

25-27. Auibulacral secondary spines. x 11.

28, 29. Actinal arabulacral secondary spines, x 11.

30. Miliary. x 11.

"Albatross" Pacific and Hawaiian Echini

12.

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Plate 12 \

Plate 12 ^

Parts of large globiferous pedicellariae of Dorocidaris ; only the tips of the valves have
been drawn, as the bases are more or less alike and no claim has been made that they
afford generic characters, x 70.

1-5. Dorocidaris abyssicola A. Ag.

All the figures are from a single individual, and show the great diversity in the large
globiferous pedicellariae.

fl-lo. Dorocidaris Bartletti A. Ag.

Figures fl-11 are from a single individual and show the extraordinary diversity which is
exhibited by the large globiferous pedicellarije of this species. The usual form is that
shown in fig. 10 but the kind shown in fig. 7 is quite common.

Figures 12 and 13 are from a second individual and show that the " limb " on the stalk
may be either present or wanting.

"Albatross" Pacific and Hawaiian Eghdii

Platk IE"

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Plate 121".

Platk 12".

1-3. Doroeidaris aifinis A. Ag.

All the figures are from a single individual. x 70.

1. Tip of valve of a large podicellaria of e.\ac;tly the same appearance as the small

pedicellaria of the same individual.

2. Tip of valve of an ordinary large globiferous pedicellaria, but the opening is not quite

terminal.

3. Tip of valve of a somewhat larger pedicellaria with the opening distinctly terminal.

4-6. Doroeidaris Blakei A. Ag.
All the figures are from a single individual, to show the diversity in the form

of the opening, x 70.

7-9. Centroeidaris Doederleini A. Ag.

7. Valve of an ordinary large globiferous pedicellaria ; side view, x 70.

8. Valve of jieculiar large globiferous pedicellaria; inner view, x 70.

9. Valve of tridentate pedicellaria : side view. < 70.

10-19. Aetinal Primary Spines. x 5.
The even numbers show the abactiual side ; the odd numbers, the aetinal side.

10. 11. Stephanocidaris bispinosa A. Ag.

12, 13. Stephanocidaris hawaiiensis A. Ag. and Clark.

14, 15. Phyllacanthus annulifera A. Ag.

1(). 17. Phyllacanthus baculosa A. Ag.

18, 19. Acanthocidaris hastigera A. Ag. and Clark.

Albatross" Pacific AND Hawaiuk Sckin;

Plate 12^

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17

Plate 13.

Tlate 13.

Dorocidaris calacantha A. Ag. and Claik.

1. (7 on Plate.) Abactinal view of partly cleaned specimeu.

2. Actinal view of same.

3. Abactinal view of cleaned test.

4. Actinal view of same.

All figures natural size.

VrH05£"Fi\C!FIC A>;!j Hav.'aiiai-!

Hei.:;;7ype Cr Eostow

Plate 14.

Plate 14.
Doroeidaris calacantha A. Ag. and Clark.

1. Ambulacral view of partly cleaned specimen.

2. luterambulacral view of same.

3. Interambulacral view of cleaned test.

4. Ambulacral view of same.

5. Abactinal view of partly cleaned young specimen.
G. Actinal view of same.

7. Interambulacral view of same.

8. Ambulacral view of same.

AH fisiures natural size.

"ALBArF:

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Plate 15.

Platk 15.

Stereocidaris leueaeantha A. Ag. and Clark.

1. Abactiiial view of medium-sized specimen.

2. Artinal view of same.

3. Ainbulaeral view of partly cleaned specimen.

4. Interambulacral view of same.

Other views of specimen shown in figs. 3 and 4 will be found on Plate 32, figs. 5 and C.

All fitrures natural size.

"Aleatrcs 5" Pacific andHawail^j Echini

. (

J>

Plate 16.

Plate 16.

Poroeidaris variabilis A. A,-, and Clark.
Actinal view. Natural size.
Another view of same specimen is shown in Plate 17.

"Alp atr:,.-:;" Pacific and Hav/aiiaI'T EcHiNr

Heliotype Co Bosrow

Plate 17.

Platk 17.

Poroeidaris variabilis A. Ai;. ami ( 'lark.
Abactinal view. Natural size.
Anotlier view of same speciiueu is sliowu in E'late 16.

"Albatrcss" Pacific .^'dIIawailaii Echini

HeI-I.typeCv B;srox

Plate 18.

Plate 18.

Porocidaris variabilis A. Ag. and Clark.

1. Abaetinal view of partly cleaned speciiueu.

2. Actiual view of same.

Both figures natural size.

Other views of same specimen are shown in Plate 19.

"Albatrcss" Pacific ai^jd Hawaiiai-i Echini.

T'lATE 16

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Plate 19.

Plate 19.
Porocidaris variabilis A. Ag. and Clark.

1. Ambnlacral view of partly cleaned specimen.

2. luterambukicral view of same.

Both figures natural size.
Other views of same specimen are shown in Plate 18.

"Albatross" Pacific vU^d HAWAU-y^j Echini

,..-«^^;.^*?'

•M . :■: /

Ht:.:. :vrE C: »a: Tuit

Plate 20.

Plate 20.

Porocidaris variabilis A. Ag. and (Jlark.
Actiiial view of inodiuni-sized specimen. Natural size.
Auotlier view of same specimen is shown in Plate 21.

Hkiii.- :vf f: 'V F- .- : ■ h

Tlate 21.

Plate 21.

Poroeidaris variabilis A. Ag. ami ciuik.

Abactiniil vii'W uf niediuui-sized specimen. Natural size.

Anotlu'i- view of same specimen is shown in I'late 20.

.-V.T iLCHINI

He'^I-Type C: pi-sruH

Plate 22.

Plate 22.

Poroeidaris variabilis A. Ag. and Clark.

1. Actinal view of small specimen.

2. Abactinal view of same.

Both figures natural size.

\

HeliuTYpkCo BJarwii

Plate 23.

Plate 23.

1-4. Poroeidaris variabilis A. Ag. and Clark.
1. Abactinal view of partly cleaned, light-colored specimen.
U. Actinal view of same.

3. Ambulacral view uf same.

4. Interambulacral view of same.

5-8. Aporocidaris fragilis A. Ag. and Clark.

5. Abactinal view of cleaned test.

6. Actinal view of same.

7. Interambulacral view of same.

8. Ambulacral view of same.

All figures natural size.

"AuPATHO S3 "Pacific andHawailaii Echix:

P1.ATE 23

y.r- ■ isTT - ~ r--iT.w

Plate 24.

Plate 24.

Stephanoeidaris hawaiiensis A. Ag. anci Clark.
Actinal view. Natural size.
Anotlier view of same specimen is shown in Plate 25.

--.._riC .i^KD HAV/AILy-! ECHINI

I'LATE 24

Plate 25.

Plate 25.

Stephanocidaris hawaiiensis A. Ag. ami dark
Abactiiial view. Natural size.
Another view of same specimeu is shown in I'late 24.

''■Albatross" Pacific ai~id Rw/ailan Echini

I'LATE 25

I

I

HflLli-TVPE <Jb BySTiJjt

Plate 26

Plate 26.

1-4. Stephanocidaris hawaiiensis A. Ag and Clark.

1. Abactinal view of cleaued test.

2. Actiiial view of same.

3. luterambulacral view of same.

4. Arabulacral view of same.

5-8. Phyllacanthus Thomasii A. Ag. and Clark.

5. Abactinal view of cleaned test of medium-sized specimen.
0. Actinal view of same.

7. Interambulacral view of same.

8. Ambulacral view of same.

All figures natural size.

"Albatross" Pacific amd Eav/aiiai^i Echini.

Tlate 26

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Plate 27.

Plate 27.

Phyllacanthus Thomasii A. Ag. and Clark.

Actinal view of partly cleaned specimen. Natural size.

Other views of same specimen are shown in Plates 28 and 29.

"AI-F.

HEti.TVvE Cc Dobrys

Plate 28.

Platk 28.

Phyllacanthus Thomasii A. Ag. and Clark.

Abactinal view of partly cleaned specimen. Natural size.
Other views of same specimen are sLown in I'lates 27 and 29.

■'Albatross'" Pacific ai^d Kawaiia;-: tCHiNi

I>LA7E 2c

^ ^ A'»:.^Jf

3f:a

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Plate 29.

Plate 29.

Phyllaeanthus Thomasii A. Ag. and Clark.

1. Ambulaci-al view of partly cleaned specimen.

2. Interambulacral view of same.

Both figures natural size.
Other views of same specimen are shown in Plates 27 and 28.

l-.Ei.:,TYt-'E i:. =:-f low

Plate 30.

Plate 30.

Phyllaeanthus Thomasii A. Ag. and Clark.

1. Aetinal view of small specimen.

2. Abactinal view of same.

Botli figures natural size.

«--.

A

He; .. ■Yi'E Cc

Plate 31.

Plate 31.

1-4. Phyllaeanthus Thomasii A. Ag. ami Clark.

1. Abantinal view of cleaned test of small specimen.

2. Actiiial view of same.

3. Interarabulacral view of same.

4. Ambulacral view of same.

5-8. Anomoeidaris tenuispina A. Ag. and Clark.

5. Abactinal view of partly cleaned specimen.
C. Actinal view of same.

7. Interambulacral view of same.

8. Ambulacral view of same.

All figures natural size.

' ' ''>i"k'^}^^

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Plate 32.

Plate 32.

Stereoeidaris leucaeantha A. Ag. and ( 'lark.
1. AbactiiKiI view of partly cleaned, large specimen ; primaries all broken.
L'. Actiual view of same.
.'). Interambulacral view of same.
4. Ambulacral view of same.

0. Abactinal view of partly cleaned, small specimen.
(J. Actiual view of same.

All figures natural size.
Other views of specimen shown in figs. 6 and 6 will be found in Plate 15, figs. 3 and 4.

■■■Albatross" Pacific A^^D Hav/aiiai-i Eckinl

LAi E ji

^ '..^i:

Plate 33.

Platk 33.

Stereoeidaris grandis Dudorloin.

1. Ainhiilacral view of jiavtly cleaned specimeu from Hawaii.

2. Abactinal view of same.

3. Actinal view of same.

4. Interambulacral view of same.

All figures natural size.

■■AlSATROSS "t-ACIrlC AND loAV/AlL-C-I EcHIN:

He; :. TYPE t'o tiJsrt'N

Plate 34.

Plate 34.

Doroeidaris calacantha A. Ag. ami Clark.

Actinal view. Natural size.
Another view of same specimen is shown in PLite 35.

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Plate 35.

Plate 35.

Dorocidaris ealacantha A. Ag. and Clark.

Aliactiiial view. Natural size.
Another view of same specimen is shown in Plate 34.

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I

Plate 36.

Plate 36.

Stereoeidaris grandis Dinleilein.

1. Abactinal view of partly cleaned specimen irom Japan.

2. Aetinal view of same.

3. Interanibulaeral view of same.

4. Ambulacnil view of same.

All fiirures natural size.

"Albatross" Pacific ai^dHav/ailam Echini

Plate 36

riKLi-TVPECr B-)*;toi(

Plate 37.

Plate 37.

Aeanthooidaris hastigera A. Ag. ami Clark.

Actinal view of medium-sized specimen. Natural size.

Another view of same specimen is shown in Plate 38.

Plate 38.

Platr 38.

Acanthocidaris hastigera A Ag and Clark.

Abactinal view of medium-sized specimen. Natural size.

Another view of same specimen is shown in Plate 37.

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Plate 39.

Plate 39.

Acanthocidaris hastigera A. Ag and Clark.

1. Actinal view of partly cleaned, large specimeu.

2. Abactiual view of same.

Both figures natural size.
Other views of same specimen are shown in Plate 40.

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Plate 40.

Platk 40.

Acanthoeidaris hastigera A. Ag. aiul Clark.

1. Ambulacra! view of partly cleaned, large specimen.

2. Interainbulaci-al view of same.

Both figures natural size.

Other views of same specimen are shown in Plate 39.

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Plate 41.

Plate 41.

Acanthoeidaris hastigera A. Ag. ami Clark.

1. Actinal view of small specimen.

2. Abactinal view of same.

Both figures natural size.

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Plate 42.

Plate 42.
Acanthocidaris hastigera A. Ag. and Clark.

1. Abaetinal view of partly cleaned, small specimen.

2. Actiiial view of same.

.".. Intevainbulacral view of same.
4. Ainbiilaoral view of same.
,5. Abaetinal view of small specimen.
r>. Actinal view of same.

7. Abaetinal view of partly cleaned, very small specimen.

8. Actinal view of same.

9. Interambulacral view of same.

10. Ambulacral view of same.

All figures natural size.

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