KZ-£>

HARVARD UNIVERSITY

LIBRARY

OF THE

Museum of Comparative Zoology

/IDemotrs of tbe /iDuseum of Gomparattve Zoology

AT HARVARD COLLEGE.
Vol. XLVII. No. 3.

SPHAERODACTYLUS.

BY

THOMAS BARBOUR.

WITH T\A^NTY-SIX PLATES.

CAIVIBRIDGE, U. S. A.:

IPrtnteo for tbe /»useum.

December, 1921.

iry^S

SPHAERODACTYLUS.

INTRODUCTION.

There is scarcely a single Neotropical genus \Yhich has proved more baffling
to students than the one chosen for revision now. The species are often ex-
tremely small, adequate series of specimens are not frequently available, and as is
common in generalized, homogeneous groups, the characters available for specific
definition prove to be variable in the extreme. Thus while with the fresh
material in hand the reviewer has no great difficulty in separating the various
forms, yet when he comes to justify his conclusions by actually describing the
conditions observed, the task becomes one of most acute difficulty; while the
preparation of satisfactory keys for the determination of the species is an almost
hopeless task. I was led to attempt this revision solely by the fact that owing
to the long interest in West Indian exploration, which has centred in the M. C. Z.
a series of several hundred sphaerodactyls has gradual^ accumulated. This
series represents no less than thkty-one species of the thirty-five which are
recognized as valid including typical material of twenty species and fifteen types
of valid species.

I acknowledge with deep gratitude the coiu-tesy which I ha\e received
from Drs. Leonhard Stejneger, G. A. Boulenger, Lars G. Andersson, A. G.
Ruthven, Mr. G. K. Noble, and Mr. H. W. Fowler, all of whom have aided my
studies. The quite satisfactory drawings are by Mr. E. N. Fischer, whose skill
is already well recognized.

The sphaerodactyls form a compact group of Gekkonidae highly charac-
teristic of the Antillean subregion and the adjacent mainland. All the species,
except one, are found in countries bordered by the Caribbean Sea. This one is
the pecuhar species on Cocos Island off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. I
noticed that three others from South America differed from all the rest in that
they lacked the supraorbital spine,' a character of great taxonomic importance.
Therefore, though they have been called Sphaerodactylus there seems good

' It is interesting that the possession of this unique character is shared by the genus AristeUiger,
which is also Antillean and not distantly related.

218 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

reason to believe that these three species, viz. meridionalis Boulenger, (Ann. mag.
nat. hist., 1888, ser. 6, 2, p. 40. Iguarasse, Brazil), scapularis Boulenger, (Ann.
mag. nat. hist., 1902, ser. 7, 9, p. 54. St. Javier, Ecuador) , amazonicus Andersson,
(Ark. zool., 1917, 11, no. 16, p. 1. Manaos, Brazil) should be allocated to the
Eublepharidae if that family be recognized. A very large series of small lizards
from northwestern Peru agree closely with Boulenger's description of scapularis
and in the field Mr. Noble considered them sphaerodactyls. I have, however,
examined the series and ascertained their eublepharid affinities and think they
should be placed in Lathrogecko or Lepidoblepharis (syn. Pseudogonatodes).'

Sphaerodactylus.

Small, generalized, gckkoniform lizards having "Digits narrow, slender, free, with transverse
lamellae inferiorly, the apex dilated into a disk, with a circular undivided plate inferiorly; all digits with
a sheathed retractile claw, the sheath opening laterally and inwards. Scales granular or imbricate.
Pupil round or subelliptical. Eyelid nearly circular. No preanal or femoral pores." (Boulenger, Cat.
lizards Brit, mus., 1885, 1, p. 217).

The rather primitive character of these lizards is emphasized by the com-
paratively simple digital structure, by all of the digits being similarly disked,
by the eye with certainly almost always, if not always, a round pupil, in spite of
the decidedly nocturnal or crepuscular as well as sometimes diurnal habits, and
in lacking preanal or femoral pores.

Within the genus the species show many diverse types of squamation of
which we may assume, and probably correctly, that the simple granules on head
and body, quite undifferentiated, represent the most primitive condition. This
squamation seems to be characteristic of species in which the males and females
often show the same gamut of colour-variations as e.g. in cinereus or elegans.
These species are small and show great power of adaptation to environment for
they occur commonly in open clearings, in the dense forests and commonly in
human habitations as well. This also is the type of squamation observed in
AristeUiger and Phelsuma.

The granules from being rounded or tubercular give rise naturally to keeled
granules (Uneolatus) ; these again begin to enlarge and become imbricate, and
though at first very small (nigropunctatus) , we see them increase in size through
conditions typified by such species as notatus, macrolepsis, or pictus, finally
leading to such giant species, comparatively speaking, as richardsonii, anthra-
cinus, and copei. These largest species have the largest dorsal scales not only

' Since described as a Lepidoblepharis by G. K. Noble (.\nn. N. Y. acad. sci., 1921, 29, p. 133).

INTRODUCTION. 219

actually but proportionately and are all comparatively rare. It must not be sup-
posed that these species are in any wise ancestral the one to the other; but are
simply examples chosen as typifying arrested stages pointing out the path by
which such a form as anthracinus, for instance, may have been derived from one
like cinerexis at first sight apparently wholly unrelated. The apparent dis-
similarity is bridged over by a series of hypothetical ancestral intergrades which
happen tobe illustrated by various scattered species. In anthracinus (syn. asper) ,
copei fsyn. picturatus) and scaber there is a distinct sexual dichromatism,the males
being monochrome, the females fantastically banded and decorated with ocellate
spots. How^ever, a similar dichromatism exists in decoratus and torrei among
the species having granular scales.

A condition similar to this has been independently arrived at in some
species of Gonatodes, far from closely allied. This apparently is not true of the
Jamaican richardsonii for I have traced eight specimens, all banded and of this
number both sexes were probably represented. Structurally this species is
closely related to the three others but is more primitive in colouration, probably,
and in lacking the middorsal zone of granules. This curious character has not
been mentioned previously. It is found that in several, indeed, in most of the
species with very large scales, there is a narrow zone of fine granular scales
running down the middorsal region. This probably has been at least three
times independently acquired in that the zone is rather wide and not very
sharply defined in lincenti (St. Vincent) and macrolepis (St. Lucia) ; while festus
(Martinique) shows no sign of a zone. The species from the Upper Lesser
Antilles, pidus (St. Kitts), sputator (St. Eustatius) and elegantulus (Antigua)
have a very narrow zone, sharply defined although the body-scales are not so
very large. In Porto Rico, Mona, and the Virgin Islands (macrolepis), the local
species although large scaled, has no middorsal zone. On the other hand, in
Cuba, Haiti, and Andros Island there are very large species with very large
scales, viz. scaber, copei, and anthracinus respectively which have the middorsal
granular zone well defined. Thus it may be observed that the character appears
in three separated groups of species. No explanation has been offered suggesting
why this character should be acquired. It seems reasonable, however, that it
may have to do with the flexibility of the body. The large overlapping scales
tend to form a sort of cumbrous armour and the expansion and contraction of the
body connected with breathing may be facilitated by this zone of small, non-
imbricating scales lying upon a flexible integument. Analogous, but more
obviously necessary, are the lateral grooves of soft skin or fine scales seen in

220 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

certain anguids, without which respiration would be impossible owing to the
integumentary armament.

Since this memoir was prepared for publication some time ago it behooves
me to comment supplementally on Noble's valuable paper The bonj'- structure
and phyletic relations of Sphaerodactylus and allied lacertilian genera, with the
description of a new genus published in the American museum novitates, 10,
March, 1921, no. 4, p. 1-16, 8 figs.

In this paper Noble gives the results of his studies of the skeletal features
of a number of gekkoid genera made with the aid of cleared preparations. With
one of his conclusion I most heartily agree, namely that the Eublepharidae
constitute an unnatural assemblage and it is evident that the family serves no
useful purpose, being simply an omnium gatherum combining the end results of
several lines of descent not closely related. Thus the family "instead of being
a very ancient group as hitherto believed,. . . may be a very recent assemblage,
even if a conservative one."

Noble derives Sphaerodactylus from a genetic series of which Gonatodes,
Lathrogecko, and Lepidoblepharis represent successive stages of modification.
Various internal characters are cited and illustrated to support the evidence
derived from a comparative study of the digital apices; this is presented very
persuasively and while it may be correct it is by no means certain that too much
stress is not placed upon fortuitous similarity. I believe that often skeletal
modifications are very easily brought about by changes in feeding habits or
through very many other causes and often even \^hat are apparently such
ephemeral features as colour-characters may be very conservative. In other
words the external facies of an organism may offer, within reasonable limits,
better criteria for postulating relationships than certain skeletal features.

Noble's work on the claw-sheaths is very valuable, and while here again it
is possible that similarity maj' not indicate actual phyletic relationship neverthe-
less the probabiUty is very considerable that some such descent has taken place
when this evidence is taken in connection with the internal characters of hyoids
and girdles.

It would be very interesting to know Mr. Noble's views on the connection of
Aristelligcr \^ith this series for it is almost inconceivable that this relationship
is not close. I strongly suspected this genus to be the closest ally of the
sphac redact yls. That no fossils remain to cast light upon the subject is not
surprising in view of the fragility of their bony skeleton.

The sphaerodactyls are preeminently island gekkos and they probably occur

INTRODUCTION. 221

upon nrarly every island in the Caribbean area. They are rare in Mexico and
Central America and the species are few. Of their distribution in northern
South America we know little or nothing. This, considering the collecting which
has been done, indicates that thej" are very rare if not absent.^ The two Trini-
dadian species, molei and buergeri, are very scarce. Indeed, zoologically Trini-
dad is hardly an island, so recent has been its continental connection. No
sphaerodactyls have been fomid in the Leeward group composed of Aruba, Buen
Aire, and Curasao; nor on Margarita nor yet on Old Providence, St. Andrews,
or the Corn Islands, but many of these locations have hardly been touched
herpetologically.

In the Greater Antilles and in the Bahamas as well as in many of the Lesser
Antilles of which we can speak with authority, they fairly swarm. Sphaero--
dactylus argus in Jamaica occurs in every native hut on the Luguanea plain about
Kingston, under every stone wall, under fallen leaves, and dry vegetable trash
in great numbers and other species elsewhere are very common. In general, the
species are confined each to a single island; the exceptions occur mostly in the
Bahamas. Here many of the islands are but recentlj' separated from each other
or human migration may be playing some part. Sphaerodadylus notatus de-
serves special mention. This species, first made known from Key West, occurs
on most of the Bahamas and on Cuba, the very shghtlj^ ^'arying Haitian indi-
viduals have been given a name (difficilis) which is, I think, probably justified.
Whereas it had been usually believed that notatus was of purely fortuitous
occurrence in the city of Key West, further investigation shows that the species
occurs widespread in the Florida Kej^s and upon the mainland in the extreme
southern tip of the peninsula of Florida as well. This beyond doubt, is a definite
case of chance transportal, but whether by human agency or by the action of
wind and wave cannot how be told. Nor is it surprising, for zoogeographers
have been inclined to believe that no weight could be given to evidence based on
the existing dispersal of small gekkonids and scincids. There is very clear e\Ti-
dence among the islands of the Pacific that small lizards of these famiUes have
been carried hither and yon beyond doubt, by the wide-sailing Polynesians. In
the Pacific Islands, however, one finds the same species widely scattered upon
isolated islands distributed far and wide throughout an immense area. The

' Boulenger (Cat. lizards Brit. mus. 1885, 1, p. 224) records a specimen of what lie calls S.fantaslicus
from Caracas. The locality record has never been verified and although the description is in rather vague
terms and there is no indication to show whether Boulenger's description was drawn from this specimen
or not, it nevertheless reads like fantasticus from Guadeloupe. Boulenger's other specimen listed is
from Antigua and is probably eleganlvlus.

222 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

exact reverse is the case in the West Indies and while we are not constrained to
lay any very great stress upon the evidence of Sphaerodactylus as bearing a
relation to the past geographic changes in the region, it is only fair to point out
that the distribution is not at aU haphazard. The species are generally well
defined by long isolation and bear evidence that no frequent interbreeding by
the arrival of fresh stock through flotsam and jetsam has taken place. This is as
evident on little Navassa, for example, where the species population must be
very small, as upon Cuba where it is numberless. It is, therefore, reasonable
and conservative to state that with the exception of notatus (which has obviously
been carried about and by the condition in the Bahamas as yet very incompletely
known), the distribution of the Antillean sphaerodactyls bears no evidence within
itself of being the result of fortuitous dispersal. While sphaerodactyls are not
recorded from certain islands, e.g. Saba, Redonda, Nevis, the Turks and Caicos
Archipelagos, it should be strongly emphasized that these islands are as yet very
imperfectly known and there is no reason to suppose that the genus will not be
found to occur, especially in the northeastern Lesser Antilles.

The majority of the species are found more abundantly upon the coastal
plain of the various islands than in the interior highlands. Dense forest appears
to offer a less suitable environment than open, cultivated, and inhabited lands.
Nevertheless, while collectmg Peripatus near the Cuna Cuna Pass in the Blue
Mountains of Jamaica, I found Sphaerodactylus goniorhynchus abundantly under
rotten logs to the very summit, but neither argus nor richardsonii was ever seen.
Some species have found that human habitations offer so safe and favorable an
environment that now they are rarely seen in other situations. Thus elegans and
cinereus occur in great abundance behind pictures on the wall, behind and in
furniture, in chinks and crannies of walls and wpinscoting and in similar places
far more often, certainly probably in the ratio of one hundred to one as compared
with the number of individuals now living out of doors. The fact that so many
species prefer lowland to highland habitat and some indeed even frequent the
windrows of pebbles and seaweed at high-tide mark, makes it the more remark-
able that all the species are so definitely fixed in their distribution.

Little of interest can be written regarding the habits of creatures which live
such colourless hves. They are, of course, harmless though one cannot persuade
many West Indian natives that this is so. Their beauty of form, of skin, and of
movement is very great. The integument of many species has a peculiar and
beautifully silky quality in life and the eyes of these little creatures gUsten like
tiny jewels. They move about with funny little gliding jerks and pass readily

. INTRODUCTION. 223

over smooth surfaces both perpendicular and overhanging. In coimtry houses
in Cuba they often come to one's reading table creeping daintily to within the
sphere of lamplight to catch httle moths and flying ants. In the British Islands
the name Wood-slave is generally applied ; while in Spanish it is Santa Lucia
upon Porto Rico; and in Cuba, Salamandra, Salamanquita, or Salamanquesa,
all obviously based upon the assumption that there is some relationship with the
Salamander. The tiny elegans is called Salamanquita de la Vii-gen. It has been
suggested that this name is due to the habit of hiding behind pictures on the wall,
and in the country in Cuba the only picture is often of the Virgin. The name
Sabandija is used in the mountains of Oriente and Central Cuba applied to
various species.

Sphaerodactyls seem in general to lay but a single white egg. Rouiid or
slightly oval, it is covered with a hard, brittle chalky shell. The habit of many
species of laying in the old termite galleries of rotten logs as well as in other dark
moist situations would again seem to enhance the ease with which fortuitous
means of transport might act upon the genus. Nevertheless, possibly because
the eggs are delicate and sensitive to salt water or any other disturbance, they
certainly seem most fragile, there is no evidence to be gathered from the dis-
tribution which sets them off from the regular typical West Indian forms. Their
dispersal seems to conform to certain more or less known rules — whether the
reason for this homogeneous dispersal be found in the even action of flotsam and
jetsam bringing all the same immigrants to all the islands as some postulate or in
previous changes in the geographic form and relations of the islands as seems
much more plausible.

A word as to the methods pursued in the body of this revision. Great stress
is laid on the number of dorsal scales which counted along one single row, equal
the distance from the tip of snout to the centre of eye. The best method in
making identifications is to verify the count given in the diagnosis by comparing
and counting the scales in the figure of the dorsal scalation of each species. Thus
the method of making the count can be checked and then applied to an examina-
tion of the particular specimen in hand.

Where there is no occasion to revise or to change the allocations to synonymy
made by Boulenger in the Catalogue of Uzards in the British museum (1885, 1)
no allusion is made to them and they are accepted as proposed. Differences of
opinion and synonyms subsequent to 1885 are given in full.

It has been found extremely difficult to find stable characters, many of
those given in the specific descriptions, although their inclusion is sanctioned by

224 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

time-honored usage have no diagnogtic value whatsoever. The median groove
in the rostral, the superciliar j' spine for instance are really generic and not specific
characters yet their mention in specific descriptions has always been customary.
The conditions in the supralabial series are so variable that no reliance can be
placed on characters apparent there. So also, though in a less degree, the
nimiber and shape of the scales separating each supranasal from its fellow of the
opposite side, is subject to much variation. The shape of head and body is
useful to observe, although the tail varies widelj' in proportion to the bodj'-length.
Still it is generally longer and much more slender m females than in males. The
best characters are to be found in the size, form, and arrangement of the scales of
both the dorsal and ventral surfaces. Colour also as becomes daily more evident,
is of far more value in diagnosis than has previously been supposed. Many
features of pattern are strongly fixed. Lines may break up into series of spots ;
these may be manj^ or few or the whole series may be absent but even a remnant
is Ukely to be verj- definitely located with reference to the original complete
pattern. Thus also markings, such as the spectacles so often seen on scapular
or sacral regions, may or may not be present but if present their location is not
haphazard, but is very distinctly fixed. The brilliantly cross-banded species
occur in the Greater Antilles and Bahamas and curiously enough are found
among the two extremes of the genus. They are either species with tiny granular
scales or with enormous tectiform dorsals and among these two divergent groups
sex-linked dichromatism has become well established. There are probably
many more sex-Unked colour-characters than are now recognized. Their dis-
covery will further reduce the range of apparently fortuitous variability of each
species.

It is a somewhat surprising fact to observe how close is the correspondence
between the distance from the tip of snout to the ear and the length of the fore
Umb. If the first distance is longer than usual so also the fore limb is likewise
long. Whether this fact has any special significance does not appear. There
may be some relation between the length of the arm and a corresponding head-
length which makes more convenient the picking of small objects from the ground
with the mouth or by using the thick fleshy and only slightly extensible tongue.
While one occasionally sees a sphaerodactyl struggling to subdue a little moth,
its wings flapping a most inconvenient if ineffectual protest, it is far more com-
mon to find them eating ants. Little ants swarm in houses in the tropics as
everyone who has lived there knows to his sorrow, and this maj' in some degree
account for the lizards frequenting houses too. Ants creeping over smooth

INTRODUCTION. 225

walls and floors are more easily caught even if not more abundant than when
they have to be picked out from among the small pebbles and grass-blades of
out-of-doors where they may hide so easily. It is at least as hard for the little
sphaerodactyl to force its way through standing grass in quest of its prey as it is
for a man to push his way through a bamboo thicket after a larger quarry. So
ants coming into houses, the appearance of the Hzards is a natural sequel. As
for enemies they probably have but few, therefore one wonders why they do not
fairly swarm. It is entirely possible that the abundant and bold predacious
arachnids which also favour houses as temporary dwelling places, may make
away with them. The great hairy spiders, Aviculariidae, are held in certain
awe by all small wanderers whether warm or cold blooded.

Key to the Species.

A' Dorsals granular.

a' Dorsal scales granular, not sharply keeled,
b' Granules enlarged upon the flanks.

c' Distinctly enlarged, 9 cross-banded, cf unicolor with yellow tail . decoratui
c' Granules of flanks slightly enlarged.

d' Usuallj' heavily spotted, head deep, short, snout obtuse . . . gibbus
d- cf usually faintly and 9 usually conspicuously cross-banded,

head usually more pointed, snout generally acute torrei

h'' Granules homogeneous.

c' Granules very small, about 25 equal distance of tip of snout from

centre of ej'e, tail coral-red in life, body sharply cross-banded . . . elegans
Q? Granules larger, about 18 in equal distance.

d' Scales of vertex very small, of snout large and flat, colour finely

speckled, vermiculations on head and neck cinereus

d? Scales of head less differentiated, habit slender, usually cross-

bauded on head and shoulders only ' . . . intermedium

3? Dorsal scales granular, and keeled.

b' Granules very small, 2.3 or 24 in standard distance, size large, body stout . pacificas
b^ Granules larger.

c' Snout rather acute, longitudinal white stripes on head and body,

about 20 granules in standard distance mold

c- Snout rounded, usually fine longitudinal dark streaks on head and

neck, about 21 or 22 granules in standard distance lineolatus

A' Dorsals imbricate.

a' No differentiated middorsal zone.

b' Dorsals small imbricate smooth glaucus

b^ Dorsals keeled.

e' Keeled and small 9-15 in standard distance.

d' Scales weakly keeled about 9 in standard distance, head slender,

markings usually longitudinal difficilis

d- Scales strongly keeled, smaller.

e' Dorsals about 14 or lo in standard distance.

f Dorsals distinctly broad festus

P Dorsals elongate.

g" Ventrals keeled goniorhynchus

g- Ventrals smooth.

h' Head long, depressed pointed, a spectacle

mark on sacrum, body spotted oxyrrhinus

226 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

h' Snout rounded, head short (normal), no dis-

tinrtive colour-pattern argivus

e' Dorsals about 10 or 12 in standard distance.

f Dorsals about 12, supranasals small, separated usually

by four scales about their own size nigra punetalus

P Supranasals large, normal, separated by one or two
small scales.

g' Heavily striped along back and sides, dorsal stripe

bifurcating on head bucrgeri

g' Spotted not striped.

h' A creseentic groove on each side of rostral

median groove argus

h' No lateral grooves on rostral corticolus

c' Dorsals keeled and larger, no differentiated middorsal zone,
d' Very large, four to seven scales in standard distance.

e' Only four in standard distance, head swollen; but body

small with collar, light coloured gilvitorques

e' Five or more scales in standard distance.

f ' Five scales, species very large, strikingly cross-banded . richardsonii
P More than five scales.

g' Scales of chest keeled, of belly smooth .... macrolepis
h' Dorsals weakly keeled 6-7 in standard dis-
tance eisiil

h^ Dorsals strongly keeled, 7 in standard dis-
tance notalus

a' Scales keeled and imbricate but the scales of middorsal region smaller than
those of flanks,
b' A middorsal zone of tiny granules.

c' Large dorsals about 6 in standard distance.

d' The large keeled tectiform scales reaching far forward on neck,

nearly to head anthracimis

d- The large keeled dorsals not reaching so far.

e' Reaching just to the lower neck copei

e^ Reaching to scapular region only scaber

c' Large dorsals more than 6 in standard distance.

d' Large dorsals about 7-8 in standard distance ventrals weakly

keeled faniaslicue

d? Large dorsals about 9-10 in standard distance.

e' Dorsals rather weakly keeled, about 0 in standard distance,

granular zone only well developed posteriorly, sjiotted . . pidus
e^ Dorsals strongly keeled about 10 in standard distance.

f Colour uniform except for dorsals scales having dark

edgings, giving reticulate appearance becH

P Colour mottled or cross-barred, loreals excessively small spulator
b^ Middorsal zone composed of scales more or less distinctly reduced in size
but not conspicuously granular as in b'.

c' Largest dorsals about 7 to 13 in standard distance.

d' About 12-13 of the larger .scales in standard distance.

e' Scales of belly keeled . . . .• microlepis

e- Scales of belly smooth.

P Scales of upper (anterior) part of nock keeled, a very
few in 9 , more in cf ; latter uniform iron-gray, former

pepper and salt colour, young cross-banded eleganiulus

P Most of the neck scales strongly keeled; a bifurcating

light mark at root of tail vincenti

d' Dorsals and laterals rather uneven in size, about 7 of largest
laterals and 10-11 middursals in standard distance; a few small
scales intermixed with the largest monilifcr

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES.

1. Sphaerodactylus decoratus Garman.

Plate 1, fig. 1; Plate 10, fig. 1-4.

Sphaerodactylus decoratus Garman, Bull. Es.sex inst., 1888, 20, p. 111.
Sphaerodactylus fiai'icaudus Barbour, Bull. M. C. Z., 1904, 46, p. 56.'

Type-locality: — Rum Cay, Bahamas.

Type: — M. C. Z. 6,220; a single young specimen, now somewhat dried,
C. J. Maynard.

Distribution: — Probably widespread in the Bahamas, for it is known from
Mangrove Cay, Andros Island and New Providence Island, in addition to the
type-locality.

Diagnosis: — Slender, medium sized, with small granular dorsals about
seventeen equalling distance of tip of snout from centre of eye; on the sides
these are enlarged and show a tendency to become keeled but they do not imbri-
cate; upper head-scales very small; four large supralabials bordered above by
about fourteen small scales of the basal loreal row.

Description: — M. C. Z. 13,564. Bahamas: Andros Island. Head narrow,
snout acute; the distance from tip of snout to eye being about twice, or a little
less, the diameter of the eye; rostral large with a median cleft; nostril between
rostral, first upper labial, a large supranasal and two scales one distinctly en-
larged; supranasals separated by one tiny scale adjoining the rostral; four
large supralabials followed by a small labial below centre of the eye; the usual
superciliary spine present but small and ill-developed ; top of head covered with
tiny rounded granular scales, sUghtly larger and flatter on the snout and loreal
region; back with tiny granules hardly larger than those in the head about
seventeen or eighteen equalling the distance of tip of snout from the centre of the
eye ; the lateral granules are somewhat enlarged but generally similar in charac-
ter; scales of limbs very small except those on anterior face of thigh which are
round and slightly imbricating; scales of throat very small those of postmental
region much enlarged; scales of tail round, in whorls, imbricating; an enlarged
subcaudal series; mental large followed by two scales.

Colour: — Male. Pale cream, the skin showing darker between the scales

' Tj-pes: — 1\I. C. Z. 6,953. Bahamas: Andros Island, Mangrove Cay. 1-7 August, 1904. Owen
Bryant. 19 Cotypes.

228 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

so that very close examination reveals a fine reticulate appearance, tail j-ellow.
Colour singularly unvarying (Field notes). These males were the types of S.
flavicaudus Barbour.

Colour: — Female. Brilliantly cross-banded with pairs of wavy cross-bars;
the nuchal band usually very wide and dark and including a pair of white spots.
Tail boldly ringed with black and white.

Dimensions: — Tip of snout to vent 30 mm.

Vent to tip of tail 26 mm.

Greatest width of head 6 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 7 . 5 mm.

Fore leg 8 mm.

Hind leg lOmm.

Remarks: — I had supposed that decoratus and flavicaudus were distinct
species. I had long known that they were very similar in squamation, I find now,
however, that some specimens of each type are absolutely the same in squama-
tion. The colour shows a sex-linked dichromatism such as is so conspicuous in
picturatus, scaber and perhaps many other species of which now we only know
one sex or the other. It may be looked for in anthracinus for example.

The species is rare on New Providence where only the banded females have
been taken, so also on Rum Cay. Mr. Owen Bryant, however, found both sexes
common in chinks and crannies of walls and houses at Mangrove Cay, Andros
Island. In 1911 Dr. Rosen (Lunds univ. arsskrift, 1911, n. f. sers. 2, 7, no. 5,
p. 27) recorded its presence at Mastic Point also in Andros Island. Otherwise,
it has not appeared in the literature. Its origin is probably to be traced to the
Cuban torrei or to the immediate ancestors of that species.

2. Sphaerodactylus gibbus, sp. nov.
Plate 1, fig. 2; Plate 10, fig. 5-8.

Type-locality: — Stocky Island, Exuma Caj's, Bahama Islands.

Types.— Type. M. C. Z. 13,436; Paratypes M. C. Z. 13,435, 13,437.
C. J. Maynard.

Distribution : — The Exuma Cays. INIaynard found it on Stocky Island and
on a small Cay opposite Roseville, Exuma Island.

Diagnosis: — Heavily built, stocky, coarsely spotted with large dots; the

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 229

entire body covered with granules, the dorsals small rounded and tubercular,
not keeled; the granules of the flanks slightly enlarged.

Description: — Type. M. C. Z. 13,436. Snout short and broad, not de-
pressed but sharply declivous; eye slightly nearer tip of snout than ear; rostral
moderate with a median groove; nostril between rostral, first supralabial, a large
supranasal and one other scale ; the supranasal of each side being separated from
its fellow by a single median scale which fits in part into a reentrant in the poste-
rior border of the rostral ; third large supranasal extending well under eye ; super-
ciliary spine well developed; head above and on sides covered with small round
granules but slightly enlarged on the snout; considerably enlarged and flattened
on loreal region; dorsal granules similar, somewhat larger but less in size than
those of flanks; about sixteen middorsal granules equal the distance from tip of
snout to centre of eye; mental large, much larger than rostral; two large post-
mentals followed by a few enlarged chin-shields; three large infralabials, suture
between third and fourth (a small one) about beneath the centre of the eye;
granules of throat very small, changing abruptly on posterior gular region to the
roundish, flat, imbricate, smooth, ventrals; tail with fine small scales, not in
conspicuous whorls, scales of imder surface enlarged but apparently not to form
the large transverse plates so often seen.

Colour: — Light reddish brown with large coarse dots of darker brown.
Belly pale ashy gray. In some cases the spots are wholly wanting.

Dimensions: — Tip of snout to vent 32 mm.

Vent to tip of tail 27 -|-mm.

Greatest width of head 6 . 2 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 9 mm.

Foreleg 8.5 mm.

Hind leg 10 mm.

Remarks: — This species is known only from the three specimens before me
from the Exuma Cays. In habit and general appearance it is most like pacificus
but the granules are very different in character and size.

Since writing the above Mr. C. T. Ranisden has shown me two spotted
sphaerodactyls from Cuba(l from Santiago, the other from Guantanamo) which
in habit and squamation decidedly recall torrei. They differ, however, so widely
in colouration that I have decided to let gihhus stand as a full species until torrei
is shown to vary suflficiently to include it.

230 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

3. Sphaerodactylus torrei Barbour.
Plate 2, fig. 1, 2; Plate 11, fig. 1-4.

Sphaerodaclyhis torrei Barbour, Mem. M. C. Z., 1914, 44, p. 260.

Sphaerodactylus sjndator Boulenger {non Sparrman), Cat. lizards Brit, mus., 188.5, 1, p. 219 et auct.

Type-locality: — Santiago, Oriente, Cuba.

Types: — Type. M. C. Z. 6,916; two Paratypes Wirt Robinson. Para-
types M. C. Z. 8,508 Guantanamo, C. T. Ransden. M. C. Z. 8,510 Cabo Cruz,
Cuba, Thomas Barbour.

Distribution: — Common in Eastern Cuba. Found in houses and in the
woods to the higher altitudes of the Sierra Maestra. Dr. G. M. Allen collected a
single specimen in Thomazeau, Haiti.

Diagnosis: — Short tailed, stocky, the females conspicuously banded, the
males often uniform brown; scales granular about eighteen equalling distance of
tip of snout to centre of eye.

Description: — M. C. Z. 8,510. Snout sometimes short and rather rounded,
occasionally more acute ; the distance from the tip of the snout to the eye being
slightly greater than the distance between the eye and ear; rostral large with a
median cleft behmd; nostril between rostral, first labial, two or three small
nasals and a rather large supranasal, which is separated from its fellow on the
opposite side by a somewhat smaller roughly hexagonal scale, the three bordering
the rostral above ; four large or four large and one small, supralabials to below
the centre of the eye ; a spine on the superciliary margin above the centre of the
eye; head above and on sides covered with fine granular scales, larger and flat
upon the snout ; scales of back all tiny round granules, about eighteen to twenty
of which equal the distance from tip of snout to imddle of eye ; mental larger than
rostral; two very large infralabials followed by two smaller ones to below the
centre of the eye; two squarish, slightly elongate chin-shields behmd the mental
followed by some enlarged flat scales which grow smaller and pass gradually
into the tmy scales of the midgular region; scales of chest and belly, rounded,
flat and imbricate; scales of limbs and tail smaller than ventrals, smooth and
imbricating; some subcaudals greatly enlarged.

Colour: — Females are grayish or light brown with varying cross-bands.
These may be clearly defined with dark edges and pairs of white spots or they
may appear simply as darker rather ill-defined, dusky transverse zones. Male
specimens are uniform gray-brown or very faintly barred.

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 231

Dimensions:— M. C. Z. 8,508. Total length 55 mm.

Tip of snout to vent 29 mm.

Vent to tip of tail 26 mm.

Greatest -nidth of head 5 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 7 . 5 mm.

Fore leg 6.5 nam.

Hindleg 9 mm.

Remarks: — This species is very rare if it occurs at all outside of Oriente
Province in Cuba. It is not especially rare there. It occurs in houses and imder
rocks and rubbish about the coastal plain; Cabo Cruz, Santiago, and Guanta-
namo. I have not seen it in the Sierra Maestra nor in the mountains about
Guantanamo. There is, however, only this rather imperfect inference as to its
being really confined to the lowlands.

4. Sphaerodactylus elegans MacLeay.
Plate 2, fig. 3; Plate 11, fig. 5-8.

Sphaeriodaclijlus elegans MacLeay, Proc. Zool. soc, London, 1834, p. 12.
Sphaerodactylus elegans Stejneger, Proc. U. S. N. M., 1917, 53, p. 266.

Type-locality: — Cuba, probably Guanabacoa.^

Types: — There is no published evidence that the types are still in existence.

Distribution: — Western and Central Cuba, the Island of Pines, and Mom-
ance, Haiti.

Diagnosis: — Tiny, slender, with very minute granular scales of which about
twenty-four or twenty-five are equal to the distance of the tip of the snout from
the centre of the ej'^e; only about six scales between nostril and the Une of the
suture between third and fourth supralabial. Colour always brilUantly cross-
banded, tail coral-red below.

Description: — Adult M. C. Z. 7,921. Cuba: San Diego de los Banos, April,
1912. Thomas Barbour.

Snout rather pointed, the distance from the eye being about equal to the
distaoce of the latter from the ear-opening; rostral rather large with a long
median cleft behind; nostril between the rostral, first supralabial, a small post-

' For a notice of MacLeay's life in Cuba cf. Mario Sanchez, Mem. Soc. Cubana hist. nat. "Fehpe
Poey," 1916, ser. 2, 2, p. 73).

232 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

nasal and a distinctly larger supranasal which is separated from its fellow on the
opposite side by a single median scale not very much smaller than one of the
supranasals, these three scales border the rostral above; four large supralabials,
on one side the third is divided, a common occurrence, the fourth supralabial
below the centre of the eye ; a spine on the superciliary margin above the centre
of the eye; head above and on the sides covered with minute granular scales,
sUghtly larger and flatter on the snout ; scales of back very minute and granular ;
mental larger than rostral; two large and one small infralabial to below the
centre of the eye; head above and on the sides covered with minute granular
scales, slightly larger and flatter on the snout; scales of back very minute and
granular; mental larger than rostral; two large and one small infralabial to
below the centre of the eye ; two small pentagonal chin-shields bordering mental
between the large first infralabials followed by smaller flat scales which decrease
in size and become extremely small on middle of throat; scales of chest and belly
small, rounded, slightly imbricate ; scales on upper surface of tail granular, below
flatter with a median series of enlarged flat transverse plates.

Colour (in Ufe) : — Slaty gray above, rather Ught in tone; the head with two
narrow bands between the eyes of much darker slate, the nape with two, the
neck with two, and the body between fore and hind limbs with six cross-bands.
On the tail there are five bands but the three hinder ones are simply spots. The
distal three fifths of the tail is unmarked. The tail distally where unhanded, and
wholly below, is rosy red. The belly is pinkish gray. The bands on the head
extend to the chin but do not quite meet.

Dimensions: — Total length 3-4 mm.

Tip of snout to vent 17 mm.

Vent to tip of tail 17 mm.

Greatest width of head 4 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 4 . 5 mm.

Fore limb] 5 . 5 mm.

Hind limb 6 . 5 mm.

Remarks: — The most beautiful member of the genus and the smallest
lizard in the world. Common in houses it is so extremely small and so retiring
in its habits that securing a series is no easy task. It is rarely seen out of doors,
but its minute size may also in part account for this.

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 233

5. Sphaerodactylus cinereus Wagler.
Plate 2, fig. 4; Plate 12, fig. 1-4.

Sphaeriodactylus cinereus Wagler, Syst. Amph., 1830, p. 143 (based on Lac^p^de's spulateur).
Sphaerodactyhis alopex Cope, Proc. Acad. nat. sci. Phil., 1861, p. 449.'
Sphaerodactylus punctatissimus Boulenger, Cat. lizards, Brit, mus., 1885, 1, p. 220.
Sphaerodactylus oxyrrhhtus Fischer {non Gosse), Bericht. Naturh. mus. Hamburg, 1888, 1887, p. 23.
Sphaeriodactylus argus Gundlach {non Gosse), Erp. Cubana, 1880, p. 59.
Sphaerodactylus cinereus Stejneger, Proc. U. S. N. M., 1917, 63, p. 266.

Type-locality: — Haiti.

Types: — Museum Hist. Nat. Paris?

Distribution: — Common in Western and Central Cuba much less so in the
Eastern province, Oriente. It seems also to be uncommon in Haiti and the
Island of Pines.

Diagnosis: — Large, the dorsal scales being small, granular and round;
about eighteen equalUng the distance from tip of snout to centre of eye; scales
on upper surface of snout enlarged and plate like, those between orbits exces-
sively small. No conspicuous colour-pattern.

Description: — Adult M. C. Z. 7,916. Cuba: San Diego de los Banos,
April, 1912. Thomas Barbour.

Snout rather flat and pointed, the distance from the tip to the eye being
slightly longer than the distance from the eye to the ear-opening ; nostril between
rostral, first supralabial, a single small postnasal and a much larger supranasal
which is separated from its fellow on the opposite side by a single much smaller
median scale, these three bordering the rostral above; four large supralabials
to the centre of the eye; a spine on the superciliary margin over the centre of
the eye; head above and on sides covered with very fine granules those of the
snout much enlarged and flattened; scales on back small and granular, about
eighteen equalling the distance of tip of snout to centre of eye; mental large,
larger than rostral; two large and one small roughly pentagonal chin-shields
which are followed by flat, pavement-like scales which pass gradually into tiny
round scales of the middle throat; beUy with enlarged, smooth, roimded imbri-
cate scales; tail with smooth, round imbricating scales above and below, also a
series of wide plates below on the median line.

Colour (in life): — Uniform gray, lighter below; above finely punctate with
white, streaked with fine white lines on side of head and neck. In some specimens
the white appears as distinct vermiculations on the head and anterior body-

»Types: — M.C.Z. 3,343. Haiti: Grand Ansa River. D. F. Weinland. 4CQtj'pes.

234 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

regions; again the vermiculations may appear to be dark upon a light ground-
colour; there is considerable variation. Never, however, has any tendency to
cross-banding been observed, the striping is invariably longitudinal.

Dimensions: — Total length 76 mm.

Tip of snout to vent 35 nun.

Vent to tip of tail 41 mm.

Greatest width of head 6 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 9 mm.

Fore limb 10 mm.

Hind limb 11 mm.

Remarks: — A common, perhaps the commonest of the house-inhabiting
members of the genus. It becomes quite tame and fearless and its smooth
satin-like skin make it extremely attractive to observe. It is the only one of the
large members of the genus which does not have much enlarged, imbricating
scales. The flat depressed snout and forehead are quite characteristic, as is the
beautiful dove-gray colouration, either finely punctate or with short vermiculate
longitudinal markings.

For years I have searched in vain for the young of this species. I have
never found the freshly emerged. Therefore, and not without reason, I felt that
possibly elegans might represent the young of cinereus; until finally in the woods
of the high Sierra Maestra at a tiny mountain hamlet called Pozo Prieto de los
Negros en Jiguanf, I found a half-grown individual. This, with two adults
found in the dark high forest near by, was coloured very differently from the
great store of adults I had found in houses in many places. They were darker
and the scattered white spots had distinct dark borders so that all three were
speckled with many fine ocelli. They may represent a local race. Anyw'ay the
type of colouring is one often assumed by forest -living forms, as witness Lepi-
dophyma. I once thought that nigropunclatus was the species which Gundlach
confused with the Jamaican argus but I am now convinced it was this eastern
forest-loving cinereus which he had.

The name cinereus has commonly been ascribed to MacLeay, P. Z. S., 1834
p. 12. This, however, is not correct. Dr. Stejneger calls my attention to the
fact that Wagler recognized that Lac^pede's sputateur was a composite species
and he leaves the "Gecko sputateur d bandes" as S. sputator Sparrmann (now
S. copei) while Wagler names the plain coloiired specimen figured by Lacepede,
Quad. Ovip., 1788, 1, pi. 28, fig. 1, Sphaerodactylus cinereus.

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 235

6. Sphaerodactylus intermedius Barbour & Ramsden.
Plate 1, fig. 5; Plate 12, fig. 5-8.

Sphaerodactylus intermedius Barbour and Ramsden, Mem. M. C. Z., 1919, 47, p. 211.

Type-locality: — The Sierra de Hato Nuevo between Hato Nuevo (Marti)
and Sabanilla de la Palma in the northwestern portion of Matanzas Province,
Cuba.

Types.— Type. M. C. Z. 12,305; Paratype M. C. Z. 13,726. Thomas
Barbour.

Distribution: — The type-locality.

Diagnosis: — Slender, rather small, with tiny granular dorsals about eighteen
equalling distance of tip of snout from centre of eye ; chin-shields of front mental
area much enlarged; supralabials small, fifth under centre of eye.

Description: — Type. Snout rather long; moderately declivous; rather
acute ; the distance from the tip of snout to the eye being slightly greater than
from eye to ear; rostral large with a long median cleft behind; nostril between
rostral, first upper labial and with two or three postnasals and an enlarged
supranasal which is separated from its fellow on the opposite side by two scales
in holotype, one in paratype; four large and one small supralabial to below the
centre of the eye ; a very feebly developed spine on the upper eyehd; head above
and on sides covered with fine granular scales, enlarged on the snout; scales of
back round, juxtaposed, also granular; about 18 or 19 scales in a single straight
series of dorsals in the distance from tip of snout to eye ; mental large, two post-
mentals; one very large, one medium and two small infralabials to below the centre
of the eye ; scales of chin and anterior chest-region very small, flat, nonimbri-
cating, belly-scales larger, round, flat, imbricatuig; no regular series of enlarged
scales under the slender tail which is covered with circular series of rounded,
shghtly imbricating flat scales.

Colour (of fresh specimens) : — Body uniform brown, tail brown at base
fading into dirty yellow distally, tip pure white. A whitish horse-shoe mark from
eye around the occiput followed by a pair of black bands separated by a dirty
white area ; then a duskier zone followed by another similar pair of dark bands
separated by a lighter region. A very faint suggestion of another pair of dark
bands in the humeral region but the remainder of the body rather uniform in
colour, except for a few short dusky spots and some transverse series, very short,
of extremely minute ivory-white dots.

236 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

Dimensions: — Total length 43 mm.

Tip of snout to vent 22 mm.

Vent to tip of tail 21 mm.

Width of head 4 mm.

Fore leg 6 mm.

Hind leg 8 mm.

Remarks: — The only two specimens of this lizard which I have ever seen
are the two types discussed. They were found the same day vmder loose stones
on a dry, rather open, scrubby, hillside pasture. This species is more slender
than torrei and is much larger with a less acuminate snout than elegans; it differs
likewise in colouration. The two specimens in hand are exactly alike in pattern.

7. Sphaeeodactylus pacificus Stejneger.
Plate 1, fig. 3; Plate 13, fig. 1^.

Sphaerodactylus pacificus Stejneger, Proc. Biol. soc. Wash., 1903, 16, p. 3.

Type-locality: — Cocos Island, western coast of Costa Rica.

Types:— Type. U. S. N. M. 31,057, P. Biolley. Four Paratypes.

Distribution: — The type-locality.

Diagnosis: — Large, very stockily-built, with tiny keeled granular dorsals
about twenty-three or twenty-four of which equal the distance between tip of
snout and centre of eye; having two scales separating the large supranasals
and anterior to this pair a single small scale wedged in the posterior cleft of the
rostral. Ear-opening horizontal.

Description:— Faratyfe (U. S. N. M. 31,058). M. C. Z. 13,727. Snout
not conspicuously pointed, a little longer than distance from eye to car, about
once and two thirds the diameter of eye; nostril small between rostral, first
labial, a large supranasal, and one or two very small scales; rostral large, cleft
above, the cleft including the small scale anterior to the pair separating the
supranasals; four supralabials to below centre of the eye; the usual supraorbital
spine present; top of head covered with small keeled granules some\\hat larger
and flatter on the anterior portion of the snout; back covered with minute
keeled, granular scales which .show a slight tendency to imbricate ; about twenty-
three or twenty-four equalUng distance of tip of snout from the centre of the eye;
ventrals enlarged and imbricate; tail cylindrical, tapering, covered above with
irregular flat pavement-like scales smaller than ventrals; tail without median

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 237

transversely dilated shields on its ventral surface (fide Stejneger these are present
in the type).

Colour: — Light brown; head and body with longitudinal darker and lighter
wavy bands.

Dimensions: — Adult Type (after Stejneger).

Tip of snout to vent 47 mm.

Vent to tip of tail 35 mm.

Greatest width of head 6 . 5 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 11 mm.

Fore leg 14 mm.

Hind leg 18 mm.

Remarks: — An ally of S. lineolatus from which it may be distinguished in
size, bulkier form, different colouration, different postrostral squamation, and
smaller and more conspicuously keeled scales on top of the head.

8. Sphaerodactylus molei Boettger.
Plate 1, fig. 4; Plate 13, fig. 5-8.

Sphaerodactylus molei Boettger, Journ. Trinidad field nat. club, 1894, 2, p. 80.

Type-locality: — Caparo, Trinidad.

Type: — Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort am Main. R. R. Mole.

Distribution: — Lowlands and high forests of Trinidad where it seems to be
decidedly rare.

Diagnosis: — Small, generally with a pair of longitudinal white stripes on the
body, with fine keeled granules on the body about twenty of which equal the
distance from tip of snout to centre of eye.

Description:— M. C.Z. 12,055. Trinidad: Guiaco. H.L.Clark. Snout
long and narrow, depressed; eye nearer ear than tip of snout; rostral large with
median groove; nostril between rostral, first supralabial, a large round supra-
nasal and three small scales; fourth large labial below centre of eye; super-
ciliary spine present; head above and on sides covered with small round scales
on hinder part and anteriorly with elongate, weakly keeled, rather flat, nonim-
bricating scales, larger on snout; scales of back very small, keeled, nonimbri-
cating granules, about twenty of which equal the distance of tip of snout from
centre of eye; mental large, fourth infralabial below centre of eye; scales be-
tween two anterior infralabials considerably enlarged, four bordering mental

238 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

posteriorly; scales of throat very small, increasing until the belly-scales are
reached which are well enlarged, smooth, round, and imbricating; tail repro-
duced.

Colour: — Light grayish brown with two conspicuous white bands beginning
on the snout passing along each canthus and down each side of the body and out
on the tail. Lower surfaces white. The white lines are very conspicuous on
head and neck but become very faint on the body in M. C. Z. 8,993, from Arima,
Trinidad, R. Thaxter.

Dimensions: — Tip of snout to vent 25 mm.

Vent to tip of tail ?

Greatest width of head 3 . 75 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 7 mm.

Fore leg 5 mm.

Hind leg 7.5 mm.

Remarks: — I have no information as to the habits of this species. The
three specimens which have reached the Museiun, the only ones obtained by
such diligent collectors as Prof. Roland Thaxter and Dr. H. L. Clark, were all
found in heavy forest. Dr. Ruthven has recently received this species from
British Guiana.

9. SPHAERODACTYLUS LiNEOLATUS Lichtenstein.
Plate 4, fig. 1, 2; Plate 14, fig. 1^.

Sphaerodactylus casicolus Cope, Proc. Acad. nat. sci. Phil., 1861, p. 499.'
Sphaerodactyliis inornatus Peters, Monatsb. Akad. wis.s. Berlin, 1873, p. 738.^
Sphaerodaclijlus homolepis Cope, Proc. Amer. philos. soc., 1886, 23, p. 277.'

Type-locality: — Veragoa (sic). Veragua, Republic of Panama.

Types: — Berlin Museum, three cotypes.

Distribution: — Lower Central America, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica,
and Panama.

Diagnosis: — Medium size, with very small, juxtaposed, keeled, granular
dorsal scales, about twenty-one or twenty-two equalling distance of tip of snout
from centre of eye ; supranasals very large ; scales of snout distinctly larger than
those of interorbit.

'Types: lost. Truando region, Colombia.
* Type: Berlin Mus. 4,589. Mexico. Uhde Coll.

'T>-pe: — U. S. N. M. 14,207. Nicaragua. J. N. Bransford. A very young specimen, absolutely
dry.

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 239

Description: — M. C. Z. 10,937. Panama Bay: Saboga Island, 1904.
W. W. Brown. Snout medium and rounded; eye nearer tip of snout than ear;
rostral moderate with median groove; nostril between rostral, first supralabial,
a large supranasal and one small scale; a single scale separating the supranasals
of each side (sometimes the supranasals are separated by a linear series of small
scales) fifth supralabial below the centre of the eye; superciliary spine present;
head above and on sides covered with small, juxtaposed, swollen granules, those
of snout much larger and flatter, scales of back extremely small, juxtaposed
granules, the centre of each swollen into what might be considered a keel, about
twenty-one or twenty-two equalling the distance between the tip of snout and
centre of the eye, mental large, several distinctly enlarged postmentals, gular
scales small, roundish, juxtaposed; scales of belly much larger than gulars or
dorsals, smooth, very slightly imbricate; scales of limbs enlarged, smooth or
very feebly keeled, distinctly imbricate; scales of tail, small, flat not forming
distinct whorls, enlarged plates below.

Colour: — Yoimg with bold cross-bars as follows: — one across neck, one
just behind insertion of fore limbs, one broken on midbody region, one lumbar
and four on tail. Adults often dotted with dark brown on a hght brown ground.
The dots usually in lines. The head and neck is frequently vermiculated with
white lines. Some specimens are uniform brown without any marking what-
ever.

Dimensions :— Tip of snout to vent 29 mm.

Vent to tip of tail ?

Greatest width of head 5.5 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 8 mm.

Fore limb 7.5 mm.

Hind limb 8.5 mm.

Remarks: — This species shows very marked variation in colour, some of the
phases may be correlated with locality but our material does not show this.
Since the other Central American form, glaucus, has enlarged, smooth, imbricate
dorsals there does not seem to be any question but that the animal in hand is
really Lichtenstein's lineolatus in view of the type-locality and the description,
" Squamis dorsi aequilibus, granularibus. Rufescens, capite supra linea mediana
et utrinque tribus lateralibus nigricantibus ornato dorso fusco-vermiculato.
Long, a rostro ad caud. bas. H" caud. IV ".

This species seems to range widely through Lower Central America while

240 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

glaucus is more northern in its range. Both species are known, however, from
Guatemala. Peters's type of inornatus, apparently a synonym of this species,
is said to have come from Mexico, far from the known range of lineolatus. It is
more probable that the locality is incorrect than that Peters so noted for his
precise and careful observing would have missed the peculiar dorsal squamation
of glaucus.

10. Sphaerodactylus glaucus Cope.
Plate 14, fig. 5-8.

Sphaerodaclyhis j^rijcus Cope, Proc. Acad. nat. sci. Phil., 186.5, p. 192.

Sphaerodactylus torqualus Strauoh, Mem. Acad. .sci. St. Petersb., 1887, .ser. 7, 35, p. 35.'

t Sphaerodactylus argus continenlalis Werner, Verh. Zool.-bot. ges. Wien, 1896, 46, p. 345.'

1 Sphaerodactylus argus Meerwarth (non Gosse), Mittl. Naturh. mus. Hamburg, 1900, 18, p. 19.'

Type-locality: — Near Merida, Yucatan, .\rthur Schott.

Types: — U. S. N. M. 6,572 three Cotypes, one perfect from which the de-
scription was evidently dra^Ti: one Cotype M. C. Z. 13,570.*

Distribution: — Apparently characteristic of Mexico and Upper Central
America, as lineolatus is of Lower Central America. A conspicuous exception
being the fact that the type of Peter's inornatus which seems referable to lineo-
latus as a synonym was said to have come from Mexico, possibly through some
metathesis of data.

Diagnosis: — Rather small, slender, narrow headed, with small, smooth,
imbricate dorsals and with no granular middorsal zone.

Description:— CoTYFE M. C. Z. 13,570 (U. S. N. M. 6,572, part). Snout
rather short not conspicuously depressed nor acute; eye slightly nearer tip of
snout than ear-opening; rostral rather small with a median groove; nostril
between rostral, a rather small supranasal and two small scales one occluding the
nostril from the first supralabial; the supranasal of each side separated from its
fellow of the opposite side by a single small scale; the suture between the third
(large) and fourth (a very small) supralabial under the centre of the ej'e; super-
ciliary spine present; head above and on sides covered with small, roundish
granular or very slightly imbricating almost smooth scales those on snout some-
what enlarged; scales of back slightly enlarged, smooth, imbricate about fourteen

'Types: — Petrograd Mus. Mazatlan, Mex. 1871. Salmin. 3 Cotypes.
'Types: — Petrograd Mus. Honduras.

'Type: — Hamburg Mus. 1,733a. Costa Rica. Nepperschmidt.

* Three badly macerated specimens Academy nat. sci. Phila., 7,563-7,505 Machuca, Nicaragua,
J. N. Bransford, are not types.

25

mm

?

4

mm

7

mm

7

mm,

8.5

mm,

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 241

equalling the distance from tip of snout to centre of eye; mental much larger
than rostral; two slightly enlarged postmentals and a few chin-shields slightly
enlarged; ventrals smooth, imbricate, rounded, slightly larger than dorsals;
scales of limbs rather similar to scales of body.

Colour: — Pale gray, no markings. The specimens examined are evidently
badly bleached.

Dimensions: — Tip of snout to vent
Vent to tip of tail
Greatest width of head
Tip of snout to ear
Fore leg
Hind leg

Remarks: — As to the habits or occurrence in life of this species nothing is
known. It appears in so very few of the many collections made in Mexico and
Central America that it must be very rare. Dr. L. J. Cole made a very extensive
collection of reptiles in Yucatan for this Museum in 1904 but though he collected
in Merida the type-locality of this species he never found it there or elsewhere.

11. Sphaerodactylus difficilis Barbour.

Sphaerodactylus difficilis Barbour, Mem. M. C. Z., 1914, 44, p. 265.

Type-locality: — Santiago de la Vega, San Domingo.

Type:— Type. M. C. Z. 7,834. Paratype M. C. Z. 7,835. A. H. Verrill.
Two Paratypes M. C. Z. 5,444 Puerto Plata. M. Abbott Frazar.

Distribution: — Haiti and San Domingo.

Diagnosis: — Small, slender, having moderately small weakly keeled,
imbricate scales about nine equalling the distance of tip of snout from centre of
eye; head and neck with longitudinal markings or the head, neck and body
speckled.

Description: — Type. M. C. Z. 7,834. Snout rather short not conspicu-
ously acute; distance of eye from tip of snout and ear about equal; rostral
moderate with median grove; nostril between rostral, first supralabial, a large
supranasal and two smaller scales; two small scales bcrder the rostral behind
with the supranasals; three large and one small supralabial to below centre of
eye; supercihary spine present; head above and on sides covered with small,
elongate, juxtaposed, keeled scales, those on snout enlarged; scales on back

242 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

enlarged, elongate, slightly keeled, imbricate about nine or ten equalling the
distance from tip of snout to centre of eye; mental large, nearly same size as
rostral; two large infralabials followed by a small one to below centre of eye;
two small, squarish chin-shields behind mental, followed by fiat smaller scales,
which cover throat, enlarged but smooth on neck and chest, still larger on belly;
limbs with smaller, keeled, imbricate scales; similar on upper surface of tail,
but smooth below, enlarged irregular transverse plates below.

Colour: — Gray flecked with bro\\Ti spots, often with longitudinal dark
marking on head and neck. Shoulders with or without a pair of white dots,
which may or may not be ringed with darker to form a spectacle-like mark.
There may be a faint similar mark on the sacral region.

Dimensions: — Tip of snout to vent 28 mm.

Vent to tip of tail 31 nam.

Greatest width of head 5 mm.

Tip of snout to ear • 8 mm.

Fore leg 8 mm.

Hind leg 9.5 mm.

Remarks: — This species is very closely related to noiatus and is probably
annectent between that species and macrolepis. It is widespread throughout
San Domingo and Haiti.

12. Sphaerodactylus festus Barbour.
Plate 3, fig. 1; Plate 15, fig. 1-4.

Sphaerodactylus festus Barbour, Proc. Biol. soc. Wash., 1915, 28, p. 13.

Type-locality: — Fort de France, Martinique.

Types:— Type. M. C. Z. 10,622. Paratypes M. C. Z. 10,623 and Mu-
seum of Zoology, University Michigan.

Distribution: — Martinique.

Diagnosis: — Rather small, with medium sized broad, keeled, imbricate
dorsals about fourteen equalling distance of tip of snout to centre of ej'e; no
middorsal zone ; scales of upper surfaces of head small and slightly enlarged upon
snout ; a large postnasal and four small scales in distance from nostril to above
the suture of second and third upper labial.

Description: — Type. M. C. Z. 10,622. Snout short but acute; the dis-
tance from the tip to the eye being slightly less than from the posterior border of

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 243

the eye to the ear-opening, not quite twice the diameter of the eye ; rostral rather
large with long median cleft behind; nostril between rostral, first supralabial, a
single rather large postnasal and a larger supranasal which is separated from its
fellow of the other side by a single small scale these three bordering the rostral
above ; three large supralabials to the centre of the eye ; head above and on the
sides covered with small, rounded, granular or tubercular scales; those on back
small, keeled, very slightly imbricate, fourteen equivalent to the distance from
tip of snout to centre of eye; mental large, longer than rostral; one very large,
one medium sized and one small iufralabial to below the centre of the eye; two
small chin-shields behind mental followed by a series of five flat smaller scales,
scales of throat and lower neck uniform in size, flat and polygonal; on chest and
belly larger, flat and slightly imbricate. Scales of limbs small, elongate, imbri-
cate and keeled; of tail above whorls of small pomted imbricate slightly keeled
or flat scales, below with a median series of large hexagonal plates with several
lateral series of smaller flat scales.

Colour: — Almost uniform brown above with very faintly indicated chevron
shaped fighter markings on hind neck and sacral regions.

Remarks: — This species is evidently one of the medium sized forms, being
considerably larger than torrei from Cuba, of coiu:se far larger than elegans, and
not reaching to anything like the size of copei from Haiti, anthracinus Andros or
richardsonii from Jamaica which are the largest species in the genus. In no one
of the three examples before me is the tail perfect, but the length of the largest
specimen (Paratype Univ. Mich. Mus.) from snout to vent is 30 mm. The
type is not quite so large, but all the specimens are evidently adult.

13. Sphaerodactyltjs goniorhynchus Cope.
Plate 4, fig. 3; Plate 16, fig. 5-8.

Sphaerodactylus goniorhynchus Cope, Proo. Acad. nat. sci. Phil., 1895 (1894), p. 440.

Sphaerodactylus gilvitorques Barbour {non Cope), Bull. M. C. Z., 1910, 52, p. 291, Mem. M. C. Z., 1914,
44, p. 267.

Type-locality: — Port Antonio, Jamaica.

Types: — Not known.

Distribution: — Jamaica. A woodland species which is found under leaves
and decaying trash from sea-level to the summits of the Blue Mountains. It is
very rare in the dry, semiarid regions such as the plains near Kingston and
Spanishtown.

244 SPHAERODACT\XUS.

Diagnosis: — Small, dark brown, with somewhat enlarged, elongate, keeled,
imbricate dorsal scales about fourteen or fifteen equalling distance of tip of snout
from centre of eye; no middorsal zone of small scales, upper head scales very
minute, scales on snout slightly more elongate but scarcely wider than those of
vertex; supranasals widely separated by about five small scales. Ventrals
keeled.

Description: — M. C. Z. 13,594. Jamaica: Constant Springs, near Kingston,
1909. Thomas Barbour.

Snout very short, rather rounded ; eye distinctly nearer tip of snout than ear;
rostral large with long median groove; nostril between rostral, a small supra-
nasal and two or three small scales which may or may not occlude the nostril
from the first supralabial ; supranasals of either side separated by a considerable
number of very small granules which fill a shallow reentrant area in the posterior
part of the rostral; suture between third and fourth supralabial below the centre
of the eye; superciliary spine present; top and sides of head covered with ex-
cessively fine granules not or scarcely enlarged on snout; dorsals very small,
keeled, slightly imbricate, about fourteen equalling the distance of tip of snout
from centre of eye ; mental large followed by many small, scarcely enlarged post-
mentals; throat-scales rovmd juxtaposed. Ventrals slightly larger than dorsals,
imbricate, feebly but distinctly keeled; limbs also with very small overlapping
keeled scales; scales of tail hkewise all excessively small, keeled and not arranged
in whorls; greatly enlarged plates below.

Colour:- — Rich mahogany-brown; a usually very distinct dark middorsal
zone composed of confluent rhombs, those on tail often separate; often a light
line along upper sides of the upper proximal half of tail.

Dimensions: — Tip of snout to vent 22 mm.

Vent to tip of tail 20 mm.

Greatest width of head 3.25 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 5 mm.

Fore leg 5 . 75 mm.

Hind leg 8 mm.

Remarks: — A beautiful and always very tiny little lizard; widespread in
Jamaica and everywhere rare. It is invariably found m wooded country and in
the heavy forests of the Blue Moimtains it occurs right to the summit of the high
wooded peaks. It was frequently caught when tearing up rotten logs in search-
ing for Peripatus, although more of the latter than of the sphaerodactyls were

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 245

found. The little white eggs were often met with in old termite galleries or
under bark and one young Uzard which emerged when I broke an egg was at full
term and measured 19 mm. from snout to tip of tail and was much more slender
in habit than the adult which are quite stockily built.

14. Sphaerodactylus oxyrrhinus Gosse.
Plate 6, fig. 1; Plate 16, fig. 1-4.

Sphaerodactylus oxyrhinus Gosse, Ann. mag. nat. hist., 1850, ser. 2, 6, p. 347.
Sphaerodactylus dacnicolor Barbour, Bull. M. C. Z., 1910, .52, p. 292, pi. 1.'

Type-locality: — St. Elizabeth's, Jamaica.

Type: — British Museum. P. H. Gosse.

Distribution: — Apparently, a rare species of sporadic occurrence throughout
Jamaica.

Diagnosis: — Medium size, with a very sharp, depressed snout; dorsal
scales very small, almost granular but slightly imbricate about fourteen equal
the distance from tip of snout to centre of eye ; body spotted, a distinct spectacle
marking on sacrum.

Description: — M. C. Z. 7,276, the larger Cotype of S. dacnicolor Barbour,
Snout long, pointed, slender and depressed; eye nearer ear than tip of snout;
rostral very large with a long median groove ; nostril between rostral, (first
supralabial, a large supranasal and a single rather large postnasal; one small
scale separates the large supranasal of each side; posterior portion of fourth
large supralabial under centre of eye ; superciliary spine prominent ; head above
and on sides covered with small granular scales, but sHghtly enlarged upon the
snout; scales of back small, very slightly imbricate, keeled, about fourteen equal
to the distance of tip of snout from centre of eye; mental as large as rostral;
fourth infralabial beneath centre of eye; two smallish chin-shields behind
mental followed by some enlarged flat pavement-scales, smaller on hinder part of
throat; scales of chest and belly, round, imbricate, smooth; scales of hmbs
small, rounded, some slightly imbricating other tubercular, generally feebly
keeled; tail with very small scales not in distinct whorls, enlarged plates below.

Colour: — Lavender-gray with many dusky spots; a pair of white spots on
the sacral region enclosed in a dusky spectacle-mark.

» Types: — M. C. Z. 7,276. Jamaica: Port Antonio. A. E. Wight. 2 cotypea.

246 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

imensions: — Tip of snoilt to vent

30 mm.

Vent to tip of tail

26 mm.

Greatest width of head

5 . 5 mm.

Tip of snout to ear

7 . 75 mm.

Fore leg

7.5 nmi.

Hind leg

9 mm.

Remarks: — I have seen but very few specimens of this rare species. Never-
theless, I am convinced that my dacnicolor is Gosse's oxyrrhinus. No informa-
tion has come to hand regarding its habits or occurrence in Jamaica.

15. Sphaerodactylus argivxjs Garman.
Plate 5, fig. 2; Plate 16, fig. 5-8.

Sphaerodactylus argivus Garman, Bull. Essex inst., 1888, 20, p. 3.

Type-locality: — Caymen Brae. C. J. Maynard.

Types;— CoTYPE. M.C.Z. 13,597. Cotypes. M.C.Z. 6,223 (7specimens).

Distribution: — The type-locality.

Diagnosis: — Medium size, having small keeled imbricate dorsals; about
fourteen or fifteen equalling the distance from tip of snout to middle of eye;
about fourteen small scales in a row between the orbits ; no ocelli nor conspicuous
colour-pattern; this species also lacks the two lateral crescentic grooves in the
rostral seen in argus.

Description:— M.C.Z. Cotype. 13,597: Cotype M. C. Z. 6,223. Snout
rounded, short; eye slightly nearer tip of snout than ear; rostral with median
groove ; nostril between rostral, a large supranasal and two or three small scales
which almost or quite occlude it from the first supralabial; fourth, a small,
supralabial lying under centre of eye; superciliary spine present; head above and
on sides covered with very fine granules, slightly larger on snout; dorsals very
small, keeled, slightly imbricating about fourteen equal to distance of tip of
snout from centre of eye ; mental larger than rostral ; a fe w enlarged postmentals ;
gular scales small, flat and roundish; ventrals overlapping, larger than dorsals,
perfectly smooth; limbs covered with very small smooth scales; scales of tail
small, not forming whorls; medium sized enlarged plates below.

Colour: — Reddish gray, speckled with darker a few Ughter specks or dots,
no ocelli.

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 247

Dimensions: — Tip of snout to vent 26.5 mm.

Vent to tip of tail 7 nmi. reproduced.

Greatest width of head 4.25 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 7 . 5 mm.
Fore limb , 7 nam.

Hind limb 8.5 mm.

Remarks: — Nothing is known regarding the habits or occurrence of this
distinct derivation of the argus stock.

16. Sphaerodactylus nigroptjnctatus Gray.
Plate 3, fig. 2; Plate 17, fig. 1-4.

Sphaerodactylus nigropuncfatus Gray, Cat. lizards Brit, mus., 1845, p. 168.

Type-locality: — South America.'

Type: — British Museum. A single specimen.^

Distribution: — The Province of Oriente, Cuba, where it is rare.

Diagnosis: — Long, slender, very small headed, with tiny but distinctly
keeled and imbricate scales; it is unique in having four scales bordering the
rostral behind and between the supranasals.

Description:— Adult M. C. Z. 8,536. Cuba: Guantanamo, Monte Libano,
1914. C. T. Ransden.

Snout rather short and blunt, the distance from the tip to the eye being less
than that of the eye from the ear; rostral moderate with a very long median
cleft behind; nostral between rostral, first supralabial, one postnasal and a very
small supranasal, which is separated from its fellow on the opposite side by four
small scales, these six scales bordering the rostral posteriorly; three large and
one small supralabial to below the centre of the eye ; a small spine on the super-
ciUary margin above the centre of the eye ; head above and on sides covered with
very minute granules, but slightly enlarged upon the snout; scales of back small,
somewhat elongate, keeled and very slightly imbricate about thirteen in a straight
series equalling the distance of tip of snout from centre of eye; mental moderate,
as large as rostral; one very large lower labial followed by a medium and a small
infralabial to below the centre of the eye; two small squarish chin-shields behind

1 Boulenger (Cat. lizards Brit, mus., 1885, 1, p. 220) states that the type is without data.

' According to Gray this specimen belonged to Leadbeater. Boulenger, however, makes no mention
of this fact. Until the type can be ree.xamined it is uncertain that these Cuban specimens are correctly
assigned.

248 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

the mental followed by a small group of slightly enlarged scales passing quickly
into the small scales of the gular region; scales of chest and belly rounded,
smooth, imbricate; scales of tail smaller, irregularly arranged, rovmded, smooth,
imbricate, with only a very faintly defined series of enlarged scales.

Colour: — Rich dark mahoganj'-brown specked with darker, a light streak
around the head and a series of Ught dots across the nape.

Dimensions: — Total length ' 55 mm.

Tip of snout to vent 29 mm.

Vent to tip of tail 26 mm.

Greatest width of head 4 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 5 . 5 mm.

Fore limb 6 . 5 nam.

Hind limb 8 . 5 nmi.

Remarks: — As I understand this species now the only specimens which I
have seen are a few taken by my friend C. T. Ramsden in the mountainous and
heavily forested region about Guantanamo, Cuba. It is a very rare and little-
known form.

17. Sphaerodactyltjs bxjergeri Werner.

Sphaerodactyhis btiergeri Werner, Verh. Zool.-bot. ges. Wien, 1900, 50, p. 264.

Type-locality: — Port of Spain, Trinidad.

Type: — Vienna Museum. Otto Buerger. 1897.

Distribution: — Trinidad.

Diagnosis: — Medium size, with rhombic, imbricate, keeled scales; with
broad dark bands on back and sides, the former of which forks to each supra-
ocular region.

Description (Translated) : —

"Snout not quite twice as long as the diameter of the eye, somewhat longer than the distance of eye
from ear-opening, rounded anteriorly; ear-opening small, rounded, a little larger than one of the finger
disks. Rostral small, horseshoe-shaped with median groove. Nostril between rostral, first supralabial,
a supranasal and two postnasals. Five upper and five lower labials. Mental rather large, rounded
posteriorly, behind this polygonal shields which pass gradually into granules. Upper surfaces with
rhomboid, imbricate, keeled scales. Belly-scales much larger, smooth, similarly imbricating. The
scales of the under side of the tail, larger than the upper but no enlarged midrow.

Colour: Upper surface light brown with somewhat darker side bands and a dark dorsal band, which
forks on the scapular region and sends a branch to each supraocular region. The two forked branches
and the temporal portion of the lateral stripe are edged with darker. The dorsal and lateral bands are
bordered with white on the tail as also on the back. Lower sides white, chin finely punctate with dark
spots, labials spotted with dark also."

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 249

Unfortunately this description does not allow us even to surmise what may
be the affinities of buergeri but if one may hazard a guess it is far from improbable
that the difference from molei which are assumed may be due to the difference in
the methods of observing by Boettger and Werner; for I strongly suspect that
both had the same species.

18. Sphaerodactylus argus Gosse.
Plate 4, fig. 4; Plate 17, fig. 5-8.

Sphaerodactylus argus Gosse, Ann. mag. nat. hist., 1850, ser. 2, 6, p. 347.

Type-locality: — Jamaica. "Common in houses, in corners, and crevices."

Types: — British Museum. A series of specimens. P. H. Gosse.

Distribution: — Found very abundantly throughout the lowland regions of
Jamaica. It occurs at Mandeville but was not found in the highlands of eastern
Jamaica by the writer in 1909. It is very abundant in houses as well as in
suitable situations about cultivated and wild areas.

Diagnosis: — Medium size, with small, keeled, slightly imbricate scales,
about ten or eleven equalling distance from tip of snout to centre of eye; about
fourteen small scales between the orbits ; a colouration of many distinct minute
ocellated spots.

Description: — M. C. Z. 13,593. Jamaica: Constant Springs near Kingston,
1909. One of a large series (M.C.Z. 7,345). Thomas Barbour.

Snout rounded, short; eye slightly nearer tip of snout than ear; rostral
small with median groove, and a crescentic groove on each half of the rostral as
well; nostril between rostral, a large supranasal and three small scales which
almost always occlude it from the first supralabial; suture of fourth and fifth
supralabial below the centre of the eye; superciliary spine present; head above
and on sides covered with small homogeneous granules, distinctly enlarged on
snout; dorsals small, keeled, slightly imbricating; about eleven equal the dis-
tance from tip of snout to centre of eye ; mental larger than rostral; followed by
a few enlarged postmentals; gular scales small fiat, roundish; ventrals over-
lapping, larger than dorsals, perfectly smooth; limbs partly covered with small
granules and partly with small, round, imbricate, smooth scales; scales of tail
rounded, smooth, strongly imbricate, not formmg whorls; large plates present
on lower surface.

Colour: — Reddish or brownish with fine light spots on back and sides; on

250 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

the head and neck these occur in definite straight series. Tail less distinctly
spotted, coral-red below in life.

Dimensions :-

— Tip of snout to vent

27 mm,

Vent to tip of tail

25 mm,

Greatest width of head

4 . 75 mm.

Tip of snout to ear

6.5 mm.

Fore leg

6.5 mm.

Hind leg

8 mm.

Remarks: — This stockily-built, short Umbed, Uttle species is one of the
most abimdant of the whole genus. I secured nearly an hundred at Constant
Springs near Kingston and found it common at Mandeville, while years ago Dr.
Henry Bryant collected it at Moneague. It was not found in the highland forests
of the Blue Mountains where goniorhynchus occurs to the very summits. IVIeer-
warth (Mitth. Naturh. mus. Hamburg, 1900, 18, p. 19) records a specimen of
this species from Costa Rica saying that it does not differ in colour from Jamaican
specimens, and hence differs from Werner's type of what he called S. a. conti-
nentalis (Verh. Zool. bot. ges. Wien, 1896, 46, p. 346; Honduras, Type in Petro-
grad Mus. Sold by Schliiter, dealer of Halle) .

Sphaerodactylus argus may have been introduced to the mainland but no
American collector has found it and I am incUned to beUeve that both Meer-
worth and Werner had specimens of glaucus before them.

19. Sphaerodactylus corticolus Garman.
Plate 6, fig. 4; Plate 18, fig. 1-4.

Sphaerodactylus corticolus Garman, Bull. Essex inst., 1888, 20, p. 111.

Type-locality: — Rum Cay, Bahamas.

Ti/pes.-— CoTYPES. M. C. Z. 6,219. Four specimens. C. J. Maynard.

Distribution: — Apparently rare it has been found on New Providence
(M. C. Z.) and Watling's Island (U. S. N. M.) besides the type-locality.

Diagnosis: — Slender, medium size, the dorsal scales very small, keeled and
imbricating, about ten or eleven equalling distance from tip of snout to centre of
eye; scales of top of snout and vertex of nearly equal size, about eighteen in a
series between the eye.

Description:— The largest of the Cotypes.

Snout rather short, declivous and roimded; eye nearer tip of snout than ear;

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 251

rostral wide with median groove; nostril between rostral> first supralabial, a
large supranasal and two small scales; a single large scale between the two
Bupranasals; suture between third and fourth supralabial beneath centre of eye;
superciliary spine present; head above and on sides covered with small, juxta-
posed, granular scales very little if any enlarged on the snout; nuchals similar;
dorsals slightly enlarged, keeled, slightly imbricate, about eleven or twelve equal
to the distance of tip of snout from centre of eye; mental medium, followed by a
few enlarged postmentals; the third, a very small, infralabial beneath centre of
eye; gular scales small, granular, juxtaposed and smooth; chest and belly cov-
ered with larger, imbricating smooth scales ; Umbs covered with very small, keeled
scales; tail covered with very small scales not in whorls, large plates below.

Colour: — Males uniform brown, flecked very indistinctly with darker; belly
slightly paler; a female (M. C. Z. 13,452) brown with lines of light dots, distinct
on head and neck but fading on body.

Dimensions: — Tip of snout to vent 30 mm.

Vent to tip of tail 7 mm.

Greatest width of head 5 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 7 . 5 nrni.

Fore leg • 7 mm.

Hind leg 9 mm.

Remarks: — I have never had the good fortune to find this gekko in the
Bahamas nor did Dr. Rosen record it. Mr. Maynard has taken five of the six
specimens so far known but I know nothing of its habits or occurrence in nature.
It is related to nigropunctatus of Cuba.

20. Sphaerodactylus gilvitorques Cope.
Plate 6, fig. 1; Plate 18, fig. 5-8.

Sphaerodactylus gilvitorques Cope, Proc. Acad. nat. sci. Phil., 1861, p. 500.

Type-locality: — Jamaica.

Type:— Academy Natural Sciences Phil. 7,555. E. W. Pennock.

Distribution: — Jamaica. The species has not been found by any recent
explorer so far as I am aware. It has certainly not appeared in any of the con-
siderable number of Jamaican collections which have come to the M. C. Z.

Diagnosis: — Small, stocky, with very large keeled unbricating dorsals of
which only about four equal the distance of tip of snout to centre of eye, no mid-

252 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

dorsal zone of smaller scales; snout very short; head broad and swollen; three
large supralabials.

Description: — Type. Snout short, rounded, steeply declivous; eye dis-
tinctly nearer tip of snout than ear; rostral small with a median groove; nostril
between rostral, first supralabial, a very large supranasal and one small scale;
one small scale followed posteriorly by two separate the two supranasals; the
third large supralabial extending well back of the centre of the eye ; superciliary
spine present but very small; head above and on sides covered with rather large
granular scales only very slightly enlarged on the snout; scales of back very
large, imbricate, keeled, only about four equalling the distance of tip of snout
from centre of eye; mental medium, larger than rostral; a distinct postmental
followed by a number of enlarged scales; gulars rather large in comparison with
other members of the genus; ventrals rounded, imbricate, smooth, scales of
limbs small pointed, keeled; tail missing.

Colour: — Dark brown, with a light collar anterior to the interscapular
region; head with faint darker longitudinal markings; slightly lighter brown
beneath.

Remarks: — Apparently this peculiar and very distinct species is only known
from the type-specimen. It is strange that the recent extensive collecting in
Jamaica has not rediscovered it. Recently, Dr. Witmer Stone writes me that
"during the forties" several collections of reptiles from Jamaica were presented
to the Philadelphia Academy by Dr. C. W. Pennock. Whether he collected
them himself or secured them from someone else is not disclosed by the records.
One of these early collections contained the type of this species.

21. Sphaerodactylus richardsonii Gray.
Plate 5, fig. 3; Plate 19, fig. 1-4.

Sphaerodactylus richardsonii Gray, Cat. lizards Brit, mus., 1845, p. 16S.

Sphaerodachilus richardsonii Boulenger, Cat. lizards Brit, mus., 1885, 1, p. 227, pi. 18, fig. 6.

Type-locality: — -"America."

Type:— A single specimen in the British Museum.

Distribution: — This, the largest and most striking member of the genus is
confined to Jamaica. It has been found in many scattered localities all in the
lowlands or on the lower hills. It is very rare.

Diagnosis: — ■ Very large, cross-barred; of the large keeled imbricate dorsals
only about five equal the distance of tip of snout to centre of eye and there is no
granular middorsal row.

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 253

Description: — M. C. Z. 7,337. Jamaica: Constant Springs near Kingston,
1909. Thomas Barbour.

Snout rather short and broad, its length not quite twice the diameter of the
eye; eye slightly nearer tip of snout than ear; rostral large with median groove;
nostril between rostral, two large supranasals and several tiny scales which
occlude it from the first supralabial ; a group of small scales separate the supra-
nasals of the two sides; superciliary spine large and prominent; four large
supralabials, the fifth very small, under eye; head above with granular non-
imbricating scales, not enlarged on the snout; scales of back large, rough, tecti-
form, imbricating about five or six equalling distance from tip of snout to centre
of eye; no middorsal granular zone; mental large, followed by two enlarged
postmentals, chin-shields and gulars small, juxtaposed; scales of belly imbricate,
smooth, roundish, smaller than dorsals; scales of limb enlarged, keeled and
imbricate; scale of tail elongate, strongly overlapping forming definite whorls.

Dimensions: — Tip of snout to vent 40 mm.

Vent to tip of tail 35 mm.

Greatest width of head 8 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 10 mm.

Fore leg 12 mm.

Hind leg 14 mm.

Remarks: — One of the peculiarities of this species is that it has the same
tender paper-like skin which is seen in AristeUiger and Thecadactylus. Indi-
viduals are rare and the three I found were under rocks in a rather xerophytic
environment. Dr. Clark found his at Montego Bay, under stones also. This
is the largest and most striking member of the genus. It is not only long but
stockily-built and can be distinguished at once by the very large tectiform dorsals
and the absence of a dorsal granular zone which the other large and big-scaled
species all have.

22. Sphaerodactylus macrolepis Giinther.^
Plate 6, fig. 2, 3; Plate 19, fig. 5-8.

Sphaerodactylus macrolepis Giinther, Ann. mag. nat. hist., 1859, ser. 2, 4, p. 215, pi. 1, fig. 4.
Sphaerodactylus macrolepis monensis Meenvarth, Mitth. Naturh. mus. Hamburg, 1900, 18, p. 2.*
Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis Stejneger, Ann. rept. U. S. N. M., 1904, 1902, p. 602, fig. 46-50.'

' For independent conclusions as to the synonyms of this species cf. Schmidt, Ann. N. Y. acad. sci.,
1920, 28, p. 184. This paper was received some time after my revision had been presented for publication.
2 Types;— Mus. Hamburg, 1207a, b Mona. 1891. Bock.
' Type:— U. S. N. M. 27,007. Loquillo, Porto Rico. L. Stejneger.

254 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

Type-locality: — St. Croix.

Types: — Two specimens in the British Museum. Alfred and Edward
Newton.

Distribution: — St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda, Anegada,
Porto Rico, and Vieques.

Diagnosis: — Medium size with large, elongate, keeled, imbricate dorsals
about five or six equalling distance of tip of snout to centre of eye ; no middorsal
granular zone ; two very large supranasals often in contact or separated by one
scale; head-scales all very small and strongly keeled.

Description:— M. C. Z. 7,300 (U. S. N. M. 27,029) . Paratype of S. grandi-
sqvamis.

Snout rather acute, elongate, and gently declivous in profile, the distance
from its tip to the eye being slightly longer than from eye to ear-opening; rostral
moderate with a long median cleft behind; nostril between rostral, first labial,
two small nasals and an enlarged supranasal which is separated from its fellow
on the opposite side by a single small scale ; three large supralabials (often f our
to below the centre of the eye; a prominent spine-like scale on the superciliary
margin over the centre of the eye ; head above and on sides covered with small
elongate, strongly keeled scales, slightly enlarged on the snout; scales on back
large, imbricate, keeled five or six in the distance from tip of snout to centre of
eye; mental large, about equal to rostral; two large infralabials followed by a
small one which is under the centre of the eye ; two small square chin-shields
behind mental followed by many small, flat scales, decreasing in size to become
almost granular on midgular region then increasing in size on neck and chest-
region; scales of chest keeled and imbricate ; scales on abdomen large, but smaller
than dorsals; limbs covered with small, keeled, imbricate scales; scales on tail
keeled and imbricate above, below smooth, some greatly enlarged to form
transverse plates.

Colour: — Grayish or brownish of various shades as ground colour, variously
dotted and faintly streaked with darker, across the shoulders a wide black band
edged before and behind with white and inclosing two white spots. The black
band may be reduced but the white spots are very characteristic. There may
also be long dark longitudinal streaks on head and body.

Dimensions:— M. C. Z. 12,242, Porto Rico: Manati. G. M. Allen and
J. L. Peters.

Total length 56 mm.

Tip of snout to vent 28 mm.

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 255

Vent to tip of tail 28 mm.

Width of head 5 mm.

Fore leg 6 mm.

Hind leg 8.5 mm.

Remarks: — Fomid throughout Porto Rico in the lowland areas not ascend-
ing the hills, according to Stejneger; who caught it, however, in many situations
from among beach pebbles to native houses. It is locally called Sta. Lucia.
In the Virgin Island Mr. Noble, Mr. Peters, and Dr. Ruthven found it very
common m dry lowland stations, under stones. I cannot, with this large ma-
terial before me, find any stable character separating macrolepis from grandi-
squamis. Certainly in specimens of equal size the dorsal scales differ but very
little in size. In the topotype of macrolepis, figured, they are actually larger
than in the specimen of grandisquamis, drawn by the same artist using the same
method of measurement. While I confess to my surprise at being forced to this
conclusion I think an examination of the figures of the specimens from the two
islands will be convincing. I may also add the conditions between the supra-
nasals of the two specimens drawn, at first sight, so different, might have been
reversed, with equal frequency.

23. Sphaerodactylus exsul Barbour.
Plate 7, fig. 1; Plate 20, fig. 1-4.

Sphaerodacli/.us exsul Barbour, Mem. M. C. Z., 191 1, 44, p. 26 1.

Type-locality: — Little Swan Island, Caribbean Sea.

Types: — Type. M. C. Z. 7,894. Paratypes, M. C. Z. 9,959-9,977.
George Nelson.

Distribution: — Little Swan Island.

Diagnosis: — Small with rather large, weakly keeled, imbricate dorsals
about five or six equalling the distance of tip of snout from the centre of the eye ;
no middorsal granular zone ; only three large supralabials to below centre of eye.

Description: — Type. Snout rather long and moderately pointed; snout
a little more than twice as long as diameter of eye ; eye nearer ear than tip of
snout; rostral medium sized with median groove; nostril between rostral, first
supralabial, a large supranasal and one or two small scales; supranasals of each
side separated by a single large scale bordering the centre of the rostral behind;
three large supralabials, the third reaches to well posterior of the centre of the
eye; third supralabial very long and narrow; superciliary spine present; head

256 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

above with rather elongate keeled granules those of anterior part of snout much
enlarged; scales of back, rather large, elongate, rather pointed and weakly-
keeled, imbricate only about six equalling distance of tip of snout to centre
of eye; mental large followed posteriorly by a number of enlarged scales of about
equal size; suture of second and third infralabials below centre of the eye;
ventral scales broader than long, very sUghtly imbricating and perfectly smooth;
scales of limbs elongate, pointed, Uttle enlarged and weakly keeled.

Colour: — Gray uniform and with tiny flecks of darker; the head and neck
with narrow lines of darker. These lines may be broken up into series of dots
which in some cases appear irregular. Belly pale unspotted; throat with many
fine dots. A pair of small white dots on the nuchal region generally present.

Dimensions: — Tip of snout to vent 23 mm.

Vent to tip of tail 18 mm.

Greatest width of head 4 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 5 . 5 mm.

Fore leg 6 mm.

Hind leg 8 mm.

Remarks: — Mr. Nelson captured all the type-series on Little Swan Island.
The two Swan Islands are very near each other, only a narrow channel about four
hundred yards wide separating them. Little Swan Island is perhaps three
fourths of a mile long and a half mile wide. It is made up entirely of eroded
aeolian limestone, the depressions in the weathered rock often bounded by
knife-blade septa are filled with the decaying leaves of the dense scrub which
covers the whole island. In this vegetable detritus the little sphaero dactyls
were found abundantly. Big Swan Island is larger, perhaps two miles long by a
mile wide, and is now permanently inhabited by the wireless operators of the
United Fruit Company and some Cayman Islanders who work in the extensive
cocoanut groves. There is still some heavy virgin scrub on Big Swan of the same
character as that found on the lesser island.

24. SPHAERODACTYLUS N0TATU3 Baird.

Plate 3, fig. 3; Plate 20, fig. 5-8.

Sphoerodadylus notatus Baird, Proc. Acad. nat. sci. Phil., 18.58, p. 254.

Type-locality: — Key West, Fla.

Types: — U. S. N. M. 3,215. W. H. B. Thomas; two specimens catalogued
by S. F. Baird are apparently lost.

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 257

Distribution: — Abundant in all parts of Cuba, the Island of Pines, and
nearly every Bahama Island which has been explored. Probably more wide-
spread in the southern part of Florida than has been suspected. The M. C. Z.
has specimens from Key Largo, Big Pine Key, Upper Matacumbe Key while
recent exploration shows it to be really common at the Royal Palm Hammock
(Paradise Key). Botanically this is a West Indian Island in the Southern
Everglades.

Diagnosis: — Small, having proportionally rather large strongly keeled
dorsals of which about seven equal distance of tip of snout to centre of eye; no
middorsal granular zone; several large scales immediately behind the supra-
nasals; longitudinal markings.

Description: — Adult M. C. Z. 8,513. Cuba: Guantanamo, Monte Libano,
March, 1913. Thomas Barbour.

Snout moderately long but not very acutely pointed; the distance from the
tip of the snout to the eye being slightly greater than the distance from the
latter to the ear; rostral moderate with a long median cleft behind; nostril
between rostral, first supralabial, a postnasal, or two, and a slightly enlarged
supranasal which is separated from its fellow on the opposite side by one, or often
two, small median scales, these three, or four, scales border the rostral above;
three large supralabials to below the centre of the eye ; head above and on sides
covered with fine granules, enlarged and flattened upon the snout; scales on
back enlarged, strongly keeled, imbricate, about seven equal to the distance from
the tip of snout to the centre of eye; mental moderate, about the size of the
rostral ; two small roughly pentagonal scales border the mental posteriorly ; two
(or three) large infralabials to below the centre of the eye ; gular scales minute
except for a few near the postmentals which are slightly enlarged ; scales of chest
and belly smooth, rounded, enlarged, but not quite as large as dorsals, and im-
bricate; tail with somewhat irregularly arranged, rounded, imbricate, smooth
scales, no conspicuous series of transversely enlarged scales below.

Colour (in life) : — Very variable, often uniform brown hghter below and on
tail; perhaps more often with darker longitudinal stripes; sometimes a pair of
white dots, which may or may not be in a spectacle-like marking, is found upon
the shoulder-region; the head usually has a dark median band and dark bands
upon the sides running through the eyes and along the canthi.

Dimensions: — Total length 49 mm.

Tip of snout to vent 25 mm.

Vent to tip of tail 24 mm.

258 SPHAERODACTIXUS.

Greatest width of head 4 mm.

Fore Umb 6 . 5 mm.

Hind Umb 8 mm.

Remarks: — A small and very widely varying species. It is found both
within and without human abodes, about equally common in both situations.
Represented in M, C. Z. by large series from all parts of its range.

25. Sphaerodactylxjs anthracinus Cope.
Plate 7, fig. 3; Plate 21, fig. 1-4.

SphaeTodactyJus anthracinus Cope, Proc. Acad. nat. sci. Phil., 1861, p. 500.
Sphaerodactylus asper Garman, Bull. Essex inst., 1888, 20, p. 113.'

Type-locality: — The original description stated that the type came from
Mexico. This has been copied by Boulenger and others. It seemed at once
highly improbable that a sphaerodactyl of this style should occur upon the main-
land. The type-specimen was, therefore, carefully examined and found to be
absolutely identical with examples from Andros Island in the Bahamas. It has
not been rediscovered in Mexico and the locaUty is certainly erroneous.

Type: — Academy Natural Sciences Philadelphia. 7,558.

Distribution: — Only definitely known from Middle Bight, Andros Island,
Bahamas.

Diagnosis: — Very large, having large, imbricate keeled dorsals beginning
far forward on the neck, even enlarged on the postaural regions; about six of
largest equal to distance from tip of snout to middle of eye. A middorsal zone
of fine granules, five supralabials to below centre of eye, median head-scales not
enlarged, much smaller than scales of snout. Head very narrow and flat.

Description:— M. C. Z. 6,222.

The larger Cotype of asper Garman. Snout long and narrow and depressed ;
eye distinctly nearer ear than tip of snout ; rostral large with a median groove ;
nostril between rostral, first supralabial, a large squarish supranasal and two
small scales; the supranasals of each side separated by two small scales, or often
one large one; fifth supralabial, a small one, below centre of the eye; superciliary
spine well developed; head above and on sides covered with tiny granular scales,
distinctly enlarged on the snout; scales of neck much enlarged passing directly
into the very large, heavily keeled, tectiform dorsals of which six of the largest

'Types: — M. C. Z. 6,222 Bahamas; Andros Island. C. J. Maynard. 2 Cotypes.

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 259

equal the distance from tip of snout to centre of eye ; a well-defined middorsal
granular zone; mental medium sized followed by two elongate postmentals;
fourth infralabial a very small one beneath centre of eye; scales of throat tiny
flat granules, of chest and belly small rounded, perfectly smooth and imbricating
scales of tail much elongate smooth or weakly keeled imbricating and arranged
in whorls; enlarged plates below.

Colour: — Uniform iron-gray, above and below. Both cotypes of asper are
males; as is the type of anthracinus. The female will probably be found to be
boldly cross-barred.

Dimensions: — Tip of snout to vent 41 mm.

Vent to tip of tail 38 -f mm.

Greatest width of head 6 . 5 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 9 . 5 mm.

Fore leg 10 mm.

Hind leg 14 mm.

Remarks: — Of the habits or distribution of this striking species nothing is
known.

26. Sphaerodactylus copei Steindachner.
Plate 7, fig. 2; Plate 21, fig. 5-8.

Sphaerodactylus copei Steindachner, Reise Novara. Vertebrates, 1869, 1, p. 18, pi. 1, fig. 5.
Sphaerodactylus picturatus Garman, Bull. Esse.x inst., 1887, 19, p. 19.'

Type-locality: — Unknown (The Novara did not stop between Madeira and
Brazil).

Type: — Steindachner's collection without data. ? K. K. Naturhist. Hof-
mus.

Distribution: — Giinther, (Ann. mag. nat. hist., 1888, ser. 6, 2, p. 363)
identifies specimens from Dominica with this species. One of these is now in
the M. C. Z. and in realitj^ is a very widely different creature. A close examina-
tion of Steindachner's description and figure leave Uttle doubt but that he had
the species which Garman named picturatus and which is found very widely
distributed in Haiti, although apparently nowhere very abundantly.

Diagnosis: — Large, conspicuous, with the large dorsal scales extending up
on the sides of the neck, not almost to the head as in anthracinus, nor only to the
shoulders as in scaber; of the enlarged dorsals about six equal the distance of tip
of snout to centre of eye; a conspicuous middorsal granular zone.

» Types:— M. C.Z. 3,341, 3,342 Haiti: near Grand Anse River, 1865. D. F. Weinland. 4 Cotypes.

260 SPHAERODACT\XUS.

Description: — M. C. Z. 3,342, the largest of the three female cotypes of
Garman's piduratus. Snout rather long, head distmctly narrow; the eye a very
little nearer the tip of snout than the ear ; rostral large with a median groove ;
nostril between rostral, first supralabial, a large supranasal and one or two small
scales ; a small scale separates the supranasal of each side ; the fifth supralabial,
a very small one, below the centre of the eye ; superciliary spine present but very
small and feeble; head above and on sides covered with small granules which are
not flat nor yet distinctly keeled, rather sharply swollen, slightly enlarged in
snout; scales of sides of neck enlarged, passing on the shoulders into the very
large tectiform, dorsals about six of which equal the distance of tip of snout from
centre of eye ; , a prominent middorsal granular zone ; mental larger than rostral,
followed by many slightly enlarged scales; gular scales very small juxtaposed;
scales of chest and belly larger, rounded, slightly imbricate, smooth; scales of
limb, enlarged, overlapping, smooth or very feebly keeled; tail with scales small
and irregular; enlarged inferiorly.

Colour: — Male uniform metallic iron-gray, with no markings. Females
conspicuously streaked on head with light longitudmal markings and decorated
on the body with irregular dark cross-bars which include transverse series of
white spots. The ground-colour is reddish often flecked with small spots of
darker and lighter.

Dimensions: — Adult male M. C. Z. 3,341.

Tip of snout to vent 34 mm.

Vent to tip of tail 39 nam.

Greatest width of head 6.2 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 9 . 5 mm.

Fore leg 10 mm.

Hind leg 13 mm.

Remarks: — Like its close allies, copei, is rare in collections. Dr. Weinland
took the four cotypes, a male and three females at Grand Anse River. In 1913
Dr. W. M. Mann brought a small series back from Diquini, taken while collecting
ants.

27. Sphaerodactylus scaber Barbour and Ramsden.

Plate 3, fig. 4; Plate 22, fig. 1-4.

Sphaerodactyltis scaber, Barbour & Ramsden, Mem. M. C. Z., 1919, 47, p. 126.
Sphaerodaclijlu^ fantasticux Giindlach {non Dum(5ril & Bibron), Erp. Cubana, 1880, p. 61.
Sphatrodactylus picturalus Barljour {non Garman), Mem. M. C. Z. 191-1, 44, p. 268.

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 261

Type-locality: — Sierra de San Juan de los Perros, Province of Camaguey, Cuba.

Type:— M. C. Z. 12,304 and four Paratypes M. C. Z. 13,438-13,441.

Distribution: — Hill regions of Central Cuba.

Diagnosis: — Large, sexually dichromatic, with large tectiform dorsals, about
six in distance from tip of snout to centre of eye, and having a middorsal granular
zone; the greatly enlarged dorsals beginning on the scapular region, not forward
on the neck as in anthracinus. Neck and shoulder-region covered with small
granules.

Description: — Adult M. C. Z. 12,304. Cuba: Camaguey; Sierra de San
Juan de los Perros. Thomas Barbour.

Snout pointed and elongate, the distance from the tip to the eye being dis-
tinctly longer than that from the eye to the ear-opening; rostral moderate with
a long median cleft behind; nostril between rostral, first supralabial, a large
supranasal and two small postnasals ; supranasal separated from its fellow on the
opposite side by a single roughly hexagonal scale about two thirds the size of one
of the supranasals, the three bordering the rostral above; four large and two
small supralabials to below the centre of the eye; a spine on the supercihary
margin over the centre of the eye; head above and on sides with extremely
minute granular scales; scales of the snout distinctly enlarged and pavement-
Uke dorsals at first very small and granular on the nuchal and scapular regions
then passing into the very large, heavily keeled scales of the back of which about
six equal the distance from the tip of snout to centre of eye ; the change from the
cephalic granules to the large dorsal scales is very gradual; it is very abrupt in
anthracinus and somewhat less so in copei; a very narrow median zone of very
small scales, most conspicuous on the nape and shoulder-region; mental large,
larger than rostral ; two very large inf ralabials and two very small ones to below
the centre of the eye ; two small, slightly elongate chin-shields behind the mental,
followed by small flat chest and throat rounded, imbricate, smooth, rather large,
not however, as large as the dorsals; scales of limbs much smaller, imbricate,
smooth or feebly keeled ; scales of tail small, rounded, slightly elongate, imbricate,
smooth, a rather mconspicuously enlarged series on the lower median surface of
the tail.

Colour (in fresh specimen) : — Uniform iron-gray above, pale below, in the
male ; and in the female the ground-colour is bluish or stone-gray crossed on the
nape, shoulders, and body by pairs of black bands ; between these pairs of bands
there are also cross-series of dark dots. In the young the pairs of bands are
broad and conspicuous but the intermediate series of dots are absent.

262 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

Dimensions: — Total length 58 mm.

Tip of snout to vent 32 mm.

Vent to tip of tail 26 mm.

Greatest width of head 5 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 7 . 5 mm.

Fore limb 8 mm.

Hind limb 11 mm.

Remarks: — This fine species is known from a single specimen in the Gundlach
collection in Havana, from one taken by Mr. Barnum Brown at the Sierra de
Jatibonico and the series of six which I took under stones in dense woods in the
Sierra de San Juan de los Perros. Gundlach remarks upon three specimens taken
at La Fermina near Bemba (now Jovellanos) ; two of these may have been sent
to Peters and may still be in BerUn.

28. Sphaerodactylus fantasticus Dum^ril & Bibron.
Plate 8, fig. 1; Plate 22, fig. 5-8.

Sphaerodactylus fantasticus Dum6ril «& Bibron, Erp. gen., 1836, 3, p. 406, pi. 32.

Sphaerodactylus fantasticus Boulenger {non Dum. & Bibr.), Cat. lizards Brit. Mus., 1885, 1, p. 223 (Cara-
cas and Antigua).

Sphaerodactylus fantasticus Andersson {non Dum. & Bibr.), Bih. K. Svensk. vet. akad. Handl., 1900, 26,
no. 4, p. 28.

Sphaerodactylus fantasticus Barbour, Proc. Biol. see. Wash., 1915, 28, p. 72.

Type-locality: — Martinique? They almost certainly came from Guade-
loupe. (C/. Barbour, loc. cit.)

Type: — Collected by M. Pl^e, a contributor to the Paris Museum, whose
material has been the source of endless confusion. Plee evidently shipped his
material from Martinique with apparently no warning that it had been collected
from a host of different localities.

Distribution: — Confined to Guadeloupe Island.

Diagnosis: — Rather large, with large keeled imbricate dorsals about seven
or eight equalling distance from tip of snout to centre of eye ; a middorsal zone
of much smaller scales, scales of top of snout and vertex verj' homogeneous in
size; four scales about equal in size bordermg rostral posteriorly; ventrals
weakly keeled.

Description: — M. C. Z. 10,633, one of a series of about one hundred collected
by G. K. Noble in Guadeloupe, in 1914.

Snout neither conspicuously long nor pointed; the eye about midway be-
tween tip of snout and ear; rostral large, with median cleft; nostril between
rostral, first supralabial, a small supranasal and two other small scales; supra-

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 263

nasal separated from its fellow of the opposite side by two scales about equal to
the supranasals in size, these four border the rostral posteriorly; three large
supralabials to below centre of eye; scales of head small almost round, slightly
keeled, nonimbricate, on snout larger, polygonal, also weakly keeled; scales of
neck very small and granular passing abruptly on the shoulders to the dorsals
which are large, heavily keeled, imbricate about eight equalling the distance of
tip of snout from centre of eye ; a narrow sharply defined middorsal zone of fine
granular scales; mental large, one large and two smaller infralabials to below
centre of eye; chin-shields small, pavement-like and homogeneous in size; scales
of neck and chest with faint weak keels; ventrals round, imbricating, much
smaller than dorsals also weakly keeled; scales of limbs, small, imbricate, keeled;
tail-scales in irregular whorls of small scales ; large transverse plates below.

Colour: — Brown, body with faint wavy lines, tail marbled. The throat
is almost invariably speckled or lined with bold black spots or streaks; the head
striped or marbled above and on the sides with dark lines. The markings while
very narrow are often bold and conspicuous.

Dimensions: — Tip of snout to vent 25 mm.

Vent to tip of tail • 32 mm.

Greatest width of head 5 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 7 mm.

Fore limb 7 mm.

Hind limb 11 ntun.

Remarks: — It is very significant and noteworthy that while Mr. Noble took
nearly an hundred sphaerodactyls in Guadeloupe at many localities they were
every one of the same species. Strong evidence this, against the proposition
that many species occur scattered haphazard throughout the archipelago. Mr.
Noble also found the rather large, single, oblong eggs, which measure 6.5 X 4.75
nam., in rotten wood.

29. Sphaerodactylus pictus Garman.
Plate 8, fig. 2; Plate 23, fig. 1-4.

Sphaerodactylus pictus Garman, Bull. Essex inst., 1887, 19, p. 20.

Type-locality: — St. Christopher.

Types: — M. C. Z. 6,071, two specimens. Samuel Garman during the Expe-
dition of the U. S. C. S. steamer Blake.
Distribution: — St. Christopher.

264 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

Diagnosis: — Large having rather large but very bluntly keeled dorsals, a
middorsal granular zone, about nine dorsals equal to distance of tip of snout
from centre of eye; spotted.

Description: — Taken from the largest Cotype. Snout rounded; ej'e about
midway between ear and tip of snout; rostral very wide but shallow with the
usual median groove; nostril between rostral, first supralabial, a medium sized
supranasal and two small scales; two fairly large scales border the rostral be-
tween the two supranasals; third supralabial, a very long one, reaches to below
the centre of the eye; superciliary spine well developed; head above and on sides
covered with small slightly elongate scales, somewhat enlarged and flattened on
the snout; scales of back large, bluntlj^ keeled, showing a slight tendency to
imbricate about nine scales in the distance equal to that between tip of snout and
middle of eye ; a middorsal zone of small granular scales which is very narrow
and best developed posteriorly; mental large, deeper than rostral; one very large
and several smaller infralabials ; no well distinguished chin-shields; scales of
chest and belly smooth; tail long slender with enlarged plates below.

Colour: — Light tan-brown with spots and spots joined into streaks of
darker brown; throat nearly white, belly pale gray-brown.

imensions: — Tip of snout to vent

31 mm.

Vent to tip of tail

? mm.

Greatest width of head

6 mm.

Tip of snout to ear

8 . 75 mm.

Fore leg

9 mm.

Hind leg

11.5 mm.

Remarks: — Garman collected the types and it was beyond doubt the
opportunity to observe Antillean reptiles in life which the Blake Expeditions
gave him that resulted in his learning that the fauna of each island is generally
distinct through isolation. Earlier writers down to Giinther and even Boulenger
in his earlier years had believed that species had a wide and more or less hap-
hazard range throughout the Island chain. Garman first showed that most
species were confined to single islands or groups of islands closely related geo-
logically.

30. Sphaerodactylus becki Schmidt.
Plate 23, fig. 5-8.
Sphaerodaclylus becki Schmidt, Bull. Amer. mus. nat. liist., 1919, 41, p. 520.

Type-locality: — Navassa.

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 265

Type: — American Museum Natural History 12,595. R. H. Beck during
the Brewster-Sanford Expedition, 1917.

Distribution: — The type-locality.

Diagnosis: — "Scales large, imbricate; dorsal scales keeled, a vertebral row
of small granular scales; ventral scales smooth; dorsal and ventral scales sub-
equal, caudal scales larger; five upper and four lower labials; uniform grayish
brown above, light gray below" Schmidt, loc. cit. "Ten dorsal scales equallmg
distance from tip of snout to middle of eye." G. K. Noble, in litt.

Description of the type: — "Head pointed, snout as long as the distance be-
tween eye and ear opening; ear opening oval, small, oblique ; rostral large, with a
median cleft above; five upper labials ; four lower labials ; scales of head small,
granular, larger on the snout, gradually passing into the imbricate dorsals;
mental large, followed by a pair of small postmentals; dorsal scales as large as
the ventrals, unbricate and keeled; one or two vertebral series of small granular
scales; ventrals perfectly smooth; caudals transversely enlarged below on the
proximal half of the tail ; caudal scales about twice as large as the dorsals, smooth ;
ventral scales perfectly smooth.

Uniform grayish brown above, lighter gray below; dorsal scales are nar-
rowly but sharply dark-edged producing a finely reticulated appearance; throat
faintly marbled with darker gray ; labials and sides of the head faintly spotted
with white; a narrow white line on the canthus rostraUs continued from the
posterior border of the eye, converging with its fellow on the parietal region,
uniting on the neck.

Length 42 mm.; body, 22 mm.; head 6 mm. long, 3.5 mm. broad; arm,
6 mm.; leg, 8 mm." Schmidt, loc. cit.

Since writing the foregoing, I have had the opportunity, thanks to Miss
M. C. Dickerson and Mr. K. Schmidt, to examine the type of becki. It is a half-
grown male with the skin badly torn. The large dorsals are not so strongly
keeled as in scaber, copei, or anthracinus. The head is very narrow, long and
depressed, as much so or perhaps even more than in oxyrrhimis. The internasals
are separated by a single large scale which is let into a shallow reentrant in the
posterior face of the rostral. The large, rather feebly keeled dorsals arise gradu-
ally on the scapular region; the condition is most like that seen in scaber with
which species becki seems most closely connected. The scales of chest and belly
are all perfectly smooth.

266 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

31. Sphaerodactyltjs sputator (Sparrman).
Plate 8, fig. 3, 4; Plate 24, fig. 1-8.

Lacerta sputator Sparrman. K. Svensk. vet.-akad. Handl., 1784, 5, p. 161, pi. 4, fig. 1.
Sphaerodactyltis sputator Barbour, {nee auct.), Mem. M. C. Z., 1914, 44, p. 270.

Type-locality: — St. Eustatius.

Types: — Three specimens in the Stockholm Museum. Dr. Acrelius.'

Distribution: — Unknown but probably confined to the Island of Statia or
St. Eustatius.

Diagnosis: — Medium sized, cross-banded, with large dorsal scales, keeled
and imbricating; about ten equalling the distance between tip of snout and
centre of eye; loreals many and excessively small; many large postmentals.

Description: — I have not seen a specimen of this species. Happily Dr.
Lars G. Andersson has been kind enough to cause Mr. Bror Hallberg of Stock-
holm to draw for me two of the cotypes and from these drawings the diagnosis is
derived. Dr. Andersson also writes me {in lilt., 16, 11, 1919): — "Sparrman's
specimens are coloured as follows. Two specimens (36 + 42.5 and 30.5 X 37 nam.
in length) : — Head above indistinctly dotted with brown; between ear and vent
of pairs of brown bands, the first immediately behind the ear, 2d in front of, 3rd
behind, the axilla, 4th, 5th and 6th on the body, 7th at the vent. The basal part
of the tail is provided with 6-8 bands, more or less distinctly arranged in pairs;
the distal part shows no bands only small dots, in one specimen it is regenerated.

The smallest specimen (28.3 X 18 mm.) has no bands. The head and the
upper surface of the neck is very distinctly and densely spotted with brown;
the anterior part of the body indistinctly dotted.

All the specimens have a median dorsal line of small granules and the scales
are imbricating and large. As I say in my note regarding them they correspond
in every respect, except in colour with Blgr's diagnosis of Sph. fantasticus."

As will be observed by comparing the figures, the form which I beheve to be
true fantasticus has larger dorsal scales, larger scales on the snout, large or better,
more enlarged postmentals and very different, larger, loreals. From its near
neighbour elegantulus, if Mr. Hallberg's drawings are as scrupulously accurate as
Mr. Fischer's, it is easily separated by the smaller dorsals and smaller loreals in
sputator and the very different internasal arrangement.

Remarks: — It is really remarkable that the first sphaerodactyl to be named

' Cf. L. G. Andersson, Bihang. K. Svensk. vet.-akad. Handl., 1900, 26, p. 27, who, I think, in-
correctly identifies these specimens with fantasticus of Dumfiril & Bibron.

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 267

came from a locality so seldom visited that topotypes are no where available and
have not even been seen by hcrpetologists in general. This has lead to an un-
fortunate uncertainty about the name sputator before it was known that the
species of the genus were not of haphazard distribution. While the accuracy of
data on all specimens collected over a hundred years ago is always open to some
doubt and while it is possible that these specimens were sent to Sweden from
Statia but not really caught there; still I cannot find any specimens elsewhere
which agree with the drawings Dr. Andersson so kindly sent me. There is,
therefore, no reason, at present, to suppose that sputator is anything more than
the local representative of the genus upon St. Eustatius and future exploration
may show this to be quite correct, although we know nothing of what is to be
found on St. Martin's, Saba, Redonda and other small islands near by, all of
which are probably inhabited by sphaerodactyls.

32. Sphaerodactylus microlepis Reinhardt & Lutken.
Plate 9, fig. 1; Plate 26, fig. 1-4.

Sphaerodactylus microlepis Reinhardt & Lutken, Viden. meddel. Nat. foren. Copenhagen, 1863, 1862,

p. 278.
Sphaerodactylus microlepis Boulenger, Cat. Hzards Brit, mus., 1885, 1, p. 224.

Type-locality: — Said to have been St. Croix but the original authors them-
selves doubted at once the probability of this being correct. They noticed its
similarity to fantasticus and stated that the record needed confirmation.

Type: — Copenhagen Museum, Knudsen.

Distribution: — Probably confined to the island of St. Lucia.

Diagnosis: — Medium sized having keeled scales on chest and belly; small
keeled scales on sides of back about twelve equalling distance of tip of snout
from centre of eye ; scales of middorsal region reduced in size but not to form a
well-defined granular zone.

Description:— M. C. Z. 10,787, St. Lucia.

Snout rather broad, not conspicuously elongate ; eye about midway between
tip of snout and ear; rostral moderately large with median groove; nostril
between rostral, first supralabial, a small supranasal and another small scale;
the supranasals of each side separated by three scales, the five all about equal in
size ; third large supralabial reaching far under eye ; superciliary spine present ;
head above and on sides covered with tiny keeled granules, enlarged on snout;
scales of back except middorsal region small, keeled, about twelve equalling the

268 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

distance of tip of snout from centre of eye ; scales of middorsal region distinctly
reduced in size but not forming a distinct granular zone ; mental large followed
by a few enlarged postmentals; scales of throat small, keeled as are the larger,
rhombic, imbricating scales of chest and belly; scales of tail very small, keeled,
not much elongate, forming weakly defined whorls.

Colour: — Brown; head, neck, and throat with bold black stripes and bars.
Indistinct wide cross-bars on body. (In 10,787, a male) Boulenger {loc. cit.,
p. 224) quotes Bocourt who is speaking of the synonymous melanospilos : "Bo-
court adds that the ventral scales are keeled and that there are no enlarged
inferior caudal scales. Back with dark spots and large transverse markings."
This may represent merely a variant or be the female colouration.

Dimensions: — Tip of snout to vent 31 mm.

Vent to tip of tail 25 +mm.

Greatest width of head 5 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 8 . 5 mm.

Fore leg 9 mm.

Hind leg 12 mm.

Remarks: — The fact that it was not realized that Reinhardt and Liitken
themselves correctly questioned the accuracy of St. Croix as the type-locality of
microlepis, has given rise to the impression that it has a wide distribution through-
out the Lesser Antilles. In fact Boulenger says (Proc. Zool. soc. London, 1891,
p. 353). "This is evidently the most widely distributed of the West-Indian
Sphaerodadyli, since it is known from St. Croix {Liitken), Dominica and St.
Lucia." The St. Croix record rests on an incorrect label, while Boulenger him-
self points out colour-characters which separate Dominican individuals and had
the binocular microscope been in use in 1891 other characters would probably
have been revealed. There was apparently no confusion in Boulenger's mind
with the other Dominican species which he called copei Steindachner. This form,
as is pointed out elsewhere, is so unlike Steindachner's excellent figure of copei
that one wonders how both Giinther and Boulenger can have applied this name
to the Dominican individuals. Copei has been, with fear and trembling, made to
replace piciwroiMsGarman ; it had no type-locality; while the Dominica sphaero-
dactyls are here called monilifer. This is only a provisional arrangement until
the type can be critically examined. It may even develop that there is but one
species, monilifer, in Dominica and that that has been confused with microlepis
thus accounting for the Dominican records for the latter species.

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 269

33. Sphaerodactylus eleganttjlus Barbour.
Plate 9, fig. 2; Plate 25, fig. 5-8.

Sphaerodactylus elegantulus Barbour, Proc. Biol. soc. Wash., 1917, 30, p. 163.

Type-locality: — Antigua.

Type: — M. C. Z. 12,084, a very young and therefore misleading specimen.
Dr. D. W. Griswold.

Distribution: — Antigua.

Diagnosis: — Medium sized, with rather large keeled, imbricate dorsals of
which twelve or thirteen equal the distance from tip of snout to centre of eye ; a
middorsal zone of scales of decidedly lesser size; only three large supralabials
and the anterior pair of these bordered by only five large scales in the basal
loreal row.

Description of type: — Snout rather short but acute, the distance from tip of
snout to eye being about equal to distance of ej^e from ear-opening, and more
than twice the diameter of the eye, which is rather small; rostral rather large
with a median cleft behind; nostril between rostral, first supralabial, one or two
small postnasals and a decidedly enlarged supranasal which is separated from its
fellow on the opposite side by a single scale, slightly smaller than one of the
supranasals ; these three scales border the rostral posteriorly ; three large supra-
labials to below the centre of the eye ; above the centre of the eye the usual spine-
like scale is present; top of head covered with tiny granules increasing in size
upon the neck; back covered with larger keeled slightly imbricating scales and
with a very narrow ill-defined median dorsal zone of scales of much reduced size,
these characters evident in adult; in the yoimg type 13 scales or in the adults 9
scales, counting in a straight line on the middorsal region are equal to the distance
from the tip of the snout to the middle of the eye ; scales of chest and belly round,
smooth, and slightly imbricating, scales of throat granular, of limbs granular
in young type, swollen, keeled, but nonimbricating, in adults; scales of tail in
whorls, squarish, flat, not imbricating in young type, slightly imbricating in
adult, a subcaudal series of enlarged scales, mental large, as large as rostral,
followed by a very large, a medium sized and a very small infralabial; two small
squarish postmentals slightly enlarged.

Colour: — Rich mahogany-brown, the head lighter than the body; very
narrow pure white cross-bands arranged as follows, one on nape, one just ante-
rior to and another just behind fore limbs, two across midbody, one just before

270 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

and another behind the hind limbs, four on tail, the two distal rings more or less
broken into dots; tip of tail pale. The rings are very sharply defined, equi-
distant from each other. The belly is gray and the rings do not extend beyond
the brown areas of the sides.

Dimensions: — Adult. Tip of snout to vent 54 mm.

Vent to tip of tail 28 mm.

Greatest width of head 5 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 5 mm.

Fore leg 6.5 mm.

Hind leg 9 nam.

Remarks: — I described this species from a single specimen which proves to
have been a very young one. Its scales on back and shoulders were so tiny as to
appear really granular. Hence, I associated it with elegans and torrei and con-
cluded that it might easily be adult for elegans is excessively small and strikingly
similar in colouration. In 1918, however, Mr. W. R. Forrest sent me five addi-
tional sphaerodactyls from English Harbour, Antigua. Two tiny j'oung, one
half-grown and two large specimens. Of these five specimens the males are
absolutely plain uniform brown in colour, the females are speckled, "pepper and
salt" colom*. The two little examples which are very small agree closely in size
but not in colour, with the type, i. e. being about 30 nun. in total length and with
it they agree remarkably in scutation. The middorsal granidar zone which is
really not particularly well defined is only seen under high magnification. The
adults, however, completely change the deduction as to affinities and it is clear
that this form belongs with pidus, sputator, and allied species.

34. Sphaerodactyltjs vincenti Boulenger.
Plate 9, fig. 3; Plate 26, fig. 1-4.

Sphaerodactylus vincenti Boulenger, Proc. Zool. soc. London, 1891, p. 354.

Type-locality: — St. Vincent.

Types: — M. C. Z. 10,788 one specimen. One of the Cotypes from the
British Museum.

Distribution: — Confined to the Island of St. Vincent.

Diagnosis: — Medium sized, having keeled scales on chest and perfectly
smooth scales on the belly; small keeled scales on sides of back about twelve
equalling the distance of tip of snout from centre of eye; scales of middorsal
region reduced in size but not to form a well-defined granular zone.

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 271

Description: — M. C. Z. 10,788, St. Vincent, H. H. Smith. Cotype received
from the British Museum. Snout moderately pointed; eye midway between
tip of snout and ear; rostral mediimi with median groove; nostril between
rostral, first supralabial, a small supranasal and one small postnasal; the two
supranasals are separated by one median scale; fourth and fifth, both small,
infranasals beneath eye; superciliary spine present; head above and on sides
covered with tiny keeled granules, very shghtly enlarged on snout; scales of back
except middorsal region small, keeled about twelve equalling the distance of tip
of snout from centre of eye ; scales of middorsal region smaller but not forming a
distinct granular zone; mental large followed by a few enlarged postmentals;
scales of throat small hexagonal or roundish; scales of chest and belly larger,
roundish, imbricating, the former keeled, the latter (ventrals) perfectly smooth;
scales of tail very small, in circles; an enlarged subcaudal median series.

Colour: — "Brown above, head hghter; a pale, dark-edged V-shaped marking
may be present at the base of the tail; lower parts pale brown the scales edged
with darker; tail coral-red, all over or only on the lower surface." (Boulenger,
he. cit.).

Dimensions: — Tip of snout to vent 20 mm.

Vent to tip of tail 27 mm.

Greatest width of head 5 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 8 mm.

Fore leg 8 mm.

Hind leg 10 mm.

(Boulenger, loc. cit.).

Remarks: — This species is very closely allied to microlepis the only funda-
mental difference being the smooth instead of keeled ventrals. Of its habits or
distribution on the island we have only a line of information. Boulenger states
that the types were found on the ground, under rotting leaves, in damp forest.

35. Sphaerodactylus monilifer, sp. nov.
Plate 9, fig. 4; Plate 26, fig. 5-8.

Sphaerodactylus copii (sic) Gunther, Ann. mag. nat. hist., 18S8, ser. 6, 2, p. 363 {nee Steindachner).

Type-locality: — Dominica.

Type:— M. C. Z. 10,786.

Distribution: — The type-locality.

Diagnosis: — Medium sized, uniform brown with large dorsal and lateral

272 SPHAERODACTITUS

scales of uneven size and with some scattered granules; the largest scales on
sides about seven, the smaller middorsals about ten or eleven equalling the dis-
tance from tip of snout to middle of eye ; no distinct middorsal zone ; anterior
loreals much enlarged, posterior loreals very small.

Description: — Snout short, not very acute; the distance from tip of snout
to eye being about equal to distance of eye from ear-opening, and more than
twice the diameter of the eye ; rostral large with median cleft above ; nostril be-
tween rostral first upper labial and one supralabial and one small postnasal;
supranasals separated by a group of five, or four, small scales, two of which border
the rostral behind; suture between third large supranasal and the foiu-th very
small one, below centre of eye; over eye the usual spine-like scale; top of head
covered with very minute strongly keeled, very homogeneous granules, not en-
larged on the snout but on the neck increasing rapidly until the much enlarged
and heavily keeled almost tectiform dorsals are reached; laterals much larger
than dorsals but no well-defined middorsal differentiated zone; size of scales as
given in diagnosis; scales of chest keeled, of belly large, rounded, smooth and
imbricate ; scales of limbs enlarged, keeled and irregular in size ; scales of tail in
unreproduced portion in whorls of enlarged scutes with enlarged transverse
plates below^, in reproduced portion fine granular scales, pointed, not in regular
whorls and without large transverse plates below; mental large; bordered poste-
riorly by two enlarged scales, anterior gulars slightly larger than posterior.

Colour: — Uniform rich brown with a conspicuous ocellus on each side just
over the axillar region.

Dimensions: — Tip of snout to vent 30 mm.

Vent to tip of tail ? (reproduced)

Greatest width of head 5 . 5 mm.

Tip of snout to ear 7 . 5 mm.
Fore leg 7 mm.

Hind leg 9.5 mm.

Remarks: — This species is allied to microlepis and vincenii but has a much
less differentiated area of dorsal scales and much larger scales throughout. I
have only seen one specimen but of this the colouration is uniquely different from
any Sphaerodactylus I have ever observed. Giinther called the Dominica indi-
viduals copii (sic) but an examination of Steindachner's excellent figm-e shows
that he had one of the species with the very well-marked middorsal zone and
apparently the Haitian form picturatus of Carman which must now be called

LIST OF SPECIES IN M. C. Z.

273

copei. According to Boulenger (Proc. Zool. soc. London, 1891, p. 351) this is
not the only species found on Dominica, but microlepis occurs there as well as
upon St. Lucia.

Alphabetic list of the species in the collection of the M. C. Z.

6,222

Sphaerodacttlds anthracinus Cope
Bahamas: Andros Island. C. J. Maynard

1888 jS. asper Garman, Types
Plate 7, fig. 3

Sphaerodactylus argivus Garman.

6,223 7 Cayman Brae. C. J. Maynard

13,597 1 Cayman Brae. C. J. Maynard

1888 Cotypes

1888 Cotype, Plate 5, fig. 2,
Plate 16, fig. 5-8

Sphaerodactylus argus Gosse.

8,211

1

Jamaica: Moneague

Henry Bryant

7,034

1

Jamaica : Kingston

Wirt Robinson

1905

Plate 4, fig. 4, Plate 17,
fig. 5-8

12,451

1

Jamaica: Kingston

Wirt Robinson

1905

7,345

60

Jamaica: Kingston

Thomas Barbour

1909

13,593

1

Jamaica: Kingston

Thomas Barbour

1909

13,584- 1

6

Jamaica; Kingston

A. E. Wight

1909

13,589 J

7,353

6

Jamaica: Mandeville

A. E. Wight

1909

7,346

15

Jamaica: Mandeville

Thomas Barbour

1909

Sphaerodactylus cinereus Wagler.

6,271

1

West Indies

James Reed

4,747

3

Cuba: Caibarien

N. H. Bishop

4,74S

1

Cuba: Caibarien

•N. H. Bishop

6,917

7

Cuba: Santiago

Wirt Robinson

1904

7,914

10

Cuba: Herradura

Thomas Barbour

1912

7,915

1

Cuba: Cienfuegos, Soledad

Thomas Barbour

1912

7,916

5

Cuba : San Diego de los Banos

Thomas Barbour

1912

7,917

2

Cuba: Havana

Thomas Barbour

1912

8,.545- 1
8,.547 J
10,912

3

Cuba: Jiguani, Los Negros

Thomas Barbour

1913

1

Cuba: Sierra de Cubitas

Carlos de la Torre

1915

10,844-1

2

Cuba: Cabo San Antonio

Carlos de la Torre

1915

Plate 2, fig. 4, Plate 12,

10,845 J

fig. 4

10,834

1

Cuba: San Antonio de los
Baiios

Thomas Barbour &
W. S. Brooks

1915

11,131-'!

2

Island of Pines: Los Indies

G. A. Link

1915

11,132 J

11,132

11,194

1

Island of Pines: Nueva Gerona Thomas Barbour &

1915

Plate 12, fig. 1-3

3,343

W. S. Brooks
4 Haiti: near Grand Anse River D. F. Weinland 1865 S. aiopej; Cope, Cotypes

274

SPHAERODACTYLUS.

13,456
8,753-
8,754
8,769
9,359-
9,361

13,442

1

Haiti: Jacmel

D. F. Weinland

1865

2

Haiti: Momance

W. M. Mann

1913

1

Haiti: Diquini

W. M. Mann

1913

3

Haiti: Diquini

W. M. Mann

1913

1

Haiti: Contard

G. M. AUen

1919

3,341
3,342

8,771

Sphaerodacttlus copei Steindachner.
1 Haiti: near Grand Anse River D. F. Weinland

3 Haiti: near Grand Anse River D. F. Weinland

1 Haiti: Diquini

W. M. Mann

1865 S. picturalus Cope, Co-
tj-pes

1865 <S. picturalus Cope, Co-
types, Plate 7, fig. 2,
Plate 21, fig. 5-8

1913

6,219
13,452

Sphaerodactylus corticolus Garman.

4 Bahamas: Rum Cay C. J. Maynard 1888 Cotypes, Plate 5, fig. 4,

Plate 18, fig. 1-4
1 Bahamas: New Providence, C. J. Maynard 1912

Nassau

Sphaerodactylus decoratus Garman.

6,220

1

Bahamas: Rum Cay

C. J. Maynard

1888

Type

6,221

1

Bahamas: Andros Island

C. J. Maynard

1888

6,952

25

Bahamas: Andros Island,
Mangrove Cay

Owen Bryant

1904

Plate 1, fig. 1,
fig. 1-4

Plate 10,

6,953

19

Bahamas : Andros Island,
Mangrove Cay

Owen Bryant

1904

S. flavicavdus
Cotypes

Barbour,

13,564

1

Bahamas: Andros Island,
Mangrove Cay

Bahama Exped.

1904

S. flancaydus
Cotypes

Barbour,

Sphaerodacttlus difficilis Barbour.

7,834

1

San Domingo: La Vega

A. H. VerriU

1910

Type

7,835

1

San Domingo : La Vega

A. H. Verrill

1910

5,444

2

San Domingo: Puerto Plata

M. A. Frazar

1885

5,451

1

San Domingo: Samana

M. A. Frazar

1885

8,750

1

Haiti: Grand Riviere

W. M. Mann

1913

9,365-

}

2

Haiti : Grand Riviere

W. M. Mann

1913

9,366

13,458

1

Haiti: Ferronai

G. M. Allen

1919

Sphaerodactylus eleoans MaoLeay.

5,745

1

4,409

1

5,417

3

7,921

10

8,891

3

10,910

1

13,590

1

11,124- \
11,126 j

3

11,191

1

8,749

4

West Indies
Cuba: Caibarien
Cuba: Remedies
10 Cuba: San Diego de los Banos Thomas Barbour
Cuba: Santiago de las Vegas R. V. Chamberlin
Cuba: San Antonio de los

Baiios
Island of Pines

N. H. Bishop

Barbour & Brooks

Island of Pines: Los Indios

W. R. Zappey
G. A. Link

1 Island of Pines: Nueva Gcrona Barbour & Brooks
Haiti: Momance W. M. Maun

1912
1913
1915 Plate 2, fig. 3, Plate 11,

fig. 5-8
1902

1915

1915
1913

13,487-
13,495

15,546-
15,547

LIST OF SPECIES IN M. C. Z. 275

Sphaerodactylus ELEQANTtTLUS Barbour.

12,084 1 Antigua

9 Antigua: St. John

„' , . > 9 Antigua : English Harbour
15,545 '

2 Barbuda

D. W. Griswold

1917

Type, Plate 9, fig. 2,
Plate 25, fig. 5-8

W. R. Forrest

1916

W. R. Forrest

1918

W. R. Forrest

1920

Sphaerodactylus exsul Barbour.

7,894 1 Little Swan Island George Nelson 1912 Type, Plate 7, fig. 1,

Plate 20, fig. 1-4

9,959-'! ^g Little Swan Island George Nelson 1912

9,977 /

Sphaerodactylus fantasticus Dum6ril & Bibron.

10,631-1 50 Guadeloupe G. K. Noble 1914 Plate 8, fig. 1, Plate 22,

10,680 ; fig- 5-8

Sphaerodacttlds festus Barbour

10 622 1 Martinique: Fort de France A. G. Ruthven 1914 Type, Plate 3, fig. 1.

Plate 16, fig. 1-4.
10,623 1 Martinique: Fort de France A. G. Ruthven 1914 Paratype

Sphaerodactylus gibbus Barbour.

13,436 1 Bahamas: Stocky Island C. J. Maynard 1915 Type, Plate 1, fig. 2,

Plate 10, fig. 5-8

13,437

1 Bahamas: Stocky Island

C. J. Maynard

1915

13,435

1 Bahamas : Exuma, Cay opp.
Roseville

C. J. Maynard

1915

14,665

1 Cuba : Guantanamo

C. T. Ramsden

1921

Sphaerodactylus glaucus Cope.
13,570 1 Yucatan: Merida A. Schott Cotype, Plate 14, fig. 5-8

Sphaerodactylus goniorhynchus Cope.

13,457

1

5,833

1

Jamaica?

7,343

10

Jamaica: Bath, Beacon Hill

Thomas Barbour

1909

Plate 4, fig. 3, Plate 16,
fig. 5-8

13,594

1

Jamaica: Kingston

Thomas Barbour

1909

7,338

2

Jamaica: Port Antonio

A. E. Wight

1909

7,240

3

Jamaica: Mandeville

Thomas Barbour

1909

7,354

1

Jamaica: Mandeville

A. E. Wight

1909

7,352

6

Jamaica: Mandeville

A. E. Wight

1909

Sphaerodactylus intermedius Barbour & Ramsden.

12,305 1 Cuba: Matanzas, Sierra de Thomas Barbour 1918 Type, Plate 1, fig. 5,

Hato Nuevo Plate 12, fig. 5-8

13,726 1 Cuba: Matanzas, Sierra de Thomas Barbour 1918

Hato Nuevo

276 SPHAERODACTYLUS.

Sphaerodactylus LiNEOLATtrs Lichtenstein.

13,453 1 Guatemala: Cacao G. P. Gott

11,727 1 Costa Rica: Zent H.S.Blair 1916 Plate 4, fig. 1

7,285 12 Gulf of Panama: San Miquel W.W.Brown 1904

Island

10,934-1 11 Gulf of Panama: Sabago W.W.Brown 1904 Plate 4, fig. 2, Plate 14,

10,944 J Island fig. 1-4

13,455 1 Panama: PuntadePina R. E. McKenney 1904

7,279 2 Gulf of Panama: Taboga Thomas Barbour 1909

Island

13,459 1 Mass.: Salem in fruit G. Tassinari 1919

13,480

6,072

7,300 4 Porto Rico: Loquillo Leonhard Stejneger S. grandisquamis Stej-

neger, Paratypes
12,242 1 Porto Rico: Manati G. M. Allen & 1917 Plate 6, fig. 3

5,436
10,720-
10,724
12,264-
12,269
12,243-
12,255
12,256-
12,259
12,260-
12,263

10,733- 1 13 St. Croix: Fredericksted G. K. Noble 1914 Plate 6, fig. 2, Plate 19,

10,745 j ■ fig. 5-8

10,725-
10,732
13,454

Sphaerodactylus microlepis Reinhardt & Lutken.

10,787 1 St. Lucia G. A. Ramage 1915 Plate 9, fig. 1, Plate 25,

fig. 1-4

SpHAEBOD.^cn'Lus MOLEi Boettger.

8,993 1 Trinidad: Arima Roland Thaxter 1913

12.054 1 Trinidad: Guiaco H.L.Clark 1916

12.055 1 Trinidad: Guiaco H.L.Clark 1916 Plate 1, fig. 4, Plate 13,

fig. 5-8
14,676 1 British Guiana: Maruca River Univ. Mich. Exp.

Sphaerodactylus monilifer Barbour.

10,786 1 Dominica G. A. Ramage 1915 Type, Plate 9, tig. 4,

Plate 26, fig. 5-8

Sphaerodactylus nigrgpunctatu.s Gray.

8,536 1 Cuba: Guantanamo, Monte C. T. Ramsden 1913 Plate 3, fig. 2, Plate 17,

Libano fig. 1-4

SPHAERODACTi-

lus m.\crolepis Giinther.

1

1

4

Mona Island

Porto Rico: Bayamon

Porto Rico: Loquillo

F. E. Lutz
Samuel Garman
Leonhard Stejneger

1914

1
4

Porto Rico: Manati
St. Thomas

G. M. Allen &
J. L. Peters
Samuel Garman

1917
1878

5

St. Thomas

G. K. Noble

1914

6

St. Thomas

J. L. Peters

1917

13

Tortola: Roadtown

J. L. Peters

1917

4

Virgin Gorda

J. L. Peters

1917

4

Anegada

J. L. Peters

1917

13

St. Croix: Fredericksted

G. K. Noble

1914

8

St. Croix: Christiansted

G. K. Noble

1914

St. Croix

A. G. Ruthven

LIST OF SPECIES IN M. Z. C.

277

8,212
4,317
4,386
13,463-
13,469
13,470-
13,474
13,479
6,974
6,971
6,972
8,213
13,443-
13,446
13,475-
13,478
7,919
7,920
8,513

11,059-
11,060
8,542-
8,543
10,914
11,215

13,460-

13,462

13,447-

13,451

13,595-

13,596

11,195-

11,198

7,033
7,276

13,727

6,071

7,337

13,591
13,592

7,818

SpHAERODACTYLUS NOTATOS Baird.

1 Mass. : Boston in fruit
1 Fla. : Key West
1 Fla.: Key West
7 Fla. : Dade Co., Royal Palm
Hammock

5 Fla. : Upper Matacumbe Key W. S. Brooks

L. F. de Pourtales
Samuel Garman
C. A. Mosier

W. S. Brooks
Thomas Barbour
Thomas Barbour
Thomas Barbour

C. J. Maynard

1 Fla.: Big Pine Key

1 Bahamas: Little Abaco

1 Bahamas: Stranger's Cay

2 Bahamas: New Providence
1 Bahamas: New Providence
4 Bahamas: Exuma: Cay opp.

Roseville

4 Bahamas: Little Woman's Key C. J. Maynard

1 Cuba : San Diego de los Banos Thomas Barbour
1 Cuba: Cienfuegos, Soledad

1 Cuba: Guantanamo, Monte

Libano

2 Cuba: Guantanamo, San

Carlos

2 Cuba: Jiguani, Los Negros Thomas Barbour

Thomas Barbour
Thomas Barbour

C. T. Ramsden

1 Cuba: Guane
1 Cuba: Baracoa, Cueva de la
Majana

3 Cuba: Cananova

Barbour & Brooks
V. J. Rodriguez

V. J. Rodriguez

1878
1919

1920

1920 .
1904
1904
1904

1915

1915

1912
1912
1913 Plate 3, fig. 3

1915
1913
1915

1919

1918

5 Cuba: Oriente, Siboney V. J. Rodriguez

2 Cuba: Oriente, Cape Maisi V. J. Rodriguez
4 Islandof Pines: Sierra deCasas Barbour & Brooks 1915 Plate 20, fig. 5-

Sphaerodactylds oxyrrhinus Gosse

1 Jamaica?

2 Jamaica: Port Antonio

A. E. Wight

S. dacnicolor Barbour,
Cotypes, Plate 6, fig. 1,
Plate 16, fig. 1-4

SpHAERODACTYLUS pacificus Stejnsger.

1 Cocos Island P. BioUey

SpHAERODACTYLUS pictus Garman.

1902 Paratype, Plate 1, fig. 3,
Plate 13, fig. 1-4

2 St. Christopher

Samuel Garman 1879 Cotypes, Plate 8, fig. 2,

Plate 23, fig. 1-4

SpHAERODACTYLUS richardsonii Gray.

1 Jamaica: Kingston Thomas Barbour 1909 Plate 5, fig. 3, Plate 19,

fig. 1-4
1 Jamaica: Kingston Thomas Barbour 1909

1 Jamaica: Kingston Thomas Barbour 1909

1 Jamaica: Montego Bay H. L. Clark 1912

278 SPHAERODACT^XUS.

Sphaerodactylus scaber Barbour & Ramsden.

12,304 1 Cuba: Camagviey, Sierra de Thomas Barbour 1918 Type

San Juan de los Perros
13,438-1 4 Cuba; Camagiiey, Sierra de Thomas Barbour 1918 •

13,441 J San Juan de los Perros

7,952 1 Cuba: Sierra de Jatibonico Barnum Brown 1912 Plate 3, fig. 4, Plate 22,

fig. 1-4

Sphaerodactvlus TORRE! Barbour.

6,916

3

Cuba: Santiago de Cuba

Wirt Robinson

1904

Cotypes

8,508

1

Cuba: Guantanamo, San
Carlos

C. T. Ramsden

1913

Plate 2, fig. 2, Plate 11,
fig. 1^

13,482- \

5

Cuba: Guantanamo, San

C. T. Ramsden

1913

13,486 J

Carlos

8,510

1

Cuba: Cabo Cruz

Thomas Barbour

1913

Plate 2, fig. 1

13,481

1

Haiti : Thomazeau

G. M. Allen

1919

Sphaerodactylus vincenti Boulenger.

10,788

1

St. Vincent

1915

Cotype, Plate 9, fig. 3

Plate 26, fig. 1-4

Thirty-six islands and six mainland countries are represented by specimens
in the collection.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

The dorsal scales shown on Plate 10-26 are those equal to the distance from tip of
snout to centre of eye in each species illustrated.

PLATE 1.

PLATE 1.

Fig. 1. Sphaerodactylus decoratus Garman.

M. C. Z. 6,952. Mangrove Cay, Andros Island, Bahamas. Owen Bryant. 1904.
Fig. 2. Sphaerodactylus gibbus Barbour. Type.

M. C. Z. 13,436. Exuma Cays, Stocky Island, Bahamas. C. J. Maynard. 1915.
Fig. 3. Sphaerodactylus pacificus Stejneger. P.\r.\type.

M. C. Z. 13,727. Cocos Island. P. BioUey.
Fig. 4. Sphaerodactylus molei Boettger.

M. C. Z. 12,055. Guiaco, Trinidad. H. L. Clark. 1916.
Fig. 5. Sphaerodactylus intermedius Barbour & Ramsden. Type.

M. C. Z. 12,305. Sierra de Hato Nuevo, Matanzas, Cuba. Thomas Barbour. 1918.

Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Sphaerodact^'lus. Plate i

i

(

/

HELIOTYPE CO. BOSTON

PLATE 2.

PLATE 2.

Fig. 1. Sphaerodactylus torrei Barbour.

M. C. Z. 8,510. Cabo Cruz, Cuba. Thomas Barbour. 1913.
Fig. 2. Sphaerodactylus torrei Barbour.

M.C.Z. 8,508. San Carlos, Guantanamo, Cuba. C. T. Ramsden. 1913.
Fig. 3. Sphaerodactylus elegans MacLeay.

M. C. Z. 10,910. San Antonio delosBaiios, Cuba. Barbour & Brooks. 1914.
Fig. 4. Sphaerodactylus cinereus Wagler.

M. C. Z. 10,844. Cabo San Antonio, Cuba. Carlos de la Torre. 1914.

Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoijl.

Sphaerodactylus. Plate 2

HELIOTYPE CO. BOSTON

PLATE 3.

PLATE 3.

A. G. Ruthven. 1914.

Fig. 1. Sphaerodactylus festus Barbour.

M. C. Z. 10,622. Fort de France, Martinique.
Fig. 2. Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus Gray.

M. C. Z. 8,536. Monte Libano, Guantanamo, Cuba. C. T. Ramsden. 1915.
Fig. 3. Sphaerodactylus notatus Baird.

M. C. Z. 8,513. Monte Libano, Guantanamo, Cuba. Thomas Barbour. 1913.
Fig. 4. Sphaerodactylus scaber Barbour & Ramsden.

M. C. Z. 7,952. Sierra de Jatibonico, Cuba. Barnum Brown.

Mem. Mils. Conip. Zoiil.

Sphaerodactylus. Plate 3

HELIOTYPE CO. BOSTON

PLATE 4.

PLATE 4.

Fig. 1. Sphaerodactylus lineolatus Lichtenstein.

M. C. Z. 11,727. Zent, Costa Rica. H.S.Blair.
Fig. 2. Sphaerodactylus lineolatus Lichtenstein.

M. C. Z. 10,934. Saboga Island, Gulf of Panama W. W. Brown. 1904.
Fig. 3. Sphaerodactylus goniorhj-nchus Cope.

M. C. Z. 7,343. Beacon Hill, Bath. Jamaica. Thomas Barbour. 1909.
Fig 4. Sphaerodactylus argus Gosse.

M. C Z. 7,034. Kingston, Jamaica, Wirt Robinson. 1905.

Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Sphaerodactylus. Plate 4

HELIOTYPE CO. BOSTON

PLATE 6.

PLATE 6.

Fig. 1. Sphaerodactylus oxyrrhinus Cope.

M. C. Z. 7,276. {S. daaiicolorBarhouT. Cotype). Port Antonio, Jamaica. A.E.Wight. 1909.
Fig. 2. Sphaerodactylus argivus Garman. Type.

M. C. Z. 13,597. Cayman Brae. C. J. Maynard. 1888.
Fig. 3. Sphaerodactylus richardsonii Gray.

M. C. Z. 7,337. ICingston, Jamaica. Thomas Barbour. 1909.
Fig. 4. Sphaerodactylus corticolus Garman. Cotype.

M. C. Z. 6,219. Rum Cay, Bahamas. C. J. Maynard. 1888.

Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Sphaerodactylus. Plate 5

HELIOTYPE CO. BOSTON

PLATE 6.

PLATE 6.

Fig. 1. Sphaerodactylus gilvitorques Cope. Type.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 7,555. Jamaica.
Fig. 2. Sphaerodactylus macrolepis Giinther.

M. C. Z. 10,735. Fredericksted, St. Croix. G. K. Noble. 1914.
Fig. 3. Sphaerodactylus macrolepis Giinther.

M. C. Z. 12,242. Manati, Porto Rico. G. M. Allen & J. L. Peters. 1917.

Mem. Mus. Coinp. Zool.

Sphaerodactylus, Plate 6

HELIOTYPE CO. BOSTON

PLATE 7.

PLATE 7.

Fig. 1. Sphaerodactylus exsul Barbour. Type.

M. C. Z. 7,894. Little Swan Island. George Nelson. 1912.
Fig. 2. Sphaerodactylus copei Steindachner.

M. C. Z. 3,342. (S. jricluratus Garman. Type). Grand Anse River, Haiti. D. F. Weinland.
1865.
Fig. 3. Sphaerodactylus anthracinus Cope.

M. C. Z. 6,222. (S. asper Garman. Type). Middle Bight, Andros Island, Bahamas. C J.
Maynard. 1888.

Mem. Mus. Comp. ZoiJl.

Sphaerodactylus. Plate

HELIOTVPE CO. BOSTON

PLATE 8.

PLATE 8.

Sphaerodactylus fantasticus Dum^ril & Bibron.

C. Z. 10,631. Guadeloupe. G. K. Noble. 1914.

Sphaerodactylus pictus Garman. Type.
. C. Z. 6,071. St. Christopher. Samuel Garman. 1S79.

Sphaerodactylus sputator (Sparrman). Cottpe.
Royal Mus. Stockholm. St. Eustatius.
The largest of three cotj'pes. Bror Hallberg, del.
Fig. 4. Sphaerodactylus sputator (Sparrman). Cotype.
Royal Mus. Stockholm. St. Eustatius.
The smallest of three cotypes. Bror Hallberg, del.

Fig.

1.

M.

Fig.

2.

M,

Fig.

3.

Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Sphaerodactjlus. Plate S

HELIOTYPE CO. BOSTON

PLATE 9.

PLATE 9.

Fig. 1. Sphaerodactylus microlepis Reinhardt & Lutken.

M.C. Z. 10,7S7. St Lucia. G. A. Ramage. 1915.
Fig. 2. Spliaerodactylus elegantulus Barbour. Type.

M. C. Z. 12,084. Antigua. D. W. Griswold. 1917.
Fig. 3. Sphaerodactylus vincenti Boulenger Cotype,

M. C. Z. 10,788. St. Vincent.
Fig. 4. Sphaerodactylus monilifer Barbour. Type.

M. C. Z. 10,786. Dominica. G. A. Ramage. 1915.

Mem. Mus. Comp. ZoiJl.

Sphaerodactjlus. Plate 9

HELIOTVPE CO. BOSTON

PLATE 10.

PLATE 10.

Fig. 1-4. Sphaerodactylus decoratus Garman.

M. C. Z. 6,952. Cf. Plate 1, fig. 1.
Fig. 5-8. Sphaerodactylus gibbus Barbour.

M. C. Z. 13,436. Cf. Plate 1, fig. 2.

Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Sphaerodactjlus. Plate lo

HELIOTVPE 00. SOSTON

PLATE 11.

PLATE 11.

Fig. 1-4. Sphaerodactylus torrei Barbour.

M. C. Z. 8,508. Cf. Plate 2, fig. 2.
Fig. 5-8. Sphaerodactylus elegans MacLeay.

M. C. Z. 10,910. Cf. Plate 2, fig. 3.

Mem. Mus- Comp. Zool.

Sphaerodactylus. Plate ii

HELIOTYPE CO. BOSTON

PLATE 12.

PLATE 12.

Fig. 1-3. Sphaerodactylus cinereus Wagler.

M. C. Z. 11,194. Island of Pines. Barbour & Brooks.
■ Fig. 4. Sphaerodactylus einereus Wagler.

M. C. Z. 10,845. Cabo San Antonio, Cuba, C. de la Torre.
Fig. 5-8. Sphaerodactylus intermedius Barbour & Ramsden.
M. C. Z. 12,305. Cf. Plate 1, fig. 5.

Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Sphaerodactj'Ius. Plate 12

HELIOTYPE CO. BOSTON

PLATE 13.

PLATE 13.

Fig. 1-4. Sphaerodactylus pacificus Stejneger.

M. C. Z. 13,727. Cf. Plate 1, fig. 3.
Fig. 5-8. Sphaerodactylus molei Boettger.

M. C. Z. 12,055. Cf. Plate 1, fig. 4.

Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Sphaerodactylus. Plate 13

HELIOTVPE CO. BOSTON

PLATE 14.

PLATE 14.

Fig. 1-4. Sphaerodactylus lineolatus Lichtenstein.

M. C. Z. 10,934. Cf. Plate 4, fig. 2.
Fig. 5-8. Sphaerodactylus glaucus Cope.

M. C. Z. 13,570. Merida, Yucatan. A. Schott.

Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Sphaerodactylus. Plate 14

HgLKiTYPE 00. aoeroN

PLATE 15.

PLATE 16.

Fig. 1-4. Sphaerodactylus festus Barbour.

M. C. Z. 10,622. Cf. Plate 3, fig. 1.
Fig. 5-8. Sphaerodactylus goniorhynchus Cope.

M. C. Z. 7,343. Cf. Plate 4, fig. 3.

Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Sphaerodactvlus. Plate 15

w^^Sss-.,

HELIOTVPE CO. BOSTON

PLATE 16.

PLATE 16.

Fig. 1-4. Sphaerodactylus oxyrrhinus Gosse.

M. C. Z. 7,276. d. Plate 5, fig. 1.
Fig. 5-8. Sphaerodactylus argivus Gannan.

M. C. Z. 13,.597. Cf. Plate 6, fig. 2.

Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Sphaerodactylus. Plate i6

HELIOTYPE CO. BO.ST0N

PLATE 17.

PLATE 17.

Fig. 1-4. Sphaerodaetylus nigropunctatus Gray.

M. C. Z. 8,536. Cf. Plate 3, fig. 2.
Fig. 5-8. Sphaerodaetylus argus Gosse.

M. C. Z. 7,034. Cf. Plate 4, fig. 4.

Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Sphaerodactylus. Plate 17

"^^^^ffiS

HELIOTYPE CO. BOSTON

PLATE 18.

PLATE 18.

Fig. 1-4. Sphaerodactylus corticolus Garman.

M. C. Z. 6,219. Cf. Plate 5, fig. 4.
Fig. 5-8. Sphaerodactylus gilvitorques Cope.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 7,555. Cf . Plate 6, fig. 1 .

Mem. Mils Comp. Zool.

Sphaerodactylus. Plate iS

MELIOTVPE 00. BO3T0N

PLATE 19.

PLATE 19.

Fig. 1-4. Sphaerodactylus richardsonii Gray.

M. C. Z. 7,337. Cf. Plate 5, fig. 3.
Fig. 5-8. Sphaerodactylus macrolepis Giinther.

M. C. Z. 10,735. Cf. Plate 6, fig. 2.

Mem. Mus Comp. Zool.

Sphaerodactylus. Plate 19

HELIOTVPE CO. BOSTON

PLATE 20.

PLATE 20.

Fig. 1-4. Sphaerodactylus exsul Barbour.

M.C.Z. 7,894. Cf. Plate?, fig. 1.
Fig. 5-8. Sphaerodactylus notatus Baird.

M. C. Z. 11,198. island of Pines. Barbour & Brooks.

Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Sphaerodactylus. Plate 20

HELIOTYPE 00. 806TON

PLATE 21.

PLATE 21.

Fig. 1-4. Sphaerodactylus anthracinus Cope.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 7,558. Bahamas.
Fig. 5-8. Sphaerodactylus copei Steindachner.

M. C. Z. 3,342. Cf. Plate 7, fig. 2.

Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Sphaerodactylus. Plate 21

HELIOTYPE CO. BOSTON

PLATE 22.

PLATE 22.

Fig. 1-4. Sphaerodactylus scaber Barbour & Ramsden.

M. C. Z. 7,952. Cf. Plate 3, fig. 4.
Fig. 5-8. Sphaerodactylus fantasticus Dum6ril & Bibron.

M.C.Z. 10,631. Cf. Plate 8, fig. 1.

Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Sphaerodactylus. Plate 22

HELIOTYPE 00. BOSTON

PLATE 23.

PLATE 23.

Fig. 1-4. Sphaerodactylus pictus Garman.

M. C. Z. 6,071. Cf. Plate 8, fig. 2.
Fig. 5-8. Sphaerodactylus becki Schmidt.

Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 12,595. Navassa.

Mrs. William Beutenmiiller, del.

Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Sphaerodactylus. Plate 23

HELIOTYPE CO. BOSTON

PLATE 24,

PLATE 24.

Fig. 1-8. Sphaerodactylus sputator (Sparnnan).
Royal Mus. Stockholm. Cf. Plate 8, fig. 3, 4.

Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Sphaerodactylus. Plate 24

HELIOTYPE 00. BOSTON

PLATE 25.

PLATE 26.

Fig. 1-4. Sphaerodactylus microlepis Reinhardt & Liitken.

M. C. Z. 10,787. Cf. Plate 9, fig. 1.
Fig. 5-8. Sphaerodactylus elegantulus Barbour.

M. C. Z. 12,084. Cf. Plate 9, fig. 2.

Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Sphaerodactylus. Plate 25

■<^\ K

HELWTyPE 00. BoeroN

PLATE 26.

PLATE 26.

Fig. 1-4. Sphaerodactylus vincenti Boulenger.

M. C. Z. 10,788. Cf. Plate 9, fig. 3.
Fig. 5-8. Sphaerodactylus monilifer Barbour.

M. C. Z. 10,786. Cf. Plate 9, fig. 4.

Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Sphaerodactylus. Plate 26

HELIOTYPE 00. BOSTON

\

kj^'

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