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MEMOIRS
OF
THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
VoL. 8, No. 3
~ Vegetation of Nyasaland. Report on the Vernay Nyasaland Expedition
ee ee ev ne L. J. Brass 161
< _ Plants Collected by the Vernay Nyasaland Expedition of 1946
J. P. M. Brenan and Collaborators 191
Issued 23 June 1953
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Vol. 8 No. 3 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN June 23, 1953
VEGETATION OF NAYASALAND
REPORT ON THE VERNAY NYASALAND EXPEDITION OF 1946
i. J. BRASS
INTRODUCTION
The Vernay Nyasaland Expedition of the American Museum of Natural His-
tory, on which I represented the New York Botanical Garden, was sponsored
and led by Mr. Arthur S. Vernay, a trustee of the Museum and a member of the
Council of the Garden. Other members of the party were Dr. Harold E. Anthony,
Chairman of the Department of Mammals, American Museum, and the late Capt.
Guy C. Shortridge, Director of the Kaffrarian Museum, King William’s Town,
South Africa.
The history of Nyasaland may be said to have begun in 1859, when a party
led by David Livingstone, the great explorer-missionary, ascended the Shire
River by steam launch from the Zambezi and examined southern parts of the
country. Missionaries and traders, following Livingstone, were soon in conflict
with Arab slavers and their native allies, and in order to cope with this situation
Britain, in 1889, proclaimed a protectorate over the Shire Highlands, in the
southern part of the area now included in Nyasaland. Two years later, the name
‘Protectorate of British Central Africa was applied to all territories then under
British influence north of the Zambezi, including, in addition to all of Nyasaland,
parts of Tanganyika and Northern Rhodesia. In 1893 the title British Central
Africa was confined officially to Nyasaland, and in 1907 the title was changed to
Nyasaland Protectorate.
Beginning in May and ending in October, our work in Nyasaland was car-
ried out in the dry season of 1946 (Brass 1948). The principal zoological in-
terest of the expedition was in mammals, but some atténtion was given to the
collection of reptiles and amphibians, fishes, and insects. The plant collections
of the expedition comprised 2004 numbers, including 235 of non-vascular crypto-
gams. An average of 6.2 herbarium sets was collected in vascular plants.
The taxonomic work on the flowering plants, ferns, and fern allies was under-
taken by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. This work is still in progress. Except
for some few species which I could identify with reasonable certainty in the field,
and the mosses, determined by Edwin B. Bartram, the plant names cited in this
report rest on the authority of lists received from Kew. All but the following
groups were determined by J. P. M. Brenan: ferns (F. Ballard); grasses (C. E.
Hubbard); sedges (E. Nelmes); orchids (V. S. Summerhayes); Ranunculaceae,
Menispermaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Capparidaceae, Violaceae, Kiggelaria, Pit-
tosporaceae, Polygalaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Hypericaceae, Guttiferae, Diptero-
Carpaceae, Geranium, Crassocephalum, Acanthaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Eriosema
(E. Milne Redhead); Anacardiaceae (except Lannea and Sorindeia), Allophyllus,
Lantana, Lippia, Rhynchosia (R. D. Meikle); Melianthaceae (B. Verdcourt);
Brachystegia (A. C. Hoyle); Alepidea (H. Weimarck); Gesneriaceae (B. L. Burtt),
Amaranthaceae (K. Suessenguth); Proteaceae (R. D. Meikle and J. P. M. Brenan);
Lobelia (E. Wimmer); Agathisanthemum, Kohautia, Oldenlandia, Pavetta (C. FE. B.
Bremekamp). -
New species described, or being described, from the collections of the Vernay
Expedition are indicated in the following pages by an asterisk. My serial collec-
tion numbers are given for plants which are as yet undetermined.
161
%
162 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANIC AL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
PHYSICAL FEATURES AND GEOLOGY
From the prominence of its mountains and lakes, Nyasaland has been called
the ‘‘Scotland of Africa’’ by an admirer of its scenic beauties. About 520 miles
in length and from 10 to 130 miles in width, it has an area of approximately
37,890 square miles. To the northwest is Northern Rhodesia, to the north and
northeast Tanganyika Territory, and bordering its southern half Mozambique or
Portuguese East Africa.
To quote from Dixey (1932): ‘*The dominant feature in the physiography
of the country is the deep, trough-like depression, forming part of the Great
Rift Valley, that traverses it from end to end; the greater part of this trough
is occupied by Lake Nyasa and the remaining part by the Shire River. The
country on either side of the trough is made up of high plateaux. For example,
that lying west of the lake stands mainly between 3,300 and 4,400 feet above sea-
level. Near Dedza it rises to about 5,000 feet and towards the northern end of
the lake the Vipya, Nyika, Mafingi and Misuku uplands rise to altitudes of 6,000
to 7,500 or even 8,000 feet. South of the lake the Shire Highlands plateau is sur
mounted by the Mlanje Mountains, rising to nearly 10,000 feet, and the Zomba up-
lands to about 7,000 feet.
‘‘Lake Nyasa stands at an elevation of about 1,520 feet, and the adjacent
lake plains rise to about 1,700 feet; the southern part of the rift, occupied by
the Lower Shire, stands only at 200 to 300 feet above sea-level.
“‘Owing to the manner in which it is traversed by the rift valley a large
Proportion of the Protectorate is more or less of mountainous character; this is
particularly the case along the sides of the rift valley, which are generally steep
locally and even precipitous. Apart from the floor of the Upper and the Lower
Shire Valley, almost the only country of fairly even surface comparable with the
greater part of Southern and Northern Rhodesia is the Angoniland plateau, which
indeed is merely an extension of the great Rhodesian plateau.”’
Lake Nyasa, the third largest lake in Africa, is 350 miles long, 20 to 50 miles
wide, and near its northern end over 300 fathoms deep. Smaller lakes include
Lake Chiuta and shallow, brackish Lake Chilwa on the eastern Portuguese border.
Lake Chilwa has no outlet.
With the exception of an area on the eastern Portuguese border which drains
in part east to the Lujenda River and in part to Lake Chilwa, the whole of Nyasa-
land is drained by streams that flow to the Rift and empty into either Lake Nyasa
or its outlet the Shire River, and so, by the Shire, south to the Zambezi. The long-
est river other than the Shire, the South Rukuru, has a length of about 170 miles.
Many of the rivers run throughout the year in their upper course, but are intermit
tent in their lower course through evaporation and absorption in the dry season.
Only a few maintain a yearround flow throughout their entire length.
Dixey (l.c.) states that the basement rocks of Nyasaland consist of a complex
of schists and gneisses, probably Pre-Cambrian, invaded by various intrusives.
Massive intrusions of syenite, well exemplified in Mlanje and Zomba mountains,
constitute prominent orographical features. Isolated blocks of sediments and
lavas of the Karroo System (Permain to Rhaetic) occur as relicts of denudation,
preserved by down-faulting into the older rocks in the Lower Shire Valley, on
Explanation of map on page 163
Map of Nyasaland showing routes and principal collecting localities of the Vernay
Nyasaland Expedition. 1. Blantyre, Shire Highlands. 2. Zomba Plateau. 3. Likubula
Gorge. 4. Luchenya Plateau, Mlanje Mountain. 5. Nchisi. 6. Nyika Plateau. 7. Kasungu.
8. Camp Chibotela, Chia area. 9. Cholo Mountain. 10. Chikwawa.
163
VEGETATION OF NYASALAND
1953]
36°
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SCALE OF MILES
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PORTUGUESE
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By Edwin B. Bartram.
191
‘
192 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
Ditrichum flexifolium (Hook.) Hampe.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, moist, shaded erosion
bank in grassland, 1900 m., 16628. North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, shaded
bare soil on grasslands, 2400 m., 17328; ibid., moist peaty soil in thickets, 2400
m., 17182.
DICRANACEAE
Dicranella subsubulata (Hampe) Jaeg.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, on bauxite soil of an
eroded shady bank, 1890 m., 16618; ibid., terrestrial in moist forest shade, 1890
m., 16725.
Dicranella minuta (Hampe) Jaeg.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, moist shaded erosion
bank in grassland, 2000 m., 16633.
Campylopus inchangae (C. Mill.) Par.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, terrestrial in semi-shade
under Widdringtonia trees, 1890 m., 16553; ibid., rotting stumps of Widdringtonia
trees, 1890 m., 16562; ibid., cushioned on a stump in semi-shade, 1890 m., 16592.
Campylopus paludicola Broth.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, lower trunk of tree in
forest, 1900 m., 16631.
These plants agree well with the original description except for the armature
of the upper leaf-margin, which is here sharply serrate rather than minutely ser-
rulate as described and figured for the Rugege-Wald collection.
Campylopus stramineus (Mitt.) Jaeg.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, on low trees on grasslands, 2300 m.,
17233.
Evidently this is one of the smaller forms mentioned by Rise in his remarks
on the plants from Mt. Kenia (Smithson. Misc. Coll. 69: 10, 11. 1918). The
leaves are less than 4 mm. long and the stems quite short. The costa in section
shows a ventral row of large empty cells and a dorsal band of smaller cells with-
out stereids.
Leucoloma rehmanni C. Mill. ex Par.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, pale bright green, epi-
phyte in river bank forest, 1820 m., 16559; ibid., covering lower trunks of forest
trees,sin deep shade, 1890 m., 16539; ibid., on tree trunks in deep forest shade,
1890 m., 16621.
CALYMPERACEAE
Syrrhopodon obliquirostris C. Mill.
Mlanje District: Mlanje nea, Luchenya Plateau, epiphytic in rain-forest,
1860 m., 16449,
POTTIACEAE
Leptodontium squarrosum (Hook.) Par.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, cushioned on exposed branches of trees,
2250 m., 17307, 17305. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, epi-
phytic in forest, 1820-1850 m., 16587, 16679, 16685, 16814. Zomba District: Zomba
Plateau, abundant on rocks in edge of rain-forest, 1820 m., 16165. Cholo District:
Cholo Mountain, covering rocks in open situations in rain-forest, 1400 m., 17695.
-
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASAL AND 193
These collections show considerable variation in the form of the leaf-apex
just as L. sulphureum (C. Mill.) Mitt. does in tropical America. The forms with
more slenderly acuminate leaves present no other distinguishing characters that
I can detect and I doubt if they-are deserving of special recognition.
Hyophila zeyheri (Hampe) Jaeg.
Mlanje District: Likubula Gorge, terrestrial in shade of a termite mound, 840
m., 16389,
FUNARIACEAE
Funaria hygrometrica Hedw.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, disturbed soil on open grasslands, 2400
m., 17329,
SPLACHNACEAE
Tayloria borbonica (Bory) Broth.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, epiphytic in forest, 1820-
1890 m., 16450, 16588, 16620, 16689; ibid., terrestrial in semi-shade under Wid-
dringtonia trees, 1890 m., 16557. North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, moist
peaty soil in thickets, 2340 m., 17193.
To judge from the above collections this species seems to be of frequent oc-
currence on the Luchenya Plateau. As far as I know these are the first records for
the African mainland. It is known from Madagascar and Reunion.
BRYACEAE
. Orthodontium lineare Schwaegr.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, small patch on trunk of
forest tree in deep shade, 1890 m., 16540; ibid., exposed crown of a tall Wid-
dringtonia tree, 1890 m., 16545; ibid., lower trunk of Widdringtonia tree, 2000 m.,
16629.
Mielichhoferia eckloni Hornsch.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, moist peaty soil in thickets, 2340 m.,
17191.
Pohlia elongata Hedw.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, terrestrial in semi-shade,
1890 m., 16554; ibid., moist shaded erosion bank in grassland, 2000 m., 16630,
16632. 7
Recorded from the Kilimanjaro region but otherwise not known from Africa.
These collections seem to be typical in all respects. This species has an almost
cosmopolitan distribution, being known from Europe, Japan, Yunnan, Himalayas,
Philippines, Kerguelen, and North America.
Brachymenium capitulatum Mitt.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, epiphytic in forests,
1820-1860 m., 16448, 16593, 16690. Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, crown of a.
rain-forest tree (on dead wood), 1200 m., 17786.
Anomobryum filiforme (Dicks.) Husn.
-Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, on shaded hard soil in Brachystegia
woodland, 1400 m., 17140.
This species has an extensive north-and-south range on both sides of the At-
lantic Ocean. The present collection represents the southern extremity of the
range in Africa, while in the Western Hemisphere it extends southward through
Mexico and Central America to Ecuador and has been reported from Uruguay by
Mitten.
.
%
194 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
Bryum argenteum Hedw.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; nidbawnlys Plateau, exposed trunks of a
forest tree, 1820 m., 16684 in part.
Bryum capillare Ger
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, lower trunks of forest
trees, 1820 m., 16590.
Bryum truncorum Brid.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, occasional at bases of trees in rain-forest,
1450 m., 16209. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, epiphytic
in forest, 1820 m., 16589, 16686. Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, abundant
on rocks in Brachystegia woodland, 1400 m., 16946. .
MNIACEAE
Mnium longirostrum Brid.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, lower trunks of a tree in montane forest,
2250: Mig df 2 TDs
RHIZOGONIACEAE
Rhizogonium spiniforme (Hedw.) Bruch.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, forming cushions on
forest floor, 1880 m., 16800.
BARTRAMIACEAE
Philonotis afro-fontana (C. Mull.) Par.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, massed on wet, sunny
rock faces in forest, 1800 m., 16692.
Breutelia gnaphalea (Beauv.) Schimp. ?
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, massed on shaded seep-
age slopes, 16461.
ORTHOTRICHACEAE
Macromitrium tenue (Hook. & Grev.) Brid.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, on bamboos in forest,
1820 m., 16560; ibid., on twigs of a forest bamboo, 1820 m., 16565 in part, 16594;
ibid., on isolated low trees on a bleak ridge, 2150 m., 16799; ibid., on bark of a
grassland shrub, 1950 m., 16831. Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, crown of a rain-
forest canopy tree, 1200 m., 17785.
Macromitrium borbonicum (Besch.) Broth.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, small cushions on Vel-
lozia splendens on grasslands, 1960 m., 16857; ibid., cushioned on a relic tree
on grassland, 1960 m., 16856; ibid., epiphytic in forest undergrowth, 1890 m.,
16829,
Macromitrium mannii Jaeg. =
Mlanje District: Mlanje, Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, branches of trees on
riverbanks, 1820 m., 16558; ibid., on exposed trunks of forest trees, 1820 m.,
16683. North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, exposed branch of a tree in montane
forest, 2100 m., 17310.
Schlotheimia percuspidata C. Mull.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, trunk of tree in sunny
forest edge, 1890 m., 16619. Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, exposed trunk
of tree in edge of rain-forest, 1600 m., 17068.
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASAL AND 195
RHACOPIL ACEAE
Rhacopilum capense C. Mill.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, lower trunk of tree, 1550 m., 17050.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, base of tree and log in rain-forest, 1200 m.,
E7727, 17729.
NECKERACEAE
Porotrichum natalense C. Mull.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, trunks of trees in montane forest, 2250
m., 17304.
Porotrichum comorense Hampe.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, seldom fertile, covering lower trunks of tree
in rain-forest, 1300 m., 17694.
HOOKERIACEAE
Daltonia minor Besch.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, carpeting an old log in
deep forest, 1890 m., 16722.
Daltonia patula Mitt.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, amongst the tufted
branchlets of bamboos in forest, 1820 m., 16682; ibid., twigs of a forest bamboo,
1820 m., 16596.
These collections seem to be inseparable from the type gathering from Peak
Clarence, Fernando Po, and the few plants from Usagara Mountains and Kili-
-manjaro represented on the sheet in the Mitten herbarium. They are more robust
but structurally the same. As Mr. Brass’ specimens are ample and in fine fruit
they are a valuable supplement to our meagre knowledge of this rare species.
Lepidopilum lastii Mitt.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, on bamboo twigs in
forest, 1820 m., 16501; ibid., epiphytic in forest, 1820 m., 16688.
Through the kindness of the New York Botanical Garden I have been able to
compare these collections with the type of L. /astii from the Mitten herbarium. Ex-
cepting that the setae in the Nyasaland plants are slightly longer (6-7 mm. in-
stead of 3-4 mm.) the agreement is complete. It has been previously known only
from the original gathering from the Usagara Mountains.
FABRONIACEAE
Rhizofabronia sphaerocarpa (Dus.) Fleisch.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, on stem of tree-fern in montane forest,
2250 m., 17267.
The occurrence of this delicate and beautiful little moss in Nyasaland is a
noteworthy fact. It has been found in Cameroon, Ruwenzori, and Usambara, but
the present collection extends the range appreciably to the southward.
LESKEACEAE
Rhegmatodon secundus Kiaer.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, on trunks of trees in
dense forest shade, 1890 m., 16537.
BRACHY THECIACEAE
Brachythecium salebrosum Bruch., Schimp. & Giimb.
Mlanje District; Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, epiphytic in forest, 1820
m.. 16687.
2
\.
196 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
Rhynchoste gium brachypterum (Hornsch.) Jaeg.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, lower trunk of a tree in rain-forest, 1550
m., 17049,
EN TODONTACEAE
Erythrodontium subjulaceum (C. Mull.) Par.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, exposed trunk of a rain-forest tree, 1200 m.,
178 33.
Entodon dregeanus (Hornsch.) C. Mill.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, base of tree in rain-forest, 1200 m., 17728;
ibid., on a dead log in rain-forest, 1200 m., 17784. Zomba District, Zomba Plateau,
epiphytic on riverbank trees, 1400 m., 1607 3.
Trachyphyllum fabronioides (C. Mull.) Gepp.
Kota-kota District: Chia, base of trees in sandy Brachystegia woodlands, 480
map 7596
SEMATOPHYLLACEAE
Sematophyllum dregei (C. Mull.) Bartr., comb. nov.
Hypnum dregei C., Mull. Syn. 2: 311. 1851.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, epiphytic on forest under-
growth tree, 1890 m., 16830; ibid., on a shaded log in forest, 1890 m., 16726;
ibid., on lower trunk of a Widdringtonia tree, 1890 m., 16555; ibid., terrestrial in
semi-shade under Widdringtonia tree, 1890 m., 16556. Zomba District: Zomba
Plateau, covering trunks of trees in riverine rain-forest, 1450 m., 16207. North
Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, on decaying wood in montane forest, 2250 m,
17 305.
In the Bryophyta of South Africa Simm lists a long series of synonyms for this
species but apparently it has never been included in Sematophyllum before. The
distinctions between Rhaphidorrhynchium and Sematophyllam seem to me to be
too slight to be of generic value.
Sematophyllum caespitosum (Hedw.) Mitt.
_ Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, on granite boulders in bed
of forest shade, 1820 m., 16595.
HYPNACEAE
Mittenothamnium cavifolium (Rehm.) Bartr., comb. nov.
Eurhynchium cavifolium Par. Index 441. 1895.
Mscrothamnium cavifolium (Rehm.) Dix. Jour. Bot. 53: 21. 1915.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, covering rocks in bed of
a forest stream, 1890 m., 16723; ibid., creeping on a log in forest, 1890 m.,
16693; ibid., on lower trunks of forest trees, 1850 m., 16680. Zomba District:
Zomba Plateau, covering moist rocks in rain-forest, 1400 m., 16072. Kota-kota
District: Nchisi Mountain, on dead wood in rain-forest, 1500 m., 17048.
As Cardot does not include this species in his long list of citations (Rev.
Bryol. 40: 20-22. 1913), it seems necessary to validate the new combination.
Mittenothamnium cygnicollum (Hampe) Card.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, lowet trunks of trees in
deep forest shade, 1890 m., 16617.
POLY TRICHACEAE
Pogonatum aloides (Hedw.) Beauv.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, moist clay erosion banks
on grassland, 2000 m., 16657.
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 197
Previously known in Central Africa only from Mt. Ruwenzori, but with a wide
distribution from Madeira and the Canary Islands through Algeria and the Cau-
casus Mts. to the Himalayas, India, and Ceylon.
Polytrichum piliferum Hedw.
Mlanje District: a large cushion, 50 cm. in diameter, on a moist sunny rock,
2240 m., 16627.
Polytrichum commune Hedw.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, massed on sterile soil in
semi-shade, 1860 m., 16453. oan District: Zomba Plateau, locally common on
moist rocky slopes, 1500 m., 16245. North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, oc-
casional on bare ground on grasslands, 2400 m., 17330.
PTERIDOPHYTA‘
MARATTIACEAE
Marattia salicifolia Schrad. Gott. Gel. Anz. 1818: 920. 1818.
Marattia dregeana Pr. Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 9. 1845.
Marattia natalensis Pr. Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 9. 1845.
Marattia fraxinea Sm. var. salicifolia (Schrad.) C. Chr. Cat. Pl. Madag. Pterid. 67.
1932.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, one example in a moist
forested ravine, more or less 1.5 m. high; leaves 2, bipinnate, 1890 m., July 13,
1946, 16818. Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, plentiful along streams in rain-
forest, average plant with 7 arched and spreading leaves, 2 m. long, stipes half
length of leaf, lamina about 1.25 m. wide, 1500 m., July 28, 1946, 17000. Zomba
District: Zomba Plateau, forms large spreading clumps, common in riverine rain-
forest, 3.5 m. high, stem 30-40 cm. high, 20 cm. diam., not branched, stipes of
typical leaf 1.70 m. long, stipes covered with dark brown scales at base, 1400
m., May 28, 1946, 16044. Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, sporadic in rain-forest
gullies, caudex large, more or less 40 cm. high, 50 cm. diam., leaves numerous,
spreading, fleshy, stipes 70-90 cm. long, lamina 160-210 cm. long, 1200 m., Sept.
23, 1946, 17761. Also in South Africa.
OSMUNDACEAE
Osmunda regalis L. Sp. Pl. 1065. 1753.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, abundant on wet shady banks of a stream in
rain-forest, 1.2-1.5 m. high, leaves erect from a short branched stout stem about
15-20 cm. high, pale green, fertile ones much shorter than sterile, 1400 m., May
28, 1946, 16049. Most temperate regions, tropical and South Africa, Mascarenes,
West Indies and tropical America.
SCHIZAEACEAE
Mohria caffrorum (L.) Desv. Mém. Soc. Linn. 6: 198. 1827.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common in sheltered situation on grass-
lands, 30-50 cm. high, leaves erect, 2300 m., Aug. 17, 1946, 17286. Zomba Dis-
trict: Zomba Plateau, common in moist shade under rocks of an exposed summit,
15-40 cm. high, 1500 m., June 2, 1946, 16162. East and South Africa, Mascarenes.
Mohria lepigera (Bak.) Bak. Ann. Bot. 5: 498. 1891.
Notochlaena lepigera Bak. Jour. Bot. 22: 53. 1884.
“By F. Ballard, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
«
<~.
u
\.
198 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common under shelter of
rocks on grassland, 15-30 cm. high, leaves erect, bullate, 2100 m., June 27, 1946,
16484. Tropical east Africa.
GLEICHENIACEAE
Gleichenia polypodioides (L.) J. E. Sm. Mém. Acad. Turin 5: 419, 1793.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, gregarious in small tangles, edges of
montane forest on escarpment, 2100 m., Aug. 17, 1946, 17277. Mlanje District:
Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, massed on sheltered precipitous slopes, 25=
100 cm. high, leaves more or less glaucous below, 1870 m., July 8, 1946, 16741.
South Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, and Amsterdam Island.
HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
Hymenophyllum capillare Desv. Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 333. 1827.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, massed near ground on
1
trunks of Widdringtonia; leaves pendent, brownish, 1890 m., June 30, 1946, 16538; -
ibid., 1750 m., June 25, 1946, 16420. Tropical east and cack Africa, Mascarenes,
and Teiscan d’ Avie,
Hymenophyllum fumarioides Willd. Sp. Pl. 5: 526. 1810.
Hymenophyllum capense Schrad. Gott. Gel. Anz. 1818: 919. 1818.
Hymenophyllum natalense v.d.B. Ned. Kr. Arch. 4: 386. 1859.
Hymenophyllum limminghei v.d.B. Ned. Kr. Arch. 5*: 151. 1863.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, massed on lower trunk of a tree in mon-
tane forest, 2-4 cm. high, 2250 m., Aug. 16, 1946, 17260. Mlanje District: Mlanje
Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, in mass cushions on exposed branches of a tall Wid-
ringtonia tree, about 2 cm. ‘high, 1890 m., June 30, 1946, 16547, 16548. A small
form in which some of the fronds are 1-pinnate only, regarded by Copeland (Phil.
Jour. Sci. 64: 133. 1937) as a geographical segregate of the Australian H. rarum
R. Br. Extends from the Cape, through Nyasaland to the Mascarenes.
Hymenophyllum kuhnii C. Chr. Ind. Fil. 363. 1905.
Hymenophyllum meyeri Kuhn in Engl. Hochgebirgfl. Trop. Afr. 94. 1892. Non Pr.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, in large masses on
trunks of trees along a stream, leaves pendent, 1750 m., June 25, 1946, 16418;
ibid., massed low on tree trunks in moist primary forest, 1890 m., July 13, 1946,
16822. Tropical east Africa, San Thomé, Annobon.
Hymenophyllum polyanthos Sw. Jour. Bot. Schrad. 1800’: 102. 1801.
MeGodium polyanthos (Sw.) Copel. Phil. Jour. Sci. 67: 19. 1938.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, in large masses on tree
trunks in rain-forest, 1800 m., June 25, 1946, 16413; ibid., common epiphyte in
deep forest shade, about 10 cm. high, 1890 m., June 30, 1946, 16535. An aggre-
gate species with an impressive synonymy. Pantropical.
Trichomanes mandioccanum Raddi, Plant. Bras. 1: 64. 1825.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, wet mossy bank of a
stream in forest, leaves stiff, very dark green, 1890 m. » July 13, 1946, 16819. A
species common to Brazil and tropical Africa.
Trichomanes melanotrichum Schlechtend. Adumbr. Fil. 56. 1832?
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, covering moist rocks in rain-forest, 3-4
cm. high, 1500 m., July 28, 1946, 17001. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain;
Luchenya Plateau, massed on lower tree trunks in primary forest, 1890 m., July
13, 1946, 16823. Tropical and South Africa, Mascarenes.
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASAL AND 199
PTERIDACEAE
Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Sp. Pl. 1096. 1753.
Cholo District: Cholo, plentiful on rocks in riverine rain-forest, 30-40 cm.
high, 900 m., Sept. 30, 1946, 17878. An inhabitant of damp places in most tropical
and subtropical countries, extending northwards to Britain. The common maiden-
hair fern which in the tropics is restricted to high altitudes.
Adiantum caudatum L. Mant. 308. 1771.
Mlanje District: Likubula Gorge, on moist shaded rocks in woodlands, prolif-
erous, 1200 m., June 21, 1946, Vernay 16393. A common species of the Old World
tropics and subtropics.
Adiantum poiretii Wikstr. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1825: 443. 1826.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, occasional in edges of montane forest,
30-80 cm. high, rhizome horizontal and shortly creeping, 2340 m., Aug. 19, 1946,
17339. Tropics and subtropics of Africa and islands, India, Central and South
America. Resembles A. aethiopicum L., but laminal nerves end in sinuses be-
tween marginal teeth.
Cheilanthes multifida Sw. Syn. Fil. 129: 334. 1806.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, crowded in moist shade on an exposed rocky
summit, 50-70 cm. high, 1820 m., May 31, 1946, 16123. Mlanje District: Mlanje
Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, primary forest undergrowth, c. 1.5 m. high, clumps
of several leaves, rhizome erect, 1890 m., July 12, 1946, 16804. Tropical east and
South Africa. If Adiantopsis Fée be accepted, the present species would probably
_ be more correctly placed therein.
Doryopteris concolor (Langsd. & Fisch.) Kuhn in Deck. Reis. in Ostafr. 3°: Bot.
19. 1879.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Likubula Gorge, on moist shaded rocks in
woodlands, 1200 m., June 21, 1946, Vernay 16392. Pantropical. This collection
includes fronds showing the typical pteroid condition mixed with others with in-
terrupted sori, generally known as var. kirkii (Hook.) Hieron.
Notholaena buchanani Bak. in Hook. & Bak. Syn. Fil. 373. 1868.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, south-west ridge, in dry shelter of a rock on
grassland, 2150 m., June 28, 1946, 16522*; ibid.; Luchenya Plateau, 1900 m., July
7, 1946, 16704*; ibid., 2200 m., July 11, 1946, 16782*. South Africa, Rhodesia,
Mozambique.
Pellaea doniana (J. Sm.) Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 137. 1858.
Cholo District: Nswadzi River, terrestrial in riverine rain-forest, 80-90 cm.
high, clumps of several arched leaves, rhizome short, horizontal, 840 m., Sept.
29, 1946, 17865. Tropical Africa.
Pellaea dura (Willd.) Bak. Jour. Bot. 18: 327. 1880.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, amongst rocks in Brachystegia woodland,
dry and withered after the rains, about 60 cm. high, 1500 m., July 26, 1946, 16964.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, frequent in dry rocky situations, 25-50 cm. high,
leaves erect, pale, stiff, 1500 m., Jume 2, 1946, 16151. South Africa and
Mascarenes. .
Pellaea goudotii (Kunze) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. 480. 1906.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, frequent under rocks in Brachystegia
woodland, 25-40 cm. high, dry and withered after the rains, 1400 m., July 24,
1946, 16912. South Africa and Mascarenes.
‘
200 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
Pellaea quadripinnata (Forsk.) Prantl, Bot. Jahrb. 3: 420. 1882.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, open place in montane forest, 2350 m.,
Aug. 17, 1946, 17300.* Arabia, east and South Africa, Mascarenes.
Pellaea swynnertoniana Sim, Ferns S. Afr. ed. 2. 213. 1915.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, one clump in a rock crevice in Brachystegia
woodland, 45 cm. high, leaves stiff, grey-green, very brittle, 1500 m., June 4,
1946, 16227. Related to P. calomelanos (Sw.) Link but differs by its ivy-leaf-
shaped pinnules and brown, not blackish, stipes and rachises, Tanganyika through
Rhodesia and Nyasaland to Portuguese East Africa.
Pityrogramma aurantiaca (Hieron.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. Suppl. 3: 138. 1934.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, one clump in a grassy bog, about 30 cm.
high, 2340 m., Aug. 19, 1946, 17331. Tropical Africa.
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn in Deck. Reisen Ost-Afr. 3*: Bot. 11. 1879.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, abundant on grassy edges of bogs and
on disturbed ground on open grassland, 60-100 cm. high, killed back by forest,
2340 m., Aug. 19, 1946, 17327. All temperate and tropical regions, where it fre-
quently constitutes an abnoxious weed. Adopting Tyron’s nomenclature (Rhodora
43. 1941) the present plants become ‘‘P. aquilinum ssp. typicum Tryon var. typi-
cum Tryon.’’ Presumably this should now read ‘‘P. a. ssp. aquilinum var. aquili-
num.’’ Its distribution is said to be Europe, Africa, and islands.
Pteris quadriaurita Retz. Obs. Bot. 6: 38. 1791. sens lat.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, common ground fern in primary rain-
forest, 1~1.5 m. high, leaves few, rhizome ascending, 1550 m., July 30, 1946,
17039. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, forest undergrowth,
180 cm. high, leaves many, arched from a short thick erect caudex, 1890 m., July
6, 1946, 16694. Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, a characteristic fern of the rain-
forest undergrowth, 1-1.2 m. high, leaves few, arched, rhizome ascending, 1200
m., Sept. 24, 1946, 17794. A broad concept of this species complex is adopted
feck In this sense the species is pantropical.
DAVALLIACEAE
Arthropteris monocarpa (Cord.) C. Chr. Cat. Pl. Madag. Pterid. 32. 1932.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common epiphyte in montane forest,
rhizomes climbing, to 2 m. long, leaves distant, 2340 m., Aug. 19, 1946, 17336.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, very abundant, climbing on trees and creeping on
rocks in riverine rain-forest, leaves thin and soft, 30-40 cm. long, 1400 m., May
28, 1946, 16050; ibid., abundant on rain-forest floor, 60-80 cm. high, rhizome
creeping and branching underground in rain-forest floor, 1450 m., June 3, 1946,
16175. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, locally gregarious in
forest undergrowth, 40-60 cm. high, leaves arched, rhizome creeping, 1890 m.,
July 6, 1946, 16703; ibid., low epiphyte in forest, 30-50 cm. high, 1820 m., July
5, 1946, 16672. Throughout tropical east and South Africa and in the Mascarenes;
not so common in west Africa. An oblique articulation is present in the lowermost
third of the stipe. The sori are solitary on the segments and there are usually no
lime-spots on-the upper surface of the fronds as in the related A. orientalis
(Gmel.) Posth.
Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) Pr. Tent. Pterid. 79. 1836.
N. undulata (Afz. ex Sw.) J. Sm. Bot. Mag. 72: Comp. 35 (bis). 1846.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, local on moist sunny banks of creeks, gre-
garious, 50-70 cm. high, leaves erect, pale, tubers produced on rhizomes, 1500
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 201
m., June 7, 1946, 16299. Pantropical. The African form of this common, widely
spread, probably aggregate, species has been known as N. undulata but such
specific segregation is open to doubt.
Oleandra distenta Kunze, Bot. Zeit. 9: 347. 1851.
O. africana R. Bonap. Notes Pterid. 14: 257. 1923.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, climbing and pendent from trees and rocks
in riverine rain-forest, rhizomes several metres long, 1400 m., May 28, 1946,
16061; ibid., stems massed and tangled on a rock on river bank, 1500 m., June 7,
1946, 16320. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common
epiphyte in forest, 1890 m., June 30, 1946, 16534; ibid., common in primary forest,
1890 m., July 12, 1946, 16808. Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, occasional high
epiphyte in rain-forest, 1300 m., Sept. 20, 1946, 17671. Tropical and South Africa,
Mascarenes.
CYATHEACEAE
Cyathea capensis (L.f.) J. E. Sm. Mém. Acad. Turin 5: 417. 1793.
Hemitelia capensis (L.f.) Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 253. 1824.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, plentiful in forest ra-
vines, 2-5 m. high, from plant 2.5 m. high, stem 15 cm. diam. at apex, more slen-
der below, leaves 10, rather flat, spreading, 140-160 cm. long, 1820 m., July 2,
1946, 16600.
Cyathea dregei Kunze, Linnaea 10: 551. 1836.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, in rain-forested gulley, 2-3 m. high, stem
‘2.5 m. tall, 28 cm. thick at base, 21 cm. at apex, simple or producing small lateral
branches, leaves 16, flat-spreading, 160 cm. long, lamina oblanceolate, stipes
45-60 cm. long, pinnae gray below, 1400 m., Aug. 2, 1946, 17102. Zomba Dis-
trict: Zomba Plateau, scattered along banks of streams in open grasslands, tree-
fern up to 6 m. high, leaves 21, more or less 1.5 m. long, leaf segments bullate,
glossy above, 2 small sterile pinnae opposite at base of stipes, flower stem thick-
est at apex, leaf bases not persistent, crown flat-spreading, the specimens from a
plant more or less 4 m. tall x 20 cm. greatest stem, 1770 m., May 31, 1946, 16137.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common and conspicuous in
forest ravines, and often found in grassy gullies away from forest, tree-fern 3-8
m. high, specimen 5 m. tall, stem 35 cm. diam. at apex, leaves 21, 220-240 cm.
long, stem thick, crown umbrella-shaped, leaf bases not persistent, 1820 m.,
July 5, 1946, 16675.
Cyathea usambarensis Hieron, in Engl. Planzenw. Ost.-Afr. C: 88. 1895.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common in a gulley in montane forest,
2-3 m. high, stem 6 cm. thick, including persistent leaf bases of the apical part
of the fibrous remains of leaf bases on the lower part, 2300 m., Aug. 13, 1946,
17209. Tropical east Africa, C. deckenii Kuhn may possibly be the same species
but the original description is inadequate and no authentic material is to hand.
ASPIDIACEAE
Athyrium schimperi Moug. ex Fée, Gen. Fil. (V Mém.) 187. 1850-1852.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, erect in small clumps, moist shady roadside,
leaves more or less fleshy, 1450 m., June 4, 1946, 16204. Abyssinia, Cameroons,
_ Uganda, Tanganyika Territory, South Africa, and north India.
Didymochlaena truncatula (Sw.) J. Sm. Jour. Bot. 4: 196. 1841.
D. lunulata Desv. Prodr. 282. 1827.
‘
202 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, common on banks of streams in rain-
forest, 1-1.5 m. high, leaves arched and spreading from short erect caudex, 10-15
cm. high, 1500 m., July 28, 1946, 17012. Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, one
clump in a rain-forest gulley, 2 m. high, 1200 m., Sept. 23, 1946, 17752. Pan-
tropical with a few geographic variants.
Diplazium arborescens (Bory) Sw. Syn., Fil. 92. 1806.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, occasional in rain-forest gullies, 180-250
cm. high, leaves few, erect from a short stout caudex, petiole 50-60 cm. long,
1200 m., Sept. 23, 1946, 17758. Also in San Thomé and Mascarenes.
Dryopteris bergiana (Schlechtend.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 812. 1891.
Lastrea bergiana (Schlechtend.) Moore, Ind. Fil. 86. 1858.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, gregarious on wet banks of a grass-
land stream, leaves pendent, hanging over the water, 2300 m., Aug. 14, 1946,
17219. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common in forest
openings, more or less 1 m. high, 1820 m., July 1, 1946, 16568; ibid., one example
in forest undergrowth, 80 cm. high, leaves several, arched, rhizome erect, 1890 m.,
July 7, 1946, 16711; ibid., leaves dimorphous, the fertile more erect, and usually
much longer than the sterile, common on edges of streams in dense forest shade,
80-120 cm. high, rhizome erect, 1890 m., July 7, 1946, 16712. Tropical and
South Africa, Madagascar.
Dryopteris dentata (Forsk.) C. Chr. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 6: 24. 1920.
Cyclosorus dentatus (Forsk.) Ching, Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 206. 1938.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, common ground fern in rain-forests, 60-70
cm. high, 1400 m., July 30, 1946, 17045; ibid., frequent on banks of streams in
rain-forest, about 1 m. high, leaves several, erect from a thick erect rhizome,
1500 m., July 28, 1946, 16999. An aggregate species, as generally understood, oc-
curring throughout tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia, and America.
Dryopteris kilemensis (Kuhn) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 813. 1891.
Dryopteris lastiit (Bak.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. 274. 1905.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, montane forest undergrowth, 80-150 cm.
high, 2350 m., Aug. 17, 1946, 17285. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya
Plateau, common locally in forest undergrowths, 80-120 cm. high, leaves several,
arched and spreading from a short erect stalk, 1890 m., July 7, 1946, 16707.
Tropical east Africa.
Dryopteris lanuginosa (Willd. ex Kaulf.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. 273. 1905.
Cténitis lanuginosa (Willd. ex Kaulf.) Copel. Gen. Fil. 124. 1947.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, common in wet gullies in rain-forest, 80-
150 cm. high, leaves arched, 1550 m., July 30, 1946, 17040. Cholo District:
Cholo Mountain, occasional in rain-forest gullies, 1.5-1.8 m. high, leaves few,
arched and spreading from a stout caudex, 20-30 cm. high, 1200 m., Sept. 23,
1946, 17757. Also in west and South Africa and Mascarenes.
Dryopteris oligantha (Desv.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. Suppl. 3: 93. 1934.
Dryopteris inaequalis (Schlechtend.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 813. 1891.
Zomba District: Zomba’ Plateau, rain-forest undergrowth, uncommon, 70-80
cm. high, rhachis horizontal, leaves few, arched, 1400 m., May 28, 1946, 16055.
Throughout tropical and South Africa.
Dryopteris prismatica (Desv.) C. Chr. Dansk Bot. Ark. 7: 202. 1932.
Dryopteris caudiculata (Sieb.) C. Chr. Dansk Bot. Ark. 7: 50. 1932.
Cylosorus prismaticus (Desv.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 10: 248. 1941.
1953] | PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASAL AND 203
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, sporadic in rain-forest gullies, leaves few,
erect, pale green, 1200 m., Sept. 23, 1946, 17764. A Mascarene species allied to
the west African D. venulosa O. Kuntze. Apparently uncommon in tropical east
Africa.
Dryopteris prolixa (Willd.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 813. 1891.
Lastrea prolixa (Willd.) Pr. Tent. Pterid. 75. 1836.
Thelypteris prolixa (Willd.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 10: 254. 1941.
Cholo District: Nswadzi River, terrestrial on shaded river-bank, 840 m.,
Sept. 29, 1946, 17867. Tropical east Africa and Mascarenes. The Asian D,
ochthodes (Kunze) C. Chr. is a close relative.
Dryopteris silvatica (Pappe & Raws.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. 292. 1905.
Goniopteris patens Fée, Gen. Fil. (V Mem.) 253. 1850-1852.
Goniopteris silvatica Pappe & Raws. Syn. Fil. Afr. Austr. 39. 1858.
Cyclosorus silvaticus (Pappe & Raws.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 10:
249. 1941.
Cyclosorus patens (Fée) Copel. Gen. Fil. 143. 1947.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, rain-forest undergrowth, not common, several
leaves c. 2 m. long, spreading from a stout stem c. 30 cm. high, leaves prolif-
erous, 1450 m., June 3, 1946, 16187.* Tropical and South Africa, Mascarenes.
Dryopteris zambesiaca (Bak.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. 301. 1905.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, one clump in a rain-forest gulley, 180 cm.
high, leaves few, erect from a very short caudex, 1200 m., Sept. 23, 1946, 17760.
Tropical east Africa, Mascarenes.
’ Elaphoglossum aubertii (Desv.) Moore, Ind. Fil. 5. 1857.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, terrestrial in montane forest, 30-40
cm. high, 2250 m., Aug. 16, 1946, 17243. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Lu-
chenya Plateau, common on rocks, in dense forest shade, leaf margins undulate,
1890 m., July 12, 1946, 16812. Tropical and South Africa, Mascarenes, tropical
America.
Elaphoglossum conforme (Sw.) Schott, Gen. Fil. pl. 14. 1834.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, massed on exposed branches of a tall
Widdringtonia tree, 20-50 cm. high, leaves stiff, coriaceous. An aggregate pan-
tropical species. The rhizome scales of this specimen are narrower than in the
typical form from St. Helena but in other respects there is general agreement.
Elaphoglossum hybridum (Bory) Moore, Ind. Fil. 10. 1857.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, several tufts on a moist shady bank of river,
leaves sub-pendent, sterile ones up to more or less 60 cm. long, 1500 m., June 7,
1946, 16302. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, frequent on lower trunks of forest
trees, about 40 cm. high, leaves more or less fleshy, only one fertile plant found,
1820 m., July 5, 1946, 16662*. Brass 16302 is a particularly large and robust
specimen resembling forms from the Comoros and Madagascar. Tropical east
Africa, South Africa, tropical America.
Elaphoglossum spathulatum (Bory) Moore, Ind. Fil. 14. 1857.
E. ulugurense Reimers, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. 12: 80. 1934.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, locally gregarious on
shaded mossy rocks in bed of forest stream, 5=12 cm. high, fertile leaves at
first green, late yellow, 1820 m., July 5, 1946, 16671. Northern Rhodesia, South
Africa, Mascarenes, Ceylon. The tropical American E. piloselloides (Pr.) Moore
and E. horridulum (Kaulf.) J. Sm. are closely related.
re
204 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN’ [Vol. 8, No. 3
Polystichum ammifolium (Poir.) C. Chr. Cat. Pl. Madag. Prerid. 31. 1932.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common in montane forest, 50—90 cm.
high, leaves few, arched, 2250 m., Aug. 16, 1946, 17255. Mlanje Diststets Mlanje
Mountain; Luchenya Bicone common in openings in forest, more or less 1.5 m.
high, clumps of several arched leaves from a stout erect stock, 1820 m., July 1,
1946, 16566; ibid., primary forest undergrowth, 80-100 cm. high, several leaves
from a short erect rhizome, 1890 m., July 13, 1946, 16820; ibid., one example in
forest undergrowth, 1 m. high, rhizome erect, 1890 m., July 7, 1946, 16708*. The
teeth in the ultimate divisions of the frond of this species are seldom aristate.
The species seems to belong to a complex of forms centred around the European
P. setiferum (Forsk.) Woynar. Rhodesia, South Africa, Mascarenes.
Tectaria gemmifera (Fée) Alston, Jour. Bot. 77: 288. 1939.
T. coadunata (Wall.) Copel. var. gemmifera (Fée) C. Chr. Dansk Bot. Ark. 7: 67. 1932.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, one plant on bank of stream in rain-forest,
1.5 m. high, leaves few, erect from a horizontal rhizome, 1500 m., July 28, 1946,
17003; ibid., plentiful on rain-forest floor, 60-100 cm. high, 1500 m., July 28,
1946, 17004. Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, seldom fertile, plentiful in rain-
forest undergrowth, 75-150 cm. high, 1200 m., Sept. 23, 1946, 17751. Tropical
Africa, South Africa, Mascarenes.
BLECHNACEAE
Blechnum attenuatum (Sw.) Mett. Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips. 64. 1856.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, up to 1 m. high, leaves stiff, many, from an
erect thick stock up to 20 cm. long, pinnae strongly recurved, 1450 m., June 3,
1946, 16172. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common epi-
phyte on trunks of tree ferns in forest, 60-100 cm. high, fertile leaves shorter
than the sterile, 1880 m., July 8, 1946, 16743. Tropical and South Africa and
Mascarenes. There are forms in South America and Polynesia which may even-
tually prove to be distinct.
Blechnum tabulare (Thunb.) Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 94. 1868.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, abundant in open marshes (now mostly
frost-bitten and brown), 1-1.5 m. high, leaves numerous, arched from a large up-
right stem to 60 cm. tall, 15-20 cm. diam., stem covered with brown rootlets,
fertile leaves somewhat longer than the sterile, 2340 m., Aug. 13, 1946, 17210.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common in moist situations
on open grass slopes, more or less 40-80 cm. high, numerous stiff leaves from the
apex of @ thick prostrate stem about 25-35 cm. long by 10-15 cm. diam., sterile
leaves about two-thirds the length of the fertile, 2140 m., June 27, 1946, 16480.
Tropical and South Africa and Mascarenes. The temperate south American form of
the species has been known as B. magellanicum (Desv.) Mett.
ASPLENIACEAE
Asplenium rutaefolium (Berg.) Kunze, Linnaea 10: 521. 1836.
Lonchitis bipinnata Forsk. Flor. Aegypt. -Arab. 184. 1775.
Asplenium bipinnatum (Forsk.) C. Chr. ex Hieron. in Mildbr. pe Ergebn. Deutsch.
Zentr.-Afr.-Exp. 1907-1908 2: 11. 1910.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya, epiphytic on trunks of forest
trees, 30-50 cm. high, leaves numerous, arched, fleshy, locally common, 1890 m.,
July 2, 1946, 16605. Extends from the type locality in the Yemen through east to
South Africa; found also in Madagascar. Resembles A. thunbergii Kunze to some
extent but the fronds are fleshy and are not proliferous.
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NY ASAL AND 205
Asplenium aethiopicum (Burm.f.) Bech. Candollea 6: 23. 1935.
Asplenium praemorsum Sw. Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl. 130. 1788.
Asplenium furcatum Thunb. Prodr. Fl. Cap. 2: 172. 1800.
Asplenium filare (Forsk.) Alston, Jour. Bot. 72: Suppl. 4. 1934.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, occasional on ground in riverine rain-forest;
60-80 cm. high, leaves arched, very dark green, rhizome horizontal, 1400 m., May
28, 1946, 16053; ibid., common epiphyte in rain-forest, small clumps, 50-60 cm.
high, 1450 m., June 3, 1946, 16191; ibid., terrestrial in riverine rain-forest, one
clump seen, 50 cm. high, 1400 m., May 28, 1946, 16063*. Mlanje District: Mlanje
Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, terrestrial in rain-forest regrowths, 40-70 cm. high,
rhizome erect, 1860 m., June 26, 1946, 16440; ibid., 1890 m., June 30, 1946,
16530. Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, epiphytic, high on a rain-forest tree,
1350 m., Sept. 20, 1946, 17675. A confusing species known from tropical America,
Asia, and Madeira in addition to Africa and the Mascarenes. The Madeira form is
known to be a polyploid with n = 144 (Manton, Probl. Cytol. Evol. Pterid. 283.
1950).
Asplenium cristatum Lam. Encyc. 2: 310. 1786.
Asplenium cicutarium Sw. Prodr. 130. 1788.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, low epiphyte in rain-forest, 30-40 cm. high,
1400 m., Sept. 27, 1946, 17838. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya
Plateau, under dense shade on forest floor, apparently rare, 30-40 cm. high, 1890
m., July 7, 1946, 16715. There seems no doubt that the African specimens fall
within the ambit of the tropical American A. cristatum. Specimens have been seen
. from the Transvaal, S. Rhodesia, as well as from Nyasaland. Sim in the Ferns of
South ‘Africa (1915) confused the Transvaal plant with Loxoscaphe nigrescens
(Hook.) Moore, to which, when infertile, it bears some resemblance. Of the speci-
mens quoted above, 17838 has a tripinnate-pinnatifid frond whereas that of 16715
is bipinnate-pinnatifid. The last also possesses proliferation buds at the frond
apices.
Asplenium dregeanum Kunze, Linnaea 10: 517. 1836.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, gregarious on rocks in rain-forest, 20=
30 cm. high, leaves spreading, fleshy, 1500 m., July 29, 1946, 17028. Zomba
District: Zomba Plateau, massed on trunk of a rain-forest tree overhanging a
stream, 30 cm. high, leaves somewhat fleshy, proliferous, 1400 m., May 28, 1946,
16052. Mlanje District: Upper Ruo River, rain-forest, 850 m., July 4, 1946, Vernay
16660*. Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, common gregarious low epiphyte in rain-
forest, 1350 m., Sept. 20, 1946, 17673; ibid., epiphyte on lower trunks of trees in
rain-forest, leaves pendent, 1300 m., Sept. 20, 1946, 17686. Tropical and South
Africa and Mascarenes. Probably a dareoid or dissected state of A. sandersoni
Hook.
Asplenium friesiorum C, Chr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. 9: 181. 1924; F. Ballard,
Hook. Ic. pl. 3366, 1938.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common in forest open-
ings, height 1-1.5 m., leaves very dark green, stipes and rachis black, 1820 m.,
July 1,1946, 16582. North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, montane forest borders,
1.5=2 m. high, 2250 m., Aug. 16, 1946, 17273. Tropical east Africa, South Africa,
Mascarenes.
Asplenium gemmiferum Schrad. Gott. Gel. Anz. 1818: 916. 1818.
*Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, common on rocks in rain-forest, 50-70 cm.
high, leaves spreading, fleshy, proliferous, 1500 m., July 28, 1946, 17011. Cholo
1
206 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
District: Cholo Mountain, occasional in rain-forest gullies, 60-90 cm. high, leaves
few, fleshy, 1200 m., Sept. 23, 1946, 17753. East and South Africa, Mascarenes.
Asplenium inaequilaterale Willd. Sp. Pl. 5: 322. 1810.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, common on banks of streams in rain-
forest, 30-50 cm. high, leaves spreading, dark and glossy above, 1500 m., July
28, 1946, 17006. Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, locally gregarious in rain-
forest undergrowth, 50-70 cm. high, 1350 m., Sept. 20, 1946, 17669; ibid., on
moist rocks in a rain-forest gulley, 25-40 cm. high, 1200 m., Sept. 23, 1946,
17759. Tropical Africa, America, south India, and Ceylon. Has often been identi-
fied with the tropical American A, laetum Sw.
Asplenium lumulatum Sw. Jour. Bot. Schrad. 18007: 52 (1801) forma lunulatum.
Asplenium lunulatum f. typica C. Chr. Dansk Bot. Ark 7: 94. 1932.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, on ground in montane forest, 2250 m.,
Aug. 16, 1946, 17240B. Tropical and South Africa, Mascarenes. There are closely
related species in other tropical areas.
Asplenium mannii Hook. Sec. Cent. Ferns pl. 60. 1861.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, low epiphyte in rain-forest, rare, 5-6 cm.
high, leaves yellowish, somewhat fleshy, 1650 m., July 31, 1946, 17064. Cholo
District: Cholo Mountain, gregarious low on small trees in rain-forest, 1350 m.,
Sept. 20, 1946, 17677. Tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar.
Asplenium megalura Hieron. in Wiss. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr. Exp. 2: 17. 1910.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, one clump on an exposed rocky clump,
25 cm. high, 1500 m., June 2, 1946, 16152; ibid., low epiphyte in edge of rain-
forest, 25 cm. high, 1450 m., June 4, 1946, Vernay 16210. Mlanje District: Mlanje
Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, frequent epiphyte in forest, leaves pendent, up to
120 cm. long, 1890 m., June 30, 1946, 16528; ibid., epiphytic on trees overhang-
ing a stream, 1750 m., June 25, 1946, 16419*; ibid., epiphytic on a relic forest
tree, 1890 m., July 14, 1946, 16834. Recorded also from Uganda and Tanganyika
Territory.
Asplenium monanthes L. Mant. 130. 1767.
A. monanthemum Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. 14. 933. 1784.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, on ground in montane forest, 15-30 cm.
high, 2250 m., Aug. 16, 1946, 17240A. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Lu-
chenya Plateau, terrestrial in deep forest shade, 25-40 cms high, leaves very
dark green, 1890 m., June 30, 1946, 16531. Widely distributed from Madagascar,
South afid tropical Africa, to Madeira, tropical America, and the Hawaiian Islands.
The pinnae are typically monosoral but are occasionally found with more than one
sorus per pinna.
Asplenium obscurum Bl. Enum. Plant. Jav. 181. 1828.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, moist rocks in bed of a rain-forest stream,
30-60 cm. high, leaves fleshy, 1200 m., Sept. 23, 1946, 17754. A tropical Asian
species already recorded from the Mascarenes by Christensen. The only other
specimen from the African mainland in the Kew Herbarium is also from Nyasaland,
collected by A. Whyte on the.Masuku (? Misuku) Plateau in North Nyasa District.
The species differs from A. unilaterale Lam. by its larger size and greenish non-
shiny stipes and rachises.
Asplenium ruwenzoriense Baker, Kew Bull. 1901: 137. 1901.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, frequent on rocks in moist forest ravines,
80-120 cm. high, leaves numerous, arched and spreading, more or less fleshy,
dark green, 1550 m., July 30, 1946, 17035. Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, oc-
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 207
casional in undergrowth of riverine rain-forest, 60-80 cm. high, rhizome erect,
stipes of rachis more or less fleshy, 1400 m., May 28, 1946, 16054; ibid., ter-
restrial in riverine rain-forest, not common, 1-1.5 m. high, leaves dark green,
stipes and lower part of rachis blackish, rhizome erect, 1400 m., May 28, 1946,
16062. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, occasional in forest
undergrowth, 1 m. high, leaves several, arched from an erect rhizome, stipe and
rachis black, 1890 m., July 7, 1946, 16706; ibid., sporadic on densely shaded
forest floor, 1890 m., July 7, 1946, 16710. Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, com-
mon in rain-forest undergrowth, more or less 1-1.2 m. high, leaves somewhat
fleshy, 1200 m., Sept. 23, 1946, 17756. The type of the species in the Kew Her-
barium, Scott-Elliot 7706, collected on Mt. Ruwenzori, is poorly collected and
dried and is without base. Examination of a confusing collection of specimens
from Uganda to the Transvaal has led to a somewhat broad concept of the species.
Asplenium sandersoni Hook. Sp. Fil. 3: 147. 1860.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, epiphyte, massed on a tree in riverine rain-
forest, 15-20 cm. high, leaves pendent, proliferous, 1400 m., May 28, 1946, 16056.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, gregarious low epiphyte, 1350 m., Sept. 20, 1946,
17674. Tropical east Africa, S, Africa, and Mascarenes.
Asplenium sandersoni Hook forma. vagans (Bak.) Ballard, stat. nov.
A. vagans Bak. in Hook. & Bak. Syn. Fil. 195. 1867.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, tufted on rocks in rain-forest, gregarious,
10 cm. high, 1500 m., July 28, 1946, 17002; ibid., low epiphyte, gregarious in
rain-forest, 1650 m., July 31, 1946, 17065. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain;
Luchenya Plateau, common epiphyte in deep forest shade, 10-15 cm. high, leaves
more or less fleshy, spreading, proliferous, 1890 m., June 30, 1946, 16533. Dis-
tribution probably as the type. The extreme state with small subflabellate pinnae,
as in the Kew material of 17065, looks very distinct, but intermediates between
this and typical A. sandersoni are common.
Asplenium thunbergii Kunze, Linnaea 10: 517. 1836.
Asplenium auriculatum (Thunb.) Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 97. 1868. Non Sw. nec Mett.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, terrestrial in rain-forest gullies, 40-60
cm. high, some leaves proliferous, 1500 m., July 28, 1946, 17007. Zomba District:
Zomba Plateau, occasional on rocks in riverine rain-forest, 25-35 cm. high, leaves
arched, more or less fleshy, 1400 m., May 28, 1946, 16059. Cholo District: Cholo
Mountain, covering rocks in open parts of primary rain-forest, c.40 cm. high, 1400
m., Sept. 20, 1946, 17659; ibid., occasional ground fern in rain-forest, 40-50 cm.
high, 1300 m., Sept. 20, 1946, 17678; ibid., on moist rocks in a rain-forest gulley,
1200 m., Sept. 23, 1946, 17762. Also in Rhodesia and S. Africa. Frequently
proliferous. }
Asplenium unilaterale Lam. Encyc. 2: 305. 1786.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, gregarious on moist rocks in a rain-forest
gulley, 20-30 cm. high, 1200 m., Sept. 23, 1946, 17765. Throughout tropical -
Africa; also in Asia and Oceania.
Loxoscaphe nigrescens Moore, Ind. Fil. 297. 1861.
Davallia nigrescens Hook. Sec. Cent. Ferns pi. 93. 1861. Non D. nigrescens Kunze.
‘Asplenium hypomelas Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 104. 1868.
A. hollandii (Sim) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. Suppl. 1: 11. 1913.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, epiphytic on stems of tree-ferns in
montane forest, 70-100 cm. high, rhizome straight, simple, 30-40 cm. long,
closely appressed to stem of tree-ferns, leaves spreading, 2250' 'm:.; Aug:-16,
1946, 17274. Tropical and South Africa. :
‘
208 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
L. nigrescens Moore should be treated as a ‘tnew name”’ for Davallia nigres-
cens Hook. and not a ‘‘new combination’’ since the epithet ‘‘nigrescens’’ was
employed by Hooker in an illegitimate combination.
Loxoscaphe theciferum (H.B.K.) Moore var. concinna (Schrad.) C. Chr. Dansk Bot.
Ark. 7: 104. 1932.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, upper branches of trees in juniper forest,
2250 m., Aug. 11, 1946, 17155*. Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, epiphytic on a
tree overhanging stream, 30 cm. high, leaves pale green, fleshy, 1400 m., May
28, 1946, 16048. Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, upper branches of rain-forest
canopy trees, 1300 m., Sept. 24, 1946, 17783. Tropical and South Africa, Mas-
carenes. Typical L. thecifera is found in tropical America.
POLY PODIACEAE
Polypodium excavatum Bory ex Willd. Sp. Pl. 5: 158. 1810.
Pleopeltis excavata (Bory ex Willd.) Moore, Ind. Fil. 347. 1862.
Lepisorus excavatus (Bory ex Willd.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 68. 1933.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, occasional on trunks of trees in riverine rain-
forest, rhizome creeping, leaves few, pale, more or less fleshy, 1400 m., May 28,
1946, 16060. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common epi-
phyte in rain-forest, leaves usually with undulate margins, 1400 m., May 28, 1946,
16437. Common. Tropical and South Africa, Mascarenes, with related forms in
Asia.
Polypodium lanceolatum L. Sp. Pl. 1082. 1753.
Pleopeltis lanceolata (L.) Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 245. 1824.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, upper branches of trees in juniper forest,
2250 m., Aug. 11, 1946, 17156*; ibid., mossy branches of shrubs on banks of a
grassland stream, leaves coriaceous, 2300 m., Aug. 14, 1946, 17227. Kota-kota
District: Nchisi Mountain, on dry rocks in Brachystegia woodland, leaves yel-
lowish, 1600 m., July 31, 1946, 17057. Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, creep-
ing on exposed trunks of rain-forest trees, 10-15 cm. high, leaves stiff fleshy,
much paler below than above, 1770 m., May 31, 1946, 16119A. Mlanje District:
Mlanje Mountain, common low epiphyte in forest, 15-25 cm. high, 1820 m., July 5,
1946, 16678. Tropical and South Africa, Mascarenes, with related forms in tropical
America, India, Hawaii, etc.
Polypodium oosorum Bak. in Henriq. Bol. Soc. Brot. 4: 154, 1887.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, epiphytic near ground in
primary forest, 1890 m., July 12, 1946, 16811; ibid., locally gregarious on shaded
mossy rocks in stream bed, 2-4 cm. high, 1820 m., July 5, 1946, 16670. San
Thomé, Cameroons, Madagascar.
Polypodium rigescens Bory ex Willd. Sp. Pl. 5: 183. 1810.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, epiphytic in an exposed situation, 2300
m., Aug. 14, 1946, 17228*; ibid., epiphytic in montane forest, 15-25 cm. high,
2250 m., Aug. 16, 1946, 17242; ibid., 2350 m., Aug. 17, 1946, 17284; ibid., 2350
m., Aug. 18, 1946, 17326*. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau,
in mass on a shaded rock face on grassland, 5-8 cm. high, rhizome shortly creep-
ing, 2200 m., July 3, 1946, 16655. Tropical Africa, Réunion, tropical America.
Polypodium villosissimum Hook. Sp. Fil. 4: 197. 1862.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, scattered tufts on mossy
upper branches of a Widdringtonia tree, 5-10 cm. high, 1890 m., June 30, 1946,
16549. Sierra Leone, Fernando Po, Sas Thomé. The only aie tropical East
African specimen seen is Stolz 883 from Kyimbila District.
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 209
Loxogramme lanceolata (Sw.) Pr. Tent. Pterid. 215. 1836.
Polypodium loxogramme Mett. Polypodium 112. 1857.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, terrestrial, in montane forest, 2250 m.,
Aug. 16, 1946, 17241*; ibid., epiphytic in montane forest, rare, 2350 m., Aug. 17,
1946, 17287. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, epiphytic in
primary forest, leaves pendent, fleshy, 1890 m., July 12, 1946, 16805; ibid.,
epiphytic in deep forest shade, 1890 m., June 30, 1946, 16532. Cholo District:
Cholo Mountain, gregarious on mossy lower trunks of rain-forest trees, 1400 m.,
Sept. 20, 1946, 17665. Tropical and South Africa and Mascarenes. Some Asiatic
forms appear to be closely allied.
VITTARIACEAE
Vittaria isoetifolia Bory, Voy. Afr. 2: 325. 1804.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, several tufts on mossy
trunks of rain-forest trees, leaves pendent, 1750 m., June 24, 1946, 16414; ibid.,
frequent epiphyte in forest, leaves dark green, 70-90 cm. long, numerous, pendent,
1890 m., June 30, 1946, 16529. Tropical and South Africa and Mascarenes.
Vittaria volkensii Hieron. Bot. Jahrb. 53: 428. 1915.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, epiphytic, high on rain-forest trees, leaves
pendent, channelled, stiff, 1350 m., Sept. 20, 1946, 17672. Tropical east Africa.
LYCOPODIACEAE
Lycopodium carolinianum L. var. tuberosum (A. Br. & Welw. ex Kuhn) Nessel,
Barl. 274. 1939; F. Ballard, Am. Fern Jour. 40: 74. 1950.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, 1700 m., May 31, 1946, 16113*. Mlanje Dis-
trict: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, local on open boggy slopes, 10-15 cm.
high, prostrate and shortly creeping, 2100 m., June 27, 1946, 16468. Tropical
Africa. 16468 shows presence of tubers and is more robust than the average.
Nessel would probably include it in ‘‘var. Welwitschii Hert.’’ The species as usu-
ally considered is almost certainly an aggregate and is spread over most temper-
ate and tropical regions.
Lycopedium cernuum L. Sp. Pl. 1103. 1753.
North Nyasa District: Nchena-chena, on wet ground in Brachystegia wood-
land, 40-100 cm. high, 1340 m., Aug. 21, 1946, 17373. Tropics and subtropics
in old and new worlds. A very common species.
Lycopodium clavatum L. Sp. Pl. 1101. 1753.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, forming dense tangled
pale green beds, abundant locally on grassy edges of forest, 2100 m., June 27,
1946, 16482. A common world species, restricted in the tropics to high altitudes.
It is undoubtedly a composite species. The British form has a chromosome num-
ber of n = 34 (Manton, l.c. 247).
Lycopodium dacrydiaides Bak. Handb. Fern Allies 17. 1887.
Urostachys dacrydioides (Bak.) Hert. ex Nessel, Barl. 188. 1939.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, epiphytic in forest,
stems pendent, up to 1 m. long, many in a clump, 1880 m., June 28, 1946, H.E.
Anthony 16527. Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, pendent, one small clump on an
exposed rock in rain-forest, 1400 m., Sept. 20, 1946, 17667. Tropical and South
Africa.
Lycopodium ophioglossoides Lam. Encyc. 3: 646. 1791.
Urostachys ophioglossoides (Lam.) Hert. ex Nessel, Barl. 238. 1939.
‘
210 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, on mossy trunks of
trees along a stream, clumps small, branches pendent, 1750 m., June 25, 1946,
16417. Tropical Africa, Mascarenes.
Lycopodium verticillatum L.f. Suppl. 448. 1781.
Urostachys verticillatus (L. f.) Hert. Bot. Centr. Beith. 39: 249. 1922.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, several clumps on branches of a rain-forest
tree, 1500 m., June 7, 1946, 16307. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya
Plateau, pendent from a tree in primary forest, 1890 m., July 13, 1946, 16821.
Pantropical.
SELAGINELLACEAE
Selaginella abyssinica Spring, Mém. Acad. Belg. 2444: 99. 1850.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, massed in moist shade on an exposed rocky
bluff, more or less 20 cm. high, habit erect, rhizome thick and fleshy, 1500 m.,
June 2, 1946, 16159. Widely spread in tropical Africa from Abyssinia to Rhodesia.
Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A. Br. Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1860: App. 22. 1860.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, gregarious and often com-
pletely covering the ground in old secondary forest especially in association with
bamboo, more or less 30 cm. high, ascending, fleshy, sterile, 1800 m., July 8,
1946, 16730. A common species throughout tropical east Africa and South Africa;
recorded also for Cameroon Mountain and the Azores.
Selaginella mittenii Bak. Jour. Bot. 21: 81. 1883.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Likubula Gorge, abundant on shaded mossy
rocks on bank of river, creeping and molted [matted?], 840 m., June 20, 1946,
16372. Angola, Rhodesia, Tanganyika Territory, and South AGA.
GYMNOSPERMAE 5
PODOCARPACEAE
Podocarpus milanjianus Rendle, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II. 4: 61. 1894; Stapf in
Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. 6?: 340. 1917; Chalk, Burtt Davy & Desch, For. Trees
& Timbers Brit. Emp. 1: 20-26. 1932. |
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, in rain-forest, apparently rare, tree 10 m.
high, branches and branchlets stiff, erect, flowers [S$ catkins] ethk, 1700 m.,
May 31, 1946, 16109*; ibid., occasional in riverine rain-forest, 2 tree 8 m. high
and 1% cm. in diameter at breast-height, fruit young, 1450 m., June 3, 1946, 16183;
ibid., 1500 m., June 2, 1946, 16156A. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Lu-
chenya Plateau, a major canopy tree of the plateau forest, tree up to about 25 m.
high and up to 1 m. in diameter at breast-height, young leaves yellow, conspicu-
ous, 1890 m., July 2, 1946, 16607. North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, frequent
canopy tree in montane forest, tree about 10 m. high and 35 cm. in diameter,
leaves stiff, much recurved, ripe receptacles orange, very fleshy, 2300 m., Aug.
13, 1946, 17208; ibid., one of the chief dominants in montane forest, tree up to
15 m. tall and 0.5 m. in diameter, fruit unripe, 2250 m., Aug. 16, 1946, 17254.
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Imatong Mts.), Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika Territory,
Belgian Congo, Nyasaland, N. and S. Rhodesia, and Angola (Benguela Plateau).
CUPRESSACEAE
Widdringtonia whytei Rendle, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II. 4: 60. pl. 9, f. 6-11. 1894;
Stapf in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. 67: 334. 1917; Stapf in Hill, Fl. Cap. 5?:
suppl. 17. 1933.
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 211
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, south-west ridge, juvenile foliage of 16513,
leaves glaucous beneath, 2400 m., June 28, 1946, 16514; Luchenya Plateau, local
in small pure scrubby stands on slopes not too steep to support the larger local
form of the species, tree 5-10 m. high, branches short, upturned to upright, 1800
m., July 5, 1946, 16668; ibid., often the dominant tree of remnant strips of primary
forest in gullies and ravines, tree 30 m. or more high, diameter at breast-height up
to 2 m., bark fibrous, fissured into broad ridges very thick on old trees, wood
termite-resistant and very durable, photos, 1890 m., July, 1946, 16718; ibid., ju-
venile foliage, leaves glaucous above, more so beneath, 1890 m., July 7, 1946,
16719; ibid., material from a young plantation tree about 10 m. high, the so-called
‘*scaly form’’ of W. whytei, said never to have leaves of juvenile type even in
the early stages of its growth, 1890 m., July 8, 1946, 16744;-ibid., abundant in
primary forest, especially in gullies and ravines, tree up to about 30 m. high, ma-
terial from a tree about 12 m. high and 35 cm. in diameter, which still had some
juvenile leaves on 15 lower branches, 1890 m., July 14, 1946, 16838. Nyasaland,
S. Rhodesia, and the Transvaal.
Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl. Syn. Conif. 26. 1847; Hochst. ex A. Rich.
Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 278. 1850-1851; Stapf in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. 67: 336.
apr?
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, dominant tree of a type of forest of
which only small remnants survive, tree to 35 m. tall and 1.5 m. in diameter, bark
fibrous, rather thin, wood reddish-brown, very fragrant, 2250 m., Aug, 11, 1946,
17159. Eritrea, Abyssinia, Somaliland, Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika Territory,
_and Nyasaland.
ANGIOSPERMAE
RANUNCULACEAE®
Clematis simensis Fresen. Mus. Senckenb. 2: 267. 1837.
Clematis sigensis Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 45: 271. 1910.
Clematis kissenyensis Engl. in Mildbr. Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr.-Exp. 1907-
1908 2: 207. 1911.
Clematis altissima Hutch. Kew Bull. 1923: 180. 1923.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, climbing to 5 m. in riparian rain-forest, vine,
leaves more or less rugose, dull pale green, 1700 m., May 31,1946, 16106. Mlanje
District: Mlanje Mountain, on west slope, common in bushy second-growth forest,
vine 2-4 m. high, 1650 m., July 18, 1946, 16860. Eritrea to S. Rhodesia, Belgian
Congo, Angola, Cameroon Mt., and Fernando Po.
Clematis hirsuta Perr. & Guill. in Guill., Perr. & Rich. Fl. Senegamb. Tent. 1: 1.
1831.
Clematis glaucescens Fresen. Mus. Senckenb. 2: 268. 1837.
lematis inciso-dentata A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 2. 1847.
Clematis grata (non. Wall.) Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 7. og
Clematis petersiana Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 1: 170. 1861.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, scrambling in bushy second growths,
vine 2 m. high, leaves grey below, sepals cream, stamens yellow, 1350 m., Aug.
3, 1946, 17112; ibid., common in second-growth forest, vine 2-4 m., flowers
greenish, 1100 m., Aug. 3, 1946, 17119. Widely spread in tropical Africa from
Senegal and Eritrea to Angola and Mozambique.
These two gatherings of this very polymorphic species represent different
forms. Brass 17112 has the indumentum of the leaves more dense and the flowers
®By E. Milne-Redhead, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
‘
212 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol, 8, No. 3
larger than 17119. It has not been found possible to subdivide the species into
easily recognizable taxa, as it is hard to find two gatherings in which all the
characters agree.
Clematis sp.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, one example in bushy
second-growth forest, vine 3 m. high, 1890 m., July 14, 1946, 16836.
The above specimen is too poor for certain determination. It suggests C. com-
mutata Kuntze, a species known from Iringa in southern Tanganyika, but the leaf-
lets are larger and more glabrous than any specimens which I have seen of that
species. Alternatively it might be a hybrid between C. hirsuta Guill. & Perr. and
C. simensts Fresen., but if that is so, it is strange that Mr. Brass did not collect
specimens of C. hirsuta from Mt. Mlanje. It is hoped that further collection from
the Luchenya Plateau may reveal the identity of this interesting but imperfect
gathering.
Clematis sp.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, 1500 m., June 6, 1946, 16278.
This gathering consists only of leaves, which are infected by Aecidium engle-
rianum P. Henn. It most probably is a form of Clematis hirsuta Guill. & Perr.
Clematopsis scabiosifolia (DC.) Hutch. Kew Bull. 1920: 20. 1920; Exell, Léonard
& Milne-Redhead, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belge 83: 402. 1951.
Clematis scabiosaefolia DC. Syst. 1: 154. 1818.
Clematis kirkii Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1; 5. 1868.
Clematis stuhlmannii Hieron. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 180. 1895.
Clematis lugnignu De Wild. Repert. Sp. Nov. 13: 200. 1914.
Clematopsis kirkii (Oliv.) Hutch. Kew Bull. 1920: 17. 1920.
Clematopsis stuhlmannii (Hieron.) Hutch. Kew Bull. 1920: 20. 1920.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi, occasional in Brachystegia woodlands, shrub about
1 m. tall, stems erect, 1300 m., Aug. 2, 1946, 17104*. Kasungu District: Kasungu,
in old garden lands, not common, shrub about 1 m. high, flowers pinkish-white,
1000 m., Aug. 27, 1946, 17435. Nigeria and Cameroons, A.-E. Sudan, Uganda, and
western Kenya, south to the Transvaal and Angola.
Both these specimens of Clematopsis fall within the aggregate species, C.
scabiosifolia (DC.) Hutch. as defined by Exell, Léonard and Milne-Redhead
(l.c.). Brass 17104 is fairly typical of their Group B, and might well have been
placed in Clematis lugnignu De Wild. by a botanist taking the narrow view of Cle-
matopsis species. Brass 17435 is quite a different plant, and falls into the transi-
tion between Groups C and F in the above-mentioned paper. It might be described
as a good intermediate between Clematopsis kirkii (Oliv.) Hutch. and C. ‘stubl-
mannii (Hieron.) Hutch. This latter gathering is in unripe fruit; it seems that. the
collectors’ colour note must refer to the plumose styles.
Knowltonia transvaalensis Szyszyl. Polypet. Thalam. Rehm. 99. 1887.
Anemone whyteana Bak. f. Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 4: 4. 1894.
Anemone peneensis Bak. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 40: 16. 1911.
Anemone transvaalensis (Szyszyl.)Burtt-Davy, Ann. Transv. Mus. 3: 121. 1912.
Knowltonia whytei Engl. Pflanzenw. Afr. 34: 170. 1915, in obs.; sphalm. pro K. why-
teana (Bak.f.)Engl.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common under cover of
bracken (Pteridium) on grasslands, herb, flower-stems appear after burning of the
sheltering bracken, flower involucre [tepals] cream-coloured tinged with purple,
2000 m., July 18, 1946, 16870. Southern Tanganyika through Nyasaland and S.
Rhodesia to the Transvaal.
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 213
Knowltonia Salisb. differs from Anemone L. in that the fruits are fleshy drupe-
lets, the whole fruiting head resembling the fruit of a species of Rubus. Although
K. transvaalensis has been gathered on more than a score of occasions, it has
not, so far as I am aware, ever been collected in fruit. This may be due toa
number of causes, among which are the reluctance of collectors to press such
fleshy fruits and the probable attraction they offer to fruit-eating birds. The spe-
cies is, however, so strikingly similar to certain species of Knowltonia that I
have no hesitation in placing it in that genus, which, apart from K. transvaalensis,
is confined to South Africa.
Thalictrum rhynchocarpum Q, Dill. & A. Rich. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 14: 262. 1840.
Thalictrum mannii Hutch. Kew Bull. 1927: 154. 1927.
Thalictrum chapinii B. Boiv. Rhodora 46: 395. 1944, pro parte, quoad typum.
Thalictrum impexum B. Boiv. Rhodora 46: 395. 1944.
Thalictrum innitens B. Boiv. Rhodora 46: 394. 1944.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, occasional in grassy edges of rain-forest,
herb scrambling to a height of about 1.5 m., 1450 m., June 3, 1946, 16192. North
Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, apparently rare, open places in montane forest,
about 1 m. high, 2350 m., Aug. 17, 1946, 17281. Cameroon Mt., mountains and
highlands of eastern Africa from Abyssinia and A.-E, Sudan to the Cape Province
of South Africa.
Ranunculus multifidus Forsk. Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 102. 1775.
Ranunculus pubescens Thunb. Prodr. Pl. Cap. 94. 1800.
Ranunculus forskoehlii DC. Syst. 1: 303. 1817-1818.
[Ranunculus pinnatus (non Poir.) Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 9. 1868. ]
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, frequent in marshy bottoms of gullies, herb
80-100 cm. high, flowers yellow, 1200 m., Sept. 28, 1946, 17853. Arabia and
Abyssinia, south to the Cape Province of South Africa and west of Nigeria and
Angola. ?
Delphinium leroyi Franch. ex Huth, Bot. Jahrb. 20: 474. 1895.
Delphinium candidum Hemsl. Bot. Mag. pl. 8170. 1907.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, one plant found in open grassland, herb,
flowers white with purplish tinge, 2440 m., Aug. 11, 1946, 17172*; ibid., occa-
sional on edges of grassland paths, perennial herb 50-70 cm. tall, flowers pur-
plish white, 2350 m., Aug. 16, 1946, 17269. Southern A.-E. Sudan (Imatong Mts.),
eastern Uganda (Mt. Elgon), mountains and highlands of Tanganyika to Nyasaland.
D. leroyi had not been recorded from Nyasaland until found there by Mr. Brass.
A further gathering has recently been received at Kew from Mr. P. O. Wiehe, who
states that it is locally common in grasslands on the Nyika Plateau. D. leroyi
has an interesting distribution in eastern Africa, being absent from Abyssinia
and the Kenya highlands.
Delphinium dasycaulon Fresen. Mus. Senckenb. 2: 272. 1837.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, one example in a gully in Brachystegia .
woodland, perennial herb 1.5 m. high, flowers blue, 1400 m., July 27, 1946, 16990*.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau; Nchena-chena Spur, common on grassy
slopes, perennial herb, 80-100 cm. tall, flowers bright blue, showy, 1700 m., Aug.
10, 1946, 17150. A.-E. Sudan, Eritrea and Abyssinia, Cameroons and Nyasaland,
N. Rhodesia, and Belgian Congo.
D. dasycaulon affords an excellent example of discontinuous distribution in
tropical Africa. As will be seen by the accompanying map, it is known at present
from three quite distinct regions although conditions which one would expect to
214 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
a Delphinium dasycavion _Fresen.
FIG. 2. Distribution of Delphinium dasycaulon.
be suitable occur over a wide area of the savannah regions of Africa. It is a
particularly good example because, having conspicuous and attractive flowers, it
is unlikely to have been overlooked by collectors to any great extent. D. dasy-
caulon reaches its southeastern limit in Nyasaland.
ANNONACEAE
Artabotrys cf. monteiroae Oliv. Hook. Ic. Pl. pl. 1796. 1888.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, amongst rocks in Brachystegia woodland,
tree or shrub.4 m. high, fruits green, 1400 m., July 24, 1946, 16897.
A. monteiroae has been recorded previously from Portuguese East Africa,
Natal, and Transvaal. Flowers are desirable before Mr. Brass’ plant is named
more definitely. Hutchinson & Gillett 3770 A from Kaloswe, N. Rhodesia, and
Greenway & Trapnell 5770 from N. of Shiwa Ngandu, N. Rhodesia, both in Herb.
Kew., appear to be the same, and both are only in fruit.
Hexalobus monopetalus (A. Rich.) Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt.
6: 56 (1901) var. obovatus Brenan, var. nov.
Foljis late plus minusve obovatis, ad apicem rotundato-emarginatis, Costa sub-
tus strigillosa vel pubescenti sed non tomentella differt.
TANGANYIKA TERRITORY: Lake Province, Mwanza District: between Iwondo and
Karumo in Uzinza west of Mwanza, local in Isoberlinia woodland, a tree 4.5 m. high, 1190
m., Mar. 31, 1937, B. D. Burtt 6530 (Herb. Kew.). Western Province, Tabora District:
Kakoma and Tabora, eluvium and interzones, shrub to small tree, not very common, 1070-
1220 m., Apr. 1935, H. A. Lindeman 73 (Herb. Brit. Mus.). Native name mkuwa.
NYASALAND: Kota-kota District: Chia area, in sandy woodlands of lake plain, tree
4-5 m. high, flowers cream, 480 m., Sept. 1, 1946, 17478.
S. RHODESIA: Salisbury District: Salisbury, small tree, 1340 m., Mar. 30, 1929, Eyles
6317 (Herb. Kew.). Hartley District: Hartley, rare tree in rocky places, 1220 m., June,
1930, Eyles 6398 (Herb. Kew.). Gatooma, 1070 m., Apr., Eyles 7051 (Herb. Kew.).
N. RHODESIA: Mwinilunga District: Slope E. of Matonchi Farm, on rocky kopje in
open, slender bushy tree 3.6-4.5 m. high, leaves bright green, unripe fruits green, red
when ripe, with red flesh inside, native name (Chilunda) karendesa, Feb. 12, 1938, E.
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NY ASALAND 215
Milne-Redhead 4536 (TYPUS varietatis in Herb. Kew.). Solwezi District: Mutanda Bridge,
in Brachystegia woodland, shrub 2.4 m. high, buds on older shoots, native name (Chika-
onde) kanpo, June 21, 1930, E. Milne-Redhead 557 (Herb. Kew.). Ndola District: Ndola,
1935, C. E. Duff 203 (Herb. Kew.).
Duff 203 has the leaves broad, but rather less obovate and more oblong, thus
approaching typical H. monopetalus.
It becomes rather a matter of choice whether the above new variety is de-
scribed under H. monopetalus or H. glabrescens Hutch. et Dalz. The characters of
the latter, however, do not convince me as specific, and I prefer to treat H. mono-
petalus in a wide sense.
H. monopetalus is very variable in its foliage and indumentum, but var. obo-
vatus seems to be a relatively distinct race, predominantly in south tropical Af-
rica, distinguished by its broad obovate leaves. The midrib beneath is finely
strigose to pubescent, but apparently never tomentellous as in typical H.
monopetalus.
MENISPERMACEAE’
Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels, Pflanzenreich 46 (4°*): 236. 1910.
Menispermum hirsutum L. Sp. Pl. 341. 1753.
Cebatha hirsuta (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 9. 1891.
Kota-kota District: Chia area, frequent on termite-mounds in dry woodlands of
lake-plain, vine 5-8 m. high, flowers green, native name (Chinyanja) Nangunega,
480 m., Sept. 7, 1946, 17562. Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, occasional in dry
bushy forest, vine 5-8 m. high, flowers green, 200 m., Oct. 2, 1946, 17901. Widely
. spread through tropical Africa, also in Arabia and India.
Stephania abyssinica (Dill. & A. Rich.) Walp. Repert. 1: 96. 1842.
Clypea abyssinica Dill. & A. Rich. Ann. Sci. Nat. Il. 14: 263. 1840.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common in bushy forest
second growth, vine sprawling over the ground or climbing to a height of 2 m.,
flowers red, fruits pink, 1890 m., July 14, 1946, 16835. Widely spread throughout
tropical Africa.
Cissampelos mucronata A. Rich. in Guill., Perr. & Rich. Fl. Senegamb. Tent. 1:
11. 1831.
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, occasional on sandy river-banks,
vine 2-3 m. high, fruit globose, soft and fleshy, native name (Chinyanja) chi-
lambe, 180 m., Oct. 6, 1946, 17997; ibid., trailing on sandy beach, vine, flowers
green, 180 m., Oct. 6, 1946, 18011. Widely spread throughout tropical and sub-
tropical Africa.
BERBERIDACEAE®
Berberis holstii Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 181. 1895.
Berberis petitiana C. K. Schn. Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 5: 455. 1905.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common in grassland shrubberies, shrub
1-1.5 m. high, sterile, leaves glaucous below, petioles red, 2500 m., Aug. 18,
1946, 17325. Highlands from Abyssinia to Nyasaland.
7By E. Milne-Redhead, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
*By E. Milne-Redhead, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
216 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
In considering B, petitiana C. K. Schn. to be conspecific with B. holstii Engl.,
I am following R. E. Fries (Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. 9: 319..1925), who, however,
used the later name for the species. Although Mr. Brass’ material is sterile,
there can be little doubt that it is this species. This Nyasaland record is of in-
terest as hitherto the plant was not known to occur south of Dobega in the Iringa
District of Tanganyika.
NYMPHAEACEAE?
Nymphaea lotus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 511. 1753.
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, frequent in muddy pools, herb,
flowers white, 180 m., Oct. 4, 1946, 17960. Egypt, tropical Africa generally, and
Madagascar.
Nymphaea caerulea Savigny, Décade Egyptienne 1: 74. 1798.
Nymphaea stellata (non Willd.) Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 52. 1868.]
Nymphaea calliantha Conard, Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Geneve 7-8: 19. 1903.
Kota-kota District: Kota-kota, flowers blue, 450 m., Aug., 1946, Vernay
17401*. Chia area, in open lagoons, leaves brownish-green above, purple below,
sepals green, petals lilac, stamens pale yellow with lilac apex, 480 m., Sept. 1,
1946, 17465; ibid., common in small water-holes on dry lake-plain, flowers pale
blue, 480 m., Sept. 5, 1946, 17544. Widely spread through tropical Africa; also in
Egypt.
In placing these Nyasaland gatherings under N. caerulea, I am taking a broad
view of the species, similar to that taken by Exell and Mendonga in Carrisso,
Consp. Fl. Angol. 1: 46 (1937).
CAPPARIDACE AE?
Capparis tomentosa Lam. Encyc. 1: 606. 1785.
Kota-kota District: Chia area, frequent in second growth rain-forest on banks
of streams, vine 10-20 m. high, petals pale green, filaments pale pink, 480 m.,
Sept. 4, 1946, 17523. Widely spread in tropical Africa.
Capparis rosea (Klotzsch) Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 99. 1868.
Petersia rosea Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 168. pl. 30. 1862.
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, common in dry bushy forest of elevated alluvial
plain, shrub 2-3 m. high, flowers greenish-white, 200 m., Oct. 2, 1946, 17895;
ibid., common in dry bushy forest of elevated river-plain, shrub 1.5-2 m. high,
flowers greenish-white, 200 m., Oct. 3, 1946, 17910. Nyasaland and Portuguese
East Africa.
Cadaba’ kirkii Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 90. 1868.
Mombera District: 30 miles S. of Njakwa, on termite-mounds in Brachystegia
woodland, shrub 3-4 m. high, leaves more or less fleshy, flowers yellowish-green,
1200 m., Aug. 9, 1946, 17142. Kota-kota District: Chia area, frequent on termite-
mounds in woodlands of lake-plain, shrub 2-3 m. high, inflorescence viscid,
flowers green, 480 m., Sept. 2, 1946, 17502. Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, oc-
casional in dry bushy forest on elevated alluvial plain, shrub 1.5~2 m. high, upper
leaves and inflorescence viscid, flowers yellowish-green, fruit immature, native
name (Chinyanja) nswadji, 200 m., Oct. 2, 1946, 17889. Central Tanganyika,
eastern N. Rhodesia, Nyasaland, and S. Rhodesia.
*°By E. Milne-Redhead, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
10By E. Milne-Redhead, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NY ASALAND 217
Boscia corymbosa Gilg in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 189. 1895.
Kasungu District: Kasungu Hill, occasional on dry rocky slopes, vase-shaped
tree, 6-7 m. high, branches suberect, flowers yellow-green, fruit green, 1100 m.,
Aug. 28, 1946, 17457. Nyasaland and Portuguese East Africa.
Boscia salicifolia Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 93. 1868.
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, occasional on river-plains, tree to 15 m. high,
trunk up to 40 cm. diameter, branchlets pendent, fruit unripe, native name (Chin-
yanja) mbwazi, 200 m., Oct. 4, 1946, 17941. Widely spread from the Gold Coast
east to the A.-E. Sudan and south to S. Rhodesia.
Maerua flagellaris (Oliv.) Gilg & Benedict, Bot. Jahrb. 53: 244. 1915.
Maerua nervosa (Hochst.) Oliv. var. flagellaris Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 87. 1868.
Kasungu District: Kasungu, frequent in Brachystegia woodland, vine 6-10 m.,
profusely branched and forming large green masses on trees, flowers green, native
name (Chinyanja) nangunega, 1000 m., Aug. 25, 1946, 17420; ibid., common in
Acacia-Bauhinia savanna, shrub 1 m. high, straggling, sepals and petals green,
filaments yellowish-white, 1000 m., Aug. 28, 1946, 17450. Chikwawa District:
Chikwawa, occasional in Acacia woodland, vine 10-15 m. high, flowers greenish-
white, fruit immature, 200 m., Oct. 3, 1946, 17911. Tanganyika to S. Rhodesia.
Maerua angolensis DC. Prodr. 1: 254. 1824.
Kota-kota District: Kota-kota, on old cultivated land, tree about 8 m. high,
flowers green, stamens yellow, 450 m., Aug. 7, 1946, G. C. Shortridge 17390.
Kasungu District: Kasungu, one example on old garden land, tree 4 m. high,
sepals green, stamens greenish-white, later yellow, 1000 m., Aug. 27, 1946,
17440. Widely spread in the savannah regions of tropical Africa.
Maerua ‘sp.
Mlanje District: Likubula Gorge, on a termite-mound in Brachystegia-Uapaca
woodland, shrub 5 m. high, subscandent, fruit green, somewhat fleshy and muci-
laginous, 840 m:, June 20, 1946, 16378.
This specimen belongs to a small group of species including M. cylindricarpa
Gilg & Benedict, M. hoehnelii Schweinf. ex Engl., and M. pubescens (Klotzsch)
Gilg, the taxonomy of which has not yet been satisfactorily worked out. More
field observation is required in order to assess the value of the degree of indu-
mentum and length of pedicel for diagnostic purposes.
Courbonia glauca (Klotzsch) Gilg & Benedict, Bot. Jahrb. 53: 221. 1915.
Physanthemum glaucum Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 167. pil. 29. 1862.
Courbonia camporum Gilg & Benedict, Bot. Jahrb. 53: 220. 1915.
Courbonia calothamna Gilg & Benedict, Bot. Jahrb. 53: 221. 1915.
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, frequent in dry bushy forest of elevated river-
plain, shrub 1 m. high, spreading, leaves very glaucous, flowers greenish-white,
native name (Chinyanja) kungoni, 200 m., Oct. 2, 1946, 17890. Widely spread from
Kenya and Uganda to Portuguese East Africa and the Transvaal.
I am unable to separate these three species, as I find the diagnostic char-
acters given by Gilg and Benedict are unsound. The young leaves which are.
present at the time of flowering look very different from the mature leaves found
on fruiting specimens. It seems that the plant may flower on shoots arising di-
rectly from the rootstock as a result of the burning off of the previous year’s
growth, or if protected from fire it may form a densely branched shrub several
meters high. I have not been able to examine authentic material of C. decumbens
A. Brongn., but I would not be surprised to find that Oliver was correct in plac-
ing Physanthemum glaucum Klotzsch as a synonym of that name, which was pub-
218 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
lished two years earlier than Klotzsch’s species. If these species are found to
be conspecific, the epithet decumbens would have to be used.
Thylachium africanum Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 418. 1790.
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, common in dry bushy forest on elevated river-
plain, tree or shrub 2-6 m. high, leaves 1-3-foliolate, flowers white, fruit im-
mature, costate, 200 m., Oct. 2, 1946, 17891. Eastern Africa from Kenya to S,
Rhodesia and Portuguese East Africa.
Cleome densifolia C. H. Wright, Kew Bull. 1907: 360. 1907.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Likubula-Tuchila Divide, frequent in grassy
edges of forest, shrub about 1-1.5 m. high, viscid, flowers pink, 2000 m., July 9,
1946, 16754. Nyasaland.
Known previously from a single gathering made by Mr. J. M. Purves in Septem-
ber, 1901, on Tuchila Plateau.
Cleome sp.
Kasungu District: Kasungu, common in old gardens, herb about 1 m. high, vis-
cid, foetid, flowers purple, 1000 m., Aug. 26, 1946, 17431.
I have been unable to match this specimen with any Cleome at Kew. I am re-
luctant to describe it as new on a single gathering, as, being a weed of cultiva-
tion, it may well be an introduced species.
VIOLACEAE™
Rinorea burtt-davyi Dunkley, Kew Bull. 1937: 466. 1937.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, characteristic undergrowth in primary rain-
forest, attractive tree 3-7 m. high, flowering profusely, flowers white, fruit im-
mature, 1300 m., Sept. 20, 1946, 17687. Nyasaland.
Cholo Mountain is the type-locality of R. burtt-davyi Dunkley.
Viola abyssinica Steud. ex. Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 105. 1868.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common in ground cover of montane
forest, stems creeping, flowers purple, 2400 m., Aug. 18, 1946, 17316; .ibid.,
scrambling in grassland shrubberies, herb, stems branched, to 1 m. long, flowers
purple, 2500 m., Aug. 18, 1946, 17323. East African Mountains from Abyssinia to
S. Rhodesia, Cameroon Mt., and Fernando Po.
FLACOURTIACEAE™
Dovyalis macrocalyx (Oliv.) Warb. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. 364: 44.
1895.
Aberia ? macrocalyx Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 122, 1868.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, one specimen in rain-forest undergrowth, tree
6 m. high, much branched, creeping, flowers green, 1200 m., Sept. 25, 1946,
17802; ibid., frequent in rain-forest undergrowth, S of 17802, tree 4-7 m. high,
flowers greenish, 17812; Nswadzi River, in rain-forest undergrowth, ¥ tree 5 m.
high, branchlets drooping, flowers whitish, fruiting calyx reddish, 840 m., Sept. 29,
1946, 17862. Tanganyika Territory, Portuguese East Africa, Nyasaland, N. and S.
Rhodesia, and Angola.
Kiggelaria africana L. Sp. PI. 1037. 1753.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, second-growth rain-forest, tree 7-8 m. high,
fruit green outside, yellow inside, seeds orange-red, 1450 m., June 4, 1946,
11By E. Milne-Redhead, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
'2Kiggelaria by E. Milne-Redhead, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASAL AND 219
16202. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common locally in
forest, tree up to about 12 m. high, leaves grey-brown below, fruit dehiscent,
seeds orange, 1890 m., July 6, 1946, 16702. North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau,
frequent on edges of montane forest, tree 5-8 m. tall, leaves greyish-green below,
fruit grey-green, seeds orange, 2250 m., Aug. 16, 1946, 17238. Highlands of east-
ern Africa from Mt. Kilimanjaro to Cape Province of South Africa.
Gerrardina eylesiana Milne-Redhead, Hook. Ic. Pl. pl. 3390. 1939.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, in rain-forest regrowths,
tree 4 m. high, young leaves red, flowers white, 1860 m., June 26, 1946, 16441.
Portuguese East Africa, S. Rhodesia, and now new to Nyasaland.
PITTOSPORACEAE*
Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims, Bot. Mag. p/. 1684. 1814.
Pittosporum malosanum Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 244. 1897.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, occasional in riverine rain-forest, tree 5-7
m. high, fruits green, seeds orange-red, 1500 m., June 7, 1946, 16303. Blantyre
District: Blantyre, tree in riparian rain-forest, 10 m. high, leaves pale dull green,
paler below, fruits yellowish-green, seeds orange, 840 m., June 20, 1946, 16365.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common tree 5-8 m. high in
forest edges and regrowths, fruits yellow, seeds orange, 1890 m., June 30, 1946,
16544. Abyssinia to South Africa and Angola.
The generally accepted characters which have been used to separate P. abys-
sinicum A, Rich. from P. viridiflorum Sims are most unsatisfactory. The leaf-
shape is very variable, many specimens showing both acute and obtuse leaves on
the same shoot. I admit that there is a greater tendency towards acute leaves to-
wards the south of the range, but I do not consider this alone is sufficient justi-
fication for separating off a distinct species. The degree of fusion of the sepals
is also, in my opinion, a variable and unreliable character. The distribution is
now known to bé continuous. The relationship of P. malosanum Bak. to the other
two ‘‘species’’ has always been obscure.
Dr. G. Cufodontis has revised the Kew material of Pittosporum since the above
note was written. He keeps P. abyssinicum as a species distinct from P. viridi-
florum, whilst he agrees with me that P. viridiflorum reaches to Abyssinia at the
northern end of its range. He reduces P. malosanum to the synonymy of P. viridi-
florum. The publication of Dr. Cufodontis’ revision is awaited.
POLYGALACEAE**
Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen. Mus. Senckenb. 2: 275. 1837.
Kasungu District: Kasungu, sporadic in Brachystegia woodlands, tree 5-7 m.
high, fruit 1-3-winged, native name (Chinyanja) ngaigaie, 1000 m., Aug. 25, 1946,
17419, Widely spread in the savannah regions of Africa.
Polygala capillaris E. Mey. ex Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. 1: 93. 1859.
Kota-kota District: Chia area, occasional on moist edges of marshes, herb
10-25 cm. high, flowers purple, 480 m., Sept. 1, 1946, 17472. Uganda to Angola
and Natal. New to Nyasaland.
Polygala gomesiana Welw. ex. Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 126. 1868.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, frequent in moist gullies in Brachystegia
woodland, 1.5-2 m. high, flowers showy, purple, 1400 m., July 25, 1946, 16939.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau; Nchena-chena Spur, plentiful on shrubby
By E. Milne-Redhead, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
**By E. Milne-Redhead, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
220 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, Mo. 3
grasslands, shrub 2~3 m. high, sparsely branched, leaves few, pendent, flowers
purple, 1900 m., Aug. 20, 1946, 17354.
This plant itera ee the Angolan form of the species in having longer and
narrower leaves. Other Nyasaland and Tanganyika material at Kew, which agrees
well with Mr. Brass’ gatherings, shows an annual rootstock, mice P. gomesiana
Welw., sensu stricto, is a perennial. Exell and Mendonga in Carrisso, Consp. FI.
Angol. 1: 95 (1937) exclude Kirk’s Lake Nyasa specimen cited by Oliver in the
Flora of Tropical Africa, thus indicating that they consider it to be a species
distinct from P. gomesiana. I prefer to await more and better material of P. gome-
siana before coming to a.definite conclusion regarding this eastern plant.
Polygala albida Schinz, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 29: 53. 1888.
Polygala livingstoniana Chod. Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: 2. 1893.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, occasional on open moist ground about habi-
tations, herb, 10-15 cm. high, flowers pale greenish, 1500 m., June 4, 1946,
16212. Widely spread in tropical Africa.
Polygala viminalis Gurke in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 234. 1895.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, one example in Brachystegia woodland, herb
70 cm. high, flowers blue, the wings greenish but for the blue tip, 1500 m., June
4, 1946, 16216*. East and south Tropical Africa.
Polygala petitiana A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 37. 1847.
Polygala volkensii Gurke in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 234. 1895.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, frequent on moist shady bank, herb 10-30
cm. high, sepals purplish-brown, petals green, 1450 m., June 5, 1946, 16251.
Widely spread in the savannah regions of Africa.
Polygala virgata Thunb. Prodr. Pl. Cap. 120. 1800.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, occasional about grassy edges of rain-forest,
woody herb 2—2.5 m. high, apparently annual, branches forming an open crown on
upper part of the solitary tall stem, flowers rose-purple, wings paler than the
petals, 1820 m., May 31, 1946, 16125. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Lu-
chenya Plateau, occasional about forest edges, shrub 2=3 m. high, stems solitary
with numerous short branches forming a crown at its apex, flowers pinkish-purple,
crest red, 1860 m., June 26, 1946, 16442. North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau,
frequent in shrubby edges of montane forest, shrub about 2 m. high, flowers deep
purple, 2300 m., Aug. 13, 1946, 17200. Mountains from southern Tanganyika to
Natal.
Muraltia flanagani Bolus, Jour. Bot. 34: 17. 1896.
Muraltia fernandi Chod. Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zurich 76: 612. 1916.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, on south-west ridge, rocky situations in
grass, shrub 10-20 cm. high, flowers pink, 2400 m., June 23, 1946, 16493; Lu-
chenya Plateau, gregarious on grassy edge of a stream, shrub, stems up to 1 m.
long, spreading and ascending, flower pale purple, 2180 m., July 3, 1946, 16641.
Southern Tanganyika, south to the Drakensburg Mts. in the Cape Province of
South Africa. :
I am indebted to Dr. M. R. ence for the determination of these two pacheriae
» CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Silene burchellii Otth ex DC. Prodr. 1: 374. 1824.
Mlanje District: Likubula Gorge, on banks of stream in Brachystegia woodland,
perennial herb 40-60 cm. high, flowers pink, 1200 m., June 21, 1946, Vernay
15By E. Milne-Redhead, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASAL AND 221
16395; Mlanje Mountain, scattered on paths in grassland, perennial herb 30-50
cm. high, flowers purplish-green, 1950 m., July 9, 1946, 16758. Highlands of
South and East Africa.
Stellaria mannii Hook. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 7: 183. 1864.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, under a rock in rain-forest, herb about 30
cm. high, with creeping habit, inflorescence viscid-hairy, flowers white, 1400 m.,
Sept. 20, 1946, 17662. Cameroon Mt., and scattered above 1400 m. from Chyulu
Hills in Kenya to Umtali, S. Rhodesia. New to Nyasaland.
Cerastium africanum (Hook. f.) Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 141. 1868.
Arenaria africana Hook. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 7: 184. 1864.
Cerastium africanum (Hook. f.) Oliv. var. ruwenzoriensis Williams, Jour. Bot. 36:
342. 1898.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, locally common in rain-forest regrowths,
herb, stems weak, up to about 80 cm. long, flowers white, calyx viscid, 1500 m.,
June 7, 1946, 16292. Cameroon Mt. and highlands from Abyssinia to S. Rhodesia.
The above determination was confirmed by Dr. W. Moschl in 1949. In his pub-
lished account of “Die Cerastium-Arten Afrikas stdlich der Sahara’’ (Mem. Soc.
Brot. 7: 53 et seq. 1951), however, Moschl extends the specific limits of C. in-
dicum Wight & Arn. to include C. africanum (Hook. f.) Oliv. He there treats ma-
terial from the African mainland, including the above-cited specimen, as C,. in-
dicum Wight & Arn. var. ruwenzoriense (Williams) Moschl, based on the variety
cited above.
Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 406. 1819.
Holosteum cordatum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 88. 1753.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, occasional in rain-forest regrowths, herb
scrambling to about 60 cm., flowers greenish, calyx viscid, 1500 m., June 7, 1946,
16293. Widely spread throughout tropical and South Africa, Madagascar; also in
tropical Asia and America.
Polycarpaea eriantha Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 303. 1847.
Kasungu District: Kasungu, on sandy soil in Brachystegia woodland, herb
8-12 cm. high, 1000 m., Aug. 26, 1946, 17424. Widely spread throughout tropical
Africa.
PORTULACACEAE
Portulaca oleracea L. Sp. Pl. 445 (1753) subsp. sylvestris (DC.) Thell. Fl. Ad-
vent. Montpellier 222. 1912; v. Poellnitz, Repert. Sp. Nov. 37: 258. 1934.
Portulaca oleracea L. var. sylvestris DC. Prodr. 3: 353. 1828.
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, occasional on sandy beaches, herb,
flowers yellow, native name (Chinyanja) chingongo, 180 m., Oct. 4, 1946, 17953.
A very widespread weed throughout the warmer parts of the earth.
HYPERICACEAE*
Hypericum lanceolatum Lam. Encyc. 4: 145. 1797.
Hypericum leucoptychodes Steud. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 96. 1847.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, frequent on open banks of streams and in
moist grassy clearings, tree or shrub 2~4 m. high, a very striking species when in
flower, flowers 5.5-6.5 cm. in diameter, petals and stamens yellow, styles red,
1400 m., May 28, 1946, 16068. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya
why ©. Milne-Redhead, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
222 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
Plateau, plentiful in forest regrowths, tree or shrub 2~5 m. high, producing a pro-
fusion of flowers, very showy species, flowers yellow, unripe fruit red, 1820 m.,
June 25, 1946, 16428. Highlands of Tropical and South Africa, and the Mastarene
Islands.
Good (Jour. Bot. 65: 329. 1927) considers thatthe plant from the African main-
land is distinct from H. lanceolatum Lam., which was described from the Isle of
Bourbon, and accordingly refers the former to H. leucoptychodes Steud. ex A.
Rich. After careful examination of the now much larger collections of the African
plant, I consider that it is conspecific with Lamarck’s species.
Harungana madagascariensis Poir. Encyc. 6: 314. 1804.
Arungana paniculata Pers. Syn. 2: 91. 1807.
Haronga madagascariensis (Poir.) Choisy, Prodr. Mon. Hyperic. 34. 1821.
Haronga paniculata (Pers.) Lodd. ex Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 722, in synon. 1841.
North Nyasa District: Nchena-chena, frequent on banks of streams in Brachy-
stegia woodland, tree 5-8 m., leaves greyish below, dull green above, fruit
yellow-green, native name (Chinyanja) mpefu, 1340 m., Aug. 21, 1946, 17379.
Tropical Africa, Madagascar, and the Mascarene Islands.
GUTTIFERAE”
Garcinia huillensis Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 167. 1868.
Garcinia buchanani Bak. Kew Bull. 1894: 354. 1894.
Garcinia gossweileri Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 40: 571. 1908.
Kota-kota District: Chia area, on bank of water-hole on dry lake-plain, 9 tree
15 m. high, flowers yellow, 480 m., Sept. 5, 1946, 17543. Portuguese East Africa,
Nyasaland and southern Tanganyika to Angola and S. Rhodesia.
G. huillensis is very variable in shape and width of leaf. Staner (Bull. Jard.
Bot. Brux. 13: 132. 1934) separates G. buchanani Bak. from it chiefly on account
of the latter species having only two sepals. Careful examination of the type
specimen of G. buchanani shows four sepals on the only flower-bud that there is
on the specimen. Most of the sepals and petals of the other flowers have fallen,
but one flower shows four petals and two sepals, the other two sepals having
already dropped. I therefore reduce G. buchanani to the synonymy of G. huillensis.
DIP TEROCARPACEAE*
Monotes africanus A.DC. in DC. Prodr. 167: 624. 1868, emend. H. Bancroft in Car-
risso, Consp. Fl. Angol. 1: 136. 1937.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, frequent in Brachystegia woodland, tree
to 8 m. tall and to 20 cm. diameter, leaves stiff, greyish below, native name
(Chinyanja) chikaka, 1400 m., Aug. 5, 1946, 17133. Nyasaland to Angola.
This is a very variable species which in some of its forms approaches M.
rufotomentosus Gilg.
Monotes rufotomentosus Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. 28: 138. 1900.
North Nyasa District: Nchena-chena, frequent in Brachystegia woodland, tree
3-6 m. high, native name (Chinyanja) chikakata, 1340 m., Aug. 21, 1946, 17380.
Nyasaland.
H. Bancroft, who has made an intensive study of the genus Monotes wrote in
1938: ‘*‘The indications at present available are that M. rufotomentosgs Gilg is a
series or plexus of hybrid forms between M. africanus and M. engleri. There are
naturally specimens which approach one or other of these species very nearly.”
17By E. Milne-Redhead, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
18By E. Milne-Redhead, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
i
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 223
MALVACEAE
Abutilon angulatum (Guill. & Perr.) Mast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 183. 1868.
Bastardia angulata Guill. & Perr. in Guill., Perr. & Rich. Fl. Senegamb. Tent. 65.
1831.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, frequent in rain-forest regrowth, shrub 2=3 m.
high, foliage grey-green, flowers yellow, 1200 m., Sept. 21, 1946, 17715. Chik-
wawa District: Chikwawa, occasional in dry brushy forest, shrub 2 m. high, leaves
greyish, flowers yellow, 200 m., Oct. 2, 1946, 17899. Tropical and South Africa
and Madagascar.
Abutilon longicuspe Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 69. 1847.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, common in shrubberies bordering lower
montane forest, shrub about 3 m. high, leaves rugose, flowers lavender, stamens
purple, 1600 m., July 26, 1946, 16959; ibid., rain-forest borders, shrub 2 m. high,
flowers purple, 1500 m., Sept. 11, 1946, 17619. Eritrea to Nyasaland and Angola.
Pavonia urens Cav. Tert. Dissert. Bot. 137. pl. 49, f. 1. 1787; Ulbr. Bot. Jahrb.
57: 104. 1920; var. urens.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, rain-forest regrowth, shrub 2.5 m. high,
flowers pink, 1200 m., Sept. 23, 1946, 17768. The species widespread from the
A.-E. Sudan to Nyasaland and Angola, also in Madagascar and the Mascarenes.
The following probably represent a shade-grown form of the above:
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, rain-forest borders, shrub 1 m. high,
flowers pink, 1500 m., July 28, 1946, 16997; ibid., rain-forest edges, shrub 1.5
m. high, flowers pink, 1500 m., Sept. 11, 1946, 17620.
Ulbrich, in his monograph of the African species of Pavonia (Bot. Jahrb. 57:
. 54-184. 1920-1921), maintains P. schimperiana Hochst. ex A. Rich. as a species
distinct from P. urens. So many intermediates occur that I feel it desirable to
treat these two as a single species, but maintaining the varieties recognized by
Ulbrich. The following new combinations are therefore necessary under P. urens
Cav. f
var. urens. P. urens Cav. sensu stricto; Ulbrich, l.c.
var. tomentosa (Hochst. ex Ulbr.) Brenan, comb. nov. P. schimperiana var.
tomentosa Hochst. ex Ulbr. Bot. Jahrb. 57: 109. 1920.
var. hirsuta (Hochst. ex Ulbr.) Brenan, comb. nov. P. schimperiana var. bir-
suta Hochst. ex Ulbr. Bot. Jahrb. 57: 109. 1920.
var. glabrescens (Ulbr.) Brenan, comb. nov. P. schimperiana var. glabrescens
Ulbr. Bot. Jahrb. 57: 108. 1920.
var. schimperiana (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Brenan, stat. nov. P. schimperiana
Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 52. 1847, sensu stricto. P. schim-
periana var. genuina Ulbr. Bot. Jahrb. 57: 108. 1920.
var. obtusiloba (Hiern) Brenan, comb. nov. Malache schimperiana var. obtusi-
loba Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. Coll. Welw. 1: 68. 1896.
The two specimens collected by Mr. Brass which I have indicated above as
possibly shade-grown P. urens var, urens are possibly to be referred to var. bir-
suta. However, their dissimilarity in facies to var. hirsuta, as well as the sparse.
presence of the large rigid stellate hairs of var. urens suggest that these speci-
mens are indeed a modification of var. wrens. Careful field observations as well
as cultivation may be necessary before a satisfactory classification of the varie-
ties of this protean species is possible.
Pavonia cf. stolzii Ulbr. Bot. Jahrb. 57: 115. 1920.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, rain-forest regrowth, shrub 2=2.5 m. high,
branches few, erect, fleshy, plant aromatic, flowers dark pink, 1500 m., June 5,
1946, 16272.
224 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
A close relative of P. urens Cav., separable by habit and fruit. The specimen
cited is not very typical in habit, and the fruits are not yet formed: consequently
an exact identification is impossible. P. stolzii was described from S. W. Tan-
ganyika Territory, but plants that I consider (e descr. et icon.) to be this have
been previously collected in Nyasaland (McClounie 142 from the Nyika Plateau,
Meller s.n, from Mount Chiradzulu, and Buchanan 145 without exact locality).
Pavonia columella Cav. Tert. Dissert. Bot. 138, pl. 48, /. 3. 1787; Ulbr. Bot.
Jahrb. 57: 135. 1920.
Pavonia meyeri Mast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 191. 1868.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, on moist river-bank, shrub 1.5 m. high, flow-
ers pink, showy, 1450 m., June 2, 1946, Anthony 16147. Cholo District: Cholo
Mountain, frequent in rain-forest regrowth, shrub 2-3 m. high, plant viscid, flow-
ers pink, 1200 m., Sept. 22, 1946, 17740. Nyasaland to South Africa, also in
Madagascar and Réunion.
There has been considerable doubt hitherto about the right name for this
species; some, following Ulbrich, have maintained P. columella, others (e.g.
Burtt Davy, Fl. Transvaal 2: 278. 1932), stating that P. columella, which was
based on a plant from Bourbon, is not conspecific with the plant of continental
Africa, have therefore used the name P. meyeri. In-an endeavour to decide be-
tween these views, the type of P. columella Cav., which is in Herb. Antoine Lau-
rent de Jussieu (No. 12348) at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle at Paris,
was borrowed, and thanks are due to the authorities of that institution for their
courtesy in this matter.
The type-specimen does not represent the normal continental African plant,
being more glabrescent than usual, with shorter indumentum on the stem. The
alleged difference in the calyx (see Burtt Davy, /.c.) eludes me. But I can detect
no differences other than those of the indumentum, which are slight and a matter
of degree; and I can match the glabrescence of the leaves and the shortness of
the stem-indumentum in specimens from continental Africa.
I am therefore not prepared to consider P. columella specifically separable
from P. meyeri, although the African plant may be a variety. The material from
Bourbon is much too limited at present to judge of this, and I feel it wiser to
follow Ulbrich in treating P. meyeri as a synonym of P. columella Cav.
Hibiscus praeteritus R. A. Dyer, Fl. Pl. S. Afr. 11: pl. 436. 1931.
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, occasional in dry brushy forest of elevated
river-plain, shrub 2 m. high, flowers red, 200 m., Oct. 2, 1946, 17888. Nyasaland
and Angola to the Transvaal.
Hibiscus shirensis Sprague & Hutch. Kew Bull. 1907: 47. 1907.
Mlanje District: Likubula, on edge of a marsh, flowers pink, 820 m., June 27,
1946, Vernay 16489*. Kota-kota District: Kota-kota, shrub, flowers purple, 450
m., Aug., 1946, Vernay 17402*. Nyasaland and Portuguese East Africa, a pos-
sible variant in N. Rhodesia and the adjacent part of the Belgian Congo.
Hibiscus rhodanthus Gurke apud Schinz, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 405. 1895.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, beside a path in Brachystegia woodland,
shrub, flowers scarlet, very showy, 1400 m., July 25, 1946, Shortridge 16925*;
ibid., roadsides in Brachystegia woodland, shrub, flowers scarlet, showy, 1400
m., July 26, 1946, 16970. Tanganyika Territory to S. Rhodesia and Angola.
Hibiscus gossypinus Thunb. Prodr. Fl. Cap. 118. 1800.
Blantyre District: Blantyre, edge of a native village, shrub 2 m. high, brown-
hairy, flowers white, 1100 m., June 17, 1946, 16341. Cholo District: Cholo
.
i=
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 225
Mountain, common in rain-forest regrowth, shrub 2-3 m. high, brown-hairy, flowers
white, 1200 m., Sept. 19, 1946, 17646. Uganda to South Africa.
Hochreutiner, in his revision of Hibiscus (Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genéve 4:
84. 1900) makes H. gossypinus Thunb. a synonym under H. ferrugineus Cav.; but
wrongly, for the latter is a quite distinct species from Madagascar.
Hibiscus near calyphyllus Cav. Quinta Dissert. Bot. 283. pl. 140. 1788.
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, in Acacia albida woodland, shrub 20 cm. high,
flowers yellow with purple centre, 200 m., Oct. 3, 1946, 17916*. Tropical and
South Africa (H. calyphyllus).
Brass 17916 differs from normal H. calyphyllus in the numerous short lateral
branches coming from a leafless main stem, and in the soft, denser shorter and
more uniform indumentum. Further material is necessary to decide whether this
is anything more than a form or state of H. calyphyllus.
Hibiscus ludwigii Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. Pl. Afr. Austr. 39. 1834; Hochr. Ann.
Cons. Jard. Bot. Genéve 4: 161. 1900.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, common in shrubberies bordering rain-
forest, shrub 2~3 m. high, hairs irritant, easily detached, petals yellow, purple
at base, not opening fully, 1650 m., July 31, 1946, 17063. Abyssinia to South
Africa.
Hibiscus surattensis L. Sp. Pl. 696. 1753.
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, on a sandy beach, subprostrate
shrub, flowers yellow with mauve tube, 180 m., Oct. 4, 1946, 17967; ibid., oc-
casional on sandy beaches, subprostrate shrub, flowers yellow with maroon
centre, 180 m., Oct. 6, 1946, 18016. Widely distributed in the tropics of the Old
- World.
Hibiscus diversifolius Jacq. Coll. Bot. Chem. Hist. Nat. 2: 307. 1788; Ic. Pl.
Rar. 3: 12. pl. 551. 1786-1793. .
Kota-kota District: Chia area, on sandy lake-shores, shrub 1.5 m. high,
branches numerous, upright, flowers wine-coloured with darker reddish throat, 470
m., Sept. 2, 1946, 17480. Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, frequent in rain-forest
regrowth, scrambling shrub up to 10 m. high, flowers purplish-pink with dark
reddish-purple throat, 1200 m., Sept. 21, 1946, 17707. Tropical Africa and Amer-
ica, also Madagascar.
Hibiscus vitifolius L. Sp. Pl. 696. 1753.
Kasungu District: Kasungu, weed in old garden, shrub 1 m. high, flowers yel-
low, throat purple, 1000 m., Aug. 27, 1946, 17439. Cholo District: Cholo Moun-
tain, common in rain-forest regrowth, scrambling shrub 2-3 m. high, flowers yel-
low with dark purple throat, 1200 m., Sept. 21, 1946, 17720. Chikwawa District:
Chikwawa, frequent about native village, shrub 1-1.5 m. high, flowers with
maroon centre, showy, 180 m., Oct. 5, 1946, 17983. Tropics of Africa, Asia, and
Australia, also West Indies (perhaps introduced).
Hibiscus vitifolius L. var. ricinifolius (E. Mey. ex Harv.) Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard.
Bot. Genéve 4: 170. 1900; Exell & Mendonga in Carrisso, Consp. FI..
Angol. 1: 177. 1951.
Hibiscus jatrophaefolius A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 58. 1847.
Hibiscus ricinoides Garcke, Bot. Zeit. 7: 834. 1849.
Hibiscus ricinifolius E. Mey. ex Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. 1:171. 1860.
Hibiscus natalitius Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. 2: 587. 1862.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, undergrowth of primary rain-forest, scrambling
shrub 3 m. high, flowers yellow with dark red throat, 1200 m., Sept. 20, 1946,
17658. Eritrea, Abyssinia, Uganda, Nyasaland, Angola, Naral.
226 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
‘
The reduction of H. ricinoides is on the authority of Harvey and Hochreutiner,
who both consider it’and H. ricinifolius conspecific. I am indebted to the authori-
ties of the Vienna Herbarium for kindly loaning the type-specimen of H. ricini-
folius, which is in Herb. Drége; and to the University Professor of Botany,
Trinity College, Dublin, for what is presumably the type-specimen of H. natali-
tius from Herb. Harvey. Type or isotype material of the other names mentioned is
at Kew.
It should be noted that Hochreutiner’s sinking of H. natalitius under H., viti-
folius L. var. heterotrichus (DC.) Hochr. is quite wrong, as is shown by examina-
tion of the type-specimen of Hibiscus heterotrichus DC., received on loan from
Geneva.
Mr. Brass’ specimen is the first evidence for the occurrence of H. vitifolius
var. ricinifolius in Nyasaland; it should be looked out for in Tanganyika Terri-
tory, where it surely must occur. However, it appears to be a scarce plant S. of
Uganda, only once or twice collected in each territory. It is possible that it oc-
curs outside Africa, since there is a specimen from the Island of Timorlaut, in
the East Indies, that obviously comes very close to H. vitifolius var. ricinifolius
but the specimen is so poor that it would be unwise to be certain.
STERCULIACEAE
Sterculia quinqueloba (Garcke) K. Schum. Bot. Jahrb. 15: 135. 1892; in Engl.
Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 5: 104. 1900.
Cola quinqueloba Garcke in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 1: 130. 1861.
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, characteristic tree of woodlands on stony
ridges, tree 10-15 m. high and to 0.6 m. in diameter, deciduous and now leafless,
the smooth grey bark of trunk and branches make the tree very conspicuous,
native name mgoza, 300 m., Oct. 5, 1946, 17993. Tanganyika Territory to Portu-
guese East Africa and Angola.
Sterculia africana (Lour.) Fiori, Agr. Colon. Ital. 5: suppl. 37. 1912.
Triphaca africana Lour. Fl. Cochinchin. 577. 1790.
Sterculia triphaca R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 228. 1844; K. Schum. in Engl. Monogr.
Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 5: 105. 1900, pro parte.
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, plentiful in open forest of river-
plains, tree 20-25 m. high and to 1 m. in diameter, deciduous, now leafless, bark
pale yellowish-green, peeling in thin papery flakes, flowers yellow streaked with
red, native name (Chinyanja) njali, 180 m., Oct. 4, 1946, 17950. Kenya to Portu-
guese East Africa and Nyasaland, with varieties extending to Eritrea, Socotra,
and Hereroland (fide K. Schumann),
Dombeya Cav. subg. Dombeya (subg. Eudombeya K. Schum.).
The four gatherings made of this subgenus belong to a complex of species
with more or less lobed leaves and large flowers, extending from South Africa to
Uganda and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. The taxonomy of this group is at present
chaotic; it is hard to say if we are dealing with a few very variable species or
whether there are numerous closely related ones. The herbarium-material at pres-
ent available is insufficient to decide. Therefore, although the specimens col-
lected by the Expedition do not exactly square with authentic material of any of
the species here at Kew, I have felt it better to refer them to their apparent near-
est affinities rather than describe new species of very doubtful value. Until much
more material is available, and especially collections made to show the range of
variety within populations, a satisfactory classification will be difficult to attain.
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASAL AND 553
Dombeya sp. nr. dawei Sprague, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 37: 501. 1906; et burges-
siae Gerr. ex Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. 2: 590. 1862.
Zomba District: Zomba, occasional on roadsides and in old fields, herb 2=2.5
m. high; flower delicate pale pink, 1000 m., May 26, 1946, Shortridge 16026.
Dombeya sp. nr. nyasica Exell, Jour. Bot. 77: 166. 1939.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, frequent in moist gullies in Brachystegia
woodland, shrub 1.5-2 m. high, flowers pink, showy, 1400 m., July 25, 1946,
Brass 16929. :
Mr. Brass’ specimen differs from the isotype of D. nyasica, which was col-
lected between Kota-kota and Dowa, only in the more acuminate leaf-lobing. Fur-
ther material will probably prove this to be a variable character.
Dombeya sp. nr. platypoda K. Schum. in Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 5:
29. 1900.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, plentiful in shrubberies bordering lower
montane forest, shrub about 2 m. high, flowers pale pink, 1600 m., July 26, 1946,
16973.
Differs from the type of D. platypoda, which was collected at Fwambo in N.
Rhodesia, in the densely pubescent peduncles and young stems.
Dombeya sp.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, edges of juniper forest, shrub 3-4 m.
high, leaves greyish, flowers pink, showy, 2250 m., Aug. 11, 1946, 17183.
The affinity of this specimen is doubtful.
Dombeya Cav. subg. Xeropetalum (Planch.) K. Schum.
Dombeya rotundifolia (Hochst.) Planch. Fl. Serres 6: 225. 1850-1851; Harv. in
Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. 1: 221. 1859-1860; K. Schum. in Engl. Monogr.
Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 5: 35. 1900.
eropetalum rotundifolium Hochst. Flora 27: 295. 1844.
Dombeya spectabilis a Boj.) Mast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 227. 1868, p.p.,
quoad spec. Meller.
Dombeya multiflora Planch. var. vestita K. Schum. in Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam.
& Gatt. 5: 34. 1900, p.p., quoad spec. Meller & Buchanan 52 et Nichols., verisim.
etiam spec. omn. nyass. et mossambic.
Blantyre District: Limbe, frequent in Brachystegia woodland, tree 8 m. high,
bark rough, flowers delicate pale pink, an attractive species, native name (Chin-
yanja) mato, 1000 m., Oct. 1, 1946, 17885. Uganda to South Africa.
Dombeya shupangae [‘‘mupangae’’] K. Schum. in Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam. &
Gatt. 5: 39. 1900; corr. Sprague, Jour. Bot. 59: 349. 1921.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, occasional in rain-forests, tree 10 m.
high and 25 cm. in diameter, semi-deciduous, flowering branchlets usually leaf-
less, flowers pink, 1400 m., July 27, 1946, 16982; ibid., occasional in rain-
forested gullies in Brachystegia woodland, tree 4~10 m. high, flowers delicate
pinkish-white, 1350 m., Sept. 9, 1946, 17577. Tanganyika, Nyasaland, and Portu-
guese East Africa.
A comment on the orthography of the specific epithet seems desirable. The
generally accepted spelling of the type-locality, in Portuguese East Africa, is
Shupanga. Schumann misread the locality on the label of the type-specimen as
Mupanga; the spelling on this label appears to be Chupanga, and at first sight
there appears a case for altering the epithet to ‘‘chupangae’’; but Kirk in his
correspondence used the spelling Shupanga, and it seems likely that the label it-
self has a misspelling of the locality. I therefore leave Sprague’s correction as it
stands.
228 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
‘
Mr. Brass’ specimen is the first record from Nyasaland. Although Schumann
(l.c.) cites Meller’s specimen from the Manganja Hills in Nyasaland under D.
**mupangae,’’ the specimen is in fact D. rotundifolia (Hochst.) Planch.
Waltheria indica L. Sp. Pl. 673. 1753.
Waltheria americana L. Sp. Pl. 673. 1753; K. Schum. in Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam.
& Gatt. 5: 45. 1900.
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, one plant on a sandy beach, herb 60
cm. high, flowers yellow, 180 m., Oct. 6, 1946, 18010. Widespread in the tropics
and subtropics. |
For reasons for adopting W. indica as the valid name instead of W. americana,
see Exell and Mendonga in Carrisso, Consp. Fl. Angol. 1: 193. (1951).
TILIACEAE
Grewia sulcata Mast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 252. 1868; Burret, Bot. Jahrb. 45:
188..1910, excl. vars.
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, occasional on sandy river-banks,
shrub about 1 m. high, flowers greenish-white, native name (Chinyanja) mkun-
gubwe, 180 m., Oct. 6, 1946, 17999. New to Nyasaland; previously known from
Tanganyika Territory (fide Burret) and Portuguese East Africa.
Triumfetta welwitschii Mast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 255. 1868; Sprague &
Hutch. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 253. 1909.
Triumfetta rehmannii Szysz. Polypet. Thalamifl. Rehmann. 151. 1887.
Triumfetta mastersii Bak. f. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II. 4: 6. 1894; Sprague & Hutch.
Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 252. 1909.
Triumfetta laxiflora Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 39: 579. 1907.
Triumfetta welwitschii Mast. var. typica Sprague & Hutch. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39:
253. 1909.
cgi, ce Ho ges Mast. var. rehmannii (Szysz.) Sprague & Hutch. Jour. Linn.
Soc. Bot. 39: 253. 1909.
Triumfetta welwitschii Mast. var. laxiflora (Engl.) Sprague & Hutch. Jour. Linn. Soc.
Bot. 39: 254. 1909. -
Triumfetta mastersii Bak. f. var. typica Sprague & Hutch. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39:
252.1909,
Kota-kota District: Chintembwe, rocky grasslands, perennial herb, rootstock
large, woody, young shoots flowering after burning of the grass, flowers yellow,
1400 m., Sept. 9, 1946, 17586. Southwestern Tanganyika Territory to the Trans-
vaal and Angola.
The treatment of Triumfetta welwitschii and T. mastersii by Sprague & Hutch-
inson in their revision of the African Triumfettas (Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 231-
276. 1909) is unsatisfactory. The varieties of T. welwitschii that they recognize
(var. rehmannii, var. laxiflora) are merely stages in development; the changes that
the pre-rains flowerers of the African savannahs undergo in a short space of time
at the end of the dry season and the early part of the rains must be seen to be
appreciated.
. mastersii Bak. f., sensu stricto, differs from T. welwitschii only in the
slightly shorter and broader leaves; these characters are, however, so inconstant
and variable that I feel unable to separate T. mastersii even varietally.
T. mastersii var. heliocarpa (K. Schum.) Sprague & Hutch. is a very distinct
and striking plant in its spreading indumentum and its large.broad leaves with
prominent venation and coarsely and densely crenate-serrulate margins, and I
would prefer to maintain it as originally published—a distinct species, T. helio-
carpa K. Schum.; though I should add that in structure of flower and fruit it does
not appear separable from T. welwitschii.
a
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NY ASALAND 229
Triumfetta welwitschii Mast. var. descampsii (De Wild. & Th. Dur.) Brenan,
comb. nov.
Triumfetta descampsii De Wild. & Th. Dur. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 39: 95. 1901.
Triumfetta mastersii Bak. f. var. descampsii (De Wild. & Th. Dur.) Sprague & Hutch.
Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 252. 1909.
Dedza District: Dedza, sporadic in Brachystegia woodland, perennial herb,
young shoots flowering after the burning of the grass, rootstock more or less
fleshy, flowers yellow, 1500 m., Sept. 13, 1946, 17627.* Transvaal to southwest-
ern Tanganyika Territory and the Belgian Congo.
The var. descampsii in my view covers those forms of T. welwitschii in which
the leaves become rapidly glabrous or nearly so on the lower surface, and are not
more or less densely and persistently stellate-tomentellous beneath as in typical
T. welwitschii. Intermediates occur, and the view that descampsii cannot be
separated specifically is undoubtedly correct. As in T. welwitschii proper the
width of the leaves in var. descampsii varies a good deal. The type of Triumfetta
descampsti (Belgian Congo: Babondo, Lomami, July 5, 1891, Descamps s.n.)
which, through the kindness of the Director of the Jardin Botanique de |’Etat,
Brussels, I have had on loan, shows unusually broad. leaves 1.5-2.4 cm. wide,
contrasting with the normally much narrower leaves of specimens from elsewhere.
I do not consider, however, that leaf-width is of any great taxonomic significance
in this species.
Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 22. 1760; Sprague & Hutch. Jour.
Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 266. 1909.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, frequent in young rain-forest regrowth, shrub
1-2 m. high, flowers yellow, 1200 m., Sept. 19, 1946, 17645. Throughout the
tropics. -
Triumfetta pilosa Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. Ind. Or. 223. 1821; var. nyasana Sprague &
Hutch. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 274. 1909.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, shrubby rain-forest borders, shrub 1.5 m.
high, 1500 m., July 29, 1946, 17019. The species in the tropics of the Old World;
the var. in East Africa from Uganda to S. Rhodesia and Portuguese East Africa.
Triumfetta effusa E. Mey. ex Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. 1: 228. 1860; Sprague &
Hutch. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 275. 1909.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, west slope, in low brush on rocky slopes,
shrub 1 m. high, 1880 m., July 18, 1946, 16865. N. and S. Rhodesia to South
Africa; new to Nyasaland.
Sparrmannia L. f.
There has been difference of opinion about the spelling of this generic name.
In Suppl. Plant. (1781), where this genus was published, the following references
occur:
p. 41. The genus is described with the spelling ‘*Sparmannia.”’
Lower down it is said that the genus is named ‘‘In memoriam Andreae Sparr-
mann.’’
p. 265. Sparrmannia [sic] africana is described.
p. 462 (index). ‘*Sparrmannia 41. 265.’’
It is clear from this that the spelling intended by Linnaeus fil. was Sparr-
mannia and that Sparmannia was an unintentional orthographic error.
Sparrmannia ricinocarpa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3?: 26. 1898; Wei-
marck, Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 27: 400 et. seq. 1933.
Urena ricinocarpa Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. Pl. Afr. Austr. 1: 37. 1835.
230 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol, 8, No. 3
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, plentiful in grassy clearings, subshrub 1.5
m. high, leaves said to be eaten, cooked as a green vegetable, flowers white,
1400 m., May 28, 1946, 16064; ibid., common on rain-forest edges and regrowth,
shrub about 1.5 m. high, flowers white, 1500 m., June 5, 1946, 16270. North
Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common in shrubby borders of montane forest,
shrub 1.5=2 m. high, flowers pinkish-white, 2320 m., Aug. 16, 1946, 17262. A.-E.
Sudan to South Africa.
LINACEAE
Radiola linoides Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 17. 1788; Gmel. Syst. Nat. 21: 289.
1791; Mansfeld, Repert. Sp. Nov. 46: 301. 1939.
Linum radiola L. Sp. Pl. 281. 1753.
Millegrana radiola (L.) Druce, Fl. Berks. 114. 1897; Fernald, Gray’s Man. ed. 8. 943.
1950.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, between grass clumps in open grass-
lands, herb about 2 cm. high, flowers green, 2200 m., Aug. 17, 1946, 17292. Eu-
rope (N. to Scandinavia and Estonia, S. to Spain, and from Russia in the E. to
Ireland in the W.), Madeira, N. Africa (Morocco and Tunis); in tropical Africa
known only from the Cameroon Mountain and Nyasaland; naturalised in Nova
Scotia.
A diminutive plant with a most interesting distribution. Radiola is often
ascribed to Roth (1788), but, as Messrs. Dandy and Exell point out to me, it was
first described by Hill in 1756 (see Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5).
Hugonia sp.
Kasungu District: Kasungu, Kasungu Hill, frequent on rocky slopes, shrub
3-6 m. high, subscandent, often tree-like in habit, fruit more or less fleshy,
yellow-green, 1100 m., Aug. 28, 1946, 17459.
Flowers are wanted in order that this plant may be named with certainty.
ERY THROXYLACEAE
Erythroxylum emarginatum [*Erytroxylon emarginatus’ | Thonn. in Schumach. &
Thonn. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 224. 1827; O. E. Schulz, Pflanzenreich 29 (4154):
155, 1907.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, in rain-forest undergrowths, shrub 2-3 m.
high, flowers white, 1200 m., Sept. 21, 1946, 17713; Nswadzi River, common in
riverine rain-forest undergrowth, tree 4-6 m. high, flowers white, 840 m., Sept.
29, 1946, 17866. In W. Africa from Sierra Leone to Angola; in E. Africa from
Uganda southwards to S. Rhodesia, with a variety extending to Natal.
GERANIACEAE”®
Geranium aculeolatum Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 291. 1868.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, frequent in grassy rain-forest regrowths, vine,
scrambling to a height of 2 m., viscid, flowers white, 1450 m., June 3, 1946,
16186. Highlands of E. Africa from Abyssinia to Nyasaland.
Geranium simense Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 116. 1847.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, on shady roadsides, herb with weak reclining
habit, stems up to more or less 60 cm. long, flowers pink, 1500 m., June 4, 1946,
16203. Highlands from Nigeria and Fernando Po east to Abyssinia and south to
S. Rhodesia.
1°Geranium by E. Milne-Redhead, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASAL AND 234
Geranium latistipulatum Hochst. ex. A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 117. 1847.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, uncommon, gregarious amongst sheltering
rocks on grassland, herb 50 cm. high, flowers pink, 2100 m., July 11, 1946, 16789.
Highlands of E. Africa from Abyssinia to Nyasaland; new to Nyasaland.
Geranium nyassense Knuth, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 289. 1922.
Geranium ukingense Knuth, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 292. 1922.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, gregarious in edge of forest regrowths,
perennial herb 70-90 cm. high, leaves grey below, old leaves red, flowers pale
pink, 2340 m., Aug. 12, 1946, 17189. Highlands from Tanganyika to S. Rhodesia.
Geranium vagans Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 246. 1897.
Geranium angustisectum Knuth, Pflanzenreich 53 (4'*°): 207. 1912.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau; Nchena-chena Spur, common in short
grass of slopes, attractive perennial herb about 50 cm. high, roots tuberous,
flowers 2.0~2.3 cm. diameter, petals white, styles red, 2000 m., Aug. 10, 1946,
17148, Highlands of E. Africa from Kenya and Uganda south to Nyasaland.
Pelargonium whytei Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 246. 1897; Knuth, Pflanzenreich 53
(4*°):.394. 1912.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau; Nchena-chena Spur, occasional in open
grassland, perennial herb, stems to 1 m. or more long, scrambling, stems and
under side of leaves reddish, flowers pink striped with red, 2000 m., Aug. 20,
1946, 17346; ibid., common among shrubs in grassland, herb 1 m. high, stems
weak, scrambling, flowers pink, 1500 m., Aug. 20, 1946, 17364. Southwestern
Tanganyika Territory and Nyasaland.
OXALIDACEAE
Oxalis obliquifolia Steud. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 123. 1847; Knuth,
Pflanzenreich 95 (418°): 348. 1930; Salter, Jour. S. Afr. Bot. Suppl. Vol. 1:
154, 1944.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, occasional on moist shaded ground on open
rocky slopes, herb 10-20 cm. high, very attractive, flower-tube yellow, lobes pale
purple, native name (Chinyanja) ching-gongo, 1450 m., June 5, 1946, 16232; ibid.,
locally common in moist semi-shade, herb 6-9 cm. high, corolla-tube yellow,
lobes rose-coloured, 1500 m., June 5, 1946, 16266. A.-E. Sudan and Abyssinia,
southwards through E. Africa to Nyasaland and South Africa.
Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. Prodr. 1: 690. 1824; Knuth, Pflanzenreich 95
(49°): 393, 1930.
Oxalis sensitiva L. Sp. Pl. 434. 1753.
Mlanje District: Likubula Gorge, frequent on rocky banks of river, herb 10-20
cm. high, flowers purple, later orange, 840 m., June 20, 1946, 16371. Widespread
in tropical Africa and Asia.
Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 81. p/. 15. 1861.
Oxalis sessilis Ham. ex Wall. Cat. n. 4344. 1831 (mom. nud.); ex Baill. Bull. Soc.
Linn. Paris 1: 598. 1886 (nom. illegit.),
Biophyium sessile (Ham.) Knuth, Pflanzenreich 95 (415°): 393. 1930.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, trodden ground about habitations, herb 4-10
m. high, flowers yellow, 1500 m., June 4, 1946, 16224*. Widespread in tropical
Africa and Asia,
BALSAMINACEAE
Impatiens ? assurgens Bak. Kew Bull. 1895: 64. 1895; Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. 43: 99.
1909; Engl. Pflanzenw. Afr. 3?: 299. 1921.
232 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau; Nchena-chena Spur, one plant beside a
grassland trail, pale pink herb, 1900 m., Aug. 20, 1946, 17356*. Portuguese East
Africa, Nyasaland, and N. Rhodesia.
The material is too poor for certain identification.
Impatiens shirensis Bak. f. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. Il. 4: 7. 1894; Gilg, Bot.
Jahrb. 43: 111. 1909.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, frequent on banks of
streams in forest, shrub 1.5-2 m. high, more or less fleshy, branches numerous,
erect, flowers white or pinkish-white, 1820 m., June 25, 1946, 16423. Nyasaland
only.
Impatiens zombensis Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 247. 1897; Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. 43: 114.
1909; Engl. Pflanzenw. Afr. 3?: 302. 1921.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, common on moist shady banks of a stream,
herb 50-100 cm. high, flowers Ba ins Beko 2.5 cm. in diameter, 1400 m., May 28,
1946, 16043. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, west slopes, on moist banks of
streams, herb 15-40 cm. high, plant erect, fleshy, stems and branches red, flow-
ers mauve, 1700 m., June 24, 1946, 16408; ibid., Luchenya Plateau, plentiful on
open banks of streams in forest, often in dense clumps, herb 30-40 cm., stems
and branches red, flowers rose-pink, showy, 1820 m., July 1, 1946, 16584.
Brass 16408 and 16584 are rather more glabrescent than I. zombensis but the
Same as a specimen at Kew collected in 1891 by Whyte on Mount Mlanje. The
Mlanje plant may be varietally separable.
Impatiens zombensis Bak. var. micrantha Brenan, var. nov.
A typo differt foliis superne saepe subverticillatis plerumque pro rata angusti-
oribus superioribus 2-5 x 0.8=1.7 cm. inferioribus usque ad 10 x3 cm., nervis
lateralibus foliorum utrinque 4-6 (in I]. zombensi typica 6-8), floribus minoribus,
vexillo 3—4.5 mm. longo 3.5=5.5 mm. lato (nec 6-9 x 5-7 mm.), alis 8-11 mm. lon-
gis lobis angustioribus.
Blantyre District: Blantyre; Shire Highlands, 1887, J. T. Last s.n. (Herb.
Kew.). Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, local on moist shady banks of a stream
in rain-forest, herb 20-40 cm. high, stems and branches red, flower mauve, about
half the size of the common plant of the area, 1500 m., June 7, 1946, 16321
(TYPUS varietatis).
Later research may show that this is a distinct species. At present I do not
consider the characters important or constant enough to be more than varietal.
Impatiens walleriana Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 302. 1868; Gilg, Bot.
fahrb. 43: 118. 1909.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, open rocky bed of rain-forest gulley, herb 30
-50 cm. high, branched into a flat top, very fleshy, flowers dark carmine, 1200
m., Sept. 24, 1946, 17779; ibid., frequent in rain-forest gullies, herb about 50 cm.
high, branched into a flat top, flowers reddish-carmine, 1200 m., Sept. 26, 1946,
17828. E, Africa, from Kenya to Portuguese East Africa and Nyasaland.
Impatiens sp. (sect. Microcentron Warb. $ Stenocentron Warb.)
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, plentiful on borders of montane forest,
herb about 1 m. high, erect, branches and petioles red, petals mauve, sepals and
spur red, 2300 m., Aug. 13, 1946, 17204.
I have not matched this exactly, and it may be new. I think that as it belongs
to a difficult and critical group it is better to await further material before de-
scribing it.
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASAL AND 233
Impatiens sp.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, on an open seepage slope, herb 20-30 cm.
high, fleshy, stems red, flowers mauve, 1450 m., June 9, 1946, Vernay 16286*.
The flowers of this specimen are not adequate for dissection and I am doubt-
ful about it. I suspect that it is the same as the specimen at Kew: Portuguese
East Africa: Nyassa Province: Between Unango and Mtonia, 1896, Rev. P;
Jobnson s.n.; which is closely similar to my I. zombensis var. micrantha (see
above) but has the labellum pubescent outside and the fruits becoming hairy. The
last character is particularly well-shown by Mr. Vernay’s specimen. If this sug-
gestion is right then Mr. Vernay’s specimen will constitute an additional form or
variety of I. zombensis. Unfortunately the Rev. Mr. Johnson’s specimen is not
good enough to serve as a type.
RUTACEAE
Oricia swynnertonii (Bak. f.) Verdoorn, Kew Bull. 1926: 413. 1926.
Teclea swynnertonii Bak. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 40: 35. pl. 2, f. 1-5. 1911.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, open rocky situation in rain-forest, tree 8 m.
high, flowers cream, 1400 m., Sept. 20, 1946, 17663. Nyasaland and S. Rhodesia.
Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. Tab. Encyc. 2: 116. 1797; Verdoorn, Kew Bull.
1926: 400. 1926.
Paullinia asiatica L. Sp. Pl. 365. 1753.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, occasional in rain-forest borders, vine 3-4
m. high, flower not seen, fruit green, 1450 m., June 4, 1946, 16205. Cholo Dis-
trict: Cholo Mountain, scrambling in rain-forest, subscandent, 8 m. high, fruit
‘orange, eaten by the natives, 1200 m., Sept. 23, 1946, 17769. Eastern and cen-
tral Africa from the A.-E. Sudan southwards to the Transvaal, also in Madagas-
car, the Mascarene Islands, and tropical Asia.
Clausena anisata [**Claussena’’| (Willd.) Hook. f. ex Benth. in Hook. Niger FI.
256. 1849; Oliv. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5 suppl. 2: 34. 1861; Fl. Trop. Afr.
1: 308. 1868; Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. ed. 2. 19A: 322.
1931.
Amyris anisata Willd. Sp. Pl. 2: 337. 1799.
Kota-kota District: Chenga Hill, brushy dry forest amongst rocks, shrub 4 m.
high, deciduous, now in young leaf, flowers white, 1600 m., Sept. 9, 1946, 17609.
Widespread in tropical Africa.
Aeglopsis chevalieri Swingle, Mém. Soc. Bot. France 8d: 240. pl. 2, f. 1-9, pl. 3.
1912.
BELGIAN CONGO: Cultivated in the Jardin d’Essais du Frére Gillet, tree 4-7
m. high, 20 cm. in diameter at breast-height, flowers greenish-white, inconspicu-
ous, fruit 3.5-4.5 cm. in diameter, hard, orange, seeds immersed in very sticky
_ mucilaginous substance, said to be used as a grafting stock for citrous fruits, 530
m., May 16, 1946, 16022.* Native of the Ivory Coast and the Gold Coast.
The leaves of Brass 16022 are rather smaller than usual, perhaps because of
the environment.
SIMAROUBACEAE
Balanites ? pedicellaris Mildbr. & Schlecht. Bot. Jahrb. 51: 162. 1913.
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, in dry brushy forest of elevated river-plain,
tree or shrub 4 m. high, leaves thick and fleshy, fruit orange, native name (Chin-
yanja) nalunga, 200 m., Oct. 2, 1946, 17906.
234 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
Brass 17906 shows only twigs, leaves and fruit. So far it agrees satisfactorily
with B. pedicellaris; but since this species has up till now been collected only
in Uganda, Kenya, and Tanganyika Territory, I prefer to await flowers before
identifying Brass 17906 certainly. Although I have not seen the type-specimen, I
feel that the original description and named specimens at Kew of Balanites aus-
tralis Bremek. (Ann. Transv. Mus. 15: 244. 1933) indicate a plant too close to B.
pedicellaris to be separated specifically. If this supposition is confirmed, then
the locality of Brass 17906 would be intermediate in position between the east
African area of B. pedicellaris and the locality of B. australis in the N. Transvaal.
Balanites dawei Sprague, Kew Bull. 1913: 140. 1913.
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, in Acacia albida woodland, tree 20 m. high
and 75 cm. in diameter, flowers green, few buds open, 200 m., Oct. 3, 1946,
17924. Portuguese East Africa and now new to Nyasaland.
I very much doubt whether B. maughamii Sprague (Kew Bull. 1913: 138. 1913)
is specifically distinct. The main distinction, according to Sprague, between the
two lies in the fruits, lacking in Mr. Brass’ specimen; Sprague also gives a very
slight difference in the shape of the petals of B. dawei and B. maughamii, which,
if genuine, suggests that Brass 17924 is better placed under B. dawei. More ma-
terial is wanted. ;
OCHNACEAE
Ochna leptoclada Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 318. 1868.
Kota-kota District: Chia area, locally common in sandy woodlands of lake-
plains, shrub 30-50 cm. high, deciduous, petals yellow, fugacious, calyx reddish,
fruit immature, 480 m., Sept. 1, 1946, 17477. Belgian Congo, Tanganyika Terri-
tory, N. and S. Rhodesia.
Ochna gracilipes Hiern, Cat. Welw. Afr. Pl. 1: 121. 1896; Exell & Mendonga in
Carrisso, Consp. Fl. Angol. 1: 286. 1951.
Kota-kota District: Chintembwe, in rocky grasslands, low bushy shrub 20-30
cm. high, flowers yellow, fruiting calyx red, fruit immature; 1400 m., Sept. 9,
1946, 17588. Belgian Congo, Tanganyika Territory, Nyasaland, N. and S. Rho-
desia, Angola, and South West Africa.
The taxonomy of this and the preceding species is very difficult, and I do
not feel at all sure that the above treatment is right. The material available is
inadequate. Specimens collected from the same clump so as to show flowers ma-
ture leaves and ripe fruit will often require more than one visit, at different sea-
sons; but this is what is badly needed, here and in other genera. At present it is
hard to know whether there are several closely related species or one variable one.
I vesy strongly suspect that, whatever the final taxonomic verdict, Ochna hil-
lit Hutch. (Kew Bull. 1921: 245, 1921) will turn out to be a synonym of O. graci-
lipes. If this is so then the range of O. gracilipes is extended to the savannah
regions of French Guinea, Ivory Coast, Gold Coast, and Nigeria.
Ochna longipes Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 247. 1897.
Ochna shirensis Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 247. 1897.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, rocky situations in rain-forest, tree 10 m.
high, deciduous, young leaves only, flowers yellow, 1400 m., Sept. 20, 1946,
17668. Kenya, Tanganyika Territory, Nyasaland, S. Rhodesia, and Portuguese
East Africa.
MELIACEAE
Turraea robusta Gurke, Bot. Jahrb. 19 Beibl. 47: 34. 1894.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, rocky edges of rain-forest, tree 4-6
m. high, flowers brownish, fruit green, aril bright orange, seeds black, 1650 m.,
-
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NY ASALAND 235
July 31, 1946, 17056. Belgian Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika Territory, N.
Rhodesia, and now new to Nyasaland.
Trichilia volkensii Gurke, Bot. Jahrb. 19: Beibl. 47: 33. 1894; Harms in Engl. &
Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. ed. 2. 19B*: 112. 1940; Staner, Bull. Jard. Bot.
Brux. 16: 146. 1941.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, in primary rain-forest, tree 20 m. high and
35 cm. in diameter at breast-height, flowers cream, 1200 m., Sept. 23, 1946,
17765; ibid., occasional in rain-forest, tree 5-7 m. high, flowers cream-coloured,
fragrant, 1200 m., Sept. 25, 1946, 17800.
Both these gatherings may be referred to var. genuina Pic.-Ser. Webbia 7:
334 (1950).
Trichilia roka (Forsk.) Chiov. Flora Somala 2: 131. 1932.
Elcaja roka Forsk. Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. xcv (mom. s. descr.), 127 no. 100 (cum descr.
gen.-specif. sed s. nom.). 1775.
Trichilia emetica Vahl. Symb. Bot. 1: 31. 1790; Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat.
Pflanzenf. ed. 2. 19B*: 109. 1940; Staner, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 16: 175. 1941.
Kota-kota District: Chia area, on bank of a stream in woodland of lake-plain,
tree 18 m. high and 40 cm. in diameter, flowers green, native name (Chinyanja)
mwavi, 480 m., Sept. 2, 1946, 17503. Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River,
on sandy bank of river, tree 15 m. high, flowers cream-coloured, 180 m., Oct. 6,
1946, 18024. Widespread in tropical Africa, extending to South Africa, Madagas-
car, Réunion, and Arabia.
Mr. W. G. Dyson has called my attention to this unfortunate name-change. Mr.
H. K. Airy-Shaw agrees that the name on one page must be associated with the
description on another—the same procedure, incidentally, as that which validates
‘the name Catha edulis Forsk.
Trichilia capitata Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 120. 1861; Harms in
Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. ed. 2. 19B*: 112. 1940.
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, frequent on sandy riverbanks, tree
15 m. high, fruit green, seeds black, aril red, 180 m., Oct. 6, 1946, 18006. Portu-
guese East Africa and Nyasaland.
OLACACEAE
Strombosia scheffleri Engl. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. Append. 21: 4. 1909; Bot.
Jahrb. 43: 166. 1909; Louis & Léonard, Fl. Congo Belge 1: 270. 1948.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, in rain-forest canopy-layer, tree 30 m. high,
flowers cream-coloured, 1200 m., Sept. 24, 1946, 17780. British Cameroons, Por-
tuguese Congo, Belgian Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika Territory, Nyasa-
land, S. Rhodesia, Angola.
This species has been till now unrepresented at Kew from Nyasaland, but is
recorded thence in Check Lists For. Trees & Shrubs Brit. Emp. 2 (Nyasaland): 57
(1936).
AQUIFOLIACEAE
Ilex mitis (L.) Radlk. Rep. Brit. Ass. 1885: 1081. 1886; Act. Congr. Bot. Anvers .
172. 1887; Loesener, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. 78: 240. 1901.
Sideroxylon mite L. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. 2: 178. 1767.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, isolated trees on rocks
in grassland, tree 3-5 m. high, of compact habit, diameter at breast-height 20
cm., foliage dark green, twigs purple, fruit red, soft and fleshy, 2200 m., July 3,
1946, 16650. Eritrea and Uganda, southwards to South Africa; in West Africa con-
fined to Fernando Po and the British Cameroons (the Cameroon Mountain and
Bamenda).
236 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANIC AL GARDEN [Vol, 8, No. 3
CELASTRACEAE
Catha edulis Forsk. Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. cvii (nom.), 63 (descr.). 1775; Davison,
Bothalia 2: 339. 1927; Greenway, E. Afr. Agr. Jour. 13: 98-102. 1947.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi, common in forest, tree to 20 m. high and 60 cm. in
diameter, flowers cream-coloured, 1350 m., Aug. 1, 1946, 17071. Cholo District:
Cholo, common in rain-forest, tree 20-25 m. high and to 40 cm. in diameter, fruit
immature, whitish, 1100 m., Sept. 29, 1946, 17873. Arabia (? introduced here) and
Abyssinia, southwards through eastern Africa to South Africa.
Maytenus Mol.
Gymnosporia (Wight & Arn.) Benth. & Hook.
In volume 20B of the second edition of the Nattrlichen Pflanzenfamilien
(1942) Loesener has taken a rather revolutionary view of the limits of the genera
Gymnosporia and Maytenus, restricting the former to those with spines or short
shoots. Consequently a number of African species, till then accepted as Gymno-
sporiae, had to be moved to Maytenus. Till then Maytenus had been limited to
New World species, and separated from Gymnosporia by rather vague characters
such as the prevalence of uniovulate loculi and bilocular ovaries.
Loesener’s new view was a decided improvement on the previous position.
Biovulate loculi are neither rare nor accidental in Maytenus, witness Urban’s key
to the West Indian species (Symb. Antill. 5: 53, 54. 1904), where twenty out of
twenty-one species are said to have them. Bilocular ovaries are usual in some
African species of Gymnosporia. There was thus, before Loesener’s latest idea,
no certain character to separate Gymnosporia from Maytenus.
The presence or absence of spines or short shoots is, however, so poor a
character to separate genera, and is moreover inconstant, that it seems better to
merge Gymnosporia wholly into Maytenus.
Maytenus acuminata (L.f.) Loes. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. ed. 2. 20B:
138. 1942.
Celastrus acuminatus L. f. Suppl. Pl. 154. 1781.
Celastrus populifolius Lam. Tab. Encyc. 2: 94. 1797.
Gymnosporia acuminata (L.f.) Szysz. Enum. Polyp. Discifl. Rehm. 33. 1888; Engl.
Pflanzenw. Afr. 37: 224. 1921; Davison, Bothalia 2: 311. 1927. Non G. acuminata
Hook. f. ex Laws. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 619. 1875.
Gymnosporia populifolia (Lam.) Dummer, Gard. Chron. II. 54: 248. 1913.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common in primary
forest, tree up to about 10 m. high, fruit dehiscent, 1890 m., July 15, 1946,
16843. Uganda (Eggeling 3787), southwestern Tanganyika Territory ? (Stolz 2334),
Nyasaland, and South Africa.
Mr. Brass’ specimen has leaves rather larger and proportionately longer than
the largest-leaved South African specimens, more rounded at base and more shin-
ing above. It does not agree satisfactorily with Gymnosporia lepidota Loes.,
which has been made a variety of G. acuminata, but does seem the same as the
Uganda and Tanganyika specimens in Herb. Kew. cited above. In any event I do
not consider it more than a large-leaved variant of G. acuminata.
It should be noticed that if this species is kept in Gymnosporia it cannot be
called G. acuminata (L.f.) Szysz., which is a later homonym; G. populifolia (Lam.)
Dimmer is the right name under Gymnosporia. ’
Maytenus acuminata (L.f.) Loes. var. uva-ursi Brenan, var. nov.
A typo foliis ad apicem obtusis vel nonnunquam subacutis nec acutis vel acu-
minatis, omnibus pro specie minimis (5~)9-20(-25) mm. longis 4-13 mm. latis
obovatis usque ellipticis vel nonnunquam subovatis.
‘living or in the herbarium, and in South Africa this is used as a
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 237
NYASALAND: Mlanje District; Tuchila Plateau, shrub 1.2—-1.8 m. high, flowers red,
1830 m., Aug., 1901, J. M. Purves 76 (Herb. Kew.); Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau,
in forest regrowths, tree or shrub 2-4 m. high, flowers red, fruits red, 2140 m., June 27,
1946, 16465; ibid., open rocky bed of a forest stream subject to flooding, shrub 1-1.5 m.
high, much branched, compact, flowers red, fruit red, 1850 m., July 8, 1946, 16742; ibid.,
occasional on rocks in grasslands, shrub up to 1 m. high, flowers red, fruit red, 2200 m.,
July 11, 1946, 16783 (TYPUS varietatis).
TRANSVAAL: Zoutpansberg District: 5 m. W. of Wylie’s Poort, in ‘‘fynbosch”’ leri-
coid vegetation |, up to 1 m. high, berries reddish, 1520 m., Aug. 22, 1930, Hutchinson &
Gillett 4409 (Herb. Kew.); Hillside, Franz Hoek Farm, small shrublet, very rare, July 12,
1935, E. E. Galpin 14943 (Herb. Kew.); Happy Rest, vicinity of Louis Trichardt, on berg,
small tree, smooth bark, 1220 m., Feb. 27, 1946, J. Gerstner 6114 (Herb. Kew.).
It seems at first sight absurd to make these plants and Brass 16843 variants
of the same species. In preliminary sorting I considered them obviously distinct
species; but the South African material shows such an extraordinary range of
leaf-size and habit that one’s faith in facies as a specific character totters
alarmingly.
The new variety is analogous to Gymnosporia acuminata (L.f.) Szysz. var.
microphylla (Sond.) Davison, but var. uva-ursi has the leaves obtuse or sometimes
subacute at apex, not acute or acuminate as in var. microphylla.
The Nyasaland specimens have leaves ranging from elliptic to narrowly obo-
vate, while the Transvaal ones are elliptic to somewhat ovate. By observing this
tendency it is possible to deduce the area where a specimen was collected.
The difference is so slight that for the present I think it best to consider them
as mere forms of a single variety.
If a leaf is broken across the pieces remain connected by more or less nv-
merous elastic cobwebby threads; the same thing happens whether the plant is
**spot-character”’
for Maytenus acuminata in its protean forms.
Maytenus cymosa (Soland.) Exell, Bol. Soc. Brot. II. 26: 222. 1952.
Celastrus buxifolius L. Sp. Pl. 197. 1753, pro parte; non Maytenus buxifolia Griseb.
Celastrus cymosus Soland. Bot. Mag. pl. 2070. 1819.
Gymnosporia buxifolia (L.) Szysz. Enum. Polyp. Discifl. Rehm. 34. 188; Engl.
Pflanzenw. Afr. 3°: 227. f. 113. 1921; Davison, Bothalia 2: 317. 1927.
Mlanje District: Likubula Gorge, on termite-mounds in Brachystegia-Uapaca
woodland, shrub 4-5 m. high, branches thorny, weak and subscandent, flowers
white, 840 m., Jume 20, 1946, 16377. Widespread from southern Spain through
tropical Africa to South Africa.
Maytenus welwitschiana Exell & Mendonga, nom. nov. [A. W.E. & F. A. M. |
Celastrus euonymoides Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 362. 1868; non Maytenus
evonymoides Reiss.
Gymnosporia euonymoides (Welw. ex Oliv.) Loes. Bot. Jahrb. 17: 547. 1893.
Kota-kota District: Chenga Hill, occasional on dry rocks, shrub 1-1.5 m.
high, petals white, ovary red, 1600 m., Sept. 9, 1946, 17601. Previously known
only from Angola, thus new to Nyasaland; similar plants occur in Tanganyika
Territory.
Brass 17601 has rusty-pubescent twigs, leading me to wonder whether it
might not be Gymnosporia ferruginea Bak., described from Mount Zomba. So I
examined the type-specimen of G. ferruginea and found, rather surprisingly, a
gamopetalous corolla, no stamens at all, despite the fact that Baker mentions
them in his description, and a central pubescent quadrilocular ovary with 4 short
Styles at its apex. Obviously it is not a Gymnosporia but a Euclea in the family
Ebenaceae, and one that does not appear to have a name; a new name is there-
fore suggested.
238 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol, 8, No, 3
Euclea bakerana Brenan, nom. nov.
Gymnosporia ferruginea Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 247. 1897; non Euclea ferruginea Bernh.
Flora 27: 825. 1844.
Whyte s.n. (Mount Malosa, 1220-1830 m., Nov.-Dec. 1896) and Buchanan 215
(top of Mount Zomba), both at Kew, are also Euclea bakerana. The appearance
of the specimens suggests that it is a suffrutex, although there is no direct evi-
dence on this, beyond **14=2 ft.,’’ written on Buchanan’s label.
Maytenus ee (Loes.) Exell & Mendonga, comb. nov. [A. W.E. & F.
A. M.
Gymnosporia putterlickioides Loes. Bot. Jahrb. 17: 544. 1893; Engl. Pflanzenw. Afr.
37: 228. 1921.
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, in dry brushy forest of elevated river-plain,
shrub 2 m. high, flowers white, 200 m., Oct. 2, 1946, 17907; ibid., occasional in
dry brushy forest of high river-banks, shrub about 2 m. high, = 17907, flowers
white, fruit inflated, immature, 200 m., Oct. 3, 1946, 17925. Kenya, Tanganyika
Territory, Nyasaland, and Angola.
This may be no more than varietally distinct from M. welwitschiana Exell &
Mendonca.
Maytenus senegalensis (Lam) Exell, Bol. Soc. Brot. Il. 26: 223. 15 September
1952; F. W. Andrews, Fl. Pl. A.-E. Sudan 2: 281. October 1952.
Celastrus senegalensis Lam. Encyc. 1: 661. 1784.
Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes. Bot. Jahrb. 17: 541. 1893.
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, in sandy woodlands, shrub 4 m.
high, 180 m., Oct. 6, 1946, 18007. The species is widespread in tropical Africa
and most variable.
Pterocelastrus galpinii Loes. Bot. Jahrb. 41: 308. 1908; Davison, Bothalia 2:
321. 1947.
Gymnosporia nyasica Burtt Davy & Hutch. in Burtt Davy, Man. Fl. Pl. Transvaal 2:
23. 1932.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, south-west ridge, in elfin wood in shelter
of rocks on summit, tree 4 m. high, branches stiff, erect, branches, petioles, and
peduncles red, flowers cream-coloured, 2400 m., June 28, 1946, 16523. Nyasa-
land and the Transvaal.
The type-specimen of Gymnosporia nyasica has undoubtedly the facies of a
Pterocelastrus, and in addition the developing ovaries show clear indications of
numerous processes starting to grow out. The leaves of 16523 are broader than
those on the type-specimen of Pterocelastrus galpinii, but I do not consider the
Nyasaland plant specifically separable.
Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf.
Nachtr. 1: 223. 1897.
Cassine aethiopica Thunb. Fl. Cap. 2: 227. 1818; Davison, Bothalia 2: 330. 1927.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, edges of juniper forest, tree 6 m. tall,
flowers green, fruit fleshy, red, 2250 m., Aug. 11, 1946, 17160. A.-E. Sudan,
southwards through eastern Africa and the Belgian Congo to Angola and South
Africa.
Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. var. pubescens (Oliv.) Brenan, Kew Bull.
1949: 75. 1949.
Mystroxylon burkeanum Sond. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. 1: 470. 1859-1860.
Elaeodendron aethiopicum (Thunb.) Oliv. var. pubescens Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 365.
1868.
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 239
Cassine burkeana (Sond.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 114. 1891; Davison, Bothalia 2:
329. 1927.
Kota-kota District: Chia area, banks of waterholes in dry woodland of lake-
plain, tree 6-8 m. high, flowers green, 480 m., Sept. 3, 1946, 17516. The variety
in the A.-E. Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika Territory, Nyasaland, S. Rho-
desia, Angola, and the Transvaal.
Hippocratea goetzei Loes. Bot. Jahrb. 30: 346. 1901; Engl. Pflanzenw. Afr. 3?:
242. 1921. |
Hippocratea scheffleri Loes. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 115. 1904.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, in primary rain-forest, vine 15 m. high, climb-
ing by sensitive branchlets, flowers green, 1300 m., Sept. 20, 1946, 17684.
Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika Territory, and now new to Nyasaland.
RHAMNACEAE
Ziziphus abyssinica Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 136. 1847; Brenan,
Check-Lists For. Trees & Shrubs Brit. Emp. 5?: 469. 1949.
Kasungu District: Kasungu, in Brachystegia woodlands, tree or shrub 5=6 m.
high, fruits reddish-brown, sweetish, native name (Chinyanja) kankande, 1000 m.,
Aug. 24, 1946, 17413. Widely distributed in tropical Africa.
Rhamous prinoides L’Hérit. Sert. Angl. 6. 1788; pl. 9. 1790.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, frequent in rain-forest fringing streams,
shrub 4~5 m. high, leaves convex, very smooth and shining above, pale and dull
beneath, flowers green, very inconspicuous, fruit reddish, only one seen, 1500 m.,
June 7, 1946, 16308. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, in
fain-forest regrowths, tree 3-4 m. high, leaves stiff, convex, very smooth and
glossy above, flowers’green, fruits red, 1860 m., June 26, 1946, 16439; ibid., west
slopes, common in bushy second-growth forest, tree 3-4 m. high, leaves dark and
glossy above, flowers brown, fruits red (few), 1650 m., July 18, 1946, 16877.
Abyssinia to the Cape, extending westwards to Angola and Bamenda in the
British Cameroons.
Scutia myrtina (Burm. f.) Kurz, Jour. As. Soc. Beng. 44?: 168. 1875; var. oblongi-
folia Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 19 Beibl. 47: 37. 1894.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, in secondary rain-forest, vine 10 m. high,
flowers greenish, 1200 m., Sept. 22, 1946, 17742. The species in eastern Africa
from Uganda southwards to Portuguese East Africa and N. Rhodesia (new to
Nyasaland); also occurring in Madagascar, Mauritius, the Seychelles, India,
Burma, and Siam.
Phylica tropica Bak. Kew Bull. 1898: 302. 1898; Pillans, Jour. S. Afr. Bot. 8: 28.
1942.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, one example amongst
rocks in grassland, shrub 2 m. high, branches erect, purplish, flowers reddish- —
brown, fruit red, more or less fleshy, 2240 m., July 3, 1946, 16652; ibid., common
locally in sheltered grasslands, shrub 2=2.5 m. high, branches few, erect, leaves |
grey beneath, margins revolute, flowers brownish-red, fruit red, 1890 m., July 8,
1946, 16739. Nyasaland and S. Tanganyika Territory.
Gouania longispicata Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 256. 1895; M. L. Green,
Kew Bull. 1916: 198. 1916. |
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, common in rain-forest regrowths, vine up to
10 m. high, fruits immature, 1200 m., Sept. 21, 1946, 17705. Uganda to S. Rho-
desia and Nyasaland, also in the Belgian Congo.
240 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
‘
VITACEAE
Rhoicissus erythrodes (Fresen.) Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 465. 1887;
Gilg & Brandt, Bot. Jahrb. 46: 440. 1911.
Vitis erythrodes Fresen. Mus. Senckenb. 2: 284. 1837.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, frequent on rocky ground in Brachystegia
woodlands, vine 1-2 m. high, 1500 m., June 8, 1946, 16324. Widespread in tropi-
cal Africa, extending to Arabia and South Africa.
SAPINDACEAE”
Allophylus chaunostachys Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. 30: 349. 1901; Radlk. Pflanzenreich
98b (4*°): 524. 1932.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, undergrowth of montane Sei of es-
carpment, tree 6 m. high, flowers green, stamens white, 2100 m. , Aug. 17, 1946,
17293. Recorded also from Kinga Mountains (type) and from Kyinibite Dietsine in
S. Tanganyika, close to the Nyasaland frontier.
Allophylus buchananii Gilg & Radlk. Sitz.-Ber. Bayer. Akad. 38: 219. 1908;
Radlk. Pflanzenreich 98b (4195): 524. 1932.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, undergrowth of riverine rain-forest, tree 3 m.
high, leaves thin, very dark green above, paler below, flowers white, 1400 m.,
May 28, 1946, 16051. Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, frequent in rain-forest
undergrowth, tree 4-6 m. high, fruit red, fleshy, globose, 1300 m., Sept. 24,
1946, 17782. Apparently confined to Nyasaland; specimens from Kenya and Tan-
ganyika have been wrongly named A. buchananii.
Allophylus sp. nr. buchananii Gilg ex Radlk.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common canopy tree in
primary forest, tree up to about 30 m. high, flowers white, fruit immature, 1890
m., July 12, 1946, 16802.
Stature and the coarse, subcoriaceous texture of the leaves distinguish this
species from A. buchananii; the inflorescences are also longer and more robust,
and the twigs more prominently lenticellate than in that species. The specimen
cannot be identified with any material at Kew, but, without seeing types in con-
tinental herbaria, it would be unwise to add another name to the already over-
burdened list of Allophylus species.
Deinbollia xanthocarpa (Klotzsch) Radlk. Sitz.-Ber. Bayer. Akad. 8: 304, 369.
1878; Pflanzenreich 98c (41®5): 676. 1932.
Sapindus xanthocarpus Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 119. 1861.
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, in dry brushy forest of river plain, shrub 1.5
m. high, flowers white, 200 m., Oct. 2, 1946, 17904. Portuguese East Africa and
Nyasaland.
Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 19. 1760; Radlk. Pflanzenreich
98g (41%): 1363. 1933.
Ptelea viscosa L. Sp. Pl. 118. 1753.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, in rain-forest regrowths, not common, tree 6
m. high, 1500 m., June 7, 1946, 16305. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, west
slopes, occasional in second growths of montane forest, tree up to about 8 m.
high, 1850 m., July 18, 1946, 16868. North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, in
edges of montane forest on escarpment, shrub 2-3 m. high, fruits reddish, 2100
m., Aug. 17, 1946, 17276. Tropical and subtropical regions of the whole world.
2°Allophylus by R. D. Meikle, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 241
Mr. Brass’ specimens are referable to the var. vulgaris Benth. f. burmanniana
(DC.) Radlk., as defined by Radlkofer, Pflanzenreich 98g (41*5): 1368 (1933).
MELIANTHACEAE”*
Bersama abyssinica Fresen. Mus. Senckenb. 2: 281. pl. 17. 1837; subsp. abys-
Sinica; Verdcourt, Kew Bull. 1950: 237. 1950.
Bersama holstii Gurke, Bot. Jahrb. 19 Beibl. 47: 36. 1894.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, on river-banks in rain-forest, one example
seen, tree 5 m. high, flowers not seen, fruit purple-red, 1450 m., June 3, 1946,
16173*. Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, on rain-forest borders, tree 10 m.
high, flowers white, 1600 m., Sept. 10, 1946, Anthony 17613. Cholo District:
Cholo Mountain, occasional in rain-forest secondary growths, tree 5-6 m. high,
sparsely branched, leaves up to 50 cm. long, flowers cream-coloured, 1200 m.,
Sept. 25, 1946, 17797.
Verdcourt, Kew Bull. 1950: 239 (1950), has the following notes on the above
specimeus:
(i) Form close to B. holstii Giirke—see Kenya (i). Leaves 7-jugate, sessile,
with petiolules 2-3 mm. long. Flowers small. Calyx brownish with less hair than
other forms. Brass 17797 (Nyasaland).
(ii) Forms rather similar to typical abyssinica but with leaves of very various
sizes. Anthony 17613, Brass 16173 (Nyasaland), There is incomplete material
from Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia which belongs here in all probability.
Bersama abyssinica Fresen. subsp. paullinioides (Planch.) Verdcourt, Kew Bull.
1950: 237. 1950.
Natalia paullinioides Planch. in Hook. Fl. Niger 252. 1849.
Bersama nyassae Bak. f. Jour. Bot. 45: 19. 1907.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, in exposed rocky situations, tree 6-7 m. high,
fruits unripe, seeds red, 1500 m., June 2, 1946, 16163.
B. zombensis Dunkley is said to be a very large timber tree, it has leaflets
with golden hairs, but is very close to the above and may be a growth stage of it.
Bersama sp.
Leaves and inflorescences too young.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, frequent in brushy forest, tree or shrub
2-4 m. high, young leaves bronze-green, buds only, fruit strongly ridged, brown,
pubescent, seeds red, 1400 m., July 30, 1946, 17032.
ANACARDIACEAE”
Rhus longipes Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 431. 1883; Hiern, Cat. Welw. Afr.
Pl. 1: 192. 1896. Engl. Pflanzenw. Afr. 3?: 212. 1921,
[Rhus villosa (non L.f.) Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 439. 1868, pro parte; et auct. mule, |
Rhus huillensis Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 24: 501. 1898, pro parte; Exell, Jour. Bot. 66
suppl. 1: 92. 1928, pro parte.
Rhus ruzizensis Engl. Pflanzenw. Afr. 37: 211. 1921.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common in edges of juniper forest, tree
or shrub to G m. high, flowers green, fruit immature, red, 2350 m., Aug. 11, 1946,
17178. Widely spread through tropical Africa from Angola and S. Rhodesia to
Kenya, though apparently absent from Abyssinia, Sudan, and N. W.- tropical area.
21Determinations all by Mr. B. Verdcourt, East African Agricultural and Forestry Re-
search Organisation, Nairobi, Kenya.
22Rhus, Heeria by R. D. Meikle, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
242 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
Rhus longipes Engl. var. grandifolia (Oliv.) Meikle, comb. nov.
Rhus villosa L. f. var. grandifolia Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 439. 1868; Engl. in DC.
Monogr. Phan. 4: 425. 1883; Pflanzenw. Afr. 3?: 209. 1921.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, common amongst rocks in Brachystegia
woodland, shrub 3-5 m. high, weak, subscandent habit, flowers greenish, fruit red
(immature), 1400 m., July 24, 1946, 16888. Distribution seems to be more or less
the same as that of typical R. longipes.
This species has been confounded and obscured in a most remarkable manner.
True Rhus villosa L.f. (R. incana Mill.) from S. Africa is quite distinct, with
a different habit and indumentum, and with thick, coriaceous, blunt, obovate or
spathulate leaflets. Moreover, so far as tropical African material is concerned,
it can be shown that the epithet villosa (or incana) has been applied indis-
criminately to several perfectly distinct species. Engler (in DC. Monogr. Phan.
4: 431. 1883) first correctly identified our plant as a distinct species, under
the name Rhus longipes, but he seems to have overlooked the importance of
the distinction by continuing to cite tropical African specimens, conspecific
with his R. longipes, under the epithet villosa, Furthermore (Bot. Jahrb. 24: 501.
1898) he adds to the confusion by publishing a new name, R. huillensis, and re-
ferring to it two Welwitsch specimens, one of which (Welwitsch 4412) is identical
with R. longipes, the other (Welwitsch 4415) is quite a different species. This
unfortunate error has been repeated in the Gossweiler Catalogue (Jour. Bot.
66 suppl. 1: 92. 1928). Engler may have realized his mistake, for later (Pflanzenw.
Afr. 37: 1921) he appears to restrict the epithet huillensis to the small-leaved
species represented by Welwitsch 4415 (a variety of R. quartiniana A. Rich.),
though he continues to apply the epithet villosa to tropical African material.
R, ruzizensis Engl. is, I think, identical with R. longipes Engl., and the
name should be rejected as a later synonym.
The name Rhus inamoena Standl. has crept into several check-lists of African
trees and shrubs, but I have not been able to trace any description and suspect
that it is merely a manuscript name copied from an herbarium label; many of the
specimens so named are referable to R. longipes.
R. longipes Engl. is undoubtedly a very variable species, though it is likely
that many of the variants will prove to be states or growth-phases rather than
varieties in the proper taxonomic sense; var. grandifolia with its large, broad
leaflets and softly villose shoots is, however, fairly readily distinguished from
the type, though it must be admitted that intermediates do occur and that the
villosity of the stems is a great deal more obvious in young flowering specimens
than in mature fruiting material.
Rhus nfonticola Meikle, sp. nov.
R. chirindensi Bak. f. affinis, sed statura humiliore, ramis mox glabrescenti-
bus, foliolis eleganter reticulato-venulosis valde differt.
Frutex parvus circiter 1 m. altus; rami flexuosi, juventute pilis albis ca-
ducis dense obtecti, mox glabrescentes, leviter lenticellati, cortice brunneo-
rufescenti. Petioli validi usque 6 cm. longi, parce pilosi, supra valde applanati
vel leviter canaliculati. Foliolum terminale obovatum vel ellipticum, usque 8 cm.
longum et 3.5 cm. latum, ad basin in petiolulum + alatum usque 8 mm. longum
sensim coarctatum, ad apicem in cuspidem acutam usque 8 mm. longam attenua-
tum; lamina siccitate brunnea vel olivacea, margine arte recurvata, integerrima;
costa utrinque prominens, nervi laterales 12-20, prominentes, adscendentes, ad
marginem conjuncti, venae et venulae eleganter reticulatae; foliola lateralia simi-
lia, breviora, usque 7 cm. longa et 2.8 cm. lata. Inflorescentia terminalis, albo-
pilosa, multiramulosa, usque 10 cm. longa. Flos S$ virescens, glaber, breviter
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 243
pedicellatus, usque 3.5 mm. diametro; sepala ovata, obtusa, circiter 1 mm. longa
et 0.8 mm. lata; petala ovata, obtusa, obscure nervosa, usque 1.5 mm. longa et
1.0 mm. lata; discus valde crenatus, usque 1.2 mm. diametro; stamina 5, fila-
mentis glabris usque 1 mm. longis; antherae albidae, 0.8 mm. longae et 0.5 mm.
latae. Flos Qet fructus non visi.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, 2700 m., March, 1897, Adamson 351; Lu-
chenya Plateau, rocky situations in grassland, shrub about 1 m. high, flowers
greenish, 2000 m., July 3, 1946, 16656 (TYPUS in Herb. Kew.).
The sharply cuspidate, petiolulate leaflets place this species near R. chirin-
densis Bak. f. and R. legati Schonl., but these are both large shrubs or small
trees, with leaflets lacking the elegant reticulate venation which is such an ob-
vious feature in dried material of R. monticola. The species would appear to be
endemic to Mlanje Mountain.
Rhus amerina Meikle, sp. nov.
R. lanceae L. f. affinis, sed foliolis latioribus, leviter nervosis nec promi-
nenter reticulatis, fructibus valde compressis brunneis vel ferrugineis differt.
Arbor parva usque 4-6 m. alta; rami graciles, juventute glaberrimi vel minute
pubescentes, mox glabrescentes, cortice brunneo vel brunneo-rufescente, maturi-
tate cinereo, prominenter lenticellato. Petioli tenues, subteretes vel supra le-
viter applanati, vix canaliculati, glabri, usque 5 cm. longi. Foliolum terminale
glaberrimum, rigide chartaceum, lineari-lanceolatum vel lanceolatum, usque 9.5
cm. longum et 3 cm. latum, ad basin sensim angustatum, longe acuminatum, ad
apicem mucronatum vel muticum; lamina siccitate brunnea vel cinerea, margine
integra vel irregulariter undulato-crenata; costa utrinque prominens, nervi latera-
-les circiter 20-30 adscendentes nec impressi nec valde prominentes; foliola la-
teralia similia, breviora, usque 7.5 cm. longa et 1.8 cm. lata. Inflorescentiae
axillares et terminales, laxae, multiramulosae, glabrae vel parce puberulae,
usque 12 cm. longae. Flos 9 circiter 2.5 mm. diametro, glaber, albus; sepala
ovata, obtusa, usque 0.8 mm. longa et 0.5 mm. lata; petala ovata, obtusa, ob-
scure nervosa, usque 1 mm. longa et 0.6 mm. lata; discus crenulatus, glaber,
circiter 1 mm. diametro; ovarium compressum, usque 1 mm. latum, glabrum vel
minute puberulum; stamina rudimentaria 5, vix 0.5 mm. longa. Flos ¢ circiter 2
mm. diametro, glaber, albus; sepala minuta, usque 0.5 mm. longa, obtusa; petala
anguste ovata, obtusa, usque 1 mm. longa et 0.5 mm. lata; stamina 5, filamentis
glabris usque 0.5 mm. longis; antherae 0.2 mm. longae et 0.3 mm. latae; discus
glaber, crenulatus, circiter 0.3 mm. Jatus. Fructus reniformis, circiter 5 mm.
latus et 4 mm. longus, valde compressus, laevis, nitidus, brunneus vel
ferrugineus.
NYASALAND: Kasungu District: Kasungu Hill, frequent on rocky slopes, tree 4-6 m.
high, fruit reddish-brown, 1100 m., Aug. 28, 1946, 17451.
S. RHODESIA: Matopo District: Matopos, Sept. 10, 1905, Burtt-Davy 1352; ibid.,
August, 1930, Hutchinson 4140 (TYPUS in Herb. Kew.); ibid., bushy tree, 1500 m., Sept.
4, 1947, Wild 1988 (Gov. Herb. Salisbury 17224). Umtali District: Odzani River Valley,
1915, Teague 414. Salisbury District: Salisbury, loosely spreading tree, flower white,
April 15, 1922, Eyles 3406; ibid., March 30, 1929, Eyles 6323. Insiza District: Filabusi, -
Patrick’s Dam, small tree, 1200 m., Feb., 1949, Davies D 253 (Gov. Herb. Salisbury
23250).
Sree ai seit PROTECTORATE: Lobatsi, Government farm, 1300 m., August,
1940, Miller B1204.
TRANSVAAL: Waterberg District: Naboomfontein, 1430 m., Jan. 23, 1894, Schlechter
4305. Rustenburg District: Rustenburg, small tree, 2 m. high, flower green, seeds eaten
by Kaffirs when ripe, Feb. 13, 1904, Nation 167; Magata’s Nek near Rustenburg, Feb. 6,
1929, Hutchinson 2917. Pretoria District: Pretoria, Wonderboom Farm, 1350 -m., Aug. 6,
1904, Burtt-Davy 2281. Pietersburg District: Matok, Aug. 24, 1930, Hutchinson & Gillett
244 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol.*8, No. 3
4473; ? without locality, Mar. 20, 1906, Grenfell 14, 16. Barberton District: Avoca near
Barberton, 500 m., July, 1931, Thorncroft 3060. Wolmaransstad District: Makwassie
Spruit near Wolmaransstad, c. 1700 m., Mar. 3, 1935, Liebenberg 3410.
CAPE PROVINCE: Vryberg District: Vryberg, 1220 m., April 11, 1921, Mogg 8917.
I am satisfied that the Transvaal specimens cited by Engler, Schonland and
other authors under the name R. gueizzii Sond. are specifically distinct from type-
material of that species (Port Natal, Gueinzius s.n. in Herb. Kew.). Schénland
(Bothalia 3: 79. 1930) has evidently confused a Gerrard specimen with the Guein-
zius type, for he refers to the latter as Gueinzius 1395, whereas the type is sine
numero, he also comments: ‘‘Drupe in type subglobose, verrucose...,’’ but the
type of R. gueinzii consists solely of three male flowering shoots. Gerrard 1395
is probably intended: this is a fruiting specimen intermediate in character be-
tween R. gueinzii and R. crispa (Engl.) Harv. ex. Schonl. I very much doubt if R.
crispa can be distinguished from R. gueinzti, even as a variety. The undulation
of the leaf-margin is a variable character, and is present to a greater or lesser
degree in both species. True R. gueinzii Sond. differs from R. amerina in having
the young twigs white or pale-grey, not brown or reddish; the leaflets are obtuse
at the apex, and turn black or blackish on drying. The fruits of R. gueinzii are
subglobose and + verrucose, those of R. amerina are strongly compressed and
glossy. é;
I have not seen specimens of R. gueinzii Sond. var. brevifoliolata Burtt-Davy
(Kew Bull. 1921: 51. 1921); from the description, the variety would appear to be
allied to R. amerina rather than to true R. gueinzit.
Heeria reticulata (Bak. f.) Engl. Pflanzenw. Afr. 37: 197. 1921.
Heeria insignis (Del.) Kuntze var. reticulata Bak. f. Jour. Bot. 37: 428. 1899.
Kasungu District: Kasungu Hill, occasional on rocky slopes, tree about 8 m.
high, sap milky, fruit black, 1100 m., Aug. 28, 1946, 17453. Recorded from Portu-
guese East Africa, Nyasaland, N. and S. Rhodesia, Tanganyika, and (doubtfully)
Kenya. -
The proper status of Heeria reticulata is not easily decided. Extreme forms
with very prominent tertiary venation and dense woolly indumentum are distinct
enough, but as one travels north of the Rhodesias the differences between this
species and H. insignis (Del.) Kuntze are less apparent, and some of the Kenya
specimens might be referred with equal justification to either species. For the
present, I am content to follow Engler, and treat H. reticulata as a species; it is
clear that this particular problem is one which can be solved only with the co-
operation of the field-worker.
Sorindeia madagascariensis Thou. ex DC. Prodr. 2: 80; Perrier de la Bathie in
Humbert, Fl. Madag. 114: 26. 1946.
Cholo District: Nswadzi River, in riverine rain-forest, tree 10 m. high, pani-
cles numerous, pendent, on branchlets below the terminal cluster of leaves,
flowers orange-coloured, 840 m., Sept. 29, 1946, 17864. Kenya to Nyasaland and
Portuguese East Africa, also in Madagascar and the Mascarenes.
I cannot see that S. obtusifoliolata Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 244 (1895)
differs specifically from $. madagascariensis. In Pflanzenw. Afr. 3?: 190 (1921),
Engler keys out S. obtusifoliolata by its oblong-obovate scarcely pointed leaf-
lets, but I find the shape very variable indeed both in Madagascar and in the
plants from continental Africa.
Lannea edulis (Sond.) Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. Nachtr. 1: 213.
1897.
Odina edulis Sond. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. 1: 503. 1860.
i
1953] . PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 245
Kasungu District: Kasungu, in Brachystegia woodlands, shrub 10-25 cm.
high, several short stout leafless stems erect from a large stock, surrounded by
last season’s leaves lying on the ground, petals yellow, calyx red, fruit im-
mature; 1000 m., Aug. 25, 1946, 17421. Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika Territory,
Portuguese East Africa, N. and S. Rhodesia, and the Transvaal; no specimens
from Nyasaland up till now in Herb. Kew., but recorded in Check-Lists For. Trees
& Shrubs Brit. Emp. 2: 29. 1936.
LEGUMINOSAE
Lotononis laxa Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. Pl. Afr. Austr. 177 (1836) var. multiflora
Dimmer, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. 3: 315. 1913.
Kota-kota District: Chenga Hill, common in open low Brachystegia woodland,
perennial herb, grey-pubescent, rootstock woody, thick, young shoots flowering
after burning of the grass, flowers yellow, later red, 1600 m., Sept. 9, 1946, 17589.
Both the typical plant and the variety, which is only doubtfully worth distin-
guishing, were at first known only from South Africa. There are at Kew several
gatherings of the typical plant made since 1914 in Kenya and Tanganyika Terri-
tory, and of the variety from Tanganyika Territory and Karamoja in Uganda. I be-
lieve it to be native and not an introduction in these places. Mr. Brass’ Nyasaland
record, which is the first from that country, stands geographically between Tang-
anyika and the South African area.
Crotalaria glauca Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 974. 1803; Bak. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 42:
259. 1914; Leg. Trop. Afr. 25. 1926; Verdoorn, Bothalia 2: 415. 1928.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, in Brachystegia woodlands, one plant seen,
annual herb 60 cm. high, flowers green, fruit inflated, 1430 m. May 30, 1946,
16091*; one example in Brachystegia woodlands, herb, stem and pods glaucous,
flower not seen, 1500 m., June 7, 1946, 16319*. Widely distributed in tropical
Africa.
Crotalaria anthyllopsis Welw. ex Bak. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 15. 1871; Bak. f.
Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 42: 263. 1914; Leg. Trop. Afr. 26. 1926; Verdoorn,
Bothalia 2: 414. 1928.
Blantyre District: Blantyre, in Brachystegia woodlands, herb 10-30 cm. high,
with compact bushy habit, leaves greyish beneath, 1100 m., June 17, 1946, 16338.
Abyssinia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika Territory, Nyasaland, N. and S. Rhodesia,
and Angola, also on the Bauchi Plateau in northern Nigeria and (fide Bak. f.) in
the Congo.
Crotalaria cephalotes Steud. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 156. 1847; Bak. f.
Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 42: 276. 1914; Leg. Trop. Afr. 28. 1926; Verdoorn,
Bothalia 2: 384. 1928.
Blantyre District: Blantyre, in Brachystegia woodlands, herb 15cm. high,
standard brownish, wings and keel yellow, 1000 m., May 24, 1946, Vernay 16025*.
Widely distributed in tropical Africa.
Crotalaria nyikensis Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 250. 1897; Bak. f. Jour. Linn. Soc.
Bot. 42: 280. 1914; Leg. Trop. Afr. 29. 1926; Verdoorn, Bothalia 2: 402.
1928.
Crotalaria kyimbilae Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 54: 380. 1917; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 29. 1926.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, amongst rocks in Brachystegia woodland,
herb 70 cm. high, flowers yellow, 1400 m., July 24, 1946, 16895*. Southwestern
Tanganyika Territory and Nyasaland (where previously known only from the Nyika
Plateau).
246 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
%
Crotalaria aculeata De Wild. Ann. Mus. Congo Bot. IV. 185. pl. 46, f. 18-28. 1903;
Verdoorn, Bothalia 2: 413. 1928.
Crotalaria spinosa [non Hochst. ex Benth.| Benth. Lond. Jour. Bot. 2: 576. 1843, pro
parte, quoad spec. Kotschy 552.
Crotalaria spinosa Hochst. ex Benth. var. pubescens Benth. Lond. Jour. Bot. 2: 576.
1843.
Ononis ras Boj. ex Benth. Lond. Jour. Bot. 2: 576. 1843, pro syn.
Crotalaria spinosa Hochst. ex Benth. subsp. aculeata (De Wild.) Bak. f. Jour. Linn.
Soc. Bot. 42: 312. 1914; Leg. Trop. Afr. 37. 1926.
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, scattered on sandy beaches, herb 60
cm. high, flowers yellow, pods inflated, 180 m., Oct. 6, 1946, 18020. Anglo-Egyp-
tian Sudan, Belgian Congo, Uganda, Tanganyika Territory, Nyasaland, N. Rhode-
sia, Angola, and Madagascar.
This is a member of a taxonomically most difficult complex. According to E.
G. Baker’s view C. aculeata is a subspecies of C. spinosa Hochst. (ex Benth.
Lond. Jour. Bot. 2: 576. 1843); with this I disagree, since I am quite unable to
find those intermediates that, according to Baker (Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 42: 312.
1914), connect the two. Baker was perhaps influenced by the fact that Bentham
(l.c.) cited two specimens under C. spinosa—Schimper 150, which is the type-
number, and Kotschy 552, which is certainly C. aculeata De Wild.
True C. spinosa is distinguished from all forms of C. aculeata, firstly by its
very small flowers 4-6 mm. long—the distance from the bend in the keel to the
tip is only 4-4.5 mm.; and secondly by the small pods 6.5-8(-9) mm. long and
3.5-5 mm. in diameter. The calyx is only 2.5-4 mm. long with lobes 1.5-2 mm. long.
In a single specimen only, Rounce 52 (Tanganyika Territory, Kasulu), lacking
ripe pods, the length from the bend in the keel to the tip is up to 6 mm. long, but
even this is less than the shortest-flowered C. aculeata.
True C. spinosa is found in Socotra, Eritrea, Abyssinia, Uganda, Kenya, and
Tanganyika Territory with an isolated occurrence in Angola (Welwitsch 1908, in
Herb. Kew), and on the whole seems a constant and distinct plant. It appears to
be absent from Madagascar, but occurs in Socotra. -
With C. aculeata the story is very different. It is easily separable from C.
spinosa by its much larger flowers and pods. The corolla is 9-10 or occasionally
up to 20 mm. long, and the distance from the bend in the keel to its tip is 8-10
(-15) mm. The pods vary between 9 and 30 mm. in length, and 5 and 15 mm. in
width.
The commonest and smaller-flowered forms of C. aculeata have corollas about
9-10 mm. long, and the length of the keel from bend to tip 8-10 mm.; the calyx is
4.5-5 mm. long with lobes 1.5-2.5 mm. long. Flowers of this size can produce
pods ranging from 9-21 mm. in length and 5-9 mm. in width. C. claessensii De
Wild. (Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 3: 271. 1911; Ann. Mus. Congo Bot. V. 3: 410. 1912)
seems to me only a form with pods near the upper limit of size.
The common small-flowered forms of C. aculeata range from the Anglo-Egyp-
tian Sudan southwards to Angola. In the southern part of this area, particularly N.
Rhodesia and the southern Congo, forms with larger corollas occur. These are in-
constant and most perplexing. Mrs. Macaulay 627, from Mumbwa in N. Rhodesia
is an extreme with flowers up to 20 mm. long, and the keel 14-15 mm. from bend
to tip; the pod reaches about 30 mm. in length and about 10 mm. in breadth. This
plant is the type of C. spinosa var. macrocarpa Bak. f. The description of C.
kapiriénsis De Wild. (Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 5:23. 1915) reads so similarly that I
feel it must be the same thing. But these are extremes. In J. D. Martin 610 from N.
Rhodesia the pods are only 20-25 mm. long, and specimens such as Quarré 3161,
Milne-Redhead 730, and Kassner 2713 show gradual reduction in flower-size to
that of normal C. aculeata.
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 247
I cannot help suspecting that C. kapiriénsis may be a distinct species freely
coossing with C. aculeata; at any rate it must be a very marked geographical vari-
ant. At present, however, I feel that the correct course is to follow Verdoorn and
to include them under C. aculeata interpreted in a wide sense. I should add that I
can find nothing but size—nothing qualitative in fact—to separate them.
Crotalaria laburnifolia L. Sp. Pl. 715. 1753; Bak. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 42: 318.
1914; Leg. Trop. Afr. 38. 1926; Verdoorn, Bothalia 2: 390. 1928.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, one example in rain-forest second-growth,
herb 2 m. high, leaves thin, dull above, greyish beneath, flowers with keel red-
dish-brown, wings yellow, and standard yellow inside, brownish outside, fruit
blackish-brown, 1500 m., June 7, 1946, 16306. East Africa, from the Anglo-Egyp-
tian Sudan southwards to the Transvaal; also in tropical Asia.
Brass 16306 has the leaflets rather larger and more acute than usual.
Crotalaria lachnocarpoides Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. (Abh. Preuss. Akad.
Berl. 1891:) 246. 1892; Bak. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 42: 323. 1914; Leg.
Trop. Afr. 39. 1926.
Crotalaria valida Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 253. 1897.
Crotalaria lachnocarpoides Engl. subsp. valida (Bak.) Bak. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot.
42: 323. 1914.
Crotalaria lachnocarpoides Engl. var. valida (Bak.) Verdoorn, Bothalia 2: 395. 1928.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, one plant on an open riverbank, woody herb
90 cm. high, erect, with many branches forming a terminal crown, flowers not
seen, 1500 m., June 7, 1946, 16311. Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan,
southwards to Nyasaland and S. Rhodesia.
_ I cannot maintain Crotalaria valida as even varietally distinct from C. lach-
nocarpoides.
Crotalaria caespitosa Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 252. 1897; Bak. f. Jour. Linn. Soc.
Bot. 42: 335. 1914; Leg. Trop. Afr. 41. 1926; Verdoorn, Bothalia 2: 412.
1928. :
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, confined to hard bare soil in Brachystegia
wood, perennial herb, stems springing from a thick woody taproot, calyx and lower
surface of standard red, 1400 m., Aug. 5, 1946, 17138. Confined to Nyasaland.
Crotalaria virgulata Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 56. 1862; Bak. f.
Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 42: 337. 1914; Leg. Trop. Afr. 42. 1926; Verdoorn,
Bothalia 2: 410. 1928.
Blantyre District: Blantyre, in old gardens, herb up to 1m. high, greyish,
flowers yellow and brown, 1100 m., June 18, 1946, 16363. Portuguese East Africa,
Nyasaland, S. Rhodesia, Bechuanaland, and the Transvaal.
It seems barely possible to keep Crotalaria forbesii Bak. (in Oliv. Fl. Trop.
Afr. 2: 18. 1871) and C. longistyla Bak. f. (Jour. Bot. 58: 75. 1920) distinct from
C. virgulata.
Crotalaria mucronata Desv. Jour. Bot. Desv. II. 3: 76. 1814; Senn, Rhodora 41:
355. 1939.
Crotalaria striata DC. Prodr. 2: 131. 1825; Bak. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 42: 345. 1914;
Leg. Trop. Afr. 43. 1926; Verdoorn, Bothalia 2: 399. 1928.
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, one example on a sandy beach, herb
1 m. high, flowers yellow, pods inflated, 180 m., Oct. 6, 1946, 18021. Widely dis-
tributed in the tropics.
Crotalaria cleomifolia Welw. ex Bak. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 43. 1871. Bake.
Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 42: 350. 1914; Leg. Trop. Afr. 45. 1926; Verdoorn,
Bothalia 2: 398. 1928.
248 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol, 8, No. 3
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, on bank of a stream in rain-forest, shrub 3 m.
high, showy, much branched, leaves grey beneath, flowers yellow, the keel
streaked with red, 1500 m., June 7, 1946, 16291. Widespread in tropical Africa.
Crotalaria chirindae Bak. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 42: 377. 1914; Leg. Trop. Afr.
51. 1926; Verdoorn, Bothalia 2: 399. 1928.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, occasional on roadside in Brachystegia wood-
lands, herb 1=1.5 m. high, fruit inflated, 1500 m., June 5, 1946, 16242. Portuguese
East Africa, Nyasaland, and S. Rhodesia.
Crotalaria argyrolobioides Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 249. 1897; Bak. f. Jour. Linn.
Soc. Bot. 42: 384. 1914; Leg. Trop. Afr. 52. 1926; Verdoorn, Bothalia 2:
401. 1928.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, frequent in Brachystegia woodlands, herb
about 1 m. high, leaves greyish beneath, flowers yellow, fruit inflated, 1500 m.,
June 4, 1946, 16226. Confined to Nyasaland.
Crotalaria rhodesiae Bak. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 42: 401. 1914; Leg. Trop. Afr.
56. 1926; Verdoorn, Bothalia 2: 381. 1928.
Dedza District: Dedza, occasional in Brachystegia woodland, perennial, sub-
prostrate herb, leaves reddish, young shoots flowering after the burning of the
grass, flowers yellow, lower surface of standard orange, 1500 m., Sept. 13, 1946,
17636. Nyasaland and N. and S. Rhodesia.
Crotalaria natalitia Meisn. Lond. Jour. Bot. 2: 67. 1843; Bak. f. Jour. Linn. Soc.
Bot. 42: 410. 1914; Leg. Trop. Afr. 58. 1926; Verdoorn, Bothalia 2: 381.
1928.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, frequent on grassy roadsides, herb 1=-1.5 m.
high, leaves grey beneath, flowers brownish-yellow, fruit much inflated, 1450 m.,
June 5, 1946, 16257. Eastern Africa from the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Imatong
Mountains) southwards to South Africa.
Crotalaria goetzei Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 28: 399. 1900; Bak. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot.
42: 411. 1914; Leg. Trop. Afr. 59. 1926.
Crotalaria rotundicarinata Bak. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 42: 396. 1914; Leg. Trop. Afr.
55. 1926; Verdoorn, Bothalia 2: 396. 1928.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, grassy edges of forest patches, shrub about
1 m. high, profusely branched, leaves greyish beneath, flowers yellow, ripe fruit
blackish, much inflated, 1820 m., May 31, 1946, 16135. Mlanje District: Mlanje
Mountain; Likubula-Tuchila Divide, frequent in forest second-growths along path-
ways, shrub 2m. high, flowers yellow, 2000 m., July 9, 1946, 16753; Luchenya
Plateau, occasional in forest second-growths and in neighboring grassland, shrub
2-2.5m. high, flowers yellow, fruit blackish, 1890m., July 14, 1946, 16837.
Southwest Tanganyika Territory and Nyasaland.
I find gradations between the foliaceous stipules of Crotalaria goetzei and the
linear ones of C. rotundicarinata, the various gradations sometimes even on the
same plant; I am thus unable to maintain the two as distinct species.
Crotalaria sp.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, occasional in Brachystegia woodland,
herb 30-50 cm. high, flowers yellow, 1400 m., July 27, 1946, 16989.
This appears near Crotalaria nicholsonii Bal. f. (Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 42: 346.
1914), but is much dwarfer, with shorter inflorescences and short spreading pubes-
cence on inflorescence-axes, pedicels, and calyces. A specimen at Kew appears
to be the same (Whyte s.n., Nyika Plateau, 1830-2130 m., July 1896). In absence
of further specimens and the pods I do not feel it practicable to determine this
plant further.
1953] | PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 249
Crotalaria sp.
Dedza District: Dedza, frequent in Brachystegia woodland, perennial herb up
to 50 cm. high, young shoots flowering after burning of the grass, flowers yellow,
standard streaked with purple, 1500 m., Sept. 13, 1946, 17625.
This is probably related to Crotalaria chrysochlora Bak. f. ex Harms (Wiss.
Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr.-Exp. 2: 244. 1911), but with straighter stems, longer
peduncles, and larger flowers. More material is wanted, with pods.
Argyrolobium shirense Taub. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 207. 1895; Bak. f.
Leg. Trop. Afr. 68. 1926.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, in Brachystegia woodlands, herb 1 m. high,
flowers yellow, showy, fruit immature, 1500 m., June 5, 1946, 16267. Cholo Dis-
trict: Cholo Mountain, frequent in rain-forest regrowths, subshrub 1 m. high, flow-
ers yellow, 1200m., Sept. 28, 1946, 17858. Tanganyika Territory, Portuguese
East Africa, Nyasaland, and S. Rhodesia.
Adenocarpus mannii (Hook f.) Hook f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 7: 189. 1864; Bak. f.
Leg. Trop. Afr. 69. 1926.
Cytisus mannii Hook f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 6: 8. 1862.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, occasional in brushy for-
est-regrowths, shrub 3m. high, flowers yellow, dry empty pods persistent from
last season’s flowering, 1900 m., June 28, 1946, 16510. North Nyasa District:
Nyika Plateau, occasional in second-growth forest, shrub 2 m. high, flowers yel-
low, 2440 m., Aug. 11, 1946, 17165. Mountains of eastern Africa from the Anglo-
Egyptian Sudan (Imatong Mountains) southwards to Nyasaland; also in the British
Cameroons and on Fernando Po.
' Parochetus communis Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 240. 1825.
Parochetus major Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 241. 1825; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr.
70. 1926.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, creeping and matted in grass on edge of rain-
forest, herb 15 cm. high, flowers blue, 1500 m., June 4, 1946, Anthony 16223. In
the mountains of eastern Africa, with altitudinal range 1500-3350 m.; in the Bel-
gian Congo, Abyssinia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika Territory, Portuguese East
Africa, and Nyasaland; also extending through Asia, from India, Ceylon, Burma,
Siam, and Java to China.
Lotus discolor E. Mey. Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 1: 92. 1836; Brand, Bot. Jahrb. 25:
213. 1898; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 88. 1926.
Lotus tigrensis Bak. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 61. 1868; Brand, Bot. Jahrb. 25: 213.
1898; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 88. 1926.
Lotus namulensis Brand, Bot. Jahrb. 25: 213. 1898; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 87. 1926.
Lotus brandianus Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 28: 401. 1900; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 87. 1926.
Crotalaria minor C. H. Wright, Kew Bull. 1901: 121. 1901.
Lotus minor (C. H. Wright) Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 89. 1926.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, grassy edges of rain-forest, herb 60-80 cm.
high, of weak ascending habit, flowers pale yellow, standard red-purple streaked
with purple, 1820 m., May 31, 1946, 16136. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, west
slope, in open grassland, herb about 40 cm. high, branches spreading and ascend-
ing, flowers white, 1830 m., June 21, 1946, 16400; Luchenya Plateau, frequent in
gtasslands, perennial herb prostrate and ascending, branches red, petals white
streaked with red, 2100 m., July 3, 1946, 16647; common in grasslands, perennial
herb, prostrate or ascending, flowers white striped with red, 2100-2200 m., July
11,1946, 16791. British Cameroons (Bamenda, Johnston ].205/31! in Herb. Kew.),
Belgian Congo, Abyssinia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika Territory, Nyasaland, S.
Rhodesia, and South Africa.
250 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
I feel that the only reasonable course is to sink several species under Lotus
discolor. The ‘‘guttation’’ on the lower surface of the leaflets relied on by Brand
to distinguish L. discolor and L. namulensis from L. tigrensis is due merely to a
patchy development of pigment showing in the epidermis. While this is strongly
developed in most South African specimens, in others it is absent or nearly so
(Hutchinson 4711, Macowan & Bolus 1261, Galpin 11471, 12050); and though ab-
sent from the type of L. tigrensis, is well shown on Dr. Hugh. Scott s.n. (Abys-
sinia, Mount Chillalo, Nov. 1926), which is obviously conspecific. In any event
such a character is alone not a specific one in my opinion. Specimens from Mlanje
Mountain—the type of Lotus minor is one—have very heavy pigmentation, while
Brass 16136 from Zomba represents the other extreme with little or no purple pig-
ment and rather more pubescence. The length of the calyx-lobes varies considera-
bly, but does not seem correlated with other characters.
Lotus sp. nr. oehleri Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. 10: 79. 1927.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common locally in open grasslands, per-
ennial herb 30-50 cm. high, erect or suberect from a horizontal stock, flowers
cream streaked with red, 2340 m., Aug. 14, 1946, 17217.
This is the same as McClounie 138 (Nyasaland) and St. Clair Thompson 804
(southwestern Tanganyika Territory), both in Herb. Kew. These are very near Lo-
tus oehlerit, which is found in Tanganyika Territory and Kenya, and perhaps not
specifically distinct, but pods are required for any certainty.
Indigofera ? trachyphylla** Benth. ex Oliv. Hook. Ic. Pl. pl. 1354. 1881; Bak. f.
Leg. Trop. Afr. 103. 1926.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, marshy ground in Brachystegia woodland,
plant somewhat viscid, herb 50-70 cm. high, 1400 m., July 27, 1946, 16978.
The only pods of Indigofera trachyphylla that I have seen are on Buchanan 45,
and these are only up to 7 mm. long and 1.5 mm. in diameter. Brass 16978 has
pods up to 9 mm. long and 2=3 mm. in diameter; the greater thickness is particu-
larly noticeable. The material is insufficient to tell whether Brass 16978 is a dis-
tinct species, or whether the pods of Buchanan 45 are immature.
I. trachyphylla has hitherto been known only from Nyasaland and N. Rhodesia.
Indigofera lyallii Bak. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 20: 128. 1883; Bak. f. Leg. Trop.
Afr. 161. 1926.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common in secondary
growths, tree or shrub up to 6m. high and 15 cm. in diameter at breast-height,
fruit only, 1900 m., July 7, 1946, 16705. Nyasaland, S. Rhodesia, and Madagascar.
Indigofera fulvopilosa Brenan, sp. nov.
Indigofera pilosa Poir. var. multiflora Bak. f. Jour. Bot. 41: 243. 1903; Leg. Trop. Afr.
120. 1926.
Blantyre District: Blantyre, in Brachystegia woodlands, herb about 50cm.
high, soft brownish-pubescent, ascending, flowers brownish-red, 1100 m., June
18, 1946, 16360. Sierra Leone (Deighton 4870), Nigeria (Bauchi Plateau, J. Dent
Young 50, Lely P. 571, P. 687), Belgian Congo (Ghesquiere 4346), Uganda (Dimmer
426, Hazel 258, 677, Chandler 1544, 1836), Tanganyika Territory (Stolz 231,
Rounce 6, Davies D. 278, D. 589, Geilinger 1806, Stenhouse 7, Emson 404), and
Nyasaland (for specimens see Bak. f. l.c. 1903).
The characters given by Baker for his variety are so constant, corre lated and
well-marked that I am convinced that it should be considered as specifically dis-
231 am most grateful to Dr. A. Cronquist for giving me his help and his opinions on my
identifications in this and the following genera.
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASAL AND vip |
tinct from I. pilosa. Mr. R. W. J. Keay, who has seen both plants living in Nigeria,
tells me that he had considered them distinct.
True I. pilosa Poir. (in Lam. Encyc. Suppl. 3: 151. 1813) was described as
having subsolitary flowers and the calyces bristly with white hairs, and has clearly
been correctly interpreted by Baker. I. guineénsis Schumach. & Thonn., given by
Baker as a synonym, is described as being prostrate, with normally 3-flowered
racemes, and thus cannot be I. fulvopilosa. True I. pilosa occurs in the Came-
roons, Nigeria, Gold Coast (fide Schumacher & Thonning), Senegambia (fide Baker
f.), French Sudan (fide Baker f.), Eritrea (Pappt 355), and the Anglo-Egyptian
Sudan (Pfund 44, Broun 1353), with var. angolensis Bak. f., which is clearly re-
lated to I. pilosa rather than |. fulvopilosa, in Angola. I feel that the statement by
Bak. f. (Leg. Trop. Afr. 120. 1926) that true I. pilosa occurs in Uganda and Tan-
ganyika Territory requires confirmation.
The two species have different geographical ranges, although meeting in west
Africa.
Indigofera viscosa Lam. Encyc. 3: 247. 1789; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 123. 1926.
Zomba District: Zomba, frequent in grass in Brachystegia woodlands, herb 50
cm. high, subprostrate, flowers red, inflorescence and pods red-hairy, 1100 m.,
May 26, 1946, 16032. North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common on grassy
edges of montane forest, herb 50-70 cm. high, red-hairy, flowers red, 2350 m.,
Aug. 17, 1946, 17280. Widespread in tropical Africa and Asia.
This is a very variable plant, requiring further careful study.
Indigofera hilaris Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. Pl. Afr. Austr. 241. 1836; Bak. f. Leg.
Trop. Afr. 131. 1926.
Indigofera hockii De Wild. & Bak. Repert. Sp. Nov. 12: 297. 1913; Bak. f. Leg. Trop.
Afr. 131. 1926.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, in Brachystegia woodland, perennial
herb 10-20 cm. high, flowers brownish-red, 1400 m., July 27, 1946, 16974. Kota-
kota, in old garden lands, herb, flowers purple, 460 m., Aug. 7, 1946, Shortridge
17391*. Tanganyika Territory, Belgian Congo, Portuguese East Africa, Nyasa-
land, N. and S. Rhodesia, and South Africa.
I agree with Dr. A. Cronquist’s opinion, expressed to me verbally, that Indigo-
fera hockii is not specifically distinct from I. hilaris.
Indigofera atriceps Hook. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 7: 190. 1864; Bak. f. Leg. Trop.
Afr. 148. 1926.
saat A tg masukuensis Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 256. 1897; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 148.
1926.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, common in moist grassy clearings, herb 1 m.
high, upright, freely branched, 1400 m., May 28, 1946, 16067. British Cameroons,
Belgian Congo, Tanganyika Territory, Nyasaland, and Portuguese East Africa.
I consider the long patent flexuous hairs to vary both in quantity and distribu-
tion within this species. The type-gathering of Indigofera masukuénsis shows
three pieces: on two of these the long hairs are absent from stem and pods; in the
third they are absent from the stem but present on the pods. Other specimens, e.g.
Brass 16067, have them present and abundant both on pods and stem.
I agree with Dr. A. Cronquist’s opinion that Indigofera atriceps and I. masu-
kuénsis are not separable. He considers that the plants with long setose hairs on
the stem should be specifically separated from I. atriceps as I. setosissima Harms
(Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr.-Exp. 2: 252. 1911; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr.
152. 1926). This may well be correct, but in view of the occurrence of intermedi-
252 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 3
‘
ates on the Cameroon Mountain, and since there is no other morphological distinc-
tion, I prefer to treat I. atriceps in a wide sense.
Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 329 (1807) var. ieee Bak. in Oliv.
ELS ‘T100s mats 25 E25. 1G ae
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, sandy beaches of river, herb 50 cm.
high, greyish, flowers purple, 180 m., Oct. 4, 1946, 17972. Widespread in the
tropics.
Tephrosia interrupta Hochst. & Steud. ex Chiov. in Pirotta, Fl. Eritrea, Ann. Ist.
Bot. Roma 8: 419, 420. 1908; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 195. 1926.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, sporadic in Brachystegia woodland, shrub
1-2 m. high, erect, sparsely branched, stem glaucous, leaves grey beneath, flow-
ers dark purple, 1400 m., July 24, 1946, 16899; one plant seen, in Brachystegia
woodland, shrub 3m. high, flowers white tinged with purple, 1350 m., Aug. 1,
1946, 17078. Eritrea, Abyssinia, Kenya, Tanganyika Territory, and Nyasaland,
for which this is the first record.
Tephrosia whyteana Bak. f. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II. 4: 9. 1894; Leg. Trop. Afr.
212351926.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common in rain-forest re-
growths, shrub 2-3 m. high, large, loosely branched, flowers purple, showy, 1860
m., June 26, 1946, 16445. Endemic to Mlanje Mountain.
Brass 16445 has the dark spreading hairs on the pedicels and calyces more
numerous than in the type, but is otherwise a good fit, and I have no doubt what-
ever that it is conspecific.
Tephrosia aequilata Bak. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 113. 1871; Bak. f. Leg. Trop.
Age. 212. 1926.
Tephrosia nyasae Bak. f. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II. 4: 9. 1894; Leg. Trop. Afr. 212.
1926.
ae zombensis Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 257. 1897; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 213.
1926. ;
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, frequent among rocks on an exposed summit,
shrub about 1 m. high, bushy, leaves silvery beneath, flowers dark purple, showy,
‘fruit immature, 1500 m., June 2, 1946, 16154. North Nyasa District: Nyika Pla-
teau, occasional in grassland bordering forest, shrub 60-80 cm. high, flowers
purple, 2350 m., Aug. 17, 1946, 17288; Nchena-chena Spur, abundant in grass-
lands, shrub 1 m. high, freely branched and more or less flat-topped, flowers pur-
ple, 1900 m., Aug. 20, 1946, 17361. Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika Territory, Nyasa-
land, S. Rhodesia, and the Transvaal.
Thés is an exceedingly difficult complex. To my eye, the differences between
the three above species are insufficient to keep them up, although the plants vary
much in branching, indumentum, and size of leaves.
Tephrosia mildbraedii Harms in Mildbr. Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr.-Exp.
2: 255. pl. 28, 19Tts Bak, f. "Les. Trop. Ate. 213.2020.
Tephrosia nyikensis Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 257. 1897; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 212.
1926; omn. pro parte, vide infra.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau; Nchena-chena Spur, in open grasslands,
apparently rare, shrub about 1 m. high, branches few, erect, flowers purple, 1900
m., Aug. 20, 1946, 17352. Belgian Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika Territory,
Portuguese East Africa, and Nyasaland.
Dr. A. Cronquist points out to me that the type of Tephrosia nyikensis is a
mixture of T. mildbraedii and T. congestiflora Harms, and that the latter name
should be replaced bv T. nvikensis.
1953] ; PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND f 253
Dr. Cronquist says also that T. atroviolacea Bak. f. [ex De Wild. Bull. Soc.
Bot. Belge 57(2): 115. 1925] is not specifically separable.
Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. Philipp. Jour. Sci. Bot. 7: 235. 1912.
Aeschynomene sesban L. Sp. Pl. 714. 1753.
Sesbania aegyptiaca [*'Sesban aegyptiacus’’] Poir. in Lam. Encyc. 7:128. 1806; Phil-
lips & Hutch. Bothalia 1: 44. 1921; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 259. 1929.
Kota-kota District: Benga, west shore of Lake Nyasa, plentiful on sandy lake-
shores, shrub 2-3 m. high, flowers yellow mottled with purple, fruit pendent, 470
m., Sept. 2, 1946, 17482. Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, plentiful on
sandy beaches, about 2 m. high, flowers yellow, fruit immature, 180 m., Oct. 6,
1946, 17995*. Old World tropics; also in central America and the West Indies,
where it is probably introduced. :
Herminiera elaphroxylon Guill. & Perr. in Guill., Perr. & Rich. Fl. Senegamb.
Tent. 201. pl. 51. 1832-1833.
Aeschynomene elaphroxylon (Guill. & Perr.) Taub. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf.
33: 320. /. 124. 1894; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 289. 1929.
Kota-kota District: Benga, west shore of Lake Nyasa, plentiful in marginal
sandy shallows of lake and on beach, tree or shrub 5-7 m. high, flowers orange-
yellow, showy, pods viscid, hairy, 470 m., Sept. 2, 1946, 17494. Native name,
bingwi. Widespread in tropical Africa and Madagascar.
This is the ambatch of the Nile sudd.
Aeschynomene ? stolzii Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 54: 384. 1917; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr.
290. 1929.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common locally on forest edges, shrub
1-1.5 m. high, somewhat viscid, flowers orange-yellow, standard streaked with
red, 2440 m., Aug. 11, 1946, 17170.
No authentic specimens of Aeschynomene stolzii from Tanganyika Territory
are available to me; Brass 17170 apparently differs in not being prostrate or suf-
fruticose. However I believe that Mr. Brass’ specimen is conspecific with Green-
way 3568 from Rungwe, southwestern Tanganyika Territory, which is described as
being a perennial mat-herb. If Brass 17170 is A. stolzii, it is new to Nyasaland.
Aeschynomene megalophylla Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 8: 355. 1910; Bak. f. Leg.
Trop. Afr. 291. 1929.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, abundant in forest re-
growths, also found on rocky grass slopes near forest, tree or shrub up to 5-6 m.
high and 25 cm. in diameter at breast-height, flowers as a shrub, but attains tree
size, hairs viscid, petals golden-yellow, sepals red, 1900 m., July 7, sia 16/17.
Nyasaland, and a form with glabrous leaves in S. Rhodesia.
Aeschynomene ? heurckeana Bak. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 20: 130. 1883.
Aeschynomene dissitiflora Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 259. 1897; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr.
293. 1929.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, prostrate on open grassy bank of a
stream, herb, flowers orange, 2200 m., Aug. 11, 1946, 17154.
I do not consider that Aeschynomene dissitiflora can be specifically Se
from A. heurckeana, a species hitherto known only from Madagascar. Certain
specimens at Kew Site conkdinihy be referred to A. heurckeana, e.g. Whyte s.n.
(Nyasaland, Masuku Plateau, 1980-2130 m., July 1896), Hutchinson & Gillett 3730
(N. Rhodesia, Lukulu River, July 16, 1930) and Schlieben 1193 (Tanganyika Ter-
ritory, Upper Ruhudje, Lupembe area, N. of the river, frequent in riparian bush,
1600 m.).
254 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANIC AL GARDEN [Vol, 8, No. 3
Brass 17154 differs from Aeschynomene heurckeana solely in having a few
hairs on the faces of the joints of the fruit; from A. dissitiflora it also differs in
the smaller leaflets and shorter inflorescences.
Aeschynomene glauca R. E. Fr. Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod.-Kongo-Exp. 12(1):
84. 1914; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 297. 1929.
Dedza District: Dedza, sporadic in Brachystegia woodland, perennial herb 10-
30 cm. high, young shoots flowering after burning of the grass, flowers yellow,
streaked with purple, 1500 m., Sept. 13, 1946, 17628. Southwestern Tanganyika
Territory, Portuguese East Africa, Nyasaland, and N. Rhodesia.
I have not seen the type of this species, but there is good agreement with the
original description. I associate with Brass 17628 the following specimens in
Herb. Kew.:
Tanganyika Territory (Davies 682, Greenway 3643, Emson 395, all from near
Mbozi).
Portuguese East Africa (Kirk s.n. from Mungazi, 910-1070 m., Sept. 1859,
Archdeacon W. P. Johnson 454, Torre 244).
Nyasaland (Galpin s.n. from Sulima Bay, L. Nyasa, Sept. 22, 1935).
Aeschynomene nyikensis Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 259. 1897; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr.
297. 1929.
Dedza District: Dedza, common in Brachystegia woodlands, shrub about 2 m.
high, viscid, erect, slender, flowers orange-yellow, 1500 m., July 23,1946, 16883.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, locally common in moist gullies in Brachy-
stegia woodland, shrub 2-2.5 m. high, plant viscid, flowers yellow, 1400 m., July
25, 1946, 16936. Southwestern Tanganyika Territory, Portuguese East Africa,
Nyasaland, and (fide Bak. f. l.c.) Angola; a variety in S. Rhodesia (Suessenguth
& Merxmueller, Trans. Rhod. Sci. Ass. 43: 17. 1951).
Smithia elliotii Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 304. 1929.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, plentiful on grassy edges of rain-forest, per-
ennial herb 60-80 cm. high, of ascending spreading habit, flowers purple, 1820
m., May 31, 1946, 16118. Belgian Congo, Uganda, Tanganyika Territory, Nyasa-
land and Madagascar (Perrier de la Bathie 4211! in Herb. Kew.). I know of no pre-
vious published record of S. elliotit from Nyasaland, though Buchanan 159 and
665 (Herb. Kew.), both from Zomba and up till now wrongly named S. sensitiva
Ait., are S. elliotii; these incidentally may be the basis of the Nyasaland record
of S. erubescens (E. Mey.) Bak. f. (Leg. Trop. Afr. 304. 1929).
Smithia recurvifolia Taub. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 215. 1895; Bak. f.
Leg. Trop. Afr. 307. 1929.
Smithia congesta Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 259. 1897; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 308. 1929.
Smithia drepanophylla Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 260. 1897; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 308.
1929.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common on forest edges, shrub 1.5=2 m.
tall, inflorescence viscid, flowers yellow, 2440 m., Aug. 11, 1946, 17171; common
on forest borders, shrub 1.5-2 m. high, bracts green, fringed with yellow hairs,
flowers yellow, 2300 m., Aug. 13, 1946, 17198. Tanganyika Territory and Nyasa-
land.
Smithia scaberrima Taub. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 215. 1895; Bak. f. Leg.
Trop. Afr. 308. 1929.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, shrub 1.5-2 m. high, leaves shining grey-
green above, racemes secund, flowers reflexed on the pedicels, yellow, fruit not
seen, a showy shrub, 1430 m., May 29, 1946, 16075. Mlanje District: Mlanje Moun-
1953] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASAL AND 255
tain; Luchenya Plateau, very abundant in forest-regrowths, shrub 2-3 m. high,
branched into a very dense flattish crown, flowers yellow, 2000 m., June 27, 1946,
16470. Confined to Nyasaland.
Geissaspis drepanocephala Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 260. 1897; Bak. f. Leg. Trop.
Afr. 313. 1929.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, sporadic in Brachystegia woodland, per-
ennial herb, 1400 m., July 26, 1946, 16951*; sporadic in Brachystegia woodlands,
perennial herb, bracts green, 1400 m., Aug. 2, 1946, 17110*. Belgian Congo, Tan-
ganyika Territory, Nyasaland, and N. Rhodesia.
Geissaspis ? descampsii De Wild. & Dur. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belge 39(2): 65. 1900;
Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 317. 1929.
? District: North Road, between Mzimba and Kasungu, stony soil in Brachy-
stegia woodlands, shrub 60 cm. high, 1400 m., Aug. 23, 1946, 17387.
Two specimens in the Kew Herbarium—St. Clair Thompson 1123, Pole Evans
& Erens 638—both certainly conspecific with Brass 17387, have been kindly com-
pared with the holotype (Belgian Congo: Samba, Mar. 1891, Descamps s.n.) of G.
descampsti by Dr. G. Troupin at Brussels. He writes that the two specimens sent
“Différent de G. descampsii De Wild. surtout par les folioles plus grandes, plus
longuement et densement serrees aux bords; quant aux glandes (ou poils glandu-
laires), elles n’apparaissent pas sur les jeunes feuilles de l’holotype, mais bien
sur un autre specimen (Vanden Brande 31, Marungu) déterminé provisoirement. Vu
le materiel peu abondant, il est quasi impossible de se rendre compte de |’éventu-
elle variation de cette espece.’’ He also very kindly sent some leaflets from the
holotype of G. descampsii. In view >f all this I feel that further gatherings of G.
descampsii in the Belgian Congo may bridge the apparent difference in leaflet-
size. I do not therefore feel prepared at present to separate Brass 17387 from G.
descampsii. | have seen plants conspecific with Brass 17387 from Tanganyika
Territory, Nyasaland, and N. Rhodesia.
Desmodium re pandum (Vahl) DC. Prodr. 2: 334. 1825.
Hedysarum repandum Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 82. 1791.
Desmodium scalpe DC. Prodr. 2: 334. 1825; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 328. 1929.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, frequent in weedy growths on rain-forest
paths, herb about 80 cm. high, standard and wings red, keel greenish, tipped with
red, 1450 m., June 3, 1946, 16176. Mlanje District: Upper Ruo River, shrub, flow-
ers red, about 850 m., July 4, 1946, Vernay 16658. Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya
Plateau, occasional in moist openings in forest, shrub 50-70 cm. high, flowers
orange-red, 1850 m., July 8, 1946, 16732. Widespread in tropical Africa, also in
the Transvaal, South Africa, and Madagascar.
I am greatly indebted to Dr. Bernice G. Schubert, who has most kindly con-
firmed my supposition that the name Desmodium scalpe must be replaced by Des-
modium repandum. She writes: ‘‘I have on loan from Copenhagen what Schindler
considered the type of D. repandum from Forskal’s herbarium and shall send you
a photograph later on. It is a miserably scrappy specimen but I don’t think there
is any doubt about the identity.’’
Desmodium salicifolium (Poir.) DC. Prodr. 2: 337. 1825; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr.
330. 1929.
Hedysarum salicifolium Poir. in Lam. Encyc. 6: 422. 1804.
Kota-kota District: Chia area, in semi-shade on bank of a water-hole, flowers
purple and white, 480 m., Sept. 1, 1946, 17462. idespread in tropical Africa and
on Madagascar and the Mascarenes.
256 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol, 8, No, 3
Desmodium dimorphum Welw. ex. Bak. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. “a 161. 1871; Bak. f.
Leg. Trop. Afr. 332. 1929.
Mlanje District: Likubula Gorge, rocky bed of river, shrub 80 cm. high, flowers
pink, 840 m., June 20, 1946, 16367. Widespread in tropical Africa.
Droogmansia whytei Schindl. Repert. Sp. Nov. 22: 271. 1926; Bak. f. Leg. Trop.
Afr. 334. 1929.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, common in Brachystegia woodland, shrub
2-2.5 m. high, erect and sparsely branched, flowers purple, standard streaked with
red, 1400 m., July 24, 1946, 16890. Tanganyika Territory, Nyasaland, and N.
Rhodesia.
Vicia paucifolia Bak. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 173 (1871) var. malosana (Bak.)
Brenan, var. nov.
Lathyrus malosanus Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 261. 1897.
Vicia malosana (Bak.) Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 347. 1929.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, climbing on grass edging rain-forest, vine,
flowers blue, 1820 m., May 31, 1946, 16134. For distribution see below.
Vicia paucifolia and V. malosana are separable, but by characters too poorly
defined and inconstant to justify keeping them as species.
Vicia paucifolia Bak. var. paucifolia,
Vicia paucifolia Bak. l.c., sensu stricto.
Lathyrus schimperi Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. (Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl.
1891: )265. 1892.
Vicia volkensii Taub. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 219. 1895.
Petiolus subnullus vel usque ad 2-5(-G6) mm. longus. Foliola saepius 3-4,
quorum par infimum saepe alternum. Cirri saepe furcati. Calycis dentes 3-5 mm.
longi.
Vicia paucifolia Bak. var. malosana (Bak.) Brenan.
Folia sessilia vel subsessilia, petiolo usque ad 2 mm. longo. Foliola 2, raro
3-4, quorum par infimum oppositum. Cirri plerumque simplices. Calycis dentes
1.5-2(-3) mm. longi.
The difference in width of pod alleged by Bak. f. (Leg. Trop. Afr.) to separate
V. malosana and V. paucifolia I am quite unable to confirm; I find no constant
difference.
The var. paucifolia is found in Abyssinia, Kenya and the northern part of Tan-
ganyika Territory. Its area does not overlap that of var. malosana, which is con-
fined to the southwestern part of Tanganyika Territory (Stolz 265, F. Zimmer 16,
St. Clair-Thompson 692) and Nyasaland (Buchanan 399, Whyte s.n., Brass 16134).
The thfee Nyasaland gatherings have all been made on Mount Zomba. All the
sheets cited are in the Kew Herbarium.
Abrus precatorius L. Syst. Nat. ed. 12: 472. 1767; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 351.
1929.
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, in dry brushy forest, vine 3 m. high,
180 m., Oct. 4, 1946, 17959*. Native name (Chinyanja), ntimbua. Widespread in
the tropics.
Brass 17959 consists of a leafless stem bearing fruits, which is Abrus, anda
length of barren leafy stem, which is most probably Lablab vulgaris Savi. There
are no specimens at Kew of Abrus from Nyasaland, but it is on record in Burtt
Davy & Hoyle, Check-Lists For. Trees & Shrubs Brit. Emp. 2 (Nyasaland Protec-
torate): 58 (1936).
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—
MEMOIRS
OF
THE NEw YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
VoL. 8, No. 4
A Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Macrolobium (Leguminosae-Caesal-
SS oS oa in OI a aNd Richard S. Cowan 257
A Revision of the Genus Brachyotum (Tibouchineae-Melastomaceae)
: John J. Wurdack 343
Issued 1 October 1953
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Vol. 8, No. 4 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN October 5, 1953
A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS MACROLOBIUM
(LEGUMINOSAE-CAESALPINIOIDEAE)’
RICHARD S. COW AN
INTRODUCTION
Macrolobium is one of nearly a hundred genera of the subfamily Caesalpini-
oideae (Leguminosae), and with about twenty other genera comprises the tribe
Amherstieae. The subfamily is exceptionally well developed in tropical America
and many of its South American representatives are greatly in need of study. Such
genera as Swartzia (tribe Tounateeae) and Cassia are quite confused taxonomi-
cally but are such immense groups that their study must be undertaken over a long
period. The same sort of complexity has existed, to a lesser extent, in Macro-
lobium, which is sufficiently smaller so that a more immediate solution of its
taxonomy appeared possible. In the course of routine identifications of the
legumes from Venezuela, the writer became especially interested in this genus be-
cause of its morphological diversity and he became convinced that it was in need
of critical investigation because of the difficulty encountered in naming these
collections. Such a revision could profitably be undertaken at the New York Bo-
tanical Garden because of the considerable collections of the genus, including
much type material, on deposit there.
What Macrolobium lacks in numbers of species is compensated for in numbers
of individuals, for in some areas in Venezuela the author has observed riverine
vegetation in which the commonest trees were members of this genus. It is found
from northern Panama south to Peru on the western coast of South America and
to southern Brazil on the Atlantic Coast. It is predominantly a genus of lowland
riverine or savanna plants, but the species of section Stenosolen occur in the
foothills on both sides of the Andes. The lands annually inundated by the over-
flow of rivers during the rainy season are a frequent habitat, but many species
prefer the sandy savanna and sub-savanna areas. Certain taxa of the genus were
observed by the writer growing only in the vicinity of rapids, but this must surely
be an edaphic correlation.
Concurrently with the study of the materials of the genus in the herbarium of
the New York Botanical Garden, loans were obtained from the major herbaria of
the world which contain appreciable numbers of South American collections.
These herbaria are listed below with the abbreviations used in the text, which
are, for the most part, taken from the list by Lanjouw (1952).
A-Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.
BM=British Museum (Natural History), London, England.
BGF-British Guiana Forest Department, Georgetown, British Guiana.
COL-Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogota, Colombia.
F-Chicago Natural History Museum, Chicago, Illinois.
G-Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Geneva, Switzerland.
GH=-Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
IAN-Instituto Agronémico do Norte, Belém, Brazil.
K=-Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England.
MO=Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri.
‘Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Phi-
losophy, in the Faculty of Pure Science, Columbia University.
25%
258 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
Y
NY-New York Botanical Garden, New York, New York.
P=Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire de Phanerogamie, Paris,
France. :
RB-Secgao de Botanica Sistematica, Jardim Botadnico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio
de Janeiro, Brazil.
U-Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht, Utrecht,
Netherlands.
UC-University of California Herbarium, Berkeley, California.
US-Smithsonian Institution, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
VEN-=Division de Botanica, Ministério de Agricultura y Cria, Caracas, Venezuela.
W-Naturhistorisches Museum, Botanische Abteilung, Wien, Austria.
Y-Yale University School of Forestry, New Haven, Connecticut.
The author is much indebted to the directors and curators of all these institu-
tions, from which specimens have been borrowed. He gratefully acknowledges the
invaluable assistance of the following persons: Dr. Bassett Maguire, under whose
direction this research was conducted and who contributed extensively with his
encouragement and suggestions; Dr. David D. Keck and Dr. D. P. Rogers, who
have contributed liberally of their time in the preparation of the manuscript and in
the evaluation of the botanical conclusions during the absence of Dr. Maguire in
South America; and Dr. H. W. Rickett, for kind assistance in editorial and biblio-
graphic matters.
GENERIC RELATIONSHIPS
The tribe Amherstieae, while pantropic in distribution, is best represented in
tropical South America and tropical West Africa. There are fewer genera of the
tribe in South America than in Africa and they bear little resemblance to Macrolo-
bium, whose closest relatives are certainly African. Macrolobium, as heretofore
circumscribed, appears to be most closely allied to the African genus Berlinia,
although the American species are strongly dissimilar, and the connection with
this genus is through the African species of the Macrolobium complex. The rela-
tionship with other members of the Amherstieae is even more remote. ;
Although the geographical range of Macrolobium has always been considered
to include tropical West Africa, recent developments have modified this view, at
least for the writer. A letter from Dr. J. Léonard of Institut National pour 1’Etude
Agronomique du Congo Belge, Brussels, explained that he was completing a study
of the African species of Macrolobium and he enclosed an impressive synopsis of
his conclusions in the form of keys, tables, descriptions, and sketches. He ex-
plained that he was segregating two new genera from the African material and that
he considered the remainder of the species under two subgenera of Macrolobium
with the American species as a third subgenus. He asked consideration of his
conclusions and especially that the characters be checked which he considered
as significant in separating his various taxa, since he was less familiar with the
American species. As I had not reviewed the African situation, I was pleased to
have this opportunity of examining his work.
After careful examination of the differences involved, the following table of
Significant characters separating the species of America and Africa was sub-
mitted to Dr. Léonard, the points arranged in descending order of importance: -
American Species African Species
1. Petal one. 1. Petals (4-)5(-6).
2. Staminodia usually absent. 2. Small stamens and/or staminodia 4-7.
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 259
3. Foliar axis usually narrowly alate. 3. Foliar axis non-alate.
4. Claw of petal usually auriculate. 4. Claw not auriculate.
5. Fruit always smooth. 5. Fruit smooth or with transverse lines.
In a second letter, Dr. Leonard suggested that the number of petals, presence
or absence of staminodia are the important characters which with the geographic
distribution serve to separate these groups of species. He referred again, how-
ever, to the American species as possessing one large petal, sometimes accom-
panied by one to four small petals. The present writer considers the latter not as
**small petals’’ but petalodia, that is, vestigial remnants of petals.
The point, morphologically, at which a petal becomes a petalodium is indeed
obscure, but anatomical evidence has led the writer to the conviction that these
bodies are more properly referred to as vestigial structures. Several of the Ameri-
can species were studied by means of transverse serial sections, and while the
one large adaxial petal had a very obvious vascular supply in all the flowers of
the few species studied, no sign of bundles for either vestigial petals or stami-
nodia was observed. Whether or not the more prominent petals of the African spe-
cies have a vascular system is not known, but in the American ones it appears
that there is not more than one vascularized petal and furthermore the vestigial
non-vascularized ones are deciduous at anthesis if formed at all and in any case
are seldom observed.
Recently it was decided to attempt to secure additional data which might as-
sist in the resolution of this problem of generic delimitation. Accordingly, Dr. G.
Erdtman of the Palynological Laboratory at Bromma, Sweden, was asked to make
available any information which he might have on this genus. He very kindly of-
fered to undertake a study of the pollen morphology of the genus; for this immeas-
’ urable assistance I express my sincerest appreciation.
Material of thirteen African and nine American species was sent to Dr. Erdt-
man for his study. A preliminary report was received within a few weeks, with the
statement that “‘the grains can be classified in two groups: South American spe-
cies and African species.’’ He pointed out that in both species-groups the sexine
is conspicuously striate but that the striae in the American species are much
more densely spaced than those of the African species. Further differences were
found in the form of the striae and in the relative length of the baculae. These
characters are apparently constant for each species-group, and, while micro-
scopic, they lend valuable support to the arguments for maintaining the African
and American species in separate genera.
In summary, Dr. Leonard contends that the occasional presence of ‘‘petals’’
and staminodia in the American species form a bond with the African species with
their five petals and omnipresent small stamens and/or staminodia, for which
reason they should be considered congeneric. The present writer maintains that
the characters enumerated in the table above and the palynological characters are
sufficient for the generic separation of these two groups. Macrolobium is here
considered to be an American genus with its closest relatives the species in Af-
rica formerly assigned to it; whether these latter species be referred to one genus
or more than one is a problem for the students of the African floras to resolve.
HISTORY OF THE GENUS
Aublet in his publication on the plants of French Guiana (1775) described two
new genera, Vouapa and Outea, the former with two species and the latter with
one. Vouapa bifolia is recognizable from the description and plate, but the second
species, V. Simira, is probably not congeneric. Although the type of Outea guia-
260 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
nensis has not been seen, there are two subsequent collections from Surinam
which match Aublet’s ‘plate well and are accepted as representing this taxon.
Scopoli renamed Vouwapa in 1777, calling it Kruegeria, and in 1789 Schreber in-
cluded both Vouapa and Outea under a new name, Macrolobium, which gained gen-
eral acceptance. In 1805 J. St.-Hilaire and in 1891 Taubert used Aublet’s original
generic names, but St.-Hilaire changed their spelling to Vuapa and Utea. The le-
gitimate generic name was finally resolved by legislative action in the conserva-
tion of Macrolobium against Outea, Vouapa, and Kruegeria in 1935.
Between 1775 and 1870 very little was added to the knowledge of the genus
aside from the descriptions of a few new species and the renaming of some of the
older ones. Vogel (1837) described two new species, M. pendulum and M. lJati-
folium, and at the same time created two sections. His first section included both
Vouapa and Outea but he presented no name for it; the second section, which he
called Scytodium, included only his new species, M. /atifolium.
By 1870 some nine species had been proposed, and in that year Bentham pub-
lished the first critical study of the genus in Flora brasiliensis, adding a number
of new species based on Spruce’s collections in Brazil. In this review he recog-
nized only the name Macrolobium, relegating Outea and Vouwapa to synonomy.
The following years witnessed the addition of numerous new species as north-
ern South America became better known floristically. Both O. Kuntze and Taubert
in 1891 placed most of the then known species in the genus Vouapa (‘*Vuapa’’ of
Kuntze). Of more consequence was the treatment of the genus by Britton and Kil-
lip (1936). In this publication these authors maintained Outea as a genus distinct
from Vouapa, the latter being considered as a synonym of Macrolobium. At the
same time they established a new genus, Pseudovouapa, to include the single
species M. stenosiphon Harms. The writer has found no morphological grounds for
the recognition of Pseudovouapa and it is accordingly treated here as a synonym
of Macrolobium. To be sure, there are abundant differences to distinguish its type
species from all other species in the genus, but none is of generic magnitude.
Both Ducke and Pittier presented reviews of the genus (1941). Ducke’s treat-
ment included only the species of the ‘Amazonian Hylaea,’’ and in it he presents
keys to the species, general remarks concerning the plants, and the citation of
Ducke collections. Pittier’s review was somewhat more complete but included
only the species of Venezuela. He included keys, brief descriptions, citation of
a few specimens for each species, and the descriptions of three new species, one
of which was conspecific with an earlier species.
Miss Amshoff (1948), working at Utrecht on Maguire’s legume collections from
Surinam, published the descriptions of two new species and one new variety; she
also gives a key, but only to the species of Guiana.
os
MORPHOLOGY
Habit. Both shrubs and trees occur and each taxon is rather constantly of one
or the other form. The minimum stature is realized in M. savannarum, which is
characteristically a low shrub, often less than a meter in height when fully ma-
ture. At the other extreme, individuals to 35 m. tall were recorded by Krukoff for
M. campestre var. arboreum. Many of the arborescent species have a spreading,
more or less flat-topped crown.
Stipules. These structures occur in pairs at the base of the petioles but are
most frequently caducous; in a few taxa (M. huberianum and M. pendulum) their
persistence has been a useful character. In form, they vary from small subulate
structures to large foliaceous ones; where possible their form and size have been
used in the taxonomy of the genus, for both characters are quite stable.
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 261
Petiolules. Petiolules are infrequent and when present constitute a very usa-
ble characteristic; a few isolated examples occur in each of the sections. The
term is herein applied to that portion, when present, of the leaflet below the last
sensible trace of the blade.
Rachis Rudiment. In a few of the unijugate species, M. pendulum for example,
the last vestige of the rachis persists as a subulate structure as much as a centi-
meter or more in length. It is generally caducous, but in the species named it is
persistent or semi-persistent.
Leaflets. In form and dimensions there is the greatest diversity in these
parts. In the more primitive species the form is mostly oblong and it is in the
more highly evolved forms that other shapes occur. Both size and shape of the
leaflets have been used systematically, but of greater importance is the number
of pairs per leaf. They are always opposite and always in pairs except in some
forms of M. campestre in which one of the leaflets of the terminal pair does not
develop; the latter condition is referred to as pseudo-imparipinnate. The evolu-
tionary tendency is toward a progressive reduction in the number of pairs with
usually a corresponding increase in the leaflet size. However, this tendency has
been expressed repeatedly and independently of all other characters.
The details of the venation are so uniform that they seldom furnish useful
characters. However, characters of secondary importance are found in the degree
of prominence of the costa (the ‘‘midrib’’ of the leaflet); in M. /imbatum the pri-
mary vein branches (the first-degree branching of the costa) anastomose intramar-
ginally to form a distinct submarginal vein, and such intramarginal nerves are also
found in M. retusum. In M. furcatum and M. flexuosum the venules (the venation
other than the costa and primary veins) are prominent, numerous, and closely
. parallel.
The vesture of the leaflets is quite variable and is used infrequently in the
following treatment. The leaflets may be entirely glabrous or pubescent only on
the costa or throughout. The under surface is commonly, but not always, covered
by a persistent microscopic waxy bloom.
In a few taxa glandular punctae are present and are sufficiently constant to
justify their use as a taxonomic character. These glands occur as small puncta-
tions of regular form and of uniform distribution over the lower leaflet surface.
Inflorescence. The inflorescence may be axial or terminal and ramiflorous or
cauliflorous; the latter pair of characters is particularly useful taxonomically on
the specific level. It is always racemose but considerably variable in dimensions
and outline. In M. furcatum one or two short lateral racemes occur regularly to-
ward the base of the inflorescence, but these are rare in other taxa.
The peduncle of the inflorescence is generally very short or absent but in M.
multijugum and M. molle one as long as five centimeters is produced, which serves
to distinguish these species.
Bracts occur regularly at the base of each pedicel, but these vary from minute,
insignificant structures to those which surpass the flowers in length. They fre-
quently furnish characters of some systematic importance in their size, form, and
vesture. They are most frequently very early caducous but are persistent in sev-
eral taxa; in M. parvifolium, for example, they persist as a wide band of imbricate
sterile bracts at the base of the inflorescence.
The flowers are always borne on pedicels, at the apex of which are found two
bracteoles which are connivent marginally to enclose the flower before anthesis.
These bracteoles are variable in form not only between but also within taxa, but
for taxonomic purposes they are much more reliable in their dimensions. At an-
thesis they open to the base along an adaxial and an abaxial line, releasing the
262 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN -[Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
infolded petal, stamens, and style. However, in section Stenosolen they open com-
pletely abaxially but only partially along the adaxial line (Fig. le). In the less
highly evolved taxa the bracteoles are generally pubescent on both surfaces, but
in more advanced groups they are pubescent on only one surface or entirely
glabrous.
Flowers. The flower is composed of a hypanthium, four or five sepals, one
petal, three stamens, and a single pistil (Fig. 1). The hypanthium, which is either
sessile or stipitate, is here quite likely the result of the fusion of the bases of
the filaments, the calyx, and possibly of the petal. It is either cupular or long-
cylindric, and this difference is of first importance in distinguishing the two sec-
tions. It is cylindric and regular or nearly so in section Stenosolen but cupular
and more or less zygomorphic in section Vouapa (Figs. la, e).
On the margin of the hypanthium are borne the sepals, petal, stamens, .and
sometimes the pistil as well. The calyx of section Stenosolen is regularly four-
parted, with lobes about equal in size and about uniform in shape (Fig. le). In
section Vouapa the lobes are five and free, or five with the adaxial pair united
laterally to a greater or lesser extent, or four by the complete lateral union of the
adaxial pair (Figs. la-d). While the number of sepals has been employed to some
degree in delimiting species, it has more often been neglected for more easily
discernible characters. In each of the phylogenetically lower taxa of section Vou-
apa the sepals are about equal in size, but in the more advanced forms the adaxial
pair is often smaller and frequently of a different shape from the other lobes.
The single petal, which is situated on the adaxial side of the flower, is of two
general types (Figs. la, e). In section Stenosolen it is an elliptic, oval, or ob-
lanceolate organ, sometimes sessile or more often with a very short insignificant
claw. In the section Vowapa the petal is provided with a definite stipe about as
long as or longer than the transversely oval or orbicular blade. The term ‘‘trans-
versely oval’’ refers to an oval outline in which the long axis is perpendicular to
the claw. The size and form of the blade is of only moderate importance as a di-
agnostic character. Petalodia, that is, vestigial petals, occur. sporadically in sev-
eral groups, but they are so infrequent in their occurrence that they are rarely
mentioned in the descriptions and are of no use taxonomically.
Of the three stamens, one is abaxial and the other two are lateral. Occasionally
the length of the filaments and the presence or absence of pubescence on them
provide the only characters of even secondary importance in delimiting taxa. They
are always long and slender, bearing at their apex versatile, bilocular anthers.
The pollen grains are trilobate, and Dr. Erdtman described their structure (in cor-
respondence) as follows: ‘On micromorphological basis the ‘sexine’...is con-
spicuoysly striate. The striae are densely spaced in the South American species;
their upper surface is flat, and the extosexine (which forms the bulk of the striae)
is supported by short rods (‘bacula’); in some species they are almost lacking.’’
The single pistil consists of a short to long gynophore, an ovary, style, and
stigma (Figs. la, e). Although the tribe Amherstieae has been characterized as
possessing a gynophore inserted on the adaxial wall of the hypanthium, in Macro
lobium it may be thus inserted or free from the hypanthium. Below the point at
which the gynophore becomes free from the wall (except when it is basally in-
Explanation of Figure 1
FIG. 1. a. Flower of M. multijugum, a representative species of section Vouapa. b-d.
Adaxial sepal pair from three species to show stages in lateral union; b. M. microcalyx,
x4: c. M. multijugum, X 4; and d. M. canaliculatum, Xx 2; e. Flower of M. stenosiphon, type
species of section Stenosolen. f. Bracteoles of M. stenosiphon showing incomplete open-
ing on adaxial side of flower.
en
REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 263
1953]
“wu O|
SS ee ee eee eee
S92 Bee
mbm ee
264 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
serted), its presence is indicated by a ridge to the base of the hypanthium. It ap-
pears probable that the ancestral forms had a basally attached gynophore.
The ovary provides important characters in the type and distribution of its pu-
bescence, both of which are very stable characteristics. The ovary may be pu-
bescent on all surfaces, marginally only, or completely glabrous. The ovules vary
from one to eight, but it is usually in the more primitive groups that more than two
or three appear. The other parts of the pistil contribute no usable characters.
Fruit. The legume is flattened laterally but is quite diverse in size and out-
line within the genus. It varies from suborbicular to oblong or cleaver-shaped and
in length from about three centimeters to over fifteen centimeters. It may be in-
dehiscent, as in M. acaciaefolium, M. multijugum, and M. flexuosum (fide Ducke),
or dehiscent to release one to very few flat seeds which are orbicular to oblong
in outline. The dimensions and shape of the legumes are of limited utility taxo-
nomically.
Vesture. The pubescence found in the various species of the genus is always
simple but sometimes considerably modified. The hairs of M. latifolium are dis-
tinctly clavate, and such hairs are also observed scattered amid the ribbon-like
hairs of certain organs in M. bifolium. Uncinate hairs occur in a number of taxa,
principally on the leaves.
The hairs are commonly less than a millimeter in length and in some forms
visible only with a dissecting microscope, yet the character of the pubescence is
used rather extensively, particularly its distribution and its presence or absence.
Because differences in relative lengths are of true importance even in these mi-
nute hairs, it is necessary to define the author’s use of terms in this paper which
are more often applied elsewhere to hairs of considerably greater length.
1. Puberulous: hairs 0.1 mm. or less in length; this type of pubescence may be
discernible with a hand-lens or naked eye (minutely puberulous) or a dissecting
microscope may be necessary (microscopically puberulous).
2. Pilosulose: straight hairs about 0.3 mm. long.
3. Villosulose: similar to the preceding in length, but the hairs more or less
tortuous. .
4, Pilose: hairs straight and more than 0.3 mm. long.
5. Villose: hairs of about same length as preceding but more or less tortuous.
DEVELOPMENTAL TRENDS
Phylogenetic discussion on most groups of plants is often based on nearly
pure speculation, with a minimum of concrete evidence. In Macrolobium the evi-
dence is so fragmentary that the following is concerned only with possible trends
of development which may have occurred in the evolutionary history of the genus.
That is, these remarks are intended primarily to set forth the writer’s conclusions
regarding the possible sequence of the resultant morphological modifications, for
these conclusions underlie the systematic organization presented later.
The species of the African genera related to Macrolobium reflect their rela-
tively primitive nature in a number of respects, namely, by their pentamerous
corolla and by their regular possession of small stamens and/or staminodia. In
addition, they possess a cupular hypanthium, which form is considered to be ante-
cedent to the cylindric form found in the species of section Stenosolen of the
American genus Macrolobium. The species of section Vouapa of this genus have
the same type of hypanthium as is exhibited by the more primitive African species.
It appears rather certain that there has been in Macrolobium, in several of the
lines of relationship, a reduction in the number of sepals, from five to four. The
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 265
anatomical results, cited earlier, indicate that this has been accomplished by
the lateral union of the adaxial pair of sepals (Figs. 1b-d). Now, if the cylindric
hypanthium is truly advanced, then we might expect that the calyx would also
show the advanced sepal number of four. This is regularly true. In the two princi-
pal lines of development here designated as sections, the calyx has developed
somewhat differently. There is a tendency in the species groups of section Vou-
apa for those species considered to be more advanced in the total of their char-
acteristics to have the adaxial pair of sepals more or less reduced and often much
different from the others in shape. In section Stenosolen, on the other hand, the
sepals are about equal in size and essentially uniform in shape.
One of the basic differences separating the two sections of Macrolobium is the
failure of the bracteoles to open completely on the adaxial side of the flower in
section Stenosolen (Figs. le, f). What selective advantage such a modification
could possibly possess is difficult to imagine, but it may be considered as a spe-
cialization, indicative of a derivation from the situation in the other section in
which the bracteoles open completely.
The two sections are also easily separable by the presence or absence of a
claw to the single petal. It appears possible that the clawed petal of section Vou-
apa is the more advanced form, having originated by elongation of the basal por-
tion of the blade (Fig. la). On this basis, then, the section Stenosolen, more
highly evolved in respect to floral characters, possesses the more primitive petal
form. There is possible, however, an alternative hypothesis, that its subsessile
or sessile petal may have evolved by the progressive abbreviation of the claw
(Fig. le). If the latter could be demonstrated, the species of this section might
be looked upon as the most advanced in all their floral characters.
In regard to developmental trends in the vegetative system, there is rather
clearly a progressive reduction in the number of pairs of leaflets per leaf, which
trend is more or less correlated with advancement in the flower. The more primi-
tive species of both sections have multijugate leaves, but each of the lines within
the sections is culminated by unijugate species.
The diagram of relationships (Fig. 2) is a graphic representation of the fore-
going conclusions; the sole intent here is to indicate specific interrelationships.
That is, a line in the diagram from one species to another does not necessarily
imply that the writer believes the one species has given rise to the other.
Literature Cited
Amshoff, G. J. H. 1948. Caesalpiniaceae [of Guiana]. In: Maguire, 5. et al. Plant explora-
tion in Guiana in 1944, chiefly to the Tafelberg and the Kaieteur Plateau: IV.
Bull. Torrey Club 75:387-392.
Aublet, J. 1775. Histoire des plantes de la guiane francoise 1:25=30;2:pl. 7-9.
Bentham, G. 1870. Caesalpinioideae. In: Martius, Flora brasiliensis 15(2):217-224.
Britton, N. L. & Killip, E. P. 1936. Mimosaceae and Caesalpinaceae of Colombia. Ann.
N. Y. Acad. 35:166.
Ducke, A. 1941. Revision of the Macrolobium species of the Amazonian Hylaea. Trop,
Woods 65:21-31.
Kuntze, O. 1891. Revisio generum plantarum 1:213.
Lanjouw, J. & Stafleu, F. A. 1952. Regnum vegetabile: Index herbariorum, part 1. Int.
Bur. Pl. Tax. and Nomencl., Utrecht, Netherlands.
Pittier, H. 1941. Especies venezolanas de Macrolobium. Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat.
72138145.
Taubert, P. 1891. Zur nomenclatur einiger genera und species der Leguminosen. Bot.
Centralbl. 47:393-394.
266 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
i
i
: I
<é
ais
a4
M. pendulum aig M. pittieri
rare
M.saovannarum ws
M-parvifolium oi”
M. palustre we
M.stenopetalum yi= M. archerii
M. suaveolens NO
iu
In
i
M.amplexans -
|
Siento M. obtusum
i
M.duckeanum !
I
1
i
M. retusum ; M. floridum
I
M. angustifolium -
1
M. punctatum ;
M. latifoli
M_klugii renee fi M.modicopetalum
M.canaliculatum 3
4
M.bifolium fe
M.limbatum wf M. stenocladum
- J M.ischnocal yx
M.guianensis
M. urupaense
M.montanum
M.microcalyx
M. trinitense
M.campestre
M. stenosiphon
M.multijugum Q
5 4
4 M.colombianum
M. discolor Ss
= ”
M. jenmoni g
4
M.molle =§
M. acaciaefolium
M. furcatum
X
M.longeracemosum oe
se
2
M.flexuosum =
—E
“
" M. longipedicellatum v
Pa gip > 3
af pee
: WY s
M.huberianum M. venulosum iy
Y
M. f roesii
M. machaerioides Mibrevense |
—-
M. gracile
M.toaxifolium
2
— www wwe ee eS ww mM Bw me ewe wm em wm Be BP MP me ew ewe ee ew ew BO eB eee em ew ew we ee ww em ew eww ew ewe ewe ewe ew we ew ee eee =
FIG. 2. Diagram of putative relationships within the genus Macrolobium.
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 267
SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT
Macrolobium Schreb. Gen. Pl. 1:30. 1789. (Nomen conservandum.)
Vouapa Aublet, Hist. Pl. Gui. Frang. 1:25-28. 1775.
Outea Aublet, Hist. Pl. Gui. Frang. 1:28-30. 1775.
Kruegeria Scopoli, Introd. 314. 1777.
Vuapa J. St.-Hil. Expos. Fam. 2:203. 1805.
Utea J. St.-Hil. Expos. Fam. 2:203. 1805.
Pseudovouapa Britton & Killip, Ann. N. Y. Acad. 35:166. 1936.
Small shrubs to large trees. Stipules persistent or more frequently caducous,
sometimes foliaceous. Leaves petiolate, 1-45-jugate, paripinnate or pseudo-im-
paripinnate. Leaflets opposite, inequilateral or infrequently equilateral, petiolules
sometimes present; very diverse in size and form, sometimes punctate on the
lower surface. Inflorescence racemose, rarely with short racemose branchlets,
sessile or pedunculate; bracts usually caducous, diverse in size and form, often
minute; bracteoles at the summit of the pedicels encasing the flower before an-
thesis, finally opening completely, or only partially on the adaxial side of the
flower. Hypanthium sessile or stipitate, cupular to narrowly cylindric. Sepals four
or five, sometimes the adaxial pair of different size and form from the others and
free or united laterally to a greater or lesser extent. Petal one, stipitate or ses-
ile, the blade orbicular, transversely or longitudinally oval, elliptic, or oblanceo-
late. Stamens three, the filaments filiform, the anthers versatile, dehiscing longi-
tudinally, the pollen grains three-lobed. Stigma simple to capitate. Style long-
filiform. Ovary 1-8-ovulate, the gynophore inserted at the base of or on the ad-
axial wall of the hypanthium. Fruzt dehiscent or indehiscent, oval or orbicular to
oblong, 1-few-seeded.
TYPE Species: Macrolobium bifolium (Aubl.) Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 39. 1805.
Key to the Sections of Macrolobium
1. Hypanthium cupular (short-cylindric in M. taxifolium), about as long as or
slightly longer than broad; bracteoles opening equally on both sides of
the flower; sepals four or five, variable in shape and size; petal with a
claw about as long as the blade. Sect. 1. Vouapa
1. Hypanthium cylindric, many times longer than broad; bracteoles usually
opening completely on the abaxial side of the flower but only partially
on the adaxial side; sepals always four, about equal in size and shape;
petal sessile or with a claw much shorter than the blade. Sect. 2. Stenosolen
Macrolobium Section 1. Vouapa (Aubl.) Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15(2): 218. 1870.
Bracteoles opening completely on both sides of the flower; hypanthium cupular
(short-cylindric in M. taxifolium); sepals four or five, usually unequal in shape
and/or size; petal obviously clawed; gynophore inserted at any point from the
base to the apex of the adaxial wall of the hypanthium.
TYPE Species: Macrolobium bifolium (Aubl.) Pers. (which is also the generic
type).
Key to the Species of Section 1. Vouapa
a eR aa Ria a's Ah celnlaves a chins ps «)b0,0 0,ch0.0,b ee espe ss ie bs 8 2%
1. Leaves unijugate (some leaves bijugate in M. palustre and very rarely in M. punc-
CL) ae RE Se RS CE ee eee ew ee ey eee ee 31.
2. Leaflets with petiolules 2. no mm. long, ovate to lanceolate, the base equilateral;
bracts 5.5-12 mm. long, lanceolate and acuminate. .......eceee0e 21. M. campestre.
2. Leaflets sessile, variously shaped, the base inequilateral; bracts smaller, variously
OE ee ee phe teees out tatend 6.Siim ee ee 1 RIS Se Eee ce
3. Leaves 2-G-jugate. ....... iii. Bolin ‘Oe Sy ACRE a ee i ee 4.
SE EE ELIS SE A ED ee Ee ee ee 12:
268 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
4. Ovary glabrous on all surfaces. .....cececcees dea a bec wo uie:s 6a Wat ge eae ee
4, Ovary sparsely to dehsely pubescent on margins or on all surfaces. ......-. b sie te ale
5. Peduncle (10—)15-25(-55) mm. long; leaflets strongly punctate on lower surface. .....
aithje ta SC wet etre pei atte wie elena et ane eae ol tieie Vale Bate eee Sra Porte 16. M. multijugum.
Peduncle 1.5-9 mm. long; leaflets epunctite.” sist -os ps bp ease e eee ap die wins «ora amet
Leaves 5-7-jugate; bracteoles glabrous; filaments 25-35 mm. long, strongly villose. ..
mis. "asthenia ras salen a roetaln ai tates teal Pe te eb rar ye coccsceccseose 19. M. urupaense.
Leaves 2=3-jugate; bracteoles pubescent on one or both surfaces; filaments 10-20 mm.
long, villosulose basally or glabrous. ..c.cccccceddcsaccanes pean) ate Me WOnnIIEM.
Cm
-
7. Ovary villose on all surfaces; sepals free, strongly dimorphic, the adaxial pair smaller
and of a different shape from the others. .....ccsecsceccces cocne Lie M. MOEA =.
7. Ovary more or less pubescent on the margins only; sepals variable, sometimes dimor-
phic, “itee"or unten: sss oe gee nea cereale WSS inte rahe cess cts ness redteeeyameees
8. Leaflets distinctly punctate om lower surface. © <...c:ci tis) dbs osc le'e winlelulsie bk 5s a
8. Leaflets epunctates .s..c0ces ais gl wags peu eney ae PETE CTS) aks eer
9. Leaflets oblong to oblong-obovate; peduncles 9-55 mm. long; fruit 3-—7.5 cm. long, 3-5
Ci. WIGE., «0 sys Saigo wit alata a dis Se ia ga eee a.nd bo Oe ina Reap pte 5a: ce cmdane eee
9. Leaflets lanceolate; peduncles 2-3 mm. long; fruit 12.5-15.5 cm. long, 7.5-9 cm. wide.
dove gC tu vst baw eee ois ode c cee Gow eas oe plese ee cas Ue ewe aletle cele uh a aman enn
10. Leaflets velvety-puberulous on the upper surface, pilose beneath; inflorescence pi-
lost OSE uy 5.0! peeeuio ays wate bsg vay neil aba -aiay eet Se eee eee obin gba as, 2 aputee eo ee
10. Leaflets glabrous or more often puberulous in a small area at base of costa; inflores-
cence glabrous or minutely puberulous. ........ 2 see cacesbaewe. LOs Me MRI Ea meIEe,
11. Leaflets oval to elliptic, in two pairs, concolorous; inflorescence axis glabrous; stip-
ules persistent, © ..0 odds cic Fa. ¥e oles 6 WES 0.2% bine a vie CaO Rin ole alae nated eee
11. Leaflets oblong, oblong-oval or oblong-obovate, in 3-7 pairs, lower surfaces strongly
PIAOCOUSS 0s oan sis ebe ee ne ee aia Wieser 0.0 9.0, © bimini mip, 5 ef a Boe Neen sae | a
12. Leaves (4=)6=10-yugate.” veep cocnet oe men SP Ce ee ire
12. Leaves 10—42-jugate. ....eee. oer eea ee oecoetocndeses ks enwia's sa a> ol ety geeeee
13. Peduncle 10-55 mm. long. ........ ao acca Ginter ene ae ae «00 cs sneha Sars ages
13. Peduncle 1=6 mm. ‘Jonge i s:c.0,5-5 Je rdia Reh oie chin Blewe 0006 phe wines wi iaTk ieee eee
14. Leaflets velvety-puberulous on the upper surface,.pilose beneath, entire, involute nar-
rowly; inflorescence pilosplose. th jos vemaecinth amuses aman ane 6 oes om Sete, POEs
14. Leaflets glabrous or with few minute hairs beneath at base of costa, entire or sinuate,
plane; inflorescence glabrous or minutely puberulous. ...........- 16. M. multijugum
15. Ovary glabrous; bracteoles glabrous or with a few apical hairs externally. ....... 16.
15. Ovary pubescent throughout or only marginally; bracteoles pubescent on both surfaces
Gr only ‘on outer sutfaces ss 00.0 < nae cman cevecenveceuds.0 5 ad pc i oe eee
16. Leaves 5-7-jugate, leaflets about twice as long as wide; filaments villose for half or
more of their length, 25-35 mm. long. .....ecccrccccsceaaneeseoe es ctor ne r~Cwaes
16. Leaves 10-14-jugate, the leaflets about three times as long as wide; filaments gla-
brous, about 15 mm. longs [27 o. cect cee weet cee se bate veces cea t ciie smn emcees
17. Inflorescence terminal; gynophore inserted at or near apex of dorsal wall of hypan-
thium; leaves never over 7-jugate, strongly glaucous beneath. .......15. M. discolor.
17. Inflorescences axillary; gynophore inserted at base of hypanthium; leaves 10-16-ju-
gate, not strongly glaucous, beneath. ,. i.ieicienicgis0s msds peee > die we) bel ene
18. Leaves 10-30-jugate (to 40-jugate in M. gracile var. confertum but this with densely
pilosulose ovary marginally, much smaller bracts than in following species), leaflets
plane‘or only very slightly convex; hypanthium cupular. .........ccccccessccese 19.
18. Leaves 35—45-jugate, each leaflet strongly convex; hypanthium short-cylindric. ......
du ¥.0\0's o 0.0'w 60:0) 8oiuiiurelelp aveteiachs'etote Goc.e)W inn etw'e ie. fetal pe aim va oi ele sacra ieee oan
Stipules persistent or caducous; pedicels averaging about 6 mm. long (4-8 mm.); brac-
teoles: glabrous. siege pa 6 Se cipthp-0in@lcinlin’ ainjalo.agmetb apaiaue eiu/ shoe ale ate ela aae ae
19. Stipules caducous; pedicels shorter; bracteoles pubescent on both surfaces or only on
outer surface (sparingly pubescent apically in M. furcatum). ...cccccccscscccsee 21
20. Stipules caducous; leaves elliptic or lanceolate, the leaflets truncate at apex, retuse
to emarginate; bracts 8 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide. .........+-- 6. M. longi-pedicellatum.
20. Stipules persistent; leaves oblong to lance-oblong, the leaflets rotund apically, entire
or subentire; bracts 3.5-5.5 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide. .........5. 5. M. buberianum.
21. Bracteoles glabrous on inner surface, usually pubescent on outer surface; filaments
glabrous; fruit about one and a half times as long as wide (three to four times in M.
longeraceMOSUM). vee cscs 0.0 c'0's algae € 8s oie t daiee cua cagelen eo eielete ai a eee
21. Bracteoles pubescent on both surfaces (in M. venulosum only on inner surface near
apex), pubescence on the two surfaces usually of different types; filaments villosulose
19
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 269
22.
22.
23.
23.
24
24.
25
25.
26.
26.
Dds
27.
28.
28.
29.
29.
30.
30.
31.
31.
32.
32.
33.
33.
34.
34.
35.
35.
36.
36.
in lower part (glabrous in M. froesii); fruit two and one half to three and one half times
a a Reg Saeco Spl boise p:© cid Mb VP a op ejelt nc deans Gee bee's 24s
Peduncles 4-6 mm. long; leaves 11-14-jugate, leaflets oval-oblong, the pairs 8-12 mm.
pert Siaat Sesertia tly pla brows ac ve cinco 8 ovsis.e colonics sce v se vsiowcws» 12: M. farcatum.
Péduncles 0-4 mm. long, densely pilosulose, bracts pubescent on outer surface; ovary
pilosulose marginally; branchlets densely pilosulose to glabrous; leaves commonly 15=-
25-jugate, the leaflets oblong, the pairs 4-8 mm. apart, usually pubescent on costa on
lower surface but sometimes glabrous. .......eeeeeescees ele etna aly pind acts ate ae
Costa of leaflets distinctly salient on both surfaces, venules prominent on upper sur-
face; bracteoles and pedicels lanulose-puberulous; fruit about three to four times as
ee een er one Sigh i so kueise Meee'ss was oS + ~a:d Me hongerdcemosum.
Costa impressed on upper surface of leaflets, salient beneath, venules obscure; brac-
teoles and pedicels pilosulose; fruit about one and a half times as long as wide. .....
eR Se ital bua alate ninlarnio-ovsietad ae dais d iam plas a-clemmetee sO» Mi acaciaefoliam.
Leaves 10-16-jugate, pairs of leaflets 9-20 mm. apart, the leaflets with many closely
parallel veins prominent on both sides, the median leaflets of mature leaves about 4
ee ee ein pagremak apatine tes he ee oye 26 a aes Mt { eKROSam.
Leaves 10-40-jugate, pairs of leaflets 2-10 mm. apart, the leaflets with obscure veins
of sometimes prominulous on one or both surfaces but then not closely parallel, median
leaflets of mature leaves usually less than 2.5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide. ........... 25.
enna ke Es | ahaa hee |a’oin ce wip ere i kysid we tdee Tepid d o Ree ep eines 26s
Inflorescences usually less than 2 cm. in length. ........eeeeeee000- 2.M. gracile.
Inflorescence pilosulose, the bracteoles flexuose-pilosulose and pilose on outer sur-
face; costa of leaflets strongly salient on upper surface. ........... 4. M. brevense.
Inflorescence puberulous, the bracteoles puberulous or short-pilosulose and puberulous
on outer surface; costa of leaflets plane or impressed on upper surface (salient in M.
gracile variety machadoense, but this with strongly lanceolate leaves). .......2. 27.
ERS ENG y' oy sgh os us oS e's WO paw vdig bsleleisivioe sles o's 0% site awe Bore 30.
Leaflets rotund at apex. eoeeseeeeeeeeneeeneeeeneeeeeeneeeetee ES lenavauerd ag arabian es dire te
Leaflets two to three times as long as wide, not tapering toward the emarginate or re-
i es nd 5 cles ue es 4 oe te ok wels po uaelteg Wee bu pee itieie eae s taiewe 29.
Leaflets four to six times as long as wide, tapering toward the entire or slightly retuse
een eC set el Sls ume dns bees keen eg eee sees see 0s ee ewe wide Megnicie.
Upper side of leaflet base strongly angular-auriculate, the apex strongly emarginate;
sepals 1.5=2.5 mm. long, acute; filaments villosulose; ovary villose marginally .....
a ee ies ahead saath hood Ug es ees ww p's 9 p's eeeceeese 3. M. machaerioides.
Upper side of leaflet base not auriculate, the apex weakly retuse; sepals 3.5 mm. long,
acuminate; filaments glabrous; ovary pilosulose marginally. .......... 9. M. froesii.
Large shrub or small tree to 5 m. tall with branchlets, rachis, petioles and carpophores
puberulous; leaves oblong, the leaflets in 13—17 pairs, 6-7 mm. apart, the costa plane
OME De iis Gib iaulalg Wie Gain lela © Bide web ne vis eielee eee ver 10. .M. :-venulosen.
Tree 20 m. tall with branchlets, lower surface of rachis, and carpophores pilosulose;
leaves strongly lanceolate, the leaflets in 20-24 pairs, 3—5 mm. apart, the costa sali-
ee eR eS ey oe Oe ee 2. M. gracile.
Leaflets with well-developed intramarginal nerves. .....cccccccccccccccesccese Bde
Peete Seo OCS AMAIA LSINEL NELYESS. caiais 0cau oid 0's ine e's ¥jeiaie'
saa 2 sw oxaiw a ip'tw' wu w Slazelain ale o cibiee's 0 Doe's SCeyisioeaeees. 35¢
eet GR ey ONG LIN SE iis wag onesies ooo Wes
1, Inflotescences 2,5=675 ctns Long iigis09o 3 See's oka eeen wt tran ecaies Dae aaa a0 ALS y. ae
2. Apex of leaflets rotund, entire to retuse, usually much narrower than the base, the me-
dian leaflets of mature leaves four to six times as long as wide, the costa plane to im-
pressed on upper surface; leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate; mature fruit 5.5-8 cm.
long, 2.5=3°Gms Wides 2 Sais Sisls va cine ols 6 0 dt ng Ss Oe eine 2a. var. confertum.
2. Apex of leaflets truncate, strongly emarginate, not appreciably narrower than base, the
median leaflets of mature leaves about two to three times as long as wide, the costa
salient on upper surface; leaves lanceolate; immature fruit 11-11.5 cm. long, 3.5 cm.
WEE. dine. «cain eiahd'e le ago ace e opis Rie Gha eee oo i aeenale ate sieNeiate: em ace 2b. var. machadoense.
3. Leaves 20—30-jugate; median leaflets of mature leaves four or more times as long as
wide, glabrous, or sparsely pubescent on costa and base of blade, the apices distinctly
IMUCTONALE <. So a w dipWiaia.win', 0's = alan <)n/h ecirgalee bye ch ale Se See an 2c. var. debile.
3. Leaves (10~)15(-—20)-jugate; median leaflets of mature leaves usually about three times
as long as wide, the upper surface usually pilosulose, the lower pilose, the apices
minutely apleniace.) 5 ya5'e 0 a's-ble ale b's « ohal 0 «oi ela ale teas Wie ae ae 2d. var. gracile.
2a. Macrolobium gracile var. confertum (Gleason) Cowan, comb. nov. Figure 3.
Macrolobium confertum Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 58: 371. 1931.
Low tree with spreading, flat-topped crown, 5-7 m. tall, the branchlets densely
pilosulose. Stipules 6-14 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, caducous or persisting one sea-
son, acuminate. Petioles (2-)3(-6) mm. long. Leaf blades oblong to oblong-lan-
ceolate, (14-)18-30(-40)-jugate, the pairs of leaflets (3-)4(-G) mm. apart; rachis
(5~)8-10(-13.5) cm. long, pilosulose but sparingly so on the lower surface of the
Marrow erect wings, densely so above. Leaflets (4-)6-15(-28) mm. long, (1-)2-
4(-6) mm. wide, linear, the base obtuse, the apex rotund to rotund-truncate, nar-
rowing toward the entire to retuse apex, minutely apiculate, glabrous or more often
sparsely to strongly puberulous on the costa on the upper surface, the hairs often
uncinate, beneath glabrous, or sparingly pilosulose on the costa, the hairs often
subappressed or appressed, the costa plane to impressed on the upper surface. In-
florescence (2.5-)3=5(-6.5) cm. long; bracts 2.5-3 mm. long, 1-2.5 mm. wide;
pedicels (1-)2(-3) mm. long; bracteoles (5.5-)6-7 mm. long, 2.5-4 mm. wide, ob-
long to lanceolate, acute to acuminate, puberulous externally, villosulose within,
at least in the upper half. Sepals 1.5-4.5 mm. long, 0.5-2 mm. wide, lanceolate,
acute to,caudate-acuminate. Petal blade (3.5-)4(-7.5) mm. long, (3.5-)5(-8.5) mm.
wide, the claw (4-)5(-G6) mm. long, the petal villosulose over the entire outer sur-
face or only at the base, villosulose within, sometimes sparsely so. Filaments
(16-)20(-27.5) mm. long. Style 15.5~22 mm. long, villosulose basally. Ovary ob-
long, villose marginally; gynophore villosulose, inserted near the apex of the ad-
axial wall of the hypanthium. Fruit 5.5-8 cm. long, 2.5-3 cm. wide, oblong to ob-
long-obovate or oblong-oblanceolate, glabrous or with few scattered hairs on the
margins, the carpophores 4-6 mm. long, pilosulose. Seeds about 1.5 cm. long, 1
cm. wide, oval, the testa membranous, venose.
Type Collection: G. H. H..Tate 375, **slopes of Mt. Duida, 750',’’ Awioaeae
Venezuela, Nov. 1928 (HOLOTYPE NY).
Additional Specimens: VENEZUELA: Cano Asisa near Serrania Paru, Feb. 1951,
Cowan & Wurdack 31523 (K, NY, US, VEN), 31526 (F, G, K, MO, NY, US, VEN); western
foothills Serra Imeri, near Salto de Hua, Nov.-Dec. 1930, Holt & Blake 482 (A, NY, US,
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM. 275
VEN); banks of Rio Cunucunuma above Playa Alta, Nov. 1950, Maguire, Cowan & Wurdack
29496 (F, NY), 29505 (NY, US, VEN); Culebra, Rio Cunucunuma, Dec. 1950, Maguire,
Cowan & Wurdack 30357 (K, NY, US), 30362 (B, BM, F, G, GH, IAN, K, LE, MO, NY, P,
RB, S, U, UC, US, VEN); Rio Cuao, Nov. 1948, Maguire & Politi 27383 (FHO, NY, TH.
WTU),°27447 (F, G, GH, IAN, K, MO, NY, P, RB, U, US, VEN); Rio Cuao, Jan. 1949, Ma-
guire & Politi 28526 (A, BPI, MICH, NY); forest along Cano Negro, southeastern base of
Cerro Duida, alt. 225 m., Aug. 1944, Steyermark 57940 (F, MO, VEN).
2b. Macrolobium gracile var. machadoense Cowan, var. nov. Figure 3.
Arbor 20 m. alta,6 cm. diametro, ramulis dense pilosulis. Stipulae 4.5-5.5 mm.
longae, 0.5 mm. latae. Petiolus 2-3 mm. longus, canaliculatus, pilosulus. Foli-
orum lamina lanceolata, 20-25-jugata; rachibus 5.5-9 cm. longis, supra uncinato-
puberulis, infra sparse pilosulis ad glabris. Foliola 2-15 mm. longa, 1-5 mm. lata,
oblonga, ad basim inaequilateralia, ad apicem truncata, emarginata, minute apicu-
lata, supra in costa puberula, infra plus minusve pilosula, costa ambobus lateribus
salienti, venulis obscuris. Inflorescentiae 4.5-5 cm. longae, axe puberulo, flos
ignotus. Fructus immaturus 11-11.5 cm. longus, oblongus, apicem versus latior,
carpophoro 5 mm. longo, pilosulo.
Type Collection: B. A. Krukoff 1350, ‘‘upper Machado River, near Tabajara,”’
Matto Grosso, Brazil, Nov.-Dec. 1931 (HOLOTYPE NY, isotypes A, F, G, MO,
P, U, UC). Known only from the type collection.
2c. Macrolobium gracile var. debile (Ducke) Cowan, comb. nov. Figure 3.
Macrolobium debile Ducke, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris II. 4: 729. 1932.
Shrub or small tree with pilosulose branchlets. Petioles 2-3 mm. long. Leaf
blades elliptic-oblong, (16-)20-30-jugate, the pairs of leaflets 2-5 mm. apart;
rachis 5-14 cm. long, the wings ciliate, the axis pilosulose sparingly. Leaflets
5-20 mm. long, 1-5 mm. wide, linear, the upper side of the base subcordate, the
lower side obtuse, the apex rotund, entire, mucronate, the upper surface glabrous
or very sparsely puberulous on the blade, the costa sparsely puberulous at least
at the base, the lower surface glabrous to pilosulose on the costa and on the api-
cal half of the blade. Inflorescences 1-1.5 cm. long; bracts 2.5 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide, triangular-lanceolate; bracteoles elliptic, 5-6 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. wide,
the outer surface puberulous, pilose within. Sepals 1.5-3 mm. long, 0.5-1.5 mm.
wide. Petal blade 3.5 mm. long, about 5 mm. wide, the claw 4.5-5 mm. long. Fila-
ments 17-19.5 mm. long. Style 18-19.5 mm. long, villosulose basally. Ovary ob-
long, villose marginally, the gynophore 2 mm. long, villosulose, inserted about
midway on the adaxial wall of the hypanthium. Fruit unknown.
LECTOTYPE: A. Ducke 20318 (flowering portion), ‘tad Cachoeira do Mindu,
Manaos,’’ Amazonas, Brazil, Oct. 1927 (deposited RB, isolectotypes F-frag., G,
P, U, US). The fruiting portion of this collection, collected in November of the
same year and in the same locality, appears to be somewhat intermediate between
var. debile and the typical variety, which it most closely resembles. It does
not have the entire, mucronate leaflet apices of var. debile and the distribution
of the pubescence is much nearer that of the typical form. A lectotype has been
chosen in this case because under the International Code of Botanical Nomencla-
ture it is not permissible that a type be composed of more than a single collection.
Additional Specimens: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Cachoeira do Mindu, Manaos, Aug. 1935,
Ducke 14 (A, F, IAN, MO, NY, US); ad Cachoeira do Mindu, Manaos, Nov. 1927, Ducke
203 18 (fruiting) (G, P, RB, U).
2d. Macrolobium gracile var. gracile- Figure 3.
Vouapa gracilis (Spruce ex Benth.) Taub. Bot. Centralbl. 47: 393. 1891.
Vuapa gracilis (Spruce ex Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 213. 1891.
Macrolobium tenue Ducke, Bol. Tec. Inst. Agron. Norte [Belem] 2: 13. 1944.
276 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
Slender tree 4-18 m. tall, the branchlets pilose. Stipules (3-)5-6 mm. long,
0.5 mm. wide, subulate, ciliolate. Petioles 1.5-3 mm. long. Leaf blades oblong or
oblong-lanceolate, (10-)15(—20)-jugate, the pairs (2=-)5(-8) mm. apart; rachis (4-)
8(-11.5) cm. long, pilosulose. Leaflets (4-)10-11(-22) mm. long, (2=-)3(-8) mm.
wide, oblong, the upper side of the base subcordate to cordate, the lower side
acute, the apex rotund or rotund-truncate, retuse to emarginate, usually minutely
apiculate; upper surface usually generally pilosulose, or pubescent only at the
base and on the costa, or rarely completely glabrous, beneath generally pilose
with the apical-lateral surface of the costa more densely pubescent, sometimes
pubescent only on the upper half of the blade and the costa. Inflorescences 1-2
cm. long; bracts 1.5-2.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, triangular-lanceolate or triangular;
pedicels 1-3 mm. long; bracteoles oblanceolate, elliptic, or oblong, (5-)6.5=7.5
mm. long, (2—)2.5-3 mm. wide, acute to acuminate, pilosulose on the outer surface,
pilose within, sometimes sparingly so. Sepals somewhat dimorphic, the adaxial
pair triangular to lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm. long, 0.5-0.8 mm. wide, the others 2=3.5
mm. long, 1 mm. wide, lanceolate. Petal blade 2.5-4 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide,
transversely oval to orbicular. Filaments 15-20 mm. long, villosulose basally.
Style 16.5-18 mm. long, villosulose basally. Ovary fusiform, villose marginally,
the gynophore 2-3 mm. long, villose, inserted at the base of the hypanthium. Fruit
(immature) 5.5-8 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, oblong-obovate, sparingly pilose mar-
ginally, the carpophores (8-)11-16 mm. long, sparingly pilose.
LECTOTYPE: R. Spruce 2659 (flowering portion), near ‘‘Panure,’’ Rio Uaupés,
Brazil, Oct. 1852 (deposited K, isolectotypes G, GH, NY, P, US, W). Since a type
was not designated by the original author, one of the two collections cited by him
has been chosen as the lectotype collection. Even the lectotype sheet bears ma-
terial of two collections and the flowering portion alone is designated as the lec-
totype. The fruiting material is considered to be the same as the flowering and
was collected in January 1853 in the same locality.
Additional Specimens: BRAZIL: Amazonas: upper Rio Negro, Camanaos, Sept. 1935,
Ducke 33 (A, F, MO, NY, US); circa Cachoeira do Mindu, Manaos, Dec. 1941, Ducke 855
(F, IAN, MO, NY, US); Esperanga, ad ostium flum. Javary, March 1942, Ducke 1025 (type
colecan of M. tenue Ducke) (IAN, MO, NY, RB, US); Sao Paulo de Olivenca, April 1944,
Ducke 2093 (IAN); super Rio Negro, aaa Nov. 1932, Ducke (H.].B. R. No.) 25297
(RB, U, US); on plateau between Rio Livramento and Rio Ipixana, Municip. Humayta, Nov.
1934, Krukoff 7197 (A, F, MO, NY, U, US); ad flum. Casiquiari, Vasiva et Pacimoni, 1853-
54, Spruce 3410 (F, GH, MO, NY, P, US, W). PERU: Dombey s.n. (P). VENEZUELA: San
Carlos de Rio Negro, Amazonas, March 1942, Williams 14630 (F, US, VEN).
Vernacular Name: ‘‘cipoal’’ (Brazil).
Of the specimens cited, Ducke 1025 should receive some special attention,
since itis the type collection number of M. tenue Ducke. It has been included in
the typical variety in spite of some differences between it and the remainder of
the material. However, these differences are so minute and apparently insignifi-
cant that there appears to be no point in recognizing this variant as a distinct
taxon of any category. The rachis of the leaves is puberulous on the upper sur-
face instead of pilosulcse, the bracts oblong-ovate instead of more or less tri-
angular, and the pubescence of the bracteoles and of the ovary margins is some-
what shorter. Considering the rather variable nature of these characters in this
species, it is impossible to maintain M. tenue even as a variety. |
Macrolobium gracile is a rather polymorphic species, but the diversity in its
characters is not insoluble. It differs from M. brevense, its nearest relative, by
the pilosulose inflorescences, flexuose-pilosulose and pilose outer surfaces of
the bracteoles of the latter. The costa of M. brevense is strongly salient on the
upper surface, which is not true of M. gracile except in its var. machadoense and
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 077
the latter has a strongly lanceolate leaf outline. Both vars. machadoense and con-
fertum have inflorescences which are longer than those of the other two varieties
and similar in length to those of M. brevense. There are a number of other more
distant relatives of the species under discussion, which appear to have diverged
from the main multijugate line of relationship and which are related to M. gracile
through M. brevense.
There are four moderately well-marked varieties comprising the species. Var.
debile and the typical variety are at once distinguishable from the others by their
very short, insignificant, few-flowered inflorescences. Var. debile is separable
from the other one by the leaflet aptces and the proportions and numbers of the
leaflets. The characters separating the other two varieties from each other are of
the same nature. The leaflets of var. confertum are narrower in proportion to their
length than in the other variety; the leaflet costa is plane to impressed on the
upper surface, as opposed to strongly salient; the leaflet apices are rotund, en-
tire to retuse and are distinctly narrower than their bases, in contrast to the trun-
cate, emarginate apices of the oblong leaflets of its relative; and the leaves are
oblong-lanceolate, as opposed to the lanceolate ones of var. machadoense. Also,
the fruit of the latter is much longer than that of its relative.
3. Macrolobium machaerioides Killip & Macbr. Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 13(3): 139.
1943. Figure 3.
Small tree 2-12 m. tall, the branchlets sparingly pilosulose, sometimes also
densely uncinate-puberulous. Stipules 5.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, subulate-linear,
ciliolate. Petioles 2.5-3.5 mm. long, canaliculate, pilosulose. Leaf blades lan-
ceolate-oblong, 13-21-jugate, the pairs of leaflets 3.5-8 mm. apart; rachis 6.5-
14.5 cm. long, above with numerous uncinate hairs on the wing margins and on the
axis, below more or less pilosulose. Leaflets 5-25 mm. long, 2-9 mm. wide, ob-
long, the base inequilateral, the upper side strongly angular-auriculate, the apex
strongly emarginate, the upper surface uncinate-puberulous on the costa, other-
wise glabrous, beneath strongly pruinose and glabrous or pilose on and along the
costa, the latter plane to impressed above, salient beneath, the venules obscure.
Inflorescences 1.5-3 cm. long, the axis minutely puberulous, the peduncles 1-2
mm. long; bracts 1.5-2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, triangular, acute, ciliolate, glab-
rous or sparsely puberulous within at the base, puberulous externally; pedicels
1-2 mm. long, puberulous; bracteoles 4-5 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. wide, oblong, ex-
ternally short-pilosulose and puberulous, within villose. Hypanthium 1 mm. long,
sessile, glabrous. Sepals five, 1.5-2.5 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, the adaxial
pair triangular to triangular-lanceolate, sometimes partly united, the others oblong
to lanceolate, acute or obtuse, glabrous. Petal blade 3-4 mm. long, 4.5-5 mm.
wide, oval transversely, the claw 4 mm. long, more or less auriculate basally,
villosulose on the claw externally and sometimes upon the back of the blade, vil-
losulose within on the claw and up to the center of the blade, ciliolate at the
base of the claw. Filaments 13-16 mm. long, villose throughout most of length.
Stigma capitellate. Style 15 mm. long, villosulose basally. Ovary 1.5 mm. long, 1
mm. wide, oval, villose marginally, the lateral surfaces glabrous, 2-ovulate, the
gynophore 2=2.5 mm. long, villose, inserted at the base of the hypanthium. Fruit
unknown.
Type Collection: G. Klug 547, ‘‘Mishuyacu, near Iquitos,’’ 100 m., Dept. Lo-
reto, Peru, Oct.-Nov. 1929 (HOLOTYPE US, isotypes F-frag., NY).
Additional Specimens: Maranon River from Iquitos to the mouth of the Rio Santiago at
Pongo de Manseriche, ca. 77° 30° West, Peru, 1924, Tessmann 4157 (G, NY).
There can be little doubt of the relationship of this species to the M. gracile
complex. As was mentioned above, there are a number of species which are re-
278 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
lated to the latter species with M. brevense as an intermediate relative. M. mach-
aerioides, however, appears to be much more intimately related to M. gracile and
probably had its origin independently of the other more remotely related species.
It is most easily recognized by the angular-auriculate upper side of the leaflet
base and by the strongly emarginate leaflet apices.
4, Macrolobium brevense Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4: 50. 1925. Fig-
ure 3,
Large tree 20-30 m. tall, the branchlets pilose and puberulous. Stipules 4.5
mm. long, caducous, subulate, acuminate, ciliolate. Petioles 2-4 mm. long, pilose
or pilosulose. Leaf blades elliptic-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 18-27-jugate, the
pairs of leaflets 3-6 mm. apart; rachis 5.5-11.5 cm. long, the wings ciliolate,
sparsely pilosulose on the upper surface, glabrous beneath, the axis uncinate-
puberulous on the upper surface, sparingly pilosulose or glabrous beneath. Leaf-
lets (1.5-)5-20 mm. long, 1-7 mm. wide, the upper ones minute, oblong, the base
inequilateral, the upper side obtuse to cordate, the lower side subobtuse, the apex
rotund, emarginate, minutely apiculate; upper surface glabrous except for arcuate
or uncinate hairs on the costa, beneath glabrous or the costa with very few hairs;
costa strongly salient, the venules obscure on the upper surface, subprominulous
beneath. Inflorescences 2-5.5 cm. long, the axis densely short-pilosulose, the
peduncle 2-3 mm. long; bracts 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, caducous, triangular,
acute, glabrous within, pilosulose externally; pedicels 1.5-3 mm. long; bracteoles
5-5.5 mm. long, 2.53.5 mm. wide, oblong or oblong-obovate, subappressed flexu-
ose-pilosulose and pilose on the outer surface, villose within. Hypanthium 1.5 mm.
long, sessile, glabrous or sometimes with few hairs. Sepals five, 1.5-3 mm. long,
1-1.5 mm. wide, triangular-lanceolate, ciliate apically. Petal blade 4-5 mm. long,
3-4.5 mm. wide, orbicular, the claw 4.5-7.5 mm. long, glabrous within, villosulose
externally. Filaments about 12 mm. long, villosulose in the lower part. Stigma
simple or subcapitellate. Style about 15 mm. long, pilosulose basally. Ovary 2-
2.5 mm. iong, 1-1.5 mm. wide, oblong to oblong-oblanceolate, 3-4-ovulate, mar-
ginally pilose, the lateral surfaces glabrous, the gynophore 2.5 mm. long, pilose,
inserted at the base of the hypanthium. Fruit (submature) 13.5 cm. long, 4-4.5 cm.
wide, oblong, glabrous, the carpophores about 10 mm. long, glabrous.
LECTOTYPE: A. Ducke (H.].B.R. No.) 16946 (flowering portion), ‘*Breves,
aestuario amazonico, civ. Para, silva primaria circa campinam arenosam,’’ July
1923 (deposited U, isolectotype US). The fruiting portion of this collection was
collected in the same locality but on a much earlier date, December 1922. Both
the flowering and fruiting material is considered to be representative of this
species.
The,selection of a lectotype was necessary here because Ducke, in his origi-
nal description, cited only a single collection, which under most circumstances
would be considered as the holotype. However, it really included two collections,
and the International Rules provide that in such a situation a lectotype must be
chosen.
Additional Specimens: BRAZIL: Esperanga ad ostium flum., Javary, Amazonas, Jan.
1942, Ducke 899 (F, IAN, MO, NY, US); Breves, civ. Para, Aug. 1926, Ducke (H.J.B.R.
No.) 16946-A (F-frag., G, NY, P, RB, U, US). The latter eallevrion has previously borne
the number ‘‘16946’’ which is the number of the lectotype collection. The number has been
emended to read.as shown above to avoid future confusion.
The geographic distribution of this species is rather surprising but entirely
understandable in a region so poorly known floristically. Its type locality is
Breves (from which locality the specific epithet is drawn) in the mouth of the
Amazon River and is known elsewhere only from Esperanca, Amazonas in the
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 279
upper part of the Amazon Basin. It may be safely assumed that the range of the
species is the length of the basin and simply has not been collected at stations
intermediate between the two geographic extremes.
Macrolobium brevense appears to be a phylogenetic node from which at least
two divergent lines have originated. It apparently occupies an intermediate posi-
tion between these two lines and M. gracile. It is most nearly allied to variety
machadoense of the latter species, and of the species in the two related lines of
relationship, it is undoubtedly most nearly related to M. huber1anum. From M.
gracile var. machadoense, M. brevense may be most readily separated by the shape
of the leaf blades and the pubescence of the inflorescence. It is amply distinct
from M. huberianum by the glabrous bracteoles, longer pedicels, and persistent
stipules of the latter species.
5. Macrolobium huberianum Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: 26. 1915.
Figure 3. }
Tall shrub or small tree 4-6 m. tall, 4-10 cm. in diameter, the branchlets pu-
berulous and pilosulose. Stipules 3.5-10 mm. long, 0.5-1.5 mm. wide, persistent,
subulate, linear, elliptic, or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, glabrous within, pu-
berulous externally, ciliolate. Petioles 2-4 mm. long, puberulous or pilosulose.
Leaf blades oblong or lanceolate-oblong, 10-23-jugate, the pairs of leaflets 3-7
mm. apart; rachis 4.5-9.5 cm. long, puberulous above, sometimes uncinately so,
the wings glabrous beneath but the axis puberulous or pilosulose. Leaflets 7-21
mm. long, 2.5-7 mm. wide, oblong, the base inequilateral, the upper side subcor-
date to cordate, the lower side acute to obtuse, the apex rotund, entire or very
slightly retuse, minutely apiculate; upper surface glabrous or more or less pu-
berulous on the costa, the hairs often uncinate, beneath appressed-pilosulose on
the costa, rarely also on the blade; costa slightly impressed or plane on the upper
surface, salient beneath, the venules obscure to subprominulous. Inflorescences
3-11 cm. long, the axis glabrous or pilosulose,the peduncles 2-6 mm. long; bracts
3.5-5.5 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous except for the
sparsely ciliolate margins; pedicels 3.5-8 mm. long, glabrous or puberulous; brac-
teoles 6-10 mm. long, 3-5.5 mm. wide, elliptic, glabrous. Hypanthium 2-2.5 mm.
long, glabrous or sparingly pilosulose basally, sessile or with a stipe 0.5 mm.
long. Sepals five, 2-6 mm. long, 1=2.5 mm. wide, glabrous or apically ciliate, ob-
long, oblong-elliptic, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. Petal blade 4.5-6.5 mm.
long, 4.5-8 mm. wide, orbicular to transversely oval, the claw 5-7 mm. long, au-
riculate basally, villosulose externally at the base, ciliolate on the claw, villosu-
lose within on the claw and on the costa of the blade. Filaments 20-30 mm. long,
the lower part villosulose. Stigma capitellate. Style 18-23.5 mm. long, sparsely
pilosulose at the base. Ovary 2.5-3.5 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, linear to oblance-
olate, glabrous or with a few hairs on the abaxial suture or pilosulose marginally,
3-5-ovulate, gynophore 2.5-5.5 mm. long, glabrous to pilosulose, inserted at the
apex of the adaxial wall of the hypanthium. Fruit (immature) 6-7 cm. long, 2=3.5
cm. wide, oblong to falcate, glabrous, the carpophores 8-10 mm. long, glabrous to
sparsely pilosulose, the seeds 1-2 per fruit.
Key to the Varieties of Macrolobium huberianum
1. Stipules 7.5-10 mm. long; leaves lanceolate-oblong; inflorescence axis pilosulose, pedi-
cels short-pilosulose or puberulous; sepals 5-6 mm. long, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide; ovary mar-
ginally pilosulose, lateral surfaces glabrous. ......ceeseceeeees 5a. var. pubirachis.
1. Stipules 3.5-4 mm. long; leaves oblong; inflorescence axis and pedicels glabrous; se-
pals 2—4.5 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide; ovary subglabrous with few hairs on the abaxial
con LSM Stiga SESS SSIS EY SY he et 5b. war. huberianum.
280 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
+
5a. Macrolobium huberianum var. pubirachis Amshoff, Bull. Torrey Club 75: 389.
1948. Figure 3. '
Tree 4-6 m. tall, 4-10 cm. in diameter. Stipules 7.5=10 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm.
wide, linear to elliptic or lanceolate, arcuate to falcate, acuminate. Petioles 2=3
mm. long, pilosulose. Leaf blade lanceolate-oblong, 10-19-jugate. Inflorescence
4-11 cm. long, the axis pilosulose; pedicels 4.5-8 mm. long, puberulous; brac-
teoles 8.5-10 mm. long, 4-5.5 mm. wide. Sepals 5-6 mm. long, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide.
Petal claw 6=7 mm. long. Ovary pilosulose on the margins, the lateral surfaces
glabrous. Only immature fruit known.
Type Collection: B. Maguire & D. B. Fanshawe 23507, ‘‘Kaieteur Plateau,
Potaro River below Tukeit,’’ British Guiana, May 1944 (HOLOTYPE NY, isotypes
F, MO, U, US).
Additional Specimens: BRITISH GUIANA: Potaro R., below Tukeit, June 1944, Fan-
shawe 1945 (F.D. 4681) and May 1944, Fanshawe 1954 (F.D. 4690) (BGF); Potaro R., Tu-
matumari, July 1921, Gleason 335 (GH, NY, US); Kaieteur Plateau, Potaro R., below Tu-
keit, May 1944, Maguire & Fanshawe 23491 (F, NY, U, US).
Vernacular Name: ‘‘sarabebe.’”’
Gleason 335 is not entirely satisfactorily placed, for in some respects it is
intermediate between the two varieties. In most of its characters, however, it
agrees most completely with var. pubirachis; for this reason and because it was
collected within its range, it has been assigned to this variety.
5b. Macrolobium huberianum var. huberianum. Figure 3.
Tree or tall shrub. Stipules 3.5-4 mm. long, 0.5-1 mm. wide, subulate, acute.
Leaf blades oblong, 12-23-jugate, the pairs 3-5 mm. apart; rachis puberulous but
sparingly so beneath. Leaflets 10-20 mm. long, 3-6 mm. wide, the upper side of
the base subcordate, the lower side acute. Inflorescences 3-8 cm. long, the axis
glabrous; pedicels 3.5-6 mm. long, glabrous; bracteoles 6-8 mm. long, 3-4 mm.
wide. Sepals 2-4.5 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate,
glabrous. Ovary with few hairs on the abaxial margin.
LECTOTYPE: A. Ducke (H.A.M.P. No.) 11874, ‘‘puisseay de la region des
campos de l’Ariramba, Rio Trombetas,’’ Para, Brazil, June 1912 (on deposit at
Museo Goeldi, isolectotypes F-frag., G, US). The material of this genus in the
Museo Goeldi, Belém, Brazil, has not been available for study.
Additional Specimens: BRAZIL: Para: Cultivated in grounds of Belem Museum, intro-
duced from Rio Ariramba (trib. Rio Trombetas), April 1940, Ducke 589 (F, IAN, MO, NY,
US); same locality data, April 1946, Ducke 1935 (F, GH, IAN, NY, US); same locality data,
April 1923, Ducke (H.J.B.R. No.) 10921 (F-frag., G, NY, RB, U, US); Rio Ariramba region,
near Rio Jaramacaru, Dec. 1911, Ducke 11354 (F-frag., G); cultivated in Belem Museum
_gtounds, introduced from Rio Ariramba, May 1918, Ducke 17023 (P); Rio Capim, March
1949, Froes & Pires 24167 (IAN, NY).
BRITISH GUIANA: Potaro River, Feb. 1879, im Thurn, s.n. (K).
This species exhibits characters which closely relate it to M. longipedicel-
latum. The characters of M. huberianum which serve to distinguish it are: (1) its
stipules are persistent; (2) its leaf blades are oblong to lanceolate-oblong; (3) its
leaflets are rotund and entire or subentire at the apex; and (4) it has much smaller
bracts.
It also shows considerable relationship to M. brevense but it is amply sepa-
rated from this species by its persistent stipules, glabrous bree a and longer
pedicels. :
The two varieties composing the species are quite distinct and readily recog-
nizable. Var. pubirachis, as the specific epithet implies, has a pubescent inflor-
escence axis but it also has stipules which are at least twice as long as in the
typical variety and its ovary is marginally pilosulose.
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 281
6. Macrolobium longipedicellatum Ducke, Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio de Janeiro
2: 40. 1935. Figure 3.
Tree, the branchlets pilosulose. Petioles 3-4 mm. long, canaliculate, sparsely
pilosulose. Leaf blades elliptic or lanceolate, 11-15-jugate, the pairs of leaflets
4-6 mm. apart; rachis 4.5-7.5 cm. long, the wings ciliate, sparsely puberulous
above toward the base, glabrous beneath, the axis pilosulose or glabrous above.
Leaflets 5-18 mm. long, 3-6.5 mm. wide, oblong, the base inequilateral, the upper
side subcordate, the lower side obtuse, the apex truncate, retuse or emarginate,
apiculate, glabrous or subglabrous on the upper surface, pilose on the costa be-
neath, the costa impressed above, salient beneath, the venules obscure. /nflor-
escences 3.5-6 cm. long, the axis glabrous, the peduncles 1.5-3 mm. long; bracts
8 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, persistent almost to anthesis, lanceolate, acuminate,
ciliolate apically but otherwise glabrous; pedicels 6-7 mm. long, glabrous; brac-
teoles 8.5 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide, glabrous, broadly elliptic. Hypanthium about
2 mm. long, glabrous. Sepals five, the adaxial pair partly united, 5-5.5 mm. long,
2-2.5 mm. wide, oblong or oblong-elliptic, apically ciliolate. Petal blade 6 mm.
long, 5 mm. wide, suborbicular, the claw 6 mm. long, strongly alate, pilosulose
and ciliolate externally at the base of the claw, villosulose within on the claw
and into the throat of the blade. Filaments 23 mm. long, villosulose in the lower
part. Stigma capitellate. Style at least 21 mm. long, glabrous. Ovary 2.5 mm. long,
1 mm. wide, linear-oblong, glabrous or with very few hairs on the abaxial suture
near the base, 3-ovulate, the gynophore 4.5 mm. long, villosulose, inserted at mar-
gin of the hypanthium. Fruzt unknown.
Type Collection: A. Ducke (H.].B.R. No.) 24067, ‘‘Sao Paulo de Olivenca,
Rio Solimoes,’’ Brazil, Feb. 1932 (HOLOTYPE RB, isotypes F-frag., NY, P, U,
US). Known only from the type collection.
The close relationship of this species with M. huberianum, particularly var.
huberianum, is obvious. M. longipedicellatum differs from its closest ally in hav-
ing caducous stipules, elliptic or lanceolate leaf blades, differently shaped leaf-
let apices and-very much larger bracts.
7. Macrolobium longeracemosum Amshoff, Bull. Torrey Club 75: 389. 1948. Fig-
ure 3.
Tree to 8 m. tall, 1.5 dm. diameter, the branchlets pilosulose and puberulous.
Petioles 3-6 mm. long, sulcate or canaliculate, short-pilosulose. Leaf blades ob-
long, 12-19-jugate, the pairs of leaflets 4-8 mm. apart; rachis 5-12 cm. long, more
or less pilosulose. Leaflets 8-30 mm. long, 3-7 mm. wide, oblong, the base in-
equilateral, obtuse, the apex rotund, retuse to emarginate; upper surface darkly
lustrous and glabrous except uncinate-puberulous basally on the costa, beneath
strongly glaucous, sparingly pilose basally on the costa, especially on the apical-
lateral surface; costa distinctly salient, the venules subprominulous above, ob-
scure beneath. Inflorescences 3-12 cm. long, the axis pilosulose, the peduncle
2-4 mm. long; pedicels 1.5-3 mm. long, lanulose-puberulous; bracteoles 5.5 mm.
long, 4 mm. wide, obovate, lanulose-puberulous externally, glabrous within. Hy-
panthium 2 mm. long on a stipe about 0.5 mm. long, sparsely pilosulose. Sepals
five, the adaxial pair partly united, 3-4 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, ciliolate api-
cally. Petal blade 4 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide, obovate, glabrous, the claw 5.5 mm.
long, strongly auriculate, puberulous sparingly on the auricles. Filaments about
18 mm. long, glabrous. Stigma capitellate. Style about 20 mm. long, sparsely pi-
losulose basally. Ovary 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, oblong or oblong-oblanceolate,
marginally pilosulose, the lateral surfaces glabrous, 2-ovulate, the gynophore 2.5
mm. long, sparsely pilosulose. Fruit (immature) 11 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, oblong
282 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
or oblong-oblanceolate, sparsely pilosulose basally on the margins, the carpo-
phores 8-10 mm. long, pilosulose.
Type Collection: B. Maguire 24650, ‘‘overhanging upper Augustus Creek, Tafel-
berg, Surinam,’’ Sept. 1944 (HOLOTYPE NY, isotypes F, MO, U, US).
. Additional Specimens: BRITISH GUIANA: Makreba Falls, Kurupung River, Sept. 1938-
Feb. 1939, Pinkus 258 (F, G, GH, MO, NY, US).
This species finds its nearest relative in M. acaciaefolium, but it is amply
distinct both vegetatively and in its flowers and fruit. Its costa is strongly sali-
ent on both surfaces of the leaflets and its dark, shiny upper surface of the leaf-
55 [50 45|
SCALE
° 100 200 300 400
ee eee
° 100 200 300 400 300 600 KILOMETERS
dramaribo
| L
; t Cayenne
@
%,
e
: *
fe, ip:
My 2
re ai Sh |
% .
i% Sh
“1 »
Je
- _ SYD
GOI
Macrolobium acaciaefolium
FIG. 4. Geographic distribution of M. acaciaefolium.
lets and the strongly glaucous under surface contrast sharply. In respect to the
flowers, the lanulose puberulence of the bracteoles is distinctive. The fruit of M.
acaciaefolium is oval, oblong-oval or nearly orbicular, whereas those of M. longe-
racemosum are oblong and about three to four times as long as wide.
8. Macrolobium acaciaefolium (Benth.) Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15(2): 224. 1870.
Figure 4.
Outea acaciaefolia Benth. Jour. Bot. Hook. 2: 94. 1840.
Vouapa -acaciaefolia (Benth.) Baill. Hist. Pl. 2: 109. 1870.
Vuapa acaciaefolia (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 213. 1891.
Macrolobium acaciaefolium (Benth.) Benth. var. vestitum Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1948:
312. 1948.
Tree with rather flattened, expanded crown, 3-30 m. tall, 8-100 cm. diameter,
the branchlets glabrous to densely pilosulose. Petioles (2-)6-7(-12) mm. long,
canaliculate. Leaf blades oblong, elliptic-oblong or lanceolate-oblong, (12-)15-20
(-28)-jugate, the pairs of leaflets (3-)5-7(-12) mm. apart; rachis (6.5-)10-14(-24)
cm. long, glabrous or the axis puberulous or pilosulose on the upper surface and
pilosulose beneath, the wings only cioliolate or the upper surface also puberulous
or pilosulose, glabrous beneath. Leaflets (7-)20-25(-40) mm. long, (2-)5-7(-11)
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 283
mm. wide, the uppermost leaflets smallest, oblong, the base inequilateral, the up-
per side subobtuse to cordate, the lower side acute to obtuse, the apex rotund,
retuse to emarginate, usually minutely apiculate; upper surface usually shiny,
glabrous, or puberulous to pilosulose on the costa or sometimes more or less pu-
berulous on the blade also, the lower surface glabrous to more or less strongly
golden-pilose on the apical-lateral surface of the costa, extremely rarely pilosu-
lose on part or all of the blade; costa impressed on the upper surface, salient be-
neath, the venules obscure to prominulous. Inflorescences (1-)2(-G6) cm. long,
densely grayish-pilosulose, infrequently with one basal branchlet, the peduncles
(when present) about 4 mm. long; bracts caducous, (1.5-)3.5(-G6) mm. long, (1-)
2.5(-5) mm. wide, broadly ovate to oval, or oblong, concave, acute to cuspidate-
acute, ciliolate, glabrous or rarely minutely strigulose near the base within,
densely pilosulose externally; pedicels (1.5-)2.5(-5) mm. long, densely pilosulose;
bracteoles (3.5-)5(-7) mm. long, (1.5-)3(-4) mm. wide, concave, obovate to oval
to ovate, glabrous within, densely pilosulose externally. Hypanthium 1-2 mm.
long, sessile or with a stipe 0.5 mm. long, glabrous or sparsely pilosulose bas-
ally. Sepals five, the adaxial pair partly united, 2.5-6.5 mm. long, 1-3.5 mm. wide,
oblong to lanceolate, obtuse, acute, or acuminate, glabrous or rarely ciliolate
sparsely at the apex. Petal blade 3-5.5 mm. long, 5-7.5 mm. wide, transversely
oval, rarely suborbicular, the claw 3-5.5 mm. long, more or less auriculate, glab-
rous externally, villosulose within on the claw and over the center of the blade or
the blade totally glabrous, the claw ciliolate in the lower part; 1-4 petalodia often
present, to 5 mm. long, linear. Fi/aments (12-)15(-20) mm. long, glabrous. Stigma
capitellate. Sty/e (9-)15(-20) mm. long, basally pilosulose. Ovary 2-3 mm. long,
1-1.5 mm. wide, oblong to oval or oblong-obovate, (1-)2(-3)-ovulate, the margins
. pilosulose, the lateral surfaces glabrous; gynophore 1-2.5 mm. long, pilosulose,
the hairs usually directed basally, inserted at the base of the hypanthium or some-
times up to midway on its adaxial wall. Fruit indehiscent, 4.5-7 cm. long, 3-5.5
cm. wide, oblong to orbicular, flat, the adaxial margin thicker than the abaxial and
sulcate, sparsely pilosulose on the margins, the carpophores 1-2.5(-6) mm. long,
pilosulose. Seeds one per fruit, 3-4.5 cm. long, 2-3.5 cm. wide, flat, oval or ob-
long, the testa crustose, tan-brown to black, irregularly salient-venose.
Type Collection: Robt. Schomburgk 521,‘‘Rooponoony and Essequibo Rivers,”’
1838 (HOLOTYPE K, isotypes BM, F, G, K, P, US, W).
Additional Specimens: BRAZIL: Burchell 9141 (GH); Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 13755
(P). Para: Rio Mapua, Canta Galo, municip. de Breves, July 1950, Black, Froes & Ledoux
50-9875 (NY); near Rio Jumunda, Sao Jorge, municip. Faro, Nov. 1950, Black & Ledoux
50-10700 (IAN); Tapajoz, Boa Vista, July 1932, Capucho 341 (F, IAN); Igarape de Irera,
near Santarem, Aug.-Sept. 1938, Dahlgren s.n. (F, US); Boa Vista, Rio Tapajoz, June 1929,
Dahlgren & Sella 110 (F, US), 190 (F, NY); Oyapoc, June 1904, Ducke 4775 (G); Lago
de Faro, Aug. 1907, Ducke 8398 (G); Rio Tapajoz, first rapids (S. Luiz), Dec. 1915, Ducke
15815 (G, US); Rio Oiapoque, Terr. Amapa, Feb. 1950, Froes 25911 (IAN, NY); Maraba,
Rio Itacaiuna, June 1949, Froes & Black 24385 (IAN, NY); Rio Purus, June 1903, Goeldi
3901 (G, US); Bas Xingu, Dec. 1903, Goeldi 4152 (G); Rio Maraca, ely 1896, Guedes 614
(G); Marajo, June 1896, Huber 186 (G); Rio Capim, July 1897, Haber 911 (G, US); Quati-
puru, Dec. 1899, Huber 1764 (G); Cassipa in Tapajoz R. region, Sept. 1931, Krukoff 1238
(A, F, G, MO, NY, P, U, UC); Monte Alegre, July 1908, Snethlage 9562 (G); Santarem, June
1850, ie 920 (P); vic. Santarem, June 1850, Spruce s.n. (F-frag., G, GH, NY, P, W).
Matto Grosso: Rio Santarem and Barbados, Jan.-Dec. 1928, Riedel 1568 (A, NY); “Matto
Grosso et Santarem,’ ’ Riedel s.n. (A); Rio Guapore, July 1942, Sandeman 2143 (K). Ama-
zonas; Tefe, beira do Chi-daruim, Aug. 1947, Black 47-1208 (IAN, U); Rio Janeiro, Manaos,
Aug. 1948, Garake 8 (IAN, NY); Sao Paulo de Olivenga, Rio Solimdes, Igarape Jaratuba,
June 1940, Ducke 340 (Y); Rio Negro ad flum. Apuahu, July 1941, Ducke 757 (F, IAN, MO,
NY, (US); Manaos, Igarape Guarita, April 1943, Ducke 1228 (IAN, MO, NY, US); Lago de
Tene: June 1906, Ducke 7369 (G); Rio Jatahy, Riosinho Juruema, Jutie 1945, Froes 21017
(IAN, NY); upper Rio Pacu, Terr. Rio Branco, March 1948, Froes 23152 (IAN); Taperinha
.
284 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
bei Santarem, 1927, Ginzberger 700 (F); Cachoeira Caranguejo, Rio Cauabury, Dec. 1930,
Holt & Blake 546 (GH, NY, US); Terr. Acre, ca. mouth Rio Macauhan, Aug. 1933, Krukoff
2999 (A, B MO. NY. UC, US); Tres rl Municip. Humayta, Oct. 1934, Krukoff 6320
(A, F, MO, NY, U, US); Séo Paulo de Olivenca near Palmares, Sept.~Oct. 1936, Krukoff
8403 (G, MO, A; US); Assahytuba, Rio Branco, Jan. 1924, Kuhlmann 1052 (H.J.B.R. No.
17663) (G, P, RB, U, US); Sao Marcos, upper Rio Branco, Sept. 1913, Kuhlmann 3243 (U,
US); Ega, Oct. 1831, Poeppig 2724 (P, W); Serra de Mel, Rio Branca, Surumt, Sept. 1909,
Ule 8147 (G, UC).
PERU: Loreto: Mishuyacu near Iquitos, June 1930, Klug 1417 (F, NY, US); “*stromgebiet
des Maronon von Iquitos aufwarts bis me Santiago-Mundung de Manseriche ca. 77 30°
West,’ 1924, Tessmann 3673 (F-frag., G, NY); Manfinfa on upper Rio Nanay, June-July
1929, Williams 1098 (F, US); pay rite on Amazon River, Aug. 1929, Williams 2420
(Es Gt Ds).
COLOMBIA: Vicinity Miraflores, Rio Vaupés, Vaupes, Nov. 1945, Allen 3394 (MO,
US); Los Llanos, Rio Orinoco, Puerto Carreno, Vichada, Oct. 1938, Cuatrecasas 4008 (F,
US); bocas del Carurt, Vaupes, Sept. 1939, Cuatrecasas 7042 (F, US); Loretoyacu River,
Nov. 1946, Schultes & Black 8640 (US).
VENEZUELA: Margin of Rio Orinoco, Chaffanjon s.n. (P). Bolivar: Mouth of Rio To-
noro, alto Rio Paragua, Aug. 1943, Cardona 815 (NY, US, VEN); Raudal Uraima, alto Rio
Paragua, Sept. 1943, Cardona 885 (F, NY, US, VEN); Rio Caroni, from Kusaribara to mouth
of Rio Ikabaru, Sept. 1946, Cardona 1649 (VEN); banks of Rio Caroni and tributaries, Oct.
1947, Cardona 2182 (US, VEN); alto Rio Caroni, Jan. 1949, Cardona 2564 (NY); Rio Para-
gua between Rio Tonoro and Salto de Auraima, April 1943, Killip 37541 (UC, US, VEN);
Rio Paragua, Dec. 1951, Maguire 32712 (F, K, NY, US, VEN); Rio Uairen, Sta. Elena,
Gran Sabana, March 1946, Tamayo 3180 (VEN); La Unidn, Rio Caura, Feb. 1939, Williams
11244 (F, US, VEN). Amazonas: Rio Cunucunuma, just above Playa Alta, Nov. 1950, Ma-
guire, Cowan & Wurdack 29504 (F, G, GH, IAN, K, MO, NY, U, US, VEN); San Carlos,
Rio Negro, Feb. 1942, Williams 14485 (F, US, VEN); Gale Macamis Ganthnam, alto Casi-
quiare, alt. 120 m., May 1942, Williams 15596 (F, NY, US, VEN).
BRITISH GUIANA: Pomeroon Dist., Santa Rosa, Maruka R., Aug. 1921, de la Cruz 995
(GH, NY, US); Acqueero Landing, Pomeroon Dist., Sept. 1921, de la Cruz 1095 (GH, NY,
US); Baramanni R., NW Dist., Sept. 1921, de la Cruz 1137 (GH, NY, US); near Bartica on
Essequibo R., Sept. 1922, de la Cruz 1925 (F, GH, MO, NY, UC, US); Waramuri Mission,
Moruka R., Pomeroon Dist., Oct. 1922, de la Cruz 2583 (F, GH, MO, NY, UC, US); Waini
R., NW Dist., April 1923, de la Cruz 3738 (G, GH, MO, NY, UC, US); Assakatta, NW Dist.,
Sept. 1923, de la Cruz 4373 (GH, MO, NY, UC, US); Mazaruni R., Oct. 1944, Fanshawe
2012 (F.D. 4748) (TYPE COLLECTION of M. acaciaefolium var. vestitum Sandw., HOLO-
TYPE K, isotypes BGF, F, NY, U, US); Apoteri, Rupununi R., July 1931, For. Dept. 2101
(BGF); Rockstone on Essequibo R., July 1921, Gleason 874 (GH, NY, US); Berbice, below
Koyeri Creek, Wurawa R., Canje R., Dec. 1914, Hohenkerk (F.D. No.) 685 (BGF); Deme-
rara R., Great Falls, June 1896, Jenman 7172 (NY); Mallali, Oct. 1924, Persaud 163 (F,
NY); Essequibo R., at first falls, Sept. 1929, Sandwith 222 (NY, P, U, US); Roraima, 1842-
43, Rich. Schomburgk 456 (P, W); British Guiana, Rich. Schomburgk 737 (P); British Gui-
ana, Rich. Schomburgk s.n. (U); Karenambo, Rupununi R. Basin, Oct. 1939, A. C. Smith
22351 (A- TG; MOZ NY, U,:0S 2
SURINAM: Nickeri-Nanni Creek, Dohsen Savanna, Oct. 1941, Geyskes 124 and 126
(NY, U); Kaboerie Kreek, Nickerie, June 1916, Gonggrypp (For. Bur. No.) 2210 (U); Turco
Tabbetje, fluv. Marowijne, July 1923, Gonggrypp (For. Bur. No.) 5325 (U, US); Coppename
R., near Kaaimanstone, Sept. 1933, Lanjouw 704 (U, US); Corantijn, New R., Sept. 1935,
Rombouts 179 (MO, U); Litanie R., July 1937, Rombouts 712 (IAN, U); Corantyn near Wono-
tobo, Oct. 1916, Stahel & Gonggrypp (For. Bur. No.) 2534 (IAN, U); Kaboerie, Corantijn
R., Oct. 1916, Stahel & Gonggrypp (For. Bur. No.) 2988 (MO, U); fluv. Gonini, Aug. 1903,
Versteeg 120 (U).
Vernacular Names: Brazil: varapary y"” ““faveira arapury,
‘‘pashaquilla,”’ ‘‘arapari’’; Venezuela: ‘‘arepillo,’’ ‘‘arepito.”’
This is an extremely atiatile species within which there may even be some
subspecific taxa, but no constant characters have been said a in this study
which could be used to distinguish them.
In vesture there is marked variability. The leaflets are typically pubescent on
the costa on the upper surface and on the apical-lateral surface of the costa be-
neath. However, collections from eastern Peru and Colombia have the upper half
of the blades more or less pubescent beneath. This pubescence distribution might
”? “‘parapari’’; Peru:
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 285
be of some taxonomic use, were it more constant and correlated with other more
significant differences. Unfortunately, such is not the case, for this character ap-
pears to vary independently of all others. Collections which exhibit this pubes-
cence distribution are: Tessmann 3673, Schultes & Black 8640, Cuatrecasas 4008
and Allen 3394. In the upper Rio Negro country a form occurs which is completely
pilose on the undersurface of the leaflets, represented by Williams 14485 and Ma-
guire, Cowan, & Wurdack 29504. However, this is the only distinguishing char-
acter and is considered to be only one extreme in the pubescence variation pattern.
There is another variant group with no geographic or morphologic character
other than that it has generally larger leaflets. As with the pubescence, it is held
that no useful purpose is served by the recognition of subspecific taxa in what
appears to be a continuous system of variability.
Var. vestitum, here treated as a synonym of this species, was described by
Sandwith to include that portion of the species which exhibits pubescent branch-
lets but even the type collection shows scattered hairs on the branchlets of some
of the sheets observed. Actually, the branchlets may be glabrous, pilosulose in a
small area just above each node, sparsely but generally pilosulose, or densely
pilosulose.
This species is so similar to M. longeracemosum in aspect that some of the
material of that species had been determined as M. acaciaefolium and there is no
doubt that the two are intimately related. They are, however, separable on a num-
ber of characters both in the vegetative phase and in the reproductive structures.
Whereas M. longeracemosum has the leaflet costa strongly salient on the upper
surface, in the present species it is impressed. Also, the leaflets of M. acaciae-
folium do not display the sharply contrasting dark-lustrous upper surface and
_strongly glaucous undersurface as do those of M. longeracemosum. The pubes-
cence of the bracteoles and pedicels of the latter is quite different from that on
the same structures in M. acaciaefolium. The fruits of the latter are oval, oblong-
oval, or orbicular, and indehiscent, in contrast to the elongate-oblong fruits pro-
duced by its nearest relative.
9. Macrolobium froesii Cowan, sp. nov. Figure 5. __
Arbor 10 m. alta, 15 cm. diametro, ramulis dense pilosulis. Stipulae circa 10-
15 mm. longae, 1 mm. latae, caducae, lineares, caudato-acuminatae, extus pilosu-
lae, intus glabrae. Petioli 3-4 mm. longi, pilosuli. Foliorum lamina lanceolato-
oblonga, 7-20-jugata, paribus 5-9 mm. separatis; rachibus 9-15 cm. longis, supra
puberulis, infra pilosulis. Foliola 10-30 mm. longa, 5-10 mm. lata, oblonga, ad
basim inaequilateralia, basis latere superiore cordato, inferiore subobtuso, ad
apicem rotundato-obtusa, retusa, minute apiculata, in costa supra plus minusve
pilosula et infra sparse pilosula; costa impressa supra, infra salienti, venulis ob-
scuris. Inflorescentiae 3.5 cm. longae, terminales, axe dense puberulo; bracteis
2.5 mm. longis, 1.5 mm. latis, ovatis, caducis, intus glabris, extus puberulis;
pedicello 1-2 mm. longo, dense puberulo; bracteolis 6 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis,
ellipticis, acutis, intus villosulis, puberulis extus. Hypanthium 1.5 mm. longum,
glabrum. Sepala quinque, 3.5 mm. longa, 1-1.5 mm. lata, lanceolata, acuminata,
glabra. Petali lamina 3.5 mm. longa, 4.5 mm. lata, transverse ovalis, unguicilo 7
mm. longo, subauriculato. Filamenta 20 mm. longa, glabra. Stigma capitellatum.
Stylus 19.5 mm. longus, ad basim pilosulus. Ovarium 2 mm. longum, 1 mm. latum,
ovale, marginibus pilosulis, lateribus glabris, 2-ovulatum, gynophoro 3 mm. longo,
pilosulo. Fructus ignotus.
Type Collection: R. L. Froes 22232, ‘thigh forest on high land, Cach. Macarico,
Rio Icana, Rio Negro,’? Amazonas, Brazil, April 26, 1947 (HOLOTYPE NY, iso-
types IAN, U).
286 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
A ~ A M.froesii
V¥ Mmolle pret ih. { 5
BeBe Sly 2B oS?
riers A Ee: ecslgle —eno
i _@Mvenulosum Mflexuosum ; Sa ede 1 Mediscolor
2 of MAES re r. discolor
© Mfurcatum *® var.flexuosum of Mees at va discolo
wae SCALE @ var. caudiculatum
~~ VY M. jenmani 4 var. parviflorum HZ svar. egranulosum
‘ b
FIG. 5. a. Distribution of M. froesii, M. venulosum, M. furcatum, M. jenmani, M. molle,
and M. flexuosum. b. Distribution of M. discolor.
The relationship between this new species and M. venulosum is not excep-
tionally close but is probably the nearest which can be assumed from the availa-
ble evidence. The two species differ in the shape of the leaflet apices, the length
of the pedicels, the pubescence of the bracteoles, and the filament length and pu-
bescence. .
10. Macrolobium venulosum Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15(2): 223. 1870. Figure 5a.
Vouapa venulosa (Benth.) Taub. Bot. Centralbl. 47: 394. 1891.
Vuapa venulosa (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 213. 1891.
Tall shrub with puberulous branchlets. Stipules 4 mm. long, caducous, subu-
late, acuminate, puberulous. Petioles 2-6.5 mm. long, canaliculate, puberulous.
Leaf blades oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 13-19-jugate, the pairs of leaflets 3-10
mm. apart. Leaflets 6-26 mm. long, 3-7 mm. wide, oblong, the base ineguijlateral,
the upper side more or less obtuse, the lower side acute, the apex truncate-ob-
tuse, retuse to emarginate, glabrous or sparsely puberulous at the base, some-
times generally pilosuiose on the lower surface; costa impressed or plane on the
upper surface, salient beneath, the venules obscure to prominulous. Inflorescences
2.5-4 cm. long, the axis puberulous, peduncles 1.5-5 mm. long; pedicels 2.5=-3.5
mm. long, puberulous; bracteoles 7 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, elliptic, acute to acu-
minate, sparsely pilosulose in the apical portion within, puberulous externally,
ciliolate. Hypanthium 1.5 mm. long, glabrous. Sepals four, 3.5-4 mm. long, 1-2
mm. wide, triangular-lanceolate, the adaxial one acute, the others caudate-acu-
minate, sparsely ciliolate. Petal claw about 3.5 mm. long, the complete blade not
seen. Filaments about 11 mm. long, villosulose near the base. Stigma capitellate.
Style about 8 mm. long. Ovary 4 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, oblong, finely puberulous
on one or both sutures, the lateral surfaces glabrous, the gynophore 2.5 mm. long,
minutely puberulous, inserted on base of the hypanthium. Fruit (immature to sub-
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 287
mature) 7-7.5 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide, oblong, sometimes broader toward the apex,
glabrous or with a few marginal hairs, the carpophores 8-13 mm. long, puberulous.
Type Collection: R. Spruce 3133, ‘‘San Carlos,’’ Rio Negro, Amazonas, Vene-
zuela, Oct. 1853 (HOLOTYPE K, isotypes G, GH, NY, P, US-frag., W).
Additional Specimens: COLOMBIA: Rio Negro, vicinity Piedra de Cocui, Vaupes, Dec.
1947, Schultes & Lopez 9530 (US).
There are two sheets bearing the type collection number at Geneva, one of
which is a fruiting specimen. The latter may be part of a second Spruce collec-
tion, for the leaflets are smaller and pilosulose on the lower surface. Also, it has
shorter petioles and rachises. It is certain that Bentham did not study this ma-
terial because he specifically states in his original description of the species
that he had no fruit available for his examination.
This species shows the greatest affinity with M. flexuosum, particularly with
var. parviflorum of that species. It differs from that variety by having smaller
leaflets which are usually glabrous, closer to each other, and the ovary is mar-
ginally puberulous instead of.pilosulose. From M. froesii, to which it also bears
some relationship, it may be separated by the shape of the leaflet apex, the length
of the pedicels, and the pubescence of the bracteoles and filaments.
11. Macrolobium flexuosum Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15(2): 223. 1870.
Figure 5a.
Tree 7-10 m. tall, the branchlets puberulous or pilose. Petioles 6-9 mm. long,
sulcate lightly or canaliculate on the upper surface, pilosulose or puberulous.
Leaf blades oblong-elliptic or broadly elliptic, 10-16-jugate, the pairs of leaflets
9-20 mm. apart; rachis 11-21.5 cm. long, pilosulose, or sparsely puberulous on
the axis and the wing margins. Leaflets 11-45 mm. long, 5-15 mm. wide, oblong,
- the base inequilateral, the upper side obtuse to subcordate, the lower side acute
to subobtuse, the apex rotund or truncate, obtusely or acutely emarginate; upper
surface lustrous, glabrous except puberulous on the costa, the hairs uncinate or
arcuate, beneath pilosulose, sometimes sparingly so, costa more strongly pubes-
cent; costa impressed or subsalient above, salient beneath, the venules numerous,
closely parallel, prominent on both surfaces or obscure beneath. Inflorescences
3.5-6.5 cm. long, rarely with a lateral branchlet,the axis puberulous, the peduncle
1-2 mm. long; bracts 1.5-3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, early caducous, triangular-
ovate, ciliolate, glabrous within, puberulous or short-pilosulose externally; pedi-
cels 2-3.5 mm. long, puberulous; bracteoles 5-G6.5 mm. long, 3-3.5 mm. wide, el-
liptic, cuspidate-acute, appressed-puberulous or short-pilosulose externally, vil-
losulose within. Hypanthium 1.5-2 mm. long, glabrous or sparsely pilosulose. Se-
pals five, free or the adaxial pair slightly united at the base, the dorsal pair 2-2.5
mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, triangular, the others 3-3.5 mm. long, 1.5-3 mm. wide,
oblong to oval or lanceolate, ciliolate apically. Petal blade 3.5 mm. long, 4 mm.
wide, suborbicular, pilosulose up to the center externally, glabrous or villosulose
sparsely within, the claw 4-7.5 mm. long, glabrous or pilosulose externally, cilio-
late, villosulose within. Filaments villosulose basally. Stigma simple or capitel-
late. Style pilosulose at the base. Ovary 1.5-2 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, linear-
elliptic or oblong, marginally pilosulose or villosulose, laterally pilosulose or
glabrous, 2-4-ovulate, the gynophore 1.5-2 mm. long, pilosulose, inserted in the
base of the hypanthium. Fruit unknown.
Key to the Varieties of Macrolobium flexuosum
1. Ovary pubescent throughout; bracts 3 mm. long; bracteoles 6.5 mm. long; hypanthium
sparsely pilosulose; leaves 10-11-jugate, rachis pilosulose; leaflets rotund and acutely
SE ERE Oe se A in ids Siete wc ae bed . te) 45\
‘ ete, 5 Sy ‘ 3 ¢ ] yy) |
Fe a Sen ee y CE te r |
var. multijugum
var. sinuatum.
FIG. 6. Geographic distribution of M. multijugum. ,
|
|
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 295
Leaves about 6-jugate, the pairs usually about 18 mm. apart. Leaflets averag-
ing 6-7 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, oblong, oblong-oblanceolate, or oblong-obovate,
the margin entire. Inflorescence usually about 4~8 cm. long, the peduncle averag-
ing 15-25 mm. long; pedicels about 4 mm. long; bracteoles about 6 mm. long, 4
mm. wide, elliptic to oblong. Sepals most often 4 mm. long, 1 mm. wide. Petal
blade generally 4-5 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide, the claw about 5 mm. long. Fila-
ments about 16 mm. long.
Type Collection: J]. Martin s.n., ‘‘Cayenne’’ (HOLOTYPE G, isotypes K, P,
VEN-frag.). A letter from Dr. Hochreutiner, then at Geneva, to Dr. Pittier, who
was at the National Herbarium of Venezuela, was found attached to one of the
specimens of this species from the latter institution. In it Dr. Hochreutiner ex-
plained that the holotype of this species is a sterile branch and enclosed a pho-
tograph and two leaflets of it. The isotype from the Kew Herbarium is fruiting,
the Paris isotype is flowering and both are certainly just as valuable as the holo-
type, although the species is recognizable from most of the other species even
vegetatively.
Additional Specimens: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 13759 (P). Para: Para, Sept.
1947, Black 47-1751 (IAN, NY, U); Lago de Faro, July 1903, Ducke 3727 (G); Lago de
Faro, Aug. 1907, Ducke 8339 (G); Lago de Faro, May 1911, Ducke 11694 (G); Rio Tapajoz,
neat Bobure Falls, July 1923, Ducke 16944 (U); Belem, May 1896, Huber 122 (G, US);
Thome Asst, Rio Acara, Dist. Acara, Aug. 1931, Mexia 6027 (F, G, GH, MO, NY, U, UC,
US); Belem, June 1951, Pires 3300 (IAN, NY); Rio Para, May 1832, Poeppig 2998 (F, G,
P, US); Rio Tapajoz, Santarem, Spruce 638 (P); Santarem, June 1850, Spruce 935 (P); vic.
Santare m, June 1850, Spruce s.n. (G, NY, W). Amazonas: Igarape do Cachoeira Grande,
Manaos, Aug. 1940, Ducke 347 and 347a (Y); Barba, Rio Madeira, April 1937, Ducke 478
(A, F, MO, NY, US); Igarape do Cachoeira Grande, Manaos, Jan.1941, Ducke 576 (F, IAN,
MO, NY, US); Cucuhy, ad Rio Negro, Sept. 1935, Ducke 35189 (G, RB, U, US); Rio Negro,
Padauiry, Uacuacu, Oct. 1947, Froes 22490 (IAN, NY, U); Rio Padauiri, Igarape Cast-
anha, Oct. 1947, Froes 22558 (IAN, NY); Rio Urubu, Sept. 1949, Froes 25224 (IAN, RB),
25278 (IAN, NY); Rio Urubt, Sao Francisco, Oct. 1949, Froes 25490, 25507 (IAN, NY);
near mouth of Rio Embira, tributary of Rio Tarauca, July 1933, Krukoff 5186 (A, F, G,
MO, NY, U, UC, US); Boa Vista, Rio Branco, Sept. 1913, Kublman 3236 (U, US); Maues,
Nov. 1946, Pires 43 (IAN, NY); prope San Gabriel do Cachoeira ad Rio Negro, Jan.-Aug.
1852, Spruce 2258 (G, GH, P); prope Panure ad Rio-Uaupes, Oct.—Jan. 1852-53, Spruce
2439 (G, GH, P, W); igapo near Rio Taruma, Rio Negro, July 1874, Traill 183 (P); bei
Boa Vista, Rio Branco, Oct. 1908, Ule 7581 (G, UC, US); Rio Branco, near Boa Vista,
Oct. 1908, Ule 7612 (G); Cachoeira Grande bei Manaos, July 1910, Ule 8866 (G, UC).
PERU: Iquitos on shore of Itaya, July 1924, Tessmann 3677 (G, NY).
COLOMBIA: Vaupes, Rio Cuduyari, Aug. 1944, Allen 3300 (US); Mita, Rio Vaupes,
Sept. 1939, Arbelaez & Cuatrecasas 6746 (COL, F, US).
VENEZUELA: Rio Orinoco, Bonpland 1028 (P). Amazonas: Esmeralda, alto Orinoco,
May 1942, Williams 15462 (F, NY, US, VEN); Cataniapo, Raudal de Atures, May 1942,
Williams 15898 (US, VEN). Bolivar: Rio Tonoro, alto Rio Paragua, Aug. 1943, Cardona
817 (NY, US, VEN); Rio Paragua, Dec. 1951, Maguire 32713 (F, G, K, MO, NY, US, VEN);
Sabana de Monte Oscuro, Bajo Coura, May 1939, Williams 12057 (F, VEN); La Paragua,
March 1940, Williams 12594 (F, UC, US, VEN); El Tigre, cerca del Rio Cuchivero, June
1940, Williams 13309 (F, UC, US, VEN).
BRITISH GUIANA: Berbice, right bank of Berbice R., opposite to Yawakuri R., June
1919, Hohenkerk (F.D.No.) 798 (BGF); Lama Creek, April 1887, Jenman 3695 (BM, NY);
Lama Creek, May 1896, Joseph s. n. (NY); Roraima 1842-43, Schomburgk 460 & 461 (P,
W); Rio Branco, Sept. 1842, Schomburgk 736 (P, W); Rio Branco, Schomburgk 797 (F, G,
GH, P, US, W); Schomburgk 894 (W).
SURINAM: Boven Nickerie, Feb. 1915, Gonggrypp & Stahel (For. Bur. No.) 1085 (U);
Corantyne R., Kaboerie Creek, June 1916, Herb. Surinam 2217 (IAN, U, US); Maratoka,
Nov. 1917, Herb. Surinam 3423 (U); Surinam, Hostmann 76 (F, NY, P, W); Surinam, Host-
mann 686a (MO, P, U, W); Surinam 1842, Hostmann & Kappler 664 (F, G, MO, P, US, W);
Para R., March 1838, Splitgerber s. n. (W); Akwansa-Nickerie, Sept. 1916, Stahel & Gong-
erypp 3594 (U); Wullschlagel 959 (W).
FRENCH GUIANA: Martin 7 (P); Poiteau s.n. (P); Acarouany, 1858, Sagot 184 (P, W);
Maroni, on sea coast, June 1857, Sagot 1062 (P, W); Acarouany, May 1855, Sagot s. n. (P).
296 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
Vernacular Names: Venezuela: ‘‘arepillo’’, ‘‘arepito’’; Brazil: ‘‘arapari’’,
99 «ce
‘tarapary-rana”’, ‘‘paricazeiro’’; Surinam: ‘‘aratapari’’ (Kar. ).
16b. Macrolobium multijugum var. sinuatum Cowan, var. nov. Figure 6.
Petiolus 2-3.5 cm. longus, canaliculatus, glaber. Foliorum lamina 5=G-jugata,
paribus 1.5-2.5 cm. separatis; rachibus 7-8 cm. longis, glabris. Foliola 4.5=8.5
cm. longa, 1-2.5 cm. lata, anguste oblonga, margine sinuato, ad basim inaequalia
sed ambobus lateribus acutis, ad apicem obtusa, apiculata, glabra. Inflorescentiae
5-9 cm. longae, axe glabro, pedunculo 1-3 cm. longo; pedicellis 2-4.5 mm. longis,
glabris; bracteolo 7 mm. longo, 4 mm. lato, ovato-lanceolato, glabro. Sepala 3-4
mm. longa, 0.5-1.5 mm. lata, lanceolata, glabra. Filamenta 15 mm. longa. Stigma
paulo incrassatum. Ovarium 2=-2.5 mm. longum, 1.5=2 mm. latum, ovale vel ovatum,
glabrum. Fructus ignotus. |
Type Collection: R. Spruce 2440, ‘‘prope Panure ad Rio Uaupeés,’’ Brazil, Oct.
~Jan. 1852-53 (HOLOTYPE GH, isotypes BM, G, K, NY, P, W).
On one of the isotypes at Kew, Spruce notes, “‘..... the lvs being rendered
Marrower & their margins wavy by the puncture of insects in the bud.’’ However, I
have failed to find any suggestion of damage to any part of the specimens ex-
amined and I believe that these differences are natural, not due to insect injury
as Spruce supposed.
This species is so variable in most of its characters that it is very difficult to
enumerate a number of characters which will infallibly separate it from other re-
lated species. However, the punctation of the lower leaflet surface and the elon-
gate peduncles of this species are characteristics which reliably distinguish it.
Macrolobium multijugum is rather closely related to M. molle and to M. dis-
color. It may be separated from the first of these by its glabrous or nearly glabrous
leaflets and glabrous or minutely puberulous inflorescence axis. From M. discolor
it is distinct by its glandular punctations on the lower leaflet surfaces, its elon-
gate peduncles, and its very different fruit shape.
The two varieties involved differ only by the shape and margin of their leaf-
lets. Whereas the margins of the broadly oblong to oblong-obovate leaflets of the
typical variety are entire, the margins of the narrowly oblong ones of the other
variety are distinctly sinuate.
17. Macrolobium microcalyx Ducke, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris II. 4: 729. 1932.
Figure 7. .
Shrub of 2 m. to tree 10 m. tall, the branchlets microscopically puberulous or
occasionally glabrous. Petioles 2-6 mm. long, glabrous or puberulous on the up-
per surface, canaliculate. Leaf blades 3-5-jugate, the pairs 8-25 mm. apart; rachis
3-9 cm#long, glabrous or the axis minutely uncinate-puberulous on the upper sur-
face. Leaflets 15-45 mm. long, 7-25 mm. wide, oval to oblong to oblong-obovate,
the base inequilateral, the upper side cordate, the lower side acute to subobtuse,
the apex rotund, retuse to emarginate, sometimes apiculate; upper surfaces mi-
nutely uncinate- or arcuate-puberulous on the costa, glabrous beneath; costa sali-
ent above, plane to subsalient beneath, the venules prominulous. Inflorescence 2-
9 cm. long, the axis minutely puberulous, the peduncle 2-6 mm. long; bracts 1.5=2
mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, caducous, triangular to triangular-ovate, acute, cilio-
late, glabrous within, very minutely puberulous externally or rarely glabrous out-
side; pedicels 1-3.5 mm. long, very minutely puberulous; bracteoles 4.5-7 mm._
long, 2-3 mm. wide, oblong to oblong-oval to oblong-obovate, villosulose within,
appressed-puberulous externally. Hypanthium 1-1.5 mm. long, sparsely puberulous,
sessile. Sepals five, free, the adaxial ones 0.5-1.5 mm. long, 0.5-1 mm. wide, tri-
angular, acute to acuminate, glabrous, the other sepals 1.5-3 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm.
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 297
wide, triangular-lanceolate to lanceolate, acuminate to caudate-acuminate, glab-
rous. Petal blade 2.5-5.5(-7) mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, transversely oval, the claw
2-4 mm. long, auriculate or merely expanded at the base, more or less pilosulose
on the-outer surface or rarely glabrous, villosulose within, sometimes sparsely so,
claw ciliolate. Filaments (10—)16-18 mm. long, villosulose in the-lower part.
Stigma capitellate. Style (8.5-)11-16.5 mm. long, villose basally. Ovary 1.5-2 mm.
long, 1 mm. wide, oblong, 2-ovulate, villose on all surfaces, the gynophore 1.5-
2.5 mm. long, villosulose, inserted on the base or up to midway on the adaxial hy-
panthial wall. Fruit unknown.
LECTOTYPE: A. Ducke (H.].B.R. No.) 23298, *‘Estrada do Aleixo, Manaos,’’
Amazonas, Brazil, Sept. 1929 (deposited RB, isolectotypes G, P, U, US).
Additional Specimens: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Camanaos, Sept. 1935, Ducke 34 (A, F,
IAN, MO, NY, US); Camanaos, upper Rio Negro, Nov. 1929, Ducke (H.J.B.R. No.) 23299
US).
Bebe Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, Dept. Loreto, 1929-30, Klug 140, 387, 1043 (NY, US).
The nearest relative of M. microcalyx is M. montanum, especially the typical
variety of the latter. The following characters of M. microcalyx serve to distin-
guish it from its nearest relative: (1) its sepals are strongly dimorphic in both
size and shape; (2) the ovary is villose on all surfaces; and (3) it usually has
more pairs of leaflets per leaf.
18. Macrolobium montanum Ducke, Arch. Bot. Jard. Rio de Janeiro 4: 49. 1925.
Figure 7.
Small shrub 1-1.5 m. tall or small tree 10-13 m. tall, the branchlets glabrous,
or minutely puberulous but then glabrescent. Petioles 7-13 mm. long, glabrous.
Leaf blades 2-3-jugate, the pairs 7-17 mm. apart; rachis 8-32 mm. long, glabrous.
- Leaflets 17-32 mm. long, 10-25 mm. wide, oval to suborbicular or oblong to obo-
vate, the base inequilateral, the upper side cordate, the lower rotund-obtuse or
acute, the apex rotund, retuse to emarginate; glabrous, or very sparsely puberu-
' 1S
Mepe eel ee
ae i |
T } pre |
\ Vs EF a) 7%
71 \ ik
TP Ke atone A PSs Hy ‘a { é
aana bee Weare
q. Ge ie) noka, Saale fs
) BM microcalyx M. campestre
( — M.montanum O var. campestre
© var.potaroanum e var.medium
_OMurupaense V_var.long ibracteatum
A x var.montanum A var. arboreum
\ | AM. guianense ® Marenarium
FIG. 7. Geographic distribution of M. microcalyx, M. montanum, M. urupaense, M. guia-
nense, M. campestre, and M. arenarium.
298 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
lous on the costa above; costa salient, plane or slightly impressed on the upper
surface, salient beneath, the venules obscure on the upper surface, prominulous
beneath. Inflorescence 4-9 cm. long, the axis minutely puberulous, the peduncle
1.5-9 .nm. long; bracts 1-1.5 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, triangular, glabrous
within, glabrous or pilosulose externally; pedicels 4-7 mm. long, minutely puberu-
lous or glabrous; bracteoles 5.5-8 mm. long, 3-3.5 mm. wide, elliptic, pilosulose
within, minutely puberulous or glabrous outside. Hypanthium 1.5-2 mm. long, glab-
rous, subsessile. Sepals five, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, the adaxial pair
nearly completely united, triangular-lanceolate, acute, the other sepals oblong-
lanceolate, lanceolate or elliptic, bluntly acute to acuminate, ciliolate apically.
Petal blade 3-4 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, more or less transversely oval, the claw
2.5-6 mm. long, auriculate, ciliolate basally, glabrous externally, villosulose within.
Filaments 11-21 mm. long, villosulose basally or glabrous, Stigma simple or capitel-
late. Style 8.5-10.5 mm. long, glabrous. Ovary 2-2.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, ob-
long or linear, glabrous, 2-4-ovulate; gynophore 1.5-3.5 mm. long, puberulous or
glabrous, inserted at the top of the adaxial hypanthial wall. Fruit 5.5-10 cm. long,
2.5~3 cm. wide, oblong-oblanceolate, glabrous, the carpophores 8-14 mm. long,
glabrous. Seed 1=3 per fruit, about 1.5 cm. in diameter, suborbicular, the testa
membranous, reddish-brown, smooth.
Key to the Varieties of Macrolobium montanum
1. Small shrub with glabrous branchlets; leaflets oval to suborbicular, leaf rachis 8-18
mm. long; bracteoles 6-6.5 mm. long, minutely puberulous on outer surface; filaments
villosulose basally. Lower Amazon River region. .....eeeeeeeees 18a. var. montanum.
1. Tree 10-12 m. tall, young branchlets minutely puberulous, glabrescent; leaflets oblong,
oblong-obovate, or obovate; leaf rachis (15-)25-32 mm. long; bracteoles 8 mm. long,
glabrous on outer surface; filaments glabrous. Potaro River region of British Guiana.
Jeera te hate dia CAD Sie Se Ave ORES eek a « Ae tee ae eee .. 18b. var. potaroanum.,
18a. Macrolobium montanum var. montanum. Figure 7.
Small shrub 1=1.5 m. tall, the branchlets glabrous. Leaf blades with the leaf-
let pairs 7-11 mm. apart, the rachis 8-20 mm. long. Leaflets glabrous, oval to
suborbicular, the lower side of the base rotund-obtuse. Pedicels minutely puberu-
lous; bracteoles 5.5-6.5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, minutely puberulous on the outer
surface. Filaments basally villosulose. Stigma capitellate. Gynophore 1.5=2.5
mm. long, puberulous. Fruit 5.5-6.5 cm. long, the carpophores 8-10 mm. long, the
seeds one per fruit.
LECTOTYPE: A. Ducke (H.J.B.R. No.) 16947 (flowering portion), ‘‘Serra Pon-
tada regione, Jutahy de Almeirim,’’ Para, Brazil, April 1923 (deposited NY, iso-
lectotypes IAN, P, RB, U-in part, US-in part). A lectotype designation is obliga-
tory here, because the single collection number cited in the original description
consisted of two collections, one flowering and the other fruiting. The sheets at
U and at US have parts of both collections mounted on the same sheet, hence the
unusual manner of citation above. The NY sheet was selected as the lectotype
because the label is in Ducke’s hand, it bears only flowering material, and the
locality data are exact. The flowering specimen on the US sheet is in even better
condition, but it is accompanied by a portion of the fruiting material and the col-
lection number on this sheet involves a transposition of the numerals. The RB
material is of the flowering -collection but its condition is HERETO to either the
NY or US sheets.
Additional Specimens: BRAZIL: Serra Pontada region, inter Almeirim et Prainha, Para,
Sept. 1923, Ducke (H.J.B.R. No.) 16947-A (fruiting portion) (F-frag., U-in part, US-in part).
This collection is being cited as an ‘‘A’’-number to distinguish between the two collec-
tions which were assigned the same number.
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 299
18b. Macrolobium montanum var. potaroanum Cowan, var. nov. Figure 7.
Arbor 10-13 m. alta, 1 dm. diametro, ramulis minute puberulis, glabrescenti-
bus. Petiolus 8-11 mm. longus, glaber. Folia 2=-3-jugata, paribus 10-17 mm. sepa-
ratis; rachibus 15-32 mm. longis, glabris. Foliola 20-35 mm. longa, 10-20 mm.
lata, oblonga, obovata vel oblongo-obovata, ad basim inaequalia, basis superiore
latere cordato, inferiore acuto, ad apicem rotundata vel truncata, retusa, supra
glabra vel sparsissime puberula in costa, infra glabra; costa saliens ambobus
lateribus. Inflorescentiae 8 cm. longae, axe minutissime puberulo, pedunculo 1.5
mm. longo; bracteis 1.5 mm. longis, 1 mm. latis, triangularibus, ciliolatis sed
aliter glabris; pedicellus 4-5 mm. longus, glaber; bracteolae 8 mm. longae, 3.5
mm. latae, ellipticae, acuminatae, intus sparse pilosulae, extus glabrae. Hypan-
thium 2 mm. longum, stipite 0.5 mm. longo, glabrum. Sepala 3=3.5 mm. longa, l=
1.5 mm. lata, lanceolata vel elliptica, acuta ad acuminata. Petali lamina 4 mm.
longa, 5 mm. lata, transverse ovale, unguicilus 5 mm. longus, auriculatus. Fila-
menta 21 mm. longa, glabra. Stigma simplex. Stylus 10.5 mm. longus, glaber. Ovar-
ium 2 mm. longum, 1 mm. latum, lineare, glabrum, 2-ovulatum, gynophoro 3.5 mm.
longo, glabro. Fructus immaturus 10 cm. longus, 2.5 cm. latus, oblongus, apicem
versus latior, glaber, carpophoro 12-14 mm. longo, glabro, 1-3-seminifer.
Type Collection: D. B. Fanshawe 764 (F.D. No. 3500), ‘‘83 miles Bartica-
Potaro Road,”’ British Guiana, July 1942 (HOLOTYPE BGF).
Additional Specimens: BRITISH GUIANA: 85 miles Bartica-Potaro Road, Nov. 1947,
Fanshawe 2758 (F.D. No. 5557) (BGF, U).
The diagnostic characters of this species clearly indicate its affinity with M.
microcalyx and M. urupaense. It differs from the first of these by its less strongly
dimorphic sepals, by its glabrous ovary, and its usually greater number of leaflets
per leaf. From M. urupaense it may be separated by its fewer leaflet pairs, by its
more or less pubescent bracteoles, and by its generally shorter, glabrous or bas-
ally villosulose filaments.
The two varieties included in this species are separable by the shape of their
leaflets, length of their leaf rachises, size of their bracteoles, presence or ab-
sence of pubescence on the filaments, and by their geographic distribution.
19. Macrolobium urupaense Hoehne, Comm. Linh. Teleg. Estrat Matto-Grosse, An-
nexo n. 5, Bot. pt. 12: 11. pl. 184. 1922. Figure 7.
Shrub or small tree, the branchlets, leaves, and inflorescence glabrous. Peti-
oles 8-10 mm. long, canaliculate. Leaf blades 5-7-jugate, the pairs about 12 mm.
apart; rachis 5-8 cm. long, canaliculate-alate. Leaflets 15-45 mm. long, 10-20
mm. wide, oblong or oval-oblong, the base inequilateral, the upper side cordate,
the lower side obtuse, the apex rotund, emarginate; costa plane on the upper sur-
face, salient beneath, the venules obscure above, prominulous beneath. In/flores-
cence 5=6 cm. long (fide Hoehne); pedicels 5 mm. long (5-7 mm. fide Hoehne);
bracteoles 10 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, broadly elliptic, acute, glabrous. Hypanthium
1.5 mm. long, glabrous. Sepals five, the adaxial pair nearly completely united, 2.5
mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, triangular, acute, the other sepals 5 mm. long, 2=2.5 mm.
wide, lanceolate, acute. Petal blade about 5 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, transversely
oval, the claw 5 mm. long, strongly auriculate. Filaments 25 mm. long (30-35 mm.
fide Hoehne), villose in the lower one-half or more. Style glabrous. Ovary 2.5 mm.
long (1.5 mm. fide Hoehne), 1 mm. wide, oblong, glabrous, 4-ovulate (3-ovulate
fide Hoehne), the gynophore 5 mm. long, puberulous, inserted at the top of the ad-
axial hypanthial wall. Fruit unknown.
Type Collection: J. G. Kuhlmann 2029 (H.J.B.R. No. 7323), ‘Campos dos
Urupas, Rondonia, Cataqui-Iamain, noroeste de Matto Grosso,’’ Brazil, Dec. 1918
(RB).
300 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
1
This very poorly known species exhibits characters which ally it with M. mon-
tanum and M. microcalyx, the former being much the nearer relative of the two. M.
urupaense shares with M. montanum the glabrous ovary character, but they may be
differentiated by the larger number of leaflet pairs, glabrous bracteoles, and longer
villose filaments of M. urupaense. From M. microcalyx this species may be read-
ily recognized by its glabrous ovary and inflorescence.
20. Macrolobium guianense (Aubl.) Pulle, Enum. Vasc. Pl. Surinam 211. 1906.
Figure 10.
Outea guianensis Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 29. pl. 9. 1775.
Macrolobium Utea Gmelin, Syst. Nat. ed. 13. 2(1): 93. 1796.
Macrolobium pinnatum Willd. Sp. Pl. 186. 1797.
Utea guyannensis (Aubl.) J. St.-Hil. Expos. Fam. 2: 203. 1805.
Macrolobium Outea Steud. Nom. Bot. 1: 503. 1821.
Vouapa guyanensis (Aubl.) Taub. Bot. Centralbl. 47: 394. 1891.
Vuapa guianensis (Aubl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 213. 1891.
Tall tree, to 5 m. diameter (fide Aublet), the branchlets pilosulose and puberu-
lous. Stipules 6-7.5 mm. long, 0.5-1 mm. wide, linear, acuminate, persistent, cil-
iolate, glabrous within, pilosulose outside. Petioles 3-6 mm. long, canaliculate,
pilosulose. Leaf blades 2-jugate, the pairs of leaflets 13-17 mm. apart; rachis
13-17 mm. long, pilosulose on the upper surface, the axis pilosulose beneath.
Leaflets 27-56 mm. long, 15-26 mm. wide, oval to elliptic, the base inequilateral,
the upper side subcordate to cordate, the lower side acute, the apex obtuse, re-
tuse, minutely apiculate; upper surface more or less uncinate-puberulous on the
costa, sparsely to sparingly pilosulose on the basal one-half or less of the costa
beneath; costa salient, the venules prominent. Inflorescence 5-7.5 cm. long, the
axis except the peduncle glabrous, the peduncle 12-13 mm. long, puberulous;
bracts somewhat persistent, 7-7.5 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, lanceolate to lin-
ear, acuminate, ciliolate, otherwise glabrous; pedicels 4.5-8 mm. long, puberu-
lous in two lines which coincide with the separation lines of the bracteoles; brac-
teoles 7.5-9 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, elliptic, apiculate, glabrous. Hypanthium 2
mm. long, sessile. Sepals five, the adaxial pair partly united, 2.5-3.5 mm. long,
1-1.5 mm. wide, the other sepals 4.5-6.5 mm. long, 1=2 mm. wide, lanceolate,
glabrous, bluntly acute or obtuse. Petal blade about 6 mm. in diameter, orbicular,
the claw 4.5 mm. long, weakly villosulose on the claw and up into the throat of
the blade within, glabrous externally. Filaments about 20 mm. long, the lower part
villosulose. Style glabrous. Ovary 2.5=4.5 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, oblong,
sparsely pilosulose on one or both margins, the lateral surfaces glabrous, 4-ovu-
late; gynophore 2.5-4.5 mm. long, pilosulose, inserted in the hypanthium near the
apex of the adaxial wall. Fruit unknown.
Type,Collection: F. Aublet s.n., Guiana (isotype BM).
Additional Specimens: SURINAM: Hostmann & Kappler 254 (F, K, P, U, US, W). This
collection has been variously cited as ‘‘Hostmann s.n.,’’ *‘Hostmann 254,’’ and as it is
cited here, but all are undoubtedly parts of the same collection.
The nearest relative of M. guianense is probably M.montanum or M. urupaense,
but the relationship to either is rather remote. It is easily recognizable from both
of its presumed relatives by its oval or elliptic leaflets which are always in two
pairs and by its persistent stipules.
21. Macrolobium campestre Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 5: 389. 1909. Figure 7.
Shrub to large tree 35 m. tall, the branchlets and leaves glabrous, very rarely
the branchlets sparsely puberulous or pilosulose. Petioles 5-30 mm. long, terete
or weakly sulcate to subcanaliculate. Leaf blades 2=3-jugate, sometimes one leaf-
let of the terminal pair absent and then the leaf pseudo-imparipinnate, the pairs
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 301
9-30 mm. apart; rachis 10-60 mm. long, slightly canaliculate or terete on the up-
per surface, not at all alate. Petiolules 2-6 mm. long. Leaflets 4-12 cm. long, 2-
6 cm. wide, the base inequilateral, acute to subcordate, the apex bluntly acute to
long-acuminate; costa impressed on the upper surface, salient beneath, the ven-
ules prominulous. Inflorescence 4-28 cm. long, rather densely flowered, the axis
pilose to puberulous, the peduncle 0-4 mm. long; bracts 5.5-12.5 mm. long, 1.5-4
mm. wide, lanceolate or elliptic, acuminate, pilose to puberulous; pedicels 2.5-
4.5 mm. long, pilose to puberulous; bracteoles 5.5-8.5 mm. long, 3-3.5 mm. wide,
oblong to elliptic, pilose to puberulous on the outer surface, pilosulose or glab-
rous within. Hypanthium 1-2 mm. long, glabrous to puberulous sparingly. Sepals
five, the adaxial pair more or less united, 1.5-4 mm. long, 0.5-1.5 mm. wide, ob-
long to lanceolate or infrequently triangular, the other sepals 2-5 mm. long, 1-2
mm. wide, oblong or linear to elliptic or lanceolate, acute to obtuse. Petal blade
3.5-5.5 mm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, the claw 4-7 mm. long, more or less auriculate,
glabrous or pilosulose externally, ciliolate basally, villosulose within, sometimes
sparsely so and rarely glabrous. Filaments 17-22.5 mm. long, villosulose in the
lower part. Stigma capitellate or capitate. Style 12.5-17 mm. long, glabrous or
rarely sparsely puberulous basally. Ovary 2=-3.5 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, ob-
long, glabrous or sparsely and minutely puberulous on the margins, 2=4-ovulate;
gynophore 1.5-5 mm. long, subglabrous to pilosulose or puberulous, usually in-
serted near the apex of the adaxial hypanthial wall, but occasionally basal or
midway on the wall. Mature fruit unknown.
Key to the Varieties of Macrolobium campestre
1. Leaves always paripinnate, leaflets broadly ovate or elliptic, two-thirds or less as long
as wide; bracts densely pilose; shrub of campinas. .....eeeeeees 21c. var. campestre.
1. Leaves paripinnate or pseudo-imparipinnate, leaflets elliptic, lanceolate, or ovate,
twice or more as long as wide; bracts pilosulose; tree of lowland forests. ........ et
2. Inflorescence 16-28 cm. long; bracteoles glabrous or subglabrous on inner surface;
nee eID URE iain, Aida a a ian klk oN ack oe S's nw ew bled vise Siew eee's sodas wa ee 4.
2. Inflorescence 4-12 cm. long; bracteoles strongly pubescent on inner surface; leaves
pseudo-imparipinnate and paripinnate. ...seeee cer eee csc cec cer cececcceccsecees 3.
3. Bracts 9 mm. long, lanceolate; leaflets mostly about 2—2.5 cm. wide; large tree (to
et eae wa ce cee oes ce cb a se a w 6 Drape wan Se eee 6 age wes Pits age 2la. var. arboreum.
3. Bracts 5.5-7 mm. long, elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic; leaflets mostly about 3.5—5 cm.
ee ee ERE E60 (20) Pa iis tie oe 5 tibierdwe weeds velnsncctevees 21b. var. medium.
4. Branchlets puberulous; leaflets 4-6 29:2 Mis ong: oval to elliptic, abruptly acute; inflor-
eecence 27-26 cis long, bracts. 8 mim. long. «..00 sae ssae ac0000 21d. var. arirambense.
4. Branchlets glabrous; leaflets 6-11.5 cm. long, ovate to lanceolate, acuminate; inflores-
cence 16-18.5 cm. long, bracts 10-12.5 mm. long. ......... 2le. var. longibracteatum.
21a. Macrolobium campestre var. arboreum Cowan, var. nov. Figure 7.
Arbor ad 35 m. alta, ramulis, petiolis, rachibus, petiolulisque glabris vel raro
pilosulis sed glabrescentibus. Petiolus 5-23 mm. longus, teres. Folia 2-3-jugata,
pari- vel pseudo-imparipinnata; rachibus (10-)20-45 mm. longa, leviter sulcatis.
Petiolulus 2-4 mm. longus. Foliola 40-80 mm. longa, 20-35 mm. lata, ovata, lan-
ceolata vel elliptica, ad basim plerumque obtusa, interdum acuta, ad apicem acu-
minata,raro acuta. Inflorescentiae 5.5-12 cm. longae, axe pilosulo; bracteis 9 mm.
longis, 3 mm. latis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, ambobus lateribus puberulis; bracte-
olis 6-7 mm. longis, 3.5 mm. latis, ellipticis, pilosulis. Hypanthium glabrum. Pe-
tali lamina 3.5-5 mm. longa, 6 mm. lata, transverse ovalis, unguicilo 4.5 mm.
longo. Ovarium glabrum, 2-ovulatum, gynophoro 3.5 mm. longo, puberulo. Fructus
immaturus 12-13 cm. longus, 4 cm. latus, oblongus, apicem versus latior, glaber,
carpophoro 6-13 mm. longo, puberulo.
302 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘,
Type Collection: A. Ducke 16532, ‘“‘campinas sublonnens, Gurupa,’’ Para,
Brazil, Sept. 1916 (HOLOTYPE US, isotypes G, P).
Additional Specimens: BRAZIL: campina d’Arumateua, Rio Tocantins, Para, July 1916,
Ducke 16261 (US); in insulis Breves aestuarii amazonica prope flumen Macujurbimzinho,
Nov. 1922, Ducke 16943 (U); near mouth of Rio Embira, Amazonas, June 1933, Kmkoff
4953 (A, F, G,. MO, NY, U,_UC,. US).
21b. Macrolobium campestre var. medium Cowan, var. nov. Figure 7.
Arbor media, ad 20 m. alta, 30 cm. diametro, ramulis glabris vel raro sparse
puberulis. Petiolus 7-25 mm. longus. Folia 2-3-jugata, paripinnata et pseudo-im-
paripinnata; rachibus 20-60 mm. longis, teretibus ad subcanaliculatis. Petiolulis
3-6 mm. longis. Foliola 4.5-12 cm. longa, 2.5-5.5 cm. lata, ovata, lanceolata, vel
elliptica, ad basim acuta vel obtusa, ad apicem acuta ad acuminata. Inflores-
centiae 4-9 cm. longae, axe puberulo; bracteis 5.5-7 mm. -longis, 1.5-2.5 mm.
latis, ellipticis vel lanceolato-ellipticis, puberulis. Hypanthium glabrum. Petali
lamina 4-5.5 mm. longa, 5-8 mm. lata, unguicilo 5.5-7 mm. longo. Ovarium glab-
rum vel margine sparsissime et minutissime puberulum, 3-4-ovulatum, gynophoro
3.5-4 mm. longo, sparse puberulo.
Type Collection: A. Ducke (H.].B.R. No.) 10926-A, ‘‘Belem do Para,’’ Brazil,
April 1926 (HOLOTYPE US, isotype U).
Additional Specimens: BRAZIL: Para: Aderson Camp near Tavio, Boa Vista, Rio Ta-
pajoz, April 1932, da Costa 325 (F,G); Tapana, Belem, June 1918, Ducke (H.A.M.P. No.)
17036 (H.J.B.R. No. 10926) (G, RB, U, US).
Vernacular Names: Brazil: ‘‘igarana xixy,’’ “‘igarana vermelha.’’
21c. Macrolobium campestre var. campestre. Figure 7.
Shrub with glabrous branchlets. Petioles 8-12 mm. long. Leaf blades 2-jugate,
paripinnate, the pairs 20-25 mm. apart; rachis 15-25 mm. long, slightly sulcate.
Petiolules 3-5 mm. long. Leaflets ovate to broadly elliptic, the base rotund-obtuse
to subcordate, the apex bluntly acute. Inflorescences branched from the base,
rarely lateral branchlets above the base, (6-)12-14 cm. long, the axis densely pi-
lose to pilosulose, sessile; bracts 8-9 mm. long, 3.5-4 mm. wide, flexuose-pilose
on both surfaces, more densely so externally. Hypanthium sparingly puberulous.
Petal blade 4.5-5 mm. long, 7-7.5 mm. wide, oval transversely, the claw about 4
mm. long. Ovary glabrous, or puberulous on the abaxial margin, 3-ovulate, the
gynophore 2.5-3 mm. long, pilosulose, inserted at the top of the hypanthium.
Type Collection: A. Ducke 8461, ‘‘campos a E. de Faro,’’ Para, Brazil, Aug.
1907 (HOLOTYPE presumably at Museo Goeldi, isotypes F-frag., G). Material of
this genus has not been received for study from the Museo Goeldi at Belém, Brazil.
Additional Specimens: BRAZIL: Para: Bas Trombetas, campina do Achipica, Sept.
1910, Ducke 10929 (G); Faro, campos a l’est, May 1911, Ducke 11690 (G, US).
21d. Macrolobium campestre var. arirambense Cowan, var. nov.
Ramuli minute puberuli. Petiolus 10-20 mm. longus, leviter sulcatus. Foliorum
lamina 2-3-jugata, paripinnata; rachibus 15-40 mm. longis, leviter sulcatis. Fo-
liola 4-6.5 cm. longa, 2-3 cm. lata, ovalia ad elliptica, ad basim obtusa, ad api-
cem abrupte acuta, extremitate acuta. Inflorescentiae 25-28 cm. longae, axe brevi-
pilosulo; bracteis 8 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis, elliptico-lanceolatis, acuminatis, in-
tus glabris, extus brevi-pilosulis; bracteolis glabris intus, extus pilosis. Flores
immaturi vel ab insectis vastati. Fructus (nimis maturus) circa 6 cm. longus, 3
cm. latus, oblongus, glaber, carpophoro 10 mm. longo, glabro.
Type Collection: A. Ducke 14848, ‘‘campos do Ariramba, Rio Trombetas,”’
Para, Brazil, Sept. 1913 (HOLOTYPE G, isotype G).
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 303
21le. Macrolobium campestre var. longibracteatum Cowan, var. nov. Figure 7.
Arbor parva, ramulis foliisque glabris. Petiolus 20-28 mm. longus, leviter can-
aliculatus. Folia 2-3-jugata, paripinnata; rachibus 3-5 cm. longis, leviter canali-
culatis. Foliola 6-11.5 cm. longa, 2.5-4.5 cm. lata, ovata, ovato-lanceolata vel
lanceolata, ad basim obtusa ad acuta, ad apicem acuminata. Inflorescentiae 16-
18.5 cm. longae, axe brevi-pilosulo; bracteis 10-12.5 mm. longis, lanceolatis,
acuminatis, brevi-pilosulis; bracteolis 8.5 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis, ellipticis,
acuminatis, extus pilosulis, intus glabris vel sparsissime brevi-pilosulis. Sepala
2-3.5 mm. longa, 1-2 mm. lata, lanceolata. Petali lamina 4 mm. longa, 6 mm. lata,
unguicilo 5 mm. longo. Ovarium 2-3 mm. longum, 1 mm. latum, glabrum, 3-ovula-
tum, gynophoro 1.5 mm. longo, puberulo. Fructus ignotus.
Type Collection: A. Ducke 1242, ‘‘Entroncamento, Belém,’’ Para, Brazil, June
1943 (HOLOTYPE MO, isotypes IAN, NY, US).
Unquestionably, the relationship of this species is with M. arenarium, but this
pair of species is completely without ties to the other species of the genus. They
~ may be regarded as the two extremes of a distinct line of relationship from which
one group of unijugate species may have diverged. Macrolobium campestre ex-
hibits the following characters which amply distinguish it from its only certain
relative: (1) it has 2=3-jugate leaf blades, and (2) its bracts and bracteoles are
pubescent, on one side at least.
Five subspecific taxa are recognized within this species and are here treated
as varieties. Though these are ‘‘definitely accepted by the author,’’ there is the
realization that future collecting within the range of the species may very well
merge some of the less distinct of these. However, in view of the data available,
this disposition of the variants appears to be at least a practical solution to the
problem.
Plants of the typical variety may be recognized by their shrubby habit, their
relatively broad leaflets and by their pilose bracts. Only var. arirambense ap-
proaches it in aspect and the latter (var. arirambense) has very elongate inflores-
cences, the axis of which is short-pilosulose and its branchlets are puberulous.
The relationship of the last-mentioned variety is much nearer var. ongibracteatum,
from which it is distinguished by its puberulous branchlets, differently shaped and
smaller leaflets, longer inflorescences, and smaller bracts. The inflorescences of
var. longibracteatum and arirambense are considerably longer than in any of the
other varieties and are distinctly arcuate, suggesting that they may be pendent in
nature.
Var. arboreum is quite distinct by virtue of its narrow leaflets which are smaller
on the average than those of plants of the other varieties. It becomes a tree of
considerable proportions, attaining heights of 35 m. according to the field notes
of B. A. Krukoff. These characteristics and its longer, differently shaped bracts
serve to separate it from its nearest relative, var. medium. As the epithet of the
latter implies, this variety is transitional, between var. longibracteatum and ar-
boreum. Its shorter bracts, puberulous bracteoles and shorter inflorescences serve
to distinguish it from var. /ongibracteatum.
22. Macrolobium arenarium Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 3: 101. 1922.
Figure 7.
Low shrub to 2 m. tall, the branchlets and leaves glabrous. Petioles 9-17 mm.
long, terete. Petiolules 3-5 mm. long. Leaflets 5.5-10.5 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide,
equilateral, ovate to oval, the base equilateral, obtuse, the apex abruptly acumi-
nate or subacuminate, the extremity obtuse to acute; costa strongly impressed on
the upper surface, salient beneath, the venules subobscure. Inflorescences 4=5.5
2
304 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
cm. long, sessile, the axis glabrous or pilosulose; bracts 8.5-12.5 mm. long, 3-
3.5 mm. wide, lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, sparingly ciliolate, the pedicels
about 3-4 mm. long, glabrous or pilosulose; bracteoles 6-6.5 mm. long, 3.5 mm.
wide, oblanceolate, or oblong-elliptic, the apex tufted and acute, glabrous other-
wise. Hypanthium 1.5=2 mm. long, glabrous. Sepals five, the adaxial pair united
nearly completely, 3.5-4 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, elliptic, acute to acuminate,
glabrous except for the tufted apex. Petal blade 4-5.5 mm. long, 4.5-6.5 mm. wide,
suborbicular to transversely oval, the claw 4 mm. long, glabrous externally, vil-
losulose within. Filaments 15-20 mm. long, villosulose to pilosulose in the lower
part. Pistil glabrous; stigma capitellate; style about 18 mm. long; ovary 3.5 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide, narrowly oblong, 3-4-ovulate, the gynophore 2.5-3.5 mm. long,
inserted in the base of the hypanthium. Fruit (post-mature) i pret elongate-
oblong, the carpophores 10 mm. long.
LECTOTYPE: A. Ducke (H.A.M.P. No.) 15831, ‘Bella Vista, Rio Tapajoz,
pres du dernier rapide,’’ Para, Brazil, Dec. 1915 (presumably deposited at Museo
Goeldi, isolectotype G). The material of this genus in the Museo Goeldi has not
been received for study.
Additional Specimens: BRAZIL: Campina do Perdido, prope Bella Vista, Para, May
1923, Ducke (H.J.B.R. No.) 10916 (G, NY, P, RB, U, US); Bella Vista, Rio Tapajoz, Para,
June 1918, Ducke (H.A.M.P. No.) 17054 (G, US).
The latter collection and the lectotype collection were cited by Ducke in his
original description but neither was designated as the type. Thus the selection of
a lectotype was mandatory. Ducke stated in the discussion following the descrip-
tion of the species that the inflorescence was glabrous but one of the collections
which he cited, Ducke 17054, has pilosulose inflorescences. Consequently, the
other one was chosen for the lectotype because it was felt that it best typified
Ducke’s concept.
The petiolulate, equilateral leaflets of this species lend such a distinctive
aspect to this plant that it is inconceivable that it might be confused with any of
the other unijugate members of this section. It is intimately related to M. cam-
pestre, which has more than a single pair of leaflets per leaf, and bracts and brac-
teoles which are pubescent on one or both sides.
23. Macrolobium canaliculatum Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15(2): 219.
1870. Figure 8.
Vouapa canaliculata (Spruce ex Benth.) Taub. Bot. Centralbl. 47: 393. 189.
Vuapa canaliculata (Spruce ex Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 213. 1891.
Small tree to about 12 m., the branchlets very minutely puberulous. Petioles 6-
11 mm. long, very minutely puberulous, strongly canaliculate, depressed dorsi-
ventrally Petiolules 3-10 mm. long, very minutely puberulous. Leaflets 5.5-12
cm. long, 2.5-4.5 cm. wide, subequilateral, slightly arcuate, elliptic or oblong-
elliptic, the base inequilateral, acute, the lower side long-decurrent on the peti-
olules, the leaflets narrowing toward the rotund-obtuse, entire or emarginate apex,
very minutely puberulous at the base, epunctate; costa plane on the upper sur-
face, salient beneath, the venules prominulous to prominent. Inflorescences 4-6.5
cm. long, the axis very minutely puberulous, the peduncles 6-11 mm. long; bracts
1.5 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, deciduous, triangular, ciliolate; pedicels 4-7 mm.
long, glabrous; bracteoles 10.5 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, oblong-oblanceolate, glab-
rous. Hypanthium 3.5 mm. long on a stipe 3.5 mm. long, both glabrous. Sepals
four, the adaxial one sometimes bifid, 9.5-11 mm. long, 3-4.5 mm. wide, elliptic
to oblong, obtuse, ciliolate, glabrous otherwise. Petal usually retrorse, the blade
6-7 mm. long, 7-8 mm. wide, suborbicular, glabrous, the claw 6.5-7 mm. long,
auriculate, villosulose on the costa of the claw, the auricles ciliolate; scale-like
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 305
petalodia sometimes present. Filaments 20 mm. long, villosulose basally. Stigma
capitate. Style 17 mm. long, glabrous. Ovary 3.5-4.5 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide,
oblong, glabrous, 3-5-ovulate, the gynophore 2.5 mm. long, glabrous. Fruit (old
valves) about 9.5-13 cm. long, 4.5-5 cm. wide, oblong, strongly alate on the ad-
axial margin, the carpophore 10 mm. long, glabrous; seeds 3=5 per fruit, oval.
Type Collection: R. Spruce 2781, ‘‘In sylvis humilioribus fl. Uaupés,’’ Ama-
zonas, Brazil, Dec. 1852 (HOLOTYPE K, isotypes G, GH, NY, P, W).
Additional Specimens: BRAZIL: Upper Rio Curicuriary, trib. of Rio Negro, Nov. 1936,
Ducke 35190 (RB, US). ,
VENEZUELA: Cerro Yavita, Rio Atabapo, Amazonas, Oct. 1950, Maguire 29284 (NY,
US).
There is ample morphologic evidence for assuming a rather close relationship
between this species and M. punctatum. They both have a long-stipitate hypan-
thium and petiolulate leaflets, and they have a similar aspect. M. canaliculatum
may be distinguished from its near relative by its epunctate leaflets, the apices
of which are rotund-obtuse. In addition, M. punctatum also has much shorter se-
pals, smaller bracteoles, and narrower petal blade, and the petal is usually erect.
24. Macrolobium punctatum Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15(2): 219. 1870.
Figure 8.
Vouapa punctata (Spruce ex Benth.) Taub. Bot. Centralbl. 47: 394. 1891.
Vuapa punctata (Spruce ex Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 213. 1891.
Macrolobium punctatum Spruce ex Benth. forma bijugum Ducke, Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg.
Rio de Janeiro 4: 14. 1938.
Shrub or small tree to 8 m. tall, the branchlets very minutely puberulous. Peti-
oles 9-20 mm. long, sulcate on the upper surface, flattened dorso-ventrally, glab-
-rous or very minutely puberulous. Petiolules 2-6 mm. long, glabrous «° very mi-
nutely puberulous. Leaflets (8-)11(-16) cm. long, (2.5-)4(-6.5) cm. wide, strongly
inequilateral, falcate, elliptic or lanceolate, the base strongly inequilateral, the
eet Sse dane: ) | L.
3 ¥ 4 i e ma a
A Hig ee <<) 0
> eae Sree 4 ‘ as 50 .
OO. < a ae ee A)!
4, ‘ Ly . | eS 2
. , . -4 6 ’
‘ ‘ ’ : ued ™ :
InGeorgetown
2. ‘”
4
—_.
AM. caneliculatum
¢ i °o M. punctatum
M. unijugum
‘s A var.fanshawei
@ var. mucronatum
clue ose YF SCALE ® var. unijugum
een = M klugii
FIG. 8. Geographic distribution of M. canaliculatum, M. punctatum, M. unijugum, and
M. klugii.
306 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
lower side rotund and long-decurrent, the upper side acute, the apex acute to acu-
minate, the extremity blunt, entire or emarginate; glabrous, or the base very mi-
nutely puberulous on both surfaces or only on the upper surface, often conspicu-
ously punctate beneath; costa somewhat salient on both sides, the venules promi-
nent, or only prominulous beneath. Inflorescences 4=-7.5 cm. long, the axis glab-
rous or very minutely puberulous, the peduncles 3-11 mm. long; bracts 1.5-2 mm.
long, 1 mm. wide, caducous, triangular, glabrous except for the ciliolate margins;
pedicels (1-)2.5-8 mm. long, glabrous or minutely puberulous; bracteoles 3.5-8 mm.
long, 2-3.5 mm. wide, often caducous, oblong or oblong-obovate, carnose-coriace-
ous, the apex rotund, apiculate or cuspidate, glabrous. Hypanthium 2.5=3.5 mm.
long, on a stipe 2-4 mm. long, glabrous. Sepals four, 4-7.5 mm. long, 2-4 mm.
wide, oblong, apically rotund, concave, glabrous or somewhat ciliolate. Petal
blade 3.5-6 mm. long, 4-4.5 mm. wide, oval to suborbicular, the claw 4-5.5 mm.
long, auriculate basally, glabrous externally or pilosulose basally, ciliolate on
the base of the claw, villosulose within on the claw and up to the center of the
blade on the costa. Filaments 13.5-19.5 mm. long, villose in the lower part. Stigma
capitate. Style 10-13 mm. long, glabrous. Ovary 2.5-4 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide,
more or less elliptic, the adaxial margin strongly alate, 2-4-ovulate, glabrous, the
gynophore 2=2.5 mm. long, glabrous, inserted at the top of the adaxial wall of the
hypanthium. Fruit (sub-mature) 6.5-15 cm. long, 4-5 cm. wide, oblong, glabrous,
the adaxial margin with prominent thin wings, the carpophores 9-11 mm. long,
glabrous. Seeds four per fruit, obovate (immature).
Type Collection: R. Spruce 2734, ‘‘In sylvis humilioribus circa Panure,’’ Bra-
zil, Dec. 1852 (HOLOTYPE K, isotypes G, GH, NY, P, W).
Additional Specimens: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Joao da Lapa, Estacamento, Rio Ig¢ana,
May 1948, Black 48-2731 (NY, U); Miri, Rio Taruma, Manaos, Jan. 1946, Ducke 1871 (F,
GH, IAN, NY, US); campos a L’est de Faro, Jan. 1916, Duche (H.A.M.P. No.) 15911 (also
cired as H. A un P, No. 15976 and H.J.B.R. No. 10910) (G, P, RB, US); Campina da Ponta
Negra, Manaos, Oct. 1929, Ducke 23292 and April 1932, Dacks 23292-A (US); Yucahy,
above mouth of Rio Curicuriary, upper Rio Negro, Nov. 1929, Ducke 23294 (G, P, U, US);
Camanaos, Rio Negro, Sept. 1935, Ducke (H.].B.R. No.) 35191 (K).(type collection of M.
punctatum fm. bijugum Ducke); Rio Negro, Padauiry, Sao Pedro, Oct. 1947, Froes 22655
and 22664 (IAN); Rio Uaupes, Panure, Nov. 1947, Pires 1091 (IAN); Rio Vaupés between
Ipanore and confluence of Rio Negro, Nie! 1947, Schultes & Pires 9120 (US).
In this section there are onlythree species with a single pair of leaflets which
are petiolulate, the above species, M. canaliculatum, and M. arenarium. The latter
species is perhaps the most distinct of the species in the section because of its
equilateral, oval or ovate leaflets which are not at all arcuate or falcate. M. punc-
tatum most closely approaches M. canaliculatum but it may be distinguished by
the usually strong punctation of the leaflets of the former as well as by its nar-
rower, More or less erect petal, and smaller bracteoles. M. canaliculatum has the
petal strongly recurved and much larger bracteoles.
There seems to be no justification for maintaining Ducke’s forma bijugum, the
sole difference being that some of the leaves have two pairs of leaflets.
25. Macrolobium unijugum (Poepp. & Endl.) Cowan, comb. nov. Figure 8.
Inga unijuga Poepp. & Endl..Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl. 3: 79. 1845.
Tree or shrub 3-23 m. tall, the branchlets very minutely puberulous or glab-
rous. Petioles 8-25 mm. long, subsulcate to canaliculate, very minutely puberu-
lous or glabrous. Petiolules'to 3 mm. long sometimes present. Leaflets 10.5-30
cm. long, 3-10 cm. wide, inequilateral to subequilateral, more or less arcuate,
elliptic, the base inequilateral, acute, decurrent, the apex obtusely acute to acu-
minate, the extremity rounded-truncate or acute; upper surface minutely puberu-
lous on the costa or glabrous, beneath glabrous or minutely puberulous on the
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 307
costa or also on the primaries, punctate or epunctate beneath; costa and primaries
more or less impressed on the upper surface, salient beneath, the intramarginal
nerve usually strongly developed. Inflorescence 1.5-7 cm. long, several fascicu-
late in loose clusters or solitary, the axis minutely puberulous, sessile or the pe-
duncle to 2.5 mm. long; bracts 1-1.5 mm. long and wide, caducous, triangular, ob-
long, triangular-oblong or semicircular, ciliolate, glabrous within, minutely puber-
ulous externally, acute to obtuse; pedicels 1.5-4.5 mm. long; bracteoles 4.5=-7.5
mm. long, 2.5-5 mm. wide, rotund, apiculate or mucronate, oblong, obovate, or ob-
long-obovate, concave, glabrous on the inner surface, minutely puberulous exter-
nally. Hypanthium 1-3.5 mm. long on a stipe 0.5-1.5 mm. long, glabrous. Sepals
four or five, 2-7 mm. long, 1-5 mm. wide, obtuse or acuminate, oblong, lanceolate,
triangular, or oval, ciliolate, glabrous within, glabrous to sparsely puberulous ex-
ternally. Petal blade 4.5-6.5 mm. long, 4-7 mm. wide, oval to orbicular, the claw
3-6.5 mm. long, auriculate or non-auriculate, glabrous externally or pilosulose at
the base, ciliolate in the lower part of the claw, villose within on the claw and
into the throat or to the center of the blade, or the blade glabrous. Filaments 15-
25 mm. long, more or less villose or villosulose basally, the anthers 1.5-2.5 mm.
long, 1-1.5 mm. wide. Stigma simple or capitellate. Style 12-18.5 mm. long, glab-
rous to sparsely puberulous basally. Ovary 1.5=2.5 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide,
oval to oblong to elliptic, puberulous on the margins, glabrous on the lateral sur-
faces, rarely puberulous on all surfaces, 2=-G-ovulate; gynophore 2-3.5 mm. long,
glabrous or minutely puberulous, inserted at the margin of the hypanthium. Fruit
10 cm. long, 6.5 cm. wide, obovate, glabrous, irregularly salient-venose, the ad-
axial margin with woody wings.
Key to the Varieties of Macrolobium unijugum
1. Costa and primary veins, including intramarginal vein, markedly impressed on upper
leaflet surface, leaflets punctate beneath; inflorescences 1.5-4.5 cm. long, several
ee ESR hae oF 2 a ae Pe 25c. var. unijugum.
1. Costa impressed but primaries not impressed on upper surface, leaflets epunctate be-
neath; inflorescences 4.5-7 cm. long, borne singly or few together but not in loose
ee ee La nee ae cheat dee sense case cok a bwersvesvnnecccuee Zn
2. Sepals five, lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long; hypanthium 1 mm. long on 0.5 mm. stipe; apex of
ak Bi apiculate; anthers 1.5 mm. long, oval; leaflets sessile. Northern British
a Se i od i aids he ig im dine biome are © 25a. var. fanshawei.
2. Sepals four, oblong, 6-6.5 mm. long; hypanthium about 2.5 mm. long on 1 mm. stipe;
apex of bracteoles mucronate; anthers 2.5 mm. long, oblong; leaflets sometimes with
petiolules to 3 mm. long. Northwesternmost Brazil. .........-. 25b. var. mucronatum.
25a. Macrolobium unijugum var. fanshawei Cowan, var. nov. Figure 8.
Arbor 20 m. alta, 2 dm. diametro, ramulis glabris. Petiolus 12-15 mm. longus,
canaliculatus, glaber. Foliola 12-18.5 cm. longa, 4.5-7 cm. lata, subaequila-
teralia, elliptica, ad basim inaequilateralia, acuta, ad apicem abrupte acuminata,
extremitate obtuso, glabra, epunctata, costa impressa supra, infra salienti, venu-
lis subobscuris supra, infra prominentibus. Inflorescentiae 5 cm. longae, soli-
tariae, axe minute puberulo, pedunculis 2-2.5 mm. longis; bracteis caducis; pedi-
cello 3.5-4 mm. longo, minute puberulo; bracteolis 6 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis, ob-
longis, apiculatis, intus glabris, extus minute puberulis. Hypanthium 1] mm. longum,
stipite 0.5 mm. longo, glabrum. Sepala quinque, 2-3 mm. longa, 1-1.5 mm. lata,
duobus adaxilibus triangularibus, acuminatis, 3 ceteris lanceolatis, acuminatis,
ad apicem ciliolatis. Petali lamina 5 mm. diametro, orbicularis, unguicilo 4 mm.
longo, exauriculato. Filamenta 17.5 mm. longa, basim versus sparse villosula,
antherae 1.5 mm. longae, 1 mm. latae. Stigma subpeltato-capitellatum. Stylus 15.5
mm. longus, glaber. Ovarium 2 mm. longum, 1 mm. latum, oblongum, solum mar-
308 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
.
ginibus puberulis, lateraliter glabrum, 2-ovulatum, gynophoro 3 mm. longo, mi-
nute puberulo. ;
Type Collection: D. B. Fanshawe 752 (F.D. 3488), “Mahdia Ck., Potaro R.,
108 m. Bartica-Potaro Road,’’ British Guiana, June 1942 (HOLOTYPE BGF).
Known only by the type collection.
25b. Macrolobium unijugum var. mucronatum Cowan, var. nov. Figure 8.
Arbor parva, ramulis minutissime puberulis. Petiolus 18-25 mm. longus, levi-
ter sulcatus, minutissime puberulus. Petioluli (0-)3 mm. longi. Foliola 20-30 cm.
longa, 5.5-9 cm. lata, plus minusve aequilateralia, elliptica, ad basim inaequi-
lateralia, acuta, ad apicem acuminata, extremitate obtusa vel acuta, superficie
epunctata, supra glabra, infra in costa minutissime puberula; costa impressa su-
pra, infra salienti, venulis prominulis supra, infra prominentibus. Inflorescentiae
4.5-7 cm. longae, axe minutissime puberulo; bracteis 1.5 mm. longis et latis, tri-
angulari-oblongis, ciliolatis, intus glabris, extus minute puberulis; pedicelli 2-3
mm. longi; bracteolis 7.5 mm. longis, 4 mm. latis, oblongo-obovatis, valde mucro-
natis, intus glabris, extus minute puberulis. Hypanthium 2.5 mm. longum, stipite
1 mm. longo, glabrum. Sepala quattuor, 6-6.5 mm. longa, 2-3 mm. lata, oblonga,
obtusa, glabra vel sparse ciliolata. Petali lamina 6 mm. longa, 5 mm. lata, ova-
lis, glabra, unguicilo 5.5 mm. longo, exauriculato. Filamenta 20.5 mm. longa, ba-
sim versus sparse villosula, antheris 2.5 mm. longis, 1.5 mm. latis, oblongis.
Stigma capitellatum. Stylus 18.5 mm. longus, ad basim sparse puberulus. Ovarium
2 mm. longum, 1 mm. latum, oblongo-ovale, puberulum, 2-ovulatum, gynophoro 2.5
mm. longo, puberulo.
| Type Collection: A. Ducke 35188, ‘‘Igarape Yurupary affl. Rio Uaupés,’’ Ama-
zonas, Brazil, Sept. 1935 (HOLOTYPE US, isotypes G, P, U). Known only by the
type collection.
25c. Macrolobium unijugum var. unijugum, Figure 8.
Inga unijuga Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl. 3: 79. 1845.
Macrolobium limbatum Spruce ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 25: 307. 1865.
Vouapa limbata (Spruce ex Benth.) Taub. Bot. Centralbl. 47: 393. 1891.
Vuapa unijuga (Poepp. & Endl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 213. 1891.
Tree 3-23 m. tall, branchlets very minutely puberulous. Petioles (8-)15-20
(=25) mm. long, subsulcate, very minutely puberulous. Leaflets 10.5-30 cm. long,
3-11 cm. wide, sessile, punctate on the lower surface, the base acute, the apex
bluntly acute or subacuminate; costa and primary veins strongly impressed on the
upper surface, the intramarginal vein prominently produced. Inflorescences 1.5-
4.5 cm. long, several fasciculate in loose clusters; bracteoles obovate or oblong-
obovate, rotund apically or sometimes apiculate. Hypanthium 2-3.5 mm. long. Se-
pals fetr, 4-7 mm. long, 2-5 mm. wide, oblong or oval, obtuse. Anthers 1.5 mm.
long, 1 mm. wide.
Type Collection: FE. Poeppig 2801, ‘‘Brasilia. In sylvis ad Ega,’’ Nov. 1831.
(HOLOTYPE YW, isotypes P, W).
Additional Specimens: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaos, Aug. 1935, Ducke 22 (A, F, IAN,
MO, NY, US); Sao Paulo de Olivenca, Nov. 1927, Ducke 20316 (G, U, US); circa Cachoeira
do Mingus Manaos, Sept. 1929, Ducke (H..J M. palustre
)\ §M. savannarum
oie \ f \ OM. pendulum
tage ines ee | F hie Q , YM stenopetalum
ete,
ox eo B
FIG. 11. Geographic distribution of several species of Macrolobium.
31. Macrolobium duckeanum Cowan, sp. nov. Figure 11.
Arbor( ?), ramulis foliisque glabris. Petiolus 10-15 mm. longus, canaliculatus,
glaber. Foliola 8.5-11.5 cm. longa, 4-6 cm. lata, valdissime inaequilateralia, ar-
cuata, elliptica, basis inferiore latere auriculato, superiore acuto, ad apicem acuta
et extremitate acuta vel obtusa, saepe inaequilaterali; costa saliens, venuli con-
spicui. Inflorescentiae 3.5-7 cm. longae, axe dense puberulo, pedunculo 2-5 mm.
longo; bracteis 2.5 mm. longis, 1.5 mm. latis, caducis, oblongo-ovatis, intus gla-
bris, extus dense puberulis; pedicelli 2.5 mm. longi, dense puberuli; bracteolis 6
mm. longis, 3-4.5 mm. latis, oblongis vel ovalibus, concavis, apiculatis, intus
_ glabris, extus dense puberulis. Hypanthium 2 mm. longum, sessile, glabrum. Se-
pala quinque, duobus adaxilibus fere omnino conjugentibus, 4.5-5 mm. longa, 1.5-
2.5 mm. lata, oblonga, vel ovalia, acuta, concava, irregulariter ciliolata. Petali
lamina 5.5 mm. longa, 8 mm. lata, transverse ovalis, unguicilo late alato, petala
x)
‘ ‘
318 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
ad basim ciliolata et extus pilosula, intus pilosa in unguicilo. Filamenta 11.5-
15.5 mm. longa, ad basim villosa. Stigma capitellatum. Stylus 17.5 mm. longus, ad
basim puberulus. Ovarium 2 mm. longum, 1 mm. latum, oblongum, puberulum, 2-
ovulatum, gynophoro 2 mm. longo, puberulo. Fructus (senes valvae solum) circa
10.5 cm. longus, 4 cm. latus, oblongus, alis angustis, carpophorum 8 mm. longum,
minute puberulum. Semina 2.5 cm. longa, 2 cm. lata, ovalia, plana, testa tenui-
coriacea, plus minusve venosa.
Type Collection: A. Ducke 15605, ‘‘chemin de fer d’Alcobaca, Tocantins,
Campina d’Arumatéua,’’ State of Para, Brazil, Jan. 1915 (HOLOTYPE US, iso-
type G). Known only by the type collection.
It is with the greatest pleasure that this species is named for Dr. Adolpho
Ducke, who has contributed so richly to the knowledge of the flora of northeastern
South America by his extensive collections and voluminous writings. He has de-
scribed a large number of species of Macrolobium and his synopsis of the genus
in the Amazonian Hyalea was quite well done. It is fitting, then, that his name be
perpetuated in a species of a genus to which he has given so much of his time
and energy.
The collection cited was identified as M. bifolium when received for this
study. While this is the closest relative of the new species, the latter is readily
recognizable by the rotund-auriculate lower side of the leaflet base, its puberu-
lous rather than papillate-puberulous ovary, its transversely oval petal blade, and
its minutely puberulous rather than papillate-puberulous fruit.
32. Macrolobium amplexans (Amshoff) Cowan, comb. nov. Figure 11.
Macrolobium bifolium (Aubl.) Pers. var. amplexans Amsh. Bull. Torrey Club 75: 388.
1948.
Tree to 40 m. tall, 1 m. in diameter, the branchlets very minutely puberulous.
Petioles 8-13 mm. long, canaliculate, very minutely puberulous. Leaflets 8.5-17
cm. long, 3-7.5 cm. wide, arcuate, oblong-elliptic, the base inequilateral, acute,
the lower side decurrent, the apex truncate-acute, epunctate, minutely puberulous ©
at the base on the upper surface, glabrous beneath; costa plane above, salient be-
neath, the venules prominulous above, prominent beneath. Inflorescences 3.5-7
cm. long, ramiflorous, the axis minutely puberulous, the peduncles about 2 mm.
long; bracts 1 mm. long and wide, triangular, ciliolate, glabrous on the inner sur-
face, minutely puberulous externally; pedicels 2-5 mm. long; bracteoles 6 mm.
long, 4 mm. wide, oblong-oval, slightly apiculate, glabrous within, minutely pu-
berulous externally. Hypanthium 1.5 mm. long, glabrous. Sepals four, 3-4 mm.
long, 2.5 mm. wide, oval to oblong, obtuse, glabrous. Petal blade 6 mm. long, 7
mm. wide, about orbicular, the claw 4 mm. long, very strongly auriculate basally,
the auricles pilosulose externally and ciliolate, villose within on the claw and up
to the center of the blade. Filaments villose over most of the surface. Stigma
peltate. Style about 15 mm. long, very minutely puberulous basally. Ovary 3 mm. —
long, 1.5 mm. wide, oblong, minutely puberulous on all surfaces, 2-ovulate, the
gynophore 3 mm. long, minutely puberulous, inserted midway on the adaxial wall
of the hypanthium. Fruit unknown.
Type Collection: B. Maguire 24308, ‘high bush north of Savanna I, Tafelberg,
Surinam,’’ Aug. 1944 (HOLOTYPE NY, isotypes F, G, MO, U, US). Known only by
the type collection.
Miss Amshoff in describing this group as a variety of M.bifolium was certainly
not far afield, for in many respects obvious similarities do exist. However, it is
held that there are ample characters of sufficient magnitude and importance for its
elevation to specific rank.
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 319
The inflorescences of M. amplexans are ramiflorous and are minutely puberu-
lous with simple hairs, whereas those of M. bifolium are borne principally on the
current year’s branchlets and are densely puberulous with ribbon-like hairs. Fur-
ther, the flowers of the latter are typically densely congested, but in M.amplexans
they aré distant. Also the costa of the leaflets in the latter is not sulcate on the
upper surface as it is in M. bifolium nor are the venules prominent on the upper
surface of the leaflets.
33. Macrolobium suaveolens Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15(2): 219. 1870.
Figure 11.
Tree to 13 m. tall, the branchlets usually glabrous, rarely pilosulose or mi-
nutely puberulous. Petioles glabrous or minutely puberulous, sulcate to canalicu-
late. Leaflets 7-14 cm. long, 3-5.5 cm. wide, arcuate to falcate, elliptic, the base
inequilateral, acute, the apex acute to acuminate, the extremity acute to obtuse;
lower surface punctate or epunctate, glabrous, upper surface glabrous or puberu-
lous on the costa and base; costa plane to salient, the venules obscure to promi-
nent. Inflorescences 2-8 cm. long, the axis minutely puberulous, the peduncles
1-3 mm. long; bracts 1-1.5 mm. long and wide, triangular or ovate, acute or acu-
minate, ciliolate, glabrous or infrequently minutely puberulous on the outer sur-
face; pedicels 1-4.5 mm. long, sparsely puberulous or glabrous; bracteoles 5-6.5
mm. long, 2.5-4 mm. wide, oblong or oval, glabrous within or sparingly pilose,
minutely puberulous externally, at least at the apex. Hypanthium 1-2 mm. long, on
a stipe to 1 mm. long or sessile, glabrous or sparsely puberulous. Sepals five,
free or infrequently the adaxial pair partly united, 1-4 mm. long, 0.5-1.5 mm.
wide, lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, oblong or elliptic, or when strongly dimorphic,
the adaxial pair triangular and smaller, glabrous or ciliolate near the apex. Petal
blade 3-7 mm. long, 3.5-7 mm. wide, orbicular to transversely oval, the claw 4-6
mm. long, wider at the base to definitely auriculate, pilose externally toward the
base, the claw more or less ciliolate, glabrous within or sparingly villose. Fila-
ments 15.5-2I mm. long, villose or villosulose in the basal portion. Stigma capi-
tellate, capitate,-or peltate. Style 10-22 mm. long, glabrous or more often puberu-
lous basally. Ovary 1-2.5 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, oblong or oval, glabrous to
minutely puberulous, 2-3-ovulate; gynophore 2=3.5 mm. long, minutely puberulous
or pilosulose. Fruit unknown.
Key to the Varieties of Macrolobium suaveolens
1. Ovary glabrous, adaxial surface of gynophore pilosulose; leaflets with upper margin
eet Sta lene “LOWE? MarTPIn ArCUAates 6. sie. ce cc caceccccccces 33e. var. suaveolens.
1. Ovary minutely puberulous on all surfaces or only on margins with lateral surfaces gla-
eee ME OURS AOE LER ILOTE AECUAIC. |. wv a.diinicikidbdiciele. J io elnlerPe.n.cmielsswis'e w Palle d 2a
ES AED SESE TOCE so yg dn wc tals wise au «ec b's h 010, u\6.0's 0:00.00 06 aus 60s ee.cee 3
re mernrrenens SOOM IMAERINE | i)... cere sts tic cco ewcaWeetudecdecstecccsaccese 4.
3. Leaflets epunctate on lower surface, minute-puberulous above at base and on most of
length of strongly salient costa, petioles densely minutely puberulous. Potaro River
er Cees! DCIS MIRNA. ons sen passin wsncteencnsces 33a. var. pakarimense.
3. Leaflets punctate on lower surface, glabrous, costa plane to salient on upper surface,
es pis beOns. ent) Dinsils sl. Se Se le wee cece ee 33b. var. rondonianum.
4. Bracteoles more or less pilose within; petioles mostly 7-13 mm. long. .......eeeee00%
ee ee ee eh na aE EE wae idl okie ainsi ad detis » wuts, SSCs Vals peHolatum.
4, SMe oles glabrous on inner surface; petioles 3.5-6 mm. long. 33d. var. uaupesense.
33a. Macrolobium suaveolens var. pakarimense Cowan, var. nov. Figure 11.
Arbor 10-13 m. alta, 15 cm. diametro, ramulis minute puberulis. Petiolus 4-6
mm. longus, leviter sulcatus, valde minuto-puberulus. Foliola 7-9.5 cm. longa, 3-
4 cm. lata, arcuata, ad apicem abrupte acuta, extremitate obtusa vel acuta, supra
in costa minute puberula, infra glabra, costa valde salienti supra, infra plana,
320 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
venulis subprominulis. Inflorescentiae ad 5cm. longae; pedicello 2.5-4 mm. longo;
bracteolis 5.5 mm.‘longis, 3 mm. latis, oblongis, intus glabris, extus minuto-pu-
berulis, obtusis et parce apiculatis. Sepala. quinque, duobus adaxilibus partim
conjunctis, 3.5-4 mm. longa, 1-1.5 mm. lata, lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata, ad
apicem sparse ciliolata. Petali lamina circa 7mm. diametro, orbicularis, unguicilo
4~5 mm. longo, auriculato. Stylus 14-15 mm. longus, basim versus puberulus.
Ovarium 2 mm. longum, 1 mm. latum, ubique minuto-puberulum, gynophoro 3.5 mm.
longo, minuto-puberulo.
Type Collection: B. Maguire & D. B. Fanshawe 32210, ‘‘margin of Imbaimadai
Savanna, Upper Mazaruni River, Pakarima Mts., 550 m. alt., British Guiana,’’ Oct.
1951 (HOLOTYPE NY, isotypes F, G, GH, K, MO, U, US, VEN).
Additional Specimens: Bartica-Potaro Road, 107 m., Nov. 1943, Fanshawe 1470 (For-
estry Dept. 4206) (BGF). ;
33b. Macrolobium suaveolens var. rondonianum (Hoehne) Cowan, comb. nov. Fig-
ure 11.
Macrolobium Rondonianum Hoehne, Comm. Linh. Teleg. Ann. 5, Bot. pt. 8: 32. 1919.
Tree with glabrous branchlets and leaves. Petioles 4-5 mm. long. Leaflets
9.5-13 cm. long, 3.5-5 cm. wide, arcuate, acute to long-acuminate, the extremity
usually obtuse, punctate on the lower surface, the venules prominulous above,
prominulous to prominent beneath. Inflorescences 2-4.5 cm. long; bracts triangu-
lar, acute, glabrous except for the ciliolate margins or very minutely puberulous
externally; pedicels 1-2.5 mm. long, glabrous or sparsely and minutely puberu-
lous; bracteoles 5.5-6 mm. long, 2.5-3.5 mm. wide, oblong, glabrous within,
sparsely and minutely puberulous outside, at least near the apex. Sepals 1.5=3
mm. long, 0.5-1.5 mm. wide, more or less ciliolate. Petal blade 3-4.5 mm. long,
3.5-4.5 mm. wide, transversely oval, the claw 4-4.5 mm. long, exauriculate. Fila-
ments 17-17.5 mm. long, sparsely villose basally. Stigma capitellate to capitate.
Style 14.5 mm. long, basally minutely puberulous. Ovary 2 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm.
wide, minutely puberulous on all surfaces, the gynophore 2.5 mm. long, minutely
puberulous. ;
Specimens Examined: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Estrada do Aleixo, Manaos, May 1937,
Ducke 489 (A, F, MO, NY, US); same data, Ducke 35195 (U, US); Rio Uaupes, Taraqua,
Nov. 1947, Pires 984 (IAN); Rio Uaupes, Panure, Nov. 1947, Pires 1077 (IAN).
Although no authentic material of Hoehne’s species has been examined, it ap-
pears probable from his published plate and description that his species is identi-
cal with this variety. Accordingly the epithet is retained in a new combination. ©
The type material is probably at the Museo Goeldi but material of this genus has
not been received from that institution.
33c.*Macrolobium suaveolens var. petiolatum Cowan, var. nov. Figure 11.
Arbor mediocris 10 m. alta, ramulis foliisque glabris. Petiola 7-13 mm. longa,
canaliculata. Foliola 8-14 cm. longa, 2.5-5.5 cm. lata, arcuata ad falcata, ad
apicem acuminata vel acuta et extremitate acuta vel obtusa, punctata vel epunc-
tata, costa valdissime salienti supra, infra plana ad subsalienti, venulis promi-
nulis ad prominentibus. Inflorescentiae 3.5-8 cm. longae, pedunculo 1.5-3 mm.
longo; bracteis 1-1.5 mm. longis et latis, triangularibus, glabris, marginibus cili-
olatis exceptis; pedicelli 2-4.5 mm. longi, minute puberuli; bracteolis 5-6.5 mm.
longis, 3-4 mm. latis, oblongis vel ovalibus, plus minusve pilosis intus, extus
puberulis. Sepala adaxilia 1.5-2 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, triangularia, cetera 2.5-
3.5 mm. longa, 1-2 mm. lata, lanceolata ad oblonga, acuta vel acuminata, plus
minusve ciliolata vel glabra. Petali lamina 3.5-5.5 mm. longa, 4-5.5 mm. lata,
orbicularis vel transverse ovalis, unguicilo 4-6 mm. longo. Filamenta 15.5-18 mm.
longa, villosa basim versus. Stigma capitellatum ad peltatum. Stylus 10-16 mm.
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 321
longus, glaber vel basim versus puberulus. Ovarium 1.5-2.5 mm. longum, 1-1.5
mm. latum, oblongum, marginibus minute puberulis, lateribus glabris, 2-3-ovula-
tum, gynophoro 2=3.5 mm. longo, minute puberulo.
Type Collection: A. Ducke 35194, ‘silva terris altis ad meridiem Parana do
Ramos, Parintins,’’ Amazonas, Brazil, Jan. 1936 (HOLOTYPE US, isotype G, U).
Additional Specimens: Rio Taruma, Manaos, Amazonas, Brazil, Jan. 1941, Ducke 1012
(IAN, NY, US); Bella Vista, Rio Tapajoz, Para, Brazil, Jan. 1918, Ducke 10913 (H.A.M.P.
No. 16912) (G, P, U, US); Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, Dept. Loreto, Peru, Dec. 1929, Klug
717 (F, NY, US).
There is but slight variability in the aspect of the specimens cited above, but
Ducke 1012 shows several characteristics which are at definite variance with the
rest of the material. In spite of this it is assigned here, but its characters are not
incorporated in the description. It has pilosulose branchlets, shorter petioles, and
longer adaxial sepals.
33d. Macrolobium suaveolens var. uaupesense Cowan, var. nov. Figure 11.
Arbor parva, ramulis glabris. Petiolus 3.5-G6 mm. longus, glaber. Foliola 8-14
cm. longa, 3-5 cm. lata, subfalcata ad falcata, ad apicem abrupte acuminata vel
longo-acuminata, glabra, costa subsalienti, venulis obscuris ad subprominulis.
Inflorescentiae 2-4 cm. longae, pedunculo circa 1.5 mm. longo; bracteis caducis,
circa 1 mm. longis, 1 mm. latis, triangularibus; pedicelli 2-2.5 mm. longi; brac-
teolis 5-6 mm. longis, 3-4 mm. latis, oblongis vel ovalibus, ad apicem rotundatis
apiculatisque, glabris intus, extus minuto-puberulis. Sepala adaxilia 1-2 mm.
longa, 0.5-1 mm. lata, triangularia, acuta vel acuminata, cetera 2.5-3.5 mm. longa,
1-1.5 mm. lata, lanceolata vel elliptica, acuta, glabra vel ad apicem ciliolata.
Petali lamina 3.5-5.5 mm. longa, 5-6.5 mm. lata, transverse ovalis vel suborbicu-
‘laris, unguicilo 4-7 mm. longo, nonnihil auriculato. Filamenta 19.5-21 mm. longa.
Stigma capitellatum. Stylus 16.5-22 mm. longus, glaber vel ad basim puberulus.
Ovarium 1.5-2.5 mm. longum, 1 mm. latum, oblongum, 2-ovulatum, marginibus pu-
berulis, lateraliter glabris, gynophoro 2=2.5 mm. longo, minute puberulo.
Type Collection: R. Schultes & J. Pires 9069, ‘'Taracua, Igarapé da Chuva,
Rio Vaupés between Ipanore and confluence of Rio Negro, Amazonas,’’ Brazil,
Nov. 1947 (HOLOTYPE US).
Additional Specimens: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Sao Paulo de Olivenga, Rio Solimoes, Nov.
1940, Ducke 358 (Y) and Oct. 1931, Ducke 24065 (RB, US); Rio Uaupés, Taraqua, Nov.
1947, Pires 995 (IAN).
33e. Macrolobium suaveolens var. suaveolens. Figure 11.
Vouapa suaveolens (Spruce ex Benth.) Taub. Bot. Centralbl. 47: 394. 1891.
Vuapa suaveolens (Spruce ex Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 213. 1891.
Shrub to 5 m. tall or small tree, the branchlets and leaves glabrous. Petioles
5-6 mm. long. Leaflets 8-11.5 cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide, falcate, the apex acumi-
nate with the extremity obtuse, the upper margin nearly straight, the lower arcu-
ate; costa plane above, salient beneath, the venules prominulous. Inflorescences
4.5-6.5 cm. long, the peduncle about 1 mm. long; bracts 1.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide,
ovate, acuminate, glabrous except for the ciliolate margins; pedicels 1-3.5 mm.
long, sparsely and minutely puberulous; bracteoles 5-6 mm. long, 3-3.5 mm. wide,
oblong, minutely apiculate, glabrous within, externally minutely puberulous at
least on the apex and costa. Sepals dimorphic, the adaxial ones 1-1.5 mm. long,
about 1 mm. wide, triangular, acute, the others 2.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, ob-
long-lanceolate, acute, glabrous. Petal blade about 4 mm. in diameter, orbicular,
the claw 4 mm. long, broader at the base but not auriculate. Filaments 16 mm.
long. Stigma peltate. Style 11 mm. long, glabrous. Ovary 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide,
glabrous, oblong, the gynophore 2.5 mm. long, pilosulose on the adaxial surface.
322 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
%
Type Collection: R. Spruce 2771, ‘‘In sylvis ‘Caatingas’...fluv. Uaupés,’’
Brazil, Nov. 1852 (HOLOTYPE K, isotypes F, G, GH, NY, P, W).
Additional Specimens: Rio Negro, Vila Icana, April 1947, Pires 450 (IAN).
The relationships of this species are not particularly well defined but it is
perhaps more nearly related to M. amplexans than to any other species. It may be
distinguished by its minutely puberulous branchlets, ramiflorous inflorescences,
and four-parted calyx. |
The prime character utilized in segregating the varieties is the distribution of
the pubescence on the ovary. The ovary of varieties pakarimense and rondonianum
is puberulous on all surfaces, while that of varieties petiolatum and uaupesense
is puberulous only on the margins, and the ovary of the typical variety is com-
pletely glabrous.
34. Macrolobium parvifolium (Huber) Cowan, comb. nov. Figure 11.
Macrolobium suaveolens Spruce ex Benth. war. parvifolium Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 5:
389. 1909.
Small shrub, the branchlets minutely puberulous. Petioles circa 4 mm. long,
canaliculate, glabrous. Leaflets 4-7 cm. long, 1.5-2.5 cm. wide, glabrous, epunc-
tate, inequilateral, arcuate, oval-elliptic or lanceolate, the base inequilateral,
subobtuse, the lower side rotund, the apex abruptly or evenly acute, the extremity
obtuse or acute; costa subsalient, the venules obscure. Inflorescence 4-14 cm.
long, the axis minutely puberulous with the basal portion invested by closely im-
bricate, persistent, sterile bracts; bracts 2 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, ovate, cilio-
late, glabrous within, minutely puberulous externally; bracteoles 4.5 mm. long,
2.5 mm. wide, oblong, apiculate, glabrous within, minutely puberulous externally.
Hypanthium 1 mm. long, glabrous, sessile. Sepals five, free, glabrous, the ad-
axial pair 0.5-1 mm. long, 0.5-0.7 mm. wide, triangular, acute, the others 2.5=3
mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, lanceolate, acute, or acuminate. Petal blade 4.5 mm.
long, 6 mm. wide, transversely oval, the claw 2.5 mm. long, auriculate, pilosulose
externally and ciliolate on the auricles, sparsely villosulose within on the claw
and up to the center. of the blade. Filaments 11.5 mm. long, villose in the basal
part. Stzgma capitate. Sty/e 12 mm. long, glabrous. Ovary 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide,
oblong, glabrous, 2-ovulate, the gynophore 2 mm. long, glabrous. Fruit unknown.
Type Collection: A. Ducke 8497, ‘‘campos a E. de Faro,’’ Para, Brazil, July
1907 (HOLOTYPE presumably at Museo Goeldi, isotypes F-frag., G, US). Material
of this genus has not been received for study from the Museo Goeldi.
Additional Specimens: Faro, Para, Brazil, May 1911, Ducke 11697 (G).
Macrolobium parvifolium was originally described as a variety of M. suaveo-
lens, to which it is undoubtedly rather closely allied, but there are so many dif-
ferences that it deserves specific recognition. The most striking feature of the
plant is the densely bracteate base of the inflorescence axis, and it is this char-
acteristic which most readily separates it from any part of M. swaveolens, as well
as from other species. Its glabrous ovary distinguishes it from all the varieties of
M. suaveolens except the typical one. Its leaflet shape and size, glabrous gyno-
phore, and shape of the petal blade serve to differentiate it from the latter.
35. Macrolobium palustre Ducke, Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio de Janeiro 4: 13. 1938.
Figure 11. < .
_Small tree, the branchlets glabrous. Leaves unijugate to bijugate; the petioles
13-18 mm. long, canaliculate; rachis 0-22 mm. long, canaliculate, glabrous. Leaf-
lets 6.5-9.5 cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide, glabrous, epunctate, slightly arcuate, ellip-
tic, the base inequilateral, acute, the apex acute with a rounded-truncate extrem-
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 323
ity; costa subimpressed on the upper surface, salient beneath, the venules promi-
nent. Inflorescences to 7 cm. iong, glabrous, the peduncles 5-6 mm. long; pedi-
cels 6-8 mm. long, glabrous; bracteoles 10-11 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, oblong and
cuspidate or elliptic and acute, glabrous, coriaceous. Hypanthium 2 mm. long on
a stipe ‘about 1 mm. long, glabrous. Sepals four, 7-8 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. wide,
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute, slightly concave, ciliolate in the apical
portion. Petal blade 6 mm. long, 7.5 mm. wide, transversely oval, the claw 5-6
mm. long, auriculate basally, glabrous externally, ciliolate on the lower portion
of the claw, villose within on the claw and up to the center of the blade. Fila-
ments 16.5 mm. long, villose basally. Stigma capitate. Style 13 mm. long, gla-
brous. Ovary 2.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, oblong, glabrous, 1-2-ovulate, the gyno-
phore 2.5-3 mm. long, glabrous, inserted midway on the adaxial hypanthial wall.
Fruit unknown.
Type Collection: A. Ducke (H.J.B.R. No.) 35193, ‘‘Igarape Macacury, Rio Ne-
gro, Cucuhy,’’ Amazonas, Brazil, September 1935 (HOLOTYPE RB, isotypes G,
P, U, US).
Macrolobium palustre is obviously related to M. pendulum but differs in so
many characters, both quantitative and qualitative, that it has been regarded as
specifically distinct, although the first reaction was to treat it as a variety within
M.pendulum. In addition to differing bythe frequent occurrence of bijugate leaves,
M. palustre has caducous stipules, longer petioles, longer sepals and petal claw,
and basally villose filaments. Also, whereas M. pendulum is distributed along the
lower basin of the Amazon River, this species is known only from the upper Rio
Negro region.
36. Macrolobium savannarum Cowan, sp. nov. Figure 11.
Arbuscula ad 1 m. alta, ramulis minute et sparse puberulis. Stipulae caducae,
‘2 mm. longae, 0.5 mm. latae, subulatae, acuminatae, sparsissime ciliolatae. Peti-
olus 1.5-4 mm. longus, minute puberulus. Foliola 1.5-5.5 cm. longa, 1-2.5 cm.
lata, inaequilateraliter subfalcato-elliptica, ad basim inaequilateralia, latere in-
feriore obtuso sed superiore acuto, ad apicem acuta et extremitate obtusa, glabra,
epunctata; costa leviter salienti, venulis utrogue conspicuis. Inflorescentiae 1.5-
3cm. longae, glabrae, pedunculo 1-2 mm. longo; bracteis caducis; pedicellis 5-15
mm. longis, glabris; bracteoli 9-11 mm. longi, 4-7 mm. lati, oblongi, obovati vel
oblongo-obovati, glabri, apiculati, intus carnosissimi. Hypanthium 1.5-2 mm.
longum, glabrum. Sepala quattuor, 4-8 mm. longa, 1.5-4 mm. lata, oblonga vel lan-
ceolata, ad apicem eroso-dentata, glabra. Petali lamina 6-7.5 mm. longa, 6.5 mm.
lata, orbicularis, unguicilo 5-8 mm. longo, alato, haud auriculato; 1=4 petalodia
4-7.5 mm. longa, linearia vel lineari-oblanceolata. Filamenta 13.5-15.5 mm. longa,
glabra. Stigma capitellatum. Stylus 10-13.5 mm. longus, glaber. Ovarium 2-2.5
mm. longum, 1-1.5 mm. latum, oblongum, glabrum, (2-)3-ovulatum, gynophoro 2=2.5
mm. longo, glabro. Fructus ignotus.
Type Collection: B. Maguire, R. Cowan, & J]. Wurdack 30540, ‘‘Yapacana Sa-
vanna, base of Cerro Yapacana, Rio Orinoco,’’ Amazonas, Venezuela, Jan. 1951
(HOLOTYPE NY, isotypes F, G, K, MO, U, US).
Additional Specimens: Same data, Maguire, Cowan & Wurdack 30505 (IAN, NY, VEN).
This new species is most nearly related to M. pendulum but there are several
very distinct differences separating them. M. savannarum has caducous stipules,
epunctate leaflets, and it is a low shrub of southwestern Venezuela. M. pendulum
has persistent stipules, often punctate leaflets, and it is a tree 8-20 m. tall in
the Amazon Delta region and southern Amazonas in Brazil.
This species was the dominant shrub in the open wet savanna where it was
growing but was not found in the semi-savanna areas nearer the river. The soil of
-
324 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
the savanna was pure white quartz sand and at the time the specimens cited were
collected it was covered by six to eight inches of water.
37. Macrolobium pendulum Willd. ex Vogel, Linnaea 11: 412. 1837. Figure 11.
Macrolobium racemigerum Tulasne, Arch. Mus. Par. 4:174. 1844.
Vouapa pendula (Willd. ex Vogel) Taub. Bot. Centralbl. 47: 394. 1891.
Vuapa pendula (Willd. ex Vogel) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 212. 1891.
Vuapa racemigera (Tul.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 212. 1891.
Tree 8-20 m. tall, the branchlets very minutely puberulous or rarely glabrous.
Stipules 5-12 mm. long, 0.5-1.5 mm. wide, persistent, linear to falcate-linear, cil-
iolate, acuminate. Petioles 4-12 mm. long, canaliculate, glabrous orvery minutely
puberulous on the upper surface; rachis rudiment 4.5-10.5 mm. long, persistent,
acicular. Leaflets 5.5-11.5(-15) cm. long, 2-5(-6) cm. wide, arcuate-elliptic, the
base inequilateral, acute, the apex acute with obtuse extremity, glabrous or spar-
ingly and very minutely puberulous at the base of the upper surface, sometimes
punctate beneath; costa plane above, salient beneath, the venules prominulous to
prominent. Inflorescences 7-10.5 cm. long, glabrous, pendent, the peduncles 3-6
mm. long, the flowers distant, the buds lanceolate, acuminate; bracts 1.5-2 mm.
long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, caducous, oblong, acute, glabrous except for the ciliolate
margin; pedicels 7-12 mm. long; bracteoles 8.5-10.5 mm. long, 2-4.5 mm. wide,
lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous or sometimes sparsely puberulous within at the
base. Hypanthium 1-2 mm. long, sessile or on a 0.5 mm. long stipe, glabrous. Se-
pals four, 3.5-6 mm. long, 1-3.5 mm. wide, oblong, elliptic or lanceolate, the ad-
axial one obtuse, the others acute or acuminate, glabrous except for the tufted-
ciliate apices. Petal blade 4.5-5 mm. long, 6.5-7.5 mm. wide, transversely oval,
the claw 2.5 mm. long, auriculate basally, glabrous externally, villosulose within
on the claw and into the throat of the blade. Filaments 11.5-21 mm. long, gla-
brous. Sizgma usually simple. Style 14-19.5 mm. long, glabrous. Ovary 2-3 mm.
long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, elliptic to oblong, glabrous, 2-ovulate; gynophore 3=3.5 mm.
long, glabrous, inserted at the apex of the adaxial wall of the hypanthium. Fruit
6-8 cm. long, 4-5.5 cm. wide, oval, glabrous, the carpophores 6-7 mm. long, gla-
brous. Seeds 1-2 per fruit, about 3.5 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, oval, the testa crus-
tose, venose.
Specimens Examined: BRAZIL: Para: Belem, Aug. 1948, Addison s.n. (IAN); South
Forest of I. A. N., Belem, Dec. 1942, Archer 7956 (IAN); Rio Guama, Sao Miguel, Aug.
1948, Dardano & Black 48-3066 and 48-3085 (IAN); Arrayollos, April 1903, Ducke 3523
(G); Rio Cumina, Nov. 1907, Ducke 8889 (G); upper Rio Ariramba, Dec. 1910, Ducke 11321
(G); Rio Cumina, bas Trombetas, Dec. 1910, Ducke 11475 (G); alto Rio Ariramba, Oct.
1913, Ducke 14959 (G); Lago Curumun, Obidos, Ducke 15310 (BM, G); Arrayollos, regione
Almeirim, April 1923, Ducke 16934 (U); Maranhao, Assutina-Carutapera, Sept.—Dec. 1940,
Froes 11951 (NY, US); Ile Mexiana, Sept. 1901, Guedes 2375 (G); Broganca, Dec. 1899,
Huber 1710 (US); Ilha das Oncas, Belem, Sept. 1903, Huber 3842 (G); Rio Acara, Thome
Assu, Bist. Acara, Aug. 1931, Mexia 6050 (F, G, GH, MO, NY, U, UC, US); Para, 1929,
Moss 38 (US); Her ore Amazonicae indigenum, juxta E AM. .% ” Poca 2889 (F, G, P)
(TYPE COLLECTION of M. racemigerum Tul.); Cameta, Sept. 1903, Siqueira 3795 (G);
Belem, grounds of I. A. N., Jan. 1944, Silva 42 (IAN). Amazonas: Fozdo Jutahy, Nov.
1927, Ducke 20314 (RB); Municip. Humayta, near Tres Casas, Sept.-Oct. 1934, Krukoff
6162 (A, BM, F, MO, NY, U, US).
Although the type of this. species has not been available for study, Vogel’s
description leaves no doubt of the identity of the group. Apparently he adopted an
herbarium name of Willdenow’s, supplied it with a description, = attributed it to
the latter. .
This is one of the most distinct species of this section and is not likely to be
confused with any other group. The persistent stipules and rachis rudiment alone
are important distinguishing characters, but the pendent racemes of widely sep-
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 325
arated flowers are also distinctive. These characters serve to differentiate it from
its relatives M. palustre and M. savannarum.,
38. Macrolobium stenopetalum Amshoff, Bull. Torrey Club 75: 389. 1948. Figure 11.
Shrub 1.5-3 m. tall to small tree 10 m. tall, the branchlets and leaves gla-
brous. Petioles 3-6 mm. long, canaliculate. Leaflets 4-10 cm. long, 1.5=2.5 cm.
wide, inequilateral, strongly falcate, lanceolate, the base inequilateral, acute,
the apex acute to acuminate, punctate on the lower surface; costa plane to im-
pressed on the upper surface, salient beneath, the venules prominulous to promi-
nent. Inflorescences 3=-5.5 cm. long, glabrous, the peduncles 5-6.5 mm. long;
bracts 1 mm. long and wide, persistent, triangular, acute, ciliolate; pedicels 5-
8.5 mm. long; bracteoles 8-13.5 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, oblong to lanceolate,
apiculate to acuminate, glabrous. Hypanthium 3-4 mm. long, sessile or with a
stipe to 0.5 mm. long, glabrous. Sepals four, 6-9.5 mm. long, 1.5-4 mm. wide, ob-
long, oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate, acute, glabrous except for the ciliolate
apices. Petal 7-12.5 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. wide near the apex, spatulate, pilosu-
lose externally and ciliolate at the base, villose within on the lower portion, the
claw not distinct. Filaments 18.5-22.5 mm. long, villose toward the base. Stigma
capitellate. Style 15-20 mm. long, glabrous to sparsely puberulous basally. Ovary
3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, oblong, glabrous to sparingly puberulous on the mar-
gins, the lateral surfaces glabrous, 2-ovulate; gynophore 3-5 mm. long, glabrous
to sparsely and minutely puberulous, inserted at the margin of the adaxial hypan-
thial wall. Fruit 10 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, oblong, the carpophores about 13 mm.
long, sparsely and minutely puberulous basally. Seed 2 cm. in diameter, suborbic-
ular, flat, the membranous testa sparsely venulose.
Type Collection: B. Maguire 24792, ‘‘Savanna No. IV, Tafelberg,’’ Surinam,
- Sept. 1944 (HOLOTYPE NY, isotypes F, U, US).
Additional Specimens: Savanna No. II, Tafelberg, Surinam, Aug. 1944, Maguire 24232
(F, MO, NY, U, US); Savanna No. IV, Surinam, Aug. 1944, Maguire 24375 (F, NY, U, US).
This species exhibits, perhaps, the greatest affinity with M. pendulum but
even this relationship is rather remote. It differs from the latter in the shape of
its leaflets, its caducous stipules, its very different petal form, and the length of
its hypanthium, which may be as much as twice as long. The lack of a well-delim-
ited claw to the petal blade is particularly striking and especially interesting be-
cause its form approaches that of sect. Stenosolen.
39. Macrolobium stenosiphon Harms, Repert. Nov. Sp. 3: 51. 1906. Figure 12.
Pseudovouapa stenosiphon (Harms) Britton & Killip, Ann. N. Y. Acad. 35: 166. 1936.
Tree 10-15 m. tall, 6 dm. in diameter, the branchlets glabrous. Stipules 17-25
mm. long, 3-9 mm. wide, foliaceous, persistent through one season, falcate-ellip-
tic, acuminate, minutely ciliolate, otherwise glabrous. Leaves oblong, 20=-30-
jugate, the pairs (4-)5+9(-12) mm. apart. Petioles (7-)10(-15) mm. long, canalicu-
late, uncinate-puberulous in the canal; rachis (11-)18(-24.5) cm. long, uncinate-
puberulous or puberulous on the upper surface, glabrous beneath. Lea/lets 20-30
mm. long, 3-10 mm. wide, lanceolate, each leaflet somewhat arcuate toward the
leaf apex, acuminate or infrequently acute, mucronate, the base inequilateral, the
upper side rounded and obtuse to subcordate,the lower side acute; margin densely
appressed-sericeous in a narrow band on the upper surface; costa plane to salient,
the venules closely parallel, prominulous. Inflorescences 5-8 cm. long, ramiflor-
ous, glabrous, sessile; pedicels 4-7 mm. long, glabrous; bracteoles 15.5-20 mm.
long, 6-7.5 mm. wide, elliptic, acute to acuminate, glabrous on the outer surface,
more or less puberulous within. Hypanthium 18-24 mm. long, on a stipe 1.5=2.5
mm. long, glabrous, gibbous at the base on the abaxia! side, widening toward the
326 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
apex. Sepals 18-22 mm. long, 3-6.5 mm. wide, oblong, obtuse, glabrous or sparsely
ciliolate. Petal blade 30-40 mm. long, 14-18 mm. wide, oblanceolate, pilosulose
within on the costa in the basal portion, the claw3-4 mm. long, puberulous toward
the base externally, pilosulose within; 1-3 petalodia sometimes present, linear,
acute. Filaments 30-35 mm. long, villosulose basally, the anthers 5.5-6 mm. long,
2-2.5 mm. wide. Stigma capitellate to capitate. Style 32-34 mm. long, glabrous.
Ovary 5~7.5 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, oblong, glabrous, (4-)6-8-ovulate, the free
portion of the gynophore 4.5-6.5 mm. long, glabrous. Fruit (immature) 11 cm. long,
2.5 cm. wide, oblong narrowly, glabrous, the carpophores 33 mm. long, glabrous.
LECTOTYPE: F.C. Lehmann 8987, ‘‘haufig an den Ufern der Flusse Timbiqui
und Micay, 0-400 m.,’’ Colombia, 1899 (deposited NY, fragmentary isolectotype
F). The holotype was on deposit at the Berlin Herbarium but it is assumed that it
was destroyed in the disastrous fires which occurred there during the last war. The
director of that institution has informed us that there is no material of this genus
in their herbarium. The New York sheet bears only two flowers but abundant vege-
tative material. A note on this sheet in Britton’s hand states that the specimen in
the Kew Herbarium is undetermined, indicating that Harms did not annotate that
sheet nor is the New York sheet annotated by him.
Additional Specimens: COLOMBIA: Dept. del Valle: Rio Yurumangui entre Isla de
Golondro y la Amargura, Feb. 1944, Cuatrecasas 16041 (US); Rio Cajambre, Quebrada de
Ordonez, May 1944, Cuatrecasas 17267 (US); Rio Colima, Quebrada de la Brea, May 1946,
Cuatrecasas 21298 (F). Dept. del Choco: La Concepcion, 15 km. east of Quibdo, May
1931, Archer 1954 (NY, US); headwaters Rio Tutunendo, east of Quibdo, May 1931, Archer
2196 (NY, US); south of Rio Condoto, between Quebrada Guarapo and Mandinga, April
1939, Killip 35431 (US); Novita, Triana 4418 (NY, US).
ECUADOR: Prov. Esmeraldos: Selva Alegre up Rio Santiago to Playa de Oro, Little
6393 (NY).
Vernacular Names: ‘‘chiparo dormilon,’’ ‘‘dormilon.”’
Of the specimens cited, only Killip 35431, a sterile collection, is in need of ©
further comment. It may represent a new species closely related to M. stenosiphon
or it may be a distinct subspecific taxon within the latter. The following char-
acters are discordant with the rest of the material: (1) branchlets pilosulose; (2)
stipules linear, 8.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide; (3) 35-43 pairs of leaflets on a rachis
14-15 cm. long; and (4) leaflets 12-22 mm. long, 2-5 mm. wide. It is cited here in
spite of these differences, but its characters are not included in the description
of the species.
This species with M. trinitense and M. colombianum forms a distinct line of
relationship. The latter two are obviously related but M. stenosi phon is so utterly
different from either that it must stand alone, with no known close relatives. It is
readily separable from the other two species by its larger number of leaflet pairs,
the shape of its leaflets and by the marginal sericeous band on the upper surfaces
of the latter. It also has a much longer hypanthium, calyx, and petal than the other
two species.
40. Macrolobium colombianum (Britton & Killip) Killip, Caldasia 4: 213. 1946.
Figure 12.
Shrub or tree to 15 m. tall, the branchlets glabrous, pilose, pilosulose, or pi-
losulose and puberulous. Stzpules 5-25 mm. long, 1.5-8 mm. wide, persistent for
at least one season, foliaceous or not, subulate-lanceolate or narrowly to broadly
elliptic, acute, acuminate, dr caudate-acuminate, falcate or straight, glabrous or
more or less pilosulose or puberulous externally, the inner surface glabrous or pi-
losulose toward the base. Leaves 5-13-jugate, the pairs 6-22 mm. apart. Petioles
2-15 mm. long, subalate-canaliculate, pilose, pilosulose, puberulous, or pilosu-
_ lose and puberulous; rachis 4-14 cm. long, puberulous on the upper surface, most
1953] REVISION OF MACROLOBIUM 327
of the hairs uncinate, the wings glabrous beneath, the axis glabrous, pilose, or
pilosulose beneath. Leaflets 9-72 mm. long, 4-20 mm. wide, oblong to elliptic or
lanceolate-oblong, the base inequilateral, the lower side obtuse, the upper acute
to obtuse, the apex obtuse, emarginate, often apiculate; upper surface puberulous
on the costa, beneath glabrous to pilosulose on the costa and often on the basal
part of the blade; costa plane to impressed on the upper surface, salient beneath,
the venules obscure to prominulous. Inflorescences 2.5-9 cm. long, the axis mi-
nutely puberulous or glabrous, the peduncles 0-6 mm. long; bracts 2 mm. long, 1
mm. wide, lanceolate, glabrous within, puberulous at the base externally; pedi-
cels 2.5-6.5 mm. long, glabrous or puberulous; bracteoles 5-9 mm. long, 2.5=4
mm. wide, oblanceolate or obovate, glabrous or more or less puberulous exter-
nally, glabrous or sparsely appressed-puberulous within. Hypanthium 5-8 mm.
long, glabrous to sparingly puberulous, on a stipe 0.5-2.5 mm. long. Sepals 6-11
mm. long, 2-6 mm. wide, oblong to elliptic or obovate, glabrous or ciliolate. Petal
sessile or subsessile, 15-25 mm. long, 7-13 mm. wide, elliptic, glabrous or bas-
ally villose on the outer surface, villose within on the costa in a broad band.
Filaments 12-35 mm. long, villose in the basal part, the anthers 2.5-3 mm. long,
1.5-2 mm. wide. Stigma capitellate, or capitate. Style 15-27.5 mm. long, pilose or
pilosulose basally. Ovary 2.5-3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, oblong, oblong-elliptic
or oblong-oblanceolate, 3=-5-ovulate, the margins pilosulose or pilose, the lateral
surfaces glabrous, pilosulose, or puberulous; free portion of the gynophore 2.5-4
mm. long, pilose or pilosulose. Fruit 10.5-11.5 cm. long, 3.5-4 cm. wide, oblong,
the margins pilosulose and the lateral surfaces glabrous, or puberulous on all sur-
faces, the carpophores 4-12 mm. long, pilosulose. Seeds 2-2.5 cm. long, 2 cm.
wide, obovate to suborbicular.
Key to the Varieties of Macrolobium colombianum
Sues) aGa irule pubescent Only ON Margins. oss so ccc cs cece sec cccascccccccvbece 4.
Dewrety One icem pubescent on all surfaces. fos. See e ccc c icc cc cciccccccccccece 2.
2. Leaflets lanceolate-oblong, 12-13 pairs, 12-26 mm. long, 7-10 mm. wide; carpophores
4-5 mm. long. Northeastern Venezuela. .......ccccccccccces 40a. var. monagasense.
2. Leaflets oblong, fewer, usually ra carpophores 9-12 mm. long. Northern Venezuela
IE ETE ine Base cate PE dtc e'n.n Sn'n clei at's b dese pic eset caccdust ae
3. Leaves 7-10-jugate; stipules 15-25 mm. ohiet Eastern foothills of Colombian Andes.
Caos Raid elias oad a PRR wee eg 8 SW RE dis Oe 0 u,de wie s & clemd b's 6.0, fhe el SOD. VAF. meltense.
oe a yee stipules 8.5-15 mm. long. Northern coastal range of Venezuela. ...
RNG ESA italia CN s' wigs @iallg Gina wield diese > Cue # A’ helene vidiec se nines 40c. var. ocumarense.
4. Baralad 25 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, foliaceous, falcate-fusiform; leaves 6-13-jugate,
petioles 2-6 mm. long; inflorescence 3.5=5 cm. long, axis puberulous, pedicels 33.5
SN pURE UCL APL MRIOUGS 05 Sas pas» Woe nid ale'r so wiald bid vie sin wd bedside 40d. var. bicuspidum.
4. Stipules 5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, nonfotia Genus; subulate- -lanceolate; leaves 5=s*g (2)
d
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WN yD|NIJaqnyp4jnwW“g (gE) wnyos4s01'g (24) ae A es
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356 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
USM Herbario San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural, Lima.
W Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien.
The entire collection of each number collected by W. H. Camp and his assist-
ants in Ecuador has been available for study; the duplicates from these collec-
tions will be widely distributed in the near future, but only the New York speci-
men has been herein cited.
All measurements have been cited in millimeters or decimals thereof and were
made with a Spencer stereoscopic microscope (No. 23), using both a linear eye-
piece scale and an eyepiece reticule. In all coupled dimensions the length is
given first, followed by the width or diameter. Solitary dimensions, unless other-
wise qualified, are of length. It should again be emphasized that all flower dimen-
sions are those at anthesis.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The staff of the New York Botanical Garden and many other botanists con-
tributed in many ways to the research and writing of this revision. My indebted-
ness to them and to the Directors and staffs of the various institutions who lent
specimens of Brachyotum for study is very great. In particular, the advice and co-
operation of the following persons is gratefully acknowledged:
Dr. Bassett Maguire, who directed the research and contributéd many ideas re-
garding this and other problems in the flora of South America.
Dr. H. A. Gleason, whose critical notes and revisions are the foundation for
all recent work in the American Melastomaceae, and who has given freely and fre-
quently of his exhaustive knowledge.
Dr. D. D. Keck, who has read large portions of the preliminary manuscript and
whose multitude of suggestions regarding terminology and grammar have been
invaluable.
Dr. D. P. Rogers and Dr. H. W. Rickett, whose critical classical and editorial
knowledge have been tapped on too-numerous occasions.
Mr. N. Y. Sandwith, Mr. J. A. Ewan, Mr. E. P. Killip, and Dr. Rogers McVaugh,
-who supplied information generously on the history of collectors and collections.
Miss E. C. Hall and Mr. T. H. Everett, who assisted in all the blind biblio-
graphic alleys and suffered many an evening with ‘“‘brachyotologues.”’
Miss Lucille Kopp, who patiently drew the trichomes in Figures 1-22.
SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT
Brachyotum (DC.) Triana; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 743. 1867.
Arthrostemma sect. II. Brachyotum DC. Prodr. 3: 136. 1828.
Chaetogastra DC. Prodr. 3: 131, p.p. typ. excl. 1828.
Shrubs or shrubby trees, with more or less quadrangular, pubescent, décorti-
cating branchlets. Trichomes smooth to very shaggy, sometimes gland-tipped.
Leaves isomorphic, variously pubescent or tuberculate to nearly glabrous. Flow-
ers 4-5-merous, pendulous, ‘solitary or in 2=3-flowered dichasia, the dichasia
sometimes aggregated into panicles or corymbs. Hypanthium campanulate, some-
times closely invested by one or several pairs of large persistent bracts. Sepals
usually erect, without exterior teeth. Petals free but connivent and imbricate in a
campanulate tube, usually glabrous except for the cilia. Stamens 8 or 10, isomor-
phic, glabrous; anthers lanceolate to oblyrate, uniporose; connective at the anther
base exappendiculate, or ventrally prolonged immediately below and partially ad-
herent to the thecae into a more or less bilobed appendage. Style slender, usu-
ally glabrous, usually exserted at anthesis; stigma punctiform; ovary free, 4- or
i
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 357
5-celled, pubescent apically with apical lobes more or less developed above the
locules; ovules axile, numerous. Fruit capsular, dry, loculicidal; seeds coch-
leate, pitted.
Genotype: Brachyotum quinquenerve (R. & P.) Triana.
Key to the Species of Brachyotum
1. Flowers mostly in 2-3-flowered dichasia, the dichasia sometimes aggregated in corym-
EOE PECTORCORCOB. iin wale Sianis's AG's 0,461e dv Ss odds sctacgeeseseis’ 20.
1. Flowers mostly solitary, on short branchlets or in opposite upper leaf axils of branch-
ET Se See et TT EE TERETE Pee eer ae
2. Hypanthium not invested by pedicellar bracts or bracteoles, these smaller than leaves.
iin kd alt Sane hinp is ols nied & Sipldie es €b © CO a'e'kec 60 sible Swe ccdseoscoccesececesebevncccue. fe
2. Hypanthium closely invested by two or more pedicellar bracts which are persistent at
least until anthesis and often as large or larger than leaves. ..csccccccccesecees 3s
3. Hypanthial trichomes notably roughened; calyx lobes moderately glandular-strigulose
i thc. uss «een raw PM be €C4dMie be ie be eha wh #0 es swieses 132.58. Cogniauxii.
3. Trichomes smooth; calyx lobes glabrous within. ........ ee ee ee eee ee A
4, Style densely incurved-puberulous on basal 1/3, not exserted at anthesis. ....eeeeee
Uae ewe 6 bo 6a odes Se nisnwlsc 6 66 cle BS-clccdels wesc cleesebesseccccccacce Se B. campii.
ee eee PRECISE OF ANRORIS mies sisi > vid Wie wb 8% Said d ec esses’ dulatels wehkie ADs
5. Leaf blades 11-16 x 7-12 mm., with 5 primary veins. .....seee222+ 4. B. andreanum.
Sudveat blades 6-12 X 3-6 mms, with 3. primary VEINS. cccsscccevcccccsccsccccccces Gs
6. Flowers predominantly 5-merous; floral bracts densely sericeo-strigose without; ovary
RN Grea « wictn sin sleiele W's MWA Kniss 0 V ewiaie side eee 1.31. By: confertuim.
6. Flowers predominantly 4-merous; floral bracts medianly moderately strigulose but mar-
ginally nearly glabrous without; ovary trichomes non-glandular. .... 30. B. jamesonii.
7. Leaf blades above glabrous to sparsely, moderately, or densely strigulose or short-
strigose; if less than 10 mm. long, glabrous or sparsely strigulose. .....eeeeceees Oo
7. Leaf blades above densely tuberculate, 4-7 mm. long (flowers 5-merous; petals deep
ee en RE AEE Beth GEL ob a wis la Mid i 6 ee oO mw Kda's « ds Se ded deecaseees (Be
8. Tubercles of upper leaf surface large, 1-2/mm.?; calyx lobes broadly ovate, the re-
curved apices tuberculate or stout-strigulose within; apical lobes of ovary 0.5-1 mm. .
ea ai adie aad «bans © poibia win ONS Ope eo A0.6's b 0,00 6.00 0.ce'e 0.600 <0) 55-'B.afictum,
8. Tubercles of upper leaf surface smaller, 7-8/mm.?; calyx lobes oblong, not recurved,
glabrous within; apical lobes of ovary 0.1 mm. ...eeceecseceees 34. B. ecuadorense.
9. Hypanthial and lower leaf surface trichomes smooth. ..ccccsecccccccecccccccces 1d
9. Hypanthial and lower leaf surface trichomes roughened. ....eeeececeecccccecses 10.
10. Trichomes notably plumulose, on lower leaf surface graded in size with the very nu-
merous smaller ones almost stellate; petals yellowish; connective usually not pro-
longed ventrally nor free of anther base. ...cccccccsccccccssecees 14. B. ledifolium.
10. Trichomes minutely roughened, on lower leaf surface never pseudo-stellate; petals
deep purple; connective always prolonged ventrally and free of anther base more than
Pt hin Saks aa ahd emsins a een ne bs ek Gees esecncdwensetatecradedcossvreces! Ll].
11. Calyx lobes with apical % to % narrowly lanceolate, basally somewhat expanded, with
broadly acute to obtuse sinuses; petal cilia non-glandular or the glands very early
i. aah ker S abe g adiakl 4 «ce aeanleciss bahia shies Giep 2267 Duancavelicae.
11. Calyx lobes oblong-lanceolate to oblong-ovate, basally not expanded, with narrow si-
nuses; petal cilia obviously and persistently gland-tipped. ...ceeseccccceceseces L2e
12. Leaf blades 10-30 x 6-14 mm.; calyx lobes acute, sparsely strigulose on apical % to
RARE a Ge OL Srna A ata a a. Ma talaln b's iw @Minwid nin a aible ioe 6 adcie 250 Ba. tyrianthinum
12. Leaf blades 5-17 x 4-7 mm.; calyx lobes rounded to broadly acute, glabrous within. ..
Rian Malet a Sialtsipicles,a ania SaaS ae ata sdeeessbercdcsecis (24. B, naudinii.
13. Leaf blades above sparsely to densely pubescent; calyx lobes pubescent at least
weeng Midtth for preater part of lenrth without. ....cccccvecccccccccccccccesces = ie
13. Leaf blades above glabrous; calyx lobes glabrous except for a very few hairs at ex-
Teale Sola w ist ae wate h > ecieccenesesiopncesececsnsses, 42s
Dichasia solitary in leaf axils; petals obtuse, with eglandular cilia; connective barely
prolonged ventrally, free of anther only 0.1-0.2 mm. ..........-.2-+- 18. B. rugosum.
Dichasia paniculate; petals acute, with gland-tipped cilia; connective definitely pro-
longed ventrally, free of anther 0.3-0.6 mm. ....cseceeeeeeeeeee 1. B. quinquenerve.
Connective prolonged ventrally, free of anther 0.5-0.7 mm.; petals deep purple. ......
SSB eee es ep owwessccccececcenecsccessocccsncssescesesescooes Lis B. MAXIMOWICZI1.
Connective not at all prolonged ventrally; petals greenish-white or edged with red. 44.
Trichomes markedly plumulose, non-glandular except for petal cilia; petioles 8-10 mm.
long; calyx lobes triangular, about as wide as long. .........«.. 15. B. weberbaueri.
Trichomes minutely roughened, at least those of hypanthium, lower leaf surface, and
ovary gland-tipped; petioles 2-5 mm. long; calyx lobes oblong-ovate, longer than wide.
eee Pee oe. on a eae cb wa Uenlauhels ceeigsiee'secees 43. B.~lutescens.
Upper leaf surface densely beset with tubercles in 4 rows at widest part of blade; an-
ther pore 4 or more as wide as anther base. ....eeeeeeeseeeees 39 B. lycopodioides.
Upper leaf surface variously pubescent but if tuberculate, the tubercles in 6 or more
rows; anther pore less than 44 as wide as anther base. ceccccccccccccsccccscsese 4Ge
Connective prolonged ventrally and free of anther 0.3 mm. or more; petals deep purple,
ewe, “ho. Wins dees ae VEN eee abe ene cst ee ees sect eesasecuace Die
Connective barely or not at all prolonged ventrally, free of anther less than 0.2 mm.;
petals yellowish to whitish, at least marginally, except (?) occasionally in B. ros-
ee ee anes con nlnehs s 6s 3.5 a6 bem © aipinin's od 60,6 06 n.adle,0, 00 0 0.4 010,60 0.00 08,0 none A/e
Hypanthium glandular-hirsute, or sparsely to moderately strigulose and then glandular
Or not; ovary pubescence and petal cilia gland-tipped; apical lobes of ovary 0.1-0.4
Hypanthium very densely strigulose to hirsute, the trichomes never gland-tipped; ovary
pubescence and petal cilia non-glandular; apical lobes of ovary 0.5-2 mm. ....-+- 48.
Trichomes shaggy-plumulose, those on lower leaf surface very dense (30-60/mm.,’) and
graded in size with the numerous smaller ones almost stellate; leaf blades mostly 15-
25 X 7-12 mm.; ovary sparsely strigulose on apical 4to¥%. ....... 14. B. ledifolium.
Trichomes’ minutely roughened, those on lower leaf surface only 5-15/mm.? and not
markedly graded in size, never pseudo-stellate; leaf blades mostly 30-75 x 10-35 mm.;
fay Censelyetrigmlioce On apical Ye: \. <.20,0 sic ¢4,0 0 00 a:0.¥\0 0.6.0.0 0%, 0 0001 3- B.. gleasonii.
Bracts at base of dichasium persistent at least until anthesis. .... 42. B. rosiratum.
Peotee At base Of dichacium very EAafly CAdUCOUS. oc. cc tcc cbc ccc ccc ccc ccsccee Ds
Leaf blades elliptic, 12-21 x 4-8 mm., the tubercles on the upper surface in more than
10 irregular rows at widest part; hypanthium glandular-hirsute. ...... 45. B. seorsum.
Leaf blades narrowly oblong, 7-17 x 1.5-3.5 mm., the tubercles on the upper surface in
only 6 rows at widest part; hypanthium moderately strigulose, the trichomes non-gland-
eee eee esa tece rac tns oot teteheecocssevcece 44,.°R. anpusijolium.
Calyx lobes triangular-acuminate to almost triangular, usually wider than long, the si-
nuses obtuse to very broadly acute. ...ccccccccccccccscccccccesee 19. B. microdon.
Calyx lobes ovate to oblong, longer than wide, the sinuses narrowly acute. ...... 52.
360 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
52. Leaf blades with 5 primary Weirie.: ‘So's as cveatees ueneee ee eoeee 9. B. intermedium.
52. Leaf blades with 3.primary veins. «2s .s0tas bes as ease ahoneb ees eee amare ae 34.
53. Leaf blades 11-50 x 6-24 mm.; ovary pubescence aiigadinee apical lata of ovary
O.G—-1.5 mms onc dcc ccc Jada Swids'cle Sedidie Ceska aulal sibs oul alee ee 55.
53. Leaf blades 6-12 x 3-7 mm.; ovary pubescence gland-tipped; aoa lobes of ovary
0.2-0.3 MMs scccccseccvcsivewtls css siuiule ws Ses « sls sé cua We Wiese heels ae an oo 54,
54. Petals whitish, obliquely truncate; connective ventrally ne of aides 0.3-0.5 mm.,
the ventral lobes each. 0.2=0.3 mm. ‘Wide. .\s’sc\s‘e's'e's sae satu nateaate 41. B. figueroae.
54. Petals deep purple, obtuse; connective ventrally free of anther 0.8-1.4 mm., the ven-
teal lobes each 0.6-0.7 mm. wide. .5%.ccscesenens fast ee tee 40. B. rosmarinifolium.
55. Petals moderately strigulose’ without. 2... c¥sss ob So's dace oe eueuee een 10. B. radula.
55. Petale glabrous without. ..cscecacaseaasnuy es ne tanweweny ane 11. B. maximowiczii.
1. Brachyotum quinquenerve (R. & P.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 48. 1871.
Trichomes moderately but minutely roughened to smooth. Branchlets rounded-
quadrangular, moderately strigulose to short-strigose. Petiole (4-)10-20 or 2-6
(-9) mm. Blade 23-80 or 10=20(-35) x 12-40 or 6-12(-20) mm., ovate or lanceolate
to elliptic, the apex acute, and the base obtuse to truncate, with 5 or sometimes
7 primaries and usually an additional pair of marginals, the primaries narrowly
impressed above and elevated below, the secondaries mostly obscure above and
elevated and laxly reticulate below; the 3 central primaries more or less pro-
longed below the base of the blade and forming a small triangular extension of the
blade proper, the second laterals departing from and 2~7 mm. above the base of
the first laterals, the third laterals (when present) also departing from and 1-5
mm. above the base of the first laterals, the fourth laterals (marginals, when pre-
sent) also from and 1-3 mm. above the base of the first laterals; above moderately
strigose or strigulose, the hairs 3-5(-10)/mm.’ with the basal ‘4-4 adherent and
usually not greatly nor abruptly expanded; below moderately strigulose to loose-
short-strigose, the hairs (7-)10-12(-20)/mm.’, the glands solitary and usually 10-
15/mm.’ Flowers constantly 4-merous, in 3-many-flowered panicles which are ter-
minal on lateral branches or in upper leaf axils, the inflorescence branches sub-
tended by a gradually smaller series of bracts, the ultimate pedicels grouped in
2-3-flowered dichasia. Pedicel 0-3 mm. below pedicellar bracteoles, 1-6 mm.
above; pedicellar bracteoles 3.5-8 x 0.2-1.7 mm., linear, above glabrous, below
moderately strigulose, mostly caducous just before anthesis, in crowded inflores-
cences sometimes absent. Hypanthium (3-)4-5(-G6) x (2.5-)3.5-4.5 mm., 0.2=0.3
mm. thick medianly, moderately long-strigulose to short-strigose, the hairs (7-)
10-13(-18)/mm.’ Sepals 5-10 x 3-4 mm., lanceolate and contracted about 0.5-1
mm. above the sinuses to 1-2 mm. wide, the apices narrowly acute, united at
bases 0.9-1.2 mm., usually with 1=-few sinusal setae well-developed. Petals deep
purple or deep blue, (10—)12-14(-15) x (7-)8-10(-11) mm., rhombic-obovate and
slight¥y asymmetrical, the apices acute, the gland-tipped cilia 0.1-0.4 mm. (the
terminal few 0.5-2 mm.). Filaments 3-5.5 mm.; anthers 3-5.5 mm.; connective at
anther base 0.7-1.1 mm., free of the anther 0.3-0.6 mm., the ventral lobing 0.1-
0.4 mm., and often with minute apiculi on each lobe. Style 18-26 x 0.3-0.5 mm.,
exserted 6-14 mm. Ovary 3-6 x 2-3.5 mm., moderately to densely strigulose on
the apical 1-2.5(-3.5) mm., the apical lobes 0.5-0.8(—1.2) mm. above the locules.
la. Brachyotum quinquenerve var. quinquenerve.
Rhexia quinquenervis R. & P. Fl. Per. & Chil. 3: 83. 1802.
Arthrostemma quinquenerve,(R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 3: 136. 1828. -
Chaetogastra quinquenervis (R. & P.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 130. 1850.
Hypanthial and stem hairs usually obviously roughened, at least on basal por-
tion. Petiole (4-)10-20 mm. Blade 23-80 x 12-40 mm., with vegetative leaves on
branches mostly longer than 40 mm.
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 361
Type Collection and Locality: Ruiz and/or Pavon s.n. (presumably at MA;
probable isosyntypes without locality BR, G-BOIS, G-DEL, P); ‘‘Huassahuassi,
Panao, Chaclla, et Mufa montibus, copiose in Sancti Dominici et Llamapafiaui
collibus.’’ The first of these localities is in Dept. Junin, Peru, the others in
Dept. Huanuco (Ruiz 1940).
Type Photographs and Illustrations: F16716 and Gleason 27-2 (destroyed syn-
type at B); Ruiz & Pavon, Fl. Per. & Chil. 3: p/. 321, f. b (1802) (as Rhexia quin-
quenervis); Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: pl. 3, f. 33c (1871) (as Brachyotum quinquenerve).
Distribution: central to south central Peru, alt. 1500-3200 m.
Huanuco: Chinchao, McLean s.n. (K), Rivero 95 (P), herb. Ruiz & Pavon s.n. (F);
Carpish divide between Huanuco and Tingo Maria, Asplund 12861 (S), Ferreyra 1231 (USM),
Ferreyra 1713 (USM), Ferreyra 1732 (USM), Ferreyra 2113 (NY, US), Ferreyra 8078 (USM),
Sandeman 5169 (K); Acomayo, Ferreyra 8182 (USM); Panao, Asplund 13512 (S), Ferreyra
1795 (USM), Pearce s.n. (K); Tambillo southwest of Panao, Scolnik 1052 (NY), Macbride
3572 (F, G-DEL, NY, S, US); Playapampa, Macbride 4858 (F, S, US); Yanano, Macbride
4940 (F, NY). Junin: Carpapata near Huacapistana, Ferreyra 3759 (NY), Killip & Smith
24448 (NY, US); near Huacapistana, Ferreyra 3607 (NY), Killip & Smith 24131 (F, NY,
US), Sandeman 97 (K), Sandeman 4368 (K); between Punto and Andamarca, Raimondi 8784
(USM); near ‘‘Andimarca,’’ Mathews 1170 (K, NY, W). Cuzco: Machupicchu, Balls B6813
(GH, NY, UC, US), Herrera 3208 (F, NY), Herrera 3224 (F), Sandeman 3586 (K), Vargas
801 (F, NY), West 6422 (GH, UC); San Miguel in the Umbamba Valley, Cook & Gilbert
1171 (US); Cedrobamba in the Ummbamba Valley, Herrera 1559 (F, NY, US); Huayna Picchu,
Scolnik 836 (NY); Punto Real in the Urubamba Valley, Tutin 1318 (BM); Urubamba basin,
Herrera 1964 (F, NY); between Lares and Calca, Raimondi 9578 (USM). Ayacucho: Ccar-
rapa between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, Killip & Smith 22272 (F, NY, US), Killip & Smith
22333 (NY, US).
Vernacular Names: Cachiquis (Ruiz & Pavon, Fl. Per. & Chil. 3: 1802); Hitay-
chuy (Ferreyra 1795); Masuca (Cook & Gilbert 1171).
1b. Brachyotum quinquenerve var. pusillum Wurdack, var. nov.
Hypanthiorum ramulorumque trichomata laevia vel minutissime muriculata (sub
lente 90x). Petioli 2-6(-9) mm. longi. Foliorum ramorum principium laminae 10-
20 (raro ad 35) X 6-12 (raro ad 20) mm.
Type Collection and Locality: Pennell 15772 (HOLOTYPE PH); Peru, Dept.
Amazonas, along Rio Sonche, west of Molinopampa, dry sandy barren, 2400 m.
alt., 8 Jul. 1948. ‘Shrub. Petals anthracene violet.’’
Distribution: northern Peru, alt. 2400-3200 m.
Piura: Tadene between Provinces of Huancabamba and Jaen, Raimondi 2312 (USM).
Cajamarca: northwest of Socota, Stork & Horton 10141 (F, G-DEL, UC); Cutervo, Raimondi
3841 (USM), Raimondi 4711 (USM); Llama, Sandeman 4163 (K). Amazonas: Yambrasbamba,
Mathews 1257 (K); Chachapoyas, L. Williams 7572 (F, NY, US), Mathews 1258 (BM, K).
B. quinquenerve is closely related on one hand to the complex including B.
huancavelicae and B. grisebachii, on the other to B. campanulare. Its 5-7-nerved
leaves and usually well-developed paniculate inflorescences serve as distinc-
tions from the small-leaved Peruvian relatives. The McLean Chinchao specimen
cited here was placed by Triana and Cogniaux under B. campanulare, but has the
inflorescence and sepals of B. quinquenerve, although nearly smooth trichomes;
the label on this specimen states ‘‘Ex Herb. de R. and P. Lima”’ and the sprig is.
matched exactly by a lanceolate-leaved sprig on the herb. Ruiz & Pavon Chinchao
sheet (F) and the Rivero collection (P), so probably this collection has been mis-
credited to McLean.
The small foliage of var. pusillum gives it quite a different appearance from
var. quinquenerve; the inflorescences are also less well-developed than in the
typical variety. Unfortunately, no collections from areas between Cajamarca and
Huanuco have been seen, so the geographical disjunction, if any, and the varia-
362 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
tion between the varieties could not be established. The specimens of the typical
variety which have nearly smooth trichomes are otherwise well-marked by the
large leaves; the roughening of the hairs is most marked in the Cuzco collections.
Several sheets from Cuzco have gland-tipped trichomes on the hypanthium, se-
pals, bracteoles, and pedicals: West 6422 p.p. (GH p.p.), Herrera 3208 p.p. (NY
p-p., F), and Cook & Gilbert 1171 (US). This has not been deemed worthy of any
formal recognition because of variation within a single collection and similar
glandulosity fluctuation in other species.
In addition to the specimens cited for B. quinquenerve, Raimondi 7238 (USM)
from Tambillo in Dept. Ayacucho should be considered. This collection has mi-
nutely roughened hairs; elliptic, 3-nerved leaf blades, 12-21 x 5-7 mm.; and flow-
ers similar to B. quinquenerve. It may represent a distinct species or a variety of
B. quinquenerve. In habit, it is very suggestive of var. pusillum, except for the
3-nerved leaf blades and roughened hairs. The densely strigulose lower leaf sur-
faces, ternate flowers, and glandulareciliate acute petals separate it from B. hu-
ancavelicae; the much denser and roughened pubescence and glandular-ciliate
petals, from B. grisebachi1.
2. Brachyotum campanulare (Bonpl.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 48. 1871.
Rhexia campanularis Bonpl.Rhexies 35. 1806-1808. -
Arthrostemma campanulare (Bonpl.) DC. Prodr. 3: 136. 1828.
Chaetogastra campanularis (Bonpl.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 130. 1850.
Trichomes smooth. Branchlets rounded-quadrangular, densely fine-strigose to
fine hirsute. Petiole 3-7 mm. Blade 13-27 x 11-14 mm., elliptic to elliptic-ovate
with the apex broadly acute to obtuse and the base obtuse, the 5 primaries im-
pressed above and elevated below, the 10-20 pairs of secondaries obscurely visi-
ble above but hidden by the pubescence below; above densely strigose, the hairs
8-18/mm.’ with their bases sometimes on very low callosities; below very densely
loose-sericeous-strigose 20-35/mm.’ Flowers constantly 4-merous, mostly crowded-
ternate with the dichasium subtended by leaves, rarely solitary or with an addi-
tional pair of flowers at the node below the dichasial node. Pedicel 0.5=-2 mm.
below the bracteoles, 1-5 mm. above; pedicellar bracteoles 3-9 x 0.6-0.9(-4) mm.,
linear to ovate, thin, above glabrous, below densely strigulose, mostly caducous
before anthesis. Hypanthium 6-7.5 x 3.5-4.5 mm., 0.2-0.3 mm. thick medianly,
densely loose-strigose, the fine hairs 15-20/mm.’* Sepals 7-9 x 3=3.5 mm., nar-
rowly oblong, often slightly narrowed from middle to base and tapering to the
acute apices only in the terminal 2-4 mm., united at bases about 1 mm., the si-
nuses rounded-acute, inside usually sparsely strigulose on the apical %4-%. Pet-
als deep purple, 12-18 x 9-11 mm., obovate or slightly obovate and symmetrical,
the apices narrowly obtuse to broadly acute, the gland-tipped cilia 0.1-0.6 mm.
(the terminal one 0.8 mm.). Filaments 4-5.5 mm., anthers 5-5.5 mm.; connective
at anther base 1-1.2 mm., free of the anther 0.5-0.6 mm., the ventral lobing 0.1-
0.2 mm. Style 17-25 x 0.5 mm., exserted 5-7 mm. Ovary 5 x 2.5-3 mm., densely
strigulose on the apical 2.5 mm., the apical lobes 1 mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Bonpland s.n.(HOLOTYPE presumably in Herb.
Humboldt & Bonpland at P; isotypes F, P); ‘tin Peruviae frigidis, juxta Loxam
... pres de 2000 métres.’’
Type Photographs and Illustrations: F36135 (presumed holotype or isotype);
Rhexies p/. 14 (1806-1808) (as Rhexia campanularis).
Distribution: Prov. Loja, Ecuador, alt. 2000-3100 m.
Between San Lucas and Ona, Hitchcock 21550 (GH, NY, US); Cordillera de Zamora
east of Loja, Camp E-71 (NY); Loja, Seemann 773.1 (K). Without province, Jameson s.n.
(US, W).
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM, 363
The Paris isotype of B. campanulare cited here was used by Naudin in his
description of the vegetative features and type of inflorescence of Chaetogastra
canescens. His dissection sketch and the dissected flowers in the packet on the
same sheet are Rhexia canescens (Brachyotum ledifolium). These detached flow-
ers led to Naudin’s mixed description; the leaves of B. ledifolium are never ‘‘5
nerviis,’’ and the flowers are usually solitary rather than ‘“‘solitariis-ternis inter-
dumque pluribus.’’
B.campanulare is closely related to B. quinquenerve, but may be distinguished
by the shape of the often adaxially pubescent sepals, generally denser pubes-
cence, and fewer-flowered inflorescences. B. benthamianum is doubtfully distinct
from B. campanulare; only the sparser and coarser foliage pubescence, less acute
petal apices, and thicker and somewhat larger bracts differentiate the former. The
main veins of the bracteoles of B. campanulare vary from 1 to 5 in number, the
shape from linear to ovate, and the tenacity from caducous in bud to persistent un-
til the corolla drops.
Another Jameson specimen s.n. (K), from (or sent from ?) Quito, is closely re-
lated to B. campanulare. The thin, 3-nerved, pedicellar bracteoles are ovate, 3-
4.5 x 1.5-2.5 mm., and caducous in bud; however the leaves are much less pubes-
cent above (4-6/mm.’) and the calyx lobes triangular (4.8-5 x 3.7-4 mm.).
3. Brachyotum benthamianum Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 49. 1871.
Trichomes smooth. Branchlets rounded-quadrangular, densely to moderately
short-strigose. Petiole 4-6 mm. Blade 15-24 x 7-10 mm., with length/width ratio
2.1-2.5, elliptic to ovate-elliptic with the apex acute and the base broadly acute
to narrowly obtuse, the 5 primaries impressed above and elevated below, the 15-
20 pairs of secondaries mostly hidden by the pubescence; above moderately long-
strigulose, the hairs 4-7/mm.’, each on a low callosity with basal 4-4 adherent
and the slightly branched base about 0.3 mm. diam.; below densely loose-strigu-
lose 25-30/mm.’, the glands solitary and obscured by the pubescence. Flowers
4- or 5-merous,:mostly ternate with the dichasium subtended by leaves, occasion-
ally with an additional pair of flowers at the node below the dichasial node. Pedi-
cel 2-5 mm. below bracts, 1-2 mm. above. Bracts closely investing flower 2 or 4,
10-15 x 2-8 mm., lanceolate to ovate or elliptic with the apices acute, persistent,
firm, 5-nerved, outside densely strigose 9-12/mm.’, inside glabrous or marginally
sparsely strigulose. Hypanthium 6.5=7 x 4-6 mm., 0.5 mm. thick medianly, densely
sericeo-strigose, the hairs 8-15/mm.’ and to 2.5-3 mm. long. Sepals 6.5-9.5 x
3.5-4.5 mm., oblong with acute apices, united at bases 0.8-1 mm., the sinuses
rounded-acute. Petals “‘violacea,’’ 14-18 x 11-13 mm., obovate and slightly asym-
metrical with the apices obtuse to rounded, the mostly gland-tipped cilia 0.1-0.8
mm. (the terminal one 0.9=1.3 mm.). Filaments 4.5=5 mm.; anthers 5.5-6 mm.; con-
nective at anther base 1-1.3 mm., free of the anther 0.6-0.7 mm., the ventral lob-
ing 0.2-0.3 mm. Style 20-27 x 0.5-0.6 mm., exserted 8-10 mm. Ovary 5.5 x 3.5
mm., moderately strigulose on the apical 2.5-3.5 mm., the apical lobes 0.5=1.5
mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Hartweg 737 (LECTOTYPE K; isolectotypes
BR, G-BOIS, G-DEL, K, P, W; fragment of isolectotype F), and Seemann 773 bis
(syntype K); ‘‘in montibus Peruviae”’ (Loja, fide K sheet containing both syntypes).
Type Photographs and Illustrations: Gleason 87-2 (isolectotype at K); F16708
(destroyed isolectotype at B); Baill. Hist. des Pl. 7: 8, f. 11 (1880).
Distribution: Prov. Loja, Ecuador, elev. 2500-3000 m.
Above Loja, Lehmann 4922 (K); without province, Jameson s.n. (BR, US, W).
364 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
The Kew isolectotype has mostly lanceolate bracts, 10-15 x 2=3.5 mm., usu-
ally 2 per flower but sometimes 4. The lectotype, Geneva isolectotypes, and the
Seemann collection have wider ovate to oblong-ovate bracts, 11-16 x 6.5-8 mm.,
mostly 2 per flower. The Paris isolectotype and the Jameson specimens have
bracts similar in size to the lectotype, but mostly 4 per flower. Of 14 flowers ex-
amined in the Hartweg collection, 7 were 4-merous, the remainder 5-merous; in the
Jameson collection 4 of 7 were 4-merous, the others 5-merous; in the Seemann col-
lection 4 of 6 were 4-merous, the others 5-merous. The Jameson sheets are num-
bers 8 and 9 of the set marked by Asa Gray, but seem to be all parts of one col-
lection. Through a misinterpretation, the Kew isolectotype was at first assumed
to be the lectotype, and photographs of this mislabeled sheet were distributed from
New York. B. benthamianum is very closely related to B. andreanum, but is dis-
tinguishable from the latter, on the basis of present collections, by the relatively
narrower leaves, the acute-tipped inner floral bracts, and the oblong, non-imbricate
sepals.
pars andreanum Cogniaux, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. III. 14: 938. 1887.
Trichomes smooth. Branchlets obscurely quadrangular, densely loose-strigose.
Petiole 3-5 mm. Blade 11-16 x 7-12 mm., with length/width ratio 1.2-1.7, broadly
elliptic to broadly ovate with the apex broadly acute to broadly obtuse and the
base obtuse to sub-truncate, the 5 primaries and 10-12 pairs of secondaries as in
B. benthamianum; above densely long-strigulose to short-strigose 4-6/mm.’, the
hairs as in B. benthamianum; below pubescent as in B. benthamianum. Flowers
5-merous, ternate or solitary (when ternate occasionally with an additional pair of
flowers at the node below the dichasial node), with each flower closely invested
by 4 persistent bracts. Pedicel 1-2 mm. below bracts, 0.5-1 mm. above; bracts
8-12 x 6-8.5 mm., broadly elliptic with the apices rounded, 7-9-nerved, firm, out-
side densely strigose 11-12/mm.’, inside glabrous or sparsely hirsutulous bas-
ally. Hypanthium 6-7 x 6-6.5 mm., 0.3 mm. thick medianly, very densely sericeo-
strigose, the hairs to 3-6 mm. long. Sepals 6-8.5 x 5.5-6 mm., broadly ovate with
the apices broadly acute to obtuse, united at bases 0.3-0.6 mm., imbricate 1=1.5
mm. on each side. Petals ‘‘vivide sanguinea’’ (fide holotype), 15 x 10-11 mm.,
obovate and slightly asymmetrical with the apices rounded, the gland-tipped cilia
0.1-0.3 mm. (the apical few 1.3-2.3 mm.). Filaments 5.5 mm.; anthers 4-5 mm.;
connective at anther base 0.8-1.2 mm., free of anther 0.3-0.5 mm., the ventral lob-
ing 0.2 mm. Style 22 x 0.35 mm., exserted 4 mm. Ovary 6 x 4-4.5 mm., very densely
short-strigose on the apical 3-3.5 mm., the apical lobes 0.8-1.5 mm. above the
locules.
Type Collection and Locality: André s.n. (HOLOTYPE K; isotype BR); ‘‘in
Andibus centralibus Ecuadorensibus, altit. 3300 m.’’
Type Photograph: Gleason 87-4 (holotype).
Distribution: Definitely known only from Prov. El Oro-Loja border in Ecuador,
alt. 2950 m.
Chepel northeast of Zaruma, Espinosa 2003 (NY). Without province, Jameson s.n. (US).
*tAmer. Merid.,’? Bonpland s.n. (P).
All of the 12 examinable flowers among the various specimens seen were 5- .
merous. This species is very closely related to B. benthamianum and has leaves
quite similar to B. campit.
5. Brachyotum campii Wurdack, sp. nov.
Trichomata laevia. Ramuli novelli obscure quadrangulati cum petiolis pedi-
cellisque dense brunneo-strigosi. Petiolus 2-5 mm. Lamina 9-13 x 6-9 mm., late
elliptica apice basique late obtusa vel rotundata, nervis primariis 5 supra impres-
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 365
sis subtus expressis sed cum nervis secundariis plerumque ab pilis occultis; su-
pra dense strigosa, pilis 4-5/mm.’, basi 0.5-0.6 mm. diam. et 0.5-0.8 mm. alta
radicina, apice abrupte attenuato 0.5-0.6 mm. longo; subtus densissime laxeque
sericeo-strigulosa. Flores 5-meri in ramulis brevibus solitarii bracteis 4 conjuncte
investi, pedicello super bracteas 1-2 mm. Bracteae 9-11 x 8-9 mm., orbiculares
vel ovato-orbiculares, apice subretusae, nervis principalibus 9-11, intus glabrae,
extus dense strigulosae 18-20/mm.’, duabus exterioribus valde caducis interiori-
bus persistentibus. Hypanthium 8 x 9 mm., medio 0.5 mm. crassum, densissime
sericeo-strigosum pilis 12-15/mm.’ et ad 2-2.5 mm. longis. Sepala 5.5-6.5 x 5-6
mm., late ovata, vix imbricata, apice late acuta et apiculata, basi per 0.6-0.8 mm.
cohaerentia. Petala 16-17 x 16-17 mm., obovata vix asymmetrica, apice truncata,
ciliis glandulosis 0.1-0.4 mm. Filamenta 6.5 mm.; antherae 5.5-6 mm.; connec-
tivum basi antherae 1-1.5 mm., ab anthera per 0.3-0.5 mm. liberum, lobis ven-
tralibus 0.4-0.7 mm. Stylus 18 x 1 mm., non vel vix (1 mm.) exsertus, parte ter-
tia proxima dense brevi-strigosa et expansa 2 mm. diam. Ovarium 3.5 x 4.5 mm.,
apice per 2.5 mm. dense brevi-strigosa, lobis apicalibus super loculos 0.2 mm.
Type Collection and Locality: Camp E-1629 (HOLOTYPE NY); Ecuador,
Azuay-Oriente border, Paramo del Castillo and surrounding forested areas, crest
of the eastern Cordillera on the trail between Sevilla de Oro and Mendez, 11000-
11350 ft. alt., 17 Dec. 1944. ‘‘Shrubs 1-2 m. Pubescence on stems brown. Lvs
deep green above, very pale yellowish below. Bracts red, or red tipped with green;
green part (when present) with texture of leaf; red part smooth and shining. Co-
rolla never fully open, tubiform, black with purplish tinge.’’ Known only from the
type collection.
B. campii is at once distinguished from all other known species of the genus
_ by the style, with the enlarged basal 4 densely clothed with slender arcuate hairs
0.5-1.5 mm. long. Several other species occasionally have a very few erect setae
on the style, but never as a characteristic feature. In this respect, B. campii par-
allels the pubescent-styled species of Tibouchina, which have been scattered
through the first three sections of that genus by Cogniaux, and some of which also
have bract-invested flowers. The non-exserted style of B. campii is also unique.
Apart from the style, this species is closely related to B. andreanum, but may
further be distinguished from that species by the non-imbricate sepals and orbic-
ular flower bracts.
6. Brachyotum rotundifolium Cogniaux, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. III. 14: 937. 1887.
Trichomes smooth. Branchlets obscurely quadrangular, very densely-rufo-
hirsutulous. Petiole 6-7 mm. Blade 12-23 x 12-20 mm., orbicular to ovate-orbicu-
lar with the apex rounded and the base truncate, the 7 primaries and 11-14 pairs
of secondaries impressed above and elevated below but hidden by the pubescence;
above densely short-strigose, the hairs 6-10/mm.’, each about 0.2 mm. diam. and
the basal 4-'4 adherent but the apical free portion not abruptly contracted; below
very densely rufo-hirsutulous 25-45/mm.’ Flowers 4-merous, crowded-ternate with
the dichasium subtended by somewhat reduced leaves, occasionally with an ad-
ditional pair of flowers at the node below the dichasial node. Pedicel 3 mm. be-
low bracteoles, 4 mm. above; pedicellar bracteoles 11x 2.5 mm., slightly spatu-
late with acute apices, 3-nerved, caducous before anthesis, above sparsely pu-
berulent at extreme apex, below densely rufo-hirsutulous on entire surface. Hy-
panthium 5.5x 5 mm., 0.3 mm. thick medianly, densely loose-rufo-strigose 11-
12/mm.* Sepals 6.5-7 x 4.5 mm., ovate and very slightly imbricate with acute
apices, united at bases 0.8 mm. Petals ‘‘purpureo-violacea,’’ 13-13.5 x 9.5-10.5
mm., slightly and asymmetrically obovate with narrowly obtuse apices, the cilia
0.1-0.3 mm. and eglandular except for a few basal ones. Filaments 5 mm.; anthers
366 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
4.7-5.2 mm.; connective at anther base 0.9-1 mm., free of the anther 0.3-0.4 mm.,
the ventral lobing 0.4-0.5 mm. Style 20 x 0.6 mm., exserted 3-4 mm. Ovary 5.2 x
3 mm., densely long-strigulose on the apical 3 mm., the apical lobes 0.7-0.9 mm.
above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Andre 4501 (HOLOTYPE K; isotypes BR, F,
GH, NY, US); ‘‘apud ‘Paramos’ montium in Andibus Ecuadorensibus frequens,
altit. 3200-3800 m.’’ Known only from the type collection.
Type Photograph: Gleason 88-7 (isotype at K).
B. rotundifolium is generally related to B. campanulare, B. benthamianum, and
B. andreanum, but may be distinguished from all of these by the 7-nerved leaves.
7. Brachyotum parvifolium Cogniaux, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 132. 1908.
Trichomes smooth. Branchlets rounded-quadrangular, very densely and finely
rufo-lanulose. Petiole 1-6 mm. Blade 10-16x 7-10 mm., elliptic with the apex
broadly acute to rounded and the base obtuse, the 3 primaries and the secondaries
obscured by the pubescence; above very densely and finely loose-strigulose 20-
25/mm.’; below very densely rufo-lanulose, the hairs 30-35/mm.’ and to 1.5 mm.
long. Flowers 5-merous, solitary on short leafy lateral branchlets. Pedicel 3 mm.
above the persistent undifferentiated leaves (bracteoles ?). Hypanthium 5-6 x 5.5-
6.5 mm., 0.6 mm. thick medianly, very densely and finely rufo-lanulose with hairs
to 2.5 mm. long. Sepals 5.5-7.5 x 3.5-4.5 mm., oblong-ovate with the apices
broadly acute, united at bases 0.4-0.6 mm., the sinuses acute, inside densely
fine-strigulose on the apical “4-4. Petals ‘‘sulfur-yellow,’’ 13-14 x 10-12 mm.,
obovate with the apices obliquely truncate or blunt-rounded with a small apiculus,
the marginal gland-tipped cilia 0.1-0.3 mm. Filaments 5-5.5 mm.; anthers 4,5-5.5
mm.; connective at anther base 0.8-1 mm., free of the anther 0.2-0.4 mm., the
ventral lobing 0.2-0.3 mm. Style 21 x 0.8 mm., exserted 5 mm. Ovary 4-4.5 x 2.5-
3.5 mm., densely strigulose with non-glandular hairs on the apical 1.5-2.5 mm.,
the apical lobes 0.6 mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Weberbauer 4406 (LECTOTYPE BR; isotype
G-DEL; fragment of isotype F); ‘‘Peru: Tambo Ventillas apud Chachapoyas,”’
2400-2500 m. elev. .
Type Photographs: F16715 and Gleason 28-5 (destroyed holotype at B).
Distribution: Dept. Amazonas, Peru, alt. 2400-2900 m.
Cerro de Fraijaco northeast of Tambo de Ventilla, Pennell 15841 (PH).
Both B. parvifolium and its nearest relative, B. barbeyanum, are closely re-
lated to B. campanulare and B. rotundifolium, differing however in the solitary
and constantly 5-merous flowers, more obtuse petals, and usually 3-nerved leaves.
Cogniaux thought that the petals of B. parvifolium were probably purple, but Pen-
nell’s aotes and the appearance of the petals on his collection indicate a yellow-
ish color.
8. Brachyotum barbeyanum Cogniaux; DC. Monog, Phan. 7: 158. 1891.
Trichomes smooth. Branchlets obscurely quadrangular, very densely rufo-
lanulose. Petiole 3-10 mm. Blade 16-38 x 11-19 mm., elliptic to elliptic-ovate
with the apex broadly acute to obtuse and the base obtuse, with three primaries
and sometimes also 2 faint marginals on the larger leaves, mostly hidden by the
pubescence; above very densely loose-strigulose, the fine hairs 12-20/mm.’; be-
low very densely rufo-lanulose, the hairs 35-40/mm.’and to 2,mm. long. Flowers
5-merous, solitary on short leafy lateral branchlets. Pedicel 3-4 mm. above the
last persistent undifferentiated leaves (bracteoles ?). Hypanthium 5-7 x 6-6.5
mm., 0.3-0.9 mm. thick medianly, very densely rufo-lanulose with hairs to 3.5 mm.
long. Sepals 8-9.5 x 5.5-G6 mm., oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate with the apices
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 367
narrowly to broadly acute, united at bases 0.7-1.1 mm., the sinuses acute, inside
moderately strigulose on the apical 4-%. Petals deep purple, 13-16 x 11-13 mm.,
obovate with the apices very broadly obtuse, the gland-tipped cilia 0.1-0.3 mm.
Filaments 6-6.5 mm.; anthers 5.5-6.5 mm.; connective at anther base 0.8-1 mm.,
free of the anther 0.4-0.5 mm., the ventral lobing 0.2-0.4 mm. Style 26 x 0.9 mm.,
exserted 5 mm. Ovary 5-7.5 x 3.5-4 mm., densely strigulose with gland-tipped
hairs on the apical 2=3.5 mm., the apical lobes 0.7=1 mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Mathews s.n. (HOLOTYPE G-BOIS; isotypes
BR, NY); “‘in Peruviae ad Chachapoyas.’’
Type Photograph: F36853 (holotype).
Distribution: Dept. Amazonas, Peru, alt. 2800-2900 m.
Cerro de Fraijaco northeast of Tambo de Ventilla, Pennell 15842 (PH).
B. barbeyanum is very similar to B. parvifolium, but differs in the generally
larger proportions, glandular ovary pubescence, and petal color.
9. Brachyotum intermedium Wurdack, sp. nov.
Trichomata minute modiceque aspera. Ramuli novelli quadrangulati cum peti-
olis pedicellisque densissime rufo-gracili-strigosi. Petiolus 10-15 mm. Lamina
28-42 x 15-23 mm. elliptica apice basique obtusa, nervis primariis 5 supra gra-
ciliter impressis subtus expressis sed non vel vix reticulatis; supra modice strig-
ulosa, pilis gracilibus 5-7/mm.’ basibus 4 adhaerentibus et non expansis; subtus
densissime rufo-sericeo-strigulosa 35-40/mm.’ Flores 5-meri terni vel duo addi-
ticii in nodo sub dichasii nodo. Pedicellus 0-1 mm. sub bracteis, 3-4 mm. super;
pedicelli bracteae 8-12 x 3.5-6 mm. ellipticae vel subobovatae persistentes pu-
bescentia foliorum eadem. Hypanthium 5.5 x 5.3 mm., medio 0.3 mm. crassum,
densissime rufo-strigosum. Sepala 5.5-6 x 3.5-4 mm. triangulari-ovata apice acuta
-basi per 0.8-1 mm. cohaerentia, intus parte 4% apicali sparse strigulosa. Petala
purpurea 11.5-12 x 8.5-9 mm. obovata apice obtusa extus apice extremo sparsis-
sime strigulosa aliter glabra, ciliis glandulosis 0.1-0.3 mm. glandulis modice
caducis. Filamenta 4-4.5 mm.; antherae 4.5 mm.; connectivum basi antherae 0.9-1
mm., ab anthera per 0.4-0.5 mm. liberum, lobis ventralibus 0.3 mm. Stylus 19-21 x
0.9 mm., per 8 mm. exsertus. Ovarium 5 x 2.5 mm., apice per 2.5 mm. dense strigu-
losum, lobis apicalibus super loculos 0.5 mm.
Type Collection and Locality: Mathews 3210 p.p. (HOLOTYPE K); Chacha-
poyas, Dept. Amazonas, Peru. Known only from the type collection.
Type Photograph: Gleason 88-10 p.p. (holotype).
The holotype of this species is mounted on the same sheet as the holotype of
B. radula, and Triana’s description of that species included B. intermedium; how-
ever, his description of the upper leaf surface pubescence clearly applies only to
B. radula. From that species, B. intermedium may be distinguished by the obvi-~
ously 5-nerved leaves with somewhat longer petioles, the upper leaf surface with
fine hairs, the non-reticulate secondary veins on the lower leaf surface, the se-
pals which are pubescent within, and the nearly glabrous petals. The trichomes
are much less densely roughened than in B. radula or B. maximowiczit. These tri-
chomes, the internal sepal pubescence, and general appearance suggest linkage
with B, barbeyanum.
10. Brachyotum radula Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 48. 1871.
Brachyotum asperum Cogniaux, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 132. 1908.
Trichomes notably and densely roughened, as in B. ledifolium. Branchlets
rounded-quadrangular, densely strigulose. Petiole 4-11 mm. Blade 20-50 x 10-30
mm., elliptic to ovate-elliptic with the apex obtuse or rounded and the base ob-
tuse, the 3 primaries deeply impressed above and elevated below, the numerous
368 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
1
secondaries obscure above but elevated and prominently reticulate below, the
ends of the secondaries sometimes anastomosing to form indistinct marginals;
above rugose and sparsely strigulose, the hairs 1-2/mm.’ and to about 1 mm. long
with the basal 4-4 adherent and the radicine bases abruptly expanded to 0.3-0.8
mm. diam.; below very densely strigulose to strigose on the primaries, the surface
completely covered with loosely appressed or erect hairs 35-50/mm.’, the smaller
ones almost stellate. Flowers 5-merous, mostly ternate or with an additional pair
at the node below the dichasial node, the persistent leaves subtending the di-
chasium somewhat reduced. Pedicel 0.5-1 mm. below bracts, 2-7 mm. above; ped-
icellar bracts early caducous, 6-7.5 x 2.5-3 mm., spatulate, above glabrous or
sparsely strigulose apically, below densely strigulose. Hypanthium 6.5-9 x 4-7.5
mm., 0.3-1 mm. thick medianly, very densely strigose with the hairs to 2-3 mm.
long. Sepals 5-7.5 x 3-5 mm., oblong-ovate with broadly acute apices, united at
bases 0.9-1.2 mm., the sinuses acute. Petals deep purple, 12-20 x 8-13 mm., ob-
ovate and asymmetrical with broadly acute to obtuse apices, the cilia 0.2-0.8 mm.
and obviously gland-tipped but the glands early-caducous, outside moderately
strigulose 4-8/mm.’ (densely so at apex). Filaments 3.5-6 mm., as long as the
anthers; connective at anther base 0.9-1.4 mm., free of the anther 0.5-0.6 mm.,
the ventral lobing 0.1-0.4 mm. Style 18-28 x 0.9-1.1 mm., exserted 5-13 mm., gla-
brous or with a very few setae on the basal 4. Ovary 5.5-8.5 x 3.5-4.5 mm.,
densely strigose or strigulose on the apical 2-4 mm., the apical lobes 0.6-1.5
mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Mathews 3210 p.p. (HOLOTYPE K); “‘in Peruvia
Chachapoyas,’’ Dept. Amazonas.
Type Photographs and Illustrations: Gleason 88-10 p.p. (holotype); Gleason
28-1 and F16707 (2 different sheets of destroyed type collection of B. asperum at
B);. Teans. Linas Soc. 26: pL. 3,5 330,
Distribution: Dept. Cajamarca and Amazonas, Peru, alt. 3000-3700 m.
Cajamarca: between Chota and Cutervo, Raimondi 3292 (USM); Hacienda La Tajona
northwest of Hualgayoc, Stork & Horton 10023 (F, UC), Weberbauer 4013 (isotypes of B.
asperum BR, G-DEL), Weberbauer 4030 (G-DEL). Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews s.n.
anno 1838 (BR, G-BOIS, G-DEL, K, P).
It is quite possible that the type collection of B. radula actually should be
cited as Mathews s.n., and that the continental specimens are isotypes; a pen-
ciled line on the holotype sheet separates the holotype branch of B. intermedium
along with the Mathews label bearing the number 3210 from the holotype branch of
B. radula,
B. radula differs from B. maximowiczii in somewhat larger and constantly 5-
merous flowers with markedly pubescent petals. B. asperum Cogniaux is an exact
synonym of B. radula Triana; the anther connective is obviously prolonged, des-
pite Cogniaux’s assigning B. asperum to sect. Adesmiae.
11. Brachyotum maximowiczii Cogniaux; DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 154. 1891.
Trichomes as in B. radula. Branchlets obscurely quadrangular, very densely
strigulose to short-strigose. Petiole 3-5 mm. or 8-11 mm. Blade 11-20 or 30-45 x
5-14 mm., elliptic with the apex broadly acute to rounded and the base narrowly
obtuse, the 3 primaries impressed deeply above and elevated below, the second-
aries above obscure but below elevated and laxly reticulate although mostly hid-
den by the pubescence; above sparsely strigulose to tuberculate-strigose, the
hairs 1-3/mm.? with the radicine bases expanded and 0.2-1 mm. diam. and the
attenuate free apices 0.3-1.5 mm. long; below densely strigulose to strigose on
the primaries, the surface very densely appressed-hirsutulous, the hairs 25-50/mm.”
with the smaller ones almost stellate. Flowers usually 4-merous (rarely predomi-
:
:
:
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 369
nantly 5-merous), ternate or with an additional pair of flowers at the node below
the dichasial node, the dichasium subtended by persistent somewhat reduced
leaves 6-12 x 3-6 mm. Pedicel 0.5-2.5 mm. below bracts, 2-7 mm. above; pedi-
cellar bracts persistent or caducous, 3-7 x 1-3.5 mm., elliptic, above glabrous or
apically sparsely strigulose, below densely strigulose. Hypanthium 4.5=6.5 x 3.5=
5 mm., 0.3-0.5 mm. thick medianly, very densely long-strigulose to strigose 6=
15/mm.’ Sepals 4.5-6.5 x 3-5 mm., ovate to oblong-ovate with acute to narrowly
obtuse and usually apiculate apices, united at bases 0.8-1.5 mm., the sinuses
acute. Petals 10-18 x 8.5-12.5 mm., obovate and slightly asymmetrical with ob-
tuse to rounded apices, the cilia 0.1-0.5 mm. and obviously gland-tipped but the
glands early caducous. Filaments 4-6.5 mm., as long as the anthers; connective
at the anther base 1=-1.6 mm., free of the anther 0.5-0.8 mm., the ventral lobing
0.2-0.6 mm. Style 18-28 x 0.6-0.7 mm., exserted 5-10 mm. Ovary 4.5-7.5 x 2.574
mm., moderately to densely long-strigulose on the apical 1.5=3.5 mm., the apical
lobes 0.6-1 mm. above the locules.
lla. Brachyotum maximowiczii var. maximowic Zli.
Petiole 3-5 mm. Blade 11-20 X 6-11 mm.
Type Collection and Locality: Mathews (Fielding) 1256 (HOLOTYPE presum-
ably at LE; ftagment of holotype BR; isotype (K); ‘tin Peruvia ad Bajasan,’’ Dept.
Amazonas.
Distribution: Dept. Amazonas, Peru, alt. 2300-3000 m.
Chachapoyas, Mathews 1260 (BR, K), Mathews s.n. anno 1835 (K), Mathews 45H (K),
Mathews 47H (K), Mathews s.n. anno 1838 (G-BOIS, K); Cerro Puma southeast of Chacha-
poyas, Pennell 15730 (PH); near Puente de Sigseg on Rio Sonche above Molinopampa,
Pennell 15786 (PH).
- 11b. Brachyotum maximowiczii var. longifolium Wurdack, var. nov.
Petiolus 8-11 mm. Lamina 30-45 x 9-14 mm.
Type Collection and Locality: Pennell 15857 (HOLOTYPE PH); Peru, Dept.
Amazonas, Cerro de Fraijaco (Huaui-Huni) northeast of Tambo de Ventilla, in dry
sandy soil, alt. 3000-3200 m., 7 Jul. 1948. ‘‘Shrub. Hypanthium and calyx jasper-
red; petals black.’’ Known only from the type collection.
Cogniaux described this species as 4-merous; on the holotype fragment ex-
amined, however, 6 of the 7 flowers were 5-merous; on the Kew isotype, all 15
examinable flowers were 4-merous. The leaf tubercles on the holotype fragment
are somewhat more prominent than usual, but the variation in development of these
hairs is quite great on the other collections. Among these other collections, ex-
cept for Mathews 47H, all of the 81 examinable flowers were 4-merous. However,
in Mathews 47H, half of the 16 examinable flowers were 4-merous, half 5-merous;
this collection also has leaves with the length/width ratio greater than usual in
the typical variety, narrower more acute sepals, and smaller connective prolonga-
tion (0.7-0.9 mm., free of anther 0.3 mm.). Perhaps the holotype fragment and
Mathews 47H are hybridal variants (xB. angustifolium ?).
Both varieties of B. maximowiczii are in appearance quite distinct from B.
radula, the typical variety because of the smaller leaves, var. longifolium be-
cause of the leaf blade length/width ratio of 2.6-3.3 [rather than 1.5=2(-2.4)]. The
lower leaf surface reticulation is also much less obvious (or completely hidden in
var. longifolium) than in B. radula,.
12. Brachyotum racemosum Cogniaux, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 132. 1908.
Trichomes smooth. Branchlets rounded-quadrangular, very densely loose-
slender-strigose, the hairs persistent and to 2 mm. long. Petiole 7-15 mm. Blade
30-75 x 10-30 mm., elliptic with the apex acute to rounded-acute and the base
370 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
4
broadly acute to obtuse, with the 5 primaries and 20-50 pairs of secondaries nar-
rowly impressed above and elevated below but obscured by the pubescence; above
densely loose-strigose, the slender hairs 4-9/mm.’ and each on a low mamma with
the basal ‘4-4 adherent; below very densely loose-sericeous-strigose 30-50/mm.?
Inflorescence with a terminal dichasium and an additional pair of flowers at the
bi-leaved node below the dichasial node, often with another pair of flowers at the
next-lower persistently bi-leaved node and then the leaves of the penultimate
peduncular node very early caducous; the pair of bracts at the base of the terminal
dichasium similar to the floral bracts but slightly larger (16 x 14 mm.) and cadu-
cous just before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, each closely invested by a pair of
persistent bracts inserted at the immediate base of the hypanthium. Pedicel 3 mm.
to as much as 14 mm. (in the lower axillary flowers) below bracts; floral bracts
10-11 x 13 mm., suborbicular with obtuse short-apiculate apices, outside densely
fine-strigulose on central 4-4, toward the margins and inside glabrous, the mar-
ginal cilia minute. Hypanthium 8-10 x 10-11 mm., 0.5 mm. thick medianly, very
densely sericeous-strigose with the hairs to 8 mm. long. Sepals 5.5-G6 x 6-7 mm.,
broadly ovate with the apices obtuse and apiculate, united at bases 2.4-2.8 mm.,
the sinuses broadly acute. Petals greenish-white, 16-18 x 14-17 mm., asymmet-
tically obovate with the apices truncate to slightly oblique, the cilia 0.1-0.7 mm.
(the terminal one 1-1.5 mm.) and gland-tipped but the glands rather early cadu-
cous. Filaments 7-9.5 mm.; anthers 5-6 mm.; connective at anther base 1-1.2 mm.
but scarcely (only 0.1-0.3 mm.) free of the anther, the ventral lobes 0.3-0.6 mm.
Style 20-24 mm. long and tapering from 0.7-1.3 mm. diam. basally to 0.4 mm.
apically, exserted 4 mm. Ovary 7.5 x 6 mm., very densely short-strigose on the
apical 4.5-5 mm., the apical lobes 0.8 mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Weberbauer 4170 (LECTOTYPE BR; isotype
G-DEL); ‘‘in provincia Chota, in montibus ad occidentem a Huambos versus,...
3100-3200 m. s. m.,’’, Dept. Cajamarca, Peru.
Type Photographs: Gleason 28-6 and F16714 (destroyed holotype at B).
Distribution: Dept. Cajamarca, Peru, alt. 3000-3300 m.
Cutervo, Raimondi 3012 (USM); Llama, Sandeman 4177 (K), Sandeman 4197 (K).
The flowers were originally described as 4-bracteate. On all specimens ex-
amined, however, there are 2 bracts per flower, but the 2 bracts at the base of the
compact terminal dichasium so closely invest these 3 flowers until anthesis that
only a careful examination shows the true number of floral bracts. B. racemosum
is most closely related to B. gleasonii, but differs in the smooth trichomes, greater
sepal union, more conspicuous and differently shaped floral bracts, and longer
hypanthial pubescence. These two species have the largest hypanthia of all spe-
cies inthe genus.
13. Brachyotum gleasonii Wurdack, sp. nov.
Trichomata minute modiceque aspera. Ramuli novelli obscure quadrangulati
cum petiolis pedicellisque dense hirsutuli vel laxo-brevi-strigosi. Petiolus (6—)10=
25 mm. Lamina 30-75 x 10-35 mm. elliptica vel lanceolato-elliptica apice acuta
vel anguste obtusa basi obtusa, nerviis primariis 5 (aut 3-5 distinctioribus cum
marginum duobus additis plus minusve indistinctis) supra anguste impressis sub-
tus expressis secundariis utrinque 20-25 supra et subtus ab piliis occultis; supra
dense laxo-gracili-strigosa, pilis 3-11/mm.’ basi per '4-/ adhaerentibus; subtus
modice hirsuta vel laxo-gracili-strigulosa 5-15/mm.’, glandulis solitariis sparsis.
Flores S-meri plerumque terni vel triterni, cum foliis duobus ad basim dichasii.
Pedicellus sub bracteis 3-10 mm., super 2—4(-10) mm.; bracteae 5-9 x 2=4.5 mm.
ellipticae caducae vel persistentes, supra in parte '4-% apicali strigulosae basim
“a
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 371
versus glabrae, subtus modice strigulosae. Hypanthium 6-9 x 7-9 mm., medio
0.4-0.5 mm. crassum, densissime hirsutum vel laxo-strigosum, pilis 8-20/mm.’ et
ad 2 mm. longis. Sepala 5-9 x 4.5-6 mm. ovata vel oblongo-ovata apice late acuta
vel anguste obtusa et breviter apiculata base per 0.7-1 mm. cohaerentia, sinu
acuto. Petala 16-19x 14-18 mm. obovata apice rotunda vel leviter obliquo-trun-
cata, ciliis 0.2-0.7 mm. (uno terminali 0.7-1.1 mm.) non-glandulosis. Filamenta
7-9 mm.; antherae 5.5-8 mm.: connectivum basi antherae non vel vix (per 0.1 mm.)
ab anthera liberum. Stylus 20-25 mm. longus, basi 1-1.4 mm. apice 0.5-0.7 mm.
diam., per 2-5 mm. exsertus. Ovarium 6-7.5 x 4-5 mm. apice per 3-4 mm. dense
strigulosum, lobis apicalibus super loculos 0.5-2 mm.
Type Collection and Locality: Camp E-4118 (HOLOTYPE NY); Ecuador, Chim-
borazo-Cafiar border (western escarpment), near Pimo, alt. 10200-10400 ft., 9 Jul.
1945. *‘Tree 6 m. Lvs dark green, nitid under pubescence above; bright green be-
low. Stems, petioles, and veins below deep red. Calyx deep crimson. Corolla
‘white, faintly tinged with yellow, of the tubular type which is pendant and does
not open fully.”’
Distribution: central Ecuador, alt. 3000-3100 m.
Pichincha: Pichincha near ‘‘Frutillas,’’ Sodiro 469 (BR); Atacazo, Sodiro 473b (BR).
Bolivar: near Chunchi, Rimbach 352 (MICH, S).
Cogniaux had annotated the Sodiro collections, one as a new species and the
other as a variety of B. ledifolium, but these names were never published. B.
gleasonii is closely related to and intermediate between B. racemosum and B.
ledifolium. From the latter, the cited collections may be distinguished by the much
less shaggy trichomes, larger leaves, longer hypanthial pubescence, usually
larger pedicellar bracts, generally larger flowers, and denser ovary pubescence.
- Especially striking is the absence of the graduated short pseudo-stellate hairs so
characteristic of the lower leaf surface in B. ledifolium; these hairs, in B. glea-
sonti, are slender, rather flexuous, and inconspicuously roughened.
14. Brachyotum ledifolium (Desr.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 48. 1871.
Melastoma ledifolia Desr. in Lam. Encyc. 4: 48. 1796.
Rhexia canescens Bonpl. Rhexies 14. 1806-1808.
Chaetogastra canescens (Bonpl.) DC. Prodr. 3: 134. 1828. Non sensu Naudin, Ann. Sci.
Nat. III. 14: 135. 1850.
Pleroma ledifolium (Desr.) DC. Prodr. 3: 151. 1828.
Alifana canescens (Bonpl.) Raf. Syl. Tell. 101. 1838.
** ?Lasiandra ledifolia’’ (Bonpl.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 13: 159. 1849.
Chaetogastra sulphurea Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 135. 1850.
Chaetogastra bonplandiana Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 137. 1850.
Brachyetum canescens (Bonpl.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 48. 1871.
Brachyotum sulphureum Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 166. 1871. (?) Nomen nudum.
Trichomes notably shaggy-plumulose. Branchlets rounded-quadrangular, densely
to moderately and rather persistently loose-strigulose. Petiole (2-)4-7 mm. Blade
(9=)15=25(-40) x (5-)7-12(-15) mm., elliptic to ovate with the apex acute to ob-
tuse and the base obtuse to subtruncate, the 3 primaries narrowly impressed above
and elevated below, the 10-15 pairs of secondaries obscurely impressed above
and elevated below; above sparsely to densely short-strigulose to short-strigose,
the hairs 1-20/mm.’ and ‘4-4 adherent with their bases not markedly expanded;
below densely to very densely hirsutulous, the hairs (10-)30-60/mm.’ and of vary-
ing lengths with the very numerous shorter ones appearing almost stellate due to
much-contracted axes, giving a sparkling appearance to the surface (sub lente),
the glands solitary and 20-30/mm.’ but obscured by the hairs. Flowers 5-merous
(very rarely a few 4-merous), mostly solitary on short bi-bracteolate pedicels in
Opposite upper leaf axils, rarely the terminal ones ternate with the peduncle not
a72 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
differentiated, or solitary and terminal. Pedicel 4-9 mm. below the bracteoles, 1-5
mm. above; pedicellar bracteoles 3.5-5 x 2-4 mm., rarely leaflike to 11 x 6 mm.,
elliptic, above glabrous or apically strigulose, below as the leaves, early cadu-
cous or persistent until just after anthesis. Hypanthium 4-8 x 4-6 mm., 0.4-0.7
mm. thick medianly, very densely strigulose to short-strigose 15-30/mm.’ Sepals
(4-)5-7 x 3-4.5 mm., ovate-oblong with the apices obtuse to rounded, united at
bases 0.4-1.2 mm., the sinuses narrowly acute or rounded, sometimes with a few
longer sinal hairs to 1-2 mm. Petals pale yellow, 9-17 x 9-15 mm., asymmetri-
cally obovate with the apices obliquely truncate to very broadly obtuse, the cilia
0.1-0.5 mm. (terminally to 0.6-1 mm.) and non-glandular (rarely a few of the basal
cilia with early-caducous glandular tips). Filaments 5<9.5 mm.; anthers 4-9 mm.;
connective at anther base 0.5-0.8 mm. wide but almost always not at all prolonged
nor free of the anther. Style 17-25 x 0.5-0.8 mm., exserted 2-8 mm. Ovary 5=-7.5 x
3-4.5 mm., sparsely strigulose on the apical 1.5-3 mm., the apical lobes 0.5=1.5
mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: ]. de Jussieu san. (HOLOTYPE presumably in
Herb. de Jussieu at P). Since de Jussieu began his Andean collecting in northern
Ecuador and visited Quito, the type locality is probably somewhere in this area,
perhaps the slopes of Pichincha which are readily accessible from Quito and from
which subsequently have been collected many specimens which duplicate the type
photograph.
Type Photographs and Illustrations: F 36131 (presumed holotype); F 36136 (pre-
sumed holotype of Rhbexia canescens at P); F36130 (presumed holotype of Chae-
togastra sulphurea at P); F 36129 (presumed holotype of Chaetogastra bonplandiana
at P); Rhexies p/. 6, not pl. 18 (1806-1808) (as Rhexia canescens); Ann. Sci. Nat.
Ill. 14: pl. 4, f. 6 (as Chaetogastra bonplandiana); Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: pl. 3, f.
33e (as Brachyotum sulphureum. The assignment of this name and drawing to B.
ledifolium is questionable, since the flower shown is 4-merous and the anthers mi-
nutely tuberculate.) |
Distribution: central Colombia to central Ecuador, alt. 2600-4200 m.
COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Paramo San Fortunato between Bogota and Fusagasuga,
Andre 1018 (BR, K, NY); near Sibate, Holton 911 (G-BOIS, K, NY, PH), Linden 820 (BR,
G-BOIS, G-DEL, P, W); El Pefion, Andre 1464 (K), Pennell 2409 (NY); Fusagasuga, Purdie
s.n. (GH, K); Paramo de Sumapaz, Fosberg 20825 (NY, NA). Cauca: Paramo de Moras be-
tween Mczoco and Pitayo, Pittier 1343 (NY, US); between Silvia and Pitayo, Core 58 (NY,
NA); near Silvia, Haught 5108 (NY, US), Yepes 242 (US); Paramo de las Delicias, Dry-
ander 2715 (F, NY); Paramo de Guanacas, Lehmann 6377 (K); near Popayan, Lehmann 8650
(F, K, NY); near Purace, Andre 556 (K), Perez & Cuatrecasas 5901 (F, NY, US), Bonpland
s.n. (isotypes of Rhexia canescens F, G-DEL, P), Cuatrecasas 14667 (F, NY), Dryander
1728 (US), von Sneidern 1832 (S), von Seeoione 1835 (S), von Sneidem 2457 (S); between
Paletara and Calaguala, Pennell 7087 (GH, NY, PH, US); Paletara, Pemnell 7072 (GH, NY,
PH, US). Huila: Huila, Dryander 1074 (NY, US). Narita: Volcan El Galeras, Schultes &
Villarreal 7999 (NY); Guaco de Pasto, Karsten s.n. (W); between Sibundoy and Pasto,
Schultes & Villarreal 7528 (NY, US); Tuquerres, Espinosa 3137 (NY), Karsten s.n. (BR,
W); Guachucal, Balls 5773 (UC, US). Putumayo: Laguna de la Cocha near Santa Lucia,
Cuatrecasas 11823 (NY, US).
ECUADOR: Carchi: Volcan Chiles, Camp E302 (NY); Paramo del Azufral east of El
Angel, Mexia 7527 (NY, US); La Rinconada between Ibarra and Tulcan, Hitchcock 20778
(GH, NY, US). Imbabura: Cuicocha, Acosta 11039 (F), Acosta 11345 (F); near Otavalo,
Acosta 8062 (F); San Miguel, Wiggins 10363 (NY). Pichincha: between Nono and Cotocal-
lao, Mexia 7711 (GH, NY, S, UC, US); Pichincha, Couthouy s.n. (GH, NY), Ewan 16385
(NY), Hall 20 (K), Holmgren 501 (S), Jameson s.n. (or 262 ?) (isotypes of Chaetogastra
sulphurea F, G-BOIS, G-DEL, K, L, W), Jameson 531 (P), Mexia 6803 (NY, US), Sodiro
471a (BR), Sodiro 471b (BR), Steyermark 52348 (F); near Quito, Karsten s.n. (BR, W), Leb-
mann 184 (BR, G-BOIS); east of Ungu, Firmin 197 (F, NY, US); near Lloa, Asplund 8632
(S); Santa Rosa in the Chillo valley (south of Alangasi ?), Anthony & Tate 211 (US); Anti-
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 373
sanilla, Anthony & Tate 352 (US); Gualilagua near El Corazon, Acosta 7116 (F). Coto-
paxi: Cotopaxi, Asplund 6371 (G-DEL, S, US), Rowlee & Mixter 1127 (US); between Pilalo
and Zumbagua, Haught 2947 (NY, US). Napo-Pastaza: Papallacta, Heinrichs 601 (G-DEL).
Bolivar: Urcu-corral, Acosta 6616 (F). Tungurahua: near Ambato, Pachano 178 (GH, NY,
US); various localities but especially near Ambato, Spmce 5147 (BR, F, G-BOIS, G-DEL,
GH, K, NY, P, S, W); Carihuairazo, Rorud s.n. (F); near ‘‘Paramo of Minza,’’ Penland &
Summers 339 (F, NY); ‘‘Sec. Alta de Pasa,’’ Acosta 8737 (F); near Mocha, Sodiro 468
(BR). Chimborazo: between Urbina and Mocha, Asplund 6926 (S); near Riobamba, Sande-
man 53 (K), Schimpff 802 (A, G-DEL); Cubillin (east of Licto), Acosta 7533 (F), Acosta
7534 (F); between Pungala and Cusuipaccha, Scolnik 1534 (NY); Calaguin near Sibambe,
Acosta 5483 (F); between Las Cochas and Pagma north of Huigra, Wiggins 11027 (NY).
Without province: eastern Cordillera, Rimbach 9 (A, F, GH, NY, US), Rimbach 82 (A, F),
Rimbach 236 (NY, US).
WITHOUT LOCALITY: Bonpland s.n. (fragment of presumed holotype of Chaetogasira
bonplandiana F); herb. Ruiz & Pavon s.n. (F); herb. Ventenat s.n. (possible isotype of
Melastoma ledifolia G-DEL).
Vernacular Names: Sarzilejo (Bonpl. Rhexies); Puca Chaglla (Steyermark
52348); Illinche (Acosta 8737); Pucafichana (Acosta 8062); Rumbra (Acosta 7533);
Zarzillejo (Dryander 2715); Puka-shakia (Quito, Lehmann 6377).
One of the several Bonpland sheets seen from Paris was labeled ‘‘Loxa,’’ but
this sheet seems to be part of the same collection as the Bonpland Puracé speci-
mens. The herb. Ventenat specimen (G-DEL) is probably an isotype of Melastoma
ledifolia, since the sheet, according to the label, was given to Ventenat by La-
marck in whose publication Desrousseaux’s description appeared. The herb. Ruiz
& Pavon specimen (F) was probably collected by Tafalla in Ecuador.
From the type photograph of Melastoma ledifolia, which indicates that A. L.
de Jussieu’s herbarium was not given to Paris until 1857, and from Naudin’s ques-
tioning the transfer of this species to Lasiandra, it is evident that Naudin had not
- seen the J. de Jussieu holotype of this species; if he had seen this collection,
the Jameson collection upon which Chaetogastra sulphurea was based would
likely have been placed under Desrousseaux’s species. The isotype of Chaeto-
gastra rostrata (F 38256) in the Jussieu herbarium also was not annotated by Nau-
din, although he described that species from another sheet of the same Dombey
collection at Paris.
In Wiggins 11027, Acosta 7534, and Haught 2947, the ventral lobes of the con-
nective are free of the anther 0.1-0.5 mm., but otherwise these collections agree
perfectly with the vast majority of other collections. No demarcation can be made
between specimens with the leaves smaller and more generally ovate and the up-
per leaf surface densely pubescent (many Colombian collections) and those with
larger elliptic leaves and the upper leaf surface sparsely strigulose (many Pi-
chincha collections); every modification between these two mild extremes exists.
Rhexia canescens and Chaetogastra bonplandiana generally belong to the former
category, Melastoma ledifolia and Chaetogastra sulphurea to the latter. Lager-
heim (1899) noted the variability of these characters in various ecologic niches
on the slopes of Pichincha.
In addition to B. gleasonii, B. ledifolium seems to be also related to B. radula
and B. maximowiczii; these Peruvian species differ in the petal color and shape,
the connective prolongation, the strictly appressed pubescence on stems and
lower leaf surface primaries, and the much broader-based trichomes on the upper
leaf surface.
15. Brachyotum weberbaueri Cogniaux, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 133. 1908.
Trichomes markedly shaggy. Branchlets rounded-quadrangular, densely and
persistently fine-hirsutulous, the hairs to 1.5 mm. long. Petiole 8-10 mm. Blade
17-30 x 6-13 mm., elliptic with the apex blunt-acute and the base acute, the 3
374 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
primaries impressed above and elevated below, the 30-35 pairs of secondaries ob-
scure above and mostly obscured by the pubescence below; above densely tuber-
culate-strigulose, the hairs 8-10/mm.’ and in 20-30 irregular rows at the widest
part of the blade with their bases 0.3-0.4 mm. diam. and their abruptly attenuate
tips to 0.4 mm. long; below very densely hirsutulous, the larger hairs to 1 mm.
long and about 15/mm.’ intermingled with a dense (35-40/mm.’) covering of mi-
nute pseudoestellate hairs. Flowers 4-merous, ternate or with an additional pair at
the node below the dichasial node, the slightly reduced leaves subtending the di-
chasium caducous usually just after anthesis. Pedicel 0.5=1 mm. below bracte-
oles, 1-3 mm. above; pedicellar bracteoles 3-4.5 x 0.8-1.3 mm., oblong-lanceo-
late, caducous usually just after anthesis, above glabrous, below moderately
loose-strigulose. Hypanthium 3.5-4.5 x 4=4.5 mm., 0.3 mm. thick medianly, densely
ascending-hirsutulous, the hairs 14-16/mm.’ with their bases 0.3-0.6 mm. diam.
and their rather abruptly long-attenuate apices to 2 mm. long. Sepals 3.5-4 x 3=4
mm., triangular with acute apices, united at bases 0.5 mm., the sinuses acute.
Petals ‘‘viridia margine violacea,’’ 11-13 x 9-10 mm., obovate with the apices
obliquely truncate, the marginal cilia 0.3-0.8 mm. and with rather caducous gland-
ular tips. Filaments 3.5-4.5 mm.; anthers 2.5-3 mm.; connective at anther base
0.8-0.9 mm. wide but not at all prolonged nor free of the anther. Style 15-20 x 0.8
mm., exserted 6 mm. Ovary 4 x 3 mm., sparsely short-strigulose on the apical 1.5-
2 mm., the apical lobes 0.5 mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Weberbauer 4405 (LECTOTYPE BR; isotype
G-DEL; fragment F); Peru, Dept. Amazonas, ‘‘Tambo Ventillas, ad orientem a
Chachapoyas versus,’’ alt. 2400-2600 m. Known only from the type collection.
Type Photographs: Gleason 28-7 and F16720 (destroyed holotype at B).
The closest relative of B. weberbaueri seems to be B. ledifolium which has
similar lower leaf surface hairs, petal shape, and ovary; however, the affinity is
distant. In many respects, B. weberbaueri suggests a linkage to B. angustifolium,
the sepals, petals, and inflorescence being somewhat similar; the peduncles,
while stout and not differentiated, are partially cernuous.
16. Brachyotum gracilescens Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 49. 1871.
Trichomes smooth. Young branchlets quadrangular, sparsely strigulose and
soon glabrescent, the nodal patent hairs to 2 mm. long. Petiole 5-10 mm. Blade
20-60 x 10-25 mm., ovate with the apex acute and base obtuse to rounded-truncate,
thin and i.s. plane or somewhat rugose, the 3 primaries and 15-20 pairs of sec-
ondaries narrowly impressed above and narrowly elevated below; above very
sparsely short-strigose or long-strigulose with broad glabrous strips along the
primaries, the slender hairs mostly 1-2/mm.? (occasionally as dense as 5-6/mm.’)
with their basal 4-4 adherent; below sparsely to very sparsely loose-slender-
long-strigulose along the veins, the surface glabrous except for the sparse (3-
15/mm.’) solitary glands. Flowers 4-merous, solitary, binate, or ternate on long
(20-30 x 0.5 mm.) slender peduncles from opposite upper leaf axils, the bracteoles
at the peduncular apex 1.5=-3 x 0.3-0.6 mm. and early caducous. Pedicel 3-11 mm.
below bracteoles, 1-5 mm. above; pedicellar bracteoles 1-1.5 x 0.2 mm., glabrous
except for the appressed cilia and a few hairs abaxially on the single vein, very
early caducous, absent in uniflorous inflorescences and usually absent in the
center flower of the dichasium. Hypanthium 4-5 x 4-4.5 mm., 0.2-0.3 mm. thick
medianly, sparsely strigulose, the slender hairs 3-5(-9)/mm.” Sepals 3-4.5 x 3.5-
5.5 mm., the apical 2~3.5 mm. broadly subulate and 1.5-2.5 mm. wide, the apices
short-apiculate, united at bases 0.2-0.7 mm., the sinuses acute, outside glabrous
except for a few hairs on the basal 4~'4 of the midrib. Petals carmine to basally
white with bright rose margins, 1219 x 10-15 mm., asymmetrically obovate with
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 375
the apices broadly rounded to obliquely truncate, the midvein sometimes with a
small apiculus, the non-glandular cilia 0.1-0.4 mm. (the terminal one 0.6-1 mm.).
Filaments 5-9 mm.; anthers 3.5-7.5 mm.; connective at anther base not at all ex-
tended .nor free of the anther. Style 17-24 x 0.6-0.8 mm., exserted 2-6 mm. Ovary
4=5 x 2-2.5 mm., sparsely strigulose on the apical 0.3-1 mm. with conic setae,
the apical lobes 0.2-0.4 mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Spruce 6084 (HOLOTYPE K; isotypes BR, G-
BOIS, G-DEL, GH, P, S, W); ‘‘in silvis montis Tunguragua alt. 10,000 ped.’’ (fide
holotype), Prov. Tungurahua, Ecuador.
Type Photographs: Gleason 87-5 (holotype); F16710 (destroyed isotype at B).
Distribution: central to southern Ecuador, alt. 2400-3000 m.
Tungurahua: between ‘‘Leito y La Cima,’’ Acosta 9075 (F). Azuay: near Sevilla de
Oro, Camp E-4586 (NY). Loja: ‘‘Cerros de Acacana’’ about 30 km. north of Loja, Espi-
nosa E1437 (NY).
B. gracilescens and its relatives, B.. fraternum and B. rugosum, form a group
whose other relationships are obscure; they are somewhat suggestive of B. rost-
ratum and its relatives in the slender peduncles, obtuse to truncate petals, and
etuberculate anthers; however, the smooth hairs and/or large leaves are anomalous.
17. Brachyotum fraternum Wurdack, sp. nov.
Trichomata laevia. Ramuli novelli quadrangulati cum petiolis pedicellisque
modice laxo-strigulosi. Petiolus 3-5 mm. Lamina 10-15 x 5-8 mm. ovata vel
elliptico-ovata apice acuta basi obtusa, nervis primariis 3 supra impressis subtus
expressis, secundariis 10-15-jugis supra invisis subtus obscure expressis et laxe
reticulatis; supra modice strigulosa, pilis gracilibus 4-6/mm.’ per dimidium ba-
salem adhaerentibus; subtus in nervis primariis sparse strigulosa, nervis secun-
- dariis superficieque sparsissime strigulosis, punctis nigris 4-7/mm.’ ex glandu-
larum acervulis compositis. Inflorescentiae oppositae in axillis foliorum superi-
orum; flores 4-meri saepe terni; pedunculus gracilis efoliatus 7-15 x 0.5 mm.,
apice bracteis duabus ascendentibus singulis 3.5-4 x 2.5=3 mm. ovato-triangulari-
bus supra glabris marginibus sparse appresso-ciliatis subtus per costam sparse
strigulosis aliter glabris; pedicelli 1-3 x 0.4-0.5 mm. ebracteolati. Hypanthium
4.5-5 x 4.5-5 mm., medio 0.3 mm. crassum, sparse brevi-strigulosum 7-9/mm.”
Sepala 5=5.5 x 4-4.5 mm. ovata-oblonga apice acuta basi 1 mm. cohaerentia, sinu
acuto. Petala 13-14 x 8.5-11 mm. asymmetrice obovata apice late obtusa vel ro-
tunda, ciliis glandulosis (glandulis valde caducis) 0.1-0.2 mm. longis. Filamenta
7-8 mm.; antherae 5-6 mm.; connectivum basi antherae non productum nec liberum.
Stylus 19-20 x 0.5 mm., per 6-7 mm. exsertus. Ovarium 5 x 3.5 mm., apice per 2
mm. sparsissime brevi-strigulosum setis conicis, lobis apicalibus super loculos
0.4 mm.
Type Collection and Locality: Camp E-4871 (HOLOTYPE NY); Ecuador, Azuay-
Oriente border, Paramo del Castillo and surrounding forested areas, crest of the
eastern cordillera on the trail between Sevilla de Oro and Mendez, alt. 11000-
11300 ft., 21 Aug. 1945. ‘“‘Series of loose straggling shrubs, rarely more than 1 m.
high. Lvs deep green above, pale below, nitid on both sides. Hypanthium and
lobes pale green, often reddish-tinged above. Corolla urceolate in outline. Petals
white (greenish-tinged in bud and pale green along the veins at anthesis), margin
—sometimes to depth of 1 mm.—outlined in deep purple, this character standard
for all plants seen and evident even in young buds.’’ Known only from the type
collection. |
B. fraternum is very closely related to B. gracilescens, but differs in the much
smaller leaves, shorter peduncles, broader peduncular bracts, all flowers in the
dichasia without pedicellar bracteoles, and the glands on the under surfaces of
376 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
the leaves in small clusters turning black with age. In all ways, this species
seems to be a much-reduced higher-altitude version of B. gracilescens.
18. Brachyotum rugosum Wurdack, sp. nov.
Trichomata modice muriculata. Ramuli novelli obscure guadrangulati modice
longo-strigulosi tarde glabrescentes. Petiolus 7-13 mm. Lamina 24-50 x 13=25
mm. ovata apice acuta basi obtusa vel subtruncata, rugosa, nervis primariis 5,
secundariis reticulatis, omnibus supra anguste impressis subtus anguste expressis;
supra sparse strigosa (secus nervos primarios glabra), pilis 2/mm.’ basi 4 ad-
haerentibus et leviter expansis (ad 0.2 mm, diam.); subtus in nervis primariis dense
strigosa, in venulis sparse laxo-brevi-strigosa, glandulis solitariis sparsis 2/mm.’,
aliter glabra. Flores 4-meri bini, inflorescentiis in axillis oppositis foliorum su-
periorum; pedunculi pedicellorumque bracteolae valde caducae non visae; pedi-
cellus 1-2.5 mm. sub bracteolis, 3-5 mm. super. Hypanthium 4 x 4.5 mm., medio
0.2 mm. crassum, sparse laxo-gracili-brevi-strigulosum 7-9/mm.’ Sepala 4.5=5 x
4-4.5 mm. apice subulata (3 x 1.5 mm.)-basi per 0.7 mm. cohaerentia lobis basi
expansis, sinu obtuso. Petala 11-12 x 9-10 mm. obovata apice late asymmetri-
ceque obtusa, ciliis 0.1-0.3 mm. (terminali 0.7 mm.) non-glandulosis. Filamenta
5-5.5 mm.; antherae 4.5-5.5 mm.; connectivum basi antherae 0.6-0.7 mm. minute
(per 0.1-0.2 mm.) liberum, lobis ventralibus 0.1-0.2 mm. Stylus 18 x 0.6-0.7 mm.,
per 5 mm. exsertus. Ovarium 4.5 x 2.5 mm. apice per 2 mm. sparse brevi-strigu-
losum setis conicis, lobis apicalibus super loculos 0.9 mm.
Type Collection and Locality: Steyermark 54316 (HOLOTYPE F; isotypes NY,
US); Ecuador, Prov. Santiago-Zamora, trail between Pailas and El Pan, alt. 2255=
3445 m., 10 Sept. 1943. ‘Shrub 5 ft. tall; fls nodding; petals dark purple; fila-
ments lavender; anthers whitish; leaves rugose both sides, dark green above, dull
green below.’’ Known only from the type collection.
B. rugosum is more suggestive of the B. rostratum complex than either of its
relatives, but differs considerably in its large rather thin leaves, eglandular petal
cilia, and much less prominently roughened hairs. From its nearest relatives, B.
gracilescens and B. fraternum, it differs in the roughened hairs, 5-nerved leaves,
narrower calyx lobe apices, and longer ovary lobes. The flower dissected was
from the New York isotype.
19. Brachyotum microdon (Naudin) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 49. 1871.
Chaetogastra microdon Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 132. 1850.
Chaetogastra pentlandii Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 133. 1850.
Chaetogastra hermannioides Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 133. 1850.
Brachyotum pentlandii (Naudin) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 49. 1871.
Brachyotum hermannioides (Naudin) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 49. 1871.
Brachyotum setosum Gleason, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 314. 1927.
Tri¢homes minutely but densely roughened. Branchlets quadrangular, sparsely
to densely strigulose to loose-strigulose. Petiole 4-20 mm. Blade 15-85 x 8-40
mm., elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate to ovate with the apex acute to rounded and
the base obtuse to subtruncate, thinly coriaceous to chartaceous, the 3 primaries
thinly impressed above and elevated below, an additional pair of marginals more
or less distinctly developed, the numerous soon-reticulate secondaries obscure
above and obscurely elevated below; above sparsely to moderately strigulose or
strigose, the hairs 1-15/mm.’ with the basal '4-"4 adherent and not abruptly ex-
panded; below sparsely to moderately hirsute or strigulose (]- -)2-15(-25)/mm.’,
the glands solitary and sparse to very dense 5-80/mm.? Flowers constantly 5-
merous, mostly ternate, sometimes with a pair of additional flowers at the node
below the dichasial air or with still another pair at the next-lower node, occa-
sionally the dichasia ternate, the dichasia subtended by persistent slightly re-
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 377
duced leaves. Pedicel 2-60 mm. below the bracteoles, 3-15 mm. above; pedi-
cellar bracteoles (or bracts) 5=25 x 1-8 mm., 3-nerved, linear or narrowly elliptic
to spatulate or narrowly ovate, sometimes leaflike, caducous in late bud or per-
sistent until fruit, pubescent as the leaves or the smaller glabrous above. Hypan-
thium 5-9 x 4-8 mm., fleshy and 0.5-1.4 mm. thick medianly, moderately to densely
short- to long-strigulose, the hairs (10-)15-25(-40)/mm.” Sepals (3-)4-6(-7) x (3=)
4~5 mm., united at bases 1=2(-3) mm., the lobes acuminate-triangular to triangular,
the sinuses broad and rounded. Petals deep purple, (14-)16-19(=23) x (11-)13=-16
(-21) mm., asymmetrically obovate with the apices very broadly obtuse to almost
- truncate and with small midvein acumens, the cilia 0.1-0.4 mm. (the terminal few
to 1 mm.) and tipped with inconspicuous early-caducous glandular tips. Filaments
(4-)5-7 mm., as long as the anthers; connective at anther base 1-1.8 mm., free of
the anther 0.3-0.7 mm., the ventral lobing 0-0.6 mm. Style 20-36 x (0.5-)0.8=1.3
mm., apically tapered usually noticeably, exserted 4-15 mm. Ovary 5.5=-10.5 x
3.5-5 mm., moderately to densely strigulose to short-strigose on the apical 3=7
mm., the apical lobes 1-4.5 mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: D’Orbigny 481 (HOLOTYPE P); near ‘*‘Carcuata-
Yungas.”’ This locality is perhaps Circuata, Dept. La Paz, Bolivia.
Type Photographs and Illustrations: F36132 (HOLOTYPE); New York s.n.
(holotype of Chaetogastra hermannioides), F36128 (isotype of Chaetogastra her-
mannioides at P); F36138 (presumed holotype of Chaetogastra pentlandii at P);
New York s.n. (holotype of Brachyotum setosum); Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: pl. 4, f. 6
(1850) (as Chaetogastra hermannioides).
Distribution: northwestern Bolivia to extreme northwestern Argentina, alt.
1900-3800 m.
BOLIVIA: LaPaz: near Pelechuco, Pearce s.n. (K), R. S. Williams 2471 (NY); between
‘ Ocara and Ancoma, Tate 860 (NY); Tusuhuaya, Cardenas 1315 (NY); near Sorata, Mandon
641 (BR, G-BOIS, K, P, S, W), Weddell s.n. (P); ‘‘San Felipe’’ in Prov. Sur Yungas, Asp-
lund 1803 (S); near Unduavi, Asplund 1845 (S), Buchtien 219 (F, G-DEL, GH, K, NY, SI),
Buchtien 2916 (BR, US), Eyerdam 25368 (F, G-DEL, UC), Julio 325 (US), Rusby 2340 (F,
G-BOIS, GH, MICH, NY, P, PH, US); base of Illimani, Pentland s.n. (isotype of Chaeto-
gastra pentlandii P; fragment F); ‘‘Nequejahuira”’ in Cordillera Real, Tate 660a (NY); Ca-
racoles, Nichols & Eggers s.n. (F); near Pongo, Tate 187a (NY), White 151 (holotype of
B. setosum NY; isotypes GH, MICH, PH, US). Cochabamba: ‘‘Sailapata’’ in Prov. Ayo-
paya, Cardenas 3056 (GH, P, S, US), Cardenas 3214 (F); Yungas, Bang 695 (F, G-BOIS,
GH, MICH, NY, PH, US, W); below ‘‘Llanta Aduana’’ in Prov. Chapare, Balls B6277 (GH,
NY, UC, US); ‘‘Plumerito’’? between Colomi and Tablas, Cardenas 3981 (US); Incachaca,
Werdermann 2015 (S); near Colomi, Balls B6249 (GH, NY, UC, US); Sacaba, Steinbach 5948
(F, LIL, NY, SI); Cochabamba, Bang s.n. (NY, US); near Pocona, Steinbach 8667 (F, GH,
K, NY, S). Santa Cruz: between Comarapa and San Mateo, Herzog 1913 (BR, L, S, W),
Steinbach 8512 (GH, NY). Chuquisaca: Prov. Tomina, Weddell 3784 (holotype of Chaeto-
gastra hermannioides P; isotype F); near Padilla, Carriker s.n. (PH); without definite lo-
cality, Weddell 3783 (P). Tarija: ‘‘Narvais’’ between Tarija and Chaco, Fries 1283 (S,
US); Tucumilla near Tarija, Fiebrig 2458 (A, BR, G-DEL, GH, K, L, P, S, US, W). With-
out Department: Bridges s.n. (BR, G-BOIS, K) Cuming s.n. (W), Lobb s.n. (W), Pearce 709
(K).
ARGENTINA: Jujuy: ‘'Tirasi near Volcan, Castillon 399 (LIL, NY), Castillon 9378
(LIL, NY), Castillon 9474 (LIL, NY); ‘‘Juan Gaban”’ near Leon, Castillon 538 (LIL, NY);
Yala, Burkart & Troncoso 11264 (NY), O’Donell 4880 (LIL).
There are no noticeable criteria for specific delimitation of the three epithets
here involved. The ‘‘pentlandii’’ element would typically be represented by speci-
mens with compact inflorescences, elliptic round-tipped leaf blades (15-35 x 8-16
mm.) with length/width ratio of 1.8-2.6 and with the upper surfaces sparsely strig-
ulose (1-2/mm.’), sparsely strigulose branchlets, and ovary apex lobes 2=4.5 mm.
long: Pentland s.n., Nichols & Eggers s.n., White 151, Cardenas 3214, and Bridges
s.n. Similar but with upper leaf surface pubescence 2-7/mm.’ and ovary apex
378 | MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
lobes 1-1.5 mm. long are Balls B6249 p.p. (US p.p.), Steinbach 8667, Herzog 1913,
and Cuming s.n. With similar leaf shape but denser and longer upper leaf surface
pubescence (6-14/mm.’) and very loosely appressed dense ’branchlet pubescence
are Werdermann 2015, Steinbach 8512, and most of Balls B6249, although the last-
named collection has great variation in pubescence density. Balls B6277 ranges
from sprigs similar to Balls B6249 to some approaching the northern ‘therman-
nioides’’ element (but with contracted inflorescences); also similar to the north-
ern ‘‘hermannioides’’ phase is Steinbach 5948. In part overlapping these last two
collections to some extent is a ‘‘microdon’’ element with compact inflorescences,
elliptic-lanceolate acute-tipped leaf blades with length/width ratio of 2=3.6 and
with the upper surfaces moderately strigulose ((3-)5-8(-11)/mm.’), generally very
loosely appressed branchlet pubescence, and ovary apex lobes 1.5=2.5 mm. long.
This group includes all other specimens from Depts. La Paz and Cochabamba, ex-
cept Cardenas 3056 which has a leaf blade length/width ratio of 2.6=3 but ovary
apex lobes 3.7-3.9 mm. long. In all the foregoing groups, the pedicellar bracteoles
are mostly caducous before anthesis and generally are linear to very narrowly
spatulate (5-14 x 0.7-4 mm.); the pedicels are 2-7(-11) mm. long below the brac-
teoles. With leaf shape and size as in Balls B-6277 p.p. and Steinbach 5948
(ovate and acute-tipped, 20-40 x 10-20 mm.), but branchlet pubescence sparse
and strictly appressed, the upper surfaces of the leaf blades sparsely short-
strigose (1-3/mm.’), the pedicels 10-20 mm. long below the bracteoles, and the
persistent bracteoles 8-11 x 1.5=3.5 mm., is a northern ‘‘hermannioides’’ element:
Weddell 3783, Weddell 3784, and Carriker s.n. The southern ‘thermannioides’”’
element, consisting of Fiebrig 2458, Fries 1283, and all Argentinian specimens,
is similar but shows larger leaves (30-85 x 20-40 mm.), variation in length of
pedicels below bracteoles of 6-60 mm., and persistent bracteoles 10-4] x 2-11
mm. While the morphologic variation between the extremes is great, even varietal
delimitation within B. microdon will be difficult and has been deferred.
No immediate relatives of B. microdon are apparent. The pubescence is some-
what suggestive of B. ledifolium. Perhaps a closer relative is B. floribundum,
which differs in type of pubescence, development of infloreScence, and size of
flowers.
20. Brachyotum sanguinolentum (Naudin) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 49. 1871.
Chaetogastra sanguinolenta Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 131. 1850.
Brachyotum floribundum (Grisebach) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 49. 1871. Nomen.
Brachyotum floribundum (Grisebach) Triana ex Cogniaux; DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 155.
1891.
Pr aie barbiferum Rusby, Phytologia 1: 69. 1934.
Brachyotum pedicellatum Markgraf, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 13: 460. 1937.
Trichomes smooth. Branchlets notably quadrangular, nearly glabrous to moder-
ately short-strigose or the pubescence spreading. Petiole 2-18 mm. Blade 17-76 x
9-25 mm., elliptic with the apex acute to rounded-acute oz obtuse and the base
acute to obtuse, the 3 primaries (occasionally an additional pair of marginals
varyingly developed) and 15-30 pairs of secondaries obscurely to noticeably (but
narrowly) impressed above and finely elevated below, the secondaries usually re-
ticulate; above glabrous or very sparsely strigulose to moderately short-strigose,
the hairs to 7/mm.’ with their basal 4-4 adherent; below nearly glabrous to mod-
erately loose-short-strigose or hirsutulous, the hairs to 15/mm.’, the glands usu-
ally solitary and 6-20/mm.’ -but occasionally in clumps. Flowers constantly 4-
merous, in terminal corymbiform usually ternate few- to many-flowered cymes, the
cymes unbranched to twice-branched below the cymes, the ultimate pedicels soli-
tary to ternately dichasial. Pedicel 0-10 x 0.4-0.5 mm. below the bracteoles, 3-
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 379
9x 1=-1.2 mm. above, often ebracteolate in the more crowded and floriferous
cymes; peduncular bracts and pedicellar bracteoles very early caducous, grading
in size from peduncular bracts 7 x 2 mm. or smaller to pedicellar bracteoles 0.7 x
0.15 mm., glabrous except for sparse short appressed marginal and abaxial-mid-
vein hairs. Hypanthium 3.5-5 x 3-4 mm., 0.1-0.3 mm. thick medianly, nearly gla-
brous to very sparsely strigulose or loosely and sparsely short-strigose. Sepals
2-3.5 x 2.5-4 mm., broadly triangular and tipped with a short acumen, united at
bases 0.8-1.5 mm., the sinuses obtuse. Petals deep purple, 10-15 x 6-11 mm.,
obovate with the apices broadly and asymmetrically obtuse, the cilia 0.1-0.3 mm.
and non-glandular or with early-caducous glandular tips. Filaments 3-5.5 mm.;
anthers 3-5 mm.; connective at anther base (0.6=)0.8=-1.1 mm., free of the anther
0.3-0.4 mm., the ventral lobing 0.1-0.4 mm. Style 15-24 x 0.4=0.5 mm., exserted
4-7 mm. Ovary 4-5 x 2.5-3 mm., sparsely to moderately strigulose on the apical
1-2.5 mm., the apical lobes 0.5=1 mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Weddell 4605 (HOLOTYPE P); Bolivia, Dept.
La Paz, ‘‘prov. de Larecaja et Caupolican (vallées entre Tipoani et Apolobamba)
Mai 1847... 2500 metres’’ (fide holotype).
Type Photographs: Gleason 51-3 (type no. of B. floribundum, in G-DC ?);
F16709 (destroyed isotype of B. floribundum at B); New York s.n. (holotype of B.
barbiferum).
Distribution: southeastern Peru to northeastern Bolivia, alt. 2300-3500 m.
PERU: Cuzco: ‘‘Lucumayo’’ in Prov. Convencion, herb. Marin 1610 (US); near Hual-
lahualla, Vargas 9708 p.p. (UC p.p., F). Puno: ‘‘Tabina’’ near Ayapata, Lechler 1857
(possible holotype of B. floribundum G-BOIS; isotypes BR, K, P, S, W; fragments F); near
Limbani, Metcalf 30537 (G-DEL, NY, UC, US); Prov. Sandia, Weberbauer 626 (G-DEL).
BOLIVIA: La Paz: between Ocara and Ancoma, Tate 861 (NY); near Sorata, Mandon
640 p.p.,(BR p.p., F, G-DEL, G-BOIS, GH p.p., K, NY p.p., P, S, W p.p.); ‘‘Cocopunco’’
in the Cordillera Real, Tate 331 (NY), Tate 362 (holotype of B. barbiferum NY). Without
Province: Bang 2860 (BR, NY, US).
WITHOUT COUNTRY: ‘‘Huaycani,’’ Pearce s.n. (BM, K).
Vernacular-Names: Tili-tili (Vargas 9708).
Several sheets of Lechler 1857 (G-BOIS, K, W) were annotated by Triana, but,
of these, only the Geneva specimen had been annotated by Cogniaux also; the
Gleason type photograph shows still another sheet annotated by both Triana and
Cogniaux. The locality of the Pearce collection (Huaycani, or Huagcani ?, or
Huagcaui ?, or Huaycaui ?) could be any of several localities in northeastern Bo-
livia with slightly different spellings. Other parts of Mandon 640 include B. grise-
bachii and Tibouchina latifolia (Naud.) Britton; a portion of Vargas 9708 is B.
grisebachii.
All the cited collections are certainly conspecific. ‘‘Typical’’ B. sanguino-
lentum has young branchlets nearly glabrous except for the short nodal setae;
petioles 2-5 mm.; blades 18-33 x 9-13 mm., above very sparsely strigulose (the
hairs less than 1/mm.’) to glabrous, below very sparsely strigulose along the pri-
maries but nearly or quite glabrous on the secondaries and surface; and the hy-
panthium glabrous or nearly so, the hairs less than 1/mm.’ This element includes
Weddell 4605, Mandon 640 p.p., Tate 861, and Bang 2860; Markgraf’s description
of B. pedicellatum differs in no respect from these specimens. Aside from Weber-
bauer 626 and Pearce s.n., the remainder of the specimens cited under B. sangui-
nolentum have young branchlets sparsely to moderately strigulose or short-stri-
gose; petioles 3-18 mm.; blades (17~)30-76 x (6-)15-25 mm., above sparsely strig-
ulose to moderately short-strigose (2-7/mm.’), below sparsely to moderately strig-
ulose or loose-short-strigose along the primaries and sparsely strigulose on the
surface (2-14/mm.’); and the hypanthium sparsely strigulose (2-12/mm.’). These
380 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
specimens would correspond to B. floribundum, including B. barbiferum. Pearce
s.n. has the large leaves of this latter group, the vegetative pubescence density
of the ‘‘sanguinolentum’’ element, and hypanthial pubescence density of 2/mm.?
Weberbauer 626 has the branchlet, peduncle, and pedicel pubescence spreading,
the blade apices often rounded, and the lower leaf surface pubescence denser than
in the ‘“‘floribundum’’ element, but otherwise agrees in leaf size and pubescence
density with that element. Such variation in degree of appression of pubescence
has been noted in other species (B. grisebachii, B. rostratum) where intermediate
degrees were fully represented, and does not seem worthy of formal recognition.
Cogniaux’s limited citations of dimensions suggest an inverse quantitative corre-
lation between leaf and flower size, but such a relation does not exist. Success-
ful infraspecific differentiation based on leaf size and pubescence density seems
probable, but has been deferred. .
The closest relative of B. sanguinolentum would appear to be B. grisebachii,
which differs greatly in inflorescence development, calyx lobes, and petal shape.
The only species with a similar degree of inflorescence development is B.
quinquenerve.
21. Brachyotum grisebachii Cogniaux; DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 153. 1891.
Trichomes smooth. Branchlets quadrangular, very sparsely hirsute to strigu-
lose, very soon glabrescent. Petiole 2-4(-7) mm. Blade 8-24 x 5-11 mm., ovate-
lanceolate to lance-elliptic or elliptic to ovate with the apex acute or rounded-
acute and the base obtuse to subtruncate, the 3 primaries impressed above and
elevated below, the 7-12 pairs of secondaries narrowly to obscurely impressed
above and obscurely elevated below, the margins 7. s. usually strongly recurved;
above glabrous (sparsely strigulose when young) or with some marginal hairs per-
sisting or sparsely and permanently strigulose 1(-2)/1-2 mm.’; below sparsely
hirsutulous to sparsely strigulose 1-4/mm.’, the glands in clusters often forming
minute black punctae with age. Flowers constantly 4-merous, mostly crowded-
ternate, sometimes with an additional pair at the node below the dichasial node,
rarely solitary; dichasial peduncle erect, not differentiated from the branchlets,
the internode below the dichasium 5-11 x 1.1-1.7 mm., the dichasium subtended
by slightly reduced and persistent leaves. Pedicel 0.5-2 mm. below bracteoles,
2-6 mm. above; pedicellar bracteoles leaflike to noticeably modified, 2-10 x 1-2.5
mm., oblong to obovate, persistent or caducous before anthesis, above glabrous or
apically very sparsely strigulose, below very sparsely strigulose. Hypanthium 4-
7 x 3.5-5 mm., 0.3 mm. thick medianly, moderately strigulose with the thin hairs
(4=)8-12/mm.” Sepals (4.5=)6-10(-11.5) x’(3.5-)4-4.5 mm., lanceolate with nar-
rowly acute apices, united at bases 0.7-1.3 mm., the sinuses acute. Petals deep
purple, 13-20 x 9-15 mm., obovate to elliptic and asymmetrical with the apices
acute to narrowly obtuse, occasionally outside very sparsely strigulose basally,
the marginal cilia 0.2-0.5 mm. (the terminal few to 1 mm.) and eglandular (very
rarely with rather persistent glandular tips). Filaments 5-6.5 mm.; anthers 4-8
mm.; connective at anther base 1-1.5 mm., free of the anther 0.6-0.7 mm., the
blunt ventral lobes (0.1-)0.4-0.7 mm. Style 17-26 x 0.4-0.5 mm., exserted 5-8 mm.
Ovary 4.5-6 x 2.5-4 mm., moderately strigulose on the apical 1.5-3 mm., the ap-
ical lobes 0.6-0.7(-1.4) mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Lechler 1856 (LECTOTYPE collection BR,
G-BOIS, K, P, S, W; fragment-F); Peru, Dept. Puno, ‘‘prope Agapata.”’
Type Photographs: Gleason 51-2 (isolectotype, presumably in G-DC); F16711
(destroyed isolectotype at B).
Distribution: southeastern Peru to northwestern Bolivia, alt. 3000-3700 m.
ee
=
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 381
PERU: Cuzco: Pinasniocc, Cook & Gilbert 1861 (US); near Huallahualla, Vargas 9708
p.p. (G-DEL, UC p.p.); without definite locality, Gay s.n. (syntype P), Weddell 4772 (syn-
type P). Apurimac: between Huancarama and Cochacaya, West 3766 (GH, UC). Puno:
**Prov. de Carabaya,’’ Raimondi 8939 (USM); near Limbani, Metcalf 30492 (G-DEL, NY,
UC, US)..
ghee La Paz: Igenio, R. S. Williams 838 (NY); between Tararani and Yani, Kru-
koff 11467 (NY); near Sorata, Mandon 640 p.p.(BR p.p., GH p.p., W p.p.); between Unduavi
and Corvice, Buchtien 4001 (GH, NY, US). Cochabamba: Yungas, Pearce s.n. (K). With-
out province: Mandon 639 (NY).
Vernacular Names: Masuca (Cook & Gilbert 1861); Macha (West 3766); Aganto
(Raimondi 8939).
Lechler 1856 was designated by Macbride (1941, p. 268) as the type collec-
tion; of the several sheets of this collection annotated by Cogniaux (BR, G-BOIS,
G-DC, P), the Boissier Herbarium specimen is perhaps the best and might be con-
sidered as the lectotype.
Vegetatively, the extremely glabrous forms of B. grisebachii are indistinguish-
able from the glabrous forms of B. sanguinolentum and also, to some extent, B.
cernuum, Cook & Gilbert 1861 has the foliage and persistent petal cilia glands of
B. naudinii, but the inflorescence, sepals, and petal shape of the remainder of the
specimens cited here. B. grisebachii is very closely related to B. naudinii, B.
huancavelicae, and B. nutans; from the latter species, it may be differentiated by
the longer sepals, larger leaves, somewhat differently shaped petals, and much
more densely pubescent hypanthia.
22. Brachyotum huancavelicae Wurdack, sp. nov.
Trichomata gracilia laevia vel sparse muriculata. Ramuli novelli quadrangulati
cum petiolis pedicellisque sparse strigulosi. Petiolus 4-7 mm. Lamina 15-30 x 6=
10 mm. lanceolata apice acuta basi obtusa vel subtruncata, nervis primariis 3 su-
pra impressis subtus expressis, secundariis supra invisis subtus leviter anguste-
que expressis et laxe reticulatis; supra sparse vel modice brevi-strigasa aut
strigulosa, pilis 2-11/mm.’ basi 4-4 adhaerentibus; subtus sparse vel modice
laxo-strigulosa 3-11/mm.’, glandibus solitariis sparsis 5-20/mm.’ Flores fere
semper 4-meri, in axillis oppositis confertis foliorum superiorum solitarii. Pedi-
cellus 0.5-3 mm. sub bracteolis, 5-8 super; bracteolae 4-6 x 0.5-2 mm. spathu-
latae trinervatae persistentes vel caducae. Hypanthium 4.8-5.5 x 3.5=-5 mm., medio
0.2-0.3 mm. crassum, cum sepalis sparse brevi-strigosum vel strigulosum, pilis
tenuibus 5-10/mm.’ Sepala 5.5-10 x 4-5 mm. lanceolata apice anguste acuta basi
per 0.8-1 mm. cohaerentia et leviter ampliata, sinu lato. Petala 15-23 x 12-16
mm. obovata et leviter asymmetrica apice obtusa, ciliis 0.1-0.4 mm. (paucis ter-
minalibus ad 0.7-0.8 mm.) non-glandulosis aut glandulis valde caducis. Filamenta
3.5-7.5 mm.; antherae 3.5-7 mm.; connectivum basi antherae (0.8-)1.5-2 mm., ab
anthera per (0.4-)0.7-0.9 mm. liberum, lobis ventralibus 0.1-0.7 mm. Stylus 25=-
33 x 0.4-0.5 mm., per 7-9 mm. exsertus. Ovarium 4.5-5.5 x 3 mm. apice per 2=2.5
mm. modice brevi-strigosum, lobis apicalibus super loculos 0.6-1.3 mm.
Type Collection and Locality: Stork & Horton 10295 (HOLOTYPE F; isotypes
G-DEL, UC); Peru, Dept. Huancavelica, Prov. Tayacaja, quebrada south of Salca-
bamba in shrubwood, sandy loam, 8 Jan. 1939. ‘‘Shrub 1-1.5 m.: corolla very dark
violet: fr. immature.’’
Distribution: southern Dept. Junin to northern Dept. Huancavelica, Peru, alt.
3000-3300 m. ,
Junin: Hda. Runatullu near Comas, Ochoa 725 (NY). Huancavelica: between Colca-
bamba and Paucarbamba, Raimondi 10202 (USM).
It is with misgivings that another epithet is added to the complex of poorly
defined species around B. naudinii and B. grisebachii. The flowers of B. huan-
382 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. [Vol. 8, No. 4
Y
cavelicae are often so crowded on the densely leafy branchlets that their solitary
disposition is difficult to observe; yet in all specimens, terminal vegetative
growth of the floriferous branches can be seen. The leaves on herbarium material
show the same deeply impressed veins on the upper surfaces as found in B. grise-
bachii and B. tyrianthinum. From B.tyrianthinum, B. huancavelicae may be distin-
guished by the smooth or only very minutely and sparsely roughened hairs, the
very narrowly acute calyx lobes which are somewhat expanded basally and gla-
brous within, and the non-glandular petal cilia. From B. naudinii, it differs in the
generally larger leaves and sepal shape, as well as the non-glandular petals. B
grisebachii may be separated by the ternate flowers and generally less dense pu-
bescence, as well as the more acute petals. Vargas 319 (F), from Paucartambo in
Dept. Cuzco, has the pubescence density of B. huancavelicae, but ternate flowers
with the petals basally pubescent outside; Macbride (1941, p. 274) referred this
specimen to B. strigosum, a quite different Colombian species; this imperfect
collection is here doubtfully referred to B. grisebachit.
23. Brachyotum nutans Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 54: 25. 1927.
Trichomes smooth. Branchlets quadrangular, very sparsely strigulose and soon
glabrescent. Petiole 0.5-3.5 mm. Blade 5-12 x 3=-6.5 mm., ovate to elliptic-ovate
with the apex rounded and the base obtuse to subtruncate, the 3 primaries nar-
rowly expressed above and elevated below, the secondaries obsolete; above gla-
brous; below very sparsely strigulose on the primaries, glabrous on the surface
except for a few tufts of glands which turn black with age. Flowers constantly 4-
merous, solitary on short lateral branchlets in opposite upper leaf axils, the
branchlets with 1-2 pairs of leaves. Pedicel 2-5 mm. above the last slightly-
reduced leaves (bracteoles ?). Hypanthium 3.5-4.5 x 3.5-4 mm., 0.2-0.3 mm. thick
medianty, very sparsely strigulose (1/1-3 mm.’) or glabrous except for a few api-
cal hairs. Sepals 3.5-5.5 x 2.5-4.5 mm., triangular with acute apices, outside
glabrous except for a very few appressed hairs basally, united at bases 0.5=1 mm.,
the sinuses acute. Petals deep purple, 15-18 x 11-14 mm., asymmetrically obo-
vate with the apices bluntly obtuse, the gland-tipped cilia 0.1-0.2 mm. Filaments
3.5-5.5 mm.; anthers 4-5 mm.; connective at anther base 0.7-1.3 mm., free of the
anther 0.4-0.7 mm., the ventral lobing 0.1-0.4 mm. Style 17-27 x 0.3-0.5 mm.,
exserted 6-1] mm. Ovary 4.5-5 x 2-3.5 mm., moderately to densely strigulose on
the apical 1=2.5 mm., the apical lobes 0.3-0.6 mm.
Type Collection and Locality: Pennell 13847 (HOLOTYPE NY; isotypes F,
GH, PH, S, US); Peru, Dept. Cuzco, Paso de Tres Cruces.
Type Photograph: New York s.n. (holotype).
Distribution: Dept. Cuzco, Peru, alt. 2800-4000 m.
Pinasniocc, Cook & Gilbert 1244 (US); Ollantaitambo, Herrera 3342a (US); ‘‘Acanacu”’
near Paucartambo, Balls B6714 (NY), Vargas 320 (F), West 7034 (GH); Paucartambo,
Soukup 379 (F); Marcapata, Stafford 990 (K).
B, nutans may be little more than a depauperate variation of B. naudinii, but
the nearly glabrous leaves and hypanthia hold the cited specimens in a compact
unit. The acute sepals are more like those of B. grisebachii which, however, has
larger leaves, ternate flowers, much more densely pubescent hypanthia, and pet-
als of a slightly different shape.
24. Brachyotum raudinii Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 48. 1871.
Trichomes smooth to very minutely and sparsely roughened. Branchlets idl
rangular, moderately to sparsely short-strigulose. Petiole 2-5 mm. Blade 5-17 x
4=-7(-10) mm., ovate to elliptic with the apex rounded to blunt-acute and the base
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 383
obtuse to subtruncate, the 3 primaries narrowly impressed above and elevated be-
low, the secondaries obscure or obsolete above and below; above sparsely strigu-
lose, the hairs 1-4/mm.’ with their basal %4-% adherent; below sparsely strigu-
lose on the primaries, very sparsely on the surface 2-G6(-10)/mm.’, the glands to
25/mm.’ and solitary or in small clusters at hair bases. Flowers usually solitary
on short lateral branchlets, usually exclusively 4-merous, occasionally predom-
inantly 5-merous. Pedicel 2-5 mm. above the last somewhat reduced persistent
leaves (bracteoles ?). Hypanthium 4-7 x 3.5-6 mm., 0.3-0.5 mm. thick medianly,
sparsely to moderately strigulose, the fine hairs (6-)8-16/mm.” Sepals (4-)5-7
(-9) x (3-)4-5 mm., oblong-ovate (rarely deltoid-ovate) with the apices rounded to
broadly acute, united at bases 0.7-1.1 mm., the sinuses rounded-acute. Petals
deep purple, 13-23 x 10-17 mm., asymmetrically or nearly symmetrically obovate
with the apices broadiy obtuse to rounded or truncate, the gland-tipped cilia 0.1-
0.4(-0.6) mm. Filaments 3.5-7.5 mm., as long as the anthers; connective at anther
base (0.6-)1-1.6 mm., free of the anther for % the length or slightly less, the
blunt ventral lobes 0.2-0.4(-0.8) mm. Style 17-25 x 0.4-0.6 mm., exserted 4-7
mm. Ovary 4.5-7 x 3-4 mm., sparsely to moderately strigulose on the apical
(0.6-)1.5-3 mm., the apical lobes 0.3-1 mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Dombey s.n. (HOLOTYPE presumably at P;
isotypes BM, BR, F, G-DEL, L, P); ‘‘Peruvia,’’ Dept. Huanuco (or more probably
Junin), Palca, fide Macbride (1941, p. 271).
Type Photograph: F36134 (presumed holotype at P).
Distribution: central (to northern ?) to southeastern Peru, alt. 2700-4000 m.
Ancash: Banos de Chancos near Huaras, Sandeman 4610 (K). Junin: east of Huancayo,
Stork & Horton 10218 (F, UC). Cuzco: Ollantaitambo, Cook & Gilbert 720 (US); Yucay,
Soukup 736 (F, GH); Hda. Araypallpa near Paruro, Vargas 389 (GH); ‘‘Valle de Apuri-
mac,’’ Herrera s.n. (F). Ayacucho: Quinua, Weberbauer 5540 (F); ‘‘Totorobamba”’ in Prov.
Huamanga, Weberbauer 5484 (F, GH); ‘‘Pallcea’’ between ‘‘Pajanal’’ and Ayacucho, Balls
B6928 (GH, NY, UC, US); south of ‘‘Puchuhuillca’”’ near ‘‘Mataral,’’ West 3662 (GH, UC).
Apurimac: north of Chincheros, Stork & Horton 10763 (F, UC); km. 58 between Abancay
and Ayacucho, Ferreyra 2795 (NY); ‘‘Quisvala’”’ northeast of Abancay, Balls B6894 (GH,
NY, UC, US). Without Department: ‘‘Chile,’’ Gay s.n. (F); ‘‘Lima,’’ Gay s.n. (P); ‘‘Pace-
chac,’’ Hill 153 (K).
Vernacular Names: Masuca (Cook & Gilbert 720); Ccehuincha (West 3662);
Jehuincha (Stork & Horton 10763).
One Paris isotype is labeled only ‘‘herb. Richard’’; this specimen was used
by Cogniaux in drawing up his erroneous description of B. microphyllum; the iso-
type in Cogniaux’s herbarium (BR) is a branch from this Paris sheet; while no
collector was indicated on the Paris specimen, it is undoubtedly part of the Dom-
bey type collection.
In the type collection, 17 of the 28 examinable flowers were 5-merous; in
Sandeman 4610, 9 of 9; and in Stork & Horton 10218, 8 of 10. The remainder of
the flowers in these collections and all of the 82 examinable flowers in all other
cited specimens were 4-merous. The degree of pubescence roughening varied in-
dependently of the mery, the first two collections with predominantly 5-merous
flowers being perceptibly roughened, and the third-mentioned smooth. The con-
stantly 4-merous collections have pubescence scabridity between these extremes. -
B. naudinii may be distinguished from B. grisebachii by the shape of the se-
pals and petals, the glandular petal cilia, and the solitary flowers. From B. tyri-
anthinum, it differs in the smaller leaves and shorter, sparser, less roughened
trichomes, as well as the adaxially glabrous sepals. However, there are a series
of constantly 4-merous specimens from northern Peru having pubescence develop-
Sa
384 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
ment very suggestive of B. tyrianthinum, but the trichomes are smooth; the pubes-
cence on the upper leaf surface ranges from 3-9/mm.’ and the sepals are rather
variable in shape, ovate to ovate-oblong with variably acute apices, but glabrous
within. They include Stork & Horton 9962 (F, G-DEL, UC) from La Libertad, Fer-
reyra 3291 (USM) and Raimondi 3152 (USM) from Cajamarca, and Mathews 1259
(K) and Pennell 15530 (PH) from Amazonas. These specimens have been doubt-
fully referred to B. naudinit. Sandeman 4291 (K) from Piura is even more anoma-
lous, possibly being a depauperate form of the preceding group; the calyx lobes
are very narrowly oblong-lanceolate and leaves narrowly elliptic.
25. Brachyotum tyrianthinum Macbride, Field Mus. Pub. Bot. 4: 174. 1929.
Trichomes moderately but minutely scabrid. Branchlets obscurely quadrangu-
lar, moderately to densely long-strigulose to strigose, tardily glabrescent. Peti-
ole (1-)3-6 mm. Blade 10-30 x 6-14 mm., narrowly ovate to elliptic with the apex
acute or blunt-acute and the base broadly acute to subtruncate, the 3 primaries
narrowly impressed above and elevated below, the 8-12 pairs of secondaries
mostly invisible above and lightly elevated below; above moderately short-stri-
gose, the hairs (3-)5-7(-10)/mm.’ with their basal 4-4 adherent and not abruptly
expanded; below densely long-strigulose on the primaries, moderately to sparsely
hirsutulous or loose-strigulose on the surface (3-)7-11/mm.’, the glands mostly
solitary 12-30/mm.? Flowers 4-S-merous, the 4-merous ones usually predomi-
nant, solitary on short lateral leafy branchlets in opposite upper leaf axils. Pedi-
cel 2-5 mm. above the last somewhat reduced (3-10 x 1=4 mm.) persistent leaves
(bracteoles ?). Hypanthium 4.5-6 x 4-5 mm., 0.3-0.5 mm. thick medianly, sparsely
to moderately strigose, the fine hairs 8-11/mm.’ and to 1.5=3.5 x 0.2-0.3 mm.
Sepals 6.5=-9 x 3-4.5 mm., oblong-ovate to lanceolate with the apices acute, in-
side sparsely strigulose on the apical 4-4. Petals deep purple, 12-17 x 9-14
mm., obovate and sometimes slightly asymmetrical with the apices very broadly
obtuse,the gland-tipped cilia 0.1-0.2 mm. (the terminal few to 0.4=-0.8 mm.). Fila-
ments 4<5 mm.; anthers 4.5-6.5 mm.; connective at anther base 1-1.7 mm., free
of the anther 0.3-0.7 mm., the ventral lobing 0.1-0.2 mm.-Style 18-21 x 0.4=0.7
mm., exserted 5-6 mm. Ovary 6.5-7 x 3.4-4 mm., sparsely to moderately long-
strigulose on the apical 2=3.5 mm., the apical lobes 0.7=1 mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Macbride & Featherstone 1438 (HOLOTYPE F;
isotypes G-DEL, S, US); Peru, Dept. Huanuco, Mito, alt. 2750 m.
Type Photograph: F63425 (holotype).
Distribution: central to northern Peru, alt. 2750-4000 m.
Cajamarca: between Cajamarca and Celendin, Scolnik 1323 (NY). Huanuco: Chaglla,
Sandeman 5109 (K); Mito, Macbride & Featherstone 2092 (F, NY); probably near Cerro de
Pascg, Sawada P89 (F). Without Locality: ‘‘Columbia,’’ Lobb s.n. (K).
Vernacular Names: Cachis (Macbride & Featherstone 1438).
All of the 17examinable flowers in the type collection were 4-merous, as were |
all 15 in Scolnitk 1323; 1 of 10 flowers in Sandeman 5109, 2 of 6 in Lobb s.n., 9
of 15 in Macbride & Featherstone 2092,and 5 of 5 in Sawada P89 were 5-merous.
Aside from mery, the species is quite uniform morphologically, although an oc-
casional flower has the sepals glabrous within.
Aside from its immediate relatives, B. tyrianthinum may be related to B. ros-
marinifolium, the roughened pubescence being a possible indication of such a
linkage. It is also somewhat reminiscent of B. strigosum, which however has
smooth hairs, differently shaped sepals, much stouter hypanthial pubescence,
larger and more deeply divided connective prolongation, and smaller apical ovary
lobes.
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 385
26. Brachyotum cernuum (Bonpl.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 48. 1871.
Rhexia cernua Bonpl. Rhexies 32. 1806-1808.
Osbekia cernua (Bonpl.) Sprengel, Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 2: 312. 1825.
Chaetogastra cernua (Bonpl.) DC. Prodr. 3: 135. 1828.
Trichomes smooth, slender. Branchlets notably quadrangular, very sparsely
strigulose, soon glabrescent except on the angles, the nodes conspicuously an-
nular-setose, these hairs to 5 mm. long. Petiole 3-6 mm. Blade 18-30 x 8-15 mm.,
ovate with the apex bluntly acute and the base broadly obtuse to truncate, the 3
primaries impressed above and strongly elevated below, with an additional faintly
developed pair of marginals, the secondaries forming a prominent reticulum which
is obscurely impressed above and narrowly elevated below; above glabrous; be-
low sparsely short-strigose on the primaries, with only a few scattered hairs and
a few scattered inconspicuous clumps of glands on the surface. Flowers con-
stantly 5-merous, ternate or with an additional pair at the node below the di-
chasial node, the dichasium compact and its peduncle not differentiated nor pen-
dent, the persistent leaves subtending the dichasium only slightly reduced. Pedi-
cel 1-7 mm. below the bracts, 2-4 mm. above; pedicellar bracts persistent, 6-
8 x 1-2 mm., or those subtending the center flower of the dichasium leaflike. Hy-
panthium 4-5 x 4 mm., 0.2 mm. thick medianly, glabrous to very sparsely strigu-
lose, the hairs fewer than 2/mm.’ Sepals 9-13 x 2.5-4 mm., lanceolate with nar-
rowly acute apices, glabrous except for the marginal appressed cilia and a few
appressed hairs abaxially along the midveins, united at bases about 1 mm., the
sinuses acute. Petals deep purple, 13-18 x 10-15 mm., rhomboidal-obovate and
symmetrical with the apices narrowly obtuse, the non-glandular cilia 0.2-0.8 mm.
Filaments 4.5-G mm.; anthers 4-5 mm.; connective at anther base 1.3=-1.7 mm,
free of the anther 0.7-0.9 mm., the ventral lobing 0.7-1 mm. Style 19-26 x 0.7=-0.8
mm., exserted 7-10 mm. Ovary 4-4.5 x 3.5-4 mm., moderately long-strigulose on
the apical 1-2 mm., the apical lobes 0.2-0.3 mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Bonpland sn. (HOLOTYPE presumably in
Herb. Humboldt & Bonpland at P; isotypes F, P); Colombia, Dept. Cauca, ‘‘(Monte
de Purase), juxta urbem Popayan...plus de 2000 metres.”’
Type Photographs and Illustrations: F36137 (presumed holotype); Rhexies p/.
13 (1806-1808) (as Rhexia cernua). Triana’s illustration (Trans. Linn. Soc. 28:
pl. 3, f. 33b. 1871) is probably not this species, since the flower shown there is
4-merous and with a quite pubescent hypanthium.
Distribution: southern Colombia, alt. 2000-3200 m.
Cauca: between Chapa and Rio Blanco, Core 907 (NA, NY). Narino: Tuquerres and
Almaguer, Triana s.n. (BR, K, NY, P, US, W); Volcan de El Galeras, Ewan 16332 (NY).
Without Department: Hartweg 1003 p.p. (P, S, W).
Hartweg 1003, from the various labels seen, was collected in various locali-
ties, Pichincha, Pasto, and Popayan being cited on the diverse specimens; the
specimens cited for B. cernuum are probably from one of the latter two locations.
All of the 42 examinable flowers in the various collections were 5-merous.
This species is strikingly like the Bolivian specimens of B. grisebachii, being
distinguishable only by the much sparser hypanthial pubescence, 5-merous flow-
ers, more symmetrical petals, much less dense abaxial le af surface pubescence,
and shorter apical ovary lobes. However, the closest relative of B. cernuum seems
to be B. lindenii, which differs in the drooping dichasial peduncles, early-cadu-
cous pedicellar bracteoles, rounded to broadly obtuse petals, inconspicuously
developed nodal setae, usually smaller leaves, and denser hypanthial pubescence.
Ewan noted on his collection of B. cernuum that it appeared to be a lower-
altitude relative of his collection of B. lindenii (Ewan 16330). The logical mor-
386 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
phologic intermediate between these two relatives should be through such gla-
brous large-leaved specimens of B. lindenii as Hartweg 1003 p.p.; however no
such intermediates have been seen. Cuatrecasas 20039, from Paramo de Bavaya
in Dept. Valle in Colombia (F, NY), is, however, intermediate between the two
species to some extent, having the leaf and hypanthial pubescence as well as the
inflorescences and inconspicuous nodal setae of ‘“‘typical’’ B. lindenii and the
larger sepals (10-10.5 x 3.5-4 mm.) and more pointed petals of B. cernuum; it is
perhaps best regarded as an exceptionally robust specimen of B. lindenii.
27. Brachyotum lindenii Cogniaux; DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 159. 1891.
Brachyotum riveti Danguy & Chermezon, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. | Paris] 28: 433. 1922.
Brachyotum strigosum var. tolimensis Cuatrecasas, Trab. Mus. Nac. Ci. Nat. Madrid
33: 89. 1936.
Trichomes smooth, slender. Branchlets quadrangular, sparsely to moderately
strigulose, soon glabrescent. Petiole 1-5 mm. Blade 9-22 x 4-9 mm., narrowly
ovate with the apex acute to blunt-acute and the base obtuse to subtruncate, the
3 primaries narrowly impressed above and elevated below, the 6-12 pairs of sec-
ondaries obscurely impressed or invisible above and very lightly elevated below;
above glabrous to sparsely strigulose, the hairs to 5-6/mm.’ and with the basal
%,~'/, adherent; below sparsely strigulose on the primaries, the surface glabrous to
sparsely loose-strigulose, the hairs to 8/mm.’, a cluster of glands at the base of
each hair turning black with age. Flowers predominantly 5-merous, sometimes ter
nate but mostly with an additional pair at the node below the dichasial node, oc-
casionally the dichasia ternate. Peduncle, at anthesis of the terminal dichasium,
with the internode below the dichasium 6-15 x 0.5-1 mm. and strongly pendant;
bracts at base of dichasium 3.5-7 x 1-3 mm., spatulate to leaf-like, in the 5-flow-
ered inflorescences early caducous. Pedicel 3-10 mm. below bracteoles, 1-3 mm.
above; pedicellar bracteoles 1-G x 0.3-1 mm., linear to narrowly spatulate, very
early caducous, above glabrous, below very sparsely strigulose. Hypanthium 4=
6 x 3-5 mm., 0.3-0.5 mm. thick medianly, sparsely to moderately strigulose, the
hairs (2~)5-10(-20)/mm.” Sepals 4-8.5 x 2.5-4.5 mm., lanceolate with acute api-
ces, united at bases 0.6-1.1 mm., the sinuses acute. Petals deep purple,. 10-16 x
8-13 mm., obovate and slightly asymmetrical with the apices broadly obtuse to
rounded, the non-glandular cilia 0.1-0.5 mm. (the terminal few 0.4-1 mm.). Fila-
ments 4-6 mm.; anthers 4-6 mm.; connective at anther base (0.7-)1-1.7 mm., free
of the anther 0.5-0.8 mm., the ventral lobing 0.3-0.7 mm. Style 15-22 x 0.5-0.7
mm., exserted 3-8 mm. Ovary 4.5-5.5 x 2.5-4 mm., sparsely to moderately strigu-
lose on the apical 1.5-2.5 mm. with the hairs usually conic, the apical lobes 0.3-
0.7 mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Linden 925 (LECTOTYPE G-DEL; isolecto-
types BR, K, P, W; fragments F); Colombia, Dept. Tolima, ‘“‘prov. Marigquita ad
Tolima,’’ ‘‘hauteur 2000 toises.”’
Type Photographs: F16712 (destroyed syntype at B, collected by Stibel);
F36922 (syntype of B. riveti at P, Rivet 342).
Distribution: north central Colombia to northern Ecuador, elev. 3000-4200 m.
COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Paramo Morro Frontino north of Urrao, Core 377 (NA, NY).
Caldas: Manizales, Sandeman 5709 (K); Paramo del Quindio, Pennell & Hazen 9990 (GH,
NY, PH, US), Triana s.n. (isosyntypes of B. riveti K, P, US, W). Cundinamarca: Bogota,
Triana s.n. (K, NY, P, W). Tolima: Nevada del Tolima, Cuatrecasas 2834 (isosyntype of
B. strigosum var. tolimensis K). Cauca: Volcan del Purace, Cuatrecasas 14700 (F, NY),
Pennell & Killip 6567 (GH, NY, PH, US), von Sneidern 1833 (S), von Sneidem 1834 (S).
Narino: between Buesaco and Pasto, Andre 817 (K); Volcan El Galeras, Ewan 16330 (NY),
Schultes & Villarreal 7952 (NY); Pasto, Hartweg 1003 p.p. (BR, G-BOIS, G-DEL, K),
Andre 1075 (K); Yacuanquer, de Garganta 476 (F); Paramo del Angel, Sandeman 110 (K).
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 387
ECUADOR: Carchi: Paramo del Angel, Acosta 10546 (F), Asplund 10393 (S); ‘‘La
Rinconada’’ between Ibarra and Tulcan, Hitchcock 20792 (GH, NY, US); Nudo de Boliche,
Penland & Summers 866 (F, NY); San Gabriel, Holmgren 7492 (S); between ‘‘Moran and
Olivos,’’ Mexia 7492 (F, NY, UC, US). Imbabura: between Ibarra and Mariano Acosta,
Drew E-289 (NA, NY). Pichincha: Mojanda, Sodiro 467 (BR); between Pedregal and ‘‘Hda.
Yanurcu,’’ Acosta 8299 (F).
In the packet of Sodiro 467 (BR) is B. alpinum, doubtfully from the same col-
lection; this sprig may be part of Sodiro 466.
As has been noted in other species, the density of foliar pubescence is usu-
ally of no specific reliability, and in the case of B. lindenii and B. riveti, also of
no varietal significance. All intergradations between B. lindenii, with leaves
sparsely strigulose above and sparsely loose-strigulose below on the surface
(Triana s.n. Bogota, Linden 925, André 817, Core 377, André 1075, Ewan 16330),
and B, riveti, with leaves glabrous above and very sparsely strigulose only on
the primaries below (Sandeman 111, Mexia 7492, Hitchcock 20792, Acosta 10546,
Penland & Summers 866, de Gargantua 476, Schultes & Villarreal 7952, Sodiro
467, Drew E-289, Asplund 10393, Holmgren 878), can be found, even within some
of the collections cited above. Of the 156 observable flowers among all the col-
lections, only 15 were 4-merous (2 of 24 in Pennell & Hazen 9990,7 of 23 in Pen-
nell & Killip 6567, 1 of 6 in Schultes & Villarreal 7952, 1 of 9 in Sandeman 110,
1 of 3 in Acosta 10546, 2 of 8 in Hitchcock 20792, and 1 of 11 in Penland &
Summers 866).
28. Brachyotum alpinum Cogniaux; DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 167. 1891.
Trichomes smooth, slender. Branchlets quadrangular, sparsely strigulose,
soon glabrescent. Petiole 1-4 mm. Blade (6-)10-17x 4-9 mm., the shape and ven-
-ation as in B, lindenii; above glabrous to very sparsely strigulose, the hairs to
1-2/mm.” and with their basal 4 adherent; below sparsely strigulose on the pri-
maries, the surface glabrous to sparsely loose-strigulose, the hairs to 7/mm.’,
the glands as in B. lindenii. Flowers constantly 4-merous, the inflorescences as
in B. lindenii. Hypanthium 4-7 x 4-5 mm., 0.3-0.4 mm. thick medianly, sparsely
strigulose, the hairs 4-8/mm.’ Sepals 3.5-8 x 3-4 mm., lanceolate to oblong-
lanceolate with acute apices, united at bases 0.5-1.2 mm., the sinuses acute to
rounded-acute. Petals deep purple, 10-14 x 8-11 mm., asymmetrically obovate
with the apices rounded to broadly obtuse, the eglandular cilia 0.1-0.6 mm. Fila-
ments 4-4.5 mm.; anthers 4.5-6.5 mm.; connective at anther base 1-1.5 mm., free
of the anther 0.4-0.8 mm., the ventral lobing 0.3-0.6 mm. Style 17-22 x 0.4=-0.6
mm., exserted 3-6 mm. Ovary 4-5.5 x 2.5-3.5 mm., moderately strigulose on the
apical 1.5-2.5 mm., the apical lobes 0.3=-1 mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Jameson s.n. (or 193 ?) (SYNTYPES presuma-
bly in G-DC and LE; isosyntypes BR, F, G-BOIS, G-DEL, K, US, W) and Fraser
s.n. (SYNTYPE presumably in G-DC); Ecuador, Prov. Chimborazo, ‘‘mont. Chim-
borazo altit. 4000 m.,’’ and ‘‘Ecuador,’’ respectively.
Type Photographs: Gleason 51-5 (Jameson and Fraser syntypes presumably in
G-DC); F25862 (Fraser syntype presumably in G-DC).
Distribution: north central Ecuador, alt. 3200-4000 m.
Pichincha: ‘‘Quitensian Andes,’’ Couthouy s.n. (GH, NY). Bolivar: ‘‘Gualicon Loma,”’
Acosta 6278 (F). Tungurahua: ‘‘Paramo of Minza,’’ Penland & Summers 325 (F, NY).
Chimborazo: Chimborazo, Sodiro 466 (BR); ‘‘Chimborazo and Cayambe,’’ Hall 3 (K); Cerro
Altar, Heinrichs 877 (G-DEL, NY); near Riobamba, Rimbach 137 (NY, US); between Huam-
boya and Pungala, Scolnik 1542 (NY); ‘*Sinche’’ (Sinchan ?), Tate 461 (US); trail to ‘*El
Placer,’’ Acosta 7231 (F). Without Province: ‘tEastem Cordillera,’? Rimbach 21 (F, GH);
““Guyaquil,’’ herb. Ruiz & Pavon s.n. (F).
388 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
No lectotype was selected since material was not seen of either of the syn-
types which had been annotated by Cogniaux (except the specimen in the Cop-
niaux herbarium). Some of the Jameson sheets are unnumbered and some are num-
bered 193; also, without correlation, some have complete data on the place of
collection (Chimborazo) and some are merely labeled ‘‘Quito”’; these specimens
are apparently all parts of one collection and have been so cited.
B. alpinum is very closely related to B. lindenii, and can be differentiated
from that species only by the 4- rather than 5-merous flowers; all except 1 of the
73 examinable flowers among the various collections ascribed here to B. alpinum
were 4-merous. A part of the collections (Rimbach 21 p.p., Rimbach 137 p.p.,
Penland & Summers 325, Acosta 7231, Scolnik 1542) have leaves above and be-
low glabrous except along the primaries on the lower surfaces, thus duplicating
the more glabrous specimens of B. lindenii. The future disposition of B. alpinum
will probably be as a subspecies of B. lindenii. B. alpinum may be differentiated
from B. grisebachii by a combination of rather insignificant characters which,
however, give the Ecuadorian species quite a different aspect; drooping (rather
than erect) more slender terminal peduncular internodes, predominantly 5-flowered
inflorescences, pedicels longer below than above the pedicellar bracteoles, and
much less acute petals. The smaller leaves, denser hypanthial pubescence, less-
developed inflorescences, and quite different sepals separate B. alpinum from the
small-leaved and glabrous element of B. sanguinolentum.
29. Brachyotum strigosum (L. f.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 49. 1871.
Melastoma strigosa Linn. f. Suppl. Plant. 236. 1781.
Rhexia stricta Bonpl. Rhexies 19. 1806-1808.
Chaetogastra stricta (Bonpl.) DC. Prodr. 3: 134. 1828.
Alifana striata [misspelling of stricta] (Bonpl.) Raf. Syl. Tell. 101. 1838.
Chaetogastra goudotii Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 131. 1850.
?Brachyotum strictum Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 166. 1871. Nomen.
Trichomes smooth. Branchlets rounded-guadrangular, densely and persistently
strigose. Petiole 1-4 mm. Blade (7=-)11-16(-20) x (2.5-)4-8(-10) mm., lanceolate
to ovate with the apex acute to narrowly obtuse and the base obtuse, the 3 pri-
maries (occasionally an additional pair of indistinct marginals) deeply and finely
impressed above and elevated below, the secondaries obscure or invisible above
and obscurely elevated below; above moderately strigulose to short-strigose, the
fine hairs (2-)3-5(-8)/mm.’” with their basal ‘4-4 adherent and not expanded; be-
low moderately to densely short-strigose on the primaries, sparsely strigulose on
the surface (3-)5-7(-9)/mm.’, with clusters of glands subtending the surface hairs
and also sparsely on the surface. Flowers predominantly 5-merous, mostly soli-
tary on short branchlets in opposite upper leaf axils, in very floriferous branches
somefimes ternate with no differentiated peduncle. Pedicel 2-5 mm. long above
the last persistent slightly-reduced leaves (bracteoles ?). Hypanthium 4,5-6 x 4-
5.5 mm., 0.3-0.4 mm. thick medianly, densely strigose, the stout hairs 4-8/mm.”
and to 2-5 x 0.2-0.5 mm. Sepals (4.5-)6-10 x (3-)4.5-7.5 mm., broadly ovate with
acute apices, barely (0.4-0.7 mm.) united at bases, generally imbricate medianly
0.5-1.5 mm. Petals deep purple, 13-17 x 10-15 mm., symmetrically or slightly
asymmetrically obovate with the apex rounded to rounded-truncate, the gland-
tipped cilia 0.1-0.5 mm. (the several subterminal 0.4-1 mm., the terminal one
0.8-1.7 mm.). Filaments 4-6 mm.; anthers 3-5 mm.; connective at anther base
(0.8-)1.2-2.2 mm., free of the anther (0.6-)0.8-1.5 mm., the ventral lobes (0.4-)
0.8-1.5 mm. long, each lobe often as much as 0.7 mm. wide and often irregularly
lobulate at its free end. Style (16-)20-25 x 0.5-0.7 mm., exserted 4-8 mm. Ovary
4.5-7 x 3~4.5 mm., moderately strigulose to strigose on the apical (1-)2-3 mm.,
the apical lobes 0.3-0.7(-0.9). mm. above the locules.
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 389
Type Collection and Locality: Mutis s.n. (HOLOTYPE presumably at LINN);
‘Nova Granada,’’ probably in the vicinity of Bogota, Dept. Cundinamarca,
Colombia.
Type Photographs and Illustrations: Savage Catalogue 559.6 and 559.7 (photo-
graphs at A, of 2 sheets of type collection in LINN); Rhexies p/. 8 (1806-1808)
(as Rhexia stricta); Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: pl. 3, f. 33a (as Brachyotum strictum).
The reference, in the original description of Melastoma strigosa, to Marcgrav’s
**Caaghiyvyo”’ is not correct; Marcgrav’s illustration shows a Melastome with an
inferior ovary, and the accompanying description cites ‘‘baccae nigrae’’ as well
as ‘‘nascitur pluribus locis in Brasilia nostra.’’
Distribution: Dept. Cundinamarca (and doubtfully Dept. Cauca), Colombia, alt.
2600-3300 m.
Cundinamarca: between Chiquinquira and Zipaquira, Linden 777 (BR, F, G-BOIS, G-
DEL, K, P, US, W); Zipaquira, Perez & Romero 1303 (F); between Zipaquira and Pacha,
ins oh tie 9523 (NY), Gutierrez 106 (GH); Paramo de Guasca, Garcia-Barriga 11683
(COL), Schultes & Jaramillo 3179 (US); Cerro de Suba, Duque 2759-A (COL); above ‘El
Chico” just north of Bogota, Fosberg 22025 (NA, NY); Paramo de La Calera, Philipson &
Idrobo & Fernandez 2463 (BM); Usaquen, Cuatrecasas 9422 (US); between La Calera and
Bogota, Barkley & Garcia-Barriga & Vanegas 17C804 (COL), Woronow & Juzepczuk 5099
(NY); near Bogota, Andre 1084 (BR, K), Andre 1261 (K, NY), Ariste-Joseph A292 (US),
Goudot s.n. (holotype of Chaetogastra goudotii P), Holton 912 (G-BOIS, GH, K, NY), Kar-
sten s.n. (W), Rusby & Pennell 1287 (GH, NY, US), Sandeman 5959 (K), Triana s.n. (BR,
K, NY, P, W); ‘'Sta. Fe,’? Bonpland s.n. (P); ‘‘Guadalupe’’ near Bogota, Haught 5009 (US),
Haught 5635 (US), Haught 5694 (NY, US), Niewerer 217 (NY, US); *(Paramo de Cruz
Verde,’’ Cuatrecasas 432 (F, US); ‘Cerro de Focha’”’ near Bogota, Pennell 2207 (NY);
isanceie’? between Bogota and Chipaque, Cuatrecasas 38 (F, US), Dawe 18 (K, US),
Garcia-Barriga 11940 (US), Niemeyer 119 (US), Perez 1020 (COL); Paramo de Chipaque,
Schultes 4067 (US); Sumapaz, Lehmann 2402 (G-BOIS). Without Department: ‘‘Purase,’’
Bonpland s.n. (isotype of Rhexia stricta P); Purdie s.n. (K); Rodriguez 14 (G-DEL).
Vernacular Names: Quechinol ? (Niemeyer 119); Zarcillo or Almorrana (Duque
2759-A).
While Bonpland cited ‘‘Purase’’ (Dept. Cauca) as the type locality for Rhexia
stricta, it is doubtful if this citation is correct; two Bonpland specimens ex-
amined are labeled ‘*Sta. Fe’’ and another ‘‘Purase.’’ There probably was an er-
ror in Bonpland’s field notes, as no recent collections from this much-visited
area in southern Colombia have been seen.
In addition to the specimens cited above, there is one sheet of the Ventenat
herbarium (G-DEL) with 3 sprigs and several labels indicating ‘Santa Fe de
Bogota”’ as the place of collection, but with no collector indicated. One label of
this sheet was annotated by Bonpland in 1809, after the publication of Rhexia
stricta, apparently while he was in charge of the gardens at Malmaison. Ventenat
had carefully drawn up a description of the plant as a new species of ‘‘Meriana’’;
the collection probably predates the Bonpland collections and may be a Mutis
specimen.
All except one of the 20 examinable flowers on the holotype of Chaetogastra
goudotii are 5-merous; even the one in one packet on the sheet, apparently the
flower used by Naudin for his diagnosis, is 5-merous. In another packet on the
same sheet are a large number of the 4-merous fruits of Castratella piloselloides
(Bonpl.) Naudin, which apparently had become separated from another Goudot
collection; Naudin may well have been misled by these fruits, since the twisting
and imbrication of the sepals in B. strigosum make mery observations difficult.
Among all the collections of B. strigosum, 182 of the 200 observable flowers were
5-merous, and only 18 4-merous; in each collection, 5-mery was dominant.
B. strigosum is probably most closely related to B. jamesonii; fruiting speci-
mens of the latter species, with the floral bracts having dropped, can be distin-
390 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
\
guished from B. strigosum by the much finer hypanthial pubescence and 4-sepaled
fruits. The more pubescent forms of B. lindenii are distinguishable by the differ-
ent inflorescences, sepals, and petals.
30. Brachyotum jamesonii Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 49. 1871.
Trichomes smooth, slender. Branchlets obscurely quadrangular, sparsely to
moderately strigulose. Petiole 2-6 mm. Blade 6=-12(-16) x 3-6 mm., lanceolate-
elliptic to ovate with the apex bluntly acute and the base broadly acute to ob-
tuse, the 3 primaries impressed above and elevated below, the secondaries more or
less obsolete; above sparsely strigulose, the hairs (2-)4-7(-9)/mm.” with their
basal 4-4 adherent; below sparsely loose-strigulose to hirsutulous, the surface
hairs 6-9/mm.” and each subtended by a cluster of glands. Flowers constantly 4-
merous, ternate on short lateral or terminal branches with each flower closely in-
vested by 2 persistent bracts and the dichasium invested by 2 similar bracts which
are inserted at the base of the dichasium, or less frequently solitary and invested
by 4 bracts; peduncle 3-15 mm. above the last leaves and 1-2 mm. diam., cer-
nuous. Bracts elliptic to ovate with the apices acute to rounded, 5-9-nerved, out-
side centrally moderately strigulose but marginally nearly or quite glabrous; pe-
duncular bracts (in ternate inflorescences) 9-18 x 4.57 mm.; pedicellar bracts
6-9.5 x (3.5-)5-7.5 mm., the pedicel 2-4 mm. long below them, 0-1 mm. above.
Hypanthium 5-8.5 x 4-5 mm., 0.2 mm. thick medianly, moderately to densely stri-
gose, the hairs 5-12/mm.” and to 2.5-3.5 mm. long. Sepals 3.5-6.5 x 3-6 mm.,
ovate to oblong-ovate with the apices broadly acute to obtuse, united at bases
0.2-0.4 mm. and sometimes slightly imbricate. Petals deep purple, 14-16 x 11-15
mm., obovate and slightly asymmetrical with the apices obtuse to rounded, the
gland-tipped cilia 0.1-0.3 mm. Filaments 2.5-5 mm.; anthers 3-6.5 mm.; connec-
tive at anther base 0.8-1.5 mm., free of the anther 0.3-0.8 mm., the ventral lobing
0.2-0.4 mm. Style 17-28 x 0.4-0.6 mm., exserted 4-10 mm. Ovary 5=6.5 x 2.5=3.5
mm., moderately short-strigulose on the apical 2=3.5 mm., the apical lobes 0.7-
1.4 mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Spruce 6031 (HOLOTYPE K; isotypes BR, G-
BOIS, G-DEL, GH, NY, P, W); Ecuador, southeastern Prov. Chimborazo, near
Prov. Cafiar border, ‘Sin m. Azuay, loco Runa-rupashca, 12,000 p. Aug. 1859”’
(fide holotype).
Type Photographs: Gleason 87-1 (isotype at K); F25863 (isotype at G-DC).
Distribution: central Ecuador, alt. 3000-4000 m.
Chimborazo: Pangor and ‘‘Huangopud,’’ Lehmann 5794 (F, GH, K, S, US). Cafiar: near
Canar, Rose & Rose 22765 (GH, NY, US); Cerro Bueran, Fosberg & Giler 22648 (NA, NY);
Pillzhum, Jameson 22 (GH). Azuay: ‘*Toreador’’? between Molleturo and Quinoa, Steyer-
mark 53193 (F, NY); along Rio Matadero west of Cuenca, Camp, E-1998A (NY), Camp
E-1998B {NY); Paramo de Tinajillas, Camp E-2278 (NY); near Nabon, Rose & Pachano &
Rose 23003 (US). Without locality: ‘‘Perou,’’ Bonpland s.n. (P).
The number of the type collection was misprinted as ‘'6081”’ in the original
publication.
B. jamesonii may be distinguished from its near relative, B. confertum, by its
constantly 4-merous flowers, usually broadly acute-tipped innermost pair of floral
bracts, less densely pubescent hypanthium, with the hairs whitish rather than
tawny to yellowish, more acute sepals, and non-glandular ovary hairs. Some flow-
ers in Lehmann 5794 have early-caducous glandular tips on the hypanthial hairs.
31. Brachyotum confertum (Bonpl.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 49. 1871.
Rhexia conferta Bonp!. Rhexies 53. 1808.
Chaetogastra conferta (Bonpl.) DC. Prodr. 3: 135. 1828.
ol
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 391
Bolina conferta (Bonpl.) Raf. Syl. Tell. 101. 1838.
Brachyotum campylanthum Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 49. 1871.
Trichomes smooth. Branchlets obscurely quadrangular, densely tawny- or yel-
lowish-strigulose. Petiole 1-3 mm. Blade 4-12(-16) x 2.5-6 mm., ovate (some-
times with the margins so strongly recurved as to appear oblong) with the apex
rounded-acute and the base broadly acute to obtuse, the 3 primaries impressed
above and elevated below, the secondaries obscure or obsolete; above moder
ately strigulose, the slender hairs 10-15/mm.’ and with their basal 4-4 adherent;
below densely loose-long-strigulose on the primaries, the surface moderately hir-
sutulous with the hairs 15-25/mm.’ and less than 1 mm. long, the solitary glands
15-40/mm.” Flowers predominantly S5-merous, predominantly solitary on short
leafy lateral branchlets, closely invested by usually 4 (occasionally 6, rarely 2)
persistent bracts, the last branchlet leaves modified toward bracts to varying de-
grees; pedicel 0-10 mm. above the last branchlet leaves. Outer bracts of 6-brac-
teate flowers 4.5-9 x 5-7 mm., broadly ovate to orbicular with the apices broadly
acute to rounded; innermost 2 pairs of bracts 6-11 x 6-12 mm., orbicular to ovate-
orbicular with the apices rounded, outside densely sericeous-strigose with the
tawny to yellowish hairs 15-20/mm.’ and to 3 mm. long. Hypanthium 5-8 x 5-8
mm., 0.2-0.3 mm. thick medianly, very densely sericeous-strigose with the tawny
hairs 6-8/mm.’ and to 7 mm. long. Sepals 3.5-7 x 3.5-6.5 mm., ovate to oblong-
ovate with the apices obtuse to rounded, not or scarcely united at bases, often
imbricate 0.5-]1 mm. Petals deep purple, 9-13 x 8-13 mm., obovate and symmet-
rical to slightly asymmetrical with the apices rounded or even slightly retuse, the
gland-tipped cilia 0.1-0.4 mm. (the terminal few 0.7-1.2 mm.). Filaments 4-6 mm.;
anthers 4-7 mm.; connective at anther base 0.7-1 mm., free of the anther 0.2-0.5
mm., the ventral lobes 0.1-0.4 mm. Style 13-25 x 0.4-0.6 mm., exserted 4-11 mm.
Ovary 6-7 x 3.5-4 mm., moderately to densely strigulose with gland-tipped hairs
on the apical 2.5-3.5 mm., the apical lobes 0.7-1.4 mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Bonpland s.n. (HOLOTYPE presumably in
Herb. Humboldt & Bonpland at P; isotype P); Ecuador, Prov. Loja, ‘‘entre Loxa
et Malacatos, a une élévation de 2000 metres.”’
Type Photographs and Illustrations: Gleason 87-3 (holotype of B. campylan-
thum at K); Rhexies pl. 20 (1808) (as Rhexia conferta); Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: pl.
3, f. 33f (1871) (as Brachyotum confertum); Bot. Mag. pl. 6018 (1873), and idem,
Fl. Serres 20: p/. 2099 (1874) (as Brachyotum confertum).
Distribution: central to southern Ecuador, alt. 2000-3500 m.
Pichincha: Cerro Corazon, Sodiro 470 (BR). Caniar: between Biblian and Canar, Camp
E-433 (NY), Haught 3329 (NY, US); Pillzhum, Jameson s.n. (holotype of B. campylanthum
K); near Azogues, Rose & Rose 22788 (NY, US). Azuay: near Cuenca, Jameson s.n. (BR,
US, W); along Rio Matadero west of Cuenca, Camp E-1994 (NY); Rio Surucuchu west of
Cuenca, Camp E-4203 (NY); Cumbe, Harling 852 (S); between Cumbe and Nabon, Penland
& Summers 1094 (F, NY); Paramo de Tinajillas, Camp E-2098 (NY); between Cuenca and
Ona, Hitchcock 21649 (NY, US). Loja: between San Lucas and Ona, Hitchcock 21548 (NY,
US); Loja, Seemann 774.1 (K).
The Jameson specimens, apart from the holotype of B. campylanthum, were
numbered 16, 17, and 18 by Gray, but all seem to be sheets of a single collec-
tion. There are no differences between B. campylanthum and B. confertum, and,
in various herbaria, both Triana and Cogniaux had labeled different sheets of the
same collection with either one or the other of the epithets. Of the 306 examina-
ble flowers among the various collections, 240 were 5-merous; typical of this
plurality of 5-mery were such large Camp collections as E-4203 with 100 of 128
flowers 5-merous, E-2098 with 24 of 39, E-433 with 14 of 15, and E-1994 with 16
of 17. Only one sheet examined of all the collections had a majority of the flow-
392 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
ers 4-merous; in Harling 852, 9 of the 11 examinable flowers were 4-merous. The
ovary trichomes of B.. confertum are conic, but ome brown glandular tips are obvi-
ous on some or all of these hairs.
32. Brachyotum cogniauxii Wurdack, sp. nov.
Trichomata minute denseque aspera. Ramuli novelli rotundo-quadrangulati,
cum petiolis pedicellisque dense hirsutuli, pilis persistentibus ad 2 mm. longis
junioribus pro parte glanduliferis. Petioli 0.5-2 mm. Lamina 5-8(-11) x 3-4 mm.
ovata apice rotundo-acuta basi obtusa, nervis primariis 3 supra anguste impressis
subtus expressis, secundariis obsoletis; supra modice brevi-strigosa, pilis graci-
libus 6-8/mm.” ad 1.5 mm. longis et basi per "4-'4 adhaerentibus; subtus dense
laxo-strigosa, pilis 20-25/mm.’ et ad 2 mm. longis junioribus pro parte glandu-
liferis. Flores 4-5-meri in ramulis foliatis brevibus solitarii, bracteis 4 aut 6 per-
sistentibus conjuncte vestiti. Bracteae exteriores 9-10 7-8 mm. late ovatae
apice late acutae vel obtusae, mediae et interiores 11-15 x 9-12 mm. orbiculares
vel late ellipticae apice rotundatae vel late obtusae, omnes extus modice laxo-
brevi-strigosae 12-20/mm.’ intus modice strigulosae 10-20/mm.’, pilis glandu-
liferis glandulis plus minusve persistentibus. Hypanthium 5.5-7x 6-7.5 mm.,
medio 0.2-0.6 mm. crassum, densissime sericeo-strigosum, pilis 10/mm.’ glandu-
liferis et ad 3 mm. longis. Sepala 7-9.5 x 4-6.5 mm. oblongo-ovata apice late
acuta vel anguste obtusa basi per 0.5 mm. cohaerentia intus modice strigulosa
pilis 20/mm.’ glanduliferis. Petala 14-19 x 10-17 mm. apice rotundata, ciliis
glanduliferis 0.1-0.3 mm. Filamenta 5-7mm.; antherae 5-7 mm.; connectivum basi
antherae 1.7-2.7 mm., ab anthera per 1-1.8 mm. liberum, lobis ventralibus magnis
1.2-2.1 mm. longis singulis 0.3-0.7 mm. latis. Stylus 21-27 x 0.5-0.8 mm., per 3-
4 mm. exsertus. Ovarium 5-8 x 3.5-5.5 mm., apice per 3.5-5.5 mm. dense strigu-
losum pilis glanduliferis, lobis apicalibus super loculos 0.4-0.8 mm.
Type Collection and Locality: Pennell 15660 (HOLOTYPE PH); Peru, Dept.
Amazonas, ‘‘stony jalca, 3500 m. alt., above Colcamar,’’ 24-26 June 1948. ‘Shrub.
Bracts old rose, yellowish-tipped; aenale maize-yellow; petals black.’’
Distribution: northern Peru, alt. 2400-3500 m.
Amazonas: Cerro de Fraijaco northeast of Tambo de Ventilla, Pennell 15843 (PH),
Pennell 15877 (PH); Bagazan, Mathews (Fielding) 1255 (BR, K); between Piscohuanuno
and Bagazan, Raimondi 1902 (USM); between Almirante and Molinopampa, Sandeman 52
(K); Rio Sonche west of Molinopampa, Pennell 15760 (PH); Chachapoyas, Mathews 46H
(BR, K). La Libertad: Cajamarquilla, Ferreyra 1267 (NY).
The flower-mery is quite unstable in B. cogniauxii, with 5 of the collections
predominantly 4-merous and 4 predominantly 5-merous; of the 59 examinable flow-
ers, 36 were 4-merous. However, the limited number of flowers precluded any con-
clusionas to the dominant mery.
This species is abundantly distinct from its nearest relative, B. confertum,
with which both Triana and Cogniaux confused it. The densely roughened tri-
chomes, spreading stem pubescence, adaxially pubescent and larger bracts and
sepals with the hairs gland-tipped, much larger anther tubercles, and smaller api-
cal ovary lobes all separate it from its Ecuadorian relative.
33. Brachyotum trichocalyx Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 48. 1871.
Trichomes smooth. Branchlets quadrangular, very sparsely strigulose and very
soon glabrescent except for a few short nodal hairs. Petiole 1-3 mm. Blade 5-7 x
3-3.5 mm., ovate with the apex broadly acute to rounded and the base rounded-
truncate, the 3 primaries impressed narrowly above and elevated below, the sec-
ondaries obsolete; above glabrous; below very sparsely short-strigulose along the
veins and glabrous on the surface except for about 4 glandular clusters/mm.’
which turn black with age. Flowers 5-merous, solitary on short leafy lateral
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 393
branches, with the pedicels 3-5 mm. above the last leaves (bracteoles ?). Hypan-
thium 5-G x 5-5.5 mm., 0.8 mm. thick medianly, densely beset with stout patent
setae 1-3/mm.? and to 5x 1 mm. Sepals 9.5-10.5 x 5.5-6 mm., ovate to oblong-
ovate with the apices broadly acute, united at bases 0.5 mm., somewhat imbricate
basally, outside glabrous except for a few setae (to 2 mm. long) at the base of
the midrib. Petals 18-19 x 14-15 mm., obovate and slightly asymmetrical with the
apices rounded to broadly obtuse, the gland-tipped cilia 0.1-0.4 mm. Filaments
5-5.5 mm., as long as the anthers; connective at anther base 1-1.1 mm., free of
the anther 0.3-0.4 mm., ventrally not lobed. Style 21 x 0.6 mm., exserted 6 mm.
Ovary 5x 3 mm., moderately long-strigulose on the apical 2.5 mm., the apical
lobes 0.7 mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Jameson s.n. (HOLOTYPE K); ‘‘prope Quito.”’
Distribution: definitely known only from Prov. Loja, Ecuador.
Azuay-Loja border: near ‘'Tablon de Ona’’ between Nabon and Zaraguro, Rose, Pach-
ano & Rose 23094 (NY, US). Loja: near Loja, Jameson s.n. (US). Without Province:
Jameson s.n. (BR, US).
The Jameson collection without definite locality was numbered 15 by Gray; it
seems possible that all of the Jameson specimens cited here are parts of one col-
lection and that the holotype was merely sent from, and not collected near, Quito
by Jameson. The Rose et al. collection is in fruit, but there is no possibility of
misidentification.
The affinities of this species are quite obscure. Vegetatively it is quite simi-
lar to B. nutans or some of the glabrous forms of B. lindenii; the large sepals are
reminiscent of B. strigosum and B. fictum. The enormous hypanthial setae are
unique.
. 34, Brachyotum ecuadorense Wurdack, sp. nov.
ae’
Trichomata minutissime sparseque papillata. Ramuli novelli obscure quad-
rangulati, cum petiolis pedicellisque dense brevi-strigulosi. Petiolus 1=3 mm.
Lamina 4-7 x 2.5-5 mm. ovalis vel ovali-oblonga apice late acuta vel obtusa basi
obtusa, nervis primariis 3 supra impressis subtus expressis, secundariis obso-
letis; supra dense strigulosa, trichomatibus 7-8/mm.’ conicis 0.1-0.3 mm. diam.
dimidio basali adhaerente apice libero per 0.2-0.5 mm.; subtus densissime strigu-
losa, setis conicis. Flores plerumque 5-meri, in ramulis brevibus adscendentibus
solitarii. Pedicellus super folia ultima 2-5 mm., foliis ultimis (bracteis ?) per-
sistentibus leviter extenuibus. Hypanthium 5.5-6.5x 4-6 mm., medio 0.2 mm.
crassum dense strigulosum setis curvo-conicis 15/mm.’ et 0.1-0.2 mm. diam. Se-
pala 5.5-6.5 x 3.5-4.5 mm. oblonga apice obtusa mucronata basi per 0.7-0.8 mm.
cohaerentia, sinu anguste acuto. Petala 12-19 x 11-15 mm. obovata symmetrica
apice truncata, ciliis non-glandulosis 0.1-0.2 mm. Filamenta 5.5-6 mm.; antherae
4.5-5.5 mm.; connectivum basi antherae 1.1-1.5 mm., ab anthera per 0.4-0.7 mm.
liberum, lobis ventralibus 0.6-0.9 mm. Stylus 22-24 x 0.6 mm., per 3-10 mm. ex-
sertus. Ovarium 6 x 3 mm. apice per 2 mm. dense strigulosum setis non-glandu-
losis, lobis apicalibus super loculos vix 0.1 mm.
Type Collection and Locality: Prieto P-307 (HOLOTYPE NY); Ecuador,
Azuay-Oriente border, eastern cordillera between Ofia and rio Yacuambi, crest,
alt. 10000-11200 ft., 10-19 Sep. 1945. ‘‘Plant single-stemmed below, branched
above, 0.5 m. Lvs deep green above. All parts of plant with minute processes.
Floral bracts, hypanthium & sepal lobes red. Corolla tubular-urceolate in outline,
nigrescent (by very strong transmitted light, petal color deep magenta-purple).
Filaments deep rose-magenta, anthers sulfur-yellow.’? Known only from the type
collection.
The closest relative of B. ecuadorense seems to be B. fictum. B. ecuadorense
may be intermediate between this species and the poorly defined B. rosmarini-
394 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
\,
folium; the Peruvian species, however, differs in its ternate flowers, differently
shaped petals with gland-tipped cilia, and glandular ovary hairs, as well as the
more roughened pubescence. Only 2 of the 26 examinable flowers in the Prieto
collection were 4-merous.
35. Brachyotum fictum Wurdack, sp. nov.
Trichomata laevia. Ramuli novelli obscure quadrangulati cum petiolis pedicel-
lisque dense laxo-brevi-strigosi. Petiolus 1-3 mm. Lamina 4-7 x 3-6 mm. ovata
vel elliptico-ovata apice rotunda basi obtusa vel truncata, nervis primariis 3 su-
pra et subtus ab pilis occultis, secundariis obsoletis; supra tuberculis crassis
tumidis 1-2/mm.” (25-45 per lamina) in series 6-10 leviter irregulariter dispositis
onusta, tuberculo abrupte setifero seta 0.1-0.5 mm. longa; subtus in nervis pri-
mariis modice setulosa setis ad 2 mm. longis rigidis superficie glabra vel sparse
setulosa. Flores 5-meri in ramulis brevibus foliosis solitarii. Pedicellus super
folia ultima 1-5 mm., foliis ultimis (bracteis ?) persistentibus leviter extenuibus.
Hypanthium 5-G6.5 x 4-6 mm., medio 0.3-0.5 mm. crassum, dense laxo-robusto-
strigosi setis 5-10/mm.” et ad 2 mm. longis. Sepala 6-8 x 5.5-6 mm. late ovata
per 1-2 mm. imbricata basi per 0.3-1 mm. cohaerentia apicibus obtusis recurvis,
intus parte 4-% apicali cum tuberculis eisdem cum laminarum aut robusto-longo-
strigulosa. Petala 11-16 x 10-15 mm. obovata apice oblique truncata vel rotunda,
ciliis non-glandulosis 0.1-0.4 mm. Filamenta 4.5-5.5 mm.; antherae 4.5-6 mm.
poro 0.3-0.4 mm. diam.; connectivum basi antherae 1-1.5 mm., ab anthera per
0.5-0.7 mm. liberum, lobis ventralibus brevibus 0.2-0.3 mm. Stylus 17-20 x 0.6
mm., per 2-4 mm. exsertus. Ovarium 4-5 x 2=-3.5 mm. apice per 1.5-3 mm. dense
brevi-strigulosum, lobis apicalibus super loculos 0.5-1 mm.
Type Collection and Locality: Camp E-4852 (HOLOTYPE NY); Ecuador, Azuay-
Oriente border, Paramo del Castillo and surrounding forested areas, crest of the
eastern cordillera on the trail between Sevilla de Oro and Mendez, alt. 11000-
11300 ft., 21 Aug. 1945. ‘‘Shrub in clumps, to 0.7 m. Lvs deep green, rugose
above; yellowish below; petiole red. Hypanthium red, calycine lobes tipped with
green. Corolla nigrescent, of the closed type.’’
Distribution: known definitely only from the Prov. Azuay-Oriente border in
Ecuador, alt. 3000-3500 m.
Azuay: east of El Pan, Acosta 5107 (F); Paramo de Matanga, Lehmann s.n. (K). With-
out Locality: ‘‘Peru,’’ Lobb 230 (W).
The Lobb collection probably came from near Cuenca. Superficially, B. fictum
resembles B. multituberculatum but probably represents a slightly different line
of divergence; the solitary flowers, sepal shape, small-pored anthers, and egland-
ular petals display affinities with B. ecuadorense. From this relative, B. fictum
may easily be differentiated by the much larger leaf callosities, longer apical
ovary lobes, and recurved ovate imbricate sepals which within are tuberculate or
stout-strigose.
36. Brachyotum multituberculatum Wurdack, sp. nov.
Trichomata laevia. Ramuli novelli obscure quadrangulati cum petiolis pedi-
cellisque dense gracili-hirsuti pilis adscendenti-patentibus ad 1-2 mm. longis.
Petiolus 1-2 mm. Lamina 4.56 x 3-4.5 mm. ovata vel elliptico-ovata apice ba-
sique obtusa, nervis primariis 3 sed ab pilis occultis; supra tuberculis crassis
tumidis 2/mm.’ (35-40 per lamina) in series 6 regulariter dispositis dense onusta,
tuberculo abrupte setifero seto ca. 0.5 mm. longo; subtus dense gracili-hirsuta,
pilis 15/mm.’ et ad 2 mm. longis. Flores 5-meri conferto-terni bracteis duabus in-
vesti, dichasio ab foliis subtento. Pedicellus sub bracteis 3-5 mm., super 2-3
mm.; bracteae 8x 9 mm. late ovatae apice obtusae, supra parte tertia vel quarta
apicali tuberculis dense onustae sed alioqui glabrae, subtus sparse laxo-strigo-
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 395
sae, minime usque ad anthesim persistentes. Hypanthium 4 x 5.5 mm., medio 0.3
mm. crassum, modice gracili-strigosum 8-9/mm.’ Sepala 4.5 x 3-3.5 mm. oblonga
apice late acuta vel anguste obtusa basi per 0.5 mm. cohaerentia, sinu acuto.
Petala purpurea 11-12 x 9 mm. asymmetrice obovata apice rotunda, ciliis glandu-
losis 0.1-0.4 mm. (terminali ad 1 mm.). Filamenta 3,5-4 mm.; antherae 3-3.5 mm.,
poro 0.5-0.6 mm. diam.; connectivum basi antherae 1,5-2 mm., ab anthera per I-
1.5 mm. liberum, lobis ventralibus 1-1.5 mm. longis singulis 0.6-0.7 mm. latis.
Stylus 20x 0.6 mm., per 7 mm. exsertus. Ovarium 5 x 3.5 mm. apice per 3 mm.
dense gracili-strigulosum, lobis apicalibus super loculos 1.5 mm.
Type Collection and Locality: L. Williams 7587 (HOLOTYPE F; isotype NY);
Peru, Dept. Amazonas, ‘‘La Jalca’’ between Chachapoyas and Moyobamba, alt.
2700-3300 m., 21 Jan. 1930. Known only from the type collection.
The closest relative of this species seems to be B. markgrafii; it may be dis-
tinguished from that species by the leaf tubercles in 6 rows at the widest part of
the leaf, the generally finer stem, hypanthial, and lower leaf surface pubescence,
the much larger pedicellar bracts, and much longer apical ovary lobes.
37. Brachyotum lymphatum Wurdack, sp. nov.
Trichomata laevia. Ramuli novelli obscure quadrangulati dense hirsutuli pi-
lis gracilibus ad 1 mm. longis. Petiolus 1-4 mm. Lamina 7-14 x 4-10 mm. ovata
vel elliptico-ovata apice late acuta basi obtusa vel truncata, nervis primariis 3
supra impressis subtus expressis, secundariis supra invisus subtus leviter an-
gusteque expressis; supra modice brevi-strigosa, pilis 3-5/mm.’ et ad 1.5 x 0.25
mm. parte basali *4-’4 adhaerente; subtus modice hirsutula, pilis 5-10/mm.’ et ad
1 mm. longis, glandulis solitariis 10-15/mm.’ Flores 5-meri saepe conferto-terni
dichasio ab foliis subtento. Pedicellus sub bracteolis 3-5 mm., super 2-4 mm.;
‘bracteolae 3-5 x 1-2 mm. obovato-ellipticae trinerviae supra glabrae subtus
sparse laxo-strigulosae, usque ad anthesim persistentes. Hypanthium 3-4 x 4.5
mm., medio 0.2 mm. crassum, modice laxo-longo-strigulosum 7-10/mm.’ Sepala
2.5-5 x 3-4 mm. triangularia vel oblongo-ovata apice late acuta basi per 0.8-1
mm. cohaerentia, sinu late acuto. Petala purpurea 9.5-13.5 x 8-11 mm. obovata
et leviter asymmetrica apice rotunda vel leviter obliqua, ciliis non-glandulosis
0.1-0.3 mm. Filamenta 3-5.5 mm.; antherae 2.5-3.5 mm., poro 0.6-0.8 mm. diam.;
connectivum basi antherae 1-1.6 mm., ab anthera per 0.7-1.2 mm. liberum, lobis
ventralibus 0.7-1 mm. longis singulis 0,5-0.7 mm. latis. Stylus 15-21 x 0.5-0.6
mm., per 6-8 mm. exsertus. Ovarium 3.5-4.5 x 2.5-3.5 mm. apice per 1.5-2 mm.
sparse strigulosum, lobis apicalibus super loculos 0.4-0.5 mm.
Type Collection and Locality: Lehmann 6025 (HOLOTYPE K); Colombia,
Dept. Cauca, ‘‘Paramo de Guanacas, Central Andes of Popayan, alt. 3300-
3600 m.’’
Type Photograph: Gleason 28-3 (destroyed isotype at B).
Distribution: Dept. Cauca, Colombia, alt. 3300-3600 m.
Between ‘‘Perro Muerto y la Laguna del Paez,’’ Cuatrecasas 19034 (F).
The small large-pored anthers of B. lymphatum suggest a general affinity with
B. markgrafit and its relatives. The leaf pubescence, sepal shape, and eglandu-
lar petal cilia are ample distinctions from these Peruvian species. The Berlin
isotype had been determined by Cogniauxas B. trianaei, In aspect, B. lymphatum
is quite like several of the Colombian species of Chaetolepis and probably will
be found in some herbaria misidentified under that genus.
38. Brachyotum markgrafii Wurdack, sp. nov.
Trichomata laevia. Ramuli novelli obscure quadrangulati, cum petiolis pedi-
cellisque modice vel dense laxegue longo-strigulosi, pilis basibus patentibus
"
396 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
\.
apicibus incurvis. Petiolus 1-2 mm. Lamina 4-6 x 3=-4.5 mm. ovata apice rotunda
basi late obtusa, nervis primariis 3 supra et subtus ab pilis obscuris; supra tu-
berculis crassis tumidis 1/mm.’ (16-28 per lamina) in series 4 regulariter dis-
positis dense onusta, tuberculo abrupte setifero seta 0.2-0.4 mm. longa; subtus
dense setulosa vel appresso-setulosa, pilis ad 2 mm. longis. Flores 5-meri in-
florescentiis ut in B. lycopodioidi. Pedicellus sub bracteolis 1-2 mm., super 2-4
mm.; bracteolae 1-2.5 x 0.5-1 mm. ellipticae supra glabrae subtus sparse strigu-
losae, minime usque ad anthesim persistentes. Hypanthium 3-3.5 x 4-4.5 mm.,
medio 0.3 mm. crassum, modice vel dense adpresso-setosum pilis 3-4/mm.’ et ad
3x 0.5 mm. Sepala 3.5-4.5 x 2-2.5 mm. oblongo-ovata apice acuta basi per 0.2-
0.7 mm. cohaerentia, sinu rotundo. Petala 11-13 x 7-8 mm. asymmetrice obovata
apice obtusa vel rotunda, ciliis glanduliferis 0.1-0.4 mm. Filamenta 3.5-4 mm.;
antherae 2.5-3 mm., poro 0.7-0.8 mm. diam.; connectivum basi antherae 1.4-1.6
mm., ab anthera per 1-1.1 mm. liberum, lobis ventralibus 0.9-1 mm. Stylus 16-
20 x 0.3 mm., per 5 mm. exsertus. Ovarium 3.5 x 2.5 mm. apice per 1.5 mm. mo-
dice longo-strigulosum, lobis apicalibus super loculos 0.2-0.6 mm.
Type Collection and Locality: Pearce sn. (HOLOTYPE K); Peru, Dept. Hu-
anuco, ‘‘Cordillera of Pozuzo 10-11000 ft., July 1863. Evg. shrub 4-6 ft. Blue.”’
Type Photograph: Gleason 88-12 (holotype).
Distribution: Depts. Huanuco and Junin, Peru, alt. 3000-3100 m.
Junin: Huacapistana, Weberbauer 2072 (F, G-DEL).
This species is very closely related to B. lycopodioides, but differs in the
smooth trichomes, more ovate leaf blades (the length/width ratio mostly less than
1.5, rather than mostly greater than 2), slightly greater average number of tuber-
cles per leaf, and much stouter and more patent hairs on the stems, lower side of
the leaves, and hypanthium. The hypanthium is moderately covered with stout
hairs with patent bases and incurved tips, rather than very densely short-strigose.
The type sheet is a syntype of B. lycopodioides.
39, Brachyotum lycopodioides Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 49. 1871.
Brachyotum minimum Markgraf, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 13: 459. 1937.
Trichomes minutely but moderately roughened. Branchlets obscurely quad-
rangular, densely to moderately strigose. Petiole 1-2 mm. Blade 3-5 x 2=2.5 mm.,
ovate to oblong-elliptic with the apex rounded and the base obtuse, the 3 primar
ies completely hidden by the pubescence; above completely covered with stout
tubercles 1/mm.’ in 4 rows at widest part of the blade and 12-20 per blade, with
_ their abruptly attenuate tips about 0.5 mm. long; below very densely short-strigose.
Flowers 5-merous, Compact-ternate or with an additional pair of flowers at the
node below the dichasial node or also with another additional pair at the next-
lower node, the dichasium subtended by leaves. Pedicel 0-3 mm. below the brac-
teoles, 2-3 mm. above; pedicellar bracteoles 2.5-4 x 1.5=2 mm., elliptic and 3-
nerved, mostly persistent until anthesis, above glabrous, below densely strigu-
lose. Hypanthium 3=3.5 x 4.5 mm., 0.3 mm. thick medianly, densely sericeous-
strigose, the hairs 6-12/mm.’ and to 2 mm. long. Sepals 3-4 x 2.5-3 mm., ovate
to oblong-ovate with acute apices, united at bases 0.5-0.7 mm., the sinuses acute.
Petals light violet (fide Pennell), 12-14 x 9-10 mm., asymmetrically obovate with
obtuse to rounded-obtuse apices, the gland-tipped cilia 0.1-0.2 mm. (the terminal
one 0.3-0.4 mm.). Filaments 3.5-4 mm.; anthers 2-3 mm., with the flaring apical
pore 0.5 mm. in diam. and nearly as wide as the anther; connective at anther base
0.6-2 mm., free of the anther 0.3-1.2 mm., the ventral lobes 0.4-1.1 mm. Style
15-17 x 0.3-0.4 mm., exserted 4-5 mm. Ovary 3-4 x 2.5-3 mm., densely strigu-
lose on the apical 1-1.5 mm., the apical lobes 0.1-0.2 mm. above the locules.
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 397
Type Collection and Locality: Mathews 1254 (LECTOTYPE K); Peru, Dept.
Amazonas, ‘‘ad Bajasan prov. Chachapoyas.”’
Illustration: Weberbauer, El Mundo Vegetal de Los Andes Peruanos 525, f.
61a (1945).
Distribution: Dept. Amazonas, Peru, alt. 3000-3200 m.
Cerro de Fraijaco northeast of Tambo de Ventilla, Pennell 15854 (PH); Pie buaraae
Pass, Sandeman 57 (K).
Markgraf recognized the two entities involved in the collections of B. lyco-
podioides and B. markgrafii, but did not realize that Triana’s description encom-
passed both elements. Unfortunately, Macbride (1941, p. 269) designated Mathews
1254 as the type collection of B. lycopodioides, and this collection coincides
with B. minimum. Triana’s description is so inconclusive that Macbride’s desig-
nation must stand, thus synonymizing Markgraf’s epithet.
The packet containing the only specimen examined of Weberbauer 4399 (BR,
collected at Chachapoyas) has a mixture of B. lycopodioides and B. markgrafii.
The photograph (Gleason 27-9) of a sheet of this collection at Berlin seems to
indicate that a portion of another collection, perhaps Weberbauer 2072 which is
B. markgrafii, was inadvertently mixed with Weberbauer 4399,
40. Brachyotum rosmarinifolium (R. & P.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 49. 1871.
Rhexia rosmarinifolia R. & P. Fl. Peruv. & Chil. 3: 84. 1802.
Arthrostemma rosmarinifolia (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 3: 136. 1828.
Chaetogastra rosmarinifolia (R. & P.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 131, quoad syn.
1850.
Trichomes very minutely and sparsely to moderately roughened (to smooth ?).
Branchlets obscurely quadrangular, moderately to densely strigulose. Petiole 1-3
mm. Blade 6-12 x 3-4 mm., oblong-elliptic to lance-oblong with the apex and
base obtuse, the 3 primaries deeply impressed above and below elevated, the 6=-
10 pairs of secondaries obscured by the pubescence above and below; above
densely strigulose, the stout hairs 3-8/mm.’ with their basal 4-4 adherent and
0.1-0.3 mm. diam. but apically gradually attenuate; below very densely strigu-
lose. Flowers predominantly 5S-merous, mostly ternate but occasionally with an
additional pair of flowers at the node below the dichasial node and then the
slightly reduced leaves subtending the dichasium early caducous. Pedicel 1-3
mm. below the bracteoles, 1-8 mm. above; pedicellar bracteoles 4-9 x 1=2 mm.,
narrowly elliptic, early caducous, pubescent as the leaves except for the gla-
brous adaxial apical 4-34. Hypanthium 4.5 x 4.5 mm., 0.3 mm. thick medianly,
moderately to densely strigulose to short-strigose, the hairs 10-12/mm.’ Sepals
6-6.5 x 3-4 mm., oblong with obtuse apices, united at bases 1 mm., the sinuses
acute. Petals deep purple, 15-16 x 12-13.5 mm., asymmetrically obovate with ob-
tuse apices, the gland-tipped cilia 0.3-0.4 mm. Filaments 5=-5.5 mm.; anthers 5
mm.; connective at anther base 1.7-2.2 mm., free of the anther 0.8-1.4 mm., the
ventral lobes each 0.3=1.2 x 0.6-0.7 mm. Style 23 x 0.5 mm., exserted 6-9 mm.
Ovary 5.5 x 3 mm., densely strigulose with gland-tipped hairs on the apical 2=2.5
mm., the apical lobes 0.2-0.3 mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Ruiz & Pavon s.n, (SYNTYPES presumably at
MA; isosyntype F); Peru, Depts. Huanuco and Junin, ‘‘in Huanuci et Tarmae.’
Type Photographs & Illustrations: F16907 and Gleason 27-10 (destroyed syn-
type at B); Fl. Peruv. & Chil. 3: pl. 318, f. a (1802) (as Rhexia rosmarinifolia).
Distribution: central Peru, alt. 3000-4200 m.
Huanuco: Mito, Machride & Featherstone 1870 p.p. (F, G-DEL p.p., NY); ‘‘Torre-
huasi,’’ Woytkowski 326 (F).
398 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
This species was described originally as having 4-merous flowers, but some
5-merous fruits. All except 1 of the 11 examinable flowers in Macbride & Feather-
stone 1870 p.p. were 5-merous, and all the fruits on the syntype were S-merousg.
The trichomes of Woytkhowski 326 are smooth and it may well be that this speci-
men represents ‘‘pure’’ B. rosmarinifolium, since the Macbride & Featherstone
collection is part of the hybrid mixture described under B. lutescens; the tri-
chomes on the syntype are very minutely and sparsely roughened, and some of the
vegetative hairs are gland-tipped, so this specimen too may be the result of the
introgression of B. lutescens. The salient features of B. rosmarinifolium seem to
be the ternate inflorescences, firm oblong sepals, large anther appendages, and
gland-tipped ovary hairs.
41. Brachyotum figueroae Macbride, Field Mus. Pub. Bot. 4: 173. 1929.
Trichomes moderately and densely roughened. Branchlets obscurely quad-
rangular, denseiy hirsute, the hairs to 2 mm. long and a very few of them gland-
tipped. Petiole 2-3 mm. Blade 7-12 x 4-7 mm., elliptic to ovate-elliptic with the
apex acute and the base broadly acute to obtuse, the 3 primaries impressed above
and elevated below, the 8-10 pairs of secondaries completely obscured by the
pubescence; above densely long-strigulose, the hairs 8-10/mm.’, each on a low
bulla with the basal 4 of the hair adherent (to 0.3 mm. diam.) and the free apical
portion rather abruptly attenuate; below very densely hirsutulous. Flowers pre-
dominantly 5-merous, ternate or with an additional pair of flowers at the node be-
low the dichasial node, the persistent leaves subtending the dichasium slightly
reduced, the peduncle not differentiated. Pedicel 1-3 mm. below the bracteoles,
2-4 mm. above; pedicellar bracteoles 2.5=3.5 x 0.2-0.4 mm., narrowly spatulate,
persistent at least until anthesis, above glabrous, below moderately loose-strigu-
lose. Hypanthium 7x 5.5 mm., 0.3 mm. thick medianly, sparsely strigulose 7-
12/mm.’ Sepals 5-5.5 x 4-4.5 mm., oblong-ovate with the apices broadly blunt-
acute, united at bases 0.4-0.6 mm., the sinuses acute. Petais ‘‘whitish,’’ 10-12 x
7.59.5 mm., asymmetrically obovate with the apices obliquely truncate, the gland-
tipped cilia 0.1-0.2 mm. (the apical few to 0.5 mm.). Filaments 5-5.5 mm.; an-
thers 6=6.5 mm.; connective at anther base 1-1.3 mm., free of the anther 0.3-0.5
mm., the ventral lobing 0.5-0.7 mm. Style 24 x 0.6 mm., exserted 9 mm. Ovary 6.5
x 3.5 mm., densely strigose with gland-tipped hairs on the apical 3 mm., the ap-
ical lobes 0.3 mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Macbride & Featherstone 2504 (HOLOTYPE
F; isotypes G-DEL, NY); Peru, Dept. Ancash, ‘‘Catuc’”’ 25 km. east of Huaras.
Known only from the type collection.
Vernacular Name: Cotchkis blanco.
All of the 21 examinable flowers were 5-merous. Macbride apparently saw a
few 4-mérous flowers since he cited the flowers as 4- or 5-merous.
That B. figuweroae should be maintained as distinct from the B. rostratum com-
plex is extremely doubtful. The only character separating the species is the dis-
tinct development of anther tubercles in B. figueroae. Slight tendencies in this
direction have been observed in the ‘‘trianae’’ element of B. rostratum (up to 0.15
mm. free of the anther). B. figueroae probably represents another degree of sort-
ing-out of the complex between B. rostratum and B. rosmarinifolium,.
42, Brachyotum rostratum (Naudin) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 48. 1871.
Chaetogastra rostrata Naudin; Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 135. 1850.
Chaetogastra microphylla Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. If]. 14: 136. 1850.
Brachyotum microphyllum (Naud.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 49. 1871. Non sensu
Cogniaux; DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 164. 1891.
Brachyotum trianaei Cogniaux, DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 167. 1891.
Brachyotum callosum Macbride, Field Mus. Pub. Bot. 4: 172. 1929.
}
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 399
Trichomes minutely and moderately roughened. Branchlets obscurely quad-
rangular, densely to moderately fine-hirsute to strigose or strigulose, the hairs
mostly eglandular, occasionally with some intermingled gland-tipped hairs. Peti-
ole I-G mm. Blade (5-)10-25 x (2-)5=-13 mm., ovate to elliptic or oblong-elliptic
with the apex bluntly acute or rounded and the base obtuse to truncate, the 3 pri-
maries narrowly impressed above and elevated below, the 8-15 pairs of second-
aries above obscurely impressed or obsolete and below narrowly elevated but
mostly obscured by the pubescence; above moderately short- (rarely long-) stri-
gose, the hairs 2-5(-8)/mm.’ on low callosities and in 10 or more irregular rows
with the adherent expanded bases 0.2-0.5(-1.5) mm. diam. and the more or less
abruptly attenuate free apices (0.2-)0.5-1(-3) mm. long; below densely to very
densely loose-strigulose to fine-hirsutulous, the hairs (10-)15-30/mm.’ and mostly
eglandular but occasionally with intermingled gland-tipped hairs, the glands soli-
tary and dense (15-60/mm.’) but obscured by the trichomes. Flowers predomi-
nantly 5-merous, mostly ternate (rarely a few solitary) or sometimes with an addi-
tional pair of flowers at the node below the dichasial node or the dichasia ter-
nate. Peduncle of dichasium (5-)10-25 mm. long and slender (about 4-4 diam. of
the supporting branchlet); bracts at base of the dichasium 3-10 x 1-4 mm., per-
sistent until anthesis, with pubescence as in leaves or above glabrous. Pedicels
0.5-7 mm. below bracteoles, 1-7 mm. above; pedicellar bracteoles 1.5=6 x 0.3=2
mm., mostly caducous before anthesis, above glabrous or apically strigulose, be-
low moderately loose-strigulose. Hypanthium 4-8 x 4-6 mm., 0.2-0.5 mm. thick
medianly, sparsely to moderately strigulose or appressed-hirsutulous, the fine
hairs 6-12(-15)/mm.” and eglandular or in part gland-tipped. Sepals 4-7 x 3=4.5
mm., narrowly oblong-ovate to triangular-ovate with the apices acute, united at
bases 0.6-1 mm., the sinuses rounded-acute. Petals yellowish (or purple fide
Naudin), 9-16 x 8-12 mm., asymmetrically obovate with the apices obliquely trun-
cate, outside glabrous or very sparsely strigulose at base and apex, the gland-
tipped cilia 0.1-0.5 mm. Filaments 3.5-7.5 mm.; anthers 4-6.5 mm.; connective at
anther base not prolonged (rarely free of anther 0.15 mm.or less). Style 15-20 x
0.5-0.7 mm., exserted 4-8 mm. Ovary 4=7 x 2.5-3.5 mm., moderately strigulose on
the apical 2-3 mm., usually the hairs in part gland-tipped, the apical lobes 0.1=
0.3 mm. above the locules.
Type Collection and Locality: Dombey s.n. (HOLOTYPE presumably at P;
isotypes BM, BR, F, G-DEL, L, P, US); ‘*Peruvia,’’ probably in Depts. Huanuco,
Pasco, or Junin.
Type Photographs: F38256 (isotype of B. rostratum at P); Gleason 27-12 and
F16718 (destroyed isotype of B. rostratum at B); F36133 (holotype of B. micro-
phyllum at P); Gleason 51-4 (isotype of B. trianaei, at G-DC ?); F16719 (des-
troyed isotype of B. trianaei at B); F63423 (holotype of B. callosum at F).
Distribution: north central to southeastern Per, alt. 3100-4100 m.
Cajamarca: Llama, Sandeman 4118 (K). Ancash: between Tallenga and Pachapaque,
Ferreyra 7504 (USM). Huanuco: northeast of Huanuco, Machride & Featherstone 2181
(holotype of B. callosum F; isotypes G-DEL, NY,S, US); south of Mito, Macbride & Feath-
erstone 1871 p.p. (A p.p-, F p.p., W). Junin: Goyllarisquisga, Asplund 11900 (S); Hua-
capistana, Weberbauer 2218 (BR, G-DEL, S); between Vitoc and Palca, Isem 583 (F);
Hda. Runatullu, Ochoa 206 (S, US). Huancavelica: between Salcabamba and ‘‘Ampurco,”’
Stork & Horton 10429 (F, G-DEL, UC). Cuzco: Paso de Tres Cruces, Pennell 13847a
(NY, PH), Vargas 2057 (NY); Paucartambo, Soukup 387 (F). Puno: ‘‘Tabina’’ near Aya-
pata, Lechler 2061 (holotype of B. trianaei BR; isotypes BR, G-BOIS, K, P, S, W; frag-
ment F); near Limbani, Metcal/ 30548 (G-DEL, NY, UC, US). Without Department: Bonp-
land s.n. (hoiotype of B. microphyllum P; fragment F); Raimondi 9439 (USM).
Vernacular Name: Pinchos (Ochoa 206).
400 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
‘
Of the 141 examinable flowers in the various collections ascribed to this spe-
cies, all except 20 were S5-merous. All except 6 of the 39 examinable flowers of
Lechler 2061 were 5-merous, although B. trianaei was described as 4-merous.
The degree of distinctness of this complex from B. lutescens is dubious; some
specimens vary toward B. lutescens and some toward B. rosmarinifolium. The in-
terplay of appressed and patent stem pubescence and glandular and non-glandular
stem, lower leaf surface, and hypanthial trichomes certainly permits no specific
distinctions between the species synonymized under B. rostratum. ‘‘Typical’’ B.
trianaei (B. callosum) has spreading to appressed stem pubescence, loosely ap-
pressed to spreading lower leaf surface hairs, and appressed to loosely appressed
hypanthial hairs, all such hairs being eglandular except for a very few of the
sinusal ones; such collections are Isern 583, Lechler 2061, Macbride & Feather-
stone 2181, Metcalf 30548, Raimondi 9439, and Stork & Horton 10429, Dombey
s.n, and Ferreyra /504 have very long, dense, spreading to loosely appressed
stem hairs, with gland-tipped ones more or less abundantly intermingled with
the non-glandular on the stems, lower leaf surfaces, and hypanthia; the leaves
are ovate to ovate-elliptic. Asplund 11900, Ochoa 206, Pennell 13847a, Soukup
387, and Yargas 2057 have mostly lanceolate to oblong leaves which have non-
glandular hairs beneath (except Asplund 11900) and many of the hypanthial
hairs gland-tipped; the style of Vargas 2057 is very sparsely beset with stout
spreading hairs on the basal 4. In B. microphyllum, the young leaves on the
flowering branches are elliptic to oblong, but the leaves on vegetative shoots
are ovate; the hairs on the upper leaf surfaces have exceptionally well-developed
calloused bases; only a very few stem hairs, the petal cilia, and the young
ovary hairs are gland-tipped; such collections are Bonpland s.n. and Sandeman
4118, Except for the greater pubescence density and longer free apices on the
upper leaf surface hairs, these two specimens resemble the ‘‘trianaei’’ element,
having similar scanty development of gland-tipped hairs.
Jameson s.n. (K), from Pillzhum in Ecuador, resembles B. rostratum in its ter
nate 5S-merous flowers with glandular hypanthia, but the leaves are much less pu-
bescent beneath than usual and the connective is free of the anther base 0.2 mm.;
further collections are needed to establish the status of this specimen.
43, Brachyotum lutescens (R. & P.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 48. 1871.
Rhexia lutescens R. & P. Fl. Peruv. & Chil. 3: 84. 1802.
Arthrostemma lutescens (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 3: 136. 1828.
Alifana lutescens (R. & P.) Raf. Syl. Tell. 101. 1838.
Chaetogastra lutescens (R. & P.) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 134, quoad syn. 1850.
Trichomes minutely but moderately roughened, those on the branchlets, lower
leaf surfaces, hypanthia, and sepals in part gland-tipped at least when young, on
upper leaf surface often gland-tipped. Branchlets obscurely quadrangular, very
densely hirsute with the hairs to 2-3 mm. long. Petiole 2-5 mm. Blade (8-)10-18
x (4=)6-9 mm., ovate to elliptic-ovate with the apex blunt-acute and the base ob-
tuse to subtruncate, the 3 primaries impressed above and elevated below, the 10-
15 pairs of secondaries obscurely impressed above and thinly elevated below but
hidden by the pubescence; above moderately loose-strigose, the hairs 3-6/mm.”
on very low bullae with their basal %-’4 adherent and slightly expanded and the
apical free portion to 1.5 mm. long; below moderately to densely hirsute, the hairs
9-12/mm.? and to 2 mm. long; the glands solitary and dense (40-60/mm.’). Flow-
ers predominantly 4-merous, the inflorescences and flowers otherwise as in B.
rostratum, .
Type Collection and Locality: Ruiz & Pavon s.n. (SYNTYPES presumably at
MA; isosyntypes BM, BR, F, G-BOIS, G-DEL,P); Peru, Dept. Huanuco, ‘‘in monti-
bus Chaclla ad Pifiapata et in Muna ad Tambo.’’
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 401
Type Photographs and Illustrations: Gleason 28-2 and F 16713 (destroyed syn-
type at B); Fl. Peruv. & Chil. 3: pl. 319, f. a (1802) (as Rhexia lutescens, with
5-merous flowers however).
Distribution: Dept. Huanuco, Peru, alt. 1800-3100 m.
Near Mito, Machride & Featherstone 1871 p.p. (A p.p., F p.p.), Macbride & Feather-
stone 1872 (F, G-DEL, NY, S); ‘‘Yanano,’’ Macbride 4927 (F, NY, US).
Of the 61 examinable flowers in the various collections of B. lutescens, 55
were 4-merous, and only 6 S5-merous. |
That only 2 morphologic ‘‘Urpflanzen’”’ are involved between B. lutescens and
B. rosmarinifolium seems evident from the limited series of available specimens;
one, represented by B. lutescens, is glandular-pubescent on all external surfaces
of stems, leaves, hypanthia, and calyces, the pubescence patent, the flowers 4-
merous with the connective not prolonged ventrally; the other, represented by B
rosmarinifolium, is completely eglandular on these surfaces, the pubescence
strictly appressed, and the flowers 5-merous with a prominently prolonged con-
nective. Various combinations of these characters have segregated, apparently
permanently in the wide-ranging B. rostratum. Macbride & Featherstone 1870,
1871, and 1872, from one locality, seem to represent a hybrid swarm between the
two “‘Urspecies,’’ with 1872 being ‘‘pure’’? B. lutescens. One sprig of 1870 (G-
DEL), not included in the specific description of B. lutescens, has eglandular
leaf trichomes and 4-merous flowers with onlya few gland-tipped hypanthial hairs,
but otherwise this number is a mixture of 5-merous elements; one 5-merous sprig
of this number (F) has the leaves of B. rosmarinifolium, but large patent gland-
tipped hypanthial hairs. Unfortunately there are no label notes on this puzzling
series, and the populations (?), if originally collected separately, have been in-
discriminately mixed in the specimens distributed to various herbaria.
44, Brachyotum angustifolium Wurdack, sp. nov.
Hypanthii et laminarum superficiei inferae trichomata basi sparse minuteque
muricata ceterarum partium laevia. Ramuli novelli obscure quadrangulati, cum
petiolis pedunculis pedicellisque dense longo-strigulosi. Petiolus 1-4 mm. La-
mina 7-17 x 1.5-3.5 mm. anguste oblonga apice basique obtusa, nervis primariis
3 supra impressis subtus expressis, secundariis obsoletis; supra tuberculis 5=
7/mm.’ in series 6 regulariter dispositis dense onusta, tuberculo basi 0.3-0.5 mm.
diam. abrupte setifero seta appressa 0.1-0.3 mm. longa; subtus densissime strigu-
losa 30-40/mm.’ Flores 5-meri saepe terni; dichasii pedunculus gracilis 10-20 x
0.5 mm., bracteolis ad basim dichasii 4-6 x 0.5-0.7 mm. linearibus vel leviter
spathulatis valde (ante anthesim) caducis supra glabris vel apicem versus strigu-
losis subtus modice strigulosis. Pedicellus sub bracteolis 0.5-2 mm., super 5-8
mm.; pedicelli bracteolae 2-5 x 0.2-0.7 mm. lineares uninerviae valde caducae
supra glabrae subtus sparse strigulosae. Hypanthium 4-5 x 3.5-4.5 mm. triangu-
laria vel ovato-triangularia apice acuta basi per 0.5-0.7 mm. cohaerentia sinu late
acuto. Petala 10-11 x 6-7 mm. asymmetrice obovata apice oblique truncata, cillis
glanduliferis 0.1-0.7 mm. Filamenta 5-5.5 mm.; antherae 4.5-5 mm.; connectivum
basi antherae nec producto nec libero. Stylus 20 x 0.6 mm., per 7 mm. exsertus.
Ovarium 4-5 x 2.5-3 mm. apice per 2-2.5 mm. modice Se setis pro
parte glandulosis, lobis apicalibus super loculos 0.2-0.4 mm.
Type Collection and Locality: Mathews =? (HOLOTYPE XK); Peri: Dept.
Amazonas, ‘‘Bajasan, Prov. Chachapoyas, 1835.’
Type Photograph: Gleason 27-11 (Weberbauer 4426, destroyed paratype at B).
Distribution: Dept. Amazonas, Peru, alt. 3000-3300 m.
Chachapoyas, Weberbauer 4426 (BR); without locality (but probably from Chachapoyas),
Mathews 1231 (BR).
402 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
4
B. angustifolium is closely related to B. rostratum but differs in the nearly
smooth trichomes, natrowly oblong leaves with length/width ratio greater than 3.5
(mostly greater than 4) and with constantly 6 rows of tubercles on the adaxial sur-
face, and the linear early caducous bracts; the length/width ratio is approximated
by the young leaves of part of B. rostratum (B. microphyllum), but the tubercles
in even these elements are rather irregularly arranged in 10 or more rows. B.
seorsum may be distinguished by the leaves of different shape with tubercles dis-
posed in 8 or more irregular rows, the glandular hypanthia, and the differently
shaped sepals. .
45. Brachyotum seorsum Wurdack, sp. nov. .
Trichomata minute sparseque aspera. Ramuli novelli obscure guadrangulati,
cum petiolis pedunculisque dense brevi-strigosi. Petiolus 2-4 mm. Lamina 12-
21 x 4-8 mm. elliptica apice hebeti-acuta basi acuta, nervis primariis 3 supra
impressis subtus expressis, secundariis utrinque 8-15 supra occultis subtus ex-
pressis reticulatisque; supra dense tuberculato-strigulosa, tuberculis 5-7/mm.’
sed non regulariter in lineas dispositis basi 0.4-0.5 mm. diam. apice abrupte seti-
feris seto 0.3-0.5 mm. longo; subtus densissime strigulosa. Flores plerumque 5-
meri saepe terni, flore in medio dichasii interdum aborto; pedunculus gracilis
nutans 10-20 x 0.5 mm., bracteolis ad basim dichasii 2-4 x 0.3-0.4 mm. lineari-
bus valde caducis supra glabris subtus strigulosis. Pedicellus sub bracteolis
0.5-10 mm. longus dense strigulosus super bracteolis 3-6 mm. longus glanduloso-
hirsutus; pedicelli pedunculique bracteolae eaedem. Hypanthium 5=6 x 4.5-6 mm.,
medio 0.3 mm. crassum, modice glanduloso-hirsutum, pilis 8-10/mm.’ plerumque
basibus expansibus apice abrupte setiferis seta 0.4-0.7 mm. longa glandulifera
cum pilis paucioribus (40%) appressis non-glandulosis intermixtis. Sepala 5-6 x
3.5-4 mm. lanceolata apice anguste acuta basi 0.5-0.7 mm. cohaerentia, sinu lato
rotundato. Petala 10-11 x 7-9 mm. asymmetrice obovata apice oblique truncata,
ciliis glanduliferis 0.1-0.7 mm. Filamenta 5-5.5 mm.; antherae 5=-5.5 mm.; con-
nectivum basi antherae ab anthera non liberum sed cum papilla juxtim basim 0.1-
0.15 mm. longa. Stylus 15-18 x 0.5-0.6 mm., per 5-7 mm. exsertus. Ovarium 4.5-
5 x 2.5-3 mm. apice per 1.5-2 mm. setulis conicis appressis glanduliferis modice
vestitum, lobis apicalibus super loculos 0.2=0.3 mm.
Type Collection and Locality: Camp E-5161 (HOLOTYPE NY); Ecuador, Prov.
Azuay, paramo and subparamo area north and northwest of Paramo del Castillo,
about 6-8 km. north-northeast of Sevilla de Oro, 10000-11000 ft. elev., 31 Aug.
1945. ‘‘Straggling shrubs to 4 m. (lower on paramo but just coming into bud). Lvs
deep green above, pale-ochraceous below. Hypanthium dull crimson, pubescence
nigrescent. Corolla narrowly urceolate in outline at anthesis; body of petals suf-
fused with pink, veins deep red, margins greenish-yellow.’’ Known only from the
type collection.
An analysis of the floral patterns in this species is presented in the introduc-
tion to this revision and in Figure 23. B. seorsum is related to B. angustifolium
and to B. rostratum. From the latter species, it may be differentiated by the linear
early-caducous peduncular bracteoles, the somewhat different leaf-shape, and the
generally wider sepalar sinuses with the lobes tapering evenly to the apices
rather than tending to be oblong and less acute. While having other single char-
acters in common with various elements assigned to B. rostratum, the combina-
tion in B. seorsum gives an appearance quite distinct from any of these elements.
For example, in none of the specimens of B. rostratum does there appear the com-
bination of strictly appressed non-glandular pubescence below the pedicellar
bracteoles and patent gland-tipped trichomes only above these bracteoles. The
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 403
tubercles on the older leaves of specimens of the Peruvian species‘ tend to be-
come discrete, exposing the epidermis, but in B. seorsum, the older leaves are
still completely covered with tubercles. The secondary veins are never as obvi-
ously reticulate in B. rostratum as in the Ecuadorian species.
THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
NEW YORK
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Raddi, Giuseppe. 1820. Quaranta piante nuove del Brasile raccolte e descrite. Mem. Soc.
Ital. Sci. (Fis.) 18: 382-414. pl. 5.
Rafinesque, C. S. 1818. Flora Americae septentrionalis...By Frederick Pursh. [review. |
(continued.) Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 265=269.
1838. Sylva telluriana. 1-184.
Ruiz, Hipdlito. 1940. Travels of Ruiz, Pavon, and Dombey in Peru and Chile (1777~1788).
Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 21: 1-372.
404 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
.
Ruiz, Hipolito & Pavon, J. A. 1802. Flora peruviana, et chilensis 3: I-XXIV, 1-95. pi.
223-325.
Schumacher, H. A. 1873. José Jeronimo Triana. Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen 3: 393-403.
Sherborn, C. D. & Woodward, B. B. 1901. The dates of Humboldt and Bonpland’s ‘'Voyage.’’
Jour. Bot. 39: 202-206.
Sleumer, Hermann. 1949. The botanical gardens and museum at Berlin-Dahlem. Kew Bull.
1949: 172-175.
Swartz, O. P. 1800. Flora Indiae occidentalis 2: 641-1230. pl. 16-29.
Triana, J. J» 1865. Dispositio Melastomacearum. Int. Bot. & Hort. Cong. 1865 Bull.
457-461.
_.______. 1867. Melastomaceae. In: Bentham, G. & Hooker, J. D. Genera plantarum 1:
725=773.
1871. Les Melastomacées. Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 1-188. pl. 1-7.
Ule, E. H. G. 1895. Ueber die Blutheneinrichtungen von Purpurella cleistoflora, einer
neuen Melastomacee. Ber. Deuts. Bot. Ges. 13: 415-420. pi. 1.
Weberbauer, August. 1945. El mundo vegetal de los Andes peruanos, estudio fitogeo-
grafico. I=XIX, 1=776. pl. 1, 1A, 2-5, 5A, 6-40.
Wolf, Teodoro. 1892. Carta geographica del Ecuador.
INDEX TO EXSICCATAE
A. Numerical Order of bi
1. B. quinquenerve 14, B. ledifolium 31. B. confertum
a. var. quinquenerve 15. B. weberbaueri 32. B. cogniauxii
b. var. pusillum 16. B. gracilescens 33. B. trichocalyx
2. B. campanulare 17. B. fraternum 34, B. ecuadorense
3. B. benthamianum 18. B. rugosum 35. B. fictum
4, B. andreanum 19. B. microdon 36. B. multituberculatum
5. B. campit 20. B. sanguinolentum 37. B. lymphatum
6. B. rotundifolium 21. B. grisebachii 38. B. markgra fii
7. B. parvifolium 22. B. huancavelicae 39. B. lycopodioides
8. B. barbeyanum 23. B. nutans 40. B, rosmarinifolium
9. B. intermedium 24. B. naudinti 41. B. figueroae
10. B. radula 25. B. tyrianthinum 42. B. rostratum
ll. B. maximowiczii 26. B. cernuum 43, B. lutescens
a. var. maximowiczil 27. B. lindenii 44, B; angustifolium
b. var. longifolium 28. B. alpinum 45. B. seorsum
12. B. racemosum 29. B. strigosum
13.B. gleasonii 30. B. jamesonii
B. Collectors and Collections
Initials only are cited for given names of well-known collectors. For recent Latin
American natives or Spaniards, names as complete as possible, including matronymics,
are given.
Acosta Solis, Misael. 5107 (35); 6278 (28); 6616, 7116 (14); 7231 (28); 7533, 7534, 8062
(14% 8299 (27); 8737 (14); 9075 (16); 10546 (27); 11039, 11345 (14).
Andre, Edouard F. 556 (14); 817 (27); 1018 (14); 1075 (27); 1084, 1261 (29); 1464 (14);
4501 (6); s.n. (4).
Anthony, H; E,:& Late, Gs Be2r, 352x414);
Ariste Joseph, Fr. A292 (29).
Asplund, Erik. 1803, 1845 (19); 6371, 6926, 8632 (14); 10393 (27); 11900 (42); 12861,
13512 Ga).
Balls, E. K. 5773 (14); B6249, B6277 (19); B6714 (23); B6813 (la); B6894, B6928 (24).
Bang, Miguel. 695 (19); 2860 (20); sen. (19).
Barkley, Fred A., Garcia y Barriga, Hernando, & Vanegas, R. 17C804 (29).
Bonpland, A. J. A. s.n. (2, 4, 14, 26, 29, 30, 31, 42).
Bridges, Thomas. s.n. (19). ’
Buchtien, Otto. 219, 2916 (19); 4001 (21).
Burkart, Arturo Erardo & Troncoso, Nelida S. 11264 (19).
Camp, W. H. E-71 (2); E-302 (14); E-433 (31); E-1629 (5); E-1994 (31); E-1998A, E-1998B
(30); E-2098 (31); E-2278 (30); E-4118 (13); E-4203 (31); E-4586 (16); E-4852 (35);
E-4871 (17); E-5161 (45).
1953] REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM 405
Cardenas, Martin. 1315, 3056, 3214, 3981 (19).
Carriker, M. A., Jr. s.n. (19).
. Castillon, Leon. 399, 538, 9378, 9474 (19).
Cook, O. F. & Gilbert, G. B. 720 (24); 1171 (la); 1244 (23); 1861 (21).
Core, E. L. 58 (14); 377 (27); 907 (26).
Couthouy, J. P. s.n. (14, 28).
Cuatrecasas Arumi, Jose. 38, 432 (29); 2834 (27); 9422, 9523 (29); 11823, 14667 (14);
14700, 20039 (27); 19034 (37).
Cuming, Hugh. s.n. (19).
Dawe, Morley T. 18 (29).
Dombey, Joseph. s.n. (24, 42).
Drew, William B. E-289 (27).
Dryander, Editha I. 1074, 1728, 2715 (14).
Duque Jaramillo, Josée Maria. 2759-A (29).
Espinosa, Reinaldo. E1437 (16); E2003 (4); 3137 (14).
Ewan, Joseph A. 16330 (27); 16332 (26); 16385 (14).
Eyerdam, Walter J. 25368 (19).
Ferreyra Huerta, Ramon Alejandro. 1231 (la); 1267 (32); 1713, 1732, 1795, 2113 (la);
2795, 3291 (24); 3607, 3759 (la); 7504 (42); 8078, 8182 (1a).
Fiebrig-Gertz, Karl. 2458 (19).
Firmin, G. 197 (14).
Fosberg, F. R. 20825 (14); 22025 (29).
Fosberg, F. R. & Giler, Manuel A. 22648 (30).
Fries, K. R. E. 1283 (19).
Garcia y Barriga, Hernando. 11683, 11940 (29).
Garganta, Miguel de. 476 (27).
Gay, Claude. s.n. (21, 24).
Goudot, Justin. s.n. (29).
Gutierrez Villegas, Gabriel. 106 (29).
Hall, Francis. 3 (28); 20 (14).
Harling, Gunnar. 852 (31).
. Hartweg, Carl T. 737 (3); 1003 (26, 27).
Haught, Oscar L. 2947 (14); 3329 (31); 5009 (29); 5108 (14); 5635, 5694 (29).
Heinrichs, Erica. 601 (14); 877 (28).
Herrera y Garmendia, Fortunato Luciano. 1559, 1964, 3208, 3224 (la); 3342a (23); s.n. (24).
meroe, I. K. J. 1913 (19).
Hill, Arthur W. 153 (24),
Hitchcock, Albert S. 20778 (14); 20792 (27); 21548 (31); 21550 (2); 21649 (31).
Holmgren, Ivar A. 501 (14); 878 (27).
Holton, Isaac F. 911 (14); 912 (29),
Isern, Juan. 583 (42).
Jameson, William. 22 (30); 193 (28); 262, 531 (14); s.n. (2, 3, 4, 14, 28, 30, 31, 33).
Julio, Fr. 325 (19).
Karsten, Gustav K. W. H. s.n. (14, 29).
Killip, E. P. & Smith, A. C. 22272, 22333, 24131, 24448 (la).
Krukoff, B. A. 11467 (21).
Lechler, Wilibald. 1856 (21); 1857 (20); 2061 (42).
Lehmann, F. C. 184 (14); 2402 (29); 4922 (3); 5794 (30); 6025 (37); 6377, 8650 (14); s.n.
(35).
_Linden, J. J. 777 (29); 820 (14); 925 (27).
Lobb, William. 230 (35); s.n. (19, 25).
Macbride, J. F. 3572, 4858 (la); 4927 (43); 4940 (la).
Macbride, J. F. & Featherstone, William. 1438 (25); 1870 (40, 43); 1871 (42, 43); 1872
(43); 2092 (25); 2181 (42); 2504 (41).
Maclean, John. s.n. (la).
Mandon, Gilbert. 639 (21); 640 (20, 21); 641 (19).
Marin, Herbario de. 1610 (20).
Mathews, Andrew. 45H (lla); 46H (32); 47H (lla); 1170 (la); 1231, 1253 (44); 1254 (39);
foe 052); 127641 la), §257, 1258 (1b); 1259 (24); 1260 (11a); 3210 (9,, 10); s.n.. (8,
10, ila).
Metcalf, R. D. 30458 (42); 30492 (21); 30537 (20).
Mexia, Ynes E. J. 6803 (14); 7492 (27); 7527, 7711 (14).
Nichols, Henry W. & Eggers. s.n. (19).
Niemeyer, Emestine. 119, 217 (29).
Ochoa, C. 206 (42); 725 (22).
406 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 4
\.
O’Donell, Carlos A. 4880 (19),
Pachano, Abelardo.’178 (14).
Pearce, Richard W. 709 (19); s.n. (la, 19, 20, 21, 38).
Penland, Charles W. T. & Summers, Robert H. 325 (28); 339 (14); 866 (27); 1094 (31).
Pennell, F. W. 2207 (29); 2409, 7072, 7087 (14); 13847 (23); 13847a (42); 15530 (24);
15660 (32); 15730 (lla); 15760 (32); 15772 (1b); 15786 (lla); 15841 (7); 15842 (8);
15843 (32); 15854 (39); 15857 (11b); 15877 (32).
Pennell, F. W. & Hazen, T. E. 9990 (27).
Pennell, F. W. & Killip, E. P. 6567 (27).
Pentland, Joseph B. s.n. (19).
Perez Arbelaez, Enrique. 1020 (29).
Perez Arbelaez, Enrique & Cuatrecasas Arumi, Jose. 5901 (14),
Perez Arbelaez, Enrique & Romero Castaneda, Rafael. 1303 (29).
Philipson, William R., Idrobo, Jesus Maria, & Fernandez, A. 2463 (29).
Pittier de Fabrega, Henri F. 1343 (14).
Prieto, Francisco. P-307 (34).
Purdie, William. s.n. (14, 29).
Raimondi, Antonio. 1902 (32); 2312 (1b); 3012 (12); 3152 (24); 3292 (10); 3841, 4711 (1b);
7238, 8784 (la); 8939 (21); 9439 (42); 9578 (la); 10202 (22).
Rimbach, August. 9 (14); 21 (28); 82 (14); 137 (28); 236 (14); 352 (13).
Rivero, Mariano Eduardo de. 95 (1a).
Rodriguez, S. 14 (29).
Rorud, Borghild. s.n. (14).
Rose, J. N., Pachano, Abelardo, & Rose, G. M. 23003 (30); 23094 (33).
Rose, J. N. & Rose, G. M. 22765 (30); 22788 (31).
Rowlee, Willard W. & Mixter, George. 1127 (14).
Ruiz, Hipolito & Pavon, José Antonio. s.n. (la, 14, 28, 40, 43).
Rusby, H. H. 2340 (19).
Rusby, H. H. & Pennell, F. W. 1287 (29).
Sandeman, Christopher. 52 (32); 53 (14); 57 (39); 97 (1a); 110 (27); 3586 (la); 4118 (42);
4163 (la); 4177, 4197 (12); 4291 (24); 4368 (la); 4610 (24); 5109 (25); 5169 (la); 5709
(27); 5959 (29).
Sawada, M. P89 (25).
Schimpff, H. J. F. 802 (14).
Schultes, Richard E. 4067 (29).
Schultes, Richard E. & Jaramillo Majia, Roberto. 3179 (29).
Schultes, Richard E. & Villarreal V., Mardoqueo. 7528 (14); 7952.(27); 7999 (14).
Scolnik, Rosa. 836, 1052 (la); 1323 (25); 1534 (14); 1542 (28).
Sheety’ Berthold C. 773.1 (2); 773bis (3); 774.1 (31).
Sneidern, Kjell von. 1832 (14); 1833, 1834 (27); 1835, 2457 (14).
Sodiro, Luis. 466 (28); 467 (27); 468 (14); 469 (13); 470 (31); 471la, 471b (14); 4736 (13).
Soukup, Jaroslaw. 379 (23); 387 (42); 736 (24).
Spruce, Richard. 5147 (14); 6031 (30); 6084 (16).
Stafford, Dora. 990 (23).
Steinbach Kemmerich, Jose. 5948, 8512, 8667 (19).
Steyermark, J. A. 52348 (14); 53193 (30); 54316 (18).
Stork, Harvey E. & Horton, Ovid B. 9962 (24); 10023 (10); 10141 (1b); 10218 (24); 10295
(22); 10429 (42); 10763 (24).
Tates'G. H. H. 187a (19); 331, 362 (20); 461 (28) 660a, 860 (19); 861 (20).
Tirana, J. J. sin: (26,227; 29).
Tutin, T..G. 1318 €1a).
Vargas Calderon, Cesar. 319 (21); 320 (23); 389 (24); 801 (1a); 2057 (42); 9708 (20, 21).
Ventenat, E. P., Herbarium of. s.n. (14, 29).
Weberbauer, August. 626 (20); 2072 (38); 2218 (42); 4013, 4030 (10); 4170 (12); 4399 (38,
39); 4405 (15); 4406 (7); 4426 (44); 5484, 5540 (24).
Weddell, Hugh A. 3783, 3784 (19); 4605 (20); 4772 (21); s.n. (19).
Werdermann, Erich. 2015 (19).
West, James (Ratibor, E. V. M. K. M. von). 3622 (24); 3766 (21); nes (la); 7034 (23).
White, Orland E. 151 (19).
Wiggins, Ira L. 10363, 11027 (14).
Williams, Llewelyn. 7572 (1b); 7587 (36).
Williams, Robert S. 838 (21); 2471 (19).
Woronow, Georg N. & Juzepcezuk, Sergei V. 5099 (29).
Woytkowski, Felix L. 326 (40).
Yepes Agredo, Silvio. 242 (14).
1953]
REVISION OF BRACHYOTUM
407
INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Previously published names which are accepted in this revision are indicated by Ro-
man type; new names published herein are set in boldface type; and synonyms are in italic.
Alifana, 344
canescens, 371
lutescens, 400
striata, 388
Arthrostemma, 344, 356
campanulare, 362
lutescens, 400
quinquenerve, 360
rosmarinifolia, 397
Bolina, 344
conferta, 391
Brachyotum, 356
alpinum, 387
andreanum, 364
angustifolium, 401
asperum, 367
barbeyanum, 366
barbiferum, 378
benthamianum, 363
callosum, 398
campanulare, 362
campii, 364
campylanthum, 391
canescens, 371
cernuum, 385
cogniauxii, 392
confertum, 390
ecuadorense, 393
fictum, 394
figueroae, 398
floribundum, 378
fraternum, 375 ..
gracilescens, 374
gleasonii, 370
grisebachii, 380
hermannioides, 376
huancavelicae, 381
intermedium, 367
jamesonii, 390
ledifolium, 371
lindenii, 386
lutescens, 400
lycopodioides, 396
lymphatum, 395
markgrafii, 395
maximowiczii, 368
var. longifolium, 369
var. maximowiczii,
369
microdon, 376
microphyllum, 398
minimum, 396
multituberculatum, 394
naudinii, 382
nutans, 382
parvifolium, 366
pedicellatum, 378
pentlandii, 376
quinquenerve, 360
var. pusillum, 361
var. quinquenerve,
360
racemosum, 369
radula, 367
riveti, 386
rosmarinifolium, 397
rostratum, 398
rotundifolium, 365
rugosum, 376
sanguinolentum, 378
seorsum, 402
setosum, 376
strictum, 388
strigosum, 388
var. tolimensis, 386
sulphureum, 371
trianaei, 398
trichocalyx, 392
tyrianthinum, 384
weberbaueri, 373
Chaetogastra, 343, 356
bonplandiana, 371
campanularis, 362
canescens, 371
cernua, 385
conferta, 390
goudotii, 388
hermannioides, 376
lutescens, 400
microdon, 376
microphylla, 398
pentlandii, 376
quinquenervis, 360
rosmarinifolia, 397
rostrata, 398
sanguinolenta, 378
stricta, 388
sulphurea, 371
Lasiandra, 344
ledifolia, 371
Melastoma
ledifolia, 371
strigosa, 388
Osbekia
cernua, 385
Pleroma, 344
ledifolium, 371
Rhexia, 344
campanularis, 362
canescens, 371
cernua, 385
conferta, 390
lutescens, 400
quinquenervis, 360
rosmarinifolia, 397
stricta, 388
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pages. 1920. $6.25.
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pages, 601 figures. 1932. $6.00.
Plants of the Vicinity of New York, by Henry Allan Gleason. 284 pages, illustrated.
1935. $2.00.
The New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern United States and
Adjacent Canada, by Henry Allan Gleason. Including descriptions and illustrations of 4660
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North American Cariceae, by Kenneth Kent Mackenzie. 539 figures of Carex and re-
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Keys to the North American Species of Carex, by Kenneth Kent Mackenzie. From
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volume. t
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MEMOIRS OCT 7 .1965
KRIEA, Wei?
AML. vy i OO a4 <
OF .
VoL. 8, No. 5
Plants Collected by the Vernay Nyasaland Expedition of 1946 (continued)
J. P. M. Brenan and Collaborators 409
Issued 27 February 1954
PRINTED BY
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Vol. 8, No. 5 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN February 27, 195
PLANTS COLLECTED BY THE VERNAY NYASALAND EXPEDITION OF 1946
(Continued from Page 256)
J. P. Ms BRENAN AND COLLABORATORS
LEGUMINOSAE (Continued)
Amphicarpa africana (Hook. f.) Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 17: 136. 1921; Bak. f.
Leg. Trop. Afr. 354. 1929; Robyns, Fl. Parc Nat. Albert 1: 339. pl. 32. 1948.
Shuteria africana Hook. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 7: 190. 1864.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, occasional in rain-forest regrowths, vine 1 m.
high, flowers dark purple, 1450 m., June 3, 1946, 16185; occasional in grasslands,
vine 1 m. high, flowers purple, 1500 m., June 5, 1946, 16244. Abyssinia, Belgian
Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika Territory, and Nyasaland; also on the Came-
roon Mountain in West Africa.
My colleague Mr. H. K. Airy-Shaw tells me that he considers there to be no
justification for the rather arbitrary alteration of Elliott’s original spelling (Am-
phicarpa) into Amphicarpaea made by De Candolle (Mém. Leg. 9: 360. 1825) on
account of the supposedly adjectival, not substantival, ending of Amphicarpa.
Erythrina abyssinica Lam. Encyc. 2: 392. 1786; Louis, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 13:
306. 1935.
Erythrina tomentosa R. Br. in Salt, Voy. Abyss. Append. 65. 1814, nomen nudum; R.
Br. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 213, 1847, cum descr.; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr.
373. 1929.
Kota-kota District: Kasabula’s Village, sporadic on formerly cultivated land,
tree 10-20 m. tall and 40-GO cm. in diameter, very thick pale brown corky bark
and dense shapely crown, branches with or without scattered short prickles, leaves
deciduous or semi-deciduous, flowers red, appearing before the leaves, 1000 m.,
Aug. 3, 1946, 17114. Native name (Chinyanja), mlindimila. Eastern and central
tropical Africa from the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan southwards to Nyasaland and S.
Rhodesia.
Mucuna stans Welw. ex Bak. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 187. 1871; Bak. f. Leg.
Trop. Afr. 381. 1929.
Mucuna erecta Bak. Kew Bull. 1895: 65. 1895; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 381. 1929.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, occasional in Brachystegia woodland,
shrub about 1 m. high, branches weak, not climbing, leaves greyish, flowers
bronze-green, 1350 m., Aug. 1, 1946, 17079. Ubangi-Shari, British and French
Cameroons, Belgian Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika Territory, Nyasaland,
N. Rhodesia, and Angola.
Physostigma mesoponticum Taub. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 12: 81. 1894; Bak. f.
Leg. Trop. Afr. 386. 1929; Milne-Redhead, Hook. Ic. Pl. 33: pl. 3214. 1933.
Kota-kota District: Kota-kota, bare places in grass country, shrub 90-120 cm.
high, flowers purple, 460 m., Aug. 7, 1946, Shortridge 17392. Chia area, occa-
sional in sandy woodlands and lake-plain, shrub 50-80 cm. high, stems numerous,
409
410 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
young, usually leafless shoots flowering after grass is burned, flowers pink, 480
m., Sept. 3, 1946, 17515. Belgian Congo, Tanganyika Territory, Portuguese East
es, Nyasaland, N. Rhodesia, and Angola.
Vigna nilotica (Del.) Hook. f. Niger Fl. 311. 1849; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 404.
1929.
Dolichos niloticus Del. Fl. Egypte 253. pl. 38. 1812.
Kota-kota District: Benga, Lake Nyasa, plentiful on sandy lake-shores, vine
1-2 m., flowers yellow, 470 m., Sept. 2, 1946, 17484. Egypt and Syria, southwards
through east Africa to Portuguese East Africa, Nyasaland, and possibly N.
Rhodesia.
I am very indebted to my colleague Mr. R. B. Drummond for giving me the cor-
rect name for this plant.
Vigna dekindtiana Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 30: 93. 1901; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 407.
1929.
Zomba District: Zomba, in Brachystegia woodlands on mountain slopes, not
common, small trailing vine, more or less scabrid, flowers purple, rather showy,
1100 m., May 26, 1946, 16028*. Zomba Plateau, twining in tall grass, vine about
ms bet sipwece bluish-purple, conspicuous, 1400 m., June 11, 1946, 16331.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, occasional in rain-forest regrowths, vine 3 m.
high, flowers purple, standard brown below, 1200 m., Sept. 22, 1946, 17735. Proba-
bly widely distributed in tropical Africa.
This is what has been called the wild form in Africa of the cow pea, Vigna
unguiculata (L.) Walp. [V. sinensis (L.) Savi ex Hassk., V. catjang (L.) Walp.].
This is the view of C. V. Piper (U. S. Dep. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Circ. 124: 32. 1913;
U. S. Dep. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull. 229. 1912) and Harms {in Engl. Pflanzenw.
Afr. 3(1): 687. 1915]. This may well be true, but on account of the narrow de-
hiscent pods of V. dekindtiana, I feel that it is better kept as a distinct species.
I thought that the correct name for V. dekindtiana might prove to be V. alba
(Don) Planch. ex Bak. f., described from S. Tomé. The type, at the British Mu-
seum (Natural History), lacks flowers, but there are other later specimens—G.
Watt 7096, Exell 43, 52—-of what is no doubt the same species, also from S.
Tomé. These have small flowers 17-19 mm. long and very small calyces 4-5 mm.
long, including the 1.5-2 mm.-long teeth. Although V. alba is probably not en-
demic to S. Tome, I feel it better at present to keep it separate from the large-
flowered V. dekindtiana, although later research may show that the differences
are only varietal.
Another source of trouble is the South African Vigna triloba Walp. (Dolichos
trilobus Thunb. non L.) This also is I think at present to be kept apart from V.
dekindtiana, though I am anything but confident about it. Exell (Cat. Vasc. Pl. S.
Tome, 163. 1944) was uncertain whether V. triloba and V. alba were or were not
conspecific.
This complex of species urgently requires critical revision.
Vigna ? gazensis Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 409. 1929.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, southwest ridge, in rocky grassland, vine
trailing in grass, flowers purple, 2120 m., June 28, 1946, 16509; Luchenya Pla-
teau, twining on brushy growths in a forest-clearing, vine, flowers purple, 1890 m.,
July 12, 1946, 16803. S. Rhodesia and ? Nyasaland.
More material, including fruits, is wanted from both countries before the iden-
tity of the Nyasaland plant can be really certain. A specimen in Herb. Kew. (Purves
60, Mlanje Mountain, Tuchila Plateau, 1830 m., Aug. 1901, a blue-flowered
climber) is clearly the same species as the plants collected by Mr. Brass.
1954) PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 411
Vigna nuda N. E. Br. Kew Bull. 1901: 121. 1901; Bak f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 415.
1929; Milne-Redhead, Hook. Ic. Pl. 33: pl. 3213, 1933.
Dedza District: Dedza, sporadic in Brachystegia woodland, training vine,
young shoots flowering after burning of the grass, rootstock woody, flowers pur-
ple, showy, 1500 m., Sept. 13, 1946, 17629. Belgian Congo, N. and S. Rhodesia,
and now new to Nyasaland.
Vigna esculenta (De Wild.) De Wild. ex Dur. Syll. Fl. Congo. 151. 1909; Bak. f.
Leg. Trop. Afr. 415. 1929.
Liebrechtsia esculenta De Wild. Ann. Mus. Congo Bot. IV. 74. pl. 25, f.1-10. 1902.
Kasungu District: Kasungu, one example in Brachystegia woodland, vine climb-
ing to 3 m., deciduous, leafless, twining, flowers purple, 1000 m., Aug. 27, 1946,
17438. Belgian Congo, N. and S. Rhodesia, and now new to Nyasaland.
Psophocarpus palustris Desv. Ann. Sci. Nat. 9: 420. 1826; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr.
426. 1929.
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, occasional on sandy beaches, trail-
ing vine, flowers blue, 180 m., Oct. 6, 1946, 18005. Widespread in tropical Africa,
also in Madagascar, the Mascarenes, and tropical Asia; it occurs in Brazil but is
probably not native.
Dolichos L. Blue- or purple-flowered species.
Dolichos formosus Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 223. 1847; Bak. f.
Leg. Trop. Afr. 448. 1929.
Dolichos shuterioides Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 262. 1897; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 449.
1929.
Rhynchosia sphaerocephala Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 264. 1897.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, common in shrubberies bordering lower
montane forest, vine 2 m. high, flowers purple, later blue, 1600 m., July 26, 1946,
16956, Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, plentiful in rain-forest regrowths, shrub
2-3 m. high, flowers violet, 1200 m., Sept. 25, 1946, 17809, Eritrea and Abyse
sinia, southwards to Nyasaland and S. Rhodesia; also in the Belgian Congo.
Dolichos L. Climbing or trailing species with creamy, yellow, or greenish flowers.
A few of Mr. Brass’ gatherings belong to this group. The name D. biflorus L.
has been freely used by botanists for various plants with creamy, yellow, or
greenish flowers, and so indiscriminately that I found it impossible to name Mr.
Brass’ plants satisfactorily until I had tried to reclassify the whole group. As a
result I am putting forward the following very tentative scheme.
The pods are of the greatest importance, and must be seen in order to gain a
clear idea of the species. Realising, however, that many herbarium specimens
lack pods, I have tried to construct an alternative key to cope with this.
To give a complete enumeration of all the specimens that I have seen for ev-
ery species would consume too much space here, so I have usually contented my-
self with merely a selection, all unless it is otherwise stated to be found in the
Kew Herbarium. I am greatly indebted to Prof. Dr. R. E. G. Pichi-Sermolli, Isti-
tuto Botanico, Florence, for sending me various specimens on loan from the Her:
barium Universitatis Florentinae, including the type of D. benadirianus Chiov.
Key to Plants bearing both Pods and Flowers
Pods 3=5.5 mm. wide: ,
Pods long and very narrow, 4-8 cm. long, 2-3.5 m. wide; slender climb-
ing herb, annual or sometimes perennial; leaflets ovate-oblong to nar-
rowly oblong or lanceolate; flowers yellow, 6-11 mm. long; calyx-
teeth subulate-lanceolate, lower 5~7 mm. long. 10. D. stenophyllus.
412 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
Pods broader, 3.5=-5 mm. wide, short or long.
Pods normally distinctly falcate towards apex, their sides pubescent
with a mixture of very short and much longer silky hairs, or else
glabrous; flowers small, 7-11 mm. long.
Calyx-teeth all 1-2 mm. long; tertiary venation on lower side of leaf-
lets raised; very slender annual herb, green and glabrescent,
with small cream to greenish-yellow flowers 9=11 mm. long. 4. D. sp.
Lower calyx-tooth 46 mm. long; tertiary venation on lower side of
leaflets not raised; a slender climbing herb, + pubescent or some-
times subglabrous; leaflets mostly short, ovate to obovate, ob-
tuse or rounded rarely subacute at apex; flowers small, cream to
yellow, 7-10(-—11) mm. long. 2b. D. uniflorus var. stenocarpus.
Pods straight or almost so, glabrous or very shortly pubescent; flowers
medium, 12—15 mm. long when expanded.
Petioles short, 0.5=1.5(=2.3) cm.; leaflets small, 1=4 cm. long, vari-
able in shape, usually rounded at apex; prostrate or rarely climb-
ing herb; calyx 5-9 mm. long, teeth narrowly triangular to subu-
late, 3—7 mm. long; flowers pale yellow or cream; pod 2.2=4 cm.
long, 3.524.5 mm. wide. 8. D. chrysanthus.
Petioles long, 3 cm. or more; leaflets larger, mostly 4-6 cm. long,
elliptic to oblong; calyx 5=6 mm. long, teeth triangular, 2-4 mm.
long Lif calyx-teeth elongate 4-6 mm. long with subulate-filiform
points, then see 9, D. brevicaulis Bak; flowers greenish to
cream; pod 6=7 cm. long, 5 mm. wide. : 7. D. oliganthus.
Pods (5=)6—8.5 mm. wide.
Lower paired stipels on each leaf 4-8 mm. long, usually twice as long as
the lateral petiolules, brown; flowers medium, 12-15 mm. long when
expanded.
Pods short, 2.5=3.5 cm. long, very shortly pointed at base and apex;
leaflets mostly obtusely pointed or rarely subacute, with an apical
mucro 0.5=1 mm. long, elliptic to lanceolate, rather strongly tri-
nerved at base. 6. D. taubertii.
Pods much longer, 5=6 cm. long, attenuate at base and apex; leaflets
all obovate, rounded at apex, with apical mucro 1-3 mm. long but
sometimes less. 5. D. rupestris.
Lower paired stipels on each leaf 1—3(—4) mm. long, not as much as twice
as long as the lateral petiolules, filiform. .
Lower and lateral sepals quickly attenuate into long filiform points two
to several times longer than the expanded basal part of the teeth;
flowers pale to greenish-yellow.
Flowers small, up to 10 mm. long, rarely as much as 12=13 mm.;
slender herbs, probably always annual; leaflets ovate; pods
slightly but distinctly falcate.
Pods (under a lens) densely clothed on sides with very fine non-
tubercle-based hairs; only a rare introduction in Africa.
2a. D. uniflorus var. uniflorus.
Pods (under a lens) rather sparsely clothed on sides with stiffer,
fragile, setiform, tubercle-based hairs, with an ‘‘under-storey’’
of minute hairs; sepals with longer filiform points than last. 3. D. daltoni.
Flowers medium to large, 13=18 mm. long; flowering shoots erect,
later producing trailing lateral shoots; leaflets obovate, drying
greyish; pods (only immature pods known) about 6 mm. wide. 9. D. brevicaulis.
Lower and lateral sepals acuminate, not filiform-pointed, acumen up to
14 times as long as expanded basal part of teeth; perennials, often
with thinly woody stems; flowers medium to large, 12—24 mm. long.
Stems with usually sparse sometimes dense appressed pubescence
intermediates occur between this and la, var. axillaris|; flowers
13-20 mm. long; fruits usually rather long-beaked, beak about 5=
15 mm. long. : lc. D. axillaris var. glaber.
Stems with dense spreading pubescence; fruits pubescent, usually
with short beaks 3=—5(=7) mm. long.
Flowers medium, 12~15 mm. long; calyx 4~7 mm. long.
la. D. axillaris var. axillaris.
Flowers large, 15-24 mm. long; calyx 7-12 mm. long.
lb. D. axillaris var. macranthus.
*
ae
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 413
Key to Plants lacking Pods
Lower paired stipels on each leaf 4-8 mm. long, often, but not always, twice
as long as the lateral petiolules, brown; flowers medium, 12—15 mm.
long when expanded.
Leaflets all obovate, rounded at apex, with an apical mucro usually 1-3
mm. long but sometimes less. 5. D. rupestris.
Leaflets mostly elliptic to lanceolate, obtusely pointed or rarely subacute
at apex, with an apical mucro 0.5=<1 mm. long, rather strongly tri-
nerved at base; leaflets conspicuously margined with short white pu-
bescence (if not so then compare no. 7). 6. D. taubertii.
Lower paired stipels on each leaf 1—3(—4) mm. long, not as much as twice
as long as the lateral petiolules, filiform.
Flowers small, about 6—11 mm. long when expanded.
Calyx-teeth 1=2 mm. long; plant green and glabrescent; tertiary vena-
tion on lower side of leaflets raised. 4.D.sp.
Calyx-teeth 3 mm. long or more, rarely only 2 mm. and then plant
densely pubescent without raised tertiary venation on lower side
of leaves.
Upper and lateral calyx-teeth quickly attenuate into long filiform
points 4—6 mm. long and two to several times as long as the ex-
panded basal part of the teeth.
Leaflets puberulous above with short hairs, narrow, oblong to lan-
ceolate, tending to be parallel-sided. 10. D. stenophyllus.
Leaflets with numerous much longer hairs above, mostly ovate to
elliptic.
Calyx-teeth conspicuously long-filiform; native plant. 3. D. daltoni.
Calyx-teeth less attenuate; introduced only. 2a. D. uniflorus var. uniflorus.
Calyx-teeth acute or acuminate, not or only shortly filiform-pointed,
acumen up to 2=4 mm. long and up to 1% times as long as the
broadened basal part of the teeth.
Leaflets mostly narrow, oblong to lanceolate, tending to be par-
allel-sided, hairs on upper surface short. 10. D. stenophyllus.
Leaflets mostly broad, ovate to obovate or broadly elliptic, not in
the least parallel-sided, hairs on upper surface mostly longer
than last. 2a & 2b. D. uniflorus var. uniflorus. (introduced in
Africa) and var. stenocarpus (native); the vars.
not safely distinguishable without fruits.
Flowers medium to large, 12-24 mm. long.
Plants. climbing or twining; stems becoming thinly woody; leaflets
mostly ovate, narrowed to a blunt or obtuse apex, variable in size,
mostly less than 4 cm. long, venation beneath not raised.
Upper and lateral calyx-teeth quickly attenuate into long filiform
points 4—G mm. long and 2=several times as long as the ex-
panded basal part of the teeth. 3. D. daltoni.
Calyx-teeth acute or acuminate, not or only shortly filiform-pointed,
acumen 2=4 mm. long and up to 1% times as long as the ex-
panded basal part of the teeth.
Stems with usually sparse sometimes dense appressed pubescence
intermediates occur between this and la, var. axillaris];
flowers 13-20 mm. long; fruits usually rather long-beaked,
beak about 5-15 mm. long. lc. D. axillaris var. glaber.
Stems with dense spreading pubescence; fruits pubescent, usually
with short beaks 3=5(=7) mm. long.
Flowers medium, 12-15 mm. long; calyx 4=7 mm. long. .
la. D. axillaris var. axillaris.
Flowers large, 15-24 mm. long; calyx 7-12 mm. long.
lb. D. axillaris var, macranthus.
Plants prostrate or rarely climbing, usually herbaceous; leaflets with
venation raised beneath and very commonly rounded at apex.
Petioles short, 0.5=1.5(=2.3) cm.; leaflets small, 1=4 cm. long, vari-
able in shape, usually rounded at apex; flowering shoots pros-
trate or twining; calyx 5—9 mm. long, teeth narrowly triangular to
subulate, 3-7 mm. long. 8. D. chrysanthus.
:
|
|
414 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
1
Petioles long, (2=)3 cm. or more; leaflets larger, mostly 4-6 cm.
long, elliptic to oblong or obovate (sometimes leaflets smaller,
but then flowering shoots erect).
Calyx 5=6 mm. long, teeth triangular, 2—4 mm. long; leaflets mostly
elliptic to oblong. 7.D. oliganthus.
Calyx 7-9 mm. long, teeth 4-6 mm. long, quickly narrowed into
long subulate-filiform points; leaflets mostly obovate to ob-
lanceolate, drying a characteristic greyish tint. 9. D. brevicaulis.
In the following account the species and varieties not represented in Mr.
Brass’ collection are enclosed in brackets.
[la. Dolichos axillaris E. Mey. Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 1: 144 (1835=36) var.
axillaris.
Harms (Bot. Jahrb. 26: 312, 313. 1899) discusses the concept of Dolichos bi-
florus at some length, and concludes that D. axillaris E. Mey. is a synonym of D,
biflorus—a conclusion since generally accepted, although, I am convinced,
incorrect.
D. axillaris in its wide sense is the commonest of the African species in the
“D, biflorus’’ complex. It is normally recognisable without difficulty by its large
flowers 12 mm. or more long, by its perennial climbing habit, short stipels,
shortly acuminate sepals and broad pods 6=8.5 mm.-wide.
Typical D. axillaris is found in Nigeria (Lely 578), Belgian Congo (Lebrun
9743), Eritrea (Pappi 4715, Herb. Florent.), Abyssinia (Cufodontis 568, Herb.
Florent.), Uganda (Maitland 109, Chandler 1382, Purseglove 583, 3044), Kenya
(Mrs. Brodburst-Hill 485), Tanganyika Territory (St. Clair-Thompson 746, Gillman
510), Angola (Pearson 2238), Natal (Drege s.n., Rudatis 636). It is also found in
Madagascar (Lyall 118, Baron 892).|
lb. Dolichos axillaris E. Mey. var. macranthus Brenan, var. nov.
A D. axillari typico, cujus caules patentim vel subdeflexe pubescentes prae-
bet, floribus majoribus, calyce 7-12 mm. longo, corollis 15-24 mm. longis differt.
NYASALAND: North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, 1830-2130 m., 1896, A. Whyte
213 (Herb. Kew.); ibid., between Mpata and theecommencement of the Tanganyika Plateau,
610-910 m., July 1896, A. Whyte s.n. (Herb. Kew.). Blantyre District: Blantyre, trailing
in old gardens, flowers green, 1100 m., June 18, 1946, 16362. Kota-kota District: Nchisi
Mountain, twining on brushy growth edging rain-forest, vine 1.5 m. high, flowers green,
inconspicuous, 1400 m., Aug. 2, 1946, 17108; ibid., twining in shrubberies bordering rain-
forest, vine 2 m. high, flowers green, fruit immature, 1400 m., Sept. 11, 1946, 17621. Cholo
District: Cholo Mountain, frequent in rain-forest regrowths, shrub 1-2 m. high, flowers
green, 1200 m., Sept. 28, 1946, 17856.
SOUTHERN RHODESIA: Umtali District: Odzani River valley, Manica District, 1914,
A. J. Teague 90 (TYPUS varietatis in Herb. Kew.).
This appears to be merely a large-flowered variant of var. axillaris.
[1c. Dolichos axillaris E. Mey. var. glaber E. Mey. Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 1: 144.
1835-36,
Clitoria viridiflora Bout. Hook. Ic. Pl. pL 152,. 1837.
Dolichos uniflorus Lam. var. glaber Thwaites ex Trim. Hand-Book Fl. Ceyl. 2: 76.
1894.
This variety appears to be rather commoner and more widespread than var.
axillaris. It varies in indumentum; in the size of the leaflets; in the size of the
flowers, which may be as small as in var. axillaris or as large as in var. macran-
thus, but whose variation’ seems quite uncorrelated with geography; and in the
pods, which may be hairy or puberulous.
The var. glaber is found in the Belgian Congo (Lebrun 8545, Ghesquiere 6564), Eritrea
(Schweinfurth & Riva 2212, Pappi 373, Herb. Kew., Terraciano & Pappi 510, Fiori 1158,
1159, Pappi 5391, 5461, Herb. Florent.), Abyssinia (Schimper 508, Gillett 5273, Herb.
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 415
Kew., Ruspoli & Riva 1350, Aristocle Vatova 1064, Pietro Benedetto 271, 572, Herb.
Florent.), Somaliland (Paoli 1234, 1295, Herb. Florent.), Uganda (Chandler 1023), Kenya
(Major & Mrs. Lugard 501, H. M. Gardner 3734, Mrs. Tweedie 402), Tanganyika Territory
(Miss E, M. Bruce 21), Zanzibar (K. E. Toms 206, Greenway 1147), Pemba (J. H. Vaughan
524), Portuguese East Africa (Gomese Sousa 782, Mrs. H. G. Faulkner No. (Pretoria) 84),
S. Rhodesia (A. Hislop 44), N. Rhodesia (Fwambo, Carson s.n. ?), Transvaal (F. A. Rogers
18171), Natal (Drege s.n., Medley Wood 906, Rudatis 946).
Outside continental Africa, var. glaber is found in Madagascar (Hildebrandt 3132, Scott
Elliot 2466, Greve 292), Mauritius (Bouton s.n., Telfair s.n.) and Ceylon (Ferguson s.n.,
Thwaites 1475).
In Africa certain plants occur having the indumentum sparse as in var. glaber
but spreading. Their aspect is intermediate between var. g/aber and var. axillaris,
and they are one of the reasons why I feel that varietal rank in here correct.
These intermediates occur in Nigeria (Lely P. 97), Kenya (Miss E. R. Napier
2434), and Tanganyika Territory (Schlieben 904, G. B. Wallace 695, Greenway
4155).]
[2a. Dolichos uniflorus Lam. Encyc. 2: 299 (1786) var. uniflorus; DC. Prodr. 2:
398. 1825.
Dolichos biflorus sensu Murr. Syst. Nat. ed. 13. 548. 1774, pro parte, quoad synony-
mum Plukenetianum tantum; et auctorum recentiorum plurimorum praesertim asi-
aticorum, saepe pro parte; non L. Sp. Pl. 727. 1753.
The name Dolichos biflorus L. must unfortunately be rejected altogether, and
the plant bearing this name, so commonly cultivated in India, must assume its
other well-known name Dolichos uniflorus Lam. I must now give the evidence for
these statements.
Linnaeus (Sp. Pl. 727. 1753) diagnosed D. biflorus in the following words:
- **12. Dolichos caule perenni laevi, pedunculis bifloris, leguminibus erectis. Roy.
lugdb. 368. Habitat in India.’’ He placed D. biflorus in the group of species
* Erecti.
Linnaeus’ original account remained neither added to nor altered until Syst.
Nat. ed. 12. 2: 484 (1767).
Linnaeus’ reference ‘‘Roy. lugdb. 368’’ is to Adrian van Royen, Fl. Leydensis
Prodromus, 368. 1740. Royen there gave the identical descriptive phrases re-
peated later by Linnaeus, adding ‘‘Crescit in India Orientali.’’
In the Linnaean herbarium there is no specimen of Dolichos biflorus, accord-
ing to Savage (Cat. Linn. Herb. 127. 1945).
Dolichos biflorus L. is thus based entirely and exclusively on the reference
to van Royen’s earlier work.
The next step in the investigation was to find whether van Royen’s own her-
barium could help. In answer to a request for early specimens of Dolichos bi-
florus, the authorities of the Rijksherbarium at Leiden kindly sent on loan three
specimens:
1) From van Royen’s herbarium, bearing a label in David van Royen’s hand
saying ‘‘Dolichos biflorus L. Sp. 2. 1023’’ (The reference is to the second edition
(1763) of the Species Plantarum); also two copies of an old label saying oe
Phaseolus indicus siliqua prorsum vigente, flore extus albo intus pallide violaceo,
semine candido.’’ I cannot find the origin of this last descriptive sentence. It
is not mentioned either in the Fl. Leydensis Prodromus itself, or in the first edi-
tion of the Species plantarum, or in Plukenet’s Almagestum botanicum or his other
works.
2) From Meerburgh’s herbarium, bearing one label saying ‘‘Dolichos biflorus,’’
and another saying ‘‘Dolichos 5 prod [D.]—biflorus Linn Sp: (2) pag 1023 num
235" .
416 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
Y
3) Also from Meerburgh’s herbarium, bearing a label saying ‘‘Dolichos kolii
[or kolii] Linn Sp Plukn Alm: 290 pl 10.’? I cannot make, much of this, except that
the Plukenet reference is probably to ‘‘Phaseolus hirsutus flexicaulis Mungo af-
finis é¢ Maderaspatan caule tereti; sub nomine Coli recepi’’ (Pluk. Almag. Bot.
290). This is said to be a synonym of Phaseolus mungo L. Mant. PI. 101 (1767).
Sheets 1) and 2) are unquestionably Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.; 3) is Do-
lichos uniflorus Lam.
In the descriptive sentence used by van Royen and Linnaeus for D. biflorus,
taking into account the * Erecti in which Linnaeus placed the species, the erect
smooth stems and the pedunculate flowers do not apply to any plant which later
authors have put under Dolichos biflorus in its widest sense. On the other hand
the descriptive sentence referred to fits well Vigna unguiculata and the specimens
of van Royen and Meerburgh. |
David van Royen died in 1799, and must have written the label on sheet 1)
sometime after 1763. Meerburgh’s works were published between 1775 and 1798,
and the labels on his specimens appear contemporary. There is thus strong evi-
dence that at that time at Leiden the name Dolichos biflorus was being applied
to Vigna unguiculata, and that the plant which subsequently became known as
D. biflorus was called a different name, ‘“‘Dolichos kolii.’’ The name D. biflorus
was only written on specimen 3) quite recently.
So far there is no evidence at all that Dolichos biflorus (i.e. Vigna unguicu-
lata) and D. uniflorus were anything but clearly distinguished from each other.
The trouble seems to date from Murray’s thirteenth edition of the Systema naturae
(1774), for on p. 548 he adds as a synonym of Dolichos biflorus ‘*Phaseolus vul-
garis lablab effigie, flore parvo ochroleuco, siliquis falcatis gemellis. Pluk. alm.
291. t.213. £.4.”’ The plant described and figured by Plukenet is clearly Dolichos
uniflorus and not Vigna unguiculata. Since then Dolichos biflorus has been gen-
erally applied to D. uniflorus or related species of Dolichos, and not at all to
Vigna unguiculata.
Fortunately Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is based on Dolichos unguiculatus,
published in 1753, at the same time as D. biflorus, so that the latter merely be-
comes a synonym of V. unguiculata.
I propose that the specimen in van Royen’s herbarium, labelled Dolichos bi-
florus by David van Royen, the first of the three specimens referred to already,
be taken as the type of Dolichos biflorus L. |
The authorities of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle at Paris very
. kindly sent on loan a fragment of the type of D. uniflorus Lam. (‘De M. Sonnerat
au Jardin R.’’), showing stems, leaves and flowers; also a tracing of the pods,
showing them clearly falcate and 6 mm. wide. There can I think be no reasonable
doubt that D. uniflorus Lam. has been correctly interpreted as the commonly cul-
tivated horse gram of India, from whose axils single flowers often arise as they
do in Lamarck’s type. The calyx-segments are shorter than those of D. daltont.
The only African gathering that agrees with the Indian plant is Snowden 1826
from Kampala in Uganda, where it was said to be an introduction cultivated as a
cover-crop.
The following variety is however no doubt native in Africa.]
[2b. Dolichos uniflorus Lam. var. stenocarpus Brenan, var. nov.
Leguminibus angustioribus 4-5.5 mm. (nec. 6-8 mm.) latis differt.
Dolichos benadirianus Chiov. Ann. Bot. Roma 13:385. 1915; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr.
448, 1929.
INDIA: Punjab: Simla, Hiya Khud, 5th waterfall, 1520 m., Sept. 1, 1885, H. Collett
596. Central Provinces: Pachmarki, wild in woods remote from cultivation, Oct. 9, 1901,
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 417
H. H. Haines 173P. Khairagarh State, Kahuapani, climbing among bushes up to 1.2 m.,
not far from fields, Oct. 20, 1943, H. F. Mooney 2364 Barogh, Oct. 15, 1916, H. H.
Rich 409,
SOMALILAND: Benadir, 1912, Capt. F. Provenzale s.n. (typus D. benadiriani in Herb.
Florent.). Dune di Merca, Aug. 16, 1937, Senni 1223 (Herb. Florent.). Ras Sif presso
Mogadiscio, ‘‘scogli e sabbie sulla riva del mare,’’ Feb. 12, 1924, Puccioni & Stefanini
71 (Herb. Florent.)—a rather doubtful specimen, agreeing with D. uniflorus var. steno-
carpus except for one exceptionally large vexillum about 15 mm. long; the plant is very
atypical and diseased, and there are numerous black fungal marks on the large vexilium,
whose development may well be pathological.
KENYA: Central Province, Machakos District: Makueni, in cleared bush country,
1220 m., Oct. 16, 1947, H. Bogdan AB 1350. Coast Province, Teita District: Voi, hill-
side, twining herb, cream flowers, 640 m., May 8, 1931, Miss. E. R. Napier 1011. Kilifi
District: Mida, in open mriti forest, small prostrate herb, flowers creamy and yellow, R.
M. Graham A 50; Mufumbini, June 21, 1945, G. M. Jeffery K 234; Malindi, occasional on
sand-dunes, prostrate perennial herb, flowers yellow, Aug. 13, 1949, A. Bogdan 2578;
Muka, June 3, 1902, T. Kaessner 905.
TANGANYIKA TERRITORY: Lake Province, Shinyanga District: Shinyanga, margins
of small thickets on granite hills, rambling climber, frequent, 1100 m., May 25, 1931, Burtt
2444. Tanga Province, Tanga District: Moa, 1893, Holst 3030. Pangani District: Bushiri
Estate, found on clifftop, plants spreading among grass, flowers dull creamy-yellow, Oct.
1, 1950, H. G. Faulkner 686; found in sandy soil close to tidal river, a trailing, twining
plant, common among grass, flowers creamy-yellow,: Nov. 14, 1950, H. G. Faulkner 706;
sandy soil, among grass, spreading and twining plant, abundant in places, flowers creamy-
green with maroon markings, Dec. 21, 1950, H. G. Faulkner 759. Eastern Province, Mo-
honyera, 6° 55' S. 38° 30' E., Oct. 1860, Speke & Grant s.n. Uzaramo District: Usaramo,
between Mapinga and Kunduchi (locality no. 0, 3, 229), flowers yellowish-white, Dec. 12,
1915, A. Peter K 546. Central Province, Kondoa District: Kondoa-Irangi, climbing, flow-
ers yellow, ca. 1600 m., Aug. 27, 1932, Geilinger 1651.
PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA: Manica e Sofala Province. Kongone mouth of Zambezi,
Jan. 1861, Kirk s.n. Inhambane Province: Salela near Inhambane, sandy soil, flowers yel-
low, 50 m., Gomes e Sousa 1637.
TRANSVAAL. Barberton Division: Crocodile Gorge, climbing over rocks, Apr. 1920,
F, A. Rogers R. 23966 (TYPUS varietatis in Herb. Kew.).
The African specimens of this variety tend to have shorter calyx-teeth (long-
est one 3-5 mm.) than those of D. uniflorus var. uniflorus (4-8 mm.); but in the
Indian specimens no such difference is to be seen. D. benadirianus Chiov., of
which I have examined the type, is conspecific.]
[3. Dolichos daltoni Webb in Hook. Niger Fl. 125. 1849.
I feel uncertain whether it would not be more satisfactory to treat this as a
variety of D. uniflorus, certainly D. daltoni and D. uniflorus var. stenocarpus are
very easily and constantly separable from one another in Africa, but D. uniflorus
var. uniflorus to some extent bridges the gap. However I cannot match the in-
dumentum on the pod of D. daltoni in Indian D. uniflorus, and rely on this together
with the more markedly filiform calyx-teeth to mark the species.
D. daltoni is found in the Cape Verde Islands (J. D. Hooker 144, J. Cardoso 228),
Nigeria (Dalziel 45), Eritrea (Terraciano & Pappi 14, Tellini 121, 1526, 1582, 1608, Pappi
7438, 7540, 8558, all in Herb. Florent.), Abyssinia (Schimper 384, 460), Tanganyika Terri-
tory (Homby 266, Burtt 5199 in part, D. P. Pielou 157), Nyasaland (Archdeacon W. P.
Johnson 56), N. Rhodesia (Miss A. E. Gairdner 496, 496a, Mrs. H. M. Richards 1105), and
Angola (Baum 774).]
4. Dolichos sp.
None of the fruiting specimens of this at Kew bears flowers, and vice versa,
so that there is some doubt about the interpretation of the species. The very tiny
calyx is, however, most distinctive.
I have seen specimens from Nigeria (Lely P. 800), Tanganyika Territory
(Lynes I. L. 250 m, Bax 141), N. Rhodesia (F. A. Rogers 7104, J. D. Martin
596/33), and S. Rhodesia (Herb. Dep. Agr. 1365).
418 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
Desmodium tenuiflorum Micheli ex Dur. & De Wild. (Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 36:
59. 1897; Ill. Fl. Congo 119, pl. 60, f. 11. 1899) is said by Baker f. (Leg. Trop.
Afr. 448. 1929) to be a species of Dolichos near D. baumannii Harms. The illus-
tration rather suggests the present species. Desmodium tenuiflorum was based
on two sheets, both of which I have seen, thanks to the kindness and courtesy of
Prof. Dr. W. Robyns, Director of the Jardin Botanique de 1’Etat in Brussels;
Thonner 83 is a Desmodium which Dr. Bernice G. Schubert kindly informs me is
D. adscendens (Sw.) DC.; while Dupuis s.n. is a species of Galactia. The name
Desmodium tenuiflorum thus in no way applies to Dolichos. | |
[5. Dolichos rupestris Welw. ex. Bak. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 212. 1871; Bak.
f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 445. 1929.
Dolichos longistipellatus Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 26: 314. 1899; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr.
445. 1929.
S. Rhodesia (Eyles 2130, 7062), Angola (Welwitsch 2219, Gossweiler 3780). |
[6. Dolichos taubertii Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 445. 1929.
Glycine maranguensis Taub. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 220. 1895; non Dolichos
maranguensis Taub. in Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. (Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss.
Berl. 1891) 271..1892.
Dolichos zanzibarensis Bak. f. Jour. Bot. 71: 342. 1933.
I have seen the type-number of this species (Volkens 2121, Kilimanjaro) in
the British Museum Herbarium. Further good material, particularly of the fruit, is
much wanted. It is found in Uganda (Maitland 896, 995), Kenya (Miss E. R. Napier
1090, van Someren 289), Tanganyika Territory (Haarer 520, Burtt 2774, Rounce
53, Emson 368, Bally 2217), and the Transvaal (Rogers 20965).
Dolichos zanzibarensis Bak. f., of which I have examined the type at the Brit-
ish Museun, I think is only a large-leaved form of D. taubertii and not a valid
species.]
7. Dolichos oliganthus Brenan, sp. nov.
D. Erevicauli Bak. ut videtur proxima, calycis dentibus brevioribus triangu-
laribus differt; a D. rupestri Welw. ex Bak. leguminibus angustioribus 5 mm. tan-
tum latis, stipellis brevioribus, foliolis apice non rotundatis differt; a D. chrys-
antho A. Chev. habitu, calyce, leguminibus longioribus longe distat.
Herba perennis, caules herbaceos ut videtur suberectos tum reptantes et usque
ad 45 cm. longos 2 mm. crassos teretes pilis leviter deflexis vel raro appressis
breviter sed dense pubescentes e caudice emittens. Folia trifoliolata; petioli
(1.5-)3-6 cm. longi, tenues, pubescentes, supra canaliculati; stipulae ovatae
usgue oblongo-lanceolatae, costatae, acutae, 4-10 mm. longae, 2-4 mm. latae;
foliola basi obtusa, apice obtusa vel subacuta, utrinque appresse pubescentia,
costa nervisque lateralibus utrinque 5-10 supra inconspicuis vel prominulis sub-
tus ut rete venularum prominulis vel prominentibus; foliolum terminale oblongum
vel ellipticum, 3-8 cm. longum 0.9=3 cm. latum; foliola lateralia similia sed
margine antico gibbosa, paulo latiora, 1-3 cm. lata; stipellae 2-3(-5) mm. longae,
lineari-lanceolatae. Inflorescentiae axillares, sessiles vel subsessiles, 1=3-
florae; pedicelli 3~5 mm. longi, pubescentes; bracteolae 2-3.5 mm. longae, lan-
ceolatae, basi calycis positae. Flores quoad colorem collectoribus varie de-
scripti : virides, viridi-lutei, pallide lutei, albi. Calycis tubus 3.5=4 mm. longus,
obconicus, pubescens; dentes omnes pubescentes acuti; dens infimus anguste
triangularis, 2.5-4 mm. longus, basi 1.25 mm. latus, paulum sursum curvatus;
dentes 2 laterales anguste triangulares, 2-3 mm. longi, basi 1.5 mm. lati; dentes
2 superiores connatae, 2.5-4 mm. longae, basi 3.5 mm. latae, deltoideae. Corolla:
vexillum obovato-orbiculare, apice emarginatum, 12-17 mm. longum, 9=15 mm.
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 419
latum, glabrum, medio intus supra basim callis 2 longitudinalibus elevatis circiter
4.5-6 mm. longis caelatum; alae basi cum carina coalitae, parte libera leviter
acclivi 7 mm. longa, 2.25 mm. lata spathulari apice obtusa; carina 9 mm. longa,
3 mm. lata, sursum curvata, obtusa. Stamina monadelpha, vexillari 3 mm. supra
basim tubi libera, filamento 4.5 mm. longo, staminibus aliis filamentis alternatim
brevibus (1.5 mm.) et longioribus (2.5 mm.); antherae 0.75 mm. longae. Ovarium
breviter et appresse puberulum, circiter 5 mm. longum. Stylus circiter 5 mm.
longus, glaber, apice corona pilorum brevium coronatus. Legumen subrectum,
glabrum vel fere glabrum, 5-8 cm. longum, 5 mm. latum, praesertim apicem versus
gradatim attenuatum. Semina matura nondum visa.
NYASALAND: Blantyre District: Blantyre, in old gardens, flowers green, 1100 m.,
June 18, 1946, 16364 (TYPUS).
S. RHODESIA: Mazoe District: Mazoe, summit of Iron Mask Hill, flowers fleshy,
green-yellow, 1680 m., Jan. 1915, F. Eyles 603 (Herb. Kew., Herb. Mus. Brit.). Makoni
District: Rusapi, received 1921, A. Hislop Z. 242 (Herb. Kew.). S. Marandellas District:
1931, Miss R. J. Myres 93 (Herb. Kew).
N. RHODESIA: Abercorn District: Chilongowelo, Victoria Falls, creeping onthe ground
in thick bush on loamy soil, stem woody, flowers on short pedicels, in threes, pale yellow,
1460 m., Mar. 16, 1952, Mrs. H. M. Richards 1018 (Herb. Kew.). Ndola District: Mufulira,
in Brachystegia woodland, drooping plant, flowers white, 1220 m., Mar. 14, 1948, A. W.
Cruse 198 (Herb. Kew.).
D. oliganthus seems closest to the Nigerian D. brevicaulis. Like that plant
it seems to produce flowering shoots that at first are suberect; later, lateral trail-
ing shoots appear. In habit it seems to stand midway between those species,
such as D.. chrysanthus, that produce only trailing or scandent shoots and those
in which the stems are all and always erect.
[8. Dolichos chrysanthus A. Chev. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 58(Mém. 8): 164. 1912;
’ Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 449. 1929.
Dolichos biflorus L. var. occidentalis Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 26: 313. 1899; Bak. f. Leg.
Trop. Afr. 449. 1929.
The Index kewensis cites Dolichos occidentalis (Harms) Harms as having
been published in Pflanzenw. Afr. 3 (1): 677 (1915), but my colleague Mr. H. K.
Airy-Shaw informs me that the combination is not properly made there.
D. chrysanthus is without doubt specifically distinct from all forms of D. uni-
florus. It is strange that Harms, while discussing his var. occidentalis, should
not have realised how distinct the fruits were, and that they were correlated with
well-marked vegetative characters.
The normally trailing habit, short petioles, small leaflets and comparatively
large flowers, not to mention the pods, make D. chrysanthus readily recognisable.
The leaflets vary in shape a good deal.
D. chrysanthus is known from Portuguese Guinea (Espirito Santo 1439), the Ivory
Coast (Chevalier 22427), the Gold Coast (T. Ll. Williams 390), Nigeria (Barter 967, 1591,
Lely 470, Dalziel 593), Ubangi-Shari (Tisserant 2950), the French Cameroons (Tessmann
2731), the Belgian Congo (Quarre 2880), Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Schweinfurth 2251, 2375
Shantz 931, Myers 9314), and Angola (Welwitsch 2209, 2210, Mrs. Faulkner A 197, A 457).4
I am grateful to the authorities of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle
at Paris for very kindly sending on loan the type of D. chrysanthus (Chevalier
22427 from the Ivory Coast).
[9. Dolichos brevicaulis Bak. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 211. 1871; Bak. f. Leg.
Trop. Afr. 444. 1929.
Confined, as far as is known, to Nigeria.
Dolichos baumannii Harms (Bot. Jahrb. 26: 313. 1899) is rather a problem.
Hutchinson and Dalziel (Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 410. 1928) make it a synonym of D.
biflorus **I..”” However the size alone—12 mm. long or more—of the flowers of
420 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
D, baumannii makes, that conclusion untenable. In many points the description of
D. baumannii points to D. chrysanthus—notably the size of the leaves; but the
calyx would be shorter than usual, and the colour rather suggests D. brevicaulis.
The type-collections of D. baumannii are now presumably destroyed and I think
it best to leave it as a doubtful species until new collections have been made at
the type-localities—Misahdhe and Bismarckburg in Togoland.|
[10. Dolichos stenophyllus Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 26: 314. 1899; Bak. f. Leg. Trop.
Afr, 450. 1929, |
The most remarkable features of this species are the very narrow elongate
pods, the linear-lanceolate calyx-teeth, and the rather narrow leaves. When the
plant is young the leaves may be broader, up to 6X 2 cm.; the trailing lateral
shoots seeming to bear the narrowest leaves.
The distribution is interesting: Togo (Schroeder 90, 116), Nigeria (Lely 562,
P 697), the Belgian Congo (Kaessner 2695), and Angola (Gossweiler 11483), A
specimen from Ubangi (Tisserant 529) is probably a variant of D. stenophyllus
having the young pods long-hairy; ripe pods are lacking.]
Adendolichos punctatus (Micheli) Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 33: 180. 1902; Bak. f. Leg.
Trop. Afr. 456. 1929.
Vigna punctata Micheli, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 36(2): 62. 1897; Ann. Mus. Congo Bot.
1: 117. pl. 59. 1899.
Kota-kota District: Chia area, common on flood-banks of woodland streams,
shrub 1=1.5 m. high, leaves greyish beneath, flowers white, calyx, pedicels, pe-
duncles and pods viscid, 480 m., Sept. 3, 1946, 17507. Dedza District: Dedza,
frequent in Brachystegia woodland, shrub, young shoots flowering after burning
of the grass, many shoots from a woody stock, flowers pink, under side of stand-
ard red, calyx viscid, 1500 m., Sept. 13, 1946, 17623.
I name Mr. Brass’ gatherings with some doubt, because the first tiie species
of Adenodolichos enumerated in the Leguminosae of tropical Africa are separated
by characters that, with the possible exception of the flower-colour, seem vague
and unusable. There are not enough specimens at Kew to decide whether one or
more species are involved.
Plants similar to those collected by Mr. Brass occur in the Belgian Congo,
Tanganyika Territory, Portuguese East Africa and N. and S. Rhodesia, but this
is the first record for Nyasaland.
Lablab vulgaris Savi, Osserv. Gen. Phaseolus & Dolichos, Mem. 2: 19. [Nuov.
Gior. Litt. Pisa 7: 117.] ? 1824.
Dolichos lablab L. Sp. Pl. 725. 1753; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 452. 1929.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, frequent in rain-forest regrowths, vine 2=3 m.
high, flowers purplish-green, fruit immature, native name (Chinyanja) kankhungusa,
1200 m., Sept. 25, 1946, 17806. Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, occa-
sional on sandy beaches, trailing or climbing, flowers blue, 180 m., Oct. 4, 1946,
17958. Widespread and much cultivated in the warmer regions of the Old World.
See note under Abrus precatorius L.
Rhynchosia albiflora”* (Sims) Alston in Trimen, Fl. Ceylon 6: 85. 1931.
Cylista albiflora Sims, Bot. Mag. pl. 1859. 1816.
Cylista tomentosa Roxb. Cor. Pl. 3: 221. 1819. .
Rhynchosia cyanosperma Benth. ex Bak. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 218. 1871; Bak.
f, Leg. Trop. Afr. 469. 1929.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, shrubby borders of rain forest, vine 3 m.
high, brown-pubescent, flowers yellowish, heavily marked with red, 1650 m., July
24 Rhynchosia by R. D. Meikle, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 421
31, 1946, 17051. Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, rain-forest regrowths, twining
vine 3 m. high, flower petals yellow and red, calyx green, 1200 m., Sept. 22,
1946, 17737. Widely distributed through tropical Africa, also in the Mascarene
Islands, India, and Ceylon.
Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. Mém. Légum. 9: 363. 1825; Prodr. 2: 385. 1825; Bak.
f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 471. 1929.
Dolichos minimus L. Sp. Pl. 726. 1753.
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, one example in Combretum woodland, perennial
herb, branches prostrate and ascending, flowers yellow streaked with red, 250 m.,
Oct. 5, 1946, 17980. Widespread throughout the tropics of the New and Old
Worlds.
The peduncles and rachides of the specimen examined are abnormally elon-
gated, otherwise it agrees well with true R. minima. Much of the African material
named minima must be considered distinct from the Linnaean species.
Rhynchosia resinosa (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Bak. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 218.
1871; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 480. 1929. ;
Fagelia resinosa Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 226. 1847.
Kasungu District: Kasungu Hill, one example on rocky slopes, shrub 1 m. high,
loose, spreading, branchlets sometimes twining, calyx viscid, 1100 m., Aug. 28,
1946, 17454, Frequent in East Africa from S, Rhodesia northward to Abyssinia,
extending westward though N, Nigeria to French Guinea.
Rhynchosia nyikensis Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 263. 1897; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr.
481. 1929.
Kotaekota District: Nchisi Mountain, shrubberies bordering rain-forest, vine
2-3 m. high, inflorescence viscid with yellow glandular hairs, flowers yellow
streaked with red, 1500 m., July 29, 1946, 17024. Nyasaland and S. Tanganyika.
A shade form of this species with the leaves larger, thinner and less pubes-
cent than those of the type. The very large bracts, which usually give the plant
such a distinctive appearance, are early caducous, and almost absent from the
specimen examined.
Rhynchosia clivorum S. Moore, Jour. Bot. 16: 131. 1878; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr.
482. 1929.
Flemingia macrocalyx Bak. f. Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 4: 12. 1894.
Rhynchosia pycnantha Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 30: 332. 1901.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, amongst rocks in Brachystegia woodland,
shrub 1=1.5 m. high, flowers yellow, 1550 m., July 26, 1946, 16947. The Trans-
vaal and S. Rhodesia to Nyasaland and S. Tanganyika.
Rhynchosia clivorum S. Moore var. caudata Meikle, var. nov.
A typo differt foliis, caulibus, et pedunculis sparse villosis, foliis longe pe-
tiolatis, foliolis minus bullatis, racemis longe pedunculatis folia excedentibus,
inflorescentiae bracteis longioribus, conspicuis, brunneis, acuminatis.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Chambe Plateau, common in forest edges,
shrub 2-3 m. high, flower yellow, 2000 m., July 9, 1946, 16767 (TYPUS varietatis).
Despite its distinct appearance, I am not satisfied that this specimen is spe-
cifically distinct from the variable R. clivorum; the sparse indumentum, long inter-
nodes, petioles, peduncles, and racemes all suggest growth in a shaded situation,
and it is possible that increased illumination might cause the plant to revert to
more normal R. clivorum. A fruiting specimen (Wild 1457 in Herb. Kew.) from
Inyanga, S. Rhodesia, may belong here, though certain determination is not pos-
sible in the absence of flowers. The S. Rhodesian plant has mottled seeds,
422 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
whereas those of type R. clivorum are uniformly dark reddish-brown. Two other
specimens in Herb. Kew. (Eyles 3617, S. Rhodesia, and Hutchinson & Gillett
4369, N. Transvaal) are intermediate in appearance between the type and var.
caudata.
Rhynchosia clivorum S. Moore var. fulvida Meikle, var. nov.
A typo differt caulibus, stipulis, foliis et inflorescentiis breviter fulvo-villo-
sis; foliis ellipticis vel ovato-lanceolatis, valde reticulatis; racemis congestis
circiter 3.0 cm. longis, pedunculis brevibus; vexillum eleganter (in siccis) pur-
pureosstriatum.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, shrubby borders of montane forest, shrub
2 m. high, flowers yellow, 2300 m., Aug. 13, 1946, 17205 (TYPUS varietatis).
This variety is probably identical with Rhbynchosia oreophila Harms, described
from material collected by Stolz (no. 2232) in the Kinga Mountains, S. Tanganyika.
The type of this species is unfortunately not available for comparison, but the
characters used in the original description to distinguish it from Flemingia macro-
calyx Baker f. (=R. clivorum S. Moore) are, to my mind, scarcely sufficient to
give it specific rank. The size and shape of leaves, length of racemes and size
of individual flowers are all subject to considerable variation in R. clivorum, as
in other species of Rhynchosia.
Rhynchosia insignis (O. Hoffm.) R. E. Fries, Schwed. Rhodesia-Kongo-Exped.
1911-1912 1: 95. 1914; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 486. 1929.
Eriosema insigne O. Hoffm. Linnaea 43: 128. 1881.
Rhynchosia subaphylla Bak. f. Jour. Bot. 66(suppl. 1): 121. 1928; Leg. Trop. Afr.
486. 1929.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi, Brachystegia woodlands, shrub 20-30 cm. high,
young shoots flowering a month after burning of the grass, flowers yellow, 1350
m., Sept. 8, 1946, 17572;* Chenga Hill, sporadic in low open Brachystegia wood-
land, perennial herb to 30 cm. high, young shoots flowering after burning of the
grass, wings yellow, standard and keel brown, 1600 m., Sept. 9, 1946, 17594,
Recorded from Nyasaland, S. Rhodesia, N. Rhodesia, and Angola, apparently not
uncommon in this area. |
I have no hesitation in uniting Rhynchosia subaphylla Bak. f. with R. insignis
(O. Hoffm.) R. E. Fries; the latter species frequently produces shoots with simple
leaves, and the young leaves are just as silvery-tomentose below as those of R.
subaphylla. The types of both species are from Malange, Angola.
Eriosema psoraleoides”* (Lam.) G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 348. 1832.
Crotalaria psoraleoides Lam. Encyc. 2: 201. 1786.
Rhynchosia cajanoides Guill. & Perr. in Guill., Perr. & Rich. Fl. Senegamb. Tent.
% 1:.215. 1832-33.
Eriosema cajanoides (Guill. & Perr.) Hook. f. in Hook. Niger Fl. 314. 1849.
Kota-kota District: Chia area, occasional on grassy alluvial flats, shrub about
1 m. high, leaves greyish below, flowers yellow, 480 m., Sept. 7, 1946, 17560.
Widely spread through tropical Africa, and in Madagascar.
Eriosema montanum Bak. f. Jour. Bot. 33: 142. 1895.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, Nchena-chena Spur, plentiful on shrubby
grasslands, shrub 1 m. high, flowers yellow, 1900 m., pee 20, 1946, 17365.
Kenya and Uganda to Nyasaland and N. Rhodesia.
Eriosema affine De Wild. Ann. Mus. Congo. IV. 1: 200. 1903.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, common in Brachystegia woodland, shrub
80-100 cm. high, leaves grey below, stems several, erect, little branched, flowers
25 Eriosema by E. Milne-Redhead, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASAL AND 423
yellow, 1400 m., Aug. 2, 1946, 17111. ?Kasungu District: North Road between
Nzimba and Kasungu, frequent in Brachystegia woodland, shrub 1 m. high, flowers
yellow, 1200 m., Aug. 23, 1946, 17383. Kasungu District: Kasungu, common in
Brachystegia woodlands, shrub 1=1.5 m. high, flowers yellow, 1000 m., Aug. 26,
1946, 17426. Nyasaland to Angola, Katanga Province of the Belgian Congo to
S. Rhodesia.
Eriosema englerianum Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 41. 1907.
Kota-kota District: Chia area, common on grassy flood-banks of streams of
dry lake-plain, shrub about 1 m. high, stems upright, usually simple, numerous,
flowers yellow, 480 m., Sept. 5, 1946, 17538. Katanga Province of the Belgian
Congo to S. Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
Eriosema ellipticum Welw. ex Bak. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 227. 1871.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, Nchena-chena Spur, abundant on grass-
lands, shrub 1=-1.5 m. high, leaves grey below, flowers yellow, showy, 1900 m.,
Aug. 20, 1946, 17350; Nchena-chena, plentiful in Brachystegia woodlands, shrub
1=3 m. high, flowers yellow, conspicuous, 1340 m., Aug. 21, 1946, 17375. Angola
to southern Tanganyika and Nyasaland.
Flemingia”® grahamiana Wight & Arn. Prodr. Fl. Penins. Ind. Or. 1: 242. 1834.
Flemingia rhodocarpa Bak. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 231. 1871; Bak. f. Leg. Trop.
Afr. 514. 1929.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, frequent in Brachystegia woodlands,
shrub about 1 m. high, flowers greenish-white, usually sterile, 1400 m., July 27,
1946, 16988*, Chia area, common on grassy dry flood-banks of woodland streams,
shrub 1 m. high, flowers greenish-white, fruit red, conspicuous, 480 m., Sept. 3,
1946, 17509. Eastern and central tropical Africa from Abyssinia southward to
the Transvaal and Natal, extending westwards into the Belgian Congo and the
Shari; also in tropical Asia—Aden, southern India, and apparently China
(Yunnan),
I agree with Burtt Davy (Man. Fl. Pl. Transvaal 414. 1932) in considering F.
thodocarpa and F. grahamiana as the same species. The identity of these two
was first made known by Oliver in a paper by Dyer on the dye ‘‘waras”’ in Pharm.
Jour. (31 May 1884).
Dalbergia melanoxylon Guill. & Perr. in Guill., Perr. & Rich. Fl. Senegamb. Tent.
227. pl. 53. 1832-33; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 520. 1929.
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, locally abundant in dry stony woodland, the
local “‘ebony,’’ tree 6-8 m. high and about 10 cm. in diameter, flowers white,
Native name (Chinyanja) pingo, 200 m., Oct. 5, 1946, 17988. Widespread in trop-
ical Africa, extending southward to the Transvaal.
Dalbergia arbutifolia Bak. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 232. 1871; Bak. f. Leg. Trop.
Afr. 522. 1929.
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, frequent on sandy river-banks, scan-
dent shrub 8-10 m. high, flowers cream-coloured, 180 m., Oct. 6, 1946, 18009.
Tanganyika Territory, Portuguese East Africa, Nyasaland, and N. and S.
Rhodesia.
Dalbergia lactea Vatke, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 29: 251. 1897; Bak. f. Leg. Trop.
Afr. 525. 1929.
Mlanje District: Mlanje, frequent on termite mounds in Brachystegia woodland,
tree 5-8 m. high, flowers purple, fruit very young, 750 m., Sept. 30, 1946, 17880.
26 Flemingia Roxb. ex Ait. f. (1812) appears to be a later homonym of Flemingia Roxb.
ex Rottl. (1803), which is said to be a synonym of Thunbergia Retz. There seems a good
case for conserving the familiar Flemingia Roxb. ex Ait. f.
424 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Yol. 8, No. 5
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Imatong Mountains) and Uganda, southward to Portuguese
East Africa and S. Rhodesia; extending westward to the Gaboon.
Dalbergia nitidula Welw. ex Bak. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 235. 1871; Bak. f.
Leg. Trop, Afr. 532.1929,
Dalbergia mossambicensis Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 26: 295. 1899; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr.
53241929.
Dalbergia swynnertonii Bak. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 40: 60. 1911; Leg. Trop. Afr.
9295 1929;
Kota-kota District: Chia area, occasional in dry woodlands of lake-plain, tree
12-15 m. high and 25=30 cm. in diameter, semi-deciduous, flowers white, native
name (Chinyanja) namasimba, 480 m., Sept. 4, 1946, 17531; ibid., occasional in
woodlands of dry lake-plain, tree 10 m. high, wholly or partly deciduous, flowers
white, native name (Chinyanja) namasimba, 480 m., Sept. 6, 1946, 17553. Bel-
gian Congo, Uganda, Tanganyika Territory, Portuguese East Africa, Nyasaland,
N. and S. Rhodesia, and Angola.
Pterocarpus antunesii (Taub.) Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 30: 89. 1901; Bak. f., Leg. Trop.
Aire -540,,, 1929,
Calpurnia antunesii Taub. Bot. Jahrb. 23: 173. 1896.
Pterocarpus stevensonii Burtt Davy, Kew Bull. 1932: 262. 1932.
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, common in dry brushy forest of elevated allu-
vial plain, tree 10-12 m. high, 200 m., Oct. 2, 1946, 17894. Portuguese East
Africa, Nyasaland, N. and S. Rhodesia, and Angola.
P, stevensonii seems merely a pubescent form of P. antunesit. P. stevensonit
is recorded for Nyasaland in Burtt Davy & Hoyle, Check-Lists For. Trees &
Shrubs Brit. Emp. 2(Nyasaland Protect.): 61. 1936.
Pterocarpus angolensis DC. Prodr. 2: 419. 1825; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 544.
1929.
Pterocarpus bussei Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 33: 171. 1902; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 544.
1929;
Mlanje District: Mlanje, frequent in Brachystegia woodland, tree to 12 m. high
and to 30 cm. in diameter, deciduous, yielding very good cabinet-wood, flowers
yellow, appearing before leaves, native name mlombwa, 750 m., Sept. 30, 1946,
17879, Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, occasional in woodlands of dry stony
ridges, tree 12-15 m. high, deciduous, flowers yellow, appearing before the leaves,
native name mlombwa, 300 m., Oct. 4, 1946, 17976. Tanganyika Territory, south-
ward to the Transvaal, Swaziland, and Angola.
Pterocarpus sp. nov.
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, locally common in stony woodlands, tree 10-12
m. high, deciduous, new leaves appearing with the flowers, flowers yellow, fra-
grant, native name mbalisa, 300 m., Oct. 5, 1946, 17989.
This remarkable plant, with conspicuous leafy stipules, appears to be unde-
scribed. At the time of writing Dr. L. A. Grandvaux Barbosa of the Secgao de
Botanica, Mogambique, is starting a journey of about three months to collect ma-
terial of this plant in different stages, to photograph it, and to study its ecology.
Afterwards he proposes to write a work on it, in which it will no doubt be most
fully described. Clearly it would be premature and presumptuous to describe it
formally now, and we must look forward with expectant interest to seeing the re-
sults of Dr. Grandvaux Barbosa’s expert researches.
Besides in Nyasaland, the plant occurs in Portuguese East Africa (Swynnerton 1429,
Wild 2658: Gov. Herb. No. 21909, Wild 2672: Gov. Herb. No. 21943) and S. Rhodesia (Wild
2338: Gov. Herb. No. 19172).
Ostryoderris stuhlmannii (Taub.) Dunn ex Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 563. 1929.
Deguelia stuhlmannii Taub. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 218. 1895.
Ope ly ae ee
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 425
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, occasional in woodlands of stony ridges, tree
12-14 m. tall, deciduous, leafless, flowers white, native name (Chinyanja) chi-
umbu, 300 m., Oct. 5, 1946, 17981. Kenya, Tanganyika Territory, Portuguese
East Africa, Nyasaland, and N. and S. Rhodesia.
Lonchocarpus capassa Rolfe in Oates, Matabeleland ed. 2. 397. 1889; Bak. f.
Less Trop: Afr. 551. ‘1929.
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, scattered in Acacia albida woodland, tree 5=6
m. high, leaves greyish beneath, flowers purple, native name (Chinyanja) chipa-
kasa, 200 m., Oct. 3, 1946, 17922. Tanganyika Territory, southward to the Trans-
vaal and southwest Africa.
Afrormosia angolensis (Bak.) Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. Nachtr.
3: 158. 1906; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 600. 1929; Louis, Bull. Jard. Bot.
Brux. 17: 113. 1943.
Ormosia angolensis Bak. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 255, 1871.
Zomba district: Zomba Plateau, plentiful in Brachystegia woodlands, tree up
to about 10 m. high, crown somewhat flat-spreading, foliage pale green, flowers
not seen, fruit. immature, 1500 m., June 4, 1946, 16225. Kota-kota District: Chia
area, common in sandy woodlands of lake-plain, tree about 15 m. high and 40 cm.
in diameter, 480 m., Sept. 6, 1946, 17555. Belgian Congo, Tanganyika Territory,
Portuguese East Africa, Nyasaland, N. and S. Rhodesia, and Angola.
Swartzia madagascariensis Desv. Ann. Sci. Nat. I. 9: 424. 1826; Bak. f. Leg.
Trop. Afr. 605. 1929; Gilbert & Boutique, Fl. Congo Belge 3: 551. 1952.
Kota-kota District: Chia area, frequent on sandy lake-plain, tree 15=18 m. high
and 25-35 cm. in diameter, native name (Chinyanja) kampango, 480 m., Sept. 1,
1946, .17479. Widespread in tropical Africa.
Cordyla africana Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 412. 1790; Milne-Redhead, Repert. Sp. Nov.
41: 230. 1937.
? District:'Road between Blantyre and Chikwawa, one example in Brachystegia
woodland, tree 25 m. tall and 60 cm. in diameter, flowers orange yellow, borne
in abundance, native name ntondo, 600 m., Oct. 1, 1946, 17884. Chikwawa Dis-
trict: Chikwawa, associated with Acacia albida in open forest, tree to 25 m. high
and 75 cm. in diameter, deciduous, now in young leaf, flowers orange, native name
(Chinyanja) mtondo, 200 m., Oct. 3, 1946, 17927. Kenya, Tanganyika Territory,
Portuguese East Africa, Nyasaland, N. and S. Rhodesia, and the Transvaal.
Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6: 89. 1931;
Wilczek, Fl. Congo Belge 3: 256. 1952.
Reichardia ? decapetala Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 212. 1821.
Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32. 1814, nomen nudum; FI. Ind. 2: 360. 1832;
Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 615. 1930.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, overrunning rain-forest regrowths, scrambling
shrub 5=8 m. high, flowers yellow, fruit immature, native name (Chinyanja) lun-
gusi, 1300 m., Sept. 26, 1946, 17818. Native of India, now widely naturalized in
the tropics and subtropics of both the Old and New Worlds.
Pterolobium stellatum?’ (Forsk.) Brenan, comb. nov.
Mimosa stellata Forsk. Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 177. 1775; Vahl, Symb. Bot. 1: 81. 1790;
non Mimosa stellata Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 651. 1790.
EEE
27Pterolobium R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. App. 64 (1814) is conserved against Cantuffa
Gmel., but Pterolobium in the place cited is a nomen nudum. The first description ap-
pears to have been provided by Wight and Arnott, Prodr. Fl. Ind. Or. 1: 283 (1834). The
common-sense solution is, I feel, to conserve Pterolobium from the date of its first valid
_ publication.
426 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
i)
Cantuffa exosa Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2: 677. 1791.
Acacia stellata (Forsk.) Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1078. 1806.
Pterolobium lacerans R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. App. 64. 1814, nomen nudum.
Pterolobium exosum (Gmel.) Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 621. 1930; Wilczek, Fl. Congo
Belge 3: 256. 1952.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, scrambling over marginal trees of rain-
forest, shrub 10 m. high, fruit red, conspicuous, 1500 m., July 29, 1946, 17023.
Widespread in tropical Africa, with very close relatives in Arabia and further
Asia.
By the kindness of the authorities of the Botanical Museum of the University
of Copenhagen, I have been able to examine some of Forskal’s types, including
that of Mimosa stellata, He described his new species as follows: “*foliis gemi-
nis, pinnatis, 9-jugis: spinis stellatis, ternis; duabus apice recurvis. Kurmae.’’
The type consists of two sheets: the first, which I consider must be taken as the
lectotype, consists of a lateral flowering shoot with an attached leaf whose
prickles agree with Forskal’s description, also of two detached fragments in very
young fruit; the second sheet has a leafless flowering shoot and a detached leaf
with narrower leaflets than that on the first sheet; as this latter leaf has but two
prickles at each pinna-junction it does not affect the interpretation of Forskal’s
species. The whole of the first sheet and probably the second (the detached leaf
possibly excepted) are unquestionably the plant that has been known as Pterolo-
bium exosum (Gmel.) Bak. f. or P. lacerans R. Br. The first sheet shows clearly
the imbricate aestivation of the buds, the comparatively few stamens, and the
important wing beyond the single seed of the developing fruits, not to mention the
characteristic foliage, inflorescence, indumentum, and prickle-arrangement. The
type can be readily matched among specimens from N. E. Africa, e.g. Pappi 160
from Eritrea.
It will be by now clear that Forskal misinterpreted the pinnae of a bipinnate
leaf as whole leaves, but this mistake was soon put right by Vahl and Willdenow.
The new combination made above is thus necessary. I have given only the
most important synonyms; others may be found in Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 621
(1930). He does not mention Mimosa stellata or Acacia stellata, but Christensen
in Dansk Bot. Arkiv 4 (3): 29 (1922) accepts Acacia stellata as a valid name,
with A. glaucophylla Steud. as a possible synonym.
Cassia petersiana Bolle in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 13. 1861; Bak. f. Leg.
Trop. Afr. 633. 1930; Steyaert, Fl. Congo Belge 3: 508. 1952.
Blantyre District: Blantyre, in Brachystegia woodlands, shrub z m. high,
brown-pubescent, flowers yellow, showy, 1100 m., June 18, 1946, 16355. Kota-
kota District: Nchisi Mountain, occasional on edges of rain-forest, tree or shrub
3=5 m» high, flowers yellow, fruit unripe, 1650 m., July 31, 1946, 17054. Anglo-
Egyptian Sudan and Abyssinia to the Transvaal.
Cassia singueana Del, Cent. Pl. Afr. Voy. Méroé 28 (1826) var. glabra (Hutch. ex
Bak, f.) Brenan; Kew. Bull. 1949: 77. 1949,
Cassia goratensis Fresen. var. glabra Hutch. ex. Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 634. 1930.
Kasungu District: Kasungu, sporadic in Brachystegia woodland, tree or shrub
3-5 m. high, flowers yellow, native name devi-devi, 1000 m., Aug. 25, 1946,
17415. The species widespread in tropical Africa, the variety in Nyasa-
land, N. and S. Rhodesia, and (according to Baker f. 1.c.) in Kenya Colony.
Cassia grantii Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 279. 1871; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 639.
1930.
Kotarkota District: Chia area, on disturbed ground in dry sandy woodlands of
lake-plain, herb, branches prostrate, flowers yellow, 480 m., Sept. 6, 1946, 17549.
Kenya, Tanganyika Territory, Nyasaland, Portuguese East Africa, aiid Angola.
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 427
Cassia mimosoides L. Sp. Pl. 379 (1753) var. glabriuscula Ghesq. Bull. Jard.
Bot. Brux. 9: 160. 1932.
North Nyasa District: Nchenaechena, occasional in Brachystegia woodland,
shrub-1 m. high, flowers yellow, 1340 m., Aug. 21, 1946, 17372. Both the species
and the variety pantropical, teste Ghesquiére, op. cit. 161.
Bauhinia petersiana Bolle in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 24, 1861; Bak. f. Leg.
Trop. Afr. 656. 1930; Wilczek, Fl. Congo Belge 3: 274, 1952.
Blantyre District: Blantyre, in Brachystegia woodlands, tree, softly brownish-
puberulent, native name (Chinyanja) pandula, 1100 m., June 18, 1946, 16356,
Tanganyika Territory, Nyasaland, N. and S. Rhodesia, and Portuguese East
Africa.
Julbernardia paniculata (Benth.) Troupin, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 20: 316. 1950.
Berlinia paniculata Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 25: 311. 1865; Bak. f. Leg. Mas Afr.
687. 1930.
Isoberlinia paniculata (Benth.) Hutch. ex Greenway, Kew Bull. 1928: 203. 1928,
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, common locally in Brachystegia wood-
land, tree 8-12 m. high and 30 cm. in diameter, bark dark grey, rough, inner bark
yellow, branches spreading into a flat-topped crown, leaves glossy above and
beneath, flowers brown, fruit immature, native name (Chinyanja) mchenga, 1400
m., Aug. 1, 1946, 17098. Kasungu District: Kasungu, frequent in Brachystegia
woodland, tree to 15 m. tall and 30 cm. in diameter, native name (Chinyanja)
mchenga, 1000 m., Aug. 26, 1946, 17430.
Hauman, Fl. Congo Belge 3: 403 (1952) separates this from Julbernardia as
Pseudoberlinia paniculata (Benth.) Duvign.
Julbernardia globiflora (Benth.) Troupin, Buli. Jard. Bot. Brux. 20: 311. 1950.
Brachystegia globiflora Benth. Hook. Ic. Pl. 14: 43. 1881.
Berlinia globiflora (Benth.) Harms in Engl. Pflanzenw. Afr. 3 (1): 472. 1915; Bak. f.
Leg. Trop. Afr. 689. 1930.
Isoberlinia globiflora (Benth.) Hutch. ex Greenway, Kew Bull. 1928: 203. 1928,
Kota-kota District: Chia area, plentiful in sandy woodlands of lake-plain, tree
to 10 m. high, outer bark close, grey, inner bark pale, native name (Chinyanja)
kamponi, 480 m., Sept. 1, 1946, 17475. Tanganyika Territory, Nyasaland, N. and
S. Rhodesia, and Portuguese East Africa.
Hauman, Fl. Congo Belge 3: 403 (1952) separates this from Julbernardia as
Pseudoberlinia globiflora (Benth.) Duvign.
Brachystegia’™ boehmii Taub. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 197. 1895; Burtt
Davy & Hutch. Kew Bull. 1923: 151. 1923: Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 721.
1930; P. Topham, Kew Bull. 1930: 353. 1930; Hoyle, Fl. Congo Belge 3:
474, pl. 33. 1952.
Brachystegia flagristipulata Taub. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 198. 1895; Burtt
Davy & Hutch. Kew Bull. 1923: 152. 1923; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 722. 1930; P.
Topham, Kew Bull. 1930: 355. 1930.
Brachystegia filiformis Hutch. & Burtt Davy, Kew Bull. 1923: 150. 1923; Bak. f. Leg.
Trop. Afr. 722. 1930; P. Topham, Kew Bull. 1930: 356. 1930.
Kasungu District: Kasungu, one of chief species of secondary-growth wood-
lands which occupy most of this area, tree 6-8 m. high, lin fruit,] 1000 m., Aug.
26, 1946, 17428. Tanganyika Territory to S. Rhodesia, Portuguese East Africa,
and Angola, and intermediate countries.
A variable, widely distributed species which usually occupies the lower
slopes of hills and ridges and is recognized by its long drooping leaves and
pinkish-brown, rather rough pods.
lore Brachystegia by A. C. Hoyle, Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford.
428 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
‘
Brachystegia spiciformis Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 25: 312. 1866; Burtt Davy &
Hutch, Kew Bull. 1923: 159. 1923; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 727. 1930.
Brachystegia appendiculata Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 25: 313. pl. 42, 1866; Oliv. Fl.
Trop. Afr. 2: 305. 1871; Burtt Davy & Hutch. Kew Bull. 1923: 162. 1923; Bak. f.
Leg. Trop. Afr. 728. 1930; P. Topham, Kew Bull. 1930: 364. 1930.
Brachystegia randii Bak. f. Jour. Bot. 37: 433. 1899; Leg. Trop. Afr. 727. 1930; Burtt
Davy & Hutch. Kew Bull. 1923: 160. 1923; P. Topham, Kew Bull. 1930: 360. 1930.
Brachystegia bragaei Harms. Bot. Jahrb. 30: 82. 1901; Burtt Davy & Hutch. Kew Bull.
1923: 161. 1923; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 726. 1930; P. Topham, Kew Bull. 1930:
399., 1930,
Brachystegia hockii De Wild. Repert. Sp. Nov. 114: 512. 1913; Burtt Davy & Hutch.
Kew Bull. 1923: 159. 1923; P. Topham, Kew Bull. 1930: 362. 1930.
Brachystegia edulis Hutch. & Burtt Davy, Kew Bull. 1923: 162. 1923; Bak. f. Leg.
Trop. Afr. 727. 1930; P. Topham, Kew Bull. 1930: 361. 1930.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, one of the chief trees of the open woodlands,
tree up to about 10 m. high, leaves more or less concave, rather dull above, shin-
ing below, flower not seen, lin fruit,] 1500 m., June 4, 1946, 16220. Kota-kota
District: Nchisi Mountain, in Brachystegia woodland of lower slopes, not common,
tree 8-12 m. high, 20-30 cm. in diameter, bark rough, dark grey, inner bark yellow-
ish, branches spreading into a wide, flattish crown, fruit immature, 1350 m., Aug.
2, 1946, 17103; ibid., prevailing tree of the woodlands—often the only tree pres-
ent, tree 3-15 m. tall, to 40 cm. in diameter, bark rough, grey, reddish when cut,
branches forming a flattish to very flat spreading crown, leaves pale green, native
name (Chinyanja) mchenga lin fruit], 1400 m., Aug. 4, 1946, 17126, Kenya to S.
Rhodesia, Portuguese East Africa, and Angola, and intermediate countries.
This, the most widespread and variable species, is also the one on which
Bentham based his genus, using very scanty material. There are innumerable
varieties and forms, the specimens cited above representing pubescent forms al-
lied respectively to the originals of B. appendiculata (Brass 16220, 17126) and
B. hockii (Brass 17103), which are both regarded as conspecific with B. spici-
formis. The synonymy given is confined to what seems appropriate to major Nya-
saland citations of the genus, and represents only a fragment of the total.
Brachystegia taxifolia Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 33: 155. 1902; Burtt Davy & Hutch.
Kew: Bull. 1923: 153. 1923; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afe..717. 1930; Hoyle, Fi.
Congo Belge 3: 480. 1952.
Brachystegia mimosifolia Hutch. & Burtt Davy, Kew Bull. 1923: 153. 1923; Bak. f.
Leg. Trop. Afr. 717. 1930; P. Topham, Kew Bull. 1930: 353. 1930.
Mombera District: 40 miles north of Mzimba, dominant in sandy woodlands,
tree 8=10 m. high, branches horizontal, spreading into a flattish crown, [in fruit, |
1350 m., Aug. 9, 1946, 17143. Mombera or Kasungu District (?): North Road be-
tweep Mzimba and Kasungu, dominant on infertile, greyish sandy soil, tree 5-10
m. high, branches horizontal, forming a flat crown, young leaves reddish-brown,
flowers green, filaments white, [flower and fruit,] 1200 m., Aug. 23, 1946, 17385.
S. Tanganyika, Belgian Congo, N. Rhodesia, and Nyasaland.
This species has a relatively limited distribution and varies little except in
hairiness. It is interesting because of its evergreen or near-evergreen habit,
shown well by Brass 17385 which retains numerous old leaves with the new fo-
liage and flowers. There is strong circumstantial evidence from recent field ob-
servations and collections by Mr. J. P. M. Brenan in N. Rhodesia that hybrids
occur (both locally and botanically) between this species and B. boehmii.
Brachystegia utilis Hutch. & Burtt Davy, Kew Bull. 1923: 155. 1923; Bak. f. Leg.
Trop. Afr. 725. 1930; P. Topham, Kew Bull. 1930: 359. 1930, Angola cita-
tions excluded; Hoyle, Fl. Congo Belge 3: 468. 1952.
Kota-kota District: Chia area, common in sandy woodlands of lake-plain, tree
to 20 m. high, to 50 cm. in diameter, outer bark rough, inner red, leaves greyish
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 429
below, [in fruit,] 480 m., Sept. 3, 1946, 17506. Tanganyika, Belgian Congo, N.
and S. Rhodesia, Nyasaland, and Portuguese East Africa.
Normally a species of hills and upper parts of the plateaux. The specimen
collected by Mr. Brass is from an unusually low altitude, and this may account
for its being very depauperate in appearance even for Nyasaland, especially in
the pods, which usually have three or more seeds.
Dichrostachys glomerata (Forsk.) Chiov. Ann. Bot. Roma 13: 409. 1915; Hutch.
& Dalz. ex Greenway, Kew Bull. 1928: 204, 401. 1928; Bak. f. Leg. Trop.
Afr. 807. 1930; Gilbert & Boutique, Fl. Congo Belge 3: 202. 1952.
Mimosa glomerata Forsk. Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 177. 1775.
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, in dry bushy forest of river-plain, shrub 4 m.
high, native name (Chinyanja) chipungala, 200 m., Oct. 2, 1946, 17902; ibid.,
scattered in Acacia albida woodland, tree or shrub 5 m. high, basal flowers of
spike pink, others yellow, native name (Chinyanja) chisio, 200 m., Oct. 3, 1946,
17913. Native of tropical Africa and Asia, also introduced into Florida and Cuba.
Mimosa pigra L. Cent. Plant. 1: 13. 1755; Gilbert & Boutique, Fl. Congo Belge
Se 2406 1952,
Mimosa asperata L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1312. 1759; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 812. 1930.
Kota-kota District: Benga, west shore of Lake Nyasa, frequent on sandy lake-
shores, shrub 2 m. high, somewhat scrambling, flowers palest pink, 470 m., Sept.
2, 1946, 17481. Tropics of Old and New Worlds.
Acacia nigrescens Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 340. 1871; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 829.
1930.
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, frequent in open forest of river-plain,
tree to 25 m. high and to 60 cm. in diameter, deciduous, now in young leaf, flow-
ers cream-coloured, 180 m., Oct. 4, 1946, 17951. Tanganyika Territory to Natal
and the Transvaal.
Acacia campylacantha Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 242. 1847; Bak.
f, Leg. Trop. Afr. 831. 1930.
Kotaskota District: Nchisi, common in old second-growth forest, tree to 25 m.
tall and 80 cm. in diameter, fruit immature, native names (Chinyanja) minga, (Chi-
chewa) miwa, 1000 m., Aug. 1946, 17116. Widespread in tropical Africa, extend-
ing southwards to the Transvaal.
Acacia ? xiphocarpa Hochst. ex Benth. Lond. Jour. Bot. 5: 96. 1846; Pichi-
Sermolli, Miss. Stud. Lago Tana 1: 52. 1951.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, occasional in Brachystegia woodlands and
common in second-growth rain-forest in gullies on slopes of mountains, tree up
to about 12 m. high, very strikingly flat-topped, flowers not seen, fruit immature
(reddish with green margins), 1400-1500 m., June 5, 1946, 16234. Anglo-Egyptian
Sudan to S. Rhodesia.
I do not at present feel certain that the East African material named A. xipho-
carpa is identical with the Abyssinian type.
Acacia seyal Del. Fl. Aegypt. 286. pl. 52, f. 2. (1812) var. multijuga Schweinf.
ex. Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 844. 1930.
Acacia stenocarpa sensu Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr. 845. 1930; non Hochst. ex A. Rich.
Kasungu District: Kasungu, a common shrub in cuteover Brachystegia wood-
land, shrub 1=-1.5 m. high, flowers yellow, seeds green when ripe, 1000 m., Aug.
24, 1946, 17405,
This is probably a distinct species from A. seyal, and widespread in tropical
Africa. I have used the varietal name, as it is the only certain available one for
430 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
‘
this plant at present. See Brenan, Check-lists For. Trees & Shrubs Brit. Emp.
5 (Tanganyika Territory) (2): 338 (1949).
Acacia (cf.) subalata Vatke, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. »0: 276. 1880; Bak. f. Leg.
Trop. Afr. 850. 1930.
Acacia benthami Rochebr. Toxic. Afr. 2: 192. 1898; non A. benthamii Meisn. in Lehm.
Pl. Preiss. 11. 184445,
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, in Acacia albida woodland, tree or shrub 5 m.
high, flowers yellow, 200 m., Oct. 3, 1946, 17914. Somaliland to the Transvaal
and Natal. .
The determination is probably right, but I should feel happier with pods.
Acacia xanthophloea Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 511. 1875; Bak. f. Leg. Trop.
Afr. 851. 1930.
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, common on sandy river-banks, tree
to 20 m. high and 0.5 m. in diameter, bark yellow, very conspicuous, flowers yel-
low, fruit young, native name (Chinyanja) chezimi, 200 m., Oct. 3, 1946, 17928.
Kenya to the Transvaal and Zululand.
Albizzia harveyi Fourn. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 12: 399. 1865; Bak. f. Leg. Trop. Afr.
865. 1930; Gilbert & Boutique, Fl. Congo Belge 3: 173. 1952.
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, frequent in Acacia albida woodland, tree 5=6 m.
high, flowers greenish-white, fragrant, 200 m., Oct. 3, 1946, 17912. Kenya, Tan-
ganyika Territory, Nyasaland, N. and S. Rhodesia, Portuguese East Africa, Bech-
uanaland, and the Transvaal.
Albizzia gummifera (J. F. Gmel.) C. A. Sm. Kew Bull. 1930: 218. 1930; Brenan,
Kew Bull. 1952: 511. 1953.
Sassa gummifera J. F. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2: 1038. 1791.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, frequent in gulley rain-forest, tree up to 12 m.
high, 10-50 cm. in diameter at breast-height, branches flat, spreading, making a
handsome pale-foliaged tree, flowers not seen, fruit immature, 1450 m., June 5,
1946, 16255. Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, abundant ‘in rain-forest canopy
layer, tree to 30 m. high and 60 cm. in diameter, deciduous, young leaves reddish,
conspicuous in the forest, in bud only, native name tanga-tanga, 1200 m., Sept.
25, 1946, 17803. Southeastern Nigeria, Cameroons, Spanish Guinea, Gaboon,
Belgian Congo, Abyssinia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika Territory, Portuguese
East Africa, Nyasaland, S. Rhodesia, and Angola.
Albizzia adianthifolia (Schumach.) W. F. Wight, U. S. Dep. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull.
137: 12. 1909; Brenan, Kew Bull. 1952: 520. 1953.
Mimosa adianthifolia Schumach. in Schumach. & Thonn. Beskriv. Guin. Pl. 322. 1827.
CHolo District: Cholo Mountain, Cholo, plentiful in rain-forests, tree 20-30 m.
high and up to 75 cm. in diameter, flowers white, native name ‘tanga-tanga, 1100
m., Sept. 29, 1946, 17859. Widely distributed in tropical Africa, from Senegal in
the west to Uganda in the east, and as far southwards as the Transvaal and
Natal.
ROSACEAE
Parinari mobola Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 368. 1871; Hauman, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux.
po Os ses
North Nyasa District: Nchena-chena, occasional in Brachystegia woodlands,
much branched and shapely tree to 12 m. tall and to 35 cm. in diameter, young
leaves and shoots brown-pubescent, flowers pink, native name (Chinyanja) muula,
1340 m., Aug. 21, 1946, 17377. Kasungu District: Kasungu, frequent in Brachy-
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 431
stegia woodland, tree to 12 m. tall and 60 cm. in diameter, flowers pale pink,
1000 m., Aug. 26, 1946, 17423. Kota-kota District: Chia area, common in sandy
woodlands of lake plain, tree to 20 m. high and to 60 cm. in diameter, flowers
pale pink, native name (Chinyanja) muula, 480 m., Sept. 1, 1946, 17467. Kenya,
Tanganyika Territory, Belgian Congo, Portuguese East Africa, N. and S. Rho-
desia, Nyasaland, Angola, and the Transvaal.
Some authors have included this under P. curatellifolia Planch., but P. mobola
differs in the brown, denser, more spreading hair on the inflorescence, contrasting
with the usually silvery-grey and more appressed hair of the former. The two may
not be specifically distinct, however, for intermediates certainly occur.
Hirtella zanzibarica Oliv. Hook. Ic. Pl. pl. 1193. 1876; Brenan, Trop. Woods 86:
5. 1946, :
Kota-kota District: Chia area, common on banks of waterholes in dry wood-
lands of lake-plain, tree to 25 m. high and to 50 cm. in diameter, inflorescence
viscid, petals white, fugacious, calyx and stamens green, native name (Chin-
yanja) kalango, 480 m., Sept. 3, 1946, 17514. Kenya to Portuguese East Africa
and Nyasaland.
Hirtella bangweolensis (R.E.Fr.) Greenway, Kew Bull. 1928: 199. 1928; Hauman,
Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 21: 183. 1951.
Parinari bangweolense R, E. Fr. Repert. Sp. Nov. 12: 540. 1913.
Kota-kota District: Chia area, common in sandy woodlands, tree to 6<15 m.
high and to 40 cm. in diameter, flowers white, native name (Chinyanja) mchenja,
480 m., Sept. 1, 1946, 17463. The first record from Nyasaland; previously known
only from SW. Tanganyika Territory and N. Rhodesia, with a variety, according
to Hauman (l.c.), in the Bas-katanga District of the Belgian Congo.
Pygeum africanmn Hook f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 7: 191. 1864.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, tree 25 m. high and 40 cm. in diameter,
petioles red, leaves dark green and glossy above, much paler below, flowers dry,
fruit immature, 1500 m., July 29, 1946, 17026. Widespread on the hills and moun-
tains of tropical and South Africa.
Alchemilla nyikensis De Wild. Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 7: 376. 1921.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, plentiful in grass on marshy ground,
herb, flowers green later reddish, 2300 m., Aug. 13, 1946, 17201.
I have compared Brass 17201 with the type of A. nytkensis at the British Mu-
seum (Natural History), collected by M. M. S. Henderson on the Nyika Plateau
in 1903,
Rubus exsuccus Steud. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 256. 1847; Gustafsson,
Ark. Bot. 26A7: 36, 1934,
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, frequent in rain-forest regrowth, subscandent
shrub 2 m. high, petals none, filaments pale purple, 1200 m., Sept. 19, 1946,
17653; ibid., scrambling shrub 2=3 m. high, fruit black when ripe, good-flavoured,
1200 m., Sept. 21, 1946, 17706. East Africa, from Abyssinia to Nyasaland and
probably S. Rhodesia.
Rubus rigidus Sm. f. lachnocarpus Gust. Bot. Notiser 1932: 18. 1932; Ark. Bot.
26A’: 58. 1934,
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, frequent in moist grassy clearings, weak
shrub 1 m. high, leaves whitish below, petals and filaments pale purple, 1400 m.,
May 28, 1946, 16070; ibid., occasional in open grasslands, shrub about 1 m. high,
fruit about 2 cm. in diameter, orange-red, sweet and palatable, 1770 m., May 31,
1946, 16138. The species (in a wide sense) from Uganda to South Africa; the
432 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
%
form from Tanganyika Territory, Nyasaland, Portuguese East Africa, and S.
Rhodesia.
Rubus ellipticus Sm. in Rees, Cyclop. 30: no. 16. 1819; Focke, Bibl. Bot. 177:
1985-1 55st.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, frequent in grassy clearings, shrub to 3 m.
high, very robust, canes stout, red-hairy, leaves grey-green beneath, flowers
white, 1400 m., May 28, 1946, 16065, Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya
Plateau, plentiful in forest regrowth, shrub up to 6 m. high, canes red-hairy, very
stout, arched or scrambling, flowers white, fruit not seen, 1890 m., June 30,
1946, 16543.
This species is not a native of Africa, but has a wide distribution in Asia
(India, Ceylon, Burma, China, Philippines), and is said by Focke to be natural-
ised in Jamaica. It has evidently been on Mlanje for some years. I am indebted
to my friend and former colleague Mr. A. C. Hayle, Curator of the Herbarium of
the Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford, for informing me of the following sheet in
that herbarium: Nyasaland: On Mlanje at Woodmen’s camp, fruit yellow, small,
edible, agreeably acid, Sept. 24, 1929, Burtt Davy 22060.
In the same herbarium there is a sheet of this species taken from a plant cul-
tivated at Amani, Tanganyika Territory (Greenway 1742),
As Rubus ellipticus is unmentioned in Gustafsson’s recent revision of the
African Rubi (Ark. Bot. 26A7: 1-68, 1934) and its identification may be thus a
matter of difficulty, it may be helpful to mention here the salient features of this
very striking species. The most obviously unusual character is the long red-
purple setae that more or less densely clothe the stems, petioles, and petiolules;
they are present on the inflorescence, but less dense. The leaflets are three per
leaf, usually grey- or white-tomentose beneath and obtuse or scarcely pointed at
the apex. The inflorescence is composed of short axillary branches and a dense,
many-flowered extra-axillary portion. The flowers are mediumesized. This come
bination of characters (and especially the dense setae) will separate R. ellipticus
from all the species described from tropical Africa. :
Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J. F. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2: 613. 1791.
Banksia [**Bankesia’’| abyssinica Bruce, Trav. Egypt, Arabia, Abyss. & Nubia 5:
73¢ 4790.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, plentiful in upper montane forest of es-
carpment, also in second-growth forest, tree to 12 m. tall and to 30 cm. in diam-
eter, bark brown, flaky, leaves viscid, inflorescences on lateral branches which
dry and drop off after fruiting, 2350 m., Aug. 17, 1946, 17298. Mountains of east
and central Africa from the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and Abyssinia to Nyasaland.
Cliffortia nitidula (Engl.) R. E. & T. C. E. Fr. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 8: 649.
1923; Weim. Monogr. Gen. Cliffortia 47. 1934,
Cliffortia linearifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. var. nitidula Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 26: 376. 1899.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya plateau, plentiful in forest re-
growth and in forest-border shrubberies, shrub up to 4 m. high, leaves convex,
glossy, flowers greenish, 1870 m., June 27, 1946, 16457. Kenya to S. Rhodesia
and Angola; a distinct subspecies in South Africa, according to Weimarck.
Weimarck (op. cit.) separates a species from Kenya, C. aequatorialis R. E. &
T. C. E. Fr., from C. nitidula by the usually more revolute .leaflet-margins and
by the leaflets having a small red gland at the apex. The leaflet-margins of C.
aequatorialis are more constantly and strongly revolute than in typical C. nz-
tidula, though exactly comparable with those plants from Angola which Weimarck
has called C. nitidula subsp. angolensis; and occasional leaves equally strongly
revolute may be seen on plants of typical C. nitidula. I have observed a ‘‘gland”’
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 433
similar to that of C. aequatorialis on the leaves of all gatherings of C. nitidula
examined, though the “*gland”’ is there often unpigmented, and in the Angola spec-
imens apparently always so. It should be noted that this pigment is not restricted
to the ‘‘gland’’ but may cover the whole leaf-tip. I have been unable to detect
any significant differences between C. nitidula, C. aequatorialis, and C. nitidula
subsp. angolensis. The width of the sepals in the S flowers, the degree of their
connation, and the number of stamens seem to vary considerably. Kenya material
has four stamens and rather deeply divided lobes, but this may readily be matched
in other parts of the range. The narrower sepals of C. nitidula subsp. angolensis,
mentioned by Weimarck, are narrower only than in some specimens of typical C. ni-
tidula. Thus in Welwitsch 1277 (Angola), one of the specimens on which the sub-
species was based, they are 1.6=1.75 mm.-wide; while, among specimens of typi-
cal C. nitidula, Brass 16457 and Wild 1442 (S. Rhodesia) have them 1.4 mm. wide
and in Fries, Norlindh & Weimarck 3685 (S. Rhodesia) they are 1.5 mm. wide.
The three plants under discussion appear then to be geographical variations,
separable only by slight differences in foliage, not of specific, or in my opinion,
of subspecific significance. I therefore propose the two following varieties:=
Cliffortia nitidula var. angolensis (Veim.) Brenan, stat. nov.
Cliffortia nitidula subsp. angolensis Weim. Monogr. Gen. Cliffortia 47. 1934.
Leaflets normally linear, parallel-sided, and green at the apex, not oblanceo-
late as in typical C. nitidula.
Cliffortia nitidula var. aequatorialis (R. E. & T. C. E. Fr.) Brenan, comb. nov.
Cliffortia aequatorialis R. E. & T. C. E. Fr. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 8: 649. 1923;
Weim. Monogr. Gen. Cliffortia 50. 1934,
Leaflets as in the preceding variety but purple-tipped, especially when young.
A’ single gathering, Welwitsch 1277c (on Morro de Lopollo, Apr. 1860), has
been made in Angola of a plant in leaflet-shape very close to typical C. nitidula,
but differing in having most of the internodes glabrous. More material must show
whether this is a constant variation.
Cliffortia nitidula subsp. pilosa Weim. Monogr. Gen. Cliffortia 49 (1934) ap-
pears to be quite distinct.
SAXIFRAGACEAE
Choristylis rhamnoides Harv. Lond. Jour. Bot. 1: 19. 1842.
Choristylis shirensis Bak. f. Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 4: 13. 1894.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, southwest ridge, in stunted forest on banks
of a stream, tree 3=4 m. high, 2120 m., June 28, 1946, 16507. Uganda to the Cape.
There is a tendency for the tropical plants to have broader and more sharply
pointed leaves than those at the Cape, but the difference is at best very slight;
it is also inconstant and I consider decidedly not a specific one. Dissection of
the flowers shows no other difference worth worrying about.
CRASSULACEAE
Crassula pentandra (Royle ex Edgew.) Schonl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf.
52. 473.1890,
Tillaea pentandra Royle ex Edgew. Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 50. 1846.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, occasional in tufts on exposed mossy rocks,
herb 10 cm. high, fleshy, flowers green, 1400 m., May 30, 1946, 16092; ibid., con-
_ fined to dry sunny rocks and moist or wet open seepage slopes, herb 5-15 cm.
high, fleshy, flowers greenish, 1500 m., June 5, 1946, 16261. Anglo-Egyptian
Sudan to Nyasaland and Angola, also on the Cameroon Mountain in West Africa,
and in Socotra, Arabia, and India.
434 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
Crassula pentandra (Royle ex Edgew.) Schonl. var. denticulata Brenan, var. nov.
A typo differt foliorum marginibus incrassatis minute papillosis denticula-
tisque, sepalis apice longe attenuatis et ibi albidis ac sparse papilosodaml-
culatis.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common locally on tops
of exposed rocks in grassland, herb 10-20 cm. high, reddish, fleshy, 2200 m.,
July 11, 1946, 16784 (TYPUS varietatis).
Besides the above, the following specimen is also to be referred to this vari-
ety: TIBET: Kyi Chu Valley near Lhasa, Aug. 1904, Capt. H. J. Walton s.n. (Herb.
Kew.).
This new variety seems to differ from the type of the species only in the de-
velopment of papillae or denticles on the leaf-margins and sepals. This is par-
ticularly noticeable in the apical tufts of young leaves where the roughened
apices are numerous and close together. The Tibetan specimen is a dwarf form
with stems only up to 4 cm. long, contrasting with the Nyasaland gathering whose
stenis are up to 20 cm. long. The habit of Crassula pentandra varies widely, and
seems to be of no taxonomic significance.
Crassula sarcocaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. Pl. Afr. Austr. 295. 1837; Schonl.
Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. 17: 214. 1929.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, stems very thick and
pitted, leaves fleshy, subterete, flowers white, 2150 m., July 9, 1946, 16746.
Nyasaland and South Africa.
This plant has been previously collected on Mlanje Mountain, in 1897 (Adam-
son 423) and in 1901 (Purves 30); both these specimens are at Kew and have pre-
viously not been certainly identified, though both C. parvisepala Schonl. and C.
ericoides Haw. have been suggested as possible affinities; neither of these spe-
cies is the same as the Nyasaland plant. I can find no significant difference
between these Nyasaland gatherings and C. sarcocaulis, although the latter has
been previously recorded from South Africa only. The distribution is unlikely to
be as discontinuous as it seems, and C. sarcocaulis should be sought for in oe
mountains of Southern Rhodesia.
Crassula globularioides Britten in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 389. 1871.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, plentiful on rocks on a sunny seepage slope,
perennial herb 5-10 cm. high, leaves succulent, apex red, unopened flowers white,
other parts of inflorescence red, a very attractive species, forming small ‘‘dinner-
mats,’’ 1450 m., June 9, 1946, 16327, Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya
Plateau, very abundant on dry rocks in grassland, herb 3-10 cm. high, growing in
compact clumps, a very attractive species, petals white, calyx and bracts red,
2150 m., July 11, 1946, 16798. Apparently endemic to Nyasaland.
Crassula alba Forsk. Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 60. 1775.
Crassula abyssinica A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 309. 1848; Schonl. Trans. Roy.
Soc.-Sy Ais... 172-226; 1979:
Crassula mannii Hook. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 7: 193. 1864; Hutch. & Dalz. Fl. W.
Trop. Afr. 1: 103, 104. 1927.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, occasional on open grassy slopes, herb 20-
40 cm. high, leaves fleshy, flowers white, the corolla persistent and reddish in
fruit, 1500 m., June 5, 1946, 16235. Arabia, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan to the Trans-
vaal, also on the Cameroon Mountain and in Angola.
Although Hutchinson and Dalziel (1.c.) maintain C. mannii Hook. f. as dis-
' tinct, I agree with Britten (in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 388, 389. 1871) and, ap-
parently, Berger (in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. ed. 2. 18a: 394. 1930) in be-
ing unable to separate the Cameroon Mountain plant from that in East Africa.
Whether the varieties established by Schénland under C. abyssinica (Bot. Jahrb.
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 435
43: 359-60. 1909) are significant must be decided by more ample material and by
careful observation in the field. For the present I would prefer merely to regard
this plant as a variable species.
Crassula ? rosularis Haw. Rev. Pl. Succ. 13. 1821; Schénl. Trans. Roy. Soc. S.
A, 1772435. 1929.
A photograph and a specimen in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew, of a cultivated plant in the New York Botanical Garden, said to have been
collected by Mr. Brass on the Vernay Nyasaland Expedition, may be C. rosularis,
but the material is insufficient for certainty. C. rosularis has hitherto been con-
sidered to occur only in South Africa.
Crassula ? argyrophylla Diels ex Schont. & Bak. f. Jour. Bot. 40: 290. 1902;
| Schonl. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. 17: 258. 1929.
’ Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, in shallow soil on exposed or half-shaded dry
rocks, herb, flowers white, 1500 m., June 10, 1946, 16329*, Mlanje District:
Mlanje Mountain, west slope, scattered or grouped on dry open rock-faces, herb
15=20 cm. high, leaves thick and fleshy, flat or more or less convex, often red-
dish, flowers white, 1420 m., June 24, 1946, 16412. Kota-kota District: Chenga
Hill, gregarious on dry exposed rocks, 10-15 cm. high, flowers white, an attrac-
tive species, 1600 m., Sept. 9, 1946, 17611. Nyasaland ?, S. Rhodesia to South
Africa.
The differences between Nyasaland plants and those from South Africa—the
leaves of the former usually more hairy, with a strong tendency to become sub-
orbicular—are probably of no great systematic importance, but it seems wiser not
to be too confident about the identification until more abundant material is avail-
able from the whole geographical range of the species. Plants similar to those of
Mr. Brass have been previously collected in Nyasaland (Purves 117 in Herb.
Kew.). I suspect that Crassula illichiana Engl. ex Engl. & Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 39:
465 (1907), described from the Usambara Mountains in Tanganyika Territory, may
be another form or variety of C. argyrophylla with more hair than usual.
Kalanchoé lanceolata (Forsk.) Pers. Syn. 1: 446. 1805; Raymond-Hamet, Bull.
Herb. Boiss. II. 8: 32. 1908.
Cotyledon lanceolata Forsk. Fl. Aegypt,-Arab. 89. 1775.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, in shallow soil on dry rocks in Brachy-
stegia woodland, herb 20-60 cm. high, flowers orange-yellow, panicle viscid-
pubescent, fruiting calyx reddish, 1400 m., Aug. 5, 1946, 17134. Chikwawa Dis-
trict: Chikwawa, occasional in dry brushy forest of elevated alluvial plain, annual
herb 60-80 cm. high, fleshy, leaves mostly dry, flowers orange-red, 200 m., Oct.
2, 1946, 17887. Anglo-Egyptian Sudan to S. Rhodesia, Angola, and Nigeria; also
in Arabia and India.
Kalanchoé lateritia Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 189 (1895) var. zimbabwensis
(Rendle) Brenan, comb. nov.
Kalanchoe zimbabwensis Rendle, Jour. Bot. 79: 90. 1932.
Mlanje District: Likubula Gorge, rocky places in Brachystegia woodland, herb
20-40 cm. high, fleshy, leaves reddish, flowers yellow, attractive, 840 m., July
18, 1946, 16879. The species in Kenya and Tanganyika Territory, the variety in
Nyasaland and S. Rhodesia.
This plant belongs to a complex which Raymond-Hamet in his monograph of
Kalanchoé (Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 8: 36. 1908) grouped under the specific name
K, velutina Welw. ex Britten, which, however, appears to represent a distinct spe-
cies that I have only seen from Angola. The next available name seems to be
K. lateritia Engl., based on a plant from Tanganyika Territory and Kenya with
usually +:laxly branched jnflorescences and often narrow and acuminate calyx-
436 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
teeth. However, none of these characters is constant and the species seems very
variable in habit, leaf-size, crenation, amount of indumentum, size and density of
inflorescence, calyx, etc. The varietal name proposed above seems worth retain-
ing provisionally for several gatherings from S. Rhodesia and Nyasaland with very
condensed, densely hairy inflorescence and rather broader, acute but scarcely
acuminate calyx-teeth. Mr. Brass’ is the first gathering of this plant made in
Nyasaland, except for a very scrappy specimen collected by Whyte on Mt. Chirad-
zulu, which may belong here.
Since the preceding paragraphs were written, Raymond-Hamet (Bol. Soc. Brot.
II. 24: 97 et seq. 1950) has admitted that K. lateritia (and K. angolensis N.E. Br.)
are specifically distinct from K. velutina, and discusses the latter species at
great length. But nothing is said of K. zimbabwensis.
DROSERACEAE
Drosera burkeana Planch, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 9: 192, 1848; Diels, Pflanzenreich
26 (417): 88. 1906,
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, seepage-wet ground in Brachystegia
woodland, 10-30 cm. high, flowers white, 1400 m., July 29, 1946, Shortridge
17013. Uganda to South Africa.
Drosera madagascariensis DC, Prodr, 1: 318. 1824; Diels, Pflanzenreich 26 (4**?):
98. 1906.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, several plants on a sunny seepage slope,
herb 2-40 cm. high, leaf-hairs red, flower not seen, 1700 m., May 31, 1946, 16107.
Widespread in tropical Africa, also in South Africa and Madagascar.
Drosera sp.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, on rocky grassJand
slopes, herb 15-20 cm. high, leaves reddish, flowers pink, 1900 m., June 25,
1946, 16429, | |
This plant is evidently very closely allied to D. burkeana Planch., differing
in the broader petioles which gradually expand into the laminae. In this, as well
as in general appearance, it-much resembles D. natalensis Diels, Pflanzenreich
26 (4+): 93 (1906), a species previously recorded only from Natal and Pondoland.
Diels separates D. natalensis and D. burkeana by seed-shape, among other things.
Mr. Brass’ specimens do not show fruit, and for the same reason I have been un-
able to check the validity of the seed-character in the very limited material of D.
natalensis available to me. I therefore feel it wiser to leave Mr. Brass’ gathering
unnamed for the present, to await further material.
¥, MY ROTHAMNACEAE
Myrothamnus flabellifolia Welw. Apont. 578, 1858; Weim. Bot. Notiser 1936: 451~
462, 1936,
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, plentiful on an exposed rocky summit, bushy
shrub 30-50 cm. nigh, fragrant with an odour very much like that of sandalwood
oil, natives use an infusion of the leaves for bathing sick children, 1820 m., May
31, 1946, 16132. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, southwest ridge, common lo-
cally on rocks wet with seepage, shrub 1=1.5 m. high, leaves reddish, fragrant
with an odour like that of sandalwood oil, 2120 m., June 28,.1946, 16506, Kenya
and Tanganyika Territory to the Transvaal and southwest Africa.
Weimarck (l.c.) recognises two subspecies in addition to typical M. flabelli-
folia. Mr. Brass’ specimens would probably come under subsp. e/ongata Weim.
For the present I would prefer to look upon M. flabellifolia as a rather variable
species, but not to attempt to make subspecies for what may simply be responses
to environment.
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 437
COMBRETACEAE
Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC. Prodr. 3: 13. 1828; Engl. & Diels in Engl.
Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 4: 20. 1900.
Kota-kota District: Kasabula’s Village, scattered on open ridges, tree about
15 m. tall and 30 cm, in diameter, bark rough, foliage grey, native name (Chin-
yanja) napini, 1000 m., Aug. 3, 1946, 17123. Kasungu District: Kasungu, common
in Brachystegia woodlands, tree 10-12 m. high and 30-35 cm. in diameter, foliage
greyish, grows to a much larger size on moist sandy soil, native name (Chinyanja)
napini, 1000 m., Aug. 24, 1946, 17410. Tanganyika Territory to South Africa,
very variable.
Terminalia sp.
Blantyre District: Blantyre, in Brachystegia woodlands, tree, fruits reddishe
brown, 1100 m., June 17, 1946, 16347. Kota-kota District: Chia area, woodlands
of dry lake-plain, tree 10 m. high, 480 m., Sept. 6, 1946, 17551.
Brass 17551 is in my opinion conspecific with rather numerous specimens from
Portuguese East Africa (Kirk. s.n., Moramballa, etc.), Nyasaland (Clements 137,
etc.), N. Rhodesia (Trapnell 1464, Michelmore 609, etc.), and S. Rhodesia (Eyles
6394, 7653, 8588, Pardy P. 121/33, etc.) This species is a close relative of
T. mollis Laws., which I would look on as a widespread plant, embracing the
Rhodesian T. suberosa R. E. Fr. and T. rhodesica R. E. Fr. The plant exempli-
fied by Brass 17551 differs from T. mollis in the more slender twigs, smaller
leaves, young shoots more shortly tomentose, leaves rarely showing secondary
lateral nerves, inflorescences normally shorter than the leaves, etc. These dif-
ferences are admittedly not very much, but they seem to work with a rather wide
range of material and in my view are specific; the facies of the two species is
also different and to distinguish between them in the herbarium is not so difficult
as it sounds; there are, however, a few specimens which may be hybrids. The
other difficulty is that the differences are mostly derived from fruiting specimens,
and I do not feel certain that the rather sparse flowering material is correctly cor-
related. What is so badly wanted, here and in other species of Terminalia, is
collections made from the same tree at different times of year. Until workers in
the field are prepared to take the extra trouble of doing this, they must be pre-
pared for vague and uncertain identifications. I am therefore leaving Mr. Brass’
specimen unnamed, in the hope that this note may stimulate somebody to collect
this species adequately.
Combretum imberbe Wawra, Sitz.-Ber. Akad. Wien Math.-Naturw. 38: 557. 1859;
Engl. & Diels in Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 3: 14. 1899.
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, plentiful in open forest of river
plains, tree to 25 m. high and 70 cm. in diameter, bark hard, deeply fissured, dark
grey, leaves greyish-green, native name simbidi, 180 m., Oct. 4, 1946, 17948,
Tanganyika Territory to Bechuanaland and the Transvaal.
The varieties given by Engler and Diels (1.c.) seem to be of little worth.
Combretum gueinzii Sond. Linnaea 23: 43. 1850; Engl. & Diels in Engl. Monogr.
Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 3: 38. 1899.
Kasungu District: Kasungu Hill, occasional on dry rocky slopes, tree 7-8 m.
high, native name (Chinyanja) pakasa, 1100 m., Aug. 28, 1946, 17455. Anglo-
Egyptian Sudan to South Africa.
Combretum ternifolium Engl. & Diels in Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 3:
49. 1899.
Kota-kota District: Chia area, frequent in dry woodlands of lake plain, tree
8-10 m. high, wholly or partially deciduous, flowers usually appearing before the
leaves, petals yellow, filaments white, native name (Chinyanja) mpakash, 480 m.,
438 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
Sept. 7, 1946, 17565. Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, frequent on creek-flats in
dry woodlands, tree 10-12 m. high, deciduous, now in young leaf, flowers green-
ish, 300 m., Oct. 5, 1946, 17978. Tanganyika Territory to S. Rhodesia and Por-
tuguese East Africa.
Combretum mechowianum QO, Hoffm. Linnaea 43: 131. 1880-82; Engl. & Diels in
Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 3: 55. 1899.
Kasungu District: Kasungu, in village, tree 12 m. high and 40 cm. in diameter,
attractive, with dense foliage and drooping branches, flowers greenish-white,
1000 m., Aug. 27, 1946, 17443. Tanganyika Territory (?) to Bechuanaland.
Combretum zeyheri Sond. Linnaea 23: 46. 1850; Engl. & Diels in Engl. Monogr.
Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 3: 59. 1899,
Kota-kota District: Kasabula’s Village, common about villages, tree to 25 m.
tall and 50 cm. in diameter, 1000 m., Aug. 3, 1946, 17113. Kasungu District:
Kasungu, sporadic in Brachystegia woodland, tree 56 m. high, 1000 m., Aug. 26,
1946, 17429, Tanganyika Territory to South Africa.
Combretum transvaalense Schinz, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 202. 1894; Burtt Davy, Fl.
Transv. 1: 246. 1926.
Combretum porphyrolepis Engl. & Diels in Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 3:
63. 1899.
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, common in woodlands of stony ridges, tree 6=8
m. high, deciduous, new leaves appearing with the flowers, flowers white, 300 m.,
Oct. 5, 1946, 17990. Tanganyika Territory to the Transvaal, but not previously
recorded from Nyasaland.
Combretum oatesii Rolfe in Oates, Matabeleland ed. 2. 399. pl. 10. 1889; Engl.
& Diels in Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 3: 68. 1899.
Kota-kota District: Chia area, common locally in sandy woodlands of dry lake-
plain, shrub about 30 cm. high, new flowering shoots now appearing after burning
of the grass, flowers red, 480 m., Sept. 6, 1946, 17554. Dedza District: Dedza,
sporadic in Brachystegia woodland, shrub, young shoots flowering after the burn-
ing of the grass, flowers red, conspicuous, 1500 m., Sept. 13, 1946, 17634: South-
western Tanganyika Territory, Nyasaland, and N. and S. Rhodesia.
Combretum microphyllum Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 74. 1861; Engl.
& Diels in Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 3: 70. 1899.
Kota-kota District: Kasabula’s Village, in second-growth forest, subscandent
shrub 4 m. high, semideciduous, flowers red, 1000 m., Aug. 3, 1946, 17121. Chik-
wawa District: Chikwawa, occasional in brushy forest of high alluvial plain, shrub
2~3 m. high, deciduous, now in young leaf, flowers red, fruit imm:.ture, 200 m.,
Oct. Z, 1946, 17886.
Combretum carvalhoi [‘*Carvalhi’’] Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost.-Afr. C: 292. 1895; Engl.
& Diels in Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 3: 70. 1899.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, in primary rain-forest, vine 20-25 m. high,
leaf-midribs red beneath, 1200 m., Sept. 28, 1946, 17855. Portuguese East Africa,
and now new to Nyasaland. .
Combretum mossambicense (Klotzsch) Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost.-Afr. C: 292. 1895;
Engl. & Diels in Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 3: 98. 1899.
Poivrea mossambicensis Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 78. 1861.
Kota=kota District: Chia area, occasional on termite mounds in dry woodlands
of lake-plain, scandent shrub 5=10 m. high, petals pink, filaments white, anthers
brownish-pink, style green, native name (Chinyanja) ntambi, 480 m., Sept. 6, 1946,
17558. Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, frequent in Acacia albida woodland, sub-
>
;
1954| PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 439
scandent shrub 2=4 m. high, deciduous, now coming into leaf, flowers white, 200
m., Oct. 3, 1946, 17926. Tanganyika Territory, Portuguese East Africa, Nyasa-
land, N. and S. Rhodesia.
MYRTACEAE
Syzygium cordatum Hochst. ex. Krauss, Flora 27: 425, 1844.
Kotaskota District: Nchisi Mountain, the principal tree in forests of moist
gullies, tree to 16 m. tall and 50 cm. in diameter, leaves more or less glabrous,
flowers greenish-white, native name (Chinyanja) mnyowi, 1300 m., Aug. 5, 1946,
17129. Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, common in moist gullies in Brachystegia
woodland and on edge of rain forest, tree ta 10 m. high and 0.4 m. in diameter,
bark thick, rough, leaves glaucous beneath, flowers white, native name (Chin-
yanja) nyowi, 1200 m., Sept. 26, 1946, 17825. East and South Africa from Uganda
to Natal.
Syzygium masukuénse (Bak.) R. E. Fr. Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod.-Kongo Exp.
I; 177. 1914,
Eugenia masukuensis Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 267, 1897.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, in rain forest, tree 10 m. high and 40 cm.
in diameter, leaves yellowish beneath, flowers white, buds reddish, 1600 m., July
26, 1946, 16966. Endemic to Nyasaland.
Syzygium guineénse (Willd.) DC. Prodr. 3: 259. 1828.
Calyptranthes guineensis Willd. Sp. Pl. 2: 974. 1800.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, common in primary rain-forest, tree 15=
20 m. high and 25-30 cm. in diameter, flowers white, 1500 m., July 29, 1946,
17027.?7© ? District: North Road, between Mzimba and Kasungu, in Brachystegia
woodland, tree 5-6 m. high, flowers white, 1200 m., Aug. 23, 1946, 17382.?7° Wide-
spread in tropical Africa, extending into South Africa.
MELASTOMATACEAE
Osbeckia Shae apa Gilg in Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 2: 8. 1898.
Mlanje District: Likubula Gorge, occasional on moist sandy banks of river,
shrub 1=2 m. high, flowers rose-pink, fruits, dry, 840 m., June 20, 1946, 16384.
Abyssinia to Nyasaland.
Antherotoma naudini Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 745. 1867; Gilg in
Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 2: 9. 1898.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, occasional along paths and on moist open
slopes in woodlands, 10-15 cm. high, upper leaves reddish, reflexed, flowers
pale pink, 1500 m., June 5, 1946, 16233. _ Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain,
plentiful on shallow seepage-wet soil in Brachystegia woodland, herb 5=10 cm.
high, flowers purple, 1400 m., July 24, 1946, 16914. Madagascar, and widespread
in tropical Africa.
Dissotis debilis (Sond.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: .58. 1871; ‘Gilg in Engl.
Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 2: 14. 1898,
Osbeckia debilis Sond. Linnaea 23: 47. 1850.
Blantyre District: Blantyre, in Brachystegia woodlands, herb 20-50 cm. high,
stems usually several to many, erect from a woody base, flowers purple, 1100 m.,
June 18, 1946, 16383. Kota-kota District: Kota-kota, in grass country, shrub 0.6
m. high, flowers purple, 460 m., Aug. 7, 1946, Shortridge 17393. Widespread in
East Africa, Angola, and Sauth Africa.
27b 17027 is var. guineense, 17382 var. macrocarpum Engl. Pflanzenw. Afr. 3: 738
(1921), both widespread in tropical Africa, the latter in savannah.
|
440 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
Dissotis johnstoniana Bak. f. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. Il. 4: 14. pl. 2, f, 13-17,
1894; Gilg in Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 2: 16. 1898.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, west slopes, common on open rocky slopes,
shrub 1=1.5 m. high, leaves often purplish, flower deep blackish-purple, 1680 m.,
June 21, 1946, 16402; Luchenya Plateau, on dry grassy edges of forest, shrub
about 1.5 m. high, branches erect, numerous, leaves rugose, flowers very deep
purple, 1900 m., July 7, 1946, 16716; Chambe Plateau, common in secondary for-
est growths, shrub 2 m. high, leaves purplish above, pale green beneath, flowers
rich dark purple, calyx and filaments red, 2000 m., July 9, 1946, 16768; west
slope, plentiful on open rocky slopes, shrub 1.5=2 m. high, flowers deep purple,
very showy, 1850 m., July 18, 1946, 16861. Portuguese East Africa and
Nyasaland.
The first three cited numbers agree with the type of this species in the Brit-
ish Museum Herbarium in having glabrous receptacles. Brass 16861, however,
has a few bristles round the apex of the receptacle, near the insertion of the se-
pals; it thus forms a transition to the following variety, and argues in favour of
its being no more than a variety.
Dissotis johnstoniana Bak. f. var. strigosa Brenan, var. nov.
A typo differt receptaculo extra setis appressis simplicibus superne albidis
basi incrassatis saepe purpurascentibus ubique satis dense munito, necnon caulis
nodis et foliis longius crebriusque strigosis.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Chambe Plateau, frequent on rocky grass
slopes, shrub about 2 m. high, leaves rugose, yellowish beneath, calyx and fila-
ments red, petals dark velvety purple, 2100 m., July 9, 1946, 16757 (TYPUS va-
rietatis); Tuchila Plateau, shrub 1.2=2.4 m. high, 1830 m., Sept. 1901, J. M.
Purves 104 (Herb. Kew.).
The type sheet of D. johnstoniana has, together with the typical plant, a por-
tion of the stem, showing receptacles, that is referable to var. strigosa. The new
variety seems to differ from the type in a greater tendency to bristle-production,
affecting most parts of the plant. Wherever the type has short bristles, there is
a tendency for them to be longer and denser in the variety; and the receptacle,
instead of being glabrous, is densely beset with appressed setae.
The new variety differs from D. whytei Baker in the laxer inflorescence, larger
receptacles, and in that the receptacles are clothed with setae, not with some-
what elongate conical emergences. From D. polyantha Gilg it differs again in
the much larger receptacles and flowers and the very different indumentum on the
leaves, especially in lacking the long crisped hairs that densely clothe the lower
surface of the leaves of D. polyantha.
Dissotis canescens (Graham) Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 453. 1871.
Osbeckia canescens Graham, Bot. Mag. pl, 3790. 1840.
Osbeckia incana E. Mey. ex Walp. Repert. 5: 708. 1845—46.
Dissotis incana (E. Mey. ex Walp.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 58. 1871; Gilg. in
Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 2: 17. 1898.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, plentiful in marshy situations in Brachystegia
woodland, shrub about 1 m.. high, flowers pinkish-purple, showy, 1200 m., Sept.
26, 1946, 17821. Widespread in southern Africa, extending north to Abyssinia
and Nigeria.
Dissotis candolleana Cogn. in A. & C. DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 373. 1891; Gilg in
Engl. Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 2: 19, 1898.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, on rocky banks of woodland stream, shrub
1 m. high, flowers purple, showy, 1400 m., July 24, 1946, 16902, North Nyasa
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 44]
District: Nyika Plateau, Nchena-chena Spur, occasional in open grassland, shrub
1-2 m. high, flowers deep purple, 1900 m. present down to 1400 m., Aug. 20, 1946,
17353. Nchena-chena, frequent in moist situations in Brachystegia woodlands,
shrub 1,5=3 m. high, flowers dark purple, 1340 m., Aug. 21, 1946, 17374. Tan-
ganyika Territory, Nyasaland, N, Rhodesia, Angola, and (fide Gilg) Cameroons.
Dissotis princeps (Bonpl.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 57. 1871; Gilg in Engl.
Monogr. Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 2: 22. 1898.
Rhexia princeps Bonpl. Rhexies (in Humb, & Bonpl. Monogr. Melast.) 122, 123. pl.
46. 1823.
Zomba District: Zomba, common and very conspicuous in Brachystegia wood-
lands, shrub 121.5 m. high, flower rich dark purple, fruit red, 1100 m., May 26,
1946, 16034. Zomba Plateau, in moist grassy sitwations and in rain-forest re-
growths, common, usually gregarious, shrub 1.5e2 m. high, flowers deep rich pur-
ple, very showy, fruit red, 1500 m., June 5, 1946, 16254. Tanganyika Territory
to Natal.
Memecylon flavovirens Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 268. 1897; Gilg in Engl. Monogr.
Afr. Pfl.-Fam. & Gatt. 2: 44, 1898.
? District: North Road between Mzimba and Kasungu, in Brachystegia wood-
lands, tree 5 m. high, leaves stiff, coriaceous, slightly convex, fruit immature,
native name (Chinyanja) mnyowe, 1200 m., Aug. 23, 1946, 17381. Tanganyika
Territory, Nyasaland, N. Rhodesia, and Angola.
LYTHRACEAE
Ammannia prieuriana [‘‘Prieureana’’] Guill. & Perr. in Guill., Perr. & Rich. FI.
Senegamb. Tent. 1: 303. 1830-33; Koehne, Pflanzenreich 17 (4"°): 48.
1903.
Kota-kota District: Benga, west shore of Lake Nyasa, Kota-kota, occasional
on sandy beaches, herb, branches flat, spreading, flowers reddish, 470 m., Sept.
2, 1946, 17488. Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, one example on a sandy
beach, herb 30 cm. high, flowers red, 180 m., Oct. 4, 1946, 17969. Widely dis-
tributed in tropical Africa.
We are indebted to the Director of the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques at
Geneva for kindly sending on loan the type of Ammannia prieuriana Guill. & Perr.
Ammannia nr. prieuriana Guill. & Perr.
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, occasional on sandy beaches, flow-
ers reddish, 180 m., Oct. 3, 1946, 17937.
Very close indeed to true A. prieuriana but with smaller fruits and shorter
calyces. I have seen a similar sheet from Portuguese East Africa (Gomes Sousa
771). Study in the field will be essential before the taxonomy of Ammannia can be
put on a really sound basis.
OLINIACEAE
Olinia usambarensis Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. 19: 278. 1894.
_Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, in primary forest, tree
15 m. high and 80 cm. in diameter at breast-height, 1890 m., June 30, 1946, 16551.
Abyssinia, southward through E. Africa to Nyasaland and the Zoutpansberg in
the northern Transvaal.
ONAGRACEAE
Epilobium salignum Hausskn. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 29: 90. 1879; Monogr. Gatt.
Epilobium 236. 1884.
442 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
Epilobium neriophyllum Hausskn. Abh. Naturw. Ver. Bremen 7: 19. 1880; Monogr. Gatt.
Epilobium 236. 1884.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, frequent on wet open banks of a rain-forest
stream, up to 1.5 m. high, flowers white, later pink, 1500 m., June 7, 1946, 16314,
Abyssinia, southward to South Africa, westward to the British and French Camer-
oons and Angola; also in Madagascar.
Jussiaea erecta L. Sp. Pl. 388. 1753; Munz, Darwiniana 4: 195. 1942,
Jussiaea linifolia sensu Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 489. 1871; Hutch. & Dalz. Fl. W. Trop.
Afr. 1: 146, 1947. excl. spec. Brown-Lester 10; non Jussiaea linifolia Vahl.
Kota-kota District: Benga, west shore of Lake Nyasa, scattered on sandy
beaches, herb 50-60 cm. high, stem erect, stem and leaves reddish, flowers yel-
low, 470 m., Sept. 2, 1946, 17486. Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, one
plant on a sandy beach, herb 1 m. high, flowers small, yellow, 180 m., Oct. 4,
1946, 17957. Tropics of the Old and New Worlds.
Jussiaea suffruticosa L. Sp. Pl. 388 (1753) var. brevisepala Brenan, Kew Bull.
1953: 168. 1953.
Kotarkota District: Benga, west shore of Lake Nyasa, occasional on sandy
beaches, herb, branches prostrate and spreading radially, flowers yellow, 470 m.,
Sept. 2, 1946, 17485. Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, uncommon on
sandy river-beaches, 60-70 cm. high, flowers yellow, 180 m., Oct. 6, 1946, 18014,
The species pantropical; the variety widespread in tropical Africa.
Jussiaea abyssinica® (A. Rich.) Dandy & Brenan in F. W. Andrews, Flow. PI.
Anglo-Egypt. Sudan 1: 145. 1950.
Ludwigia abyssinica A, Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 274. 1848.
Ludwigia prostrata sensu Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 491. 1871; Perrier, Not. Syst. 13:
140, 141. 1947; Robyns, Fl. Spermat. Parc Nat. Albert 1: 681. 1948; nec non auct.
afr. ale; non Ludwigia prostrata Roxb.
Isnardia prostrata sensu Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. 1: 381. 1898; non Isnardia prostrata
(Roxb.) Kuntze.
Jussiaea acuminata sensu Hutch. & Dalz. Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 146, 1927, pro maj.
parte, excl. spec. Vogel 72, Millen 149; non Jussiaea acuminata Sw.
Mlanje District: Likubula Gorge, herb about 1 m. high, freely branched, leaves
more or less fleshy, flowers yellow, about 3 mm. in diameter, 840 m., June 20,
1946, 16381. Widespread in the African tropics, extending to Natal and
Madagascar.
Hitherto most workers on African botany have been content to follow Oliver's
lead in identifying this plant with the Asiatic Ludwigia prostrata Roxb. That,
however, while very similar in general appearance, differs profoundly in having
the seeds free within the capsule and not encased in little pieces of endocarp
like these of Jussiaea abyssinica. In addition, the capsules of L. prostrata are
much more angled and sulcate longitudinally than those of J. abyssinica, and
under a x 20 lens a very minute puberulence is visible on the young ovaries of
L. prostrata, and absent from those of the other species. So far L. prostrata ap-
pears to be absent from Africa, and ]. abyssinica from Asia.
Examination of herbarium specimens and floras shows that botanists have
found it very difficult to separate J]. abyssinica from African material of J. lini-
folia Vahl (J. acuminata auct.), probably because both plants have the seeds en-
cased in little pieces of endocarp. Besides the difference in stamen number
(4-5 in J. abyssinica, 8 in J. linifolia), there are certain characters that enable
these two plants to be safely separated without dissection. In J. abyssinica the
flowers are more or less fascicled in the leaf-axils, while in J. linifolia they are
48 By J. E. Dandy [British Museum (Natural History)] and J. P. M. Brenan.
_
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 443
always solitary. There is no fundamental difference here; it is simply that in J.
abyssinica the internodes of the axillary flower-bearing axes always remain short
and the bracts subtending the individual flowers are normally (not quite always)
scale-like; while in J. linifolia the internodes elongate, the flowers thus becom-
ing spaced and solitary, and subtended by bracts which become foliaceous. In
addition J. abyssinica has the ovaries quite glabrous, while in J. linifolia they
are very minutely puberulous; a x 20 lens (and a good light!) are necessary for
discerning this difference. The fruits of J. abyssinica are more or less cylindri-
cal and equal or approximately so in diameter at top and bottom, while those of
]. linifolia are normally distinctly wider in their upper quarter or half than below,
and this upper portion is smoother and less torulose.
It will be seen that the transfer of Ludwigia abyssinica to Jussiaea breaks
down the accepted key-character used for separating these two genera (stamens
as many as sepals in Ludwigia, twice as many in Jussiaea). Most botanists
would agree that the results of separation by such a character are often far from
natural. But whatever the status of Ludwigia as a genus, it seems manifestly
unnatural to separate generically, merely on account of stamen number, Ludwigia
abyssinica and Jussiaea linifolia, which have in common the very remarkable way
in which seed and endocarp are combined in the ripe capsule, and whose close
resemblance in other features has been only too confusingly obvious.
I have examined the type of J. abyssinica, courteously sent on loan by the
Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle at Paris, and have found it to agree with
the interpretation we have used here.
CUCURBITACEAE
Momordica fasciculata Cogn. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 636. 1897; Cogn. & Harms,
Pflanzenreich 88 (4775 ): 38, 1924,
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, frequent in dry stony woodland, several shortly
scandent stems produced from a large laterally flattened taproot, flowers yellow,
conspicuous, 200 m., Oct. 5, 1946, 17984, Portuguese East Africa; new to
Nyasaland.
It is likely that this species is wrongly placed generically, since the 3 flow-
ers lack the system of basal scales found in genuine Momordica. Little more can
be done at present, @ flowers, fruits and mature leaves of M. fasciculata being
still unknown.
Momordica foetida Schumach. in Schumach. & Thonn. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 426 (1827)
var. villosa Cogn. Bot. Jahrb. 21: 208. 1895; Cogn. & Harms, Pflanzen-
reich 88 (4775 7): 43, 1924,
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, trailing on old garden land, vine with pale
yellow flowers, 1200 m., Sept. 25, 1946, 17807; ibid., trailing in old gardens, fruit
immature, 1200 m., Sept. 26, 1946, 17829 , The species widespread in Africa,
the variety recorded from Tanganyika Territory and Ruanda, new to Nyasaland.
Hymenosicyos sp. [cf. H. subsericeus (Hook. f.) Harms].
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, one example in secondary rain-forest, vine
3 m. high, flowers yellow, fruit green, immature, 1550 m., June 7, 1946, 16315.
Material insufficient for certain specific determination. H. subsericeus is
known from Tanganyika Territory and Angola.
Melothria ? sp. nov. aff. microsperma (Hook. f.) Cogn.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, climbing in forest opening, vine 1.5 m.
high, flowers yellow, fruit to 1 cm. in diameter, globose, bluish-green (unripe),
1550 m., July 30, 1946, 17037.
444 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
Further material.of this is desired. What are probably ¢ plants of this, though
the specimens are poor, were collected in July 1896 on the Masuku Plateau, Nya-
saland, at 1980©2130 m. alt. by A. Whyte.
BEGONIACEAE
Begonia ? sp. nov. aff. sutherlandi Hook. f.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, one plant on a moist shady rock in rain-
forest, herb 90 cm. high, one reddish stem erect from a large tuberous base, pet-
ioles and leaf-nerves red, flower pale pink, 1500 m., June 7, 1946, 16322*,
A very poor specimen collected by A. Whyte in December 1894 between 1220
and 1830 m. on Mount Malosa, Nyasaland, is probably the same as Mr. Brass’
specimen.
CACTACEAE
Rhipsalis cassutha Gaertn. Fruct. 1: 137. 1788; Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 225.
1923.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, common epiphyte, high on rain-forest trees,
shrub, branches pendent, numerous, fleshy, up to about 80 cm. long, 1350 m.,
Sept. 20, 1946, 17676; ibid., common, high epiphyte in rain-forest, shrub, branches
to 80 cm. long, cylindrical, pendent, flowers 7 mm. in diameter when fully ex-
panded, pale green, 1200 m., Sept. 26, 1946, 17824. Nswadzi River, epiphytic on
relict rain-forest trees of river-bank, shrub, branches to 1 m. long, pendent, cy-
lindrical, green, flowers about 10 mm. in diameter, rotate, greenish-white, fruit
unripe, 840 m., Sept. 27, 1946, 17842. Widespread in the tropics of Africa and
America, also found in Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, and Ceylon.
FICOIDACEAE
Glinus oppositifolius (L.) A. DC. Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 1: 559.1901.
Mollugo oppositifolia L. Sp. Pl. 89. 1753. -
Mollugo spergula L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 881, 1759.
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, on sandy beaches, 180 m., Oct. 3,
1946, s. n. Widespread in the tropics of the Old World.
A small piece of this plant found mixed with 17931 (Gisekia africana var.
pedunculata),
Gisekia africana (Lour.) Kuntze var. pedunculata (Oliv.) Brenan, comb. nov.
Gisekia miltus Fenzl var. pedunculata Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 594. 1871.
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, common on sandy beaches, prostrate
herb, flowers yellow, 180 m., Oct. 3, 1946, 17931; ibid., common on sandy
beaches, prostrate herb, flowers yellowish-white, 180 m., Oct. 4, 1946, 17975.
Distribution at present doubtful, the species probably widespread in southern
Africa.
I prefer to adopt Oliver’s view of the limits of this species rather than those
of Burtt Davy (Man. FI. Pl. Transv. 1: 153. 1926); Loureiro’s description of Miltus
africana suggests a plant with flowers fascicled at the nodes, and I find it dif-
ficult to see why it should not be the same as G. pentadecandra E. Mey.:
UMBELLIFERAE
Alepidea gracilis” Diimmer, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. 3: 11 (1913) var. major Weim.
Bot. Notiser 1949: 224. 1949.
® Determinations by Prof, H. Weimarck, Lund University.
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED*IN NYASAL AND 445
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, local on wet shaded
grass slopes, perennial herb 80-100 cm. high, flowers white, 2140 m., June 27,
1946, 16460. North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, frequent in open grasslands,
perennial herb 30-40 cm. high, roots tuberous, flowers white, bracts white above,
green below, purplish with age, 2300 m., Aug. 16, 1946, 17245. Nyasaland and
S. Rhodesia to Cape Province.
Sanicula elata Ham. ex. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 183. 1825; Shan & Const. Univ.
Calif. Publ, Bot. 25': 47. 1951.
Sanicula europaea L. var. capensis Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 352. 1826.
Sanicula europaea L. var. elata (Ham. ex Don) Boissieu, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 53: 421.
1906; Wolff, Pflanzenreich 61 (4°): 63, 278. 1913.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, massed on a shaded rock in a rain-forest
stream, herb about 80 cm. high, flowers greenish, 1500 m., June 7, 1946, 16310.
Cholo District: Cholo, occasional in rain-forest gullies, perennial herb 60-80 cm.
high, flowers white, 1100 m., Sept. 29, 1946, 17872. Widespread on the mountains
of tropical Africa, also in South Africa, Madagascar, and Asia including the
Himalayas.
Shan and Constance in their recent revision of the gems Sanicula (1.c.) sep-
arate S. elata from S. europaea because of the few (1-4) staminate flowers in each
of the ultimate umbels of the former, S. europaea having 12=18 staminate flowers
per ultimate umbel; they also state that the highly developed dichasial branching
of S. elata is entirely unlike that of S, europaea.
S. elata has up till now been usually treated as a variety of S. europaea, but
I think that there is much to be said for separating the two specifically.
It should be noticed that if S. elata is treated as a variety of S..europaea then
the correct varietal name is var. capensis Cham. & Schlecht., and not var. elata
(Ham. ex Don) Boissieu.
Shan and Constance give the distribution of true S. europaea as northwestern
Europe to the Mediterranean region and eastward to Asia Minor, Persia, the Cause
casus, and western Siberia; it does not occur anywhere in tropical or South Africa.
Heteromorpha trifoliata (Wendl.) Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. Pl, Afr. Austr. 342. 1836,
Bupleurum trifoliatum Wendl. in Bartl. & Wendl. Beitr. Bot. 2: 13. 1825.
Heteromorpha arborescens sensu Hier in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 10. 1877; Wolff,
Pflanzenreich 43 (477°): 33. 1910, exci. var. Y & auct. al., omn. p.p., quoad pl. afr,
trop.; non Heteromorpha arborescens (Thunb.) Cham. & Schlecht.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, common on precipitous rocky slopes, tree
3-5 m. high and 6-8 cm. in diameter at breast-height, bark laminate, broken into
large irregular flakes, leaves aromatic, flowers greenish, fruit not seen, 1430 m.,
May 29, 1946, 16078. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, com-
mon in brushy forest regrowths and among rocks in grassland, tree 2=4 m. high,
2100 m., June 27, 1946, 16483. Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, occasional
in gullies in Brachystegia woodland, shrub 1=2 m. high, plant aromatic, plant
stems simple, usually solitary, leaves greyish beneath, flowers yellowish-green,
1400 m., July 25, 1946, 16926. North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, uncommon
in secondary growths of montane forest, tree or shrub to 8 m. high, 2340 m., Aug.
20, 1946, 17342. East and South Africa.
Brass 16926 is an aberrant form with puberulous stems and leaves, possibly
worthy of separation when the limits of this polymorphic species are better
known.
For a note on the reasons, with which I am inclined to agree, for using the
name H., trifoliata rather than H. arborescens for this plant, see Burtt Davy, Fl.
Transv. 2: 519 (1932).
z=
446 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
My colleague, Mr. R. D. Meikle, points out an additional difficulty over H.
arborescens. Chamisso and Schlechtendahl based this binomial on Bupleurum
arborescens Thunb. Prodr. Fl. Cap. 50 (1794); but this is a later homonym of
Bupleurum arborescens Jacq. Coll. Bot. 2: 343 (1788).
Pimpinella engleriana Wolff ex Norman, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 47: 590. 1927.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, moist gulley in Brachystegia woodland,
perennial herb 150-180 cm. high, root aromatic, flowers greenish-white, 1400 m.,
July 25, 1946, 16933; ibid., common locally in moist gullies in Brachystegia wood-
land, perennial herb 1—1.5 m. high, flowers white, 1400 m., July 27, 1946, 16981,
Tanganyika Territory and Nyasaland.
Pimpinella welwitschii Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. (Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin
1891:) 319. 1892; Norman, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 47: 590. 1927.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, one plant on a sunny moist bank, perennial
herb 110 cm. high, flowers white, 1450 m., June 5, 1946, 16229*; ibid., one ex-
ample on a moist shaded bank, herb 40 cm. high, flowers white, 1500 m., June 5,
1946, 16236. New to Nyasaland; previously only known from Angola.
Diplolophium zambesianum Hiern in Oliv. FI. ee Afr. 3: 18. 1877; Norman,
Jour. Bot. 61: 56, 57. 1923.
Mombera District: 10 miles N. of Mzimba, common on sandy soil in Brachy-
stegia woodland, herb 100-120 cm. high, flowers cream, 1370 m., Aug. 9, 1946,
17145. Belgian Congo, Angola, N. and S. Rhodesia, and Nyasaland.
Diplolophium buchanani (Benth. ex Oliv.) Norman, Jour. Bot. 61: 56, 57. 1923.
Physotrichia buchanani Benth. ex Oliv. Hook. Ic. Pl. pl. 1358 1881.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, common on grassy ledges of a bluff, shrub
15-2 m. high, plant glaucous, stems several, simple, erect, flowers greenish-
white, 1500 m., June 6, 1946, 16289. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya
Plateau, frequent in rocky situations in grasslands, shrub 1.52.5 m. high, glau-
cous, aromatic, with several erect simple stems, flowers greenish-white, 2000 m.,
July 11, 1946, 16793. Endemic to Nyasaland.
Peucedanum linderi Norman, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 49: 511. 1934.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, plentiful in small opening in montane
forest, herb 2.5-3 m. high, stems hollow, fleshy, flowers white, 2320 m., Aug.
16, 1946, 17237. Kenya (?), Belgian Congo, Tanganyika Territory, and now re-
corded for the first time from Nyasaland.
Peucedanum nyassicum Wolff, Bot. Jahrb. 48: 282. 1912; Norman, Jour. Linn.
y Soc. Bot. 49: 513. 1934.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, occasional on paths in
grassland, perennial herb 30=40 cm. high, aromatic, flowers red, 1900 m., July
11, 1946, 16797. | Apparently endemic to Mlanje; until now only represented by
Whyte’s original gathering of 1891.
Steganotaenia araliacea Hochst. Flora 27 (Beil. 1): 4. 1844; Norman, Jour. Linn.
Soc. Bot. 49: 514. 1934.
Kasungu District: Kasungu, growing among grouped small trees or in brushy
patches in Brachystegia woodland, tree or shrub 2-3 m. high, deciduous, now
leafless, flowers green, native name (Chinyanja) mboloni, 1000 m., Aug. 27, 1946,
17437. Chikwawa, District: Chikwawa, occasional in Acacia albida atodlaaa
tree 5=7 m. high, deciduous, now producing leaves, flowers green, native name
mpoloni, 200 m., Oct. 3, 1946, 17923. Widespread in tropical Africa, extending
south to the Transvaal.
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 447
Lefebvrea brevipes Engl. ex Wolff in Mildbr. Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr.
Exp. 1907-8 2: 600. 1913.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, tall, simple, apparently annual, aromatic herb
2-2.5 m. high, leaves bipinnate, lower ones 50-60 cm. long, one terminal com-
pound umbel and about 3 to 6 axillary from upper nodes, 1430 m., May 30, 1946,
16083, Tanganyika Territory to Nyasaland.
Caucalis pedunculata Bak. f. Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 4: 15. 1894.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common locally in open grasslands,
perennial herb, taproot thick, fleshy, aromatic, young flowering shoots now ap=-
pearing after burning of the grass, flowers greenish, 2300 m., Aug. 11, 1946,
17175. Kota-kota District: Chenga Hill, frequent in low open Brachystegia wood-
land, perennial herb to 40 cm. high, rootstock large, fleshy, young shoots flower-
ing after burning of the grass, flowers yellow-green, 1600 m., Sept. 9, 1946,
17592. Uganda to Nyasaland and S. Rhodesia.
Brass 17592 apparently represents genuine C. pedunculata with deltoid leaves
with 4-6 pairs of pinnae and rather broad segments, while 17175 is a form with
oblong leaves with numerous (8-13) pinnae and narrower segments. Intermediates
occur between these extremes and, pending further observations, I prefer to treat
both as forms of a single species that is variable in leaf-shape, indumentum, etc.
Caucalis incognita Norman, Jour. Bot. 72: 205. 1934.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, grassy, moist edge of rain-forest, herb of
weak reclining habit, stem one, about 80 cm. long, flowers greenish, 1450 m.,
June 3, 1946, 16190.* Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, com-
mon in moist openings in forest, herb, ascending, aromatic, flowers greenish,
1820 m., July 1, 1946, 16575. Mountains of East Africa from Abyssinia to
Nyasaland.
ARALIACEAE
Schefflera polysciadia Harms in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 297. 1895.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, epiphytic in montane forest of escarp-
ment, shrub 2=3 m. high, stems several from a common base, long and weak, not
branched, flowers and fruit purple, 2100 m., Aug. 17, 1946, 17278. Kenya,
Uganda, Belgian Congo, Tanganyika Territory, now recorded for the first time
from Nyasaland.
RUBIACEAE”
Crossopteryx febrifuga (Afz. ex G. Don) Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 381. 1849.
Rondeletia febrifuga Afz. ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 516. 1834.
Crossopteryx kotschyana Fenzl in Endl. & Fenzl, Nov. Stirp. Dec. Vindob. 46. 1839;
Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 44. 1877.
Kota-kota District: Chia area, flood-banks of streams on lake-plain, tree 10 m.
high, native name (Chinyanja) nkundanguluwe, 480 m., Sept. 3, 1946, 17518 A
variable and widely distributed species in tropical Africa.
Pentas longiflora Oliv. Trans. Linn. Soc. II]. Bot. 2: 335 (1887) var. nyassana
Scott Elliot, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 32: 433. 1896,
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, frequent in Brachystegia woodlands, only one
fertile plant seen, herb 60 cm. high, flowers whitish, 1500 m., June 5, 1946,
16264*; ibid., occasional in grassy secondary growths in rainsforest clearings,
8° A eathisanthemum, Kohautia, Oldenlandia, and Pavetta by Dr. C. E. B. Bremekamp,
Botanisch Museum, Utrecht; Rothmannia and Rubia by A. A. Bullock, Royal Botanic Gar-
dens, Kew; Pentanisia by B. Verdcourt, East African Agricultural and Forestry Research
Organization, Nairobi, Kenya.
448 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
herb 1 m. high, branches numerous, erect, flowers white, 1500 m., June 7, 1946,
16309. The variety occurs in Uganda, Kenya, Belgian Congo, Tanganyika Terri-
tory, and Nyasaland.
Pentas schimperiana (A. Rich.) Vatke, Linnaea 40: 192. 1876.
Vignaldia schimperiana A, Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 358. 1847.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common in shrubby edges of montane
forest, shrub about 1.5 m. high, corolla white, apex of lobes red, calyxelobes red,
°2350 m., Aug. 16, 1946, 17247. Abyssinia to Nyasaland, and in the Belgian
Congo.
Pentas purpurea Oliv. Trans. Linn. Soc. 29: 83. 1873.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, one example in Brachystegia woodland, per-
ennial herb, 2 stems erect from a thick woody stock, flowers purple, 1500 m.,
June 6, 1946, 16281.* Tanganyika Territory to S. Rhodesia and Portuguese East
Africa.
Pentas sp. aff. purpurea Oliv.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, on grassy edges of rain=
forest regrowths, herb 60-100 cm. high, flowers purplish-white, 1860 m., June 26,
1946, 16447.
This apparently equals Adamson 347 (Herb. Com ), collected at 2130-2440 m.
alt. on Mlanje Mountain. Further specimens of this plant are wanted to clear up
its relationship with the variable P. purpurea,
Otomeria dilatata*™ Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 50. 1877.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, on grassy edges of forest strips in gule
lies, perennial herb 80-100 cm. high, stem solitary, simple or little branched,
flowers scarlet, very conspicuous, 1400 m., July 25, 1946, 16930. Widespread in
tropical Africa.
Agathisanthemum globosum (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Bremek. Verh. Nederl. Akad.
Wet. Afd, Natuurk. II. 487: 161. 1952 (errore **Klotzsch ex Hiern...’’).
Hedyotis globosa Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1; 360. 1847.
Oldenlandia globosa (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 54, 1877.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, in Brachystegia woodlands, not common, per-
ennial herb 30-40 cm. high, with several stems erect from a thick rootstock, flow-
ers purplish, 1500 m., June 6, 1946, 16279, Abyssinia to S. Rhodesia and Nyasa-
land, also in the Belgian Congo, Gaboon, and Angola.
Oldenlandia fastigiata Bremek. Verh. Nederl. Akad. Wet. Afd, Natuurk. II. 487:
260 (1952) var. fastigiata,
Chékwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, one example on a sandy beach, herb
30 cm. high, flowers white, 180 m., Oct. 6, 1946, 18013. AngloeEgyptian Sudan,
Abyssinia, and Somaliland, and southward to Nyasaland.
The last-mentioned species has hitherto been confused with Oldenlandia co-
rymbosa L., from which it is easily distinguishable by the subsessile inflores-
cences, the flowers forming dense clusters at the nodes.
Oldenlandia goreénsis (DC.) Summerh. Kew Bull. 1928: 392 (1928) var. goreénsis;
Bremek. Verh. Nederl. Akad. Wet. Afd. Natuurk. II. 487: 196. 1952.
Hedyotis goreensis DC. Prodr. 4: 421. 1830.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, herb about 20 cm. high, Mate pale purple,
fruits compressed laterally, 1500 m., June 7, 1946, 16297. Tropical Africa, from
308 The correct name for this species is now Otomeria elatior (A. Rich. ex DC.) Verd-
court, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 23: 18 (1953) (Sipanea elatior A. Rich. ex DC. Prodr. 4:
415. 1830).
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 449
Senegambia through the Sudan to Abyssinia and Kenya and southwards to Angola,
S. Rhodesia, and Portuguese East Africa.
Oldenlandia rupicola (Sond.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 293 (1891) var. rupicola f, brach-
ystyla Bremek. Verh. Nederl. Akad. Wet. Afd. Natuurk, II. 487: 208. 1952.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common on open banks
of streams and in brushy forest regrowths, herb, procumbent, ascending or sub-
scandent, flowers white, anthers blue, 1820 m., June 25, 1946, 16421; ibid., com-
mon in grasslands, herb, flowers white, 1950 m., July 16, 1946, 16848.** Tane-
ganyika and Nyasaland, and through the mountains of Portuguese East Africa,
the western part of S. Rhodesia, and the Transvaal to Natal.
Kohautia confusa (Hutch. & Dalz.) Bremek. Verh. Nederl. Akad. Wet. Afd.
Natuurk. II. 487: 89. 1952.
Oldenlandia confusa Hutch. & Dalz. Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 2: 131. 1931.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, occasional in woodlands, slender annual herb
30 cm. high, flowers pale blue, 1430 m., May 30, 1946, 16089. Senegambia,
French Guinea, Tanganyika Territory, and Nyasaland.
Kohautia cuspidata (K. Schum.) Bremek, Verh. Nederl. Akad. Wet. Afd. Natuurk.
II. 487: 74, 1952.
Oldenlandia cuspidata K. Schum. Bot. Jahrb. 23: 413. 1896,
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, several examples on an exposed rocky crest,
herb 20 cm. high, flowers dark pink, showy, 1820 m., May 31, 1946, 16129*; ibid.,
common on an exposed rocky summit, herb 20=40 cm. high, flowers blue to violet,
showy, 1820 m., May 31, 1946, 16131. Nyasaland to Angola and Southwest Africa.
Kohanutia longifolia Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 297 (1861) var.
longifolia; Bremek. Verh. Nederl. Akad. Wet. Afd. Natuurk. II. 48: 68.
1952.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, in Brachystegia woodlands, herb 80 cm. high,
leaves brownish-green, flowers violet, 1100 m., June 17, 1946, 16335.* Kotae
kota District: Nchisi Mountain, in Brachystegia woodland, uncommon, herb, flow-
ers blue, lobes reflexed, 1400 m., July 27, 1946, 16976. Tanganyika Territory,
Nyasaland, S. Rhodesia, Portuguese East Africa to Zululand.
Mussaenda arcuata Lam. ex Poir. in Lam. Encyc. 4: 392. 1796; Wernham, Jour.
Bot. 51: 274. 1913.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, in riverine rain-forest, common, scrambling
shrub 6-7 m. high, flowers not seen, fruit unripe, 1450 m., June 4, 1946, 16208,
Widespread in tropical Africa; also in Madagascar and the Mascarenes.
Pauridiantha cf, holstii (K. Schum.) Bremek. Bot. Jahrb. 71: 212.1940.
Urophyllum holstii K. Schum. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 379. 1895.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, in montane-forest undergrowth, shrub
2 m. high, flowers white in bud, 2250 m., Aug. 16, 1946, 17250. *
The specimen is most probably P. holstii, but since it is only in young bud,
it is wise not to be too confident about the identification, especially as P. holstii
has hitherto been known only from Kenya and Tanganyika Territory, possibly
Uganda too.
Leptactina benguelensis (Welw. ex Benth. & Hook.) Good, Jour. Bot. 64 (suppl.
2): 9. 1926.
Heinsia benguelensis Welw. ex Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 77. 1873.
*1 Brass 16848 has not been seen by Dr. Bremekamp.
450 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Yol. 8, No. 5
Kotarkota District: Chia area, in dry brushy forest on banks of waterholes on
lake plain, shrub, prostrate, radiating branches forming mats a metre or more wide,
buds only, 480 m., Sept. 5, 1946, 17537. Tanganyika Territory to Angola and the
Transvaal.
Rothmannia fischeri (K. Schum.) Bullock in Oberm. Ann. Transv. Mus. 17: 224,
103%,
Gardenia fischeri K. Schum. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 380. 1895.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, substage layer of rain-forest, tree 10 m. high,
very beautiful, flowers cream-coloured, streaked and flecked with red, fragrant,
native name (Chinyanja) nandua, 1100 m., Sept. 26, 1946, 17832. Mlanje District:
Mlanje, rain-forest on bank of a stream, tree 6 m. high, flowers cream flecked with
reddish-brown, fragrant, fruit hard, globose, about 4 cm. in diameter, native name
(Chinyanja) mandigodia, 750 m., Sept. 30, 1946, 17881. Eastern tropical Africa,
southwards to S. Rhodesia; also in the Mascarenes.
Gardenia subacaulis Stapf & Hutch. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 38: 420. 1909.
Kasungu District: Kasungu, locally gregarious in Brachystegia woodlands,
shrub 12—15 cm. high, short leafy shoots produced from branched, horizontal, un-
derground stems (habit of Geobalanus), fruit 5=7 cm. long and 4=5 cm. in diame-
ter, erect, softish when ripe, ovoid, yellowish-brown, native name (Chinyanja)
mpuguso, 1000 m., Aug. 28, 1946, 17456. N. Rhodesia, Nyasaland, and Portu-
guese East Africa.
Gardenia imperialis*? K. Schum. Bot. Jahrb. 23: 442. 1896.
Kotaekota District: Nchisi Mountain, occasional in gullies in Brachystegia
woodland, tree about 8 m. high and 25 cm. in diameter at breast-height, dry flow-
ers only, still very fragrant, in pairs, fruit immature, 1400 m., July 27, 1946,
16977, Widespread in tropical Africa.
Oxyanthus sp. nr. swynnertonii S. Moore, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 40: 82. 1911.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, frequent in rain-forest undergrowth, shrub
2=3 m. high, fruit ovoid, 25 mm. long and 17 mm. in diameter, soft, orange-yellow,
1400 m., Sept. 27, 1946, 17839*, 7
This differs from O. swynnertonii in that the leaves are smooth, not scabrid
beneath, and rather more narrowed to the base. Further collection and investiga-
tion are wanted.
Galiniera coffeoides Del. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 20: 92. pl. 1, f 5. 1843.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, on edge of montane forest, tree 8 m. tall,
young leaves reddish, buds only, 2250 m., Aug. 16, 1946, 17270. Abyssinia to
Tangapyika Territory; new to Nyasaland.
Tricalysia nyassae Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 121. 1877.
Kota-kota District: Chia area, on bank of a waterhole in dry woodland of lake-
plain, tree 8 m. high, sap slightly milky, flowers pink, 480 m., Sept. 3, 1946,
17519. Tanganyika Territory, Belgian Congo, N. Rhodesia, Nyasaland, and Por-
tuguese East Africa.
Tricalysia cf. acocantheroides K. Schum. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 382.
1895,
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, in undergrowth of juniper forest, shrub
2.5 m. tall, fruit orangeryellow, 2250 m., Aug. 11, 146, 17153.
T. acocantheroides is apparently endemic to Nyasaland. Flowering material
is desired for certain identification.
32 Determination confirmed by Mr. A. A. Bullock.
.
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 451
Tricalysia jasminiflora (Klotzsch) Benth. & Hook. ex Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop.
Afr. 3: 124. 1877.
Rosea jasminiflora Klotzsch, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. 1853: 502. 1853. (not
seen; ref. from Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 2: 293. 1861.)
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, one example in Acacia albida woodland, shrub
1.5 m. high, branches several, erect, flowers greenish-white, 200 m., Oct. 3, 1946,
17917. Nyasaland and Portuguese East Africa.
Tricalysia pachystigma K. Schum. Bot. Jahrb. 33: 347. 1903.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, frequent among rocks in Brachystegia
woodland, tree 4-6 m. high, 1400 m., July 26, 1946, 16953.
Pentanisia schweinfurthii Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 131. 1877; Verdcourt,
Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 22: 254. 1952.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, common on hard open ground in woodlands,
10=15 cm. high, the thick rather fleshy stock goes deep into the ground, flowers
blue, very attractive, 1400 m., May 28, 1946, 16042. Kota-kota District: Nchisi,
occasional on hard bare ground, perennial herb about 10 cm. high, flowers blue,
1400 m., Aug. 1, 1946, 17081*; ibid., in Brachystegia woodlands, perennial herb
15-30 cm. high, young shoots flowering after burning of the grass, flowers bright
blue, 1350 m., Sept. 9, 1946, 17575, Belgian Congo, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan,
Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika Territory, Portuguese East Africa, Nyasaland, N.
and S. Rhodesia, Angola, and Nigeria (Bauchi Plateau).
This species is widespread and common on elevated grasslands liable to fir-
ing, or in open grassland. It is not the same as P. prunelloides (Klotzsch ex
Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp, or any of its varieties.
Polysphaeria lanceolata Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 128 (1877) var. pedata
Brenan, var. nov.
Inflorescentiis plerumque manifeste pedunculatis, pedunculis circiter 5-18
mm. longis. |
PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA: Mogambique Province, Manica & Sofala District; Lower
Umswirizwi River, an evergreen shrub with white flowers, 300 m., 1905, C. F. M. Swynner-
ton 74 (Herb. Kew.). Zambesia Province, Quelimane District: Lugela-Mocuba, Namagoa
estate, a large bush or shrub growing along streams, attractive, with large waxy-white
flowers and dark green shining leaves, common, 60=120 m., Nov. 1944, Mrs. H. G. Faulkner
(Herb. Kew.); ibid., Aug. 15, 1949, Mrs. H. G. Faulkner (Herb. Kew.); ibid., a large bush
growing by streams, common, flowers creamy-white, Dec. eee yearl, Mrs. H. G. Faulk-
ner (TYPUS varietatis in Herb. Kew.).
NYASALAND: Cholo District: Cholo, common in undergrowth of rain-forests, tree 3=5
m. high, fruit subglobose, fleshy, black, 1100 m., Sept. 29, 1946, 17874.
All the gatherings made by Mrs. Faulkner are under the same number, 222.
The lastecited and type-gathering consisted of two sets of specimens, one set
with inflorescences sessile or shortly pedunculate (the peduncle up to about 4
mm. long) and resembling, except for greater robustness, ordinary P. lanceolata;
the other set with all or nearly all the inflorescences pedunculate (the peduncle
5-18 mm. long). With dissection I can find no other difference between these
plants, and I am compelled to consider the ones with pedunculate inflorescence
as no more than a variety of P. Janceolata.
Mrs. Faulkner writes on the two sets mentioned above: ‘*Both types from same
area of river, but different plants. I have not observed the two types on one plant,
but the types often grow close together; they appear to be equally common.”’
This of course means that S. Moore’s sections of Polysphaeria, Ephedranthae
and Cladanthae, based on whether the inflorescence is sessile or pedunculate
(see Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 37: 307. 1906) are untenable. I had up till now adopted
them as series (see Kew Bull. 1949: 85. 1949),
452 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
I much suspect that P. zombensis S. Moore, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 37: 306. pl.
13. (1906) is synonymous with P. lanceolata var. pedata, but the leaves are
rounded-based in P. zombensis, and I would like to see more material from Nyasa-
land before sinking it.
Swynnerton 74 was cited, together with 1269, in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 40: 87
(1911) under P. pedunculata K. Schum. I have examined the type-specimens of
the latter, and they clearly differ from P. lanceolata var. pedata in having a much
larger calyx, irregularly cleft after anthesis.
Polysphaeria cf. dischistocalyx Brenan, Kew Bull. 1949: 81. 1949.
Kota-kota District: Chia area, occasional on banks of ‘streams in woodlands
of lake plain, shrub 3=4 m. high, fruits red when ripe, 480 m., Sept. 3, 1946,
Lod I, :
The determination is uncertain without good calyces. P. dischistocalyx is
confined to Tanganyika Territory and Nyasaland.
Heinsenia diervilleoides K. Schum. Bot. Jahrb. 23: 454. 1897.
Heinsenia sylvestris S. Moore, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 40: 85. 1911.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, frequent in rain-forest, tree up to 15 m. high
and to 20 cm. in diameter at breast-height, young leaves red, leaf-nerves whitish
above and beneath, flowers white, 1300 m., Sept. 20, 1946, 17680. Uganda and
Kenya to S. Rhodesia; new to Nyasaland.
The alleged differences between H. sylvestris and H. diervilleoides given by
S. Moore seem to me neither constant nor of specific value. In his key to the
species S. Moore (op. cit., 87) contrasts the breadth of the narrow basal part of
the corolla-tube in these two species—5 mm. in H. diervilleoides, 1.2 mm. in H.
sylvestris, An excellent isotype specimen of H. diervilleoides at Kew shows the
basal part of the tube (in the dried state) about 0.75 mm. in diameter, and S.
Moore certainly made some mistake over his measurement.
Rytigynia sp.
Kotaskota District: Nchisi Mountain, among rocks in Brachystegia woodland,
tree 3=6 m. high, fruits more or less fleshy, black when ripe, 1409 m., July 26,
1946, 16952,
This plant has not been exactly matched; the material is insufficient. In
facies it somewhat resembles R. dasyothamnus (K. Schum.) Robyns from the Cam-
eroons, but that species has long appendages to the corolla-lobes, while Mr.
Brass’ plant, as far as can be judged from immature buds, lacks them.
Canthium gueinzii Sond. Linnaea 23: 54. 1850; Bullock, Hook. Ic. Pl. pl. 3170.
1932; Kew Bull. 1932: 368. 1932.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, one example in forest
edge, shrub 3 m. high, subscandent, fruits unripe, 1890 m., July 14, 1946, 16833,
Uganda to South Africa.
Canthium zanzibaricum Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 2: 291. 1861;
Bullock, Kew Bull. 1932: 373. 1932.
Kasungu District: Kasungu, frequent in bushy banks of streams in Brachy-
stegia woodlands, subscandent shrub up to 10 m. high, flowers yellow, fragrant,
native name (Chinyanja) kachambe, 1000 m., Aug. 24, 1946, 17412. Kota=kota
District: Chia area, frequent on banks of waterholes on dry lake-plain, subscan-
dent shrub 6-8 m. high, flowers white, native name (Chinyanja) mtutu, 480 m.,
Sept. 5, 1946, 17540. Uganda to Nyasaland, N. Rhodesia, and Angola.
Canthium captum Bullock, Kew Bull. 1932: 376. 1932.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Likubula-Tuchila Divide, in primary forest
undergrowth, tree 3-4 m. high, sap not milky, fruit unripe, 2100 m., July 9, 1946,
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 453
16771. Tanganyika Territory, and probably Uganda also; now recorded for the
first time from Nyasaland.
Cratefispermum laurinum (Poir.) Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 411. 1849.
Coffea laurina Poir. in Lam. Encyc. Suppl. 2: 14. 1811.
Kota-kota District: Chia area, common on banks of waterholes on dry lake-
plain, tree 6-8 m. high, flowers white, fragrant, 480 m., Sept. 5, 1946, 17542,
Widespread in tropical Africa and very variable.
Pavetta lasiobractea K. Schum. Bot. Jahrb. 30: 415. 1901; Bremek. Repert. Sp.
Nov. 37: 140. 1934,
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, in montane forest undergrowth, shrub
about 1 m. high, leaves stiff, midrib and nerves whitish, fruit unripe, laterally
compressed, 2300 m., Aug. 13, 1946, 17202; ibid., in montane forest undergrowth,
shrub 2 m. high, fruit unripe, 2250 m., Aug. 16, 1946, 17271, Tanganyika Terri-
tory and Nyasaland.
Coffea ligustroides S. Moore, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 40: 94. 1911; A. Cheval. Ca-
féiers 2: pl. 69. 1942; 3: 220. 1947.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, frequent in rain-forest undergrowth, tree 3—4
m. high, flower-buds only, fruit red, fleshy, compressed-ovoid, about 12 x 9 mm.,
1300 m., Sept. 20, 1946, 17688. Nyasaland, Portuguese East Africa, and S.
Rhodesia.
Psychotria sp. nr. kirkii Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 206, 1877.
Mlanje District: Likubula Gorge, in rocky bed of river, shrub 40 cm. high, fruit
soft, red, fleshy, 840 m., June 20, 1946, 16368,
Practically glabrous and narrower-leaved than usual. Further material is
wanted,
Psychotria sp..
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, common on rocks in Brachystegia wood-
land, shrub 1=1.5 m. high, flowers cream-coloured, usually sterile, 1400 m., July
27, 1946, 16983.
The specimen is insufficient for exact naming.
Psychotria sp. ?
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, in undergrowth of montane forest, tree
5-6 m. high, 2250 m., Aug. 16, 1946, 17253,
The flowers are all galled and badly malformed. It is possibly a Grumilea,
but is not matched in either genus at Kew.
Grumilea sp. nr. kirkii Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 206, 1877.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, in rain-forest under-
growth, tree 5-6 m. high, fruit unripe, 1890 m., June 30, 1946, 16541.
This specimen is extremely close vegetatively to G. kirkii, but the fruits are
on much longer and more slender pedicels. Further collections, including the
flowers, are wanted.
Geophila repens (L.) Johnst. Sargentia 8: 281, 282. 1949.
Rondeletia repens L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 928. 1759.
Psychotria herbacea Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 16, 1760.
Psychotria herbacea L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 245. 1762.
Geophila uniflora Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 221. 1877.
Geophila herbacea (L.) K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. 4*: 119. 1891.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, creeping on ground in primary rain-forest,
herb, fruits red, fleshy, ovoid-globose, about 8 mm. long and 7 mm. in diameter,
—— — +
454 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Yol. 8, No. 5
1200 m., Sept. 20,,1946, 17657*; ibid., in rain-forest, creeping herb, fruits red,
fleshy, 1200 m., Sept. 23, 1946, 17770*. Tropics of the Old and New Worlds; not
previously recorded from Nyasaland.
Hitherto Geophila uniflora Hiern has been treated as a distinct species en-
demic to tropical Africa, but I am quite unable to see any reason for keeping it
apart from G. repens, which has a wide distribution in the tropics of the Old and
New Worlds. The alleged stipule-difference mentioned by K. Schumann (l.c.) as
separating the African plants from those elsewhere I am unable to confirm.
The African plant is not always one-flowered as its epithet might imply, for
Brass 17657 shows a pair of fruits on one peduncle, and I have seen the same
thing on another African specimen.
I, M. Johnston (1.c.) has pointed out that Rondeletia repens provides the ear-
liest epithet for this species.
K. Schumann indirectly based his Geophila herbacea on Psychotria herbacea
L. (1762), without realising that Jacquin had published the same latter name two
years earlier. Linnaeus, however, although he knew of Jacquin’s work (see the
bibliography at the start of that edition of the Species plantarum), does not men-
tion it under P. herbacea, and it was probably published too late to be used in
the main text. There is thus no evidence that P. herbacea L. was based on P.
herbacea Jacq., but rather on the reference to Patrick Browne, Hist. Jam. 161
(1756), whence also the epithet was very probably derived. Jacquin, however,
does not mention Patrick Browne under his P. herbacea, although he certainly
made use of his book, and the type of Jacquin’s P. herbacea may be taken to be a
plant collected by Jacquin himself in the West Indies. P. herbacea L. and P.
herbacea Jacq. are thus based on different types, and although taxonomically they
are the same, nomenclaturally they are not. Geophila herbacea (L.) K. Schum, is
therefore based on a later homonym. The citation of G. herbacea (Jacq.) K.
Schum., used by Spencer Moore in Fawcett & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 7: 111 (1936), and
also by I. M. Johnston (l.c.), is not legally permissible, although, as happens not
infrequently in such circumstances, it makes a strong appeal to our reason and
commonesense. The earlier P. herbacea Jacq. could not be re-established under
Geophila since the result would be a later homonym of Geophila herbacea (L.)
K. Schum. Names can thus kill one another and a bad name may make a good one
unusable.
Geocardia has been proposed by Standley in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 445
(1914) as a substitute for Geophila D. Don (1885), non Berg. (1803). The well-
known name Geophila D. Don should if necessary certainly be conserved.
I am very grateful to my colleague, Mr. H. K. Airy-Shaw, for help over the no-
menclature of this species.
Paederia foetens (Hiern) K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. 4*: 125.
1891.
Siphomeris foetens Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 229. 1877.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi, common on forest second-growths, vine 3=4 m.
high, foetid, flowers yellowish, native name (Chinyanja) ntuvituvi, 1100 m., Aug.
3, 1946, 17120.
Galopina circaeoides Thunb. Diss. Acad. 1: 4. 1781.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, several plants on an open bank in riverine
rain-forest, herb up to about 80 cm. high, stem solitary, ascending, flowers green,
1500 m., June 7, 1946, 16295. Previously known from S, Rhodesia and Portuguese
East Africa down to South Africa; new to Nyasaland.
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 455
Anthospermum herbaceum L, f. Suppl. 440. 1781.
Anthospermum lanceolatum Thunb. Prodr. Fl. Cap. 32. 1794.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, common in grassy rain-forest regrowths, herb,
scrambling to a height of 2 m., flowers greenish, 14590 m., June 3, 1946, 16189,
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, scrambling in brushy edges of rain-forest,
shrub 1.5 m. high, flowers greenish, 1400 m., Aug. 2, 1946, 17107. Tanganyika
Territory and the Belgian Congo to South Africa.
Anthospermum welwitschii Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. 2: 500. 1898.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, southwest ridge, among rocks on summit,
shrub 2 m. high, stems usually solitary and erect, bearing numerous short branches
at summit, flowers greenish, plant almost past flowering, 2400 m., June 28, 1946,
16494*; ibid., among rocks on summit, shrub 2 m. high, 2 of 16494, 2400 m., June
28, 1945, 16495; ibid., edge of stunted forest in gulley, shrub 2 m. high, 9, 2120
m., June 28, 1946, 16515; ibid., southwest slope, edges of stunted forest in gule
ly, S shrub 2 m. high, flowers dioecious, green, red in bud, 2120 m., June 28,
1946, 16519,* Previously known from Angola only; now new to Nyasaland.
Anthospermum whyteanum Britten, Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 4: 16. 1894.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common on rocks of open
slopes, shrub 1=2 m. high, branches few, erect, flowers yellowish, 1900 m., June
25, 1946, 16430. Nyasaland, Portuguese East Africa, N.(?) and S. Rhodesia.
This has been compared with the type of A. whyteanum, Whyte 48 from Mlanje,
now in the herbarium of the British Museum. The main characters of this plant
are the unicuspidate stipules, the shortly patent-hispid or patent-pilose stems and
the pubescent leaves. I have no evidence for the occurrence of this species in
Tanganyika Territory, and records from there are probably due to misidentification
of A. usambarense K. Schum.
Anthospermum usambarense K, Schum. Bot. Jahrb. 28: 112. 1899.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common in grassland edging montane
forest, d shrub 60-100 cm. high, erect, sparsely branched, flowers whitish, 2320
m., Aug. 16, 1946, 17265; ibid., common in grassland near borders of montane
forest, 2 shrub to 1.5 m. tall, pistillate plants commonly taller and more robust
than staminate, flowers greenish, 2320 m., Aug. 16, 1946, 17268; ibid., in grass-
land shrubberies, 2 shrub 1 m. high, flowers green, 2400 m., Aug. 18, 1946, 17318,
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan to Tanganyika Territory and the Belgian Congo; new to
Nyasaland.
Borreria dibrachiata (Oliv.) K. Schum. (errore ‘*Oliv.’’) in Engl. & Prantl, Nat.
Pflanzenf. 4*: 144. 1891.
Spermacoce dibrachiata Oliv. Trans. Linn. Soc. 29: 87. 1873.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, common amongst grass in woodlands, per-
ennial herb 50+70 cm. high, with several stems erect from a thick woody root-
stock, flowers purple, showy, calyx-lobes red, 1430 m., May 30, 1946, 16085.
Uganda to S. Rhodesia and Portuguese East Africa.
Rubia longipetiolata Bullock, Kew Bull. 1932: 497, 1932.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, brushy rain-forest regrowths, vine, scram-
bling to 2 m., fruit somewhat fleshy, pale green, 1700 m., June 24, 1946, 16407*;
ibid., west slope, vine, scrambling to a height of 2 m. in second-growth forest,
fruits blackish-purple when ripe, fleshy, 1650 m., July 18, 1946, 16859. Kota-
kota District: Nchisi Mountain, trailing amongst rocks in Brachystegia woodland,
perennial herb, stems less than 1 m. long, fruit fleshy, black, 1500 m., July 26,
1946, 16949. Widespread in eastern and central tropical Africa, southward to N.
Rhodesia.
456 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [WYol. 8, No. 5
Galium chlorofonanthum K. Schum. Bot. Jahrb. 30: 417. 1901.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common in forest re-
growths, scrambling to a height of 1 m., flowers green, 1850 m., July 1, 1946,
16574. Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Uganda, Tanganyika Territory, Belgian Congo,
and now new to Nyasaland.
Galium stenophyllum Bak. Kew Bull. 1895: 68. 1895.
Dedza District: Dedza, in moist depressions in Brachystegia woodland, per-
ennial herb, branches numerous, subprostrate, young shoots flowering after the
burning of the grass, flowers white, 1500 m., Sept. 13, 1946, 17633.
This is the true G. stenophyllum Baker, with which the following species has
been consistently confused. G. stenophyllum is found in SW. Tanganyika Terri-
tory and the adjacent part of N. Rhodesia, and is now recorded from Nyasaland
for the first time. Although Baker in describing his species referred to it a Nya-
saland specimen (Buchanan 770), I do not consider this to be the same species
as the rest of the specimens he mentioned, but the following species, G. bussei.
Galium stenophyllum may be separated from the following species by its more
flaccid appearance, by the leaves which are obtuse to acute at apex but lack the
distinct and longeattenuate acumen of the following species, by the widely spaced
partial inflorescences, the inflorescences themselves, however, being compact,
by the short, not filiform pedicels which become deflexed and arcuate after flow-
ering, and by the large cocci of the fruit. I suspect that G. stenophyllum has
white flowers while the following species has greenisheyellow to pale yellow
flowers, but the evidence is rather conflicting at the moment.
Galium bussei K. Schum. & K. Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 39: 571 (1907) var. glabrum
Brenan, var nov. (vide infra).
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, in tall grass under shade of trees in Brachy-
stegia woodland, perennial herb 60-70 cm. high, flowers not seen, fruits slightly
fleshy, 1430 m., May 30, 1946, 16080. Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, one
specimen in Brachystegia woodland, perennial herb 20 cm..high, flowers creame
coloured, fruits immature, 1400 m., Aug. 5, 1946, 17135*. For distribution see
below.
G. bussei has been very generally misidentified with G. stenophyllum; for the
distinction see under the latter species. Baker, indeed, with his original descrip-
tion of G. stenophyllum, cited a Nyasaland specimen, Buchanan 770 (Herb. Kew.),
which I consider referable to G. bussei, thus not conspecific with Baker’s other
cited specimens. I am grateful to Mr. P. J. Greenway, Botanist, East African
Agriculture and Forestry Research Organisation, who kindly had two sheets of
Busse 941, isotypes of G. bussei, sent to me on loan.
Under G. bussei the following four varieties may be recognised:
Galium bussei var. bussei.
Inflorescentiae satis densae et multiflorae; pedicelli breves, post anthesin
horizontales vel saepe deflexi; caules et folia plus minusve pubescentia.
The var. bussei is known from Tanganyika Territory (Ward U 24, Davies D
357, St. Clair Thompson 502,. Mr. & Mrs. Hornby 452, Burtt 1246, Busse 941 from
Mgaka Valley, the type of the species), Nyasaland (Buchanan 770, Whyte s.n.:
Kondowe to Karonga, Mrs. Faulkner, Kew No. 202), and S. Rhodesia (Eyles 723).
Galium bussei var. glabrum Brenan, var. nov.
Caules et folia glabra, aliter ut in var. bussel.
The var. glabrum is known from Tanganyika Territory (Burtt 2728 [TYPUS vari-
etatis in Herb. Kew.:Ufiume Mountain, E. aspect, alt. 1680-1830 m.; Jan. 1,
1930; common pale yellow flowered tufts], Haarer 1827, Lynes, Dabaga 16, Lynes
1954]. PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 457
1.4.93, Davies D 957, Emson 502), Nyasaland (Buchanan 67, 1358, Purves 62,
Brass 16080, 17135), N. Rhodesia (Eyles 8345), and S. Rhodesia (Cecil 127, 217,
Eyles 7092)
Galium bussei var. strictius Brenan, var. nov.
Inflorescentiae quam in var. bussei plerumque laxiores et diffusiores, saepe
pauciflorae; pedicelli saepe longiores, erecti vel erecto-patentes, post anthesin
haud deflexi; caules et folia plus minusve pubescentia.
The var. strictius is known from Nyasaland (Purves 59 [TYPUS varietatis in
Herb. Kew.: Zomba, alt. 885 m., Dec. 1900!) and N. Rhodesia (Cruse 456 from
Mufulira).
Galium bussei var. glabrostrictius Brenan, var. nov.
Caules praeter nodos et folia glabra, aliter ut in var. strictio.
The var. glabrostrictius is known from the Belgian Congo (Kassner 2292,
Robyns 1695), Tanganyika Territory (Michelmore 958, 1051), Nyasaland (Scott
s.n. Blantyre, Whyte s.n.: Zomba, 1896, Whyte s.n.:Mount Malosa, Adamson 146,
Cameron 11, Scott Elliot 8643) and N. Rhodesia (Carson s.n.:Fwambo, 1889,
Kassner 2264, Milne-Redhead 3214, Milne-Redhead 4283 [1YPUS varietatis in
Herb. Kew.: Just N. of Matonchi Farm in Brachystegia woodland, Jan. 22, 1938;
fruits yellow-green)).
G. busset.is in addition variable in the length of its stem and internodes. In-
termediates occur between the four varieties defined above, and it is therefore
sometimes hard to name certain specimens. There are, in general, two inflores-
cencestypes exemplified by var. bussei and var. strictius, each of which may be
hairy or glabrous. Judging from mixed gatherings, hairy and glabrous plants grow
together sometimes. All the specimens cited above, except Busse 941, are in
Herb. Kew. G. bussei differs from G. mollicomum Bullock by the much longer in-
ternodes and leaves.
Galium scabrellum K. Schum. Bot. Jahrb. 28: 113. 189.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common in open grasslands, perennial
herb 30=50 cm. high, dry flowers and fruits from plants partly killed back by early
frosts, 2340 m., Aug. 19, 1946, 17333; ibid., Nchenaschena Spur, occasional in
open grasslands, herb, stems to 1 m. long, weak, spreading and scrambling, 2000
m., Aug. 20, 1946, 17349. Belgian Congo, Uganda, Tanganyika Territory, Nyasa-
land, and S. Rhodesia.
Galium scabrellum seems, since the time of its publication, to have been com-
pletely neglected; one of the main reasons for this is that a strange error seems
to have been made about its type. K. Schumann based G. scabrellum ona single
specimen: ‘‘Nyasaland:zwischen dem See und dem Tanganjika=See auf dem
Nyika-Plateau zu 2000 und 2300 m (CARSSON)”’ [sic], No number or date is
given. ‘*Carsson”’ is clearly a misspelling of Alexander Carson’s surname, and
his specimens are at Kew, and hence an isotype of G. scabrellum might be ex-
pected there too. However, none of Carson’s specimens agrees at all either with
the description of G. scabrellum or the locality; and I can find no evidence that
Carson ever collected on the Nyika Plateau or indeed anywhere in Nyasaland.
On the other hand there is at Kew a specimen collected by Whyte from ‘*Nyika
Plateaux. 6000-7000 ft. June 1896"; the number 269 has been roughly pencilled
on the label. This specimen agrees well with the description of G. scabrellum;
and, as can be seen, with the type-locality, and is the only one at Kew ‘that
agrees in these two points. Whyte’s signature on the label is a shockingly il-
legible scrawl, only to be identified by a knowledge of his writing elsewhere. I
458 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Yol. 8, No. 5
feel morally sure that a duplicate of this specimen was the basis for G. scabrel-
lum and that by some error of reading or transcription the collector was wrongly
given as Carson. I therefore propose that, unless further evidence appears, Whyte
269 in the Kew Herbarium be accepted as an isotype of Galium seabrellum K.
Schum.
G. scabrellum, as here interpreted, is a yellow-flowered species, closely re-
lated to G. mollicomum Bullock, differing in its climbing or rambling growth with
elongate stems, broader leaves with + close reflexed teeth (in G. mollicomum the
teeth are often absent but if present are ascending), and the diffuse inflorescence.
DIP SACACEAE*®
Scabiosa columbaria L. Sp. Pl. 99. 1753; Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 252.
1877.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, common in Brachystegia woodlands, herb 70
cm. high, only one plant found in flower, flowers purple, 1500 m., June 6, 1946,
16285*. Kota-kota District: Chenga Hill, sporadic in low open Brachystegia
woodland, perennial herb 35=40 cm. high, flowers white, 1600 m., Sept. 9, 1946,
17593*, The species, taken in a wide sense, in Europe, Asia, and N. Africa, ex-
tending southward through tropical Africa to the Cape.
Mr. B. L. Burtt considers that both these specimens are best called S. co-
lumbaria, in a wide sense. It is a very widespread and protean species so that,
not surprisingly, these African representatives look different from the more fa-
miliar plant of Britain. No doubt it will prove possible to assign them to geo-
graphical varieties or subspecies, but first it will be necessary to study how the
species as a whole varies.
COMPOSITAE
Volkensia ripensis Hutch. Botanist in Southern Africa 508. 1946,
Kotackota District: Nchisi Mountain, occasional in swampy raineforest of a
gully, herb 2.5 m. high, stems simple, erect, flowers pale purple, 1400 m., Aug.
2, 1946, 17101. Nyasaland and N. Rhodesia.
Erlangea milanjiensis S. Moore, Jour. Bot. 46: 157. 1908.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, southwest ridge, edges of stunted forest in
a gully, shrub 1.5 m. high, with several stems erect from a common base, flowers
purple, 2120 m., June 28, 1946, 16518; Luchenya Plateau, occasional among shel-
tering rocks in grasslands, shrub 1.5 m. high, branches few, erect, flowers purple,
2150 m., July 9, 1946, 16747; ibid., frequent among sheltering rocks in grass-
lands,*shrub 1l=1.5 m. high, flowers pale purple, 2150 m., July 11, 1946, 16787.
Endemic to Mlanje Mountain.
Erlangea marginata (Oliv. & Hiern) S. Moore, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 310. 1902.
Vernonia marginata Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 278. 1877.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, locally common in Brachystegia woodlands,
herb 1=1.5 m. high, with erect single stem rather freely branched, leaves grey
beneath, flowers purple, 1500 m., June 5, 1946, 16258. Cholo District: Cholo
Mountain, occasional in rain-forest regrowth, herb 1 m. high, leaves grey beneath,
flowers purple, 1200 m., Sept. 21, 1946, 17702, East Africa from Uganda to
Nyasaland.
ee ——————————
53 Determinations by B. L. Burtt, formerly at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
34 Crassocephalum by E. Milne-Redhead, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 459
Vernonia holstii O. Hoffm. Bot. Jahrb. 20: 220. 1894,
Mlanje District: Likubula Gorge, frequent on rocky banks of river, shrub 1.5=2
m. high, weak, open branching habit, flowers very pale pink, 840 m., June 20,
1946, 16382. Kenya, Tanganyika Territory, Nyasaland, and S. Rhodesia.
Capitula a little smaller than usual; possibly varietally distinct, but not more.
Vernonia bainesii Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 272. 1877.
Kotaskota District: Nchisi Mountain, common among rocks in Brachystegia
woodland, two plants found in flower, perennial herb 80-100 cm. high, several
stems erect from a stout taproot, flowers lavender, 1500 m., July 26, 1946, 16961,
S. Rhodesia, and now new to Nyasaland.
Brass 16961 is a form with the phyllaries more acute than in other specimens
I have seen.
Vernonia petersii Oliv. & Hiern ex Oliv. Trans. Linn. Soc. 29: 90, 1873.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, on rocky open slopes, herb 40-50 cm. high,
flowers purple, 1500 m., June 2, 1946, 16146; ibid., frequent in Brachystegia
woodlands, perennial herb 40-70 cm. high, flowers purple, 1500 m., June 6, 1946,
16274, Blantyre District: Blantyre, in Brachystegia woodlands, herb 20 cm. high,
leaves purplish, flowers purple, 1100 m., June 17, 1946, 16339, Portuguese East
Africa, Nyasaland, N. and S. Rhodesia, Angola.
I do not see that V. karongensis Bak. Kew Bull. 1898: 147 (1898) differs spe-
cifically from V. petersii, and the latter is here taken in a wide sense.
Vernonia poskeana Vatke & Hildebr. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 1875: 324, 1875.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, common in Brachystegia woodlands espe-
cially on roadsides, annual herb 30-80 cm. high, flowers rich dark purple, showy,
1430 m., May 30, 1946, 16090, Kota-kota District: Nchisi, sporadic in Brachy-
stegia woodland, herb 80-100 cm. high, flowers dark purple, 1350 m., Aug. 1,
1946, 17087. Tanganyika Territory, southward to the Transvaal.
Vernonia chloropappa Bak. Kew Bull. 1898: 146. 1898. |
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, Nchenaschena Spur, occasional in
Brachystegia woodlands, 70-80 cm. high, flowers pink, pappus of fruit green,
1400 m., Aug. 20, 1946, 17368. Nyasaland, N. Rhodesia.
Vernonia nestor S. Moore, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 317. 1902.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, sporadic in Brachystegia woodland, per-
ennial herb 50-70 cm. high, flowers dark purple, pappus of fruit white, 1400 m.,
July 24, 1946, 16894. From Tanganyika Territory to N. Rhodesia and Nyasaland
in the east, extending westward to Nigeria. |
Vernonia natalensis Schultz-Bip. ex Walp. Repert. 2: 947. 1843.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Chambe Plateau, pathways in grasslands,
herb 40 cm. high, flowers purple, 1950 m., July 9, 1946, 16764. Tanganyika Ter-
ritory to South Africa.
Vernonia cistifolia O. Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 404. 1895.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, in open grasslands, 3 plants seen, perennial
herb 60-90 cm. high, erect from a thick woody stock, stoloniferous, leaves grey
beneath, flowers purple, 1320 m., May 31, 1946, 16122. Tanganyika Territory to
S. Rhodesia and Portuguese East Africa.
Brass 16122 is, as usual, the var. rosea O. Hoffm., 1l.c., with purple flowers.
V. bothrioclinoides C. H, Wright, Kew Bull. 1906: 108 (1906), which was origi-
nally described from Nyasaland, was said by Wright to be akin to V. karaguensis
Oliv. & Hiern ex Oliv.; to me that seems wrong. V. bothrioclinoides is in my
opinion merely a variant of V. cistifolia with phyllaries more strongly reflexed
460 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
than normal; and other plants that can only be put under V. cistifolia occur with
the phyllaries partially reflexed. In its extreme it is striking, and I consider the
following transfer necessary: V. cistifolia O. Hoffm. var. bothrioclinoides (C. H
Wright) Brenan, stat. nov.
Vernonia bellinghamii S. Moore, Jour. Bot. 38: 155. 1900.
Mombera District: 10 miles N. of Mzimba, common on stony ground in Brachy-
stegia woodland, shrub 2=2.5 m. tall, leaves grey beneath, pappus of fruit white,
1370 m., Aug. 9, 1946, 17144. Portuguese East Africa, Nyasaland, and S.
Rhodesia.
Vernonia melleri Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 282. 1877.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, in Brachystegia woodlands, perennial herb
25-50 cm. high, flowers pale blue, 1100 m., June 17, 1946, 16333.* Mlanje Dis-
trict: Likubula Gorge, occasional in Uapaca-Brachystegia woodlands, herb 50-70
cm. high, with one or more stems erect from a stout woody stock, flowers pale
blue, 840 m., June 20, 1946, 16379, Kota-kota District: Nchisi, rare, in Brachy-
stegia woodland, perennial herb 80-120 cm. high, stem one, erect from a thick
woody stock, flowers cornflower-blue, showy, 1350 m., Aug. 1, 1946, 17088. Por-
tuguese East Africa, Nyasaland, N. and S. Rhodesia, Belgian Congo.
Vernonia paludigena S. Moore, Jour. Bot. 52: 91. 1914.
Kotaekota District: Chia area, one example in dry sandy woodland of lake
plain, herb, flowers pale greenish-blue, 480 m., Sept. 6, 1946, 17548.* Belgian
Congo and Nyasaland, probably also in N. Rhodesia and Tanganyika Territory.
Vernonia pteropoda Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 283. 1877.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, occasional in forest
opening, shrub 2#2.5 m. high, little branched, just beginning to open flowers,
flowers white, 1850 m., July 8, 1946, 16731.* Cholo District: Cholo Mountain,
occasional in rain-forest undergrowth, herb up to 1 m. high, flowers white, 1300
m., Sept. 20, 1946, 17679. Portuguese East Africa, Nyasaland, S. Rhodesia.
Vernonia amygdalina Del. Cent. Pl. Afr. Voy. Méroé 41. 1826.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi, common in old fallow lands and on roadsides’ tree
4=—5 m. high, compact, attractive, flowers white, pappus of fruit yellowish, native
name (Chinyanja) fusa, 1350 m., Aug. 1, 1946, 17080. Kasungu District: Kasungu,
on brushy banks of stream in Brachystegia woodland, shrub 5 m. high, flowers
white, 1000 m., Aug. 24, 1946, 17407. Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River,
on sandy river-banks, shrub 2 m. high, flowers white, 180 m., Oct. 3, 1946, 17930.
Widespread in tropical Africa.
Vernonia glabra (Steetz) Vatke, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 27: 194. 1877.
Linzia glabra Steetz in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 353. 1863.
Zomba District: Zomba, frequent in long grass of woodlands, herbaceous shrub
1.5=2 m. high, very showy, florets bright pale blue, pappus of fruit purplish, 1150
m., May 26, 1946, 16037. Kota-kota District: Nchisi, occasional weed in old gare
dens, herb about 1 m. tall, stem simple, erect, florets purple in bud, pale blue at
anthesis, 1100 m., Aug. 3, 1946, 17118. Kenya to South Africa.
Vernonia obconica Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv, Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 286 (1877) does
not seem to me to be separable specifically from V. glabra.
Vernonia glabra (Steetz) Vatke var. laxa (Steetz) Brenan, comb. nov.
Linzia glabra Steetz vat. laxa Steetz in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 354, 1863.
? Vernonia ondongensis Klatt ex Schinz, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 430. 1895.
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, occasional on grassy alluvial plain, woody
herb to 2 m. high, flowers purple, 200 m., Oct. 2, 1946, 17898, Lower Mwanza
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 461
River, scattered on sandy beaches, herb 1 m. high, flowers purple, 180 m., Oct.
6, 1946, 18018. For distribution see below.
I have not seen the original specimens of Linzia glabra var. laxa, which are
presumably now destroyed, but Steetz’s description leaves no reasonable doubt
that he intended our plant. Although some intermediates do occur, var. laxa
seems generally quite a well-marked variety, with smaller narrower capitula often
on longer peduncles and a usually lax inflorescence. In the Kew Herbarium there
are numerous specimens of the variety—too numerous to cite in detail here—
ranging from Tanganyika Territory in the north to Zululand in the south. Judging
from collectors’ notes, var. Jaxa seems decidedly addicted, as Steetz originally
pointed out, to cultivated fields,and sandy and marshy ground by rivers and lakes.
Vernonia aurantiaca (O, Hoffm.) N. E. Br. Kew Bull. 1909: 116. 1909.
Gongrothamnus divaricatus Steetz in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 342. 1863; non Ver
nonia divaricata Sw. 1806.
Gongrothamnus aurantiacus O. Hoffm. Bot. Jahrb. 30: 433. 1901.
Vernonia vitellina N. E. Br. Kew Bull. 1909: 117. 1909.
Mombera District: 39 miles S. of Njakwa, common on termite mounds in Brachy-
stegia woodland, shrub 3=5 m. high, subscandent, flowers orange, showy, 1220
m., Aug. 9, 1946, 17141, Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, in dry brushy forest of
river-plain, subscandent shrub 3 m. high, flowers orange, 200 m., Oct. 2, 1946,
17903.* Kenya to Bechuanaland.
Vernonia aurantiaca represents the form with shortly peduncled capitula and
ovate to oblong acute phyllaries; while V. vitellina has heads on longer peduncles
and lanceolate very acute phyllaries. I find so many gradations between these
extremes that I do not consider that they can be kept as distinct species.
Vernonia shirensis Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 291, 1877.
Vernonia leptolepis Bak. Kew Bull. 1898: 147. 1898; non O. Hoffm. in Engl.
Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 405. 1895.
Zomba District: Zomba, frequent on slopes of hills in Brachystegia woodland,
shrub 1 m. high, flowerebracts green, upper white, florets white, 1100 m., May 24,
1946, 16027.* Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, occasional in shrubberies
bordering rain-forest, shrub 1.5 m. high, robust, leaves greyish beneath, upper
bracts white, lower green, flowers very pale pink, 1600 m., July 31, 1946, 17059.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, occasional in rain-forest regrowth, shrub 1.5 m.
high, upper bracts white, lower green, florets white, 1200 m., Sept. 21, 1946,
17701. Belgian Congo, Nyasaland, N, and S. Rhodesia.
I do not think that V. /eptolepis is more than a glabrescent form of V. shtiren-
sis Oliv. & Hiern, and prefer to treat the two as conspecific.
Vernonia sp. nr. tolypophora Mattf. Bot. Jahrb. 59 (Beibl. 133): 6. 1924,
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, one specimen seen on forest edges,
shrub 1.5 m. high, erect, sparsely branched, flowers purple, later white, 2300 m.,
Aug. 11, 1946, 17174.
Brass 17174 has broader appendages to the phyllaries than in V. tolypophora,
which was described from southwestern Tanganyika Territory. A specimen with-
out number in Herb. Kew. collected by Whyte in N. Nyasaland is apparently the
same as Mr. Brass’ specimen, but further material is wanted.
Vernonia polyura O. Hoffm. Bot. Jahrb. 30: 422. 1901.
Mlanje District: Likubula Gorge, frequent in Brachystegia woodlands, tree
4-6 m. high, leaves crinkled, very pale dull green, bitter, used in native medicine,
flowers purple, 840 m., June 20, 1946, 16374. Kasungu District: Kasungu; Ka-
sungu Hill, frequent on rocky slopes, tree or shrub 47 m. high, flowers dry, ap-
462 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Yol. 8, No. 5
parently white, 1100 m., Aug. 28, 1946, 17452, Pile Territory and
Nyasaland.
Vernonia thomsoniana Oliv. & Hiern ex Oliv. Trans. Linn. Soc. 29: 91 (1873)
var. livingstoniana (Oliv. & Hiern) Pichi-Sermolli, Webbia 7: 340. 1950.
Vernonia livingstoniana Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 295. 1877.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi, occasional in gullies in Brachystegia woodland,
shrub 2-2.5 m. high, stems several, erect, leaves somewhat bitter, in repute as
a febrifuge, flowers pale purple, native name (Chinyanja) fusa, 1350 m., Aug. 1,
1946, 17077. Nchisi Mountain, common on old garden land, about 2 m. high, flow-
ers pale purple, 1350 m., Sept. 9, 1946, 17612. Cholo District: Cholo Mountain,
on grassy edge of rain-forest, erect shrub, sparingly branched, flowers white,
1200 m., Sept. 22, 1946, 17734. Anglo-Egyptian Sudan to S. Rhodesia and Por-
tuguese East Africa.
I agree with Prof. Dr. PichieSermolli that the differences between Vernonia
livingstoniana and V. thomsoniana are not specific, and I therefore unite them.
Vernonia ampla O. Hoffm. Bot. Jahrb. 30: 423. 1901, e descr.
Vernonia podocoma sensu Schultz-Bip. ex Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 296.
1877; non Schultz-Bip. ex Vatke, Linnaea 39: 476. 1875. Vide Pichi-Sermolli,
Webbia 7: 342=345, 1950,
Vernonia oliveriana Pichi-Sermolli, Webbia 7: 345. 1950.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, abundant in rain-forest regrowths, shrub 2=4
m. high, flowers purple, conspicuous, native name (Chinyanja) fusa, 1200 m.,
Sept. 25, 1946, 17805. Abyssinia to the Transvaal and Zululand.
I am inclined to agree with Prof. Dr. PichieSermolli that Vernonia podocoma
Schultz-Bip. ex Oliv. & Hiern must be considered a later homonym. I do not,
however, feel that it was necessary to create the new name Vernonia oliveriana,
as there were already names in existence which in my opinion belong to the same
species. The earliest of these is Vernonia ampla, which I therefore adopt. I have
not seen the type, which is now presumably destroyed, but the description is so
clear that I feel that there is no doubt about the plant intended.
Ageratinastrum polyphyllum (Bak.) Mattf. Notizbl. Bot. Gar. Berlin 11: 412. 1932.
Ageratum polyphyllum Bak. Kew Bull. 1898: 148. 1898.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, Nchena-chena Spur, plentiful in open
grasslands, perennial herb 40-50 cm. high, flowers rose=-purple, 2000 m., Aug.
20, 1946, 17345, Tanganyika Territory and Nyasaland.
Elephantopus scaber L. Sp. Pl. 814 (1753) subsp. plurisetus (O. Hoffm.) Philip-
son, Jour. Bot. 76: 303. 1938.
Eleshantopus scaber L. var. plurisetus O. Hoffm. Bot. Jahrb. 30: 426. 1901.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, frequent in Brachystegia woodlands, peren-
nial herb 70 cm. high, flowers not seen, 1430 m., May 30, 1946, 16086. The spe-
cies in Old World tropics, the subspecies (including some varieties) in E. Africa
from Uganda to Portuguese East Africa and Angola.
Adenostemma caffrum DC. Prodr. 5: 112 (1836)** var. asperum Brenan, var. nov.
Caules plus minusve pubescentes necnon praesertim inferne pilis conicis
rigidis plus minusve densis asperi; folia lanceolata vel graco-lahera ame brevius
et obtusius serrata, utrinque.aspera vel asperrima.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, marshy ground in Bpieby Sea woodland,
herb, stem reddish, flowers white, 1400 m., July 27, 1946, 16979 (typus varieta-
38 Adenostemma viscosum sensu Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 299. 1877,
pro parte; non Forst.
e
-
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 463
tis); ibid., in marshy Brachystegia woodland, herb 1 m. high, flowers white, 1400
m., July 28, 1946, 17009.* The species widespread in tropical and S. Africa; for
the variety see below.
Besides the above Nyasaland specimens, the following in Herb. Kew. are ref-
erable to this variety.
BELGIAN CONGO: Rutshuru, 1937, Ghesquiere 3790,
ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN: Tuhumis Seriba, Tudimma, Niam-niam Land, in swamps,
flowers white, May 25, 1870, Schweinfurth 3784.
UGANDA: Western Province, Toro District: ‘‘'Kasamaga’”’? (? =Kasagama), 1620 m.,
April, Scott Elliot 7606. Buganda Province, Masaka District: Kiebbe, occasional in
swampy grassland, 1 m. high, flowers white, 1220 m., June 25, 1935, A. S. Thomas Th.
1326, Mengo District: swampy parts near Kampala, June 24, 1915, J. D. Maitland 137.
AB; King’s Lake, Kampala, on marshy outskirts of lake, height up to nearly 75 cm. insome
cases, stems and leaves purplish, flowers white, 1190 m., Nov. 22, 1935, Chandler-
Hancock 88, Entebbe District: Entebbe, Butambala country, herb 1 m. high, heads white
owing to large long white stigmas protruding, all parts of flower with sticky glands, sweet
scented, 1220 m., Dec. 1930, Hansford S 1867. Province and district doubtful: Nyakaswia
School, among shrubs, flowers white, leaves used for cough-medicine, vernacular name
omurubate, 1620 m., May 20, 1932, E. M. Shillito 112, ‘‘Cultivated ground Uganda,”’’ herb
30-60 cm. high, whole plant rough to touch, flowers white, 1880, Rev. C. T. Wilson 128.
Kenya: Nyanza Valley Province, Nandi District: Nandi country, Sibu, 1905, Sir Evan
James s. n.
S. RHODESIA: Umtali District: Odzani River Valley, 1914, A. J. Teague 177.
Typical Adenostemma caffrum DC. from S. Africa has coarsely incise-serrate
leaves, usually with a very short scabrid pubescence on the nerves beneath, and
a similar indumentum on the stem. The new variety has a much coarser and
denser, strongly asperous pubescence on both sides of the leaf, giving it a sand-
papery ‘“‘feel.’’ The stem, especially the lower part, is more or less strongly
beset with, in addition to its pubescence, hard conical tubercle-like hairs making
the stem very rough. The leaves of the new variety are lanceolate to ovate-
lanceolate with shallower and more obtuse serrations than in the S. African plant.
In tropical Africa plants occur having leaves similar in shape to var. asperum, but
glabrous or only sparingly pubescent, and these are connected with the variety
by some intermediates.
Adenostemma perrottetii DC. Prodr. 5: 110. 1836,
Adenostemma dregei DC, Prodr. 5: 111. 1836.
Adenostemma viscosum sensu Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 299. 1877, pro
parte; non Forst.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, gregarious in open muddy bottoms of gullies
in rain-forest, herb about 50 cm, high, fleshy, ascending, flowers white, 1200 m.,
Sept. 21, 1946, 17724. Widespread in tropical and S. Africa.
I am unable to distinguish A. dregei from A. perrottetii, which is itself very
closely akin to the Asiatic A. lavenia (L.) Kuntze, and apparently only distin-
guishable, perhaps not specifically, by the nature of the warting on the achenes.
For further comments see Koster, Blumea 1: 469 et seq. (1935).
Eupatorium africanum Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 301. 1877.
Kota-kota District: Chenga Hill, frequent in low open Brachystegia woodland,
perennial herb 30-40 cm. high, viscid, rootstock large, woody, numerous young
stems forming bushy clumps after burning of the grass, flowers cream, 1600 m.,
Sept. 9, 1946, 17596. Widespread in tropical Africa, extending south to the Trans-
vaal and Swaziland.
Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) B. L. Robins. Contr. Gray Herb. 104: 65. 1934.
Ewpatorium cordatum Burm. f. Fl. Ind. 176. pl. 58, f. 2. 1768.
Mikania.scandens sensu auct. afr.; non (L.) Willd.
464 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Yol. 8, No. 5
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, west slopes, in brushy second-growth forest,
vine 3 m. high, flowers cream, 1650 m., July 18, 1946, 16875. Kota-kota District:
Nchisi Mountain, occasional in rain-forest of gullies, vine 3=5 m. tall, flowers
white, anthers brown, 1350 m., Aug. 2, 1946, 17105. Cholo District: Cholo Moun-
tain, common in rain-forest regrowths, vine 4=8 m. high, flowers white, 1200 m.,
Sept. 23, 1946, 17766. Tropics of the Old World.
Robinson (l.c.) points out that the old-world plant that we have been calling
M. scandens is not the same thing as Willdenow’s true M. scandens from N. Amer-
ica, but that it should bear the name M. cordata. Although, owing to lack of mate-
rial, Robinson left the exact clearing-up of the African ‘*M. scandens”’ till later,
the common plant of Africa seems obviously the same as that of Asia and also,
as Robinson says, different from the North American M. scandens. For additional
comments see Koster, Blumea 1: 509=510 (1935). ,
Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 333. 1891.
Hippia integrifolia L. f. Suppl. 389. 1781.
Grangea latifolia Lam. Ill. pl. 699, f. 1. 1797.
Dichrocephala latifolia (Lam.) DC, Prodr. 5: 372. 1836; Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl.
Trop. Afr... 3: 303. 1877.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, in a forest opening, herb
80 cm. high, flowers greenish, 1890 m,, July 12, 1946, 16801.* Tropics and sub-
tropics of the Old World.
Felicia homochroma S, Moore, Jour. Bot. 59: 229. 1921.**
Kotackota District: Nchisi Mountain, plentiful on shallow seepage-wet soil in
Brachystegia woodland, herb 10=30 cm. high, flowers yellow, 1400 m., July 24,
1946, 16915, Belgian Congo, N. Rhodesia, and Nyasaland.
Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 353. 1891.
Conyza pyrifolia Lam. Encyc. 2: 89. 1786.
Microglossa volubilis DC. Prodr. 5: 320. 1836; Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr.
32.309. 1877.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, in rain-forest regrowth, scandent shrub 10 m.
high, leaves greyish beneath, flowers greenish-white, 1200 m., Sept. 28, 1946,
17852. Widespread in tropical Africa and Asia.
Nidorella malosana Bak. Kew Bull. 1898: 149. 1898.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, in Brachystegia woodlands, perennial herb
40 cm. high, flowers yellow, 1500 m., June 6, 1946, 16287. Endemic to
Nyasaland.
Nidorella auriculata DC. Prodr. 5: 322. 1836.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, in an erosion gully in
grassland, shrub 1.5 m. high, flowers yellow, 1900 m., July 16, 1946, 16854,
Nyasaland to South Africa.
Nidorella microcephala Steetz in Peters, Reise Mossamb, Bot. 406. 1863;Oliv. &
Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 310. 1877.
Kotaskota District: Chia area, plentiful on moist banks of a stream in lake-
plain woodland, herb about 1 m. high, flowers yellow, 480 m., Sept. 2, 1946,
17504. Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, plentiful on sandy beaches,
herb about 1 m. high, flowers yellow, 180 m., Oct. 4, 1946, 17971. Uganda to
Nyasaland and Portuguese East Africa.
Conyza persicifolia (Benth.) Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 312. 1877.
Erigeron persicaefolium Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 430. 1849.
36 Determined by R. D. Meikle.
1954} PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 465
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, only one example on edge of rainceforest,
herb 2 m. high, flowers yellow, apparently an annual, 1650 m., July 31, 1946,
17053. Widely distributed in tropical Africa.
Blumea aurita (L. f.) DC. ex Wight, Contr. Bot. India 16. 1834; DC. Prodr. 5:
‘449, 1836,
Conyza aurita L. f. Suppl. 367. 1781.
One piece mixed with 17932 [Epaltes alata (Sond.) Steetz var. serratifolia
(Steetz) Meikle & Brenan, q. v.] from Chikwawa District, Lower Mwanza River,
collected on Oct. 3, 1946. Tropics of the Old World.
Blumea lacera (Burm. f) DC. ex Wight, Contr. Bot. India 14. 1834; DC, Prodr. 5:
436, 1836.
Conyza lacera Burm. f. Fl. Ind. 180. 1768.
Kota-kota District: Kota-kota, in old gardens, herb 1.2 m. high, flowers purple,
460 m., Aug. 7, 1946, Shortridge 17395. Tropical Africa and Asia; also in S.
America (? introduced).
Laggera alata (D. Don) Schultz-Bip. ex Oliv. Trans. Linn. Soc. 29: 94, 1873.
Erigeron alatum D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 171. 1825.
Conyza alata Roxb. Hort. Beng. 61. 1814, nomen nudum; FI. Ind. ed. 2. 3: 430. 1832,
cum descr.
Kotarkota District: Nchisi Mountain, common in Brachystegia woodland, per-
ennial herb 5080 cm. high, aromatic, viscid, flower-heads nodding, flowers pur
ple, 1400 m., July 24, 1946, 16892; ibid., fruiting specimen of 16892, in Brachy-
stegia woodland, 1400 m., July 25, 1946, 16924.* Widespread in tropical Africa
and Asia, and decidedly variable.
Laggera brevipes Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 327. 1877.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, in Brachystegia woodland, perennial herb
50 cm. high, leaves viscid, aromatic, flowers purple, heads erect, 1400 m., July
24, 1946, 16893. Kenya to Angola and S. Rhodesia.
Epaltes alata (Sond.) Steetz*®”’ var. serratifolia (Steetz) Meikle & Brenan, comb.
nov.
Epaltes umbelliformis Steetz var. serratifolia Steetz in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot.
454, 1863.
Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, common on sandy beaches, aromatic
herb to 1 m. high, stoloniferous, viscid, flowers purple, native name ligira, 180
me, Oct. 3, 1946, 17932. E&. alata and its variety have a wide distribution in E.
Africa from the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan to the Cape, and also occur in the French
Sudan and Chari.
This variety has been frequently misidentified in herbaria as E. umbelliformis
Steetz, but a comparison between Steetz’ descriptions of his f. vulgaris and var.
serratifolia will show that typical E. umbelliformis is so close to E. alata as to
not to be worth separating, even as a variety. For the main distinguishing chars
acters of var. serratifolia reference may be made to Steetz’ description; though
Mone appear really constant, specimens may conveniently be sorted into those
showing marked tendencies towards one or the other.
Brass 17932 was at any rate partly mixed: see Blumea aurita (L. f.) DC. ex
37 Epaltes alata (Sond.) Steetz in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 452. 1863; Ethulia alata
Sond. Linnaea 23: 60. 1850; Epaltes umbelliformis Steetz incl. f. vulgaris Stéetz in Peters,
Reise Mossamb. Bot. 452, 453. 1863.
466 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Less. Syn. Gen. Comp. 301. 1832; Moeser, Bot.
Jahrb. 44: 242. 1910.
Gnaphalium odoratissimum L. Sp. Pl. 855. 1753,
Achyrocline hochstetteri Schultz-Bip. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 429, 1848.
Helichrysum hochstetteri (Schultz-Bip. ex A. Rich.) Hook. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot.
6: 13. 1862; Moeser, Bot. Jahrb. 44: 241. 1910.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, common in moist grassy clearings, herb 1 m.
high, leaves greyish, flowers bright golden-yellow, 1400 m., May 28, 1946, 16071.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, frequent in grassland edging
forest, herb 40—50 cm. high with numerous suberect branches forming a shapely
grey bush, flowers yellow, 2180 m., July 3, 1946, 16638; ibid., plentiful on forest
edges of secondary growths, herb, scrambling to 2=3 m., flowers bright yellow,
inflorescence flat-topped, 1890 m., July 13, 1946, 16824. Kota-kota District:
Nchisi Mountain, common on grassy borders of forest, herb 1 m. high, erect or
ascending, sparsely branched or simple, flowers yellow, 1400 m., July 27, 1946,
16984, Abyssinia and AngloeEgyptian Sudan to South Africa.
I am quite unable to see specific differences between H. ‘odoratissimum and
H,. hochstetteri, The individual capitula are slightly larger and more-flowered in
south tropical Africa and the Cape, and correspondingly smaller and fewer-flow-
ered in the northern part of the range, but there seems a gradual transition from
one to the other in the intermediate part.
Helichrysum chrysophorum §S, Moore, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 37: 318. 1906; Moeser,
Bot. Jahrb. 44: 242. 1910.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, southwest ridge, frequent on sloping rocks
faces, herb 30=40 cm. high, pleasantly aromatic, viscid, flowers yellow, 2350 m.,
June 28, 1946, 16504, Endemic to Nyasaland.
Helichrysum schimperi (Schultz-Bip. ex A. Rich.) Moeser, Bot. Jahrb. 44: 244.
1910.
Achyrocline schimperi Schultz-Bip. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 428. 1848.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, on edges of juniper forest, scrambling
shrub 4=5 m. tall, leaves grey beneath, flowers yellow, bracts greenish, 2200 m.,
Aug. 11, 1946, 17151. Abyssinia and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan to Nyasaland.
Helichrysum densiflorum Oliv. Hook. Ic. Pl. p/. 2286. 1894; Moeser, Bot, Jahrb,
44: 247. 1910.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, frequent in rocky places
on grasslands, tree or shrub up to 3 m. high, branches erect, leaves viscid, in-
florescence flat-topped, flowers yellow, 2200 m., July 3, 1946, 16644. Nyasaland
and Tanganyika Territory.
Helichrysum fruticosum (Forsk.) Vatke, Linnaea 39: 491. 1875; Moeser, Bot.
Jahrb. 44: 257. 1910.
Gnaphalium fruticosum Forsk. Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 218. 1775.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common in open grasslands, herb 25=50
cm. high, annual, flowers yellow, 2340 m., Aug. 12, 1946, 17185, Abyssinia and
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan to South Africa; also in the Cameroons and the Comoro
Islands.
H, fruticosum is uncommonly variable, and is here taken in a wide sense.
Helichrysum abietinum O. Hoffm. Bot. Jahrb. 30; 429. 1901; Moeser, Bot. Jahrb.
44: 278. 1910.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, occasional in montane forest Secondaty
growths, shrub about 1 m. high, compact, bushy, early flowers only, yellow, 2400
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 467
m., Aug. 18, 1946, 17320. New to Nyasaland, previously only known from Tan-
ganyika Territory.
The specimen has rather longer leaves (ca. 1.1-1.5 cm.) than the Tanganyika
material of H. abietinum, but I see no other difference, and would regard it merely
as an habitat form.
Helichrysum lastii Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. (Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss.
Berl. 1891:) 430. 1892; Moeser, Bot. Jahrb. 44: 279. 1910.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, occasional on an exposed rocky summit, per-
ennial herb 30=40 cm. high, plant grey-tomentose, flowers bright yellow, 1820 m.,
May 31, 1946, 16127. Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, com-
mon and conspicuous in grasslands, often gregarious, perennial herb 30-50 cm.
high, leaves silvery-grey, flowers yellow, 1820 m., June 25, 1946, 16424. Nyasa-
land and Portuguese East Africa; a very similar plant collected at Nakuru in
Kenya (Scott Elliot 6843).
Helichrysum ($ Leptolepidea) riparium Brenan, sp. nov.
H, pachyrhizo Harv. tantum comparanda, capitulis haudquaquam rubellis, in-
volucri foliolis superne abrupte squarroso-reflexis parte reflexo undulato-crispato,
internodiis et foliis superne longioribus satis differt.
Herba 30-40 cm. alta, erecta, basi et superne valde ramosa ramis erecto-
patentibus, praeter inflorescentias omnino dense sed breviuscule griseo-araneosa;
caules 1-3 mm. diametro; internodia superne circiter 1-2 cm. longa. Folia charta-
cea, laxa, recurva usque suberecta, lineari-oblanceolata, inferiora 3©3.8 cm.
longa et apicem versus 2.5=5 mm. lata, superne sensim decrescentia et plerumque
0.8=2 cm. longa et 1=2 mm. lata, omnia basi caulem arcte et anguste amplectentia,
apice subacuta; costa et nervi vix cernendi. Inflorescentia valde laxa, e glomeru-
lis numerosis subsessilibus vel usque ad circiter 3 cm. longe pedunculatis sub-
globosis densissimis circiter 1=1.8 cm. diametro e capitulis compluribus effor-
matis basi foliis paucis amplexis composita. Capitula in glomerulis sessilia, ut
videtur homogama, circiter 24-25-flora; involucrum 5 mm. altum, apicem versus
6 mm. latum; foliola praeter extima glabra, scariosa, nitidula, albido-hyalina, ©
circiter 6-serialia, superne squarroso-recurva et margine undulata, apice acuta
vel apiculata, extima oblonga 2 mm. longa 0.5 mm. lata, interiora majora usque
ad 4.25 mm. longa 1 mm. lata parte inferiore viridulo-costata et hyalina superiore
albida. Flores g anguste tubulosi, 3,5=3.7 mm. longi, ad apicem minute 5-lobati,
tubo pallido apice purpurascenti, lobis luteis; antherae 1.4 mm. longae. Ovarium
dense papilloso-glandulosum, pappi setis 3 mm. longis coronatum. Achaenia
obovoidea, 0.7 mm. longa, 0.3 mm. lata, purpureo-brunnea, glandulosa.
NYASALAND: Chikwawa District: Lower Mwanza River, one specimen on a sandy
beach, herb, flowers yellow, bracts white, Oct. 3, 1946, 17938*; ibid., occasional on
sandy beaches, herb 40 cm. high, greyish, bushy, flowers yellow, bracts white, 180 m.,
Oct. 4, 1946, 17974 (TYPUS).
ANGOLA: Mossamedes District: Between Umpupe and Palmfontein, 1000 m., Aug. 27,
1899, Baum 28 (Herb. Brit. Mus.).
H. riparium has a distinct superficial similarity to H. pachyrhizum Harv., but
is distinguished by habit and capitula. In addition the longer internodes and up-
per leaves give H. riparium a laxer appearance than is normal in H. pachyrhizum.
In the latter the capitula are always, it seems, more or less tinted with rosy or
purple, a colour which is absent in the new species except for a slight tinge on
the corolla-tube. The phyllaries of H. riparium have a squarrose appearance even
when young, while in 4. pachyrhizum they are at first erect (although becoming
teflexed later on), and always lack the pretty and characteristic crisping of the
468 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
upper part that H. riparium shows. The inner phyllaries of the latter seem to have
a more pronouncedly apiculate apex than those of H. pachyrhizum. |
Baum 28 in the herbarium of the British Museum (Natural History) is a form
of H. riparium with the stem rather quickly glabrescent and brownish, and the
leaves less tomentose. The specimen was enumerated by O. Hoffmann in War-
burg, Kunene-Sambesi Exp. 412 (1903) as H. pachyrhizum Harv., and the locality
as ‘‘vor Ediva’’ at 930 m. The cited locality is that on the label of the British
Museum specimen.
Helichrysum panduratum O. Hoffm. Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 1: 827. 1901: Moeser,
Bot. Jahrb. 44: 312. 1910.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, frequent in rain-forest regrowths, herb 1 m.
high, loosely branched, branches ascending, flowers yellow, 1200 m., Sept. 19,
1946, 17654, Uganda to South Africa.
Helichrysum bullulatum S. Moore, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 37: 319. 1906; Moeser,
Bot. Jahrb. 44: 313. 1910.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, uncommon among rocks
in grassland, shrub 1 m. high, branches erect, numerous, flowers brownish-yellow,
2200 m., July 3, 1946, 16639, Endemic to Nyasaland.
Helichrysum syncephalum Bak. Kew Bull. 1898: 151. 1898; Moeser, Bot. Jahrb.
44: 314. 1910, excl. syn. et spec. in monte Mlanje lectum.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common on grassy edges
of forest, herb about 1 m. high, just coming into flower, flower-bracts white (pink
in bud), 1890 m., July 8, 1946, 16736; ibid., common on forest edges and in low
second growths, herb 1.5=2 m. high, flowers yellow, bracts pink in bud, pinkish-
white in anthesis, 1890 m., July 14, 1946, 16832, Endemic to Nyasaland.
See note under the following species. .
Helichrysum sordidum S. Moore, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 37: 315. 1906,
Helichrysum achyroclinoides S, Moore, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 332. 1902; non Bak.
Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 25: 328. 1890.
Helichrysum syncephalum sensu Moeser, Bot. Jahrb. 44: 314. 1910, quoad ‘syn. et
spec. in monte Mlanje lectum; non Bak.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, occasional on rocks in
open grasslands, herb 30=50 cm. high, forming a compact grey bush, flowers dull
white, 1870 m., June 27, 1946, 16458; ibid., frequent in rocky grasslands, herb
30—40 cm. high, habit bushy, flowers yellow, bracts dull white, 1960 m., July 16,
1946, 16851. Endemic to Nyasaland.
H. sordidum differs from H. syncephalum Baker in the very branched bushy
habit, with numerous and more slender stems, much smaller and more closely set
leaves, smaller, more compact and scarcely pinketinged corymbs. Moeser (l.c.)
sinks H. sordidum under H. syncephalum, but I disagree with this opinion. Both
species have been re-collected since, and there is no sign of intermediates.
Helichrysum adscendens (Thunb.) Less. Syn. Gen. Comp. 274. 1832; Moeser, Bot.
Jahrb. 44: 319. 1910.
Gnaphalium adscendens Thunb. Prods. Fl. Cap. 150. 1800.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, frequent in open grasslands, perennial herb
50-80 cm. high, with several to many stems erect from a basal rosette, plant grey-
ish, florets and bracts pale yellow, 1800 m., May 31, 1946, 16121. New to Nyasa-
land; extending through S. Rhodesia to South Africa.
Helichrysum whyteanum Britten, Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 4: 19, 1894; Moeser,
Bot. Jahrb. 44: 327. 1910.
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 469
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, frequent in open rocky
situations on grasslands, shrub 30=40 cm. high, of compact bushy habit, a very
beautiful species, flower-bracts silvery white flushed with pink (just coming into
flower), 2150 m., July 11, 1946, 16790. Endemic to Nyasaland.
Helichrysum patulifolium Bak. Kew Bull. 1898: 150. 1898; Moeser, Bot. Jahrb.
44: 330. 1910.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common on grassy edges of forest, shrub
60=80 cm. high, flowers yellow, 2300 m., Aug. 11, 1946, 17176; ibid., local in
grasslands, shrub 30-40 cm. high, flowers yellow, lower bracts reddish, upper
yellow, 2400 m., Aug. 18, 1946, 17314; ibid., Nchena-chena Spur, plentiful in
open grassland, shrub 50=70 cm. high, flowers yellow, bracts yellow, sometimes
tinged with red, 2000 m., Aug. 20, 1946, 17347, Nyasaland, Tanganyika Terri-
tory, and the Belgian Congo.
Helichrysum (§ Polylepidea) milne-redheadii Brenan, sp. nov.
H. patulifolio Baker perspicue affinis, capitulis multo majoribus plerumque
valde laxe subcorymbosis vel singulatim dispositis, foliolis involucri interioribus
longioribus differt.
Herba perennis, erecta, usque ad 1 m. alta; caules e caudice incrassato ut
videtur singulatim vel bini exorientes, l1#3 mm. diametro, primo araneosi necnon
pilis nonnullis patentibus glandulosis inconspicue instructi, serius glabrescentes
et brunnei, inferne denudati et cicatricibus foliorum delapsorum notati, superne
plus minusve laxe ramosi et dense foliosi; internodia brevissima, circiter 1=2 mm.
longa. Folia rigidula, patentia, saepe varie arcuata, subtus albido-araneosa sed
hoc indumento marginibus revolutis saepe plus minusve occulto, supra pilis nu-
merosis rigidis brevibus glandulosis asperula et primo parce et evanescenter
araneosa, linearia, basi sessilia et saepe dilatato-auriculata, apice acuta, 6-18
mm. longa, medio 1-1.5 mm. lata, suprema parum reducta; costa supra canalicu-
lato-impressa, subtus prominula, nervis aliis vix cernendis. Inflorescentiae laxae,
oligo=(3—G=)cephalae, capitulis aliis solitariis ramos laterales terminantibus
saepe adjunctis. Capitula heterogama; involucrum 1.1-1.4 cm. altum, circiter
1.3=1.5 cm. latum; foliola appressa, circiter 7eserialia, glabra vel parce araneosa,
basi unguiculata; lamina foliolorum interiorum omnino lutea vel nonnunquam luteo=-
rubella, ovato-lanceolata, acuta, subintegra, 7-8 mm. longa, 2=2.5 mm. lata, sed
intimorum reducta et circiter 1 mm. lata; ea medianorum et exteriorum stramineo-
rubella vel nonnunquam fere straminea, ad apicem acuta, ad marginem plus
minusve eroso-denticulata; extimorum ovato-triangularia, circiter 2.5.mm. longa,
interiorum sensim majora. Flores extimi ¢ uniseriati, 2.8 mm. longi, anguste
tubulosi, sursum paulum ampliati et ad apicem minute 5-lobati; J numerosissimi,
3.5 mm. longi, tubulosi, ad apicem minute 5-lobati; antherae 2 mm. longae. Ovar-
tum glabrum, pappi setis circiter 2 mm. longis coronatum. Achaenia nondum
matura.
NYASALAND: North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, Nchena-chena Spur, in Brachy-
stegia woodlands, 80 cm. high, flowers and bracts yellow, 1400 m., Aug. 20, 1946, 17360.
NORTHERN RHODESIA: Kalwala, local and very scattered amongst grasses in Isober-
linia paniculata, Brachystegia spiciformis, B. longifolia, Uapaca kirkiana, Faurea, Protea
woodland on a reddish-brown sandy loam, a perennial herb up to 60 cm. high with red outer
bracts to golden-yellow capitula, 1770 m., Aug. 1, 1938, Greenway & Trapnell 5549 (Herb.
Kew.). Mwinilunga District: R. Kakema S. ot Mwinilunga, on grassy bank above river,
perennial 60-90 cm. high, outer bracts reddish, inner golden, 24 Aug. 1930, Milne-Redhead
964 (TYPUS in Herb. Kew.).
The marked differences in size and arrangement of the capitula enable this
species to.be very easily separated from its nearest relative, H. patulifolium Bak.
470 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
In addition there is’ perhaps an ecological difference between the two: while H.
milnesredheadii is normally a plant of the miombo or Cryptosepalum pseudotaxus
zones, H. patulifolium appears to be a plant of montane grasslands at normally
higher altitudes, usually above 2000 m. From H. kirkii Oliv. & Hiern, another
though not so close relative, H. milne-redheadii differs in the denser, shorter,
spreading or recurved linear leaves + densely asperulous above, and in the red-
dish-yellow or brownishsyellow outer phyllaries—a colour which in H. kirkii is
found only in the var. /uteo-rubellum (Bak.) Moeser. Although Moeser (Bot. Jahrb.
44: 331. 1910) describes the leaves of this variety as ‘‘supra nuda, scabra,’”
Baker’s type has the leaves rather cottony above but otherwise smooth, and is
obviously H, kirkit, The mention of scabridity is possibly due to confusion with
forms of H. patulifolium with reddish phyllaries.
Helichrysum ($ Polylepidea) flammeiceps Brenan, sp. nov.
H, patulifolio Baker ut videtur cognata, capitulis majoribus insigniter turbina-
tis valde distincta.
Herba perennis 30-50 cm. alta, valde ramosa; caules complures e caudice
lignoso incrassato exorientes, erecti, l=2.5 mm. diametro, araneosi necnon pilis
nonnullis patentibus glandulosis inconspicue instructi, serius brunnei, dense
foliosi, foliis marcidis ut videtur persistentibus; internodia brevissima, usque ad
3 mm. longa. Folia rigidula, patentia, sursum curvata, subtus albidoearaneosa
sed hoc indumento marginibus revolutis plus minusve occulto, supra praesertim
in parte revoluta pilis haud numerosis brevibus rigidis glandulosis asperula nec-
non primo parce araneosa mox glabrescentia et siccitate griseo-viridia, linearia,
basi sessilia et praesertim in foliis inferioribus dilatato-auriculata, ad apicem
acuta et brunnea, 5=13 mm. longa, medio 0.81 mm. lata, suprema parum reducta,
inferiora nonnunquam basim versus 45 mm. lata; costa supra canaliculato-
impressa, subtus prominula, nervis aliis vix cernendis. Inflorescentiae laxe co-
rymbosae. Capitula satis numerosa, pedunculos foliosos usque ad 6 cm. longos
terminantia, heterogama; involucrum 1-2 cm. altum, l=1.5 ¢m. latum, insigniter
turbinatum; foliola glabra, scariosa, haud squarrosa, circiter 13=serialia, extima
et infima 1.5 mm. longa, 0.7 mm. lata, pallide brunnea vel brunneoerubella, ut
videtur stipitem involucri efformantia; mediana sensim majora, rubella, superiora
ad basim laminae pallide rubello-tincta excepta lutea, ovato-lanceolata, usque
ad 9 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata, intima minora; omnia apice acuto et margine minute
eroso-denticulata; capitula nonnunquam magis rubescentia vel omnino lutea.
Flores lutei, extimi ¢ uniseriati, 3.5 mm. longi, anguste tubulosi, ad apicem
minute 5-lobati; f numerosissimi, 4 mm. longi, tubulosi, ad apicem minute 5-lobati;
antherae 2 mm. longae. Ovarium glabrum, pappi setis 4 mm. longis coronatum.
Achaehia nondum matura.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common in open grasslands, often gre-
garious, perennial herb 30-50 cm. high, dense, bushy, stems erect from a large
woody stock, florets yellow, lower bracts red, upper yellow, 2340 m., Aug. 14,
1946, 17218 (TYPUS); ibid., Van der Post sin. (Herb. Kew.); ibid., Kasaramba, in
the grasslands of the wetter side of the Nyika, tufts scattered evenly in grass-
land, colour variation at random, yellow through to bronze-red, with intermediates,
June 28, 1952, G. Jackson 875 (Herb. Kew.).
A gaudily coloured and unusually attractive new species.. The involucres of
the type, purplish-red below and slowly shading into buttereyellow above, the im-
agination may liken to little gusts of flame bursting forth from the ends of the
shoots. The shape of the involucre is most odd and distinctive: it tapers to its
base, but there the phyllaries, instead of ending abruptly, continue downwards
so as to form a stalkelike extension of the capitulum up to 0.5 cm. long. Here
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 471
the phyllaries shade away from purplish-sred above to a pale anaemic brown at the
base itself, where they are succeeded by the uppermost foliage-leaves.
The following additional specimen, in Herb. Kew., is apparently H. flam-
meiceps in a more advanced state, with the phyllaries laxer and more squarrose:
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, very common in grasslands, flowering
tufts about 30 cm. in diameter and up to 50 cm. high, heads golden-yellow to
reddish-yellow, Aug. 14, 1949, P. O. Wiehe N/209.
Helichrysum kirkii Oliv. & Hiern ex Oliv. Trans. Linn. Soc. 29: 95. pl. 61. 1873;
Moeser, Bot. Jahrb. 44: 331. 1910.
Helichrysum milanjiense Britten, Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 4: 19. 1894; Moeser, Bot.
Jahrb. 44: 342. 1910.
Blantyre District: Near Blantyre, in Brachystegia woodlands, herb, flowers
yellow, 1000 m., May 24, 1946, Vernay 16024,.* Zomba District: Zomba, occa-
sional in woodlands, herb 70-90 cm. high, flowers yellow, 1150 m., May 26, 1946,
16039. Zomba Plateau, frequent in woodlands, perennial herb 80-100 cm. high,
leaves grey beneath, flowers yellow, 1430 m., May 30, 1946, 16097, Mlanje Dis-
trict: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, locally common in open grasslands,
herb 40-50 cm. high, leaves grey, plant compact, showy, base woody, flowers
greenish-yellow, 2150 m., June 27, 1946, 16467; ibid., plentiful in grasslands
from 2000-2250 m., herb 30-50 cm. high, bracts greenish-yellow, erect, 2150 m.,
July 3, 1946, 16624, Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, frequent in Brachy-
stegia woodland, shrub 60-100 cm. high, stems several, erect from a stout stock,
leaves grey, bracts yellow, discs brown, 1400 m., July 26, 1946, 16900. Mpofu,
Bua River, in Brachystegia woodland, herb 30-40 cm. high, flowers yellow, 970
m., Aug. 1, 1946, Vernay 17095. North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common
in open grasslands, shrub 30-40 cm. high, bushy, with many stems erect from an
enlarged stock, florets yellow, bracts greenish-yellow, 2350 m., Aug. 16, 1946,
17249; ibid., Nchena-chena Spur, in Brachystegia woodlands, about 1 m. high,
flowers dry, bracts yellow, 1500 m., Aug. 20, 1946, 17357; ibid., frequent in
grasslands, about 1 m. high, flowers and bracts yellow, 1650 m., Aug. 20, 1946,
17367, Kasungu District: Kasungu, sporadic in Brachystegia woodland, perennial
herb 60-80 cm. high, flowers yellow, 1000 m., Aug. 26, 1946, 17427. Kenya, Tan-
ganyika Territory, Belgian Congo, and Nyasaland.
H, kirkii is decidedly variable in breadth and density of leaves, number of
heads per stem, size of capitula and number of phyllaries. I cannot see any satis-
factory reason for keeping H. milanjiense Britten separate.
Brass 16039 approaches the var. luteo-rubellum (Bak.) Moeser in having a
pale dull reddish tinge on the upper part of the phyllaries, but it is hardly ex-
treme enough to pass as the variety itself.
Helichrysum buchanani Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. (Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss.
Berl. 1891:) 429. 1892; Moeser, Bot. Jahrb. 44: 331. 1910.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, common in open grasslands, perennial herb
50-80 cm. high, grey, stems several to many, erect from a woody stock, flowers
yellow, 1800 m., May 31, 1946, 16141. Nyasaland and S. Rhodesia; also in Tan-
ganyika Territory according to Moeser.
Helichrysum buchanani Engl. var. majus Brenan, var. nov.
A typo capitulis valde numerosis saepe majoribus (1=)1.3-1.5 cm. longis
agegregato-corymbosis differt.
Mlanje District: Tuchila Plateau, 1830 m., Aug. 1901, J. M. Purves 86 (Herb.
Kew.). Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, among grass and rocks, the most
common species, 2130 m., Sept. 23, 1929, J. Burtt Davy 1987 (Herb. Kew.); ibid.,
472 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
abundant in open grasslands, herb 30-50 cm. high, leaves grey, flowers yellow,
a very showy species, 1890 m., July 6, 1946, 16701. North Nyasa District: Nyika
Plateau, in open grasslands and on edges of bogs, uncommon, perennial herb 30-
50 cm. high, bushy, much branched, leaves grey, flowers yellow, bracts pale
greenish-yellow, 2340 m., Aug. 14, 1946, 17216 (TYPUS varietatis).
Helichrysum nitens Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 350. 1877; Moeser,
Bot. Jahrb. 44: 332. 1910.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, common and conspicuous in open grasslands,
perennial herb 60-120 cm. high, fleshy, grey, scapes reddish under the grey in-
dumentum, flowers yellow, 1800 m., May 31, 1946, 16110. Mlanje District: Mlanje
Mountain, southwest ridge, plentiful on open grass slopes, perennial herb 40-40
cm. high, silvery-grey, solitary flowering stem erect from a clump of several leafy
rosettes, flowers yellow, showy,common down to 1870 m., but not flowering there,
2200 m., June 28, 1946, 16512. Tanganyika Territory and the Belgian Congo to
Portuguese East Africa and Angola.
Helichrysum sulphureo-fuscum Bak. Kew Bull. 1898: 151. 1898; O. Hoffm. Bot.
Jahrb. 30: 428. 1901; Moeser, Bot. Jahrb. 44: 332. 1910.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, plentiful on disturbed ground in open
grassland, herb about 30 cm. high, flowering stems numerous, radiating and as-
cending, flowers yellow, bracts tipped with green, 2300 m., Aug. 14, 1946, 17224,
Tanganyika Territory, Nyasaland, and S. Rhodesia.
In the past this species has been much confused with the two following, under
which the characters which distinguish them from H. sulphureo-fuscum are given.
In view of this muddle, it seems worth while enumerating here those sheets of
genuine H. sul phureo-fuscum that I have seen (in addition to Mr. Brass” specimen
above).
TANGANYIKA TERRITORY: Southern Highlands Province, Mbeya District: Mbeya
Mountain, in mountain grassland, herbaceous, 2290 m., June 1933, R. M. Davies M1 (Herb.
Kew.). Mbozi, 1520 m., June 1935, Miss H. Horsbrugh-Porter s.n. (Herb. Mus. Brit.).
Njombe District: Kinga Mountains, Djilulu Mountain, in damp grass-moorland, native name
usumba, 2400 m., May 18, 1899, Goetze 921 (Herb. Kew.).
NY ASALAND: North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, 1830-2130 m., July 1896, Whyte
132 (typus in Herb. Kew.).
SOU THERN RHODESIA: Umtali District: Mount Nuza, a subdecumbent weed on cleared
tree-pits, plant 20-60 cm. high, 1980 m., June 20, 1934, H. B. Gilliland B 431 (Herb. Mus.
Brit.).
Helichrysum ($ Polylepidea) brassii Brenan, sp. nov.
H. sulphureo-fusco Bak. affinis, foliis latioribus oblanceolatis apicem versus
brevius attenuatis supra glandulosis, nervis lateralibus foliorum paucioribus et
non paradllelis, capitulis paulo minoribus differt.
Herba 3045 cm. alta, e basi valde ramosa ramis adscendentibus vel rarissime
(var y) simplex et erecta; rami usque ad capitula foliosa, graciles, basim versus
saepius dense albidoraraneosi, superne plus minusve araneosi vel denudati et
tum saepe purpurei necnon tantum pilis atropurpureis brevibus patentibus plerumque
glandulosis satis dense instructi; internodia 0.5*2 cm. longa. Folia chartacea,
patentia usque suberecta, subtus densissime albido-araneosa, supra viridia tan-
tum saepe purpurei necnon tantum pilis atropurpureis brevibus patentibus plerumque
ginantia apice acuta, inferiora oblanceolata 1.5=5 cm. longa .0.3<0.8 cm. lata,
superiora sensim reducta et lanceolata; costa supra leviter impressa subtus satis
prominens, nervi laterales primarii 1-2~jugi prope folii basim orti quorum unus
haud procul a margine ad folii apicem percurrens, nervi laterales secundarii inter
costam et primarii superne tantum conspicui, omnes supra prominuli et valde ad-
scendentes sed haud inter se paralleli. Capitula terminalia, solitaria vel 1=5 ag-
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 473.
gregata, heterogama; involucrum 0.81.2 cm. altum, circiter 0.8=1.3 cm. latum;
foliola circiter 7-serialia, glabra, scariosa, interiora omnino lutea circiter 5=6
mm. longa (sed intima reducta et circiter 1 mm. longa), mediana et exteriora bi-
coloria apicem acutum et squarrosum versus viridienigra aliter luteo-straminea,
extima ovato-triangularia circiter 2 mm. longa, superne sensim longiora et lanceo-
lata, ad 7-8 mm. longa et 2=2.5 mm. lata. Flores extimi tantum 9, circiter 1.75
mm. longi, apice minute 4=5=lobati; $ numerosissimi, 2.5 mm. longi, tubulosi,
apice minute 5=lobati; antherae 1.3 mm. longae. Ovarium glabrum, pappi setis
circiter 2 mm. longis coronatum. Achaenia breviter oblongo-ellipsoidea, olivacea,
0.5 mm. longa, 0.3 mm. lata.
Helichrysum brassii Brenan var. brassil.
Planta verisimiliter perennis, inferne valde ramosa; capitula solitaria vel
pedunculos 5-10 cm. longos vel ultra terminantia.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, 2130 m., 1896,]. McClounie 43 (Herb. Kew.).
Tuchila Plateau, plant 30 cm. high, 1830 m., Aug. 1901, J. M. Purves 71 (Herb.
Kew.). Mlanje Mountain, southwest ridge, under shelter of rocks on open summit,
herb 30-40 cm. high, flowers yellow, bracts black-tipped, 2400 m., June 28, 1946,
16500; ibid., Chambe Plateau, common on shallow rocky soil in grasslands, herb
20=30 cm. high, viscid, branches reddish, flowers yellow, apex of bracts greenish-
black, 2100 m., July 9, 1946, 16759 (TYPUS varietatis et speciei). Zomba Dis-
trict: Zomba Plateau, 1520 m., Sept. 1895, A. Whyte s.n. (Herb. Kew.).
Helichrysum brassii Brenan var. 8 aggregatum Brenan, var. nov.
Planta verisimiliter perennis, inferne valde ramosa; capitula ad apices caulium
plerumque 2=5 aggregata, pedunculos circiter 0.43 cm. longos terminantia.
PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA: Namuli, Makua country, comm. 1887, J. T, Last s.n.
(typus varietatis in Herb. Kew.).
NY ASALANDs North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, 2380 m., Sept. 1902, J. McClounie
154 (Herb. Kew.).
Helichrysum brassii Brenan var. y tenellum Brenan, var. nov.
Planta annua, caule simplici apice in inflorescentiam tricephalam terminante;
pedunculi 0.81 cm. longi; foliola involucri quam in varietatibus aliis apice multo
dilutius atro-tincti.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common locally in open grasslands, an-
nual herb 20-35 cm. high, slightly viscid, stems reddish, leaves grey beneath,
flowers yellow, bracts bronze-green, 2340 m., Aug. 12, 1946, 17186 (TYPUS varie-
tatis).
H. brassii Brenan is obviously a close relative of H. sulphureo-fuscum Baker
and has been confused with it in the herbarium. Although the two are very much
alike so far as the capitula are concerned, yet the differences in the shape, in-
dumentum, and venation of the leaves are so striking and apparently constant that
H, brassii must, in my opinion, be treated as a distant species. In true H. sul-
phureo-fuscum the leaves, even the basal ones, are linear and grasslike, glabrous
and not glandular on the upper surface,and with very close parallel lateral nerves
and veins running the length of the leaf. In H. brassii the oblanceolate shape
particularly of the lower leaves, the short close glandular indumentum on the up-
per side, and the non-parallel venation showing up clearly above are easily ob-
served on the specimens, and I have found that the separation of H. brassii from
H, sulphureo-fuscum really presents no difficulty in practice.
Helichrysum (§ Polylepidea) dichroélepis Brenan, SP. nov.
-H, brassiti Brenan affinis, foliis supra satis dense et persistenter albido=
araneosis ‘necnon glandulos carentibus distincta; a H. sulphureo-fusco Bak. no-
474 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Wol. 8, No. 5
tulis iisdem foliorum indumento excepto quae supra sub H. brassti scriptae sunt
differt.
Herba perennis, eglandulosa, caules numerosos decumbentes usque ad circiter
35 cm. longos et 20 cm. altos emittens; caules superne plus minusve ramosi,
usque ad capitula foliosi, graciles, 1-2 mm. diametro, ubique nisi ima basi densis-
sime ac persistenter albido-floccoso-araneosi; internodia 0.51.5 cm. longa.
Folia chartacea, patentia vel capitula versus suberecta, subtus more caulium
vestita, supra laxius sed satis dense araneosa et eglandulosa, basi sessilia et
vaginantia apice acuta et mucronata, inferiora oblongo-oblanceolata 1.5=3.2 cm.
longa 0.3-0.6 cm. lata, superiora sensim reducta et lanceolata, suprema circiter
5 mm. longa 1.5 mm. lata; costa supra leviter impressa subtus satis prominens,
venatione ei H. brassii, q.v. supra, similis. Inflorescentiae laxae, 1- usque cir-
citer 10—cephalae. Capitula pedunculos foliosos circiter 2.510 cm. longos ter-
minantia, heterogama; involucrum circiter 1 cm. altum, 1-1.5 cm. latum; foliola
circiter 7-serialia, glabra, scariosa, interiora omnino lutea circiter 7-8 mm. longa
1.5+2 mm. lata (sed intima reducta et circiter 1 mm. longa), mediana et exteriora
bicoloria apicem acutum et squarrosum versus viridi-nigra aliter luteo-straminea,
extima ovato-triangularia circiter 2 mm. longa, superne sensim longiora et lanceo-
lata usque ad 10 mm. longa et 2.5 mm. lata. Flores extimi tantum 9, 2 mm. longi,
anguste tubulosi, sursum paulum ampliati, apice minute 4©5elobati; J numerosis-
simi, 2.5 mm. longi, apice minute S=lobati; antherae 1.2 mm. longae. Ovarium
glabrum, pappi setis circiter 1.9 mm. longis coronatum. Achaenia nondum matura.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, 1891, A. Whyte s.n., p.p. (Herb. Kew.), A.
Whyte 134, p.p. (Herb. Mus. Brit.); ibid., 2130-2440 m., Mar. 1897, G. Adamson
339 (Herb. Kew., Herb. Mus. Brit.); ibid., Luchenya Plateau, common on shallow
soil in open grasslands, perennial herb 15=20 cm. high, freely branched, the many
ascending branches forming compact showy masses, flowers yellow, 1890 m.,
July 2, 1946, 16622; ibid., plentiful on shallow soils in open rocky grasslands,
herb about 20 cm. high, of loose spreading habit, flowers yellow, tips of outer
bracts blackish-green, 2240 m., July 3, 1946, 16634 (TYPUS).
H, dichroélepis is in the circle of affinity of H. sulphureo-fuscum Bak., and
is most closely related to H. brassiti Brenan. The leaves resemble in shape and
venation those of the lastenamed species, but are rather densely white-cottony
above and lack its short but conspicuous glandular indumentum. From H. sul-
phureo-fuscum itself the shape, venation, and cottony indumentum on the upper
surface of the leaves will readily distinguish it. The three species are scarcely
separable by their capitula alone and seem to form a natural group. H. sulphureo-
fuscum extends from Tanganyika to Southern Rhodesia, and thus has the widest
distribution; H. brassii is confined to Nyasaland and Portuguese East Africa;
while H. dichrodlepis is apparently narrowly endemic to Mlanje Mountain.
Brass 16622 has the darkening of the phyllaries less pronounced than usual.
Helichrysum setosum Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. 3: 231. 1865; Moeser, Bot.
Jahrb. 44: 337. 1910.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, occasional in open grassland, herb 1 m. high
or more, plant erect and bushy, aromatic, leaves very pale green, flowers yellow,
showy, 1800 m., May 31, 1946, 16120. Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, oc-
casional among grasses edging rain-forest, herb 60-80 cm. high, annual, more or
less viscid, flowers yellowish-green, 1550 m., July 30, 1946, 17043. East Africa
from Abyssinia to South Africa.
Stoebe kilimandscharica O. Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 411 (1895)
var. densiflora O. Hoffm. Bot. Jahrb. 30: 430. 1901.
Stoebe kilimandscharica sensu Levyns, Jour. S. Afr. Bot. 3: 15, 1937, pro parte; non
O. Hoffm. sensu stricto.
19541 PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 475
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, occasional in montane forest secondary
growths and in grassland shrubberies, shrub 1 m. high, leaves greyish-green,
flowers purple, 2400 m., Aug. 18, 1946, 17319. New to Nyasaland; the var. ex-
tending northward to Kenya and Uganda.
Levyns in her revision of Stoebe (1.c.) does not mention the var. densiflora,
and recognises no varieties of S. kilimandscharica. To me, however, var. densi-
flora appears worth distinction. Plants from Kilimanjaro and other peaks in north-
eastern Tanganyika have short incurved and rather appressed foliage on the ma-
ture shoots, and these represent typical S. kilimandscharica. From elsewhere—
southern Tanganyika, Kenya, Uganda and now Nyasaland—the foliage is longer,
mostly spreading and not incurved. I have not seen the type of var. densiflora
(Goetze 1198 from the Kinga Mountains in southwestern Tanganyika), but the de-
scription does not leave room for doubt, and there ate in the Kew Herbarium gath-
erings from southwestern Tanganyika, where typical S. kilimandscharica does
not seem to occur. From the description, S. elgonensis Mattf. Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 8: 236 (1922) is a synonym of var. densiflora.
Athrixia rosmarinifolia (Schultz-Bip. ex Walp.) Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop.
Afr. 3: 355. 1877.
Klenzea rosmarinifolia Schultz-Bip. ex Walp. Repert. 2: 973. 1843.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, occasional in grass-
lands, shrub 60-80 cm. high, flowererays white, tipped with purple, disc yellow,
2150 m., July 3, 1946, 16642; ibid., common locally in grasslands, shrub 50=60
cm. high, just coming into flower, flowererays pinkish-purple, disc yellow, 2200
m., July 11, 1946, 16785; ibid., common locally in grasslands, 60-80 cm. high,
flowers rose-purple, 2000 m., July 18, 1946, 16871. North Nyasa District: Nyika
Plateau, Nchena-chena Spur, rare, in open grassland, shrub 60 cm. high, flower
heads about 1 cm. in diameter, purple, 1700 m., Aug. 20, 1946, 17359. Anglo-
Egyptian Sudan and Abyssinia to S. Rhodesia.
Athrixia subsimplex Brenan, sp. nov.
A. myassanae §. Moore valde affinis, caulibus procerioribus et validioribus,
involucri foliolis multo brevioribus et minus caudatis, flosculis purpureis
distincta.
Herba stolonifera; caules singuli vel subcaespitosim orti, praeter inflores-
centias simplices vel subsimplices, crebre foliosi, erecti, 30-40 cm. alti, 11.5
mm. diametro, leviter angulati, brunneo-purpurei, appresse-araneosi, demum gla-
brescentes; internodia 1-4 mm. longa. Folia rigida, suberecta usque patentia
vel inferne subreflexa, linearia, marginibus valde revoluta, 1.6=2.7 cm. longa,
1-2 mm. lata (foliis supremis minoribus), supra glabra nitida, subtus dense albido-
araneoso-tomentosa, costa supra canaliculatosimpressa subtus satis prominenti
vel indumento occulta. Capitula apicem caulis versus satis dense aggregata,
racemosim disposita, inflorescentiam circiter 3-5 cm. longam 2=3 cm. latam ef-
ficientia, turbinata, deorsum attenuata, circiter 0.8=1 cm. longa et lata; involucri
foliola multiseriata, leviter araneosa, lineari-lanceolata, acuta, parte inferiore
straminea, superiore brunnea vel brunneo-purpurea et ibi squarrosa, extima cir-
citer 2 mm. longa, interiora sensim longiora ad omnino 7 mm. longa et 0.8 mm.
lata, quorum pars superior brunnea 2-3 mm. longa est. Flosculi purpurei, ei radii
20, tubo 4 mm. longa, ligula 6 mm. longa, 2.1 mm. lata; ei disci 5-5.5 mm. longi,
apicem versus sensim ampliati. Ovarium basi plumulosum, apicem versus setulis
paucis instructum, apice ipso pappo biseriato coronatum; setae pappi exteriores
brevissimae 0.3 mm. longae, interiores 4.5-5 mm. longae. Achaenia nondum
matura.
476 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, locally common in grasslands, shrub
30-40 cm. high, stoloniferous, mostly not yet-in flower, flowers purple, 2400 m.,
Aug. 18, 1946, 17311 (TYPUS); ibid., Van der Post s.n. (Herb. Kew.)
A. subsimplex Brenan is very close to A. nyassana S, Moore, Jour. Linn. Soc.
‘Bot. 35: 339 (1902), and appears to be similar in habit, but differs most conspic-
uously in the much shorter phyllaries. In A. nyassana the apical brown part of
the phyllaries is about 4-6 mm. long and spirally squarrose, while here it is only
about 2-3 mm. long, giving the involucre a more compact appearance. The florets
of A. nyassana are white, in A. subsimplex purple.
Inula mannii (Hook. f.) Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 358. 1877.
Vernonia ? mannii Hook. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 7: 198. 1864.
Laggera heteromalla Vatke, Linnaea 39: 487. 1875.
Vernonia myriotricha Bak. Kew Bull. 1898: 148. 1898.
Petrollinia heteromalla (Vatke) Chiov. Ann. di Bot. 9: 71. 1911.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, two specimens on grassy edge of mon-
tane forest, perennial herb 90-120 cm. high, flowers purplish-brown, inconspicu-
ous, 2340 m., Aug. 19, 1946, 17335. Abyssinia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika Ter-
ritory, and Nyasaland; also in the British Cameroons; restricted to mountainous
regions. :
Oliver and Hiern (l.c.) made Laggera heteromalla Vatke a synonym of Inula
mannit, Chiovenda (l.c.) separated the two again, and made Laggera heteromalla
the type of a new genus, Petrollinia, which he placed next to Pechuel-Loeschea.
He went on to say that Inula mannii, of which he implied that he hadn’t seen the
type, differs from Petrollinia (translated) ‘‘at least by the larger capitula with
more numerous florets, and by the pappus with more setae in 12 series.’’
After dissection of the type of I. mannii (Cameroon Mountain, G. Mann) and of
the type-number of Laggera heteromalla (Abyssinia, Schimper 1528), I can only
say that the supposed differences between the two are figments of the imagina-
tion. The capitula do show a certain amount of variation in size, but this, not
surprisingly, is dependent on their age. Most of the capitula on Mann’s speci-
mens are rather young, but the mature ones are similar in size to those of Schimp-
er’s Abyssinian plants. On counting the number of florets per capitulum, I found
36 in both. The number of pappus-setae ranges from 29=36, and this is again the
same for both. Their insertion is also identical. Hooker’s original description
of the setae of |. mannii as biseriate seems to me misleading; they are closely
uniseriate but inserted along a lobulate line round the top of the ovary, so that
the circle is an irregular one, not unreasonably described as one= to twoeseriate.
The combination Inula mannii is usually said to have been made by Bentham
and Hooker in the Genera Plantarum, but although implying that Vernonia mannii
should be shifted to Inula, they do not, in fact, make the necessary combination.
The first publication of Inula mannii seems to be in the Flora of Tropical Africa,
and I have therefore fathered Inula mannii onto Oliver and Hiern.
Inula glomerata Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 359. 1877.
Blantyre District: Blantyre, in Brachystegia woodland, perennial herb up to
1.5 m. high, indumentum pale brown, flowers yellow, 1100 m., June 17, 1946,
16348.* Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, common in gullies in Brachystegia
woodland, 1-1.5 m. high, stem one, simple, erect from a thick woody stock, flow-
ers yellow, 1400 m., July 27, 1946, 16986. Tanganyika Territory to S. Rhodesia,
Angola, and the Transvaal.
Inula shirensis Oliv. Hook. Ic. Pl. pl. 1399. 1882.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, sporadic in Brachystegia woodland, per-
ennial herb 30-70 cm. high, flowers yellow, conspicuous, 1400 m., July 28, 1946,
17010, Portuguese East Africa, Nyasaland, and N. Rhodesia.
o-
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 477
Anisopappus africanus (Hook. f.) Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 369.
1877.
Telekia africana Hook. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 7: 201. 1864.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, one plant in open grass-
lands, herb, flowers yellow, 1870 m., June 27, 1946, 16456.* Kota-kota District:
Nchisi Mountain, common in moist gullies in Brachystegia woodland, perennial
herb 80-120 cm. high, rays of flower yellow, disc brownish-yellow, 1400 m., July
25, 1946, 16944. Distribution doubtful until the segregates have been worked
out; originally described from the Cameroon Mountain.
Anisopappus iodotrichus Brenan, sp. nov.
A, africano (Hook. f.) Oliv. et Hiern peraffinis, pedunculis caulibus petiolisque
pilis numerosis in statu sicco plus minusve violaceo-tinctis vestitis, squamis
receptaculi apice in subulam rigidam laevem acutam brevem sed conspicuam ex-
euntibus, squamis pappi brevissimis subaequalibus differt.
Herba ut videtur erecta, usque ad 1 m. alta; caules ut videtur singuli, inferne
simplices denudati usque ad 6 mm. diametro, superne crebre ramosi, subteretes,
leviter striati, ut pedunculi pilis flexuosis multicellularibus in sicco plus minusve
violaceo-tinctis dense pubescentes. Folia rigide papyracea, ovato-cordata usque
deltoideo-hastata, inferiora circiter 3-4 cm. longa 2=3.8 cm. lata, superne sensim
minora, supremis valde reductis, apice obtusa, basi cordata vel hastata, opaca,
utrinque sed praesertim subtus pubescentia, rete venarum supra nonnunquam im-
pressa, subtus satis prominente, margine grosse crenata vel in foliis majoribus
duplicatoscrenata, crenis 1.5=-6 mm. altis; petiolus foliorum inferiorum 0.7=1.8
cm. longus, more caulium vestitus, superiorum 2-7 mm. longus. Capitula pedunce-
ulis 0.5<6 cm. longis more caulium sed densius vestitis sine foliis vel folia
unica minima bracteiformi praeditis suffulta, circiter 2-3 cm. diametro, lutea, in
corymbum apicalem laxum circiter 4-20=cephalum 10-15 cm. latum aggregata;
foliola involucri pauciseriata, oblongo-spathulata, 5=7 mm. longa, 1.5<3 mm. lata,
intimis et extimis aliquantulum minoribus, obtusa, pubescentia, in sicco ut videtur
plus minusve purpurascentia, margine praesertim eorum interiorum minute fim-
briata; discus l-1.5 cm. diametro; squamae receptaculi lanceolatae, 2.5=3 mm.
longae, involutae, subintegrae, denticulis paucis supra medium positis, apice
costa in subulam rigidam integram circiter 0.5-1 mm. longam excurrente. Flores
ligulati: tubus circiter 1.25 mm. longus, extra minute glandulosus; ligula circiter
9-11 mm. longa, 2.5-3 mm, lata; ovarium 1.1 mm. longum, pappo 0.3 mm. longo
coronatum. Flores hermaphroditi 2 mm. longi, tubo extra minute glanduloso;
antherae 1 mm. longae, basi breviter caudatae; rami styli circiter 1 mm. longi,
apicem rotundato-obtusum versus dilatati; ovarium circiter 1 mm. longum, glabrum,
squamis pappi minutis circiter 0.15+0.3 mm. longis subaequalibus coronatum.
Achaenia glabra, circiter 1.5=1.7 mm. longa, costis circiter 9 tenuibus longitu-
dinalibus notata, leviter curvata, subcylindrica.
TANGANYIKA TERRITORY: Southem Highlands Province, Rungwe District: Kyimbila,
in mountain grassland, flowers golden-yellow, 1350 m., Aug. 23, 1910, Stolz 235 (TYPUS
in Herb. Kew.). Poroto Mountains, in Pteridium-Protea-Myrica herbaceous grassland com=
munities, frequent to fairly frequent, herb 60-75 cm. high, slightly rugose leaves, rays
deep yellow, disc orange, 2010-2380 m., March 3, 1932, G. W. St. Clair Thompson 713
(Herb. Kew.). Njombe District: Lupembe area, N. of the upper Ruhudje, May 1931, H. J.
Schlieben 902 (Herb. Kew.). Msima Stock Farm, in vlei soils, annual up to 1 m. high, yel-
low flowers, H. E. Emson 274 (Herb. Kew.)
NY ASALAND: North Nyasa District: Nyika Mountains, 1220-1830 m., 1896, A. Whyte
s.n. (Herb. Kew.). Nyika Plateau, on grassy borders of forest, herb about 1 m. high, red-
hairy, flowers yellow, 2300 m., Aug. 13, 1946, 17196.
478 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
Anisopappus africanus has provided a convenient dustbin for doubtful speci-
mens in this genus, including the present new species. While certainly a very
close relative of A. africanus, A. iodotrichus is readily separable by the presence
of violet-coloured hairs on the peduncles, stems and petioles; though varying in
density, they seem always to be numerous, and retain their violet colour in a way
most gratifying and convenient to the herbarium botanist. Besides these useful
hairs, there is the pappus: in A. africanus it is comparatively well developed,
of scales about 0.5=1 mm. long, varying in length on the same achene, while in
A, todotrichus it is very short, of scales of approximately equal length (about
0.15+0.3 mm.).- A third contrasting character is to be seen in the scales of the
receptacle. In A. africanus these are acute but the midrib is prolonged into only
a short point, the shortly erose-denticulate margins of the scale being continued
almost to the apex. The midrib of the scales of A. iodotrichus is prolonged into
a pungent point about 0.5<1 mm. long, smooth and subulate, the margin ceasing
well below the apex. When the heads are young the ends of the receptacle-scales
project beyond the flowers, giving a bristly pincushion effect to the disc, which I
have not seen in A. africanus. I should add that many specimens from East Africa
labelled A. africanus which may be thought to obscure the differences given here
are not in my opinion either A. iodotrichus or A. africanus,
In the Kew Herbarium there is a second (poor) sheet of A. iodotrichus bearing
the number Stolz 235;the date, however, on the label is Sept. 2, 1910. This sheet
has the following economic note (translated): **the leaves are powdered, put in
hot water, and then placed on wounds,”
Anisopappus flexuosus (Hutch.) Brenan, comb. nov.
Sphacophyllum flexuosum Hutch. Kew Bull. 1906: 249, 1906.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common in secondary
forest, shrub 3-4 m. high, tall, sparingly branched, leaves viscid, flowers yellow,
just beginning to open, 1880 m., July 8, 1946, 16738; ibid., frequent in secondary
forest, shrub 2=3 m. high, viscid, flowers yellow, conspicuous, 1890 m., July 10,
1946, 16745; ibid., frequent on edges of primary forest, shrub 2 m. high, flowers
yellow, showy, 1890 m., July 15, 1946, 16842, Endemic to Mlanje District.
For the union of Sphacophyllum and Anisopappus see Humbert, Composées de
Madagascar 240 (1923) and also G. Taylor, Jour. Bot. 71: 165 (1933), opinions
with which I agree.
Anisopappus flexuosus is a very close relative of another Nyasaland endemic,
Anisopappus kirkti (Oliv.) Brenan, comb. nov. (Sphacophyllum kirkii Oliv. Hook.
Ic. Pl. pi. 1451. 1884) which differs in its much more condensed inflorescence
and in the reduction in size of the leaf. Whether these differences are something
more than the effects of exposure remains to be finally settled.
Anisopappus tenerus (S, Moore) Brenan, comb. nov.
Sphacophyllum tenerum S. Moore, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 47: 274, 1925.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, scattered over an exposed rocky summit, an-
nual herb 20 cm. high, flowers yellow, rays none, 1820 m., May 31, 1946, 16130.
Endemic to Nyasaland.
Wedelia sp.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, occasional in rain-forest regrowths, herb 1.5
m. high, flowers yellow, 1200 m., Sept. 19, 1946, 17650,
Fruiting specimens are wanted for precise identification.
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 479
Aspilia vernayi Brenan, sp. nov.
Affinis ut videtur A. brachyphyllae S. Moore, caulibus et pedunculis sparsius
et brevius pubescentibus, capitulis paulum minoribus, paleis receptaculi apice
abrupte obtusis vel subacutis nervo medio atroviolaceo apicem haud attingente,
margine superne eroso-ciliato, achaeniis brunneo-atropurpureis facile distin-
guenda; A. zombensi Bak., cui etiam subsimilis, foliolis involucri latioribus,
paleis uninervatis ad apicem haud attenuato-acutissimis et ibi minus ciliolatis
longe distat.
Herba lignescens, ut videtur erecta, usque ad 1-1.5 m. alta; caules tenues,
1-3.5 mm. diametro, crebre ramosi, breviter et persistenter scabrido-pubescentes,
pilis longioribus usque ad 0.3 mm. longis; internodia (l=) 5-8 (=10) cm. longa.
Folia rigide papyracea, ovata usque oblongo-ovata, (1.3=) 3=5 (=7) cm. longa,
(0.6=) 1.2=3.3 cm. lata, ad apicem sensim acuta, ad basim rotundata, supra pilis
brevibus rigidis ad basim inerassatis appressis ad apicem folii adversis satis
dense aspero-pubescentia, subtus pilis tenuibus mollioribus et longioribus pus
bescentia, nervis basalibus 3 (=5) quorum laterales arcuato-adscendentes in
partem apicalem folii percurrentes et ibi cum nervis lateralibus e nervo medio
emissis arcuato-conjuncti, nervis omnibus supra inconspicuis prominulis usque
impressiusculis, subtus reticulatis et prominentibus, marginibus saepe anguste
revolutis plerumque sparse denticulatis; petiolus brevissimus, 1-3 mm. longus.
Capitula mediocria adapicem ramulorum in corymbos laxos 3«5ecephalos foliaceo-
bracteatos aggregata; pedunculi capitulorum propriorum (0.5©) 2©5 (#8) longi,
more caulium vestiti. Involucrum 5-10 mm. altum, 5=8 mm. latum, triseriatum;
foliola 4 extima oblonga, basi incrassato gibboso et paulum dilatato glabra,
superne herbacea et aspero-pubescentia, subacuta vel acuta, 5-10 mm. longa,
1.5=3 mm. lata; foliola interiora scariosa, elliptica vel late elliptica, 3-G mm.
longa, 1.5=4 mm. lata, haud vel vix gibbosa, superne glabra vel sparse tantum
pubescentia, margine ciliolata; intima quam interiora angustiora, glabra, margine
erosa. Paleae receptaculi scariosae, oblongae, circiter 6.5 mm. longae, 1.5=2
mm. latae, flores amplectentes, ad apicem abrupte subacutae vel obtusae, nervo
unico conspicuo nigro-violaceo infra apicem desinente percursae, ad marginem
minute eroso-ciliolatae aliter fere glabrae. Flores radii circiter 6-9, ligulati,
lutei, extra puberuli, asexuales, sine stylis; ligulae 11 mm. longae, 4 mm. latae,
apice bilobatae, lobis circiter 4 mm. altis; flores disci circiter 11=28, lutei, 5
mm. longi, tubo sursum sensim ampliato extra sparse puberulo; antherae 2 mm.
longae, thecis atroviolaceis. Ovarium inferne glabrum, superne breviter pubes-
cens, cupula minima laciniata coronatum. Achaenia brunneasatropurpurea, 4-5
mm. longa, 1.5©2 mm. lata, oblonga sed superne paulum latiora et puberula, ad
apicem cupula minima 0.7 cm. longa omnino exaristata coronata.
“Nyasaland, 1891,’’ J]. Buchanan 629, 669 ex parte (Herb. Kew.). Mount
Chiradzulu, 1895, A. Whyte s.n. (Herb. Kew.). Zomba District: Zomba Plateau,
common in Brachystegia woodlands, woody herb 1=1.5 m. high, much branched,
erect, leaves scabrous, flowers yellow, 1500 m., June 4, 1946, 16215 (TYPUS).
The present plant is certainly an Aspilia, as that genus is defined at present,
but the difference between Aspilia and Wedelia seems a remarkably feeble one,
even among Compositae, and to cut across other and to my mind more satisfac-
tory, though probably not generic, characters.
In Aspilia, A. vernayi seems closest to A. brachyphylla S. Moore, but dis-
tinguished most clearly and satisfactorily by the receptacle-scales, as mentioned
in the diagnosis. In A. brachyphylla the scales are very acute with the nerve
sometimes rather dark, but not nearly so blackish as in A. vernayi, and, most im-
portant, reaching the apex and not ceasing below it; the margins of the scales
480 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
of A. brachyphylla are scarcely erose-ciliolate at the apex, as they are in A.
vernayl.
Melanthera scandens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Brenan, comb. nov.
Buphthalmum scandens Schumach. & Thonn. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 392. 18273non Buphthal-
mum scandens Vell. Fl. Flum. 8: 132. 1830-31?
Lipotriche brownei DC, Prodr. 5: 544, 1836.
Melanthera brownei (DC.) Schultz-Bip. Flora 27: 673, 1844.
Kotarkota District: Benga, west shore of Lake Nyasa, plentiful in moist dee
pressions behind beach, herb 11.5 m. high, flowers yellow, 470 m., Sept. 2,
1946, 17501. Widely distributed in tropical Africa.
The earliest epithet is provided by Buphthalmum scandens Schumach. &
Thonn, and I am grateful to the authorities of the Botanical Museum at Copen-
hagen for sending on loan to me the good and unmistakeable type of this. Vel-
lozo’s B, scandens was published in the eighth volume of the Flora fluminensis,
all of whose volumes bear the same date, 1827, which is also the year of publi-
cation of Schumacher and Thonning’s B, scandens. Prima facie it would seem
unlikely that the eleven weighty volumes of the Flora fluminensis were all got
out in 1827, and that this suspicion is well-founded is confirmed in Rodriguésia
3: 77 et seq. (1937). In a letter dated 14 January 1950 from Fr. Thomaz
Borgmeier, O.F.M., of the Revista de entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, to Dr, Alicia
Lourteig, he writes [translated]: ‘From the documents I have at my disposition,
I see that in November 1829 there arrived at Rio de Janeiro the plates belonging
to the first volume of the Flora fluminensis. Thereupon there was prepared a
prospectus announcing the publication of the work. The rest of the plates ar-
rived between 1830 and July 1831. But it is not possible for me to state the
exact date of each delivery.”
From this it is clear that B. scandens Vell. was not published at least before
1830—31, and that it is a later homonym of B. scandens Schumach, & Thonn.,
which must accordingly be taken up for the African plant.
Spilanthes mauritiana (Rich. ex Pers.) DC. Prodr. 5: 625. 1836; A. H. Moore,
Proc. Am. Acad, 42: 541. 1907. :
Acmella mauritiana Rich. ex Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 472. 1907.
Spilanthes acmella sensu auct. afr.; non S. acmella (L.) Murr.
Kota-kota District: Benga, west shore of Lake Nyasa, occasional on sandy
beaches, prostrate herb, flowers yellow, 470 m., Sept. 2, 1946, 17489. Tropical
and South Africa, Madagascar, and the Mascarenes.
This has been much confused with the Asiatic plant hitherto called S. acmella
(L.) Murr., the right name for which is S. paniculata Wall. ex DC.; see Koster &
Philipstn, Blumea 6: 349=354 (1950).
Guizotia scabra (Vis.) Chiov. Ann. Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 184. 1903 (Pirotta, FI.
Eritrea).
Veslingia scabra Vis. Nuov. Sagg. Acc. Sci. Padova 5: 269, 1840.
Guizotia schultzii Schultz-Bip. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 407. 1848; Oliv. &
Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 385. 1877.
Guizotia nyikensis Bak. Kew Bull. 1898: 153, 1898.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, Nchena-chena Spur, common and con-
spicuous in open grasslands, herb 60-89 cm. high, somewhat viscid, flowers yel-
low, 2000 m., Aug. 20, 1946, 17363, Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, abundant
in marshy hollows in Brachystegia woodland, herb 1 m. high, flowers yellow,
showy, native name (Chinyanja) sosogi, 1200 m., Sept. 26, 1946, 17822. Widely
distributed in tropical Africa.
I cannot distinguish G. nyikensis Bak. from G. scabra.
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 481
Coreopsis pinnatipartita O. Hoffm. Bot. Jahrb. 30: 432, 1901; Sherff, Field Mus.
Publ. Bot. 11: 376, 1936,
Guizotia bidentcides Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 386. 1877; non Coreopsis
bidentoides (Nutt.) T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2: 339. 1842.
Coreopsis whytei S. Moore, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 348. 1902; Sherff, Field Mus.
Publ. Bot. 11: 377. 1936.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, west slopes, in forest regrowths, tree or
shrub 3=4 m. high, flowers yellow, showy, 1830 m., June 20, 1946, 16399; ibid.,
plentiful in brushy second-growth forest, shrub 2=3 m. high, ray and disceflorets
yellow, anthers brown, 1850 m., July 18, 1946, 16864, Kota-kota District: Nchisi
Mountain, on grassy edges of gulley-forests, shrub 1.5 m. high, flowers pale yel-
low, 1400 m., July 25, 1946, 16942, North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, plenti-
ful in second=growth montane forest of escarpment, shrub 2-3 m. high, flowers
yellow, conspicuous, 2200 m., Aug. 17, 1946, 17297. Kenya to Nyasaland.
In this species there appears to be a hairiness cline running north and south;
specimens from Kenya and N. Tanganyika being densely pubescent particularly
on the upper side of the foliage; those from SW. Tanganyika being in general less
densely so; while in Nyasaland sparsely pubescent to glabrescent forms are prev-
alent. Brass 16399, 16864, 17297 are thinly pubescent, while 16942 is densely
so. The names Coreopsis whytei S. Moore and Guizotia bidentoides Oliv. & Hiern
(the latter name unmentioned by Sherff) have been applied to the less pubescent
plants, while a sheet at Kew of the type-number of C. pinnatipartita is of a rela-
tively more pubescent plant. At present I do not consider it worth while to make
varieties.
Bidens steppia (Steetz) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 82. 1923; Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 16:
a Ee |
Coreopsis steppia Steetz in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 496. 1863.
Blantyre District: Near Blantyre, in Brachystegia woodland, herb 40-50 cm.
high, rays and disc yellow, 915 m., May 26, 1946, Vernay 16023, Zomba Dis-
trict: Zomba Plateau, one plant in an open bog, herb 30 cm. high, flowers yel-
low, 1700 m., May 31, 1946, 16112.* Mlanje District: Likubula Gorge, on moist
sunny banks of river, herb 1 m. high, flowers golden-yellow, 840 m., June 20,
1946, 16383. Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, on a path in rain-forest, 30=40 cm.»
high, flowers yellow, conspicuous, 1200 m., Sept. 25, 1946, 17796. EE. Africa,
from Uganda to S. Rhodesia and Angola.
In the absence of ripe fruits these gatherings cannot be named varietally.
Schistostephium artemisiifolium [‘tartemisiaefolium’?] Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 270.
1897. . ‘
Schistostephium microcephalum Bak. Kew Bull. 1897: 270. 1897.
Schistostephium crataegifolium sensu Hutch. Kew Bull. 1916: 102. 1916, p. p.; non
S. crataegifolium (DC.) Fenzl ex Harv.
Kotaekota District: Nchisi Mountain, frequent in Brachystegia woodland, per
ennial herb 80-120 cm. high, flowers yellow, 1400 m., July 24, 1946, 16898. Tan-
ganyika Territory to S. Rhodesia. |
The cutting of the leaves of S. artemisiifolium, with their narrow and rather
elongate parallel-sided segments, which are entire or sometimes again sparsely
divided into similar lobes, is so different from the shorter segments with numere
ous short but very acute lobes of S: crataegifolium that I prefer to consider them
distinct.
Lopholaena whyteana (Britten) Phill. & C. A. Sm. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. 21:
236, 1933.
Othonna whyteana Britten, Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 4: 21. pl. 4, f. 1, 2. 1894.
482 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common in grasslands
from about 2000 to 2250 m., shrubs 40<50 cm. high, with numerous stems from a
common base forming a shapely bush, involucral bracts yellow-green with reddish
tips, florets white, 2100 m., July 3, 1946, 16645. Endemic to Nyasaland.
Phillips and C, -A. Smith (op. cit. p. 236) identify as L. whyteana a specimen,
Haarer 1586, from southwestern Tanganyika Territory, which I should call L.
dolichopappa (O. Hoffm.) S. Moore, on account of its decumbent not erect habit
and smaller capitula on longer peduncles. L. whyteana is thus still a Nyasaland
endemic.
Cineraria buchanani S, Moore, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 352. 1902.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, plentiful on forest mar-
gins, herb scrambling to 1.5=2 m. high, flowers rellony 1890 m., July 6, 1946,
16697, Endemic to Nyasaland.
Cineraria buchanani S. Moore var. ?
Leaves more deeply divided and sometimes a pair of lobes on the petiole
(=Purves 93, Tuchila Plateau).
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, one plant in grassland,
herb 30 cm. high, flowers yellow, 2200 m., July 3, 1946, 16636,*
Cineraria deltoidea Sond. Linnaea 23: 68, 1850,
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, frequent on shrubby borders of montane
forest and on disturbed ground in open grasslands, shrub 1 m. high, flowers yel-
low, 2350 m., Aug. 17, 1946, 17299, Natal, the Transvaal, and now new to
Nyasaland.
Cineraria aecenie Huteh, Kew Bull. 1931: 2581931, °
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, on shrubby banks of a grassland stream,
herb 1 m. high, flowers yellow, 2300 m., Aug. 14, 1946, 17225*; ibid., common in
shallow rocky soil in grasslands, shrub 30-40 cm. high, flowers showy, yellow,
2500 m., Aug. 18, 1946, 17322. :
Previously recorded from the Transvaal. The present gatherings differ in habit
and inflorescence, possibly owing to habitat, but in little else.
Emilia basifolia Bak. Kew Bull. 1898: 154. 1898; Garabedian, Kew Bull. 1924:
137, 140. 1924,
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, on moist rocks on edge of a waterfall, herb
15=20 cm. high, flowers yellow, 1500 m., June 7, 1946, 16313. Nyasaland, N.
Rhodesia, and the Belgian Congo.
Emilia macaulayae Garabedian, Kew Bull. 1924: 138, 140. 1924,
Blantyre District: Blantyre, in Brachystegia woodland, herb 70-100 cm. high,
flowers red, 1100 m., June 17, 1946, 16350. N. Rides, and now new to
Nyasaland.
Senecio abyssinicus Schultz-Bip. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 438. 1848;
Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 410. 1877. ©
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, occasional on paths in Brachystegia wood-
land, herb 30-40 cm. high, more or less fleshy, leaves pale green, flowers yellow,
1500 m., June 6, 1946, 16282. Abyssinia and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan to Nyasa-
land, S. Rhodesia, and Angola.
Senecio hochstetteri Schultz-Bip. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 435. 1848;
Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr, 3: 414. 1877. | }
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, common in Brachystegia woodland, herb 140
cm. high, viscid, just coming into flower, flowers green with purple tinge, 1500
m., June 4, 1946, 16214,.* Abyssinia to Nyasaland and S, Rhodesia.
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 483
This greatly resembles in habit the S. African S. purpureus L., which hows
ever has more prominently ribbed glabrous achenes,
Senecio erubescens Air, Hort. Kew. 3; 190. 1789, sensu lato.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, occasional on grassland
paths, herb 20-40 cm. high, flowers purple, 2000 m., July 18, 1946, 16872. Nya-
saland, S. Rhodesia, and Angola to S. Africa.
Senecio latifolius DC. Prodr. 6: 387. 1838.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, one plant in Brachystegia woodland, herb
1 m, high, leaves glaucous, more or less fleshy, flowers yellow, 1500 m., June
6, 1946, 16284,* Nyasaland and N. Rhodesia to S, Africa.
Senecio karaguensis O, Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 417. 1895,
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, sporadic in Brachystegia woodland, per-
ennial herb 80-100 cm, high, stem one, erect, simple, flowers yellow, 1400 m.,
July 24, 1946, 16896; ibid., sporadic in moist gullies in Brachystegia woodland,
perennial herb 80-100 cm. high, stem simple, erect, leaves fleshy, flowers yel-
low, 1400 m., July 25, 1946, 16943; ibid., frequent in gullies in Brachystegia
woodland, perennial herb 80e120 cm. high, flowers yellow, 1400 m., July 27,
1946, 16985, Urundi, Uganda, and Tanganyika Territory, and now new to
Nyasaland,
Owing to the scanty and usually fragmentary material from other parts of its
range, the limits of variation in S. karaguensis are still rather problematical. The
Nyasaland specimens run to radical leaves with a broadly elliptic lamina to about
15=25 cm. long and 5-10 cm. wide with long slender petioles 12-40 cm. long. S.
karaguensis from elsewhere seems normally to have narrower, more linear-lanceo-
late leaves up to about 30 x 3 cm. But the radical leaves are certainly variable,
even on one plant, and the variation mentioned above may be simply due to the
season when the plants were collected Therefore I prefer to treat S. karaguensis
for the present as rather an aggregate, without attempting to make varieties. I
strongly suspect that S. tabulicolus Bak. Kew Bull. 1898: 155 (1898) should also
be sunk. It is certainly very obviously related and close, but has more capitula
in the corymb and smaller involucres than S. karaguensis, but unfortunately the
type lacks radical leaves.
Senecio wollastoni S. Moore, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 38: 264, 1908.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common in semi-shade in montane forest,
annual herb 1-1.5 m. high, stem erect, simple, purple, flowers yellow, 2350 m.,
Aug. 17, 1946, 17301. Uganda (**E. Ruwenzori’’) and now new to Nyasaland.
Brass 17301 closely resembles the type of S. wollastoni, which I have ex-
amined in the herbarium of the British Museum (Natural History), differing only
in the glabrescence of the peduncles and basal phyllaries, which latter are elon-
gate, linear and flexuousespreading, not short and up to about 2.5 mm. long. At
present I do not consider these discrepancies of much account.
Senecio maranguensis O. Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 418. 1895.
Senecio psiadioides O. Hoffm. Bot. Jahrb. 30: 436. 1901.
Senecio jugicola S. Moore, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 38: 264. 1908.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, in forest regrowths, shrub
2-2.5 m. high, flowers yellow, 1820 m., June 25, 1946, 16415, Uganda to Nya-
saland, from which it is now recorded for the first time.
For the moment the wisest course seems to be to allow a rather wide range of
variation to S. maranguensis. The Nyasaland material shows leaves more or less
cuneate at base, petioles auriculate at base, and often some additional foliaceous
484 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
lobules on the petiole itself; the phyllaries are very slightly longer than else-
where, These do not seem to reflect more than local variation, which it may be
possible to classify more satisfactorily in the future. The following specimen
in the Kew Herbarium is the same as Brass 16415:
Mlanje District: Tuchila Plateau, plant 60-90 cm. high, flowers yellow, 1830
m., Aug. 1901, J. M. Purves 65.
Senecio syringifolius O. Hoffm. Bot. Jahrb. 20: 236. 1894,
Senecio exsertiflorus Bak. Kew Bull. 1898: 154. 1898,
Senecio nyikensis Bak. Kew Bull. 1898: 154. 1898; non S. nyikensis Bak. Kew Bull.
1897: 271. 1897.
Senecio subpetitianus Bak. Kew Bull. 1898: 303. 1898.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, climbing on swampy edge of rain-forest, vine
6-8 m. high, fruit-pappus white, 1770 m., May 31, 1946, 16117. North Nyasa Dis-
trict: Nyika Plateau, frequent on edges of montane forest, vine climbing 6=10 m.,
leaves more or less fleshy, florets greenish-white, anthers and stigmas yellow,
2320 m., Aug. 16, 1946, 17236. Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika Territory, and
Nyasaland,
Near S. tamoides DC, Prodr. 6: 403 (1838), but with discoid capitula,
Senecio rectiramus Bak. Kew Bull. 1898: 155. 1898.
Kotaekota District: Nchisi Mountain, common on edge of rain-forest, vine
climbing to a height of 10 m. by means of sensitive petioles, leaves grey below,
flowers yellow, 1400 m., July 27, 1946, 16987. Endemic to Nyasaland.
Senecio auriculatissimus Britten, Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 4: 21, 1894.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, frequent on banks of
stream in forest, subscandent shmb 2=3 m. high, more or less fleshy, just coming
into flower, flowers yellow, 1900 m., July 3, 1946, 16635.* Endemic to
Nyasaland.
Senecio milanjianus S. Moore, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 359. 1902.
Senecio tropaeolifolius O. Hoffm. Bot. Jahrb. 30: 437. 1901; non S. wyiliipsst cele
MacOwan, Hook. Ic. Pl. pl. 1011. 1867.
Senecio conradi Muschl. Bot. Jahrb. 43: 43. 1909.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, southwest ridge, frequent on flat dry rocks,
herb 40-60 cm., flowers bright yellow, showy, plant very fleshy, 1 or 2 stems
erect from a tuberous stock, 2400 m., June 28, 1946, 16496; Luchenya Plateau,
common epiphyte in forest, 30-50 cm. high, fleshy, simple, erect, flowers yellow,
showy, 1820 m., July 5, 1946, 16677.* Tanganyika Territory and Nyasaland.
S. Moore distinguishes his S. milanjianus from S. tropaeolifolius O. Hoffm. by
the homogamous heads and more lobed leaves. The capitula on the type-specimen
ats; milanjianus are so ancient and overe-ripe, that I feel that too much hope and
intuition entered into the confident assertion of their homogamy; especially as
two excellent gatherings from Mlanje Mountain (Brass 16677, Purves 53) agree
very well with the type of S. milanjianus except for their obviously radiate heads.
At present I am not inclined to give specific importance to the degree of lobing
of the leaves.
Senecio peltophorus Brenan, sp. nov.
Affinis est S. milanjiano S. Moore, sed ut videtur terrestris nec epiphyticus
vel saxicolus, foliis multo minoribus, bracteis supremis et bracteolis brevioribus,
capitulis multo minoribus, flosculis paucioribus, ligulis et pappo brevioribus
differt.
Herba perennis, glabra, carnosa, 12-40 cm. alta, caulibus erectis e rhizomate
crasso ramoso siccitate albido circiter 0.6-1 cm. diametro exorientibus; folia
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 485
omnia basalia vel caulis usque ad circiter 10 cm. supra basim foliosus, superne
foliis valde reductis vel squamiformibus tantum praeditus. Folia inferiora petio-
lata, peltata; lamina siccitate rigide papyracea, ovato-suborbicularia usque sub-
orbicularia, ad marginem breviter angulata, angulis circiter 10, magnitudine vari-
abilia, 1-3 cm. longa, 0.9=2.3 cm. lata, supra opaca et siccitate brunnea, subtus
pallidiora vivo grisea, nervis primariis circiter 8 ab apice petioli palmatim ra-
diantibus supra valde inconspicuis subtus prominulis, venulis utrinque aegre
cernendis; petiolus 1.7-3 cm. longus, ima basi plus minusve dilatatus, 2-7 mm.
supra basim laminae insertus. Inflorescentiae terminales necnon ex axillis squa-
marum caulinarum supremarum orientes, aliae satis dense corymbosae multica-
pitulatae 4.5<12 cm. longae, aliae etiam valde reductae 1.5=-3 cm, longae leusque
paucicapitulatae; bracteae superiores et bracteolae lineari-lanceolatae usque
lineares, 1.5=5 mm. longae; pedunculi capitulorum tenuiusculi, 4-10 mm. longi,
bracteolati. Capitula heterogama, radiata; involucrum subcylindricum, 4 mm.
altum, ad apicem 2.5=3 mm. Jatum; foliola 7-8, lineari-oblonga, ad apicem acuta
puberula purpurascentia. Flores radii 4-5, tubo 3=3.5 mm. longo, ligulae oblongo-
ellipticae, 4.5-5 mm. longae 1.5=2.1 mm. latae, ad apicem tridenticulatae; flores
disci 10-11, 3 mm. longi, tubulosi, tubo sursum gradatim ampliato et ibi breviter
S=lobato; antherae 1.25 mm. longae; styli rami ad apicem truncati et minute peni-
cillati. Ovarium omnium florum oblongo-fusiforme, 1.75=2 mm. longum, 0.5 mm.
latum, dense et breviter pubescens, ad apicem pappi setis albidis scabridulis
3-3.5 mm. longis coronatum. Achaenia pallide brunnea, 1.75 mm. longa, 0.6 mm.
lata, tenuiter costulata, more ovarii vestita.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, 2440-2740 m., Mar. 1897, G. Adamson 427
(Herb. Kew.). Mlanje, Tuchila Plateau, plant found on damp rocky places, 1830
m., May 1901, J. M. Purves 10 (TYPUS in Herb. Kew.). Mlanje Mountain, southwest
ridge, locally gregarious on open mossy seepage slopes, herb 15-20 cm. high,
rhizome thick, branched, plant fleshy, leaves grey beneath, flowers yellow, 2120
m., June 28, 1946, 16508.
S. peltophorus is very obviously and closely related to S, milanjianus S. Moore
(q.v.), and it is rather difficult to indicate points other than differences in size
and number in which the two differ, The differences in size are so numerous and
striking, affecting particularly the capitula and florets, and the material avail-
able sorts so neatly into the two, that I feel that S. peltophorus, which might be
well described as a miniature of S. milanjianus, should stand as a separate spe-
cies. To make the contrast between the two easier and more graphic, I have tabu-
lated the more striking differences.
S, milanjianus S. peltophorus
Largest lower cauline leaves 6-8 cm, in diam, 1-3 cm, in diam.
on each plant,
Bracteoles on peduncles of 3<6 mm. long 1=2 mm. long
capitula
Involucre 0.9=1 cm. long, 0.4 cm. long,
0.5=0.6 cm. wide 0.25-0.3 cm. wide
Ligules 8=9 mm. long 4,5=5 mm. long
Number of disc-florets per about 17=22 about 10-11
capitulum
Length of disc-florets 8 mm. 3 mm.
Lobes of disc-florets 1.5 mm. deep 0.6 mm. deep
Anthers 2.5 mm. long 1.25 mm. long
Pappus _ 7-8 mm. long 3.~3.5 mm. long
486 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
In addition it appears that S. deepearsec i. is an epiphyte or on rocks, while
S. peltophorus grows on the ground.
Senecio pachyrhizus O. Hoffm. Bot. Jahrb. 30: 435. 1901,
Kota-kota District: Chenga Hill, sporadic in low open Brachystegia woodland,
perennial herb 30-35 cm. high, young shoots flowering after the burning of the
grass, rootstock large, woody, flowers cream, 1600 m., Sept. 9, 1946, 17602. New
to Nyasaland; previously recorded only from Tanganyika Territory.
Brass 17602 shows charred and tattered relics of mature foliage, which has
not been described for this species. The leaves are at least 45 cm. long, probe
ably narrow, about 4 cm. wide with toothed margins, more or less densely cottony
beneath.
Crassocephalum rubens (Jacq.) S. Moore, Jour. Bot. 50: 212. 1912.
Senecio rubens Jacq. Hort. Vindob. 3: 50. pl. 98. 1776.
Senecio cemuus L. f. Suppl. 370. 1781, nom. illegit.
Crassocephalum cernuum (L. f.) Moench, Meth. 516. 1794.
Gynura cernua (L. f.) Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 437. 1849.
Gynura rubens (Jacq.) Muschl. Repert. Sp. Nov. 11: 119. 1913.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, frequent in Brachystegia woodlands, herb
80-100 cm. high, flowers blue, 1500 m., June 7, 1946, 16318; ibid., frequent in
Brachystegia woodlands and as a weed on disturbed ground, perennial herb up
to 1 m. high, flowers purple, 1500 m., June 9, 1946, 16326. Widely spread as a
weed in the tropics.
The flowers of C. rubens may be pink, magenta, purplish, or blue, whilst a
white-flowered form has been known to occur.
Crassocephalum bojeri (DC,) Robyns, Fl. Spermat. Parc Nat. Albert 2: 544. 1947.
Senecio bojeri DC. Prodr. 6: 376. 1838.
Senecio subscandens Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 434. 1847.
Cholo District: Nswadzi River, common on grassy riverbanks, scrambling herb
2 m. high, sap not milky, branches blotched with purple, flowers yellow, native
name (Chinyanja) moleza, 840 m., Sept. 27, 1946, 17848, Eritrea to S. Rhodesia
and Angola.
Crassocephalum mannii (Hook. f.) Milne-Redhead, Kew Bull. 1950: 377. 1950.
Senecio mannii Hook. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 6: 14. 1862.
Senecio multicorymbosus Klatt, Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien 7: 103. 1892.
Senecio acervatus S. Moore, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 40: 121. 1911.
Crassocephalum multicorymbosum (Klatt) S. Moore, Jour. Bot. 50: 211. 1912.
Kota-kota District: Chenga Hill, in bush growths among rocks, arborescent
shrub 3.5 m. high, aromatic, branches upright, fleshy, flowers yellow, 1600 m.,
Sept. 9, 1946, 17597. Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, plentiful in rain-forest
regrowths, tree up to more or less 8 m. high, branchlets and leaves fleshy, flow-
ers yellow, 1200 m,, Sept. 21, 1946, 17721. Widely spread on mountains from the
Cameroons to S. Rhodesia.
In keeping Crassocephalum Moench as a genus distinct from Gynura Cass.,
I am following Spencer Moore (l.c. 210). The differences between the style struc
tures of Crassocephalum and Gynura are similar in degree to the differences bes
tween the style structure of either of these genera and that of Senecio L, The
only other logical treatment is to consider both Crassocephalum and Gynura as
subgenera of Senecio, a treatment which has been followed by German botanists,
but with which I am not in agreement.
Osteospermum monocephalum (Oliv. & Hiern) Norlindh, Stud. Calend. 1: 288. 1943,
Tripteris monocephala Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 424. 1877.
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 487
Dowa District: Mweru Hill, weed in gardens, herb 50=60 cm, high, flowers yel-
low, fruit-wings red, 1450 m., Aug. 5, 1946, Shortridge 17139, North Nyasa Dis-
trict: Nyika Plateau, plentiful in open grasslands, perennial herb 15-30 cm, high,
young flowering stems appear after burning of grasslands, plant somewhat viscid,
flowers yellow, showy, 2400 m., Aug. 11, 1946, 17162, Kota-kota District: Nchisi,
in Brachystegia woodland, perennial herb 30-60 cm. high, young shoots flowering
after the burning of the grass, flowers yellow, fruits 3-winged, wings red, 1350
m., Sept. 9, 1946, 17576. Urundi and Tanganyika Territory to S. Rhodesia and
Angola.
Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norlindh,*® Stud. Calend. 1: 374 (1943) subsp.
septentrionalis Norlindh, Stud. Calend. 1: 396, 1943,
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, west slope, in forest regrowths, shrub 1.5
m. high, leaves dull pale green, somewhat fleshy, flowers yellow, fruit—
**achenes’’—more or less fleshy, 1830 m., June 21, 1946, 16397; Luchenya Pla-
teau, among rocks in grassland, not common, tree 2 m. high, flowers yellow, fruit
purple, fleshy, 2100 m., July 3, 1946, 16649. ? District: North Road between
Mzimba and Kasungu, on stony soil in Brachystegia woodlands, shrub 1 m. high,
flowers yellow, fruit more or less fleshy, purplish, 1400 m., Aug. 23, 1946, 17386.
The subspecies in Tanganyika Territory, Nyasaland, Portuguese East Africa, and
S. Rhodesia.
Gazania pygmaea Sond. Linnaea 23: 69. 1850.
Kota-kota District: Chenga Hill, young shoots flowering after burning of the
grass, perennial herb to 25 cm. high, leaves grey beneath, flowers yellow, 1600
m., Sept. 9, 1946, 17590. Nyasaland to South Africa.
G. pygmaea may not be distinct from the earlier but little-known G. serrulata
DC. Prodr. 6: 512 (1838).
Berkheya insignis (Harv.) Thell. Viert. Nat. Ges. Ziirich 74: 129, 1929.
Stobaea insignis Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. 3: 496. 1865.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain, sporadic in Brachystegia woodland, per-
ennial herb 50 cm. high, flowers yellow (only one plant found in flower), 1400
m., July 26, 1946, 16954.* Nchisi, in Brachystegia woodland, perennial herb
30-50 cm. high, roots tuberous, young shoots flowering after burning of the grass,
flowers yellow, showy, 1350 m., Sept. 9, 1946, 17574. Nyasaland to South
Africa,
Berkheya johnstoniana Britten, Trans, Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 4: 22. 1894,
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, plentiful along trails in
grassland, perennial herb 20-40 cm. high, past flowering, 2200 m., July 3, 1946,
16637.* Endemic to Nyasaland. 7
Berkheya polyacantha Bak. Kew Bull. 1898: 156, 1898.
Berkheya parvifolia Bak. Kew Bull. 1898: 155. 1898.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, frequent near paths in open grassland,
perennial herb 40-50 cm. high, roots tuberous, flowers yellow, 2300 m., Aug. 16,
1946, 17246, Endemic to Nyasaland,
I cannot distinguish Baker’s two species. When they are amalgamated I pro-
pose that the name B, polyacantha be chosen, as the type of that is more satis-
factory. Although Baker described the achenes of B. polyacantha and B. parvi-
folia as glabrous, the types of both have them densely pubescent.
38 Osteospermum moniliferum L. Sp. Pl. 923. 1753.
488 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vel. 8, No. 5
Centaurea ? praecox Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. oe Afr. 3: 438. 1877; Philipson,
Jour, Bot. 77: 231. 1939.
Kota-kota District: Chenga Hill, sporadic in low open Brachystegia woodland,
perennial herb to 60 cm. high, rootstock woody, deeply rooted, young shoots inne
ering after burning of the grass, florets white with purple anthers, 1600 m., Sept.
9, 1946, 17595.* Widely distributed in tropical Africa, but not previously re-
corded from Nyasaland, though there is at Kew a very poor, leafless Nyasaland
specimen that may be C. praecox.
The separation of C. praecox from C, rhizocephala Oliv. & Hiern seems
scarcely possible without mature foliage, which is too imperfectly shown by Mr.
Brass’ specimen.
Pleiotaxis pulcherrima Steetz in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 500. pl. 51. 1863;
Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv, Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 440. 1877; S. Moore, Jour. Bot.
63: 44, 1925.
Blantyre District: Blantyre, in Brachystegia woodland, perennial herb 25=30
cm. high, stems several, erect, stem and lower side of leaves greyish, flower
faded, colour not.seen, 1100 m., June 17, 1946, 16337. Tanganyika Territory to
Angola; new to Nyasaland.
Dicoma sessiliflora Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. 3: 518. 1865; Oliv. & Hiern
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 444. 1877; F. C. Wilson, Kew Bull. 1923: 386.
1923,
Blantyre District: Blantyre, in Brachystegia woodland, herb 40 cm. high, flow-
ers yellow, 1100 m., June 17, 1946, 16344,* Kota-kota District: Nchisi Mountain,
occasional in Brachystegia woodland, perennial herb 60680 cm. high, flowers
yellow, outer bracts green with white margins and purple tips, inner bracts white,
1400 m., July 24, 1946, 16901. Mpofu, Bua River, herb in Brachystegia woodland,
975 m., Aug. 1, 1946, Vernay 17093, The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, southward to
S. Rhodesia and westward to Nigeria. :
Dicoma pygmaea Hutch. Bot. S. Afr. 526. 1946,
Kasungu District: Kasungu, hidden among long grass in Brachystegia wood-
land, herb 4=7 cm. high, flowers yellowishegreen, bracts green with white margins,
1000 m., Aug. 26, 1946, 17425. Nyasaland and N. Rhodesia; possibly in Tans
ganyika Territory.
Gerberia®® abyssinica Schultz-Bip. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 458. 1848;
Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 445. 1872,
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, sporadic in open grassland, perennial
herb 10<15 cm. high, flowering shoots appearing after the burning of the grass,
flowers *pink, 2400 m., Aug. 11, 1946, 17163*; ibid., plentiful in open grasslands,
perennial herb, flowers pink, 2560 m., Aug. 18, 1946, 17312.* Kotaekota Dis-
trict: Chenga Hill, sporadic in low open Brachystegia woodland, perennial herb
to 30 cm. high, young shoots flowering after the burning of the grass, flowers
pale purple, 1600 m., Sept. 9, 1946, 17599. Abyssinia to Nyasaland and S.,
Rhodesia.
Gerberia piloselloides (L.) Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 18: 461. 1820; Oliv. & Hiern 1 in
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 445. 1877.
Arnica piloselloides L. Pl. Afr. Rar. 22. 1760.
Dedza District: Dedza, common in moist depressions in Brachystegia wood-
land, perennial herb about 30 cm. high, flowers and young leaves produced after
*This is the spelling adopted by Cassini in Dict. Sci. Nat. 18: 459 (1820), and is
evidently deliberate.
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 489
the burning of the grass, flower-rays reddish-purple, disc white, 1500 m., Sept.
13, 1946, 17630. Widespread in tropical and S. Africa, and extends to Madagascar
and through Asia to China.
Crepis newii Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr, 3: 449 (1877) subsp. typica
Babcock, Genus Crepis 2: 370. 1947.
Kota-kota District: Nchisi, one plant collected on a path in Brachystegia
woodland, perennial herb 4050 cm. high, flowers yellow, 1350 m., Aug. 1, 1946,
17076*; ibid., in Brachystegia woodland, perennial herb about 60 cm. high, flow-
ering after burning of the grass, sap milky, flowers yellow, 1350 m., Sept. 9,
1946, 17573. The species from Tanganyika Territory to Angola and Nigeria.
These specimens came nearest to the “‘minor variant”? of C, newii described
by Babcock (l.c.) from specimens collected by Haarer in southwestern Tangane
yika Territory,
Lactuca praecox R. E. Fr. Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed, Rhod.-Kongo Exp. 352. 1914,
Kota-kota District: Chintembwe, common in rocky grassland, perennial herb
10-30 cm. high, young shoots flowering after burning of the grass, flowers yellow,
sap milky, 1400 m., Sept. 9, 1946, 17581. Tanganyika Territory and N. Rhodesia;
new to Nyasaland,
Lactuca glandulifera Hook. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 7: 203 (1864) var. calva (R.
E, Fr.) Robyns, Fl. Spermat. Parc Nat. Albert 2: 606, 1947.
Lactueca glandulifera Hook. f. f. calua R. E. Fre Acta Horti Berg. 9: 162. 1929; Steb-
bins, Bull. Jard. Bot. Bmx. 14: 350. 1937.
Cholo District: Cholo Mountain, in rain-forest regrowths, scrambling herb 1.5
m. high, sap milky, flowers yellow, 1200 m., Sept. 19, 1946, 17656. The species
in E, Africa from Uganda to Nyasaland, for which this is the first record; also in
the British Cameroons.
Sonchus schweinfurthii Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 458, 1877; R. E.
Fr, Acta Horti Berg, 8: 98. 1925.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, scrambling on forest edges, herb 2 m.
high, sap milky, flowers yellow, 2300 m., Aug. 11, 1946, 17173; common on Mlanje
Mountain, where it was not seen in fertile condition. Widespread in tropical
Africa.
Sonchus exauriculatus (Oliv. & Hiern) O. Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr.
C: 421. 1895; R. E. Fr. Acta Horti Berg, 8: 110. 1925,
Sonehus bipontini Asch. var. exauriculatus Oliv. & Hiem in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3:
459. 1877.
Chikwawa District: Chikwawa, occasional on dry eroding river-banks, herb
40=60 cm, high, sap milky, flowers yellow, 200 m., Oct. 2, 1946, 17900. Anglo-
Egyptian Sudan and Somaliland to Nyasaland and Portuguese East Africa.
CAMPANULACEAE*™
Lobelia blantyrensis E. Wimm. Ann. Naturh. Mus. Wien 56: 363. 1948.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, southwest ridge, sprawling in shelter of
rocks, herb, stems about 60 cm. long, flowers blue, 2400 m., June 28, 1946,
16491; Luchenya Plateau, amongst sheltering rocks in grassland, rare, herb 30=
50 cm. high, erect or ascending, leaves purple beneath, flowers violet, 2150 m.,
July 9, 1946, 16749, Endemic to Nyasaland.
3 Determinations of Lobelia by F. E. Wimmer, Vienna.
490 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
Lobelia brassiana E. Wimm. Kew Bull. 1952: 139. 1952.
Zomba District: Zomba, massed on moist banks in ravines, herb, flowers blue,
1150 m., May 27, 1946, 16040 (TYPUS). Endemic to Nyasaland.
Lobelia intertexta Bak, Kew Bull. 1898: 157. 1898; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. pl. 7615,
1898,
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Chambe Plateau, common on grassland paths,
herb 10-30 cm. high, flowers bright blue, 2000 m., July 9, 1946, 16769. Kota-
kota District: Nchisi Mountain, occasional among rocks in Brachystegia woods
land, herb, flowers blue, 1600 m., July 26, 1946, 16972, Cholo District: Cholo
Mountain, in a clearing on edge of rain-forest, herb 2540 cm. high, flowers blue,
1200 m., Sept. 21, 1946, 17699, Endemic to Nyasaland.
Professor Wimmer annotates Brass 16769 as ‘taccedens ad f. aridam.”’
Lobelia trullifolia Hemsl, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 466, 1877.
Zomba District: Zomba, gregarious on moist banks in ravine, herb 20-40 cm,
high, plant pubescent, lower leaves reddish, flowers blue, 1150 m., May 26, 1946,
16031, Endemic to Nyasaland.
Lobelia ? mildbraedii Engl. Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr.-Exp. 1907-08 2:
344, 1911; E, A. Bruce, Kew Bull. 1934: 73. 1934,
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common in open marshes, shrub 1.52.5
m. high, branches several, radiating and ascending, terminating in tall erect in-
florescences, only young leafy branches and dry inflorescences seen, dry hollow
stems l=1.5 m. long, below a flower-bearing part 50=90 cm. long, sap milky, flow-
ers not seen, 2340 m., Aug. 13, 1946, 17211. L. mildbraedii has been previously
recorded from the Belgian Congo and Uganda.
Cephalostigma erectum (Roth) Vatke, Linnaea 38: 699, 1874,
Dentella erecta Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. Ind. Or. 140. 1821; Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea
4: 151. 1829.
Wablenbergia perotifolia Wight & Am. Prodr Fl. Penins. Ind, 1: 405, 1834; Wight,
Icon. 3: pl. 842. 1943.
Dentella perotifolia Willd. ex A. DC. in DC, Prodr. 7: 434. 1839.
Cephalostigma hirsutum Edgew. Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 81. 1846; Hemsl. in Oliv. Fl.
Trop. Afr. 3: 472. 1877.
Cephalostigma schimperi Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 2. 1851.
Cephalostigma perotifolium (Wight & Am.) Hutch. & Dalz. Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 2: 191.
1931.
Blantyre District: Blantyre, in Brachystegia woodlands, herb 10 cm. high,
flowers pale blue, 1100 m., June 17, 1946, 16342,* Widespread on the E. side of
tropical Africa from the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan to S. Rhodesia; also in Nigeria
and extending to India.
This plant presents both taxonomic and nomenclatural difficulty.
In India botanists have generally recognised two species, C. hirsutum Edgew.
and C. schimperi Hochst. ex A. Rich. The main character used has been the
seed-shape, conspicuously trigonous in C. hirsutum, compressed but not at all
trigonous in C. schimperi. In addition there are some rather indefinite characters
derived from the leaves and habit: leaves mostly oblong to lanceolate and sessile
or nearly so in C. schimperi, broader and more narrowed towards the base in C.
hirsutum; the habit of C. hirsutum is shorter, more bushy, more dichotomous and
normally lacking the elongate central axis to the inflorescence found in C. schim-
peri. For a statement of the differences, see Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa 502
(1922). So far as India is concerned these characters are reasonably well cor-
related, but when we come to Africa the position appears much more perplexing;
it is perfectly possible to find African specimens squaring with C. hirsutum and
1954] . PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 491
C. schimperi as they have been interpreted in India, but in addition there are
probably as many specimens which break down this correlation in a most unco-
operative way. Brass 16342 is one such, having the seeds not at all trigonous
but a short bushy dichotomous habit. My own present inclination would be to
treat the two seed-shapes as of subspecific importance, and for that reason I have
taken the species in a wide sense here. But it is possible that the difficulty
found in Africa is due to free crossing between two distinct species. Until this
can be studied carefully in the field, I feel that the taxonomic course adopted
here is at least not going to lead to more confusion than there may be already.
This genus is certainly one to be commended to the attention of botanists in
Africa.
Hutchinson and Dalziel in 1931 made the new combination Cephalostigma
perotifolium and this has since been generally used. However there is no doubt
that Dentella erecta Roth provides an earlier epithet, as was recognised long ago
by Vatke. Indeed Wight and Amott seem deliberately to have suppressed the
epithet erecta in favour of their own, perhaps because they felt that Roth had
made such a bad shot at placing the plant. Roth’s description of the habit, the
mention of subsessile lanceolate leaves, and the glabrous calyx-lobes suggest
that his plant was what has been called C. schimperi and not C. hirsutum. If C.
hirsutum were to be considered as a distinct species it would apparently keep its
name.
Lightfootia abyssinica Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl..Abyss. 2: 1. 1851, sensu
lato.
Kotaekota District: Chintembwe, in rocky grassland, perennial herb 5070 cm.
high, flowers yellow-green, 1400 m., Sept. 9, 1946, 17587. Widespread from Abys-
sinia and the AnglosEgyptian Sudan to S. Rhodesia and Angola.
This genus requires critical revision and the naming should therefore be ace
cepted with some Caution.
Lightfootia glomerata Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 19 (Beibl. 47): 52. 1894,
Lightfootia capitata Bak. Kew Bull. 1898: 158. 1898.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, frequent in Brachystegia woodlands, herb up
to 1m. high, flowers pale blue, 1500 m., June 2, 1946, 16156, Blantyre District:
Blantyre, in Brachystegia woodlands, herb 40-60 cm. high, with several to many
stems ascending from a stout taproot to form a bushy crown, flowers blue, 1100
m., June 18, 1946, 16354. North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, occasional in
open grasslands, perennial herb 30-40 cm. high, flowers blue, 2250 m., Aug. 16,
1946, 17257*; ibid., Nchenaschena Spur, common in open grasslands, perennial
herb 40=70 cm. high, rootstock fleshy, whitish, flowers blue, 2000 m., Aug. 20,
1946, 17348, Tanganyika Territory, N. and S. Rhodesia, and Nyasaland.
For the present I consider that these capitate-flowered plants should be
treated as one species, but this opinion must be taken with caution until field ob-
servations are available on how the inflorescence varies, e.g. whether there is a
gradual passage from capitate to spicate. .
Brass 16354 closely resembles the type of L. capitata, and like that seems to
me to be a state in which the main stem has died or been decapitated, many late
eral shoots having thus been encouraged to grow out, Brass 17257 and 17348 ap-
pear to be the normally grown state of the same thing, It is perhaps worth noting
that the calyxelobes of Brass 16354 are shorter (about 2 mm.) compared with those
of the other two sheets (about 3=4.5 mm.), Brass 17257 and 17348 are certainly
what has been called L. glomerata Engl. var. subspicata Engl, Pflanzenw. Ost-
Afr, C: 400 (1895), and also L. densa M. B. Scott, an unpublished name, L.
‘
492 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
rupestris Engl. Bot. Jahrb, 30: 419 (1901), based on a plant collected by Goetze
in SW. Tanganyika, is no doubt another synonym,
Wahlenbergia caledonica Sond. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. 3: 579, 1865; Brehm.
Bot, Jahrb. 33: 103, 19D.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, on moist grassy slopes, apparently rare, pere
ennial herb about 50 cm. high, branches several, ascending from a more or less
fleshy sprout, flowers blue, 1450 m., June 5, 1946, 16260, Nyasaland, for which
this is the first record, and S, Rhodesia to S. Africa.
According to von Brehmer’s revision of this genus, this would probably come
under W. dinteri Brehm. Bot. Jahrb, 53: 106 (1915), which appears to be separated
from W. caledonica Sond. only by habit. I do not consider this significant and
therefore use the earlier name.
Brass 16260 is unusual in its characters, even when W. caledonica is taken
in a wide sense, particularly in its strong hairiness, its relatively broad, undulate
leaves, and its very small corollas. Although these characters can be found in-
dividually isolated in W. caledonica, it is possible that their combination may be
sufficient to separate the Nyasaland plant, but as Brass 16260 is the only speci-
men so far collected, it is still premature to do so.
Wahlenbergia virgata Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 400. 1895.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, west slopes, common on pathways in Brachy-
stegia woodland, perennial herb 50 cm. high with many stems erect from a more
or less fleshy stock, flowers pale purple, 1500 m., June 24, 1946, 16409, North
Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, Nchena-chena Spur, in open grasslands, uncom-
mon, herb, flowers pale purple, 1900 m., Aug. 20, 1946, 17351. Anglo-Egyptian
Sudan (Imatong Mountains) to South Africa.
Wahlenbergia madagascariensis A. DC. Monogr. Campan. 139. 1830; in DC. Prodr.
7: 429. 1839.
Wahlenbergia oppositifolia A. DC. in DC. Prods. 7: 429. 1839; Brehm. Bot. Jahrb. 53:
134. 1915. - :
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common on edges of
grassland paths, herb, prostrate and ascending, flowers white, 1870 m., June 27,
1946, 16486, Madagascar and South Africa; now new to Nyasaland and tropical
Africa.
ERICACEAE
Agauria salicifolia*® (Comm. ex Lam.) Hook. f. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 483.
(1877) var. pyrifolia (Pers.) Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 483. 1877; Sleumer,
Bot. Jahrb. 69: 387, 1938.
- Andromeda pyrifolia Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 481. 1805.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, one example seen in riparian rain-forest, tree
6=8 m. high, leaves dull green above, greyish beneath, flowers pale green, honey-
scented, fruit not seen, 1680 m., May 31, 1946, 16103, Mlanje District: Mlanje
Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, occasional on forest edges, tree 5-6 m, high, leaves
greyish beneath, flowers reddish, 2140m., June 27, 1946, 16464; ibid,, occasional
in secondary forest and on edges of primary forest, tree up to about 8 m. high,
leaves grey beneath, flowers'green, 1890 m., July 8, 1946, 16734; Chambe Pla-
teau, common on edges of primary forest, tree up to 10m. high and to 40 cm. in
diameter at breasteheight, leaves glaucous beneath, flowers green, 1900 m., July
9, 1946, 16765. North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common on forest edges—
“ Andromeda salicifolia Comm. ex Lam. Encyc. 1: 159. 1783.
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 493
one of the principal species in secondegrowth forest, tree 3-12 m. high, to 60 cm.
in diameter, leaves concave, greyish beneath, petioles red, flowers greenish-
yellow tinged with red, 2300 m., Aug. 14, 1946, 17220, The range of the variety
similar to that of the species—on the mountains of tropical Africa, Madagascar,
Réunion, and Mauritius.
Erica milanjiana Bolus, Trans. S. Afr, Philos. Soc. 16: 141. 1905; Alm & Fries,
Ark. Bot. 21A’: 7. pl. 16, f. Ic. 1927.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, southwest ridge, under shelter of rocks on
dry grassy slopes, shrub, plant viscid, of weak straggling habit, gregarious,
branches 40-80 cm. long, corolla white, anthers brown, style, filaments and pedi-
cel pinkish-red, 2400 m., June 28, 1946, 16511. Endemic to Nyasaland.
Erica whyteana Britten, Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 4: 24, pl. 5, f. 7-12. 1894;
Alm & Fries, Ark, Bot. 21A7: 9. f. 2a. 1927.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, locally plentiful in association with Sphag-
num on wet grassy slopes, shrub 30-60 cm. high, erect or weak and straggling in
habit, flowers white, later pink, 2140 m., June 27, 1946, 16479; Luchenya Pla-
teau, on wet mossy ground on grassy slopes, shrub 10=20 cm. high, erect or as-
cending, 2100 m., June 27, 1946, 16481; southwest ridge, common on moist grassy
slopes, shrub 20-30 cm. high, flowers white, later pink, 2300 m., June 28, 1946,
16505, Endemic to Nyasaland.
Erica johnstoniana Britten, Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 4: 23. pl 5, f. 1-6. 1894;
Alm & Fries, Ark. Bot. 21A’: 20. f. 5. 1927. .
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common locally on
shrubby forest borders, shrub 1-2 m. high, loosely branched, branches erect, calyx
red, corolla pink, persistent, 1870 m., June 27, 1946, 16455; southwest ridge,
common in grass on summit, shrub 30-40 cm. high, flowers pink, 2400 m., June
28, 1946, 16524; Luchenya Plateau, occasional in rocky grasslands, shrub 50 cm.
high, flowers pink, 2200 m., July 11, 1946, 16794. Nyasaland and S. Rhodesia.
Philippia benguelensis (Engl.) Welw. ex Britten, Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 4: 24,
1894; Alm & Fries, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. III. 4*: 20. pl. 2, f. 9f-g.
1927; Norlindh & Weim. Bot. Notiser 1940: 54. 1940.
Salaxis benguelensis Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. (Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl.
1891:) 328. 1892.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, abundant on open edges of streams in rain-
forest, tree 4-6 m. high, flowers pink, 1450-1800 m., May 31, 1946, 16126, Mlanje
District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, plentiful in forest regrowths,
shapely small tree of pyramidal habit, 4-6 m. high, much branched, flowers red,
2140 m., June 27, 1946, 16463; southwest ridge, on and amongst rocks on open
slopes, tree 3-4 m. high, habit compact, foliage pale green, flowers reddish, 2200
m., June 28, 1946, 16503. North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common on
borders of montane forest and the chief species of second-growth communities,
tree 3-6 m. high, flowers pink, fruit red, 2300 m,, Aug. 16, 1946, 17251. Mombera
District: North Road, 20 miles N. of Mzimba, common in Brachystegia woodland,
shrub 2=3 m. high, 1500 m., Aug. 22, 1946, 17388. Uganda to S. Rhodesia and
Angola,
Philippia nyassana Alm & Fries, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. III, 4‘: 33. f. 10.
i a
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, abundant on forest edges
and in neighbouring grasslands, shrub 1-3 m. high with branches erect and form-
ing a shapely bush, or on taller plants drooping, flowers red, 1820 m., June 25,
494 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
1946, 16425, Nyasaland and S. Rhodesia (see Norlindh & Weim. Bot. Notiser
1940: 58. 1940.
Ericinella brassii Brenan, sp. nov.
Proxima est ut videtur FE. microdontae (C. H. Wright) Alm & Fries, ramulis
dense et satis longe villoso-pubescentibus, foliis brevioribus magis appressis,
corollis brevioribus cyathiformibus, praesertim stigmatibus latioribus facile dis-
tinguenda; aspectu cupressoide speciem austro-africanam FE. passerinoidem Bolus
accedens, ramulorum indumento, foliis multo manifestius ciliatis, pedicellis gla-
bris vel pilis subplumosis plus minusve sparse vestitis raro sparse puberulis,
corolla latiori cyathiformi longe recedit; a F, multiflora Klotzsch similiter differt
sed praeterea foliis multo latioribus ovato-lanceolatis nec acicularibus distincta.
Frutex cupressoideus, 1-2 m. altus, ramosissimus. Ramuli foliiferi graciles,
(0.3) 0.5-1.2 (<2) mm. diametro, pilis patentibus inaequilongis albidis subplu-
mosis crassiusculis diametrum ramuli saepe fere adaequantibus diu persistentibus
dense villoso-pubescentes; ramuli seniores brunneo-purpurei, pannulis vel reticulo
griseo irregulari epidermide efformato velati, tandem omnino purpureo-bmnnei.
Folia ternatim disposita, plerumque appressa, ovatoelanceolata, 1-2 (<3) mm.
longa, 0.5-0.8 (<1) mm. lata, rigida, nitida usque nitidula, ad basim rotundata,
ad apicem apiculato-acuta vel subacuta, costa supra prominula, subtus in sulco
longitudinali conspicuo depressa, margine pilis albidis simplicibus necnon glane
dulis subsessilibus breviter sed sub lente conspicue ciliolata; petiolus applana-
tus, 0.25=0.5 mm. longus, 0.2=0.3 mm. latus, siccitate subtus luteolus, supra
inferne luteolus superne aurantiacus. Flores in apice ramulorum (saepe lateralium
ac brevissimorum) umbellato-capitati; pedicelli 2-7 aggregati, 1.5<2 mm. longi,
arcuati, glabri vel pilis subplumosis sparse vestiti, raro pilis minimis puberuli,
Calyx quadrilobatus, lobis conjunctis anguste oblongis superne incrassatis mar-
gine ciliolata, tribus circiter 0.7 mm. longis, uno majore et 1.15<1.5 mm. longo.
Corolla alba, cyathiformis, glabra, 1.7=1.9 mm. longa, 1.5-1.7 mm. lata, lobis 4
late ovatorrotundatis 0,6-0.7 mm. longis, basi 0.8-0.9 mm.-latis. Stamina 4,
libera, filamentis 1 mm. longis, antheris 1 mm. longis rubris ad basim breviter
caudatis, caudis 0.15=0,25 mm. longis ut videtur nonnunquam inaequalibus. Ovar
ium glabrum, quadriloculare, loculis pluriovulatis. Stylus circiter 1.7 mm. longus,
glaber, superne in stigma 0.3=0.4 mm. latum sensim ampliatus.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, occasional in shrubberies
of forest edges, shrub 1-1.5 m. high, corolla white, anthers and stigma red, 1870
m., June 27, 1946, 16454 (TYPUS); Chambe Plateau, on brushy edges of primary
forest, shrub 2 m. high, corolla white, anthers red, 2000 m., July 9, 1946, 16770.
Only Jone species of Ericinella, E. microdonta (C. H. Wright) Alm & Fries,
was hitherto known from tropical Africa, and that strangely enough also on Mlanje
Mountain. F. brassii is, however, very distinct from E, microdonta, even in gen-
eral facies, in which it perhaps more resembles Philippia nyassana Alm & Fries,
but of course having the caudate anthers ’and narrowly obconical stigma charac-
teristic of Ericinella. The indumentum on the branchlets of E. brassii is decid-
edly reminiscent of that of Erica arborea L.
Ericinella microdonta (C. H. Wright) Alm & Fries, Acta Horti Berg. 8: 262. 1925;
Svensk. Vet.-Akad, Handi, III. 4*: 46. pl. 5, e. 1927.
Blaeria microdonta C. H. Wright, Kew Bull. 1897: 272. 1897.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, gregarious on rocky
banks of streams subject to flooding, shrub about 1 m. high, flowers over, 1750
m., June 25, 1946, 16416,
See the discussion under the following variety.
—
1954] PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND 495
Ericinella microdonta (C. H. Wright) Alm & Fries var. craspedotricha Brenan,
var, nov.
Folia margine glandulis sessilibus necnon pilis albidis anguste conicis regu-
lariter dispositis breviter ciliata.
Mlanje District: 1915, Mrs. Arthur Shinn s.n. (Herb. Mus. Brit.). Mlanje Pla-
teau, J. McClounie 65 (Herb. Kew.). Mlanje Mountain, Adamson 333, 376 (Herb.
Kew.); Tuchila Plateau, shrub 1.2<1.8 m, high, flowers white, 1830 m., May 1900,
J. M. Purves 23 (Herb. Kew.); Luchenya Plateau, occasional in grassland edging
rain-forest, attractive shrub le1.5 m. high, flowering profusely, corolla white,
anthers and stigma red, 1860 m., June 26, 1946, 16446; southwest ridge, plentiful
among rocks on summit, tree or shrub 2=4 m. high, habit compact, gnarled, 2400
m., June 28, 1946, 16497 (TYPUS varietatis in Herb. Kew.); ibid., amongst rocks
on grassy slopes, arborescent shrub 2=3 m. high, flowers white, 2200 m., June
28, 1946, 16502; Luchenya Plateau, plentiful on grassy brink of an escarpment,
shrub 1-2 m. high, corolla white, anthers and pedicels red, 1960 m,, July 16,
1946, 16852. Zomba District: Zomba, 1930, J. B. Clements 102 (Herb. Kew.).
North Nyasa District (?): South Nyika Mountains, 1220-1830 m., July 1896, A,
Whyte s.n. (Herb. Kew.).
The various McClounie numbers— 55, 75, 95—-given by C. H. Wright with his
original description of Blaeria microdonta, and all from Mlanje Mountain, are unis
form and agree with McClounie 40 and Brass 16416 in having the leaves fringed
along their margins only with minute regularly spaced sessile or subsessile
glands. The specimens cited under var. craspedotricha likewise have these
glands, but also, regularly spaced among them, short, whitish, narrowly conical,
eglandular hairs, of course considerably longer than the glands. The leaves of
var. craspedotricha are less regularly and neatly imbricate than those of the type.
The type and the variety may perhaps inhabit different altitudes, but this requires
further observation in Nyasaland. Alm and Fries (Svensk. Vet.-Akad, Handl. III,
4*: 46, 47, 1927) did not distinguish from the type the new variety now described,
but to me they appear well worth separation.
Blaeria kiwuénsis Engl. Bot. Jahrb, 43: 346. 1909; Alm & Fries, Acta Horti Berg.
82.258. 1925.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, on edges of a path in open grasslands, shrub
20-50 cm. high, flowers pink, calyx viscid, 1700 m., May 31, 1946, 16139, Mlanje
District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, locally common on hard soil in open
grasslands, shrub about 15=40 cm. high, flowers pink, 2000 m., June 27, 1946,
16471; ibid, common in open grasslands, shrub 40<50 cm, high, flowers pink,
2150 m., June 27, 1946, 16485; southwest ridge, plentiful in grass on summit,
shrub 35=50 cm. high, upper parts viscid, flowers pink, 2400 m., June 28, 1946,
16499, North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, sporadic in open grasslands, shrub,
greyish, flowers purplish-pink, 2350 m., Aug. 19, 1946, 17340, Ruanda-Urundi,
Tanganyika Territory, and Nyasaland,
Brass 17340 has the leaves almost eglandular, in this resembling Stolz 1275
from southwestern Tanganyika; the other specimens have strongly glandular
leaves, Alm and Fries (l.c.) discuss the variation in the glands of this species.
Blaeria patula (Engl.) Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 43: 364. 1909; Alm & Fries, Acta Horti
Berg. 8: 260. 1925.
Blaeria spicata Hochst. ex A. Rich. var. patula Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. (Abh.
Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1891:) 325. 1892.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, common locally in sheltered grasslands,
abundant. in young montane-forest regrowths, shrub 20-60 cm. high, brownish,
496 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [Vol. 8, No. 5
flowers pale pink, 2340 m., Aug. 19, 1946, 17338. Tanganyika Territory and Nya-
saland; a variety on Mount Elgon in Uganda. j
Blaeria patula (Engl.) Engl. var. minima Brenan, var. nov.
Habitu minimo valde insignis. Planta herbacea, florifera, ut videtur annua,
erecta, Caulis simplex, 1.7=-3 cm. altus, tenuis. Flores ex axillis in parte media
et superiori caulis singulatim sed crebre exorientes, Pedicelli ebracteolati.
North Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, between grass clumps in open grass-
land, 2-3 cm. high, corolla pink, fruit red, 2200 m., Aug. 17, 1946, 17291 (TYPUS
varietatis in Herb. Kew.).
This is a plant of outstanding interest, The genus Blaeria hitherto has been
considered only to include shrubs or shrublets, normally profusely branched and
rather resembling Calluna in habit. Even the smallest of these previously known,
B, filago Alm & Fries and a new species from Mount Kenya, although sometimes
as little as 3-4 cm. high, are distinctly woody and have branches towards the
base. B. patula var. minima is, however, quite simple, even smaller, and with
slender stems, and at first sight looks most un-ericaceous; indeed in habit it re-
sembles Centunculus!
Careful dissection shows that in spite of the oddity of its appearance, there
is nothing significant to separate it from B. patula (Engl.) Engl. Interesting con-
firmation of this view is given by the sheet at Kew of Stolz 1247 from southwest-
ern Tanganyika; here are two plants, caespitosely branched at or towards their
base, on one of which the central stems have normal Blaeria inflorescences, but
two basal simple side shoots 3.5-4.5 cm. long bear one or two flowers arising
singly from the axils after the fashion of var. minima. A similar arrangement is
to be seen here and there on side branches of Dummer 3503 at Kew, the type-
number of B. patula (Engl.) Engl. var. tenuis (Alm & Fries) Alm & Fries.
What the real status is of var. minima is still doubtful—whether it is juvenile
precocity inducing seedlings of the normal plant to flower in their first season’s
growth, or whether it is a race of genuine dwarfs. For the present I am making it
a variety, though with an open mind about its ultimate destiny. Unfortunately
such diminutive plants, surrounded by more spectacular growths to distract the
glance, are likely to escape all but the keenest-eyed collectors. But now that
attention has been drawn to it, I hope that botanists in Nyasaland will make a
special effort to observe var. minima and find out what its real nature is. It is
significant that Mr. Brass also collected typical B. patula on the Nyika Plateau.
Whatever its nature, var. minima suggests new and unexpected evolutionary
possibilities for the Ericaceae,
Blaeria sp.
Nortlf Nyasa District: Nyika Plateau, occasional on grassland paths, shrub
10-20 cm. high, flowers pink, 2300 m., Aug. 14, 1946, 17231,
Vegetatively very close indeed to B. kiwuénsis Engl., especially to Brass
17340 cited under that species, but with larger corollas. More material is wanted.
V ACCINIACEAE
Vaccinium exul Bolus, Hook. Ic. Pl. pl. 1941 (1890) var. africanum (Britten)
Brenan, comb. nov. %
Vaccinium africanum Britten, Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 4: 23. 1894.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain, southwest ridge, in elfin woods amongst
rocks on summit, tree 3-4 m. high, fruits red, fleshy, 2400 m., June 28, 1946,
16526; Luchenya Plateau, common on forest edges and in second-growth forest,
shrub 2-3 m. high, generally sterile at this season, leaves more or less glaucous
1954} PLANTS COLLECTED IN NYASALAND ee
beneath, flowers white, 2106 m., July 9, 1946, 16751*; ibid., common on forest
edges, tree or shrub 2~5 m. high, flowers white, or pink, 1890 m., July 13, 1946,
16816, The variety in Nyasaland, the typical plant in the Transvaal.
Hutchinson (Bot. S. Afr. 351-353. 1946) sinks, rightly I believe, V. africanum
Britten under V. exu/ Bolus, recognising, however, that the two differed in the
clothing of the young branchlets. Sleumer (Bot, Jahrb. 71: 416. 1941) fails to
mention V. exul, but gives Nyasaland and the Transvaal as the area for V.
africanum,
I agree with Hutchinson that there appears to be nothing except the indumen-
tum to separate V. exul from V. africanum, and that this is not of specific signifi-
cance. However the difference, such as it is, appears to be very constant, and I
believe that V, africanum should be treated as a variant of V. exul, Comparative
diagnoses may be helpful:
V. exul (typicum); ramuli juveniles, petioli et costae subtus manifeste et
densiuscule pubescentes, Transvaal.
V. exul var. africanum; ramuli juveniles, petioli et costae glabri vel valde
minute et inconspicue puberuli. Nyasaland.
MY RSINACEAE
Maesa lanceolata Forsk. Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. CVI, 66. 1775; Mez, Pflanzenreich
9(47**): 26, 1902.
Zomba District: Zomba Plateau, frequent on rain-forest borders, tree 5-7 m.
high, flowers greenish-white, 1450 m., June 3, 1946, 16179. North Nyasa Dis-
trict: Nyika Plateau, occasional on edges of montane forest of escarpment, tree
6-8 m, high, fruit immature, 2200 m., Aug. 17, 1946, 17290. Cholo District: Cholo
Mountain, occasional in secondary rain-forest, tree 8-10 m. high, flowers white,
native name (Chinyanja) ndiasongwe, 1200 m., Sept. 25, 1946, 17804, Widespread
in tropical Africa, extending to South Africa, Madagascar, and Arabia,
Maesa sp.
Mlanje District: Mlanje Mountain; Luchenya Plateau, common on foresteedges,
tree to 10 m. high and 25 cm, in diameter, fruit green, 1890 m., July 6, 1946,
16699,
Near M. lanceolata Forsk. but with larger fruits 5 C
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