QUEENSLAND MUSEUM NETWORK Bicentenary of Ludwig Leichhardt: Contributions to Australia's Natural History in honour of his scientific work exploring Australia • Edited by Barbara Baehr MEMOIRS OFTHE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM I NATURE ISSN 0079-8835 Brisbane I 10 October 2013 Queensland Government Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature Volume 58 Minister: The Honourable Ian Walker MP, Minister for Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts CEO & Director: S. Miller, BSc (Hons), PhD, FGS, F Min Soc, FAIMM, FGSA Editor in Chief: J.N.A. Hooper, PhD Managing Editor: S.M. Verschoore, BA Issue Editor: B. Baehr, PhD Subject Editors: G.B. Monteith PhD, P.J.F. Davie BSc, A. Rozefelds PhD PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE BOARD 10 OCTOBER 2013 Queensland Government © The State of Queensland, Queensland Museum 2013 PO Box 3300, South Brisbane Qld 4101, Australia Phone 61 3840 7555 Fax 61 7 38461226 www.qm.qld.gov.au National Library of Australia card number ISSN 0079-8835 COVER: Montage of Leichhardt with Opopaea ulrichi, Leichhardt's Hishimonus , Leichhart's Hautenerus, Mysmenn leichhardti sp. nov., Coptoglossus leichhardti sp. nov., Denhnminna Leichhardti, Pseudotyrannochthonius leichhardti sp. nov., Paradiscogaster leichhardti sp. nov., Kanekonia queenslandica, Leichhardteus conopalis, Leichhardtithrips evanidus, Denhamiana laetifica, Onthophagns leichhardti sp. nov. Leichhardt's Hautenerus and far left Marathonichthys coyleorum gen. et sp. nov. Design & layout by Sarah Verschoore NOTE Papers published in this volume and in all previous volumes of the Memoirs of the Queensland Museum may be reproduced for scientific research, individual study or other educational purposes. Properly acknowledged quotations may be made but queries regarding the republication of any papers should be addressed to the director. Copies of the journal can be purchased from the Queensland Museum Shop. A Guide to Authors is available from the Queensland Museum website: www.qm.qld.gov.au/ About+Us/ Publications/ Memoirs+of+the+Queensland+Museum A Queensland Government Project Typeset at the Queensland Museum Printed by Watson, Ferguson & Co. 655 Toohey Road, Salisbury Qld 4107 FOREWORD (English translation follows) Naturforscher in Australien 1813-1848(7) Ich freue inich, dass mit diesem Buch an meinen Ur-Ur-GroBonkel Ludwig Leichhardt erinnert wird. Hierdurch erhalt sein Lebenswerk nicht nur einen festen Platz in den Lehrbiichern. Auch die Ideale und Werte, die ihn antrieben, werden dadurch geehrt — die bisweilen entbehrliche und gefahrvolle Suche nach Wahrheit, exakter Wissenschaft und seine groBe Neugier auf Entdeckungen. Auch in unserer Familie wurde immer wieder an unseren Vorfahren Ludwig Leichhardt erinnert. Von klein auf wuchs ich in dem Bewusstsein auf, dass er ein ganz besonderer Mensch gewesen ist. In der Schule stiefi mich mein Erdkundelehrer auf meinen Verwandten, der die groBe weite Welt entdecken wollte und auf einem fernen Kontinent abenteuerliche Expeditionen durchflihrte. Die Eckdaten des Lebens Ludwig Leichhardts, und insbesondere das Ratsel um sein Verschwinden beschaftigten mich mein Leben lang: 1813 wurde mein GroBonkel in Trebatsch geboren, einem kleinen Ort etwa 100 Kilometer sudOstlich von Berlin. Nach Abitur und Studium verlieB er PreuBen. Er besuchte zunachst verschiedene europaische Lander. 1842 reiste er dann nach Australien. Dort leitete er verschiedene Expeditionen durch damals noch vollig unerforschte Territorien. Von seiner dritten Expedition, die im Jahr 1848 begann, kehrte er nicht wieder zuriick. Bis heute liegen Verlauf und der Ausgang dieser letzten Expedition im Dunkeln. Fur viele Menschen und auch fur mich ist dies ein trauriges Faszinosum. Wie konnte es geschehen, dass Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts eine ganze Expedition mit Lasttieren, Tragem, Instrumenten, Unterlagen und Forschern verschwinden konnte und bis heute keine Spuren dieser Expedition gefunden worden sind? Dieses traurige Faszinosum lasst die Lebensgeschichte von Ludwig Leichhardt als unvollendet erscheinen. Es erinnert mich insofern an Forschungen uberhaupt, die zwar Fortschritte und Entdeckungen feiern, aber nie ein Ende nehmen. Und so ist es fur mich auch nur konsequent, dass Ludwig Leichhardts Arbeit — seine unermiidliche Suche nach neuen Entdeckungen und das Uberwinden von Widrigkeiten aller Art — von anderen Forschern fortgesetzt wird. Ahnlich wie heutige Forscher kann ich natiirlich nicht unmittelbar an das Leben von Ludwig Leichhardt ankniipfen. Doch habe ich mir die Aufgabe gestellt, immer wieder an ihn zu erinnern. Daher arbeite ich mit der Gesellschaft Ludwig Leichhardt zusammen, die sich der Pflege der Ei innerung an meinen GroBonkel gewidmet hat. Sie unterhalt beispielsweise ein kleines Museum in Trebatsch. Ich nehme an Veranstaltungen teil, wie den Feiern zum 200. Geburtstag meines GroBonkels. Im Laufe meines Lebens war ich auch in Australien: Ich muss gestehen, dass ich nicht mit einer Expedition 'in den Busch' gezogen bin, um nach meinem GroBonkel zu suchen oder seinen damaligen Weg nachzuvollziehen. Stattdessen habe ich mich auch dort an Seminaren beteiligt und von meiner Heimat erzahlt, die ja auch die Heimat Ludwig Leichhardts war. Ich habe von den hier statt findenden Forschungsarbeiten zum Leben meines GroBonkels berichtet und von der hiesigen Erinnerungskultur. Viele Teilnehmer an den Veranstaltungen und Seminaren haben mir berichtet, dass meine BeitrSge diesen Veranstaltungen einen gewissen Hauch 'des Originalen, des Authentischen" gaben, fast so, als wurde der Geist Ludwig Leichhardts prasent sein. Ich bin froh dartiber, dass ich auf diese Art an der Erinnerung an meinen GroBonkel mitwirken kann. Bis heute bewundere ich meinen GroBonkel fur den Mut, aus einer obrigkeitsstaatlichen Gesellschaft mit all ihrem Druck, ihren Versprechungen und Gewohnheiten auszubrechen und sich auf den Weg zu machen zu einem fremden Kontinent. Natiirlich kann ich nicht fur mich in Anspruch nehmen, in aller Tiefe zu ermessen, wie es fur einen Menschen Mitte des 19 Jahrhunderts gewesen ist, seine Heimat zu verlassen und eine vollig unbekannte Welt zu erkunden. Jedoch habe ich aus erhaltenen schriftlichen Zeugnissen Ludwig Leichhardts von Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 i I seinem Forscherdrang und den Schwierigkeiten seiner Arbeit erfahren. Sein Bruch mit den damaligen Konventionen war voller Mtihen: Geldgeber waren zu uberzeugen, um die Expeditionen zu finanzieren, die Natur Australiens erwies sich als zum Teil (iberaus feindlich und an vielen Stellen mussten die Teilnehmer der Expedition iiberredet werden, in eine bestimmte Richtung weiterzuziehen. Ein Entdecker zu sein hatte offensichtlich seinen Preis. Ich kann es mir nicht anders vorstellen, als dass nur ein Mensch mit einem starken Charakter und mit Durchsetzungswillen diesen Preis zahlen konnte. Durch die tiberlieferten schriftlichen Zeugnisse wurde mir aber auch offenbar, welchen Reiz das Entdecken fur Ludwig Leichhardt hatte und wie sehr er die Schonheit Australiens bewunderte. Ich verstehe die Benennungen von Gattungen und Arten nach meinem GroGonkel durch die Forschung als Ehrung seines Andenkens wie auch als einen Bezug auf seinen Geist des Entdeckertums. Das Privileg der Forscher, eine Gattung oder Art benennen zu dlirfen, macht mich in gewisser Weise staunen: In dieser Welt, in der wir alles zu kennen glauben, derer wir Menschen manchmal so iiberdrussig scheinen, dass wir schon den Mars erkunden, soli es noch Lebewesen geben, die noch kein menschliches Auge bewusst als verschieden von anderen Lebewesen wahrgenommen hat? Fast wahne ich mich wie zu Zeiten meines GroGonkels. Die "weiGen Flecken" in der Flora und Fauna scheinen kleiner geworden zu sein. Aber es gibt sie immer noch! Wenn Forscher heute fur ihre Entdeckung en den Namen meines GroGonkels wahlen, so stellen sie sich in seine Tradition. Sie bestatigen den vielen Menschen innewohnenden Wunsch und Drang, Neues zu entdecken, zu forschen und zu Erkenntnissen zu kommen. In diesem Sinne weiG ich mich durch den Namen meines GroGonkels, der auch der meinige und nunmehr der Name dieser Gattungen und Arten ist, mit der Tradition des Entdeckertums und den heutigen Forschungen verbunden. Ich wunsche diesem Buch viel Erfolg und den daran beteiligten Forschem weiterhin Inspiration durch die Arbeit meines GroGonkels und natiirlich viele weitere Entdeckungen! Ludwig Leichhardt, Explorer and Naturalist 1813-1848(7) I am pleased that my great-great uncle, Ludwig Leichhardt, will be remembered with this special issue of the Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. His lifeworks will not only have a place in textbooks, but his morals, ideals and motivations will be recorded — including his search for honest science and his curiosity for exploration. Our family has always remembered Ludwig Leichhardt, and we often think of him. As a young boy I knew that Leichhardt was a special man. Even when I was at school, my geography teacher approached me about this relative of mine, who wanted to explore the world, and who led a famous expedition in a faraway continent. It has been my life-long hobby to study the life of Leichhardt, especially his mysterious disappearance. Leichhardt was bom in 1813 in Trebatsch, a small town about 100 km south-west of Berlin. Once he completed his educational studies, Leichhardt visited several European countries. In 1842 Leichhardt embarked on his first trip to Australia, where he was to lead several expeditions through uncharted territories. It was during Leichhardt's third and final Australian expedition in 1848, that he was to mysteriously vanish. Even to this day it is unclear how or where Leichhardt disappeared, and this remains a sad fascination. How could it be that during the middle of the 19th Century a group of explorers with instruments, luggage, maps etc. could just disappear without a trace? Because of this, the life story of Ludwig Leichhardt will always remain incomplete. It reminds me of the study of science — science continues to develop and celebrate discovery, but never seems to have an end. I have no doubt that the research and discoveries of Ludwig Leichhardt formed an important base to inspire and encourage the many explorers that followed, in much the way that science continues to build on the studies of earlier great men. Obviously you cannot compare the life of Ludwig Leichhardt to modern explorers; however I have made a promise to myself that I will always remember him. Therefore, I have decided to ii Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 work with the Ludwig Leichhardt Society which is dedicated to studying the life of this great explorer. The Ludwig Leichhardt Society founded a small Museum dedicated to Ludwig Leichhardt in Trebatsch, and it is here that I will take part in the 200th birthday celebrations for my great-great uncle. During my life I have also visited Australia; however, I have to admit that I did not go on an expedition into the 'bush' to search for my ancestor, or to try and follow his foot¬ steps. Instead I spent my time at seminars and spoke about my hometown, which was also Ludwig Leichhardt s hometown. I spoke about his research, and about the commemorative culture that surrounds his story. Many participants at the seminars have told me that my contributions and recountings at these events gave a certain authenticity and human form to their image of Ludwig Leichhardt — as if I were a modern version of him. I enjoy this image of myself, as it also contributes to my personal connection to him. 1 have always admired my great-great uncle for his courage, to break away from his obedient German society, and his comfortable life, and make his way into unknown territory. Of course I cannot completely understand how a person from the 19th century felt when leaving his hometown to discover the world, however, I have several accounts from his memoirs of the difficulties he faced. What fascinates me was his courage to break out of the conservative image of the 19th century — saving money to fund an expedition into unknown territory and to persuade his fellow companions to come with him. Obviously there was a high price to be paid for being an explorer, and only a person with a strong personality could meet this challenge. However, through the documents and accounts I have of Ludwig Leichhardt, I can understand his desire to explore the beauty of Australia. I appreciate that the species named after my great-great uncle are a way of remembering him and his discoveries. The privilege of having scientists name genera and species 'blows me away' — especially the knowledge that in our modern culture, where we believe everything is known, we can still find creatures that no one else has recognised before. It is almost like in the times of my great-great uncle. In choosing to honour the name of my ancestor, scientists are ackowledging a shared desire to discover and explore Australia's unique biodiversity. By sharing my great-great uncle's name, I also feel connected to these new genera and species, ^ rr 6 * rac ^ on exploration and scientific discovery. I wish this book great success, and may the life and work of my great-great uncle continue to inspire exploration and new discoveries. Ludwig Leichhardt (great-great nephew of Ludwig Leichhardt) Berlin, 9 August 2013 (Translated and edited by Ms Ursula Baehr & Dr Barbara Baehr) Ludwig Leichhardt (great-great nephew of Ludwig Leichhardt) Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 DEDICATION This volume is dedicated to the German Explorer Ludwig Leichhardt in commemoration of his 200th birthday. Two other companion Volumes of the Memoirs of the Queensland Museum — Culture 7(1-2) describe his exploits and achievements through his diaries. The present Volume is a taxonomic treatise of zoology dedicated to Ludwig Leichhardt as a natural historian. This project has set a milestone for the Queensland Museum in its ongoing quest to discover new life forms. It includes 18 taxonomic papers, dealing with 21 genera and 155 species, of which 9 genera and 123 species are new to science, most of them from Australia. The new taxa named after Leichhardt were all discovered in Australia, and mainly from Queensland, where he conducted his most successful expedition from Brisbane to Port Essington in 1844-1845. Scientists from the Queensland Museum have led a team of Australian researchers in naming 2 new genera and 16 new species after Ludwig Leichhardt, and 2 new species honouring his colleagues Adolph Classen who was second-in-charge during Leichhardt's final expedition, and Andrew Hume who probably met Adolph Classen after Ludwig Leichhardt's final expedition failed. We are pleased to acknowledge BushBlitz, a national biodiversity discovery partnership between the Australian Government, BHP Billiton and Earthwatch Australia (under the auspices of the Australian Biological Resources Study). BushBlitz has supported this special Leichhardt issue through its Tactical Taxonomy Grant Scheme , and in doing so has expanded our knowledge of Australia's unique biodiversity, in particular: • the revision of the new swift spider genus Leichhardteus with 8 new species, • the description of the two hollow chested goblin spiders Cavisternum gillespieae and Cavistemum leichhardti. We thank also the National Science Foundation's PBI (Planetary Biodiversity Inventory) program provided through grant DEB-0613754 supporting the revision of the jelly bean goblin spider genus Opopaea. Both projects provided support for the description of 113 species of which 96 are new to science. Dr Barbara Baehr, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, September 2013 IV Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 A new species of the genus Coptoglossus Chaudoir from Australia (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini) Martin BAEHR Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munchhausenstrasse. 21, D-81247 Munchen, Germany. Email: martin.baehr@zsm.mwn.de: Citation: Baehr, M. 2013 10 10: A new species of the genus Coptoglossus Chaudoir from Australia (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum - Nature 58:1-6. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. Accepted: 31 May 2013. ABSTRACT As a supplement to the recent revision of the Australian lebiine genus Coptoglossus Chaudoir by the author, an additional new species, Coptoglossus leichhardti sp. nov., is described from Queensland, Australia, and incorporated into the most recent key to the genus. □ Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Coptoglossus, new species, Australia, key to species. During a recent visit to the Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, I found among the extensive unidentified carabid material two specimens of an apparently undescribed species of the lebiine genus Coptoglossus Chaudoir, 1869 from south-eastern Queensland. Comparison with all described species of the genus corroborated this suggestion. Its description below is to be regarded as a supplement to mv recent revision of the genus (Baehr 2012). Baehr (2012) recognised the following four species in Coptoglossus: C. sulcatulus Chaudoir, 1869, C. porphyriacus (Sloane, 1910), C. carteri (Sloane, 1915), and C. excisicollis Baehr, 2012. Due to its rarity in collections the genus has been little documented, and its systematic position in either the Lebiini or the Platynini has been at issue (Baehr 2012). In the meantime the genus has been regarded as a basal one in the lebiine subtribe Pericalina. MATERIALS AND METHODS Measurements were taken using a stereo microscope with an ocular micrometer. Length has been measured from apex of labrum to apex of elytra. Length of pronotum was measured from the most advanced part of apex to the most advanced part of base. Width of base of pronotum was measured at the position of the posterior lateral seta. Length of elytra was measured from the most advanced part of humerus to the very apex. For comparison, measurements and ratios of the other species of Coptoglossus are repeated. For dissection of the female genitalia the specimen was softened for a night in a jar under moist atmosphere, then the genitalia were removed and subsequently cleaned for a short while in hot KOH. Habitus photographs were taken with a digital camera using ProgRes CapturePro 2.6 and AutoMontage and subsequently were worked with Corel Photo Paint X4. The holotype of the new species is in Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra (ANIC), the paratype in the working collection of the author in Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munchen (CBM). SYSTEMATICS Genus Coptoglossus Chaudoir Coptoglossus Chaudoir, 1869: 124. - Baehr 2012: 86. For additional references see Baehr (2012). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 • www.qm.qld.gov.au 1 Baehr, M. Type. Coptoglossus sulcatulus Chaudoir, 1869, by monotypy. Diagnosis. A genus of the tribe (or subfamily) Lebiini (-inae), and the subtribe Pericalina, characterised by almost uniformly black, dark piceous, or slightly violaceous colour, rather depressed eyes, complete and deep elytra striae and convex intervals, barely excised apex of the elytra, and tarsal claws not denticulate. A more detailed diagnosis is in Baehr (2012). Distribution. Eastern Australia from eastern Victoria to south-eastern Queensland and inland as far as the Bunya Mountains.. Coptoglossus leichhardti sp. nov. (Figs 1-3) Etymology. The name is a patronym in honour of Ludwig Leichhardt, the famous German explorer of inland Queensland who started his major expedition near the Bunya Mountains. These mountains would have been in view to the north during the first weeks of his expedition in September 1844 as his party moved across the Darling Downs gathering equipment and supplies from the early settlers.Two other Australian Carabidae bear his name: Pseudillaphanus leichhardti Giachino 2005 and Dystrichothorax leichardtetisis Baehr 2006. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: $, AUSTRALIA, Qld Bunya Mt. 26.52 S - 141.40 E / 11.12.82; E-Y: AU-63 logs and bark, Endroedy-Younga (AN1C). PARATYPE: 1$, same data as holotype (CBM). Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other species, except the small C. sulcatulus Chaudoir which has an exceptionally wide prothorax, by lesser body size and comparatively wide basis of the rather parallel-sided, barely cordiform pronotum. Further distinguished from the most similar species C. carteri (Sloane) by shorter antenna. Description. Measurements. Length: S.2-8.4 mm; width: 3.35-3.4 mm. Ratios. Width/ length of pronotum: 1.29-1.32; width of widest diameter/base of pronotum: 1.09-1.11; width of pronotum/width of head: 1.18-1.21; length/ width of elytra: 1.48-1.52. Colour (Fig. 1). Black, in the para type reddish- piceous, probably due to immaturity; head in the holotype very dark piceous; pronotum and elytra with very indistinct, narrow. reddish margin; labrum, mandibles, palpi, and antennae reddish-piceous. Legs dark brown to almost black, but knees and tarsi slightly lighter. Lower surface in middle reddish- piceous, laterally darker, almost black. Head (Fig. 2). Rather elongate (in group), eye comparatively small, laterally moderately protruded, orbit rather short, oblique- convex. Clypeus comparatively elongate and trapezoidal, apical margin of labrum very slightly sinuate. Mandibles elongate. Frontal furrows short and shallow, anterio- median part of frons with a slightly triangular impression. Antennae comparatively short, surpassing the base of the pronotum by at most two antennomeres, 6 th and 7 th antennomeres c. 1.5 x as long as wide. Posterior supraorbital seta situated at about posterior margin of eye. Surface of head here and there with traces of extremely fine, very superficial, isodiametric microreticulation; very fine punctures but no pilosity visible, surface glossy. Pronotum (Fig. 2). Fairly wide, distinctly wider than head, widest slightly in front of middle. Apex moderately excised, anterior angles slightly produced but rounded at tip; lateral margin anteriorly convex, in basal half slightly oblique and almost straight. Base in middle straight, laterally rather oblique, basal angle obtusely angulate, about 100°, laterad not produced. Apex not margined except near angles, base laterally rather coarsely margined, in middle not perceptibly margined. Lateral margin anteriorly narrow, moderately widened towards base, margin upturned, marginal channel rather deep, posteriad explanate. Disk slightly convex, median line rather deep and almost complete, anterior transverse sulcus moderately deep, posterior transverse sulcus deep. Anterior lateral seta inserted behind apical third, slightly in front of widest diameter, seta slightly removed from margin. Posterior lateral seta inserted at basal angle. Surface with many fine, shallow, more or less distinct, slightly irregular, transverse strioles, with extremely fine and superficial, slightly transverse microreticulation which is difficult to recognise between the strioles, and with very fine punctures and extremely short,almost 2 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Coptoglossus leichhardti sp. nov. TABLE 1. Measurements and ratios of all described species of Coptoglossus. 1 ,body length in mm; w/1 pr, width/length of pronotum; d/b pr, width widest diameter/base of pronotum; pr/h, width pronotum/head; 1/w el, length/ width of elytra. Species No. of spms 1 w/1 pr d/b pr pr/h 1/w el sulcatulus 5 6A-6.6 1.46-1.48 1.14-1.17 1.13-1.16 1.43-1.47 porphyriacus 5 9.1-10.6 1.24-1.25 1.14-1.18 1.11-1.14 1.58-1.61 excisicollis 5 12.4-13.9 1.14-1.18 1.28-1.35 1.25-1.30 1.42-1.43 carteri 6 8.9-10.6 1.28-1.30 1.13-1.20 1.23-1.28 1.47-1.51 | leichhardti 2 8.2-8.4 1.29-1.32 1.09-1.11 1.18-1.21 1.48-1.52 erect pilosity, barely perceptible, even under very high magnification; surface fairly glossy. Elytra (Fig. 3). Rather short and wide, barely widened towards apical third, dorsal surface moderately convex. Humerus widely rounded, lateral margin very slightly convex, apex oblique, barely sinuate, incurved towards suture. Lateral channel moderately wide, lateral margin slightly upturned. Striae deep, at bottom not or barely crenulate, intervals convex. Anterior discal puncture located at 3 r stria, both median and posterior punctures in middle of 3 rd interval. 12-13 marginal punctures present, series widely interrupted in middle. Setae of different length but some very elongate. Microreticulation on intervals very fine and dense, markedly transverse, punctures extremely fine and barely recognisable, pilosity very short and only recognisable at very high magnification and in lateral view, slightly declined; surface moderately dull but somewhat sericeous. Lower surface . Metepistemum moderately elong¬ ate, c. 1.75 x as long as wide at apex. Terminal abdominal sternum in the female quadrisetose. Microreticulation extremely fine, on thorax slightly more superficial than on abdomen, isodiametric to slightly transverse. Legs. Rather elongate. 5 th tarsomeres with a pair of fine setae on the lower surface. Tarsal claws large, edentate. Squamosity of male protarsus unknown. Male genitalia. Unknown. Female gonocoxites (Fig. 3). Gonocoxite 1 large and elongate, asetose at the apical rim; gonocoxite 2 comparatively short, curved, with acute apex; with a large, elongate dorso-median ensiform seta and two stout but elongate ventro-lateral ensiform setae; apparently without a nematiform subapical seta although the basal pit is present. Variation. Little variation noted, except for colour, but the paratype may not be fully coloured. Distribution. Bunya Mountains in south¬ eastern Queensland. Collecting circumstances. The two known specimens were collected at, or under, "logs arid bark". Relationships. On the basis of body shape and surface structure it is probably closest to C. carteri (Sloane), but in the absence of male genitalia this status has to be verified. REVISED KEY TO THE SPECIES OF COPTOGLOSSUS For convenience, figure numbers from Baehr (2012) are cited as Baehr/fig x. 1. Small species, body length <7 mm; pronotum wide, ratio width/length >1.45; eye large and laterally well projected (Baehr/ fig. 5); aedeagus large and stout, with triangular, symmetric apex (Baehr/fig. 10) . sulcatulas Chaudoir, 1869 — Larger species, body length >8 m; pronotum narrower, ratio width/length <1.32 (Fig. 2; Baehr/figs 6-9); eye varied but when large and strongly projecting laterally, elytra with distinct violaceous tinge (Baehr/fig. 3); aedeagus either narrower, or with differently shaped, not triangular or asymmetric apex (Baehr/figs 11-13), or unknown.2. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 3 Baehr, M. 2. Very large species, body length >12 mm; pronotum narrow, with short but deep excision in front of basal angle, also apex deeply excised and apical angle markedly protruding (Baehr/fig. 9); elytra short and wide, perceptibly oval with dorsal surface convex (Baehr/fig. 4); aedeagus very stout and high, with somewhat lancet- shaped apex (Baehr/fig. 13); gonocoxite 2 very narrow and elongate (Baehr/fig. 17) . excisicollis Baehr, 2012 — Smaller species, body length <10.6 mm; pronotum wider, lateral margin barely excised in front of basal angle, apex less deeply excised and apical angle much less protruding (Fig. 2; Baehr/figs 6-8); either elytra short and wide but not oval¬ shaped, and more depressed (Fig. 1; Baehr/ fig. 3), or elytra dorsally convex but much longer and narrower, and rather parallel¬ sided (Baehr/fig. 2); aedeagus less stout and high, with asymmetrically triangular or spoon-shaped apex (Baehr/figs 11, 12), or unknown; gonocoxite 2 short and stout (Fig. 3; Baehr/figs 15,16).3. 3. Elytra black, short and wide and rather depressed, ratio length/width <1.52 (Fig. 1, Baehr/fig. 3); eye in both sexes moderately protruded laterally (Fig. 2; Baehr/fig. 8); aedeagus less stout, with asymmetrically tri¬ angular apex (Baehr/fig. 12), or unknown.. 4. — Elytra distinctly violaceous, narrow and elongate, dorsally convex, ratio length/width >1.6 (Baehr/fig. 2); eye in male laterally well protruded (Baehr/fig. 6); aedeagus stouter, with wide, spoon-shaped apex (Baehr/fig. 11). porphyriacus (Sloane, 1910) 4. Body size larger, >8.9 mm, usually larger; base of pronotum narrower as compared with widest diameter, ratio width of diameter/base >1.13, usually more; eye less protruded, orbits longer and less oblique (Baehr/fig. 8); median antennomeres almost twice as long as wide; aedeagus as in Baehr/fig. 12 . carteri (Sloane, 1915) — Body size smaller, <8.4 mm; base of pronotum wider as compared with widest diameter, ratio width of diameter/base <1.11; eye more protruded, orbits shorter and more oblique (Fig. 2); median antennomeres 1.5 x as long as wide; aedeagus unknown ..leichlwrdti sp. nov. Remarks. As discussed in Baehr (2012) the genus Coptoglossus belongs in the lebiine subtribe Pericalina, in the sense of Lorenz (2005), although in that catalogue it was still placed in the tribe Platynini. Indeed, due to the non-denticulate tarsal claws, the not or barely excised apex of the elytra, and the appearance of the body it is understandable why the genus was included in Platynini by several previous authors. All these character states are plesiomorphic ones within the tribe Lebiini and rather similar in many genera of Platynini. The structure of the labrum and of the female gonocoxites reveal that the genus belongs in the lebiine subtribe Pericalini, but due to a number of plesiomorphic character states its position must be right at the base of this subtribe. Therefore the genus certainly belongs among the most plesiotypic lebiine genera (if plesiotypic means a short distance to the base of the phylogenetic tree of the group). Grouping of the new species within the genus is still difficult, because the squamosity of the male protarsus is unknown. The genus divides into two groups, one, including C. sulcatulus and C. porphyriacus, possesses biseriately squamose protarsi which is the plesiomorphic state, whereas C. carteri and C. excisicollis possess uniseriately squamose protarsi. In view of its overall similarity to C. carteri, C. leichhardti may belong to the second group. Specimens of Coptoglossus still are very rare in collections, and it is unknown why they are so rarely collected. Accordingly, little information is available about their habitat preferences and almost nothing is known about their habits and life histories. The few recorded collecting circumstances are quite different and include Malaise and intercept trapping as well as bark fogging of logs and trunks, and collecting from or under logs. But almost all recorded localities seem to be located in rain forest, either (montane) subtropical rain forest or temperate and upland Nothofagus rain forest. It seems, thus, that the species of this genus probably live on or under the bark of trees and logs. The other four species of the genus all have a rather wide range which in some extends 4 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Coptoglossus leichhardti sp. nov. FIG. 1. Coptoglossus leichhardti sp. nov. Habitus of the paratype, body length 8.4 mm. from south-eastern Victoria to south-eastern Queensland. The ranges of most species widely overlap and at certain localities two species have been found to occur sympatrically or even syntopically. Coptoglossus leichhardti occurs in an area from which both C. sulcatulus and C. carteri have been recorded, How these quite similarly sized and shaped species avoid competition is unknown. FIG. 2. Coptoglossus leichhardti sp. nov. Head and prothorax of the paratype. FIG. 3. Coptoglossus leichhardti sp. nov. Female gonocoxite 2 of the holotype. Scale bar: 0.1 mm. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 5 Baehr, M. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to Cate Lemann and Tom Weir (ANIC Canberra) for the kind loan of the specimens. Thank you to Geoff Monteith who edited the paper in detail. I am indebted to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for grant BA 856/11-1 which supported the author's visit toANIC. LITERATURE CITED Baehr, M. 2012. The genus Coptoglossus Chaudoir in eastern Australia (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiinae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum - Nature 56: 85-98. Chaudoir, M. de, 1869. Memoire sur les Thyreopterides. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 12. 113-162. 6 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Two new monotypic genera of Queensland millipedes (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) Robert MESIBOV Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, 2 Invermay Road, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia. Email: mesibov@southcom.com.au Citation: Mesibov, R. 2013 10 10: Two new monotypic genera of Queensland millipedes (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum-Nature 58: 7-13. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. Accepted: 5 April 2013. ABSTRACT Eungellosoma gen. nov. is erected for E. leichhardti sp. nov. and Binarcifer gen. nov. for B. superbus sp. nov. Both new species have a gonopod telopodite deeply divided into branches and are here placed in Australiosomatinae: Australiosomatini. □ Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae, Queensland, Australia. Queensland has a diverse fauna of paradoxosomatid millipedes, with 31 described and at least 200 undescribed species (Mesibov, 2008). In 2006-07, the undescribed species known to date were sorted into coded taxa (e.g. genus QA, species QA1) by the author and Catherine Car. Among these undescribed species are Australiosomatini with the gonopod acropodite deeply divided into branches and obvious (although reduced) paranota. Some of the new species clearly belong in genera already known from Queensland: Cladethosoma Chamberlin, 1920, Heterodadosoma Jeekel, 1968, Parnustraliosomn Verhoeff, 1924, Phyllodadosoma Jeekel, 1968 and Streptodadosoma Jeekel, 1980. Other species just as clearly represent novel lineages, and in this paper I describe two particularly interesting Australiosomatini for which new generic names are needed. I suspect that both new genera will lose their monotypic status when Queensland's rich millipede fauna has been more thoroughly sampled. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens are stored in 75% ethanol in the Queensland Museum. Photomicrographs were taken with a Canon EOS 1000D digital SLR camera mounted on a Nikon SMZ800 binocular dissecting microscope equipped with a beam splitter. The photomicrographs in the figures are manually stacked composites, processed with Zerene Stacker 1.04 software. Measurements of dissected specimens were made with the same microscope using an eyepiece scale. Preliminary gonopod drawings on graph paper were made using an eyepiece grid at 160X on a binocular microscope. Collection data is given below as seen on specimen labels, with additional information in brackets; the latitude/longitude datum is WGS84. Abbreviations: Qld = Queensland; QM = Queensland Museum, Brisbane. SYSTEMATICS Order Polydesmida Pocock, 1887 Suborder Strongylosomatidea Brolemann, 1916 Family Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 Subfamily Australiosomatinae Brolemann, 1916 Tribe Australiosomatini Brolemann, 1916 Eungellosoma gen. nov. Type species. Eungellosoma leidihardti sp. nov., by present designation. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 • www.qm.qld.gov.au 7 Mesibov Etymology. For the Eungella district in Queensland, and -soma (from Greek 'body'), commonly used as a suffix in genus names for Paradoxosomatidae; neuter gender. Diagnosis. Genus in Australiosomatinae: Australiosomatini with reduced but obvious paranota; gonopod acropodite divided at mid¬ length into four distally directed processes and a lateral tab; prostatic groove looping from anterior to posterior across base of tab before entering solenomere; central process laminate, cradling tip of solenomere, and with thin sub¬ process arising from distal margin of process curving medially and distally. Remarks. Eungellosomn leicklmrdti sp. nov. shares a prostatic groove looping on a short tab with species in two other genera of Australiosomatinae: Australodesmus Chamberlin, 1920 and Dicladosomella Jeekel, 1982. In both genera the paranota are reduced but obvious, and Jeekel (1968) at first placed Australodesmus in Australiosomatini. He later decided it was more closely related to genera in Antichiropodini Brolemann, 1916 (Jeekel, 1979), but recognised that the indirect course of the groove made Australodesmus unique in that tribe. The tab is medial in Australodesmus and lateral in Dicladosomella and Eungellosoma, and in Eungellosoma the loop crosses the base of the tab, rather than the tip as in the other two genera. In general form, the Eungellosoma telopodite resembles that of Gigantowales Verhoeff, 1937 (Australiosomatini) in that the acropodite breaks up at mid-length into four distally directed processes, but the prostatic groove in Gigantowales runs more or less straight to the base of the solenomere, and there is no lateral tab. Eungellosoma leicklmrdti sp. nov. (Figs 1-3, 7, 8) Etymology. For Ludwig Leichhardt (1813-71848), naturalist and explorer; adjective. Material Examinied. Holotype: Male, Dalrymple Road, Eungella National Park, Qld, 21°02'S 148°36'E, 29 July - 4 December 1992, R. Raven, P. and E. Lawless and M. Shaw, QM pitfall NQ39, rainforest, QM S74955; dissected. (Elevation ca 950 m a.s.l., estimated uncertainty ±1 km.) Paratypes: 2 males. Upper Cattle Creek, Eungella, Qld, 21°02'S 148°36'E, 17 November 1992, G. Monteith, G. Thompson, D. Cook and H. Janetzki, QM S74954; dissected. (Location listed as 21°01'41"S 148°36'n"E in the QM Entomology database; ca 950 m a.s.l., estimated uncertainty ±500 m.) Other material examined. None. Description. Somatic features. Length ca 17 mm; midbody rings with maximum vertical diameter ca 1.5 mm, maximum width including paranota ca 1.7 mm. Colour of paratypes in alcohol medium reddish brown, darker anteriorly, with lighter paranota; legs, epiproct and antennal tips pale yellow. Holotype light brown above, fading to pale yellow beneath; anterior and posterior metatergal margins each marked with narrow, dark brown line. Head slightly narrower than collum; vertex and frons sparsely setose, clypeus lightly setose; vertigial sulcus clearly defined to level of top of antennal sockets; postantennal groove shallow; sockets separated by l.Ox socket diameter. Antenna reaching just past tergite 3 when stretched; antennomere 6 widest; relative antennomere lengths (2, 3, 6) >(4, 5). Collum in dorsal view with anterior margin nearly straight and posterior margin very slightly emarginate; smoothly rounded laterally with no trace of posterior angle. Relative ring widths 6 >5 >(4, collum) >(2, 3); ring widths 6-16 about equal. Diplosegments (Figs 1, 2) with pronounced waist, narrow zone anterior to metatergite with cellular structure, suture inconspicuous; metazonite smooth, prozonite with very faint polygonal microsculpture. Tergites with distinct transverse furrow, not extending laterally as far as paranota. A few setae in transverse row on metatergite, midway between transverse furrow and anterior metatergal margin. Pleural keels present as small but detectable bulges on rings 2-4. Lateral margin of ring 2 paranotum well below lateral collum margin and ring 3 paranotum; slightly upturned laterally with rectangular anterior comer. Distinct but much- reduced paranota on rings 3-17, in dorsal view (Fig. 1) very slightly convex laterally, not extending past posterior metatergal margin, with narrow, shallow dorsal sulcus; paranotum just above mid-height in lateral view (Fig. 2). Pore formula 5, 7, 9,10,12,13,15-19; ozopores 8 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Two new Queensland millipedes FIGS 1-6. Eungellosoma leichhardti sp. nov., paratype ex QM S74954 (1-3), Binarcifer superbus sp. nov., holotype, QM S75043 (4-6). Mid body rings in dorsal view (1,4) and lateral view (2, 5), and dorsal views of epiproct (3, 6). Scale bars in (1) and (4) = 0.5 mm; remaining figures not to same scale. round, opening laterally on paranotum at between 1/2 and 2/3 of paranotum length from anterior margin. Spiracles well-separated on diplosegments; both spiracles subcylindrical and protruding, with fine surface texture (not resolvable with optical microscopy). Sternites a little wider than long, not setose, transverse impressions deeper than longitudinal. Rounded-trapezoidal lamella between legs 4 on ring 5. Paired tufts of sparse setae between legs 5, paired tufts of shorter setae between legs 7. Legs slender, length at midbody ca 1.3x times ring height; relative podomere lengths at midbody femur >tarsus >prefemur >(postfemur, tibia). Anterior legs without setal brushes on tarsi; medial surface of leg 1 femur with very small, short, finger-like process. Preanal ring with only a few marginal setae. Epiproct (Fig. 3) with tip truncate, posterior and lateral setal papillae slightly produced; spinnerets in square array. Hypoproct trapezoidal. Gonopods. Gonocoxa short, stout, tapering distally, setose anteriorly; emerging from aperture with anterior rim produced and thickened as rounded ridge. Telopodite (Figs 7, 8) straight, reaching base of leg 7 when retracted; base densely setose on posteromedial surface. Telopodite with con¬ striction just distal to base on lateral surface, clearly separating setose prefemoral portion from bare acropodite. Acropodite expanded distally, divided at half telopodite height into short lateral tab and four processes, a-d. Process a arises from anteromedial surface; thin, sharply pointed, gently curved posteriorly. Process b arises from posteromedial surface; slightly wider than process a and sharply pointed; sinuous, curving first anteriorly, then posteriorly, then anteromedially to terminate at same height as process a. Process c arises more or less centrally on acropodite just distal to origins of a and b; expanded distally into laminate structure, the lamina tightly curved with medial concavity; distal margin broadly pointed anteriorly, notched laterally. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 9 Mesibov roughly triangular posteriorly, the anterior distal margin terminating at same height as processes a and b; a narrow, flattened, strap¬ like sub-process arising from the distal margin of process c on anterior side of lateral notch, directed posteriorly, then curving medially around anterior portion of laminate process c structure and extending distomedially, term¬ inating in flattened, rounded apex distal and slightly medial to process a and b tips. Process d (= solenomere) arises medial to process c base; a little wider than process a, curving medially 10 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Two new Queensland millipedes between processes a and b, then laterally, then distally, the pointed apex cradled in the process c concavity. Lateral tab directed distolaterally, terminating at about 1/3 the height of process a, roundly pointed, the distal and anterior edges minutely toothed. Cannula prominent; prostatic groove running anterodistally on lateral surface of acropodite to base of lateral tab, looping posteriorly across base of tab, then running medially to enter base of process d, terminating at process d tip. With right and left telopodites in situ, the respective processes b and sub¬ processes of c cross at the midline. Distribution and habitat. So far known only from tropical rainforest in Eungella National Park, Queensland (Fig. 11). Remarks. This species was coded as 'genus QN, species QN1' in the 2006-07 sorting of Queensland Paradoxosomatidae (Mesibov 2008). Binarcifer gen. nov. Type species. Binarcifer superbus sp. nov., by present designation. Etymology. Latin binus ('pair') + Latin arcus ('bow') + Latin fero ('bear'), masculine gender, referring to the paired, bow-like, lateral branches on the gonopod telopodite. Diagnosis. Genus in Australiosomatinae: Australiosomatini with reduced but obvious paranota; gonopod acropodite divided at base above strong constriction into bifurcated lateral branch smoothly curving medially, and sickle-shaped, medially concave medial branch with short, basal, distomedially directed sub¬ branch; solenomere = posterior sub-branch of lateral branch. Remarks. The deep division of the acropodite in Binarcifer superbus sp. nov. into medial and lateral branches, each further divided, is also seen in species of Heterocladosoma Jeekel, 1968 and Hoplatessara Verhoeff, 1928, and in all three genera the solenomere is the posterior-most of the sub¬ branches of the lateral branch. However, the shape and medial curvature of the medial branch in B. superbus sp. nov. is distinctive. In Heterocladosoma and Hoplatessara species the medial branch (or branches) is either straight or directed laterally near the apex. Binarcifer superbus sp. nov. (Figs 4-6, 9,10) Etymology. Latin superbus ('excellent'), adjective; also a reference to the type locality. Material Examined. Holotype: Male, Mt Superbus, Qld, 28°14'S 152°28'E, October 1990 - 24 April 1991, T.B. Churchill, pitfall, QM S75043. (According to advice from T.B. Churchill on 22 March 2013, her collecting site on Mt Superbus was the summit plateau, listed as 28°13'31"S 152°27'17"E in the QM Entomology database; ca 1320 m a.s.l., estimated uncertainty ±1 km.) Paratype: Male, Mt Superbus, Qld, 2 August 1990, T.B. Churchill, night collecting, QM S33346. (Additional data as for holotype.) Other material examined. None. Description. Somatic features. Length ca 20 mm; midbody rings with maximum vertical diameter ca 1.7 mm, maximum width including paranota ca 2 mm. Holotype in alcohol patterned in pale yellow-brown and medium brown: lightest colour dorsally on collum and pro- and metazonites; light laterally on vertex, legs, epiproct and metazonites below paranota; dark around waist, laterally on prozonites, tips of legs and antennae; dark 'mask' around antennal sockets on frons and clypeus. Paratype bleached of colour. Head slightly wider than collum; vertex bare, frons and clypeus sparsely setose; vertigial sulcus clearly defined to level of top of antennal sockets; postantennal groove shallow; sockets separated by 1.2x socket diameter. Antenna reaching tergite 3 when stretched; antennomere 6 widest; relative antennomere lengths (2, 3, 6) >(4, 5). Collum in dorsal view with anterior margin convex and posterior margin very slightly emarginate; lateral margin short, almost straight, with slightly rounded anterior and posterior corners. Relative ring widths 6> 5>(collum 2, 3, 4); ring widths 6-16 about equal. Waist pronounced on diplosegments (Figs 4, 5), with faint longitudinal striations; suture inconspicuous; metazonite smooth, prozonite with very faint polygonal microsculpture. Tergites with distinct transverse furrow, not extending laterally as far as paranota. Pleural keels present as small Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 11 Mesibov bulge on ring 2, barely detectable swellings on rings 3, 4. Lateral margin of ring 2 paranotum well below lateral collum margin and ring 3 paranotum, with rectangular anterior and posterior corners. Distinct but much-reduced paranota on rings 3-18; in dorsal view (Fig. 4) with paranotal margin curving anteromediallv, posterior end of paranotum not extending past posterior metatergal margin, dorsal sulcus barely detectable, paranotum at mid-height in lateral view (Fig. 5). Pore formula 5, 7, 9,10,12, 13,15-19; ozopores round, opening laterally on paranotum at ca 3/4 of paranotum length from anterior margin. Spiracles well-separated on diplosegments; both spiracles slightly protruding, with fine sculpturing (not resolvable with optical microscopy). Sternites as wide as long, lightly setose; impressions very shallow, transverse impressions slightly deeper than longitudinal. Rounded-triangular lamella between legs 4 on ring 5. Legs slender, length at midbody ca 1.5x times ring height; relative podomere lengths at midbody tarsus >femur >(prefemur, tibia) >postfemur. Anterior legs without setal brushes on tarsi; medial surface of leg 1 femur with small, short, bluntly rounded process. Preanal ring with only a few marginal setae. Epiproct (Fig. 6) wide, roundly truncate, setal papillae not evident; spinnerets in square array. Hypoproct rounded-trapezoidal. Gonopods. Gonocoxa short, stout, only slightly tapered distally, setose anteriorly; emerging from aperture with anterior rim not produced. Telopodite (Figs 9, 10) reaching base of leg 7 when retracted; base densely setose on posteromedial surface. Telopodite with strong constriction just distal to base, clearly separating setose prefemoral portion from bare acropodite. 12 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Two new Queensland millipedes Acropodite divided at base into two massive branches. Lateral branch smoothly curving medially and slightly posteriorly, terminating near body midline, divided at ca 1/4 acropodite height into cylindrical posterior and anterior sub-branches of approximately equal length. Posterior sub-branch (= solenomere) slightly tapered, flattening near tip with pointed, anteriorly directed apex; anterior sub-branch a little larger than posterior, paralleling posterior sub-branch and a little distal to it, terminating in bluntly rounded, slightly twisted apex. Main portion of medial branch of acropodite sickle¬ shaped, curving medially in transverse plane, anteroposteriorly flattened, twisting near apex to be dorsoventrally flattened, terminating just distal to lateral branch tips in expanded tip with small, rounded, marginal (medial) notch. A short, cylindrical sub-branch arising at ca 1/3 acropodite height on medial branch, directed distomedially, terminating near body midline in bluntly pointed, slightly twisted apex lying just basal and a little anterior to tips of lateral branch. Cannula prominent; prostatic groove running on medial surface of posterior sub¬ branch of lateral branch to pointed tip, without loop or other deviation. Distribution and habitat. So far known only from subtropical rainforest on Mt Superbus in southeastern Queensland (Fig. 11). Remarks. This species was coded as 'genus QTT, species QTTT in the 2006-07 sorting of Queensland Paradoxosomatidae (Mesibov, 2008). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank Barbara Baehr (QM) for inviting me to contribute to the Leichhardt commemorative issue of the Memoirs ; Tracey Churchill (Samford, Queensland) for information; Owen Seeman (QM) for the loan of specimens and for curatorial help in QM's wonderful millipede collection; and two anonymous referees for helpful comments on a draft of this paper. This study was funded by the author. FIG. 11. Localities of Eungellosoma leichhnrdti sp. nov. (solid circle) and Binnrcifer superbus sp. nov. (open circle). Inset shows location of main map. Geographic projection. The two localities are ca 890 km apart. LITERATURE CITED Jeekel, C.A.W. 1968. On the Classification and Geographical Distribution of the Family Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). (C.A.W. Jeekel: Amsterdam). Jeekel, C.A.W. 1979. Notes on the classification of some little-known Australian paradoxosomatid genera (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Journal of Natural History 13: 649-658. Mesibov, R. 2008. Diversity of Queensland paradoxosomatid millipedes (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae). Australian Entomologist 35(1): 37-46. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 13 A new species of Terrisswalkerius (Megascolecidae, Megascolecinae, Oligochaeta) from the Wet Tropics of Queensland Barrie G. M. JAMIESON Emeritus Professor, Department of Zoology and Entomology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia. Email: b.jamieson@uq.edu.au Keith R. MCDONALD Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, PO Box 975, Atherton Qld 4883, Australia. Samuel W. JAMES Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Biology, 143 Biology Building, University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa USA 52242-1324. y Citation: Jamieson, B.G.M., McDonald, K.R. & James, S. 2013 10 10: A new species of Terrisswalkerius (Megascolecidae, Megascolecinae, Oligochaeta) from the Wet Tropics of Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum - Nature 58:15-21. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. Accepted: 2 April 2013. ABSTRACT A description is provided of a new species of the megascolecid earthworm genus Terrisswalkerius: T. leichhardti sp. nov. A revised generic definition and a key to species are given. □ Earthworms; Clitellata; Megascolecidae; Megascolecinae; Terrisswalkerius leichhardti new species. In a taxonomic account of the species of the megascolecine genus Diporodmeta in Queensland, Jamieson (1976) drew attention to the widely disjunct distribution of the Queensland species relative to other, south-eastern Australian species of the genus. Subsequently (Jamieson, 1994), in a cladistic analysis of morphology, the 16 then known north Queensland species of Diporodmeta were transferred to the new genus Terrisswalkerius . Later, a molecular analysis using nuclear 28S rDNA and mitochondrial 12S and 16S rDNA (Jamieson et al. 2002) confirmed separation of Terrisswalkerius and its sister-genus Fletdierodrilus Michaelsen, 1891, from Diporodmeta. That finding was confirmed by Buckley et al. (2011) from analysis of mitochondrial 16S rRNA and 661 base pairs from the nuclear large subunit (28S) rRNA gene. They rejected transfer (Blakemore 2006, see also 2011) of the Terriswalkerius species used in their analysis to Perionychella and/or to Diporodmeta because Terrisswalkerius was a well-supported clade five nodes from these genera and inclusion would have made them even more polyphyletic. It is a phylogenetically and zoogeographically discrete genus although the anomalous position of T. atliertonensis requires further investigation. A striking morphological distinction from these genera is the absence of accessory genital markings. This account of a new species of Terrisswalkerius collected in the Australian Wet Tropics in January to March 2007 augments the mono¬ graphic CDs of Jamieson (2000, 2001), for Megascolecinae. The specimens were collected as part of an ongoing study of molecular phylogeny of the Oligochaeta. Terrisswalkerius Jamieson, 1994 Terrisswalkerius Jamieson, 1994:158-159; 2000:1344; 2001: 1344-1345. Type-species. Peridmeta canaliculata Fletcher, 1887. Diagnosis. Setae numerous (>14) per segment. Genital markings other than porophores bearing the female, male and spermathecal Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 • www.qm.qld.gov.au 15 Jamieson, McDonald & James pores, absent. A pair of combined pores of vasa deferentia and tubular or tubuloracemose prostates on XVIII. Last hearts in XII or XIII. Gizzard in V or VI (or VII?) (well developed); intestinal caeca and typhlosole absent. Extramural calciferous glands absent. Nephridia stomate exonephric holonephridia with or without bladders; their pores in straight or sinuous lines but never with regular alternation. Spermatliecae 1 to 5 pairs, rarely unpaired midventral, always pretesticular, diverticulate; diverticulum usually single, uniloculate; rarely double, rarely multiloculate. Distribution. Eastern Subregion, Torresian Division: the Wet Tropics of north eastern Queensland, from the Paluma Range, 19°S, near Townsville, north to the Mcllwraith Range, at 13°44'S. REVISED KEY TO SPECIES OF TERRISSWALKERIUS 1. a. Spermathecal pore unpaired, midventral in intersegmental furrows 7/8 and 8 / 9 . (Differing from Fletcherodrilus in having paired spermathecae) ... T. miseriae Jamieson, 1997 - b. Spermathecal pores paired; if unpaired not restricted to 7/8 and 8/9 .2 2. (lb) a. Spermathecal pores 5 pairs, in or shortly behind intersegmental furrows 4/5-8/9... 3 - b. Spermathecal pores 1 to 4 pairs (rarely unpaired, midventral), in or shortly behind some of intersegmental furrows 4 / 5 - 8/9 .. 5 Spermathecal pores 5 pairs 3. .( 2 a) a. Spermathecal pores in a or b lines. Last hearts in XIII. (Spermathecal duct very short ). T. grandis (Spencer, 1900) - b. Spermathecal pores median to a lines. Last hearts in XII. (Spermathecal duct at least one fourth length of ampulla). 4 4. (3b) a. Nephridial bladders absent . T- phalncrus (Michaelsen, 1916) - b. Nephridial bladders present . T ■ ntavius (Michaelsen, 1916) 5. ( 2 3 4 5 / b ) a- Spermathecal pores in 4 intersegme 5/6-8/9 or 4/5-7/8, paired or single — b. Spermathecal pores 3 pairs or fewer . 10 Spermathecal pores in 4 intersegments 6 . (5a) a. Spermathecal pores in 5/ 6 - 8 /9, unpaired, midventral ... T. mcdonaldi Jamieson, 1994 — b. Spermathecal pores 4 pairs, in 4/5-7/8 or 5/ 6 - 8 /9.7 7. ( 6 b) a. Spermathecal pores 4 pairs, in 4/5- 7/8 .T. terrareginae (Fletcher, 1890) — b. Spermathecal pores 4 pairs, in 5/6-8/9 .. 8 8 . (7b) a. Male pores well median of a lines . T. rnillaamillaa (Jamieson, 1976) — b. Male pores in or lateral of c lines.9 9. ( 8 b) a. Prostomium tanylobous, with wide dorsal tongue. (Peristomium short). Nephropores in straight series on each side. T. erici (Michaelsen, 1916) — b. Prostomium epilobous or proepilobous; with longitudinal grooves which continue to the hind margin of the peristomium. Nephropores in an irregularly sinuous series, varying from far dorsally to far ventrally, on each side _T. kuranda (Jamieson, 1976) 10. (5b) a. Spermathecal pores 3 pairs, in or shortly behind 4/5-6/7, 5/6-7/ 8 , or 6/7- 8/9 .11 — b. Spermathecal pores 1 or 2 pairs, in some of 4/5-8/9.18 Spermathecal pores 3 pairs 11. (10a) a. Spermathecal pores 3 pairs, in 4/5- 6/7 .12 — b. Spermathecal pores 3 pairs, in or shortly behind 5/6-7/8 or 6/7-8/9. 15 12. (11a) a. Spermathecal diverticulum clavate, shorter than ampulla.13 — b. Spermathecal diverticulum long and tortuous. Spermathecal pores in vicinity of d to e lines.14 13. (12a) a. Spermathecal pores approximately in c lines. Male porophores partly formed by evagination of muscular prostate ducts .T. carbinensis Jamieson, 1997 — b. Spermathecal pores in or between a and b lines. Male porophores not formed by evagination of muscular prostate ducts ... T. tnontislewisi (Jamieson, 1976) (part.) 16 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 A new species of Terrisswalkerius 14. (12b) a. Spermathecal diverticulum longer than ampulla plus duct. (Spermathecal pores in d lines) .. .T. barronensis (Fletcher, 1886) — b. Spermathecal diverticulum shorter than ampulla plus duct. (Spermathecal pores in d-e lines).T. roveni (Jamieson, 1976) 15. (lib) a. Spermathecal pores immediately behind or in 5/6-7/ 8 .T. covacevichae Jamieson, 1994 — b. Spermathecal pores in 6/7-8/9.16 16. (15b) a. Male pores very close together, almost contiguous midventrally, on a common field or papilla . T. athertonensis (Michaelsen, 1916) — b. Male pores well separated, between setal lines a and f, on a pair of papillae .17 17. (16b) a. Spermathecal diverticulum simple, shortly clavate T. amaUculatus (Fletcher, 1887) — b. Spermathecal diverticulum composite, consisting of as many as 4 parallel conjoined tubes with terminal, knoblike seminal chambers; approximately as long as spermatheca . T. oculatus (Jamieson, 1976) 18. (10b) a. Spermathecal pores 2 pairs, in 4/5 and 5 /6 or 5/6 and 6/7.19 — b. Spermathecal pores in 1 pair, in 6/7 or 7/8 or 8/9 . 21 Spermathecal pores 2 pairs 19. (18a) a. Spermathecal pores 2 pairs, in 5/6 and 6/7.20 — b. Spermathecal pores 2 pairs, in 4/5 and 5/6 .T. windsori Jamieson, 1995 — c. Spermathecal pores 2 pairs, in 7/8 and 8/9 . T . moritzi Jamieson, 2000 20. (19a) a. Male pores close together, in b lines -T. montislewisi (Jamieson, 1976) (part.) — b. Male pores widely separated, in setal lines 3-4 relative to XIX. T. leichhardti sp. nov. Spermathecal pores 1 pair 21 . (18b) a. Spermathecal pores 1 pair, in or shortly posterior to 8/9. Spermathecal diverticulum long and tortuous. 22 — b. Spermathecal pores 1 pair, in 6/7 or 7/8 23 22 . (21a) a. Spermathecal pores in setal lines c tod .T. nashi (Jamieson, 1976) — b. Spermathecal pores in or median of setal lines a .T. liber Jamieson, 1994 23. (21b) a. Spermathecal pores 1 pair in 6/7 .T. crateris (Jamieson, 1976) — b. Spermathecal pores in 7/8 .24 24. (23b) a. Setal interval ab not narrower than other intervals. Nephridia with diverticulate bladders.T. mcUwraithi Jamieson, 1997 — b. Setal interval ab narrower than other intervals. Nephridia lacking bladders .T. blounti (Jamieson, 1976) Terrisswalkerius leichhardti sp. nov. (Figs 1A-C, 2A, B) Etymology. Named after the explorer, Ludwig Leichhardt. Material Examined. Holotype: Tinaroo Range, 17°05'34"S 145°35'13"E, altitude 1120 m, on ridge dividing headwaters of Kauri and Emerald Creeks catchments, both creeks flowing eventually into Barron River; 100 metres from Mt Haig-Kauri Creek road junction, complex notophyll vine forest in cloudy wet and moist uplands on Mareeba granite; clitellate specimen, PFA fixation, Wl, B.G.M. Jamieson and K.R. McDonald, 25 Jan 2007, QM G231053. Paratypes: Holotype locality. 100% EtOH or PFA fixation, B.G.M. Jamieson and K.R. McDonald, 25 Jan 2007, QM G231291-231293; Danbulla National Park, site 2, 17°05'34"S 145°35'15"E, Mt. Haig turnoff, Tinaroo Range, notophyll vine forest on granite hills, 5 specimens, two strongly clitellate, formalin/ethanol, K.R. McDonald, 27 Mar 2007, QM G231054-231058; Kauri Creek Road, 17°07'21"S 145°36'27"E, notophyll vine forest on granite PFA fixation, B.G.M. Jamieson and K.R. McDonald, 25 Jan 2007, QM G231294. Diagnosis. See Remarks. Description. Length 66-70 mm. Width (midclitellar) 3.6 mm (Holotype). Segments 120 (H). In alcohol (ex PFA) dorsally pig¬ mented purplish brown with pale grey clitellum; in life with an almost black forebody. Prostomium (Fig. IB) with form of very broad wedge only very slightly impinging on peristomium (slightly epilobous, closed), with conspicuous middorsal groove (canalicula) which extends to posterior limit of peristomium; faint midventral groove or at least Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 17 Jamieson, McDonald & James 18 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 A new species of Terrisswalkerius pigmented line throughout body; peristomium not appreciably shorter than first setigerous segment bisected by midventral groove. First dorsal pore 4/5 (vestigial), 5/6 patent. Setae 26 in XII (H); closely and subequally spaced; ca. 0.26 mm apart; setae absent in XVIII between male pores; a lines becoming slightly irregular posteriorly; z lines irregular in forebody, more so in hind body; ventral and dorsal breaks not appreciable. Nephropores (Fig. 1C) in single, straight lateral series on each side, especially prominent, as dark orifices, on clitellum; in setal lines 7 preclitellar and 9 on clitellum. Clitellum annular, dorsally XIII-XVIII (= 6 segments), but ventrally with a wide interruption in XIII. Male pores (Fig. 1A, C) in approximately setal lines 3 of XVIII relative to segment XVII or setal lines 3-4 relative to XIX, on very strongly protuberant domed papillae, each insunken at the pore, and with circumferential grooves; the pores 2.2 mm; 0.2 body circumference apart. Genital markings absent. Female pores not discernible with certainty, a pair shortly anterior to setae a of XIV. Spermathecal pores not visible externally; from internal examination, 2 pairs, in 5/6 and 6/7, in setal lines 6. Septa 11/12-13/14 the strongest, moderately thickened. Last hearts in XII. Supraoesophageal vessel well developed. Gizzard large and firmly muscular, barrel-shaped with anterior rim, in VI(?), but its posterior end at level of 10/11. Intestinal origin XVII, with wide expansion. Nephridia stomate, vesiculate holonephridia; a bladder examined in XXVI with a lateral diverticulum. Sperm funnels large and iridescent, in X and XI, embedded in flocculent (sperm?) masses; testis-sacs absent; seminal vesicles in IX and XII racemose, those in IX by far the larger; those in XII subspheroidal with tapering median portion, so as to appear club-shaped; a similar pair ("pseudovesicles" but probably functional) on anterior wall of XIII. Ovaries not discernible but oviducal funnels on posterior wall of XIII. Prostates (Fig. 2B) elongate racemose in appearance, in XVIII-XXII (right), -XXIII (left); incised by septa (tubuloracemose?); muscular duct long, sinuous, widening ectalwards but FIG. 2. Terrisswalkerius leichhardti sp. nov. A, Right posterior spermatheca, of VII; B, Right prostate. Holotype QM G231053. widest at about midlength; joined ectal of gland by vas deferens; region of duct between this junction and gland with less muscular sheen than remaining more ectal, longer portion; ectal region coiled in circle over male porophore; tubuloracemose condition confirmed in further, aclitellate material where prostates are thin and straplike, though with some low superficial nodules. Penial setae absent. Spermathecae (Fig. 2A), 2 pairs, opening anteriorly in VI and VII; ampulla spheroidal, duct slender, tapering to pore; diverticulum (inseminated) Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 19 Jamieson, McDonald & James single, clavate, uniloculate, with long sinuous duct uniting with spermathecal duct at body wall; size approximately uniform; length of right spermatheca of VII = 1.4 mm, ratio of total length; length duct = 2.5; ratio length: length diverticulum 07. = 0.9; length diverticulum = 1.5 mm. Remarks. The species of Terrisswalkerius most closely resembling T. leichhardti in general anatomy are those which, like it, have only two pairs of spermathecal pores, viz. T. windsori, (4/5 and 5/6), T. moritzi (7/8 and 8/9) and T. montislewisi (5/6 and 6/7 but usually in 4/5 also). Of these, T. montislewisi is the most similar but T. leichhardti differs from it, inter alia, in the slightly epilobous not tanylobous prostomium; the smaller number of setae, having 26 as contrasted with 32-42 in XII; anterior extension of the clitellum onto XIII; the wider separation of the prostatic porophores and their pores; the more elongate, tu bu Ioracemose, prostates; and the greater length of the spermathecal diverticulum relative to the ampulla. Terrisswalkerius leichhardti from the Danbulla site has been included as T. sp., in a molecular analysis of earthworm phylogeny by James and Davidson (2012). It was the only representative of the genus. The GenBank accession numbers for this species are HQ728886 (18S), HQ728974 (28S) and JF267897 (16S). Barcoding. DNA barcoding is the use of a standardised region of 658 bp of the mito¬ chondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) for species discrimination (Hebert et al., 2003). This was performed at the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding using the BOLD platform and laboratory procedures (BOLD, http;// www.barcodinglife.org; Ratnasingham & Hebert 2007). We used a specimen from the holotype locality and one from Danbulla. Additional sequences from the holotype locality are on the BOLD database and can be retrieved by using the sequences given here as queries. EW-SJ-929 Jamieson BGM and McDonald K 25/1/07 Australia Queensland Tinaroo Range, near Mt. Haig-Kauri Creek road jet, in notophyll vine cloud forest, 17°05'34"S 145°35'13"E (Holotype locality). >EWSJA290-08 | EW-SJ-929 | Terrisswalkerius leichhardti CACACTATACTTCATTTTAGGTGTTTGAGCTG GAATAGTTGGGGTTGGG ATAAG ACTCCTA ATTCGAATTGAGCTGAGGCAGCCAGGTG CATTCTTAGGGAGCGACCAACTATACAATA CAATTGTG AC AGCCCACGCTTTTCTA ATA ATTTTCrrTTTAGTTATGCCAGTATTTATTGGAG G ATTTGG A A ATTG ATTATTACC ACTTATATTA GGGGCCCCCGACATGGCATTCCCACGACTAAT A ATATAAGATTTTGACTCCTGCCGCCCT- CACTAATCTTATTAGTATCCTCTGCTGCC GTAGAAAAAGGTGCTGGAACAGGGT- GAACTGTCTATCCCCCCTTAGCAA GAAATATCGCCCATTCTGGGCCCT C AGTAG ACTTAGC A ATTTTTT CTCTTC ATT TAGCAGG AGCCTC ATCA ATTTTGGGGGC A ATC A ACTTTATTACC AC AGTA ATTA A- CATACGATGATCGGGGTTACGACTAGAGC GAGTCCCCCTATTTGTTTGAGCTGTGGTTAT TACAGTAGTTTTGCTGCTACTATCTCTCCCAGT GCTTGCTGGGGCC ATC ACTATATTATTA ACCG ATCGCAATCTAA ACACATCTTTTTTT GACCCTGCAGGTGGGGGGGACCCAATTT TATACCAGCACTTATT- EW-SJ-903 McDonald K 27/3/07 Australia Queensland Danbulla National Park, Tinaroo Range, notophyll vine forest on granite hills, 17°05'34"S 145°35'15"E (Paratype locality). >EWSJA264-08 | EW-SJ-903 | Terrisswalkerius leichhardti CACACTATACTTCATTTTAGGTGTTTG AGCTG GAATAGTTGGGGTTGGG ATA AGACTCCTA ATTCG A ATTG AGCTG AGGCAGCCAGGTG CATTCTTAGGGAGCGACCAACTATACAATA CAATTGTG ACAGCCCACGCTTTTCTA ATA ATTTTCTTTTTAGTTATGCCAGTATTTATTGGAG G ATTTGG A A ATTG ATTATTACC ACTTATACTA GGGGCCCCCGACATGGCATTCCCACGACTA AATAATATAAGATTTTGACTCCTGCCGCCCT CACTAATCTTATTAGTATCCTCTGCTGCCG TAGAAAAAGGTGCTGGAACAGGGTGAACT GTCTATCCCCCCTTAGC A AG A A ATATC GCCCATTCTGGGCCCTC AGTAG ACTTA GCAATTTTTTCTCTTCATTTAGCAGGAGCCT CATC A ATTTTGGGGGC A ATC A ACTTTATTAC CACAGTAATTAACATACGATGATCGGGGT 20 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 A new species of Terrisswalkerius TACGACTAGAGCGAGTCCCCCTATTTGTTT GAGCTGTGGTTATTACAGTAGTTTTGCTGC TACTATCTCTCCCAGTGCTTGCTGGGGCCAT TACTATATTATTAACCGATCGCAATCTAAACA CATCTTTTTTTGACCCTGCAGGTGGGGGGGACC C A ATTTT AT ACC AGC ACTT ATT- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study resulted from a collaboration of Barrie Jamieson with Sam James and Seana Davidson (Research Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington), supported by US National Science Foundation grant NSF#DEB-516520 & 516439. Illustrations are by BGMJ. Dr Mai Bryant (Queensland Museum) is thanked for curation of specimens. LITERATURE CITED Blakemore, R.J. 2006. Checklist of New Zealand earthworms updated from Lee (1959). Unpublished checklist, available from: http://bio- eco.eis.ynu.ac.jp/eng/database/earthworm/ Blakemore, R.J. 2011. Further records of non-cryptic New Zealand earthworms. ZooKcys 160: 23-46, doi: 10.3897/zookeys.l 60.2354 Buckley, T.R., James, S., Allwood, J., Bartlam, S., Howitt, R. & Prada, D. 2011. Phylogenetic analysis of New Zealand earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) reveals ancient clades and cryptic taxonomic diversity. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 58: 85-96. Fletcher, J.J. 1887. Notes on Australian earthworms- Part Ill. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 2 (2): 375-402. Hebert, P.D.N., Cy winska, A., Ball, S.L., & Dewaard, J.R. 2003. Biological identifications through DN A barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 270: 313-321. James, S.W. & Davidson, S.K. 2012. Molecular phylogeny of earthworms (Annelida: Crassiclitellata) based on 28S, 18S and 16S gene sequences. Invertebrate Systernatics 26: 213-229. Jamieson, B.G.M. 1976. The genus Diporochaeta (Oligochaeta Megascolecidae) in Queensland. Zoologische Verhandelingen 149:1-57. 1994. Some earthworms from the wet tropics and from Bunya mountains, Queensland (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 37(1): 157-181. 2000. Native Earthworms of Australia (Megascolecidae, Megascolecinae). (Science Publishers, Inc.: Enfield, New Hampshire)(CD ROM). 2001. Native Earthworms of Australia (Megascolecidae, Megascolecinae). Supplement. (CD ROM). Jamieson, B.G.M., Tillier S., Tillier A., Justine J.-L., Ling E., James S., McDonald, K. & Hugall, A.F. 2002. Phylogeny of the Megascolecidae and Crassiclitellata (Annelida, Oligochaeta): combined versus partitioned analysis using nuclear (28S) and mitochondrial (12S, 16S) rDNA. Zoosystema 24(4): 707-734. Michaelsen, W. 1891. Oligochaeten des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg. IV. jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 8:3-42. Ratnasingham, S. & Hebert, P.D.N. 2007. The barcode of life data system. Molecular Ecology Notes 7: 355-364 http:// www.barcodinglife.org/ Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 21 A new species of Pseudotyrannochthonius Beier (Pseudoscorpiones: Pseudotyrannochthoniidae) from the Warrumbungle Range, New South Wales Danilo HARMS School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. Email: d.harms01@googlemail.com; Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, WA 6986, Australia. Citation: Harms, D. 2013 10 10: A new species of Pseudotyrannochthonius Beier (Pseudoscorpiones: Pseudotyrannochthoniidae) from the Warrumbungle Range, New South Wales. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum - Nature 58: 23-32. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. Accepted: 7 May 2013. ABSTRACT A new species of the pseudoscorpion genus Pseudotyrannochthonius (family Pseudotyrannochthoniidae) is described from Warrumbungle Range in New South Wales based on morphological features of both males and females. Pseudotyrannochthonius leichhardti sp. nov. is the fourth described species from New South Wales and known only from the type locality. It represents the most inland record of any Pseudotyrannochthonius in Australia. □ false scorpion, Ludwig Leichhardt, pseudoscorpion, taxonomy, Warrumbungle National Park. The Pseudotyrannochthoniidae are a family of medium-sized to large chthonioid pseudoscorpions (body length 1-3 mm) with 48 described species occurring on five continents across the Northern (Asia and USA) and Southern (Australia, Chile, Southern Africa) hemispheres (Harms & Harvey 2013; Harvey 2011; Harvey & Stahlavsk^ 2009). Only the nominate genus, Pseudotyrannochthonius Beier, occurs in Australia and 11 species have been described from mesic forests and caves in eastern Australia (8 species), southwestern Australia (1 species) and Tasmania (2 species) (Harms & Harvey 2013; Harvey 1985,2011). All species are slender chthonioid pseudoscorpions with prominent chelicerae and a unique arrangement of the pedipalpal trichobothria. Pseudotyrannochthonius live in moist leaf litter, low vegetation and the topsoil layer, although the cave-dwelling species demonstrate a capacity to colonise subterranean habitats (Beier 1968, 1969, 1971; Chamberlin 1962; Dartnall 1970; Harms & Harvey 2013). Despite the small number of described species, Pseudotyrannochthonius is widespread and represents the dominant pseudoscorpion group in rainforests and wet sclerophyll forest communities across temperate Australia, with numerous new species awaiting formal description (Harms & Harvey 2013). The fauna of New South Wales is no exception and the only species currently described are P. australiensis Beier, 1966 from a single forest locality near Edith, plus two karst endemics: P. eberhardi Harms and Harvey, 2013 from the Stockyard Creek Karst and P. jonesi (Chamberlin, 1962) from the Jenolan Karst (Harvey 1985, 2011; Harms & Harvey 2013). Museum records, however, indicate a much wider distribution of Pseudotyrannochthonius in this state, with epigean records representing many different putative species in most forest systems with a well-balanced supply of moisture (Fig. 1). This paper has two aims: firstly to describe a new species of Pseudotyrannochthonius from the Warrumbungle National Park in the Orana region of New South Wales and present the first digital images of an epigean species belonging to this genus. Secondly to establish the most inland record of Pseudotyrannochthonius in Australia: frontier country for a moisture- loving invertebrate lineage with a Gondwanan Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 • www.qm.qld.gov.au 23 Harms heritage. I also report the distributional limits of this group on the world's driest inhabited continent. In naming Pseudotyrannochthonius leichhardti sp. nov., I wish to honour Ludwig Leichhardt, a man who loved to explore frontier country outback, pushed the limits of established knowledge, and offered scientific insights into wildlife and biodiversity at a time when Australia was largely terra incognita . MATERIAL AND METHODS All specimens examined are lodged at the Australian Museum Sydney (AMS). Terminology and measurements follow Chamberlin (1931), except for modifications to the nomenclature of the segments of the pedipalps and legs (Harvey 1992), the trichobothria (Edward & Harvey 2008; Harvey 1992) and chelal teeth morphology (Harvey 2009). The term 'rallum' is used for the cheliceral blades (Judson 2007) and the term 'coxal blades' (Harms & Harvey 2013) for the grooming organs on the first coxae. The abbreviation dt is used for the chelal duplex trichobothria in Pseudotyrannochthoniidae rather than xs (Edward & Harvey 2008) to avoid homology implications amongst families in the absence of a phylogenetic framework for Chthonioidea. Specimens used for morphological examination were preserved in c. 70-75% ethanol. General morphological examinations were carried out using a Leica MZ16A stereomicroscope and digital images were taken using a Leica DFC500 digital camera attached to a Leica MZ16A stereo¬ microscope, using the Leica Application Suite Version 3.6.0 software. This program allows the alignment of images taken at different focal planes (here 20-40 images, depending on size of the imaged structure) and combines them into a single image (Harms & Harvey 2013). Fine structures, such as the genital plates and coxal blades, were examined using an Olympus BH-2 compound microscope under 100-200 times magnification. For this purpose, specimens were immersed in 100% glycerol and temporarily mounted on microscope glass slides with 12 mm coverslips supported by microneedles (diameter according to size of specimen). Glass genitalia microvials (BioQuip Products, Inc.) were used to store the dissected structures (Edward & Harvey 2008). Line drawings were made on tracing paper using printed auto-montage images and rechecked against the respective structures to assure accuracy. In contrast to some recent taxonomic papers on chthonioid pseudo- scorpions (Edward & Harvey 2008; Harvey 2009), only the external male genitalia are illustrated here because the internal genitalia appear to be of limited diagnostic value. All images were edited and formatted in Adobe Photoshop Version CS5 and distribution maps were produced using ESRI ArcGIS 9.3.1 software with improvements made in Adobe Photoshop Version CS5. Measurements were taken with an ocular graticule at the highest possible magnification and are expressed in millimetres. All measure¬ ments were taken in dorsal view, except those of the coxae, trochanters and manducatory process that were taken in ventral view. Total length measurements of the body exclude the legs and chelicerae. Precipitation data for the Warrumbungle National Park are from the Office of Environment & Heritage, NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service (online at http://www. environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/) and those for the surrounding areas from the Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia (online at http://www.bom.gov.au/). SYSTEMATICS Family Pseudotyrannochthoniidae Beier, 1932 Genus Pseudotyrannochthonius Beier, 1930 Pseudotyrannochthonius Beier, 1930: 207-208. Tubbichthonius Hoff, 1951:10-11 (synonymised by Beier 1966, p. 285). Spelaeochthonius Morikavva, 1954: 83-84 (synonymised by Muchmore 1967, p. 134). Type species. Chthonius (Chthonius) silvestrii Ellingsen 1905, by original designation. Diagnosis and description. See Harms & Harvey (2013). 24 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Leichhardt’s pseudoscorpion Pseudotyrannochthonius leichhardti sp. nov. (Figs 1-4) Common name. Leichhardt's pseudoscorpion. Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honour of the naturalist and explorer Ludwig Leichhardt (1813-c. 1848) for his scientific legacy and contributions to Australian natural history. Material. Holotype $: Australia, New South Wales, Warrumbungle National Park, Siding Springs Road, 0.9 km from Siding Spring Observatory, 31.16'15"S 149.04'31"E, 10-24 Nov 2001, c. 1060 m, pitfall traps, M.R. Gray, G.A. Milledge and H.M. Smith (AMS KS 75442). Paratypes: 1? (AMS KS 119839) and Itf (AMS KS 119840), same data as holotype. Diagnosis. The species can be distinguished from Pseudotyrannochthonius australiensis Beier, 1966, the only other described epigean species from New South Wales, by details of the chelal fingers: both fingers strongly curved (slightly curved in P. australiensis ), movable finger 4/5 as long as fixed finger (movable finger almost as long as fixed finger), movable finger with 9 broad teeth (5 acute teeth), fixed finger with 20 reclinate teeth (23 acute teeth), retrolateral side of chelal palm with c. 9 setae (c. 12 setae), trichobothrium sb shifted proximally and much further apart from b than t (sb, b and t spaced equally); tergal chaetotaxy 2:4:4:4 (2:4: 6: 6), cheliceral palm retrolateral with 5-6 setae (8 setae), and 11-12 coxal blades (9-10 blades). Description. Adult female (holotype, AMS KS 75442). Colour (in ethanol): pedipalps, chelicerae and legs light brown, cephalothorax brown, chelal fingers and soft body parts pale yellow (Figs 2F,3E). Chelicerae (Figs 2H, I). Cuticle of palm squamate, with 5 acuminate setae, 1 lyrifissure in prolateral position to most dorsal row of setae on palm; movable finger with 1 seta in medial position, with 14 continuous serrations, medial serrations sharply pointed and proclinate, galea absent; fixed finger with 1 seta in subproximal position, 1 lyrifissure at the base, 2 large teeth situated medially and distally, 5 smaller teeth between large teeth, all teeth acuminate; rallum with 12 blades arising from a slit-shaped depression and distally increasing in size, proximal and distal blades not paired, other blades arranged in pairs, all blades pinnate except anterior blade slightly serrate; serrula exterior with c. 20 visible blades, serrula interior with c. 16 blades. Pedipalp (Figs 3E; 4A). All setae acuminate; trochanter 1.6, femur 6.9, patella 1.7, chela 4.6, palm 1.6 x longer than broad, fixed finger 1.9 x and movable finger 1.6 x longer than palm, without large basal apodeme, femur without tactile setae; chelal palm retrolateral with 9 setae, setae not arranged in rows; movable finger 0.8 x as long as fixed finger, both fingers strongly curved in lateral view, homodentate, distal sections of fingers strongly bent and crossing over in dorsal view, intercalary and accessory teeth absent, microsetae absent but distolateral setae at base of fixed finger short and thick, external and internal chelal condyles small and rounded, venom apparatus absent; fixed finger with 1 large lyrifissure at base, with 20 large and erect diastemodentate teeth, slightly reclinate, teeth largest medially and decreasing in size distally and proximally; movable finger with c. 9 strongly reclinate, broad and slightly juxtadentate teeth in distal third, teeth proximally decreasing in size and forming a row of continuous reclinate serra¬ tions that extends towards base of finger; trichobothria ib and isb distally on dorsum of palm, fixed finger with 8 trichobothria , esb, ist and eb form an oblique row sublaterally to dorsally at base of fixed chelal finger, it and est in distomedial position and paired, it slightly more distal than est , et subdistal and duplex trichobothria dt distal, distance between dt and et c. 3 times diameter of dt , dt trichobothria shorter than other trichobothria; movable finger with 4 trichobothria , st situated sub-proximal and in medial position on finger, triplet sb, b and t distomedial to distal, distance between sb and b 5 times distance between b and t, sb in subventral position, b medial and t subdorsal. Cephalothorax (Figs 2G; 3A, B). Subquadrate, 1.05 x longer than broad, without furrows, lateral margins constricted posteriorly; two pairs of eyes well developed and pigmented, posterior eyes less well defined than anterior eyes, eye region convex in dorsal view (Fig. 2G); with 20 setae arranged 8: 4: 4: 2: 2, postocular setae reclinate, preocular setae proclinate, interocular Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 25 Harms setae situated at anterior margin of posterior eyes (Figs 3A,B); with 2 pairs of lyrifissures (Fig. 3B), first pair between anterior and ocular row of setae, second pair situated posterolateral to setae of posterior row, anterior pair larger than posterior pair; epistome convex, in a shallow groove, small but well sclerotised, strongly denticulate (Fig. 2A). Abdomen (Figs 2D, E, F). Pleural membrane papillostriate, tergites and stemites undivided, setae uniserrate and acuminate; tergal chaetotaxy (Fig. 2E): 2: 4: 4: 4: 6: 6: 6: 7: 5: 4: 4: 0 sternal chaetotaxy (Fig. 2D): 10:12:12:10:9:9:8:6:4: -: 2. Genital region (Figs 2D; 3C). Genital opening slit¬ like, with 10 setae proximal to opening, arranged in two oblique rows 4:4 plus a pair 1:1 in medial position, all setae forming a subtriangular figure, two oblique lyrifissures present anterolateral to genital opening (Fig. 4C). Coxae (Figs 3C, D). Manducatory process with 2 acuminate distal setae, apical seta straight, about 3 times longer than subapical seta and extending to about half of the rallum, subapical seta dwarfed and bent towards interior margin; pedipalpal coxa with 3 setae, two at distal margin and one more medial near interior margin, with 1 medial lyrifissure; coxae I with 11 terminally trifurcate coxal blades in an oblique row (Figs 2B; 3D), arranged in four distinct groups: 2:2:3:4, blades that belong to a common group basally fused, distal blades largest and on a common palm-shaped, spatulate base; apical process of coxa I broadly rounded, total number of setae on coxae: 1(3): 11(4): 111(5): IV(5) (Fig. 3D), each coxa with one small lyrifissure in distoapical position near margin; intercoxal tubercle pronounced and tear-drop shaped, bisetose (Fig. 3D). Legs (Figs 2C, F; 3E). Heterotarsate; femora I and II longer than patellae I and II; femur and patella of leg IV 4.1 x longer than broad; metatarsi III and IV with two tactile setae in submedial position, tarsi III and IV with two tactile setae in subbasal and subterminal position; tarsus III with 3-4 terminal setae, tarsi IV and V terminally with 4-5 long setae; setae on femora I-IV: 1(4), II (3), III(2), IV(2); subterminal tarsal setae not distally serrate, arolium slightly shorter than claws and not divided, all claws simple. Dimensions (in mm). Body length 2.40; pedi- palps: trochanter 0.28/0.18, femur 0.97/0.14, patella 0.30/0.18, chela 1.37/0.30, palm length 0.47, fixed finger length 0.89, movable finger length 0.73; chelicera total 0.60/0.29, fixed finger length 0.26, movable finger length 0.33; cephalothorax 0.65/0.62 (anterior)/0.55 (posterior); leg I: femur 0.46/0.11; patella 0.52/0.09; tibia 0.34/0.08; tarsus 0.56/0.05; leg IV: femur 0.25/0.19; patella 0.53/0.19; tibia 0.54/0.12; metatarsus 0.31/0.90; tarsus 0.58/0.06. Adult male (AMS KS119840). As for female except as follows: Chelicerae : with 6 setae; movable finger with 15 continuous serrations; fixed finger with 4 large teeth, distal tooth largest. Pedipalp (Fig. 4B). Trochanter 1.5, femur 6.14, patella 1.87, chela 4.95, palm 1.8 x longer than broad, movable finger 1.6 x longer than palm; palm 0.77 x as long as palm of female and more slender; fixed finger with 21 large and erect diastemodentate teeth; movable finger with 8 teeth in distal third. Cephalothorax . 1.02 x longer than broad; epistome less pronounced than in female. Abdomen . Sternal chaetotaxy 12:26 [8+5]: 8:10: 8: 8: 8: 6: 4: 2. Genital region (Fig. 4D): sternite II with 13-14 reclinate genital setae; sternite III with U-shaped genital opening and two valves, each genital valve with 8 proclinate valvular genital setae. Coxae. Coxae I with 11-12 blades arranged in four distinct groups: 2: 2: 3(2): 5. Legs : setae on femora I-IV: 1(4), 11(3), IIJ(2), IV(2). Dimensions (in mm). Body length 1.80; pedipaips: trochanter 0.21/0.14, femur 0.86/0.14, patella 0.28/0.15, chela 1.14/0.23; fixed finger length 0.77; palm length 0.41; movable finger length 0.67; cephalothorax 0.55/0.54 (anterior)/0.45 (posterior); chelicera total 0.42/0.24, fixed finger length 0.18, movable finger length 0.23. Distribution. Known only from the type locality in the Warrumbungle National Park (Fig. 1). Most species of Pseudotyrmmochthonius 26 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Leichhardt’s pseudoscorpion FIG. 1. Map showing locality of Pseudotyrannochthonius leichhardti sp. nov. plus records of described and putatively undescribed species occurring in New South Wales, Australia. The epigean records are based on a complete examination of specimens lodged with Australian museums. in Australia are known from a single locality (Chamberlin 1962; Hoff 1951; Beier 1966,1968; Dartnall 1970) or very few collecting sites (Mallick & Driessen 2005) only, and can be considered as short- or narrow-range endemics sensu Harvey (2002) and Ponder & Colgan (2002). Given this pattern, P. leichhardti sp. nov. is likely endemic to the Warrumbungle National Park. Habitat and Climate. Tall sclerophyll forest in elevated terrain (G. Milledge, pers. com.). The Warrumbungle National Park has an annual average rainfall of 720 mm, with higher precipitation levels expected for the peaks of the Range. Rainfall decreases rapidly further inland (less than 600 mm for Cheddington weather station, c. 6 km west of the Range) and the occurrence of Pseudotyrannochthonius there is unlikely. The specimens were collected in November when temperatures and rainfall increase following winter (June to August; driest month is September). Conservation status. Unknown. Remarks. Pseudotyrannochthonius leichhardti sp. nov. is one of many putative new species in New South Wales awaiting taxonomic description. Although the genus as a whole has not been re¬ vised, P. leichhardti sp. nov. can be easily diagnosed by means of its unique pedipalp morphology. I note, however, that most other putative species in New South Wales are morphologically less distinct and cryptic, so that a taxonomic approach based solely on morphology will fail. A combination of morphology and molecular tools, including multi-gene barcoding, linked Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 27 Harms FIG. 2. Pseudotyrannochthonius leichhardti sp. nov., holotype female (AMS KS 75442, figs. A, B, D, E, F, G, H, I) P) ra tyP e ma ^ e (AMS KS 119840, fig. C): A, epistome, dorsal; B, coxal blades, ventral; C, habitus, lateral; D, abdomen, ventral; E, same, dorsal; F, habitus, lateral; G, cephalothorax and chelicerae, dorsal; H, left chelicera, lateral; and I, same, ventrolateral. 28 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Leichhardt’s pseudoscorpion FIG. 3. Pseudotyrannochthonius leichhardti sp. nov., holotype female (AMS KS 75442): A, cephalothorax, lateral; B, same, dorsal (black circles refer to the position of setae, white dashes to position and orientation of lyrifissures); C, habitus, ventral; D, coxae, ventral; and E, habitus, dorsal. Abbreviations: cb, coxal blades; it, intercoxal tubercle. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 29 Harms 30 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Leichhardt’s pseudoscorpion with increased spatial sampling will be neces¬ sary to establish a stable taxonomy. The following key is preliminary and allows the identification of described species only. KEY TO DESCRIBED SPECIES OF PSEUDOTYRANNOCHTHONIUS FROM NEW SOUTH WALES 1. Without eyes.2 — With eyes.3 2. Body length c. 3.6 mm; cephalothorax almost as broad as long, retrolateral side of chelicerae with 11 setae, with 12-14 coxal blades on coxa I and 5 setae on coxa II; from Stockyard Creek Karst (The Castles Nature Reserve).. P. eberJmrdi Harms & Harvey, 2013 — Body length c. 3.0 mm; cephalothorax significantly longer than broad, retrolateral side of chelicerae with 9 setae, with 9-11 coxal blades on coxa I and 4 setae on coxa II; from Jenolan Karst (Blue Mountains National Park).. .P.jonesi (Chamberlin, 1962) 3. Body length c. 1.7 mm; movable chelal finger almost as long a fixed finger; fixed finger with c. 23 acute teeth, movable finger with 5 acute teeth distally, both fingers slightly curved; from SE Edith (Blue Mountains National Park area).P. australiensis Beier, 1966 — Body length 1.8-2.4 mm; movable chelal finger much shorter than fixed finger; fixed finger with c. 20 slightly reclinate teeth, movable finger with 9 reclinate teeth distally, both fingers strongly curved distally; from Warrumbungle National Park.P. leichhardti sp. nov. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to Mike Gray, Graham Milledge and Helen Smith (Australian Museum, Sydney) for collecting this interesting new species. Graham is also thanked for loaning the type specimens and providing information on the type locality. I thank Mark Harvey (Western Australian Museum, Perth) for providing the facilities that have made this research possible. Dale Roberts (University of Western Australia, Perth) kindly provided feedback on an earlier version of this manuscript and the comments of Barbara Baehr and Mark Harvey greatly improved this paper. The senior author received an Endeavour International Postgraduate Research Scholarships (EIPRS) and a UPAIS top-up scholarship of the University of Western Australia that made this study possible. LITERATURE CITED Beier, M. 1930. Alcuni Pseudoscorpioni esotici raccolti dal Prof. F. Silvestri. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generate e Agraria del R. Istituto Superiore Agratio in Portici 23:197-209. 1966. On the Pseudoscorpionidea of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 14: 275-303. 1968. Some cave-dwelling Pseudoscorpionidea from Australia and New Caledonia. Records of the South Australian Museum 15: 757-765. 1969. Neue Pseudoskorpione aus Australien. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 73:171-187. 1971. A new chthoniid pseudoscorpion from Western Australia. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 10: 233-234. Chamberlin, J.C. 1931. The arachnid order Chelonethida. Stanford University Publications , Biological Sciences 7:1-284. 1962. New and little-known false scorpions, principally from caves, belonging to the families Chthoniiaae and Neobisiidae (Arachnida, Chelonethida). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 123: 303-352. Dartnall, A.J. 1970. Some Tasmanian chthoniid pseudoscorpions. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 104: 65-68. Edward, K.L. & Harvey, M.S. 2008. Short-range endemism in hypogean environments: the pseudoscorpion genera Tyrannochthonius and Lagynochthonius (Pseud oscorpiones: Chthoniidae) in the semiarid zone of Western Australia. Invertebrate Systematics 22: 259-293. Harms, D. & Harvey, M.S. 2013. Review of the cave¬ dwelling species of Pseudotyrannochthonius Beier (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Pseudotyrannochthoniidae) from mainland Australia, with description of two troglobitic species. Australian Journal of Entomology 52:129-143. Harvey, M.S. 1985. Pseudoscorpionida. Pp. 126- 155. In, Walton, D.W. (ed.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia No. 3. (Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, Australia). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 31 Harms 1992. The phylogeny and classification of the Pseudoscorpionida (Chelicerata: Arachnida). Invertebrate Taxonomy 6:1373-1435. 2002. Short-range endemism in the Australian fauna: some examples from non-marine environments. Invertebrate Systematic 16: 555-570. 2009. The first Australasian species of the halophilic pseudoscorpion genus Paraliochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 25: 329-344. 2011. Pseudoscorpions of the World , version 2.0. Western Australian Museum, Perth, http:// www.museum.wa.gov.au/catalogues/ pseudoscorpions. Harvey, M.S. & St'ahlavsky, F, 2009. A review of the pseudoscorpion genus Oreolpium (Pseudoscorpiones, Garypinidae): with remarks on pseudoscorpions with bipolar distributions. journal of Arachnology 38: 294-308. Hoff, C.C. 1951. New species and records of chthoniid pseudoscorpions. American Museum Novitates 1483:1-13. Judson, M.L.I. 2007. A new and endangered species of the pseudoscorpion genus Lagynochthonius from a cave in Vietnam, with notes on chelal morphology and the composition of the Tyrannochthoniini (Arachnida, Chelonethi, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 1627: 53-68. Mallick, S. & Driessen, M. 2005. Listing Statement Mole Creek Cave Pseudoscorpion, Pseudotyrannochthonius typhlus Dartnall 1970. (Threatened Species Unit, Nature Conservation Branch, Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment: Tasmania). Morikawa, K. 1954. On some pseudoscorpions in Japanese lime-grottoes. Memoirs of Ehitne University (2B) 2: 79-87. Muchmore, W.B. 1967. Pseudotyrannochthoniine pseudoscorpions from the western United States. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 86:132-139. Ponder, W.F. & Colgan, D.J. 2002. What makes a narrow-range taxon? - Insights from Australian freshwater snails. Invertebrate Systematics 16: 571-582. 32 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 A review of Fedrizzia mite species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Fedrizziidae) found in association with Australian Mastachilus beetles (Coleoptera: Passalidae) Owen D. SEEMAN Natural Environment Program, Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, 4101, Australia. Email: owen.seeman@qm.qld.gov.au Citation: Seeman, O.D. 2013 10 10. A review of Fedrizzia mite species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Fedrizziidae) found in association with Australian Mastachilus beetles (Coleoptera: Passalidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum — Nature 58: 33-47. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. ABSTRACT Mites of the genus Fedrizzia from passalid beetles of the genus Mastachilus are reviewed, and two new species, Fedrizzia classeni sp. nov. and Fedrizzia humei sp. nov. are described, both associated with Mastachilus polyphyllus (Macleay, 1826). Fedrizzia oudemansi Womersley, 1959, is redescribed and shown to occur only on the southern form of Mastachilus australasicus (Percheron, 1841); previous records of this mite from M. polyphyllus are placed in F. classeni. A revised key to Fedrizzia is presented. □ Trig/naspida, Antennophorina, host-associations , passalids, new species, key. Fedrizziid mites are large, glossy brown mites that live with passalid beetles, a sub-social group of insects that live in family groups in rotting logs. Immature fedrizziid mites dwell in the beetle's tunnels where they are predators, most likely on nematodes (Seeman 2000). Once becoming adults, they move on to their host beetle where they remain closely associated for the rest of their adult life. Although they attend to their host closely, feeding from the host has never been observed. Instead, they presumably are opportunistic predators and scavengers, leaving the beetle to feed in close proximity. In the laboratory, adults fed on nematodes and used their long filamentous cheliceral excrescences to mop-up the fluids from dead microarthropods (Seeman 2000). Females deposited eggs on the substrate in the laboratory, and probably do the same in the tunnels of passalid beetles. The Fedrizziidae includes 34 species in three genera: Fedrizzia (11 species) Neofedrizzia (22 species), and Parafedrizzia (1 species) (Womersley 1959; Seeman 2007, 2009). Each passalid beetle species is host to one to seven species of fedrizziid mites, with smaller host species tending to have fewer mite species (Table 1). Mite species can also differ in geographical space. For example, Pharochilus dilatatus (Dalman, 1817) typically hosts the widespread species Neofedrizzia camini Womersley, 1959, but in the Bunya Mountains P. dilatatus is host to another species, Neofedrizzia bunyas Seeman, 2007, and N. camini is absent (Seeman 2007; Table 1). Consequently, the 34 species of Australian passalid beetles (Dibb 1938; Van Doesberg 1992) are likely to carry several times as many fedrizziid mite species. Add to this a multitude of other families of mites found on passalid beetles —12 in Australia, 25 world¬ wide—and it seems likely that Australian passalid beetles alone carry a startling number of undescribed species (Hunter 1993; Seeman 2001, 2002, 2007). I here describe two new species of Fedrizzia from Mastachilus polyphyllus (Macleay, 1826), which hitherto had not been searched for fedrizziid mites. I also redescribe Fedrizzia oudemansi Womersley, 1959, which is found on the southern form of Mastachilus australasicus (Percheron, 1841). MATERIALS AND METHODS Mites were collected from the bottom of tubes containing beetles killed in 80% ethanol, or removed from pinned specimens. The mites Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 • www.qm.qld.gov.au Seeman Table 1. Fedrizziid mites associated with Australian passalid beetles. Incidental records of mites tha^ typically have other host beetles are not included (see Seeman 2007); passalid species that cannot be verified as hosts are not included. Host sizes from Dibb (1938) and specimens in the Queensland Museum. Passalidae beetle species Host size (mm) Fedrizziidae mite species Subfamily Passalinae Analaches australiensis 2 26-30 Fedrizzia bornemisszai Austropassalus hultgreni 26-30 Neofedrizzia lepas Gonatus sp. 2 20-33 Fedrizzia bornemisszai Mastachilus australasicus (southern form) 38-42 Fedrizzia abradoalues Fedrizzia oudemansi Fedrizzia parvipilus Fedrizzia sellnicki Neofedrizzia camini Neofedrizzia tragardhi Neofedrizzia vidua Mastachilus australasicus (northern form) 44-51 Neofedrizzia brooksi Neofedrizzia helenae Neofedrizzia imparmentum Mastachilus polyphyllus 35-40 Fedrizzia classeni Fedrizzia huntei Mastachilus quaestionis 45-53 Fedrizzia parvipilus Fedrizzia sellnicki Neofedrizzia bunyas 1 Neofedrizzia camini Neofedrizzia vidua Pharochilus dilatatus 28-32 Fedrizzia abradoalves Neofedrizzia camini Neofedrizzia cynota 2 Neofedrizzia gorirossiae 2 Neofedrizzia tragardhi Pharochilus scutellonotus 36-39 Neofedrizzia camini Neofedrizzia tragardhi Subfamily Aulacocyclinae Aulacoci/clus edeutulus 23-30 Neofedrizzia canestrin ii Aulacocx/clus fracticornis 22-28 Neofedrizzia canestrinii Aulacocyclus kaupi 27-29 Neofedrizzia canestrinii Aulacocyclus teres 35-40 Neofedrizzia jeffi Neofedrizzia susanae 1 Neofedrizzia bunyas replaces N. camini in the Bunya Mountains, SE Qld. 2 Known from single record only. were then cleared in Nesbitt's fluid, mounted in Hoyer's medium, dried, and ringed with insulating varnish. Host beetles were identified with Dibb (1938) and Seeman (2002). Measure¬ ments and illustrations were made with the aid of a Nikon Eclipse 80i microscope equipped with DIC and a drawing tube. Morphology and setal designations follow those used in Seeman (2007). Measurements are in micrometres, and lengths and widths were measured at the longest or widest point of the relevant structure. Collection abbreviations are used for Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Review of Fedrizzia mites the Queensland Museum, Brisbane (QM), the Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra (ANIC), and the South Australian Museum, Adelaide (SAMA). SYSTEMATICS Fedrizzia Canestrini, 1884 Fedrizzia Canestrini, 1884: 707; Seeman (2007: 15) [modem diagnosis]. Type species: Fedrizzia grossipes Canestrini, 1884, by monotypy. Toxopeusia Oudemans, 1927: 80. Type species not designated. Synonymy by Womersley (1959). Fedrizzia classeni sp. nov. (Figs 1-3) Fedrizzia oudemansi — Seeman, 2007: 27 [only specimens from Rockwood]. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: QM-S95263, 9, Barakula State Forest, southeast Queensland, 26°26'S 150°30'E, 10-16.X.2004, C. Burwell, Cypress forest (sampcode 52067), ex Mastachilus polyphyllus (Passalidae). PARATYPES: QM-S95264-6, 9, 2 same data as holotype; QM-S74031-35, 3 9 9,2 dV, Rockwood, via Chinchilla, 1987, W. McKenzie, on passalid beetle; ANIC-51-006248, 9, data as for holotype; ANIC-51-006249, 1100.10 Fedrizzia oudemansi Womersley ?neth 25. Sternoevnal shield Sternogynal shield surrounded by smooth area extending to posterior level of Cx IV; sternal setae st3 short. Idiosoma length 900. [Australia]. . Fedrizziagrossipes Canestrini Sternogynal shield surrounded by smooth area extending no further than anterior margin of Cx IV; sternal setae st3 long, length 49-52. Idiosoma length 860. [Southeast Qld]. Fedrizzia humei sp. nov. 10. Smooth area surrounding sternogynal shield delineated by a suture, the area extensive, extending well past level of CxIII-IV. Idiosoma length 1020-1070. [Southeast Qld]. . Fedrizzia abradoalves Seeman — Smooth area surrounding sternogynal shield either narrow, the area not extending past level of CxIII-IV, or not extensive and not delineated by a suture.11 11. Lateral setae of ventrianal shield length 20-30; sternogynal shield with strong honeycomb-like reticulation. Idiosoma length 1160-1260. [Southeast Qld, Northern NSW . Fedrizzia sellnicki Womersley — Lateral setae of ventrianal shield length 10-20; sternogynal shield reticulated, but not in a strong honeycomb pattern. Idiosoma length <1100.12 12. Setae st3 length > 20, st4 length > 10. Ventri¬ anal shield length 127, width 260. Idiosoma length 930. [Northeast Qld]. . Fedrizzia derricki Womersley — Setae st3 length < 15, st4 length < 10. Ventri¬ anal shield length 139, width 406. Idiosoma length 930-1000. [eastern Qld]. . Fedrizzia bomemisszai Womersley Key to Male Fedrizzia Species 1. Femur III and IV with large lamellae, seta pvl thickened. Pedofossae III present. Exo- podal patterning between CxII-III striped. Idiosoma length 1260. [Papua New Guinea]. . Fedrizzia scutata (Womersley) — Femur III and IV without large lamellae, sometimes small distal lamella present, seta pvl not significantly thickened. Pedofossae III absent. Exopodal patterning between CxII-III spotted.2 2. Femur III and IV with small distal lamellae. .3 — Femur III and IV without lamellae.4 3. Sternoventral shield reticulate. Seta hi with bulbous base. Idiosoma length 1160. [Thailand]. Fedrizzia gilloglyi Seeman — Sternoventral shield smooth. Seta hi blade¬ like, base not bulbous. Idiosoma length 700-770. [Southeast Qld]. . Fedrizzia classeni sp. nov. 4. Sternoventral shield lineate-reticulate, smooth medially.5 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 45 Seeman — Stemoventral shield with mesh-like pattern laterally and sometimes postero-medially. .8 5. Stemoventral shield without suture posterior to genital opening, intercoxal region smooth. .6 — Stemoventral shield with suture posterior to genital opening demarking smooth (anterior) and reticulate (posterior) regions. .7 6. Seta hi with swollen base, not distally flattened. Process of palp trochanter sharp, without blunt spurs. Idiosoma length 1000-1030. [Southeast Qld]. .. • • . Fedrizzia parvipilus Seeman — Seta hi distally flattened, without swollen base. Process of palp trochanter with single sharp spur and two blunt spurs. Idiosoma length 745-770. [Southeast Qld, NSW]. . . . Fedrizzia oudemansi Womersley 7. Sternal setae st2-3 length < 10. Idiosoma length 750-880. [Papua New Guinea]. . Fedrizzia carabi Womersley — Sternal setae st2-3 length > 15. Idiosoma length 760. [Buru, Indonesia]. . Fedrizzia strandi (Oudemans) 8. Suture posterior to genital opening well separated from genital opening, at level of CxIII-IV. Idiosoma length 900. [Qld]. . . . . Fedrizzia grossipes Canestrini — Suture posterior to genital opening close to genital opening, at level of mid CxIII. Idiosoma length usually > 900.9 9. Ventrianal shield with mesh-like reticu¬ lation medially, excepting small bare patches. .10 — Ventrianal shield without mesh-like reticu¬ lation medially, lineate-reticulate instead. .12 10. Ventral shield without smooth area between, or just posterior of, Cx IV. Idiosoma length 1160-1260. [Southeast Qld]. .F. sellnicki Womersley — Ventral shield with small, medial smooth area between, or just posterior of, Cx IV Idiosoma length <1100.11 11. With smooth area on ventrianal shield, just anterior of ventrianal shield. Ventrianal shield mostly lineate-reticulate, mesh-like reticulation weak and anterior on shield. Marginal shields lineate-reticulate, without mesh-like reticulation. Idiosoma length 1020-1050. [Southeast Qld]. . Fedrizzia abradoalves Seeman — Without smooth area on ventrianal shield, just anterior of ventrianal shield. Ventrianal shield mostly covered in mesh-like reticu¬ lation. Marginal shields with areas of mesh-like reticulation. Idiosoma length 930. [Southeast Qld]. . Fedrizzia humei sp. nov. 12. Ventrianal shield length 127, width 260. Idiosoma length 930. [Northeast Qld]. . Fedrizzia derricki Womersley — Ventrianal shield length 139, width 406. Idiosoma length 905. [Eastern Qld]. . Fedrizzia bornemisszai Womersley DISCUSSION With the addition of these two species of Fedrizzia , 12 species of fedrizziid mites are now known from the three Australian species of Mastachilus (Table 1). The southern form of M. australasicus hosts seven species, but I have never captured all seven from the same beetle, with four being the typical number. The southern form of M. australasicus is not common in rainforest, which has been the focus of my previous collecting, so some of these records may represent use of this host species only when it occurs in rainforest. This may be the case for F. parvipilus, F. sellnicki and N. vidua , which are typically found on the much larger M. quaestionis , a rainforest specialist. More than one species of passalid can occupy the same log, so it is also possible that these host records represent incidental use of M. australasicus as a host. Mastachilus australasicus is common at Goomburra State Forest in open forests that fringe rainforest habitats. Here, M. australasicus hosts the remaining four species of fedrizziid mite, and none of the species found on M. quaestionis , or their host beetle, were found there. Mastachilus usually hosts species of Neofedrizzia (Table 1), and the absence of this genus from M. poh/phi/llus most likely reflects that these new species were collected from two beetles at one locality. Further collecting from this host species will almost certainly discover undescribed species of Neofedrizzia. 46 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Review of Fedrizzia mites ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am very grateful for the assistance of Hector Urbina (Louisiana State University), Justin Bartlett (Queensland Department of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries) and Chris Burwell (QM), who collected some of the new material presented in this paper, and to Leslie Chisholm (South Australian Museum), who organised the loan of the type material of F. oudemansi. I also appreciated useful comments and corrections made by Dr Bruce Halliday (Australian National Insect Collection) and an anonymous referee. Finally, I thank Barbara Baehr, who instigated this volume celebrating the bicentenary of Ludwig Leichhardt's birthday, and to QM for supporting it, which gave me the opportunity to prepare this work. LITERATURE CITED Canestrini, G. 1884. Acari dell'Australia. Atti 1st. Veneto 2: 705-723. Dibb, J.R. 1938. Synopsis of Australian Passalidae (Coleoptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 87:103-124. Hunter, P.E. 1993. Mites associated with New World passalid beetles (Coleoptera: Passalidae). Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie 58:1-37. Oudemans, A.C. 1927. Acarologische Aanteekeningen. LXXXVI. Entomologische Berichten 7(156): 227. Seeman, O.D. 2000. The immature life stages of the Fedrizziidae (Mesostigmata: Fedrizzioidea). Acarologia 41: 39-52. 2001. Myriad Mesostigmata associated with log- inhabiting arthropods. In, Halliday, R.B., Walter, D.E., Proctor, H., Norton, R.A. & Colloff, M. (Eds), Acarology: Proceedings of the 10 th International Congress. (CSIRO Publishing: Canberra). 2002. Mites and passalid beetles: diversity, taxonomy and biogeography. PhD thesis. The University of Queensland, Brisbane. 2007. Revision of the Fedrizziidae (Acari: Mesostig¬ mata: Fedrizzioidea). Zootaxa 1480:1-55. 2009. Two new species of Fedrizziidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Australian passalid beetles (Coleoptera: Passalidae). Systematic and Applied Acarology 14: 51-59. Van Doesberg P.H. 1992 A new species of Aulacocyclus from Australia (Coleoptera: Passalidae). Zoologische Mededelingen 66: 413-415. Womersley, H. 1959. Some Acarina from Australia and New Guinea paraphagic upon millipedes and cockroaches and beetles of the family Passalidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 82:11-54. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 47 , * Paradiscogaster leichhardti sp. nov. (Digenea: Faustulidae) in Chaetodontoplus meredithi (Perciformes: Pomacanthidae) from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef Pablo E. DIAZ 1 Thomas H. CRIBB 12 1. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld, 4072, Australia; 2. Biodiversity Program, Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane Qld 4101, Australia. Email: pablo.diazmorales@uqconnect.edu.au Citation: Diaz, P.E. & Cribb, T.H. 20131010: Paradiscogaster leichhardti sp. nov. (Digenea: Faustulidae) in Chaetodontoplus meredithi (Perciformes: Pomacanthidae) from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum - Nature 58:49-53. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. Accepted: 13 August 2013. ABSTRACT Paradiscogaster leichhardti sp. nov. (Digenea: Faustulidae) is described from the intestine of Chaetodontoplus meredithi (Perciformes: Pomacanthidae) from the southern Great Barrier Reef. The new species is distinguished by its elongate, spindle-shaped body and vitellarium which forms separate groups at the level of the anterior and posterior ends of the cirrus-sac. This is the second species of Paradiscogaster reported from pomacanthid fishes. □ Paradiscogaster leichhardti , Chaetodontoplus meredithi , Heron Island , Great Barrier Reef. This volume of the Memoirs of the Queensland Museum celebrates the bicentenary of the birth of the distinguished Prussian explorer and naturalist Ludwig Leichhardt, (1813 - c.1848). Leichhardt was one of several important early explorers of inland Australia and, like many of his contemporaries, his interests in natural history were very broad. However, he was exceptional in having his interests extend to the parasites found in Australian native animals. The journal of his 1844-5 expedition from Moreton Bay in south-east Queensland to Port Essington in the Northern Territory refers to a trematode from the Dawson River as follows: The water holes abounded with jew-fish and eels; of the latter we obtained a good supply; and dried two of them, which kept very well. Two species of Limnaea [sic], the one of narrow lengthened form , the other shorter and broader; a species of Paludina, and Cyclas and Unios, were frequent. The jewfish has the same distoma in its swimming bladder , which I observed in specimens in the Severn River to the southward of Moreton Bay: on examining the intestines of this fish they were full of the shells of Limnea and Cyclas. The "jew-fish" referred to here was undoubtedly Tandanus tandanus Mitchell, the common Australian freshwater catfish. The "distoma" was almost certainly Isoparorchis hyjiselobagri (Billet, 1898) (Isoparorchiidae) the largest and most striking trematode yet reported from an Australian freshwater fish, growing as it does to several cm in length (Johnston 1927; Cribb 1988). The species was described from Australia as Isoparorchis tandani Johnston, 1927 but is presently known under the name /. hypselobagri. We note that Leichhardt's keen observations on the diet of the fish would have led him to excellent work in the elucidation of trematode life cycles in another era and with different opportunities. In these circumstances it is our pleasure to celebrate his achievements Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 • www.qm.qld.gov.au 49 Diaz & Cribb :aims Gladstc ne risbane HERON ISLAND Gladstone Bundaberg Brisbane HERON ISLAND Sydney FIG. 1. Position of Heron Island, Queensland. by the description of a trematode species in his honour. Pnrndiscogaster Yamaguti, 1934 is the largest genus in the trematode family Faustulidae. It was proposed by Yamaguti (1934) with Paradiscognster pyriformis Yamaguti, 1934 as the type-species. Species of Paradiscognster are known from 13 families of fishes of which seven, the Carangidae, Chaetodontidae, Drepaneidae, Monacanthidae, Ostraciidae, Pomacanthidae and Triacanthidae, each have more than one species. This study describes a new species of Paradiscognster found in the pomacanthid Chaetodontoplus mereditlii Kuiter, 1990. The Pomacanthidae is infected by one other species of Paradiscognster, P. machidai Cribb, Anderson & Bray, 1999 reported from Pomacanthus semicirculatus (Cuvier, 1831) and P. sexstriatus (Cuvier, 1831) (Cribb et al. 1999). MATERIALS AND METHODS Trematodes were collected from freshly- killed fish hosts from off Heron Island (23° 26' 31" S, 151° 54' 50" E), Great Barrier Reef (Fig. 1). Specimens were fixed by,pipetting them into near boiling saline followed by immediate preservation in 5% formalin for morphological study (Cribb & Bray 2010). The worms were washed with fresh water, stained with Mayer's haematoxylin, destained with 1% HC1, neutralized with NH V dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol (50%, 75%, 90%, 95% and 100%), and cleared using methyl salicylate. Specimens were then mounted on slides with Canada 50 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Paradiscogaster leichhardti sp. nov. (Digenea: Faustulidae) balsam. Measurements were taken using an Olympus BH-2 microscope with a calibrated eyepiece micrometer and Spot Insight™ digital camera (Diagnostic Instruments, Inc.) using SPOT™ imaging software. Worms were drawn using a drawing tube, Intuos3 9x12 and Intuos4 6x9 graphics tablets and Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop CS4 software. All measurements are in micrometers (pm) and are given as the range followed by the mean in parentheses. SYSTEMATICS Phylum: Platyhelminthes Class: Trematoda Order: Plagiorchiida Family: Faustulidae Poche, 1926 Paradiscogaster leichhardti sp. nov. (Fig. 2) Etymology. The species is named for Ludwig Leichhardt (1813-C.1848) an early explorer and naturalist in inland Australia. Type host. Chaetodontoplus meredithi (Cuvier, 1831) (Perciformes: Pomacanthidae). Other hosts, nil Type-locality, off Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia (23° 26' 31" S, 151° 54' 50" E). Site in host. Intestine. Prevalence. 2 of 29 Type-specimens. Holotype - G234287; Paratypes - G234288-234291 Description. [Measurements are of 5 gravid specimens.] Body elongate, fusiform, 1722- 1912 (1831) x 450-543 (508) (Fig. 2). Tegument spinose and 10-16 thick; spines reaching into anterior hindbody. Forebody 647-747 (692) long, occupying 34.8-41.8 (40.6)% of body length. Oral sucker subglobuJar, sub terminal, 135-168 (157) x 162-178 (172). Prepharynx short, distinct, always within posterior cavity of oral sucker. Pharynx small, oval, longer than wide, 44-53 (48) x 28- 30 (29). Oesophagus 129-391 (260) long. Caeca short, saccular, terminate in forebody, 302-328 (315) long. Ventral sucker large and distinctly FIG. 2. Paradiscogaster leichhardti sp. nov. A, ventral view; B, lateral view. Scale Bar 200 pm. squared, without anterior or posterior semi¬ circular muscular appendage, in mid-body, 226-272 (248) x 364-411 (387). Testes subglobular, opposite, reach to near or overlap posterior margin of ventral sucker; left testis 105-177 (130) x 95-154 (111); right testis 91-122 (106) x 81-97 (88). Cirrus-sac entirely in forebody, 175-220 (192) x 102-137 (119). Internal seminal vesicle bipartite. Pars prostatica narrow, ensheathed by 2 concentric layers, inner with anuclear cell-like bodies and filaments, outer with gland-cells. Ejaculatory duct short. Cirrus small, papilla-like. Genital atrium distinct. Genital pore median, just posterior to intestinal bifurcation. Ovary subglobular, pre-testicular, at level of ventral sucker, slightly sinistral, separated from testes by uterus or not depending on development of uterus, 61-69 (65) x 68-84 (74). Canalicular Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 51 Diaz & Cribb seminal receptacle, rounded, dorsal to testes. Laurer's canal opens dorsally just posterior to testes, sometimes on slight protuberance. Vitelline follicles distributed in two lateral groups; anterior group centred on level of anterior margin of cirrus-sac and intestinal bifurcation to the caeca; posterior group centred on level of posterior margin of cirrus-sac. Uterine coils extensive in hindbody to close to posterior extremity, not at all developed in forebody. Eggs numerous, tanned, operculate, 23-28 (26) x 13-14 (13.5). Excretory pore terminal. Excretory vesicle obscured by eggs in all specimens. DISCUSSION This species clearly agrees with Parndiscogaster as conceived by Bray (2008). This genus has grown to 22 species of which the greatest concentration (6 species) occur in chaetodontids (Bray et al 1994; Cribb et al. 1999). The current species is clearly distinct within the genus in the body form, being elongated and narrow but widest at the level of the ventral sucker. The vitelline follicles are unique in being dis¬ tributed laterally in two groups at the level of the anterior and posterior ends of the cirrus-sac. The Pomacanthidae has some importance as hosts of faustulids. Three genera have been reported. Antorchis Linton, 1911 is represented by three species, Parndiscogaster is represented by two species (including P. leichhardti sp. nov.), and Pseudobncciger Nahhas & Cable, 1964 by just one species which is also reported from non- pomacanthids, mainly clupeids and engraulids (Madhavi 1975; Margolis 1965; Korotaeva 1969; Dimitrov et al. 1999; Gaevskaya 1996; Chun et al. 1981; Chun & Kim 1982). Despite the richness of the genus Chaetodontoplus, 14 species according to Froese and Pauly (2013), only one has previously been reported as a host for faustulids; Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis (Schlegel, 1844) is reported to harbour A. tsushimaensis (Machida 1971) Machida 1975 in Japanese waters (Machida 1971; Machida 1975). Our records suggest that P. leichhardti sp. nov. may be specific to Chaetodontoplus mereaithi in that we have found it in 2 of 29 specimens of that species at Heron Island, but none of 24 individuals of four species of Centropyge or nine individuals of two species of Pomacanthus. Both Pomacanthus species, P. semicirculatus and P. sexstriatus, are regularly infected by Antorchis pomacanthi (Hafeezullah & Siddiqi, 1970) and Parndiscogaster machidai at Heron Island (Cribb et al. 1999). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank the staff of the Heron Island Research Station for field support and the Australian Biological Resources Study and Australian Research Council for ongoing support to T. H. Cribb. LITERATURE CITED Bray, R.A. 2008. Family Faustulidae Poche, 1926. Pp 509-522. In, Bray, - R. A., Gibson, D. I. & Jones, A. (eds). Keys to the Trematoda, Volume 3. (CABl Publishing and the Natural History Museum: Wallingford). Bray, R.A., Cribb, T.H. & Barker, S.C. 1994. Fellodistomidae and Lepocreadiidae (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) from chaetodontid fishes (Perciformes) from Heron Island, Southern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 8: 545-581. Chun, S.K. & Kim Y.G. 1982. [Studies on the life history of the trematode parasitic in Mereti'ix lusorid Roding] (In Korean). Bulletin of National Fisheries University of Busan 22: 31-44. Chun, S.K., Chang D.S., Park C.K., Kim Y.G. & Rho Y.G. 1981. [basic studies for the production of the hard clam Meretrix lusoria (Roding) in Jeonbug farming area] (In Korean). Bulletin of Fisheries Research and Development Agency 26:7-3o. Cribb, T.H. 1988. Two new digenetic trematodes from Australian freshwater Fishes with notes on previously described species, journal of Natural History, 22: 27-43. Cribb, T.H., Anderson G.R. & Bray R.A. 1999. Faustulid trematodes (Digenea) from marine fishes of Australia. Systematic Parasitology 44:119-138. Cribb, T.H. & Bray R.A. 2010. Gut wash, body soak, blender and heat-fixation: approaches to the effective collection, fixation and preservation of trematodes of fishes. Systematic Parasitology 76:1-7. Dimitrov, G.I., Bray R.A. & Gibson D.I. 1999. A redescription of Pseudobncciger harengulae Yamaguti, 1938) (Digenea: Faustulidae) rom Svrattus sprattus phalericus (Risso) and Engraulis encrastcholus ponticus Alexandrov off 52 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Paradiscogaster leichhardti sp. nov. (Digenea: Faustulidae) the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, with a review of the genus Pseudobacciger Nahhas & Cable, 1964. Systematic Parasitology 43:133-146. Froese R., Pauly D. 2013. "FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version (02/2013)/' Gaevskaya, A.V. 1996. [New records of trematodes from eastern Atlantic fishes] (In Russian). Parazitologiya 30: 504-509. Johnston, T.H. 1927. New trematodes from an Australian siluroid. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 51:129-136. Korotaeva, V.D. 1969. [Helminths of some food-fishes of the order Clupeiformes in the sea near Australia and New Zealand] (In Russian). Problemy Parazitologii. Trudy Nauchnoi Konferentsii Parazitologov USSR 6: 237-238. Machida, M. 1971. Fellodistomid trematodes from marine fishes near the Tsushima Islands in the Sea of Japan. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo 14:187-193. 1975. Two species of digenetic trematodes from marine fishes of the Tsushima Islands, with reference to Parantorchiinae. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo ; Series A, Zoology/ 1:183-189. Madhavi, R. 1975. Digenetic trematodes from marine fishes of Waltair Coast, Bay of Bengal. Family Fellodistomatidae. Rivista di Parassitologia 36: 267-278. Margolis, L. & Ching H.L. 1965. Review of the trematode genera Bacciger and Pentagramma (Fellodistomidae) and description of P. petrowi (Layman, 1930) n. comb, from marine fishes from the Pacific Coast of Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 43: 381-405. Yamaguti, S. 1934. Studies on the helminth fauna of Japan. Part 2. Trematodes of fishes, I. Japanese Journal of Zoology 5: 249-541. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 53 4 v A review of the Onthophagus posf/ct/s-group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) of Australian dung beetles with five new species. G.B. MONTEITH Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane Qld 4101 Australia Email: geoff.monteith@bigpond.com R.l. STOREY* Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forestry, PO Box 1054, Mareeba Qld 4880 Australia * deceased 14 June 2008 Citation. Monteith, G.B. & Storey, R.l. 2013 10 10: A review of the Onthophagus posticus- group (Coleoptera. Scarabaeidae. Scarabaeinae) of Australian dung beetles with five new species Memoirs of the Queensland Museum - Nature 58: 55-72. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. Accepted: 4 July 2013. ABSTRACT Five new species of the scarabaeine dung beetle genus Onthophagus Latreille 1802, are described in the Onthophagus posticus- group, from Queensland and New South Wales, Australia: 0. dryander sp. nov., 0* leichhardti sp. nov., 0. murgon sp. nov., 0. penedwardsae sp. nov. and 0. toopi sp. nov. New distribution information is given for the other members the species group and the ranges of all species are mapped. A revised key is given to the twelve species now known in the species group. □ Onthophagus posticus , dung beetles , new species, Australia. The cosmopolitan dung beetle genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is one of the largest genera of animals with in excess of 2300 described species. Understanding its phylogeny and application of that to its taxonomic classification is a major challenge being undertaken by global studies based on both morphology and molecules (Emlen et al. 2005; Monaghan et al. 2007; Tarasov & Solodovnikov 2011). Preliminary outcomes indicate that much of tire Australian fauna may be a monophyletic radiation, though few Australian species have been included in analyses. The Australian species were comprehensively revised by Matthews (1972) who erected a series of 24 defined species groups as a means of dealing with the diversity. These groups were inherently artificial as they applied only to the Australian fauna but had great practical value, especially for identification purposes, and the system was followed by subsequent authors who have described additional species of Australian Onthophagus (Storey 1977; Storey & Weir 1990). The fauna was catalogued by Cassis & Weir (1992) and updated in the Australian Faunal Directory on line (AFD 2013). Currently there are 198 species of Onthophagus in the literature from Australia. Of these, 192 are native species, two of which are not recognisable in the absence of specimens and were treated as 'nomina inquirenda' by Matthews (1972), viz O. granum Lansberge 1885 and O. crotchi Harold 1871. The other six are introduced species: one is a global 'tramp' which entered Australia prior to 1900 (O. dcpressus Harold 1871; Matthews 1972) and the other five are African species introduced intentionally to facilitate cattle dung removal (O. binodis Thunberg 1818, O. nigriventris d'Orbigny 1902, O. obliquus (Olivier 1789), O. Sagittarius (Fabricius 1781) and O. taurus (Schreber 1759) (Anon. 2008). Another African Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 • www.qm.qld.gov.au 55 Monteith & Storey introduction, usually ascribed to Onthophagus in non-taxonomic literature, is more properly referred to as Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius 1787) (AFD 2013). Intensive surveying of dung beetles in Australia in the last thirty years has revealed many additional undescribed species of Onthophagus. This paper deals with Matthews' posticus -group and describes five new species within the taxonomic structure of the genus established by him. The group is confined to Tasmania and the moister parts of eastern Australia, extending inland to a maximum of 370 km from the coast (Fig 8). The greatest diversity is in southeast Queensland which has five species. STUDY MATERIAL Specimens are lodged in the Queensland Museum, Brisbane (QM), the Queensland Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Brisbane (QDPC), the Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Canberra (ANIC), the Australian Museum, Sydney (AM) and the Museum of Victoria, Melbourne (MV). All specimens previously published as being in the University of Queensland Collection (UQIC) have now been merged with QM. Label data for holotypes is cited in full but for other specimens abbreviations of some common collector names are used: G.B. Monteith (GBM), D.J. Cook (DJC). Other abbreviations used include New South Wales (NSW), Queensland (Qld), National Park (NP), State forest (SF), Environmental Park (EP), flight intercept trap (FIT). About 4500 specimens have been available in total, and study has been facilitated by access to databases of the relevant museum collections which were validated by GBM during visits to the museums on behalf of the ANHAT (Australian National Heritage Assessment Tool) project of the then Commonwealth Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts in 2007/08. All specimens are listed for the new species but it is impractical to list the copious new specimen data for described species. Only important records from specific localities are mentioned for these species in the text, but all museum records contribute to the distribution maps in Figure 8. Additional Queensland map distribution points are derived from unpublished survey collections made in recent years at Lamington NP (G.B.M. & Rosa Menendez), Beechmont Plateau (G.B.M. & Susan Cully), Moggill Creek (G.B.M. & Tania Kenyon) and Thiaki Creek (G.B.M., Rosa Menendez & Tania Kenyon), some points from which are not vouchered by museum specimens. GBM and T.A. Weir have devised an informal code number system for known undescribed species of Australian dung beetles (e.g. Onthophagus CQ6) and these are used in Australian museum databases and in some publications. The previous code name is given with the description of each of the new species. SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 Onthophagus posticus- group Mathews' (1972) definition of the posticus- group, in which he recognised seven species, is modified below to incorporate the five additional species treated in this paper. All twelve species now recognised run to the posticus -group in Matthews' key to his Australian species groups. Information derived from Matthews' key, from the key to species presented in the current paper, and from the revised species-group definition given below should be taken as adding to the diagnosis of the new species described in this paper. Description. Total length 4-8 mm. Eyes strongly to moderately narrow, with 4-9 facet rows across at the widest point, separated by 8-18 eye widths, canthus incomplete or just touching the occipital edge. Head upper surface glabrous except for row of short setae parallel to clypeal margin. Labium variably excised, from shallowly to almost half way to base. Pronotum glabrous, smooth. Elytra always with discal portion of intervals 1-6 glabrous, entirely glabrous in O. arrilla, O. leichhardti, O, murgon, O. millamilla and most O. turrbnl 56 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 A review of the Onthophagus posticus -group Male with frontoclypeal suture always effaced, vertex unarmed, or with a small conical tubercle near each eye (O. nrrilla, O. penedwardsae, O. posticus and O. mulgtavei), or a low swelling between the eyes which is sometimes sub-carinate (O. leichhardti, O. yackatoon , O. penedwardsae and minor O. posticus). Pronotum unsculptured or with a small median, anterior swelling in major males. Fore tibiae elongated and narrowed, with a distal brush of long setae in a cylindrical curved pencil arising from the inner apex (setae more dispersed in O. toopi, O. dryander and O. yackatoon). Inner apical angle of tibia pointed and bent down. Female without modified forelegs, with fronto¬ clypeal suture present at centre and vertex unarmed except O. posticus, O. leiclihardti and O. yackatoon which have a transverse swelling, faint in the last. CHECKLIST OF SPECIES XIX. POSTICUS-group 1. Onthophagus arrilla Matthews, 1972 2. Onthophagus dryander sp. nov. (CQ11) 3. Onthophagus incornutus Macleay, 1871 — Onthophagus semihirtus Frey, 1963 4. Onthophagus leiclihardti sp. nov. (CQ3 & NSW3) 5. Onthophagus millamilla Matthews, 1972 6. Onthophagus mulgravei Paulian, 1937 7. Onthophagus rnurgon sp. nov. (CQ7) 8. Onthophagus penedwardsae sp. nov. (NQ12) 9. Onthophagus posticus Erichson, 1842 — Onthophagus flavolineatus Blanchard, 1853 — Onthophagus leechi Frey, 1959 10. Onthophagus toopi sp. nov. (CQ6) 11. Onthophagus turrbal Matthews, 1972 12. Onthophagus yackatoon Storey & Weir, 1990 KEY TO SPECIES OF THE ONTHOPHAGUS POSTICUS SPECIES GROUP 1. Pygidium and elytra glabrous.2 — Pygidium setose; elytra often with setae on at least interval 8.3 2. Black with a red or orange humeral patch on each elytron; frons and clypeus of male smooth, minutely and sparsely punctate; clypeal suture of female evenly curved, continuous (Bulburin to SE Qld, NE NSW) .. arrilla Matthews — Uniformly black; both sexes with clypeus rugose-punctate and frons coarsely punctate; clypeal suture of female with centre straight, not joining genal sections (inland NSW and S Qld). leiclihardti sp. nov. 3. Elytra with setae along full length of interval 8, and often on apices of other intervals.4 — Elytra usually glabrous, at most with scattered setae along anterior half of interval 8.9 4. Male with a small conical tubercle on vertex on the inner side of each eye.5 — Male without conical tubercles on head . 7 5. Setae extending full length of interval 7; pronotum with coarse punctures separated by width of one puncture; male pronotum sometimes with a low median swelling at front margin; body and legs uniformly black (inland N Qld). penedwardsae sp. nov. — If setae present on interval 7, they are only on posterior half; pronotal punctures finer, usually separated by more titan one diameter; male pronotum without anterior, median swelling; often with paler patches on elytra, pronotum, pygidium, underside and/or legs; usually with a greenish tinge.6 6. Pronotal punctures larger, separated by 1-2 diameters; colour variable, often with pale margins to the pronotum, pale longitudinal bars at base and apex of elytra, pale pygidium, and pale legs and venter; each elytron often with a circular deposit in centre (NE Qld to tip of Cape York). mulgravei Paulian — Pronotal punctures very small, sep¬ arated by many diameters; body dark with greenish "tinge, occasionally with vague pale areas at base and apex of elytra; never with deposits on elytra (NE NSW, S Qld and high altitude in N Qld) . incornutus Macleay 7. Surfaces of head, pronotum, elytra and Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 57 Monteith & Storey pygidium nitid, shining black, without trace of shagreening; setae on pygidium long, white, straight and pointing downwards, distributed over whole surface (central coastal Qld). dryander sp. nov. — Surface of at least pygidium shagreened, dull; setae on pygidium erect, curled, pale brown, sparsely distributed on sides only .8 8. Surface of pronotum and elytra shagreened; no transverse carina between eyes; colour black with orange humeral patches on elytra (central coastal Qld). .. toopi sp. nov. — Surface of pronotum and elytra nitid; a low carina between eyes, more pronounced in male; colour uniformly black (inland N NSW) . yackatoon Storey & Weir 9. Male with a median, anterior swelling on the pronotum; minor male and female with transverse carina on vertex; even numbered intervals of elytra usually pale giving elytra a striped appearance; scattered setae on anterior part of interval 8 (Tas, Vic, SE SA) . posticus Erichson — Both sexes with pronotum evenly convex; without transverse carina on head; elytra never striped in appearance; usually without setae on interval 8.10 10. Size smaller, less than 4.5 mm in length; eyes very narrow, almost linear, 4-5 facets in width, separated by 12-15 eye widths; colour polymorphic in both sexes, may be uniformly black, or black with orange humeral spots, or black with basal and apical bands of elytra and pronotal margins orange; without setae on interval 8 (inland S Qld.). murgoni sp. nov — Size larger, usually more that 6 mm in length; eyes wider, oval, 7-8 facets in width, separated by 9-10 eye widths; colour usually uniformly dark, often with green tinge, occasionally with indistinct pale patches on humeri and elytral apices; sometimes (in some O. turrbal populations with setae on anterior part of interval 8).11 11. Male genitalia as in Fig 7D, with apices of parameres not strongly deflexed against phallobase; never with setae on interval 8; often with greenish tinge; rarely highly shagreened; restricted to rainforested mountains in NE Qld between 16°S and 18.5°S. millamilla Matthews — Male genitalia as in Fig 7E, with apices of parameres deflexed to almost contact phallobase; rarely with greenish tinge; often highly shagreemed; restricted to rainforests of N NSW and SE Qld between 26.5°S and 29.0°S. turrbal Matthews Females and very minor males will not be differentiated at Couplet 4 in the above key. Running them through both halves of that couplet and checking against distribution and figures should achieve a correct identification. Ortthopltagus arrilla Matthews, 1972 (Figs 1A, 7A, 8) Distribution (Fig. 8). This distinctive rainforest species (Fig 1A) was described from Mt Tamborine, Murwillumbah and Woodenbong (Matthews 1972). Williams & Williams (1983a, b, 1984) and Williams (1993, 2002) recorded if from several coastal NSW localities as far south as Buladelah. Storey (1974) recorded it from Victoria Park near Lismore in NSW and from Bulburin SF, Qld. It is now known from about 450 specimens in AM, ANIC, QM and QDPC from 169 localities over a 950 km north/south range, never far from the coast. Significant new records from NSW include Wishing Well Forest Park (33°06'S, 151°23'E), Bellingen River, Boundary Creek SF, Ewingar SF and Beaury SF (all AM). In Queensland numerous QM records show it occurs in the Border Ranges from Tallebudgera west to Wilson's Peak, in the western suburbs of Brisbane, and in the D'Aguilar, Conondale, Jimna and Blackall Ranges, and in lowlands to as far north as Tinana Creek at Maryborough. There is a disjunction of 160 km in its distribution between Tinana Creek and the outlying, northern, upland pop¬ ulation at Bulburin. Aedeagus as in Fig % 7A. 58 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 A review of the Onthophagus posticus -group FIG. 1. I he described species of the Onthophagus posticus group. A, Onthophagus arrilla Matthews, male; B, O. incornutus Macleay, male; C, O. millamilla Matthews, male; D, O. mulgravei Paulian, male; E, 0. posticus Erichson, female; F, O. yackatoon Storey & Weir, male. Scale lines 1 mm. Onthophagus dryander sp. nov. (Fig. 2/7B, 8) Etymology. Named for the mountain, just east of the town of Proserpine, on which it was collected. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: S, C.Qld: 20°15'S x 148°33'E, Mt Dryander, 650 m, 21 Nov 92 - mid Apr 1993, D. Cook & G.B. Monteith, RF (rainforest) intercept and pitfalls (in QM, QMT156620). PARATYPES: 3$, same data as holotype (in QM, QMT156617-156618). Description. Upperside, underside and legs nitid, shining black except for reddish-orange bases of elytral intervals 2,4,6 and 7, those of 6 and 7 coalescing to form an oval humeral spot on each side. Two females with more extensive reddish colouration across the base and apex Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 59 Monteith & Storey FIG. 2. Onthophagus dryander sp. nov. A, male, dorsal view; B, female, head and fore tibia; C, male, head; D, male, pygidium; E, male, fore tibia. Scale lines 0.5 mm. of elytra. Antennal clubs fuscous. Total length down the inner shaft of the tibia. Spur short- 4.0-4.9 mm. ened, curved downwards. Male. Head. Clypeal margin medially weakly bilobed, rest of margin straight until genal angles, which are obtusely rounded. Clypeal suture with frontal section entirely effaced. Frons flat, without elevations. Eyes very' narrow, 5 facet rows in width, separated by 16 eye widths, canthus incomplete but almost closed. Surface smooth, nitid, with very fine punctures evenly and sparsely scattered over entire surface, glabrous. Pronotum. Evenly, feebly convex, unsculptured. Anterior angles subacute, apices angulate. All edges with narrow marginal bead. Surface smooth, glabrous, nitid; punctures very small, scattered evenly over entire surface, separated by 6-7 diameters. Elytra. Intervals flat, smooth, nitid, with scattered small punctures. Striae nitid with small regular punctures. Numerous straight, white, pointed setae present along entire length of last interval, all recumbent obliquely upwards. Legs. Fore tibiae slightly elongated and narrowed, inner apical angle acute and bent downwards, bearing a sparse tuft of long curved setae about 1.5 times length of spur, which extends slightly Abdomen. Pygidium convex, nitid, uniformly covered with moderate punctures, each bearing a straight, white, pointed, recumbent seta directed obliquely downwards. Aedeagus as in Fig. 7B. Female. Clypeal suture complete, uniformly weakly curved, carinate in central four fifths. Clypeal surface strongly transversely rugose. Frons with weak, central, triangular impression. Pronotal surface nitid. Fore tibiae unmodified. Otherwise like male. Comments. Known only from a small series from long-term unbaited trap collections in rainforest slightly below the summit of 775 m high Mt Dryander, close to the coast and forming a northern extension of the Conway Range (Fig. 8). Its shiny colours and small eyes indicate it is probably a diurnal species. Its closest relative seems to be O. toopi, another localised rainforest species from 400 km to the south. Both are small, setose, coloured species with the male fore tibial brush composed of dispersed setae instead of a tight cylindrical pencil. Onthophagus dryander has been referred by the code name Onthophagus CQ11. 60 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 A review of the Onthophagus posticus -group Onthophagus incomutus Macleay, 1871 (Figs IB, 7C,8) Distribution (Fig. 8). Since Matthew's 1972 distribution map, extra records have been published from coastal NSW by Williams & Williams (1983c) and Williams (1993,2003) while Storey (1973 a, b) recorded it from Bald Mountain and Inglewood in Qld. Queensland sites where it was taken during a survey of pasture dung beetles in 2001-2002 are mapped by Edwards (2003). Emberson & Matthews (1973) noted its accidental introduction to New Zealand. This is one of the commonest dung beetles in eastern Australia (Fig IB) and almost 1500 specimens are available from 16 localities in eastern New South Wales, 291 localities in southern Queensland and 26 localities within an isolated montane population in the Qld Wet Tropics, over a north/south range of 2100 km. Within NSW its southern limit is extended to the Illawarra region, south of Sydney (Mt Keira, QM) and its western limit to Reedy Creek and Ramomie SF (AM). In Qld the southern population is common in suburban Brisbane and extends west to central highlands of Carnarvon NP and north almost to Mackay (QM). Most of the inland occurrences in Qld are in vine scrubs. Matthew (1972) discusses geographic overlap and colour pattern intergrading with its close relative, O. mulgravei, at the northern end of the Atherton Tableland in the Wet Tropics. This region has now been intensively surveyed for many years. Onthophagus incomutus has a relictual pattern in high altitude open forests along the western fringe of the mountain systems (Ravenshoe, Millstrean Falls, Tumoulin, Wondecla, Walsh Range, Tinaroo, Atherton, W of Julatten, Windsor Tableland, QM & ANIC), while O. mulgravei extends up from the lowlands to occupy the lower and drier rainforests of the northern Atherton Tableland (Kuranda, Wongabel, Tolga, Gillies Highway, QM, QDPC, ANIC). Neither species occurs in the wetter, higher rainforests of the southern Tableland where their place is taken by congener O. millaniilla . Some specimens of O. incomutus from open forests at Tinaroo and Yungaburra have incipient mulgravei-type colour patterns, but are distinguishable by their small pronotal punctures. The apparent genetic tension between the two species in this area, where they are closely contiguous in different habitats, is probably related to that described in the same general area between species pairs of Temnoplectron as a result of temporal fluidity of the Black Mountain biogeographic barrier (Reid & Storey 2000; Bell et al 2003). Aedeagus shown in Fig. 7C. Onthophagus leichhardti sp. nov. (Figs 3, 7D,8) Etymology. Named for the daring and erudite explorer, Ludwig Leichhardt, in the 200 th anniversary of his birth. His route in mid-November 1844 (Fig.8) passed through the western limit of the range of this species, just north of the present township of Taroom. Perhaps the species feasted on his leavings. Leichhardt battled to get his men, horses and bullocks through the dense brigalow scrubs and prickly vine forests which form the habitat of this species. Sadly, today they are mostly gone. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: ?, QLD: 26°04'S, 150°49'S, "Wonga Hills", site 2, 4-5Mar2002, dung trap, Monteith &: Cook, vine scrub, 500 m (in QM, QMT109042). PARATYPES (139): 9c? 9$, same data (2c? 2$ in ANIC; 1,? 1$ in QDPC; 1 Bank of Merri Merri Creek, 2.5 km N of Quambone, 30.90633°S, 147.85933°E, 24 Nov.-14 Dec. 1999, L. Wilkie, R. Harris, T. Moulds (AM KS77489, PBI_OON 20166); 1 3 . same data (AM KS77491, PBI_OON 20168); 1 $, ca. 40 km along Bruxner Highway from Bonshaw to Tenterfield; 150 m S of road, 29.00716°S, 151.50416°E, 22 Nov.-13 Dec. 2001, Michael G. Elliott (AM KS83451, PBI_OON 19765); 1 $, same data (AM KS83458, PBI.OON 19769); 1 3 , same data (AM KS83448, PBI.OON 19772); 1 $, same data (AM KS83452, PBI_OON 19773); 1 3 , 1 9, same data (AM KS83439, PBI_OON 19776); 1 $, Carinda-Walgett Road at turnoff to 'Allawa' Station, 30.12350°S, 147.93983°E, 25 Nov.-15 Dec. 1999, L. Wilkie et al. (AM KS77499, PBI.OON 20164); 1 3 , Castlereagh Highway, 1.7 km N of junction with Gwydir Highway, 29.89233°S, 148.15933°E, 13 Dec. 1999, F. Christie, P. Flemons, M. Elliott (AM KS77508, PBI_OON 20161); 2 3, Crown Res., 8.9 km along Bukkulla-Ashford Road, 29.42650°S, 151.06966°E, 22 Nov.-13 Dec. 2001, H. Doherty, M. Elliott (AM KS83445, PBI_OON 19770); 1 3, Gwydir Highway, 33.4 km NE of Walgett, opposite Calgary turnoff, 29.68483°S, 148.35833°E, 21 Nov.-U Dec. 1999, F. Christie, P. Flemons, M. Elliott (AM KS77507, PBI_OON 20169); 1 3 , Koorawatha Nature Reserve, eucalypt forest, litter, 34.03194°S, 148.59972°E, 437m, 15 Nov. 2010, B. Baehr (AM KS116479, PBI_OON 23529); 1 9/ Kwiambal National Park, E side of park, 150 m S of road, 29.17433°S, 151.00300°E, 22 Nov.- 13 Dec. 2001, H. Dohert, M. Elliott (AM KS83456, PBI_OON 19767); 1 9, same data (AM KS83455, PBI_OON 19775); 1 9/ Linton Nature Reserve, 700 m W of Reserve entrance, 30.45633°S, 150.88533°E, 18 Nov.-9 Dec. 2001, H. Doherty, M. Elliott (AM KS83450, PBI_OON 19771); 1 d, 1 9# Linton Nature Reserve, SW comer of Reserve, 60 m E of road, 30.45750°S, 150.85766°E, 18 Nov.-9 Dec. 2001, H. Doherty, M. Elliott (AM KS83438, PBI_OON 19785); 1 9, Severn State Forest, Athol wood Loop Road, 29.07133°S, 151.00883°E, 22 Nov.-13 Dec. 2001, L. Wilkie, H. Smith (AM KS83604, PBI_OON 19127); 1 3, same data (AM KS83442, PBI.OON 19766); 1 3, same data (AM KS83444, PBI_OON 19774). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition in honour of the Australian Bioloeical Resources Study's BushBlitz program which supports taxonomic work and field excursions (www.bushblitz.org.au). Diagnosis. Males and females resemble those of O. gerstmeieri in having a flat body, with scuto-pedicel region less than Vi of diameter of pedicel and paired scutal ridges slightly arched, connected medially. Males can be distinguished by the short medially striated bulbal tip (Fig. 35H). In females the epigastric area in ventral view has epigastric fold (EF) with small semicircular concavity and tiny triangular knob (Figs 36F, G). Description. Male (PBI_OON 19774, Figs 35A- J). Total length 1.18. Prosoma, mouthparts, abdominal scutae and legs pale orange. Carapace ovoid in dorsal view, pars cephalica flat in lateral view, with angular posterolateral comers, sides striated; lateral margin rebordered, with denticles. Eyes small, ALE: 0.052; PME: 0.053; PLE: 0.046, PME largest, ALE circular, PME oval; posterior eye row straight from both above and front; ALE separated by their radius to diameter, ALE-PLE separated by less than ALE radius, PME touching for less than half their length, PLE-PME separated by less than PME radius. Sternum longer than wide, with radial furrows between coxae HI, II-III, III-IV, furrows with rows of small pits. Abdomen, scuto-pedicel region less than l /i diameter of pedicel, with paired curved scutal ridges connected at middle. Palpal patella 0.220 long, 0.117 wide, connected to femur at 0.40; bulb ventrally strongly bulging, tip short spatulate, medially striated, 'fenestra' wide (Figs 35H, I). Female (PBI.OON 19769, Figs 36A-G). Total length 1.47. Eyes, ALE: 0.056; PME: 0.052; PLE: 0.045, ALE largest. Epigastric area, ventral view, epigastric fold (EF) with small semicircular concavity and tiny triangular knob; in dorsal view paddle-like sclerite (PSc) with straight arms, bent at the end; nail-like process (Na) long conical; globular appendix (GAp) a short knob-shaped. 130 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea Distribution. This species is known only from inland New South Wales. Opopaea gerstmeieri Baehr, sp. nov. (Figs 37A-J, 38A-G) Material examined. Holotype $: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Girilambone Road, 5.4 km S of Monkey Bridge, Casuarina, litter, 30.89200°S, 147.05533°E, 13, Dec. 1999, L. Wilkie, R. Harris, T. Moulds (AM KS116464, PBI_OON 23608). Allotype $: collected with holotype (AM KS67747, PBI.OON 07588). Other material examined. AUSTRALIA: New South Wales : 1 <3, 23.5 km N of Mulwala, 'Savernake' Station, 35.77416°S, 146.02433°E, D. Freudenberger (AM KS84560, PBI_OON 20198); 1 d, Coleambally Irrigation Area, 34.92633°S, 146.05833°E, 16 Dec. 1998, L. Wilkie, S. Priday (AM KS67715, PBI_OON 7590); 1 3, Coleambally Irrigation Area, 34.93500°S, 145.77516°E, 14 Dec. 1998, L. Wilkie, S. Priday (AM KS68929, PBl_OON 7688); 1 $, Coleambally Irrigation Area, 35.00033°S, 145.82483°E, 14 Dec. 1998, L. Wilkie, S. Priday (AM KS68938, PBI_OON 7693); 1 <$, Pooginook Wildlife Refuge, 34.85916°S, 145.70083°E, 14 Dec. 1998, L. Wilkie, S. Priday [AM KS67747, PBI.OON 07588); 1 $, same data (AM KS67735, PBI_ (DON 07597); 1 S, same data (AM KS58264, PBLOON 7618); 1 2, Pooginook Wildlife Sanctuary, 34.90383°S, 145.66833 0 E, 14 Dec. 1998, L. Wilkie, S. Priday (AM KS67578, PBI.OON 7647); 1 3, same data (AM KS68955, PBI.OON 7700); 1 $, Pooglinook Wildlife Refuge, 34.87100°S, 145.68733°E, 14 Dec. 1998, L. Wilkie, 5. Priday (AM KS68980, PBLOON 7706). Etymology. This species is named for colleague and friend Prof. R. Gerstmeier for his love of the Australian fauna. Diagnosis. Males and females resemble those of O. bushblitz in having a flat body but can be distinguished by strongly reduced eyes; postepigastric scutum with longitudinal con¬ cavity covering V 2 of its lengths and weak longitudinal ridge; lateral apodemes V 2 as long as postepigastric scutum. In males the palpal bulb has two strong basomedial setae (Fig. 37H), 'fenestra' ending in a large fold, and with a short medially bent tip (Fig. 37 I). In females the epigastric area in ventral view has epigastric fold (EF) with well developed triangular extension and small triangular concavity (Fig. 38 F-G). Description. Male (PBI.OON 23608, Figs 37A-J). Total length 1.21. Prosoma, mouthparts, abdom¬ inal scutae and palpal patella pale orange, legs yellow. Carapace ovoid in dorsal view, pars cephalica flat in lateral view, with angular posterolateral corners, top smooth, sides striated; lateral margin rebordered, without denticles. Eyes reduced to pale spots, ALE: 0.054; PME: 0.053; PLE: 0.037, ALE largest, ALE circular, PME oval; posterior eye row straight from both above and front; ALE separated by their radius to diameter, ALE-PLE separated by less than ALE radius, PME touching for less than half their length, PLE-PME touching. Sternum longer than wide, with barely visible radial furrows between coxae I-II, II-III, III- IV, furrow smooth. Abdomen, scuto-pedicel region less than V 2 of diameter of pedicel, with paired medially connected scutal ridges; postepigastric scutum weakly sclerotized, with longitudinal concavity covering Vi of its length and weak longitudinal ridge; lateral apodemes 1/2 as long as postepigastric scutum; concavity covered with short setae. Palpal patella 0.206 long, 0.115 wide, connection to femur at 0.43; bulb ventrally slightly bulging, with two strong basomedial setae, 'fenestra' ending in large fold, tip short, medially bent. Female (PBI.OON 07588, Figs 38A-G). Total length 1.26. Eyes, ALE: 0.050; PME: 0.045; PLE: 0.033. Epigastric area, ventral view, epigastric fold (EF) with well-developed triangular extension and small triangular concavity; in dorsal view paddle-like sclerite (PSc) strongly bent half way; nail-like process (Na) with hood and small conical end; globular appendix (GAp) a long, triangular extension. Distribution. This species is known only from south and central New South Wales. Opopaea lebretoni Baehr, sp. nov. (Figs 39A-J, 40A-G) Material examined. Holotype 146 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea same data (AM KS102547, PBI.OON 23540); 1 <$, same data AM KS102544, PBI.OON 23542); 1 same data (AM KS102523, PBI.OON 19308); 2 $, same data (AM KS102540, PBI.OON 19322); 4 $, 2 9, same data (AM KS102539, PBI.OON 19321); 1 $, same data AM KS102550, PBI.OON 19312); 2 9, same data except 1 Apr. 2000 (AM KS102581, PBI.OON 19253); 1 9, same data (AM KS102519, PBI.OON 23544); 1 S, same data (AM KS102614, PBI.OON 23533); 1 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 261 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 73. Opopaea gilliesi Baehr, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 23658 photo, PBI_OON 23660 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. 262 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 74. Opopaea gilliesi Baehr, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 23559): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, prosoma, posterior view; D, opisthosoma, ventral view; E, prosoma, anterior view; F, opisthosoma, anterior view; G, female epigyne, ventral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 263 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 75. Opopaea johardingae Baehr, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 23652): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, prosoma, posterior view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. 264 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 76. Opopaen preecei Baehr, sp. nov., male (PBI_00]Sr23649 photo, PBI_OON 23650 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 265 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 77. Opopaea preecei Baehr, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 23650): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, opisthosoma, ventral view; E, prosoma, anterior view; F, opisthosoma, anterior view; G, female epigyne, ventral view; H, same, dorsal view. 266 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 78. Opopaea wongalara Baehr, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 23657 photo, SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, prosoma, posterior view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 267 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 79. Opopaea ameyi Baehr, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 06021 photo, SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, prosoma, posterior view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. 268 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 80. Opopaea arneyi Baehr, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 06021): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, ventral view; E, opisthosoma, anterior view; F, prosoma, anterior view; G, female epigyne, ventral view; H, same, dorsal view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 269 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 81. Opopaea brisbanensis Baehr, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 19235 photo, SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view. E habitus, lateral view; F, Chelicerae, anterior view; G, Pedicel, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. 270 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 82. Opopaea broadwater Baehr, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 06624 photo, PBI_OON 23613 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventro-lateral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 271 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 83. Opopaea broadwater Baehr, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 06624): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, ventral view; E, opisthosoma, anterior view; F, prosoma, anterior view; G, female epigyne, ventral view; H, same, dorsal view. 272 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 84. Opopaea Carnarvon Baehr, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 23602 photo, SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, lateral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, male palp, prolateral view; G, same, dorsal view (photo); H, same, dorsal view (SEM); I, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 273 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 85. Opopaea carteri Baehr, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 23407 photo, SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, Sperm pore, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. 274 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 86. Opopaea carteri Baehr, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 23479): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, same, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, opisthosoma, anterior view; F, female epigyne ventral view; G, female epigyne dorsal view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 275 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 87. Opopaea chrisconwayi Baehr and Smith, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 23469 photo, PBI_OON 23470 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, habitus, ventral view; E, prosoma, anterior view; F, habitus, lateral view; G, mouthparts, ventral view; H, opisthosoma, anterior view; I, male palp, prolateral view; J, same, dorsal view; K, same, retrolateral view. 276 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 88. Opopaea douglasi Baehr, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 23422 photo, PBI_OON 23463 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 277 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 89. Opopaea douglasi Baehr, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 23423): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, same, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, opisthosoma, anterior view; F, female epigyne ventral view; G, female epigyne dorsal view. 278 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 90. Opopaea lambkinae Baehr, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 23670 photo, SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, prosoma, posterior view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 279 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 91. Opopnea lambkinae Baehr, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 23671): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, opisthosoma, ventral view; E, prosoma, anterior view; F, opisthosoma, anterior view; G, female epigyne, ventral view; H, same, dorsal view. 280 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 92. Opopaea leichhardti Baehr, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 23700 photo, SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, prosoma, posterior view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 281 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 93. Opopaen leichhardti Baehr, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 237001): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, opisthosoma, ventral view; E, prosoma, anterior view; F, opisthosoma, anterior view; G, female epigyne, ventral view; H, same, dorsal view. 282 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 94. Opopaea mcleani Baehr, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 06828 photo, SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 283 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 95. Opopaea proserpine Baehr, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 23664 photo, PBI_OON 23415 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, prosoma, posterior view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. 284 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 96. Opopaea stanisici Baehr, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 23405 photo, PBI_OON 23415 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 285 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 97. Opopaea stanisici Baehr, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 23411): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, same, ventral view; D, mouthparts, ventral view; E, opisthosoma, anterior view; F, female epigyne, ventral view; G, same, dorsal view. 286 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 53 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 98. Opopaea ulrichi Baehr, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 22896 photo, PBI_OON 23415 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, opisthosoma, anterior view; G, male palp, prolateral view; H, same, dorsal view; I, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 287 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 99. Opopnen ulrichi Baehr, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 22896): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, same, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, opisthosoma, antero-ventral view; F, female epigyne, ventral view; G, same, dorsal view. 288 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 100. Opopaea banksi (Hickman), male (PBI_OON 23677 photo, SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, prosoma, posterior view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 289 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 101. Opopaea banksi (Hickman), female (PBI_OON 23678): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, ventral view; E, opisthosoma, anterior view; F, opisthosoma, anterior view; G, female epigyne, ventral view; H, same, dorsal view. 290 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 102. Opopaea millbrook Baehr, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 22884 photo, SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 291 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott ;* C.Oj FIG. 103. Opopaea tnillbrook Baehr, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 23667): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, same, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, opisthosoma, anterior view; F, female epigyne, ventral view; G, same, dorsal view. 292 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 104. Opopaen miindy Baehr, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 22883 photo, SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, prosoma, posterior view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 293 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 105. Opopaea stevensi Baehr, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 23699 photo, SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, prosoma, posterior view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. 294 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 106. Opopaea aculeata Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 04031 photo, SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, prosoma, posterior view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 295 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 107. Opopnen aurantiaca Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 04521 photo, PBI_OON 20369 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. 296 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 108. Opopaea aurantiaca Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 19437): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, same, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, opisthosoma, anterior view; F, female epigyne, ventral view; G, same, dorsal view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 297 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 109. Opopaea billroth Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 04378 photo, SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. 298 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 110. Opopnen cnllmii Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 23623 photo, SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view, F, prosoma, posterior view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 299 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 111. Opopaea cowra Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 04688 photo, SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, opisthosoma, anterior view; G, male palp, prolateral view; H, same, dorsal view; I, same, retrolateral view. 300 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 112. Opopaea durranti Bachr and Harvey, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 04649 photo, SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view, F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 301 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 113. Opopnea exoculata Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 04028 photo, PBI_OON 23615 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. 302 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 114. Opopaea flava Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 04037 photo, PBI_OON 23617 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 303 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 115. Opopaea fragilis Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 22894 photo, SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, prosoma, posterior view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. 304 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 116. Opopaea framenaui Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 23632 photo, PBI_OON 18029 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 305 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 117. Opopaea frmnenaui Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 46762): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, ventral view; E, prosoma, anterior view; F, prosoma, posterior view; G, female epigyne, ventral view; H, same, dorsal view. 306 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 118. Opopnen gracilis Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 04029 photo, SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, prosoma, posterior view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 307 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 119. Opopnea gracillima Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 23622 photo, PBI_OON 18026 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. 308 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 120. Opopaeagracillima Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., female (PBIJDON 23620): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, same, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, opisthosoma, anterior view; F, female epigyne, ventral view; G, same, dorsal view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 309 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 121 Opopaea liarmsi Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 17804 photo, PBI_OON 23630 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. 310 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 122. Opopaea harmsi Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 17782): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, same, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, opisthosoma, anterior view; F, female epigyne, ventral view; G, same, dorsal view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 311 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 123. Opopaea johannae Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 04625 photo, PBI_OON 48259 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. 312 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 124. Opopaea johannae Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 23623): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, same, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, opisthosoma, anterior view; F, female epigyne, ventral view; G, same, dorsal view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 313 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 125. Opopaen julianneae Baehr and Ott, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 04675 photo, PBIJDON 48267 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, opisthosoma, anterior view; G, Postepigastric scutum, ventral view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. 314 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 126. Opopaea marangaroo Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 18033 photo, PBI_OON 23636 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 315 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 127. Opopaea marangaroo Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 23637): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, ventral view; E, prosoma, anterior view; F, opisthosoma, anterior view; G, female epigyne, ventral view; H, same, dorsal view. 316 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 128. Opopaea millstream Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 04630 photo, PBI_OON 20122 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 317 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 129. Opopnea millstream Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 20193): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, same, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, opisthosoma, anterior view; F, female epigyne, ventral view; G, same, dorsal view. 318 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 130. Opopaea nadineae Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 04700 photo, SEM PBI.OON 48270): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, opisthosoma, anterior view; G, Epigastric area, ventral view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 319 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 131. Opopaea nadineae Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 48269): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, ventral view; E, opisthosoma, anterior view; F, prosoma, posterior view; G, female epigyne, ventral view; H, same, dorsal view. 320 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 132. Opopaea pallida Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 04598 photo, SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 321 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 133. Opopaea pallida Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 23679): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, same, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, opisthosoma, anterior view; F, female epigyne, ventral view; G, same, dorsal view. 322 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 134. Opopaea pannawonica Baehr and Ott, sp. nov., male (PBI.OON 04632 photo, PBI_OON 23618 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 323 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 135. Opopaea pannawonica Baehr and Ott, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 23616): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, same, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, opisthosoma, anterior view; F, female epigyne, ventral view; G, same, dorsal view. 324 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 136. Opopaea pilbara Baehr and Ott, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 81875 photo, PBI_OON 23611 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 325 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 135. Opopaea pannawonica Baehr and Ott, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 23616): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, same, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, opisthosoma, anterior view; F, female epigyne, ventral view; G, same, dorsal view. 324 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea if, ■ ; B FIG. 136. Opopaea pilbara Baehr and Ott, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 81875 photo, PBI_OON 23611 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 325 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 137. Opopaea pilbarn Baehr and Ott, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 23610): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, same, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, opisthosoma, anterior view; F, female epigyne, ventral view; G, same, dorsal view. 326 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 138. Opopnen rixi Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 23633 photo, PBI_OON 18031 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 327 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott same^eS TZ-C ^ ^ HarV< Z' s P-™v, female (PBI_OON 23634): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view, C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, ventral view* E orosoma anterior vipw* F, opisthosoma, anterior view; G, female epigyne, ventral view; H, same, dorsal view. 328 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 140. Opopaea robusta Baehr and Ott, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 04501 photo, PBI_OON 23627 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral v iew; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 329 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 141. Opopaea robusta Baehr and Ott, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 04378): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, same, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, opisthosoma, anterior view; F, female epigyne, ventral view; G, same, dorsal view. 330 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 142. Opopaea rugosa Baehr and Ott, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 18059 photo, SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, prosoma, posterior view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 331 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 145. Opopaea triangularis Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 04698 photo, PBI_OON 23631 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, prosoma, anterior view; G, Epigastric area, ventral view; H, male palp/ prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. 334 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 146. Opopaea triangularis Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., female (PBI_OON 23619): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, same, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, opisthosoma, anterior view; F, female epigyne, ventral view; G, same, dorsal view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 335 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 147. Opopaea wheelarra Baehr and Ott, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 04471 photo, PBI_OON 23611 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. 336 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 Australian and Pacific Opopaea FIG. 148 Opopaea wheelarra Baehr and Ott, sp. nov., female (PBI.OON 04471): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, same, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, opisthosoma, anterior view; F, female epigyne, ventral view; G, same, dorsal view. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 337 Baehr, Harvey, Smith & Ott FIG. 149. Opopaea whim Baehr and Harvey, sp. nov., male (PBI_OON 04648 photo, PBI_OON 04658 SEM): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, prosoma, ventral view; C, opisthosoma, ventral view; D, prosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, mouthparts, ventral view; G, opisthosoma, anterior view; H, male palp, prolateral view; I, same, dorsal view; J, same, retrolateral view. 338 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 The new Australian Ground-Hunting Spider Genus Leichhardteus (Araneae: Corinnidae) Barbara C. BAEHR 12 * Robert J. RAVEN 1 Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia; 2 CSER, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. Citation: Baehr, B.C. & Raven, R J. 2013 10 10: The new Australian Ground-Hunting Spider Genus Leichhardteus (Araneae: Corinnidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum - Nature 58:339-358. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. Accepted: 4 April 2013. ABSTRACT The new corinnid genus Leichhardteus is described including eight new species from eastern Australia: L. albofasciatus, L. badius r L. bimaculatus, L. conopalpis , L garretti, L. kroombit, L. reinhardi and L terriirwinae. A key to the species is provided. Only one species is widely distributed, four species are collected only in rainforests and three species are recorded only from a single location. □ Taxonomy, Corinnidae. Ground-hunting spiders of the family Corinnidae are among the most diverse of the ground spider families with 1014 described species in 87 genera (Platnick 2012). These very fast medium-sized runners have a highly variable somatic morphology ranging from species with soft abdomens to those with leathery scutes covering the whole dorsum. The corinnid fauna is most diverse in tropical and subtropical regions (Bonaldo & Brescovit 2005; Haddad 2006a, b; Haddad & Bosselaers 2010; Lyle & Haddad 2010). Up until now, 19 corinnid species in six genera have been described from Australia. The new genus Leichhardteus belongs, together with Corinnomma Karsch, 1880, Medmassa Simon, 1887, Methesis Simon, 1896, Poecilipta Simon, 1897, and Supunna Simon, 1897, to the subfamily Castianeirinae. Leichhardteus differs from all other described Australian Castianeirinae genera in having an enlarged palpal femur in males, and males and females in having four pairs of spines on ventral tibiae I and II. Bush Blitz 2010 and 2011 to Dananbilla Nature Reserve (New South Wales) and Ned's Corner (Victoria) yielded key specimens from an unknown ground hunting spider genus Biogeography, Morphology, New Species, (Corinnidae). A Bush Blitz Tactical Taxonomy Grant presented the opportunity to revise this new genus, expanding our knowledge of the unique Biodiversity of Australia's fauna. Of the species discovered, the rainforest species are most likely short range endemics (Harvey 2002) and may prove to be important taxa for monitoring the effects of climate change (Baehr 2011; Baehr, Raven & Hebron 2011). MATERIAL AND METHODS Specimens are preserved in 75% ethanol and were examined using a Leica MZ16A microscope. Photomicrographical images were produced using a Leica DFC 500 and the software program Auto-Montage Pro Version 5.02 (p). The scanning electron micrographs were taken with a Hitachi S-530 scanning electron microscope. Epigynes and palps were drawn with a camera lucida on a Zeiss Stemi SV6 microscope. The specimens are lodged in: AM, Australian Museum, Sydney; MV, Museum Victoria, Melbourne; QM, Queensland Museum, Brisbane; WAM, Western Australian Museum, Perth. All measurements are in millimetres. Abbreviations are used in the text as follows: AME, anterior median eyes; ALE, anterior lateral eyes; ALS, anterior Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 • www.qm.qld.gov.au 339 Baehr & Raven lateral spinnerets; CO, copulatory opening; ED, epigynal duct; S, spermatheca; PLE, posterior lateral eyes; PLS, posterior lateral spinnerets; PME, anterior median eyes; PMS, posterior median spinnerets; RCH, retrocoxal hymen. The species descriptions contain only the differences from the generic description. The description of the females includes only the differences from the male. SYSTEMATICS Family Corinnidae Karsch, 1880 Leichhardteus Raven & Baehr, new genus Type species. Leichhardteus conopalpis sp. nov. Etymology. The generic name is in honour of the German explorer and scientist, Ludwig Leichhardt (1813-1848), who came to Australia in 1842 to study its wildlife. This is for his 200 th Birthday in 2013. Diagnosis. Differs from all other Australian Castianeirinae genera in having an enlarged palpal femur, four pairs of spines on ventral tibiae I and II; females have a pair of open crescentic fossae in biconvex configuration with a narrow curving insemination duct leading to two similarly large pear-shaped receptacula. Description. Male: total length 6.09-9.63. Colour: Prosoma, mouthparts yellow orange to dark brown, legs yellow orange to yellow brown with or without dark markings. Opisthosoma dark brown with or without pale spots or chevrons. Prosoma: pyriform in dorsal view, head narrowed to about 0.60, widest at middle, pars cephalica flat in lateral view, with rounded posterolateral corners, surface granulate, with fovea at middle of carapace, lateral margin rebordered. Clypeus straight in front view, vertical in lateral view, with divided chilum, high, ALE separated from edge of carapace by 1.5 -2 times their diameter. Eyes: eight, well developed, equal sized or AME'largest; all eyes circular; posterior eye row procurved from above. Sternum (Fig. 3C) heart-shaped, surface unctated. Chelicerae straight, base laterally ulging, promargin with 3 teeth, retromargin with 2 teeth, paturon with distal lobe covered with fringe of long setae. Labium rectangular. anterior margin straight with white seam and line of strong setae. Endites rectangular, twice as long as labium, with white seam, anteromedian part with brush-like structure; serrula present in single row. Opisthosoma: ovoid, rounded posteriorly (Fig. 3A) with or without large oval dorsal scute covering Vi - 3 A of abdomen, venter with yellow orange epigastric scute. Spinnerets (Fig. 7H): PLS slightly larger than PMS, two- segmented with 3 enlarged spigots and 3 enlarged spigots on PMS in females. Only one enlarged spigot on inner ALS. Legs: Coxae entally rounded with slight retrobasal process; RCH small; trochanters symmetrically notched about twice as wide as deep, similar on all legs; no feathery hairs on legs; covered mostly by bristles; tarsi cylindrical. Trichobothria: tarsi & metatarsi with few (2-4 evident) short distally; tibia with cluster of trichae basally; spines, I: femur pld3; tibia v2.2.2.2; metatarsus v2.2. II: femur p2d3; tibia p2v2.2.2.2; metatarsus v2.2. Ill: femur p3d3r3; tibia p2d2r2v2.2.2; metatarsus p3r3v2.2.2. IV: femur p2d3rl; tibia p2d3r2v2.2.2; metatarsus p3r3v2.2.2. Palp: femur pld2; patella pi; tibia p2. Claws. Enclosed in short dense tufts; claws and tufts on legs I and II very small, lower than diameter of tarsi; longer with 3-4 small teeth on legs III, IV. Scopula. Fringe of short scopuliform hairs on ventral tarsi I—IV and for distal half (1, II) to one quarter (III, IV) of metatarsi. Palp: Femur enlarged or with conical process ventrally. Tibia cylindrical but with distinct glabrous saddle distoventrally for half of prolateral edge where small process interlocks with ovoid depression on opposed cymbial edge. Cymbium with sinuous retrolateral margin with or without conical spine-like process. Bulb pyriform with corkscrew-shaped embolus. Sperm duct folds back strongly toward embolus then reflexes back sharply; round base of short embolus with reflexed flattened apex. Female. Total length 6.83 - 9.71. Abdomen: with or without small dorsal scute. Epigyne (Fig. 3J, K) about as long as wide, longer than wide or wider than long, copulatory openings (CO) near lateral margin about halfway between epigastric fold and anterior end of epigyne, epigynal ducts short, semicircular, laterally connected to S-shaped spermathecae, spermathecae anterior part pear-shaped smooth with small lateral glandulae, posterior part with 4-5 diverticulae. 340 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 New genus Leichhardteus KEY TO SPECIES OF LEICHHARDTEUS 1. Males.2 — Females (unknown for L. bimaculatus, L. terriirwinae) .9 2. Palpal femur with conical ventral process (Figs 31,71,10G).3 — Palpal femur without conical ventral process (Figs 41, 5H, 6G, 8G, 91).5 3. Carapace yellow orange front dark brown (Figs 1,3A).L. conopalpis — Carapace dark unicoloured (Fig. 7A, 10A)4 4. Cymbium without retrolateral spine (Fig. 7K) .L. garretti — Cymbium with well developed retrolateral spine (Fig. 10G).L. terriirwinae 5. Carapace yellow orange front dark brown (Figs 9A).L. reinhardi — Carapace unicoloured.6 6. Opisthosoma with pale dorsomedian stripe (Fig. 4A). L. albofasciatus — Opisthosoma without median stripe_7 7. Opisthosoma dorsally dark, with 1 pair of pale spots (Fig. 6A).L. bimaculatus — Opisthosoma different.8 8. Opisthosoma with pale dorsal chevrons covering all (Fig. 5A).L. badius — Opisthosoma with pale dorsal chevrons only in front (Fig. 8A).L. kroombit 9. Carapace yellow orange front dark brown (Figs 1, 9B).10 — Carapace unicoloured (Figs 4B, 5B, 7B, 8B) . 11 10. Opisthosoma completely dark brown (Fig. 9B) . L. reinhardi — Opisthosoma with small arrow-shaped pale spot posteriorly (Fig. 3B) L. conopalpis 11. Opisthosoma with pale dorsomedian stripe (Fig. 4B).L. albofasciatus — Opisthosoma different.12 12. Opisthosoma with pale dorsal chevrons covering all (Fig. 5B).L. badius — Opisthosoma with pale dorsal chevrons only in front (Fig. 8B).13 13. Copulatory opening inverted u-shaped posteriorly open (Fig. 7L).L. garretti — Copulatory opening circular (Fig. 8J) .L. kroombit Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 341 Baehr & Raven FIG. 2. Bulbal tips. A, Leichhardteus cotiopalpis (QM S92473), B. L. garretti (QM S68111), C. L. bimaculatus (QM S14709); D, L. kroombit (QM S92472); E, L. terriinvinae (QM S38609); F, L. albofasciatus (QM S25194); G, L. reinhardi (S92342); H, L. bndius (QM S31555). Scale 0.1 mm. 342 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 New genus Leichhardteus FIG. 3Leichhardteus conopal pis, male (QM S52729), female (QM S53920). A, Habitus, dorsal view, male; B, Same, female, C, Habitus, ventral view, male; D, Same, female; E, Prosoma, frontal view, male; F, Mouthparts, ventral view, female; G, Male palp, prolateral view; H, Male palp, ventral view; I, Male palp, retrolateral view; J, Female epigyne ventral view; K, Female epigyne dorsal view. Scale 1 mm, epigyne 0.1 mm. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 343 Baehr & Raven FIG. 4. Leichhardteus albofascintus, male (QM S29577), female (QM S76352); A, Habitus, dorsal view, male; B, Same, female; C, Habitus, dorsal view, male; D, Same, female; E, Prosoma, frontal view, male; F, Same, female; G, Male palp, prolateral view; H, Same, ventral view; I, Same, retrolateral view; J, Female epigyne ventral view; K, Female epigyne dorsal view. Scale 1 mm; epigyne, 0.1 mm. 344 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 New genus Leichhardteus FIG. 5. Leichhardteus badius, male (QM S31555), female (QM S31545). A, Habitus, dorsal view, male; B, Same, female; C, Habitus, ventral view, male; D, Same, female; E, Prosoma, frontal view, male; F, Mouthparts, ventral view, female; G, Male palp, ventral view; H, Same, retrolateral view; I, Same, dorsal view (spine); J, Female epigyne ventral view; K, Female epigyne dorsal view. Scale 1 mm; epigyne, 0.1 mm. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 345 Baehr & Raven FIG. 6. Leichhardteus bimaculatus, male (QM S14709). A, Habitus, dorsal view; B, Same, ventral view; C, Prosoma, frontal view, male; D, Mouthparts, ventral view, male; E, Male palp, prolateral view; F, Same, ventral view; G, Palpal femur, ventral view; H, Same, retrolateral view. Scale 1 mm, femur 0.5 mm. 346 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 New genus Leichhardteus FIG. 7. Leichhardteus garretti, male (QM S68111), female (QM S S68110). A, Habitus, dorsal view, male; B, Prosoma, dorsal view, female; C, Opisthosoma, dorsal view, female (QM S55397); D, Habitus, ventral view, male; E, Prosoma, ventral view, female; F, Opisthosoma, ventral view, female (QM S55397); G, Mouthparts, ventral view, female; H, Spinnerets, female (QM S55397) ventral view; I, Male palp, prolateral view; J, Same, ventral view, K, Same, retrolateral view; L, Female epigyne ventral view; M, Female epieyne dorsal view. Scale 1 mm; epigyne, 0.1 mm. " Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 347 Baehr & Raven FIG. 8. Leichhardteus kroombit, male (QM S92472), female (QM S31542). A, Habitus, dorsal view, male; B, Same, female; C, Habitus, ventral view, male; D, Same, female; E, Prosoma, frontal view, male; F, Mouthparts, ventral view, male; G, Male palp, prolateral view; H, Male palp, ventral view; I, Same, retrolateral view; J, Female epigyne ventral view; K, Female epigyne dorsal view. Scale 1 mm; epigyne, 0.1 mm. 348 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 New genus Leichhardteus FIG. 9. Leichhardteus reinhardi male (QM S92342), female (QM S79286). A, Habitus, dorsal view, male; B, Same, female; C, Habitus, ventral view, male; D, Same, female; E, Prosoma, frontal view, male; F, Mouthparts, ventral view, male; G, Male palp, prolateral view; H, Male palp, ventral view; I, Same, retrolateral view; J, Female epigyne ventral view; K, Female epigyne dorsal view. Scale 1 mm; epigyne, 0.1 mm. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 349 Baehr & Raven FIG. 10. Leichhardteus terriirwinae, male (QM S38609). A, Habitus, dorsal view; B, Same, ventral view; C, Prosoma, frontal view, male. D, Mouthparts, ventral view, male; E, Male palp, prolateral view. F, Same, ventral view; G, Same, retrolateral view. Scale 1 mm. 350 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature • 2013 • 58 New genus Leichhardteus Leichhardteus conopalpis sp. nov. Baehr & Raven (Figs 1, 2A, 3A-K, 11) Etymology. The species epithet is a Latin combination of conus and palpus meaning palp with conical structure. Material examined. New South Wales: Male holotype Taleeban (site 4T), 33°57'S 146°27'E, C. NSW, spinifex' pitfall, 3-8 Nov 1999, D. Driscoll (QM S52729). Female allotype from Gubatta (site 3G), 33°35'S, 146°35'E, pitfall, 6-14 Dec 1999, D. Driscoll, QM (S53920). Other material. New South Wales: 19 1<$, Barmah forest, 35°56'S 145°03'E, tree trunk, Nov 2001, A. Ballinger (QM S92341); 2 $, Bungonia, 34°52'S 149°57'E Jan 1990, G.S. Hunt (AM KS22748); 19 1 8, Dananbilla Nature Reserve (gen. nov. 1 sp. nov 1) 34°12'S 148°28'E, D9/10, 11-17 Nov. 2010; 1$, Ned's Corner Nature Reserve (gen. nov. sp. nov. 17) 34°12'37.3"S, 141°32'06.7"E, 33 m, chenopod scrubland, 22-29.11.2011, B. Baehr, pitfall (MV ); 19 1<$, Gubatta (site 8G), 33°35'S 146°36'E, road verge, pitfall, 12-18 Oct 1999, D. Driscoll (QM S53143); 1& Gubatta (site 6G), 33°32'S 146°32'E, spinifex, pitfall, 12-18 Oct 1999, D. Driscoll (QM S52996); 29 Gubatta (site 9G), 33°34'S 146°32'E, spinifex, pitfall, 12-18 Oct 1999, D. Driscoll, (QM S53289); \<$ Gubatta (site 10G), 33°36'S 146°31'E, woodland, pitfall, 12 Oct-18 Dec 1999, D. Driscoll (QM S53265); lcj, Pulletop (site 9P), 34°01'S 146°04'E, road verge, pitfall, 12-18 Oct 1999, D. Driscoll (QM S52909); Round Hill Nature Reserve (site 4R), 32°59'S 146°05'E, mallee, pitfall, 2-8 Nov 1999, D. Driscoll (QM S52882); lc? Round Hill Nature Reserve (site 6R), 32°59'S 146°03'E, C. mallee, pitfall, 2-8 Nov 1999, D. Driscoll (QM S52748); 1