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This book is DUE on the last date stamped below
Southern Branch of the
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MEMOKIALS OF CAMBRIDGE
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GREATLY ENLARGED FROM THE WORK OF J. LE KEUX BY
CHARLES HENRY COOPER, F.S.A,
WITH STEEL AND COPPER PLATES
BY LE KEUX AND STOKER AND ETCHINGS ON COPPER BY ROBER'T FARREN.
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MACMILLAN & CO. r" Q c c o
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TO
HIS ORAOE
WILLIAM, DUKE OF DEVONSHIEE, K.G., CHANCELLOR OF THE UNIVERSITY,
AND
HIGH STEWARD OF THE BOROUGH OF CAMBRIDGE,
is (BY PERMISSION) MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED.
I BEG to record my obligations for assistance rendered by Henry Bradshaw, esq. M.A., of the University Library, and the parochial clergy gene- rally.
The rev. the Master of Downing college kindly lent the publisher Flaxman's design for the college seal.
I much regret that unavoidable circumstances have so long delayed the completion of the work.
a H. c.
Cambridge, January, 1866.
CONTENTS OF VOL, III.
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE,
(FOUNDED 1595-6).
THE HOUSE OF S. FRANCIS
THE FOUNDRESS
THE FOUNDATION
BENEFACTORS
EMINENT MEN . ;.
THE BUILDINGS
THE CHAPEL . '
THE HALL
THE COMBINATION ROOM
THE COLLEGE LIBRARY ."
THE TAYLOR LIBRARY
THE MASTER'S LODGE .
THE GARDENS
FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLARSHIPS
PATRONAGE
1
6 16 19 23 31 32 33 34 ib. 36 ib. 37 ib. 38
CONTENTS.
DOWNING COLLEGE,
(FOUNDED 1800).
PAGE
THE FOUNDER . . . . . .39
THE FOUNDATION ..... 43
BENEFACTORS . . . . . .50
EMINENT MEN ..... t'6.
THE BUILDINGS . . . . . . ib.
THE CHAPEL ...... 51
THE HALL . . . . . . ib,
THE COMBINATION ROOM .... ib.
THE LIBRARY . . . . . ib.
THE MASTER'S LODGE ..... t'6.
THE WALKS AND GROUNDS . . . .52
MASTERSHIP, PROFESSORSHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLARSHIPS ib.
PATRONAGE . . . ib.
CONTENTS.
XI
THE SENATE HOUSE
THE SCHOOLS
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
THE PITT PRESS
THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM ,
THE WOODWARDIAN OR GEOLOGICAL MUSEUM
THE MlNERALOGICAL MUSEUM
THE ANATOMICAL MUSEUM
THE OBSERVATORY
THE BOTANIC GARDEN
THE CASTLE . .
THE GUILDHALL
THE TOWN GAOL .
THE SPINNING HOUSE . .-.
THE UNION WORKHOUSE
ADDENBROOKE'S HOSPITAL
THE PERSE GRAMMAR SCHOOL :
THE OLD CHARITY SCHOOLS
BRITISH SCHOOLS
INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL
ALMSHOUSES .
MISCELLANEOUS CHARITIES
PAGE
53
59
67
84
95
104
108
110
112
116
120
129
141
144
147
148
154
161
165
to.
166
181
xii CONTENTS.
1 on
SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY INSTITUTIONS
198 ALL SAINTS .
207
S. ANDREW THE GREAT
01Q
S. ANDREW THE LESS .
244 S. BENEDICT .
S. BOTOLPH ....
2fi4
S. CLEMENT
S. EDWARD .
S. GILES . • 286
S. MARY THE GREAT .
S. MARY THE LESS
S. MICHAEL .
S. PETER • :
HOLY SEPULCHRE
HOLY TRINITY . . • • • .370
ETCHINGS BY R. FARREN.
PAOE
1 KING'S PARADE ..... frontispiece
2 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE, First Court ... 1
3 DOWNING COLLEGE, The Master's Lodge . . .39
4 THE SENATE-HOUSE ..... 53
5 GUILDHALL, Interior of New Assembly Room . . 129
6 GARRET HOSTEL BRIDGE, view from Clare College . . 180
7 GREAT S. MARY'S CHURCH, from the Market Hill . . 295
STEEL AND COPPER ENGRAVINGS BY LE KEUX AND STORER.
8 Entrance Gate Old Botanic Garden . , vignette title
9 Plan of the University and Town of Cambridge . . xii
10 Sidney Sussex College .... 8
11 Upright view . . . . .16
12 From the Master's Garden ...» 31
13 The Hall ...... 33
14 Old Front, in Cromwell's Time ... 35
15 Downing College, as it will appear when completed . . 48
16 Hall ...... 51
17 The Senate-House . . . . » 66
18 University Library as it will appear when completed . 76
19 The Pitt Press . . . . . .92
20 The Fitzwilliam Museum .... 100
21 The Observatory . . . . , .112
22 The Castle ...... 120
23 View of Cambridge from Castle Hill . . .124
24 View of Cambridge from the Ely Road . . . 128
25 The Market Place, shewing the Town Hall and Hobson's Conduit 136
26 Addenbrooke's Hospital ... 148
27 All Saints' Church, view shewing old Church . . 198
28 Great S. Andrew's Church (the Old Church) . . 207
29 Barnwell Church, interior of East End . . 231
30 S. Benedict's Church, interior .... 245
31 S. Botolph's Church ...... 256
32 Interior of ..... 258
33 S. Clement's Church ..... 264
34 Great S. Mary's Church, exterior . . . 304
35 Shewing the Organ ..... 313
36 Shewing the Throne .... 315
37 Little S. Mary's Church . _ .- _ . t .321
38 S. Michael's Church, exterior .... 344
39 Interior of S. Peter's Church .... 357
40 Interior of S. Sepulchre's Church . . . 360
41 Extended view ..... 368
42 Trinity Church ..... 370
43 Interior (in the Rev. C. Simeon's time) . . . 374
44 Exterior (in the Rev. C. Simeon's time) «, . 382
IV
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
45 Flaxman's Design for Downing College Seal . 45
46 Front Elevation of the New Lecture Booms and Museums, m the
Old Botanic Garden
47 Elevation of Addenbrooke's Hospital, (1866) .
48 Great S. Andrew's Church (the New Church)
49 Old Houses, Petty Cury . . . • * OQA
50 S. Paul's Church, exterior .
61 Font and Cover, S. Edward's Church . • * «I?
52 Old Houses, Trinity Street ....
WOOD ENGRAVINGS.
1 Sidney Sussex College (from Loggan)
2 The Northern Court ....
3 Garden ......
4 Downing College, Master's Lodge
6 The Senate House ...
6 Interior of the Southern School
7 Old Entrance-Gateway to the Schools
8 The Pitt Press .....
9 The Fitz william Museum .....
10 The Anatomical Museum ....
11 The Observatory .....
12 Gatehouse, 1773 .....
13 Shirehouse ...«••
14 Gatehouse, 1840 .....
15 The Town Gaol ......
16 Addenbrooke's Hospital ....
17 Perse Grammar School . . . . .154
18 Remains of Barnwell Priory .... 219
19 The Abbey Church . . . . .229
20 Christ's Church ..... 233
21 S. Benedict's Church . . . . .244
22 S. Edward's Church ..... 273
23 S. Giles' Church . . . . .286
24 Pythagoras' School . . . . . 293
25 Great S. Mary's Church, Font .... 295
26 The Tower ..... 305
27 The Ark or Chest . . . . .308
28 Church of S. Mary the Less . . . . 318
29 Font in S. Peter's Church . . . .355
30 Holy Sepulchre, exterior, 1841 . . . . 360
31 Exterior, 1844 . . . . .364
32 Interior, 1841 ..... 367
33 The Pulpit, Trinity Church . . . .374
THE }
order of S. Franci or friars minors, established then. in or soon after 1224. The townsn arriyal gave them for their habitation • the old synagogue'*5 adjoining the To] a few years afterwards they remoyed tc
called
•t} but pot,
(a) Ther^- < which is the property o' .twist* of part >ey street, nearly the wbr
side of Sttnex *uwt, part of the northern side of Kioy street, and part of the weutezn side of Malcolm street.
(b) The old synagogue is suppoeed to have been jurt of the h- Benjamin the jew, of which the burgesses obtained » grant from the crown in 01 M.
(c) A po Tolbooth was used w the Guildhall, and the *$ the town pr^eon.
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE (FROM LOOGAN.)
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
THIS college stands on part of the site(a) of the house of the friars of the order of S. Francis, of which we therefore give an account.
THE HOUSE OF S. FRANCIS. — The friars of the order of S. Francis, called also grey friars, minorites or friars minors, established themselves in Cambridge in or soon after 1224. The townsmen on their arrival gave them for their habitation a place called the old synagogue (J) adjoining the Tolbooth,{c) but a few years afterwards they removed to this spot.
(a) The residue of the site (which is the property of the college), consists of part of the eastern side of Sidney street, nearly the whole of the northern side of Sussex street, part of the northern side of King street, and part of the western side of Malcolm street.
(6) The old synagogue is supposed to have been part of the house of Benjamin the jew, of which the burgesses obtained a grant from the crown in or before 1224.
(c) A portion of the Tolbooth was used as the Guildhall, and the residue as the town prison.
VOL. III. B
2 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
Whilst in their original domicile they found the vicinage of the prison intolerable, because they and the prisoners had the same entrance. The king gave the friars ten marks to buy a rent which should satisfy his exchequer for the rent of their area, and there the friars built a chapel so miserably poor that one carpenter made it in one day with fourteen couple of planks. On the feast of S. Laurence, when there were but three friars, namely, William de Esseby and Hugh de Bugeton, clerks, and one novice, by name Helias, who was so lame that he had to be carried into the oratory, they sung the office solemnly by note, and the novice wept so much that the tears openly ran down his face whilst he sang. He afterwards died in a most holy manner at York, and after death appeared to friar William de Esseby at Northampton, and to his question how he did, replied, "I am very well, pray for me."(a)
We find Henry III. giving ten marks to the friars minors of Cambridge in 1240, and it is not improbable that it was at that period they removed from the old synagogue.
By the inquisition taken 7 Edw. I. [1278 or 1279], the jurors found that the friars minors dwelling in the town of Cambridge had a certain place where they dwelt and where their church was founded, which place contained in itself six acres of land and more, in which place were accustomed to be divers mansions in which many inhabited who were
(a) Tho. de Eccleston, de adventu minorum. (Monumenta Franciscana, ed. Brewer 17, 18.)
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
wont to be geldable and aiding to the town ; that the friars had and held the said place in perpetual alms of purchase and of the gift of many, but of whom they had the place aforesaid, and whether they had confirmation of the king's ancestors or not, the jurors knew not.
Edward I. granted twenty-five marks per annum to the friars of this house. This grant was renewed by his successors.
Edward III. by letters patent dated 21st of April, in the second year of his reign [1328], granted to the warden and friars, that for the enlargement of their area they might enclose a lane contiguous thereto, containing in length twenty-six perches, and in breadth one perch and sixteen feet at either head, and fifteen and a-half feet in the midst. It appears by the inquisition on which this grant is grounded, that the warden and friars paid sixpence yearly to the commonalty of the town for inclosing the lane.
In or about 1332, Edward III. gave licence to John Pittok to grant a toft with the appurtenances in Cambridge, to the warden and friars for the enlargement of their mansion.
In 1353, the warden and friars gave the king six shillings and eight pence for a licence to acquire two messuages with the appurtenances for the enlarge- ment of their mansion.
The friars had a conduit supplied with water from a spring in the parish of S. Giles. (a) This
(a) There \vere frequent disputes between the friars and the master and fellows of King's hall touching this conduit.
B2
4 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
conduit which was probably a conspicuous object, is supposed to have been used by the town at large. The street now called Sidney street was commonly known as Conduit street until some years after this college was built.
The house was an academical as well as a reli- gious foundation, the members usually taking degrees in divinity. It was however, with the other houses of friars here, suppressed in 1538. The surrender to the crown, which is without date, is signed by William White the warden and twenty-three friars.
We believe that no complete list of the wardens exists. We have only met with the names of four, viz., Thomas de Hispania, who was the first warden; Richard de Ingworthe, who was probably his immediate successor; Robert de Tornam, who had been previously warden of the house of the order at Lynn, and who had licence to go to the crusades; and William White, the last warden.
The custody of Cambridge consisted of nine convents, viz., Cambridge, Norwich, Colchester, Bury S. Edmunds, Dunwich, Walsingham, Great Yarmouth, Ipswich, and Lynn.
Bequests to the friars are of frequent occurrence. We may mention the following : Elizabeth de Burgh lady Clare (1360), 40s., and for the works going on when she made her will (1355), 100s. more; Humphrey de Bohun, earl of Hereford and Essex, E.G., (1361), in aid of the students, and that the convent might pray for him, £10. ; sir John Howard (1389), 5 marks; Eudo de Harleston, (1400), 20s.; John Tynmouth, bishop of Argos, (1524), £5.
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 5
Amongst the eminent members of the house were Vincent de Coventry, flourished 1250. Eustace de Normanville, LL.D. chancellor of Oxford 1276. Oliver Stanwey, LL.D. chancellor of this university. (0) William de Folvil, died 1384. Richard Conyngton, D.D. six- teenth provincial. Roger de Denerned, eighteenth provincial. William Tythemersch, D.D. twenty-first provincial. John la Zouch, twenty-ninth provincial, bishop of Llandaff, died 1423. John David, thirty- fourth provincial. Robert Burton, D.D., 1507, warden of the house of Franciscans at Oxford. Stephen Baron, confessor to Henry VIII., flourished 1520. John Tynmouth, suffragan bishop of Argos, died 1524. Richard Brynckley, D.D. forty-first provincial, flourished 1524. William Catton, D.D. a theological writer, flourished 1530. William Roy, a famous satirist, martyred 1531. Henry Standish, bishop of S. Asaph, died 1535. John Riches, a writer in favour of the reformation, died 1536. William Call, D.D., warden of the house of Franciscans at Norwich and provincial, died 1539. John Under- wood, suffragan bishop of Chalcedon, died 1541. John Cardmaker alias Taylor, martyred 1555. Bartholomew Traheron, dean of Chichester, died about 1558. John Crayford, D.D., warden of the house of Franciscans at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and afterwards canon of Durham, died 1561.
In 1540, the university made an unsuccessful application to the crown for a grant of this house,
(a) His name is not in any list of chancellors, but those lists are obviously incomplete as respects the earlier occupants of the office.
6 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
the church whereof had been commonly used for solemn commencements and other academical as- semblies.^*
A survey of the house was made by Robert Chester the king's surveyor, 20 May, 1546. The church and cloisters having been defaced and taken towards the buildings at Trinity college were valued at nothing, and the soil with the orchard, brewhouse, malthouse, millhouse, and garden within the walls thereof, are stated to be yearly worth to be let £4. 6s. Sd.
On the 24th of December in the same year, the king granted to the master, fellows, and scholars of Trinity college, the site, inclosure, circuit, ambit, and precinct of the lately dissolved house of friars minors, commonly called Greyfriars within the university and town of Cambridge, and all messu- ages, houses, buildings, stables, dovehouses, pools, waters, orchards, gardens, land, and soil thereto pertaining, and all the walls, ditches, and enclo- sures, the whole being of the clear annual value of £4. 6s. Sd.
In 1578 the corporation endeavoured to obtain from Trinity college the site of the Greyfriars, in order to erect thereon a hospital for the poor of the town.
THE FOUNDRESS. — Frances Sidney was born in 1531, being the fourth daughter of sir William Sidney, knight, chamberlain and steward of the
(a) See a letter from the university to Thomas Thirleby, bishop of Westminster, 19th of January, [1540-1], Aschami Epistohe, 332, also the petition of the university and form of grant, MS. Parker, 106, p. 301.
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 7
household to king Edward VI., by his wife Anne, daughter of sir Hugh Pagenharn, knight, and relict of Thomas Fitzwilliam, son and heir of sir Thomas Fitzwilliam, and elder brother of William Fitzwilliam, earl of Southampton. There can be no doubt that her education was of a superior character. In 1555(0) she became the second wife of Thomas Radcliffe, viscount Fitz waiter, who in the same year was con- stituted lord-deputy of Ireland. On 17 February, 1556-7, he succeeded, by the death of his father, to the title of earl of Sussex, being elected K.G. 23 April, 1557. He was one of the most eminent statesmen of the age, and died, after -a lingering illness, 9 June, 1583, in his fifty-seventh year.(6)
The earl of Sussex by his will bequeathed to the countess all his jewels, habiliments, chains, buttons, and ornaments, with or without precious stones (except five stones, given him on a sword by Philip, king of Spain). He also gave her 4000 ounces of gilt plate, and all the coaches and furniture which she and her women used to ride in, besides their riding horses and six geldings, also one-third of his linen. Under this will and certain settlements she enjoyed for her life Newhall and other manors in Essex, with considerable estates in Norfolk, and his residence at Bermondsey. The jewels he be- queathed her were valued at £3169.
(a) His first wife Elizabeth Wriothesley, daughter of Thomas earl of Southampton, -was buried 16 January, 1554-5. The countess of Sussex in a letter to queen Elizabeth, which will be hereafter given, states that she had been married to the earl twenty-eight years, which agrees with the date above given.
(6) See a memoir of the earl of Sussex in Athena Cantdbrigienses, I. 462.
8 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
In his last illness some malicious persons had alienated the earl's affection from his wife, who after his death, in consequence, as it would appear, of some dispute with his executors, fell under the dis- pleasure of the queen. The following letter to her majesty from the countess was forwarded through sir Christopher Hatton, 18 September, 1583: —
To THE QUEEN.
MOST GEACIOUS AND MOST MERCIFUL QUEEN, I most humbly beseech your Majesty to view these few lines, written with many tears, and even in the bitterness of my soul, with that pitiful regard wherewith God hath viewed your Majesty at all times and in all cases. And albeit I am now beaten down with many afflictions and calamities hardly to be borne of flesh and blood, yet is there no grief that pierceth me so deeply as that by sinister suggestion I should be defamed to be undutiful to your most excellent Majesty, and injurious to the honour of my dear Lord lately deceased. For the first, I appeal to God himself, the searcher of hearts, and revenger of all disloyalties; for the second, I appeal to none but unto my most gracious Queen, whether I have not from time to time been more careful of his health, honour, and well doing than of mine own soul and safety ; refusing all friends and friendships in this world for so dear a Lord, whom I followed, in health and sickness, in wealth and woe, with more care than becomed a true Christian, to owe unto any worldly creature. The which if it be true, (as I trust your Majesty in my right and your justice doth acknowledge it is,) marvel not, most dread Sovereign, if the vigilant malice of those who have long complotted my ruin, who espied their time, when my Lord through anguish and torments was brought to his utmost weakness, to break the perfect band and love of twenty-eight years' continuance, have also, by cunning sleights devised, and by slanderous speeches instilled into your Majesty's ears, the want of that duty, the which I pray God may sooner fail by lack of life than want of loyalty. And thus, most noble Princess, am I
}
i'
•
with tru- that
at a! in all cases.
down with many
of flesh and blood, '.here no gtief that pierceth me so
deeply as that by >vuj should be defamed to
j 7, and injurious to
n>«>! i -ed. For the first,
I apy *rtaf *« * :-*if-«fiif«r
. •
• -id -well doinj
' nds and friendships
t; Allowed, in health
nore care thai
.
- have Ic . '4! my
my Lor ? anguish
• •is utmost weakness, to break
;-ht year <.ance,
nd by glanderous
: • • T- want of that
duty, the vh1 y lack Of life
-m>« coble Princess, am I
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 9
trodden down by my inferiors, not only in worldly maintenance, which I nothing esteem (having far more, by God's goodness, than I deserve), but also am touched in the chiefest point of honour, and the highest degree of duty, which bringeth on every side such a sea of sorrows as, were it not for the fear of God's revenge, I could, with all my heart, redeem them with the sacrifice of my life. Wherefore, most gracious Lady, even for the pity which ever hath been engrafted in your Princely heart, I most humbly beseech you, see not your Majesty's poor servant trodden down by the malicious speeches and unconscionable extremities of those who took the advantage of my Lord's painful weakness to work my disgrace, nor in- crease my just and perpetual griefs with your heavy displeasure : praying God that I may rather presently die while I write these lines, than that I may live wittingly to deserve your Majesty's just dislike. In the meantime, I will not cease to pray to the Almighty for your Majesty's life, health, and pros- perity. From the poor careful close of Bermondsey. Your Majesty's poor, but true faithful servant, to die at your feet,
F. SUSSEX.W
On the 31st of October following, the countess addressed a letter to lord Burghley returning her thanks to him for having pleaded for her with her majesty. (6)
Her applications to be restored to the queen's favour having failed, she renewed her efforts in a letter to sir Christopher Hatton, dated Bermondsey, 12 April, 1585, wherein she offered to disprove the sinister informations of her contraries. (c)
Her nephew, the heroic and incomparable sir Philip Sidney, by his will bequeathed her a ring with a diamond, in token of his very dutiful love.
(a) Nicolas's Life of Hatton, 345.
(6) MS. Lansd. 38. art. 66.
(c) Nicolaa's Life of Hatton, 416.
10 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
She died at Bermondsey, 9 March, 1588-9, and was buried with great pomp, 15 April, 1589, on the east side of the chapel of S. Paul in Westminster abbey, where is a stately monument of alabaster marble and coloured stones, being twenty-four feet in height and consisting of an altar tomb under an enriched arch with corinthian columns supporting an entablature crowned with three pyramids and as many emblazoned shields. On the tomb is a recumbent effigy of the countess in her robes and coronet. At the back of the arch is a tablet whereon are the following inscriptions :
Inclytae Heroinae Franciscae Comitissae Sussex ex nobili & Antiqua Sydneiorum familia ortse, illustrissimo, sapientisshno, & bellicosissimo viro Domino Thomas Ratcliffe comiti Sussex nuptae, fceminae multis carissimisque dotibus, turn animi turn corporis ornataa, in sanguine conjunctos, in amicos, in pauperes, in captivos, & praecipue in verbi divini ministros liberalitate & charitate pras caeteris insigni, quas lectionem sacrae Theologiae in Ecclesia Westmonasteriensi Collegiata legendam instituit, & quinque millia librarum per testamentum legavit, quibus vel extrueretur Collegium novum in Academia Cantabrigiensi vel (ad augmentum Aulae Clarensis in eadem Academia) perqui- reretur annuus census: de quo perpetuo ali possint magister unus, decem socii, & Scholares viginti. Opus certe praeclarum & nunquam satis laudatum. Vixit annos 58. Mort. est 9 Mart. & sepulta fuit die 15 Aprilis, Anno Dom. 1589.
Here lieth the most honourable Lady Frances sometime Countess of Sussex, Daughter of Sir William Sydney of Pensehurst Knight, Wife and Widow to that most noble, most wise, and most martial gentleman Thomas Katcliffe Earl of Sussex; a woman whilst she lived adorned with many and most rare gifts both of mind and body, towards God truly and zealously religious, to her Friends and Kinsfolk most liberal, to the poor prisoners, to the Ministers of the Word of God always most charitable. By her last Will and Testa-
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 11
ment she instituted a Divinity Lecture to be read in this Collegiate Church, and by the same her Testament, gave also 5000 lib. towards the building of a new College in the University of Cambridge, with sufficient yearly revenue for the continual maintenance of one Master, ten Fellows and twenty Schollars, either in the same College, or else in another House in the said University already builded, commonly called Clare Hall. She lived 58 years, and died the ninth of March, and was buried the fifteenth of April 1589.
Misericordia & Charitate, Pietate & Prudentia, Fide Con- jugali.
Beati mortui qui in Domino moriuntur.
Omnia plena malis, fert Deus unus opem.
Veni Domine Jesu, veni cito.
By her will, bearing date 6th of December, 1588, after giving directions for her burial and tomb, she directed her executors to purchase a perpetual annuity of £20 to the use of a godly and learned preacher, who for, and in her name, should read two lectures in divinity, weekly, for ever, in West- minster abbey, on such several days as no other sermons or lectures were to be read there. Her executors were also to bestow £100 amongst poor and godly preachers in London and the suburbs thereof.
And reciting that since the decease of her late lord, the earl of Sussex, she had, in devotion and charity, purposed to make and erect some goodly and godly monument for the maintenance of good learning, and to that intent, had yearly gathered, and deducted out of her revenues, so much as con- veniently she could. She therefore, in accomplish- ment and performance of the same her charitable pretence, with the ready money which she had so
12 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
yearly reserved, and with a certain portion of plate, and other things which she had purposely left, willed and ordained, that her executors should bestow and employ the sum of £5000, over and besides all such her goods, as in her will remained unbequeathed, for the erection of a new college in the university of Cambridge to be called the lady Frances Sidney Sussex college, and purchasing some competent lands for the maintaining of a master and of ten fellows and twenty scholars, students there, according to the laudable custom of the said university, if the said £5000 and the remainder of her goods unbequeathed would thereunto extend. But if, by the judgment of her executors, it be thought not sufficient to erect and found a new college in her name and for the maintenance thereof as she intended, then that the said £5000 and unbequeathed goods should be employed for the enlarging of Clare hall, in the said university of Cambridge and for purchasing so much lands, to be annexed to the said college, or hall, for ever, for the maintenance of so many scholars there, according to the rates then used in the said uni- versity. Which college, from thenceforth, should be called Clare and lady Frances Sidney Sussex college or hall.
She bequeathed to he? well beloved nephew, sir Robert Sidney, knight, (a) a standing testern of crimson velvet, outer vallance and inner vallance, and bases below, of crimson velvet, all cut with
(a) Son of her brother, sir Henry Sidney. He eventually became earl of Leicester.
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 13
cloth of silver, richly embroidered in gold, with her arms and five curtains of crimson taffeta, striped with silver lace, a quilt of crimson satin, embroidered with scollop shells of cloth of silver, also much other rich furniture therein mentioned, being in several rooms: likewise all her plate, jewels, &c. not be- queathed, among which was a cup of gold, weigh- ing, with the cover, twenty-six ounces, with a porcupine standing on the top. Also a porcupine, with a roll of gold, set with pearl, being her said nephew's arms and hers. She bequeathed to sir William Fitzwilliam, knight, (o) £200, to her sister, the lady Fitzwilliam, several jewels and furniture; and to her nephew, John Fitzwilliam, £40 to make him a chain. To her nephew, sir John Harrington, (6) and his lady,(c) much furniture and jewels. To her niece, the lady Montagu, (d) a trained gown of black velvet, embroidered all over with broken trees, a large kirtle, embroidered, and a suit of aglets enamelled, with a suit of buttons, with garnets, and pearls of one hundred and twenty. And to her nephew, Edward Montagu, a suit of hangings of the story of Holifernes and Judith, and much rich furniture, in the chamber thereto belong- ing ; also all her silver plate belonging to her cushion cloth, and the plate in her cupboard in her bed-
(a) Of Milton, lord deputy of Ireland. He married the countess's sister Anne.
(6) Eldest son of sir James Harrington of Exton in Rutland, who married the countess's sister Lucy. In 1603 he was created lord Harrington of Exton.
(c) Anne daughter and heiress of Robert Kelway, esq.
(rf) Elizabeth, eldest daughter of sir James Harrington and Lucy his wife, married to sir Edward Montagu of Boughton.
1.4 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
chamber, with a pair of gilt andirons, with great bowls at the feet, like lions' heads.
She appointed executors, her nephew, sir John Harrington, her cousin, Mr. Henry Bosvil, her well beloved friend, Mr. Bond, Doctor in Divinity, (a) for the great virtue she had always conceived in him ; her well beloved friend, Mr. Robert Forth, Doctor of the civil law,(6) for the like great virtue she had perceived of his fair dealing; her good friend, Mr. Gabriel Goodman, Doctor in Divinity, (c) for his godly and virtuous inclination. And for the better execution of her will, she constituted her honourable good friend, the earl of Kent,(d) for the great honour, wisdom, zeal in religion and virtue, which was noted in him, the chief and principal executor of the same, to whom she bequeathed, as a special legacy, her fair bason and ewer, wrought richly with stories enamelled, weighing 177 ounces, and a cup of gold to be bought for him, to the value of £100. And appointed her good friend the lord archbishop of Canterbury, (e) supervisor, and bequeathed to him several pieces of her plate. (/)
It appears that her tomb cost £200, and that her executors were chargeable with £10,996. 14s. 9d. to perform all her legacies, of which they received in ready money £3,997., by 4614 oz. of gilt plate
(a) Afterwards president of Magdalen college, Oxford. See Athen. Cantab, n. 466.
(b) A notice of Dr. Forth is in Athen. Cantab, n. 187.
(c) Dean of Westminster. See Athen. Cantab, n. 317.
(d) Henry Grey, sixth earl of Kent, died 1615.
(e) John Whitgift.
(/) Collins's Sydney Papers, I. (1) 80.
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 15
£1,220., by 4868 oz. of white plate £1,164., and by jewels £2,652.((l)
The FOUNDATION. — By an act of parliament passed 35 Eliz., the master, fellows, and scholars of Trinity college were empowered to sell or let at fee farm to the executors of the countess of Sussex, the late site of the dissolved house of the Greyfriars in Cambridge.
Queen Elizabeth(6) by letters patent dated 25th of July in the 36th year of her reign [1594], after re- citing the will of the countess of Sussex, empowered the earl of Kent and sir John Harrington, two of her executors, to found and establish a college on the late site of the house of the Grey Mars in Cambridge, or in any other convenient place within or near the town, and to appoint the master, fellows, and scholars, and make statutes and ordinances for their government. The college so founded her majesty willed should be called the college of the lady Frances Sidney Sussex for ever. The master, fellows, and scholars were made a body corporate with the usual powers, and authorized to hold in mortmain lands not exceeding the clear yearly value of £500.
The master, fellows, and scholars of Trinity college by an indenture dated 10 September, 37 Eliz. [1595], conveyed(c) to the earl of Kent, sir John Harrington,
(a) Bloomfield's Norfolk, I. 518.
(b) The executors of the countess of Sussex in compliance with a direction to that effect, in her will presented the queen with a jewel of £140 value, being a star of rubies and diamonds, having a ruby in the centre, and at the back a hand delivering up a heart to the crown. On delivery of this jewel they prayed her majesty's licence to found the college, which she granted accordingly.
(a) One hundred marks was paid to Trinity college as the considera- tion for this conveyance. The sum was fixed by archbishop Whitgift. — Cooper's Annals of Cambridge, II. 465, n.
16 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
Robert Forth, doctor of the civil law, and Nicholas Bond, D.D., executors of the countess of Sussex, all that parcel of land containing by estimation three acres, more or less, called or known by the name of the late site of the house of Greyfriars, within or near the town of Cambridge, then enclosed with a stone wall, together with the said wall and walls, and all houses and buildings, &c. (except one conduit, sometime belonging to the said site). To hold in fee at the annual rent of £13. 6s. 8^., subject to certain leases made by Trinity college before 1 January 35 Eliz., and to a proviso for avoiding the conveyance if the college appointed to be erected by the countess were not built within seven years.
James Montagu, M.A. of Christ's college, a re- lative of the foundress, became the first master, being so constituted 14 February, 1595-6, when the earl of Kent and sir John Harrington executed a deed founding the college, consisting of a master, three fellows, and four scholars, in the name of more to be thereafter appointed. Mr. Montagu was sub- sequently created D.D., and became in succession, dean of Worcester, bishop of Bath and Wells, and bishop of Winchester.
On the 20th of February, 1595-6, the earl of Kent and sir John Harrington by their attorney gave possession of the site of the college to Mr. Montagu and to William Wood, M.A., and John Maynard, B.A., in the name of the rest of the fellows and scholars.
The first stone of the fabric was laid by Mr. Montagu, 20 May, 1596.
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SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 17
In August, 1598, the earl of Kent and sir John Harrington gave statutes. These were subsequently altered from time to time, the last emendations being made by the earl, as surviving executor.
In 1599 the college was completed, and eleven fellows(rt) were appointed.
The first, second and third masters were nomi- nated by the executors of the foundress. On the 13th of September, 1643, the fellows met to elect a master in the room of that illustrious ornament of the college, Samuel Ward, D.D., who had died on the 6th of that month, having presided over the society with distinguished reputation for nearly thirty- four years.(6) Six of the fellows were in favour of Herbert Thorndike, fellow of Trinity college (after- wards canon of Westminster), and five for Richard Minshull, B.D., one of the fellows of this college. A band of soldiers broke in and carried off John Pawson/c) one of Mr. Thorndike's voters. The fel- lows in his interest in consequence protested against the election, and all but one of them withdrew. Mr. Minshull being elected by five of the remaining six, was admitted. He and the fellows were however
(a) Viz., Samuel "Wright, B.D., from Magdalen college ; "William "Wood, M.A., from Christ's college ; John Gamond, M.A., from Pembroke hall ; Francis Aldrich, M.A., from Clare hall (the second master) ; "William Bradshaw, M.A., from Emmanuel college; Thomas Gataker, M.A., from S. John's college; John Stafford; Robert Rhodes; Christopher Swale, M.A., from Trinity college; Richard Cleburn, B.A., from Trinity College; and Samuel Ward, B.A., from S. John's college (afterwards of Ipswich).
In 1612 the executors on account of the insufficiency of the revenues reduced the number of fellows to seven.
(6) At the close of his life he was much persecuted by the puritans and was for some time imprisoned in S. John's College.
(c) Afterwards fellow of S. John's.
VOL. III. C
18 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
cited to appear before the king at Oxford, but ulti- mately his majesty, with the assent of Mr. Thorn dike, confirmed Mr. Minshull's election.
Dr. Richard Minshull, master, died 30 December, 1686. The succeeding master, Joshua Basset, B.D., fellow of Caius college, came in by a mandate from James II. Being a Roman catholic the king dispensed with his taking the requisite oaths. He set up the mass in the college chapel, and at his instance the commissioners for ecclesiastical causes on the 13th of June, 1687, made an order altering the college statutes so as wholly to destroy the protestant character of the foundation. This order was confirmed by a letter from the king to the college, dated Windsor, 2 July, in the same year.
On the 1st of December, 1688, (after the landing of the prince of Orange) the king, by a letter to the college, dated from Whitehall, rescinded the order of the commissioners and his confirmatory letter, and willed that the statutes of the college should be observed and pursued as if the alterations of the commissioners had not been made. Basset had previously absconded, and on the 9th of December, 1688, James Johnson, B.D., was unanimously elected master.
Queen Anne, on the 10th of May, 1705, granted the college a licence of mortmain for lands not ex- ceeding the clear yearly value of £500, and ad- vowsons, rectories, vicarages, and churches of what- soever value, not exceeding ten in number.
On the 20th of March, 1860, the common seal of the Cambridge university commissioners was affixed
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 19
to a code of statutes framed by them for ttie future government and regulation of this college, and on the 16th of May following, they made ten other statutes concerning certain bye-foundations. These several statutes were confirmed by her majesty in council on the 1st of August in the same year. The commissioners by another statute made the 23rd of October, 1860, and which in due course received the royal assent, repealed the older statutes of the college, except so far as they affected certain rights and interests of the present master and of fellows elected before a specified date, and save and except such parts as relate to the powers and functions of the visitor, which remain in force as heretofore.
BENEFACTORS. — Sir John Harrington (afterwards lord Harrington), one of the executors of the found- ress, gave the college the legacy bequeathed to him by her will, also in 1595 an annuity of £30 and £600 secured by a statute staple; Peter Blundell of Tiverton, clothier, having in 1599 bequeathed £2000 for founding scholarships in the universities, two fellowships and two scholarships were soon after- wards established in this college, it being appointed that one of the fellows should read a greek or hebrew lecture; Edward Montagu, esq. of Hemington, in Northamptonshire (afterwards lord Montagu of Boughton) in 1599 gave lands in Sussex, directing that during the continuance of a lease for lives the rent should be laid out in purchase of books of divinity and afterwards applied to the maintenance of scholars; Leonard Smith, citizen and fishmonger of London, by will in 1601 bequeathed £120 and
C2
20 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
all his goods for founding a fellowship ; sir John Hart, alderman and sometime lord mayor of London, in 1603 bequeathed £30 for the use of the library and £600 to purchase an estate for the endowment of two fellowships and four scholarships and for other uses; William Bennet, citizen and fishmonger of London, in 1604 gave £60 to found a scholarship ; John Freestone, esq. of Altofts, in Yorkshire, having bequeathed £500 for a fellowship and two scholar- ships at Emmanuel college, and that society de- clining the legacy, such fellowship and scholarships were in 1607 established in this college; John Harrington, second lord Harrington of Exton, gave £100; Henry Grey, earl of Kent, one of the exe- cutors of the foundress, gave the college the legacy bequeathed to him by her will, and also plate; James Montagu, bishop of Winchester, the first master, was a considerable benefactor to the chapel, and in 1618 bequeathed a rent charge of £20 per annum, whereof 20 marks was to discharge the rent payable to Trinity college; John Bolles, esq.(a) of Scampton, in Lincolnshire, in 1618 gave £200 for augmenting the fellowships founded by his grand- father, sir John Hart; Robert Johnson, B.D., arch- deacon of Leicester, in 1625 founded four scholar- ships; sir John Brereton, king's serjeant at law in Ireland, one of the first scholars of the college, in 1626 bequeathed(6) nearly £3000 to augment the
(a) Afterwards a baronet. He died 1648. There is an account of him in Illingworth's Topographical Account of Scampton, p. 47, -where is the epitaph by Richard Dugard on his eldest son George Bolles of this college, who died 1632, set. 20.
(6) His gift was invalid in law, but was confirmed by sir John Bramston (afterwards chief justice) who married his widow.
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 21
stipends of the master, fellows, and scholars, and for a mathematical lecture and other purposes ; Paul Micklethwaite, B.D., sometime fellow, gave in 1627 a house opposite the college for founding two scholar- ships ; sir Francis Clerke, of Houghton Conquest, in Bedfordshire, built a fair and firm range of twenty chambers, and in 1628 founded four fellowships and eight scholarships, and augmented the scholarships of the first foundation; Dame Rebecca Ronmey in 1629 founded two exhibitions at this college ;(a) Francis Combe, esq. of Heniel Hempstead, by will in 1641 gave a great part of his library, also lands in Hertfordshire for the establishment of four ex- hibitions; Samuel Ward, D.D., master, in 1643 be- queathed £50, also certain MSS. and coins, including the gold medal given to him at the synod of Dort ; James Risely, esq. of High Holborn, Middlesex, in 1649 granted to the college after his decease the advowson of the vicarage of Wilshamstead, in Bed- fordshire; Richard Dugard, B.D., rector of Fulletby, in Lincolnshire, in 1653 bequeathed £130, whereof £10 was to buy books for the library; John Gyles, M.A., in 1654 gave by will the advowson of the vicarage of Peasemarsh, in Sussex ; Philip Stanhope, earl of Chesterfield, gave £100 to the library ; Charles Pendreth, B.D., fellow, in 1657 bequeathed £83 ; John
(a) Amongst the early benefactors were Anne wife of John first lord Harrington; Lucy, countess of Bedford, his daughter; George, lord Goring, afterwards earl of Norwich ; John Young, D.D., dean of Winchester, some- time fellow ; sir William Willmore of Sywell, Northamptonshire (the first pensioner) ; Robert Hudson, citizen of London ; John Harrington, esq. ; Godfrey Foljambe, esq.; Edward Wray, esq.; and Edward Montagu, second lord Montagu of Boughton.
22 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
Ham in 1678 bequeathed £200 towards the maintenance of a scholar at this college or Balliol college, Oxford ; Downham Yeomans, of Cambridge, dyer, in 1680 gave lands in Suffolk for the use and benefit of three scholars of this house; Thomas Fowler, B.D., fellow, gave in 1680 £4 per annum to two sizars ;(-) the executors of John Jones, esq. of London, in 1693 gave to the college £100 out of monies bequeathed by him for charitable uses; James Johnson, D.D., master, in 1703 bequeathed £1200 to buy advowsons and gave the advowson of the rectory of Eempstone, in Nottinghamshire; he also devised estates(6) to augment benefices in the gift of the college and for other pious uses; William Barcroft, founded two exhibitions ; Samuel Taylor of Dudley, (c) in 1726 gave an estate to found a mathematical fellowship and scholarships ;(d) Francis
(a) Seth Ward, bishop of Salisbury, is said to have given to this college, whereof he was sometime fellow, £1000 in 1679. This is a mistake. — Wood's Athen, Oxon. ed. Bliss iv. 249.
Sir John Frederick is enumerated amongst the benefactors to this house, but we are unable to specify in what particular way his bounty thereto was exhibited. He was an alderman of London, lord mayor, 1662, and treasurer of Christ's hospital from that year to 1684. He rebuilt the hall of the hospital at the cost of £5000 and upwards. — Trollope's Hist, of Chrisfs Hospital, 104, 105, 344.
(6) Some of these estates were lost by defects in the will.
(c) Samuel Taylor, son of John Taylor, minister of the word, born at Dudley, Worcestershire, in or about 1667, and educated for about six years at Swinford Regis, Staffordshire, under Mr. Edward Molineux, was admitted of this college the 2nd of June, 1688, (his father being then deceased). It does not appear that he took any degree.
(d) Mr. Taylor's estate is at Dudley in Worcestershire and at Oaken and Tipton green in Staffordshire. The foundation of scholarships was conditional on mines being sunk. By a decree of the master of the rolls made in 1738, a mathematical lectureship was directed to be established in lieu of a fellowship. Under private acts of parlia- ment passed in 1818 and 1823, the college are empowered to lease the
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 23
Sawyer Parris, D.D., master, bequeathed in 1760 his valuable library and £600 ; the rev. Thomas Lovett, M.A., in or about 1777 founded by will two ex- hibitions; William Chafy, D.D., master, in his life- time contributed liberally to the alterations in the buildings of the college, and at his death in 1843 bequeathed £1000.
EMINENT MEN. — Samuel Wright, the first fellow, author of numerous sermons, died about 1609. Daniel Dyke, fellow, author of theological treatises and sermons, died about 1614. James Montagu, master, bishop of Winchester, died 1618. William Bradshaw, fellow, author of an exposition of the Corinthians and other works, died 1618. Samuel Buggs, D.D., fellow, a famous preacher at Coventry, flourished 1626. Paul Micklethwaite, D.D., fellow, master of the Temple, flourished 1628. Richard Garbutt, fellow, lecturer at Leeds, author of various sermons, died 1630-1. John Playfere, fellow, rector of Depden, Suffolk, author of Appello Evangelium, died 1631. John Morton, a popular preacher in London, author of Truth's Champion, died 1631. William Flathers, fellow, archdeacon of Northumber- land, 1636-8. Jeremy Dyke, fellow, vicar of Epping, author of The Worthy Communicant and other works, died 1639. Samuel Ward, fellow, a celebrated preacher at Ipswich, author of numerous sermons, died 1639-40. John Pocklington, D.D., fellow, canon
mines on Mr. Taylor's estate and out of the money thereby raised to found exhibitions, build and fit up apartments and lecture-rooms for the exhibitioners, establish a mathematical library, purchase mathe- matical instruments, and augment the stipend of Mr. Taylor's lecturer.
24 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
of Windsor, Lincoln, and Peterborough, author of Sunday no Sabbath and Altare Christianum, died 1640. John Young, D.D., fellow, dean of Winchester, died 1640. Charles Aleyn, poet, died about 1640. Edward Noel, viscount Campden, one of the com- manders in the army of Charles I., died 1643. Samuel Ward, D.D., master, archdeacon of Taunton, Margaret professor of divinity, one of the trans- lators of the Bible, and a divine of extraordinary erudition and attainments, died 1643. John de Reede, lord of Ronsvorde, envoy from the states general to England, 1644. James Fosbrooke, author of various sermons, flourished 1644. Richard Hewlett, fellow, dean of Cashel, flourished 1644. Godfrey Rodes, fellow, dean of Derry, flourished 1647. Thomas May, poet and historian of the long parliament, died 1650. Julines Herring, a noted puritan divine, died 1651. Daniel Evance, rector of Calbourne in the Isle of Wight, a celebrated preacher, died 1652. Thomas Adams, a loyal and learned preacher in London, author of a commentary on the second epistle of S. Peter, and of many excellent sermons, died about 1653. Richard Du- gard, fellow, rector of Fulletby, Lincolnshire, a celebrated tutor and classical scholar, died 1653-4. Sir Roger Bertie, K.B., died 1654. Thomas Gataker, fellow, a renowned critic, died 1654. Jeremy Whitaker, one of the assembly of divines, successively rector of Stretton, Rutland, and pastor of S. Mary Magdalen Bermondsey, author of various sermons, died 1654. Francis Leke, earl of Scarsdale, died 1655. Philip Stanhope, earl of Chesterfield, died
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 25
1656. John Lewis, author of theological treatises and sermons, flourished 1656. Sir John Reynolds, military commander, lost at sea, 1657. Robert White, D.D., archdeacon of Norfolk, died 1657. Oliver Cromwell, lord protector, died 1658. Thomas Fuller, D.D., author of The Church History of Britain, The Worthies of England, and many other excellent works, died 1661. George Goring, earl of Norwich, a commander in the army of Charles I., died 1662. William Dugard, head master of Merchant Taylor's school, author of grammatical and classical works, died 1662. John Bramhall, archbishop of Armagh, died 1663. Richard Damport, fellow, rector of Stowlangtoft, Suffolk, a celebrated preacher, died about 1664. Clement Panian, dean of Elphin, died 1664. Edward Montagu, master of the horse to the queen of Charles II., killed in the attack on the dutch fleet at Bergen, 1665. Montagu Bertie, earl of Lindsey, K.G., a commander in the army of Charles I., died 1666. Joseph Naylor, D.D., fellow, canon of Durham, and sometime archdeacon of Northumberland, died 1667. John Sterne, M.D., founder and first presi- dent of the college of surgeons in Ireland, and author of learned medical works, died 1669. Clement Bretton, D.D., fellow, archdeacon of Leicester, died 1669. Edward Montagu, earl of Manchester, E.G., chancellor of the university, a commander in the army of the parliament, and lord chamberlain to Charles II., died 1671. Sir William Morton, justice of the king's bench, died 1672. Thomas Richardson, lord Cramond, died 1674. Richard Resbury, ejected vicar of Oundle, a learned controversialist, died about
26 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
1675. Thomas Micklethwaite, one of the assembly of divines, and ejected rector of Cherry Burton, Yorkshire, died 1675. Theophilus Dillingham, D.D., fellow of this college, afterwards master of Clare hall and archdeacon of Bedford, died 1678. Walter Montagu, abbot of Nanteuil, author of Miscellanea Spiritualia and other works, died 1678. John Wheelwright, a celebrated preacher in New England, died 1679. Thomas Calvert, ejected rector of All- hallows, York, author of numerous learned works, died 1679. Malachi Thruston, M.D., fellow, author of Diatribse de Respiratione usu Primario, flourished 1679. Charles Gataker, rector of Hoggeston Bucks, an able theological writer, died 1680. John Ryther, ejected vicar of Ferriby, Yorkshire, author of sermons and controversial works, died 1681. Edward Montagu, lord Montagu of Boughton, died 1681. Richard Standfast, canon of Bristol, a sufferer for his loyalty to Charles I., and author of devotional works and sermons, died 1684. Edmund Calamy, M.A., a distinguished non-conforming divine, died 1685. John Billers, public orator, 1681-1689. Seth Ward, fellow, bishop of Salisbury, died 1688-9. Robert Wensley, vicar of Cheshunt, author of sermons and theological treatises, died 1689. Sir George Ent, M.D., president of the college of physicians, a learned writer on anatomy, died 1689. George Cockayne, ejected rector of S. Pancras Soper lane, a celebrated preacher and author, died about 1689. John Goodman, D.D., archdeacon of Middlesex, author of theological works and sermons, died 1690. Charles North, lord North and Grey, died 1690.
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 27
John Bidgood, M.D., a distinguished physician at Exeter, died 1690-1. Ralph Ward, ejected vicar of Hartborn, Northumberland, a divine of repute and ability, died 1691. David Jenner, fellow, prebendary of Salisbury, author of the Prerogative of Primogeniture and other works, died 1691. Gilbert Clerke, fellow, a great mathematician and able commentator on the greek scriptures, died about 1697. Thomas Jekyll, D.D., author of an exposition on the church catechism and sermons, died 1698. Sir Peter Pett, advocate general in Ireland, author of political and other works, died 1699. Thomas Comber, D.D., dean of Durham, an able theologian, died 1699.
William Brearey, LL.D., archdeacon of the east riding of York, died 1701-2. John Luke, D.D., fellow, professor of arabic, died 1702. Sir Roger L'Estrange, a sufferer for his loyalty to Charles I., and author of many political and other works, died 1704. Sir William Montagu, chief baron of the exchequer, died 1707. John Lamb, D.D., dean of Ely, died 1708. Sir Robert Atkyns, chief baron of the ex- chequer, died 1708. John Thompson, lord Haver- sham, a celebrated politician, died 1710. Theophilus Pickering, D.D., fellow, canon of Durham, a muni- ficent benefactor to the church and the poor, died 1710-11. Thomas Rymer, editor of the Foedera and critical writer, died 1713. Richard Brocklesby, author of an Explication of the Gospel Theism, died about 1714. William Wollaston, author of The Religion of Nature delineated, died 1724. William Pattison, an unfortunate poet, died 1727. Thomas
28 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
Walker, LL.D., fellow, head master of Charterhouse school, died 1728. John Frankland, D.D., master, dean of Ely, died 1730. Eobert Camell, LL.D., rector of Bradwell and Lound, Suffolk, author of sermons and other works, died 1732. Thomas Woolston, fellow, a noted heterodox writer, died 1732-3. Thomas Bishop, D.D., rector of S. Mary Tower, Ipswich, author of sermons against the arian heresy, died 1737. Eichard Venn, rector of S. Antholin, London, a famous evangelical divine, died 1738. John Wicksted, archdeacon of Wells, died 1742. John Allen, M.D., author of Synopsis Medicinse, flourished 1742. Richard Reynolds, bishop of Lincoln, died 1743-4. Richard Allin, fellow, antiquary and divine, died 1747. Samuel Peploe, bishop of Chester, died 1753. Thomas Wilson, bishop of Sodor and Man, died 1755. Thomas Wingfield, author of a treatise on the Lord's Supper and sermons, died about 1760. John Colson, Lucasian professor, died 1760. Francis Sawyer Parris, D.D., master, principal librarian of the university, died 1760. William Murdin, fellow, editor of the Burghley papers, died 1761. John Gay, fellow, an able metaphysician and biblical critic, died 1763. Charlton Wollaston, M.D., a dis- tinguished London physician, died 1764. Francis Topham, LL.D., judge of the prerogative court of York and master of the faculties, died 1770. Philip Morant, author of the History of Essex, died 1770. William Ward, master of Beverley school, an able writer on grammar, died 1772. Laurence Jackson, fellow, prebendary of Lincoln, author of contro-
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 29
versial and other works, died 1772. Robert Hutchinson, artist and poet, died 1773. John Jones, of Welwyn, author of Free and Candid Disquisitions relating to the Church of England and of other works, died about 1775. John Lawson, fellow, rector of Swanscombe, Kent, a distinguished mathematical writer, died 1781. John Garnett, fellow, bishop of Clogher, died 1782. Richard Jackson, university counsel, famed for universal knowledge, died 1782. Joseph Greenhill, rector of East Horsley and Clendon, Surrey, author of numerous sermons, died 1788.
William Jones, vicar of Stoke by Nayland, the biographer of bishop Home, and author of numerous essays, dissertations, and sermons, died 1800. Oliver Saint John Cooper, topographer, died 1801. Thomas Twining, fellow, translator of Aristotle's poetics, died 1804. George Moore, archdeacon of Cornwall, died
1807. Moor Scribo, rector of Croyland, antiquary, died
1808. Richard Cecil, a celebrated evangelical divine, author of sermons, biographical and other works, died
1810. Edward Pearson, D.D., master, a divine of great ability, and author of numerous works, died
1811. Philip Parsons, rector of Eastwell, Kent, topographer and essayist, died 1812. Robert Luke, fellow, author of sermons and other works, died
1812. John Venn, rector of Clapham, a celebrated evangelical divine, died 1813. Thomas Ruggles, author of The History of the Poor, and works on law, antiquities, and agriculture, died 1813. Francis Wollaston, precentor of S. David's, author of sermons and political and philosophical works, died 1815. John Hey, D.D., fellow, first Norrissian professor, author of
30 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
Lectures on Divinity and other works, died 1815. Christopher Hunter, fellow, rector of Gayton, Northamptonshire, biographer of Christopher Smart and editor of his works, died 1818. Aulay Macaulay, vicar of Rothley, Leicestershire, author of topographical and other works of merit, died 1819. Richard Hey, LL.D., fellow, an able essayist and mathematician, died about 1820. Samuel Vince, archdeacon of Bedford and Plumian professor, a distinguished mathematician and astronomer, died 1821. Francis John Hyde Wollaston,(a) archdeacon of Essex, and for many years Jacksonian professor, died 1823. Joseph Kemp, MUS.D., a distinguished composer, and author of dramas and works on music, died 1824. Thomas Martyn, fellow, professor of botany, died 1825. Charles Sandiford, fellow, archdeacon of Wells, died 1826. George Wollaston, D.D., fellow, a distinguished mathematician, died 1826. John Lettice, D.D., fellow, vicar of Peasemarsh, Sussex, and prebendary of Chichester, author of sermons and antiquarian and miscellaneous works, died 1832. William Hett, prebendary of Lincoln, author of sermons, poems, and miscellaneous works, died 1833. Edward Smedley, fellow, editor of Encyclopedia Metropolitana, and author of poetical, historical, and biographical works, died 1836. James Edward Gambier, rector of Langley, Kent, author of An In- troduction to the study of Moral Evidence, died 1839. James Tate, fellow, canon of S. Paul's, many years head master of Richmond school, died 1843.
(a) He was in 1807 elected master of this college, but his election was set aside, he not being statutably qualified.
i
13
3 from <
u PulL
ord r of Sonn<
o eonsi •
>f Ral •e and wi
lows) and separated from By a • orced witli / ornamei!
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
31
THE NORTHERN COUKT.
Thomas Mitchell, fellow, editor of Aristophanes and Sophocles, died 1845. Weeden Butler, author of poetical and other works, original and trans- lated, died 1851. George Butler, D.D., fellow, dean of Peterborough and previously head master of Harrow school, died 1853. Samuel Phillips, LL.D., journalist, novelist, and essayist, died 1854. "Weever Walter, vicar of Bonby, Lincolnshire, author of Lectures on S. Paul, Letters from the Continent and sermons, died 1860. William Pulling, an extra- ordinary linguist and author of Sonnets, died 1860. THE BUILDINGS. — The college consisted originally of only one court of brick with stone dressings, erected from the designs of Ralph Simons, con- sisting of a centre and wings (the latter finished by projecting windows) and separated from the street by a wall pierced with a gateway ornamented in
32 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
the style which prevailed at the close of the sixteenth century. (a)
Sir Francis Clerke soon afterwards erected ad- ditional chambers to the south, which, with the chapel, formed a second court, very similar in cha- racter to the other.
In and soon after 1830 sir Jeffrey Wyatville, who then had great but undeserved repute as an architect, made extensive alterations. The brick walls were fenced with cement, a number of in- significant turrets were erected, porches were added, and one of the wings of the original structure was converted into a low tower, surmounted with stepped gables. The gateway was removed and a new entrance formed under this low tower. These alterations have wholly destroyed the congruity and venerable appearance of the fabric.
THE CHAPEL. — Several years elapsed after the foundation of the college before a chapel was erected. It occupied the site of the refectory of the friars which ran north and south.
In 1776 a new chapel was erected on the same spot, from the designs of James Essex, F.S.A.(J)
The altar piece, by Francisco Pittoni, representing the repose after the flight into Egypt, was purchased for the college in Venice, by Joseph Smith, esq., the english consul there.
At the northern end of the chapel is a gallery
(a) About the beginning of the reign of George III. was substituted another gateway which now forms a back entrance in Jesus lane to the master's garden.
(6) A statement that Dr. Elliston, who was master of the college at the period, was the architect of the chapel is incorrect.
by his sister Martha IL
Robert .Iward i
of r
William died cal.
:i. Jllll. 1 . t . T]l
THE HALL, twenty -seven feet in breadth, /and
about sixty in length, is an ele -om, having
end a mu>' pported by coluv I pilasten.
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
SIDNEY COLLEGE GARDEN.
for the master's family, who have access to it through the library.
In the ante-chapel are four marble tablets, com- memorating—
Francis Sawyer Parris, D.D., master, cal. Mail 1760, set. 56 (erected by his sister Eleanor Parratt).
William Elliston, D.D., master, 11 Feb., 1807, aet. 76 (erected by his sister Martha Martyn).
Robert Field, student, second son of Edward Field, esq. of Ipswich, and Mary his wife, 1 March, 1836.
William Chafy, D.D. master, born 7 id. Feb. 1789, died cal. Jun. 1843, and Mary his wife, 3 non. Jun. 1831.
The chapel, which is a neat plain structure, is (including the ante-chapel) fifty-seven feet in length, by twenty-four in breadth.
THE HALL, twenty-seven feet in breadth, and about sixty in length, is an elegant room, having at the southern end a music gallery, supported by doric columns and pilasters.
VOL. III.
D
34 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
The sides are wainscotted in a modern style, and the ceiling is also modern, (a] but traces of the original fabric are discernible in the window at the northern end, and a spacious bow window in the north eastern angle.
At the northern end is a good portrait of the foundress, and at the southern are her arms boldly carved and properly coloured.
THE COMBINATION ROOM, a cheerful apartment, northward of the hall, has a pleasant prospect of the fellows' garden, and contains an engraved portrait of Dr. George Butler, dean of Peterborough.
A portrait of the foundress is placed in the small room adjoining, which also contains engraved portraits of James Tate, Thomas Twining, and Samuel Vince.
THE COLLEGE LIBRARY between the chapel and the master's lodge was erected at the same period as the chapel.
Here is preserved in a small ancient cabinet of carved oak the scull of a youthful person. It is encrusted with carbonate of lime, which is very hard and compact, and is spread over the bone in such a manner as to resemble a petrifraction of the soft parts. The donor was capt. William Stevens of Rotherhithe, one of the elder brethren of the Trinity house, who brought it in 1627 from Crete, where it was discovered about ten yards (circiter passus decem) below the surface of the ground, in digging a well near the town of Candia.
It was exhibited to Charles I. by the celebrated
(a) According to Carter the hall was repaired and beautified in or about 1751.
• u'hom it was sent by Dr, •»? this college, with the sub- joi
y w°h I understand his
petrifyed Scull, v^ wee have
'inglyl have done, wtb thec
Mn this Lettr both thee"
ecorded of the I>.jaout
Ov wh aye?«
long li; my
Ward's let Hows : — Mr. Doctor Ward I have showed to his "
w^ I receyved from you, & h
wondered att it , sent to sec , soe rare a thinge.
I doe no w wtu N'our Goltedp the; same
w111 the key o; -eraoriail yov =< tosed
heare In thinking it a kin, riiedg not to have retorned
it to that place w!.. ay for the instruction of men heare
after bo i.W
He likewise the face of Oliver Cromwell,
executed by Bernini, from an in; m taken im-
(a) A fa, iarvey's reply w?« printed by George Edward
D2
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 35
Dr. William Harvey, to whom it was sent by Dr. Samuel Ward, master of this college, with the sub- joined letter: —
Sir,
I receyved jr lettr by wch I understand his Ma1*8 pleasure that I should send up the petrifyed Scull, wch wee have in or Colledg library, wch accordingly I have done, wth thee case wherein we keep it. And I send in this Lett1 both thee key of the case and a note wch we have recorded of the Donour & whence he had it. And so with my affectionate prayers & best devotions for the long life of his sacred Ma*7 and iny service to yr self I rest
At y1" command
SAMUEL WARD. Sidney Coll. Junii x,
Die Solstitial!. To his much honoured frend Dtor Harvey one of his Majestys Physitians att his howse in the Blackfryars be this drd.
Dr. Harvey's reply, in his own wretched calli- graphy, is on the back of Dr. Ward's letter, and is as follows : —
Mr. Doctor Ward I have showed to his M*y this scull incrustated wth stone, wch I receyved from you, & his Mty wondered att it & look'd content to see see rare a thinge. I doe now wth thanks retome to you & your Colledg the same wth the key of the case & the memoriall you sent me inclosed heare in thinking it a kinde of sacriledg not to have retorned it to that place where it may for the instruction of men heare after be conserved.^)
Here is likewise the face of Oliver Cromwell, executed by Bernini, from an impression taken im-
(a) A facsimile of Dr. Harvey's reply was printed by George Edward Paget, esq., M.D. of Caius college, in 1849.
D2
36 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
mediately after the protector's death. It was pre- sented to the college by the rev. Thomas Martyn, professor of botany.
The library contains a good collection of printed books and a few MSS.
THE TAYLOR LIBRARY, deposited in a convenient and well arranged apartment on the ground floor near the combination room, contains a large, valuable and constantly increasing collection of scientific works.
THE MASTER'S LODGE is situated between the hall and the chapel. In it is preserved Samuel Cooper's far famed drawing in crayons of Oliver Cromwell, given to the society in 1765 by Thomas Brand Hollis, esq.(0) There are also portraits of the found-
(a) The presentation is said to have been made in the following curious and characteristic manner. Dr. Elliston, the master, received a letter stating that on a prescribed day two gentlemen would bring a painting of Cromwell, but that he must not see them or say anything, but only stand at the top of the staircase and say " I have it."
Oliver Cromwell was admitted a fellow-commoner of this college under the tuition of Mr. Richard Hewlett, 23 April, 1616. He took no degree, and soon after July, 1617, became a member of one of the inns of court, although no record of his admission at any of them can now be found.
There are some curious stories of his misbehaviour whilst a student at Cambridge, but they seem entitled to little credit.
Between the entry of his admission at this college and the succeeding entry, some zealous individual of later date has crowded in these lines :
Hie fuit grandis ille impostor, carnifex perditissimus, qui pientissimo rege Carolo primo nefaria ccede sublato, ipsum usurpavit thronum, et tria regna per quinque ferme annorum spatium, sub protectoris nomine, indomita tyrannide vexavit.
"Whilst Oliver Cromwell was entering himself of Sidney Sussex College, William Shakspeare was taking his farewell of this world. Oliver's Father had most likely come with him; it is but some fifteen miles from Huntingdon ; you can go and come in a day. Oliver's Father saw Oliver write in the Album at Cambridge ; at Stratford Shakspeare's Ann Hathaway was weeping over his bed. The first world-great thing
SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 37
ress ; Edward, first lord Montagu of Boughton ; Dr. Chafy, master; Dr. Ward, master; bishop Garnett; bishop Montagu; William Wollaston; Dr. John Hey ; Dr. James Johnson, master ; arch- bishop Bramhall; Dr. Bardsey Fisher, master, and his wife ; and an engraving of Peter Blundell, the munificent founder of Tiverton school.
THE GARDENS of the master and of the fellows are of considerable extent, contain some noble trees, and are laid out with much taste.
FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLARSHIPS. — Under the recent statutes there are six fellowships on the foundation of the countess of Sussex, one on the foundation of Mr. Leonard Smith, and two on the foundation of Mr. Peter Blundell.
Mr. Taylor's mathematical lecturer has the position but not the rights of a fellow, and does not vacate his office by marriage.
There are twelve foundation scholarships value £40 per annum each, one on the foundation of Mr. Leonard Smith, and many exhibitions.
that remains of English History, the Literature of Shakspeare, was ending ; the second world-great thing that remains of English History, the armed appeal of Puritanism to the Invisible God of Heaven against very many visible Devils, on Earth and Elsewhere, was so to speak, beginning. They have their exits and their entrances. And one People in its time plays many parts." — Oliver Cromwell's Letters and .Speeches with Elucidations, by Thomas Carlyle, 3rd edit. I. 59.
Cromwell represented the town of Huntingdon in 1628. He was made a freeman of the town of Cambridge at the request of the mayor, 7 Jan. 1639-40, and represented that town in both the parliaments of 1640. He was elected high-steward of the town 8 May, 1652, and held the office till his death.
There is a tradition that when first elected member for this town he resided in a house belonging to Magdalen college, situate in White Bull yard, on the western side of Bridge street, in the parish of S. Clement.
6*> O *> '3
38 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.
In 1621 the college consisted of a master, twelve fellows, and twenty-nine scholars, these together with the students, &c., making a total of one hundred and forty.
In August, 1641, one hundred members of this college contributed £4. 16s. to a poll-tax.
In 1672 the whole number of students with officers and servants of the foundation was one hundred and twenty -two.
Edmund Carter says that in 1753 the college consisted of the master, eight fellows, ten scholars, and two exhibitioners, the total of all sorts being then usually about forty.
PATEONAGE. — The rectory of Wike S. Mary in Cornwall ; the vicarage of lilting in Essex ; the rectory of Swanscombe in Kent ; the rectory of Gayton in Northamptonshire; the rectory of Rempstone in Nottinghamshire ; the vicarage of Peasemarsh in Sussex ; and the rectory of Kilvington in Yorkshire.
wife
'
In ,-en,
-
itling lirop-
:y thirteen. Soon
re, the first . and a com- -
of Calibu:
noted divine,, but this ha« been be a mistake. See Peirce's JJitt. of Harvard .s the son of E' ; owning.
:iifd earl of Salisbury.
THK MASTEU S LODGE.
DOWNING COLLEGE.
THIS college, which still remains incomplete, stands on land formerly known as S. Thomas's or Pembroke leys.
THE FOUNDEK. — George Downing, only son of sir George Downing, the second baronet(a) by his wife Catharine, eldest daughter of James Cecil, third earl of Salisbury, K.G., was born in or about 1686, and educated at Clare hall.
In February, 1700-1, being then about fifteen, he married his maternal cousin Mary, eldest daughter of sir William Forester, of Watling street in Shrop- shire, K.B.,(6) she being then only thirteen. Soon
(a) Sir George Downing, of East Hatley in Cambridgeshire, the first baronet was ambassador to Holland, secretary to the treasury, and a com- missioner of customs, being a person of considerable political importance in his day. It has been repeatedly stated that he was son of Calibute Downing, D.D., rector of Hackney, a noted divine, but this has been satisfactorily proved to be a mistake. See Peirce's Hist, of Harvard University, Append. 58. He was the son of Emmanuel Downing.
(6) By Mary, daughter of James Cecil, third earl of Salisbury.
40 DOWNING COLLEGE.
afterwards he went on his travels, but before his departure strictly enjoined his young bride not to accept the post of a maid of honour, an offer which he thought it probable might be made to her on account of her uncommon beauty, for queen Anne, in imitation of her uncle Charles II., was anxious to fill her court with beautiful ladies of good family. The temptation proved, however, too strong for resistance. In a letter from lady Temple to Mrs. Martha Blount, written in November, 1704, she remarks, "I suppose that you hear that pretty Mrs. Forester is the new maid of honor." Mr. Downing returned to England in the following year, and was so extremely indignant at what had occurred that he peremptorily refused to live with his wife.
In 1710 he was returned to parliament for Dun- wich in Suffolk, and in June, 1711, succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of his father. He was again elected M.P. for Dunwich in 1713.
In April, 1715, his unhappy wife, after having for ten years fruitlessly endeavoured to conquer his aversion to her, petitioned the house of lords in her maiden name for leave to bring in a bill to avoid the marriage, which had never been con- summated. His answer was as follows:
I have considered the Petition of Mrs. Mary Forester, presented to the Right Honourable the Lords Spiritual and Temporal in Parliament assembled; and do affirm, that all the Allegations thereof are true, and that I have never reputed her as my wife, and therefore join with her in the said Petition, humbly submitting myself to your Lordships' great Wisdom and Justice.
G. DOWNING.
DOWNING COLLEGE. 41
The lords, however, refused leave to bring in the bill, by fifty against forty-eight, all the bishops present voting in the majority.
He was again returned to parliament for Dunwich; to the parliament of 1722,(a) and he represented that town in 1727, and thenceforward till his death.
On the 30th of June, 1730, he was installed a knight of the bath.
Lady Downing died at Hampton in Middlesex 26th July, 1734, being buried there 2nd August following.
His estate was considered the largest in Cam- bridgeshire, and he erected a splendid mansion at Gramlingay,{6) where he died 10 June, 1749.
He had a natural daughter, to whom he be- queathed about £20,000, leaving also £200 a-year to her mother for her life.
By his will, dated 17 December, 1717, he gave and devised his manors, lands, tenements, and here- ditaments in Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, and Suffolk, to James earl of Salisbury, Charles earl of Carlisle, Nicholas Lechmere, John Pedley, and Robert Pullyn, esquires, and their heirs, in trust for his cousin Jacob Garrard Downing, esq.(c) (who succeeded to the baronetcy), and the heirs of his body, with remainder in trust for other relatives in
(a) Sir Robert Rich and Charles Long, esq., presented a petition 18th October, 1722, against the return of Edward Vernon, esq., and sir George Downing, for Dunwich; certain freemen also petitioned against their re- turn. These petitions were withdrawn 1 Oth and 14th of November following.
(6) This mansion was pulled down in October, 1776.
(c) Son of Charles Downing, esq., comptroller of the customs in the port of London (third son of sir George Downing, the first baronet) by his wife Sarah, youngest daughter and coheiress of Jacob Garrard, esq., son and heir of sir Thomas Garrard, of Langford in Norfolk, bart.
4:4 DOWNING COLLEGE.
succession and their issue. In case of the failure of such issue, he devised the same as follows : —
To THE USE AND BEHOOF of the said James earl of Salisbury, Charles earl of Carlisle, Nicholas Lechmere, John Pedley, and Eobert Pullyn, and their heirs, IN TRUST never- theless, that they do and shall, as soon as may be, by and with and out of the rents, issues, and profits of the premises, buy and purchase the inheritance and fee simple of some piece of ground, lying and being in the town of Cambridge, proper and con- venient for the erecting and building a college, and thereon shall erect and build all such houses, edifices, and buildings as shall be fit and requisite for that purpose which college shall be called by the name of Downing's college : and my will is, that a charter royal be sued for and obtained for the founding such college, and incorporating a body collegiate by that name, in and within the university of Cambridge ; which college or col- legiate body shall consist of such head or governor, and of such fellows, scholars, members, and other persons for the time being, and shall be maintained, governed and ordered by such laws rules and orders, and in such manner, and therein shall be pro- fessed and taught such usefull learning, as my said trustees, or their heirs (by and with the consent and approbation of the most reverend the archbishops of Canterbury and York, and the masters of Saint John's college and Clare hall in the said university of Cambridge, in being at the time of the founding of the said college) shall direct, prescribe and appoint: and immediately from and after the founding and incorporating such college or body collegiate as aforesaid, the said James earl of Salisbury, Charles earl of Carlisle, Nicholas Lechmere, John Pedley, and Robert Pullyn, and their heirs, shall stand and be seized of all and singular the said manors, lands, tenements and hereditaments in trust for the said collegiate body and their successors for ever and as for touching or concerning such of the said manors, lands, tenements, and hereditaments and premises whereof or wherein I have or am possessed of any estate for any term or terms of years, I do hereby declare and appoint that they the said James earl of Salisbury, Charles earl of Carlisle, Nicholas Lechmere, John Pedley and Robert Pullyn,
DOWNING COLLEGE. 43
and their executors and administrators shall stand possessed thereof in trust that they the said James earl of Salisbury, Charles earl of Carlisle, Nicholas Lechrnere, John Pedley and Robert Pullyn, and their executors and administrators shall, from time to time, assign and convey the same unto such person or persons as shall be intitled to the actual possession of my said lauds of inheritance by virtue of the limitations thereof herein- before mentioned.
This will was proved with a codicil thereto in the prerogative court of Canterbury, 13 June, 1749.
THE FOUNDATION. — Sir Jacob Garrard Downing died without issue, 6 February, 1764. The parties entitled in remainder to sir George Downing's estates had previously died without issue, and all the trustees died in his lifetime. In the same year an information was filed in the court of chancery by the attorney general at the relation of the chancellor, masters, and scholars of the university, against dame Margaret Downing, widow, (afterwards wife of George Bowyer, esq., ultimately sir George Bowyer, bart.) the heirs at law of sir George Downing and others.
The cause was heard by the lord chancellor, assisted by the master of the rolls and the chief- justice of the common pleas on 15 July, 1768, when it was decided that the will was good, and such as the court would carry into execution. On 3 July, 1769, a decree was made declaring the will and codicil well proved, and that the same ought to be established, and the trusts thereof performed and carried into execution, particularly the trusts for the foundation of the college in case the king should
44 DOWNING COLLEGE.
grant his charter of incorporation, and a licence to take the devised premises in mortmain, and the heirs at law were to be at liberty to apply to his majesty for that purpose. It was also declared that certain freeholds purchased by the testator after the date of his will did not pass by the codicil, and that certain leaseholds and copyholds did not pass by the will.
A grace to admit Downing college to the same privileges as the other endowed colleges passed the senate in May, 1786.
In consequence of the deaths of parties to the suit in chancery informations of revivor and supple- ment became necessary. On the 16th February, 1795, the former decree of 1769 was ordered to be prose- cuted against the then parties to the suit.
In or before 1796 the heirs at law petitioned the crown for a charter of incorporation. The petition was referred to the attorney and solicitor general.
On the 19th of December, 1796, the heirs at law entered into an agreement with the mayor, bailiffs, and burgesses of the town of Cambridge, provisionally on the charter being granted within one year, to purchase for the site of the college, Parker's piece, or to take a lease thereof for nine hundred and ninety-nine years, the purchase-money or rent to be fixed by two land surveyors or their umpire, and on the same day an agreement to the like effect was made between the same parties with respect to a piece of ground at Castle end, known as Pound hill, and containing one acre, and twenty-three poles.
On the 15th March, 1798, the heirs at law entered into an agreement with the mayor, bailiffs, and
F-'LAXMAN'S DESIGN
DOWNING COLLEGE SEAL
'I.LEGE.
the charter being gr; purchase of £140 for Doll's y, containing one acre, laas Thackeray, for ?
it the annual rent
t was also made about the
,>urchase of Mr. Thackeray's
O*-- :nber, 1798, the heirs at law
;ion for a charter of incorporation.
•ollor made a final
; ould be appointed,
old pay
ars, all former arrears l^ein^ reliu-
*n' and assignim
's close was con-
ve; s at law in trust for the intended
college.
On the 22nd of September following, the chartor passed the great seal. After reciting the will of sir George Downing, ami the proceedings in chancery connected therewith, the king willed, ordained, con- stitute* >lished, d, and appointed —
1. THAT in and upon Doll's close there should and might be cm. established one perpetual college for students
in law, physic, and other useful arts and learning, which college should be called by the name of Downing college, in. the university of Cambridge, and should consist of one master, <rs; (that is to say) a professor of the law> professor of medicine, and sixteen fellows (two
era "Jl
\
DOWNING COLLEGE. 45
burgesses conditionally, on the charter being granted within three years, for the purchase of £140 for Doll's close, near Maids' causeway, containing one acre, subject to a lease to Thomas Thackeray, for nine hundred and ninety-nine years, at the annual rent of £3. 195. An agreement was also made about the same time, for the purchase of Mr. Thackeray's lease.
On the 3rd of September, 1798, the heirs at law renewed their petition for a charter of incorporation.
In March, 1800, the lord chancellor made a final decree, ordering that a receiver should be appointed, and that the defendants in possession should pay rents for six years, all former arrears being relin- quished by the university.
The privy council, on the 6th of June following, recommended his majesty to grant a charter.
By indentures of lease, release, and assignment, dated 14 and 15 July, 1800, Doll's close was con- veyed to the heirs at law in trust for the intended college.
On the 22nd of September following, the charter passed the great seal. After reciting the will of sir George Downing, and the proceedings in chancery connected therewith, the king willed, ordained, con- stituted, established, declared, and appointed —
1. THAT in and upon Doll's close there should and might be erected and established one perpetual college for students in law, physic, and other useful arts and learning, which college should be called by the name of Downing college, in the university of Cambridge, and should consist of one master, two professors ; (that is to say) a professor of the laws of England, and a professor of medicine, and sixteen fellows (two
46 DOWNING COLLEGE.
of whom should be in holy orders, and the rest laymen) and of such a number of scholars as should thereafter be agreed on and settled by the statutes of the college.
2. THAT the master, professors, fellows, and scholars, and their successors for ever, should be one distinct and separate body politic and corporate in deed and name, by the name and style of the master, professors, fellows, and scholars of Downing college, in the university of Cambridge, and by the same name should have perpetual succession and a common seal, and that by the same name they and their successors, from time to time, and at all times thereafter, should be a body politic and corporate in deed and in law, and be able and capable to have, take, receive, hold, possess, enjoy, and retain, to and for the use of the college, all and every the freehold, copyhold and leasehold manors, advowsons, messuages, lands, rents, tenements, hereditaments, and possessions given and devised by the will of sir George Downing, together with Doll's close ; and also to take, purchase, acquire, have, hold, enjoy, receive, possess, and retain, notwithstanding any statute or statutes of mortmain to the contrary, any other manors, rectories, ad- vowsons, messuages, lands, tenements, rents, and hereditaments of what kind, nature, or quality soever, for the use of the college, so that the same did not exceed the yearly value of £1,500 above all charges and reprizes.
3. THAT the college should be deemed and taken to be part and parcel of the university of Cambridge, and should be united and annexed to and incorporated therewith, and enjoy all the privileges thereof.
4. THAT the master, professors, fellows, and scholars and their successors, should and might individually have, hold, take, and enjoy within the university of Cambridge and the liberties and precincts thereof, all and singular such and the same privileges, franchises, and liberties, and in as full and ample manner and form, and should be subject to all such discipline, order, and government as any master, professor, or any warden, provost, principal, or doctor of any college in the said university, and their fellows and scholars, officers and ministers, or any of them within the said university, by reason
DOWNING COLLEGE. 47
of any charter, gift, or grant, or charters, gifts, or grants by his majesty, or any of his progenitors theretofore made or granted to the same university, or by reason of any prescrip- tion, custom, or other lawful title, or ordinance whatsoever, had, taken, held, or enjoyed, or been subject to, or ought to have had, taken, held or enjoyed, or been subject to.
5. THAT statutes might be made and framed by the heirs at law of sir George Downing, with the consent and approba- tion of the archbishops of Canterbury and York, and the masters of S. John's college and Clare hall, or the major part of them.
6. THAT such statutes might be altered by the archbishops of Canterbury and York, and the masters of S. John's college and Clare hall, and Downing college, or the major part of them, at the request of the master, professors, and five senior fellows.
7. THAT Francis AnnesleyW doctor of laws in the said university, should be the first and modern master of the college, and Edward Christian ^ esquire, master of arts in the said university, and barrister at law, the first professor of the laws of England, and Busick Harwood, doctor in physic the first professor of medicine in the college.
8. THAT John Lens W serjeant at law, and William Meek^ barrister at law, masters of arts in the said university, and William Frere, bachelor of arts, in the said university, and such thirteen other persons, to be qualified in manner therein- after prescribed respecting the elections of the future fellows of the college, as his majesty should, after the necessary build- ings for the college should have been erected, by writing under his sign manual nominate and appoint should be the first and modern fellows of the college.
(a) Francis Annesley who was one of the heirs at law of sir George Downing, was M.P. for Reading from 1774 to 1806. He was created LL.D., by royal mandate as a member of S. John's college, 1800, and died 16 April, 1812.
(6) These gentlemen were with others appointed in July, 1788, syndics for management of the proceedings in the court of chancery, relative to the foundation of this college.
48 DOWNING COLLEGE.
9. THAT out of the revenues of the college, there should be in the first place set apart so much as should be necessary to be applied in erecting proper buildings for the college, together with any other funds applicable for that purpose, under the direction of the court of chancery.
10. His majesty reserved to himself, his heirs and successors, all visitatorial power and authority over the college.
The charter also contains provisions respecting the election, qualification, oaths, and duties of the master, professors, and fellows, the duration of the appointments, and the admission of pupils, and con- cludes with a promise to grant any other reasonable powers and authorities which might be necessary for the better government of the society.
On the 2nd of July, 1801, the royal assent was given to an act for changing the site of the college to S. Thomas's, otherwise Pembroke leys, in the parishes of S. Botolph, S. Andrew the great, S. Benedict, and S. Andrew the less, and for providing funds for the purchase thereof, and for erecting proper buildings thereon. By another act passed at the same time, provision was made for extinguishing all rights of common and other rights in and over these lands.
An application was made to the court of chancery to set aside the charter, but after a hearing of three days its validity was established on the 29th of June, 1802.
Statutes were made on the 23rd of July, 1805, by the heirs at law of the founder with the consent and approbation of the major part of the other parties named in the charter.
.
;. • ;'., I b •
li as should buildings for applicable for tb
.
• heirs and successors,
id autlu the college.
.Iso contains provisions respecting qualification, oaths, and duties of the
•>, the d ; admission of }
:o grant ^able
powers ; -horities whic! .: be necessary
for the better government of the society.
On the 2nd of July, 1801, the royal assent was given to an act for changing the site of the college to S. Thomas's, otherwise Pembroke leys, in the parishes of S. Botolph, S. diet,
and $. Andrew the less, for t i-hase thereof,
m. B^ ssed at the
•
over
nancery
of three
ii of
July, 1805, by
and
3 other parties
I I
a s
•J Z
S £
~
DOWNING COLLEGE. 49
On the 18th of May, 1807, the members of the university assembled at Great S. Mary's, where a sermon was preached by Dr. Outram, the public orator. They then went to the Senate-house and proceeded thence to the site of the college, where Dr. Annesley the master laid the first stone, whereon was the following inscription : —
COLLEGIVM . DOWNINGENSE
IN . ACADEMIA . CANTABRIGI^E
GEORGIA'S . DOWNING . DE . GAMLINGAY
IN . EODEM . COMITATV . BARONETTVS
TESTAMENTO . DESIGNAVIT OPIBVSQVE . MVNIFICE . INSTRVXIT
ANNO . SALVTIS . M.DCC.XVII.
REGIA . TANDEM . CHARTA . STABILIVIT
GEORGIVS . TERTIVS . OPTIMVS . PRINCEPS
ANNO M.DCCC.
H.EC . VERO . J2DIFICII . PRIMORDIA MAGISTER . PROFESSORES . ET . SOCII
POSVERVNT
QVOD . AD . RELIGIONIS . CVLTVM
JVRIS . ANGLICANI . ET . MEDICINE . SCIENTIAM
ET . AD . RECTAM . JVVENTVTIS . INGENV^
DISCIPLINAM . PROMOVENDAM
FELICITER . EVENIAT,
At the conclusion of the ceremony the university returned in procession to the Senate-house. An entertainment was given in the evening by the members of the college at the Red Lion inn to the vice-chancellor, the earl of Hardwicke high steward of the university, the heads of houses, professors, doctors, and university officers.
In May, 1821, undergraduates were admitted.
VOL. III. E
50 DOWNING COLLEGE.
A new code of statutes for the government and regulation of the college was framed by the university commissioners 24 October, 1860, and in due course received the approbation of her majesty in council.
BENEFACTOKS. — John Bowtell of Cambridge, book- binder, who died 1 December, 1813, bequeathed a collection of manuscripts, printed books, antiquities, and fossils; William Gurdon, esq., M.A., fellow, a few years since gave a collection of law books; George Peacock, D.D., dean of Ely, gave £50, for books to be chosen by the society.
EMINENT MEN. — Charles Skinner Matthews, fellow, classical scholar, died 1811. Sir Busick Harwood, M.D., professor of medicine, died 1814. Edward Christian, professor of law, chief-justice of the isle of Ely, author of legal works, died 1823. John Lens, fellow, serjeant-at-law, a distinguished advocate, died 1825. Frederick North, earl of Guildford, chancellor of the Ionian university, died 1827. William Frere, LL.D., master, serjeant- at-law, editor of Douglas's Reports and the fifth volume of the Paston Letters, died 1836. Cornwallis Hewett, M.D., professor of medicine, died 1841. Thomas Starkie, professor of law, author of numerous able legal works, died 1849. Robert Devereux, vis- count Hereford, died 1855. Andrew Amos, professor of law, author of professional and historical works, and late member of the supreme legislative council in India, died 1860.
THE BUILDINGS. — When completed the college will form one extensive quadrangle, having the principal front towards the south. At present only the western
51
the quadrangle
^e buildings
principal front. The
Th e design, by Willian i
praised
ined. The buildings £60; 000; -charged -on the
'
' side of
pttr-
on tl ^ide of the • Bow-
books ai ral MSS. rel ating i
and town articularly hi^ QWJ
of Mr. • -n Wicls
IT. alderman Newtob, tlte tou'tage . and P •ov-ni t iccounts.
THE MASTER'S LODGE, a spacious and convenient 'ure, forms the south-eastern angle of the quadrangle, having porticos corresponding in cha- lk those of the hall.
DOWNING COLLEGE. 51
side and part of the eastern side of the quadrangle are erected. The southern ends of these buildings will form the wings of the principal front. The grecian style is employed. The design, by William Wilkins, M.A., R.A., has been extravagantly praised and as extravagantly condemned. The buildings already erected have cost £60,000, charged on the college estates, and not entirely paid off till 1843.
THE CHAPEL is to be on the southern side of the quadrangle. In the interim a room has, ever since the opening of the college, been set aside for the performance of divine service.
THE HALL, which is lofty and well-proportioned, forms the south-western angle of the court, having on the west a hexastyle Ionic portico, and on the south a tetrastyle portico of the same order.
THE COMBINATION-ROOM, immediately adjoining the hall, is a pleasant and convenient apartment,
THE LIBRARY is to join the chapel on the southern side of the court. At present the books given by Mr. Bowtell, and Mr. Gurdon, with others pur- chased by the society, are deposited in an apartment on the western side of the court. Amongst Mr. Bow- tell' s books are several MSS. relating to the university and town of Cambridge, particularly his own history of the town, the collections of Mr. alderman Wicksted, the diary of Mr. alderman Newton, the Pontage book, and a series of the town treasurers' accounts.
THE MASTER'S LODGE, a spacious and convenient structure, forms the south-eastern angle of the quadrangle, having porticos corresponding in cha- racter and position with those of the hall.
E2
52 DOWNING COLLEGE.
THE WALKS AND GROUNDS are extensive, and laid out with much taste. On the 6th of July, 1847, her majesty queen Victoria, accompanied by H.R.H. the prince chancellor, attended a grand horticul- tural fete held in the grounds of this college.
MASTERSHIP, PROFESSORSHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS, AND SCHOLARSHIPS. — The present and late master were appointed by the archbishops of Canterbury and York and the masters of S. John's and Clare colleges. In future the master is to be elected by the professors and fellows.
The Downing professors of the laws of England, and of medicine, are appointed by the archbishops of Canterbury and York and the masters of S. John's, Clare, and Downing colleges. The law professor must be, at the time of his election, a graduate in law or arts of one of the English universities, of ten years' standing from his matriculation, and also a barrister-at-law. The medical professor must be, at the time of his election, a graduate in medicine of one of the universities of the United Kingdom, and not less than twenty-five years of age.
Under the new code of statutes there will be at least eight fellowships and ten scholarships, besides minor scholarships.
PATRONAGE. — The vicarage of Tadlow and the rectory of East Hatley in Cambridgeshire. (a)
:
Tl
:-. •
•• Senate-House, the ordinary univer- •
known as .iogue room,
e »pletnn academical church < i friars and
s church,
ite was previously occupied by townsmect't ho.. ,; ww«
,«d by the university under an act cf parliament, which received t&« a»o«ent llth June, 1720.
•i public commencement strictly speaking. Sine* that pcnsing with the solemnities of a public commencement ',
THE SENATE-HOUSE.
THE SENATE-HOUSE.
THIS building, which occupies a commanding position and excites general admiration, is used for the more important assemblies of the academic body(a) as also for examinations.
The first stone was laid by Thomas Crosse, D.D., vice-chancellor, 22nd June, 1722,(6) and it was opened at the grand public commencement^ held
(a) Previously to the erection of the Senate-House, the ordinary univer- sity assemblies were held in the congregation or regenl/house, which now forms that part of the university library known as the Catalogue room, and was formerly called the New chapel. The more solemn academical assemblies took place anciently in the church of the Franciscan friars and afterwards in Great S. Mary's church,
(&) The site was previously occupied by townsmen's houses, which were purchased by the university under an act of parliament, which received the royal assent llth June, 1720.
(c) This was the last public commencement strictly speaking. Since that period a grace dispensing with the solemnities of a public commencement has been passed annually.
54 THE SENATE-HOUSE.
in July, 1730, when Pope's ode on Saint Cecilia's day, set to music by Maurice Greene, MUS.D., was performed.
The western end was not completed till 1768.
The total cost of the building was nearly £20,000, of which more than half was raised by subscription. A list of the benefactors is subjoined :
£. t. d.
King George the first . . . 2000 0 0
King George the second . . . 3000^ 0 0
Arthur Aniiesley, earl of Anglesey, high- steward of the university . . . 1000 0 0
Charles Seymour, duke of Somerset, chancellor of the university ; James Brydges, duke of Chan- dos ; Henry Boyle, lord Carleton, £500 each . 1500 0 0 Sir William Dawes, bart. archbishop of York 400 0 0 Thomas Holies Pelham, duke of Newcastle ; Henry Brydges, marquess of Carnarvon (after- wards duke of Chandos) ; Charles Townshend, viscount Townshend ; sir Robert Walpole, K.GL, (afterwards earl of Orford) £300 each . . 1200 0 0
Edward Clarke, esq., esquire bedel . . 120 0 0
Hon. Thomas Willoughby, M.P. for the uni- versity; rev. sir George Wheler, knt. canon of Durham; sir Robert Raymond, attorney general (afterwards chief-justice of the king's bench) ; William Stanley, D.D., dean of S. Asaph, some- time master of Corpus Christi college ; Thomas Hill, D.D. ; John Rolle, esq. ; Charles Clarke, M.A., archdeacon of Norwich ; rev. Rowland Hill, M.A., rector of Hodnet, Shropshire, £100 each . 800 0 0
Hon. Robert Price, baron of the exchequer ; sir Isaac Newton; Francis Hare, D.D., dean of Worcester (afterwards bishop of Chichester) ; John Millington, D.D. ; John Gaskarth, D.D., rector of Allhallows, Barking; Henry Raynes,
(a) Viz. £1000 when prince of Wales, and £2000 after his accession to the crown.
THE SENATE-HOUSE. 55
£. s. d.
LL.D. ; Jonas Warley, archdeacon of Colchester ; Jacob Houblon, esq. ; sir John Cheshyre, serjeant-at-law, £50 each . . . 450 0 0
Eev. William Ayloffe, LL.D., fellow of Trinity college, £40 ; Francis Dickens, LL.D., Regius pro- fessor of civil law, £27. 6s. ; sir John Ayloffe, bart. £25 ; dean and chapter of Durham, £21 ; Michael Rutchinson, D.D. £21 ; Edward Northey, esq. £21 ; dean and chapter of Ely, £20 ; John Montagu, D.D., dean of Durham, sometime master of Trinity college, £20 ; Walter Mills, M.D. £20 ; Charles Longueville, esq. £20 ; John Lightwine, fellow of Caius college, £20 ; James Bankes, rector of Bury, Lancashire, £20 ; William Ashton, rector of Prestwich, Lancashire, £20 . . 295 6 0
John Corbet, LL.D. ; Vincent Bourne, M.A., fellow of Trinity college ; Henry Barnard, M.B. ; rev. Thomas Fitzgerald, M.A., £10. 10s. each . 42 0 0
John Thane, D.D., £5. 15s. ; Thomas Eden, LL.D., canon of Durham, £5. 5s. ; Thomas Man- gey, D.D., canon of Durham, £5. 5s. ; rev. Thomas Sharpe, £5. 5s. ; rev. Thomas Clarke of Kirkleat- ham, £5. 5s. ; Mr. Daston, £5. 5s. . 32 0 0
£10,839 6 0
Sir James Burrough, knt., master of Caius
college, towards finishing the western end (1764) 150 0 0
£10,989 6 0
The ground plan is a parallelogram and the elevations present stylobates sustaining pilasters and an entablature of the corinthian order, sur- mounted by a balustrade. In the centre of the southern front is a triangular pediment supported by four attached columns, fluted and reeded. There is a similar pediment at the eastern end where the entrance is situate. At the western end is a pediment supported by pilasters.
56 THE SENATE-HOUSE.
The capitals of the columns and pilasters are copied from the temple of Jupiter Stator at Rome.
Two tiers of architraved windows, the lower with pediments alternately elliptical and triangular, and the upper with arches are continued round the whole structure: those at the western end are without lights.
The interior consists of one spacious apartment one hundred and one feet in length, forty-two feet in breadth, and thirty-two feet in height. It is surrounded on all sides by oaken galleries; the gallery at the east end being supported by fluted doric columns.
Pilasters of the doric order are placed on the northern and southern sides, and at the western end is the chancellor's seat under a pediment sus- tained by four fluted doric columns.
On either side of the chancellor's seat are seats for the doctors, noblemen, and heads of houses.
The floor is of black and white marble in alter- nate squares.
The roof is divided by highly enriched beams into quadrangular compartments each decorated with a bold pendant ornament.
The upper part of the walls is wrought with stucco into panels with appropriate embellishments.
This noble apartment is adorned with the follow- ing statues :
King George I., by Rysbrack, presented by Charles Townshend, viscount Townshend, in com- pliance with the intentions of his father.
King George II., by Wilton, presented in 1766
• .igular, and
>uhd the whole
without
•; id bein
l* doric prd< - the
sides, and at the western
< -ud .uider a pediment sus- tained b
Ol!
tor Ti
folloW-
:»'.'*' i, in com-
: :-•••: t,
r us « >-sented in 1766
THE SENATE-HOUSE. 57
by Thomas Holies Pelharn, duke of Newcastle, chancellor of the university.
Charles Seymour, duke of Somerset, chancellor of the university, by Rysbrack, presented in 1756 by the duke's daughters Charlotte marchioness of Granby, and Charlotte lady Guernsey.
The right hon. William Pitt, high steward of the university and for many years its representative in parliament, by Nollekens, erected by public sub- scription in June, 1812.(a)
The architect of this building was James Gibbs. It has indeed been said that the credit of the design
(a) Where Mr. Pitt's statue stands was formerly one by Barrata, which was given to the university in 1748 by Peter Burrell, esq. of S. John's college, as a figure of Academic Glory. It came from Canons in Middlesex, the seat of the duke of Chandos. As some said it represented queen Anne, the more zealous of the whig party attempted to get rid of it. Two graces for its removal from the senate-house were offered, but rejected, and ultimately a letter of thanks to Mr. Burrell was agreed to. When, after the lapse of sixty years, it was removed to make way for Mr. Pitt's statue, a lady wrote the following epigram :
Sons of Sapience you here a fair emblem display, For wherever Pitt went he drove Glory away.
It was thus indifferently answered :
Why thus exclaim and thus exert your wit At making Glory here give place to Pitt ? We'll raise his statue of the finest stone, For never here a brighter glory shone.
On the 21st March, 1806, a grace for appointing a syndicate to consider some mark of respect to Mr. Pitt's memory was offered to the senate, but rejected by one dissentient in the caput. On the 24th a meeting of the members of the senate was held at the master's lodge in Trinity college, when it was unanimously resolved to honour the memory of the great statesman by a statue to be placed in the senate-house. Upwards of £7,400 was soon afterwards subscribed, but only half the amount was called for. Four models were made, two by Bacon, one by Nollekens, and one by Garrard. That of Nollekens was preferred, and he received 3000 guineas for the statue, which is considered his best performance.
58 THE SENATE-HOUSE.
is due to James Burrough, M.A., fellow of Caius college, afterwards sir James Burrough and master of that society. It is however hardly credible that an architect of high reputation should execute the design of a young amateur. Gibbs's style is every where apparent, and moreover the design for the senate-house appears in his published works. (a)
(a) Book of Architecture, plate 36. The senate-house was only a part of Gibbs's plan. The whole building was to have been in the form of a half H, the senate-house forming the northern wing. The centre was to contain the library purchased by George I. of the executors of bishop Moore, and presented by his majesty to the university, and the southern wing, corres- ponding in character with the senate-house, was to have been used as a consistory and registrars office. It was no doubt owing to the intention of completing the whole design of Gibbs, that the western end of the senate- house remained so long unfinished. Gibbs's plan led to a litigation between Caius college and the university. See Cambridge Portfolio, 439-441.
I.XTKRIOll OF THE SOUTHF.UX SCHOOL.
THE SCHOOLS.
THE schools^ of the university form a small quadrangle. All the rooms on the ground floor were formerly used for academical disputations, as was also a portion of the upper storey. At the present time the university library occupies the whole of the upper storey and one of the rooms on the ground floor.
The northern side of the quadrangle contains,
(a) The great schools in the school street of Cambridge are mentioned in a lease from John de Crachal, chancellor of the university, and the assembly of the masters regent and non-regent, to Master William de Alderford, priest, M.A., dated 10th February, 20 Edw. III. [1346-7].
60 THE SCHOOLS.
on the ground floor, the divinity school, built at the expence of the university, aided by a benefac- tion of forty marks from the executors of sir Robert de Thorpe, lord chancellor of England and some- time master of Pembroke hall, who died 29th June, 1372.(a) The executors of his brother and heir sir William de Thorpe, (6) erected a chapel over it. By a deed dated 12 cal. Jul. 1398, Eudo la Zouche, LL.D., chancellor of the university, engaged that on the second of the nones of May in every year, the chancellor and every regent would meet in the chapel and there solemnly cause to be cele- brated exequies for the soul of sir William de Thorpe, with a mass on the morrow with deacon and subdeacon, and yearly on the 19th of November, cause to be celebrated exequies for the soul of his consort the lady Grace, with the like mass on the morrow. It was further granted that every one about to incept or read in divinity should swear that on every day on which he read in the schools, after the psalm Ad te levavi was finished, he would
(a) A memoir of sir Robert de Thorpe is given in Foss's Judges of England, III. 526. His executors were sir John Knyvet, knight, John de Harleston, clerk, Richard Treton, clerk, afterwards the second master of Corpus Christi college, and John Breton, a layman.
(b) It is uncertain whether he were the person of this name who was sometime chief justice of the king's bench and afterwards a baron of the exchequer, and who is noticed in Foss's Judges of England, ill. 527-531. His executors were Sir John de Roos, knight ; John Pechel, rector of S. Andrew in Histon ; and Henry Hammond. Some particulars of sir William de Thorpe's will are given in archbishop Parker's account of the erection of the schools at the end of Dr. Drake's edition of De Antiquitate Bri- iannica EcclesicK. Here it may be noted, that Dr. Caius's account of the erection of the schools is very inaccurate, as was also the account which archbishop Parker first published. Dr. Drake has availed himself of the archbishop's corrected statement on the subject.
THE SCHOOLS. 61
not depart until he had said the psalm De profundis for the souls of sir William and lady Grace, with certain other prayers ; and graduates in all facul- ties were to swear on their admission to say the psalm De profundis and other prayers for the souls of sir William and lady Grace before they departed from the chapel.
The chapel (or new chapel as it was generally termed) was used as the congregation or regent-house until the senate-house was erected when it was added to the university library. The arms of Thorpe are in the western window of the apartment. The divinity school has within the last few years been also added to the university library.
The southern side contains on the ground floor the philosophy school (now used by the professors of law and physic), above which was the common library afterwards termed the greater library. This room was during part of the reign of Elizabeth used by the divinity professors. It was afterwards the greek school and now forms the first room in the university library. This portion of the fabric, which was commenced about the close of the fourteenth century, seems not to have been finished till after
(a) Part of the site of the schools was acquired by the university in or be- fore the reign of Edw. I., from a benefaction of Nigellus de Thornton, M.D.
On the feast of S. Dunstan, archbishop and confessor, 19 Ric. II. [1395], Mary Suliard, prioress of the house of S. Leonard of Stratford at Bow, in the county of Middlesex, and the convent of the same place, granted to Thomas Kelsale, William Wymbel, Richard Baston, and John Sudbury, clerks, their heirs and assigns, one curtilage with the ap- purtenances lying in the town of Cambridge, in the lane called Schole-lane, between the tenement of the hospital of S. John, commonly called the hostel of the Holy cross on the south part, and the curtilage of Trinity college
62 THE SCHOOLS.
The western side contains on the ground floor the logic school, and above an apartment which was originally called the school of Terence, (ffl) and was afterwards used as the civil law, greek, and rhetoric schools. Early in the eighteenth century the upper portion of this side of the quadrangle was taken into the university library. This building was commenced about 1458, in which year Laurence Booth, bishop of Durham, (6) and chancellor of the university, caused a collection to be made, as well for finishing the southern side of the quadrangle as for commencing this side. The collection was made throughout the university from such who hired chairs of canon and civil law, from those who broke their words in taking their degrees, from every religious person being a proprietary of goods ten marks, from every religious man of the order of begging friars eight marks, from every rich parson a third part of his parsonage, and
[hall] on the north part, abutting on the Schole-lane towards the east, and upon another garden of the same college [hall] on the west part. It is supposed that the grantees were trustees for the university (William Wymbel was proctor 1396, chancellor 1426, master of Clare hall 1429), and that the curtilage was added to the site of the schools.
Other part of the site of the schools was purchased by the university of William Hulles, prior of S. John of Jerusalem [1417-1431].
Walter Smyth, afterwards master of Corpus Christi college, was in 1457 appointed one of the syndics for building the schools.
About 1459, Corpus Christi college demised to Robert "VVoodlark, chancellor, and the university, for 99 years, a piece of land containing 30 feet in length and 29 feet in breadth, at the annual rent of 2s., which was regularly paid till after the restoration of Charles II. This piece of ground which is said to have been the garden of S. Mary's hostel, forms part of the site of the schools.
(a) In 1520 a fire broke out in the school of Terence, but it seems to have occasioned little damage.
(6) Afterwards archbishop of York.
THE SCHOOLS. 63
from bishops and prelates what they pleased them- selves to give.
This portion of the fabric was completed about 1474. Dr. Gray, Dr. Haywood, and Dr. Stoell fellow of Peterhouse are mentioned as the syndics under whose care the business was brought to a termination.
The eastern side contained on the ground floor the little schools, erected at the expense of the university, above which was the minor library, built and furnished at the charge of Thomas Rotheram, chancellor of the university, and successively bishop of Rochester and Lincoln, and archbishop of York.(0)
On the 13th of May, 1475, the university in grateful acknowledgement of the munificence of Rotheram, then bishop of Lincoln, in building a new library and furnishing the same with books, decreed that he should be for ever enrolled amongst the bene- factors of the academic body, and that his name should be specially recited by the priest who visited each school to pray for the benefactors of the university. Also that yearly during his life on the day on which the masters resumed their lectures after the feast of Easter, a mass should be celebrated, with deacon and subdeacon, for the healthful security of the state and persons of the whole body of bishops, and that yearly after his death should be celebrated exequies, with a morrow mass (such as was ac- customed to be celebrated for deceased bishops), on a day to be assigned by him or another on his behalf.
(a) Dr. Stoell fellow of Peterhouse, and Alan Sempre esquire bedel, superintended the erection of this part of the building.
64
THE SCHOOLS.
OLD ENTRANCE GATEWAY TO THE SCHOOLS.
The eastern side of the quadrangle, which had a very elegant entrance gateway, (a) was removed in 1755 to make way for a structure containing, on the ground floor, an arcade and a small room used as a lecture room by the Norrisian and other pro- fessors, and above a commodious apartment forming a portion of the university library.
John Herrys, who was mayor of Cambridge in 1404, gave £10 to the fabric, and at his own charge paved the school street.
Humphrey Plantagenet, duke of Gloucester, K.G., who was murdered in 1446, and William Alnewyk, successively bishop of Norwich and Lincoln, who died 5th December, 1449, are said to have contributed to the building of the schools.
(a) A portion of this gateway now forms the entrance to the stable yard at Madingley hall. Francis Sandford states that in his time the badges used by Richard duke of Gloucester, before his accession to the throne, were over the gate, on the inside, in a compartment of stone.
THE SCHOOLS. 65
Sir John Fastolfe, E.G., who died 1459, bequeathed a large sum for the erection of the schools of phi- losophy and law.
Walter Breton, M.A., rector of Coltishall in Nor- folk, and sometime fellow of King's college, was a benefactor, and his rebus was placed in the windows of the philosophy school.
John de Vere, earl of Oxford, K.G., who died in 1514, was also a benefactor to the fabric.
John Sentuary, fellow of Corpus Christi college, who died about 1519, paved the inner area of the schools at his own expense.
John Mere, M.A., esquire bedel, who died 13th April, 1555, having bequeathed money for charitable uses, £40, part thereof, was applied to the repair of the roof of the schools.
Matthew Parker, archbishop of Canterbury, in 1573, made at his own expence a new way leading to the schools from Great S. Mary's. It was called University street. (a)
The schools were in Fuller's time thus appro- priated :
Northern side. 1. Divinity school. 2. Regent house.
Southern side. 1. Logic or sophister's school. 2. The greek school.
Western side. 1. Philosophy or bachelor's school. 2. Physic and law schools.
(a) The other part of the area in front of the schools and senate- house -was formed when the latter structure was erected, by the removal of a considerable number of townsmen's houses, which were purchased by the university.
VOL. III. F
DO THE SCHOOLS.
Eastern side. 1. Vestry and Consistory. 2. Library.
In Loggan's time the appropriation of the quad- rangle was as follows :
Northern side. 1. Divinity school. 2. Regent house.
Southern side. 1. Sophister's school. 2. Library.
Western side. 1. Bachelor's school. 2. School of Physic and Law.
Eastern side. 1. Consistory and Proctors' and Taxors' court. 2. Minor library.
The sole ornament of the schools is the statue of Academic Glory, adverted to in our notice of the senate-house.
The schools are by no means remarkable for architectural beauty, indeed Evelyn, in recording his impressions of Cambridge on his visit in 1654, says " The Schooles are very despicable."
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.
THE following list of benefactors, which is more complete than any which has hitherto appeared, will be found to throw considerable light on the history and progress of this institution :
Thomas Langley, bishop of Durham and cardinal, who died in 1437, gave books.
Robert Abie, examiner general of the spiritual court at York, bequeathed six volumes by will, dated 24th December, 1440.
Walter Crome, D.D., rector of S. Benedict Sherehog in London, in 1452 gave MSS.
John de Tiptoft, earl of Worcester, K.G., designed a large donation of books, but being beheaded in 1470 his intentions could not be carried out.
John Gunthorpe, dean of Wells, and sometime master of King's hall, gave the works of S. Jerome, in two volumes, richly illuminated.
Thomas Rotheram, successively bishop of Rochester and Lincoln, and ultimately archbishop of York, gave about two hundred volumes.
Cuthbert Tunstall, bishop of London, afterwards of Durham, gave many books printed and MSS.
Matthew Parker, archbishop of Canterbury, in 1574 gave one hundred volumes, including twenty-five MSS. At the same period the following donations were made by the archbishop's procurement: — James Pilkington, bishop of Durham, twenty volumes. Robert Home, bishop of Winchester, seventy-
F2
68 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.
one volumes. Sir Nicholas Bacon, lord keeper, one hundred and three volumes in latin and greek,
Theodore Beza, of Geneva, in 1581 gave a valuable MS. of the new testament in greek and latin. (tf)
Andrew Perne, D.D., dean of Ely, and master of Peterhouse, successfully exerted himself to procure donations to the library, and by will gave a collection of gold and silver coins and antiquities now in the Fitzwilliam Museum, also the annual sum of 40s. to the library keeper.
Richard Barnes, bishop of Durham, gave ten volumes.
William Chadertou, bishop of Chester, (afterwards of Lincoln,) on 10th March, 1588-9, gave the Bomberg hebrew bible, four volumes.
Thomas Lorkin, M.D., Regius professor of physic, in 1591 bequeathed a valuable collection of medical works.
William Cecil, lord Burghley, chancellor of the university, gave a number of greek and latin authors in law and medicine.
John Lumley, lord Lumley, high steward of the university of Oxford, but sometime student in Queens' college, Cambridge, in 1598 gave eighty-four volumes.
Richard Bancroft, archbishop of Canterbury, in 1610 be- queathed his large and valuable collection of books to his successors on certain conditions, otherwise to the college in Chelsea if erected within six years, otherwise to the public library of this university. (*>
Stephen Perse, M.D., senior fellow of Caius college, in 1615 bequeathed £100 towards building a new university library/') on condition that the same were commenced within five years.
(a) Printed at the charge of the university, Camb. 2 TO!S. fol. 1793, under the editorship of Thomas Kipling, D.D. A new edition by the rev. F. H. Scrivener, M.A. of Trin. coll. is announced.
(5) In 1647 the books of archbishop Bancroft, with certain additions made to the collection by archbishop Abbot were removed to Cambridge under ordinances of parliament. They were almost all re-delivered to the then archbishop of Canterbury in 1663. MS. Go. 7. 51 contains a catalogue of the Lambeth library.
(c) The design of erecting a new library at Cambridge in imitation of that at Oxford is mentioned in a letter from Thomas Lorkin to sir Thomas Puckering, 20th August, 1614.
UNIVEKSITY LIBRARY. 69
George Villiers, duke of Buckingham, K.G., chancellor of the university, announced his intention of erecting a new library at his own expence, the estimated cost being £7000. The fulfil- ment of the munificent design was frustrated by his assassination. He had shortly before his death purchased a valuable collection of oriental MSS. made by the famous Thomas Erpenius, with the intention of presenting the same to the university, to which body they were given by his widowed duchess.
Fulke Greville, lord Brooke, bequeathed £200 towards the erection of a new library, with £100 a year for its endowment, provided the building were finished within a prescribed period.
William Bedwell, M.A., sometime fellow of Trinity college, in 1632 bequeathed a MS. arabic lexicon with types for printing the same, also a copy of the Koran.
Sir John Wollaston, alderman of London, defrayed the cost of the fittings up for the reception of the libraries of archbishops Bancroft and Abbot.
In 1648 parliament voted £500(a> to purchase a collection of oriental works, made by rabbi Isaac Pragius, and brought from Italy by the famous bookseller George Thomason.(i)
Richard Holdsworth, D.D., sometime dean of Worcester, and master of Emmanuel college, who died in 1649, bequeathed 10,095 volumes, whereof 186 were MSS. and 657 duplicates.*6)
Sir Symonds D'Ewes, bart., gave Collectio Vocum Sax- onicarum (MS. LI. 1. 4.)
Francis Ash, merchant of London, in 1653 gave forty volumes. Nicholas Hobart, M.A., fellow of King's college, in 1655 gave a collection of greek and oriental MSS. acquired by him on his journey to Constantinople.
Robert Balam gave a collection of autograph letters of Peter Martyr.
Abraham Whelock, M.A., university librarian, and professor
(a) At the same time (24th March, 1647-8,) the commons voted £2000 towards building and finishing the public library, but it does not appear that this grant was sanctioned by the lords.
(b) Catalogus Librorum diversis Italia? locis Emptorum Anno Dom. 1647, a "eorgio Thomasono Bibliopola Londinensi, &c. Lond 4to. 1647.
(c) Catalogues of Dr. Holdsworth's collection made in 1664 are in the library Dd 8. 45; Ff 4. 27.
70
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.
of arable and anglo-saxon, gave a collection of books on eastern and northern literature.
John Rant, sometime fellow of Caius college, in 1655 gave five MSS.
Richard Foxton, alderman of Cambridge, sometime a student in Emmanuel college, left £40 wherewith books were purchased in 1656.
Alexander Ross, D.D. of Aberdeen, bequeathed £50 which was in 1657 expended in the purchase of books.
Samuel Morland, M.A. of Magdalen college, (afterwards sir Samuel Morland,) in 1658 gave a valuable collection of MSS. relating to the affairs of the Waldenses.W
William Moore, M.A., fellow of Caius college, and librarian to the university, who died in 1659, gave a MS. and printed books, made several useful catalogues, and greatly exerted himself to put the library in order.
Henry Lucas, esq., M.A. of S. John's college, sometime burgess in parliament for the university, gave his whole library consisting of about four thousand volumes/61
Tobias Rustat, esq., yeoman of the king's robes, by deed dated 1 June, 1666, settled £1000 to be laid out in lands, the rents to be applied in the purchase of the best and most useful books for the library.
John Cosin, bishop of Durham, by deed dated 2nd Feb. 1668-9, covenanted to give the university £100 for the erection of a commencement-house and new library, according to a specified plan or model. ^ This sum to be paid as soon as the ground on both sides of the Regent walk between King's and Caius colleges was purchased, and when the ground was made clear he covenanted to contribute £100 a year for four years if the works were carried on vigorously without stop or delay.
Thomas Buck, M.A., esquire bedel and printer to the university, gave twenty-six volumes.
(a) It appears that some of the documents given by Morland have long been missing. Cat. Univ. Libr. MSS., i. 81.
(6) Catalogue in MS. Mm. 4. 27.
(c) Dr. Cosin's plan was promulgated about 1640, but the civil war prevented its being carried out.
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY. 71
John Hacket, bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, bequeathed above one thousand volumes.
Kobert Mapletoft, D.D., dean of Ely and master of Pembroke hall, bequeathed £100 for the purchase of the books of Golius.
James Duport, D.D., dean of Peterborough, and master of Magdalen college, bequeathed £100 to purchase books.
Edmund Castell, D.D., professor of arable, in 1685 bequeathed all his MSS. in hebrew, syriac, Samaritan, persian, and arable.
Owen Mayfield, alderman of Cambridge, bequeathed a collection of coins.
Joseph Beaumont, D.D., master of Peterhouse, and Regius professor of divinity, bequeathed his MS. praslectiones in seventeen 4to. volumes.
William Worts, M.A. of S. Catharine's hall, by will dated 21st June, 1709 gave a considerable portion of the annual pro- ceeds of his real and personal estate to this library.
King George I., in 1715 presented the choice library of John Moore, bishop of Ely, containing 30,755 volumes (whereof 1790 were MSS.) which his majesty had purchased for £6000, or as some say 6000 guineas/0)
(a) Although he modestly disclaimed the honour there can be little doubt that the king's munificence to the university was owing to a suggestion of Charles Townshend, viscount Townshend.
Soon after the king presented bishop Moore's library to this university, government were obliged to send to Oxford a squadron of horse to seize certain Jacobite officers who had been turned out of the army and were harboured there, thereupon a wit of that university produced this epigram : —
The king observing, with judicious eyes,
The state of both his universities,
To one he sends a regiment ; For why ?
That learned body wanted loyalty.
To th' other books he gave, as well discerning
How much that loyal body wanted learning.
This occasioned the subjoined retort by Mr. (afterwards sir William) Browne, which though commended by Dr. Johnson, has been considered inferior to the original :
The king to Oxford sent his troop of horse :
For tories own no argument but force.
With equal care to Cambridge books he sent :
For whigs allow no force but argument.
72 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.
Robert Cannon, D.D., sometime fellow of King's college, gave a valuable MS. in the handwriting of King Edward VI. being a treatise in french on the supremacy of the pope.
George Lewis, archdeacon of Meath, in 1727 presented a cabinet of oriental MSS., coins and curiosities/")
Thomas Baker, B.D., sometime fellow of S. John's college, in 1740 bequeathed eighteen volumes of his MS. historical collections, also several valuable printed books with his annotations thereon.
Sir Nathaniel Lloyd, LL.D., master of Trinity hall, in 1741 bequeathed £500 towards the charge of rebuilding part of the library, and in the same year the rev. Robert Tillotson, M.A., fellow of Clare hall, bequeathed £30 for the same purpose.
Roger Gale, esq., F.S.A., of Scruton in the county of York, in 1744 bequeathed his cabinet of roman coins, with a com- plete catalogue of them drawn up by himself. W
In 1754, and the seven following years, £9288 was raised by subscription for enlarging the library. {c) This sum (with
(a) There is a printed catalogue of archdeacon Lewis's collection.
(b) Of this catalogue twenty copies were printed by John Nichols, 4to. 1780, for the use of particular friends. The Gale coins are now in the Fitzwilliam museum.
(c) The following is a list of subscribers :—
£. «. d.
King George II. . . . 3000 0 0
Thomas Holies Pelham, duke of Newcastle, chancellor of the university ..... 1000 0 0
Philip Yorke, earl of Hardwicke, lord chancellor of Great Britain, and high steward of the university . . 300 0 0
Hon. Edward Finch and Hon. Thomas Townshend, i embers in parliament for the university, £250 each . 500 0 0
Thomas Herring, archbishop of Canterbury, John Manners, marquess of Granby, Henry Pelham Clinton, earl of Lincoln, Robert D'Arcy, earl of Holderness, Francis Godolphin, earl of Godolphin, John Ashburnham, earl of Ashburnham, Philip Yorke, Viscount Royston, Thomas Sherlock, bishop of London, Matthias Mawson, bishop of Ely, £200 each ..... 1800 0 0
Mathew Hutton, archbishop of York, (afterwards of Canterbury,) John Ryder, archbishop of Tuam, Charles Watson Wentworth, marquess of Rockingham, Thomas Thynne, viscount Weymouth, Benjamin Hoadley, bishop of
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY. 73
the legacies of sir Nathaniel Lloyd, and the rev. Robert Tillotson) was expended in rebuilding the eastern front.W
John Newcome, D.D., dean of Rochester, and master of S. John's college, bequeathed in 1765, £500 for the purchase of theological books.
George Lewis, M.A., sometime fellow of Jesus college, and son of the archdeacon of Heath of the same name, gave in 1770 a richly illuminated persian MS.
£. •. d.
Winchester, Frederick Cornwallis, bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, (afterwards archbishop of Canterbury), John Thomas, bishop of Lincoln, (afterwards of Salisbury), Zachary Pearce, bishop of Rochester, Anthony Ellys, bishop of S. David's, Richard Osbaldeston, bishop of Carlisle, (afterwards of London), Benjamin Keene, bishop of Chester, (afterwards of Ely), Sir William Ashburnham, bishop of Chichester, Dr. Philip Yonge, bishop of Bristol (afterwards of Norwich), John Garnett, bishop of Clogher, William Barnard, bishop of Derry, Hon. Charles Yorke, solicitor general, Sir Thomas Clarke, master of the rolls, Sir Thomas Salusbury, judge of the admiralty, Sir George Savile, bart. Sir Thomas Robinson, K.B, Roger Petti ward, D.D., £100 each . . . 2100 0 0
Richard Chenvenix bishop of Waterford, Sir Edward Wilmot, M.D., John Fountayne, D.D., dean of York, John Green, D.D., dean (afterwards bishop) of Lincoln, William Heberden, M.D., Robert Taylor, M.D., Soame Jenyns, esq., M.P. £50 each ..... 350 0 0
John Taylor, LL.D., canon residentiary of S. Paul's . 40 0 0
Penniston Booth, D.D., dean of Windsor, Hugh Thomas, D.D., dean of Ely, Charles Moss, D.D., archdeacon of Col- chester (afterwards bishop of Bath and Wells), Roger Long, D.D., master of Pembroke hall, John Sumner, D.D., provost of King's college, Thomas Chapman, D.D., master of Magdalen college, Christopher Wilson, D.D., canon residentiary of S. Paul's (afterwards bishop of Bristol) £21 each . 147 0 0
Edward Barnard, D.D., master of Eton school. . 20 0 0
Richard Etough, M.A., rector of Ther6eld, £10. 10s. John Keet, M.A., rector of Hatfield, £10. 10*. Theophilus Lowe, M.A., canon of Windsor, £10 .... 31 0 0
£9288 00
(a) The first stone was laid with much solemnity by the duke of New- castle, chancellor of the university, 30th April, 1755. The architect was Stephen Wright.
74 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.
William Burrell, esq., LL.D. of S. John's college, (afterwards sir William Burrell) in 1772 presented a collection of Chinese books.
Gilbert Bouchery, M.A., sometime fellow of Clare hall, in 1778 gave two arabic MSS.
William Petty, earl of Shelburne (afterwards marquess of Lansdowne), gave a greek MS.
The rev. Henry Turner, B.D., vicar of Burwell, in 1786 gave a MS. containing transcripts of ancient and curious docu- ments relative to the town of Cambridge.
Sir James Marriott, LL.D., master of Trinity hall, gave various books, including a turkish MS.
Edward Daniel Clarke, John Marten Cripps, and Bridges Harvey, of Jesus college, Robert Walpole of Trinity college, and John Spencer Smith, sometime minister at the Ottoman porte, presented greek marbles.
Joseph Merrill, of Cambridge, bookseller, in 1805 bequeathed £200, the annual interest to be laid out in purchasing books for the library.
Francis Maseres, M.A., cursitor baron of the exchequer, and sometime fellow of Clare hall, gave books at various periods, and in 1806 presented MSS. of John Colson, Lucasian pro- fessor.
Claudius Buchanan, D.D., in 1809 presented about eighty volumes of oriental MSS. and printed books.
John Louis Burckhardt, the celebrated traveller, in 1817 bequeathed 300 volumes of arabic MSS.
John Palmer, B.D., arabic professor, gave in 1824 six arabic MSS.
Peter Paul Dobree, M.A., Regius professor of greek, in 1825 bequeathed 182 volumes of classical books printed and MSS.
The rev. John Manistre, M.A., fellow of King's college, in 1829 bequeathed £5000, the interest to be applied in the purchase of books.
Basil Montagu, esq. M.A.W of Christ's college, gave a large
(n) Mr. Montagu in 1805 published a pamphlet in support of the claims of the university library, under the then copyright act.
UNIVEESITY LIBRARY. 75
and valuable collection of the various editions of the printed works of Francis Bacon.
In 1835 and the following year upwards of £21,000(a) was
(a) Subjoined are the names of the principal subscribers : — Gilbert Ainslie, D.D., master of Pemb. coll. £105; George Biddell Airy, M.A., astronomer royal, £50; Sir Edward Hall Alderson, baron of the exchequer, £52. 10s.; sir John Beckett, LL.D., £52. 10s.; John Bell, M.A. ofTrin. coll. £105; Henry Bickersteth, M.A., (afterwards lord Langdale) £52. 10s.; Charles James Blomfield, bishop of London, £300; James Brogden, M.A. Trin. coll. £100; rev. John Brown, M.A. Trin. coll. £105; Samuel Butler, D.D. (afterwards bishop of Lichfield) £52. 10s. ; George Gough Calthorpe, lord Calthorpe, £100 ; the master and fellows of Caius coll. £200; rev. John Bassett Campbell, M.A., Trin. coll. £50; John Bonham Carter, M.p. £50; rev. William Carus, M.A., Trin. coll. £52. 10s. ; William Cavendish, earl of Burlington (now duke of Devonshire, and chancellor of the university), £105 ; William Chafy, D.D. master of Sidney coll. £105; Edward Clive, viscount Clive (after- wards earl of Powys) £50; hon. Robert Henry Clive, LL.D, £50 ; Spencer J. A. Compton, marquess of Northampton, £60 ; John Singleton Copley, lord Lyndhurst, £50 ; the master and fellows of Corpus Christi coll. £105; rev. George William Craufurd, M.A. King's coll. £100; John Cust, earl of Brownlow, £50; Martin Davy, D.D. master of Caius coll. £105; Peter Debary, B.D. Trin. coll. £105 ; John and Joseph Jonathan Deighton, booksellers, Cambridge, £50 ; Henry Douglas, M.A. S. John's coll. £50 ; Laurence Dundas, lord Dundas, (afterwards earl of Zetland,) £100; Robert Dundas, viscount Melville, £50 ; the provost and fellows of Eton coll. £100 ; rev. Robert Wilson Evans, M.A. Trin. coll. £105; rev. Frederick Field, M.A. Trin. coll. £50 ; Thomas Fisher and sons, bankers, Cambridge, £52. 10s. ; lord Augustus Fitzclarence, £50; Henry Fitzmaurice, marquess of Lansdowne, £100; George Henry Fitzroy, duke of Grafton, £200; Charles William Wentwnrth Fitzwilliam, earl Fitzwilliam, £100; William Charles Wentworth Fitzwilliam, viscount Milton, £50; William French, D.D. master of Jesus coll. £105; Bartholomew Frere, M.A. Trin. coll. £52. 10s. ; rev, James William Geldart, LL.D., Regius professor of civil law, £52. 10s. ; Joseph Goodall, D.D., provost of Eton coll. £105; rev. Thomas Stephen Gosset, M.A. Trin. coll. £100; right hon. Henry Goulburn, M.P. £105; John Graham, D.D. master of Christ's coll. (now bishop of Chester), £105; sir Robert Graham, LL.D., sometime baron of the exchequer, £105 ; rev. Robert Hodgson Greenwood, M.A. Trin. coll. £50 ; hon. and rev. George Neville Grenville, M.A., master of Magdalen college, £105; John Haviland, M.D., Regius professor of physic, £52. 10s.; Edward Craven Hawtrey, D.D., Eton coll. £50; John Moore Heath, M.A., Trin. coll. £52. 10s.; Thomas Henry Hope, M. P., £105; John Hutton, M.A. Christ's coll. £100; rev. John Hymers M.A., S. John's coll. £50; Edward Jacob,
76 tJNtvERsmr LIBRARY.
collected by subscription for erecting an addition to the
M.A., Caius coll. £52. 10s.; John Kaye, bishop of Lincoln, £210; rev. Richard Edward Kerrich, MJL, Christ's coll. £50 ; S. K. £50; the provost and fellows of King's coll. £300 ; hon. Marmaduke Langley, (late Dawnay,) M.A. Trin. coll. 100; hon. Charles Ewan Law, M.P. £105; rev. William Law, M.A. Trin. coll. £52. 10s. ; rev. William Lax, M.A. Lowndean professor, £100; Thomas Le Blanc, LI,D. master of Trin. hall, £105; Samuel Lee, D.D. Regius professor of hebrew, £50; Alexander William Crawford Lindsay, lord Lindsay, £105 ; sir Joseph Littledale, justice of the king's bench, £105; rev. John Lodge, M.A., librarian of the university, £105; rev. Francis William Lodington, B.D., Clare hall, £52. 10s. ; Charles Long, lord Farnborough, £105; rev. William Long, LL.B., canon of Windsor, £50; William Lowther, earl of Lonsdale, £100; the master and fellows of Magd. coll. £105; Edward Maltby, bishop of Chichester, (afterwards of Durham) £105; John Henry Manners, duke of Rutland, E.G., £100; Herbert Marsh, bishop of Peterborough, £250 ; rev. Francis Martin, M.A. Trin. colL £52. 10s.; William Hallows Miller, M.A. professor of mineralogy, £50 ; James Henry Monk, bishop of Gloucester, £210 ; William Moody, M.A., Trin. coll. £52. 10s.; rev. Edmund Mortlock, M.A. Christ's coll £50; Thomas Mortlock, SLA., S. John's coll. £52. 10s. ; Richard Aldworth Neville, lord Braybrooke, £105 ; sir James Parke, LL.D. (now lord Wensleydale,) £50 ; rev. George Peacock, M.A. Trin. coll. £105 ; right hon. William Yates Peel, M.P. £52. 10s.; Charles George Perceval, lord Arden, £50; Hugh Percy, duke of Northumberland, K.G., £500 ; rev. Charles Perry, (now bishop of Melbourne) £105; William Portal, M.A., S. John's coll. £50; John Jeffreys Pratt, marquess Camden, K.G. chancellor of the university £500; Joseph Procter, D.D. master of Cath. hall, £105; James Robinson, M.A. S. Peter's college, £105; rev. Joseph Romilly, MJU registrary, £105; Dudley Ryder, earl of Harrowby, £100; James Scarlett, lord Abinger, £50; rev. Adam Sedgwick, M.A. Woodwardian professor, £105; rev. William Selwyn, M.A. St. John's colL £52. 10s.; rev. Joseph Shaw, M.A. Christ's coll. £50; rev. Richard Sheepshanks, M.A. Trin coll. £105; rev. Charles Simeon, M.A. King's coll. £105; rev. George Skinner, M.A. Jesus coll. £105; Bowyer Edward Sparke, bishop of Ely, £500; rev. Edward Bowyer Sparke, M.A. S. John's coll. £50; right hon. Thomas Spring Rice (now lord Monteagle), £50; Thomas Starkie, M.A. Down- ing professor of law, £52. 10s. ; rev. Thomas Henry Steel, M.A. Trin. colL £52. 10s.; John Stuart, marquess of Bute, £105; Charles Manners Sutton, viscount Canterbury, £105; Thomas Manners Suit on, lord Manners, £50; rev. Henry Tasker, M.A., Pemb. coll. £52. 10s.; Ralph Tatham, B.D. public orator, £50; George Thackeray, D.D. provost of King's colL £105; rev. Connop Thirlwall, M.A. (now bishop of S. David's) £50 ; rev. Thomas Thorp, MJL Trin. colL £105 ; sir Nicholas C. Tindal, chief-justice of the common pleas, £105; rev. George Townsend, MJU Trin. coll. £50 ; rev. George Robert Tuck, M.A., Emman. colL £50 ; Thomas
76
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UNIVERSITY LIBRARY. 77
buildings. (a)
Charles Sutton, D.D., of S. John's college, in 1836 presented the valuable MS. collections of Adam Wall, M.A., fellow of Christ's college, (MS. Oo. 5. 40-52).
The rev. Robert William Johnson, M.A., of Magdalen college, about 1840 gave a MS. translation by Edward Courtenay, earl of Devonshire.
The rev. Charles Bayles Broadley, LL.D., of Trinity college, gave the full score MS. of Dr. Walmisley's ode on the installa- tion of the duke of Northumberland, and Dr. Walmisley gave the MS. of Dr. Boyce's music for the ode on the installation of the duke of Newcastle.
John Percy Baumgartner, esq., in 1859 gave MSS. collected by Dr. Samuel Knight, including the correspondence of John Strype and the autobiography of bishop Patrick.
Henry Hazard, of Cambridge, merchant, in 1859 pre- sented the Cambridge Journal, 19th September 1747, to Sep- tember 1750, and the Cambridge Chronicle, 30th October 1762, to December 1788. [Some of the volumes are unique.]
The rev. Leonard Jenyns, M.A. of S. John's college, in 1861 gave MSS. of Leonard Chappelow, professor of arabic, Leonard Chappelow his nephew.
The following donations have been made towards the ex- tension of the library buildings: Rev. Thomas Halford, M.A. Jesus college, £2000 ; Edward Maltby, bishop of Durham, £100 ; Benedict Chapman, D.D., master of Caius college, £50 ; Robert
Turton, D.D. dean of Peterborough (now bishop of Ely), £105 ; John Charles Villiers, earl of Clarendon, £105 ; rev. Randall Ward, M.A. Trin. coll. £50 ; rev. Richard Waterfield, B.D. Emman. coll. £50; rev. Samuel Wilkes Waud, M.A. Magd. coll. £52. 10s. ; rev. William Whewell, M.A. Trin. coll. £105 ; William Henry Whitbread, M.A. Trin. coll. £52. 10s. ; James Wood D.D. dean of Ely and master of S. John's coll. £105; Christopher Words- worth, D.D. master of Trin. coll. £210; rev. Christopher Wordsworth, M.A. Trin. coll. £52. 10s.; John Wordsworth, M.A. Trin. coll. £52. 10s.; Charles Philip Yorke, earl of Hardwicke, LL.D. £50.
(a) The old quadrangle of King's college was purchased by the uni- versity in 1829, for £12,000.
The first stone of the new library was laid by Gilbert Ainslie, D.D. vice-chancellor, 29th September, 1837. The architect was Charles Robert Cockerell. esq., R.A.
78 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.
Moon, esq., M.A., fellow of Queens' college, £100; rev. Joseph Power, M.A., librarian of the university £50 ; Edwin Guest, LL.D., master of Caius college, £50; George Peacock, D.D., dean of Ely, £100.
The library occupies all the upper portion of the school quadrangle, the northern side of the lower portion of that quadrangle and the upper portion of a building erected 1837-40, and which forms part of a court intended to occupy the whole site of the library and schools, and the old court of King's college. This building is hereafter re- ferred to as the new library, the lower portion being appropriated to the museum of natural history.
The entrance to the library is by a handsome staircase situate at the south eastern angle of the building. The southern, western, and northern rooms have an antique appearance. At the junction of the southern and western rooms is a square apartment with a handsome dome. The ceiling of the northern room is of quaint character, having thereon the arms of John Jegon, D.D., master of Corpus Christi college, afterwards bishop of Norwich. In the western window of this room are the arms of Thorpe. The eastern room, erected 1755, has an elaborately decorated ceiling, and at either end are handsome doorways. The new library is a spacious lofty apartment, decorated with Ionic columns, having galleries on either side, and a vaulted roof. In the eastern window are the arms of the university, archbishop Rotheram, bishop Tunstall, John Jeffreys Pratt, marquess Camden, E.G., chancellor of the university, Gilbert Ainslie, D.D.,
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY. 79
vice-chancellor, 1836-7, Thomas Worsley, M.A., vice- chancellor, 1837-8, William Hodgson, D.D., vice- chancellor, 1838-9, and Ralph Tatham, D.D., vice- chancellor, 1839-40. In the western window are the arms of Hugh Percy, duke of Northumberland, K.G., successively high steward, and chancellor of the university.
The following portraits are suspended in the library and on the staircase leading thereto :
Richard de Ling, chancellor of the university, 1339, 1345, and 1351, (presented by Mr. Patterson of Hull, 1810).
Margaret, countess of Richmond and Derby.
John Colet, D.D., dean of S. Paul's.
Erasmus.
John Young, D.D., successively fellow of S. John's and Trinity colleges, and master of Pembroke hall.(°)
Edmund Grindal, archbishop of Canterbury.
Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester, K.G., high steward of the university.
William Cecil, lord Burghley, E.G., chancellor of the university.
Queen Elizabeth.
John Whitgift, archbishop of Canterbury.
Theodore Beza, (purchased by the university about 1846).
Richard Bancroft, archbishop of Canterbury.
Robert Cecil, earl of Salisbury, K.G., chancellor of the university.
King James I. (two. One a full length, curious).
George Villiers, duke of Buckingham, K.G., lord high admiral, and chancellor of the university.
George Abbot, archbishop of Canterbury.
King Charles I., (two. One a full length, when prince of Wales, curious. The other a head, by Vandyke).
Peter Gunning, bishop of Ely.
(a) On the picture he is stated to have died 7th April, 1579, set. 67. In Athena Cantalriyienses, i. 428, it is said that he died in October, 1580.
80 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.
King Charles II. (two).
John Moore, bishop of Ely.
Charles Townshend, viscount Townshend, E.G. (by Isaac Whood).
Nicholas Saunderson, LL.D., Lucasian professor (bequeathed by rev. Thomas Kerrich, M.A., principal librarian, 1828).
Roger Gale, esq.
Conyers Middleton, D.D., principal librarian, (presented by Mrs. Heberden, 1802).
Sir Thomas Gooch, bishop of Ely.
Sir Benjamin Keene, K.B., (in crayons — presented by Bayly Wallis, D.D.)
John Colson, Lucasian professor.
Anthony Shepherd, D.D., Pluraian professor, (by Vander- puyle).
John Nicholson, bookseller of Cambridge, commonly called Maps, (by Reinagle).
Richard Porson, M.A., Regius professor of greek, (by John Hoppner, E.A., — presented by Mrs. Esther Raine, of Richmond, Yorkshire, 1833).
Henry Martyn, B.D., fellow of S. John's college, (presented by the rev. Charles Simeon, M.A.).
There are also busts of
Rev. Edward Daniel Clarke, LL.D., librarian, (by Chantrey). Rev. Charles Simeon, M.A., senior fellow of King's college, (by S. Manning, 1855).
Both these busts were purchased by subscription.
At the foot of the staircase is a small collection of greek and eastern marbles, including the statue of Ceres from Eleusis, and the Rosetta inscription.
Under the copyright act (6 and 7 Will. IV. c. 45) this library is entitled to a copy of every work pub- lished in the united kingdom.
In addition to its endowments the library is sup- ported by a contribution of six shillings a year from each member of the university (sizars excepted).
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The number of printed books is about two hundred thousand, and there are above three thou- sand MSS. The library is particularly rich in early printed english books.
A catalogue of the Burckhardt MSS. by the rev. Theodore Preston, M.A., fellow of Trinity college, was published Camb. 4to., 1853; and a catalogue of the remaining oriental MSS., by professor Williams, has been announced.
A catalogue of the other MSS. is in course of publication. It is intended to be comprised in five volumes 8vo., four of which have already appeared.
The management of the library is delegated by the senate to a syndicate consisting of the vice- chancellor and sixteen other members of the senate, of whom four retire annually by rotation.
The librarian is appointed by the senate, and there are several assistants appointed by the syndi- cate, with the sanction of the senate. (a)
With the exception of MSS. rare books and works of reference, a limited number of volumes can be taken out for a quarter of a year, by doctors of divinity, law, and physic, bachelors of divinity, masters of arts and of law. Bachelors of physic and bachelors of arts and of law enjoy the like privilege through their tutors. All members of the university have access to the library, and others, who are not members of the academic body, can obtain permission from the syndicate to use the library for purposes of study and research. The
(a) There -were, from 1721 to 1828, two librarians. The officers were formally conjoined by grace of the senate, 9th April, 1845.
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82 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.
existing regulations are of the most liberal character, and it may safely be asserted that this is by far the most useful public library in the kingdom. (a]
(a) The following ancient regulations are curious : Articles for the office of keeping the Universitie Librarie, made Anno 1582.
1. Inprimis that there be a tripartite inventory indented, containing the names of all the bookes, and the number of leaves of all written bookes, the one part to remaine with the Vice-Chancellour for the tyme being; the other in the University Chest, and the 3rd with the Keeper of the Library.
2. Item, all written books and all other bookes of Imagery with colours, all Globes, Astroglobes, and all other Instruments mathematicall, with all other books mathematicall or Historicall (such as shall be thought meet by the Vice-Chauncellor) to be safely locked up in some convenient place within the Library with 2 several locks and keys, whereof the one key to remain with the Vice- Chancellor, and the other to remain with the keeper of the Library.
3. Item, the Keeper to be bound by obligacion with sureties in two hundredth pounds to preserve safly all and every one of the books not locked up &c., ut supra, and to give accompt for them once in the yeare to the Vice-Chancellour and the Auditors of the Generall Accompt; or at any other tyme once in the yeare required thereunto by the Vice-Chancellor or his deputy. And if any book, or part of any book, shall be taken or gone out of the said Library, or any defaced or cutt, the said keeper shall restore the same againe, or another of that kynd of the like goodnes, within three months or else lose his office and pay the 3 parte value of the books imbecilled or otherwise cut or defaced.
4. Item, he shall attend and be in readiness the whole year throughout in terme time, excepte all Sondayes and holydayes : that is to say, from eighte of the clock until tenn in the forenone, and from one to three in the afternone; so that all masters of arte, batchelours of law or physick, or any other of the university above that degree, may have free accesse to the bookes of the saide librarie : so that at one time there be not more than tenne in the said librarie together, (excepte the straungers that come only to see and not to tarry) ; and that none of them tarry above one houre at one booke at one tyme, if any other shall desire to use the sayd booke, Provided always, that if any straunger shall come to see or peruse any of the bookes therein, that then at the request of any master of artes, batchelour of lawes or physick, or other of superior Degree, either within the foresayd hours, or at any other tyme of the day, (so it be betweene the sun riseing and setting) the
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY. 83
It is open daily from ten to four, except on Saturdays, when it is closed at one. There are however a few holidays, and at prescribed times the library is necessarily closed for short periods.
sayd keeper shall not refuse, notwithstanding tenne already be within, to admit more as strangers into the sayd Library.
5. Item, that no book or any Instrument be lent or alienated out of the Library, but by speciall Licence and grace of the University, upon payne of forfeiture of 3 parte valew of any book or instrument lent or alienated, to be answered by such as are keepers of the kejs of the doores and desks of the Librarie.
6. Item, If any chaine clasps Bosse or such like decay happen to be, the sayd keeper to signify the same unto the Vice-chancellour within three days after he shall spy such default, to the ende the same may be amended: and that before the sayd keeper goe forth of the library, either in the forenoone or afternoone, he shall view all the books, and if any be left open or out of their due place, he shall safly close them up and sett them in their places.
7. Item, that the Keeper of the Library that now is, and all other to be chosen hereafter, shall continue in his office by the space of three yeares, unlesse upon his misbehavour he shal be thought by the Universitie meete to be deprived. And the sayd keeper to have and receive yearly for his stipende and wages, five marks of lawfull money of England, to be payd unto him quarterly, by even porcions, by the hand of Mr. Vice- Chancellour for the tyme beinge.
G2
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AMONGST the printed books given by archbishop Parker to Corpus Christi college is Margarita elo- quentiae castigatse by Frater Laurentius Gririlielmi de Traversanis of Savona a minorite friar, at the end whereof is : —
Compilatum autem fuit hoc opus in alrna universitate Cantabrigie, anno Domini, 1478, die et 6 Julij, quo die festum Sancte Marthe recolitur. Sub protectione serenissimi regis anglorum Eduardi quarti.
This colophon has given rise to an opinion that the work was printed in Cambridge. It has how- ever been ascertained that the types are those used by Caxton, and there can be little doubt that the book was printed by him at Westminster about 1479.(a)
(a) It was printed also at S. Albans in 1480.
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John Siberch, a german, was settled in Cam- bridge as a printer in 1521. He is known to have printed seven books here in that year and two in the year following. One of the books printed here by him in 1521 was Linacre's translation of Galen de Temperamentis. It is supposed to be the earliest book printed in England which contains greek characters, but there are greek characters in other of Siberch's books of the same date. No produc- tion of his press subsequently to 1522 appears to be known.
In 1529 the university presented a petition to cardinal Wolsey, that for the suppression of error there should be three booksellers allowed in Cam- bridge by the king who should be sworn not to bring in or sell any book which had not been approved by the censors of books in the university, that such booksellers should be men of reputation and gravity and foreigners (so it should be best for the prizing of books,) and that they might have the privilege to buy books of foreign mer- chants.
On the 20th of July, 1534, Henry VIII., by letters patent, gave and granted his royal license to the chancellor, masters, and scholars of the uni- versity that they might assign and elect from time to time, by writing under the seal of the chancellor, three stationers and printers, or sellers of books, residing within the university, who might be either aliens or natives, and might hold and occupy either their own or hired houses. The stationers or printers thus assigned and every of them, were empowered
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to print all manner of books approved of by the chancellor or his vicegerent and three doctors, and to sell and expose to sale in the university or elsewhere within the realm, as well such books as other books printed within or without the realm and approved of by the chancellor or his vice- gerent and three doctors. If aliens these stationers or printers were empowered to reside in the uni- versity in order to attend to their business, and j
were to be reputed and treated as the king's faithful subjects and lieges, and to enjoy the same liberties, customs, laws, and privileges, and to pay and con- tribute to lot, scot, tax, tallage, and other customs and 'impositions as the other subjects and lieges of the king. Provided that the said stationers or printers being aliens paid all customs, subsidies, and other monies for their goods and merchandises imported or exported as other aliens.
On the 21st of August following, Nicholas Speryng, Garrat Godfrey, and Segar Nycholson were ap- pointed stationers of the university during their lives.
On the 18th of July, 1577, lord Burghley, chancellor of the university, wrote to the vice- chancellor and the heads, with reference to their intention of bringing the exercise of printing into the university, for which purpose they had engaged John Kingston, a noted London printer whom they purposed to protect with the university privilege to print psalters, books of common prayer, and other books in english, for which the queen had already granted special privileges to William Seres, Richard
THE PITT PRESS. 87
Jugg, John Day and others. His lordship dis- approved of any attempts to prejudice the queen's grants, but thought they might employ an artificer for printing matters pertaining to the schools. Nothing appears to have resulted from the negotiations with John Kingston, although he was formally appointed university printer in 1577.
Thomas Thomas, M.A., sometime fellow of King's college, was constituted printer to the university, 3rd of May 1582, but nothing appeared from his press till 1584. This was occasioned by the sta- tioners' company of London having seized his press in 1583. From 1584 till his death in August, 1588,(a) he published a variety of works.
John Legate, citizen and stationer of London, was appointed printer to the university, 2nd Novem- ber, 1588. He met with much opposition from the stationers' company. A considerable number of books however issued from his press. He died in or about 1626. He used the impression of " Alma Mater Cantabrigia," and about it " Hinc Lvcem et pocvla sacra."
On 6th Feb. 1627-8, Charles I. granted a charter to the university, reciting the grant of Henry VIII. respecting stationers or printers, the act of queen Elizabeth confirmatory of the university charters, the grants to the company of stationers in London, a decree respecting printing of the court of star- chamber 28th Elizabeth, and a proclamation of James I. for observance of that decree, and moreover
(a) See a memoir of Thomas in Athense Cantabrigienses, ii. 29.
88 THE PITT PRESS.
reciting that doubts had arisen whether the printers of the university could print and sell any of the books specified in the grants to the stationers' company : in order to abolish all such ambiguities to put an end to all controversies, and for the encouragement of learning, he ratified the recited grant of Henry VIII., and declared that the uni- versity by their stationers and printers might print and expose to sale within the university or elsewhere within his dominions, all books which he or queen Elizabeth or king James I. had licensed to any person or persons, bodies politic or corporate what- soever, and also all other books whatsoever printed or to be printed, or which had been, or should be, by the chancellor, &c., allowed as fit to be put to sale, any letters patent or any prohibition, restraint, clause, or article in any letters patent whatsoever, notwithstanding.
In 1696 the university press was renovated principally through the exertions and agency of Dr. Richard Bentley, afterwards master of Trinity college. New buildings were erected and new presses and new types obtained by a public subscription, aided by a sum of £1000 which the senate borrowed for the purpose. A grace appointing a syndicate for the management of the press passed the senate 21st January, 1697-8.
In 1758 the court of king's bench decided that the printers of this university had a concurrent power with the king's printer to print acts of parliament and abridgement thereof.
The universities of Cambridge and Oxford and
THE PITT PRESS. 89
the company of stationers for nearly two hundred years enjoyed the exclusive privilege of printing almanacks. For many years these universities leased this privilege of printing almanacks to the company which paid each body above £500 a year. In 1775 a bold London printer, Thomas Carnan by name, successfully overthrew the monopoly, and obtained a declaration of a court of law that the right of printing almanacks was a common law right over which the crown had no controul, and thereupon the stationers' company discontinued their payments to the universities.
In 1779 a bill was introduced into the house of commons to vest the sole right of printing almanacks in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge and the company of stationers of London. Thomas Carnan petitioned against the bill and was allowed to be heard by his counsel (Messrs. Davenport and Erskine), and immediately after they had been heard the house divided, and the motion for the com- mittal of the bill was negatived by sixty against forty.
In 1781 an act passed granting to each of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge £500 per annum as a compensation for the loss sustained by the decision on the right of printing almanacks. The sum payable under that act to this university was, by grace of the senate, llth June, 1782, placed at the disposal of the syndics of the press for the publication of new works or fresh editions of old works.
In 1804 the universities of Oxford and Cam-
90
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bridge obtained an injunction from the court of chancery restraining William, John, and James Eichardson from publishing the bible and the book of common prayer. They had sold in London copies of these works printed by the king's printers in Scotland. They presented an appeal to the house of lords which was dismissed.
The university printing-house was formerly in Mill lane, extending to Silver street near Queens' college. It was a mean house, and in many respects inconvenient.
On the death of the right hon. William Pitt many distinguished personal friends of the great statesman and admirers of his public conduct, entered into a subscription for the purpose of erect- ing some memorial worthy of his name. By means of the funds thus raised a marble statue of Mr. Pitt, by Westmacott, was erected in Westminster abbey and a bronze statue of him executed after a model by Chantrey was placed in Hanover square, London. A large sum still remained unexpended, and on the 18th of June, 1824, a meeting of the subscri- bers was held at the Thatched-house tavern in London, when it was agreed to apply a portion of the surplus funds to the erection of a handsome and appropriate building at Cambridge in connection with the university press. This munificent offer was accepted, and on the 1st of July in the same year, the senate appointed a syndicate to purchase the houses in Trumpington street between Silver street and Mill lane. The cost of purchasing these houses, which was considerable, was defrayed by the
THE PITT PEESS. 91
university who also erected the greater part of the buildings in which the printing business is carried on. On the 18th of October, 1831, the first stone of the ornamental front of the printing office, which thereupon was designated the Pitt Press, was laid by the marquess of Caniden, attended by the earls of Clarendon and Harrowby, lord Farnborough, Henry Bankes, esq., M.P., the vice-chancellor, heads of colleges, and members of the senate. The following is the inscription on the foundation stone :
IN HONOREM GVLIELMI PITT
HVIVS ACADEMIAE OLIM ALVHNI VIKI ILLVSTKIORIS QVAM VT VLLO INDIGEAT PRAECONIO
AEQVALES EIVS ET AMICI SVPERSTITES
CVRATORES PECVNIARVM TVM AB IPSIS TVM AB ALIIS
FAMAE EIVS TVENDAE
ERGO COLLATARVM
HOC AEDIFICIVM EXTRVI VOLVERVNT. LAPIDEM AYSPICALEM SOLENNIBV8 CAEREMONIIS STATV1T
VIE NOBILISSIMVS
JOANNES JEFFREYS MARCHIO CAMDEN ASSISTENTIBVS ET HONORATISSIMIS COMITIBVS CLARENDON
ET HARROWBY HONORABILI ADMODVM BARONE FARNBOROUGH
HENRICO BANKES ARMIGERO.
TOTA INSPECTANTE ET PLAVDENTE ACADEMIA
DECIMO QVINTO CAL. NOVEMB. ANNO M.DCCC.XXXI.
GEORGIO THACKERAY S. T. P. COLL. REGAL. PRAES.
ITERVM PROCANCELLARIO.
On the 28th of April, 1833, the vice-chancellor, noblemen, heads of colleges, and officers and members of the university, accompanied by a
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deputation from the Pitt committee (consisting of the marquess of Camden, the earls of Clarendon and Harrowby, lord Farnborough, sir George Henry Rose, Henry Bankes, esq., and Samuel Thorn- ton, esq.), went in procession from the senate-house to the Pitt Press, where the marquess of Camden after an appropriate address delivered the key of the building to Dr. Webb, the vice-chancellor. After each member of the press had printed off a copy of the inscription on the foundation stone, a cold collation was given by the syndicate of the press to the deputation, the vice-chancellor, heads of colleges, &c.
The front, of which the most remarkable feature is a lofty tower, faces Trumpington street, and forms one of the most prominent objects in entering the town from London. The architect was Edward Blore, esq.
The office contains frames, fittings and appurten- ances for seventy compositors ; presses and appurten- ances for fifty-six pressmen ; eight printing machines, which require about fifty men and boys to manage, work, and supply them. A ten-horse steam engine ; two boilers, turning-lathe, forge, and circular saw ; one (steam power) milling machine, hydraulic and seven hot presses, at which together one hundred men and boys may be employed if necessary.
There are also closets and other places with the needful fittings and appurtenances for readers, over- seers, warehousemen, and boys.
In consequence of a communication made by king William IV. to the marquess Camden, chancellor
•ommittee (cor
muel
.L the senate-house
marquess of Camden
•lelivered the key of
:>b. the vice-chancellor.
the press had
the foundation ;:-iven ;by t •ion, t):
Tb. of which the most remark; • lire
• '^'/
Is a lofty tower, faces , Trumpington street, and tbtins t prominent objects in cut ei
the to\\oi from London. T ' itect was Edw
JUore, <
a
lulic and with the
atioD made by i, chancellor
THE PITT PRESS. 93
of the university, the syndicates of the press undertook a splendid impression of the holy scriptures.
The printing of the first eight pages of a copy upon vellum for the king's use took place at the public commencement 1835. These pages were struck off by the marquess of Camden, chancellor ; the duke of Northumberland, high steward ; H. E. H. the duke of Cumberland ; H. R. H. prince George of Cambridge ; Dr. William Howley, archbishop of Canterbury; the duke of Wellington ; the earl of Hardwicke ; and Dr. French, vice-chancellor.
The impression appeared in 2 vols. 4to. 1837.
The following is a list of the most celebrated printers of the university in addition to those we have already mentioned :
Cantrell Legge, appointed 1606, and who appears to have held the office jointly with John Legate.
Thomas Buck, appointed 1625, jointly with John Buck, M.A.
Roger Daniel, appointed 1632. He was in 1642 troubled by the house of commons for printing a book in defence of the king's commission of array, and Dr. Feme's Resolves in Cases of Conscience. He died 1650.
John Field, appointed 1655.
John Hayes, appointed 1669.
Cornelius Crownfield, a dutchman, appointed 1706.
Joseph Bentham, alderman of Cambridge, appointed 1740, died 1st June, 1778.
John Baskerville, appointed 1758, died 8th January, 1775.
John Archdeacon, appointed 1766, died 10th September, 1795.
John Burgess, appointed 1793.
Richard Watts, appointed 1802, removed 1809.
John Smith, appointed 1809.
John William Parker, appointed 1836.
George Seeley, and Charles John Clay, M.A., appointed
94 THE PITT PRESS.
1854, being partners with the university in the printing business. Mr. Seeley retired in 1856.
During the period (about 150 years) in which a tax was imposed upon paper, the universities of Cambridge and Oxford were entitled to a drawback in respect of the paper used at their presses for books in the latin, greek, oriental, or northern lan- guages, and in 1794 the exemption was extended to bibles, testaments, psahn-books, and books of common prayer.
Under the act 15 George III., c. 53, the uni- versity is entitled to the perpetual copyright of works given or bequeathed by the author or his representatives, if printed at the university press.
THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM.
RlCHAED FlTZWILIJAM VlSCOUNT FlTZWILLIAM,
sometime of Trinity hall, who died 5th February, 1816, by his will dated 18th August, 1815, gave and bequeathed as follows : —
I give and bequeath unto the chancellor masters and scholars of the university of Cambridge, all my capital stock in the new South Sea annuities [£100,000], to be had and held by them, the said chancellor masters and scholars, and their successors for ever, upon the trusts, and to and for the intents and purposes hereinafter expressed and declared touching and concerning the same; and as to all my pictures, portraits, prints, drawings, and engravings, whether framed, glazed, or otherwise, and also the frames and glasses thereof respectively, all my books, printed, engraved, or manuscript, bound or un- bound, all my music, bound and unbound, all my busts, statues, medals, gems, precious stones, and bronzes whatsoever, which shall belong to me at the time of my decease, I give and bequeath the same unto the said chancellor masters and scholars of the said university of Cambridge, and their suc- cessors for ever, upon the trusts and for the intents and purposes hereinafter expressed, declared and contained, touching and concerning the same : and I do hereby declare my will to be,
96 THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM.
and hereby direct, that they the said chancellor masters and scholars, do and shall with all convenient speed after my de- cease by and out of the dividends fand annual proceeds of my said new South Sea annuities so directed to be transferred to them as aforesaid, cause to be erected and built a good substantial and convenient museum, repository, or other building, within the precincts of the said university, for the reception and preservation of the said pictures, books, and other articles, or to purchase one or more erections or buildings for that purpose ; and in the meantime, and until such a museum, repository, or other building shall be erected, built, or purchased as aforesaid, to procure a proper building for their temporary reception, and to pay rent and taxes for the same, and also to pay and defray all the costs, charges, and expences attending the removing and depositing the said respective articles: and 1 do hereby direct, that William Sheldon and Edward Roberts, or the survivor of them, do cause a regular schedule or inventory to be made of the said several articles, and shall cause two fair copies of such schedule or inventory to be made, one of which copies I direct shall be signed by them the said William Sheldon and Edward Roberts, or the survivor of them, and that the other copy shall be signed by the vice-chancellor of the said university for the time being, and that the copy so to be signed by the said William Sheldon and Edward Roberts, or the survivor of them, shall be delivered to the said vice-chancellor, and deposited in the place where the said several articles are kept, and that the copy to be signed by the said vice-chancellor shall be delivered to the said William Sheldon and Edward Roberts, or one of them, to be kept by them, or one of them : and it is my will, and I hereby direct, that none of my said pictures, books, or other articles before mentioned, shall be taken or removed from the museum or repository for the time being, by any person or persons whomsoever, or on any account or upon any pretence whatsoever, except only in case of fire happening, and then only during the time the necessity con- tinues: and I do hereby declare my will to be, and hereby direct, that the expence of keeping such pictures, books, and other articles before mentioned, and the salaries of officers and other persons to be emoloyed in or about the same, shall be
THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM. 97
discharged with and out of the dividends and annual proceeds of the said new South Sea annuities so given and bequeathed as aforesaid : and I do hereby declare, that the bequests so by me made to the said chancellor masters and scholars of the said university, are so made to them for the purpose of promoting the increase of learning, and the other great objects of that noble foundation; but the particular arrangement, economy, and disposition of the property comprised in the said legacies and bequests I have made and given, I commit (subject to the several trusts hereinbefore expressed) to the direc- tion and management of the said chancellor masters and scholars, in such manner as is provided by the laws and usages of the said university.
Daniel Mesman esq., of Knightsbridge, bequeathed two hundred and forty-eight paintings, and thirty- three drawings and prints to the university after the death of his brother the rev. Charles Mesman, who however gave up his life interest in the bequest in 1834, when the collection was forwarded to the university. It was at first exhibited in the large room at the Pitt press, but is now deposited in the Fitzwilliam museum.
In 1842 the following works of art were added to the Fitzwilliam museum : an ivory model of the Tage Mahal at Agra, presented by Richard Burney, esq. M.A. of Christ's college ; a bronze cast of Flaxman's shield of Achilles, presented by Messrs. Rundell, Bridge and Co., goldsmiths, London; and a series of casts of the ornaments of the Alhambra, presented by sir Grenville Temple.
George Skilbeck Maude, B.A., of Catharine hall, in 1849 bequeathed a statue of Silence by Albertoni.
Philip Bury Duncan, M.A. of New college, Oxford, presented several fine casts from the antique.
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98 THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM.
John Disney, esq., of the Hyde, near Ingatestone, in the county of Essex, F.E.S., F.s.A.,(a) presented to the university a valuable collection of ancient marble and statuary, (6) with a view of its being placed in one of the public buildings of the university, and being kept together as an archaeological collection bearing his name. Graces accepting this donation for affixing the university seal to a letter of thanks to Mr. Disney, and authorising the deposit of the collection in the Fitzwilliam museum, passed the senate 16th of April, 1850.
In July, 1850, John Kirkpatrick, esq., M.A. of Trinity college, presented a collection of thirty-four first rate casts of antique statuary.
The ven. George Owen Cambridge, archdeacon of Middlesex, presented the Martyrdom of S. George, by Carletto Cagliari.
Henry Thomas Hope, esq., M.A. of Trinity college, presented the Salutation, by Manzuoli di San Friano.
In 1853 Stratford Canning, viscount Stratford de Redclrffe, sometime fellow of King's college, pre- sented twelve casts from the Halicarnassus marbles in the British museum.
(a) Mr. Disney, who was sometime a member of Peterhouse, and died in May, 1857, founded the professorship of archaeology.
(5) This collection owes its formation chiefly to the united labours of Thomas Hollis, esq., and Thomas Brand, esq. The former of these gen- tlemen died young, and left the greater part of the collection to his friend Mr. Brand, who added the name of Hollis to his own. Mr. Brand Hollis died in 1804, leaving his estates, and with them his col- lection, to the rev. Mr. Disney, the father of the gentleman who gave them to the university. He added to the collection, of which he pub- lished an account in two parts, under the title of Museum Disneianum, illustrated with plates, 4to., 1846 and 1848.
THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM. 99
George Scharf, junr., esq., in 1855 presented a valuable collection of casts.
The museum has been augmented by many other presents of paintings, prints, books, statues, models, and curiosities.
The stock bequeathed by lord Fitzwilliam, after the deduction of ten per cent, legacy duty, was in due course transferred to the university, and all the other directions of his lordship's will having been complied with, a syndicate was ap- pointed to assist in giving effect to his bequest. The collection was arranged in the Perse free school, which was fitted up as a temporary museum. Cases and cabinets were constructed for the books, prints, and drawings; the paintings were well ex- hibited; and the whole collection thus became, without any needless delay, available to the public.
It remained at the Perse school for a quarter of a century, when a place was found for it in the eastern room of the university library, where it remained till 1848.
After some fruitless negotiations with different parties, the university purchased of S. Peter's college for the sum of £9,645 the reversion of the present excellent site — then occupied by many mean buildings held upon lease.
At length all the leases having expired, and the university, after defraying the original cost of the site and all other necessary expences, having a balance in hand from the accumulation of the Fitz- william dividends of more than £40,000, the present building was commenced under the direction of
100 THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM.
George Basevi, esq., the architect whose designs had carried off the prize in open competition.
The first stone was laid by Gilbert Ainslie, D.D., vice-chancellor, 2nd of November, 1837.
The work was carried on under Mr. Basevi's direction for above seven years, during which time all the outer portions of the building, together with the interior picture galleries and a large room on the ground floor, devoted to sculpture and classical antiquities, were finished with their costly decora- tions.
After the melancholy death of Mr. Basevi in 1845, C. R. Cockerell, esq., was appointed to succeed him as architect ; and to him we owe the design and execution of the present cupola and many other beautiful decorations of the entrance hall, and also the excellent fittings of the library on the ground floor. The plans of Mr. Cockerell involved, how- ever, some costly changes in the designs of Mr. Basevi, and in 1847 it was found that all the avail- able funds, including therein £12,000 borrowed on the capital, were exhausted. The architectural decorations of the unfinished entrance hall have been consequently suspended till the accumulated dividends of the Fitzwilliam fund shall have become sufficient for the entire completion of the museum and for the construction of an architectural wall, which appears to be necessary to its exterior effect, its security, and its insulation from the contiguous grounds.
The front is generally allowed to be one of the finest pieces of architecture in the kingdom, and
'
n open
looT.
• under Mr. Basevi's
years, during which time
,,f the building, together with
' a large room on
'
iclancholy e erell, esq., was appointc
tect; and to him we owe the de execution of the present cupola and many other beautiful decorations of the entrance hall, and also the excellent fittings of the library on the ground floor. The plans of Mr. Cocker*. . some costly changes in the
In 1847
• on
accumulated ome
lotion < inuseum
oral wall,
«gsary to it« exterior effect, ition from the contiguous
be one of the
in the kingdom, and
THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM. 101
the entrance hall when completed will be truly magnificent.
The principal picture gallery is sixty-eight feet by thirty-nine, and the height to the springing of the cove is twenty-six and a-half feet. A lantern, fifty-four by twenty-five feet, is raised immediately upon the cove. Through this the light is admitted by a series of arched windows, between which Caryatides are placed at intervals.
The other picture galleries, the library, and the sculpture galleries are also fine apartments.
The cost of the site and of the buildings erected between 1837 and 1848 was £101,195. 9s. Wd.
The paintings include specimens of most of the great masters, including Both, the Carraci, Canaletti, Cipriani, Claude, Cuyp, G. Douw, Albert Durer, Carlo Dolci, Giorgine, Holbein, Hondius, C. Jansen, Lely, Mieris, Ostade, Panini, Polemberg, G. Poussin, N. Poussin, Rembrandt, Eubens, Ruysdael, Schalken, Snyders, J. Steen, Teniers, Tintoretto, Titian, Van- derwerf, Vandyke, Velasquez, P. Veronese, Verelst, Cornelius de Vos, Watteau, Weenix, Zuccharelli, and A. Zucchio.
Amongst the portraits are several of the Fitz- william family, including two of the founder, one representing him in his nineteenth year, by Wright of Derby, (a) the other in his sixty-fourth year by H. Howard, R.A.(>) There is also a curious portrait,
(a) Painted for Samuel Hallifax, LL.D., lord Fitzwilliam's tutor (after- wards bishop of S. Asaph), and presented, in November, 1819, by his son the rev. Thomas Fitzwilliam Hallifax, M.A. of Trinity hall.
(b) Engraved by Charles Turner.
102 THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM.
by Holbein, of William Fitzwilliam, earl of South- ampton, K.G., lord high admiral. Here are also portraits of
Henry Lloyd, a celebrated general, and writer on military affairs, who died 1783.
The right hon. William Pitt.
Samuel Parr, LL.D., by J. Lonsdale (presented by Edward Maltby, bishop of Durham).
Hugh Percy, duke of Northumberland, chancellor of the university.
Daniel Mesman, esq.
J. Nollekens, K.A. (presented by the rev. Richard Edward Kerrich, M.A.).
H. R. H. Prince Albert, chancellor of the university, by Saye.
Henry Philpott, D.D., late master of S. Catharine's college, and now bishop of Worcester.
The rev. Adam Sedgwick, M.A., Woodwardian professor (presented by William Whewell, D.D., master of Trinity college).
Amongst the busts are those of
Henry Herbert, ninth earl of Pembroke, by Roubilliac.
John Home Tooke, M.A., by Chantrey (presented by lady Chantrey, 1861).
George Basevi, esq., architect.
William Smyth, M.A., professor of modern history, by E. H. Baily, R.A. (presented by subscribers, 1851).
John Disney, esq., LL.D.
Edward Maltby, bishop of Durham, by Behnes.
The library contains a magnificent collection of engravings extending over many large atlas folios, books in divinity, general history, the histories of painters and engravers, topography, and the best writers in polite literature both of the Greek and Roman classics, and in the modern languages of
THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM. 103
England, France, and Italy. The topographical department boasts a magnificent copy of Piranesi's great and costly work on Rome. There are many richly illustrated MSS. and a valuable collection of MS. music principally of the great Italian com- posers of the 16th and 17th centuries, a part of which, by the permission of the university, was published by Mr. Vincent Novello.
Amongst the additions to the library we may mention a costly purchase of a series of the rare prints of Marco Antonio, and a large folio of origi- nal drawings by the celebrated painter Romney, presented by his son the rev. John Romney, B.D., sometime fellow of S. John's college.
The museum of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society (including the Litlington collection formed by William Webb, D.D., master of Clare college) is deposited in the northern room on the ground floor.
The regulations for admission to the museum and library are of a liberal character, and any person can on proper recommendation obtain the vice-chancellor's permission to copy any picture, print, or manuscript, under some limitation of time, and also in subordination to the regulations of the managing syndicate.
THE WOODWARDIAN OR GEOLOGICAL MUSEUM.
JOHN WOODWARD, M.D., who died 25th April, 1728, by his will (dated 1st October, 1727) be- queathed to the university his cabinets of english fossils to be reposited in such proper room or apartment as should be allotted by the university to the satis- faction of his executors. The collection being con- sidered incomplete without the remaining foreign cabinets described in Dr. Woodward's printed catalogues, the vice-chancellor was empowered by a grace of the senate passed 26th February, 1728-9, to purchase the foreign cabinets for a sum not exceeding £1000. This purchase being effected, the whole Woodwardian collection, english and foreign, came into the possession of the university, was arranged in five cabinets and was deposited in a small room contiguous to the Soph's
school.
Thomas Green, M.A., (Woodwardian professor
1778-88) added some valuable organic remains to the Woodwardian cabinets.
The rev. John Hailstone, M.A., (Woodwardian professor, 1788-1818 ) formed another distinct collection composed of many rare and beautiful simple minerals, and of specimens illustrative of the physical structure both of the British isles and
THE WOODWAKDIAN OR GEOLOGICAL MUSEUM. 105
of some portions of the continent. In this labour he was assisted by the munificence of various friends of the university.
The rev. Adam Sedgwick, M.A., who has held the Woodwardian professorship since 1818, for more than thirty years employed his long vacation in making a series of geological surveys chiefly confined to the British isles. The fruit of these surveys, carried on with great labour and at no small personal cost, was year by year conveyed to the university and arranged in new cabinets so long as it was possible to find a place for them. In a very few years however, all further arrangement became impossible, and the ponderous cases of fossils col- lected by the professor or contributed by his friends and fellow labourers were deposited in such places of security as could be found for them ; and in 1842 when the present museum (which is beneath the new buildings of the university library)(a) was first opened, an enormous collection, the accumulation of twenty previous years, was for the first time unpacked and made available to the public.
A duplicate series of foreign fossils (more than 20,000 in number) from the collection of count Minister was purchased from the Woodwardian fund in or about 1840.
There have been also recently purchased of M. Barrande a very fine series of paloaozoic fossils, and (out of a fund raised by subscription) from the
(a) The sum of £4,122. 5s. Id. was paid out of the fund accumulated from the income of the Woodwardian estates for the fittings of the museum between 1840 and 1843.
106 THE WOODWAEDIAN OR GEOLOGICAL MUSEUM.
rev. Thomas Image, M.A., formally of Corpus Christi college, an excellent secondary collection.
David Thomas Ansted, esq., M.A. of Jesus college; the rev. Samuel Bankes, M.A., rector of Cottenham ; L. Barrett, esq. ; Henry James Brookes, esq., F.E.S. of London; sir Francis Chantrey; the rev. W. B. Clarke, of Sydney, New South Wales ; the East Indian Company ; the earl of Enniskillen ; the rev. Osmond Fisher, M.A., fellow of Jesus college ; the rev J. Foster, of Wickersley ; the rev. William Lewes Pugh Garnons, B.D., fellow of Sidney college; the duke of Grafton, chancellor of the university; R. Griffith, esq. of Dublin; T. Hawkins, esq. ; the rev. John Stevens Henslow, M.A., professor of Botany ; William Hopkins, esq., M.A. of S. Peter's college; the rev. G. Jenkinson; T. S. Jones, esq. of Ely ; Richard Owen, esq., F.E.S. , Hunterian professor in the Royal college of Surgeons, London; James Packe, esq., M.A., fellow of King's college ; John Hutton Pollexfen, esq., M.A. of Queens' college ; professor H. Rogers, of the United States ; S. M. Saxby, esq. of the Isle of Wight ; the Royal college of Surgeons, London ; and the rev. William Haughton Stokes, M.A., fellow of Caius college, at various periods made additions to the collection.
Professor Ansted assisted professor Sedgwick with great zeal and ability for one or two years in bringing the collection into approximate order. After professor Ansted was called from Cambridge, professor Sedgwick engaged the assistance of Mr. Salter, an excellent naturalist and palaeontologist,
THE WOODWARDIAN OR GEOLOGICAL MUSEUM. 107
but before long he too was drawn away from Cam- bridge by a permanent appointment under govern- ment. In 1846 professor M'Coy was engaged in carrying out the final arrangement of the British and foreign fossils. Professors Ansted and M'Coy had small grants from the Woodwardian fund, but with these exceptions the whole cost of the arrangement, which was very considerable, has fallen on professor Sedgwick.
A detailed description by professor M'Coy of all the British palaeozoic fossils in the collection, with an introductory essay by professor Sedgwick, has been published. The plates and the drawings for them were executed at the cost of professor Sedgwick, the letter-press being contributed by the syndics of the Pitt press.
There is a small library in the museum, composed of books bequeathed by professor Green, and pre- sented by the nephew of the late professor Hailstone ; and some very valuable works purchased out of the Woodwardian fund.
THE MINERALOGICAL MUSEUM.
THE Mineralogical collection is deposited in a room contiguous to the Woodwardiaii museum beneath the new buildings of the university library. (0)
It consists of the collection of the late rev. Edward Daniel Clarke, LL.D., purchased by the university of his executors in 1823 for £1500; of some valuable specimens presented by the executors of the rev. Clement Robert Francis, M.A., fellow and tutor of Caius college; of a small but well selected series of specimens presented by the rev. William Whewell, D.D., master of Trinity college ; of the rich collection of minerals (including valu- able diamonds) made by the late sir Abraham Hume,(6) bart., and presented in 1841, by his grandson, John Hume Egerton, viscount Alford, M.A. of Magdalen college; of a collection, in many respects unrivalled, made by the late Henry James Brooke, esq., F.E.S., and presented in 1857 by his son Charles Brooke, esq., M.A., F.K.S. of S. John's college; of the collection of the late Henry Warburton, esq., M.A. of Trinity college, (which
(a) In 1841 and 1842 the university expended £735. 11s. 9rf. for the fittings of this museum.
(6) The Hume and Brooke collections are kept distinct from the rest of the minerals belonging to the university.
THE MINERALCGICAL MUSEUM. 109
includes the minerals formerly in the possession of William Hyde Wollaston, M.D.) presented in 1858, by Howard Warburton Elphinstone, esq., M.A. of Trinity college; and of minerals presented by the late marquess of Northampton, George Walsh Hallam, esq., LL.B. of Trinity hall, J. Hibbert, esq., Mrs. Calverley and others. There are also some scientific works presented by Dr. Whewell, who held the professorship of mineralogy from 1828 to 1832.
THE ANATOMICAL MUSEUM.
IN the Anatomical museum are preserved collec- tions illustrative of distinct branches of science, viz., of normal human anatomy, of pathological anatomy, and of comparative anatomy.
The museum originated in a small number of choice preparations which were presented to the university by Mr. Lawrence.
In May, 1815, the university purchased for £367. 10s. the museum of sir Busick Harwood, M.D. In 1819 £200 was expended in purchasing wax models, executed at Florence and Bologna under the direction of the rev. William Clark, who has held the professorship of anatomy from 1817. In 1830 £250 was paid for preparations purchased
..ttHMfK
In
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wax undoi*
•COMICAL MUSEUM.
roniical museum are
her of
od to ••
university ) od for
of sir Busifk Harwood,
expended in purchasing
Florence and Bologna
the rev. William Clark, who
of anatomy from 1817.
I for preparations purchased
THE ANATOMICAL MUSEUM. Ill
at the sale of Brooks's museum. In 1832 £100. 15s. was paid for foreign anatomical preparations. In 1836 the rare and valuable collection of Dr. Macartney, professor of anatomy in Trinity college, Dublin, was purchased for £1000.
Donations have also been made from time to time by members and Mends of the university. Dr. Clark, the present professor of anatomy, has pre- sented many of the finest specimens, and the whole collection is greatly enhanced in value by the long continued personal labour which he has bestowed upon it.
The anatomical collection was at first deposited in a building near Queens' college, known as the anatomical school.
The structure in which it is now kept, situate near S. Andrew's hill, was erected 1832-4 from a design by Charles Humfrey, esq., at the cost of £3,220. It comprises a lecture room and two small dissecting rooms.
THE OBSERVATORY.
WE have in our account of Trinity college alluded to the observatory which formerly occupied the leads of the King's gateway there.(a)
The present observatory, erected on a piece of land containing upwards of seven acres, near the Madingley road, purchased of S. John's college, was commenced in 1823, from a design of John C. Mead, esq., architect. The total cost of and incidental to the building was upwards of £19,000 of which £5644. 15s. Wd. was raised by a subscrip- tion set on foot in 1820.(6)
(a) Vol. II. p. 312. n. (&)
(b) Subjoined are the names of the principal contributors :
H. R. H. William Frederick, duke of Gloucester, chancellor of the university; John Henry Temple, viscount Palmerston ; John Henry Smyth, esq., M.P. ; Hugh Percy, duke of Northumberland; and John Hutton, esq., M.A. of Christ's college, 105 each.
THE OBSERVATO!
WE have in our account of Trinity college alluded
to the observatory wbi^h fori* ;I.UMJ. the
lead
• rl
• - •
'
ohn
•f and
?,000
ibscrip-
• -.W
ne* of thc-pii .:tx>rs:
, chancellor of the
John Henry Smyth,
: and John Hutton, esq.,
x*S"
THE OBSERVATORY. 113
The structure, which is on an eminence, is ap- proached by a handsome gateway through a well- arranged plantation and shrubbery. The principal front, which is about one hundred and sixty feet in length, has a projecting centre with two wings. The centre has a tetrastyle portico of Grecian Doric supporting a pediment. There is a low dome four- teen feet in diameter, which, although weighing upwards of three tons, is made to revolve. One wing contains apartments assigned to the Pluniian professor of astronomy, who has the care of the establishment; and the other those of the assistant observers.
The principal instruments in the observatory are a transit instrument of ten feet focal length by Dollond ; a mural circle of eight feet diameter by Troughton and Simnis, which was graduated on its pier; and an equatoreal of five feet focal length
Charles Manners Sutton, archbishop of Canterbury ; George Henry Fitzroy, duke of Grafton ; John Henry Manners, duke of Rutland ; William Lowther, earl of Lonsdale; and sir Henry Fitzherbert, bart. ; £100 each.
Philip Yorke, earl of Hardwicke, high steward of the university ; John Crichton Stuart, marquess of Bute ; Thomas Hyde Villiers, earl of Clarendon ; Bowyer Edward Sparke, bishop of Ely; right hon. Charles Manners Sutton (afterwards viscount Canterbury) ; John Lens, serjeant at law; and rev. Dr. Pearson, F.B.S., of East Sheen ; £52 10s. each.
Henry Fitzmaurice, marquess of Lansdowne ; Frederick Howard, earl of Carlisle ; William Stuart, archbishop of Armagh ; Robert Saunders Dundas, viscount Melville; William Lort Mansel, bishop of Bristol; Herbert Marsh, bishop of Peterborough ; George Gough Calthorpe, lord Calthorpe ; sir Richard Sutton, bart., of Trinity college; Thomas Le Blanc, L.L.D., master of Trinity hall ; William Hyde Wollaston, M.D. of Caius college ; Robert Woodhouse, M.A., Lucasian professor; rev. William Lax, M.A., Lowndean professor; Thomas Catton, B.D., president of S. John's college; John Barber Scott, esq., M.A. of Emmanuel college; William Portal, esq., M.A. of S. John's college ; Thomas Penny White, M.A., of Queens' college ; and Henry Horatio Hayes, M.A. of Trinity college ; £50 each.
I
114 THE OBSERVATORY.
with declination circle of three feet diameter and hour circle of two feet diameter by Jones. The transit clock is by Hardy. There are also two other clocks, one by Molyneux and Cope, and one by Graham, with several smaller instru- ments, of which some have been purchased by the Plumian professors, and others have been bought by the university or have been presented by individuals.
In 1835 a magnificent telescope of nearly twelve inches aperture and twenty feet focal length, made by M. Cauchoix of Paris, was presented by the duke of Northumberland. His grace at the same time intimated his wish to be allowed to present the telescope in a complete working state. A build- ing was accordingly erected near the observatory, with a revolving dome twenty-seven feet in diameter, and the equatoreal mounting of the telescope was completed under the superintendence of George Biddell Airy, esq., M.A., astronomer royal, late Plumian professor.
The observations made 1828-1848 have been published at the expense of the syndics of the Pitt press, and copies have been distributed to the principal observatories and academies in England and abroad, as well as to several private observers.
There is a library of astronomical works at the observatory, formed partly by purchases made by the university, and partly by presents from other observatories and from scientific institu- tions.
THE OBSERVATORY. 115
The observatory is under the superintendence of a syndicate, who, with the Plumian trustees and the Plumian and Lowndean professors, at least once in each term visit the observatory, and make an annual report of its state and the proceedings of the previous year, to the senate.
THE BOTANIC GARDEN.
ABOUT 1588 John Gerard the famous herbalist, appears to have been desirous of being employed by the university in laying out a physic garden here. There is extant a recommendatory letter drawn up by him for the signature of his patron lord Burghley, the chancellor of the university. It is however uncertain whether the letter were actually sent.
In 1695 an unsuccessful attempt was made to establish a public physic garden in Cambridge. The project was renewed in 1724 and 1731.
Richard Walker, D.D., vice-master of Trinity college, expended £1600 for the purchase of free- hold and leasehold premises in the parishes of S. Edward and S. Benedict (part whereof was a portion of the dissolved priory of S. Augustine) for the purpose of a botanic garden, conveying the same to the university by indentures of lease and re- lease, dated 24th and 25th August, 1761. He also settled £50 per annum towards the payment of a reader in botany, and a curator or superin- tendent of the garden.
The rev. Edward Betham, M.A., fellow of King's college, gave £2000, £3 per cent, bank annuities, for the purposes of the garden.
THE BOTANIC GAKDEN. 117
A public subscription in aid of the garden was entered into in 1762 and the following donations were made between that period and 1783 :
£. s. d.
Trinity college, £100 ; King's college, £50 ; S. John's college, £31. 10s. ; Trinity hall, £30 ; Corpus Christi college, £25. 5s. ; Sidney college, £21; Caius college, £20 ; Pembroke hall, £5. 5s. 313 0 0
Thomas Holies Pelham, duke of Newcastle, chancellor of the university ; Philip Yorke, earl of Hardwicke, high steward of the university ; Charles Maynard, viscount Maynard ; William Greaves, esq., M.A., commissary of the university, £100 each. 400 0 0
John Green, bishop of Lincoln £80 ; Charles Manners, marquess of Granby, £52. 10s. 132 10 0
Thomas Hay, earl of Kinnoul, recorder of Cambridge ; hon. Edward Finch, M.P. for the university ; Walter Titley, esq., minister at the court of Denmark ; Robert Smith, D.D., master of Trinity college ; hon. Thomas Townshend, M.P. for the university ; Francis Hooper, D.D. fellow of Trinity college ; Edwin Lascelles, esq., £50 each. 350 0 0
William Heberden, M.D., £42 ; Robert Taylor, M.D., £42 ; John Newcome, D.D., dean of Roches- ter, and master of S. John's college, £40 ; John Ord, esq., master in chancery, £30 ; Henry Hubbard, B.D., fellow of Emmanuel college, £28. 8s. ; sir James Burrough, master of Caius college, £25 ; Roger Pettiward, D.D., chancellor of the diocese of Chichester, £25 ; Frederick Montagu, esq., of Trinity college, £25; Thomas Bromley, lord Montfort, high steward of the town of Cambridge, £21 ; Robert Glynn, M.D., fellow of King's college, £21; Thomas Hayes, of Chester, M.D., £20; Thomas Watson, M.D., £20; John Fothergill, M.D., £20 ; Stephen Whisson, B.D., fellow of Trinity college, £20 . . . . 379 8 0
Rev. Edward Betham, M.A., fellow of King's
118 THE BOTANIC GARDEN.
college, (besides the donation of stock) £17. 17s. ; £. s. d. William Samuel Powell, D.D., master of S. John's college, £15. 15s. : Hen Vane, LL.D., canon of Durham, £10. 10s. ; Charlton Wollaston, M.D., £10. 10s.; John Allen B.D., fellow of Trinity college, £10. 10s.; Charles Collignon, M.D., pro- fessor of anatomy, £6. 6s. . . 71 8 0
William Elliston, D.D., master of Sidney college ; John Martyn, professor of botany ; Thomas Martyn, B.D., professor of botany ; — Mainwaring, of Chester, M.D. ; Mr. Goodwin ; Mr. Sharpe ; £5. 5s. each . . . . 31 10 0
Smaller gifts by members of the university and inhabitants of the town . . , . 55 13 0
£1733 9 0
By a private act which received the royal assent 30th March, 1831, effect were given to an exchange between the university and Trinity hall, and the university was authorised to remove the botanic garden to a piece of land in the parish of S. Andrew the less containing upwards of thirty-eight acres, then held under a lease from Trinity hall which expired at Michaelmas, 1844.
Soon after the expiration of the lease twenty- one acres of the land were laid out as the botanic garden, the old garden being thereupon abandoned.
The garden is under the government of the vice-chancellor, the provost of King's college, the masters of Trinity and S. John's colleges, the Regius professor of physic, and six members of the senate appointed by grace.
It is open daily during hours appointed by the governors to all graduates of the university, all
THE BOTANIC GARDEN. 119
undergraduates giving their names and colleges if required, and all respectably dressed strangers on condition of giving their names and addresses if required.
Servants with children and children by them- selves are not admitted, nor are persons with dogs.
The hothouses may be viewed from one o'clock till four by persons accompanied by the curator.
GATEHOUSE, 1773.
THE CASTLE.
IT is probable that the spot on which the castle stood, was originally occupied by a small Roman camp.
William the conqueror on his return from the reduction of York in 1068, erected a castle here. Twenty-seven houses were destroyed to make room for the structure. (a)
(a) Gervase of Tilbury has preserved a wild legend connected with Cambridge castle which belongs to a date not much after the beginning of the twelfth century. It appears that at that time the ancient encampment of Vandlebury, on the summit of Gogmagog hill, was believed to be haunted by unearthly beings ; and that a spectral knight, well mounted and armed, attended to offer combat to the venturous mortal who should challenge him within the inclosure after nightfall. A strange knight, named Osborn, came to Cambridge castle, and heard in the castle hall the story of this nocturnal combatant. He left the company unperceived, hastened to Vandlebury attended only by his esquire, engaged the spectral
. 1773.
THE CASTLE.
IT is probable that the stood, jvas originally occupied by
.
ing of
to be night, -well mofiHflK
•rtal who
rd in the castle hall >& the com]'
THE CASTLE. 121
About 1189, Richard I. committed the custody of this castle to William de Longcamp, bishop of Ely, his chancellor and great favourite.
King John by writ, dated 26th January, 1200-1, required Eustace bishop of Ely, to deliver the castle of Cambridge to Hamo de Valon, sheriff of the counties of Cambridge and Huntingdon, together with all things and stores as the bishop had re- ceived the same, and by another writ, dated 27th November, 1204, the sheriff of the county was commanded to repair the houses and gate of the castle of Cambridge, the expence whereof, as by the view and testimony of lawful men, was to be accounted to him at the exchequer.
On 17th April, 1208, king John committed the custody of the castle of Cambridge, together with the counties of Cambridge and Huntingdon, to Fulk the son of Theobald, for seven years from Easter in the eighth year of the king's reign. For this concession he gave the king one hundred and twenty marks and three palfreys, and was to render £100 per annum in addition to the accustomed farm.
By letters dated 23rd May, 1212, Fulk the son of Theobald, was commanded by the king to deliver the castle of Cambridge to William earl of Sarum,
knight and vanquished him, bringing away his horse as a trophy of his victory. He was led in triumph into the castle, and the horse, which was of jetty black hue, was tied up with strong ropes in the court, where it was watched all night by a crowd of people. As the morning approached, the steed became more and more furious, till, at the crowing of the cock, it burst asunder its bonds, and darting across the court, disappeared from view. The knight had been wounded in the combat, and, after his hurt had been apparently healed, it broke out afresh every year on the same night which had witnessed his adventure on Gogmagog hill.
122 THE CASTLE.
to whom the king had granted the counties of Cam- bridge and Huntingdon during his pleasure.
Engell de Cigoni occurs as constable of Cambridge castle in 1214. On 16th of August in that year, the king by writ dated at Nottingham, notified that he had sent to him sir Thomas de Erdinton and Henry de Ver to signify certain things which could not be communicated by writing, and he was required to give them credence in all matters relative to the custody of the king's castles and possessions.
King John was at Cambridge, 16th and 17th of September, 1216. On his departure he left the castle in the custody of the famous Falcasius de Brent. It was soon afterwards however taken by the con- federated barons, who made prisoners of the garrison consisting of only twenty men.
By an inquisition taken in 1278, it was found that the castle of Cambridge belonged to the king, and was in the custody of the sheriff of the county. One messuage and three pieces of land are specified as held of the fee of the castle at rents paid to the sheriff, and amounting in the whole to 2s. 6d. per annum. Various persons who held estates in the county, also paid the sheriff small annual sums as castleguard. Pertaining to the castle was a warren, the bounds of which are set forth. (a)
Edward I. was at Cambridge, 25th March, 1293. He stayed two days and nights, and lodged in the
(a) A commission respecting the free warren belonging to the castle of Cambridge, which extended into the parishes of Chesterton, Milton, Histon , Cottenham, Girton, Landbeach, and Waterbeach, was issued by Henry IV. in 1400.— Clay's Landbeach, 9.
THE CASTLE. 123
castle where no king had been known to have lain before. The same monarch in 1299 assigned this castle to his queen Margaret as part of her dowry.
The castle was used for the confinement of de- linquents at least as early as 1317. On the 3rd of June in that year, Edward II. granted to the univer- sity, that if a layman should inflict a grievous hurt upon a clerk, or a clerk upon a layman, he should be immediately arrested and imprisoned in the castle until he should be delivered by reasonable satisfac- tion, or at the demand of the chancellor. We find the same monarch in 1321 directing the sheriff to furnish the castle with victuals and other neces- saries out of the issues of his bailiwick, and on the 6th of August, 1323, he directed the constable of the castle to keep the prisoners therein in safe and secure custody, so that he might be able to answer for them at the king's command.
In 1337, the burgesses of the town petitioned par- liament against various grants made by Edward II. to the university. As regarded the grant empower- ing imprisonment in the castle, they averred that that edifice was without the liberty of the town,(a) and consequently that the grant was repugnant to the privilege which they had, that the burgesses should not be impleaded out of the borough.
On the 7th of May, 1340, Edward III. granted to William marquess of Juliers and earl of Cambridge, the castle of Cambridge, (except the gaol) to be held by the service of the fourth part of a knight's fee. By a writ dated loth December, 1341, the marquess or
(a) The castle forms part of the parish of Chesterton.
124 THE CASTLE.
his attorney or locum tenens in the castle, was commanded to deliver the gaol to Warm de Bassing- bourn, the sheriff of the county, and to permit him to have free ingress to and egress from the same at the gate of the castle.
Edward III. pulled down some of the materials and applied them to the erection of King's hall.
In 1352, William de Nolton had a grant from Edward III. of lands in Litlington in the county of Cambridge, to be held by the service of holding the king's stirrup whensoever he should mount his palfrey at the castle of Cambridge.
William de Muschett was constable of Cambridge castle in 1359, when a writ was issued requiring the constable of Nottingham castle to remove sir John de Molyns, knight, to Cambridge castle, to be there confined with Egida his wife.
On 20th February, 1366-7, Edward III. directed a commission to Almaric de Shirlonde and John de Newenham, to enquire as to the dilapidations of the walls, turrets, houses, and buildings of the castle.
Sir Baldwin St. George occurs as constable of the castle in 1376.
Richard II. by a charter to the university, 10th December, 1383, empowered the chancellor to im- prison persons convicted before him in the castle of Cambridge or elsewhere in the town, and required the sheriff of the county or keeper of the castle to receive keep and deliver all such transgressors at the chancellor's command.
William Clypston held the office of constable of the castle in the first year of Henry IV.
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THE CASTLE. 125
Henry V. gave stones and timber for the castle hall to the master and fellows of King's hall for building their chapel.
Arthur Agard the antiquary, who became a student of Queens' college in 1553, says that at that period the keep of the castle was entire, adding that it had been since demolished.
In the reign of Mary the ruins of the castle furnished materials for building Trinity college chapel, and the mansion of sir John Huddlestone, at Sawston.
Dr. Caius, referring to 1574 or thereabouts, states that the castle was then nearly destroyed and pre- served only as a session house for the judges, and a prison for thieves.
Charles I. in 1632 granted the castle in fee farm to Henry Brown and John Cliffe, in trust for the justices of the peace for the county. It had been long previously used as the county prison, and as the place for holding the assizes and county sessions.
Dr. Fuller, referring to about 1634, informs us that the gatehouse was the only portion of the castle which was then left standing, and that it was em- ployed for a prison, " so that what was first intended to restrain rebels without it, is now only used to confine felons within it."
Oliver Cromwell in 1642 seized the magazine in the castle for the parliament. Additional works were soon after erected at the castle, and above fifteen houses were pulled down. Henry Mildmay, esq.,(a)
(a) He was of Graces in Baddow, Essex, which county he represented in parliament. He did not die till 1692.
126
THE CASTLE.
a colonel of horse for the parliament, was constituted governor of the castle. The parliament soldiers seized the timber and stone which had been provided for rebuilding Clare hall, and used the same at the castle. On the 12th of July, 1643, the governor of the castle reported to the parliament that the town and castle were very strongly fortified, being en- compassed with breastworks and bulwarks : and on the 20th the commons ordered the deputy lieutenants of the associated counties to send forces to Cambridge for defence of the castle.
On the 15th of August, 1645, the parliamentary committee at Cambridge sent a letter to the speaker of the house of commons complaining of want of money for the soldiers in the castle. In this letter they state the castle to be very considerable in strength.
The parliament on the 13th of July, 1647, voted that the new works raised about the town and castle of Cambridge since the beginning of the troubles should be slighted and reduced to the condition they were in before the war.
The appearance of the gatehouse in 1773 is shewn in the preceding wood-cut, taken from Grose's Antiquities.
The present county gaol was commenced within the castle precincts in 1802, from the designs of Mr. Byfield. The first stone was laid on the 18th of October in that year. Part of the materials of the castle were sold by direction of the county magis- trates in or about 1808.
THE CASTLE.
127
SHIREHOUSE.
A handsome and commodious shirehouse, (a) within the precincts of the castle, was completed in 1842, being opened on the 21st of October, on which day the general quarter sessions for the county were held there. The architects were Messrs. Wyatt and Brandon.
To the inexpressible regret of all lovers of an- tiquity, the spacious and massive gatehouse of the castle was removed to make way for the shirehouse.
(a) On 18th March, 1571-2, the corporation empowered Roger lord North to build a house within the market place, for the justices to sit in at assizes and sessions, but the design was not carried out.
On 2nd April, 1746, the corporation demised for 999 years to trustees for the county, land on the Market hill immediately adjoining to the Guildhall, for the erection of a shirehouse, which was accordingly erected at the charge of the county. Although a most incommodious building it was used for the assizes and county sessions till 1842, when the county magistrates surrendered the lease to the corporation.
128
THE CASTLE.
The wood-cut at the end of this article exhibits the appearance of the gatehouse immediately before its demolition.
The hill and some earthworks are all that remain to mark the site of the castle of Cambridge.
British and Roman coins and other antiquities have been found at various periods 011 the site, and in the immediate neighbourhood of the castle.
GATEHOUSE, 1840.
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THE GUILDHALL.
HENEY I. granted to the burgesses of Cambridge that they might hold their town at farm, they paying to him the same sum which the sheriff of the county had previously been accustomed to render. He also granted a charter, which appears to have been intended to secure to the town a monopoly of the trade of the county, and to pro- vide for the inhabitants the benefit of a domestic judicature.
On the death of Henry I. that monarch's grant of the town to the burgesses ceased to have validity. In 1185, they paid to Henry II. three hundred marks and a mark of gold for a renewed grant. They also paid a fine to Richard I. for having their town again at farm.
Immediately after the accession of king John, the burgesses acknowledged to owe that monarch two hundred and fifty marks for having the town at farm, and that they might enjoy the same liberties as the king's free and demesne boroughs which had liberties, and accordingly by a charter dated 8th of January, 1200-1, he granted to the burgesses a mer- catorial gild, freedom from toll and other privileges and franchises. In this charter the customs of the borough and the ancient law thereof existing in
VOL. III. K
130 THE GUILDHALL.
the time of the king's ancestors are expressly re- cognized.
King John by another charter, dated 8th of May, 1207, granted the town of Cambridge in meadows and feedings, mills, pools and waters, with all liberties and free customs, to the burgesses for ever, they paying at the exchequer £60 yearly. He also empowered them to make of themselves a provost, whom they would and when they would.
The chief officer of the town was designated the mayor at least as early as 1235, but the first mayor whose name is on record is William le Rus, who held the office in 1261.
Henry III. confirmed king John's charters, and granted the burgesses the return of writs and the right to elect coroners, and to have exclusive juris- diction in replevin and all other actions arising in the borough, or relating to lands therein. Edward I. confirmed these charters 24th of November, 1280. On 27th of November, 1313, Edward II. also con- firmed them and granted additional franchises to the burgesses.
Richard II. confirmed the town charters on the 8th of December, 1377. In June, 1381, there were pro- digious riots in Cambridge. The leading members of the corporation took an active part in these dis- turbances, and compelled the university to execute deeds renouncing all their privileges. These transac- tions soon afterwards became the subject of inves- tigation in parliament. The franchises of the town were seized into the king's hands as forfeited, but were, with certain exceptions, regranted 17th of
THE GUILDHALL. 131
February, 1381-2, a slight increase being made in the amount of the annual fee farm rent payable to the sovereign.
On the 9th of December, 1385, Richard II. granted to the burgesses all fines and forfeitures arising in the town, as also the goods of felons, fugitives, and outlaws.
Confirmatory charters were granted to the town by Henry IV., Henry V., Henry VI., Edward IV., Henry VIII. and Edward VI. *
Queen Elizabeth by charter dated 15th of August, 1589, granted Sturbridge fair to the corporation, with ample powers to make ordinances, rules, and statutes for the government thereof.
A charter was granted to the corporation by James I. 30th of April, 1605. In 1616, the corpo- ration made an ineffectual application for a charter enlarging their privileges and restoring Cambridge to its ancient honour and dignity as a city.
Charles I. on 6th of February, 1631-2, granted a charter, whereby the number of the aldermen was fixed at twelve and of the common councilmen at twenty-four.
The corporation on llth of November, 1684, surrendered all their franchises to Charles II., who on 3rd of January, 1684-5, granted a new charter whereby he reserved the power of removing all officers at the pleasure of the crown. All the ancient charters of the town were however restored by a proclamation of James II., dated 17th of October, 1688.
Under the municipal corporations act (5 & 6,
K2
132 THE GUILDHALL.
Will. IV. c. 76), the town is now governed by a council, consisting of ten aldermen and thirty coun- cillors, from amongst whom the mayor is annually elected.
The town is divided into wards as follows, six councillors being assigned to each ward.
1. EAST BARN WELL WARD, S. Mary the less and part of S. Andrew the less.
2. WEST BARN WELL WARD, S. Benedict and part of S. Andrew the less.
3. MARKET WARD, S. Mary the great, S. Giles, and S. Edward.
4. TRINITY WARD, S. Botolph, S. Clement, Holy Sepul- chre, and Holy Trinity.
5. S. ANDREW'S WARD, All Saints, S. Andrew the great, S. Michael, and S. Peter.
The Cambridge Corporation Act, 1850, and the Cambridge Award Act, 1856, contain numerous provisions relating to the government of the town. Under the latter of these acts, which confirms an award made by the late right hon. sir John Patteson on certain matters in difference between the uni- versity and town, the police is placed under the controul of a Watch committee, consisting of the mayor, nine other members of the council, and five members of the senate elected annually.
The paving, drainage and lighting of the town are regulated by the Cambridge Improvement com- missioners, who consist of certain members of the university, fifteen members of the council, and twenty-eight inhabitants elected by the several parishes. These commissioners derive their powers under local acts passed in 1788, 1794, and 1846.
THE GUILDHALL. 133
The town has a separate court of quarter sessions, over which the recorder (who is appointed by the crown) presides as sole judge. The vice-chancellor of the university, the mayor, and the ex-mayor are justices of the peace ex-officio. Other justices of the peace are appointed by the crown from time to time as occasion arises.
A court of pleas held before the recorder, has jurisdiction over all actions real, personal or mixed, arising within the town, without any limit as re- spects amount.
At a very early period the burgesses possessed a common hall. It is supposed to have been situate on Peas hill in the parish of S. Edward.
In 1224, the burgesses [offered Henry III. a fine of forty marks that they might have a house in Cambridge which had belonged to Benjamin the jew, in order to make thereof a gaol for the town, they rendering to the king for the same one mark annually, and also two shillings per annum to the chief lord of the house. On 15th of October in that year, the king commanded the sheriff of the county to put them in possession of this house, on their giving good security for the fine and rent.
This house had been previously a Jewish syna- gogue. On digging on the spot in 1782, for the foundations of buildings then commenced, several gravestones were discovered. One had an imperfect hebrew inscription to this effect, " The sepulchral stone of Israel who died "
A portion of the house of Benjamin or the old synagogue, was assigned by the burgesses to the
134 THE GUILDHALL.
Franciscan friars on their first settlement in Cam- bridge, the other part being used as a gaol. The friars after a few years removed to the spot now occupied by Sidney college, and then the burgesses appear to have converted the portion of the house of Benjamin which the Mars had held into a Guildhall. The whole structure (both Guildhall and prison) was popularly known as the Tolbooth, although the term Guildhall is usually employed in records to designate the part in which courts and corporate assemblies were held.
The foundation of a new Tolbooth in the parish of S. Mary the great was laid in 1386, the structure being completed in the following year.
It appears from entries in the corporation books, that the Guildhall portion of the Tolbooth consisted of the hall, the parlour (wherein the mayor and aldermen held their meetings), the pantry (wherein the twenty-four or common-couneilmen assembled) and the kitchen.
The Tolbooth being very old and dilapidated, was taken down in 1782, when a new Guildhall was commenced on the site from the designs of James Essex, F.S.A. The earl of Kinnoul the recorder, contributed £100, and the hon. Philip Yorke, M.P. for the county £200. Money was also raised by the admission of a number of honorary freemen, who paid a fine of thirty guineas each. The total cost was £2,500, and the new building was opened for public business on the 25th of May, 1784. In 1790, the gaol was removed to another site.
In I860, the corporation having purchased the
THE GUILDHALL. 135
leasehold interests in certain adjoining premises, commenced extensive additions to the Guildhall. The works have only recently been completed. The cost including the purchase of leases is above £12,000. More than £6000 has been voted from the borough fund, the residue having been raised by a subscription set on foot by Rowland Morris Fawcett, esq., to whose zeal and indefatigable exertions in this matter the town is deeply indebted/"0
The new buildings are portions of an extensive plan by Messrs. Peck and Stephens, architects of Maidstone, which was selected after a public competition.
The old Shirehouse, which, as before related, came into the possession of the corporation in 1842, is erected on arches and has a plain and unpre- tending front towards the Market hill. One room
(a) The following is a list of the subscribers of £50 and upwards. Henry John Adeane, esq. M.P. £50; H. R. H. Albert prince consort, chancellor of the university, £100; William Henry Bateson, D.D., master of S.John's college, £60; Caius college, £100; Cambridge Horticultural society, £105; William Cavendish, duke of Devonshire, chancellor of the university and high-steward of the town, £100; Corpus Christi college, £50; Edward Humphreys Green De Freville, esq., of Ickleton, £50; Rowland Morris Fawcett, esq., £60 ; Charles Finch, esq., £50 ; Charles Finch Foster, esq., alderman, £100; Ebenezer Foster, esq., £100; George Ebenezer Foster, esq., £100; Henry Staples Foster, esq., alderman, £50 ; Clement Francis, esq., M.A., £50 ; Thomas Charles Geldart, LL.D., master of Trinity hall, £50 ; William Parker Hamond, esq., of Pampisford, £100; John Hibbert, esq., of Braywick, Berkshire, £100; George Murray Humphrey, M.D., £150; Mr. William Eaden Lilley, £50; Thomas Mort- lock, esq. M.A., £100; Thomas Musgrave, archbishop of York, £50; Henry Philpott, D.D., master of S. Catharine's college, (now bishop of Worcester), £121 ; Francis Russell, duke of Bedford, high steward of the town, £100 ; Mr. Robert Sayle, £100; Mr. Henry Joseph Wetenhall, £50; William Whewell, D.D., master of Trinity college, £100; Charles Philip Yorke, earl of Hardwicke, lord-lieutenant of the county, £50.
136 THE GUILDHALL.
is used as a council-chamber, the other as a court room for the quarter sessions and the meetings of the magistrates.
Separated from this structure by a narrow street, over which is a covered gallery, is the portion of the Guildhall erected from the plan of Mr. Essex. A small part of this building has been taken down for the erection of the great hall hereafter mentioned. The residue forms a small assembly room, over which is a suite of apartments recently added, and occupied by the School of Art.
On the south side of the small assembly room is a convenient and well proportioned apartment known as the Alderman's parlour, which was erected about 1790.
The great hall just completed from the design of Messrs. Peck and Stephens, is one hundred and ten feet in length, fifty-two in breadth, and forty- one in height. It is a very noble apartment, having a richly decorated roof. At the northern end is a small gallery, and the southern end, which has a circular termination, is occupied by a well constructed orchestra of the depth of twenty-four feet. From the ceiling are suspended five handsome ormolu chandeliers (now adapted for gas lights), presented in 1820. The larger one, which is in the centre, was the gift of the duke of Rutland, high-steward. Of the smaller chandeliers, on<5 pair was given by lieut.-col. Trench, M.P., and the other by Charles Maddryll Cheere, esq., M.P.
Underneath the southern end of the great hall are convenient apartments appropriated to the pur-
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THE GUILDHALL. 137
poses of a Free Library. (a) There is a separate entrance in Wheeler street to this part of the building.
In the court room is a bust of sir Robert Henry Blossett, chief-justice in Bengal, formerly deputy recorder. A curious old portrait on panel of the
(a) The Free Library was established in pursuance of a vote of the burgesses taken 1st of March, 1853, when eight hundred and seventy- three votes were recorded in its favour, and only seventy-eight against it.
The sum of £364. 19s. 6d. was raised by subscription to defray prelimi- nary expences and to purchase books. Of this sum £150 was contributed by Charles Finch Foster, esq., alderman, and £50 by George Ebenezer Foster, esq.
The library was opened to the public 28th of June, 1855, and is principally supported by a grant of £200 per annum from the Borough fund. The management is delegated to a committee consisting of thirteen members of the council and as many inhabitants who are not of that body. It contains a collection of about eight thousand volumes, and there is a good supply of newspapers and periodicals. Previously to the completion of the new Guildhall buildings, the Free Library was deposited in the Friends' Meeting-house in Jesus lane.
In the year ending June, 1861, the number of visitors to the reading- room was 49,346, and during the same period 29,195 volumes were issued. Of this number 24,925 were from the lending library.
Attached to the library is a small museum.
The voluminous and valuable publications of Her Majesty's Commis- sioners of Patents are deposited in this library.
On the dissolution of the Cambridge and Cambridgeshire Mechanics Institute in September, 1858, the members presented 1193 volumes to this library, and Mr. James Reynolds has at various periods given about 1300 volumes.
Amongst the other donors of books and curiosities, may be mentioned A. S. Adair, esq.; G. B. Airy, esq., M.A., astronomer royal; H. R. H. Albert prince consort; C. C. Babington, esq., professor of botany; rev. Churchill Babington, B.D. ; Patrick Beales, esq. ; Mr. Joseph Bright ; rev. W. Carus, M.A. ; rev. Charles Clayton, M.A. ; Mr. George Dawson ; Mr. A. Deck ; Mrs. Evans ; C. Finch, esq. ; Harvey Goodwin, D.D., dean of Ely ; Mr. Edmond Foster ; Mr. H. T. Hall ; H. H. Harris, esq., alder- man; J. A. Jeremie, D.D., regius professor of divinity; Mr. E. Litchfield; Mr. A. Macmillan; rev. J. E. B. Mayor, M.A.; W. H. Miller, esq., M.A., professor of mineralogy ; Robert Potts, esq., M.A. ; R. C. Trench, D.D., dean of Westminster ; Mr. H. J. Wetenhall ; and William Whewell, D.D., master of Trinity college.
138 THE GUILDHALL.
celebrated Thomas Hobson the benevolent carrier, who is delineated on horseback, and a large picture by Thomas Henry Gregg, representing the right hon. Thomas Spring-Kice (now lord Monteagle), and George Pryme, esq., elected members of parliament for the town, 12th of December, 1832, are in other parts of the building.
Subjoined are lists of some of the principal officers of the corporation : —
MAYORS. — 1836, (Jan. 1), Thomas Hovell, esq. ; (Nov. 9), Ebenezer Foster, esq. ; 1837, Charles Humfrey, esq. ; 1838, Henry Headly, esq. ; 1839, Richard Foster, esq. ; 1840, 1841, George Fisher, esq. ; 1842, Thomas Stevenson, esq. ; 1843, Rowland Morris Fawcett, esq.; 1844, William Bishop, esq. ; 1845, Joseph Jonathan Deighton, esq. ; 1846, Charles Edward Brown, esq. ; 1847, Charles Finch Foster, esq. ; 1848, Charles Finch, esq. ; 1850, Henry Staples Foster, esq. ; 1851, Elliot Smith, esq. ; 1852, Henry Hemington Harris, esq. ; 1853, Augustine Gutteridge Brimley, esq. ; 1854, Charles Finch Foster, esq. ; 1855, William Ekin, esq. ; 1856, Patrick Beales, esq. ; 1857, Swann Hurrell, esq. ; 1858, Charles Balls, esq.; 1859, Elliot Smith, esq.; 1860, 1861, Charles Finch Foster, esq.
HIGH STEWARDS. — 1529, Thomas Howard, duke of Nor- folk, K.G. ; 1547, Edward Seymour, duke of Somerset, K.G. ; 1552, John Dudley, duke of Northumberland, K.G. ; 1554, Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk, K.G. ; 1572, Roger North, lord North ; 1600, sir Thomas Egerton, lord keeper, afterwards lord Ellesmere and viscount Brackley ; 1617, sir Francis Bacon, lord chancellor, afterwards lord Verulam and viscount S. Alban's; 1626, sir Thomas Coventry, lord-keeper, afterwards lord Coventry; 1639, sir John Finch, lord-keeper, afterwards lord Finch of Fordwich ; 1652, Oliver Cromwell, esq., after- wards lord-protector; 1660, sir Edward Hyde, lord chancellor, afterwards earl of Clarendon; 1670, sir Thomas Chicheley; 1688, Henry Jermyn, lord Jermyn of Dover ; 1688, sir Thomas
THE GUILDHALL. 139
Chicheley, restored; 1698, Edward Kussell, earl of Orford; 1727, Edward Harley, earl of Oxford and earl Mortimer; 1741, Henry Bromley, lord Montfort; 1755, Thomas Bromley, lord Montfort ; 1800, John Henry Manners, duke of Rutland, K.G. ; 1836, Francis Godolphin Osborne, lord Godolphin ; 1850, Charles Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, earl Fitzwilliam, K.G. ; 1857, Thomas Babington Macaulay, lord Macaulay; 1860, Francis Russell, duke of Bedford, K.G. ; 1861, William Caven- dish, duke of Devonshire, K.G.
RECORDERS. — 1489, John Woode, esq. ; 1520, John Hynde, serjeant-at-law (afterwards justice of the common pleas) ; 1545, William Cooke, esq. (afterwards serjeant-at-law and eventually justice of the common pleas) ; 1552, George Freville, esq. (afterwards baron of the exchequer) ; 1558, Robert Shute, esq. (afterwards baron of the exchequer, and eventually justice of the queen's bench) ; 1570, Henry Carey, lord Hunsdon, K.G. ; [Francis Brackyn, esq., deputy] ; 1595, sir Thomas Egerton, afterwards successively lord-keeper, lord-chancellor, lord Elles- mere and viscount Brackley ; 1600, sir John Fortescue ; 1607, Francis Brackyn, esq.; 1624, Talbot Pepys, esq.; 1660, Roger Pepys, esq. ; 1678, William Allington, lord Allington ; [1679, Robert Wright, esq., deputy] ; 1684, sir Robert Wright, baron of the exchequer, afterwards chief-justice of the king's bench ; 1689, William Russell, earl of Bedford, afterwards duke of Bedford; [1690, Tanfield Leman, esq., deputy] ; 1700, Robert Drake, esq. ; 1702, sir John Cotton ; [John Welbore, esq., deputy] ; 1712-13, Samuel Gatward, esq.; 1742, Samuel Henry Pont, esq. ; 1758, Thomas Hay, viscount Dupplin, afterwards earl of Kinnoul ; [1758, Edward Leeds, esq., deputy; 1769, Charles Nalson Cole, esq., deputy] ; 1788, John Mortlock, esq. ; 1788, Henry Somerset, duke of Beaufort; 1799, John Henry Manners, duke of Rutland; 1800, Lord Charles Somerset Manners; [1818, Robert Henry Blossett, serjeant-at-law, after- wards a knight and chief justice in Bengal, deputy ; 1822, Henry Storks, esq., deputy] ; 1836, Henry Storks, serjeant-at- law; 1858, Robert Milnes Newton, esq.
TOWN CLERKS.— 15..., John Thirleby; 1557, Edward Ball; 1596, Henry Slegge; 1628, Roger Slegge; 1629, North Harrison; 1631, John Harrison; 1660, Samuel Spalding, alder-
140 THE GUILDHALL.
man ; [John Sell, deputy] ; 1666, Edward Law, alderman ; 1674, William Baron; 1688, Francis Webb; 1688, William Baron, restored; 1694, John Pyke; 1707, Thomas Fox, jun., alderman; 1719, Charles Chambers, alderman; [John York, deputy]; 1732, Guy Sindrey, alderman; [1733, Thomas John- son, deputy ; 1736, William Cropley, deputy] ; 1740, Thomas York, alderman ; 1756, James Day ; 1788, Kobert White ; 1817, Pearse White; 1819, George Busby White; [1823, Christopher Hore, deputy] ; 1830, Charles Pestell Harris ; [Aaron Chevell, deputy] ; 1836, Francis John Gunning; 1840, Charles Pestell Harris, restored ; [Orlando Hyde, deputy] ; 1849, Charles Henry Cooper.
CLEEKS OP THE PEACE. — 1836, William Garfit Ashton ; 1855, William Cockerell.
TREASURERS. — 1794, John Spencer; 1819, John Spencer; 1836, William Herring Smith; 1857, Patrick Beales, jun.
CORONERS. — 1836, Charles Henry Cooper; 1849, David King; 1858, Edmond Foster.
The regalia of the corporation consists of five handsome silver gilt maces, carried before the mayor on state occasions. The larger mace, which weighs one hundred and fifty-three ounces, was presented in 1710 by Samuel Shepherd, jun. esq. M.P. The other four were the gift of Thomas Bacon, esq. M.P. in 1724.
The corporation obtained a grant of arms and supporters from Eobert Cooke, Clarenceux king of arms, on the 7th of June, 1575.
The common seal whereon are the town arms, and the circumscription " Sigillurn Communitatis villas Cantabrigiae," was presented in 1736, by the earl of Oxford and earl Mortimer, high steward.
THE TOWN GAOL.
IN the preceding1 account of the Guildhall mention has been made of the grant which the burgesses obtained from Henry III. of the house of Benjamin, and the conversion of part thereof into a gaol for the town, which, as well as the adjoining Guildhall, was commonly called the Tolbooth.
In November, 1601, queen Elizabeth granted to the university the custody of the house of Benjamin at the annual rent of 15s. A similar grant was made by James I. on the 6th of July, 1603. These grants gave rise to a suit between the university and town, which was, in 1607, decided in favour of the latter body.
On 14th of August, 1622, the corporation made an order that the gaoler of the Tolbooth, at his own cost, should yearly be charged with repairing and cleaning the gaol and the bolts, shackles, and
142 THE TOWN GAOL.
implements, the town first putting the gaol into repair and finding sufficient bolts, shackles, and im- plements. The gaoler at this period had no salary, his emoluments arising solely from fees and per- quisites.
A place called Tanners' or Leathersellers' hall Was added to the Tolbooth as a house of correction in 1631.
In the seventeenth century mention is made of parts of the Tolbooth called the Witches' gaol, the Star chamber, Pilate's chamber, and Debtors' hall. On 16th of May, 1661, the corporation ordered that Pilate's chamber and Debtors' hall should be made into a dwelling house for the gaoler, and let to him for three years at six per cent, on the money to be expended.
Bequests to the poor prisoners in the Tolbooth are of frequent occurrence in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and the corporation used to provide an alms-basket for the collection of broken victuals for them.
Edmund Carter, writing in 1749, thus describes the gaol :
The Town Gaol adjoining to the Town Hall, is a most shocking place to be confined in, especially for food, lodging, and air, all which are there but very indifferent.
On 3rd of April, 1789, John Doggett the gaoler presented a petition to the justices in which he stated that the profits from the gaolers' former privi- lege of selling ale were considered a reasonable allowance for keeping the gaol. The court ordered him a salary of £10 per annum.
THE TOWN GAOL. 143
In 1790 the gaol was removed from the building adjoining the Guildhall, called the Tolbooth, to a newly erected edifice at the back of the Spinning house. This gaol cost the town £911. 10s.
In 1829 the present spacious and commodious gaol, which is situate on the western side of Parker's piece and occupies two acres, was erected from a design by William Mackintosh Brookes, esq., B.A. of Peterhouse. It was built under a local act 7 & 8 Geo. IV. cap. cxi., which was amended by the local act 2 & 3 Viet. cap. ix.
The total cost of erecting the gaol and of obtaining and executing the acts relating thereto, including interest on loans, was nearly £25,000. The gaol debt was finally paid off in 1847.
THE SPINNING HOUSE.
THOMAS HOBSON, the celebrated Cambridge carrier, on 30th of July, 1628, conveyed to certain members of the university and inhabitants of the town, a messuage and premises in the parish of S. Andrew, without Barnwell gate, upon trust for the erection, by the university and town, of a house for setting the poor to work, and as a house of correction for unruly and stubborn rogues, beggars, and other poor persons who should refuse to work, and to provide a stock of wool, flax, and other materials for setting the poor to work.
By a codicil to his will (dated on the day of his death, 1st January, 1630-1) he gave to the corporation £100 to purchase lands, the rents to be employed towards the maintenance of the house of correction and workhouse and of the poor who should be set to work there for ever.
This legacy, and the residue of a sum collected for the relief of the afflicted by the plague, were in 1632 and 1634 invested in the purchase of lands in Cottenham, Over, and Willingham, the yearly rents to be employed towards the maintenance of the house of correction and the setting the poor on work.
Roger Thompson of Cambridge, brewer, in 1642
THE SPINNING HOUSE. 145
bequeathed £200 to the workhouse, and this sum was, in 1646, invested in the purchase of lands in Westwick.
George Griffith, M.A., in 1686, bequeathed £100; and subsequently Henry Jaines, D.D., president of Queens' college, gave £20 to the workhouse.
Edmund Carter, in 1749, gives the following description of the Spinning house :
The Bridewell (called by the inhabitants the Spinning House) is pleasantly situated near the fields at the south end of the Parish of Great St. Andrews, and is chiefly used for the confinement of such lewd women as the Proctors apprehend in houses of ill fame; though sometimes the Corporation send small offenders thither, and the crier of the town is often there to discipline the ladies of pleasure with his whip.
In proof of his veracity as respects the con- cluding statement, it may be noted that the treasurer of the workhouse in his accounts, 1748 to 1749, makes this charge : " Paid Horner Johnson, by order of Mr. Vice- Chancellor, for whipping ten women 10s." This Horner Johnson was the town crier.
John Bowtell, in 1813, bequeathed £500, three per cent, stock, to the trustees of the workhouse for putting out poor boys, natives of the town, as apprentices.
Soon after the present town gaol was erected the town magistrates ceased to make commitments to the Spinning house.
In October, 1833, an information was filed in the court of chancery, having for its object the better regulation of this charity, and on the 4th of VOL. in. L
146 THE SPINNING HOUSE.
August, 1852, the court approved of a scheme for the future management thereof.
By this scheme the northern part of the building is used by the university as a house of correction for the reception and confinement of common women and prostitutes apprehended by the proctors or committed by the vice-chancellor, and the southern part by the town as a lock-up house and police- station.
The general management of the affairs of the charity is vested in the vice-chancellor and six members of the senate, and the mayor and six members of the council.
Of the annual rents and income £75 is paid to the university for the repair of their portion of the Spinning house, and the rates and taxes there- upon, and the insurance thereof; £75 is paid to the corporation for the like purposes as regards their portion; a sum not exceeding £25 is paid to the clerk and treasurer; £30 is to be expended (as Mr. Bowtell's benefaction) in putting out poor boys, natives of the town, as apprentices ; and the residue is applied in donations to schools (including in- dustrial schools) for the education of poor boys and girls within the limits of the university and borough, or in any contiguous parish where children of poor persons residing within such limits are educated, or in apprenticing poor boys and girls. One half of the residue is in the disposition of the uni- versity governors and the other half of the town governors.
The portion of the Spinning house which is
THE UNION WORKHOUSE. 147
used as a police-station has a neat stone frontis- piece of Jacobean architecture, designed by James Walter, esq. In the rear (and on the spot where stood the Town gaol of 1790) is a commodious residence for the chief superintendent of police.
THE UNION WORKHOUSE.
THE fourteen parishes in Cambridge were con- stituted a Poor Law Union by an order of the Poor Law Commissioners made 19th March, 1836. Four guardians are annually elected by the parish of S. Andrew the less, and two by each of the other parishes.
A spacious and commodious workhouse was soon afterwards erected in Mill road, S. Andrew the less, from a design by John Smith, esq.
Under the Cambridge Award Act, 1856, union rating has been established. That act also contains provisions for ascertaining, at certain intervals, the annual rateable value of the property occupied by the university and colleges.
ADDENBROOKE'S HOSPITAL.
JOHN ADDENBROOKE, born in Staffordshire, in or about 1682, was admitted a pensioner of Catha- rine hall, 13th of December, 1697, proceeding B.A. 1701-2, and being elected a fellow of his college, 25th of March, 1704, and admitted 13th of April following. He commenced M.A. 1705, and on the 3rd of September, 1706, was admitted an extra licen- tiate of the college of physicians, being represented as then of West Bromwich in his native county. On the 1st of November, 1709, he was chosen bursar of Catharine hall for the year ensuing. He was created M.D. 1712, and vacated his fellowship about Lady-day 1715, probably on account of marriage. He would seem to have practised his faculty for some years at Cambridge, but of his professional career little is known. He died the 7th of June, 1719, and is commemorated by the
ADDENBROOKE'S HOSPITAL.
JOHN ADDENBROOKE, born in Staffordshire, in or about 1682, was 'led a pensioner of Catha-
rine hall, 13th ot 1701-2, and . bein.L. :-
of March, ;
•ted
. Bounty. si bursar
ar ensuing. He was
ad vacated his fellowship
Y 1715, probably on account of
Id seem to have practised his
- at Cambridge, but of his
le is known. He died the
hiemorated by the
ADDEXBROOKE'S HOSPITAL. 149
following inscription on a flat marble in the chapel of Catharine hall, where he was buried.
M.S.
JOHANNIS ADDENBROOKE, M.D. de Swinford Regis in Comitatu Staffordiae
Hujus Collegii olim Socii Obiit 7mo Junii Anno Domini 1719. Stalls 39.
He was the author of A Short Essay upon Free Thinking. Lond. 8vo. 1714.
His medicine chest is still preserved in the library of Catharine hall.
By his will dated 1st of May, 1719, Dr. Adden- brooke bequeathed above £4000 after the death of his wife upon trust to hire, fit up, purchase, or erect a building fit for a small physical hospital in the town of Cambridge for poor people, and he directed that any poor sick person of any parish or county should be admitted if there should be room and the revenue would answer.
The trustees(0) expended £817. 85. 3d. in the purchase of a garden and of divers tenements for
(a) The trustees appointed by the court of chancery in 1758, were :
James Burrough, esq., (afterwards sir James Burrough), master of Caius college.
John Green, D.D., master of Corpus Christi college, afterwards bishop of Lincoln.
Roger Long, D.D., master of Pembroke hall.
William Richardson, D.D., master of Emmanuel college.
John Sumner, D.D., provost of King's college.
Edmund Law, D.D., master of Peterhouse, afterwards bishop of Carlisle.
Thomas Chapman, D.D., master of Magdalen college.
Hugh Thomas, D.D., master of Christ's college.
Lynford Caryl, D.D., fellow, afterwards master of Jesus college.
Francis Sawyer Parris, D.D., master of Sidney college.
Kenrick Prescott, D.D., master of Catharine hall.
150 ADDENBEOOKE'S HOSPITAL.
the site of the hospital; £3073. Ss. 4JJ. in the building and about the ground; and £119. Is. 5d. in furniture. By the above expenditure, some great losses, taxes, and law charges, the capital was reduced to £1804. 16s. ±d. whereof £1600 was in the £3 per cents.
On the 30th of April, 1766, a public meeting of gentlemen of the university, town, and county was held at the hospital, at the instance of the trustees, in order to devise means to support the institution. The vice-chancellor and mayor were desired to issue circular letters soliciting subscriptions, which they accordingly did, and this appeal met with such success that the hospital was opened for the reception of patients on Michaelmas day in that year.
On the 30th of May, 1767, the royal assent was given to an act of parliament (7 Geo. III. cap. 99), whereby a corporation by the name of the president and governors of Addenbrooke's hospital in the town of Cambridge was established. The lord-lieutenant of the county for the time being was constituted president, and the chancellor and vice-chancellor of the university, the bishop of Ely, the high-steward of the town, the high-sheriff of the county, the repre- sentatives in parliament for the county, university, and town, and the mayor for the time being, together with all contributors of £21 or upwards at one time, all annual subscribers of two guineas and upwards, and the physicians and surgeons, were constituted governors.
Due provision was made for transferring the hos-
ADDENBROOKE'S HOSPITAL. 151
pital, and the funds in the hands of the trustees, to the president and governors, and the act directs that general courts shall be held four times in every year, or oftener if occasion should require.
Numerous donations and bequests have been made to this hospital. Amongst them we may enumerate the following :
Her Most Gracious Majesty, Queen Victoria, (1847) £105 ; H.K.H. Albert Prince Consort, (1847) £105; H.R.H. Albert Edward Prince of Wales, (1861) £100; Mrs. Ackers and Mrs. Graves (1779) five messuages in Cambridge; Miss Barker (1791) £363. 15s. 10^.; Mr. Edmund Baron (1787) £200 stock; rev. Edward Betham, M.A., fellow of King's college, (1784) £300 stock; Mr. John Bowtell (1813) £7000 stock; Mrs. Cawthorne (1767) six acres of land in Bamwell; Mrs. Catha- rine Collignon (1832) £1000 stock; Mrs. Cotton of Welwyn (1832) £225 ; Mrs. Cranmer of Quendon hall, Essex, (1844) £584. 13s. 4c?. ; rev. James Devie, vicar of Standground, (1802) £200; Robert Leslie Ellis, esq., M.A. of Trinity college, (1845-59) £464. 7s. \d.', Mr. Fison (1849) £450; Mr. Robert Franks (1783) £200; William Greaves, esq., M.A., (1789) £200; rev. John Griffith, B.D., minor canon of Ely, (1861) about £4000 ; John Hall, esq., of Weston Colville (1826-39) £210. 10s. ; Miss Ann Hatton of Longstanton (1842) £200; Miss Elizabeth Hatton of Longstanton (1846) £1200; Isaac Hawkins, esq., (1802) £800 stock; rev. William Hetherington, M.A., fellow of Eton college, (1768, 1779) £550 ; rev. James Hicks of Wilbraham Temple (1825) £200 ; Mrs. Hicks of Wilbraham Temple (1825) £200; Mr. Harrnan James (1815) £200; Soame Jenyns, esq., M.P., (1767, 1788) £150; Abraham Jobson, D.D., vicar of Wisbech S. Peter, (1822-1824) £200; rev. Frederick Kellar, vicar of Kelshall, (1809) £300; Thomas Lombe, esq., (1801, 1802) £352. 10s. ; John Henry Manners, duke of Rutland, (1802, 1824) £210; Charles Maynard, viscount Maynard, (1828) £1140; Moore Merideth, B.D., fellow of Trinity College, £280 stock ; Mr. Joseph Merrill (1803, 1806) £600 ; Richard Moss, esq. of Milton on Thames (1847) £500 ; A. Newton, esq. of Lich-
152 ADDENBROOKE'S HOSPITAL.
field, (1811) £200; Francis Godolphin Osborne, lord Godolphin, (1802, 1822) £315 ; Jonathan Page, esq. of Ely, (1840) £500 ; Mr. Robert Peck (1805) £200; Christopher Pembertoii, esq., (1851) £450; rev. Robert Beresford Podmore, M.A., vicar of Kirby Monks, (1843) £200 ; John Russell, duke of Bedford, (1824, 1832) £205; Mr. Samuel Salmon (1849) £800; Miss E. F. Sell of Bassingbourn (1859) £500; rev. Joseph Shaw, B.D., fellow and sometime master of Christ's college, lands at Willingham; Mr. Daniel Slack (1810) £338. Is. 8^.; rev. Thomas Spencer, M.A., fellow of Trinity college, (1781, 1790) £200; Edward Stadderd, esq. of St. Ives, (1782, 1783) £300; George Thackeray, D.D., provost of King's college, (1851) £1000 stock; John Torkington, D.D., master of Clare hall, (1815) £200 stock; John Trigg, esq. of Melbourn Bury, (1823) £200; Mr. Bates Francis Tunwell (1806) £250 stock; Miss Ann Turner (1844) £200 ; Mrs. Mary Watts (1837) £200 ; Mr. Samuel Widnall of Grantchester, florist, (1840, 1842) £440. Is. 3 d. ; Mrs. Wortham of Royston (1828, 1829) £250 ; Philip Yorke, second earl of Hardwicke, (1767, 1790) £600; Philip Torke, third earl of Hardwicke, (1803) £150.
In 1822, two wings were added to the hospital, and the colonnade in front was erected from a design by Charles Humfrey, esq.
The Board-room contains portraits of Mr. John Bowtell; John Newling, esq., alderman, many years treasurer of this hospital ; and Frederick Thackeray, M.D.
The hospital contains upwards of one hundred beds.
During the year ending Michaelmas, 1861, there were six hundred and eighty-one in-patients, and one thousand nine hundred and twenty-nine out- patients. The total number of patients cured from the openihg of the hospital to the above date, was sixty-three thousand four hundred and sixty-nine.
.
HOSPIT
<iolphin Osbome, lord Godolphin,
t Ely, (1840) £500;
-.topher Pemberton, esq., .
Podmore, M.A., vicar of
.1 Eussell, duke of Bedford,
Salmon (1849) £800; Miss
,-f Basaingbo 0 £500; rev. Joseph Shaw,
and HOI.; uaster of Christ's college, lands
lack (1810) £338. Is. W. ; .A., fellow of Trinity co' Stadclerd, csq. of St.
; Geoiy ;-.<*ay; !'
(1851) £1000 ;ohn T*>r
hall, (181*) £'->00 stock; John Tr; (1823) £^«>; Mr. Bates Francis '. Miss Ann Turaer (1844) £200; Mrs. It : Mr. Samuel Widnall of Grantchester,
£440, Is. M.'t Mrs. Wortham of Eoyston (1828, 1829) £250.; Philip York I earl of Hardwicke, (1767, 1790) £600;
Philip Yorke. llardwicke, (1803) £150.
In 1822, tw<> and the colon ; by Clmiios Tin
'The Board-r< Bo\\^ell ; Jo"
years ltal '•> ^
Thacl
Thf> I contains upwards of one hundred
beds.
Dv ear ending Michaelmas, 1861, there
wefe nx eighty-one hi-patients, and
one !li0u*a;wl nine- liundred and twenty-nine out-
fiati(mtti. uuniber of patients cured from
the ojxrn^ Hospital to the above date, was
J and sixty -nine.
10
oo
0. CO
o
I
CO
~UJ
o o
a:
cc
2 UJ
Q
0
ADDENBROOKE'S HOSPITAL. 153
The annual income of the hospital is about £3000. Of this sum nearly half arises from rents of estates and interest on stock.
The amount of stock standing in the public funds in the name of the president and governors at Michaelmas, 1861, was £43,448. 5s. Sd. Of this sum £2,675. 17 s. Id. belongs to the building fund.
A Samaritan fund was established in 1806.
The parochial clergy and certain clerical members of the university visit the hospital in rotation.
Certificates of attendance on the practice in this hospital are recognized by the university, the college of physicians, the college of surgeons, and the society of apothecaries of London.
THE OLD PERSE SCHOOL.
THE PERSE GRAMMAR SCHOOL.
STEPHEN PEKSE, born at Norwich in 1550, was matriculated as a sizar of Gonville and Caius college 12th of November, 1565. He migrated to S. John's college and went out there as B.A. 1568-9. Re- turning to Caius college he commenced M.A. 1572, and soon afterwards became a fellow; he took holy- orders, but subsequently changed his profession to physic, being created M.D. 1581. He practised the medical profession in Cambridge and acquired great wealth. At the time of his death which occurred 30th of September, 1615, he was the senior fellow of Caius college. He was interred in the chapel of that house, where is a large mural monument, with his figure in his doctor's robes, and the following inscription :
THE PERSE GRAMMAR SCHOOL. 155
PJLENOMEN STEPHANVS COGNOMEN PERSE VOCATVM,
SOLA DEO SOLI VITA CORONA FVIT, CVM VIVENTE DEO EEMANET MI HI VITA PERENNIS,
JAMQVE CANO SOLI nANTOTE AOHA 0E&,
H^EC MORIENS CECINI LECTVRO PfiRSEVS IPSE, NON VLLI MELIVS QVAM MIHI NOTVS EKAM.
CHRISTIN, SVRNAMDE, STEPHAN PERSE I HIGHT, SOLE LIFE WITH GOD ALONE, MY CROWNE, MY LIGHT,
WITH LIVING GOD ETERNALL LIFE I LIVE, THIS NOW MY SONG, TO SOLE GOD PRAISE I GIVE,
THIS EPITAPH BY ME PERSE WAS DEVIZ'D, TO NONE ELSE BETTER WERE MY THOVGHTS COMPRIZ'D.
Hie Stephanus Perse, Medicinae Doctor, per Quadraginta annos Socius hujus Collegij, requiescit, qui moriens donavit quinque inille Librarum, quibus anuui Redditus ducentarum et quinquaginta Libraruin emerentur, tit ex ijs, Socij sex, sex scholares, sex Eleemosinarij, Ludimagister et Hypodidasculus alerentur, et Stipendia Custodis hujus Collegij et quatour Seniorum Sociorum, et Sociorum Jocosa? Franckelande augeren- tur, Qui legavit quingentas Libras ad Cubicula suis Socijs et Scholaribus in Collegio sedificanda, Qui Gramraatieam Scholam ad centum Discipulos recipiendum idoneam et domum ad suorum Eleemosinariorum habitationem extrui, "Viamque a villa Cantab, ad Pontem Stirbrigiensem, ex relictis Bonis perfici, ultima vol- untatate mandavit. Yixit annos 65. mortuus est ultimo Sept. Anno 1615.
He has latin verses in the university collection on the death of queen Elizabeth and the accession of James I. 1603.
Notwithstanding the large sums he gave to cha- ritable uses, he was not unmindful of his relatives and friends. Amongst his bequests to personal friends is the following in favour of his more celebrated contemporary William Butler, fellow of Clare hall: "Item, to Mr. William Butler of Cambridge, physi-
156 THE PERSE GRAMMAR SCHOOL.
cian, to make him a ringe in token of my especial love to him £3. 6s. 8d."
By his will, which is dated only three days be- fore his death, he gave to his executors and others certain lands, part of the site of the dissolved house of Augustinian friars, in order to erect and build thereon a grammar free-school, with one lodging chamber for the master and another for the usher, and he willed his executors to use their best means for obtaining two hundred marks theretofore given by Mr. Thomas Cropley and Mr. Bridon,(a) to such an use and action when it should go forward. He also empowered his executors with the approbation of the justices of assize, to make ordinances for the school, and directed that the schoolmaster and usher should be graduates of the university of Cambridge, the schoolmaster M.A. and the usher B.A. at least. On every avoidance of those places, he willed any that had been educated in the same school, if found fit, should have preferment thereto before others. He further willed, that five-score scholars born in Cambridge, Barnwell, Chesterton, or Trumpington, and no more nor any other should be in the said
(a) William Bridon, M.A. of Clare hall (who dwelt on the Market hill in the parish of S. Mary the great) in or after 1589 gave by will 100 marks towards founding a grammar school in Cambridge, or for some other work for the encouragement of learning.
Thomas Cropley, M.A., of Clare hall, by will dated 24th of November, 1607, and proved before Dr. Thomas Jegon, vice-chancellor 17th of July, 1609, bequeathed 100 marks for the founding of a free grammar school in Cambridge, or for some other charitable work of perpetuity and especially for the maintenance of learning. This sum to be joined to the bequest of Mr. William Bridon to the like purpose.
It ia unknown whether Dr. Perse's executors succeeded in obtaining these bequests.
THE PERSE GRAMMAR SCHOOL. 157
free school taught and instructed, and those freely. The schoolmaster was to be paid £40 and the usher £20 per annum. In all elections to the six scholarships founded by him at Caius college, he willed that such as had been instructed and taught in his free -school for three years at least being fit scholars, should be elected and advanced before any other, and that in all elections to the six fellow- ships founded by him in the same college, his scholars being fit, should be elected and preferred before any other.
The school was erected soon after Dr. Perse's death, and ordinances for its government were made by his executors, (fl) with the approval of the justices of assize, (6) the 10th of February, 1623-4.
In 1686, George Griffith, M.A., who was for thirty-four years master of the school, bequeathed £100 as a supplement to its revenues.
An information with a view to the better manage- ment of this school and the other foundations of Dr. Perse, was filed in the court of chancery in or about 1833. Answers having been put in, the cause was heard 31st of May, 1837, before lord Langdale,(c) master of the rolls, who declared that the school was exclusively entitled to the interest of the £100
(a) Valentine Carey, bishop of Exeter ; Martin Perse ; and Robert Spicer, gentlemen.
(5) Sir James Ley (afterwards earl of Marlborough), and Sir John Doddridge.
(c) His lordship (when Mr. Bickersteth) had himself as one of the four seniors of Caius college been a trustee of Dr. Perse's benefactions. In or about 1830, he voluntarily returned to the college nearly £800 which had been paid him out of the Perse fund, but to which he conceived he was not justly entitled.
158 THE PERSE GRAMMAR SCHOOL.
bequeathed by Mr. Griffith, and to the income of an estate in Freeschool lane. His lordship ordered a reference to the master as to the property of the trust, and directed him to approve of new schemes for the general administration of such property and the future conduct and management of the school.
On the 31st of July, 1841, sir Giffin Wilson, the master to whom the cause stood referred, made a report respecting the property applicable to the pur- poses of Dr. Perse's benefactions/"1 and approving of schemes as to the general administration of the property and application of the income, and as to the conduct and management of the school. These schemes were in due course confirmed by the court of chancery.
The annual payment to the master of the school is fixed at £300, and to the usher £150.
The scholars are to be taught in all instruction and learning fit to be learnt in a grammar-school,
(a) The following is an account of the estates and funded property then applicable to Dr. Perse's benefactions, with the gross annual income thereof :
TOWN OF CAMBRIDGE : — School and houses of the master and usher ; the almshouses and garden adjoining ; and four houses in Freeschool lane . . . . 61 0 0
ESSEX : — Manor of Frating hall ; Frating hall farm ; Paine's farm in Great and Little Bentley ; Dairy farm in Frating and Bentley; Crabtree farm in Great and Little Bentley and Bromley; Hockley farm in Frating and Elm- stead ; Frating woods ; Portion of tithes in Much Bentley ; Lamb's farm in Chich Saint Osyth ; messuage and land in Alresford, Elmstead, and Frating .... 1727 3 0
SUFFOLK : — Land in Lawshall . . . 35 0 0
NORFOLK :— Land in West Dereham . . 90 0 0
STOCK : — £23,100 £3 per cent, consols . . . 693 0 0
£2400 New South sea annuities . . . 72 0 0
£2678 3 0
The school is entitled to £24 per cent, of the net income.
THE PERSE GRAMMAR SCHOOL. 159
and also in writing, reading, arithmetic, and elemen- tary mathematics.
Each free scholar is to pay a fee of 20s. on entrance, and for his instruction in reading, writing, and arithmetic, 10-5. entrance-fee, and also 105. per half-year.
An assistant usher to teach writing and arithmetic is to be appointed, and provision is made for his remuneration.
No more nor any other than the one hundred free scholars are to be taught in the school, except further sufficient help besides the assistant usher, be provided by the master and usher with the assent of the supervisors. Paying scholars are to pay £5 for entrance and 20s. per half-year.
The free scholars are to be elected quarterly by the supervisors, after public advertisement of the number of vacancies.
Scholars are not to be elected under ten nor above fourteen years of age, and no scholar is to continue in the school longer than the Midsummer vacation next after he shall have attained the age of eighteen.
When there is any scholar's place void, a poor man's child is to be preferred to it before a rich, so that he make suit for it in time.
An examination as to the proficiency of the scholars in classical and mathematical learning, is to take place at Midsummer yearly by two persons being M.A. at least appointed by the supervisors, and not being the master or usher, and provision is made for prizes in books and for payment of the examiners.
160 THE PEESE GRAMMAR SCHOOL.
The places of schoolmaster and usher are not tenable with a fellowship or any ecclesiastical living, except for six months in the former case and twelve in the latter.
The supervisors of the trust and the patrons of the school are the master and four senior fellows of Caius college.
In pursuance of directions contained in one of the foregoing schemes, the school with the houses of the master and usher were soon afterwards rebuilt from the designs of John Smith, esq., architect. The fine open timber roof of the old school was replaced on the new.
On the west wall of the school is a framed board, whereon is inscribed as follows :
Jeremy Taylor . Fellow of Gonville and Caius college . 1633. Bishop of Down Connor and of Dromore, 1660-1.
Charles Clayton, Browne Medallist 1833-34.
Fellow of Gonville and Caius college . 1836.
William Brown, Fellow of S. John's college . . . 1843.
"VVilliamW.HuttjFellow of Gonville and Caius college . 1845.
John "Wisken, Fellow of Gonville and Gains college . 1848.
Peter H. Mason, Tyrwhitt's Hebrew scholar . . . 1851.
Fellow of S. John's college .... 1854.
Joseph Prior, Fellow of Trinity college .... 1860.
STEPHANVS PERSE, FVNDATOR, ANNO DOMINI MDCXV, QVI FACIT PER ALIVM FACIT PERSE.
The school flourished greatly in the seventeenth century, during the masterships of Thomas Lover- ing and George Griffith, and it is probable that the admission books of the colleges would furnish many additional names to the foregoing list.
THE OLD CHARITY SCHOOLS.
ABOUT the middle of 1703 a voluntary sub- scription was opened under the patronage of Dr. Symon Patrick, bishop of Ely, and with the encouragement of Dr. Richard Bentley, archdeacon of Ely, and several of the heads of colleges, for the establishment of charity schools in the town of Cambridge.
From an entry then made in the books of the charity, the design appears to have been to train up poor children in the knowledge and practice of the Christian religion, as professed and taught in the church of England, and to teach them such other things as might be most suitable to their condition ; in order to which, schoolmasters and mistresses were to be appointed and directed by the ministers and lecturers in the town and liberty of Cambridge, with the licence and approbation of the bishop, to teach all the children to say the church catechism, and such collects or prayers in the church liturgy, to- gether with short graces, as the ministers and lecturers should judge proper to be used by them in the schools and at home. They were to take care that all the children should be brought to church twice every Lord's day, at the beginning of divine service. The boys were to be taught to read, write, and cast accounts ; the girls to read, write, and work. VOL. m. M
162 THE OLD CHARITY SCHOOLS.
The ministers and lecturers were to meet every quarter, to take care of the good government of the schools, and some of them every month, to examine into the improvement of the children in the several particulars above mentioned, and to hear them say, and instruct them in, the church catechism, in some parish church. They were also to take care that a fair account should be kept of all receipts and dis- bursements, ready for the view of all the contributors, or others who might have reason to desire to know how the charity was disposed of.
The rev. William Whiston, M.A., Lucasian pro- fessor, and catechetical lecturer at S. Clement's, was one of the chief promoters of the establishment of these schools. He preached at Trinity church on the 25th of January, 1704-5, from 2 Tim. iii. 15, when the several teachers of the schools appeared with the poor children under their care in number about three hundred. This sermon was printed under the title of Charity schools recommended, being republished amongst his Sermons and Essays upon several subjects 1709, when he appended A Particular Account of the Charity Schools in Cam- bridge. He acted as treasurer of the schools from their establishment till 1710, when he was expelled the university for heretical opinions. The rev. Godfrey Washington, M.A., fellow of Peterhouse, and minister of S. Mary the less, then took the principal care of the schools till his death in 1729.(o)
(a) See Memoirs of the Life of Mr. William Whiston, 2nd edit. 116, 125, 316 ; Whiston's Hist. Pref. to Primitive Christianity reviv'd, 109, App. 5 ; Whiston's Sermons and Essays, 99-144.
THE OLD CHAEITY SCHOOLS. 163
The following is a list of the principal donations to these schools :
Sir Isaac Newton (1709) £10; William Worts, esq., M.A. of Catharine hall (1712) £30 per annum ; Charles Otway, LL.D., fellow of S. John's college (1720) £300; John Covel, some- time cook of Christ's college (1722-24) £150 ; Mrs. Ann Kobson, of Great S. Andrew's (1733) £50 ; John Newcome, D.D., master of S. John's college (1765) £50; John Porter, butler of Trinity college (1773) £100; Mrs. Elizabeth Hide (1777) £150; rev. Thomas Spencer, M.A., fellow of Trinity College (1782-1790) £100; Lynford Caryl, D.D., master of Jesus college £100; Mr. Robert Franks (1783) £50; Leonard Chappelow, B.D., professor of arabic (1784) £50 ; Mr. Cheetham(1787) £100 ; Mrs. Toms (1789) £50; Mrs. Barker (1792) £100; a clergyman (1792) £50 17s. Od. : a friend by the rev. Charles Simeon, M.A. of King's college (1794) £215; Thomas Lombe, esq. (1801) £200; Joseph Merrill, bookseller (1805) £200; rev. Eobert Tyrwhitt, M.A. of Jesus college (1809) £50; rev. William Farish, M.A., Jacksonian professor (1836) £100; a friend by rev. H. H. Swinny, M.A. of Magdalen college (1842) £50 ; Charles Perry, bishop of Melbourne (1847) site of the schools in Russell street.
The several schools now under the management of the governors or to which they have the privilege of sending scholars, and the average number of children under instruction are as follows :
BARNWELL (established 1835). Boys . . . . 202
Girls . • « \ , ^ 89
Infants . . . .140
431
KING STREET.
Boys (established 1856) . , 88
Girls (established 1816) . . 80
Infants (established 1826) . . 91
259
M 2
164 THE OLD CHAEITY SCHOOLS,
S. PAUL'S.
Boys (established 1845) . . 254
Girls (established 1845) . 172
Infants (established 1828) . . 160
- 58S
CASTLE END.
(established 1808) . .164
(established 1847) . 100
Infants (established 1826) . . 123
- . 387
1663
From Mr. Worts's annuity and land at Fulbourn, purchased with part of Mr. Covel's benefaction, £42. 10s. per annum is obtained. The annual subscriptions for the year ending Michaelmas, 1861, were £230. 9s. 6df. In the same period £189. 11s. Qd. was collected after sermons preached for the charity, and £384 and upwards was received in pence paid by the children. The ordinary expenditure during the year was £889. 3s. llf d.
The incumbents and curates of the several parishes are ex-officio governors of these most excel- lent and beneficial schools.
(a) This school is not under the management of the governors, but they pay £15 per annum towards the expences and have the privilege of sending children to it.
(6) Carried on from its establishment till 1861 at the sole charge of the rev. W. F. Witts, M.A., fellow of King's college and curate of S. Giles.
BRITISH SCHOOLS.
THESE schools situate in Fitzroy street, are under the controul of the British School society, established 4th August, 1840.
Mr. Samuel Salmon (1848) bequeathed £300, and William Adams, esq. (1849) £100 to the school.
The average number of scholars for the year ending Michaelmas, 1861, was as follows :
Boys . . . . .97
Girls . . . . . 118
Infants . . . . .154
~369
The income principally arises from the children's pence and an allowance from government. The sub- scriptions during the last year were less than £70.
INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL.
THIS school in Victoria road Chesterton, was established at a public meeting, held at the Guild- hall, 6th December, 1847.
By deed dated 4th June, 1849, the site of the school was conveyed to Thomas lord bishop of Ely, and his successors upon trust to permit the premises and all buildings thereon to be used as a school for children and adults, or children only of the
166 ALMSHOUSES.
labouring manufacturing and other poorer classes in the borough of Cambridge, such school to be always conducted upon the principles of the established church, and to be open to government inspection.
The site, buildings and fittings of the school cost about £850.
The school is supported by donations and sub- scriptions aided by a grant from government.
Christopher Pemberton, esq., in 1850 bequeathed £100 to the school.
ALMSHOUSES.
HOSPITAL OF S. ANTHONY AND S. ELIGIUS. This hospital, originally designed for lepers, was founded in the parish of S. Benedict by Henry de Tangmer, burgess of Cambridge, who died about 1361.
By an indenture dated 28 January, 17 Henry VIII. [1525-6], the mayor bailiffs and burgesses demised to Robert Brunne and Margaret his wife, the leper's house, commonly called the Spetyl house, with the appurtenances situate and lying at the south end of the town, together with a garden to the same adjacent, with all appurtenances, to hold to them for their lives and the life of the survivor, to receive leprous men and women into the same, and to collect the alms of Christians, with other profits and emoluments to the use behoof and sustenta- tion of the house aforesaid, and the leprous men and women being in the same, and to appoint under them a collector or collectors of alms and other profits.
ALMSHOUSES. 167
The mayor and aldermen had the government and patronage till 1836, when they were transferred to the municipal charity trustees.
Six widows are now maintained therein.
The endowment consists of an annual allowance from the Borough fund, lands at Fulbourn, a small annual rent payable out of lands in the parish of S. Benedict, and money in the public funds.
Richard Chevin, burgess and baker, by will in 1559 gave the profits of lands in Chesterton held for the residue of a term of ninety-nine years.
Catharine Smith, widow of William Smith, D.D., provost of King's college, in 1621 gave £50 to the corporation, who in consideration thereof, covenanted to pay £4 per annum to the poor lame diseased and impotent people resident in these almshouses.
Thomas Day in 1681, gave on S. Thomas's day in every other year, twelve grey or russet warm cloth coats for the twelve poor men or women that in- habited the Spital house.
Gilbert Ives, who died in 1825, gave £200 for certain purposes which terminated in 1851, when the remaining portion of the fund was transferred to the trustees of this hospital.
Mrs. Anne Turner, in 1844 bequeathed £400 for augmenting the allowance of the inmates.
William Mortlock, esq., sometime alderman, in and before 1848, collected £308. 9s. M. for the further endowment of this hospital.
Mr. Samuel Salmon in 1848 bequeathed £400, William Adams, esq., in 1849 £200, and Miss Harriet Simpson in 1860 £100 in augmentation of
168 ALMSHOUSES.
the endowment which was also increased in 1861 by the sum of £94. 10s. realised by the sale of Stokys's almshouses.(o)
In 1852 the old hospital was taken down and the site, for which the improvement commissioners paid £300, thrown into Trumpington street.
A new hospital in Henrietta street, S. Andrew the less, having been erected from the designs of R. R. Rowe, esq., architect, the inmates removed thereto on Michaelmas day 1852.
The cost of the new hospital was £1075. 9s. 2d., of which sum the corporation paid £481. 13s. 2d, The residue was defrayed by the sums received for the site of the old hospital and the old materials. The sum of £305. 19s. was also raised by subscrip- tion. Of this sum £266 was applied to the cost of the building and the balance in augmentation of the endowment.
At the east end of the present hospital are tablets thus inscribed :
The Hospital of Saint Anthony and Saint Eligius, founded in the Parish of Saint Benedict, in or about 1361, by Henry de Tangmer, Burgess of this Town.
Here re-erected at the charge of the Town, aided by Voluntary Contributions, in the Mayoralties of William Warren, and Elliot Smith, Esquires, 1851 and 1852.
(a) These almshouses were erected by Matthew Stokys, M.A., registrary, and one of the esquire bedels of the university, about 1585, in Wall's lane, now called King street, in the parish of the Holy Trinity, and endowed by his will, dated 17 November, 1590, with leasehold estates. The leases having long since expired, the charity commissioners directed the alms- houses to be sold, and the proceeds applied as an augmentation of the endowment of the hospital of SS. Anthony and Eligius.
ALMSHOUSES. 169
There are also in front statues of S. Anthony and ,S. Eligius, (given by Mr. Rowe the architect and Messrs. Bell the builders) the arms of the town and of De Tangmer, and the emblems of the patron saints, (a bell and tau cross for S. Anthony, and a hammer and horse-shoe for S. Eligius).
By a deed dated 7th August, 1851, the corporation covenanted to keep the new hospital in repair.
In addition to the money payments the inmates receive certain small allowances of bread weekly from S. Peter's, Clare, Pembroke, Corpus Christi, King's, Queens', S. Catharine's and Trinity colleges.
JACKENETT' s ALMSHOUSES. — At Easter, 1469, the mayor bailiffs and burgesses conveyed to Thomas Jackenett and Thomas Eben and their heirs, a parcel of ground next the churchyard of S. Mary the great, for building alnishouses thereon, subject to the yearly rent of I2d. Jackenett shortly afterwards erected four alnishouses for the poor of both sexes on this ground and upon part of the churchyard, (for which he had the licence of the bishop of Ely and the master and fellows of King's hall). He likewise built a high chamber over the alnishouses which he directed should be let for a yearly rent to be applied to repairs, the payment of the rent to the corporation, and for an anniversary in the church of S. Mary the great, for the souls of himself, Agnes his wife, and of all faithful Christians de- ceased.
These alnishouses were taken down in 1789, and others erected in King street, then called Wall's lane.
170 ALMSHOUSES.
The following augmentations of this charity have been made: Nicholas Scott (1677), £50; William Morden (1678), £20; Thomas King (1684), £50; Joseph Merrill (1805), £48 per annum.
The almshouses, which consist of eight separate rooms in one building, are inhabited by poor and infirm widows and single women, elected by the inhabitants of S. Mary the great.
KING'S COLLEGE ALMSHOUSES. — Margaret, wife of Roger Fawkener, in or about 1472, founded four almshouses for four poor women, opposite the church of S. Mary the great, on the site now occupied by the senate house.
•
In 1504 these houses were taken down and the materials removed to King's college. The provost and fellows of that society rebuilt them immediately afterwards, and again about 1828.
The present almshouses are in Queens' lane, near King's college, and therein reside four poor persons, who receive daily from the college the remains of the commons, and during the long vacation a joint of meat in turn. They have also an allowance of coals at Christmas, a small quarterly stipend, and part of the sacrament money.
QUEENS' COLLEGE ALMSHOUSES. — Andrew Doket, D.D., president of Queens' college, and rector of S. Botolph's, by will in 1484, left three small tene- ments in the parish of S. Botolph, for three poor women, to be nominated by the college.
These almshouses, in which eight poor women are now maintained, were rebuilt in Queens' lane, northward of the college, in 1836.
ALMSHOUSES. 171
The following have been benefactors to these almshouses: Robert Mapletoft, D.D., dean of Ely, and master of Pembroke hall (1676); Henry James, D.D., president of Queens' college (1701); Ferdinando Srnythies, B.D., fellow of Queens' college (1725); Isaac Milner, D.D., president of Queens' college (1820).
CAIUS COLLEGE ALMSHOUSES. — Reginald Elie, of Cambridge, freemason, in or before 1536, gave to Gonville hall, by his executor William Buckenham, master of that society, a house in Michael lane, divided into three habitations, for three poor people to dwell in, to be put therein by the master of the college. He also gave lands in the fields of Barton, Grantchester, Comberton, and Chesterton, then worth 205. per annum, for the repair of the house.
Three small ancient houses, on the northern side of Caius college, are still occupied as almshouses, the inmates being placed therein by the master of Caius college.
Under the will of Stephen Perse, M.D., and the orders of the court of chancery relating to his bene- factions, each of the almspeople receives £4 a-year.
THE PERSE ALMSHOUSES. — Stephen Perse, M.D., by his will dated 27 September, 1615, gave directions for building near his free school, six several low tenements of one room a-piece, for habitation of six several almsfolk, being poor aged unmarried people, of the age of forty years at the least, out of the parishes of S. Edward and S. Michael, and in de- fault of a competent number there, of the parish of S. Benedict.
172 ALMSHOUSES.
The appointment of the almspeople is vested in the master and four senior fellows of Gains college.
Under the orders of the court of chancery re- specting Dr. Perse's benefactions each of the alms- people is entitled to £26 per annum.
The almshouses were rebuilt on the old site in 1862.
WRAY'S ALMSHOUSES. — Henry Wray, of Cambridge, stationer, by will dated 11 June, 1628, gave certain estates in Cambridge to his two grandchildren, with a proviso that in the event of their dying unmarried under twenty-one or without issue of their bodies, certain leasehold houses in Wall's lane in Trinity parish, should remain and be for an hospital to help to maintain poor widowers and widows, of equal number and equal portions, that his freeholds and copyholds should be for the maintenance of the hospital, that a leasehold estate held of Bene't college should be sold, and that with the produce and other his personal estate lands should be bought for the maintenance of the hospital.
His grandchildren died at about four years of age, and in 1631 commissioners of charitable uses made a decree establishing the hospital, and di- recting that there should be maintained therein four poor widowers and four poor widows inhabitants of Trinity parish, to be elected by the vicar, church- wardens, overseers, and six other of the more sub- stantial parishioners.
These almshouses, which are situate in King street, were re-erected a few years since. They are endowed with houses in the parish of All Saints',
ALMSHOUSES. 173
a house orchard and fen land in Fenditton, and an annuity of £14 paid by the university as compen- sation for a leasehold house in Great S. Mary's, taken for the site of the senate house.
KNIGHT'S AND MOETLOCK'S ALMSHOUSES : — Elizabeth Knight, of Denny Abbey, spinster, by will dated 18th May, 1647, directed her executor immediately after her decease to lay out £440 in building an almshouse with six firings for six poor people, in such convenient place as he should think fit, and also for the purchasing of lands to pay £3 a year a piece to six poor people to be maintained therein, and for the reparations thereof. She also directed that there should be always placed therein two poor widows and four poor godly ancient maidens, whereof one of the said maids to be of Bene't parish, if there should be any capable and willing to accept it, and that after the decease of her brothers and sisters and her executor, the mayor and greater number of aldermen of the town of Cambridge should have the placing in of the said poor people for ever.
By indenture dated 18th April, 1648, between the mayor bailiffs and burgesses of the one part, and Thomas French, alderman, of the other part, reciting the will of Elizabeth Knight, and reciting that the said Thomas French (her executor) had made his election to build the almshouses in the town of Cambridge, the mayor bailiffs and bur- gesses demised to the said Thomas French, his executors administrators and assigns, all that piece of waste ground lying in a triangle at a place called
174 ALMSHOUSES.
Jesus lane end in Cambridge, between the highway leading from Jesus lane towards Barnwell on the one part, and the way leading from Wall's lane towards Barnwell on the other part, and the then lately erected breast work on the third part, for the term of ninety-nine years from the day of date, at the annual rent of sixpence payable at Michael- mas if demanded.
On 29th September, 1657, the mayor bailiffs and burgesses in consideration of a fine of £5 demised to the said Thomas French, his executors, &c., three roods of waste land at the end of Wall's lane where an old pound had formerly stood, for eighty years at a peppercorn rent, with a proviso that after his death the profits should be and enure towards the repairing and upholding Mrs. Knight's almshouses on the other side of the way.
On 29th September, 1686, the mayor bailiffs and burgesses in consideration of the surrender of the last mentioned lease, and of the payment of Is., demised the premises to Andrew Craske, baker, his executors, &c., for eighty years at the annual rent of 20s., such rent during the first fifty-one years of the term to be applied in upholding and repairing Mrs. Knight's almshouses where most need should be adjudged and thought fit by the mayor and three of the antientest aldermen.
The ground comprised in the first of the above leases is the site of the almshouses and the houses adjoining, the fee simple of which and of the other estates of this charity is now vested in trustees appointed in pursuance of the provisions of the
ALMSHOUSES. 175
Municipal Corporations Act, who elect the inmates of the alnishouses.
The estate purchased with the legacy of the foundress consisted of about sixty acres of land in the open fields of SwafFham Prior in lieu of which, on the enclosure of that parish, was allotted 29A. IE. 26p. tithe free.
William Staine, M.D., by will dated 2nd February, 1679-80, gave £50 to the hospital of Elizabeth Knight, his sister [in-law], in such manner as Dorothy his wife, and his sister [in-law], Mary Robson, should devise. Mrs. Staine, by her will dated 16th May, 1688, directed the yearly sum of £3 to be paid to the poor inhabiting the alms- houses founded by her sister Elizabeth Knight. This sum was charged on certain lands, but (by some process which is not very obvious) the charity has in lieu of this rent charge eight acres of fen land in the parish of Bottisham.
William Mortlock, esq., sometime alderman, and for many years the vigilant and indefatigable trea- surer of this charity, in 1818 gave £500 for rebuilding the almshouses. In 1826 he gave a further sum of £200 for repairs and subsequently other sums for the same purpose. He is therefore justly considered as a second founder.
STOKY'S ALMSHOUSES: — Edward Story, sometime a bookseller in Cambridge, who was buried at Great S. Mary's, 5th of February, 1692-3, by will dated 29th of January preceding, gave and bequeathed his real and personal estate to his son Edward Story (afterwards M.B. and fellow of Magdalen college)
176 ALMSHOUSES.
and the heirs of his body, with remainder, if he should die without issue, to trustees to erect ten ahnshouses in the town of Cambridge for four widows of ministers of the church of England, two widows and one maiden of the parish of S. Giles, and three widows of the parish of the Holy Trinity, every widow and maiden to be forty years of age at the least, and to have yearly £10, a gown of sad coloured cloth about the value of 20s. at Christmas, and two pair of shoes and a pair of stockings at Christmas and Midsummer.
Edward Story, the son, died without issue in or about 1710, and the ahnshouses were erected in the parish of S. Giles' about 1729. Those of the clergy- men's widows were in Northampton street, and the others in a place adjoining called the Tan yard.
By order of the court of chancery the allowances to the almswomen are much augmented, and the number has been increased as follows : clergymen's widows, six ; maidens of Trinity parish, four ; widows of S. Giles', three ; and maidens of that parish, two.
New almshouses have been erected near Mount Pleasant, in the parish of S. Giles, from designs by James Walter, esq., architect. They were first occupied at Michaelmas, 1844.
The almshouses are endowed with estates in the parishes of S. Giles', S. Mary the great, the Holy Trinity, Chesterton, and Impington.
The following donations and bequests have been made for augmentation of the income of this charity : Peter Stephen Goddard, D.D., master of Clare hall (1781), £426. 2§. Qd. for the clergymen's widows;
ALMSHOUSES. 177
rev. William Cole, M.A., of Milton (1782), £193. 12s. ; rev. Robert Tyrwhitt, M.A., fellow of Jesus college, and Thomas Lombe, esq., £300 stock for the alms- women of S. Giles and Holy Trinity ; an anonymous benefactor (before 1819) £100 for the clergymen's widows; William Lunn (about 1828) £100 for the clergymen's widows.
THE VICTORIA ASYLUM. — In 1837 a society was established for the erection of almshouses for decayed members of benefit societies.
The following donations and bequests have been made to this society : Ebenezer Foster, esq., (1837- 1843) £80. 5s.; Mr. George Fellowes (1843) £100; Mrs. Anne Turner (1844) £100 ; Mrs. Barker (1847) £100; Mr. Samuel Salmon (1848) £300; William Adams, esq. (1849) £456 ; Christopher Pemberton, esq. (1850) £100; Miss Jane Page (1852) £50; Mr. Atkins of Chesterton (1854) £600; Joseph Stanley, esq. (1856) £50; Mr. J. Watson (1859) £50; Miss Harriet Simpson (1860) £100.
£200 was also raised for the building fund from a horticultural fete in Trinity college cloisters in September, 1839.
The society has a considerable sum invested in the funds, on mortgage, and in the savings bank, and the subscriptions amount to about £120 per annum.
The asylum, in which reside twelve inmates, elected by the subscribers, is situate in Victoria road, Chesterton, and was erected from the designs of Mr. George Brad well, architect.
On 16 March, 1841, the earl of Hardwicke, lord lieutenant of the county, R. G. Townley, esq., M.P.,
VOL. III. N
ITS ALMSHOUSES.
sir Alexander C. Grant, M.P., the committee and trustees of the society, the mayor and council in their formalities, the members of the lodges of Free- masons, Ancient Druids, and Odd Fellows, in ap- propriate costume, members of numerous friendly societies, the society of Social Brothers, the order of Rechabites, and the Cambridge Temperance Society went in procession, with bands of music and banners from the Guildhall to Great S. Mary's church, where divine service was performed, the sermon being preached by John Graham, D.D., vice-chancellor (now bishop of Chester) from Psalm civ. 23. On leaving the church the procession was again formed, and proceeded to the site of the building, where the first stone was deposited by the earl of Hardwicke, with the usual masonic ceremonies, after which the procession returned in the same order to the Guildhall. One hundred and thirty of the sup- porters of the society afterwards dined at the Red Lion hotel, the earl of Hardwicke in the chair.
THE ROYAL ALBERT ASYLUM. — On 27th January, 1846, a society called the Royal Albert Society was established, having for its object the providing an asylum for its decayed members.
In 1852 Miss Jane Page bequeathed £100 and in 1860 Mrs. Martha Elizabeth Frohock, of Melbourn place, bequeathed her library, consisting of about three hundred volumes, to the society, and Miss Harriet Simpson £50. Charles Finch Foster, esq., alderman, has given above £100 and Miss Cotton of Rhadegund buildings above £130.
ALMSHOUSES. 179
A considerable sum has been recently raised for augmenting the endowment, by a subscription in honour of the memory of his late royal highness the prince consort.
The asylum, which is to accommodate twelve inmates, elected by the subscribers, is situate on Hills' road. It is a handsome structure in brick of various colours, Messrs. Peck and Stephens being the architects.
The first stone was laid by Charles Balls, esq., mayor, 28 June, 1859.
On that day the Mayor and Council with the trustees committee and members of the society, members of the lodges of Odd Fellows, of the order of Ancient Shepherds, and of the Cambridge Amateur Musical society, assembled at the Guild- hall and thence proceeded to Great S. Mary's church. The service and Coronation anthem were performed by the college choirs, assisted by the members of the Cambridge Amateur Musical society. An excellent sermon having been preached by Harvey Goodwin, D.D., dean of Ely, from Acts x. 38, a collection amounting to £4:2. 17s. was made for the benefit of the charity.
From the church a procession was formed to the site of the asylum. A band of music was in at- tendance and every part of the route was densely thronged with spectators.
A hymn written for the occasion was sung before the stone was lowered and after that ceremony (during which the band played God save the Queen) the dean of Ely offered up a prayer for the success
N2
180 ALMSHOUSES.
of the undertaking. Handel's Hallelujah chorus was then performed by the band and orchestra, and the procession having been again formed returned to the Guildhall, where in the evening about one hundred gentlemen, under the presidency of the Mayor, partook of a repast, after which a further sum of £48. 7s. 6d. was collected for the charity.
Handel's Hals «M
:estra, and
H*med returned to the v.Tening about one hundred
Mayor,
MISCELLANEOUS CHARITIES.
SIR THOMAS WHITE'S CHARITY. — Sir Thomas White, alderman of London, the munificent founder of S. John's college in Oxford, by deed dated 1st July, 1566, gave to this town £104 every twenty-fourth year, whereof £100 to be lent to four poor young men of honest name and fame, occupiers and in- habitants, freemen and clothiers to be preferred before all others, every such young man having £25 without interest for ten years, so as he dwell within the town or the suburbs thereof for such period, and finding sufficient sureties or pawn for the repayment. At the end of the ten years the money to be lent to four other poor young men in like manner. None to receive the money more than once.
The last payment to this town was in 1859.
This charity is under the management of the municipal charity trustees.
CONDUIT CHARITIES. — In 1574 Andrew Feme, D.D., dean of Ely and master of Peterhouse, suggested that the town of Cambridge might derive a good supply of water from the Nine Wells, in the parish of Great Shelford. The design was revived by James Montagu, D.D., the first master of Sidney college, afterwards bishop of Winchester, and at length in 1610 was carried into effect at the joint charge of the university and town, according to a plan of
182 MISCELLANEOUS CHARITIES.
Edward Wright, M.A., of Gonville and Caiua college, one of the best mathematicians of the age.
The water was conveyed from the Nine Wells, partly through the common grounds of Trumpington, and partly through the fields of Cambridge to Trum- pington ford, and thence to the town by a newly formed channel.
By an indenture, dated 26th October, 1610, Thomas Chaplyn, esq., lord of the manor of Trumpington Delapole, conveyed to the chancellor masters and scholars, and mayor bailiffs and burgesses, such part of the soil of the new channel as was situate in Trumpington, together with six feet of the soil on every side, the university paying £1 annually, which was to be employed in scouring, cleansing, and bettering a certain portion of the channel.
In 1614 the university and town erected a con- duit on the Market hill. It was commonly called Hobson's conduit from an erroneous supposition that it had been erected at the cost of Thomas Hobson, the celebrated carrier.
Stephen Perse, M.D., by will, in 1615, gave £8 annually for the maintenance of the banks of the new river that supplied the conduit on Market hill. This sum has since been increased to £16 per annum.
Thomas Hobson, by will in 1630, gave lands in Swinecroft, towards the maintenance of the conduit, he also gave £10 for heightening it.
Edward Potto, alderman, by will in 1632 gave two messuages in S. Edward's for repairing the conduit and the pipes belonging to the same.
MISCELLANEOUS CHARITIES. 183
The land in Swinecroft was sold for the site of Downing college, and the money laid out in purchas- ing land in Over.
Joseph Merrill in 1805 bequeathed £400 for maintaining the conduit and pipes, and £300 for fencing, railing, or keeping in repair the watercourse.
On the enclosure of Great Shelford, £200 was paid by the university and town for the purchase of land immediately adjoining the Nine Wells.
In 1855 the old conduit was taken down and a new one erected at the charge of the corporation, from the designs of Gordon M. Hills, esq., architect. The old conduit was soon afterwards re-erected at the northern end of the conduit stream near Trum- pington street.
In 1861 an obelisk with a suitable inscription was erected at the Nine Wells, by a subscription raised by Charles Finch, esq., the treasurer of the charities.
CKANE'S CHAEITIES. — John Crane, M.A.,(a) by will dated 26th June, 1651, and a codicil thereto dated 20th September in the same year, directed his
(a) Mr. Crane, who was a native of Wisbech, was an eminent apothecary. William Butler, M.A. of Clare hall, the Esculapius of his age, lived in his house, and left him a great part of his estate. Edward Hyde (afterwards earl of Clarendon) when about twenty years old was taken ill at Cambridge and was attended by Mr. Crane. He calls him " an eminent apothecary who had been bred up under Dr. Butler, and was in much greater practice than any physician in the university." Mr. Crane, who was lord of the manors of Kingston wood and Kingston S. George in Cambridgeshire, was sheriff of that county, 16 Car. I. He died 26th May, 1652, set. 81, and was buried in Great S. Mary's, in the chancel whereof is his monument. In addition to the charities above mentioned he bequeathed £100 to the university to be lent gratis to an honest man, the better to enable him to buy good fish and fowl for the university, having observed much sickness occasioned by unwholesome food in that kind.
184 MISCELLANEOUS CHAEITIES.
executors to purchase lands for charitable purposes, in favour of the university of Cambridge, and the corporate towns of Wisbech, Cambridge, King's Lynn, and Ipswich, each body to receive a year's rent in rotation.
As respects the university, he directed the rent to be given by the vice-chancellor, the Regius professors of divinity, law and physic, the chief apothecary of the town, and the master of Caius college, to poor sick scholars.
Of the rent payable to the town of Cambridge £200 was to form a stock for loans of £20 each to poor young men freely for twenty years, and after this stock was raised, the rents were to be applied for relief of poor prisoners for debt or of poor women or men being in want.
Mr. Crane's benefaction to the town is now under the management of the following distributors : the vice-chancellor, the Regius professors of divinity, law and physic, the chief apothecary of the town, the mayor and four members of the town council elected annually. The treasurer of the borough receives one fifth part of each year's rent of the charity estates, which are situate at Fleet and Holbeach in the county of Lincoln.
The vice-chancellor of the university also re- ceives one fifth part of each year's rent.
Under a scheme for regulating Mr. Crane's charities which was sanctioned by the Court of Chancery, 25 November, 1859, his benefaction to this town is to be applied for the benefit of such hospital or hospitals, or other institution or institu-
MISCELLANEOUS CHARITIES. 185
tions of a charitable nature within the borough, or some parish contiguous thereto, as the distri- butors at a meeting held by them in the month of January in each year shall think proper to nominate.
A sermon is preached at Great S. Mary's before the Mayor and Council on the second Tuesday in October in every fourth year in commemoration of Mr. Crane's charities. The last of these sermons was preached in 1861 by the rev. John George Howes, M.A., incumbent of S. Mary the less and chaplain to the mayor.
FORRESTER'S CHARITY. — Susannah Forrester, of S. Margaret, Westminster, widow, by deed dated 17 September, 1726, conveyed to trustees an estate in the parish of All Saints, upon trust, after pro- viding for repairs, &c., an annual sermon at All Saints' church, and for an annual dinner for the officers and servants of that church and the trustees, to pay the residue of the rents and profits equally amongst five poor ancient widowers and five poor ancient widows of the parish of All Saints, and of sober life and conversation, for their lives if they should so long continue to inhabit that parish.
MRS. GOODALL'S CHARITIES. — Mrs. Elizabeth Good- all, by will dated 7th June, 1809, left an estate which was sold for £527. 5s. 3d. the proceeds to be lent to set up or assist sober, honest, and industrious tradesmen in business in the town of Cambridge, no person to have more than £10*0.
She also bequeathed £425 consols, the dividends to be applied in placing out children apprentices,
186 MISCELLANEOUS CHARITIES.
belonging to the parishes of S. Mary the great, the Holy Trinity or S. Edward, such children or their parents not being relieved by the parish.
CAMBEIDGE REFUGE. — This institution designed for the reformation of fallen women was established in 1838, and is situate southward of Christ church which it immediately adjoins.
William Adams, esq., in 1849 bequeathed £220, and Christopher Pemberton, esq., in 1850, £100.
THE FEMALE SERVANTS' TRAINING INSTITUTION, established by the late rev. James Scholefield, M.A., Regius professor of greek, is in Park side, Parker's piece. Christopher Pemberton, esq., in 1850 be- queathed £100 to the institution.
SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.
THE CAMBEIDGE UNION SOCIETY, established in or about 1811, by the union of several smaller societies of the like nature, has for its objects the promotion of debates, the maintenance of a library, and the supply of newspapers and other periodicals. (a)
The founders of the society were Henry Bickersteth lord Langdale, sir Frederick Pollock, sir Edward Hall Alderson, hon. Henry Robert Pakenham, George Chad (British Minister at the court of Berlin), John Samuel Martin Fonblanque, Frederick Vandermeulen, rev. John Gay Girdle- stone, S.C.L., and the rev. C. Holworthy.
The earlier records of the society are imperfect. Amongst those whose names are preserved as having, at successive periods, held office in the society, or taken part in its debates, we find the earl of Abingdon, A. S. Adair, H. Alford, C. Austin, Churchill Babington, M. T. Baines, A. F. Bayford, E. Beales, lord Belper, R. M. Beverley, J. W. Blakesley, G. Brimley, P. Borthwick, C. A. Bristed, C. Buller, H. M. Butler, W. D. Christie, sir A. E. Cockburn, lord Cranworth, sir E. J. Creasy, sir R. B. Crowder, J. W. Donaldson, C. J. Ellicott, H. Fawcett, earl Fitzwilliam, 0. Flintoff, J. C. Franks,
(a) In the Cambridge Portfolio, 176, is a paper on this society by George Venables, M.A., fellow of Jesus college.
188 SCIENTIFIC AND LITEKARY INSTITUTIONS.
Harvey Goodwin, hon. A. Gordon, sir James R. G. Graham, earl Grey, John Hampden Gurney, Russell Gurney, A. H. Hallam, H. Fitzmaurice Hallam, T. E. Hankinson, Julius Charles Hare, James Heywood, R. C. Hildyard, A. J. B. Hope, W. B. Hopkins, W. G. Humphry, A. Huxtable, J. M. Kemble, B. H. Kennedy, C. R. Kennedy, lord Kerry, A. W. Kinglake, S. Laing, W. G. Lumley, sir E. Bulwer Lytton, lord Macaulay, K. Macaulay, H. Maiden, B. H. Malkin, lord John Manners, F. Martin,
F. O. Martin, J. F. D. Maurice, C. Merivale, W. J. Metcalfe, R. M. Milnes, marquess of Normanby, sir James Parker, James Payn, T. P. Platt, "W. . M. Praed, M. Prendergast, sir T. N. Redington, J. H. Rohrs, sir John Romilly, Hugh James Rose, viscount Royston, C. J. Selwyn, T. Sheridan, Augustus Stafford, Leslie Stephen, A. Steuart, John Sterling, lord Stratheden and Campbell, viscount Strangford, Jelinger C. Symons, lord Teignmouth, W. M. Thackeray, Connop Thirlwall (bishop of S. David's), T. Thorp, J. Tozer, R. C. Trench, G. 0. Trevelyan,
G. S. Venables, C. Pelham Villiers, Horatio Wadding- ton, S. H. Walpole, W. Whewell, Rowland Williams, and sir George Young, bart.
Dr. Wood, then vice-chancellor, and the proctors, in March, 1817, went to the society's meeting, and commanded the members to discontinue their discussions as inconsistent with academical disci- pline. A petition complaining of this interference, signed by several masters of arts and noblemen, members of the society, was presented to the duke of Gloucester, chancellor of the university. The
SCIENTIFIC AND LITEKARY INSTITUTIONS. 189
members of the society also presented a remonstrance to the vice-chancellor, in which they demonstrated that each member on an average did not bestow more than ten hours per annum in attendance on the society's meetings, and that none could bestow more than forty hours. They denied that the society interfered with the studies of the members, and for proof stated that they had amongst them three uni- versity scholars, seven chancellors medallists, twelve Browne medallists, and several who had attained the highest mathematical honours. They alleged that the union tended to diminish attendance on other clubs and meetings, whose conduct was likely to be less orderly as their objects were less intellectual. They agreed (if the society could not be tolerated on other terms) to exclude political as they had ever done theological subjects, and they prayed that the society might not be put down at that particular period, when the suppression of societies bearing accidentally the same name might induce those unacquainted with the university to suppose it had been suppressed from political motives, and that its members had been guilty of seditious or treasonable language. To this remonstrance the vice-chancellor declined any answer as unnecessary. Ultimately the society was allowed to resume its meetings on the understanding that there should be no discussion on political questions, except such as fell within a floating period of twenty years anterior to the time of discussion. This restriction was abol- ished in 1830, and now the debates may be on any subject not strictly theological.
190 SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.
The society met for many years at the Red Lion hotel. It afterwards had spacious apartments ad- joining the Hoop hotel, whence in 1850 it removed to its present commodious rooms which are situate at the back of the southern side of Green street. The principal room in which the debates are held had been previously a Wesleyan meeting house.
A building rand which now exceeds £350 has been recently established, and is rapidly accumulating.
The society possesses a good historical and general library, containing nearly eight thousand volumes, besides a large and valuable collection of old news- papers bound in volumes. The news-rooms are pro- fusely supplied with newspapers and other periodical publications.
The number of members in June 1862 was four thousand four hundred and thirty-two, of whom nearly three hundred are contributing members.
THE CAMBRIDGE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY was es- tablished 15th November, 1819 for the purpose of promoting scientific inquiry, and of facilitating the communication of facts connected with the advance- ment of philosophy and natural history. (a)
(a) For particulars respecting the formation of this society see Otter's Life of Clarke, ii., 362, 477; Cambridge Portfolio, 121; and Jenyns'a Memoir of Professor Henslow, 17.
An attempt was made in 1683 to establish a Philosophical society at Cambridge, which was to co-operate with the Royal society. The chief promoters were Isaac Newton, Lucasian professor; Edward Paget, of Trinity college; and Charles Montagu (afterwards earl of Halifax). The famous Henry More, D.D. of Christ's college, promised to join the society, but it appears from a letter from Newton to Francis Aston, dated 23 Feb., 1683-4, that the project was abandoned from the want of persons willing to try experiments. — Weld's Hist, of the Royal Society, I., 305.
A literary society called the Zodiac club was established in the uni-
SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 191
The society was incorporated by a charter granted by William IV. 3rd August, 1832.
The meetings were held in the Museum of the Botanical garden till 1st May, 1820, when the society took possession of rooms in a large house in Sidney street, opposite to the entrance of Jesus lane ; whence in the autumn of 1833 it removed to a house in All Saints' passage, erected from the designs of Charles Humfrey, esq., architect, and held by lease of S. John's college. It is a spacious and convenient structure, having an excellent lecture room. In
versity, 10 Dec., 1725. It consisted of twelve members denominated from the twelve signs. In 1728 six additional members were elected who were called after six of the planets, but the original name of the society was retained. — Nichols's Lit. Anecd., vi., 228.
In 1758 the wranglers of the year established a club, called the Hyson club, which existed in 1774 when Isaac Milner was admitted a member. — Milner's Life of Milner, 9.
A society for the promotion of philosophy and general literature was established at Cambridge, 18th of February, 1784. The original members were Isaac Milner, Jacksonian professor, afterwards president of Queens' college; William Coxe, M.A. of King's college; Joseph Jowett, LL.D., Regius professor of civil law; Joseph Dacre Carlyle, M.A. of Queens' college, afterwards professor of arabic ; William Atkinson, M.A., fellow of Catharine hall, and afterwards fellow of Christ's College ; Henry William Coulthurst, M.A. of St. John's college, afterwards fellow of Sidney College ; and William Parish, M.A. of Magdalen college, afterwards successively pro- fessor of chemistry and Jacksonian professor. To these were afterwards added William Pearce, B.D., fellow of S. John's College, afterwards dean of Ely and master of Jesus college ; Samuel Vince, M.A., afterwards Plumian professor; Busick Harwood, M.B., professor of anatomy; Richard Relhan, M.A. of Trinity college ; Thomas Jones, M.A., of Trinity college ; Richard Person, M.A., fellow of Trinity college, afterwards Regius professor of greek ; J. F. F. Emperius, M.A. of Queens' college ; Thomas Martin, B.D., professor of botany; Miles Popple, M.A., fellow of Trinity college; J. J. Brundish, M.A., fellow of Caius College; Smithson Tennant, M.B., after- wards professor of chemistry ; F. J. Hyde Wollaston, afterwards Jacksonian professor ; and Henry Ainslie, M.A., fellow of Pembroke hall, afterwards M.D. For want of adequate support this society was dissolved within two years after its foundation. — Milner's Life of Milner, 19.
192 SCIENTIFIC AND LITEKABY INSTITUTIONS.
this house is also deposited a good scientific library and the museum of the society. (a)
A news-room in connection with the society was established 22nd May, 1821. A few years since however, circumstances occurred which rendered it expedient to dissolve the news-room.
The society, which numbers above five hundred members, has published nine volumes of transactions and part of a tenth.
The contributors to the transactions, wherein are papers of great merit and value, are: G. B. Airy, LL.D., astronomer royal ; James Alderson, M.A. ;
D. T. Ansted, M.A. ; C. Babbage, M.A. ; H. F. Baxter, M.K.C.S.L. ; B. Bevan ; H. J. H. Bond, M.D., Regius professor of physic; sir D. Brewster; Peter B. Brodie, M.A. ; Arthur Cayley, M.A. ; W. Cecil, M.A. ; James Challis, M.A., Plumian professor ; S. H. Christie, M.A. ; W. Clark, M.D., professor of anatomy;
E. D. Clarke, LL.D., professor of mineralogy ; H. Coddington, M.A. ; Homersham Cox, M.A. ; James Gumming, M.A., professor of chemistry; Augustus De Morgan, B.A. ; E. B. Denison, M.A. ; J. W. Donaldson, D.D. ; S. Earnshaw, M.A. ; R. L. Ellis, M.A. ; W. Farish, M.A., Jacksonian professor; Osmond Fisher, M.A. ; H. Goode, M.B. ; Harvey Goodwin, D.D. ; George Green, B.A. ; Olinthus Gregory, LL.D. ; J. Hailstone, M.A., Woodwardian professor ; J. Haviland, M.D., Regius professor of physic; R. B. Hayward, M.A. ; J. S. Henslow, M.A., professor of botany ; sir J. F. AY. Herschel ; Hamnett
(a) An account of this museum by the rev. Leonard Jenyns, M.A., is in Cambridge Portfolio, 127.
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. 193
Holditch, M.A. ; W. Hopkins, M.A. ; T. Jarrett, M.A., Regius professor of hebrew ; Leonard Jenyns, M.A. ; Philip Kelland, M.A. ; George Kemp, M.D. ; Joshua King, LL.D., Lucasian professor; S. Lee, D.D., Regius professor of hebrew; John Leslie, professor of ma- thematics, Edinburgh ; R. T. Lowe, M.A. ; J. W. Lubbock, M.A. ; Francis Lunn, M.A. ; W. Mandell, B.D. ; J. C. Maxwell, M.A. ; W. H. Miller, professor of mineralogy; Arthur Augustus Moore of Trinity college ; Pierce Morton, M.A. ; H. Moseley, M.A. ; Robert Murphy, M.A. ; Matthew O'Brien, M.A. ; J. Okes, M.B. ; Richard Owen, Hunterian professor in E.C.S. ; G. E. Paget, M.D. ; Robert Pearson, M.A. ; J. B. Phear, M.A. ; Richard Potter, M.A. ; Joseph Power, M.A. ; S. P. Rigaud, Savilian professor of astronomy, Oxford ; J. R. Rohrs, M.A. ; R. W. Rothman, LL.D. ; Adam Sedgwick, M.A., Woodwar- dian professor ; Archibald Smith, M.A. ; Francis Gybbon Spilsbury ; J. F. Stephens, F.L.S. ; G. G. Stokes, M.A., Lucasian professor; W. H. Thompson, M.A., Regius professor of greek; John Tozer, LL.D. ; "William Wallace, professor of mathematics, Edin- burgh; Henry Warburton, M.A. ; Hensleigh Wedg- wood, M.A. ; William Whewell, D.D. ; Robert Willis, M.A. ; and J. R. Young, professor of mathematics, Belfast college.
THE CAMBRIDGESHIRE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY was established 10th of March, 1824.
THE PHILO UNION OR CAMBRIDGE LITERARY SOCIETY was established 8th of July, 1826, for the discussion of all topics except those of a theological nature. It has a well supplied news-room and an useful library.
VOL. III. O
194 LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS.
The society originally met at the Woolpack inn, on the eastern side of Sidney street, whence it re- moved to the Wrestlers inn, Petty cury, and finally to the commodious premises on the western side of Sidney street which it now occupies.
The number of members is about two hundred and thirty. With a few exceptions they are in- habitants of the town.(a)
THE CAMBRIDGE RAY CLUB was established 27th of February, 1837, for the cultivation of natural science by means of friendly intercourse and mutual instruction, and adopted its title in commemoration of the great naturalist John Ray, formerly fellow of Trinity college, and the anniversary is held on the Wednesday nearest to the 29th of November, being the day on which it is supposed Mr. Ray was born.(Z°
The following is a list of the present and former members and associates: J. C. Adams, M.A., Lown- dean professor ; H. Airy, B.A. ; D. T. Ansted, M.A. ; John Anthony, M.B. ; F. Archer, B.A. ; C. C. Bab-
(a) On the 9th of January, 1784, was established in Cambridge a society for promoting useful knowledge, which was commonly deno- minated the Book club. The number of members was limited to fifty. It met weekly at the Bull inn, and had a good library containing above two thousand volumes. This society was dissolved in or about 1841.
(6) It was the custom of the late professor Henslow to receive at his house upon the evening of each Friday in full term such members of the university as took an interest in natural history. These hospitable receptions, which tended greatly to encourage and support the study of botany and zoology amongst the undergraduates, commenced on the 15th of February 1828, and were regularly continued until the end of the year 1836. Their discontinuance led to the formation of the Ray club.
LITERAEY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. 195
ington, M.A., professor of botany; Churcliill Babing- ton, B.D. ; W. P. Baily, B.D. ; John Ball, M.A. ; R. C. Barnard, B.A. ; J. Barton, B.A. ; T. W. Bed- dome, B.A. ; Edward Bell, B.A. ; F. P. Blackwood, Capt. R.N. ; E. N. Bloomfield, M.A. ; W. Borrer, M.A. ; G. J. Brownlow, B.A. ; S. Charles, M.A. ; Hamlet Clark, M.A. ; W. Clark, M.D., professor of anatomy; R. B. Clifton, M.A.; D. W. Cohen, M.D. ; W. T. Collings, M.A. ; G. R. Crotch ; J. Gumming, M.A., professor of chemistry ; W. Davies ; W. H. Drosier, M.D. ; J. W. Dunning, M.A. ; Howard Warburton Elphinstone, M.A.; H. Evans, M.A.; Osmond Fisher, M.A. ; A. W. Franks, M.A. ; R. T. Frere, M.A. ; Frederick Fuller, M.A. ; W. L. P. Garnons, B.D. ; J. C. Gorst, M.A. ; D. F. Gregory, M.A. ; J. W. Haslehurst, B.A. ; H. Hanson, B.A ; G. Henslow, M.A. ; J. H. Henslow, M.A., professor of botany; H. W. Hoffman; F. J. A. Hort, M.A. ; J. S. Howson, M.A.; R. Hudson, M.A. ; T. Me Kenny Hughes, M.A. ; G. M. Humphry, M.D. ; E. G. Jarvis, M.B. ; H. G. Jebb, B.A. ; W. T. Kingsley, B.D. ; C. D. Larbalestier, B.A. ; R. G. Latham, M.D. ; Lester Lester, F.L.S. ; W. A. Lewis, M.B. ; E. Liveing, M.B. ; G. D. Liveing, M.A., professor of chemistry; F. du Bois Lukis; W. C. Lukis, M.A. ; F. L. Mackenzie ; W. Matthews, M.A. ; J. C. Maxwell, M.A. ; W. H. Miller, professor of mineralogy; A. G. More, F.L.S. ; W. C. Newnham, M.A. ; E. Newton, M.A. ; G. E. Paget, M.D. ; S. G. Phear, M.A. ; J. H. Pollexfen, M.A. ; R. Potter, M.A. ; J. A. Power, M.A. ; Joseph Power, M.A. ; T. A. Preston, M.A. ; J. J. Pulleine; A. Ransome, M.A. ; S. H. Saxby, B.A. ; A. F. Sealy, M.A. ; Adam Sedg-
02
196 LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS.
wick, M.A., Woodwardian professor; P. A. Simpson, M.A. ; J. J. Smith, M.A. ; T. B. Sprague, M.A. ; James Statter; G. G. Stokes, M.A., Lucasian professor; W. H. Stokes, M.A. ; Gr. Strachey, B.A. ; Henry Cum- berland Stuart, M.A. ; Frederick Townsend, M.A. ; J.
B. Wilson, M.A. ; T. V. Wollaston, M.A. ; C. Wolley, M.A. ; and F. B, Wright, B.A.
The society consists of twelve members and not more than six associates. No person above the de- gree of B.A. can be an associate.
The late professor Henslow was an honorary member of the club, but it was expressly provided that no other person residing in Cambridge should possess that rank.
THE CAMBRIDGE ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY was estab- lished in May, 1840, for the encouragement of the study of history, architecture and antiquities, and the object of the society is to collect and to print information relative to the above mentioned subjects.
The society has published several curious and interesting works and communications.
Subjoined is a list of the authors and editors of the publications of the society and the contributors to its transactions: C. C. Babington, M.A., professor of botany ; Churchill Babington, B.D. ; H. Brad- shaw, M.A. ; T. Brocklebank, M.A. ; W. K. Clay, B.D. ;
C. H. Cooper, F.S.A. ; G. E. Corrie, D.D. ; B. M. Cowie, B.D. ; sir Henry Dryden, bart. ; A. W. Franks, M.A. ; C. W. Goodwin, M.A. ; James Goodwin, B.D. ; J. O. Halliwell, F.S.A. ; C. Hardwick, M.A. ; J. S. Henslow, M.A., professor of botany ; H. R.
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. 197
Luardj M.A. ; J. E. B. Mayor, M.A. ; C. H. New- march, M.A. ; J. Rigg, B.D. ; W. Gr. Searle, M.A. ; J. J. Smith, • M.A. ; E. Venables, M.A. ; E. Ventris, M.A. ; Albert Way, M.A. ; Gr. Williams, B.D. ; R. Willis, M.A., Jacksonian professor ; and H. A. Wood- ham, LL.D.
The society possesses a small library and a collection of antiquities. The latter is deposited in the Fitzwilliam museum.
Its meetings are now held in the Philosophical society's house.
THE CAMBRIDGE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY was estab- lished 19th of November, 1846, for promoting the study of ecclesiastical architecture, arrangement and decoration. (a)
The society, which meets in the Philosophical society's house, has a small library, and a good collection of drawings and photographs.
(a) In May, 1839, was instituted the Cambridge Camden society for promoting the study of ecclesiastical architecture and antiquities and the restoration of mutilated architectural remains. It flourished here till 1846, when, a great secession taking place, such of its members as re- mained transferred it to London, and gave it the title of the Ecclesiological society.
ALL SAINTS.
IN order to distinguish it from another church also dedicated to All Saints which formerly existed near the Castle, this was anciently designated the church of Allhallows in the Jewry, (a) or All- hallows by the hospital. (i) It is said that this church was given to the abbey of S. Alban in the time of Paul 14th abbat (1077-93.) It was subsequently granted by William Sturmi de Can- tabrigia to the nuns of S. Rhadegund, who in 1180 obtained its appropriation, (c) and on the dis- solution of their house it passed to Jesus college. The parish of S. Rhadegund is said to have been united to this about 1291.(d)
The church is an unpretending structure prin- cipally in the late perpendicular style. The side windows have been much altered. Clerestory windows in dormers have been ingeniously added without disfiguring the roof. At the western end is a tower with an archway, under which is the footpath.
The chancel erected by Jesus college in 1726 at a cost of £199. 4s. 2d. is of brick, in the miser- able style which too generally prevailed at that period.
The nave has four-centred arches and a rich double hammer-beam roof with small pierced panels.
(a) The Jews settled in Cambridge 1073, and left it 1291.
(b) That is the hospital of S, John the Evangelist which stood opposite. (e) Vol. i. 356. (d) Vol. i. 359.
NTS.
it from another church iiits \yhich formerly existed :'iis was anciently design; • ' clnnv Ulhallows i
hospi:
eh, g-iven to the ab<
the 'aul 14th abb
sub> !.)• granted by Willi
t^brig 'iu? nuns of • S. Kh;
11- ined 'its appropriation,^ and on t
xsolutior* of their house it passed The parish of S. Khadegund is said to united 'to 1
The church cipally in the. lat windov in dor-
jit tat
rich double
... panels.
ich stood oj
ALL SAINTS. 199
The altar-piece is composed of columns support- ing an entablature and broken pediment of the doric order, under which is a copy of the Salvator Mundi of Carlo Dolci.
The font is of good perpendicular.
At the eastern end of the north aisle was a chapel. In 1724, the step by the altar remained with a niche in the north wall, wherein had been placed the image of a saint. On the pedestal were two shields, one having a coat of arms (barry of six), and the other a rebus, which is supposed to have designated the name of Armstrong.
On one of the bells is inscribed
sono ammabus moriuoiuw grt auribus btbcmium. 1406.
MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS :
In the church and chancel.
Isaac Barrowe, M.D. [1616] and Anne his wife, relict of Geo. Cotton of Baufield hall, Essex, esq. [1589]. Erected Sept. 1631, by Eliz. wife of sir Philip Llanden of Lincolnsh. bart. in re- membrance of a great deal of love never to be forgotten showed unto her by Dr. Barrowe who had married her grandmother.
Susanna wife of Hen. Mordaunt of Thunderley, Essex, esq., 18 Dec. 1622.
Joh. Hammond, vintner, June 1628. W
Martha wife of Kob. Luckin, M.A. of Sid. coll., 19 Jul. 1628.
Parents of Geo. Potter of Sid. coll. and Eliz. ; father, 8 May, 1658, mother 11 Aug., 1666. J>
(a) He kept the Dolphin tavern. The following verses referring to him were formerly on a brass near the altar :
Spiritus ascendit generosi Nectaris Astra, Juxta altare Calix hie jacet ecce Sacrum, Corporum Avaa-Tta-li cum fit communio magna. Unio tune fuerit Nectaris et Calicis.
(&) This absurd epitaph does not disclose the Christian names of the deceased.
200
ALL SAINTS.
Cha. Strachie, M.B. (only son of Kob. Strachie, M.D.) 23 Feb. 1687-8.
Rich. Shipton, B.A. Trin. coll., 7 Jul. 1692, set. 23.
Dorothy wife of Will. Strange, merchant, 24 Dec. 1698, aet. 63; Walter their son, B.D. and fell, of Sid. coll. 15 Mar. 1697, ag. 40; B. Dent, 7 April, 1743, ag. 73; Aylmer, 22 Apr. 1745, ag. 53.
Tho. D'aye, esq., 3 Jan. 1701, aet. 39.
Rich. Bassett (in whom the ancient and noble line of the Bassetts of Fledborough in Nottinghamshire, who came in with Will, the conqueror, is extinct) 7 Dec. 1702, ag. 87 ; Edw. Jolley, esq. 1705, aet. 80 ; Eliz. his w°. 10 May, 1707, ag. 77.
Ambr. Bonwicke/") sch. S. Joh. coll., 5 May, 1714, aet. 23; Phil, his bro., 14 Mar. 1714-5, set. 18.
Mrs. Lucy Vernon, d. on journey between Spalding and Much Hadham, 6 Dec. 1720.
Will. Williams, S. Joh. coll. (only son of Will. rect. of Stoke upon Team, Salop) born cal. Apr. 1713, d. 11 cal. Mar. 1731.
Susanna Forester widow (dau. of Edrn. Salter, gent.) born in this parish June, 1655, d. in S. Margaret's, Westminster, 31 Jan. 1732, and who left an estate for the benefit, of the parish.
Edw. Salisbury, organist Trin. coll., 7 Jul. 1741, ag. 35; Margaret his mother, 24 Dec. 1749, ag. 85 ; Susanna Stephens, 12 Feb. 1663.
John Newling, alderman, 4 Feb. 1748, ag. 33.
Salusbury Jones, M.A., fell. S. Joh. coll. and chapl. to bp. of Carlisle (2 son of Joh. of Galltvayman co. Denbigh, esq.) 31 May, 1763, ag. 28.
Joh. Powell, B.D., fell. Trin. coll., 3 Feb. 1765, set. 43.
Hen. Neve (ed. in Charterhouse) S. Joh. coll., prid. id. Jun. 1768, aet. 16.
Will. Weales, 5 Mar. 1773, ag. 73 ; Mary his wife, 23 Apr. 1774, ag. 75; Eliz. their dau., 8 Feb. 17..., ag. 8.
(a) His father Ambrose Bonwicke, sometime master of Merchant Taylor's school, published his life under the title of " A Pattern for young students in the Universities, set forth in the Life of Mr. Ambrose Bonwicke, sometime Scholar of S. John's College, Cambridge." Lond. 12mo. 1729. Oxf. 12mo. 1846.
ALL SAINTS. 201
Ja. Gifford, alderman, 7 Dec. 1774, ag. 60 ; Martha his wife, 2 Oct. 1769, ag. 57; Eob. their son, 30 Mar. 1775, ag. 4; Harriet Elizabeth their dau., 7 Nov. 1775, ag. 6 mo. 20 days.
Tho. Prince, apothecary, 4 Sept. 1782, ag. 58.
Will. Norfolk [alderman] 6 Feb. 1785, ag. 86 j Susan his wife, 22 Mar. 1773, ag. 63.
Will. Gifford, gent., 10 Dec. 1786, ag. 41.
Anne wife of Joh. Lettice and dau. of Joh. Newling, 6 id. Jan. 1788.
Sam. Munk, pens. Trin. coll., 1 Jan. 1791, at. 18.
J. E. Ives, S. Joh. coll., prid. id. Nov. 1791, set. 20.
Joh. Masters, 18 June, 1793, ag. 67.
Hen. Kirke White of S. Joh. coll., b. 21 March, 1785, died 19 Oct., 1806. (Medallion by Chantrey.)
Warm with fond hope, and Learnings sacred flame, To Granta's bowers the youthful Poet came; TJnconquer'd powers th' immortal mind display'd, But, worn with anxious thought, the frame decay'd. Pale o'er his lamp, and in his cell retir'd, The Martyr Student faded and expir'd. O Genius, Taste, and Piety sincere, Too early lost 'midst studies too severe ! Foremost to mourn was generous Southey seen : He told the tale, and shew'd what White had been : Nor told in vain, far o'er the Atlantic wave A wanderer came, and sought the Poet's grave. On yon low stone he saw his lonely name, And rais'd this fond memorial to his fame.^°)
WplliamJ S[myth].
Joh. Edm. Lodge of Ingleton, Yorkshire, and of Trin. coll., b. 7 Jul. 1789, d. 1 Feb. 1808.
Tho. Cubitt, schol. Trin. coll., 4 Nov. 1811, get. 23.
Ja. Gifford [sometime alderman] (eld. son of Ja., alderman) 21 Jan. 1813, ag. 73 ; his sixth sou Lucius Hen., lieut. R.N.,
(a) This tablet was erected by Mr. Boott an American gentleman, who found that the only previously existing memorial of the gifted poet, was a plain stone in the chancel, inscribed " HENRY K.IRKE WHITE," and which is still to be seen.
202 ALL SAINTS.
died off Toulon, 26 Sep. 1812, ag. 29; his seventh son Theo- philus Joh. lieut. 52 reg., killed in battle in Portugal, 14 Mar. 1811, ag. 23.
Rich. Nethercoat Cooke, sch. Trin. coll. (eld. son of Rich., esq., of Kent) 3 non. Jan. 1819, aet. 23.
Tho. Blundell, B.A. sch. Trin. coll., 3 Mar. 1819, aet. 22.
Cha. Field (only son of Cha.) Trin. coll., U Mar. 1825, aet. 19.
Sam. Parr Howe Eyre, schol. S. Joh. coll. (younger son of rev. Ja. of Solihull, Warw.) 1 Feb. 1826, ag. 21.
Eliz. Theodora, wife of Sam. Hunter Christie, esq., M.A., F.R.S., eld. dau. of Cha. Claydon, b. 21 Jun. 1784, d. 27 May, 1829.
Alex. Scott Abbott, surgeon, [sometime alderman] 30 Sept. 1843, ag. 53 ; Jane his wife, 16 Nov. 1844, ag. 55 ; Cha. Graham their son, 7 Feb. 1837, ag. 6.
Will. Bate Strong, Trin. coll. 3 Nov. 1843, ag. 29.
Hen. Mackenzie, schol. Trin. coll. 13 Oct. 1853, ag. 25, bur. in cem. of S. Luke, Chelsea; Fran. Lewis Mackenzie, Trin. coll. 15 Mar. 1855, ag. 21, bur. in churchyard of Madingley. Only sons of lord Mackenzie, one of the judges of the supreme court of Scotland.
In the old churchyard.
Elizabeth wife of Joh. Forlow, 15 Aug. 1783, ag. 58 ; John Forlow [alderman] 27 Aug. 1789, ag. 58.
Matilda wife of Nich. marq. Spineto, 13 kal. Sept. 1812, aet. 26.
Joh. Ince Straghan, pens. S. Joh. coll. (born in Barbados) 28 Nov. 1830, set. 25.
Elliot Macro Smith [sometime alderman] (son of Tho. and Cath.) 25 June, 1845, ag. 62 ; Harriet his wife, 12 Mar. 1849, ag. 71.M
(a) In the chancel is a large stone on which there has been a mag- nificent brass. It is probable that it commemorated Richard Holme, licentiate in both the laws, canon of York and Sarum, and master of King's hall, who died 1424. (See Vol. II, 205, 223.)
ALL SAINTS. 203
In the new churchyard.
Elizabeth Maddison, 27 Aug. 1849, ag. 75.
Harriott wife of Dennis Adams, 30 Jan. 1853, eet. 42. (A fine marble statuette.)
Henry Erskine Howe, 1st classical professor at Melbourne university, appointed July, 1854, d. 5 Feb. 1855, ag. 29.
John Pratt, organist to King's college and the university for 53 years, d. 9 March, 1855, ag. 83.
Cordelia wife of William Whewell, D.D., master of Trin. coll. 18 Dec. 1855, ag. 52.
George Brimley, M.A., Trin. coll. 29 May, 1857, ag. 37.
John GiUam Bell, solicitor, b. 24 Feb. 1826, d. 14 March, 1859.
In this church was a famous gild called the gild of All Saints, (a) and we find mention of the lights of the holy sepulchre and the crucifixion.
There were formerly inscriptions in the church to :
Nich. Waller of Sid. coll. and Gray's inn (eld. son of G. Waller of Beverley, esq.) 24 Feb. 1631.
Edw. Goring (eld. son of an esq.) Trin. coll. 1661, set. 17.
Rich. Nicolson, B.A. of S. Joh. coll. (young, son of Rich, of Fenwick, Yorksh.) Ash AVednesday, 1674.
Geo. second son of Geo. Meriton of Northallerton, Yorksh. and Mary his wife, 14 Aug. 1680.
In 1724 there was in the churchyard an ancient coffin stone, embellished with angels and a cross flory extending all over it.
The registers which commence in 1538, record the following burials:
1540, Apr. 30, Joh. Belt, fell, of King's hall.
1541-2, Mar. 8, Geoffrey Blythe, LL.D. master of King's hall.
1622, Sept. 1, William Gayer, D.C.L. chancellor of the diocese of Ely, [a noted latin poet].
1628, Apr. 15, Francis Brackyn, esq. [sometime recorder.]
1631-2, Mrs. Gayer [probably the widow of Dr. Gayer.]
1642, Sept. 30, Rob. Allot, M.D. of S. Joh. coll.
1720, Jul. 12, Joh. Agate, D.D. of Sid. coll.
1720-1, Jan. 26, Eliz. Ewin, widow, said to be 104 years old.
1721, Sept. 10, Tho. Ewin, alderman.
1730, Aug. 26, Rob. Green, D.D. of Clare hall.
1747, Nov. 19, Rich. Allin, B.D. fell, of Sid. coll.
(a) It appears from the statutes of this gild, dated 1473, that the prin- cipal day was the Sunday next after the feast of All Saints. The officers were an alderman, two masters, a clerk, and a dean. At every general
204 ALL SAINTS.
William Dowsing, the fanatical iconoclast, visit- ing this church 1 Jan. 1643-4, thus records his proceedings : " We brake down divers superstitious pictures and 8 cherubims."
Thomas Hill, D.D., master of Trinity college, (1645-53), established a lecture in this church.
Amongst the eminent men who have been min- isters or curates, may be mentioned Lionel Gatford, D.D. ; Lynford Caryl, D.D. ; John Jortin, D.D. ; Edward Otter, bishop of Chichester ; Edward Daniel Clarke, LL.D., and Thomas Smart Hughes, B.D.
In 1859, it was agreed to take down the pre- sent church and erect another on the southern side of Jesus lane immediately opposite Jesus college, on a site given by the master and fellows of that society. Above £4000 has been subscribed, (a) and a plan has been prepared by G. F. Bodley, esq. architect.
We have already mentioned Mrs. Susannah Forester's charity, (i) and Knight's and Mortlock's almshouses.(c) Other benefactors to the church and poor have been : Will. Headley, 1588, 46s. 8d. yearly to the poor ; Hob. Strachie, M.D., of Bishop's
day the alderman was allowed a gallon of ale, each of the masters and the clerk a pottle, and the dean a quart. The clerk was also allowed \6d. yearly and the dean Sd. The vicar had 4s. 4d. yearly. On the death of a brother or sister, 30 masses were to be sung, and 4rf. a week was allowed for brethren or sisters fallen into old age or great poverty. A supplemental statute bears date 1504. — MS. Baiter, xxxvi. 171.
(a) Trinity and S. John's colleges have given £500 each : Dr. "VVhewell, master of Trinity college the same sum; Jesus college (besides the site) £100 ; Dr. Turton, bishop of Ely, the rev. W. C. Sharpe, B.D., late vicar, and lady Affleck, £100 each; Dr. Bayes, the rev. F. Martin, M.A., fellow of Trinity college, and Mr. Thomas Howe, £50 each.
(6) Vol. ill. 185. (c) Vol. in. 173.
ALL SAINTS. 205
Stortford, 1704, a silver flagon weighing 36oz. ; Anne, his widow, 1706, £30 interest to the poor; Cha. Ashton, D.D., master of Jesus college, 1726 and 1748, £28 to the fabric ; Hen. Bromley, lord Mont- fort, 1748, an altar-piece ; Onesiphorus Berridge, rector of Alderchurch, Lincolnshire, 1748, a velvet pannel ; Sam. Forlow, 1777, 10s. a year to the poor ; Rob. Franks, 1783, £100 the interest to the poor.
The ancient religious and academical foundations within this parish, were the nunnery of S. Kha- degund,(a) (now Jesus college), the hospital of S. John the Evangelist, (b} (now S. John's college), the house of S. Francis, (c) (now Sidney Sussex college), and King's hall,(d) (now part of Trinity college.)
In this parish were formerly famous inns called the Dolphin, w the White Bear,(/> and the Sun>> The Blue Boar which still exists, is of considerable antiquity.
The Friends have a meeting house in Jesus lane.(A)
(a) Vol. I. 354. (b) Vol. II. 58.
(c) Vol. III. 1. (d) Vol. II. 194.
(e) The Dolphin was at the corner of what is now called All Saints passage, but which was for centuries called Dolphin passage. Archbishop Cranmer vacated his fellowship at Jesus college, by marrying the niece of the landlady of the Dolphin, and after his marriage lived with her at this inn. Many years afterwards we find her derisively termed black Joan of the Dolphin. In the early part of the seventeenth century, the judges of assize lodged at the Dolphin. Over the door was the motto in greek, latin, and english, " Drink or begone."
(/) At the White Bear in Trinity street, the committee for the asso- ciated counties during the civil war, held their meetings.
(g) Vol. II. 247. The Sun which ceased to be an inn about 1840, occupied the site of the Master's court, Trinity college.
(A) For many years past there have not been any of the society resident in Cambridge ; it is therefore only occasionally used for purposes of worship. The Free Library was kept therein from 1855 to 1862, and it is now let as a Temperance hall.
206 ALL SAINTS.
A street in this parish, which since 1836 has gone by the unmeaning name of Park street, was previously known as Garlic fair lane, being so called because on or near its site was until 1808, holden yearly on the vigil and feast of the assumption of B. V. Mary (14, 15 Aug.), a fair which had been granted to the nuns of S. Rhadegund by king Stephen, (a) and which ultimately obtained the name of Garlic fair.
On the southern side of Jesus lane, opposite to Jesus college, stood an ancient mansion called S. Rhadegund's manor-house. In a chamber window were the arms of Hen. VIII. and of Goodrich, bishop of Ely. It was pulled down in or about 1829.
(a) Vol. i. 354.
-urely i.
prior and convent of
>urgh, bishop of Ely, soon
the office of
u it
ho are
The
this chui-ch is men-
Oil 1 of
•
>.yed j
afterwards ho\\ ever, it was rebuilt, princi]
Christopher Rose, alderman.
S. ANDREW THE GREAT.
ABSALOM, rector and patron of this church, gave the same, about 1226, to the prior and convent of Ely ; and Geoffr y de Burgh, bishop of Ely, soon afterwards appropriated the same to the office of sacrist in that monastery. On the dissolution it passed to the dean and chapter of Ely, who are patrons of the benefice.
Near the church stood a gate, called Barnwell gate, which was erected in 1267 during the wars between king Henry III. and his barons. The church and parish were on this account anciently denominated the church and parish of S. Andrew without Barnwell gate.
The gild of S. Catharine in this church is men- tioned in 1500.
James Stanley, bishop of Ely, on the 12th of December, 1506, changed the feast of dedication from S. Andrew's day to the day of the feast of the resur- rection of our Lord.
In 1650 the church was so decayed that it was ready to fall, and the parishioners being unable to repair it, the commissioners appointed for pro- viding preaching ministers recommended that this church should be united to Trinity church. Shortly afterwards however, it was rebuilt, principally through the munificence of Christopher Rose, alderman.
208 S. ANDREW THE GREAT.
The church erected by Mr. Rose and his co- adjutors (and in which the old materials were to some extent employed) was a low mean structure with a tower (rebuilt 1772). There was a plain octagonal font.
The present church designed by Ambrose Poynter, esq. architect, and erected by subscription, (a) was consecrated by Dr. Allen, bishop of Ely, 19 Oct., 1843.
The structure is of stone. There is a good tower at the western end, but the only chancel is a shallow recess.
The interior has galleries at the western end and on each side. The eastern window is filled with stained glass.
The font is octagonal in the perpendicular style.
MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS :
In the church.
John Collins of Leicestershire, B.A. scholar of Christ's coll. 3 id. Jul. 1618, set. 22.
Bic. Humfrey, son of Bic. Humfrey, esq. and born at Hanfield, Essex, fell. com. of Chr. coll. 7 Aug. 1659, aet. 18.
(a) The subscription was set on foot in 1836. The principal contributors were Frederick Thackeray, M.B. ; Tho. Hall Fisher, esq.; and Mr. Tho. Stamford "VVoodley, £110 each. Tho. Fisher, esq.; Geo. Langshaw, B.D., vicar; Joseph Truslove, esq ; James Law, sometime alderman, £105 each. Christ's college, £105. Hugh Percy, duke of Northumberland, £100. Dean and chapter of Ely, £100. Mrs. Eedfarn, £100. James Wood, D.D., dean of Ely and master of S. John's college; and Edward Favell, some- time alderman, £57. 10s., each. Geo. Archdall, D.D., master of Emm. coll., £55. Mr. Moses Browne ; and "VV. N. Heale, esq. of Christ's coll., £52. 10s., each. Emmanuel college, £50. Miss Hatch, £50. Above £500 was realised by a bazaar held in the Guildhall, loth to 18th of Nov. 1837.
... GREAT.
by Mr. Row a
lerials
a low mean structure .ebuilt 1772). There was a plain
designed by Ambrose Poynter, iut-ect, and erected by subscription, (fl) was ted . L>r. Allen, bishop of Ely, 19 Oct.,
The structure is of st at the western end, but shallow recess.
The interior has galleries at tin- on each side. The eastern windov. with stained glass.
The font is octagonal in the perpendicular style.
MONUMENTAL
John C< * id. Jul.
Tho.
. B.D.,
:iw, some! "ian, £105 each.
duke of Northumberland, £100.
irn, £100. Jamee Wood, K.D.,
r.dward Favell, some-
Geo. Arch-.UH, D.D., master of Emm.
and W. N. IL --f Christ's coll.,
''•atch, £5.0. Above
iri the Guildhall, 15th to 18th of
S. ANDREW THE GREAT. 209
Isaac Aleyn, eldest son of Giles Aleyn, esq. born at Haxley, Essex, died in Christ's coll. 26 Jul. 1661, set. 16.
Chris. Rose, esq. [alderman] 30 Aug. 1664, the chief re- builder of this (once ruin'd) church, who bequeathed to the minister of this place for ever, the yearly sum of £10, who in consideration thereof, is to preach his commemoration sermon every 30th of August.
Edw. Osborne, B.A. of Eman. coll, 6 Sept. 1668, son of Thomas Osborne and Anne his wife, and born at Mundham, Norfolk, 14 Feb. 1648.
James Robson, gent, alderman, 27 Sept. 1676, set. 48 ; James Robson his son of Caius coll. student in civil law, 6 March, 1686, set. 22; Catharine Robson, daughter of aid. Robson, 14 Feb. 1709, set. 38 ; Jane his widow, 1727, set. 88.
Dan. Yate, M.A. fell. Eman. coll. 18 Mar. 1676, aet. 28.
Joh. Wolryche, esq. student of Christ's coll. 1679, set. 16. Erected by his only brother sir Tho. Wolryche of Dudmaston, Salop, bart.
Henry Cornwall, LL.D. 29 Sept. 1699, aet. 58 ; Susanna his sister, wife of Joh. Baines, cook, 17 Nov. 1700, aet. 42.
Joh. Bernard, gent. stud, of Sid. coll. 1 May, 1703, set. 18.
Tho. Fairmeadow, M.A. rector of Ansty, Herts, and sometime fell, of Chr. coll. 15 June, 1711, set. 67.
Dr. John Edwards, formerly fell, of S. Joh. coll. a learned and pious divine, laborious and useful writer, and an excellent preacher, 16 Apr. 1716, ag. 79; Catharine his wife, 14 Jan.
1743, ag. 81 ; her brother's widow, Mary Newcome, mother of rev. Dr. Joh. Newcome, master of S. Joh. coll. 24 Aug.
1744, ag. 83 ; Dorothy Newcome, her daughter, 30 Jan. 1758, ag. 73.
Rob. Cha. Stoddart, stud, of Chr. coll. 5 Feb. 1732, set. 20, son of the vicar of Eglingham, Northumberland.
Will. Boys, 16 Dec. 1722, set. 29, only son of Will. Boys of Kelsale, Suffolk, clerk, and Elizabeth his wife, daughter of sir Tho. Cullum of Hawsted, in the same county, bart.
Oilman Wall, apothecary, 19 Jan. 1760, ag. 36 ; Mary VOL. III. p
210 S. ANDREW THE GREAT.
Davies, wife of Morgan Gwynn Davies, esq. and daughter
of Gilman and Elizabeth Wall, 2 Feb. 1782, ag. 30; Lydia
Wall, daughter of Gilman and Elizabeth, 21 Jul. 1789, ag. 32 ;
Gilman Wall, apothecary, 15 March, 1790, ag. 67; Mary
Wall, 23 Jan. 1796, ag. 75.
Will. Ashby, youngest son of Shukburgh Ashby, esq. of
Blaby, Leicestersh. and stud, of Chr. coll. 27 Aug. 1760,
»t. 22.
Tho. Wiseman, aid. and J.P. mayor 1749 and 1760, 20
Apr. 1764, ag. 71.
Leonard Chappelow, B.D. arable professor 48 years, and
sometime fell, of S. Joh. coll. a very pious and learned
man, 14 Jan. 1768, ag. 75; Mary his relict, 30 Jul. 1779,
ag. 88.
Geo. Fowler, fel. com. Chr. coll. 20 Jul. 1775, set. 28. In Memory of Captain James Cook, of the Royal Navy, one of the most celebrated navigators, that this, or former ages can boast of; who was killed by the natives of Owyhee, in the Pacific Ocean, on the 14th day of February, 1779 ; in the 51st year of his age. Of Mr. Nathaniel Cook, who was lost with the Thunderer Man of War, Captain Boyle Walsingham, in a most dreadful hurricane, in October, 1780, aged 16 years. Of Mr. Hugh Cook, of Christ's College, Cambridge, who died on the 21st of December, 1793; aged 17 years. Of James Cook, esq. commander in the Royal Navy, who lost his life on the 25th of January, 1794; in going from Pool, in the Spitfire Sloop of War, which he com- manded; in the 31st year of his age. Of Elizabeth Cook, who died April 9th, 1771, aged 4 years. Joseph Cook, who died Sept. 13th, 1768, aged 1 month. George Cook, who died Oct. 1st 1772, aged 4 months. All children of the first mentioned Capt. James Cook by Elizabeth Cook, who sur- vived her husband 56 years, and departed this life 13th May, 1835, at her residence at Clapham, Surrey, in the 94th year of her age. Her remains are deposited with those of her sons, James and Hugh, in the middle aisle of thia church.
Mary wife of Joh. Bones, 30 Aug. 1786, ag. 29; Joh. Bones, solicitor, 21 Nov. 1813, ag. 66.
S, ANDREW THE GREAT, 211
Job. Fisher, 1795, ag. 79; Elizabeth his wife; Thomas their son, 1839, ag. 93 ; Sarah his wife, 1834, ag. 73 ; Sarah and Harriet their daughters.
Joh. Favell, 14 May, 1804, ag. 64; Elizabeth his wife, 13 Oct. 1840, ag. 93 ; John Favell, their son, ensign 20th foot, 4 Nov. 1799, of wounds in action at Baccum, interred in the cathedral of Leyden ; Samuel Favell, their son, capt. 61st foot, fell at Salamanca, 21 Jul. 1812; William Anthony Favell, their son, ensign 61st foot, fell near Toulouse, 10 Apr. 1814; James Favell, their son employed in exploring the shores of Africa, died from effects of the climate at Delagoa bay, 13 Apr. 1823 ; Thomas Favell, their son, comm. R.N. 31 July, 1833, ag. 52 ; Edward Favell, their son [sometime alderman], 6 June, 1854, set. 67.
Tho. Thackeray, surgeon, 27 Nov. 1806, ag. 70. His afflicted family in erecting this tablet to his memory, forbear to fill it with superfluous praise and useless lamentation. May they who knew him best and loved him most, praise him in their future lives, by a remembrance of his example and an imitation of his virtues;'0) Lydia, his widow, 8 Oct. 1830, ag. 93.
Joseph Butcher, solicitor [and alderman], 25 Feb. 1814, set. 71.
Joseph Wilson, stud, of Chr. coll. 1 Apr. 1815, aet. 19.
Susan wife of Hen. Gunning, 28 Mar. 1817, ag. 42 ; Hen Gunning [M.A.] esq. bedel for upwards of 64 years, died at Brighton, 4 Jan. 1854, ag. 88.
Ja. Fowler Taylor, second son of Joh. Taylor, esq. of Bradford house, near Bolton, and stud, of Eman. coll. 7 May, 1821, ag. 25.
Jane, wife of G[eo.] B[usby] White, town clerk, 11 Oct. 1826, ag. 38.
Cha. Joh., Fred., and Hen., children of Cha. and Mary Humfrey; Mary Humfrey, 12 Mar. 1828, set. 50.
Jean Baptiste Goussel, teacher of the French language in
(a) This inscription, which has been much admired, is closely copied from one in Stanford church, Worcestershire, by sir Edward Winnington, to the memory of Anne his wife, who died in 1794.— Gent, Mag. xcvi. (2) 134, 304.
P2
212 S. ANDREW THE GEEAT.
this university more than 40 years, born at Nancy in Lorrain, died at his residence Emmanuel lane in this parish, 9 June, 1832, ag. 72.
Emily, dau. of Kob. and Mary Ann Willis, 1 June, 1836, ag. 3 ; Hen. their son, 9 Oct. 1842, ag. 5 mo.
Geo. Langshaw, B.D. fell, of S. Joh. coll. and for more than seven years the faithM, indefatigable and self-denying incum- bent of this parish, 20 Feb. 1843, «t. 37.
In the old churchyard.
Ja. Fletcher, aid. and sometime mayor, 8 Aug. 1706.
Joh. Edw. Browne, of Christ's coll. 3 non Nov. 1815, born at Norwich 6 id. Apr. 1796, eld. son of Joh. Hen. Browne, LL.B. master of Hingham school, Norfolk.
Tho. Walt. Clarke Darby, of S. Joh. coll. 13 Nov. 1819, ag. 18, 5th and last surviving son of lieut.-col. Darby of Bath.
Ja. Fowler Taylor, of Eman. coll. 7 May, 1821, ag. 25.
Field Dunn Barker, aid. and sometime banker, 7 Mar. 1823, ag. 53.
Charlotte Elizabeth Mill, born at Bishop's college, Calcutta, 6 Sept. 1831, died at Cambridge, 1 Oct. 1843. [An inscription on the other side of this monument is so placed as to be illegible.]
Hen. Joh. Cramer, of Trin. hall, B.A. 4 kal. Jul. 1844, set. 30.
Sarah, widow of Joseph Fayrer, M.A. of Clare hall, vicar of S. Teath and preb. of Endillion, Cornwall, 27 Sept. 1844, set. 59.
wife of Luke Jones, M.A ag. 36.
In the new churchyard.
William Gasson, B.A. sch. Chr. coll. 29 Jan., 1849, ag. 29.
Hen. Will. Gunning, stu. Chr. coll., b. at Bath 1829, drowned 1849.
Eev. Edm. Cory, 25 Nov. 1850, ag. 43 ; Fred. Cory, 30 Jan. 1856, set. 50.
S. ANDREW THE GREAT. 213
Eob. Walker, vie. of Dunton, Beds., b. 29 Sept. 1780, d. 20 Jan. 1852.
Hen. Mitchell, surgeon, b. 1 Nov. 1818, d. 1 Mar. 1853.
Field Dunn Barker, 5 Oct. 1856, ag. 58.
Elizabeth, wife of rev. Joh. L. F. Russell, M.A., 19 June, 1858, ag. 43.
The following eminent men have been vicars or lecturers(a) of this parish : William Perkins, B.D., fellow of Christ's college ; Paul Baines, fellow of Christ's college ; Ralph Cudworth, fellow of Em- manuel college, afterwards rector of Aller; Thomas Edwards, author of Gangrsena; Thomas Hill, D.D., successively master of Emmanuel and Trinity col- leges ; Thomas Tenison, afterwards archbishop of Canterbury ;(i) John Mickleborough, professor of chemistry; William Bennet, fellow of Emmanuel college, afterwards bishop of Cloyne ; Temple Chevallier, B.D., now professor of mathematics and astronomy in the university of Durham ; and George Langshaw, B.D., fellow of S. John's college.
To the before mentioned benefactions of Christopher Rose we may add the following: Robert Crocheman and Cassandra his wife before 1278 gave lands in this parish to the prioress and nuns of S. Rhadegund, to find a chaplain to celebrate in this church. Anne Bedel, widow, in 1500 bequeathed goods and money to the church and for service at the altar of S. Mary and to the gild of S. Catharine. John A'Loft in
(a) The lectureship in this parish, established in the reign of Elizabeth, was suppressed in or about 1620, but was revived a few years afterwards.
(6) During the plague years, 1665 and 1666, Mr. Tenison courageously kept at his post and with perfect safety to himself. On his leaving the benefice the inhabitants presented him with a piece of plate.
214 g. ANDREW THE GREAT.
1509 gave money and a house and garden for ser- vices. Archbishop Tenison, formerly vicar, in 1715 bequeathed £50 to repair the fabric. Mrs. Anne Robson in 1722 gave a silver flagon and almsdish.(a) Thomas Green, bishop of Ely, augmented the vicar- age in 1730. The executors of William Stanley, D.D., dean of S. Asaph, in 1734 gave £200 to augment the vicarage; and, in 1756, John Mickleborough, B.D., sometime vicar, bequeathed £100 for the like purpose. Edward Noyes, esq., in 1801 bequeathed £27, the interest to repair his tomb and the surplus to the poor in bread. Thomas Carrington in 1820 bequeathed £20, the interest to the poor in bread. Thomas Wicks, cook of Emmanuel college, gave the altar piece in 1833. Elizabeth Cook, widow of the great capt. James Cook, by will 8 April, 1833, gave £1000 consols, the dividends to re- pair the monuments of herself and family, £2 to the minister, and the residue to five poor aged women of good character not receiving parish relief. The rev. John Cooper, M.A., late vicar, gave bells. William Knowles, esq., of 9 Wilton street, Grosvenor place, Middlesex, in 1855 bequeathed £166. 3s. 4:d. consols, the dividends to be distributed yearly to ten elderly women of good character.
A small portion of this parish is included in S. Paul's ecclesiastical district.
The ancient monastic and academical foundations in this parish were, the house of Dominican friars
(a) An old chalice belonging to this church, and weighing 8 oz. 13 dwt., has the following barbarous inscription :
THIS FOR SENT TANDROS PARES IN KAMBREGE.
S. ANDREW THE GREAT. 215
(now Emmanuel college), God's house (now Christ's college), S. Nicholas' hostel, w Rud's hostel, (6) and S. Michael's hostel. (c)
The baptists^ have a large chapel in S. Andrew's
(a) A hostel of S. Nicholas, situate in the parish of S. John the Baptist, was purchased of Simon Dallyng, clerk, by Henry VI. for the site of King's college. It is probable that at that period the students migrated to this parish.
The hostel of S. Nicholas was situate on the eastern side of S. Andrew's street (anciently termed Preachers' street). In 1582 this hostel is designated as the messuage of Simon Watson. It became the property of Emmanuel college soon after the foundation of that house, and sir Henry Killigrew gave £140 in order that a portion of it might be converted into lodgings for Laurence Chaderton, the first master of the society.
Fuller was much misinformed as to the site of S. Nicholas hostel, stating that it stood opposite Christ's college (whereas it was on the same side of the street), and that it was in his time a private house with the public name of the Brazen George.
He adds that the scholars were as eminent for hard study as infamous for their brawling by night.
Amongst the distinguished men of S. Nicholas' hostel, which was appropriated wholly or chiefly to students in canon and civil law, were : Rowland Lee, bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, died 1542-3 ; John Dakyn, LL.D., archdeacon of the east riding of York, died 1558; Michael Dunning, LL.D., principal of the hostel, chancellor of Norwich, and arch- deacon of Bedford, died 1558 ; John Rokeby, LL.D., civilian and diplo- matist, died 1573; and Eliseus Price, LL.D., civilian, died about 1605.
(6) Now the Castle inn opposite Emmanuel college.
(c) S. Michael's hostel is said to have stood on the site of the inn called the Brazen George, which is now occupied by the Post Office and adjacent buildings. It was apparently disused as a hostel before 1521.
(rf) The founders of nearly all the dissenting congregations in Cambridge- shire, were Francis Holcroft, M.A., fellow of Clare hall and ejected vicar of Bassingbourn, and Joseph Oddy, fellow of Trinity college and ejected vicar of Meldreth. Mr. Oddy died 3 May, 1687, and Mr. Holcroft (who had been much persecuted during the reign of Charles II.) 6 Jan. 1692-3.
When James II. granted a general toleration to the dissenters, those residing in Cambridge set up a meeting-house on Hog hill (now S. Andrew's hill) in the parish of S. Benedict. The famous Joseph Hussey was their pastor from 19 Oct., 1691, till Jan., 1719-20, when he removed to London, leaving behind him an audience of above one thousand persons and a church of more than one hundred and fifty members. He was
216 8. ANDREW THE GREAT.
street, erected in 1836, (on the site of a former one) from the design of John Smith, esq. architect.
born at Fordingbridge, Hants., 31 Mar., 1660, died in Hoxton square near London, 15 Nov., 1726, and was author of various theological publications including above thirty sermons preached at Cambridge.
During Mr. Hussey's pastorate the presbyterians withdrew and estab- lished a meeting-house in Green street.
Fresh dissensions ensued on his departure from Cambridge. In 1721 a portion of his congregation seceded and fitted up as a meeting- house a stable and granary in a place called the Stoneyard in Great S. Andrew's. This new congregation was split into two in 1723, the seceders having a meeting-house in Barnwell.
The Stoneyard congregation was further divided by disputes between the anabaptists and peedobaptists. The former fitted up as a meeting house a barn called Miller's barn in Great S. Andrew's. It was opened 16 April, 1726.
The congregations of Stoneyard and Miller's barn were soon afterwards re-united and met again in Stoneyard, 9 Nov., 1727. A mixed com- munion was established and Andrew Harper was appointed minister. He was succeeded, in 1745, by Geo. Simpson, M.A. of Aberdeen, a rigid baptist. After many disputes the meeting house in Stoneyard was for a short time closed, but was subsequently occupied by the baptists, who in 1759 invited Robert Robinson to become their pastor, and after two years of trial he accepted the office. He was born at Swaffham, Norfolk, 8 Oct., 1735, and died at Birmingham, 8 June, 1790. He was a man of great learning and author of The History of Baptism, Eccle- siastical Researches, and other works. At the close of his life he adopted anti-trinitarian opinions, declaring however that he was "neither a socinian nor an arian."
The meeting house at Stoneyard was rebuilt in 1764 and thenceforth became known as S. Andrew's meeting.
To Mr. Robinson succeeded Robert Hall, M.A., a man of consummate ability and exemplary piety, who continued here till 1806. He subsequently settled at Leicester and ultimately at Bristol, where he died 21 Feb. 1831, set. 67. His works, with a biographical memoir by Olinthus Gregory, LL.D., were published, Lond. 6 vols. 8vo. 1833.
Mr. "William Adams, who died 7 Aug. 1849, bequeathed £330 to this congregation for clothing the poor.
Charles Finch Foster, alderman, in 1858 gave a handsome mansion in S. Andrew's street as a residence for the minister of this chapel.
In the chapel are memorials for :
Rev. Rob. Roff, 29 Nov. 1850, ag. 51, twelve years minister.
Rich. Foster [sometime mayor and alderman] 2 Apr., 1859, aet. 77. In simple reliance upon his Redeemer he adorned his doctrine by a zealous
S. ANDREW THE GREAT. 217
The independents have also a chapel in Downing lane.(0)
The once noted inns, the Falcon, (6) the Brazen
and cheerful discharge of the duties of public and private life. By a large hearted beneficence, combined with a firm adherence to his own principles, he gained the love and esteem of all classes.
In the small burial ground adjoining are several monuments, including one to :
Tho. Hovell [sometime mayor] 30 Apr., 1837, ag. 80.
(a) The early history of the Cambridge dissenters is alluded to in the preceding note. The congregation of which Joseph Hussey was pastor was originally presbyterian, but independent or congregational views predominating, the presbyterians in 1696 withdrew to Green street.
The congregation of Downing lane represents that of Hussey, and the following is a list of his successors in the ministry :
1722, Mr. Throgmorton; 1734, Mr. Dadley; 1736, Mr. Shire; 1739, John Conder; 1757, Mr. Sibly; 1763, Mr. Darby; 1768, Joseph Saunders; 1789, Mr. Gardner; 1806, William Harris; 1818, Rob. Lee; 1820, Sam. Thodey; 1848, Geo. Burden Bubier; 1855, Mat. Trotter; 1859, Tho. Campbell Finlayson.
John Conder, born at Wimpole, 3 June, 1714, removed from Cambridge to Homerton, where he died 30 May, 1781. He was D.D., author of various publications, including two sermons preached at Cambridge, and a man of much piety and worth.
William Harris, who on leaving Cambridge became tutor at Hoxton academy and LL.D., was author of Grounds of Hope for the salvation of all dying in infancy : an essay. Lond. 8vo. 1821.
W"e cannot ascertain at what period the congregation removed from Hog hill to Downing lane, nor when the existing chapel was erected, but it was probably shortly before 1792 when a Church and King mob made an attack on the building. — Cooper's Ann. of Camb. iv. 445.
In the chapel is a tablet in memory of:
Rev. Joseph Saunders, 28 Aug. 1788, ag, 50, twenty years pastor.
On the wall outside is another commemorating :
Joseph Thodey (bro. of rev. Sam.) 27 Oct., 1835, ag. 32.
Mary Lythell, widow, in 1801 settled £400 stock to augment the income of the minister.
William Mason, shoemaker, (compiler of a collection of hymns) gave to the trustees of this chapel, on the death of his son (who is still living) the residue of his personal estate and effects.
Adjoining the chapel is a neat residence for the minister.
(b) The Falcon was given in 1504 to the prior and convent of Barn well, by Richard King, of Wisbech, and Agnes his wife, for services for their souls and the souls of their ancestors.
218 S. ANDREW THE GREAT.
George, (a) and the Bishop Blase(6) were wholly or partly in this parish. The Castle, the Birdbolt,(c) and the Wrestlers, (d} which still exist, are inns of some antiquity.
Although it has long ceased to be an inn, many of the buildings remain. The galleries which surround the court yard WP^O used on occasion of dramatic performances.
When, in 1565, William Fulke (afterwards master of Pembroke hall) •was expelled from his fellowship at o. John's, he lodged at the Falcon and supported himself by the delivery of public lectures there.
Roger lord North of Kirtling, lord lieutenant of the county and high steward of the town, who died in 1600, appears constantly to have used this house when he came to Cambridge.
It was frequented by the gentlemen of the county as late as 1731, when they met here and entered into a subscription for the relief of the sufferers by a fire at Barnwell.
The street in which the Falcon stood is called the Petty Cury, which it appears from ancient deeds is synonymous with Little Cookery. — See Cooper's Annals of Camb., i. 273 ; Notes and Queries, 1 ser. iv. 120, 194; Communications to Camb. Antiq. Soc., i. 63.
Part of the Falcon was in the parish of S. Mary the great.
(a) The Brazen George is mentioned in 1521 as belonging to Thomas Warde.
(b) The Bishop Blase, which was partly in the parish of S. Benedict, occupied the site of the house known as Llandaff house, which was erected by Richard Watson, bishop of Llandaff, but has since his death been used as private schools. The conversion of the inn into a dwelling house for the bishop occasioned the following epigram by Mansel (after- wards bishop of Bristol) :
Two of a trade can ne'er agree
No proverb can be juster
They've taken down Bishop Blase ye see
To put up Bishop Bluster.
(c) In a licence from Henry Butts, D.D., vice-chancellor, to William Pether, 2nd March, 1630-1, this house is called the Hanging Birdbolt.
(d) The Wrestlers and adjoining messuages were conveyed by John Hills and Frances his wife to William Crane, gent, 21 Sept., 1656, for £440.
An opinion long prevailed that Jeremy Taylor was born at this house. It is certain, however, that he was a native of the parish of the Holy Trinity.
OLD HOUSES,
PETTY CURV, S. ANDREW THE GREAT.
THE G>
r wholH the Bmlbolt,(c) ill exist, are inns of
ugh it has ;• • be an inn, many of the buildings
The g;. K surround the court yard were u?^ ^
«»*«JMi«cn of drama; • .nces.
When, in lcH> . Ike Httcnvanls master of Pembroke hall)
WM expelled fto- l'-t feli' lodged at the Falcon
and support"! - j the delin • •••.
Roger ',=>»:; ^ rili of Kirtlin^, steward of ;;•* i*wn, who died in 1600, appcur- this hous «f-;«>a he came to Cambridge.
It v -*; -'^{.uented by the gentlemen of tt when th--.v ract here and entered into a si suffer^ris Vy a fire at Barnwell.
Th«- *?r«et in which the Falcon stood is called tl -.^faich
it apr^-wa from ancient deeds is synonymous with Little Cookery. — See C'uojfff't A**el» of Camb., i. 273; Notes and Queries, 1 ser. iv. 120, 194; C-ir»:i>Hu>*cat«m». to Camb. Ai'tiq. A'oc., i. 63.
r«r! of the Falcon was in the parish of S. Mary the great
•s\ Tftf Brazen George is mentioned in 1521 as belonging to. Thomas
(b) Th, vupied t
«?d by
ilia m
Hanging Rirdbolt. (t^wuAgfrs \\cn- conveyed by John :., 1656, for
-as born at this house. f the parish of the Holy
OLD HOUSES,
PETTY CURY, S.ANDREW THE GREAT.
REMAINS OF BARXWEXL PRIORY.
S. ANDREW THE LESS.
THE history of this parish, which is not Tin- frequently called BAENWELL,((J) is connected with that of the largest and most important monastic insti- tution in the town.
BARNWELL PRIORY.— In or before 1092 Hugolina wife of Picot sheriff of the county of Cambridge, was taken dangerously ill at Cambridge. She was given over by the king's physicians and other medical men who were called to her assistance. Upon this she vowed to God and S. Giles (whom she regarded as her peculiar patron) that if she
(a) It is said to have derived its name from a well or spring to which children (barns) resorted yearly on the eve of S. John the Baptist to amuse themselves with wrestling and other sports.
Parts of Barnwell are in the parishes of S. Benedict and the Holy Trinity.
220 S. ANDREW THE LESS.
recovered she would establish a house of religion and dedicate the same to God and S. Giles. To this vow her husband assented. Three days after- wards she perfectly recovered, upon which she and her husband, after consulting Remigius(a) bishop of Lincoln (in whose diocese Cambridge was then situate), built a church to the honour of S. Giles with convenient apartments near the castle of Cam- bridge, in which they placed six canons regular, under the superintendence of Geoffrey canon of Huntingdon, a very religious man. Picot gave to this society the churches of S. Giles Cambridge, Guilden Morden with the chapel of Redreth, Tad- low, Bourn with the chapel of the castle and the chapel of Caldecot, Comberton, Madingley, Rampton, Harston, and Hinxton. Also two parts of the tithes of all the demesnes of all his knights pertaining to the barony of Bourn in Cambridgeshire : viz. of Quy, Stow, Waterbeach, Milton, Impington, Histon, Girton, Oakington, Rampton, Cottenham, Lolworth, Trumpington, Haslingfield, Harlton, Eversden, Toft, Caldecot, Kingston, Wimpole, Croydon, Hatley, Pam- pisford, and Aldewinde.
In 1112 the canons removed to a new and spacious monastery erected at Barnwell(6) by Pain Peverel, who had been standard bearer in the holy land to
(a) Anselm archbishop of Canterbury is said to have been consulted with Remigius respecting the foundation, but he was not archbishop till 1093, and Remigius died 7 May, 1092. Anselm is not named in Picot's charter of foundation. That charter speaks of canons regular, but it may be doubted if the rule of S. Augustine were adopted by the canons before their removal to Barnwell. (Cf. Dugdale Monast. ed. Caley, &c. vi. 38.)
(b) On this place Godilo a man of great piety, leading a solitary life, had built a little oratory of wood to the honour of S, Andrew the apostle.
S. ANDREW THE LESS. 221
Robert duke of Normandy, and to whom Henry I. granted the estates of Picot, which had been for-
But being dead a little before, had left the place without inhabitant and his oratory without a keeper.
Henry I. granted the site (13 acres) to the canons at the request of Pain Peverel. By the same charter he gave them the tithes of his demesnes of Cambridge, and confirmed the grant of the churches of S. Giles and Comberton.
Charters of confirmation were given by Hervey and Nigellus bishops of Ely, and Theobald archbishop of Canterbury.
William Peverel confirmed the donations of Pain his father, and more- over gave half a hide of land in Bourn.
Ralph de Waterville gave the advowson of Burton upon Strather in Lin- colnshire, and the grant was confirmed by his sisters Ascelina de Waterville and Maud de Diva, and by William Fitz Ot-ho who married his niece Maud.
Hugh Domesman, prior, gave 140 acres of land and many houses in Cambridge, and two hides of land in Madingley.
Sir Everard de Beche contributed largely to the rebuilding of the church during the priorate of Robert Joel.
Eustace de Picot in 1193, gave lands in Madingley.
Geoffrey Peche is said to have given the church of Harston to find habits for the canons, but this was perhaps only a confirmation, as that church occurs in Picot's charter.
William de Kilkenny, bishop of Ely, in 1256 bequeathed to the priory 200 marks for founding two divinity exhibitions at Cambridge.
The following lands in Cambridge were given before 1273: — Earl David, 2 acres before the gate of the church ; the countess Maud, 2 acres; Dunnig (great grandfather of Hervey Dunnig) and Maud his wife, 55 acres ; Alketille, 50 acres ; Hervey Dunnig, 3 messuages ; William, son of Baldwin Blangermun, 2 messuages and 92 acres; William "Waubert, 4 acres ; Steph. de Haukeston, 7 acres ; Joel, father of prior Robert, a messuage and 6 acres; Tho. Toylet, 51 acres, a croft, and 15d. rent; Walt, de Wyshunden, 10s. rent; Roys, son of Reginald de Marisco,
2 acres ; Isabel de Nedingworthe, one acre ; Eustace de Nedeham, half an acre; Acius Frere, 4 messuages, 6 acres, and 13s. rent; Joh. le Kaleys and Basilia his wife, 40 acres; Tho. Plote, a messuage and 5 roods; Rich. Bateman, 12s. rent ; Barth. Gogging, 2 acres ; Will, de Preston, 2 mes- suages ; Nich. de Hemingford (son of sir Will, de Hemingford) 3 acres ; William Clerk, a messuage and lands; Adam Weriel, 2 messuages and a croft ; Jer. de Bernewelle, a messuage ; Geoff", de Bernewelle, chaplain, a messuage and 5 acres; Rich, de Stanesfeld, a messuage; Hen. Melt,
3 acres ; Geoff. Melt, a messuage and 5 roods. [The benefactions of Rich. Bateman and Geoff. Melt were purchased with monies given to acquit them of Judaism.]
222 S. ANDREW THE LESS.
felted by his son Robert who fled the kingdom on a charge of treason. Pain Peverel augmented the endowment and increased the number of canons. On occasion of the removal of the canons to their new habitation, there was a vast concourse both of the clergy and laity, including the burgesses of Cambridge.
The church erected by Pain Peverel was replaced by a larger one built during the priorate of Robert Joel, and dedicated to the honour of S. Andrew and S. Giles, 11 kal. Maii, 1191, by William Longchamp, bishop of Ely, who granted forty days indulgence upon the occasion.
King John gave the prior and convent £10 in silver, and on 27 April in the first year of his reign [1199], granted them the town of Chesterton at fee farm. He also granted them a fair at Barn- well commencing on Midsummer eve.(0)
On the death of William Peverel (the second founder's son) the patronage of the priory passed
Robert de Fulburn in 1276, gave a stone house opposite S. Sepulchre's church, and at his death in 1286, forgave 300 marks owing to him by the house, to which he bequeathed abundance of silver cups and dishes, a great collection of books and other things.
Job. Keynsham, alderman, about 1502, gave a messuage for a yearly obiit for his soul and that of Joan his wife.
Rich. King, of Wisbech, and Agnes his wife, in 1504 gave the Falcon in the Petty Cury, and a messuage, &c. near the gate of the friars preachers in Cambridge, on condition that the convent performed certain annual services for their souls and the souls of their ancestors.
(a) The charters of John were confirmed by Hen. TTT. Edw. I. Edw. U. Edw. IIL Ric. H. Edw. IV. and Ric. III.
Edw. II. by a charter, 15 Oct. 1313, freed the prior and convent from tallages for all their estate in Cambridge.
Richard II. by a charter granted during his residence in this priory, 16 Oct. 1388, extended the duration of the fair belonging to this house.
S. ANDREW THE LESS. 223
to Hamon Peche who married his daughter, and from. him to his son Gilbert who died before 1217, his grandson Hamon who died 1041, and his great grandson Gilbert. The latter by a deed dated at Barn well the first Sunday in advent, 1256, gave the canons free leave to elect a prior, reserving to himself and his heirs merely the power of con- firmation, and a limited right of taking possession during a vacancy. This deed was confirmed by Edw. I. 12 May, 1284.
In 49 Hen. III. the prior was summoned to parliament, but the summons was not repeated.
In 1266 the adherents of the insurgent barons committed great excesses at the priory, and con- ducted themselves with extreme insolence towards the prior. The next year the king came to Cam- bridge which he fortified. With him came his brother Richard earl of Poictou and Cornwall, and king of the Romans, who lodged in this priory. As soon, however, as the king had left Cambridge it was retaken by the insurgents who would have destroyed this house but for the intercession of Sir Hugh Peche and his brother. The prior not- withstanding his devotion to the royal cause was subsequently treated with great ingratitude by William de S. Omer, the king's justiciary, who quartered himself and his family on the prior for a year, and wound up all by fining him for an alleged misdemeanour.
In the night of S. Blase's day (3 Feb.) 1287-8, a terrible flash of lightning set fire to the tower of the church. The fire which raged all that night
224: S. ANDREW THE LESS.
and till sunset the following day did great damage to the church and other buildings. The necessary repairs appear to have been effected by 6 March, 1288-9, when the church was reconciled by John de Kirkeby, bishop of Ely.
John de Peckham, archbishop of Canterbury made a visitation of this priory.
Previously to the arrival of Edw. I. at Cambridge in March, 1293, the royal cofferer deposited £1000 in the dormitory of the priory, and during the king's visit his chancellor John de Langton lodged in the priory. The royal horses to the number of fifty were at Barnwell under the care of Adam de Riston.
The chancellor of the university in 1294, ex- communicated the prior and one of the canons for refusing to obey his citations. They appealed to the archdeacon of Ely. He was inhibited by the bishop's official who absolved the parties on their giving security till the arrival of the bishop.
Edward II. was at the priory 18th 19th and 20th of Feb. 1325-6.
During the great riot in June, 1381, the insur- gents made a violent attack on this house, treading down the prior's close and cutting and carrying away a great number of trees. On the 23rd July, Thomas Arundel, bishop of Ely, directed his letter requiring the clergy to admonish all persons guilty of these outrages to make restitution or compensation and in the event of three monitions proving ineffec- tual, they were to incur the greater excommuni- cation.
In Sept. and Oct. 1388, Richard II. resided in
8. ANDREW THE LESS. 225
this priory and held the parliament there. On 27 Sept., John Fordham, bishop of Ely, made his profession of obedience to the see of Rome in the choir of the conventual church before archbishop Courtenay, and the king being present gave him pos- session of the temporalities of the see.
Disputes between the prior and convent and the corporation of the town, which had occasioned a variety of legal proceedings, were terminated by an award of arbitrators made 22 Jan. 1505-6, and on 18 June, 1506, another award was made for terminating disputes between this house and the university.
The prior of this house was ex-officio the crown receiver of all taxes payable by the clergy of the diocese of Ely.
Synods of the diocese were frequently held in the conventual church, and at one of them John Alcock, bishop of Ely, delivered a discourse which he caused to be printed with the punning title : " Gallicantus Johannis Alcock Episcopi Eliensis ad confratres suos curatos in sinodo apud Bernwell xxv die mensis Septembris, A.D. 1498." In another synod held here 9 July, 1528, the celebration of mass in "ruggid gownes" was prohibited, and rectors and curates were forbidden to use the new translation of the Bible. About the close of 1529 Nicholas West, bishop of Ely, preached in the church of this priory against Hugh Latimer, whose sermons in behalf of the reformation were then causing much controversy.
The judges of assize usually lodged at this priory.
VOL. III. Q
226 S. ANDREW THE LESS.
We find mention of the chapels of S. Peter or the infirmary chapel ; S. Mary and S. Edmund ; and S. Hugh or the almonry chapel ; the gilds of S. Mary, S. Catharine, (a) and S. Nicholas; and of the altars, lights and images of S. Mary, S. Giles, S. Christopher, S. Catharine, S. Nicholas, the Holy Sepulchre, S. Augustine, and S. Thomas.
The house was surrendered to Hen. VIII. 8 Nov. 1538, by John Badcock prior, and six canons.(6)
(a) There was a house called Seynt Kateryns house in the street of Barnwell which was leased by the prior and convent of Barn well to Stephen Neylson for eighty years at the rent of 5s. by indenture dated 31 Jan. 12 Edw. IV. [1472-3]. It consisted of a hall with two chambers in the upper part of the hall, a garret over both chambers, a kitchen in the lower part of the hall and a rye chamber. The lessees granted that the aldermen, brethren and sisters of the gild of S. Catharine might at their pleasure dine together and hold the gild in this house.
(&) The following is a list of the priors :
1092, Geoffrey. He survived the removal to Barnwell where he was buried.
1113, cir. Gerard.
.. Ric. Norrel, resigned after two years and went to France.
1115, cir. Hugh Domesman, prior twenty years.
Rob. Joel, prior thirty-three years, lived three years afterwards,
bur. at Barnwell.
1197, Robert occurs.
1207, cir. Will, de Devon, died 25 Jan., 1213-4, bur. at Barnwell.
1213, Nov. 2, Will, de Bedford, died a few days afterwards, bur. at Barnwell.
1214, Ric. de Burgh, died soon after election, bur. at Barnwell.
1215, cir. Laur. de Stanesfeld, died in thirty-eighth year of his priorate, bur. at Barnwell.
1253, cir. Hen. de Eye, resigned in the third year of his priorate, died fourteen years afterwards, bur. at Barnwell.
1256, cir. Jolan de Thorley, resig. 1266, bur. at BarnwelL
1266, Oct. 11, Simon de Ascellis, M.A. Oxon. resigned 1297, died same year, bur. at Barnwell.
1297, Benedict de Welton, received temporalities 3 Jul. resigned 1316.
1316, Dec. 3, Fulk.
1329-30, Job,, de Quy alias Oxney.
1340, Dec. 23, Job. de Brunne.
S. ANDREW THE LESS. 227
The site of the priory, the tithes of the parish, and lands which had belonged to the priory, (a) were granted 38 Hen. VIII. to sir Anthony Brown, K.G. and 6 Edw. VI. to Edward Fiennes, alias Clinton lord Clinton, afterwards earl of Lincoln.(6)
1350, Ralph de Norton, received temporalities 1 Jul.
1383, cir. Tho. de Canterbury.
1392, Job. Bernewell alias Outlawe.
1408-9, Jan. 14, William Downe, died 1428.
1428, Job. Chateriz, received temporalities 3 Dec.
1434, Job. Page, received temporalities 22 Mar. 1434-5.
1441, Job. Poket, received temporalities, 24 May, d. 28 Aug., 1464, bur. at Barn well.
1464, Sept. 24, Job. Whaddon, received temporalities, 27 Oct. resig. 10 Nov. 1474.
1474, Nov. 26, Will. Tebald, received temporalities, 14 Dec.
1489, Sep. 3, Job. Leveryington, received temporalities, 14 Feb. 1489-90.
1495, Will. Rayson alias Cambridge, received temporialites, 18 Dec.
1522, Tho. Rawlyn alias Cambridge, received temporalities, 10 Jul. resig. 15..., died 1543.
1530, cir. Nic. Smith, resig. 1534, living 1551.
1534, Nov. 24, Job. Badcock, afterwards rector of Upwell, died about 1562.
Laurence de Stanesfeld, prior, was author of The Sufferings of the Saints, 3 vols.
Ralph de Coggeshall, the historian, who died about 1230-, is said to have been sometime a canon of this house.
Amongst those buried in the priory, were Pain Peverel, many of the family of Peche, sir Everard de Beche, Rob. de Fulburn, Tho. Toylet, Acius Frere, Maud Picot, and sir Thomas Cheyne (1489.)
(a) The estates of the priory at the dissolution were valued at £256. 11s. 10d. per annum according to one account, and at £351. 15s. 4.d. according to another.
In 1540 there were found in the priory church six bells weighing 25 cwt, and the materials of the church were valued at £65. Is. 2d.
(b) Lord Clinton married Elizabeth the widow of sir Anthony Brown. The site was the property of Thomas Wendy, esq., as early as 1556. On 2 Aug. in that year the corporation deputed the mayor and some of the aldermen to go to Mr. Wendy with an honest present, and to commune with him concerning the buying of Barnwell or otherwise having the same as they can agree. In 1650 it was the estate of another Tho. Wendy, esq. Soon afterwards (but how or at what precise time we have not ascertained) it dame to sir Thomas Cbicheley of Wimpole, who
Q2
228 8. ANDREW THE LESS.
A register of the priory, a fine volume on vellum extending from the foundation to about 1297, was formerly the property of Eichard Farmer, D.D., the noted antiquary. At the sale of his library in 1798 it was purchased by Mr. Gough, who bequeathed it with his other vast topographical collections to the Bodleian library at Oxford. An abstract by Thomas Rutherforth, rector of Papworth, S. Agnes, was pub- lished by John Nichols, F.S.A., Lond., 4to. 1786.(a)
The common seal appended to the surrender is large and oval, having thereon a prior in full canoni-
exchanged it in 1659 for an estate at Orwell with Neville Alexander Butler, attorney-at-law. He resided here and it is recorded that he was the first owner of the priory who lived therein since the dissolution. He died March, 1674-5, and was succeeded by his eldest surviving son Ambrose Butler, who died March, 1685-6, when it came to his posthumous daughter Vere, who dying 1689 it was inherited by her uncle John Butler, LL.D., rector of Wallington, Hertfordshire, who died in May, 1714, when it descended to his eldest son Jacob Butler, M.A. of Christ's college, and barrister-at-law. He was a most eccentric character, and in 1756 sold it to George 'Riste, alderman of Cambridge, for £10,500, and after a suit in chancery for specific performance it was conveyed in 1760. Mr. Riste by will dated 17 Feb. 1761, devised it to trustees for sale. Anne, wife of Joseph Bentham, alderman of Cambridge, and sister to Mr. Riste, in 1763 conveyed it to Thomas Panton, esq. Under a settlement made on the marriage in 1767 of his son of the same name the estates ultimately passed to Priscilla Barbara Elizabeth, baroness Willoughby of Eresby, wife of Peter lord Gwydir, and the hon. Peter Rob. Drummond Burrell their son, by whom it was sold in 1813 to James Geldart, M.A., then of Trinity college, afterwards LL.D. of Trinity hall and rector of Kirkdeighton, Yorkshire. He disposed of considerable portions. The residue belongs to his sons.
It was formerly customary for the corporation of Cambridge to visit Barn well priory annually on the 16th of June, when the proprietor re- galed them with gammons of bacon, stewed prunes, cream, strong beer, and cake, the corporation sending wine and sugar. The custom was kept up in 1669. It probably originated before the dissolution.
(a) See also some account of Barnwell Priory in the parish of S. Andrew the Less, Cambridge, by Marmaduke Prickett, M.A., chaplain of Trin. coll. Cambr. 8vo. 1837.
S. ANDREW THE LESS.
229
THE ABBEY CHUBCH, 1838.
cals with a pastoral staff bearing in his left hand a book. The inscription "Sigillum Ecclesiss Sancti Egidii de Bernewell." Another seal was oval with two figures beneath a double canopy, one mitred giving the benediction with a crosier in the right hand, the other in a mass habit caressing a hind and intended for S. Giles. Below beneath a sepa- rate arch a canon of S. Augustine kneeling. The inscription " Sigillum prioris et conventus de Berne- well ad causas."
THE ABBEY CHURCH. — The ancient parochial chapel of Barnwell has long been known by this designation, although it is conjectured with much apparent reason, that it was merely a chapel attached to the church of the priory. It was served by one of the canons until the dissolution, when it was placed under the charge of a clergyman nominated by the owner of the priory estate, who held the great tithes as impropriator.
230 S. ANDREW THE LESS.
William Bagley, minister of Barnwell from 1649 till his death in 1665, received for serving the cure £16 per annum from the impropriator. The com- missioners for providing preaching ministers in 1650 recommended that those parts of the parishes of S. Benedict and the Holy Trinity, which are situate in Barnwell, should be united to S. Andrew the less.
About 1835 the advowson was purchased by the rev. Charles Perry, (now bishop of Melbourne).
The most eminent ministers of this parish have been Richard Hurd, afterwards bishop of Worcester; Richard Farmer, afterwards master of Emmanuel college; Richard Relhan, the botanist; and William Pulling, an extraordinary linguist. George Fisk, LL.B., now prebendary of Lichfield and vicar of Great Malvern, the author of A Pastor's Memorial of the Holy Land and other works, was minister 1833 to 1835.
This church or chapel which measures only 70 feet by 18, is a plain early english structure without aisles. There is no external separation of nave and chancel, but the traces of a rood-screen and gallery may be perceived cutting off about one-third of the area eastward for the latter purpose. (0) It has plain long early english windows, and two good doorways of the same character. The west end has a pair of lancets, and the east end a triplet with shafts and mouldings. (6) There are remains of a piscina, and
(a) The rood screen richly carved, coloured, and gilt, was remaining in 1826.
(6) The east window is engraved in Brandon's Analysis; the south doorway and east window in Notes on the Cambridgeshire Churches.
INTERIOR OF THE EAST END.
8. ANDREW THE Li 231
on the north side ;r is an ancient coffin
lid.
In 1846, t ocome much dija-
The incorpo: contributed £1 end two apertures, m vidently cont; have
j bells of good tv law!
at law,
1621, and concluding
v M.A. of this university, who ^ayj
Lo died 5 May, 177
i the family • -
Idainith, bur. her 172i>,
Three of tl : Jacob Batler, of whom it is
gaid ( ^peaking who says of himself), " His in-
ie»8 in the canae of liberty would have intitled him
S. ANDREW THE LESS. 231
on the north side of the altar is an ancient coffin lid.
In 1846, the structure having become much dila- pidated, was closed as unfit for divine service, but in 1854 the work of restoration was undertaken by the Cambridge Architectural society, and has been carried out with much propriety. The incorporated society for building churches contributed £130.
At the west end two apertures in the gable, which had evidently contained bells, have been re- opened, and two bells of good tune are now placed therein.
Since 1856 it has been again constantly used for divine worship, although it has ceased to be the church of the parish.
There are 200 free sittings.
MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS :
At the western end of the churchyard are six tablets, re- moved in 1854 from the chancel. They commemorate numerous members of the family of Butler, commencing with Thomas Butler, esq. of Gray's inn, barrister at law, (son of Nicholas) bur. at Orwell, 1 Feb., 1621, and concluding with Jacob Butler, esq. of Gray's inn, M.A. of this university, who died 28 May, 1765, ag. 84, and Kose his wife who died 5 May, 1778, ag. 87. Also the following persons connected with the family : Ambrose Aglionby, esq. of the Inner Temple, barrister at law, bur. at Orwell, 22 Nov., 1651 ; Edward son of Joh. Moore, bp. of Ely, by Rose his wife (daughter of Neville Alex. Butler) bur. here, 9 March, 1690 ; Mrs. Bodendike, wid. of Jacob Bodendike of S. Martin's-le-grand, London, goldsmith, bur. here 5 Nov. 1729, ag. 92.
Three of the tablets relate to Jacob Butler, of whom it is said (or more correctly speaking who says of himself), " His in- variable steadiness in the cause of liberty would have intitled him
232 S. ANDREW THE LESS.
to rewards in any age or country where virtue was not a crime, and corruption the safest path to honour. As his sentiments relating to the public were founded in principle, so was his conduct in private life; wherein it would be hard to decide whether his conjugal affection, his firmness in friendship, or benevolence in charity truly Christian, shone the brightest ; for he was conspicuous in all. In the year 1754, to stem the venality and corruption of the time he offered himself candidate to represent this county in parliament, unsupported by the influence of the great, the largess of the wealthy, or any interest but that his single character could establish, the esteem of all honest men arid lovers of their country. But when he found the struggles for freedom faint and ineffectual, and his spirits too weak to resist the efforts of its enemies, he contented himself with the testimony of those few friends who dared to be free, and of his own unbiassed conscience, which, upon this as well as every other occasion, voted in his favour; and upon these accounts he was justly intitled to the name of the OLD BRITON." This modest account is followed by curious particulars of various law-suits in which he was engaged. The conclusion is " He feared his God ; he honoured his king ; he despised his foes ; and valued his friends."
CHRIST'S CHURCH, situate on the Newmarket road, was opened 24 May, 1839, and consecrated by Dr. Allen, bishop of Ely, 27 June in the same year. The cost of erection, which exceeded £3800, was defrayed by subscription^5 and by grants from
(a) The principal subscriptions are subjoined : Jesus coll., £300 ; rev. Cha. Perry (now bishop of Melbourne), £200; Mrs. Perry of Moor hall, Essex, rev. Will. Carus, M.A., fell., Trin. coll., and Chris. Pemberton, esq., £100 each; rev. Joh. Brown, M.A., vicemaster of Trin. coll., and rev. Ja. Will. Geldhrt, LL.D., £52. 10s. each ; Trin. coll., S. Peter's coll., Queens' coll., Pembroke coll., Corpus Christi coll., Christ's coll., Miss A. Perry, Tho. Mortlock, esq., M.A., rev. Geo. Will. Craufurd, M.A., fell. King's coll., Edm. Davy Mortlock, B.D., fell. Chr. coll., A. Gordon, esq., of Wandsworth common, rev. Algernon Langton Massingberd, M.A. of Trin. coll., a Johnian (by rev. H. Jackson), John Grafton, alderman, and James Peterson Twiss, each £50.
S. ANDREW THE LESS.
233
CHRIST S CHURCH.
the incorporated church building society and church building commissioners.
It stands north and south and is of brick with turrets at the angles. Ambrose Poynter, esq., was the architect.
There are galleries at the west end and on either side. The church contains 1400 sittings, half being free.
A commodious vestry hall on the western side of the church was erected 1863.
The conveyance of the site from John James, D.D. to the church building commissioners, bears date 29 Aug. 1837.
By an instrument dated 21 Oct. 1839, the pew rents are assigned for stipends to the minister and clerk.
Under an instrument executed by the church building commissioners, the bishop of Ely, the patron, and the incumbent, bearing date 26 January, 1846, this has become the church of the parish to all intents and purposes.
There is a substantial parsonage house on the northern side of New- market road, nearly opposite the church.
234 S. ANDREW THE LESS.
MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS:
In the church.
Fred. Will. Broughton, S. Job. coll. 7 Nov. 1846, ag. 22. Erected by teachers and children of Jesus lane Sunday school.
Joh. Doudney Lane, B.D. rect. of Forncet S. Peter's, Norfolk, formerly curate of this parish, and fell, of S. Joh. coll. b. 27 Nov. 1812, d. 27 Apr. 1847.
Rev. Rob. Charnley Paley, B.A. of S. Joh. coll. missionary in Western Africa, where he died 1 Apr. 1853, ag. 24 ; Louisa Mary Anne, his widow died on voyage home, 6 May, 1853, ag. 26. Erected by teachers and children of East road girls Sunday school.
In the old churchyard.
Mary Cath. Romilly, b. 25 Sept. 1784, d. 7 Dec. 1847 ; Lucy Mary Romilly, b. 28 Jul. 1797, d. 4 Apr. 1854, daughter of Tho. Pet. Romilly, esq. of London and Jane Annie his wife.
Joh. Dan. Leach, stud, of S. Joh. coll. 5 Sept. 1849, ag. 24.
Joh. Jos. Vernon, sch. of Cath. hall (son of rev. Will. Vernon), 29 Dec. 1850, ag. 22.
Jonat. Holt Titcomb, esq. b. 8 Dec. 1786, d. 1 Oct. 1851.
Harriet Ellen Sealy, youngest daughter of lieut.-gen. B. W. D. Sealy, died at Ventnor, 16 Jul. 1855, ag. 25; Mary Anne, wid. of lieut.-gen. Sealy, 2 Oct. 1859, ag. 71.
Tho. Smith, curator of the Fitzwilliam Museum, 28 Oct. 1859, a3t. 65.
In the new churchyard.
Sarah Pomfret Smith, wife of Elliot Smith, aid. 3 Sept. 1854, ag. 48.
Elizabeth, wid. of lieut. Sam. Bromley, R.N. of Aldboro', Suffolk, 25 Jul. 1856, ag. 69.
Joh. Lock Bailey, surgeon, b. 16 Jan. 1818, d. 17 Nov. 1856.
Elizabeth Humphreys, dau. of Major Humphreys, Hon. E.I.C.S. 11 Mar. 1858, ag. 85.
S. PAUL'S CHURCH on the Hills' road, to which an ecclesiastical district is assigned, was opened for service 17 May, 1842, the cost of erection
THE LESS.
.ighton, S, Joh. coll. 7 Nov. 1846> aj. •('hers ant! children of Jesus lane Sunday school.
of Forncet S. Peter'i, Norfolk, ate of t' L, and fell, of S. Joh. coll. b. 27
•». d. 27 A-
LJaley, B.A. of S. Joh. coll. missionary era AfrtrA, where he died 1 Apr. 24; Louisa
Mary Anne, hi* widow died ;', 1853,
ag. 26. Erected by teachers am; Sunday sehv
In the old churchyo
Mary Cath. Romilly, b. 25 Sept. 1784, d. 7 Mary Komilly, b. 28 Jul. 1797, d. 4 Ap Haaghter of
Tho. Pet. Komilly, esq. of London and Jane Annie his wife.
Joh. Dan. Leach, stud, of S. Joh. coll. 5 Sept. 1849, ag. 24.
Joh. Jos. Vernon, sch. of Cath. hall (son of rev, Will. Vernon), 29 Dec. 1850, ag. 22.
Jonat. Holt Titcomb, esq. b. 8 Dec. 1786, d. i
Harriet Eiien ; W. D, Sealy, died at Anne, wid. of lieut.-gen. Sealy, 2 < •
Tho. Smith, cur 1859, set. 65.
Sarah Pomfr
*g- **
Kliartfe^Jb- ' >ro',
>saff,^k
,1oi^. -. • .iart. : - / Nov. 1856.
i Major Humphreys, Hon.
EJ.C.h
S. PA: Hills' road, to which
an eedos »»^ assigned, was opened
i' ??• servkx.- t the cost of erection
S. ANDREW THE LESS. 235
being defrayed by subscription1") and grants from the incorporated church building society and the church building commissioners. It was consecrated by Dr. Allen, bishop of Ely, 15 Oct. 1844.
It is a brick structure with a tower. The architect was Ambrose Poynter, esq.
There are galleries on the sides and at the western end. The church will accommodate 900 persons, and there are free sittings for half that number.
MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS :
In the new churchyard.
Andr. Murray, curator of the Botanic garden, 4 Jul. 1850, ag. 45.
Susannah, wife of W[ill] J[ay] Bolton of Caius coll. 4 Dec. 1850, ag. 27.
Tho. Kattee, 29 Mar. 1855, ag. 34, Elizabeth his mother, 13 Dec. 1850, ag. 64.
(o) The following were amongst the contributors: Adelaide, queen dowager, £20; rev. Cha. Perry (now bishop of Melbourne), £200; Caius coll., £100; Chris. Pemberton, esq., and Miss A. Perry, £100 each; rev. Joh. Brown, M.A., Tice-master of Trin. coll., £62. 10s. ; Jesus coll., £50 ; Hugh Percy, duke of Northumberland, chancellor of the university, rev. Jos. Romilly, M.A., registrary of the university, Edm. Davy Mortlock, B.D., fell, of Christ's coll., and Mrs. Perry of Regent's park, London, £50 each.
The conveyance of the site from Caius coll. to the church building commissioners, bears date 10 Feb. 1842.
By an instrument dated 7 August, 1844, £10 per annum from the pew rents are assigned to the clerk, and the residue to the minister.
The governors of queen Anne's bounty, on 13 March, 1845, accepted £1000 for the further endowment of this church.
An order by the Queen in council, approving of the bounds of S. Paul's district (wherein is comprehended a small portion of the parish of S. Andrew the great), was made 30 June, 1845.
By an instrument dated 15 July, 1845, the right of patronage is vested in the rev. Charles Perry, his heirs and assigns.
A handsome parsonage house has been erected immediately adjoining the church. The site was conveyed to the church building commissioners by Caius coll. 13 Feb. 1852.
236 S. ANDREW THE LESS.
Eliz. Anne, only child of Claudius Germas of S. Job. coll. 16 Dec. 1852, ag. 26.
Mary Ann Owen, wid. of Cha. Owen, esq. of Chelsea, 19 Apr. 1857, ag. 83. " She was well known in this town during many years, for her warm hearted and unwearied labours for the spiritual and temporal good of others, especially of the unhappy and erring of her own sex."
A-nne Jane, wife of rev. Edw. Geare, M.A. 29 May, 1860, ag. 47.
Kev. Geo. Pearce, M.A. of Trin. hall, 3 Dec. 1860, ag. 90.
Rear Adm. Digby Marsh, 5 Jan. 1863, ag. 68 ; Adelaide his wife, 14 Feb. 1861, ag. 53.
S. MARY MAGDALEN HOSPITAL, STURBRIDGE. — A hospital for lepers was established in this parish before 1199, when the lepers recovered in the king's court a free tenement in Comberton, of which Alan de Berton had disseised them.
About 1211 king John granted them a fair in the close of the hospital on the vigil and feast of the Holy Cross yearly, and this is supposed to have been the origin of the famous Sturbridge fair.
In 1278 it was presented that the advowson of the mastership of the hospital belonged to the burgesses of Cambridge, but had been taken away from them by Hugh de Norwold, bishop of Ely, also that the warden of the hospital did not sustain any lepers therein as of right he ought to have done.
The master of the hospital was in 1340 by the name of the rector of Steresbrigg charged 27s. to the ninth then levied by parliament,
John Fordham, bishop of Ely, 19 July, 1390, granted 40 days indulgence to all aiding the susten- tation of this chapel.
S. ANDREW THE LESS. 237
In the valuation of first-fruits made 1534, Stur- bridge chapel is rated at £10. 10s. per annuin.(a)
This small but most interesting chapel, consists of a chancel and nave.
(a) In 1376 the corporation made an ordinance prohibiting any burgess to take Sturbridge chapel to farm, except to the use of the mayor and bailiffs, under the penalty of ten marks, or to keep market there or make any booth there.
In 1441 there was a suit in exchequer by John Arundell, the warden of this chapel, against the late bailiffs of Cambridge as to the right of stallage in the chapel yard. He obtained a verdict in his favour.
On 7 August, 1497, John Fynne, LL.B., perpetual incumbent of this free chapel, with the assent of John Alcock, bishop of Ely, the patron, and the prior and convent of Ely, demised to the mayor, bailiffs and burgesses of Cambridge all lands, and tenements, meadows, feedings, pastures, &c. belonging to the chapel (except the chapel itself and fourteen feet on every side and at each end) for ninety-nine years at £12 a yearf and finding yearly on the feast of the nativity of B. V. Mary, and placing before the image of B. Mary Magdalen in the said chapel five tapers of wax of equal weight and all together weighing 3 Ibs.
On 27 Sept. 36 Henry VIII. [1544] Thomas, bishop of Ely, the dean and chapter of Ely, and Christopher Fulnetby, incumbent of the chapel, demised to the mayor, bailiffs and burgesses the chapel and all its lands (except the advowson) for sixty years at £9 per annum.
By a survey made Feb. 37, Hen. VIII. [1545-6] it appears that the chapel was endowed with 26A. 3E. of land in Cambridge, Chesterton, Ditton, and Landbeach. The gross value was £10. 18s. 2d., and the clear value £5. 18s. 2d. per annum.
Queen Elizabeth, 22 Feb., 1596-7, leased the chapel and lands to the mayor, bailiffs and burgesses for twenty-one years at £9 per annum.
In 4 James I. the chapel was granted by the crown to Joh. Shelbury and Phil. Chewte, gent.
There were complicated law proceedings, which terminated in 1622, between Thomas Willys and Richard Willys, esquires, and certain burgesses of Cambridge as to the right of erecting booths in the chapel yard. The burgesses appear to have been ultimately successful.
The chapel subsequently passed with the Barnwell priory estate to George Riste, esq. In 1780 it was sold by his devisee Mrs. Anne Bentham to John Gillam, esq. from whom it came to Frederick Markby (afterwards alderman), who on 19 Jan. 1816, sold it for £160 to the eminent architec- tural antiquary, the rev. Thomas Kerrich, M.A. who presented it to the university. By the conveyance dated 29 May, 1817, that body entered into a covenant to keep the fabric in repair.
238 S. ANDREW THE LESS.
The east window is square, plain, probably per- pendicular ; the windows on either side norman, with rich jamb-shafts and zigzag arch-mouldings; there is a wide segmental-headed doorway on the south side, with a norman hood-mould, but not part of the original work; it cuts through the string-course which is good norman, carved with the saw-tooth; the side walls were raised when a new roof was put on ; the present roof is perpendicular open timber- work, good and simple; there has been a vault, either built or intended, of which the two eastern vaulting-shafts remain. On the exterior at the east end are two strings ; the lower one under the window is worked with the saw-tooth, the upper with the triple billet. The chancel-arch is rich norman, with shafts having good scallop caps and moulded bases; the arch is recessed on the west side only, which is much richer than the east side, and has zigzag, lozenge, and a sort of norman ball-flower ornaments.
The nave has an original window on each side, but the west window has been destroyed. The roof is plain perpendicular, similar to the chancel, and is supported on the original norman corbels, which have been built lower down for that purpose.
There are good north and south doorways. The latter has a bold projecting hood-mould.
In 1843, £84. 15s. Id. was laid out in the repair of this chapel. Of this sum £30 was contributed by the rev. Richard Edward Kerrich, M.A. son of the donor. The residue was paid from the university chest.
Under a grace of the senate passed 13 Nov. 1844, this chapel was used as a place of worship by the labourers employed on the construction of the Eastern Counties railway.
S. ANDREW THE LESS. 239
On the exterior walls of the nave are two strings, similar to those at the east end, the upper one here serves for a cornice ; there are very good carved spring-stones to the copings at the east and west ends.(a)
MIDSUMMER FAIR. — This fair originally granted to the prior and convent of Barnwell for 3 days (in- creased to 15 by Richard II.), was formerly held by the corporation under lease from the prior and convent of Barnwell, but by the award of 1505-6, it became the absolute property of the corporation, subject to a small rent. By an act passed in 1850, the duration of the fair is limited to three days after the day of proclamation (22 June). Although now of little importance, it was very famous about a century since, figuring as Pot fair in many of the ballads and satirical effusions of that period.
STURBRIDGE FAIR. — This, formerly the most flou- rishing mart in the kingdom, is still held annually on land near Sturbridge chapel. Its history would occupy a volume. It must suffice here to state, that although anciently attached to the hospital at Stur- bridge, it has been for centuries the property of the corporation, to whom it was regranted by queen Elizabeth, who also gave the university extensive
(a) See Antiquities of St. Mary's Chapel at Stourbridge, near Cambridge, &c. by Job. Sell Cotman, Yarmouth, fo. 1819. This work contains the following engravings: 1. N.W. view, 2. S.W. view, 3. N. doorway, 4. S. doorway, 5. Interior, 6. Details. These plates are also to be found in Cotman's Architectural Etchings.
The cap of the chancel arch is engraved in Rickman's Gothic Architec- ture, the south doorway and window in Notes on the Cambridgeshire Churches, and a window in Brandon's Analysis.
240 S. ANDREW THE LESS.
privileges which have been abrogated by a recent local act of parliament. The fair nominally com- mences 18 Sept. and continues till 10 Oct. but there is now little business except on 25 Sept. known as Horse fair day.
MISCELLANEOUS. — There were great fires in Barn- well in 1717, 30 Sept. 1731, and 16 Dec. 1757. That of 1731 was so destructive that the church and six houses only escaped. The number of houses consumed was fifty.
A timber building near Sturbridge fair was long used as a theatre. During the performance 27 Sept. 1802, when the house was crowded to excess, a false alarm of fire was raised by some miscreants who were never discovered. In the rush to get out, three girls and a boy were trampled to death and many persons were much injured. This theatre was pulled down in 1806, and another having been erected in that part of Barnwell which is in S. Benedict's, it was opened 19 Sept. 1808. This was in its turn superseded by the present theatre in Newmarket road, S. Andrew the Less, which was opened 19 Sept. 1814, and is still used during the time of Sturbridge fair, and occasionally at other periods.
An act of parliament for enclosing the open fields of this parish received the royal assent 14 Aug. 1807. The award thereunder bears date 20 April, 1811.(a) The effect of this inclosure was marvellous.
a. r. p.
(a) The inclosable lands were . . . 1097 0 1
The old inclosures . . . 37 3 34
Streets, roads, and drains . . 21 2 29
1156 2 24
S. ANDREW THE LESS. 241
From being the most inconsiderable parish in the town it soon became the most densely populated.
A chapel of ease was erected near the Mill road about 1828 and pulled down in August, 1838. It stood on a portion of the land now used as additional churchyards by the parishes on the southern side of the Cam.
This cemetery, which was purchased by subscrip- tion,(a) was consecrated by Dr. Turton, bishop of Ely, attended by the parochial clergy and the mayor and council in their formalities, 7 Nov. 1848.
In the centre of the cemetery is a spacious and stately chapel with a handsome spire. The archi- tect was Geo. Gilbert Scott, esq. R.A. The rev.
Allotments in lieu of tithes were made to the representative of Thomas Panton, esq., the rector of S. Botolph, the vicar of S. Andrew the great, Corpus Christi college, and S. Peter's college. By the act the tithes of Jesus college called S. Rhadegund's tithes were to remain.
The allotment in lieu of the right of soil was made to Peete Musgrave as assignee of the corporation.
Parker's piece, Jesus Green, Midsummer common, Butt green, Stur- bridge fair green, Coldham's common and other lands were excepted from the act.
(a) The subscription, which originated at a public meeting held at the Guildhall (the mayor in the chair) 5 Nov. 1844, amounted to £5000. The principal contributors were: Trin. coll. £400; S. Joh. coll. £200 ; S. Peter's coll., Caius coll., Corp. Chr. coll., Cath. hall, Jesus coll., Hugh Percy, duke of Northumberland, chancellor of the university, and Tho. Mortlock, esq. M.A., £100 each; John Graham, bishop of Chester, £70; Chris. Pemberton, esq., and rev. Joh. Brown, M.A., fell., Trin. coll., £65 each ; Ralph Tatham, B.D., master of S. Joh. coll., and Will. Whewell, D.D., master of Trin. coll., £60 each ; Trin. hall, Chr. coll., Emm. coll., Geo. Maddison, M.A., vie. of All Saints, Joh. Cooper, M.A., vie. of S. Andrew the great, Cha. Perry, bishop of Melbourne, Gilb. Ainslie, D.D. master of Pemb. coll., Benedict Chapman, D.B., master of Caius coll., William French, D.D., master of Jes. coll., Edm. Davy Mortlock, B.D., fellow of Chr. coll., and rev. Fr. Martin, M.A., fellow of Trin. coll., £50 each.
VOL. III. R
242 8. ANDREW THE LESS.
Dr. Whewell, master of Trin. coll. contributed largely to the erection of the structure.
THE EOMAN CATHOLIC CHAPEL in Union road, dedicated to S. Andrew, was erected from a design by A. Welby Pugin. The altar was consecrated 27 April, 1853, by Dr. Wareing, bishop of Ariopolis, after which a sermon was preached by Dr. Wiseman, bishop of Melipotamus.
The principal dissenting places of worship in this parish are Eden chapel in Fitzroy street, for parti- cular baptists, (a) the Wesleyan chapel in the same street, and Zion chapel in East road for baptists.
The abbey schools in River lane, are in con- nection with the established church, and were erected in 1856 from designs of Mr. E. R. Rowe. They consist of two rooms measuring 40 feet by 20, opening into one with class rooms to each.
The extensive works of the Cambridge Gas com- pany are in this parish.
Three railways(i) pass through this parish, wherein
(a) The congregation formerly met in Green street, and the following inscription in Eden chapel commemorates a once well-known minister whose body was removed from Green Street: " Near this Tablet lie the Remains of the Rev. John Stittle, who after having faithfully preached the Gospel more than thirty years, entered into the joy of his Lord July 22nd, 1813, in the 87th year of his age. ' The memory of the just is blessed,' Prov. x. 7."
(b) These are :
1. The Great Eastern main line from London by Ely and Norwich to Yarmouth. The portion between Newport and Norwich was opened 29 July, 1845.
2. The Great Eastern branch from Cambridge to Newmarket, Bury, and Haughley where it communicates with the line from London by Ipswich to Norwich.
3. The line from Cambridge by Potton and Sandy to Bedford, where it communicates with the London and North "Western lines to Bletchley and Oxford.
S. ANDREW THE LESS. 243
is situated the Cambridge railway station, an ex- tensive structure which has been recently much improved.
Two other railways diverge from the Great Eastern main line at short distances from Cambridge, viz. :
A branch from Chesterton to S. Ives (opened 17 Aug., 1847), where it communicates first with a line to Huntingdon, and secondly with one by Somersham, Chatteris, and March to Wisbech.
A branch from Shelford to Shepreth, where it communicates with the Great Northern line to Royston and Hitchin.
S. BENEDICT 8.
S. BENEDICT.
THIS parish is much scattered. One portion ad- joins the church, another comprises part of Mill lane, a small part of the western side of Trumpingtori street, a considerable part of the eastern side of that street, the northern side of Lensfield road, the western side of Regent street, and part of Tennis court road and Downing street, whilst a third por- tion is in Barnwell.
Edward of Cambridge and his mother gave this church to S. Alban's abbey, between 1077 and 1193. In 1279 the patronage was returned as in sir Giles de Argentyn, knight by hereditary right. About
2 STASIS. 31 OP 25. ®ff 37
;
1319
'
•
.
.
-ken before the The Parishe of :• hath allowai; they know of, but at ; the Pa as lay br
•uph's,
i' BarnweH, and |«i
S. BENEDICT. 245
1319 John de Argentyn died, seised of the ad vow- son, which in 1350 was purchased of sir John de Argentyn, knight, by some of the leading members of the gild of Corpus Christi, and upon the founda- tion of Corpus Christi college the king gave licence for the appropriation of the church to the master and fellows, but no appropriation actually took place till 1578, being, as it is thought, the latest instance of an appropriation which can be adduced. Since that period the church has been served by a clerk instituted on the presentation of the master and fellows.
In 1291 the church was valued at £6. 13s. 4e?. per annum, but in 1534 at only £4. 95. 9|df.(0)
In 1729 Thomas Greene, bishop of Ely, gave £200 for the augmentation of the benefice and ob- tained the like sum from the governors of queen Anne's bounty. The £400 was in 1757 invested in the purchase of land at Willingham. The governors of queen Anne's bounty also gave £200 in 1759, £200 in 1810, and £1000 in 1814. These sums have been invested in the purchase of land, and £1350. 17*. £3 per cent, reduced bank annuities.
The tower of the church is of great antiquity. Mr. Bickman believed it to be anterior to the year
(a) The following passage occurs in the inquisition taken before the commissioners for preaching ministers, 23 Oct., 1650: "The Parishe of St. Benedict is neither parsonage nor Viccaridge nor hath allowance be- longinge thereto for Maintenance of a Minister that they know of, but at the present is supplyed by Mr. Barker at the Charge of the Parishe." The commissioners suggested that so much of this parish as lay between S. Botolph church and the Spitalhouse should be united to S. Botolph's, that the Barnwell portion should be united to the parish of Barnwell, and tbe residue of this parish to S. Edward's.
246 S. BENEDICT.
1000.(0) The long and short masonry is clear and de- cided. It has a baluster double belfry(6) window, and the semicircular arch from the tower to the church is curious from its varied ornament and very rude carving.
(a) See his Observations in Archceologia, xxvi. 39. Since those observa- tions were written the plaister and rough cast which obscured the masonry have been removed.
(b) The university had been accustomed to ring the bell of this church to convene clerks to extraordinary lectures. Alan, the rector, however, denied them this privilege, and much strife ensued between him and the chancellor and university on this account. At length, by the intervention of Hugh de Balsham, bishop of Ely, a composition was effected, the rector consenting for ever to permit the bell to be rung in a civil and honest way, as it had theretofore been accustomed to be done, so as the clerk of the church were satisfied for such ringing in the usual manner. This com- position was sealed by the bishop at Shelford, on Wednesday next after the Sunday on which letare Jerusalem is sung, 1273.
The bells of this church, which the university used " to ring to acts and congregations," being " much out of frame and almost become uselesse," the heads and presidents of the university in 1650 contributed 30s. towards the repair, first taking an acknowledgement under the hands of the church- wardens that they thankfully received it " as a free gift of the University."
Fabian Stedman, clerk of this parish about 1650, invented the art of change ringing. Stedman's Principle, Stedman's Slow Course, Stedman's Triples, and Stedman's Caters are well known, as is also the Cambridge Sur- prise. His Campanologia or the Art of Ringing improved, was printed 12mo. 1677.
Three of the bell inscriptions are curious : On the first bell :
Of all the bells in Bennet I am the best And yet for my casting the parish paid lest. 1610. On the fifth bell:
Non nomen ficti, sed Nomen BenedictL On the sixth bell :
This Bell was broke and cast againe
By John Draper in 1618,
as plainly doth appeare;
Church Wardens were
Edward Dixon
for one,
who stode close to his Tacklyn,
and he that was his Partner then
was Alexander Jacklyn.
S. BENEDICT. 247
The residue of the church is partly early english and partly decorated.
The north aisle was rebuilt and enlarged in 1853 from the plans of Messrs, Ritchie and Brandon, who added a spacious porch. The design and execution of the work are alike excellent, and the handsome timber roof of the aisle is particularly worthy of commendation.
In this church were gilds of Corpus Christi, S. Augustine, and S. Catharine. Mention is also made of Scala Coeli,(a) and the image of S. Catharine.
This church was ordinarily used for divine ser- vice by the society of Corpus Christi college pre- viously to the erection of their chapel in or soon after 1579. In 1519-20 pope Leo X. empowered the master and fellows to grant extensive indul- gences to such as should attend the public procession of the college on Corpus Christi day, or should be of the congregation at mass in this church on that day or its vigil.
The vestry at the western end was formerly used as the court of the archdeacon of Ely.
William Dowsing makes the following notes re- lating to " Benet Temple," under date 28 Dec. 1643 :
There was ij superstitious Pictures, 14 Cherubinis and 2 Superstitious Ingraveings one was to pray for the soul of John Canterbury & his Wife. Mr. Russell Church Warden he lent £100 to the Parliament and sent to them a Horse & maintained him at his Charg & lent Col. Cromwell 100 pound to pay his Souldiers, & an Inscription of a Mayd praying
(«) A place to which was conceded the like advantage as a visit to the Scala Sancta or Scala Cceli at Rome.
248 S. BENEDICT.
to the Sonne & the Virgin Mary, thus in Latin " Me tibi Virgo Pia Gentier comendo Maria ;" " A Mayd was born from me which I comend to the oh Mary" [1432]. Richard Billing- ford did comend this his Daughter's Soule.
In the north aisle is a brass, which, although the inscription be gone, has been, through Dowsing's absurd description of it, identified as the monument of Richard Billingford, D.D. chancellor of the uni- versity and master of Corpus Christi college, who died 1432. It is supposed that the inscription which Dowsing so grossly misunderstood was "Me tibi Virgo pia Grenetrix commendo Maria."
MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS :
In the church and chancel.
*Ja. Cranidge, cit. & joiner of London, and master of the worthy noble science of defence, 5 Jan. 1617-18.
*Joh. Pierse, stud, of Cath. hall (son of Joh. Pierse, esq. of Bedal. Yorksh.) 11 cal. Feb. 1652-3, set, 20.
Tho. Chaplyn, M.A. of Cath. hall, rect. of Wareham, Dorset. 31 Aug. 1667, set. 46.
Tho. Kussell, bapt. 10 Dec. 1587, bur. 22 June, 1673.
*Hen. Gostlin, B.D. fell. C. C. coll. 9 Jan. 1674-5, set. 28.
*Sandys Peyton, gent, (son of Hen. Peyton, esq. of the family of Isleham) 8 June, 1682, aet. 47 ; Margaret his wife, 17 Jan. 1687-8.
*Hen. Tilbe, stud, of C. C. coU. (son of Hen. Tilbe of Kent) 14 kal. Aug. 1702, aet. 16.
Tho. Fox [aid.] ... Jul. 1710.
*Will. Bacon, 1728, aet. 55 ; Margaret his wife, 1736 ; Joh. their son, 1728, aet. 24; Fearnehead their dau. wife of Edw. Searle, 1733, aet. 25; Nathaniel Bacon, M.A. their son, 1738, aet. 33.
Kic. Dunthorne [an eminent astronomer] 3 Mar. 1775, ag. 64 ; Elizab. his wife, 8 Jan. 1789, ag. 74.
* Those thus marked have been removed or are not now visible.
S. BENEDICT. 249
Job. Randall, MUS.D. prof, of music, 18 Mar. 1799, ag. 83 ; Grace his wife, 27 Apr. 1792, ag. 60 ; Anne his dau.-in-law, wife of Edw. Randall (formerly Anne Mayor), 8 Mar. 1797, ag. 29.
Cha. Skinner Matthews, M.A. (3rd son of Joh. Matthews, esq. of Belmont co. Heref. and Elizab. his wife) sch. of Trin. coll. and the first elected fell, of Down, coll., drowned whilst bathing in the Cam, 5 Aug. 1811, ag. 26.
Pearse White, town clerk, 3 Jul. 1819, set. 45 ; his nephew
of same name ; Fred. White, M.A. d. at Madras,
30 Sept, 1816, ag. 30 ; Cha. White, d. at Milledgville in Georgia, 12 Sept. 1812, get. 29.
Dame Elizabetha Maria Harwood, only dau. of rev. sir Joh. Pershall, bart. of Hales Owen, Salop, and the city of Oxford, and relict of sir Buswick Harwood, knt. M.D., F.R.S. & S.A., prof, of anat. and Down. prof. med. 10 June, 1836, ag. 73.
Will. Woodcock Hay ward, solicitor, 7 Feb. 1838, at. 40.
Edw. Randall, solicitor [author of legal and political tracts], youngest son of Dr. Randall, prof. mus. 22 Dec. 1840, ag. 75 ; Mary his second wife (formerly Minoch), 14 Nov. 1827, ag. 63.
Susannah, wife of rev. Geo. Coulcher, M.A. incumbent, b. 22 Jul. 1804, d. 13 Mar. 1842.
Jos. Jonath. Deighton [aid.] 31 Aug. 1848, ag. 56.
In the old churchyard.
Joh. Mere, esquire bedel, who gave in 1558 two dwelling- houses in this parish to the university, and a remembrance to the vice-chancellor and all the officers of the university present upon the day of his commemoration in this church.
Tho. Grumbold, free-mason, bur. 15 Aug. 1657.
*Isaac Tillot, sch. of C. C. coll. 13 Dec. 1669.
Francis Woodward, carver, an excellent artist, 1 Mar. 1710-11, 33t. 57.
Sam. Newton, 27 Sept. 1718, ast. 64 ; Elizab. his wife, 21 Aug. 1723, aet. 56; Elizab. his dau. wife of Ben. Watson, 2 Feb. 1721-2, set. 36; Ben. Watson, 6 Mar. 1717, set. 47.
*Nath. Bacon, twice churchwarden of Great S. Mary's, 1722.
*Cobb Audley, stud, of C. C. coll. b. 7 June, 1705, bur. 26 Jul. 1723.
250 S. BENEDICT.
Sarah, dao. of Sam. Newton, gent. 9 Feb. 1724-5, set 30.
Elizab. wife of Geo. Grumbold, 13 JuL 1737, at. 57 ; Will. Job. and Tbo. their sons.
"Against this stone Move not a bone."
Rebecca, wid. of rev. Joseph Berry of Watton, Norf., 10 April, 1762, set 72.
Joshua Wilkinson, B.D. fell, and tutor of C. C. colL 7 June, 1814, aet. 43.
Mary wife of Rob. White, town-clerk, 22 Sept. 1815, ag. 66.
Rev. Job. Bollen, 1 Oct. 1822, ag. 67.
Gilbert Ives, 10 Jane, 1825, ag. 78 ; Ann his wife, 24 Feb. 1808, ag. 60.
Job. Newby, chapel-clerk of Trin. coll. 10 Oct. 1828, ag. 68 ; Elizab. his wife, 5 Aug. 1787, ag. 23.
WilL Wentworth, surgeon, 26 Oct. 1832, ag. 38.
Rev. Rob. Lascelles, 31 JuL 1839, ag. 60.
Eliza wife of Zach. Scrope Shrapnel, B.A. S. Pet. colL 6 Dec. 1845, ag. 30 ; Laura Cath. Shrapnel, 10 Sept. 1842, ag. 3 weeks.
In the new churchyard.
Eliza Ann Waring, 30 Nov. 1849, ag. 45.
Sarah Metcalfe, relict of Henry Metcalfe, esq. of Hawstead house, Suff. 8 Jan. 1850, ag. 50.
Edw. Cranwell, 22 years sub-librarian of Trin. colL 24 Aug. 1850, ag. 56 ; and two daughters.
Ernest Fred. Fiske [M.A.] 4 Nov. 1850, ag. 35.
Martha, wid. of rev. Wpll] Bond, M.A. rect. of Wheatacre, Norf. 5 Mar. 1851, ag. 91 ; Sophia Anne, 4 dau. of Henry J. H. Bond, M.D. 21 Mar. 1855, ag. 14; Frances dau. of rev. WilL and Martha Bond, 20 May, 1857, ag. 57.
Elizab. wife of rev. Job. Hind, M.A. late fell, and tut. Sid. Suss. colL, 19 Aug. 1851, ag. 57.
Rob. Evans, rect. of Goveney and many years vie. of Everton, Notts. 12 Jan. 1852, ag. 81.
Job. Hen. Haslop, med. stud., b. 8 May, 1833, d. 9 Mar. 1856.
Jos. Stanley, 5 May, 1856, ag. 87.
Matt. Gent, sometime curate, 16 Dec. 1857, ag. 30.
Rob. Temple, late of Madeira, 18 Jan. 1859, ag. 46.
S. BENEDICT. 251
Cath. Montagu Fisher, wife of WilL Webster Fisher, MJ>. Down. prof, med., and sister of Hen. Annesley Woodham, UL.D. sometime fell. Jes. colL, b. at Newbury, Beits, 30 Nov. 1829, d. at Cambridge, 6 April, 1860.
Cha. Asby, aid. 17 JuL I860, ag. 70.
Kic. Bankes Harraden, [artist and author of Cantabrigia Depicta] 17 Nov. 1862, Sophia his wife, 27 Jan. 1861.
Amongst the distinguished persons who have been ministers of this parish may be enumerated : Richard Sterne, archbishop of York ; Thomas Fuller, D.D. the church historian ; John Spencer, D.D. dean of Ely ; Thomas Greene, bishop of Ely; Robert Moss, D.D. dean of Ely; Elias Sydall, bishop of Gloucester; Robert Masters, B.D. the historian of Corpus Christi college ; and John Lamb, D.D. dean of Bristol.
The following is a succinct account of bene- factions to the church and poor: Job. Raysoun, rector, in 1382 bequeathed service books and vest- ments, and a house("} for the residence of his suc- cessors; Tho. Scot, baker, in 1563 twenty shillings a year for a sermon and to the poor; Mr. Smith 1629 a cup of silver gilt with a cover; Tho. Hobson, the renowned carrier, a folio Bible, (i) and 6$. Sd. yearly to the minister for a sermon the Sunday before Michaelmas, with Is. to the clerk; Job. Priest 1658 a silver flaggon; Dame Dorothy Clarke, widow of sir Symon Clarke, in 1669 £3 a year for a sermon and to the poor ; Tobias Smith, tobacco pipe maker, £5 to buy two pieces of plate, 1670; Tho. Russell, woollendraper, £5 to be lent to a poor tradesman;
(a) Taken into Corpus Christi college on the appropriation.
(b) Printed in black letter by Rob. Barker, 1617, and still preserred in
the vestry.
252 S. BENEDICT.
Eic. Sheldrake, fell, of C. C. coll., 1684, a handsome velvet cushion for the pulpit ; Will. Bacon, of the Mitre tavern, vintnor, 1725 a brass sconce; Gilb. Ives, who died 1825, gave in his lifetime and by will land and £230 for various purposes, also £800 for erecting and endowing four almshouses, but the latter sum has been lost, the bequest being contrary to the mortmain act.
One of the maidens in Mrs. Knight's almshouses must be of this parish and in certain events the poor of this parish are entitled to election to Dr. Perse's almshouses. (a)
In this parish are comprised Addenbrooke's hos- pital, Downing college, and parts of Corpus Christi, King's, and S. Catharine's colleges.
The hermitage of S. Anne,(i) the hostel of S.
(a) Vide ante, p. 173.
(6) This hermitage, situate in Trumpington street, was founded by Henry de Tangmer, burgess, who died about 1361. He gave it to Corpus Christi college, but the corporation afterwards possessed themselves of it by violence.
In 1399 the bishop of Ely granted an indulgence to all who would assist in supporting this chapel and in relieving sir Job. Bernewell the chaplain and hermit.
In 1458 Walter Smyth, B.D., rector of S. Benedict's, was licenced by the bishop of Ely to perform divine service in this chapel, either in person or by proper chaplains, which licence was renewed to many of the suc- ceeding rectors.
On 16 August, 1546, the mayor brought into the hall 2 albs with the appurtenances, a chalice, a mass book, and a bell belonging to this Her- mitage, which were delivered to the treasurers for safe custody. The chalice was afterwards sold for 40s., and an order was made that the chapel and house should be viewed by the supervisors of the town, and sold to the highest bidder by piecemeal if any would buy it so and if not in gross. In 1549 the chapel was sold to Rob. Chapman and Chris. Francke for £11. It would seem that this bargain extended only to the materials, for the site (known as the Armitage) was leased by the corporation to William Wulfe, 1579-80; Joh. Tidswell, 1596-7; Giles Robson, 1633; Ric. Dickenson,
S. BENEDICT. 253
Augustine, (0) and the hospital of SS. Anthony and Eligius were in this parish. The latter edifice was taken down in 1852.(fi)
A house in this parish which went by the name of the White Horse is famous in history as having been the place in which those students and graduates of the university, who in the earlier part of the reign of Henry VIII. favoured the reformed doc- trines were accustomed to meet. They were deri- sively termed germans, and the White Horse became known as Germany. (c)
1657; rev. Joh. Blithe and Elizab. his wife, 1699; Sam. Pect, aid., 1730; Will. Musgrave and Maria his wife, and Tho. Bartlet and Dorothy his wife, 1759; and Joseph Finch, ironmonger, 1789. It was sold to the latter 8 May, 1790.
The dimensions were towards Trumpington Street 144 feet, towards the east 146 feet, on the north 73 feet, and on the south 63 feet. It was occupied by one large house and seven cottages fronting the street, and in the rear were several outbuildings (including a large barn) placed around a yard once used as a tan yard. On part of the site was subsequently erected the dwelling house of the late John Haviland, M.D.
(a) It stood between S. Augustine's lane and Plotes lane, on or near the site of the new buildings of King's college. It probably succeeded that hostel of S. Augustine situate in Milne street in the parish of S. John the Baptist, which was granted by the master and fellows of Clare hall to Hen. VI. for the site of King's college (vide Vol. I., p. 195).
Thomas Stackhouse, D.D., master of Michaelhouse, 1520, who died in or about 1533, was sometime principal of S. Augustine's hostel.
(b) Vide ante, p. 167—169.
(c) The White Horse evidently formed part of the estates of John Canterbury, clerk of the works at King's college, which were granted to Catharine hall by Cath. Miles, widow (in compliance with the will of her husband Will. Miles, gent.), 4 April, 24 Hen. VII. [1509].— S. Cath. Coll. Documents, 64.
The master and fellows of Catharine hall on 1 Jan., 4 Edw. VI. [1550-1], granted a lease of the White Horse to [Joh.] Emmanuel Tremellius, the celebrated hebrew teacher, for 30 years at £3. 14s. 8d. per annum. On 26 May, 2 & 3 Phil. & Mar. [1556], it was sold by the college with other adjoining property to Joh. Mere, M.A., esquire bedel.
The White Horse appears from the grant of Cath. Miles and the con-
254 S. BENEDICT.
The Bull hotel, erected in or about 1831, oc- cupies the site of an inn previously known as the Black Bull, and which was in existence as early as 4 Edw. IV.(4) The Eagle hotel, formerly called the Eagle and Child, is also of considerable antiquity.
veyance to Mere, to hare occupied the site of the house, now belonging to King's college, which adjoins the Bull hotel on the north. — Camb. Port- folio, 361, 532.
(a) At that time it belonged to Michaelhouse. It was given to Catha- rine hall by John Gostlin, M.D., master of Caius college and Regius pro- fessor of physic, who died 1626 (vide Vol. I., p. 337).
S. BOTOLPH.
THIS church was appropriated to the prior and convent of Barnwell by Eustace, bishop of Ely (1197-1215), with the reservation of a stipend to a vicar.
On an exchange between Gonville hall and Corpus Christi college in 1353 the former agreed to procure for the latter the patronage of this Church, from Mary, countess of Pembroke, who had contracted to purchase it for her college. In the same year the prior and convent of Barnwell were empowered by the bishop of Ely to transfer all their right in this church to Corpus Christi college, upon condition that they paid four marks annually for the same.
In 1432 there was a dispute as to the augmen- tation of the vicarage. Geoffrey Couper, the vicar, was summoned before the chancellor of the university to answer the complaint of the master and fellows of the college, and not appearing was pronounced excommunicate and perjured. From this sentence he appealed to the archbishop's court.
In August 1439 there was a dispute between the prior and convent of Barnwell and Corpus Christi college as to the patronage of this church which was adjudged to belong to the college.
In the same year and during the incumbency of Andrew Doket the church was re-established as a rectory.
256 S. BOTOLPH.
In 1446 a dispute which had arisen on the sub- ject of the payment of the 4 marks per annum to Barn well priory was referred to the arbitrament of John Fray, chief baron of the exchequer, and others who determined that the payment should be con- tinued, but that the convent should deliver up all their evidences and assist the college as much as possible in getting the church appropriated. How- ever in 1459 the college bought off this pension for 100 marks, and in the following year sold the ad- vowson, with a tenement and garden, to Queens' college, for 80 marks, reserving to themselves the liberty of making use of the church for divine service as often as they should have occasion and were obliged by statute.
The prior and convent of Barn well in 1470 un- successfully contested the right of Queens' college to present to this church.
In 1291 the vicarage was taxed at £2. 135. 4d. and a pension of the prior of Barn well at the same sum. In 1534 the rectory was taxed at £2. 14s. 4Je?.
The rectory has been augmented as follows: in 1737 the governors of queen Anne's bounty gave £200 ; in 1748 Queens' college £200 ; in 1749 the governors of queen Anne's bounty £200; in 1784 the trus- tees of David Hughes, B.D. £200; in 1785 the governors of queen Anne's bounty £200 ; in 1814 the same governors from the parliamentary grant £200.w
(a) The following are extracts from the inquisition taken 23 Oct., 1650, before commissioners for providing maintenance for preaching ministers :
"The Parish of St. Bottolphe hath neither Parsonage nor Viccaridge belonging to theire Church that they know of.
256
h had i.
> the arbitral;
.vchequer, and others
» :teiit should be con-
:ivent should deliver up all
>id assist the college as much as
.r the church appropriated. How-
ror
id in the folk
vowson, with a tenement and ns?
colit0; • , for 80 marks, reserving he
liberty -of making use of the church for divine servic'e as oUon as they should have occasion and were * oblige! by statute.
The prior and convent of Barnwell in 1470 un- successfully contested the right of Qr to pro-sent to this elm
lu 1291 t ' a pension <», In
Tb. •
u '
'
in 1814 in the .ontary grant
on tals en 23 Oct., 1650,
linisters:
• ..tth u-sonage nor Viccaridge
'• know of.
S. BOTOLPH. 257
On the inclosure of Barnwell an allotment was made to the rector of this parish in lieu of tithes.
There was a lecture here in 1620, but it was pro- bably of short continuance, (a) for in or about 1691 Symon Patrick, bishop of Ely, established an after- noon Sunday lecture and allowed £30 a year to the lecturer. This appears to have terminated with that prelate's life.
The church which is throughout in the perpen- dicular style is spacious and picturesque.
The tower(6) has a large western window inserted about 1841 when the church underwent a restoration.
"That Queene's Colledge receaves twentye shillings per Annum for a howse called the Parsonage House. And Three pounds fifteene shillings and eight pence per Annum for Tythe Corne and have usually provided them a Minister till of late yeares. But at the present they are unprovided both of a Minister and maintenance."
The commissioners recommended that the parish of S. Mary the less and a part of the parish of S. Benedict should be united to this parish.
(a) The lectures at Great S. Andrew's and Trinity churches having been suppressed, John Preston, fellow of Queen's college (afterwards master of Emmanuel), announced his intention of preaching at S. Botolph's on a Sunday afternoon, at three o'clock, after Great S. Mary's sermon. Dr. Newcombe, commissary to the bishop of Ely, came however to S. Botolph's and commanded that there should be evening prayer only, and no sermon ; but after his departure Mr. Preston, encouraged by the minister, the earl of Lincoln, and others in the church, preached his sermon, and on account of the delay occasioned by the commissary's interference the common prayer was omitted to enable the scholars to attend prayers in their college chapels. On the following day the commissary complained to the king at Newmarket, and a letter being sent to Dr. Scot the vice-chancellor and the heads of colleges, Mr. Preston was cited before them for his disobedience, and, after some correspondence with the bishop of Ely, was ordered to declare his opinions respecting forms of prayer in this church on a given Sunday, which he did in a manner that neither displeased his own party nor gave his enemies any great advantage.
(6) The four bells are inscribed with the names of SS. John, Andrew, Margaret, and Mary Magdalen; "Ora pro nobis," being on three of them.
VOL. III. S
258 S. BOTOLPH.
The nave has four lofty drop arches with octa- gonal piers on either side. There is no clerestory.
Annexed to the south porch is a small chapel now used as a vestry.
The chancel, which is apteral, is separated from the nave by a very good rood screen.
The font is in the Jacobean style with a canopy of corresponding character.
The roofs of the nave and chancel have been plaistered over. Those of the aisles and the south chapel are very good specimens of timber work.
The altar piece representing the Crucifixion was presented in 1819 by John Smith, university printer, who brought it from Antwerp.
MONUMENTAL INSCEIPTIONS :
In the church and chancel.
Tho. Plaifere, D.D. of S. Job. coll. Marg. prof, of divinity, 4 non. Feb. 1609 [1608-9], get. 47, (with painted bust.) Erected by Alice his widow.
*Joh. Campe, 23 May, 1632.
Job. Hayes, univ. printer, 28 Nov. 1705, ag. 71 ; Elizab. his wife, 13 Sept. 1705, ag. 76.
Job. Brewer, bricklayer, 21 Nov. 1706, aet. 56 ; Eliza wife of Will. Pitches, 18 Jun. 1741, ag. 72.
Tho. Cooper, native of Salisbury, stud. Qu. coll. 13 Feb. 1740-1, ag. 21.
Joshua Aungier Oct. 1760.
Tho. Walker, LL.D. advocate in Doctor's commons and some- time fell. Qu. coll. b. 9 Sept. 1702, d. 16 Sept. 1764; Elizab. his wid. 24 Apr. 1780, ag. 62.
Mary wife of Tho. Hyde, merchant, 24 Feb. 1770, aet. 26.
Tho. Bennet [LL.B. esquire bedel] 18 Mar. 1770, ag. 70; Cath. his wife, 1 Mar. 1729-30, aet. 35; and four of their children.
The inscriptions marked * have been destroyed or are now invisible.
»n.
.ofty drop arc: idc. T no clei
-outlj porvui is a small chap
pteral, is separated from _rood rood screen. :-,Q Jacobean style with a canopy character.
of the nave £en
pla; er. Those of <
cha very good specimena of tin
-The altar piece representing the < pn in 1819 by John Smith, v ter,
who brought it irom Antwerp.
MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS:
In the church and chancel.
Tho. Plaifere, D.D. of S. Job. coll. Marg. prof. oV 4 non.'i-' ' [1608-9], «t. 47, (with pa
by Alice his widow.
*Joh. Campe, 23 Mo
Job. IL wife, IT-,
Joh. Brewe.- ofWilt.Pitc
Th- '& «*
and some- 4; Elizab.
le, merchant . 1770, «t. 2€.
esquire bcdc r. 1770, ag. 70;
-3-30, *t. 35; aud four of their
bave been dessT»'->yed or are now invisible.
S. BOTOLPH. 259
Joseph Thorpe, B.D. pres. Cath. hall, 5 Mar. 1775, ag. 55.
Mary wife of Tho. Preston, vie. of Scawby, d. at Scar- borough, 15 Jul. 1776, set. 31, bur. in chancel of Scawby; Susanna wife of rev. A[nt.J F[ountayne] Eyre, residentiary of York, d. at Barnborough, 2 Nov. 1776, set. 28, bur. in chancel of Doncaster. Erected to memory of their children by Kenrick Prescot, D.D. master of Cath. hall and Mary his wife.
Ric. Hayles, surgeon, 16 Apr. 1781, ag. 67 ; Martha his wife, 25 Nov. 1799, ag. 78; and four infant children.
Ja. Essex, F.S.A. eminent for his skill in architecture and antiquities, 14 Sept. 1784, ag. 63 ; Ja. only son of Ja. and Elizab. Essex, 3 May, 1757, ag. 2 yrs. 10 mo. ; Meliscent only dau. of Ja. and Elizab. Essex, and wife of rev. Joh. Hammond, M.A. 22 Jan. 1787, ag. 30.
Tho. Peacock of Cath. hall (son of rev. Will. Peacock, rect. of Danby Wiske, Yorksh. and Elizab. his wife) 23 May, 1786, ag. 21.
Elizab. Eyre, dau. of rev. Ant. Fountayne Eyre and Susanna
his wife 1786; Mary wife of Kenrick Prescot, D.D.
mast, of Cath. hall, 5 Oct. 1788, ag. 62.
Joh. Houghton, esq. of Baguley, Chesh. 26 Nov. 1788, ag. 22.
Will. Lillie, stud. Qu. coll. (son of Joh. Lillie of Sleaford, Line, and Judith his wife, dau. of Cha. Beauvoir, esq. of Guernsey) 28 Nov. 1788, set. 22. Erected by his grandmother Elizab. Beauvoir.
Patr. Beales, 20 Oct. 1792, ag. 42; Mary Curtis, 6 Mar. 1806, ag. 58 ; Sam. Pickering Beales, 4 May, 1836, ag. 71 ; Martha his wife, 11 Mar. 1834, ag. 65.
Frances Wollaston, 3rd dau. of Ric. and Martha Hayles, and wife of rev. F. J. H. Wollaston, Jacksonian prof. b. 18 Oct. 1760, d. 8 Oct. 1804 ; and two of their infant children.
Hannah Middleton (only dau. of Pet. Middleton, esq. of Whitby and Sarah his wife, and niece of Joh. Lodge Hubbersty of Line, inn, barrister-at-law, and sen. fell. Qu. coll.) b. 1 Sept. 1790, d. 30 May, 1812.
Herb. Raban, fell. com. Qu. coll. 7 June, 1818, ag. 32.
Edw. Tonison, statuary and mason, 4 Jul. 1829, ag. 56 ; Lewis Tomson his brother, 26 Mar. 1832, ag. 49 ; Tho. Tomson their brother, 12 Feb. 1849, ag. 74.
S2
260 S. BOTOLPH.
In the old churchyard.
Will. Archer, aid. sometime mayor, 23 Sept. 1616, aet. 71.
Judith Clay, 30 Oct. 1664.
"This Stone doth Speake to tell thee that this Dust Once living Clay, Quickened with earth & trust Death And the Grave did Modestly invite As Friends to be her Convoy into Light."
Nic. Goldsbrough, bur. 13 May, 1666; Mary his wife, bur. 19 May, 1685 ; Rob. their son, bur. 30 Sept. 1701 ; and two of his children.
Rob. Grumbold, 7 Dec. 1720, ag. 82 ; Bridget his wife, 28 Oct. 1721, ag. 85.
*Will. Scarfe, aid. sometime mayor, 25 Apr. 1724, set. 53.
Barbara Pepys, last surviving child of Rog. Pepys, esq. of Impington and sister of Cha. Pepys, esq. 17...
Joh. Burges [univ. printer] 16 Apr. 1802, ag. 54 ; Susannah his wife, dau. of Will, and Ann Raster, 23 Apr. 1795, art. 50.
Owen Stone, schoolmaster, 30 May, 1815, ag. 64 ; Cath. his wife, 14 Apr. 1814, ag. 68 ; Mary their dau
Hen. Hodges, esq. M.A. Emm. coll. 14 Jun. 1820, ag. 53.
Will. Weeks Morris Bennett, stud. C. C. coll. 20 Apr. 1830, ag. 25.
Will. Key, many years steward to Ric. vise. Fitzwilliam and curator of the Fitzwilliam museum, 18 Sept. 1834, ag. 82.
Joh. Smith, 26 years printer to the university, b. in this parish, 12 Sept. 1777, d. at Thetford, Norfolk, 16 Aug. 1840.
Fred. Thackeray, M.D. Emm. coll, 18 Jun. 1852, ag. 78.
In the new churchyard.
Kath. Frances Beales, b. 25 Sept. 1812, d. 2 May, 1857. Will. Hampton Gabbett of Trin. hall, b. 27 Jan. 1846, d. 30 Dec. 1862.
In 1506 mention is made of the rood light and Trinity light.
S. BOTOLPH. 261
William Dowsing thus records his exploits here under the date of Jan. 1643-4:
We digged up the Stepes & brake down 12 Popish Inscrip- tions.
Amongst the eminent rectors and curates of this
o
church have been : Andrew Doket, first president of Queens' college; Beilby Porteus, bishop of London; Isaac Milner, D.D. dean of Carlisle; and Samuel Vince, Plumian professor.
Thomas de Cambridge, a friar minor, before his entrance into religion gave land to find a chap- lain continually to celebrate in this church. (a) In 15 Ric. II. Robert Newport and others had licence to give 4 A. 3 K. OP. of land and 6 A. of meadow for a chaplain in this church. Richard Andrewe, alias Spicer, burgess, gave in 1459 money and lands to Queens' college for the maintenance of a bible clerk there and the observance of an annual obiit in this church ; Thomas Johnson, citizen and haberdasher of London, in 1563 gave, for wood and coals to the poor, 405. per annum; Joh. Lanham in 1657 gave a small estate at Toft; Adam Newling, alderman, gave in 1696 205. per annum; John Brewer, brick- layer, in 1706 gave £50 to buy land for the poor.
Queens' college, the Pitt Press, and portions of Pembroke, Corpus Christi, and S. Catharine's colleges
(a) From an indenture, dated 1330, in the Grey friars' convent at Bab- well without Bury S. Edmund's, between Tho. de Cambridge and Tho. de Abyton, vicar of this church, it appears that the former gave lands and tenements to his nephew Joh. Breton for the purpose of finding a chaplain, but that he was unfaithful to his trust. The purport of the deed is that the donor, at the instance of his sister dame Joan de Creke, was willing to release Breton from his obligation on paying 40s. a year for 20 years for the said charitable purposes.
262 S. BOTOLPH.
are in this parish, wherein were situate the hostels of S. Bernard/'1^ S. BotolpV6' and S. Cross/" and the hermitage at the small bridges. (d]
The Cardinal's Cap, an inn of some repute, stood on a portion of the ground now occupied by the
(a) S. Bernard's hostel, which was in 1456 the property of Queen's college, was in 1535 sold by that society to Corpus Christi college in which it is now included. It abutted towards Trumpington street on the west.
(6) S. Botolph's hostel, situate between the church and Pembroke college fronting Pennyfarthing lane (now known as S. Botolph's lane), was in Fuller's time occupied by Wenham a cook. Some collegiate character was then retained in the building.
(c) S. Cross's hostel is said to have occupied the site of the old Tennis court and Corpus Christi college orchard.
A hostel of the same name is mentioned 19 Hie. II. as belonging to the S. John's hospital, and being south of a curtilage belonging to the nunnery of Stratford atte Bowe, which abutted upon Scole lane towards the east. It is probable that this hostel was soon afterwards absorbed into Clare hall or Trinity hall, and that thereupon the scholars of the hostel migrated to the house in S. Botolph's which obtained the same name as that which they had left.
(d) Joh. Fordham, bishop of Ely, in 1 396 granted an indulgence to all who should contribute to the repair of the small bridges, also a licence for service in the chapel there.
Hen. IV. on 31 Oct., 1399, granted certain customs for two years to Joh. Jay, the hermit, for repair of the bridge and causeway between Cambridge and Barton. The grant was renewed for two years longer in 1401, and in 1406 another grant for two years was made to Thomas Kendall the then hermit.
On Michaelmas day, 1428, the corporation granted that the willows growing on the causeway between and near the small bridges, and in and near the garden of the hermitage there, should be for the use of the hermit for the repair of the causeway, his hermitage, and the slippery and ruinous way over the bridge and causeway.
Richard Dekyn, who in 1494 held of the corporation a garden enclosed near the hermitage at the rent of two shillings, was probably a hermit.
The site of the hermitage was leased by the corporation to Oliver Grene, 20 Sept., 31 Eliz. [1589], It was in 1790 leased for a long term to Patrick Beales, from whom it came to his brother S. P. Beales, esq., who erected thereon a substantial mansion and mercantile premises now occupied by his son Patrick Beales, alderman, who purchased the reversion from the cor- poration in 1839.
S. BOTOLPH. 263
Pitt Press. It was discontinued as an inn about the beginning of the present century.
The Small Bridge, (a) consisting of a single iron arch, was built by the corporation in 1841 in the place of a wooden structure which had been re- peatedly reconstructed. At the same time the ap- proaches were widened and much improved.(6)
A considerable part of the hamlet and manor of Newnham is within this parish. (c)
(a) The term Smallbridges is still prevalent. This may be explained by the circumstance that the Cam was formerly at this point divided into two branches and there was a bridge over each (vide Vol. I., p. 290).
The street known for centuries as Smallbridge street has long had the inexpressive appellation of Silver street.
(b) The cost of the bridge and of the improvement of the approaches was £1956. 15s., towards which the conservators of the Cam contributed £300 ; Trinity hall, £50 ; the duke of Northumberland, chancellor of the university, £50; and colleges and individuals various sums which made the •whole subscription £739. 15s.
(c) See under S. Mary the less.
S. CLEMENT.
THE nuns of S. Rhadegund obtained this church about 1222 by the donation of Hugh son of Absolom.(a) It was appropriated at an early period, a vicarage being endowed, and passed on the sup- pression of the nunnery to the master and fellows of Jesus college.
In 1254 this church with the vicarage was valued at 7 marks. In 1534 the vicarage was rated at £4. 55. Sd.j and the chantry at £7. 11s. 8d.
The benefice has been thus augmented: James Yorke, bishop of Ely, £200 in 1800 ; the governors of queen Anne's bounty £200 in 1801 ; Jesus college £200 in 1810 ; the governors of queen Anne's bounty £300 in the same year, and in 1815 £800 from the parliamentary grant. (6)
Dr. Laurence Chaderton, the first master of Em- manuel college, was for many years lecturer here "with great profit to his auditors." About 1691 Symon Patrick, bishop of Ely, established a Sunday afternoon lectureship in this church, allowing £30 a year to the lecturer. The office was held by
(a) Vide Vol. i., 357.
(J) The inquisition taken 23 Oct. 1650, before the commissioners for providing maintenance for preaching ministers, contains this passage :
" The Parishe of S. Clements hath neither minister nor any thing for the maintenance of a minister."
The commissioners recommended that S. Sepulchres should be united to this parish.
ENT.
uns of ulegund obtained ibis church
donation of Hugh son of
Ab appropriated at an early period,
• iearagp being endowed, and op-
pression <>: the nunnery to tb- >ws
of <? Allege.
, In 1254 this church with the vicarage was valued
•
7 marks. In 1534 the vicarage was rated at
S</., and the chantry at £7. 11*-. 8t7. . ..:. The benefice lias been thus augm- .-hop .of Ely, £200 in 1800; of queen . Anne's bounty £200 in 1>
i :£3<
/
par!
Dr Km-
•
mr;
1691
; held by
the commissioi 'i;S this passage: ..ath neither minister nor any thing for th«
that B. Sepulchres should be united
S. CLEMENT. 265
William Whiston, Lucasian professor, till Oct. 1709, when lie resigned in consequence of exceptions to his doctrine, for which in the following year he was banished the university and deprived of his professorship.
The nave of the church has five pier arches on either side. The four western are early english (but distorted by settlements so as to appear four- centred) and the eastern decorated.
The perpendicular clerestory is manifestly an ad- dition to the original structure.
The side aisle walls are late perpendicular, and the aisles have been widened. This is shewn by the north-east window which is early english, altered to perpendicular and out of the centre of the present aisle. (fl)
There is a rich early english door on the south side which must have been removed from its original position. This door was restored in 1842.
The chancel arch which is plain may be early english.
The chancel which is of brick was erected in or about 1726. It is separated from the body of the church by a screen of the Corinthian order, sur- mounted by a circular pediment, and the altar is surrounded by Corinthian pilasters.
(a) On a beam in the north aisle is inscribed the name of Thomas Braken, esq., and the date 1538. He was mayor 1524, 1529, and 1543, and member of parliament for the town from 1531 till his death in 1545. On the dissolution of Barnwell priory he obtained a grant of the manor of Chesterton which had belonged to that house. It is probable that he was buried at Chesterton, where is an altar tomb without an inscription, but bearing his arms.
266 S. CLEMENT.
There is a good plain perpendicular font.
The tower{o) and spire, designed by Charles Humfrey, esq., were erected in 1821 with a be- quest of the eminent antiquary, the rev. William Cole, M.A., who died in 1782. Over the doorway is Mr. Cole's motto " DEUM COLE,"(J} which although peculiarly appropriate has been somewhat fastidiously objected to. The vane on the spire is surmounted by the crest of the architect.
MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS :
In the church and chancel.^
Eudo de Helpringham, clerk, sometime mayor, 8 June, 1329. W
Phoebe, wife of Edw. Withnoll, pastor of the church of Christ, and dau. of Ja. Percevall of Cambridge, 13 kal. Dec. 1658, set 22 [a brass.]
Will Pedder,gent. 30 Jul., 1683 ; Will, his son, 13 Mar. 1697-8.
Mat. Wildbore, 4 Aug. 1689 ; Francis Brackenbury, 20 Mar. 1699-1700 ; Kath. wife of each of them successively, 10 Dec. 1706.
*Tho. Sowersbye, gent., 30 Jim. 1695, set. 94 ; Mabell his wife, 8 Sept. 1673, set. 64.
*Ad. Newling, aid. 13 Mar. 1696-7, set. 68; Elizab. his wife, 1686, set. 68.
Dan. Love, aid. capt. of the trained bands, a true subject to the Queen, and a lover of his country, 6 Mar. 1707-8 set. 52 ; Martha, his wife, 29 Mar. 1715, aet. 49.
(a) Before the erection of the tower the bells were hung in a wooden structure on the north west side of the churchyard.
(b) Since to old Cole (Heaven rest his soul,
Who lov'd God's worship holy ;) This spire we owe, we've placed below His motto " DEUM COLE."
Camb. Chron., 8 Mar., 1822.
(c) The inscriptions marked* have been destroyed or are now invisible.
(d) The inscription in Lombardic characters is much defaced, and the name has been read as " Youn de Helysingham." Eudo de Helpringham, was mayor 1318, 1319, 1324, 1325, 1326, and 1327.
S. CLEMENT.
*01iver Pangbourn, 13 Jan. 1720-1, aet. 87.
Rog. Thompson, esq. 17 Dec. 1750, ag. 82 ; Sarah his wife, 18 Feb. 1763, ag. 51.
Mary Benson, 23 Jul. 1762, ag. 70; Elizab. Johnson, late kinswoman of Tho. Doe Benson, 8 Apr. 1758, ag. 12.
Phoebe wife of Will. Anderson, 29 Sept. 1762, ag. 48.
Rob. Hodson, 3 Apr. 1763, ag. 58 ; Mary his wife, 27 Jan. 1769, ag. 53. Erected by their eldest son Will. Hodson.
Rev. Will. Cole, M.A. of Clare hall, vie. of Burnham, Bucks, who resided chiefly at Milton, co. Camb. and was a magistrate and deputy lieut. of that county, 16 Dec. 1782, aet. 68.
Cha. Martindale, gent. 14 Oct. 1788, ag. 70 ; Judith Mar- tindale [his wid.] 18 Jan. 1799, ag. 72.
Josiah Xeale, 8 May, 1792, ag. 74 ; Ann his wife, 27 May, 1802, ag. 78 ; Ann their dau. 19 Jan. 1826, ag 62.
Will. Hodson, B.D. sen. fell, and vice-master of Trin. coll. 6 Oct. 1793, ag. 49.
Joh. Whittred, esq. (eld. son of King Whittred) aid. J.P. and sometime mayor, 21 Jun. 1795, ag. 77; Mary his wife, 12 Jan. 1801, ag. 91.
"Will. Scott, 11 Mar. 1808, ag. 66; Elizab. his wife, 15 Apr. 1812, ag. 66 ; three of their children.
Sarah wife of Fra. Joh. Gunning, solicitor, 9 Nov. 1832, ag. 33.
Outside western wall of north aisle.
Joseph Gray, 23 years apothecary of Addenbrooke's hospital, b. 11 Mar. 1761, d. 12 Mar. 1808. Erected by the governors of the hospital.
In the old churchyard.
*Rog. Thompson, brewer and benefactor to the town and parish, 19 April, 1645, ag. 74.
*WiU. Challis, 3 Jul. 1659.
*Jeffrey Best, waterman and benefactor, 19 Apr. 1662.
*Ann wife of Nic. Eagle, aid., and mother of 9 sons and 2 daughters, 15 Jul. 1688.
*Dan. Love, 20 Dec. 1693, aet. 75.
268 S. CLEMENT.
In the new churchyard.
Job. Eaden [j. P. and sometime aid.] 29 Nov. 1852, ag. 79 ; Anne his wife, 14 Jul. 1858, ag. 81.
Caroline wife of Hen. Eaden, 13 May, 1856, ag. 59.
In this church were gilds of S. Clement(a) and Jesus, and we find mention of the Rood chapel, the chapel of S. Mary and S. Nicholas, and the lights of S. Clement, S. Christopher, S. Erasmus, S. Mary, Jesus, and the Holy Trinity.
Before 1278 Robert Aungier gave 5 marks annu- ally for the celebration of the mass of B. V. Mary in this church. In 1325 William de Lolleworth, clerk, settled lands in Cambridge and Chesterton for two chaplains daily celebrating at the altar of S. Nicholas in this church. In 1352 William Horwoode, sometime mayor, augmented the endowment of Lolleworth's chantry. In 1473 Thomas Walter gave 20s. a year for his obiit to be kept by S. Clement's gild. In 1559 Richard Chevin gave 10s. a year for two ser- mons and the repairs of the fabric, and William Richardson gave 13s. ±d. a year to the poor. In 1568, Henry Hodson gave 10s. a year for a sermon
(a) The statutes of this gild, dated 1431, are in Trinity college library, and there is a transcript in MS. Cole XLV. 1.
It was governed by an alderman, two masters, a clerk, and a dean elected annually.
The annual meeting was on the Sunday after Low Sunday, and there was also a morrow-speech on the Sunday after Michaelmas.
The members were forbidden to go to law until they had first laid their case before the alderman.
At the general meetings the alderman was allowed a gallon of ale for himself and his guests, each master and the clerk a pottle, and the dean a quart.
The clerk and the dean had each 20eJ. a year for wages.
S. CLEMENT. 269
and the poor. In 1593 Lambert Damps, gave 14s. a year, and Tbo. Ellys 6s. 8d. a year to the poor. In 1645 Roger Thompson gave 2s. a week amongst four poor widows. In 1662 Jeffery Best, water- man, gave the annual interest of £20 to the poor. In 1692 Thomas Sowersbye gave 12-s. a year to the poor, and in 1696 Adam Newling, alderman, gave 20^. a year.
William Dowsing, who visited this church 24 Dec. 1643, and 1 Jan. 1643-4, says:
We brake do\vn 30 Superstitious Pictures, divers of the Apostles, the Pope Peters Keies.
In this parish were S. Clement's hostel, (a) Har-
(a) Joh. Cotworth, doctor of both the laws, principal of this hostel, died in Sept. 1535. By his will dated 18th and proved 24th of that month, he desired to be buried in the chapel of S. Nicholas in the church of S. Clement, and bequeathed to the vicar 6s. 8d., to the church 20s., and to the poor in half-penny loaves 12s. He willed that his body once dead should be put into a coffin of boards and therewith buried, and that at the dirige the uni- versity should have no groats because they said there was no purgatory ; and he bequeathed 2s. to the bellman for the redemption of his habit. (MS. Baker, VI. 210).
The following were members of this hostel : Rob. Clyffe, LL.D., warden of Manchester, and chancellor of the diocese of Ely, died 1538; Eic. Sampson, bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, died 1554; and Griffin Trygan, LL.D., an eminent civilian, died about 1562.
This hostel which adjoined S. Clement's church on the south, and was of considerable extent, was devised to the corporation by Richard Chevin, burgess and baker, by his will dated 20 June, 1559, subject to certain annual payments for charitable purposes.
In 1582 the corporation designed to erect on part of the land at the back of this hostel a house to set the poor to work, and for reformation of idle persons.
Part of this hostel was converted into seven almshouses, leased by the cor- poration to John Cropley, B D , and Ann his wife, 1609-10, to Francis Jermin and others 1696; to Tho. Jermin and others 1714; to Tho. Nutting and others 1724; and to the churchwardens and overseers 1733, 1753, 1769, and 1781. The last lease expired at Lady-day 1802.
270 S. CLEMENT.
leston place, (0) Wimpole hall/61 and Sedge hall.(c) The Great bridge(d) is partly situate in this parish
(a) In 5 Hen. IV. Ivo de Harleston died seised of a manor in this parish, •which extended into Newnham, Coton, Chesterton, Waterbeach, Fordham, and Enhale.
William Grey, bishop of Ely, on 16 June, 1466, empowered the principal fellows and scholars of the hostel, called Harleston place, to celebrate divine service without note in their chapel or oratory within their hostel for three years (MS. Baker xxx. 40.)
The lane in which it stood situate immediately northward of S. Clement's church, was anciently known as Harleston lane. It subsequently acquired its present appellation of Thompson's lane from the family of Thompson who had a large brewhouse there from about 1520 to about 1750. This brew- house, subsequently occupied by Andrew White, LL.D., alderman, John Purchas, John Haggerston, and two successive Richard Fosters, has recently been converted into an iron-foundry by the present owner Swann Hurrell, alderman.
(6) Wimpole hall was situate near the Great bridge on the western side of Bridge street. It belonged to the abbat and convent of Bury S. Edmund's. In 14 Edw. III. it was in the tenure of Ric. de Adinton, at the annual rent of 4s. 6d., having been previously held during his life by Geoff, de Costiseye. In 3 Ric. II., Rog. le Forbychhour, held at the like rent, the house which had been occupied by Ric. de Adinton. It is not then called Wimpole hall and it may therefore be inferred that it had ceased to be used for academi- cal purposes.
(c) Sedge hall which is supposed to have been at one period occupied by scholars, occurs in a deed of 1563. It appears to have abutted on the river.
(d] It is from the bridge which occupied this spot at a very early date, that the town derives its name.
By inquisition taken in 1276 it appears that the bridge was then im- passable, and that Robert del Estre, the sheriff of the county, levied various sums by hidage in certain hundreds of the county for the repairs of the bridge, that a great part of these sums had not been employed to the uses designed, and that whilst the bridge was impassable the sheriff provided a barge and exacted for passage sums which he appropriated to his own use. It was also presented that Richard Prest, the keeper of the sheriff's prison, took away planks from the bridge by night in order by delaying the repairs to augment the sheriff's profits.
In 1278 the bridge was presented as in a scandalous state of decay, and it was found that the reparation and rebuilding was a charge on the owners of certain lands in the county held by that tenure.
On 3 March, 1348-9, a royal commission of inquiry was issued as to the liability to repair the bridge then much dilapidated.
S. CLEMENT. 271
which was formerly inhabited by many considerable merchants and traders.
On the Great bridge was placed the cuckingstool for the punishment of scolds. (a)
Commissions for the repair of the bridge were issued 17 May, 1362 ; 21 April, 1383; 12 Feb., 1390-1; 15 Feb., 1393-4; 14 July, 1413; 24 June, 1423 ; 6 July, 1478, and at many subsequent periods.
The bridge "was rebuilt in 1482 by a rate on the owners of pontage lands aided by a toll.
The pontage lands are situate in Barton, Bourn, Boxvrorth, Caldecot, Childerley, Conington, Dry Drayton, Duxford, Ellisley, Eversden, Grant- chester, Hardwick, Histon, Hokynton, Landbeach, Lol worth, Longstanton, Over, Papworth Agnes, Papworth Everard, Swavesey, Toft, Westwick, and Whittlesford.
The Great bridge was carried away by a flood, 6 Sept. 1594.
The timber bridge which succeeded to that demolished in 1594, was taken down in 1754, when a bridge of stone was erected, the cost of which was £1327, raised by subscription. It must have been very badly built as it was presented as ruinous and in decay at the town sessions held 10 Oct. 1799.
The present bridge was erected in 1822, by a subscription which ex- ceeded £2400. The conservators of the Cam gave £400, the university £200, Magdalen college £200, and the corporation £150. The bridge, which is of iron, was designed by Arthur Brown, esq., and built under the superintendence of the county magistrates.
(a) In 1594 the corporation recovered damages against one Andrews for pulling down the cuckingstool. The town treasurers in 1604 charge 20$. for a new cuckstool, and in the following year 9s. for timber to it, and 10s. for iron work. In 1624 they make the following charges :
"MAKING UP A CTJCKING STOOLE.
" Item, for Worke about the bridge for the cuckyn stoole with ene piece " of tymber ijs. vjd.
" Item, for 2 pullies, xijc?.
" Item for 3 boultes with teies and Cotterills belonginge to them, ij«."
In 1663 there occurs a payment of 12s. to Luke Home for setting up the cuckingstool and there is a charge for setting up the cuckingstool in the accounts for 1673.
At a sessions held 4 Feb. 1745-6, an order was made for payment of £1. 6s. Od. to Aid. Pretlove, for a ducking chair at the Great bridge.
The rev. William Cole, the antiquary, relates that when he was a boy he saw a woman ducked for scolding. The chair hung by a pulley fastened to a beam about the middle of the bridge. On the back of the chair was en- graved the devil laying hold of scolds, &c. Sometime afterwards a new chair
272 S. CLEMENT.
A small public house called the Half Moon, on the Quay side, would appear to have been once a tavern. It has been much noticed on account of a date in arabic numerals on the beam which crosses the entrance to the yard. Some antiquaries read this date as 1332. Others with more probability consider it to be 1552.
There is a tradition, which seems entitled to no great weight, that Oliver Cromwell once resided in an ancient house in White Bull yard.
Many houses and other buildings in this parish have been recently taken down to make room for a new lodge for the master of S. John's college. Some of these buildings near the river, which were of re- mote antiquity, are supposed to have formed part of an estate which belonged to the abbey of Bury S. Edmund's for many centuries and up to the dissolution of that monastery.
•was erected in the place of the old one, having the same devices carved on it, and well painted and ornamented. This was taken down on the re- building of the bridge in 1754.
At the sessions held 18 July, 1765, the court at the request of the grand jury, ordered the ducking chair to be made and set up at the Great bridge. On 16 April, 1766, the court ordered payment of £1. 15*. 6d. to Charles Day, joiner, for making a ducking chair, and £3. 2s. 5d. to Samuel Booth, whitesmith, for iron work to the same.
On 24 August, 1663, the corporation ordered the bench, called "Lyers' Bench," by the Great bridge, to be repaired at the charge of the town.
•*•-•". .7:
S. EDWARD.
THIS church is dedicated to S. Edward the king and martyr, and not, as has been often erroneously stated, to S. Edward the confessor. It was granted to the priory of Barnwell by Hugh de Norwold, bishop of Ely (1229-54). In 1254 it was valued at 3 marks, and in 1291 at £2. 13s. 4e?. and a pension of the prior of Barnwell 13s. 4c?. per annum. In a return made to • Fordham, bishop of Ely, in 1402, the annual value is given at 10 marks.
On 21 Feb. 1445-6, the prior and convent of Barnwell granted the advowsons of the churches of S. Edward and S. John to king Henry VI.,(a) who
(a) In 1291 this church was valued at £2. 13s. 4d., and a pension of the prior of Barnwell at 20s. per annum. Having been conveyed by the prior and convent of Barnwell to Henry VI., that monarch granted it to King's college. It was taken down and its site covered by the college buildings.
VOL. HI. T
274 S. EDWARD.
on 21 March following, granted the advowson of S. Edward to the master and fellows of Trinity hall. On 10 Nov. 1446, S. John's was united to this church, which was appropriated to Trinity hall: the vicarage to be suppressed on the next avoidance, the church being thenceforward served by a stipen- diary curate, appointed by the master and fellows, who were bound to pay annually to the bishop a pension of 20d. and to the archdeacon of Ely 4s. 8d. for procurations and other dues. It was also stipu- lated that the parishioners should pay yearly 2Qd. for Peter pence, and 11s. for Ely silver. (a) Notwith- standing the union of the two churches the parish of S. John was deemed to be legally subsisting for temporal purposes until 29 Sept. 1856, when under the Cambridge Award Act it was for all purposes united to S. Edward's.
Before the reformation we find mention in this church of the chapels of S. John the evangelist, and S. Mary the virgin ; and the altars, images, and lights of S. Nicholas, S. James, S. Mary, S. John the baptist, S. John the evangelist, and S. Edward. Here were also kept the gilds of S. Edward the king, and S. Thomas the martyr.
This church will be for ever memorable, as that in which the doctrines of the reformation were preached by Thomas Bilney,(6) Dr. Robert
(a) The grants to and from Henry VI., the instrument of union and appropriation and other documents connected with the matter are given in MS. Baker, xxvii. 317-326; xxviii. 60-64.
At the time of the union Nicholas Cloos (afterwards bishop of Lichfield and Coventry) was vicar of S. John's and Roger Drawbridge of S. Edward's.
(6) Bilney preached very frequently in this church, in and after 1525,
S. EDWARD. 275
Barnes(a), and Hugh Latimer,(6) all of whom suffered martyrdom. It will be seen also that in this church are buried two of the translators of the authorised version of the Holy Scriptures.
The tower is early english. The western door and the window over it are good modern insertions in the ancient style.
although it does not appear that he had the cure. He was burnt at Norwich, 19 Aug. 1531.
(a) Dr. Barnes, who was prior of the Augustinians, preaching in this church on Christmas eve, 1525, from the epistle of the day, Gaudete in Domino (Phil. iv. 4) declaimed against the superstitious observance of holidays; the pride pomp and avarice of the prelates and clergy; the rigour and abuses of the ecclesiastical courts; the corruptions and errors of the church ; and the persecution of the advocates of religious truth. For this sermon he was accused of heresy before Dr. Natares, the vice-chancellor, and afterwards convened before cardinal Wolsey and other prelates in Lon- don. He was obliged to recant. After being in prison nearly three years he made his escape and went to Germany. He subsequently returned to England and was ultimately attainted of heresy by parliament, and burnt in Smithfield, 30 July, 1540.
(6) In Advent, 1529, Latimer preached in this church quaintly con- forming his discourse to the playing at cards, making the heart triumph, and exhorting his hearers to serve God in sincerity and truth, and in works of mercy, rather than in offerings in the church, setting up candles, gilding, painting, and building of churches, giving of ornaments, and going on pilgrimages. He was answered by Dr. Buckenham, prior of the Black friars, who preached here in the beginning of January following, and whose sermon, in imitation of Latimer's, contained repeated allusions to dice. On the following Sunday, Latimer replied to Buckenham with great severity, but the Romanists prevailed on Dr. John Venetus, a learned foreigner, to undertake the defence of the tenets of their Church against Latimer. Dr. "West, bishop of Ely, also preached against Latimer at Barnwell priory, and many others attacked him, especially certain bachelors of divinity of S. John's college. The court took up the matter, and although the king seems rather to have countenanced Latimer, as being friendly to the then pending divorce, yet it seems to have been considered necessary to put an end to all further controversy, and a letter was sent by Fox, the king's almoner, to Dr. Buckmaster, the vicechancellor, to reduce the disputants to concordance or to forbid them to preach until the king's pleasure were known. Latimer, after being for a short period bishop of Worcester, was burnt at Oxford, 16 Oct. 1555.
T2
276 S. EDWARD.
The rest of the church is late decorated with perpendicular additions and alterations.
The nave has four pier-arches on either side, the piers being unusually lofty, and the arches acute.
The chancel aisles are much wider than those of the nave. It is believed that they were used for divine service by the societies of Trinity hall and Clare hall, before chapels were erected in those colleges, Trinity hall taking the northern aisle and Clare hall the southern. The northern aisle is separated from the chancel by a good perpendicular arch.
The eastern window is of five lights, with a circular head, and over the altar are five enriched canopies.
The font which is exceedingly handsome, was presented by the Cambridge Camden Society in 1842, together with a richly carved canopy cover of oak. This font was closely copied from the older one, which had become much decayed. The cover which is on the model of that at Littlebury, and is sur- mounted by the figure of S. John the baptist, was executed by J. Groom. The rev. Charles Upham Barry, then incumbent, gave a special donation of £21 to the funds of the Camden society towards the expences of this font and cover.
An inscription on the south side of the altar, records that the east end of the chancel was restored in 1859, by members of the university, in memory of the ten years incumbency of the very rev. Harvey Goodwin, D.D., dean of Ely.
The church was at the same period re-pewed in
f }MT AMD C
• -.* i CRuKCH.
276 *. i
The rea*. df the church is late d p< qx txUruinr additions and alterations.
:.» save has four pier-arches on either ?.;. ih« piers being unusually lofty, and the arches acute.
The chancel aisles are much wider than tl- .of the nave. It is believed that they were used for divine service by the societies of Trinity hall and Clare hall, before chapels rected in those
colleges, Trinity hall taking the north*:-'- and
Clare hall the southern. The separated from the chancel by a goo arch.
The eastern window is of five lights, with a circular head, and over the altar are five enriched canopies.
The font which is exceedingly handsome, n- presented by the Cambridge Camden Society in i together with a richly carved This font was ck •which had bee* ;
,v »,}
rt; n ^]>ecial donation of f<s* of thfe Otunden society towards this font and cover, on on the south side of the altar,
oast end of the chancel was restored >mWrs of the in memory
hwnmbeiicy of the very rev. Harvey
of Elv.
ti
at the same period rc-pcwed in
FONT AND COVER
S EDWARDS CHURCH. CAMBRIDGE
S. EDWARD. 277
excellent style. The pulpit and reading desk are modern but most appropriate.
MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS :
In the church and chancel.
Will. Beck of Middle Temple, London, esq. 1 Dec. 1614, set. 51 [with effigy in gown].
*Tho. Buck, esq. bedel, 4 Mar. 1669-70.
Theoph. Dillingham, son of Tho. b. at Over Deane, Bedfordsh. archdeacon of Bedford and master of Clare hall, d. at Cambridge, 22 Nov. 1678, aet. 76; Tho. Dillingham, M.A. eldest son of the said Theoph. and Elizab. his wife, fellow of Clare hall, b. at Great Hadham, Hertfordsh. d. 19 Dec. 1722, aet. 60.
*Cha. Buxton, B.A. fell. Clare hall, 3 son of Rob. Buxton of Tibenham, Norf. 20 Nov. 1682, aet. 22. -
Owen Mayfield, aid. and sometime mayor, a constant assertor of loyalty and a true son of the church of England as by law established, 27 Jan. 1685-6, set. 59 ; Sarah his wife, 23 Aug. 1684, aat. 47.
Geo. Griffith, M.A. 34 years head master of the school in Cambridge, founded by Dr. Perse, 6 Jan. 1686-7, aet. 64.
Judith wife of Tho. Crask, M.D. of S. Joh. coll. 4 Dec. 1704 ; Anna Maria, wife of Dr. Tho. Crask of Cambridge, daughter of Mr. Joh. Wright of London, 31 (sic) Nov. 1706 ; Tho. their son, 28 June, 1707, ag. 16 months.
Sam. Blithe, D.D. b. at Doncaster, master of Clare hall, and a great benefactor thereto, 19 Apr. 1713, aet. 79.
*Hugh Martin, esq. bedel, 6 Aug. 1716, aet. 68.
*Rob. Mapletoft, LL.D. fell. Trin hall, 3 Dec. 1716, 35t. 32.
Sam. Newton,^ aid. 21 Sept. 1718, ag. 89 ; Sarah his wife, 5 Nov. 1716, ag. 85 ; Joh. their son, 18 Dec. 1719, ag. 60.
* Those thus marked are not now visible.
(a) Samuel Newton, who was a notary public, and held the office of registrar to Trinity college, served the office of mayor for the year com- mencing Michaelmas, 1671, and during his mayoralty Charles II. visited Cambridge. His curious and interesting diary (1660-1717) is preserved in Downing college library, and in the Harleian library are two volumes of his
078 S. EDWARD.
Will. Scarfe, aid. 6 May, 1724; Tho. his son, 10 Nov. 1719, ag. 10 weeks.
*Joh. Brookbank, LL.D. fell. Trin. hall, official of archd. of Ely and chancellor of diocese of Durham, b. at Liverpool, d. at Cambridge, 1724, at. 73.
Frances rel. of Edm. Halfhyde, apothecary, 13 Jan. 1727, set. 64 j their eld. son Edm. rector of Girton in this county, 12 Jan. 1739, aet. 56 ; their dau. Elizab. 26 April, 1743, aet 45 ; their youngest son Tho. apothecary, 23 Feb. 1745-6, aet. 46.
Jane daught. of Joh. Kitchingman, M.A. of a Yorkshire family and wife of Sam. Kerrich, M.A. of Dersingham, Norf. 22 Aug. 1731, aet. 38.
Elizab. Hatton, wid. of Coniere Hatton of Harborough, Leicestersh. esq. and dau. of Tho. Buck of this par. esq. 9 Feb. 1731-2, ag. 52 ; her son Bic. Hatton of Trin. hall, esq. 19 Aug. 1735, ag. 24.
Cha. Morgan, D.D. master of Clare hall, 30 April, 1736, aet. 59. ^
Tho. Fagg, stud. Clare hall, 7 Mar. 1753 ; placed by his brother sir Will. Fagg, bart. of Mysole in par. of Chartham, Kent.
Joh. Mortlock, 26 April, 1754, ag. 80.
Joh. Wilcox, D.D. master of Clare hall, 16 Sept 1762, aet. 70.
Tho. Lombe, solicitor, b. at Norwich, 7 Jan. 1719, d. at Camb. 3 Oct. 1800 ; Anne his wife, 8 Sept. 1783, ag. 73 ; Mar- garet their dau. 1765, ag. 5 ; Margaret his sister, 1759, ag. 38.
Edw. Lunn, 28 Aug. 1813, ag. 75 ; Anne 2 wife, 16 Jul. 1809, ag. 76 ; Susanna Turner her sister, 9 Mar. 1818, ag. 67.
Joh. Mortlock, esq. many years chief magistrate of the town, and in 1784 elected one of its representatives in parliament, 7 May, 1816, ag. 61 ; Elizab. Mary his wid. 5 Apr. 1817, ag. 60; Will. Mortlock, their youngest son [sometime aid.] 22 June, 1847, ag. 57, a person of sincere piety and rare benevolence and singleness of heart, who in the course of a life spent in doing good, rebuilt Knight's almshouses at his sole expence, and effected a large
manuscript collections. By his will, dated 24 NOT. 1718, he gave to the corporation four booths in Sturbridge fair, and in consequence a sermon in his commemoration was for many years preached in this church before the mayor and corporation on the Sunday before 22 Sept. after which money was distributed to the poor of this and the other parishes.
S. EDWARD. 279
addition to the endowment of the hospital of S. Anthony and S. Eligius.
Harriet Dennet, wife of Hen. Marshall, 4 Feb. 1844, ag. 45.
In the old churchyard.
Rob. Watts, 31 Jan. 1752, [1751-2J, ag. 56>)
King Whittred, aid. 12 June, 1778, ag. 83 ; Elizab. his wife...
Joh. Nicholson [bookseller] 8 Aug. 1796, ag. 66; Anne his wife, 7 Feb. 1814, ag. 84>)
Will Gilpin, stud, of Trin. coll. son of Will, and Elizab. of b. at Cheam, Surrey, 28 Aug. 1789, d. 24 Feb. 1811.
Ja. Donn, curator of the Botanic garden [author of Hortus Cantabrigiensis] 14 June, 1813, aet. 56; Ann his wife, 29 Aug. 1806, ag. 52.
Eob. Gee, solicitor, 18 June, 1817, ag. 67 ; Elizab. his wife, 1 April, 1809, ag. 63.
Joh. Nicholson [bookseller and dramatist] 3 Dec. 1822, ag. 41. ^
Rob. Gee [solicitor] 7 Dec. 1833, ag. 67 ; Mary his wife, 19 Apr. 1837, ag. 63; their dau. Sarah, wife of Walt. Gee, rect. of Week S. Mary, Cornwall, 10 Jan. 1846, ag. 54.
(a) Robert "Watts, who dwelt and had a book shop on the western side of Trumpington street in this parish, was the first person who established a circu- lating library in Cambridge. It was opened about 1745, and comprised a large stock of standard mathematical and classical books. He dealt also in maps and prints, and acquired the name of Maps. His stock in trade he bequeathed to his only daughter Anne, who on 28 March, 1752, married John Nicholson of Mountsorrel, Leicestershire, who carried on the business on the same premises with great success till his death in 1 796. He was also well known by the name of Maps ; and his portrait, by Reinagle (which has been en- graved) is in the university library. He was succeeded by his son John who, in 1807, removed the business to a newly erected house at the corner of Trinity street and S. Mary's street. Having accumulated a fortune be went to reside at Stoke Newington and gave up the business to his son John (the author of two or more published dramas). Shortly after the death of the latter, which occurred in 1822, the business was disposed of to Mr. Thomas Stevenson, alderman, and sometime mayor, a person of much literary ability. He discontinued the circulating library. On his death, in 1845, the business was sold to Messrs. A. & D. Macmillan, the survivor of whom is an extensive publisher here and at London and Oxford, under the designation of Macmillan & Co. The second John Nicholson died at Stoke Newington, 25 April, 1825, ag. 70.
280 g. EDWARD.
Kob. Nicholson, lleut. R.N. 19 Jan. 1836, ag. 44.
Joseph Fetch, solicitor [only son of Joseph and Elizab. of Wisbeach] b. March, 1779, d. Feb. 1839 of an inflammation on the lungs, occasioned by a cold caught at the union workhouse while attending his professional duties ; Mary his wife, 6 May, 1838, ag. 58.
In the new churchyard.
Hen. Sheen of Clare hall (2 son of rev. Sam. rector of Stan- stead, SuiF. and Louisa his wife) b. 4 Feb. 1829, d. 22 May, 1851.
Isaiah Deck [F.G.S.] 5 Nov. 1853, ag. 61 ; Susan his wife, 4 June, 1863, ag. 70.
Geo. Crawfurd Heath,M.A. fell. King's coll. 18 Jul. 1860, aet.77.
Will. Edw. Ridler, M.A. fell. King's coll. b. 20 Sept. 1831, d. 15 Aug. 1860.
Rev. Geo. Barber, M.A. 12 May, 1861, ag. 54.
The following interments here appear in the parish registers :
Edw. Lively, Regius professor of hebrew, one of the trans- lators of the Bible, 7 May, 1605.
Phil. Stringer, M.A. sometime fell, of S. Joh. coll. afterwards esq. bedel, 27 Oct. 1605.
Ric. Thompson, fell, of Clare hall and rector of Snailwell, one of the translators of the Bible, 8 Jan. 1612-13.
North Harrison, town clerk, 9 June, 1635.
Martin Perse, esq. mayor, 30 Apr. 1636.
Joh. Boord, LL.D. Regius professor of civil law, 23 Nov. 1684.
Ja. Ayloffe, fell. Trin. hall, 5 May, 1703.
Will. Tindale, LL.D. fell. Trin. hall, and minister of this parish, 10 May, 1712.
Whadcock Priest, D.D. of Clare hall, 8 Jan. 1715-16.
Nathaniel Vincent, D.D. sen. fell, of Clare hall, 30 Mar. 1722.
Edw. Clarke, M.A. sen. fell, of Clare hall and esq. bedel, 17 Jan. 1726-7.
Joh. Gibson, M.A. fell, of Clare hall and eld. son of the bishop of London, 5 May, 1731.
Rowl. Simpson, B.D. rec. of Gaywood, Norf. and sometime fell. S. Joh. coll. 11 March, 1736-7.
S. EDWARD. 281
Tho. Buck, esq. 9 Sept. 1746.
Hen. Maiden, clerk of King's coll. chapel, and reputed author of an account of that structure, 27 Aug. 1769.
The proceedings of William Dowsing in this church on 1 Jan. 1643-4 are thus recorded by him :
We diged up the steps & brake down 40 Pictures & tooke of 10 Superstitious Scriptures.
The inquisition of 23 Oct. 1650, taken before the commissioners for providing maintenance for preaching ministers, contains the following passages :
The Parishe of Saint Edward is neither Viccaridge nor Parsonage.
That the Masters and Fellowes of Trinitie Hall in Cam- bridge receave eight pounds per Annum for rent of a house Aunchientlie called the Viccaridge Howse, and have usuallie provided a Minister till of late Yeares, and doe repaire the Chancell at their own Charge and clayme the duties for buryeinge in the Chancell. That there is no present Minister to supplie the Cure nor any maintenance.
The commissioners recommended that S. Benedict's should be united to S. Edward's, the latter being the fitter church.
The principal benefactions have been: Thomas Ellys, pikemonger (1593) 6s. 8d. a year. William Harbert (1612) £60, to be invested for the pur- chase of fuel annually for the poor. Edward Freeman (1778) the interest of £150. Elizabeth Goodall (1809) the dividends on £425 consols, for apprenticing children of this and other parishes. Edward Lunn (1813) the interest of £100. William Mortlock, alderman (1821) an altar piece, painted by R. B. Harraden, representing Christ and the two
282 S. EDWARD.
disciples at Emmaus.(fl) Gilbert Ives (1826) the interest of £200. There were formerly almshouses belonging to this parish, (J) the poor of which are entitled to a preference in the election of inmates of Dr. Perse's almshouses.
In this parish, including what formerly constituted S. John's, were situate the houses of the Augustinian(c)
(a) Now in the vestry.
(6) These almshouses were leased by the corporation as follows, each lease being for 21 years at 20s.
16 Aug. 1645. To Sam. Spalding, aid. and others.
17 Aug. 1668. To Edw. Stoite, M.D. and others. 24 Aug. 1710. To Sam. Newton, aid. and others. 1 Sept. 1719. To Jos. Pyke, aid. and others.
4 March, 1729-30. To Jos. Pyke, aid. Tho. Matthews, and the churchwardens and overseers.
17 June, 1740. To the churchwardens and overseers.
16 March, 1757. To the churchwardens and overseers.
In the first of these leases the almshouses are described as under a long chamber called the treasury, then used as a schoolhouse in the occupation of John Botewright, gent. The treasury is subsequently stated to be used as a corn- chamber.
(c) The friars hermits of the order of S. Augustine, popularly called the Austin friars, settled themselves in S. Edward's, in or shortly before 1290. The site of their house may be thus described: towards the north it abut- ted on the Pease market, towards the south on the street now called Down- ing street, towards the east on the street anciently called Fairyard lane, afterwards Slaughterhouse lane, and now Corn exchange street, and towards the west on the lane once known as Lurteburgh lane, and now as Free- school lane.
Sir Geoffrey Pitchford is said to have been the founder.
In 1290 the friars came to an agreement with the prior and convent of Barnwell, as rectors of S. Edward, and William the vicar, to pay 4s. yearly by way of recompence for the damages arising on account of the houses and soil taken by the friars in which parishioners used to dwell, who paid obla- tions and tithes, real and personal, to the church of S. Edward. It was also stipulated that the friars should not admit the parishioners of S. Edward to receive the sacraments of the church, and that all their hired secular servants should receive the sacrament in S. Edward's, and make their oblations and pay their tithes there.
At the dissolution the site was granted to William ELeynsham, from whom it passed to John Hatcher, M.D., Regius professor of physic, who
S. EDWARD. 283
and Carmelite friars, (fl) and several minor academical
died there in March, 1586-7. By his will, in default of issue male of his grandsons and nephews, he devised the same to the university to be em- ployed as a house for students to be called Hatcher's hall. A portion of the estate subsequently became the property of Stephen Perse, M.D., the free school and almshouses founded by him being erected thereon. Another portion of the site, long used as the Botanic garden, is now in part occupied by the newly erected lecture rooms of the university.
As late as 1789 part of the refectory was standing, being then used as the lecture room of the professors of botany.
The names of the following priors have been preserved : John occurs 1290; Thomas Cressale, D.D., occurs 1418: Thomas Swillington, D.D., occurs 1520, he was suffragan to the bishop of Lincoln; John Stokys, D.D., who occurs 1521, was afterwards provincial and prior of the house at Norwich; John Stubbs, D.D., occurs 1522 ; Robert Barnes, D.D., occurs 1524, he was a warm advocate of the reformation, a diplomatist, and a voluminous author, and was burnt in Smithfield 1540; John Hardyman, D.D., occurs 1536, and subsequently signed the surrender to the king.
Amongst other eminent brethren were Roger Twiford, D.D., a celebrated preacher, flourished 1390; William Wells, D.D., provincial and a good writer for his age, died 1421 ; John de Bury, D.D., a great opponent of the Wickliffites, flourished 1460 ; John Tonnys, D.D., author of learned works, died about 1510; Thomas Paynell, diplomatist and classical scholar, flourished 1540 ; and Miles Coverdale, sometime bishop of Exeter, and translator of the Bible, died 1568-9.
(a) The friars of the order of Mount Carmel, commonly called Carmelites or white friars, were originally settled in the parish of Chesterton. In or about 1249 they removed to Newnham, where they built a number of cells with a handsome church, cloister, and all necessary apartments, occupying altogether three acres or more. A portion of that site was given by Michael Malerbe, and the residue they had by the gift of others and by purchase.
In 1290 they petitioned parliament that William de Hamelton might give them a house in the town of Cambridge where they might build their house anew, because at Newnham they suffered many and great inconve- niences on account of inundation of waters, so that the scholars could not have access to them to hear divinity, nor could they get to the town to procure their victuals. On this petition an inquisition was awarded which appears to have been favourable.
The original site of the house in S. John's extended from the street to the river, and from land formerly of John Alured to the lane which led to the river.
The prior and convent of Barnwell as rectors of S. John, and Symon the vicar opposed the Carmelites building in that parish, on the ground that they should lose tithes and oblations which had been payable in respect of the houses which occupied the site. The matter being referred to the arch-
284 S. EDWARD.
establishments, namely old God's house, (a) and the hostels of S. Austin, (6) the Holy Cross, (c) S.
deacon of Ely and his official, it was determined that the Carmelites should pay the prior and convent 14s. a year as recompence for all damages which they and their vicar should sustain. Subsequently John dePorthors, burgess of Cambridge, for easing the Carmelites, settled on the prior and convent the yearly rent of 13s. 4d., and for the remaining 8d. the Carmelites gave the prior and convent full satisfaction. This agreement made in Jan. 1294-5, was confirmed by the bishop of Ely.
In 15 Edw. III., John de Caumpes had the royal licence to give to the friars a messuage with the appurtenances contiguous to their manse.
A portion of the garden appears to have been acquired by King's college before the surrender. The residue of the site and the materials of the house were soon after the surrender granted to Queens' college. (See vol. I. 291, 292).
We subjoin the names of some of the priors: "William occurs 1291; Richard Hely occurs 1446, he wrote De Adventu Carmelitarum in Angliam, and died in London I486; John Hethynghatn, who occurs 1450, and quitted 1456, wrote Sermones Varies; John Barret, D.D., occurs 1533, he was afterwards canon of Norwich, and a learned writer and died 1563; Andrew Barsham, B.D., occurs 1535; William Watson occurs 1535-6 ; George Legate occurs 1536, and resigned 1538; Clement Hubbard, alias Thorp, elected 1538, soon afterwards surrendered the house to Henry VIII.
The following are amongst other eminent members of this house: Humphrey Necton, D.D., the first of the order who graduated at Cambridge, died 1303 ; Richard Belgrave, author of Theological Determinations, &c. flourished 1320; Thomas de Ely, D.D., lecturer at Bruges, died about 1320; Alan de Lynne, D.D., author of Indexes to 33 Authors, flourished 1420; John Thorp, D.D., author of the Labyrinth of Sophisms, &c., died 1440.
(a) See Vol. II. 2-4.
(b) See Vol. 1. 195-197.
It will be seen that two hostels so called were granted to King's college in 1448-9. It is probable that the one which had belonged to Clare hall was first taken for the site of King's, that the scholars of the hostel there- upon removed to the house which belonged to Denny abbey, Agnes Jacob, and John Wering, but that ultimately that hostel also was required for the site of the college.
(c) By a deed dated on the feast of S. Dunstan, 10 Ric. II., the prioress and convent of S. Leonard in Stratford att Bowe, conveyed to Thomas Kelsal and others a curtilage in Scole lane, abutting on the tenement of the hospital of S. John, called the hostel of the Holy Cross, (MS. Baker, XXVI. 95). This hostel which was in the parish of S. John, was granted by the master and brethren of S. John's hospital to Henry VI., for the site of King's college, in exchange for the fish ponds near the hospital. (Baker's
S. EDWARD. 285
Edmund, w S. Edward/6) S. John/" and S. Ni- cholas.1^
The university library, the schools, the new museums and lecture rooms, Clare college, Trinity hall, parts of King's and S. Catharine's colleges, and the Perse school and almshouses, are situate in this parish, as is also a small portion of the Guildhall.
Within this parish also were formerly two famous taverns called the Mitre (e) and the Tuns.(/)
Hist, of S. John's, ed. Mayor 17). See p. 262, n. (c) and correct that note by this.
(a) See Vol. I. 179, 194.
(b) See Vol. I. 180, 195.
(c) SeeVoli. 179.
(d) See Vol. I. 180.
(e) Randolph has witty verses on the fall of the Mitre Tavern, about 1634, and amongst the poems of Christopher Smart is one entitled The Pretty Barkeeper of the Mitre, 1741.
(/) The Tuns tavern which was situate on the Market hill, and partly in Great S. Mary's, ceased to be used as a tavern about 1790, when it was converted into grocery premises, lately occupied by A. G. Brimley, alderman, and the adjacent small public-house still known as the Three Tuns.
On 17th Nov. 1750, forty-six gentlemen educated at Westminster school met at the Tuns according to custom, to celebrate the accession of queen Elizabeth, Thomas Francklin, Regius professor of greek, being in the chair. At 11 o'clock, as the company were about to disperse, one of the proctors entered the room, and a scene of confusion ensued. The proctor cited some of the party before the vicechancellor and heads for insulting and interrupting him in the execution of his duty. They were found guilty and reprimanded, such of them as were in statu pupillari were also fined 6s. 8d. each, and Thomas Ansell, LL.B., fellow of Trinity hall, was suspended from his degree for contemptuous and disobedient behaviour to the vicechancellor during his defence. The case excited great interest at the time, and a pamphlet purporting to contain a narrative of the proceedings had an extraordinary sale.
S. GILES.
WE have already given an account of the estab- lishment within this parish of a house of canons, which was in 1112 removed to Barnwell.(o) On its foundation that house was endowed with the church of S. Giles, which however was soon afterwards either unjustly taken from or lost by the prior and convent of Barnwell, to whom it was restored by William, bishop of Ely, in the time of Robert the fifth prior, when it was assigned for defraying the charge of curing the sick canons and bleeding those who were in health.
In 1254, this church was rated at £3. 6s. 8J., and in 1291 at £6. 13s. 4d. per annum. (6)
The church of All Saints by the Castle, was in
(a) Vide ante p. 219.
(b) It does not appear in the valuation made under the act of 1534.
S. GILES. 287
1254 rated at £3. 6s. 8d., and in 1291 at £4. 135. 4£ per annum. It belonged to the prior and convent of Barnwell, (a) to whom it was appropriated by Hugh de Balsham, bishop of Ely, on the resignation of Adam de Buden, towards the maintenance of two chaplains, students in divinity in the university, on the foundation of William de Kilkenny, bishop of Ely.(6) Ultimately, but at what precise period or for what cause we are not informed, the churches of All Saints by the Castle and S. Giles were united, and all knowledge of the bounds of the former parish has long been lost.
The rectory of S. Giles and the advowson of the vicarage, which came to the crown on the disso- lution of the priory of Barnwell, were granted by queen Elizabeth, in the 4th year of her reign to Richard Cox, bishop of Ely, and his successors. (c)
In the inquisition taken 23rd Oct. 1650, before commissioners for providing maintenance for preach- ing ministers, it was thus presented :
(a) In or about 1290, the friars of S. Mary settled in Catton rewe in the parish of All Saints by the Castle, and near that church. They agreed to pay yearly to the infirmarer of the priory of Barnwell half a mark in satis- faction of all damages occasioned by their taking property which had there- tofore paid tithes.
These friars first settled in Cambridge in or about 1273, but in what particular part of the town is unknown. In 1278 it was presented that they held one messuage in which they dwelt and where their chapel was erected, which messuage they bought of Henry de Berton, rendering to him 12d. yearly, he acquitting them against the bailiffs of Cambridge of 4d. of hagabul to the king.
The order appears to have been one of the numerous minor orders of friars which were suppressed in 1307.
(b) Baker's Hist, of S. John's, ed. Mayor, 21.
(c) Particulars of the exchange bet\veen queen Elizabeth and bishop Cox will be found in Willis's Cathedrals, ii, 338, 339 ; and Bentham's Ely, 194.
288 S. GILES.
The parish of S. Giles is an impropriate Parsonage worth One hundred and twentye pounds Per annum. John Rouse, Esquire, as Lessee for lives to the late Bishop of Ely, being the Impropriator and possessor thereof. But whether any of the lives are in beinge the Jurors know not, he liveing remote from thence in the County of Suffolk.
That there is a Viccaridge belonginge to the said Parish worth Twelve pounds per Annum.
That there is at present no supplie of the Cure, the same haveinge layd voyd about four Monthes neither have they a preachinge Minister.
The commissioners recommended that S. Peter's should be united to S. Giles's, S. Giles being the larger church and fitter for use.(a)
The governors of queen Anne's bounty, in 1792 granted £200 for the augmentation of the benefice.
Amongst the eminent ministers of this parish we may mention: Samuel Hammond, a noted puritan, afterwards preacher at Newcastle upon Tyne ; John Spencer, D.D., dean of Ely, and master of Corpus Christi college ; Zachary Grey, LL.D., the commen- tator on Hudibras; William Farish, Jacksonian pro- fessor; and Henry Hutchinson Swinny, sometime fellow of Magdalen college, and late principal of Cuddesdon theological institution.
The church is a strange and repulsive medley of ancient and modern work.
The south door has a sharply pointed arch en- riched with cheveron and other mouldings, under a highly pitched pediment, within which is an arch. There is a later stone porch in front of this door.
(a) The two churches have never been united although they have usually, if not invariably, been held by the same person.
S. GILES. 289
The chancel walls and arch belong to the original foundation, the latter having early norman decora- tions which are very curious. Lancet windows are inserted on the south side.
The body of the church is early english without aisles. The west and south walls are original, the former retaining traces of a twin early english window. The north wall was removed by the late professor Farish, and the building extended north- wards to double its original area. A new roof with its ridge lying north and south converts the whole into one large modern room, with the pulpit (having a large and marvellous concave sounding board) at the south end, the font (a plain octagonal one) in front of it, and the organ at the north in a horse- shoe gallery which extends along the east and west sides. The floor below rising gradually northwards completes the arrangement. The old chancel is thus converted into a lateral recess, and is moreover masked by the gallery. (0)
The altar piece represents the offering of the wise men.
(a) The nave of this church is one of those new brick edifices, which is to transmit the taste of this age to future wondering generations. The plan is singular ; the seats rise behind each other as in the pit of a theatre, an arrangement of which, neither the beauty nor utility are evident. It may be very right, and, since it is allowed, no doubt it is, to pull down, or to suffer to fall, those old fashioned things called churches, and build up in their places something like meeting-houses 5 but it is not quite evident what we gain by the exchange, — perhaps no increase of piety, and certainly no improvement in taste. We cannot, at least, say with the Ephraimites of old, in the pride and naughtiness of our hearts, "The bricks are fallen down, but we will build with hewn stone; the sycamores are cut down, but we will change them into cedars." — Notes on the Cambridgeshire Churches [by rev. Geo. Richard Boissier] p. 22.
VOL. III. U
290 S. GILES.
MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS :
In the church and chancel.
Nic. Carr,(a) [M.D. Regius professor of greek, 3 Nov. 1568, set. 45.]; Cath. [his daughter]; Will. James. Only partially legible.
*Anne Waterland, 1717, ag. 63.
*Will. Typpin, Magd. coll. (b. at Weston Colville, Cam- bridgesh.) 9 Dec. 1718, aet. 19.
Elizab. Gifford, sist. of Joseph Ivatt, 19 Dec. 1800, ag. 78.
Joseph Warter, M.A. fell. Magd. coll. and jun. proctor, 7 Nov. 1802, ag. 33.
Jacob Smith, 28 Feb. 1814, ag. 74.
Will. WilkinsW of Newnham in this par. [architect] 22 April, 1815, ag. 64; Hannah^) his wife, 29 June, 1815, ag. 58; Hannah, eld. dau. b. 26 Aug. 1799, d. at Southwell, Nott. 28 Jan. 1852 ; Emm, 2 dau. b. 19 May, 1782, d. 20 Nov. 1841 ; Harriet youngest dau. wife of Rob. Woodhouse, M.A. Plumian professor, b. 11 Jul. 1786, d. 31 March, 1826.
Kath. wife [wid.] of Jacob Smith, 8 Nov. 1833, ag. 85.
In the churchyard.^
Harman James, 8 Feb. 1814, ag. 60.
Ric. Vaughan, b. 10 Nov. 1761, d. 24 Jul. 1816.W
Elizab. Matilda, wife of Tho. Carr of Bombay [afterwards bishop of Bombay], and eld. dau. of Mr. Farish, surgeon of this town, d. at sea on voyage home, 1 Feb. 1 825, ag. 36 ; Hen. Joh. Will. Carr, her youngest child, 21 Dec. 1825, ag. 17 months ; Geo. PaleyReade, grandson of the late Ja. Farish, 1 Sept. 18...
Sarah Apthorp, 16 June, 1833, ag. 74.
(a) Dr. Carr was buried at S. Michael's. [See Athena Cantab, ii. 263.]
* These are now invisible.
(6) Parents of Will. Wilkins, K.A.
(c) A new churchyard for this and the adjoining parish of S. Peter, is about to be formed on Huntingdon road.
(<*) Richard Vaughan, a most noted person in his day, was driver of the Telegraph coach from Cambridge to London. His portrait has been en- graved by Dighton, and he is the subject of the mervailous Historie (by the rev. Hen. Thompson of S. Joh. coll. now vicar of Chard), which may be found in the Sporting Magazine for Jan. 1826, and Cambridge Portfolio, 456.
S. GILES. 291
Will. Hunt, esq. barrister-at-law, sen. fell. King's coll. 6 Jan. 1852, ag. 86.
Cha. Bell, B.A. Cai. coll. b. 2 Dec. 1831, d. 18 Mar. 1856.
Blomefield, who visited this church in August, 1724, states that before the pulpit was a stone with the effigy of a man in armour in the middle of it, and at each corner a brass shield. On two of the shields were : on a fess 3 cocks, and on the other two a tun and the letter B which he conjectured to be a rebus for Tunby. The stone remains, but the brasses have long been gone.
A gild of S. Giles in this church is frequently mentioned in wills made before the reformation.
William Dowsing thus records his proceedings at S. Giles's, 30 Dec., 1643 :
We brake downe 12 Superstitious Pictures & tooke 2 Popish Inscriptions, 4 Cherubims & a holy water Fonte at the Porch Dore.
The principal benefactions have been: Thomas Ellys, pikemonger, (1593) 6s. 8d. .a year; Robert Bridgman, a house in Bell lane (now Northampton street) formerly used as a workhouse ; Harman James (1814) the interest of £80 to Addenbrooke's hospital, for the benefit of this parish ; Jacob Smith, (1814) 205. a year.
By virtue of a private act passed in 1802, the open and common fields, common meadows, and other open and commonable lands and waste grounds within this parish were enclosed, allotments being made in lieu of great and small tithes. (a) Under a
(a) The act contains a proviso preserving the right of Trinity college to an ancient watercourse used for conveying water from certain springs in this parish into the conduit within that college.
u2
292
S. GILES.
clause in the act, a trial took place in the court of Bang's Bench, at Guildhall, London, 20 Jan., 1803, to determine the right of soil in the common and waste lands in the parish. The plaintiffs were the corpora- tion, and the defendants Merton college Oxford, Jesus and S. John's colleges Cambridge, and Sir Charles Cotton of Madingley, bart., but the defence was entirely confined to the claim of Merton college. After a lengthened investigation the jury returned a verdict in favour of the corporation.
THE ROMAN STATION was situate in this parish and the adjoining parishes of S. Peter and Chesterton. (ffl)
MANOR OF MERTON HALL. In this parish, but extending also into the parishes of S. Peter, Grant- chester, and Chesterton, is a small manor belong- ing to the warden and scholars of Merton college, Oxford, and commonly known as the manor of Merton hall.
In March 1269-70, the estate in Cambridge, or the principal park of it, comprising a messuage, sixty acres of land, and 60s. 2d. rent, was conveyed to the scholars of Merton by Richard Dunning and William de Manefeld,(i) at the instance and expence of the founder Walter de Merton, who in his charter of addition and enlargement dated in 1270, grants to his scholars, the lands and rents formerly of Richard
(a) See Babington's Ancient Cambridgeshire. See also a paper by pro- fessor Babington on roman interments by the side of the so-called Via Devana near Cambridge, in Communications to Cambr. Antiq. Soc. II. 289.
(b) The estate descended from father to son as follows: Eustace Dunning, Hervey Dunning, Eustace Dunning, and Richard Dunning.
The second Eustace Dunning conveyed it by way of pledge or mortgage to John de Castle Bernard, from whom it descended to his son William de Castle Bernard, whose heir was William de Manefeld.
S. GILES.
293
PYTHAGORAS 8 SCHOOL.
Dunning and William de Manefeld in Cambridge and the parts adjacent.
The messuage is a stone grange of the end of the twelfth or beginning of the thirteenth century, but so much spoiled by modern alterations that very little of the original character remains. One or two of the windows on the first floor are good specimens of transition norman work. It has had an external staircase, and the ground room has been vaulted, but scarcely a vestige of either is now discernible.
This building from the time of its being acquired by Merton college(a) has been in the hands of the
(a) There must be excepted an interval of about seventeen years, during which the manor belonged to King's college (vide vol. I. 184, 199.) There is no reason however to suppose, that during that brief period the messuage was used otherwise than theretofore.
294 s. GILES.
bailiffs or tenants of the college, in the records of which it is as early as 1355, referred to as their stone house in Cambridge, called Merton hall.
About the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth it acquired the name of the house of Pythagoras, and it was subsequently called the school of Pythagoras. There is a tradition that it was used for academical lectures, but for this there does not appear to be the slightest foundation.(a)
Within this parish are situate the Observatory, Story's almshouses, the cattle market, and portions of Magdalen college, and of the grounds of King's, S. John's, and Trinity colleges. The primitive methodists have a chapel in S. Peter's street in this parish. (J)
(a) Once there prevailed an opinion that this house before it came to Merton college was the infirmary of the hospital of S. John. Originating in a pretentious and somewhat absurd article in Grose's Antiquities, and adopted by Gough in his British Topography, and the additions to Camden's Britannia, it was proved to be entirely erroneous by the rev. Joseph Kilner, sometime fellow of Merton college, in a privately printed work in folio, without date, entitled " The Account of Pythagoras's School in Cambridge ; as in Mr. Grose's Antiquities of England and Wales, and other notices." This work is quite a curiosity : its title gives no real indication of the con- tents ; the author devotes one hundred and fifty-eight pages to what might easily have been got into four ; introduces irrelevant topics ; wanders from point to point in an incomprehensible fashion ; though learned, acute, and undoubtedly in the right, contrives to obscure his meaning in a wilderness of words ; and lastly, gives only brief and unsatisfactory abstracts of the most pertinent documents, whilst others appear in extenso.
His book having no date it may be proper to state that Mr. Kilner died 3 June, 1793, set. 73, and is buried at Cirencester in Gloucestershire.
(6) Re-erected 1863, on the site of a smaller one.
A building on Pound bill, formerly a methodist chapel, is now used as a charity school.
may be considered i a vei
Kripal parish in the
rcli has
and
ings of that
are also instances
place here,
is still
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FONT IN GREAT S. MAKT S.
S. MARY THE GREAT.(a)
THIS may be considered the principal parish in the town. From a very remote period the church has been used by the university for religious services, and for several centuries the principal proceedings of that body took place therein. There are also instances of the meetings of the Corporation taken place here, and here the consistory court of the diocese is still ordinarily held.
(a) Reference may be made to a very interesting paper on this church, by the rev. Edmund Venables, M.A. in the Transactions of the Cambridge Camden Society, 248-291.
298 S. MAKY THE GREAT.
The church was completed, but without the tower, in 1519.
It is said that Henry VIII. by letters patent dated 5 Dec. 1535, incorporated the churchwardens(a) of this parish with power to hold such lands as were not held of the king in chief.
The eminently learned protestant divine Martin Bucer, D.D., was buried in this church in March, 1550-1 with extraordinary solemnity, but in the reign of Mary when the university was visited by the delegates of cardinal Pole, Bucer's body was taken from its grave and burnt in the market place, 6 Feb. 1556-7. This church was put under an interdict but was ultimately reconciled.
In 1607, there is a decree of the heads prohibit- ing the taking of tobacco in this church during the commencement time. This prohibition was by a subsequent decree, extended to the occasion of James the first's visit to the university in March, 1614-15.
The following curious account of disorders in this church is from a paper sent from Cambridge to archbishop Laud in 1636.
St. Mary's Church at every great Commencement is made a Theatre & the Prevaricatours Stage wherein he acts & setts forth his prophane and scurrilous jests besides diverse other abuses & disorders then suffered in that place. All the year after a parte of it is made a Lumber House for ye Materials of
(a) The ancient mode of electing churchwardens and other parish officers on Easter Monday was as follows : Each of the outgoing church- wardens nominated one person. Those two nominees chose six others, and the eight chose two churchwardens, two wardens of the sepulchre and rood lights, and two wardens of the lights of the mass of Jesus. In 11 Hen. VIII. there were also elected in like manner four auditors of the churchwarden's accounts and four keepers of the keys of the chantry hutch (viz. the chantry chaplain, the two churchwardens, and another).
S. MARY THE GREAT. 299
ye Scaffolds, for Bookbinders dry Fats, for Aumeric Cupboards, & such like implements, which they know not readily where else to put. The west windows are half blinded up with a Cobler's and a Bookbinder's Shop. At the East end are Incroachments made by diverse Houses, & the "Vestry is lately unleaded (they say) with purpose to let it mine or to pull it down. The seats (many of them) are lately cooped high up with Wainscot. The service Pulpit is sett in ye midst a good distance below ye Chauncell and looks full to the Bellfrie, so that all Service 2nd Service and all (if any be) is there read & performed that way.
The Service there (which is done by Trin. Coll.) is com- monly posted over and cut short at ye pleasure of him that is sent thither to read it.
When ye Universitie comes in to ye Sermon, the Chancell (the higher part of it) is filled with Boyes & Townsmen, & otherwiles (thereafter as ye Preacher is) with Townswomen too all in a rude heap betwixt the Doctors & the Altar. In the bodie of ye Church, Men Women & Scholers thrust together promiscuously but in ye place only before y6 Pulpit which they call ye Cockpitt & which they leave somewhat free for Masters to sitt in. The rest of the Church is taken up by the Towns- men of ye parish and their families, which is one reason among others that many Schollers pretend for not coming to this Church. Tradesmen & Prentices will be covered when all the Universitie is bare. Upon dayes when the Litany is there solemnly to be sung by ye Universitie we have not above 3 or 4 Masters in their habit that come to assist at that service in y6 Quire, ye rest keep their places, below for the Sermon, To which Sermon every Day we come most of us Drs. & all, without any other habit butt the Hatt & the Gowne.
William Dowsing has not given in detail his proceedings at this church, which he states he visited 27 Dec. 1643, and in January following, but in the churchwardens' accounts occur these charges :
£. 5. d. Item paid this year for defacing & repairing
the windowes 10 11 0
Item paid to the overseer of the windowes . .68
300 S. MARY THE GREAT.
The author of Querela Cantabrigiensis informs us that at this period a beautiful carved structure in S. Mary's, although it had no imagery or statue work about it, was demolished.
An inquisition taken 23 Oct. 1650, before com- missioners for providing maintenance for preaching ministers, contains the following passage relating to this parish:
The Parishe of St. Marie the Greate, is neither Parsonage nor Viccaridge to their knowledges, Trinitie Colledge havinge usuallie provided a Minister till of late and mainteyned theire Chancell at theire owne charge. Alsoe Caius College have certaine lands in Steeple Morden and Gilden Morden which were given towards the maintenance of a preaching Minister in the said parishe, But what the Yearly Vallue is the Parishioners know not
That there is no Minister at present that supplies the Cure.
The benefice has been augmented as follows: In 1775, Trinity college gave £100; the dowager lady Gower £100, and the governors of queen Anne's bounty £200. In 1814 the governors of queen Anne's bounty gave £1000, out of the parliamentary grant. In 1819 the rev. Daniel Cresswell gave £100; the trustees of Mrs. Pyncombe's charity £100, and the governors of queen Anne's bounty £300.
We find mention in this church of chapels of Corpus Christi, of the Mass, and of SS. Laurence and Mary (commonly called S. Laurence), and of gilds of S. Andrew, S. Catharine, SS. Christopher and James, S. Mary, and the Holy Trinity.
We subjoin an account of various benefactions
S. MARY THE GREAT. 301
to the church and poor: Alan de Wellis, burgess, in 1315 bequeathed half a mark to the gild of S. Mary, and a mark to the building of the church. John Cotton and others in 1394 endowed a chap- lain in this church, with five messuages, two gardens, ten acres of land and 66s. 8d. rent in Cambridge and Chesterton. Robert Lyncoln, bur- gess, in 1450 bequeathed £10 for erection of the southern part of the church. John Rygewynn, bur- gess, in 1458 gave a messuage for his anniversary in the chapel of S. Mary and also 20s. towards building the south aisle. Richard Andrewe alias Spycer, in 1459 bequeathed ten marks to S. Mary's chapel, also 26s. 8d. to the gild of S. Andrew the apostle for finding two wax candles before the image of S. Andrew: he moreover gave to the keepers of the chest founded by him in the Guildhall, a house in Great S. Andrew's and three booths in Sturbridge fair to keep his anniversary in this church on the feast of S. Gregory the pope. Agnes Lyncoln by will in 1465 charged a messuage and land at Newnham with the performance of a yearly mass for the souls of herself and her husband Robert Lyncoln. Thomas Rygewynn, draper, in 1466 bequeathed ten marks to the reparations. John Hessewell gave an altar hanging with the martyrdoms of SS. Stephen and Laurence depicted thereon, two copes of blue cham- let, two Lent cloths of chamlet, six altar-cloths, a cloth for the crismatory, a pax silver and gilt enamelled, and a pair of silver cruets, and by will in 1467 bequeathed £5 towards making the south aisle. Thomas Jackenett, burgess, gave a vestment of white
302 S. MARY THE GREAT.
chamlet, another of red satin with a green cross, a suit of vestments of cloth of tissue, an altar -hanging, with a front of blue velvet and flowers of gold, and by his will about 1469 directed an obiit for himself and Agnes his wife to be kept in this church on the feast of S. Thomas the apostle yearly. John Erlych, burgess, in 1475 founded an anniversary for the souls of himself and Alice and Agnes, his wives. John Hessewell, alderman, in 1490 gave pre- mises in Barton, Whitwell, and Coton, to feoffees in trust, and his wife Agnes bequeathed four fish beedys in the market to the corporation, who, in 1511 covenanted to keep in this church for ever, the obiit and anniversary of the said John and Agnes on , S. Leonard's day. Katherine, widow of John Cooke, sometime mayor, in 1496 founded an annual obiit in this church with a distribution to the poor, and in 1504 by her will, made provision for other religious services, and bequeathed £10 for a pall. Joan, wife of Walter Stroppe, by will dated 1502 gave a mes- suage to the chaplain of the chantry of S. Mary and S. Laurence for an annual obiit on 26th August. Godfrey Charles gave a messuage in the Petty Cury, and about 1503 Elizabeth, his widow, gave seven- and-a-half acres of land, and two acres of meadow in Chesterton. Henry Kile, sometime mayor, founded in 1506 an annual obiit on the day of his death. Agnes Asshewell in 1506 gave a suit of vestments of black velvet adorned with white roses, a chalice weighing 16 oz. a silver and gilt Agnus Dei, a pax and two cruets silver and gilt. Hugh Chapman, alderman, in 1520 bequeathed altar-cloths and corporas
S. MARY THE GREAT. 303
cloths, also £4 8s. Od. to the reparations, and Agnes his widow, in 1536 bequeathed an alb, an altar-cloth, and 20s. Robert Coope, about 1521 directed his executors to erect a chapel before S. George, and be- queathed a silver cup for a chalice. Thomas Powell, draper, about the same period, bequeathed £24 to this church. John Whitacres, clerk, in 1538 conveyed to Gonville hall, lands in Gilden Morden and Steeple Morden, the master and fellows covenanting with the churchwardens of this parish, to provide an honest priest of this college to say mass twice a week in this church and also on every Sunday and holy day, help to maintain the service of God, in the church and choir. (a) Nicholas Elton, in 1546 gave a booth in Sturbridge fair for an annual obiit. John Hatcher, M.D., in 1577 gave a clock, which with dials and other furniture cost him £33 6$. 8d. and under his will dated 1584 and a subsequent decree in chancery, forty shillings for repairing the same is paid yearly, out of the site of the late Austin friars. William Foxton, alderman, in 1589 estab- lished a commemorative sermon in this church on the second Sunday in November yearly. John Crane, M.A., apothecary, in 1631 gave a folio common prayer- book and two large silver flagons, and by will in 1652 bequeathed £20 for the use of the senior church- warden for the time being. Julian Home, widow, in 1636 charged certain houses in this parish with ten shillings a year for a sermon on the first Sunday after new year's day, and confirmed a gift of her father,
(a) This is no doubt what is alluded to in the preceding extract from the inquisition of 1650.
304 S. MARY THE GREAT.
Robert Turner, of twenty shillings a year, for a sermon in Lent and a distribution to the poor. John Ranew, alderman, by will dated 1643, gave forty shillings a year, for an annual sermon and distribution to the poor. Thomas King, and Thomas Daye, gave two silver plates in 1680, and the latter by will dated 1681, gave £160 to buy land, part of the rent whereof he directed to be given in coals to the poor. William Worts, esq., by will in 1709, gave £1500 for erecting galleries in this church, for the use of the bachelors of arts and undergraduates, that they might the more decently and conveniently hear the sermon, he also set aside an annual sum for the maintenance and repair of these galleries. Ann Veer, widow, by will in 1734, gave £200 to purchase an estate, the rents to be given yearly to poor housekeepers. Mary Munn, by will dated 1796, gave £30 to be in- vested for an annual distribution to the poor. Joseph Merrill, in 1805 bequeathed £80 to the poor. Elizabeth Goodall, by will dated 1809, gave stock for apprenticing poor children of this and two other parishes. Charles Bottomley, alder- man, by will dated 1822, gave £200 to purchase land, the rents to be distributed yearly to the poor, sick, and aged.
The tower is a plain substantial structure, 131 feet in height. It was commenced in 1528, and had advanced so far in 1536 that the great west window was then glazed. In 1545 some materials for the tower were obtained from the dissolved houses of the Black, White, and Austin friars.
\T.
i' twenty si nd a distribution tf. • i derma? will dated 1643,
an annual sermon , Thomas King, and Th<
in 1680, and the
will --med 1681, gave £160 to buy land,
of tlu t> lit whereof he directed to be Wiven in,
coals to the poor. William will
in ITOfc £1500 for
church. !or the use of the bac! >u4
\
undergraduates, that they might the *
and conveniently hear the sermon, he also >• • \ an. *omiial sum for the maintenance and repair of tht#w galleries. Ann Veer, widow, by wilt in gave £200 to purchase an estate, the rents to &e given yearly to poor housekeepers. Mary Mimu by will dated 17 £30 to
vej»? annual distributi
JOHCJ
p«x>r. gave m&&
.hase the
|^^
'ore, 131 ni 1528, and
li4M «*• that ' the great west
45 some materials
for th« ^vvr^ ,v i. '-om the dissolved
t-i' Austin friars.
S. MARY THE GREAT.
305
It was completed in the period from 1592 to 1608, under the care of John Pooley, apothe- cary, and John Warren. (o) To defray the cost, collections were made at and shortly be- fore that time in the several colleges, throughout the parish, and at the commencements. Amongst the contributors were Mrs. Margaret Purefoy of Lin- colnshire ; Dr. Andrew Perne ;
XUVViSU.
Robert Hare, esq. ; Robert
Devereux, earl of Essex ; Mildred lady Burghley ; and Francis Bacon, solicitor-general (afterwards viscount S. Albans).
The top of the tower has been improved by battlements being placed thereon, instead of open
(a) The memory of this individual is commemorated by the following quaint inscription :—
A speakinge Stone
Reason may chavnce to blame;
But did it knowe Those Ashes here do lie, Which brought the Stones That hid the Steeple's shame.
It would affirme There were no Reason why, Stones should not speake Before theyr Builder die. For here JOHN WARREN Sleeps among the Dead; Who with the Church His own Life finished. Anno Domini 1608, Dec. 17.
It was intended to have placed a stone spire or broche of 80 feet in height on the tower.
VOL. III. T
306 S. MARY THE GREAT.
work of a very incongruous character, and by removing certain small balls with which the turrets were surmounted.
The western door-way, an elegant and tasteful composition, was erected in 1850 from a plan fur- nished by Greorge Gilbert Scott, esq.(0)
The piers and arches of the nave have very excellent mouldings, the spandrels being filled with enriched tracery. The clerestory has a remarkably fine effect and the oak roof is well designed and executed.
Over the aisles are capacious galleries for under- graduates and bachelors of arts. They were erected in 1739 from the benefaction of Mr. Worts. (6) Above the entrance to the chancel was another gallery for the heads of houses, doctors, professors and noble- men.^5 It was commonly called the throne, and was first opened in December, 1754, having been designed by James Burrough, M.A., master of Caius college. (d] Another gallery for the undergraduates (e}
(a) The former portal in the Italian style was erected in 1576, when sir Walter Mildmay contributed twenty tons of freestone.
(6) The old stalls in the choir and the screen separating the chancel from the nave were taken down at this period.
(c) A doctor's gallery had been set up in 1610 but it was taken down in 1616.
(d) At the same time the floor of the nave was boarded and fitted up with open benches for the Masters of Arts. This part of the church was commonly called the pit.
(e) A faculty for erecting the undergraduates' galleries was granted in 1735. A faculty was obtained 24 July, 17^8, for repairing the pit and appropriating it to the university. On 20 July, 1819, another faculty was applied for, but by an oversight was not taken out. A faculty was obtained 15 March, 1842, for confirming certain alterations and additions. The application for this faculty occasioned protracted and costly litigation (see Hallack, v. University of Cambridge, Adolphus and Ellis's Reports, 2 ser. i. 593). The faculty for the recent restorations was granted 31 May, 1862.
S. MARY THE GREAT.
307
CHURCH CHEST.
and bachelors of arts, was built by the university at the western end of the church in 1819, from a design by William Wilkins, esq. at a cost of about £2000. This gallery, the enclosed seats under it, and the throne were happily removed in 1863.
The roodloft which was richly carved and gilt, was erected in 1522 by John Nunn of Drinkston, and Roger Bell of Ashfield in Suffolk, carvers.(a) It was removed in 1561 at the instance of archbishop Parker.
The elegant stalls in the chancel and the open seats in the nave and aisles are entitled to special com- mendation. They have been recently executed by Messrs. Rattee and Kett of this town from the designs of Mr. Scott. w
(a) It appears from the contract dated 30 June, 12 Hen. VIII. to have been to a great extent formed after the model of one at Gazeley in Suffolk.
(6) The total cost of the recent alterations, including •wanning ap- paratus and gas fittings, was nearly £3400, the whole amount being
X2
308 S. MARY THE GREAT.
It is intended shortly to erect a reredos from Mr. Scott's design. The rev. professor Lightfoot has generously promised to defray the cost, which will be considerable.
We understand it is in contemplation to have a pulpit(a) in harmony with the other fittings.
The organ constructed by the famous Bernard Schmidt (commonly called Father Smith) was set up in 1697.
All or most of the windows were originally filled with stained glass executed by James Nicholson, one of the glaziers employed at King's college chapel. The stained glass was taken out in or soon after 1566. The aisle windows were altered in 1766, when unfortunately rich perpendicular tracery was replaced by inferior work.
The ark or church chest of which we give an engraving is very fine. It is not improbable that the destroyed woodwork in this church was of similar excellence.
The font which bears the date of 1632, may be considered a good and curious specimen of that period.
raised by subscription -without assistance from the corporate funds of the university.
(a) A pulpit erected in 1618 is said to have been the gift of William Atkin, alderman of Lynn, who paid 100 marks for it. His name was, in 1639, inserted in the roll of the benefactors of the university, but it turned out that the money paid by him was a commutation for a mulct for an ecclesiastical offence, and therefore, by a grace passed in 1671, his name was expunged. This pulpit, which is probably now in the church of Overton Waterville in Huntingdonshire (see F. A. Paley's Notes on Churches near Peterborough, 59, 60), was superseded in 1739 by one con- structed by Mr. James Essex.
S. MARY THE GREAT. 309
MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS :(a)
In ike church and chancel.
*Rog. Kelke,W D.D. master of Magd. coll. [6 Jan. 1575-6].
Job. Warren/") 17 Dec. 1608.
Tho. Lorkin,(d) M.D. Regius professor of Physic (b. at Frinsbmy, Kent), 1 May, 1591, ag. 63 [brass],
*Kath. Smythe, wid. of Cha. Smythe, sometime one of the robes to qu. Eliz., and mother of Will. Smythe, provost of King's coll. 23 Feb. 1612 [brass].
Mic. Woolf,(e) 5 March, 1614, " vir bonus et probus hospes," placed by Bartholomew Woolf [brass].
*Joh. Rudston, esq., 16 Jul., 1616, "unicus Patris sui Filius, inopinato confossus ab homine quodam nefario, Gualtero Priest (quern prius periculum] vitae subiturus, in Chirurgi locum sibi conduxerat)."
Will. Butler, sometime fell, of Clare hall, 29 Jan. 1617, set 83, " Medicorum omnium quos prasens aetas vidit facile Princeps."
Eliz. wife of Joh. Wickstede/-^ gent., and dau. of Tho. Pitchard, esq., 7 cal. Jan. 1616.
(a) Those marked * no longer remain.
We are grieved to find the recent alterations in the interior of this church by no means satisfactory as regards the memorials of the dead. The bust of the illustrious physician William Butler remains, but the decorated arch within which it was placed has been removed, and the figures of Labour and Rest which were placed on either side are also gone. The monument of John Crane a munificent benefactor to the university and town, has been placed so high that the inscription cannot be read •without extreme difficulty. Many of the flat stones have been wholly, or to a great extent, covered by seats.
(b) See Aihen. Cantabr. i. 343.
(c) See p. 305.
(d) See Athen. Cantabr. ii. 102.
(e) He was landlord of the Rose tavern, and on the brass a rose is engraved.
(/) Joh. Wickstede an alderman, who served the office of mayor in 1613, was an attorney and made valuable collections relative to the town, which are deposited in Downing college library. He eventually became principal of Bernard's inn, London, and was buried at Landbeach, 5 Jan. 1646-7, aged 83.
310 8. MARY THE GREAT.
Ann, wife of Job. Scott,(«) notary public, 10 Nov. 1617 [brass].
Job. Crane/6) esq., 26 May, 1652, aet 81, " Medicus et Phar- macopeus praestantissimus, uptote magni illius Butleri, sui seculi olim .ZEsculapii, sequax et jEmulus, nee non ejusdeni in sua Arte haeres atque Successor."
Tbo. Daye/c) gent, 17 May, 1681, aet. 70 ; bis wives Susanna and Ann.
Tbo. Nicholson, gent., sometime aid., 1682, aet. 47.
*Fran. youngest son of Rob. Scawen of Molinick in Cornwall, gent., 14 March, 1699.
Isaac Watlington, esq., twice mayor and sometime M.P., 24 Oct. 1700, jet. 60.
Gerard Herring, ^ woollen draper, 20 July, 1703, ag. 57 ; Mary, his wife, 7 Apr. 1715, ag. 63 ; Will, his brother, 17 Sept. 1722, ag. 70.
Eliz. Story, 18 Jan, 1727 ; her husband Edw. Story ;W their son Edw, Story, M.B. fell, of Magd. coll.
Will. Finch, 1731, ag. 64.
Will. Finch, esq., merchant, 28 Jan. 1762.
Job. Mortlock, 25 April, 1777, aet. 67 ; Sarah, his wife, 25 Sept. 1800, ag. 71.
Dorothy, relict of Job. Ward, esq., dau, of Russell Plumptre, M.D., 24 March, 1793, aet. 53.
Russell Plumptre, M.D. Regius professor of physic, 15 Oct. 1793, ag. 84 ; Frances, bis wife, 7 Jan. 1786, aet. 76.
David Fordham,^ 5 Dec ag. 57.
Peete Musgrave,^) 4 Apr. 1817, aet. 61.
(a) John Scott who was a good herald, and was deputy or marshal for the county of Cambridge under the great Camden, compiled accounts of the university and of the several colleges. See Cambridge Portfolio, 161, 162, 236.
(6) See pp. 183, 303.
(c) See pp. 167, 304.
(d) He was, we believe, grandfather of Tho. Herring, archbishop of Canterbury.
(e) See p. 175.
(/) A noted horse letter, who had stables near Petty Cury. His portrait has been engraved.
(g) Mr. Musgrave, who was an opulent woollen-draper, took a prominent
S. MAEY THE GREAT. '311
Cha. Bottomley,W [aid.] 1 May, 1823, ag. 66.
Eliz. dau. of Job. and Sarah Mortlock, d. at Woodbridge, 27 May, 1831, ag. 70; Ann, her sister, d. at Woodbridge, 10 Jan. 1838, ag. 79.
Kev. Hen. Claydon, M.A. 2 son of Cha. and Ann Claydon, 13 March, 1848, ag. 31.
0
In the old churchyard.
Moses Home, 18 June, 1656.
*Tho. Fowle, sen. [aid.] 1709.
*Will. Dickenson, bookseller, 26 June, 1718, ag. 49.
Tho. Markby, 20 Aug. 1790, ag. 63; Sarah, his wife, 14 Apr. 1787.
Morris Barford, leader of the band of the Cambridge Loyal Volunteers, 29 Aug. 1798, aet. 37.
Sennett Willimott [solicitor], 17 Jan. 1800, ag. 39 ; Ann, his wife, 17 Oct. 1827, ag. 56 ; Elizabeth, their dau. 17 Nov. 1819, ag. 21 ; Mary Ann, their dau. an infant.
Joh. Merrill, aid. 17 Oct. 1801, ag. 70 ; Joseph Merrill/6) his brother, 13 Oct. 1805, ag. 70 ; Mary, dau. of Joh. and Ann Merrill, 20 Aug. 1791, aet. 18.
Joh. Cooper, solicitor, 28 May, 1814, ag. 56.
Elizabeth Goodall/c) dau. of Tho. and Mary Goodall, and niece to Dr. Goodall, preb. of Norwich, 29 July, 1814, set. 84.
Sarah, wid. of rev. Tho. Bowman, rector of Martham, Norfolk, and sister of Eliz. Goodall, 8 May, 1816, aet. 87.
Hen., son of rev. Joh. Clarke of Stavely, Derbysh. 20 Nov. 1829, ag. 25.
part in politics at the close of the last century. He was father of Tho. Musgrave, archbishop of York, and Cha. Musgrave, D.D. archdeacon of Craven. These brethren, born in this parish, were fellows of Trinity college, and went out D.D. in the same year (1837), when they preached the commencement sermons. It is not probable that both these sermons ever were before or ever will be again preached by natives of the parish in which the university church is situate.
(a) See p. 304.
(6) See pp. 151, 163, 170, 183, 304. Joh. and Joseph Merrill were eminent booksellers.
(c) See pp. 185, 304.
312 S. MAEY THE GREAT.
Joseph Stuart, many years commoncouncllman, 3 Nov. 1831, ag. 72.
Fred. Markby, [aid.] formerly of Hauxton, b. 10 Jan. 1777, d. 17 Nov., 1836.
Tho. Markby, esq., LL.B. Trin. hall, b. 13 Aug. 1768, d. 28 June, 1838.
Sam. Peed [solicitor], 29 Aug. 1838, ag. 53 ; .Ann, his wid. 8 March, 1860, ag. 66 ; Ann Maria, their dau., 1837, ag. 17.
Steph. Thrower [aid.] 14 June, 1843, set. 68.
Tho. Hallack,<°) 21 Feb. 1845, ag. 52 ; Ann, his wife, 26 Dec. 1835, ag. 42.
Tho. Stevenson/*) b, at Kainton co. York, 1 June, 1783, d. 21 Aug. 1845 ; Miriam, eld. dau. of Tho. Stevenson and Eliz. his wife, b. 6 Nov. 1809, d. 8 April, 1834.
In the new churchyard,
Dan. Macmillan/") 25 Jan. 1857, ag. 43. Cha. Orridge [j. P.] 2 Jan. 1858, ag. 73.
The following burials appear in the registers :(rf)
Sir Dodd, B.A. Trin. coll. 9 Jan. 1584. Mr. Thomas Thomas/") 9 Aug. 1588.
Mr. Rowlye,(/) preacher of the word of God at Chelmsford, Essex, 9 Apr. 1604.
(a) Mr. Hallack who took an active interest in town affairs, published several pamphlets of a local and political character.
(6) See p. 279. Mr. Stevenson wrote a good account of Fountain's abbey, but modestly suppressed his name.
(c) See p. 279.
(d) The registers of this parish begin 1559. The earliest book is in excellent condition, but on its being re-bound the edges were unfortunately cut so deeply as to mutilate some of the entries.
It is very remarkable that only one marriage is registered from 1642 to 1648.
(e) Tho. Thomas, M.A., who had been a fellow of King's coll. was printer to the university and author of a latin dictionary. See Athen. Cantab., ii. 29, 543.
(/) Ralph Rowlye, rector of Chelmsford. It does not appear when he became rector. He held the rectory of Alphamstone, Essex, 1593-7.
MABY THE GREAT.
A\ >untess of Pembroke,
06. A : • ierset} drowned when the king
!)9.
door are the
cary and :y and i door was i>
which was a c >£C<
when this porch was taken down,
church- was -f-
ot A.
1m
19 Jan. 1600-1, of sir Edw. of
--;. of £44. 14 1. There of eight. The total .'Ibs. In 1723 a j»al following year
itftbltabed. It still subsists. Dr. Qualm f»mm became a member i' -bwd
B 1731 ; and Samuel Roe, afterwards ficar of btotfold, in 1733, A aociety of a similar character, consi^ing chiefly
*TM t* ooc urn1? • PMJ <H
of tea belb «•> «et up.
i»wbnd|r* Yewth. w Ma* ruwardiwi
t, the edtebtftted cri
S. MAEY THE GREAT. 313
Anne lady Herbert/") dau. of the countess of Pembroke, 11 Jan. 1606.
A footman of the earl of Somerset, drowned when the king was at Cambridge, 1614.
Yelverton Payton,W 22 Apr. 1651.
Constantius Rodocanates (in the church), 1659.
Over the interior of the south door are the arms of Robert Hare, esq., an eminent antiquary and a benefactor to the university and this church.
Before the south door was a low wide porch, over which was a canopied niche. We cannot ascertain when this porch was taken down.
The east end of this church was surrounded by houses which were purchased by the corporation in 1851, shortly after which they were removed. The west end was also formerly obstructed by buildings. Two shops which stood there were taken down in 1678, but Jackenetts almshouses remained till 1789.
The chancel was restored in 1857, from a design of A. Salvin, esq. The cost (£600) being defrayed by Trinity college the impropriators.
The tower contains a fine peal of twelve bells, although we believe ten only are used.(c) The great
(o) Only dau. of Hen. earl of Pembroke, K.G. who died 19 Jan. 1600-1, by his third wife Mary dau. of sir Hen. Sidney, K.G.
(6) We presume he was a son of Tho. Peyton (son of sir Edw. of Isleham), who married Eliz. dau. of sir Will. Yelverton of Rougham.
(c) The first peal was rung in 1595. In 1611 the four bells were cast into five. In 1622 the bells were recast at the cost of £44. 14s. There was at one time a peal of six. To this followed one of eight. The total weight of the bells in this peal was 66cwt. 1 qr. 121bs. In 1723 a peal of ten bells was set up. On 3 August in the following year the society of Cambridge Youths was established. It still subsists. Dr. Charles Mason the Woodwardian professor became a member in 1725; Richard Dawes, the celebrated critic, in 1731 ; and Samuel Roe, afterwards vicar of Stotfold, in 1733. A society of a similar character, consisting chiefly
314 S. MARY THE GREAT.
bell is rung daily from 5.45 till 6 A.M. and from 9 to 9.15 P.M.(O) The clock has quarter chimes, com- posed by the eminent "William Crotch, Mus.D.(6)
Within this parish are the Senate-house, a small portion of King's college, and the greater part of the Guildhall and Market hill.
The Market hill was formerly in the shape of the letter L.
Between the western side of the hill and the church, was a small street anciently called Well street, afterwards Pump lane, and more recently Warwick street.
In the night of 16 Sept. 1849, six houses on the western side of the hill and on the northern side of S. Mary's street, were destroyed by an acci- dental fire.
Under the powers of a special act obtained in 1850, the corporation purchased the sites of the destroyed houses and all the other adjoining houses, including the whole of Warwick street.
The site was soon afterwards cleared, and the market stead as it now appears was laid out in 1855.
of the younger members of the university, is said to have existed in the reign of Elizabeth. The peal of ten weighed 125 cwt. 21 Ibs. The charge of casting was £701. 1*. Every master of a college contributed 2 guineas; about £100 was raised by subscription and the rest of the charge was borne by the parish. This peal was completed by the ingenious Mr. Richard Phelps, who died 18 August, 1738. The peal was increased to twelve in 1770, when a new tenoi of 30 cwt. was cast and two additional trebles were procured by subscription.
(a) An order was made by the vestry 26 Oct. 1663, that the great bell should be rung at 9 o'clock at night and 5 in the morning.
(6) Chimes were erected in 1671, for which purpose £49. 19s. was raised by subscription in this and other parishes.
3HEV7IKG
v . 315
T; cost <.»•• triking improvement ex-
lention occurs in
corner of the Mil,
ordinarily made, as
:n time an imposing
.o certain evidence on
. the corporation empow
les to construct a small
i to «»e
ills we
crfM* or Tne viceciia.
c in 1606. was
s time in the bulT ring
shipped the ';•••.. market pla^ ii mad< . into it.
itinued we are uesday, 1569, the
.ing a fountain ii The c -tod in 1855 in lieu of another
•JUT. TTTRONZ
S. MARY THE GREAT. 315
The total cost of this striking improvement ex- ceeded £50,000.
The Market Cross of which mention occurs in 1467, stood on the south-western corner of the hill, and here all proclamations were ordinarily made, as they still are on the spot where it stood.
It was probably in the olden time an imposing structure, although we have no certain evidence on the subject. In 1726, the corporation empowered one of the chief constables to construct a small watchhouse or guardhouse adjoining it, and to use materials from the cross in the erection. In 1763, it is described as a handsome stone square pillar of the Ionic order, on the summit of which was an orb and cross gilt. It was removed in or soon after 1786.
Near the cross was a spot known as the bull ring, where no doubt bulls were formerly baited. The stocks at the bull ring in the market place are mentioned in a decree of the vicechancellor and heads of colleges made in 1606. The pillory was also set up from time to time in the bull ring and rogues were frequently whipped there.
There was a fountain in the market place in 1423. In or about 1429, the corporation made a bye-law to prevent dirt or filth being cast into it. How it was supplied, or how long it continued we are not informed, but on Hock Tuesday, 1569, the corporation made a grant of 20s. to George Addam, burgess, towards making a fountain in the market.
The conduit erected in 1855 in lieu of another
316 S. MARY THE GREAT.
built in 1614,(a) stands in the centre of the market stead. On it are small statues of the following eminent natives of the town : sir Joh. de Cambridge, justice of the common pleas ; sir Joh. Cheke ; Tho. Thirleby, bishop of Ely; Godfrey Goldsborough, bishop of Gloucester; Tho. Cecil, earl of Exeter; Orlando Gibbons, MUS.D. ; Tho. Hobson ; Jeremy Taylor, bishop of Down and Connor; also their arms and the arms of the university and town; earl Fitzwilliam, late high steward of the town ; and Dr. Andrew Perne, dean of Ely and master of Peterhouse, who first suggested the introduction of the nine wells water into Cambridge.
The original houses of the Franciscans(4) and the Friars de Sacco,(c) S. Mary's hostel(d) and the greater part of Paul's inn(e) were in this parish.
(a) See pp. 182, 183. (6) See p. 1.
(c) See vol. i., p. 6.
(d) S. Mary's hostel which stood near the north-east corner of the Senate-house, belonged to Corpus Christi college. The names of the fol- lowing principals occur: Tho. Forster, 1510; Rob. Child, 1513; Tho. Arthur, 1518; Rob. Cowper, about 1520; Ric. Hyhert, 1521; Will. Butts is supposed to have been principal 1524, when he had a lease of this hostel. Tho. Arthur was a man of some note and ability. Will. Butts who was afterwards knighted, was the well known physician to Hen. VIII.
This house will be for ever memorable, in consequence of archbishop Parker having received part of his education therein.
In 1565, S. Mary's hostel is described as in the occupation of Tho. Pede. It had evidently at that period ceased to be used for academical purposes.
(e) S. Paul's inn fronted what is now the northern side of Market hill, but was formerly part of Sheder's or Sherer's lane, subsequently known as S. Mary's street.
The following principals occur: Rob. Halome, 1504; Ric. Wolman, 1510 ; Thomas Brygg, 1513-1518.
Wolman who became LL.D. and dean of Wells, and had other great preferment in the church, was a canonist .of distinguished reputation.
S. Paul's inn, which it appears was appropriated to law students, was
S. MARY THE GREAT. 317
The Red Lion,(a) one of the principal inns in the town is in this parish, within which were situate, wholly or in part, other inns, once of great renown, as the Rose tavern, (6) the Angel, (c) the Devil tavern, (d] the Falcon, (e] and the Tuns tavern.(/)
probably discontinued as a house of learning, in or about 1535. It was subsequently converted into the Rose tavern, on part of which now stands Rose crescent.
A portion of S. Paul's inn must have been in S. Michael's.
(a) The Red Lion is the property of the trustees of Story's charity, having been part of the estate which came to them under the will of Edward Story the founder. The Unicorn in Petty cury (part of which was about 15 years since added to the Red Lion), occurs in 1676.
(b) The Rose, which was kept for many years by Michael Woolfe and his son Bartholomew Woolfe, acquired the cant appellation of Woolfe's college (Thoms's Anecdotes and Traditions, 21). The celebrated Pepys appears to have been partial to the Rose, and was merry there with his academical friends on more than one occasion (Pepys's Diary, i. 252, 258, iv. 218). Cosmo prince of Tuscany put up at the Rose when he visited the university in May, 1669. An account of the ridiculous conduct of Richard Laughton, proctor, in dispersing a convivial party of tories at the Rose in 1710 will be found in Monk's Life of Bentley, i. 286.
The Rose, which occupied the site or part of the site of Paul's inn, was disused as an inn about 1814. On the yard and back premises the buildings known as Rose crescent were erected about 1826.
(c) The Angel which we find mentioned in 1649 was probably then of considerable antiquity. It was a large inn of repute till about a century since, and stood on the north side of Market hill eastward of the Rose. Portions of the premises appear to have been in the parishes of S. Michael and Holy Trinity.
(d) The Devil tavern occupied part of the site of Senate-house yard. In 1653 it was the post house, and from it in that year started the first stage coach from Cambridge to London. It is mentioned as of good repute in 1729 but must have been pulled down very soon after that date.
(«) See p. 217. (/) See p. 285.
The Black Swan in this parish is an ancient public-house being mentioned in 1646.
CHURCH OF S. MAKT THE LESS.
S. MARY THE LESS.(a)
THIS church was anciently termed S. Peter's by Trumpington gates to distinguish it from another church also dedicated to S. Peter near the Castle.
In 6 Richard I. a jury found that one Langline who was both patron and incumbent of this church, gave it " secundum quod tune fuit mos civitatis Can- tabrigiae" to a relation of his, one Segar, who was patron and incumbent of it for sixty years and more, and subsequently gave it to Henry his son, who held it for sixty years, and gave it by his charter to the hospital at Cambridge.
(a) See Annals of the Church of S. Mary the Less, Cambridge. A Paper read before the Cambridge Architectural Society, March 19th, 1857, by J. W. Clarke, esq., of Trinity College.
S. MARY THE LESS. 319
The hospital referred to was that of S. John the evangelist, to which house this church was appro- priated by Eustace bishop of Ely who came to that see in 1197.
We have already'"1 related the circumstances under which it was subsequently transferred from the master and brethren of S. John's hospital to the master and scholars of S. Peter's college.
S. Peter ad Portam was valued at 6 marks in 1254 and in the ecclesiastical taxation made in or about 1291 by authority of pope Nicholas IV. it is rated at £7. and the scholars of the bishop of Ely as rectors of this church for tithes in Grantchester sixpence.
The church was old and ruinous in 1340 when Nicholas de Wisbech had a licence to celebrate divine offices within the walls of S. Peter's college, and in 1350 the chancel fell to the ground.
A new church was forthwith erected. It was dedicated to the honour of Blessed Mary ever virgin(6) by Thomas de Insula bishop of Ely on Saturday next after the feast of All Saints, 1352.
Thomas Arundel, bishop of Ely, 31 Dec. 1385, changed the festival of the dedication of the church from the morrow of All Souls' day to 1 1 July.
In the ecclesiastical valuation made under the act of 1534 the chantry in this church was taxed at
(a) Vol. i. p. 4, Vol. ii. pp. 59, 62.
(b) Thenceforward the church was properly called S. Mary without Trumpington Gates, or S. Mary the Less, to distinguish it from the other church of S. Mary, which was called S. Mary by the market or S. Mary the Great.
As an instance of the time it takes to carry out changes of this nature it may be mentioned that in a deed dated 1394, the parish is called S. Peter without Trumpington gates.
320 S. MARY THE LESS.
£2. 5s. 2^d.(a} The rectory being appropriated to Peterhouse was included in the valuation of the possessions of that college. (6)
We have not found mention of any other gild in this church than that of S. Mary.
This church was used by the society of Peterhouse for the performance of their divine service until the erection of the college chapel in 1632.{c)
About 1637, Peter Gunning, fellow of Clare hall, afterwards bishop of Ely, was the minister of this parish.
William Dowsing, who visited this church 29 and 30 Dec. 1643, says:
We brake down 60 Superstitious Pictures, Some Popes & Crucyfyxes, & God the father sitting in a chayer & holding a Glasse in his hand.
The inquisition taken 23 Oct. 1650, before com- missioners for providing maintenance for preaching ministers, contains these passages :
The parishe of S. Marye the Lesse is an Impropriacion and Peterhowse Colledge receave the Tythes both of the Parsonage
(a) In 1553 a pension of 80s. was paid to Leonard Pollard late incum- bent of this chantry then dissolved.
He was sometime fellow of Peterhouse and vicar of this parish, subsequently becoming a senior fellow of S. John's and canon of Worcester and Peterborough. He was the author of five homilies edited and corrected by bishop Bonner, and published in 1556 (see Athen. Cantab, i. 15}7, 546).
(b) In 1403 the bursar of Peterhouse received 6s. 8d. of the abbat of Newbow for the tithes of his lecture in the common law school by reason he resided in this parish, and in 1466 John Leystoft, vicar of S. Stephen's, Norwich, read divinity lectures, and because he resided in this parish paid the tithes of them to the bursar. The college also received tithes of fish taken in the mill dam in this parish.
It seems that in 37 Hen. VIII. the rectory was let by the college on lease for £10. 9s. 8d. per annum. — University and Coll. Documents, i. 113.
(c) See Vol. i. p. 18.
THE LESS. i.*y «re worth Searenteen pounds per
t S. Mary the Js, the latter " being the
i
S. MARY THE LESS. 321
and Viccaridge. That they are worth Seaventeen pounds per Annum.
That Peterhowse doth and hath vsuallie provided them a Preacher and they know of no other maintenance.
The commissioners certified that S. Mary the less should be united to S. Botolph's, the latter " being the fitter Church."
The benefice was augmented in 1815 by the governors of queen Anne's bounty giving £1200 out of the parliamentary grant.
It is said that Alan de Walsingham was the architect of this handsome church, but no authority has been found for the statement.
The structure is apteral, consisting of a simple parallelogram. The division between the nave and chancel was made by a screen which is now cut down to a level with the tops of the pews. Over the screen were the royal arms, painted by Valentine BItz, and presented by him to the parish. The painting is now in the vestry.
The roofs of the two portions of the church are different in character.
The windows are of excellent decorated flowing tracery, the east window of six lights, those of the sides of four. In the east window which is greatly and justly admired, stained glass has been recently introduced.
In the windows were formerly the arms of the family of Argentine, and an inscription commemo- rative of William de Whittlesey, bishop of Rochester, who was subsequently bishop of Worcester, and ultimately archbishop of Canterbury.
There were chantry chapels on either side, that VOL. in. Y
S. MAST THE LESS.
on the north being founded by Dr. Thomas Lane, and that on the south by Dr. John Warkworth. The entrances to these chapels were brought to light in the course of recent alterations.
The vestry was, it seems, formerly the chapel of S. Mary. The notion long entertained that it was Warkworth's chantry chapel appears to be erroneous.
There is a handsome octagonal font of third pointed work. On six of the sides are the arms in colours of the city of London (repeated), the bishopric of Ely, the university of Cambridge, 8. Peter's college, and the town of Cambridge. The arms of Pembroke hafl were also formerly on this font.
In the midst of the chancel was a stone haying a brass plate with an effigy and inscription. The effigy was removed long since, but from part of the inscription remaining in 1724, it appears to have been the tomb of John Holbrooke, sometime master of Peterhouse, chancellor of the university, chaplain to Henry VI. and a irMijlumifiJMMi of high repute. He died in June, 1446.
John Edmunds, D.D. master of Peterhouse, five times viceehanceflor of the university and chancellor of the church of Saram, who died in 1544, was buried in this church.
IXSCKIPTIOSIS
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WiD. EJboraeT befikr of Petnboc 27 Jm»er 17T2, ag. C2, oected ty the colL; SaraJ^ Us wife, IS Ayr. 1790, ag. 64.
Ho. Hide, avnfaa^ 23 May, 1777, ag. 35.
Sam. ra»lnt 12 JdL ITSSy ag. 65; LjdEa, lit wMe^ 3 Apr. 1793, ag. 53.
Maq^GMfeRorifevkk, dam. of Pet. Bortkwidk «T Je& ad Mug. kk wife7 25 Oct. 1899, at. 2.
Jofc. Ja. Ibbotaon, stod. PetokiK pr^. id. Jan. 1331, aL t2. wife of Jak. Banks HoDbgwatlk, COJL finofy
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ho«5eT Wore. 24 Mar. 1831r ag. 52.
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324 S. MARY THE LESS.
Job. Rickard Barker, M.A. bar.-at-law, judge of court of pleas of bor. of Cambr. 29 Jan. 1843, ag. 43 ; his motber Eliz. wife of rev. Ja. [Rickard] Barker, M.A. dau. of rev. Hen. Turner, B.D. vie. of Burwell, 14 Apr. 1847, ag. 71.
Agnes, dau. of Gilb. Ainslie, D.D. mast. Pemb. coll. and Emily, his wife, b. 24 Jan. 1836, d. 17 Apr. 1844 ; Montague their eld. son, b. 11 Apr. 1834, d. 18 Oct. 1852, bur. at Alver- stoke, Hants.
Rev. Ja. [Rickard] Barker, M.A. [Trin. coll.] vie. of Westley, Cambsh. J. P. for Cambsh. and Suffolk, 1 Jul. 1850, ait. 76.
In the old churchyard.
*Marg. wife of Geo. Grumbold, 1 Mar. 1707, and 3 sons and 3 dau. 1695.
" Six harmless Babes, that only came and cried, In Baptism to be wash't from Sin, and died."
Will. Joh. Hopkins, son of Will. Hopkins, esq. [M.A.] S. Pet. coll. 10 Aug. 1837, ag. 18.
Ric. Comings, 23 Mar. 1838, set. 68 ; Ann, his wid. 31 Jan. 1852, aBt. 71.
Will. Hen. Tapson, S. Pet. coll. youngest son of Joh. Tapson, esq. of London, 15 Jan. 1842, ag. 21.
Sarah, dau. of Josiah and Mary Brewer, wife of rev. Joh. Harrison, B.A. Qu. coll. d. at Chatteris, 3 Mar. 1842, ag. 57.
Sam. Prest, ... Jul. 1846.
Rev. Tho. Chubb Howes, M.A. [Trin. coll.] b. 23 Feb. 1814, d. 18 Aug. 1846.
Horace, son of rev. Percival Frost and Jennett, his wife, b. 14 Nov. 1843, d. 5 Feb. 1847.
Will. Key Ridgway, 33 years curator of Fitzwilliam museum, 1 Aug. 1852, ag. 73 ; Cath. his wife, 11 Apr. 1844, ag. 65.
In the new churchyard.
Louisa Lewis, dau. of rev. Joh. Lewis, M.A. vie. of Ingate- stone and Rivenhall, Essex, 16 Feb. 1850.
Edw. Joh. Aug. Glover, b. 23 Oct. 1789, d. 15 June, 1850.
Edw. Fawcett, 6 Aug. 1850, ag. 47.
Will. Joh. Steel, B.A. fell. S. Pet. coll. b. at Strennorld co. Donegal, 16 Sept. 1831, d. 11 Mar. 1855.
S. MAEY THE LESS. 325
Hermann Bernard, M.A. Phil. Doct. of the Univ. of Giessen in Hesse Darmstadt, many years teacher in the univ. of Camb. 15 Nov. 1857, ag. 72.
Dav. King [coroner], 7 May, 1858, ag. 44.
Eev. Cha. Peers, M.A. incumb. of Walsham le Willows, Suff. 28 Nov. 1858, ag. 47.
Aug. Grafton, It.-col. Bombay army, 17 Apr. 1860.
Geo. Leapingwell, esq. LL.D. 24 Dec. 1863.
The following interments appear in the registers :
Joh. Newell/0) priest [fell. Pemb. hall], d. 6 May, 1558. Joh. Atkinson/6) priest, M.A. fell. Peterho. d. 23 Nov. 1558. Ant. Mayhew,M M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, d. 19 Oct. 1558, bur. 21st south of the pulpit.
Tho. Dixie/1*) B.D. 25 Sept. 1585.
Will. Curie, schol. Peterho. 11 Feb. 1586-7.
Bob. Cooke/6) fell. Pemb. hall, 26 Mar. 1590.
Mr. Hobbes, fell. com. Pemb. hall, 14 Mar. 1590-1.
Sir Gray,f> B.A. schol. Pemb. hall, 20 May, 1595.
Mr. Wattes, M.A. schol. Pemb. hall, 14 Aug. 1595.
Will. Brown, schol. Peterho. 27 Sept. 1599.
Sam. Mathew, son of Toby, bp. of Durham, 17 Jan. 1601-2.
Edw. Pickard, schol. Pemb. hall, 20 Mar. 1601-2.
Eltonhead, schol. Peterho. 24 Dec. 1603.
Joh. Joanes,^) M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, 26 Apr. 1605.
Geo. Fletcher, schol. Peterho. 10 Oct. 1608.
Eob. Some/*) D.D. mast. Peterho. 10 Feb. 1608-9.
Tho. Hills, B.A. Pemb. hall, 13 June, 1610.
(a) A native of London, B.A. 1555-6. (6) B.A. 1547-8, M.A. 1555.
(c) Ant Mayhew who had been an exile for religion in the reign of queen Mary is said to have been one of the principal translators of the Geneva Bible published soon after his death. — See Athen. Cantab, i. 198.
(d) Tho. Dixie of Peterho B.A. 1573-4, M.A. 1577, B.D. 1685.
(e) B.A. 1584-5, fell. 27 June, 1588, M.A. 1588. (/) Tho. Gray, B.A. 1593-4.
(g) B.A. 1596-7. fell. 9 Oct. 1598, M.A. 1600.
(A) Dr. Some who had been a scholar of S. John's and a fellow of Queens', died in his fourth vicechancellorship. See Athen. Cantab, i. 510. It seems probable that the date of his interment in the register is erroneous.
326 S. MARY THE LESS.
Ds Holland, schol. Pemb. hall, 24 Jul. 1615.
Ds Upsheir, Peterho. 2 Feb. 1615-16.
Andr. Perne, 6 Jul. 1616.
John Brookes of Peterho. 19 Aug. 1617.
Tho. Turner, D.D. mast. Peterho. 18 Oct. 1617.
Mrs. Lynne, wife of Mr. Dr. Lynne/0) 7 Jul. 1618.
Joh. Lawrence, B.A. Peterho. 10 Dec. 1621.
Joh. Stanley, schol. Peterho. 3 Nov. 1622.
Joh. Durrant/6) aid. 18 Jul. 1624.
Sir Cutherne, schol. Trin. coll. 3 May, 1621.
Alice, wife to Dr. Palmer, 2 Jan. 1629-30.
Tho. son of Tho. Hobson, 4 May, 1638.
Eliz.wife of Will. Harris, minister of this parish, 19 Jan.1638-9.
Kob. Blackstone, stud. Peterho. 7 Sept. 1639.
Sir Milse/c) B.A. (south side of chancel) 9 Dec. 1642.
Sam. Lensie, B.A. 14 Mar. 1643-4.
Mat. Hanscombe, M.A. fell. Peterho. (on north side as you go into the chapel) 19 Mar. 1643-4.
A soldier under capt. Southcott, 28 Feb. 1644-5.
Mr. Florence Cartye, a minister in Ireland, 9 Apr. 1646.
Sam. Shippe, stud. Pemb. hall, 6 Aug. 1647.
Mr. Palmer, W master of Queens' coll. d. 14 Aug. 1647.
Joh. Calco, stud. Peterho. (in the chancel) 14 Apr. 1649.
Will. Cooke, stud. Pemb. hall, 14 July, 1653.
James Clifford/6) fell. Pemb. hall, (in coll. chapel) 20 Jul. 1657.
Tho. Knowles, stud. Pemb. hall, d. 16, bur. 17 Mar. 1661-2.
Hugh Braume, d. 14 Apr. 1662, bur. 16 in Pembr. chapel.
Bern. Hale, D.D. master Peterho. d. 29 Mar. 1663, bur. 30th in Peterho. chapel.
Gabr. Clarke, fell. Peterho. and min. of this parish, 11 Dec. 1 663, in the chancel.
(d) Marmaduke Lynne of Trin. hall, LL.D. 1618.
(6) It appears from the corporation books that Aid. Durrant who served the office of Mayor in 1618-19, was executed for murder.
(c) Geo. Milles of Peterho. B.A. 1639-40.
(d) Herbert Palmer of S. John's, B.A. 1618-19, M.A. 1622, B.D. 1631, became president of Queens' college in 1644, on the ejection of Dr. Edward Martin.
(e) Of Warwickshire, B.A. 1651-2, fell. 1 Jul. 1652.
S. MARY THE LESS. 327
Edw. Sterne, M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, d. 4 Jan. 1663-4, bur. 5th in Pemb. hall chapel.
Ealph Crockford, B.A. fell. Peterho. 13 May, 1665.
Joh. Francius, M.D. fell. Peterho. d. 11 June, 1665, bur. 12th.
Theoph. Danckes, B.A. of Jes. coll. (son of Joh.) d. 25 Dec. 1666, bur. 26th.
Alex. Greene, B.A. of Peterho. d. 11 Mar. 1666-7, bur. 12th.
Matth. Wren, bp. of Ely, 11 May, 1667, in the vault joined to Pembr. hall.
Will. Quarles, fell. Pemb. hall, in the new chapel, 15 Mar. 1671-2.
Matth.Wren, in the vault in Pemb. hall chapel, 22 June, 1672.
Joh. Peters, in Pemb. hall chapel cloisters, 7 Jul. 1672.
Tho. Swinbourne, schol. Pemb. hall, in their chapel, 23 Jan. 1673-4.
Anne, dau. of Dr. Joseph Beaumont, 15 Apr. 1674.
Sam. Bale/0) fell. Pemb. hall, in their chapel, 19 Aug. 1674.
Will. Sammes, fell. Peterho. 13 Apr. 1676.
Tho. Richardson, B.A. Peterho. 15 Dec. 1677.
Hen. Holder, M.A. sen. fell. Peterho. 17 Dec. 1677.
Ja. Hawkey, schol. Pemb. hall, 26 Mar. 1681.
Geo. Wilson, schol. Pemb. hall, 16 Apr. 1681.
Will. Evers, schol. Pemb. hall, 2 Feb. 1681-2.
Joh. Gulliver, M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, 14 Apr. 1683.
Joh. Glanville, M.A. fell. Peterho. 30 May, 1683.
Hen. Ardern, M.A. fell. Peterho. 23 Dec. 1683.
Hen. Hawkey, B.A. fell. Pemb. hall, 23 Aug. 1684.
Will. Beaumont, M.A. Peterho. 3 Oct. 1686.
Will. Moses/*) esq., in the vault belonging to Pembroke hall, 13 Nov. 1688.
Ben. Kean, B.A. fell. Pemb. hall, 30 Nov. 1688.
Will. Dickenson, M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, 17 June, 1690.
Will. Meade, schol. Peterho. 25 June, 1690.
Geo. Mapletoft, M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, 5 Aug. 1693.
Nath. Coga, D.D. mast. Pemb. hall, 7 May, 1694.
(a) A native of Canterbury and vicar of Great S. Andrew's in this town.
(6) William Moses was fellow of Pembroke hall, 1644, and master 1655-60. He became a serjeant at law and was a considerable benefactor to the college.
328 S. MARY THE LESS.
Job. Quarme, schol. Pemb. hall, 13 Oct. 1694.
Ric. Green, M.A. Pemb. ball chapel, 18 May, 1697.
Ric. Blyth, M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, 3 Aug. 1698.
Hen. Briggs, M.A. fell. Peterho. 12 May, 1699.
Will. Banckes/") M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, 10 Jul. 1699.
Joseph Beaumont, D.D. Regius prof. Div. mast. Peterho.
1 Dec. 1699.
Randolph Tutte, schol. Peterho. 8 Apr. 1700.
Job. Yesey, M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, 3 Dec. 1700.
Ric. Robin Humphreys, schol. Pemb. hall, 14 Apr. 1702.
Tho. Crowch, M.A. pres. Pemb. hall, 10 May, 1703.
Edw. Feast, M.A. pres. Pemb. hall, 29 Jan. 1703-4.
Tho.Gardiner, M.A. barrister- at-law, fell. Peterho.6 Mar.1703-4.
Tho. Parlett, M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, 13 Feb. 1704-5.
Tho. Browne, D.D. mast. Pemb. hall, d. in London 9 Mar. 1706-7, bur. 13th in the vault belonging to Pemb. hall.
Sam. Bale, M.A. fell. Peterho. rect. of Elton, Hunts. 10 May, 1708, set. 65.
Job. Tonkin, schol. Pemb. hall, in coll. cloister, 10 June, 1710.
Ric. Gate, schol. Pemb. hall, in their cloister, 12 Jul. 1710.
Job. Rant, B.A. Pemb. hall cloister, 13 Apr. 1711.
Edm. Scrivener, schol. Pemb. hall, cloister, 14 Apr. 1711.
Harbord Rous, B.A. Pemb. hall, ante-chapel, 6 May, 1711.
Will. Fownes, M.A. fell. S. Peter's, 20 May, 1713.
Tho. Boulton, schol. Pemb. hall, in their cloister, 20 Dec. 1714.
Ralph Witty, M.A. fell. S. Peter's, 14 June, 1717.
Cha. Tremayne, M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, in coll. ante-chapel,
2 Aug. 1718.
Gilman Wall, M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, in cloister, 18 Jul. 1722. Job. Williamson, schol. Peterho. 2 Mar. 1724-5. Cha. Beaumont, D.D. late fell. S. Peter's, in ante-chapel next to his father's grave, 17 Mar. 1726-7.
Cha. Robinson, schol. S. Peter's, 11 Aug. 1727.
Cha. Slade, schol. Pemb. hall, in cloister, 10 Jan. 1727-8.
Job. Chibnall, schol. Pemb. hall, 5 Mar. 1730-1.
(a) Mr. Banckes originally of Trin. coll. was engaged some time before his death in preparing an edition of Catullus, Tibullus, Propertius and Gallus for the university press.
S. MARY THE LESS. 329
Tho. Richardson, D.D. master S. Peter's, in ante-chapel of coll. 2 Aug. 1733.
Kev. Will. Goodall, M.A. fell. S. Peter's, 18 Aug. 1734.
Ric. Crossinge, B.D. pres. Pemb. hall, in ante-chapel, 17 Feb. 1734-5.
Ja. Jeffery, M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, in ante-chapel, 6 May, 1734.
Jonas Goddard, schol. S. Peter's, 25 June, 1735.
Cha. Brackley, schol. Pemb. hall, 10 June, 1740.
Fra. Powlett, schol. S. Peter's, 10 Dec. 1742.
Val. Eitz,W 3 Jan. 1744-5.
Joh. Whalley, D.D. Regius prof. Div. mast. S. Pet. coll. in coll. ante-chapel, 17 Dec. 1748.
Rev. Fra. Nicholson, M.A. fell. S. Pet. coll. 26 Jul. 1759.
Joseph Tiffin, schol. S. Pet. coll. 15 Dec. 1783.
Ja. Brown, D.D. mast. Pemb. hall, in chapel, 5 Oct. 1784.
Fra. Dawes, M.A. sen. fell. S. Pet. coll. 2 Oct. 1789.
Joseph Girdler, M.A. d. 12 May, 1809, ag. 71, bur. in ante- chapel Pemb. hall 18th.
Tho. Pearne, M.A. fell. S. Pet. coll. 4 Dec. 1827.
Fra. Barnes, D.D. mast. S. Pet. coll. 7 May, 1832.
Tho. Veasey, B.D. fell. S. Pet. coll. 28 Apr. 1839.
Will. Hodgson, D.D. mast. S. Pet. coU. 22 Oct. 1847.
On the outside of the church at the east end are three niches, in which it is said were formerly placed images of our Saviour, the Blessed Virgin and S. Peter, but the centre niche is of small dimen- sions, so that it could hardly have had a statue.
At the north-west angle of the church is a low mean tower, having only one bell thus inscribed : XQIT sono am'mabtts movtuovum scti TJtbenttum,
The church is being gradually restored under the superintendence of George Gilbert Scott, esq. The roof has been re-constructed, as have also several of the windows on the north side.
(a) He was a german but lived in Cambridge about fifty years and was a painter of some excellency.
S. MARY THE LESS.
In ancient times the university annually cele- brated solemn service in this church, in commemo- ration of Hugh de Balsham, bishop of Ely, the founder of Peterhouse. (a) William Cavendish, master of Peterhouse, gave two cloths for the altar of tapestry work, with trees and leopards. Robert de Comberton about 1324, endowed a chantry in this church. Thomas de Castro Bernardi, master of Peterhouse, 1400-18, gave a vestment of cloth of gold with orfrays of blue velvet. The executors of John Holbrooke, sometime master of Peterhouse, for a per- petual memorial of his soul, caused to be made a pavement for the choir, with desks of the lower rows. Mr. Bomsted, formerly fellow of Peterhouse, in 1455 gave a chasuble of scarlet velvet with an alb and amice. Thomas Lane, D.D. master of Peterhouse, 1439-73, gave service books and vestments, and built a chapel on the north side of the church for the celebration of service for his soul and the souls of his relatives.(6) Alice Boice, by will, in 1471 directed a house to be sold, the proceeds to be distributed in works of piety, particularly in a celebration for four years for her soul and the souls of others named by her. She also gave 10 marks to the repara- tions, 20s. for wax and torches for the use of the church, 5 marks for mending the chalice, 5 marks for mending the vestments, 40s. for repairing the
(a) See vol. I. p. 2.
(6) On 4 May, 1445, two altars were consecrated in the nave by the suffragan of Lewis de Luxeraburgh, bishop of Ely. That to the north in honour of S. Mary Magdalen and S. Margaret. That to the south in honour of S. John the evangelist. The altar of Lane's chantry was also consecrated in honour of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin and S. Margaret.
S. MARY THE LESS. 331
highways, and 12d. to every poor person in the parish. Thomas Sympson, in 1496, gave the house in which he dwelt at Newnham, on condition the churchwardens kept an annual obiit for the souls of himself and his wife, and his parents Henry Sympson and Agnes his wife. John Warkworth, D.D. master of Peterhouse, who died in 1500, in his life- time built a chapel on the south side of the church, (a) he also gave service books, benches, and four staffs of silver gilt for the rectors of the choir. William Kentte, jun. clerk, about 1502 gave 13s. 4c?. a year to the poor. Nicholas Grene, burgess and brewer, by will 1503, gave 26s. 8d. a year to the corporation for an obiit in this church. Henry Horneby, D.D. master of Peterhouse, who died 12 Feb. 1517-18, founded a chantry in this church, which was fur- nished with rich plate and vestments. (6) John Chapman, alderman, by will 1549, made provision for an obiit to be kept yearly in this church by the mayor and corporation. William Ramsey gave 6s. 8d. a-year to the poor. Andrew Perne, D.D.
(a) "Warkworth's chapel was consecrated gratis by Job. Alcock, bishop of Ely, 12 Oct. 1487, in honour of S. Etheldreda, S. Leonard, S. John the evangelist and All Saints. At the same time he granted 40 days indulgence to all who should say in the said chapel the mass of S. Mary with the gospel Stabat juxta crucem. This indulgence was afterwards extended to the hearers. A brief memoir of Dr. Warkworth is given in Athen. Cantdbr. I. 4, 519.
(b) With respect to Dr. Horneby's chapel Mr. Clarke observes : " no traces remain of any such structure on the exterior ; nor does it clearly appear where it could have been placed. The walls north and south were already occupied. I therefore conclude that it was within the church, railed off perhaps with parcloses of wood," Mr. Clarke gives from S. Peter's college register an inventory with this title : — " Pertinencia capellse Magis- tro Horneby in cimiterio sanctse Maria? extra Trumpington Gates." Dr. Horneby is noticed in Athen. Cantabr. I. 19, 525.
332 S. MARY THE LESS.
dean of Ely and master of Peterhouse, who died 1586, gave by will 10s. yearly for a sermon in this church, with 20s. to be bestowed on a drinking in Peterhouse parlour after the sermon. (a) William Scot, alderman, gave 5s. per annum to the poor. William Beamond, maltster, in 1590 gave a rent charge of 3s. 4<7. payable out of the Catharine Wheel to a learned preacher, to preach to the edifica- tion of the people that man is justified by faith only in the merits of Jesus Christ. Mrs. Alice Palmer in 1629 gave a silver flagon and chalice. John Westfield,(6) M.A. feUow of Pembroke hall, in 1684 conveyed lands upon trust, to apply the rents in apprenticing poor children of this parish. Thomas Richardson, D.D. master of Peterhouse, in 1715 settled a rent charge of 40s. for a sermon on Grood Friday. Elizabeth Browne, daughter of Dr. Thomas Browne, master of Pembroke hall, gave a silver plate and cup to administer to the sick at their houses. The rev. Francis Gisborne, M.A. sometime fellow of S. Peter's college, who died 29 July, 1821, gave by
(a) Cole says: "A commemorative sermon in memory of y6 famous Dr. Andrew Perne, Master of S. Peter's College, and Dean of Ely, is preach'd here in ye afternoon of ye Sunday before May Day, at wch ye Vice- Chancellor and heads of Colleges after having dined at ye aforesaid College, are present, as also ye rest of ye University." Carter gives this account of the sermon: " To this church every year in the afternoon of the Sunday next after April the 26th, the body of the University repair to hear a Sermon (called Mr. Perne's Sermon) ; after which is over, the heads are treated by Peter-house College with a cool tankard, and had formerly flowers strewed before them, from the church-gate to the church-door." (Hist, of Cam," Iridgeshire 40.)
(6) Mr. Westfield a native of Bedfordshire became fellow of Pembroke hall, 1667, but his conscience not suffering him to take the abjuration oath he left the college in 1702. He died 4 Mar. 1704-5. It seems he was not in orders.
S. MARY THE LESS. 333
will £150. upon trust, to apply the interest every Christmas in the purchase of stout Yorkshire woollen cloth and flannel for coats, to be distributed amongst the most indigent men and women of the parish.
S. Peter's college and the Fitzwilliam museum with portions of Pembroke and Downing colleges are in this parish.
The Carmelite friars had their house at Newnham (probably in the part of that hamlet which is within this parish) from about 1249 to about 1290, when they removed into the parish of S. John baptist ;(0) and in this parish were the house and chapel of S. Edmund commonly called the White canons, (6)
(a) See p. 283.
(6) The chapel of S. Edmund was in 1278 in the patronage of Luke de Saint Edmund by hereditary right.
In 1290, Cecilia, daughter of "Walter the son of William de Saint Edmund, obtained the royal licence to give to the master and brethren of the order of Sempringham, the advowson of the chapel of S. Edmund.
The canons of that order, sometimes termed Gilbertines but more usually •white canons, settled in the same or the following year at this chapel, where they continued under the government of a prior until the general dissolution of monastic establishments in the reign of Henry VIII.
They greatly applied themselves to literature and academical disputations.
In 1312 the prior was charged to a tallage 14s. 4d. for his moveables and rents and in 1340 his moveable property was assessed at £8.
The house was visited by archbishop Arundel, 17 Sept. 1401.
In 1483 the prior paid the bailiffs of the town for hagabul, 14s. 7|c?. per annum.
The town in 1499 paid him 40s. for his robe and having his friendship, and in 1501 the treasurers paid IQd. for a flagon of red wine and a pottle of sweet wine given to him.
About 1534 the priory was rated at £14. 18*. 8|rf. for first fruits and tenths.
The corporation obtained a grant of some of the lands of this house in or about 1553.
The site and other lands were granted by queen Elizabeth to John Dodington and John Jackson, 8 April, in the second year of her reign.
William Gay ton occurs as prior in 1497 and Roger Felton in 1508.
334
S. MARY THE LESS.
the house of the friars of Bethlehem, (fl) the house of the friars of the penitence of Jesus Christ commonly called friars of the sack,(6) S. Edward's hostel, (c) Paternoster hostel/ d) S. Thomas's hostel, (e) and Uni- versity hostel, w
The hamlet of Newnham is partly in this parish and partly in S. Botolph's.(j7)
(a) The friars of Bethlehem settled in Trumpington street in 1257 and remained there till the suppression of their order in 1307. There was no other house of the order in England.
(6) See vol. L, p. 6.
(c) "St. Edward's Hostel, against Little St. Mary's where lately a victualling house, called the Chopping Knife." — Fuller.
(d) This hostel which had belonged to John Paternoster is mentioned in deeds 23 Edw. I. and 8 Edw. III. as being without Trumpington gate in the parish of S. Peter.
(e) Thomas de Kymberle, burgess and butcher, on "Wednesday after S. Matthew the apostle 20 Edw. III. [1346] granted to Beatrice Coulynge her heirs and assigns, this hostel by the description of a messuage with the appurtenances as it lay in the parish of S. Peter of Cambridge without Trumpington gates between the messuage of William de "Whyats of the one part and the messuage of Robert de Codenham of the other part abutting at one head on the king's way and at the other on land of Margaret Godeman.
It was soon afterwards purchased by the foundress of Pembroke hall, who annexed it thereto.
Thomas Goldesburgh 10 Aug. 34 Hen. VIH. [1542] conveyed to Nicholas Aunger and Elizabeth his wife a messuage in this parish between the tenement lately called S. Thomas's hostel on the north and the tenement pertaining to the chantry of Blessed Mary the Virgin in the churchyard of Blessed Mary the Virgin on the south part, one head abutting on the king's way towards the west and the other upon the field called S. Thomas's Leys against the east.
(/) This hostel was conveyed by William de Horwood and Simon de Sleford to John de Wystowe and Mary his wife on Friday after S. Michael 25 Edw. HI. It was soon afterwards annexed to Pembroke hall.
(g) In the Court of Pleas for the town of Cambridge in 1294 Lionel Dunig avowed in replevin for rent due from a person who held of him by homage fealty and suit at his court of Newnham from 3 weeks to 3 weeks and Guy master of S. John's hospital avowed for rent of a different amount due from the same person whom he alleged held of him by homage fealty and suit at his court of Newnham from 3 weeks to 3 weeks.
S. MARY THE LESS. 335
Within this parish but extending into others and even into portions of the county was the manor of Cotton alias Cayles.(o)
The manor of Newnham also called Mortimer's belonged anciently to the Mortimer family.
Under a settlement made in 1402 in pursuance of the will of sir Robert de Mortimer this manor came to Cecily daughter and coheiress of his son sir Thomas de Mortimer of Attleborough.
She married first sir John de Herling, knt., and secondly John Radcliffe, esq. who held this manor of the king in burgage remainder to sir Robert de Herling remainder to Anne his daughter and heiress then wife of sir "William Chamberlain.
Sir Robert de Herling was slain at Paris in 1435.
His daughter Anne after the death of her first husband sir William Chamberlain, KG., which occurred about 1462 because successively the wife of sir John Wingfield and John lord Scrope of Bolton whom she survived.
In 1474 this manor was settled by sir Robert Wingfield and his wife on Edward, bishop of Carlisle, sir John Wingfield, sir John Heveningham, sir Henry Grey, Edward Bokenham, Hen. Spelman, William Berdwell, jun. Thomas Chamberlain and others as trustees.
Lady Scrope who died at a great age in 1498, gave the manor to Gonville hall.
On 17 March, 1501-2, the mayor, bailiffs, and burgesses gave license to Thomas Fincham and Robert Wingfield, esquires, to grant and assign to the master and fellows of Gonville hall the manor of Newnham, with all its appurtenances, and a water mill called Newnham water mill with a close to the same mill adjoining, a close called Newnham close and 99 acres of land in the town and fields of Cambridge, holden of the mayor, &c. in burgage, saving to the mayor, &c. the rents and services, suit of court and view of frankpledge, aids, watches, fines &c.
Gonville hall leased the manor to the corporation for 99 years from Michaelmas, 1507. It is said that thereby the college lost almost all their guit rents, a sheepwalk, free bull and boar, and about four acres of land by changing doles and bounds and by altering the names of the houses and tenements belonging to the manor.
The corporation obtained a mandatory letter from James I. to Caius college for the renewal of the lease, but on the college's address to his majesty it was withdrawn and in 1605, one year before the expiration of the old lease, the manor was demised for 20 years to William Paget for the use of Dr Legge, then master.
Lady Scrope the donor of the manor of Newnham is commemorated by the name Scrope terrace being applied to a handsome row of houses in this parish held by lease under Caius college.
(a). The Cotton family had a manor in Cambridge in the reign of Hen.IV.
336 S. MART THE LESS.
There are three water mills in this parish. They are of great antiquity and are known as King's mill3(a)
In 1 Kic. III. Thomas Cotton paid the bailiffs of the town 15s. a year as hagabul for the tenement called Calysse and the lands pertaining to the same.
On 9 October 5 and 6 Phil and Mar [1558] Henry Veiseye in consideration of £ 200 bargained and sold to John Rust alderman, his heirs and assigns All that his manor of Cotton hall with its members and appurtenances in Cambridge by whatsoever name or names the said manor was or had been named, used, reputed, called, or known and all and singular other his lands, tenements, meadows, pastures, woods, underwoods, rents, reversions, services, commons, wastes, fishings, courts leet, view of frankpledge, liberties, franchises, profits and hereditaments whatsoever, set, lying and being in the towns parishes and fields of Cambridge, Barnwell, Hinton, Trumpington, Granchester, Chesterton, and Coton, or elsewhere in the county of Cambridge, to the abovesaid manor of Cotton hall in any wise belonging or appertaining or being known taken used or reputed as part parcel or member thereof except the free quit rents parcel of the said manor payable by the master and scholars of Corpus Christi college.
Alderman Rust by will dated 19 June 1569 devised his manor of Cayles " which was one John Cotton's" to his wife Elizabeth for life, remainder to his son Nicholas and the heirs of his body, remainder to his son Thomas in fee.
Aid. Rust had sold 20 acres, 3 roods parcel of the lands of this manor, to Oliver Flint, alderman, who sold the same to Thomas Hodi- lowe of Cambridge, brewer, to whom in 1574-5 Nicholas Rust released all his right and interest.
The residue of the manor came to Richard Bradly, brewer who sold it to Henry Harvey, L.L.D., master of Trinity hall, who by his will dated 1 Nov. 1584, directed it to be sold. At this period the manor consisted of 60 acres of arable with the appurtenances in the fields of Cambridge and Barnwell.
(a) King's mill is apparently the mill mentioned in Domesday as be- longing to earl Alan.
It afterwards came to the crown and passed to the corporation under king John's grant of the town in fee farm, 8 May 1207.
The mill was anciently under the charge of one of the four bailiffs termed the bailiff of the mill.
On 14 July, 1497 the corporation leased this mill (except the escheats of the court of the mill) to William Londes, burgess and miller for 10 years at the following annual rents payable to the bailiff of the mill, via: £18, twenty four bushels of wheat and £8 10s. for the "porte" of divers things to the mill pertaining.
This and the other two mills pay small rent charges in lieu of tithes to S. Peter's college. (Award 2 Dec. 1851, Apportionment 15 Feb. 1853.)
S. MARY THE LESS. 337
Bishop's rnill,(a) and Newnham mill.w
Trumpington gate which stood near the church was erected by Hen. III. in 1266, when he fortified the town against the adherents of the barons. It is not known when it was taken down.
At the extremity of the parish was Trumpington ford of which we find frequent mention in ancient times, it being one of the town boundaries. It has of course been long superseded by a bridge.
(a) Bishop's mill is mentioned in Domesday as belonging to the ahbot of Ely. On the conversion of the abbey into an episcopal see it of course acquired the name of the bishop's mill.
On 9 Jul. 1507, James Stanley, bishop of Ely, with the assent of the prior and convent, demised this mill, a meadow belonging thereto, and certain implements to the mayor bailiffs and burgesses for 99 years from Michaelmas following at £9. 10s. per annum.
In a lease of this mill made by the corporation to Thomas Simpson, 21 August, 1567, the customs as respects the King's mill are declared to be as follows: the Bishop's mill shall not grind until the King's mill beginneth to grind and shall leave grinding when the King's mill leaveth. If the occu- pier of the King's mill do not begin to grind at convenient time and at a full water and leave in convenient time or else if he be let by reason that his mill stones be in letting or his mill be broken, or hath any other let, so that he cannot grind, then the farmer of the Bishop's mill may grind and leave at his pleasure. The farmer of the Bishop's mill shall suffer the occupier of the King's mill to take part of such grist coming to the Bishop's mill as often as the King's mill shall lack grist to grind.
Bishop Heaton alienated this mill to Queen Elizabeth and it soon afterwards came into private hands.
(6) Newnham mill was in 1278 held by Lionel Dunig under sir William de Mortimer.
In 1333 on a complaint against sir William de Mortimer for erecting a fulling mill above his other mill the same was found by inquisition to be to the disherison of the king and the bailiffs and men of the town. It was no doubt removed forthwith.
The mill is regulated by a composition made 24th Jan. 1506-7 between the corporation and Gonville hall, which sets out the old customs which are curious.
For many years past this mill has been held under lease from Caius college, by the proprietor of the Bishop's mill, who is also the lessee of the King's mill under the corporation.
VOL. III. Z
338 g. MARY THE LESS.
Coe fen leys in this parish were enclosed under an act passed in 1811.
The river Cam from King's mill to Clayhithe is regulated under an act passed in 1851 (repealing acts passed in 1702 and 1813). The conservators are five justices of the county, three members of the university, and three members of the town council.
S. MICHAEL.
THIS church was in 1254 valued at only two marks. It does not appear in the ecclesiastical taxation made a few years afterwards by authority of pope Nicholas IV.
The advowson in 1278 belonged to Matilda atte Wolde, daughter of Yfanti. She had it by the death of Alfred her brother, who had it by the death of Yfanti, who had it by the death of Alice his mother, who had it by the death of Ivo Pepesta, who had it by the death of his father Reginald Pepesta, who had it by descent from his ancestors in the time of Henry II.
On 7 May, 1292, an inquiry was directed whether it would be to the damage of the king or any other, that Matilda atte Wolde should grant the advowson to the chancellor and masters of the university. No such grant appears to have been eventually made.
We have already mentioned the grant of the advowson by Dera de Maddyngle to Hervey de Stanton, his settlement of it on his foundation of Michaelhouse in 1324, and the appropriation of the church to the master and scholars of that college(a) with the other possessions of which it passed to Trinity college under Henry the eighth's charter of dotation.
(a) Vol. n. 216, 217.
Z2
340
S. MICHAEL.
Anciently the south aisle was used for divine service by Michaelhouse, and the north aisle by Gonville hall.
In 1531, we find mention here of S. Gregory's altar of pity, and of our lady altar behind the church door.
Here was interred in 1549, Paul Fagius, a learned hebrew scholar, who had shortly before been sent to Cambridge by the government. His body was taken up by cardinal Pole's delegates and burnt with that of Dr. Martin Bucer in the market place, 6 Feb. 155 6-7, (a) this church being for a time placed under interdict as having contained the remains of a heretic.
In 1550 it was in contemplation to unite part of this parish to Great S. Mary's, and the other part to All Saints. (6)
William Dowsing thus briefly records his pro- ceedings here, 26 Dec. 1643: —
We digged up steps & brake down divers Pictures.
The accounts of the churchwardens for that year contain the following charges: —
£. a. d. Paid for taking down the cross of the steple &)
chancell }
Item to the workmen when they were levelling the
chancell J
Item for levelling the chancell by order of parliament 1 15 0 Item for taking down the cloth in the chancel & the
the) I °
borde r v 2 6
(a) See p. 298.
(b) Cooper's Annals of Cambridge, II. 46.
S. MICHAEL. 341
Thomas Hill, D.D. who became master of Trinity college in 1645, established a lecture here.
In the inquisition taken 23 Oct. 1650, before the commissioners for providing maintenance for preaching ministers, is the following statement: —
The Parishe of St. Michaell have neither Minister nor any maintenance for a Minister that they know of, being alwaies till within seaven or eight yeares past provided of a Minister from Trinitie Colledge.
The commissioners certified that S. Michael's was fit to be united to All Saints; All Saints, standing most convenient for both parishes.
An accidental fire which occurred in this church on Sunday 11 Nov. 1849, just as the congrega- tion were assembling for morning service, destroyed the roof and did other damage. This occasioned extensive repairs and improvements under the super- intendence of George Gilbert Scott, esq. About £3000 was expended, and the church was re-opened for divine service 18 Oct. 1850, on which occasion sermons were preached by the rev. William Whewell, D.D. master of Trinity college, and the rev. pro- fessor Scholefield the incumbent.
The governors of queen Anne's bounty have given the following sums for augmentation of the benefice; in 1757, £200; in 1784, £200; in 1789, £200 ; and in 1793, £200.
Joan de Benewyck, before 1278, gave a mes- suage in this parish for the use of the rector. An annual rent of 8d. was anciently payable out of a messuage, which in 1278 belonged to Richard Batenian, jun. for the sustenance of a lamp before
342 S. MICHAEL.
the high altar; Edward Harrison, archdeacon of the east riding of Yorkshire and canon of Lincoln, by will dated 16 March, 1511-12, desired his executors to found a chantry for him in this church ; John Blythman, by will, in 1531, charged his lands at Fendrayton with an annual obiit in this church ; John Graves, in 1666, gave ten bushels of coals to the poor yearly; James Duport, D.D. dean of Peterborough and master of Magdalen college, gave £10, for which it was agreed to distribute 12s. worth of bread amongst the poor on S. Thomas's day yearly; Mr. John Pindar, in 1689, gave £15. towards buying a bell; Nathaniel Hanbury, B.D. fellow of Trinity college and minister of the parish, gave a branch in 1713; under the will of Anne Carrow, dated 1743, £40. was received for a dis- tribution of coals on Twelfth Day annually ; Samuel Forlow, by will, dated 1775, gave 10s. a-year for a distribution of bread amongst the poor on the anniversary of his burial; Mr. John Bowtell, book- binder, in 1813, bequeathed to Trinity college £500 consols, the dividends to be expended in the repair of the church and chancel ; Mr. John Ho veil, by will dated 1820, bequeathed £19. 19s. the yearly interest to be given to the poor in bread and coals ; the poor of this parish are entitled to a preference in the election of the inmates of the Perse alms- houses^"0
The church which is in Trinity street immediately opposite Caius college, is a complete specimen of the decorated style, wholly free from ancient inser-
(a) See p. 171.
S. MICHAEL. 343
tions. It consists of a nave, chancel, continuous aisles, a tower, and a northern porch.
The tower which contains four bells stands at the south-western angle. It is square and massive, and consists of three stages crowned by a parapet and surmounted with a little spire, probably placed there about forty years since in the room of one, which though far from elegant, was not quite so insignificant. (a)
The northern porch and the doorway which has been opened on the south side of the tower, were designed by Mr. Scott.
The piers of both nave and chancel are octagonal with moulded caps, and the arches are equilateral. There is no clerestory.
The plain and highly pitched timber roof is an exact restoration of the original.
The length of the chancel as compared with the nave is remarkable, the former exceeds fifty-three feet, the latter is not more than thirty-nine.
On either side of the chancel are low elbowed stalls of oak. These are said to have been brought from the chapel of Trinity college when its present fittings were erected.
There was till within the last few years an elegant oak screen, separating the nave and chancel.
In the south wall of the chancel are three fine sedilia and a piscina. Adjoining them is a crocketted ogee arch leading from the chancel into the south aisle. This elegant arch doubtless formed a portion of the monument of Hervey de Stanton.
(a) See south west view of this church in Gent. Maj. LXXXIV. (1) 321.
344 S. MICHAEL.
The east window consists of five trefoiled lights, between the heads of which are four foliated loops. The west window is also good.
A gallery of more than ordinary ugliness over the northern aisle, was removed immediately after the fire of 1849.
Across the eastern end of the north aisle runs a partition wall, thus forming a vestry, which con- tains a piscina and an old portrait of king Charles I.(a)
The south east chapel now occupied by the organ, has two singular tabernacles(&) and a piscina.
Near the priest's door on the southern side of the church is a recess, which it is supposed served for an ambry.
The font which is modern, is very good.
One of the bells is thus inscribed :
Charles Newman made mee 1684. Michell Pugson Henry Pyke Wardens
The inscription on each of the other three is as follows:
Christopher Craye made me 1687.
This church has been for many years ordinarily used for the greater episcopal and archidiaconal visitations, being found very convenient for the purpose, but formerly all the bishop's visitations were held at Great S. Mary's.
(a) This was formerly placed near the pulpit.
Bishop Jewell's Replie to Hardinge, 1565, his Defence of the Apologie of the Church of England, 1570, and Fox's Book of Martyrs were till about 30 years since chained to a desk in this church.
(6) An engraving of one of these with conjectural restorations, from a drawing by F. A. Paley, is given in the Camden Society's Brasses, 183.
\EL.
•iled lights,
•••» the heads of * re four foliated loops,
••t window is also good, tilery of mere than ordinary ugliness over northern aisle, was removed immediately after the fire of 1849.
Across the eastern end of the north aisle runs a partition wall, thus forming a vestry, which con- tains a piscina and an old portrait s I.(a)
The south east chapel organ, has two singular tabernaci
Near the priest's door on: the of
the church is a recess, which'dt is-siipposed p. for an ambry.
The font which is modern, is very good:; re One of the .bells is thus '- inscribed :
*
^ Charles Newman made1 mee1 1684.
Michel!,: Piigson - Hem
\;. ;•'•-•• -Vv
The inscription .on as -follow
i inarily
Y— f- tho
i-'^f visitations
v.or, ),
<a} This ,:^(] near -
,-h»p Jeweift Replie to Hardiogr. 1565, his Defence of the Apologie ••»« Church ji ir.r^mtul, ! >TO, an,! Fox's Book of Martyrs were till about 'M years since chaiUtd to a de^k in this church.
(ft) An engraving of one of thew? with conjectural restorations, from a drawing by F. A. Paley, i« given in tho Camden Society's Brasats, 183.
S. MICHAEL. 345
The workmen employed in 1804 to dig a vault for Mrs. Margaret Smith, met with a stone coffin very nearly under the ogee-headed arch in the chancel. About half the lid was wanting, but the skeleton which • was that of an elderly person re- mained entire. There can be little doubt that it was that of Hervey de Stanton the founder of Michaelhouse. This coffin having been again dis- closed during subsequent repairs, was carefully re- placed, the following inscription being put thereon : HERVEY DE STANTON,
Founder of St. Michael House, Cambridge, died at York, Oct. 18, 1337, and was buried in St. Michael's church, Cam- bridge. On repairing the church in consequence of its resto- ration after the fire of Nov. 11, 1849, the coffin was found, and placed in the situation in which it was originally buried, A.D. 1850.
Those who paid this very proper mark of Chris- tian respect to his memory, are we believe inaccurate as respects both the day and year of his decease. (o)
MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS. (6)
In the, church and chancel.
*Joh. Wright of Norfolk, son of Tho. Wright of Weeting, stud. Cai. coll. 2 Aug. 1599, placed by his surviving brother.
*Andr. Vandorne of Bremen, law student, 2 Jul. 1629, aet. 25.
*Edw. son of Kalph Dod of Shockledge, Chesh. gent. 3 yrs. stud. Cai. coll. 26 Sept. 1636, get. 19.
Edw. Parker, son of sir Tho. Parker, knt. and Philadelphia his wife, stud. Trin. coll. 4 Oct. 1649.
*Joh. Graves, 4 Jul. 1662.
*Will. Morden, prid. non. Mart. 1678-9 ; his son Joh. of the Middle Temple, esq. 8 kal. Jun. 1685, aet. 31.
(a) See Vol. II. 213.
(6) Those marked * have been removed, or are not now visible.
346 S. MICHAEL.
*Jane wife of Rob. Brady, M.D. 4 non. Mart. 1679.
Bob. Leeds, 1680.
*Joh. Case, M.B. sen. fell. Cai. coll. 12 Mar. 1699, jet. 18.
*Sam. Belcher, aid. 2 Nov. 1735.
Lewis Williams, stud. Cai. coll. eld. son of Joseph Williams of the island of Jamaica, esq. 31 Oct. 1741, set. 18.
*Rob. Carrow, gent. 1 Feb. 1738, set. 69 ; Ann his wife, 29 Sept. 1744, set. 68.
*Conyers Middleton, D.D. 29 Jul. 1750, set. 67 ; Sarah his wife, 19 Feb. 1730, get. 57 ; Mary his 2d wife, 26 Apr. 1745, set. 38; Barbara Middleton her niece who died a few weeks before her, set. 12.
*Tho. James, printer [who established the Cambridge Journal, the first newspaper in Cambridge], 27 Oct. 1750, ag. 40.
Tho. York, aid, a practitioner of the law, son of Job. York and Leah his wife, dau. of Barth. Webb of Gamlingay, baker, 16 Jul. 1756, ag. 59.
Tho. Ellis, gent, of Glanywynne, co. Denbigh, late schol. Trin. coll. 12 Mar. 1759, ag. 22.
Tho. Burrowes, late fell. Trin. coll. [esq. bedel] 7 Aug. 1767 ; Alice his wife, 25 Aug. 1757 ; Eliz. their dau. 5 Dec — , ag. 73.
Tho. Purchas7 10 Mar. 1773, ag. 67.
Sam. Forlow, 12 Oct. 1775, ag. 52 ; Anne his wid. 14 Aug. 1806, ag. 74 ; Rob. their son, 12 Feb. 1768, ag. 10 months ; Martin their son, 5 June, 1771, ag. 6 ; Sam. their son, 6 Apr. 1782, set. 1 9.
Peggy Smith, fourth niece of the master of Gonv. and Cai. coll. 30 Oct. 1786, ag. 26.
Caroline, dau. of rev. Job. and Mary Porter, b. 25 Aug. 1786, d. 3 Apr. 1788.
*Tho. Green, M.A. libr. of Trin. coll. and Woodwardian professor, 4 non. Jun. 1788, set. 51.
Humphr. Parry, young, son of Dan. and Cath. Jane of Crichell, Dorset, 1797, set. 19.
Job. Mack, stud. Trin. coll, 14 Dec. 1798, ag. 21.
*Ann, wife of Maximilian Daw, esq. 26 Apr. 1799 ; her sister Sarah wife of Will. Ellis, clerk, 29 Apr. 1799 ; Cath. Enby their mother.
*Joh. Apsey Shepard of Trin. coll. only son of Joh. and Rebecca Shepard, 27 Apr. 1801, aet. 19.
8. MICHAEL. 347
Edm. Parry, stud. Trin. coll. 1803, set. 19.
*EHzab. Smith, niece of the mast, of Gonv. and Cai. coll.
18 March, , ag. 32; her mother Margaret, wid. of Jos.
Smith, esq. of Coltishall, Norfolk, 8 Jan. 1804, ag. 71.
Joh. Hovell, barr. at law, son of Eic. and Mercy, 5 Jul. 1805, ag. 43.
*Sarah Shepard of Wakefield, eld. sist. of Joh. Shepard, 8 May, 1806, ag. 49.
*Joh. Scott of Market Kaisin, Lincolnsh. stud. Trin. coll.
5 June, 1806, ag. 18.
*G[eo] D[owning] Whittington [LL.B. S. Joh. coll.] [24 Jul.] 1807 [ag. 26.]
Joh. Bones, surgeon E.N. 25 Aug. 1807, ag. 31.
*Hen. Wilding, 8th son of Ja. Wilding of Salop, stud. Trin. coll. id. Feb. 1808, aet. 18.
Fra. Hodson [editor of Cambridge Chronicle] 17 Oct. 1812, ag. 72 ; Anne his wife and 13 children, including Ja. Hodsou [editor of Cambridge Chronicle] 23 Feb. 1832, ag. 46.
Joh. Bowtell, bookbinder (born in par. of Holy Trinity), 1 Dec, 1813, ag. 59. Erected by gov. of Addenbrooke's hospital to which he gave a magnificent legacy.
Laur. Dundas [of Trin. coll.] 2 son of hon. Laur. Dundas,
6 Feb. 1818, 83t. 18.
Rob. Bones, capt. R.N. and dep. gov. Sierra Leone, 11 Feb. 1818, ag. 32.
Tho. Verney Okes [an eminent surgeon], 17 Jul. 1818, aet. 63.
Joh. Shepard, born at Wakefield, vicechancellor of dioc. of Ely, chaplain of Trin. coll. and minister of this parish, 17 cal. Feb. 1819, set. 68.
Edw. Rogers, esq. fell. Cai. coll. barr. at law of Inner Temple, 1 Apr. 1827.
Rev. Clem. [Rob.] Francis, M.A. fell, and tutor of Cai. coll. 17 Feb. 1829, ag. 38. Erected by mother, with verses by Southey printed in his works^ 8vo. edit. 1850, p. 180.
Will. Coe [aid.] 24 Oct. 1831, ag. 86; Ann his wife, 15 Jan. 1821, ag. 73 ; Pet. Wedd, 20 Mar. 1823, ag. 67 ; Ann his wife, dau. of Will, and Ann Coe, 14 Sept. 1849, ag. 73.
Will. Bond, M.A. late fell. Cai. coll. rect. of Wheatacre cum Mutford, 7 June, 1832, ag. 80.
348
S. MICHAEL.
Elizab. dau. of Offley Smythe, esq. of Topcroft hall, Norf. wife of capt. Will. Arthur Irwin of 94th reg. of foot and Koxboro' co. Roscommon, 21 Feb. 1834, set. 55.
Joh. Dan. Hamilton Coles, stud. Trin. coll. kal. Mart. 1835, set. 20.
Ja. Scholefield, M.A. Regius prof, of greek, can. of Ely and nearly 30 years minister of this parish, 4 Apr. 1853, ag. 64.
In the old churchyard.
Joh. Marshall [under keeper of univ. library], 1 Apr. 1819, ag. 82 ; Mary his wid. 20 Dec. 1841, ag. 86.
Joh. Hen. Manners Le Blanc Mortlock, son of sir Joh. and lady Mortlock, b. 24 Dec. 1820, d. 27 Mar. 1821.
Joh. Deighton [bookseller], 16 Jan. 1828, ag. 80.
Ja. Brown [postmaster and common councilman], 10 Oct. 1832, ag. 57.
Cyril Joseph Monkhouse, Westminster schol. of Trin. coll. 31 May, 1842, ag. 29.
Francis Joseph, A.R.A. 1 Sept. 1846, set. 8t.
In the new churchyard.
Alfred Rudge, son of Edw. and Alice Rudge of Fakenham, Norfolk, schol. Trin. coll. 3 June, 1851, set. 24.
Geo. Aug. Robertson Elliott, schol. S. Joh. coll. b. 27 Oct. 1835, d. 6 Oct. 1855.
Will. Warwicker, b. 18 May, 1790, d. 29 Oct. 1861.
The registers record the following interments :
Tho. Smith, B.A. fell. Cai. coll. 23 March, 1561.
Mr. Parker, fell. Cai. coll. 12 Apr. 1573.
Mr. Radolphe, conduct. Trin. coll. 12 Jul. 1583.
Mr. Hutton the anatomist of Cai. coll. 6 Apr. 1601.
Matt. Warren, Cai. coll. 21 June, 1603.
Andr. Osborn, Trin. coll. 22 Jul. 1603.
Phil. Crane, Trin. coll. 22 Sept. 1606.
Hen. Jackson, aid. 18 Feb. 1606.
Hen. Scarbrowe, Cai. coll. 6 Apr. 1609.
Ric. Rolfe, Cai. coll. 2 Dec. 1609.
S. MICHAEL. 349
Job. Dickinson, Cai. coll. 26 Mar. 1610.
Will. Tucknye, Trin. coll. 2 Apr. 1610.
Mr. Haman, fell. Cai. coll. 13 Oct. 1616.
Si... Cradock, Trin. coll. 4 July, 1620.
Will. Sheaffe, Trin. coll. 10 Dec. 1620.
— Russell, Cai. coll. 23 Aug. 1622.
Mr. Pile, Cai. coll. 12 June, 1627.
S. Bayly, Cai. coll. 3 Dec. 1633.
Ja. Daniell, Cai. coll. 27 Oct. 1636.
Edw. Rant, Cai. coll. 29 Oct. 1636.
Job. Fann'ion, Cai. coll. 2 Nov. 1636.
Will. Grime, scbol. Cai. coll. 19 March, 1638.
Ant. French, stud. Trin. coll. 16 May, 1639.
Job. Blomfield, B.A. Cai. coll. 21 Feb. 1639.
Mr. Bogin, Trin. coll. 1660.
Philip Castleton, fell. com. Cai. coll. 8 July, 1663.
Burton, stud. Cai. coll. 1663.
Job. Ekins, stud. Trin. coll. 8 July, 1664.
Edm. Fox, stud. Cai. coll. 27 Dec. 1669.
Arth. Berners, stud. Cai. coll. 4 Dec. 1670.
Will. Lurking, Cai. coll. 6 July, 1670.
Job. Robinson, fell. Cai. coll. 1 July, 1673.
Job. Wells, stud. Trin. coll. 22 Aug. 1675.
Job. Trenchard, stud. Trin. coll. 25 Aug. 1675.
Geo. Burlt, stud. Trin. coll. 7 Apr. 1676.
Job. Raynbird, stud. Trin. coll. 25 April, 1676.
Rob. Sherringam, M.A. fell. Cai. coll. 2 May, 1678.
Dyraoke Wyndus, stud. Trin. coll. 17 Sept. 1 678.
Will. Barker, stud. Trin. coll. 23 Oct. 1678.
Job. Tristram, stud. Trin. coll. 20 Sept. 1679.
Job. Ives, stud. Cai. coll. 28 Dec. 1679.
Tho. Fowler, fell. Sid. coll. 13 Sept. 1680.
Si. Bagge, fell. Cai. coll. 6 Feb. 1682.
Rob. Shelton, stud. Cai. coll. 12 May, 1682.
Hen. Muriell, stud. Trin. coll. 12 June, 1682.
Capt. Rob. Muriell, 8 Sept. 1682.
Will. Spencer, fell. Cai. coll. 19 Sept, 1682.
Rob. Gilbert, stud. Cai. coll. 21 Nov. 1682.
Purbeck Richardson, Trin. coll. [esq. bedel] 28 Mar. 1683.
350 S. MICHAEL.
Geo. Glascock, stud. Trin. coll. 13 May, 1683. Fra. Shouldham, fell. Cai. coll. June, 1683. Kic. Callum, stud. Trin. coll. 30 March, 1684. Gilb. Hank, stud. Cai. coll. 6 Nov. 1685. Job. Horn, stud. Cai. coll. 21 Oct. 1689. Job. Ekins, stud. Trin. coll. Dec. 1689. Tho. Taylor, stud. Trin. coll. 9 June, 1694. Mic. Payne in Trin. coll. chapel, 7 May, 1695. Sara. Jessop, scholar, Cai. coll. 20 Feb. 1695. Job. Seward, Trin. coll. 21 Dec. 1696. Hen. Jenkes, fell. Cai. coll. 1 Sept. 1697. Jane Flecher a clergyman's widow, 22 Oct. 1698. Job. Billingsley, M.A. in Trin. coll. chapel, 24 Oct. 1698. Tho. Morgan, M.A. 18 Feb. 1699; Will. Morgan, M.D. at Scretborg, Brecknockshire, executor.
Noah Gifford, manciple, S. Job. coll. 1 June, 1700.
Hen. Jennings, clerk, 20 Jul. 1701.
Ja. son of Ja. Hancox, B.A. Cai. coll. 16 May, 1702.
Will. Scott Lacie, schol. Cai. coll. 19 Jul. 1702.
Fra. Hancock, stud. Cai. coll. 13 Nov. 1702.
Ja. Halman, master of Cai. coll. in coll. chapel, 23 Dec. 1702.
Edm. Hall, schol. Trin. coll. 3 Oct. 1704.
Job. Gostlin, M.D. Cai. coll. in coll. chapel, 3 Feb. 1705.
Rob. Ingham, B.A. Cai. coll. 19 Aug. 1705.
Rob. Moor, schol. Trin. coll. 16 Mar. 1706.
Step. Cresser, D.D. in Trin. coll. chapel, 20 Feb. 1710.
Richard Bourn, stud. Trin. coll. 18 Dec. 1710.
Will. Wilby, stud. Trin. coll. 26 Dec. 1710.
Hen. Sike, LL.D. [Regius prof, of hebrew] 28 May, 1712.
Job. Amyas [B.D.] fell. Cai. coll. 15 Jan. 1713.
Nic. Parham, fell. Cai. coll. 7 Feb. 1713.
Phil. Richardson, Trin. coll. 27 Mar. 1718.
Rice Gibbs, stud. Cai. coll. 14 May, 1719.
[Lewkenor] Lestrange [LL.B.] fell. Cai. coll. 19 Aug. 1719.
Job. Hiron, schol. Trin. coll. 3 June, 1721.
[Geo.] Granger, formerly of Trin. coll. 31 Jan. 1724.
Tho. Baker, stud. Trin. coll. 11 May, 1725.
Rob. Staples, stud. Trin. coll. 19 Dec. 1725.
Job.Lightwin, M.A. pres.Cai. coll. in coll. chapel, 17 June, 1729.
S. MICHAEL. 351
Phillip Farewell, D.D. 11 Dec. 1730. Signer Perigrini, 1 Aug. 1735.
Cains college(o) and a considerable part of Trinity college are within this parish, within which were also Borden hostel, (6) S. Catharine's hostel, (c) Garret
(a) Caius college almshouses (see p. 171) which occupy ninety-eight square yards, have been recently exchanged with the sanction of the charity commissioners, for a piece of land containing three hundred and ninety-two square yards near S. Paul's parsonage. It appears from the notice pub- lished on the subject, that the will of Reginald Elie, the founder, is dated 1 April, 30 Hen. VIII. [1539].
(6) Borden hostel was doubtless so called from its having been originally built of timber.
We consider it highly probable that it is identical with Ely hostel, which was used at one period for the reception of monks of Ely studying in this university.
By letters patent 7 May, 26 Hen. VI. [1448], the provost and scholars of King's college were empowered to grant to the master and fellows of Clare hall (in exchange) Borden hostel in the parish of S. Michael, with a lane or passage from that hostel to the high street, opposite the house of the friars minors, which hostel and lane had formerly belonged to the prior and convent of Ely.
Rowland Taylor, LL.D. who suffered martyrdom at Aldham common, near Hadleigh, in Suffolk, 8 Feb. 1554-5, was sometime principal of this house, which appears to have been for the most part or exclusively appro- priated to students in the canon and civil law.
In 1556, it was an inn called the White Swan, in the occupation of Ralph Bikerdike, alderman. The close pertaining to it extended south- wardly to the boundary of this parish adjoining that of the Holy Trinity.
In a conveyance of the White Swan, dated 1564, it is said to have been formerly two messuages, one called Clare hall tenement, otherwise Borden hostel, and the other Peterhouse tenement. On the south it was bounded in part by the tenement late of Simon Trewe, formerly called Paul's inn.
A conveyance of part of the White Swan, dated 1570, describes it as bounded on the north by the tenement or inn called the Blue Boar.
In 1652, Elizabeth Newton and others conveyed to John Chater and Margaret his wife a parcel of ground late part of a close, sometime an orchard, belonging to Borden hostel in S. Michael's parish, and abutting on Green street towards the south.
(c) S. Catharine's hostel was on the western side of Trinity street. In Carter's time the site of this hostel was occupied by the houses of Thomas York, alderman, and Thomas Burrowes, esquire bedel.
352 S. MICHAEL.
hostel, (a) S. Margaret's hostel, (4) Oving's inn,(<0 a portion of Paul's inn, w Physwick hostel, (e) Newmarket or S. Gregory's hostel, ^ Tiled hostel, ^ and S. William's hostel.(A)
The town bridge over the Cam known as Garret hostel bridge, is situate wholly or principally in this parish.
This bridge was rebuilt in 1591, 1646, 1769, (from a design by Mr. James Essex) and 1821,
(a) Garret hostel, so called from a conspicuous garret or solar (see Vol. I. 23), belonged to Michaelhouse, and was enlarged about 1455 (see Vol. II. 226.) It now forms part of Trinity college, Bishop's hostel having been erected on or near the site.
John Vaughan, a friend of Erasmus, occurs in 1503, as principal of Garret hostel. In the following year he is termed principal of S. William's hostel.
(b) See Vol. I. 106.
(c) See Vol. n. 236, 237. («*) See p. 316.
By deed dated 20 Jan. 14 Eliz. [1571-2], Isaac Barrow, M.D. and Ann his wife, released to Alexander Raie, alderman, all their right in a messuage or tenement formerly called Paul's inn, situate in the parishes of S. Mary near the market and S. Michael, and by another deed dated 4 Oct. 17 Eli*. Q1575], aid. Raie and Elizabeth his wife, and John Edmonds, draper, and Catharine his wife released to William Burwell, vintner, their right in the forefront or forepart of a messuage formerly called Paul's inn. A prolix description concludes with a statement that all the premises are situate in the parish of Blessed Mary the virgin near the market.
(e) See Vol. I. 105, 106 ; Vol. II. 236, 237.
(/) Of Newmarket hostel, also sometimes called S. Gregory's hostel, Robert Knight, M.A. occurs as principal in 1512. Its site was in or before 1542, converted into a garden pertaining to Michaelhouse, (see Vol. II. 228.)
(ff) Tiled hostel is supposed to have been between the hostels of S. Margaret and S. Catharine, and to have had an entrance in the lane between Gonville hall and Physwick hostel.
Caius says it took its name from John Tyler, once its proprietor. It is more probable that it was called Tiled hostel, from its roof being of tile.
(h) Of S. William's hostel, we know only that John Vaughan was the principal in 1504. It is not unlikely that it was merely another name for Garret hostel.
S. MICHAEL. 353
(having fallen down nine years before). The present handsome structure of iron was erected by the But- terley company in 1837, at a cost of £960. 16s. 6of. of which sum £612. 2s. was subscribed. Trinity hall gave £250; Trinity college £150; and Caius college £50.
As to the eastern approach to the bridge, we find that the prior and convent of Anglesey on Friday the eve of the apostles Peter and Paul [28 June], 26 Hen. VI. [1448], granted to the king a garden called Henably, between Trinity hall on the south and Garret hostel on the north, abutting at the east head upon Milnestrete and at the west head upon Kingesdiche. The king by a charter dated 15 March in the 33rd year of his reign [1454-5], granted the same garden to the mayor bur- gesses and commonalty of the town, for a common passage or way for the commonalty of the town from Milnestrete to the water called the Ree. This grant was in part recompense of land or soil called Strawlane, otherwise Salthithelane, granted to the king by the town for the enlargement of King's college.
Portions of the Rose tavern and the Angel inn(0) appear to have been situate in this parish.
On the northern side of Green street the pres- byterians had a meeting-house in 1696, and for many years subsequently. (6) From the changes which
(a) See p. 317.
(b) See pp. 216, 217.
John Gumming, D.D. was at one period minister of this congregation. In 1716 he removed to the Scotch church, Founder's hall, London. He was a noted controversialist, and whilst in Cambridge published Remarks on
VOL. III. A A
354 S. MICHAEL.
have taken place, it is now difficult to ascertain the exact site of this meeting-house, but it is be- lieved that it stood partly in this parish and partly in the adjoining parish of Alt Saints.
Dr. Bentley's fifth of November sermon. His death occurred 7 Sept. 1729, at the age of 44.
Richard Jones, a pupil of Dr. Doddridge, was for several years minister of this congregation. From 1763 to 1769 he was minister of the presby- terian congregation, Crosby square, London. He then became minister of a congregation atPeckham, and died in 1800, having published an Essay on Friendship with God, and some sermons.
John Stittle, a person of much celebrity in his day, preached here above 30 years. He died 22 July, 1813, set. 87, (see p. 242).
L
3
'tJI M;
354 & MIC}!
have taken pliujt*, scertain
tlub *>tut*t 4te of this use, but it is be-
in this parish and partly '* a of Alt Saiiii
ber sermon. T His death occurred 7 Sept. f
d ,•::'! of Dr. Doddridge, was for several years m"
:• :i. From 1763 to 1769 he was minister of the presby-
o* . Crosby squar He then became minister of
/efe \shii >
>b~ • 'in of much celel.: day, preached here above
•50 years. He died 22 July, 1813, set. 87, (*ee p.
MESS" FOSTERS BANK,
TRINITY STREET. S. MICHAEL'S.
S. PETER.
To distinguish this church from that once called S. Peter's by Trumpington gates, now S. Mary the Less, it was anciently termed S. Peter's by the castle and occasionally S. Peter's beyond the bridge and S. Peter's on the hill.
In 1254, the church was valued at five marks yearly. It was soon afterwards appropriated to the priory of Barnwell. On the dissolution of that house it came to the crown. Queen Elizabeth granted it to the see of Ely.
The church was dedicated to S. Peter and S. Paul by a commission dated 3 Aug. 1349.
On 19 March, 1461-2, John Hessewell, mayor, Robert Garland, draper, William Lolleworth and Greoffrey Fyssher, bailiffs, and six other inhabitants
AA2
356 S. PETER.
of the town, appeared before William Gray, bishop of Ely, in the chapel of S. Mary near the cathedral of Ely, to answer to a charge of having violently taken Henry Akenborough (a native of the diocese of Worcester) from the cemetery of this church, whither he had fled demanding the immunities of the church. The bishop having examined them severally, they submitted themselves to his correc- tion, whereupon he absolved them from the penalty of excommunication which they had ipso facto in- curred, and enjoined them that they should on the following day, about 10 o'clock, take Akenborough from the Tolbooth, and convey him with all his goods, by the midst of the market, to the cemetery and church whence he had been taken.
The great and important gild of S. Peter and S. Paul was held in this church, (oj and we find mention before the reformation of chapels of B. V. Mary and S. Saviour.
Will. Dowsing has left the following account of his proceedings here :
At Peter's Parish, Decemb. 30, 1643.
We brake downe 10 Popish Pictures. We tooke of 3 Popish Inscriptions of Prayers to be made for there Soules, & burnt the rayles, digged up the steps & they are to be levelled by Wednesday.
It was found by inquisition 23 Oct. 1650, that this parish had neither parsonage impropriation nor vicarage, and the commissioners for providing main- tenance for preaching ministers recommended that it should be united to S. Giles's.
(a) Copies of the statutes are in MS. Baker, xxv. 361 ; xxxvi. 165. Extracts in Cambridge Portfolio, 298.
S. PETKJL
>f queen Anne's bounty have
loll owing
.7«6U-..the-
was : rials
'
-
• •
-
(e) H». lw-* E»«r> th^ ffTP't^m -sretsitm, WM of opinion that the
V'!f *it^ ..f c r:jr-*n U (<T; THi> icnt •* ;m|fT»»«a -'.W-.'^M, x^. j?!. S?, fig. 4; and in
' • ••*" • -.^STK.
S. PETER. 357
The governors of queen Anne's bounty have augmented the benefice by the following grants : £200 in 1731; £200 in 1750; £200 in 1753; and £200 in 1787.
In 1749 the church was disused. In 1760 the roof dropt in and the windows were demolished. A brief for rebuilding was issued in 1773. It was actually rebuilt in 1781, many of the old materials being employed.
The fabric which is without aisles, (a) is only 41ft. 4 in. in length. There is a neat tower with a short but not inelegant steeple. (6) The south doorway is a double semicircular arch, standing out from the wall with intermediate borders of tri- partite ornament sparingly laid on. The west window and the belfry arch are good specimens of the decorated and perpendicular styles respec- tively. Remains of roman bricks or tiles are found within the walls. (c)
The font is very curious, a square basin being surrounded with four rudely executed human figures, terminating in serpents. (d] It stands on a made-up pedestal.
The church is used four times a week. On other
(a) There was formerly a south aisle.
(6) On the steeple was formerly a weathercock, with the letters A. P. A. P. It is said that these were affixed to indicate the mutability in religious matters of the famous Dr. Andrew Perne, Dean of Ely, being taken to mean Andrew Perne a papist, or Andrew Perne a pro- .testant, or Andrew Perne a puritan.
(c) Mr. James Essex, the eminent architect, was of opinion that the church occupied the site of a roman temple.
(d) This font is engraved in Archceologia, xvi. pi. 37, fig. 4 ; and in Lysons' Cambridgeshire. .
358 S. PETEE.
occasions the parishioners resort to the immediately adjacent church of S. Giles. S. Giles's and S. Peter's have been held by the same clergyman for three centuries or more, but are nevertheless essentially distinct benefices.
MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS. (a)
In the church.
*Joh. de Cambridge, 6 May, 1386.
*Rob. Wynne of Magd. coll. son of Rob. Wynne of Dyffrin Aled, Denbighsh. esq. 13 Jul. 1745, set. 19.
Tho. Smith, 5 June, 1696, ag. 31; Tho. and Isabel his parents; Mary his sister; Sarah his wife; and Sarah their daughter.
Tho. Smith, aid. 27 May, 1759, set. 70.
In the churchyard.
*Pet. Betson, aid. 17 Sept. 1709, aet. 68.
*Mary Betson, bur. 5 Jan. 17...
*Hen. Aymes, 17 Sept. 1713.
*Tho. Townsend, 11 Feb. 1714-15, set. 37.
*Marg. Love, wid. 22 April, 1716, ag. 67.
*Edw. Townsend, 28 Dec. 1733, ag. 53.
Joh. Wood, solicitor, 16 Feb. 1813, ag. 52 ; Grace his wife, dau. of Joh. Hemmington of Denny abbey, 30 Nov. 1812, ag. 50.
About 1840, the late rev. Henry Hutchinson Swinny, then vicar of the parish, projected the re- erection of this church in a handsome style corre- sponding to the commanding site and its many antiquarian associations. A design by A. Salvin, esq. was published.
The following donations have been made to the poor: Thomas Ellys, pikemonger, by will in 1593,
(a) Those marked with an asterisk are not now visible.
S. PETER. 359
6s. 8d. per annum ; Isaac Barrow of Wicken, by deed in 1617, a yearly rent charge of £1. 6s. 8d. ; James Saunders and wife, by deed in 1679, houses and land then worth £6. a year.
Portions of S. John's and Magdalen colleges are within this parish.
The Pickerel inn is believed to be of great antiquity, but we have not met with any mention of it before 1676. The Cross-Keys contains re- mains of old carving of considerable excellence. (a)
Within this parish and the . parishes of Girton and Impington was a hamlet called Howes, which had a free chapel.
(a) See Cambridge Portfolio, 361, 509.
EXTERIOR, 1841.
HOLY SEPULCHRE.
THE church of the Holy Sepulchre and S. Andrew is commonly called the church of the Holy Sepulchre merely. In former times it was frequently denomi- nated the church of the Holy Sepulchre in the Jewry, from its being in that part of the town where the jews resided. (a) It is also termed the Round church, it being one of the four ancient english churches of that form.(6)
(a) See p. 198.
(5) The others are the Temple church, London, S. Sepulchre's, North- ampton, and Little Maplestead, Essex. See observations on the origin and antiquity of round churches, and of the round church at Cambridge in particular, by James Essex, F.S.A. in Archaeologia, 71. 163. Mr. Essex's paper has considerable merit, but as regards some of the facts connected •with the history of this church, he was not sufficiently informed.
XXTHUOB, 1M1.
>nomi-
HOLY SEPULCHRE.
THE church Is comru iper;
jew it I of f!
B. Sepulchre's, North-
tiJPPtt"' i-ng on the origin and
antiquity of rot:. church Vit Cambridge in
particular, by Jamn E«wx, F.S.A. in Archaeoi • fj3. Mr. Essex's
paper has considerahle merit, but as regards some of the facts connecter! •ith the history of this church, he was not sufficiently informed.
wry,
I church, mciei usli churches
HOLY SEPULCHRE. 361
It has been suggested, first, that it was originally a Jewish synagogue, secondly, that it belonged to the Knights Templars. We are well persuaded that there is no kind of foundation for either conjecture.
We have also seen a statement that it was con- secrated in 1101, but for this we can find no authority.
At a very early period it was appropriated to the prior and convent of Barnwell a vicarage, of which they were the patrons, being endowed. Geoffrey de Alderhethe occurs as vicar in 1272.
We have elsewhere(a) noticed the foundation by William Toylet, of a chantry in the chapel of S. Mary within this church, to be served by a brother of S. John's hospital, a duty which was transferred to one of the fellows when the hospital was converted into a college. (6) By a charter, dated Sunday after S. Valentine the martyr, 1313, Richard de Hokyngton, chaplain, and Nicholas Jacob of Harleton, for the weal of the soul of John de Shelford, deceased, and of the souls of his father and mother, &c. granted to Nicholas de Harleton, chaplain, 28 acres of arable land and certain annual rents in Cambridge and Grantchester, for the susten- tation of a fit chaplain celebrating in this church. On the death or cession of Nicholas de Harleton, his successors were to be appointed from time to time by the vicar and four of the elder and better parishioners, or should they not agree, by the arch- deacon of Ely(c).
(a) Vol. II. 6Q. (J) Ibid. 72.
(c) MS. Baker, xxx. 147. In 1553, a pension of £2. 6s. 8d. was paid to Richard Ernam as late incumbent of S. Sepulchre's chantry.
362 HOLT SEPULCHRE.
Here was a gild of S. Etheldreda, and we find mention of the lights of the Sepulchre, S. Nicholas, S. Etheldreda, B. V. Mary, and of the rood or crucifixion.
The church in 1254 was valued at one mark only. In Pope Nicholas's taxation made about 1291, the prior of Barnwell was rated 6s. 4d. for a pension out of this church. In a return to Fordham, bishop of Ely, made in 1402, this church is estimated at 100 shillings. In the valor of Henry VIII. made in or soon after 1534, the vicarage is returned at £6. 11*. Od.
At the dissolution of monasteries the vicarage came to the crown, although no steps appear to have been taken to assert the right, and the church has long been treated as a perpetual curacy in the gift of the parishioners.
Will. Dowsing who put in execution the icono- clastic ordinance of parliament, visited this church 3 Jan. 1643-4, and thus records his proceedings :
Pulchers or Round Parish, Jan. 3, 1643. We brake down 14 Superstitions Pictures & divers Idolatrous Inscriptions, and one of God y* Father & of Xt. & of y* Apostles.
In the inquisition taken 23 Oct. 1650, before commissioners for providing maintenance for preach- ing ministers, the jury found as follows:
The Parishe of St. Sepulchres have neither Parsonage, Yiccaridge, Impropriacion or Donative.
That they have neither Minister nor Preacher, nor have had these eight years.
The commissioners recommended that this parish should be united to S. Clement's.
HOLT SEPULCHRE. 363
In augmentation of the benefice, the governors of queen Anne's bounty made the following grants : £400 in 1784; £200 in 1785; £200 in 1788; £200 in 1791; and £200 in 1816. In 1785, the rev. George Gaskin also gave £100; and the trustees of Mrs. Pyncombe's charity £100 for the same purpose.
Amongst the incumbents we find William Bucken- ham, D.D. master of Gonville hall; Thomas Alcock, LL.D. archdeacon of Ely and master of Jesus college; Abraham Wkeelock, professor of arabic; James Duport, D.D. dean of Peterborough, master of Mag- dalen college and Regius professor of greek; John Edwards, D.D. of S. John's college; Samuel Ogden, D.D. Woodwardian professor; and James Fawcett, B.D. Xorrisian professor of divinity.
On 24 Xov. 1823, came on an election of a perpetual curate by the parishioners, the votes being rev. Hastings Robinson, M.A., fellow and tutor of S. John's college, 36 ; rev. Richard Rowland Faulkner, of the same college, 34 ; and rev. Francis Russell Hall, B.D. fellow of the same college, 14. Mr. Faulkner instituted proceedings in the court of King's bench, and after a trial at the assizes, that court held the election void, the votes having been taken by ballot, and in consequence of the rejection of the votes of parishioners whose church-rates were unpaid. Even- tually Mr. Faulkner was appointed perpetual curate, and he now holds the office, having taken the degree of B.D. in 1826.
In September, 1841, a part of the circular aisle had fallen in, and repairs of the ordinary kind were
36-i HOLY SEPULCHRE.
EXTEKIOR, 1814.
commenced by the parishioners. The Cambridge Camden society then stepped in with a view of saving the ancient and interesting fabric from a restoration manifestly insufficient and inappropriate. Anthony Salvin, esq. was employed by the society as architect, and a committee was appointed, the chairman being the ven. Thomas Thorp, B.D. arch- deacon of Bristol, the president of the society.
The following detailed statement of the alterations made by the society, will clearly shew their nature and extent, and the previous condition of this most interesting structure : —
1. The upper story of the circular tower, containing four bells, removed, and a new stone vault, with conical roof, built.
2. The clerestory windows restored to the original Norman form, after the model of one remaining.
3. The triforium cleared of gallery and thoroughly restored.
HOLY SEPULCHRE. 365
4. The piers underpinned, and strengthened with concrete, thoroughly repaired, and based on circular plinth of stone.
5. The vaulting of the circular aisle, and the exterior roofing, reconstructed.
6. The aisle walls repaired, rebuilt where the fall had taken place, and four Norman windows restored in place of the in- serted windows.
7. The whole area of the round part, and the external walls within and without, bedded in concrete : the area paved with encaustic tiles.
8. The vaulting aad walls of the circular part plaistered, and the whole interior prepared for decorated painting.
9. A new stone font, with carved oak cover, placed in the ancient usual place.
10. The west doorway repaired and restored, and new oak doors added.
11. The whole of the church within and without dressed and pointed.
12. All the windows of the round part, twelve in number, filled with stained glass.
13. The chancel, with the exception of one arch, and the wall above it, entirely rebuilt ; the north aisle, with the ex- ception of the entrance arch (from the west) rebuilt and extended eastward and flush to the east wall of the chancel (including the space formerly occupied by a vestry) ; a new south aisle of equal dimensions with the enlarged north aisle added, and a turret for two bells, including a vestry in the lower stage, added at the north-west angle of the north aisle.
14. The chancel arch rebuilt and contracted, and a stone pierced screen added above it.
15. The chancel roof repaired and beautified, the roof of the north chancel-aisle repaired, beautified, and lengthened by one bay to the east ; and new outer roofs, of high pitch, with gable crosses, added to both.
16. The new aisle furnished with a high roof of the same kind, so constructed as to leave room for an inner carved roof.
17. The east window filled with stained glass, and the other windows of the chancel re-glazed temporarily with plain glass.
366 HOLY SEPULCHRE.
18. The walls plaistered and prepared uniformly with the round part.
19. The whole of the pavement laid with glazed and encaustic tiles.
20. A new communion table, and a credence table, of stone, erected at the east end, and a new pulpit and reading-desk of carved oak set up.
21. The whole area of the north and south aisles filled with carved oak open seats ; by which ample accommodation is provided for the parish, and the loss of seats in the round part, which is now vacant, more than compensated.
22. The chancel in like manner filled up with longitudinal seats, so as to admit of alteration in the event of the arches being sometime fitted with their screens.
The cost of the new works much exceeded £4000, nearly the whole of which was raised by subscription.
A faculty for the alterations applied for by the churchwardens, was opposed by Mr. Faulkner the incumbent, so far as it included a stone altar(a) and credence table. The case was heard in the hall of Trinity hall, 25 July, 1844, before the rev. John Henry Sparke, M.A. chancellor of the diocese of Ely, who decreed the faculty as prayed. Mr. Faulkner thereupon appealed to the court of arches, and sir Herbert Jenner Fust, LL.D. the dean of that court, on 31 January, 1845, reversed the decision of the court below with costs, being of opinion that the stone altar was not a communion table within the meaning of the ecclesiastical law which did not authorize the erection of a credence table.
The faculty was modified in compliance with this
(a) A view of the so-called stone altar is given in A statement of parti- culars connected with the restoration of the Round Church, by the Chair- man of the Restoration Committee. Carnb. 8vo. 1845.
HOLY SEPULCHRE.
367
INTERIOR, 18-11.
decision, and the stone altar and credence table were removed, a carved communion table of wood being substituted for the former. The church was re-opened 10 Aug. 1845, when sermons were preached by the rev. John Graham, D.D. master of Christ's college, afterwards bishop of Chester, and the rev. James Scholefield, M.A. Regius professor of greek.
The entire length of the fabric from east to west is 78 feet; the round part is 55 feet in diameter; and the chancel and its side aisles are 57 feet in width.
The western doorway is a fine example of the early norman semicircular arch, having good mouldings embellished with zigzag or cheveron ornaments.
The timber roofs of the chancel and its aisles are excellent.
The east window is filled with stained glass by
368 HOLY SEPULCHRE.
Williment representing the crucifixion, S. Mary the virgin and S. John the evangelist.
Of the eight stained glass windows in the cleres- tory five represent the Holy Lamb, the Boy bishop, S. Etheldreda, the pelican, and venerable Bede. The Boy bishop was the gift of the late Mr. Edward Litchfield, for many years one of the churchwardens.
The following are the subjects of the stained glass windows, in the circular aisle, (1) The entombment and the resurrection (Wailes), (2) The baptism of St. John Baptist (Williment), (3) Our Saviour in judgment, with evangelistic symbols (Wattes), (4) St. Michael and an angel with six wings (Wattes). The windows by Wailes were the gift of the late Rev. Samuel Wilkes Waud, M.A., fellow of Magdalen college.
MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS. (0)
In the church.
*Joh. Brakin, gent. 1674, aet. 19 (son of Job. Brakin, esq. interred in chancel of Lolworth, 1669).
*Mary, wife of Will. Adams, surgeon, 1688.
*Brampton Lowry, printer, 1716, ag. 63.
Sam. Ogden, D.D. b. 28 Jul. 1716, d. 23 March, 1778.
Job. and Deborah Sparke, 1772. Erected by their only child Deborah, wife of Geo. Ashby of Hazelbeach, North- ampton, esq.
Rene Labutte, a native of Laval, and teacher of the French language in this univ. 18 Apr. 1790, ag. 77 ; Mary his wife 18 Jan. 1808, ag. 82.
In the old churchyard.
*Joh. Lowry, gent, [sometime M.P.] bur. 18 Jul. 1669. Jonath. Sharp, organist, S. Job. coll. 13 Sept. 1794, ag. 48 J Sarah his wife, 27 Oct. 1808, ag. 66.
(a) Those marked with an asterisk are not now visible.
368
, S. Mary ngelist.
indows in the ck .
Holy Lamb, the Boy bishop,
•an, and venerable Bede. The
yift of the late Mr. Edward
iany years one of the churchwardens.
• ing are the subjects o/ .ined glass
, in the circular ai nent
and the resurrection ( Wailes ,. u of
St. John Baptist (Williment), viour iu
judgment, with evangelistic symb> : ) St.
Michael and an angel with six wings (Wailes). The
A indows by Wailes were the gift of the late Rev.
;el Wiikes Waud, M.A.? fellow of Magdalen
college.
MOK fTMENTAL INSCRIPTION-
,
*Joh, Brtak: interred iu ch *Mary, .
only
' azelbeach, > amp!
it« • teacher of the Fi
'" if' .g. 77 ; Mary hi-
"rchyard.
oh. I^JWTT, gent, [sometime M.P.] bur. 18 Jul. 1669. <5onath. Hliarp, organist, S. Joh. coll. 13 Sept. 1794, ag. 4df bis wife, 27 . ag. 66.
(a) Those marked with an a«terisk are not now visible.
HOLY SEPULCHRE. 369
Will. Vitty [solicitor], 28 Dec. 1805, set. 73.
Elizab. Murray, wife of capt. Job. Murray, adjutant 1st batallion Cambr. Volunteers, b. near Birr, King's co. Ireland, d. in Cambr. 16 Feb. 1806, ag. 36.
Fra. Sharp [solicitor], 3 Dec. 1814, ag. 37.
Eic. Brewin Coe, solicitor, 21 March, 1815, ag. 40.
Eic. Clarke, 4 May, 1836, ag. 79; Mary his wife, 21 Aug. 1828, ag. 75 ; Mary their only child, relict of rev. Ja. Foulkes Eoberts, 24 Jul. 1849, ag. 55.
Hen. Stapylton Bree, Trin. coll. 14 May, 1836, ag. 28.
In the new churchyard. Job. Brown/0) 21 Aug. 1863, ag. 67.
The following gifts have been made to the poor of this parish : William Synderton, alderman, by will, 1544, to be yearly distributed at his dirge 9s. 4J. ; John Graves, by will, 1666, ten bushels of coals yearly; sir Robert Tabor, M.D. 1677, 40s.; James Duport, D.D. 1679, £10.; James Lowry of Peterborough, mer- chant, by will, 1710, £5. per annum; Thomas Greaves, alderman, by will, 1750, 125. a year ; George Sharp, turner, clerk of the parish, by will, 1785, £5.
The Hoop hotel in this parish has long enjoyed celebrity.(6) The Ram, now a small inn, northward of the church, is mentioned in 1522, and was probably once a house of importance, for in 1595, Robert Brudenell, esq., kept his shrievalty there.
The Cambridge Union society (c) is now erecting spacious and elegant rooms immediately adjoining the south eastern end of the church.
(a) Author of " Gleanings from Life's Harvest."
(6) "Onward we drove beneath the Castle; caught
While crossing Magdalene Bridge, a glimpse of Cam;
And at the Hoop alighted, famous Inn."
WORDSWORTH'S Prelude, Book iii. (c) See p. 187.
VOL. III. BB
HOLY TEINITY.
IN 1174, a dreadful fire consumed this church and damaged most of the others in the town then constructed of wood.
The church was afterwards given to the abbey of West Dereham in Norfolk, (a) by William de Yarmouth, of Cambridge, vintner. It was appropriated to the abbat and convent, a vicarage of which they were the patrons being endowed.
Thomas Arundel, bishop of Ely, on 16 July, 1376, granted his license to the vicar and parishioners to change the feast of dedication (which then fell in the time of Sturbridge fair, when the parishioners were much occupied with the business thereby occa- sioned) to the 9th of October.
In 1530, a dispute arose between the vicar and parishioners as to the mode of electing the parish officers. (6) Dr. Cliffe, chancellor of the diocese, on hearing all parties made an order, that from 14 April, 1531, the election should be made by six persons, namely, two named by the churchwardens, two
(a) This house which was of the Premonstatensian order, was founded on the feast of the assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, 1188, by Hubert Walter, then dean of York, afterwards bishop of Salisbury, and ultimately archbishop of Canterbury.
(6) At this period there were annually elected two wardens of the church, two wardens of the Sepulchre light, two wardens of the Crucifix light, two wardens of S. Erasmus's light, two wardens of S. George's light, and two wardens of our Lady's light. The latter were women.
TRIXI I 1174. d£aLfij- .1 this church
-
R town then •• of wood.
The church was aftei of
West Dereham in Norf< of Cambf idgo, vintner. It TV
id convent, a vicr ^ere*
the patrons being endowed.
\vundel, bishop of My, on 16 Jy\\ his license to tho Violftr'and-^
of dec! (which tlien -f;-
«'Mdgc fair^ -wh - •
i
i
v
1: .'.:' uitimfJ
{*} At t .uualiy elected two wardens oi
rburcb. two wwdens . ilchre light, two wardens of the Cruci6x
Jiglit, two warden of s light, two wardens of S. George's, light :
H.nd two WD djr't light. The latter were women.
HOLY TEINITT. 371
by the four auditors and two by the other four nominees. (a)
The church was visited by William Dowsing, 25 Dec. 1643. He says:
We brake downe 80 Popish Pictures & one of Xt. & God the Father above.
In the inquisition of Oct. 1650, relative to preach- ing ministers, it was found that this parish had a vicarage house worth about 40s. per annum, (6) that the parishioners had no settled minister or other maintenance for a minister but the said forty shillings per annum. The commissioners recommended that Great S. Andrew's should be united to this parish, and that the Barnwell part of this parish should be united to Barnwell.
In this church there were gilds of the Trinity, S. George, the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, S. Clement, S. Catharine and S. Ursula and the eleven thousand virgins. We also find mention of images and lights of the Salutation of our Lady, the Sepulchre, the Rood, and S. Erasmus.
A lectureship was established in this church in 1610, but was soon afterwards suppressed for a little time.(c)
Amongst the celebrated vicars, lecturers, and curates of this church, may be mentioned Richard
(a) This mode of election was used in 1572, when the four auditors are called counsellors.
(6) In a deed of 1661, the vicarage house is stated to adjoin an inn called the White Horse, and to be situate in Conduit street or Preacher's street.
(c) Various particulars respecting this lecture may be collected from Cooper's Annals of Cambridge, iii. 138, 168, 229, 467, 485, 526, 527. See also Carus's Life of Simeon.
BB2
372 HOLY TRINITY.
Sibbs, D.D. master of Catharine hall; John Jeffry, D.D. fellow of Pembroke hall ; John Preston, D.D. master of Emmanuel college ; Thomas Goodwin, D.D. president of Magdalen college, Oxford ; Thomas Seignior, fellow of Trinity college; John Edwards, D.D. fellow of S. John's college ; John Warren, D,D. prebendary of Exeter; Thomas Herring, archbishop of Canterbury ; Charles Simeon, M. A. fellow of King's college; Henry Martyn, B.D. fellow of S. John's college ; Thomas Truebody Thomason, fellow of Queens' college ; James Scholefield, Regius professor of Greek; William Carus, M.A. now- canon of Win- chester; and Charles Clayton, M.A. now rector of Stanhope.
On the dissolution of the abbey of West Dere- ham, the patronage of the vicarage devolved on the crown, (a) but at length the crown failing to present, the bishop of Ely as diocesan supplied the cure from time to time by sequestration. Ultimately it came to be considered as a perpetual curacy in the bishop's gift, and by an order of the Queen in council, 27 July, 1863, sanction was given to a scheme prepared by the ecclesiastical commissioners for effecting an exchange between the bishop of Ely and the rev. Alfred Peache, of the patronage of the perpetual curacy of this church, estimated at £160 per annum net, for the rectory of Girton, Cambridgeshire, esti- mated at £435 per annum net, with a house.
(a) The following presentations by the crown may be enumerated : Tho. Godwyn, B.D. 5 Dec. 1633; Ric. Sibbes, D.D. 21 Nov. 1634; Rob. Tourney, B.D. 4 Sept. 1635 ; Job. Howorth, B.D. 13 May, 1636. Rymer's Foedera, xix. 440, 536, 776; xx. 133.
HOLY TRINITY. 373
In 1254, the church was valued at 20s. and the yicarage at 10s. In the taxation of pope Nicholas IV. made about 1291, the abbat of Dereham was taxed 10s. for the rectory. In the valor of Henry VIII. the vicarage is charged at £7. 6s. 8d.
The benefice has been augmented by grants from the governors of queen Anne's bounty as follows : £200 in 1742; £200 in 1751; £200 in 1779; £200 in 1797; £600 in 1811; and £400 in 1812. Mr. Peache, the present patron, in 1864 gave £1000 for the augmentation, to which the ecclesiastical commissioners added the like sum. He has since offered the commissioners another £1000, which is now under their consideration, and it is reported that he intends ultimately to raise the endowment to £600 a year.
The church is cruciform, but the nave only has aisles. At the west end is a tower surmounted with a spire. The tower and spire were much altered about forty-five years since, when whatever beauty they may have possessed, was entirely obliterated by the ignorant craftsmen who were employed.
The porch was not without merit, but its beauty has been greatly impaired by plaster and other tasteless alterations.
The tower opens into the church, the eastern arch was altered from decorated to perpendicular, and great internal buttresses added in consequence of its evident settlement, probably in the sixteenth century.
The pier arches on the south side are decorated ; the clerestory over them and the remainder of the nave and transepts perpendicular.
374
HOLY TRINITY.
The transepts are of great beauty. They have each two heights of windows on the east side. These windows are two five-light windows below, and three three-light windows above. They are varied, and are peculiarly excellent in their execution.
The nave, aisles and transepts have handsome and substantial wooden roofs.
About 1834, the old low vaulted decorated chancel was taken down, and the present more spacious structure erected. We believe no architect was em- ployed. The materials are brick and plaster, the
•
an'dsome" and sub- About 1834, the old low vaulted decorated chancel -V33 taken down, and the present more spacious structure erected. We believe no architect was pkyed. e materials are brick and )
the K?v* C .fan fan's time.
HOLY TRINITY. 375
details being for the most part contemptible. The plaster roof is coloured so as somewhat to resemble the timber roof of the nave. Under the eastern window is an elaborate but somewhat incongruous altar screen. The upper portion of the eastern window came from the old chancel.
The pulpit of artificial stone represented in our woodcut, was erected about the same time as the new chancel.
In 1851, the magnificent stone arches that opened from the crossing of the transepts, were replaced by- huge sprawling substitutes constructed of brick and plaster.
There is an organ gallery at the west end. The almost incomparable transepts and the south aisle are also disfigured by galleries.
One of the lower windows on the eastern side of the south transept contains figures of our Saviour and the four Evangelists. This was erected at the cost of the late Mr. Charles Clay don, butler of Trinity college, to the memory of his parents, Charles and Hannah Clay don, who died in 1809 and 1796. Some of the other windows in this church have stained glass of no kind of excellency.
MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS. (a)
In the church and chancel.
Elizab. Peyton, wid. of Rob. Peyton esq. and eld. dau. of sir Eic. Anderson of Herlfordsh. knt. [26 April 1659, ag. 53].
*Will. Speckes, 1 Dec. 1666 ; Elizab. his wife, 24 Jan. 1693.
Edw. Lawe, gent. aid. and J.P. 30 May 1676; Edw. Lawe gent. Nov. 1682.
(a) Those marked with an asterisk are not now visible.
376 HOLT TRESITT.
Sir Rob. Talbor alias Tabor, knt.H "medicos ahngnlaris, unicos Febrium MaDeus, Garob IT ac Lodoiico XIVs illi M. Ikhtanije, hinc Gaffia? serenis^^
-EGspaniaram ac Indiamm Regime, serenissuno GraHiaram Del- phiiK\ pJurimisqoe Principibas, nee non minoram gentium Doabus, ac Dominb prohatiawi«»r) [bur. 17 MOT. 1681]. His gnnd&tber Ja. Tabor, eaq. regtstrarj of the WUT. 16 JuL 1615; his other, Job. Tabor, eaq. registrar to the bishop of Ely, 10 April, 1645 ; his aunts Etixab. late wife of Matthew Whin, 16 Sept. 1677; and Margaret Tabor who died unmarried 24 NOT. 1631,
Sam. Gonant, JLA. feO. Magd. cofl. Oxford and rector of [Holy Trinity] Dorchester, 18 May, 1706, a*. 30.
•Dorothy, posthumous dan. of Martin Folkes, esq. of Hffling- ton, STor£ and Dorothy hb wife, b. 36 Oct. 1706, d. 1 Oct. 1710.
*Sosan dan. of Sam. Gatward, eaq. and Elizab. his wife, b. 19 OdL 1706, d. 19 Dec. 1707; gam. their son, b. 4 April, 1713, d. 9 May, 1712.
Fra. Percy [ald.^ sometime capt of the mXtia in this town and descended from the ancient and noble family of the Percys of Alnwkk castle, in Northumberland, 6 May, 1711, art. 67; Margaret IDS wife, 20 Sept. 1711, ag. 62. They had 6 sons and 6 dan. Fra. Algernon and Hen. served her majesty aboard die royal nary against France,, the former after many providential and signal deliverances was made capt. of a fourth rate man of war, and the other two died in the service, one against Monsieur Ponti [at Gibraltar] 1705, the other of a maKgnant fever at Lisbon, 1706.
Edw. Warren, 10 June, 1722, ag. 71; Ann hb wife, 22 March, 1734-5, ag. 75; Edw. hb son, 26 Xov. 1734, ag. 48.
PeD March Gatward, son of Pefl Gatward, esq. and Sarah Rowland his wife, 12 MOT. 1735, ag. 5 mo.
Pefl Gatward, esq. J J». son of Sam. a celebrated lawyer/** ed. at Eton and Jes. coD. 27 OdL 1741, act. 32.
m It mmy be added that ke «» »d-
C*) AstDUaspasn.kKaMHtirjud Aur^JMli. «ee CObdL * Gtmt^L £. SH-et, 339- in. 40L
(r) SOL Grtratd vac nnvder of Conbodge 111 1-1741.
HOLY TKINITT. 377
Mary, wife of Job. Porter, 18 Aug. 1747. Will. Mott, aid. 28 Sept. 1772, ag. 78 ; Mary his 2nd wife, 26 Sept. 1755, ag. 74.
Job. Porter, 6 NOT. 1771, art. 71.
Elizab. 43 years wife of Kic. Mee, gent. dan. of sir Job. Jacob, bart of West Wratting, 22 Jan. 1778, ag. 82 ; Ric. Mee, 28 Dec. 1791, ag. 83.
Mary, wife of WilL Jackson, 5 Oct. 1778, act. 40; Wffl. Jackson, apothecary, 19 Feb. 1798, act. 60. Will. Mott, 1785; Susan Mott, 1790.
Mary Ann, ag. 4 years, WUL ag. 10 months, children of Tho. and Rebecca Mott.
Tho. Hnrlstone, of North Cadbnry, Somersetsh. 13 April, 1790, ag. 44.
Tho. Burleigh James, 17 Jan. 1799, act. 14. Will. Wallis, 20 NOT. 1799, ag. 48; Mary his wife, 7 Jan. 1796, ag. 50.
Anne Ind, 11 Dec. 1807, ag. 78; Edw. lad, aid. 7 March, 1808, 33t. 57.
Cha. Claydon, 17 Oct. 1809, ag. 51 ; Hannah his wife, 17 Sept. 1796, ag. 36.
Job. Ingle, 27 Dec. 1809, act 48; Susannah, his wife, 4 March, 1836, art. 76.
This tablet is erected to the memory of the KCT. Henry Martyn, B.D., Fellow of St. John's College and two years Curate of this Parish. He gained by his talents the highest Academical honours; but counting all loss for Christ, he left his native country, and went into the East, as a Chaplain of the Hon. East India Company. There, haTing faithfully done the work of an Evangelist, in preaching the Gospel of a Cruci- fied Redeemer, in translating the Holy Scriptures into the Oriental Languages, and in defending the Christian Faith in the heart of Persia against the united talents of the most learned Mahometans, he died at Tokat on the 16th of October, 1812, in the 31st year of his age. The chief monuments which he left of his piety and talents are Translations of the New Testa- ment into the Hindoostanee and Persian Languages; and by these he, being dead, yet speaketh. — Pray ye the Lord of At harvest, that he will send forth labourers into His harvest.
378 HOLY TRINITY.
Cha. Wagstaff, 15 Jan. 1818, set. 53 j Elizab. his wife, 15 Sept. 1821, ag. 48.
Sacred to the memory of the Rev. T. T. Thomason, M.A. who in 1797 was elected from Magdalen College to be Fellow and Tutor of Queens' College. He was nearly 12 years Curate of this Parish. Knowing nothing either in his ministrations or for the salvation of his own soul, but Jesus Christ and Him Crucified. In 1808 he accepted an appointment as Chaplain to the Hon. E. I. Co. with a special designation to the Mission Church in Calcutta. There he laboured with great success during the space of 18 years, at which time he was constrained to return home for the benefit of his beloved wife, who died on the voyage. After two years residence in Britain, he re- signed his pension and the Church of the Holy Trinity in Cheltenham, not enduring to stay in his own country, whilst his Translation of the Old Testament into Hindoostanee remained unfinished. He therefore returned to his station in Calcutta where alone he could have the assistance of learned natives, but during the voyage he became so ill, that he was constrained to leave Calcutta, and to seek relief in a more genial climate. He however only lived to reach the Mauritius where he died on 22nd of June 1829, aged 55. In Oriental Languages he had few equals. In labours scarcely any man ever exceeded him. In heavenly- mindedness and sanctity of life he was what every Christian Minister should be, a living example of that comprehensive precept " Give thyself wholly to these things." This tablet was erected by his affectionate mother E. Dornford.
Esther, relict of Joseph Dornford, esq. of Deptford road, Kent, 13 Jan. 1835, aet. 82.
In memory of the rev. Cha. Simeon, M.A. sen. fell, of King's coll. and 54 years vicar of this parish who, whether as the ground of his own hopes or as the subject of all his ministrations, determined to know nothing but Jesus Christ and him crucified (1 Cor. ii. 2), b. 24 Sept. 1759, d. 13 Nov. 1836. Erected by the congregation.
Mary Ann, wife of rev. Fred. Hose, M.A. curate, 4 March, 1841, ag. 36.
Elizab. relict of rev. Geo. Paddon, M.A. 22 Dec. 1843, ag. 83. Erected by daughters Elizab. Hills and Jane Purchas.
HOLY TRINITY. 379
Hannah, wid. of Rob. Potts, 7 Feb. 1845, ag. 70.
Will. Jardine Purchas, capt. E.N. 2 Jul. 1848, set. 59 ;(•> Will. Jardine Purchas, his son, 11 April, 1830, set. 7.
Anna Horlick Potts^ wife of Robt. Potts, M.A. of Trin. coll. b. 18 April, 1812, d. 11 Oct. 1852.
In the old churchyard.
*Joseph Purchas, 1721, ag. 48.
Cha. Cotton Risley, stud. S. Joh. coll. 2nd son of rev. Joh. Risley and Sarah Anne his wife, of Tingewicke, Bucks, 5 Jan. 1822, ag. 22.
Will. Metcalfe, printer, 12 Nov. 1824, aet. 54; Julia his wife, 5 Feb. 1845, ag. 73.
Joh. Ingle, 18 Nov. 1833, set. 46; Joseph, 2nd son, 9 Jan. 1839, ag. 17 ; Mary Ann his wife, 16 Sept. 1863, ag. 70.
Adam Fitch, 14 Aug. 1840, set. 63; Theodora his wid. 21 March, 1865, ag. 67.
In the new churchyard.
Ja. Cameron, of Wombwell's Menagerie, No. 2, killed by the beasts, 26 May, 1852, ag. 24.
Isaac Moule, 35 years town crier, 18 Feb. 1854, ag. 77.
Joh. Page, 4 Feb. 1855, ag. 62.
Justinian Adcock [solicitor], 10 Feb. 1856, ag. 40.
Cha. Claydon, 16 Jan. 1860, ag. 71.
Jannette, 4 dau. of late Tho. Orton, esq. of March, b. 26 March, 1809, d. 31 Jan. 1862.
Ja. Martin, 14 May, 1862, ag. 62.
Hen. Walk's, 15 Aug. 1863, ag. 63.
Geoffrey de Repham burgess and apothecary, in 1363 gave by will to his executors four shops and
(a) Capt. Purchas before he entered the navy was of Christ's coll. He was mayor 1828 and 1832. There is a memoir of him in Gent. Mag. N. S. xxx. 205.
(b) Author of a volume of poems.
380 HOLY TKINITY.
a garden in Walls' lane,w charged with finding in this church yearly for ever, a paschale, two pro- cessional copes and two torches ; William Edwards, Doctor of Decrees, vicar, by will, dated 3 Jan. 1478-9, bequeathed a silver pix, and made provision for celebration of divine offices for his soul ; Agues Cope, widow, by will, in 1494, directed services for her soul for twenty years in this church, and gave 20- marks to the south aisle if the parishioners went on with the work ; Emma, wife of Robert Bolton, and widow of Thomas Kent, and widow and exe- cutrix of John Adams, by will, in 1503, charged a messuage, in Cordiners row,(6) with the maintenance of a yearly dirge and mass for the soul of the said John Adams ; Thomas Rede, M.D. by will, dated 16 Aug. 1504, bequeathed money to the high altar and to certain of the gilds in this church, and directed a priest to celebrate here for the souls of himself, his parents and benefactors, for the term of five years; Hugh Chapman, alderman, by will, in 1520, gave £10 towards making the south aisle, and directed his obiit to be kept in this church for
(a) There were two adjacent lanes so called : Little Walls lane (now Sussex street) and Great "Walls lane (now King street). They were so called from abutting on the walls of the friary of S. Francis (now Sidney college). In the above instance Great Walls lane is no doubt intended.
There is reason to belive that the above mentioned property is iden- tical with the estate now belonging to the parish. By a decree of chancery made in 1833 this estate and another in Market street were settled in trust to raise £1000 for the repair of the church and subject to the payment of such sum and interest, the rents and profits to be applied in the repair of the church, the payment of the organist's salary, in pro- viding sacramental bread and wine, and generally in discharge of ex- pences which had then lately been paid out of the church rate, the balance, if any, to be paid to the overseers of the poor.
(b) Also called Shoemaker's row, now Market street.
HOLY TRINITY. 381
twenty years ; Christopher Francke, alderman, by will, in 1558, gave to the corporation booths in Sturbridge fair, for the annual obiit of himself and John Goodwin, sometime one of the bailiffs of the town; Thomas Peacock, B.D. sometime president of Queens' college, in 1563, grunted 20s. a year out of the inn called the Crane, (a) in Shoemaker's row ; John Waley, 'burgess, by will, in 1569, gave 20s. to the poor, and 6s. 8d. for a sermon yearly ; Richard Killing-worth, yeoman, in 1579, erected three alms- houses on a piece of land in this parish, formerly called Doll's close, and now Maids' causeway(6) ; Thomas Ellys, pikemonger, in 1593 gave 6s. Sd. a year to the poor; Thomas Emons of Barnwell, gave 10s. a year to the poor, issuing out of a tenement called Cotton hall in Barnwell; Henry Wray, by will, in 1628, established eight almshouses for the benefit of this parish (c) ; John Austen, by will, in 1645, gave £5 a year payable out of Paradise close in
(a) The Crane was devised by the before mentioned Thomas Rede, M.D. in 1504 to Agnes his wife, who in 1521 paid the corporation 4d. per annum for a common lane from the Market throughout the tenement called the Crane.
The Crane was used as an inn till 1863.
(6) Killingworth had a lease from the corporation for 99 years, at the yearly rent of I2d. on 4 Aug. 1579. Under the lease the right of putting in one of the poor persons was after Killingworth's death to be enjoyed by the mayor and aldermen, and of another by the twenty-four or common council. It does not appear that these rights were ever exercised. The almshouses •were subsequently in the hands of the officers of this parish, to whom 21 year's leases were granted by the corporation 16 Aug. 1654; 29 Sept. 1672; 16 Aug. 1703; 7 Jan. 1723-4; 25 April, 1732; 26 Feb. 1739-40; 29 May, 1747; 26 Aug. 1754 ; 11 Jan. 1763; 24 Aug. 1771. In 1723 the almshouses had been taken down and the rent of the site was raised from I2d. to 7s. Qd.
It was at one time intended that Downing college should have been erected on Dolls close.
(c) See p. 172.
382 HOLY TRINITY.
Grantchester, for a distribution to the poor on S. Thomas's day; John Dixon, in 1696, gave £20 for coals and bread for the poor ; four maidens of this parish are entitled to places in the almshouses, founded under the will of Edward Story{o) ; William Mott, alderman, in 1762, settled £11 a year for two annual sermons in this church, (6) and for distribution to the poor of this and other parishes ; James Bur- leigh, alderman, in 1800, gave an altar-piece; Eliza- beth Goodall, by will, dated 1809, gave money for apprenticing poor children of this parish(c) ; the rev. A. H. Rumboll, curate, (1857-62), gave the glass of three windows.
Southward of the church was a house for legists, known as Trinity hostel. The manciple of this hostel is one of the persons mentioned as entitled to scholars privilege in the schedule, to the great composition between the university and town made in 1503. It is supposed that this hostel ceased to be used for academical purposes about 1540.
Ai the back of the southern side of Green street and in this parish was a chapel, originally occupied by a society of independents, who were succeeded by the Wesleyan methodists, who in 1850, removed to a spacious chapel in Hobson street, also in this parish.
(a) Seep. 176.
(6) Aid. Mott who was a wealthy attorney used to attend these sermons during his life. The first sermon was preached by John Sharp, B.D. fellow of Corpus Christi colL, from this text : " And, behold a certain lawyer stood up, and tempted him saying, Master, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?" (Luke x. 25).
(c) See p. 186.
,
<r;
i >oor ; four maidens of this
to places in the almshouses,
will of Edward Story(a) ; William
• • - Mettled £11 a year for two
in this church, m and for distribution
of this and other parishes ; James Bur-
:ian, in 1800, gav< ; Eliza-
«1, by will, dated ISCfe, ; y for
'•iug poor children of this parish rev.
EL Rumboll, curate, (1857-62), gave the
iree .windows.
Southward of the church was a house for legists, known a>4 Trinity hostel. The manciple of this hostel vof the persons mentioned as entitled to scholars privilege in -the schedule, to 'the great composition . r tho university and town made in 15()n. It in supposed" that this hostel academical purposes ab(m • •At-thr
occupied eded
hy V in 185 removed.
to a spacio; iobson street, also in this
parish.
(c) Seep.
(b) Aid. Mott who was a yrwuthy attorney used to attend these sermons
<i;iring his life. The first sermon was preached by John Sharp, B.D. fellow
•f Corpus Christ! coll., from this text : " And, behold a certain lawyer stood
'ip. and tempted him saying, Master, what shall I do to inherit eternal
' (Luke x. 25).
<e] See p. 186.
HOLY TRINITY. 383
The celebrated prelate Jeremy Taylor, bishop of Down, Connor and Dromore, was born in this parish, (a) and baptised 15 Aug. 1613. His father Nathaniel Taylor, a barber, married at this church Mary Drage, 13 Oct. 1605. He was churchwarden of this parish in 1621, and was buried here 30 Sept. 1630. Mary, his widow, was also buried here 18 Dec. 1631.
(a) See p. 218. The situation of the house in which he was born has not been ascertained.
END OF VOL. III.
CORRECTIONS.
p. 138, line 17, for 1850, Henry Staples Foster, esq., read 1849, Henry Staples
Foster, esq. ; 1850, William Warren, esq. line 23, add 1862, Henry Smith, esq. ; 1863, Henry Hemington Harris, esq. ;
1864, 1865, Swann Hurrell, esq. p. 324, line 25, for 1814, read 1817.
line 34, for Edw. Jon. Aug. read Colonel Job. Octavius, and /or 1850,
read 1855. line 35, for 1850, read 1858.
W. Metcalfe, Printer, Green Street, Cambridge.
University of California
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