DATE DUE 1

UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS
LIBRARY

73

E44

no. 289-384

1913-20

':?f,

i^[

DATE DUE

w r w

GAYLORO

^^'''^^^^^'S^&^'^^^^n^^a^^^^

INTEO IN US A.

<-. ijL>A, „ •> 'i; J..

BULLETIN No. 289.

JANUARY, 1913

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2JJ.^ ft.
Height of Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure, In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 30 41, 13th, iiA.;

14th, 10 A.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 28.25, 3d, 6 p.
Reduced! maximum reading, 30.73, 13th, 11 A.;

14th, 10 A.
Reduced! minimum reading, 28.55, 3d, 6 P.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 30.096

Montlily range, 2.18

♦Air Temperature, In Degrees Falir.

Highest, 59-5. 3d, 2:30 p.

Lowest, ii.o, 9th, 7:30 A.

Mean hourly, 33-6

Mean of means of max. and min 34.2

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 30-2

Monthly range, 4S.5

Highest mean daily, 46.2, iStii

Lowest mean daily, 16.8, 9th

Mean maximum, 43-°

Mean minimum .... 25.3

Mean daily range i7-7

Greatest daily range, 35-5, 12th

Least daily range, 7-o, 4th

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 25.9

Mean force of vapor, 192

Mean relative humidity, 79-0

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, 3-'

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell, ' '5

Total snow in inches 4-°

•Temperature in ground shelter.
Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind,

Total movement, 5359m.

Greatest daily movement, .... 642m., 4th

Least daily movement, 14m., 2d

Mean daily movement, 172 m

Mean hourly velocity, 7.2 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 18.0 lbs. =

60m. per hour, 3d, 3 p., S.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 48 m. per

hour, 3d, 3 P., S.W.
Prevailing Direction, Southwest.
Summary.

West Northwest 13 Per cent

South 10 " "

South Southwest 13"

Southwest 23 "

South Southeast ......... 10 "

Other directions 3' "

Weather,

Mean cloudiness observed, .... 63 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, 115 hrs. =39 per cent.

Number of clear days, 13

Number of fair days, 10

Number of cloudy days, 8

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 179 hrs=6i#.

Rain, 2d, 3d, 5th, fbth, 7th, '8th, nth, 12th,

15th, i6th, 17th, iSth, 2ist, 23d, 27th, 31st.

Snow, 4th, 7th, 23d, 29th.

Hail, 6th, 15th, iSth.

Thunder and Lightning, i8th, 31st.

Days of Sleighing, none.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : 60 m, 3d,

S.W.; 54m , 4th, S.W.; 37m., Sth, W.N.W.;

49 m., i2th, W., 58m.,i8th, W.S.W.; 36 m.,

2ist, W.; 39 m.. 31st, S.S.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperatui

6. Ground Shelter.

B
(«2

a

3

3

"3

S
3

B

3

-Q
4) "3

3 C
0 3

6

B
'S

.T3

£

V

B

£

V

B

0 ri

rt x' c

0) rt.-

>• I-.'

rt 3 rt
u 0 S

en

Q

S

i

SJ5

s

^

S

H

SSS

sxa

S^^

Zra

I

30.28

29.85

30.070

45-5

3P

30.0

12 P

37-7

38.0

31.7

8.2

2

30-3 J

29.78

30.128

43-5

3:30 P

23.5

8:30 A

JilS_

31-9

28.3

8.3

3

29.78

28.55

28.920

59-5

2:30 p

31.5

12 P

45-5

38.5

36.5

3-3

4

29.95

28.68

29468

39-0

5:30 A

32.0

12 P

355

35.1

293

6.5

5

3059

29.95

30.448

36-5

3P

29.0

9A

32-7

32.0

27.7

7.8

6

3056

30.19

30.375

49.0

12 p

31.5

0 A

40.3

37-1

35-3

3-6

7

30.22

30.05

30.192

5[.o

3A

32.0

12 P

41.5

39.5

36-5

0.0

8

30.29

29.64

29.902

35-5

3P

16.0

12 P

25.7

29.5

24.7

0.0

9

30-71

30.29

30.668

26.5

3:30 P

II.O

7:30 A

18.X

16.8

12.0

5-5

10

30-55

30.22

30.366

36.5

2 p

18.0

0 A

27-3

29.0

26.3

8.3

II

30.22

29.79

30 on

43-0

12 P

33.0

0 A

380

38.3

37-7

4.8

12

30.41

29.48

29.902

55-0

11:30 A

195

12 P

37-3

390

35-7

0.0

13

30.73

30.41

30.707

23-0

4 P

13.0

7:30 A

18.0

17.8

14-5

7.8

14

30.73

30-63

30.711

35-0

4 P

14.0

8 A

24.5

23.1

17-5

l-^

15

30.65

30-33

30.479

41.0

3P

25.5

0 A

33-3

33-5

31.3

6.2

16

3033

30.27

30.299

45-5

3P

350

12 P

_40J_

39-3

37.0

5-5

•7

30.31

29.95

30-052

50.0

3:30 P

35-0

0 A

42.5

43-1

42.5

••5

i8

29.95

2955

29.776

51.0

6 P

390

12 P

45.0

46. 2

430

4.0

19

3033

29.71

30.237

41.5

2 P

26.0

12 P

33-7

34-3

28.7

8.7

20

30-36

29-74

30.181

48.0

12 P

24.0

8 A

36.0

35-2

32.7

8.0

21

30.28

29.61

30.094

54.5

4A

23.0

12 P

38-7

37-1

29.7

6.7

22

30.44

30.28

30-373

38.5

3P

19.0

7 A

28.7

27-5

237

8.8

23

30-43

29.79

30.120

45 -o

10:30 P

22.0

5 A

-Jii,

30-9

32.5

0.0

24

30.02

29.79

29.965

42.5

0 A

31.0

12 P

367

37-7

33-3

7.0

25

29.97

29.86

29.911

43-0

3 P

27.0

8a

35.0

33-0

27-3

8.8

26

29.95

29.58

29.805

50.0

3P

27-5

5A

38.7

38-5

33-7

8.0

27

29.69

29.42

29.518

43-0

0 A

25.0

12 P

340

35-7

32.3

1-5

28

30-15

29.69

30.000

32.0

2:30 P

20.5

5 A

26.3

253

21.7

7.2

29

30.38

3015

30.326

30.0

2 P

155

7:30 A

22.7

23.0

19.7

7.0

30

30.20

30.11

30.161

430

3P

25.5

0 A

34-3

332

30.5

8.0

31

30-13

29.48

29 819

56.0

3 P

30.5

2 A

43-3

43.8

44.0

6.7

L:3RARY

UN!VF^*''

TM AT

;1 ? <

:e

I Ai^KiLuvii, iif»nOO.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

sd;

28.0
26.0

325
18.0
21.5
31.0

34-5
12.0

i.o
23.0
370
31-5

9.0
lo.s
29.0
36.0
42.0

395
24.0

30-5
25.0
20.0
31-5

29-5
24.5
28.5

275
15.0
14.5
28.0
430

.194

.164

•234
.199
.170

•233
.228

•153
.088

•157
•233
.242
.094

•113
.191
.229
.275
.300
.171
.216
.188

•137
.198
.207
.159
.224
.203

•131
.118
.179
.310

(u 0) 3

80.5
865
81.5

52-5
68.5
76.5
88,5
60.5

55°
80.5

95 5

79-5
72.0

67.5
84.0
92.0
98.0
835
75-5
84.5

73-5
84.0
92.0
79.0
845

73-5
78.0
68.5

75-5
85.0

93-5

Wind.

Precipitation.

h

Total in

^c

S 3 o-

4>

0.

6J1

S

"2

be

Inches.

Bo

'c3 0

> 0)

D 1-

3>i

HS.S

rt S I.

r:3 0

S
H

a
'Ei

V

m

■5

c
W

0

c

W.N.W.

121

1-5

17

3 P

N.N.E.

14

0.0

II P

12 P

T

S.

290

18.0

60

3P

0 A

1:30 P

•55

s.w.

642

14-5

54

3P

II A

I P

T

T

W.N.W.

196

1-5

17

4A

II P

12 P

.01

E.S.E.

20

0.0

0 A

I A

.01

N.E.

99

0-5

10

II A

9:30 A

12 P

•59

I

s.s.w.

I3«

7.0

37

6 p

0 A

2 P

1.02

w.s.w.

188

1-5

17

4A

s.

205

0-5

10

8a

s.

141

0.0

—

—

3A

12 P

.2C

s.w.

372

12.0

49

5 P

■ 0 A

3P

.14

N.W.

187

4.0

28

I a

W.

47

0-5

10

12 p

S.S.E.

238

2.0

20

4 P

8p

12 p

.01

S.W.

III

1.0

14

0 a

0 A

2 A

T

S.S.E.

81

0.0

—

3 A

8p

•52

S.W.

168

17.0

58

10 p

3 P

II p

.11

W.N.W.

313

5-0

32

0 a

S.S.W.

76

1-5

17

8 p

W.

394

6.5

36

5A

I A

6a

.14

S.W.

75

00

—

S.S.E.

47

i-S

17

8 p

II A

9P

.28

I

S.W.

116

0.0

—

—

E.

68

1.0

14

I p

S.S.W.

138

2.0

20

II p

N.W.

247

25

22

6 p

8a

II A

.02

W.N.W.

212

2.0

20

I p

E.

61

0.0

—

—

2 P

II P

.18

2

S.S.W.

91

0.0

—

—

S.W.

263

7-5

39

10 p

9:30 P

II P

.20

••Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

•Included in following day.

CVI

REMARKS

The weather during January was most unseasonable in its tem-
perature, and exceptional in its barometric pressure. Throughout the
month the weather conditions resembled the normal conditions of
March much more closely than those of January. The absence of
snow on the ground, excepting for short periods, tended to increase
the resemblance to early spring rather than midwinter weather.

A comparison of the records of the various weather elements with
those of former years shows the following interesting features : The
mean barometer was higher than the normal, and the range of pres-
sure was the largest ever noted for a single month at this station.
The minimum barometer, on the third, was the lowest recorded here
since this station was established. The minimum for Feb., 1895,
of 28.56 inches was, however, but one one-hundredth of an inch
higher than this month's record.

The mean temperature for the month broke all records for Jan-
uary, at Amherst, back to 1836 — as far back as our records extend.
The average temperature was more than 10° higher than the normal
and, taken in connection with the unusually high temperature of the
preceding month, makes a record for an "open winter" up to this
date that has not been approached during the last 75 years. The
mean temperature of the past two months was more than 8 degrees
above the average value for that period.

The mean dew point was more than eight degrees above the nor-
mal, and the relative humidity slightly greater than usual.

The total precipitation was more than one-half an inch greater
than the normal, and practically all of it occurred as rain.

The total wind movement was considerably more than usual, and
the daily movement on the 4th, following the low barometer of the
3d, was one of our largest daily records here. The prevailing direc-
tion of the wind was rather unusual for this season of the year.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
H. W. ANGIER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 290.

FEBRUARY. 1913

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" VV.

Height of haro'neter above ground, 5^ fi- Above sea level, 2"/^.^ ft.
Height of Wind Instruments "J 2 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.11, 2d, iiA.;

loth, II A.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29,25, 23d, i A.
Reducedf maximum leading, 30.44, loth, 11 A.;
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.56, 23d, 1 a.

.Mean semi-daily reduced, 30.008

Montlity range 0.88

•Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest, 55.0, 2ist, 3 P.

Lowest 4-5. loth, 7:30 A

Mean hourly, 22.7

Mean of means of max. and niin., .... 22.7

Mean sensible (wet bulb), i9-4

Monthly range, 59-5

Highest mean daily, 4i-5i 21st

Lowest mean daily, 7-ii loth

Mean maximum, 3*-2

Mean minimum, i3-3

Mean daily range, 18.9

Greatest daily range, 34.5,11th

Least daily range 7-5. 22d

Humidity.

Mean dew point, ....
Mean force of vapor, . .
Mean relative humidity.

14.1
.125

74.5

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, 2.94

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain felU • ' 7

Total snow in inches n-o

♦Temperature in ground shelter.
Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement, 5194m.

Greatest daily movement, .... 445ni., ist

Least daily movement 23m., nth

Mean daily movement 185 ni

Mean hourly velocity, 7-7 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 13.5 Ibs.=

52m. per hour, ist, ip., W.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36 m. per

hour, ist, 3 P., W.N.W.
Prevailing Direction, West.

Summary.

West 18 per cent,

West Northwest 18 " "

Northwest 18 " "

Southwest 14 " "

South II " "

Other directions 21 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, . • . .42 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, 91 hrs.=3i per cent.

Number of clear days, 13

Number of fair days, 11

Number of cloudy days, 4

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 205 hrs=69<.

Bain, 21st, 22d, 27th, 28th.

Snow, ist, 3d, 8th, nth, i6th, 17th, 23d, 26th,

27th.

Thunder and Lightning:, 22d.

Days of Sleighing, 15.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : 52 m, ist,

W.N.W.; 39m, 8th, W.S.W.; 36m., 9th, W.;

50m. i2th, W.N. W., 36 m.. 23d, W.S.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Groun

d Shelter.

c

(4

e

S

S
3

B
'c

.13
(U C

£

s
S

l4

E

s

3
S
c

-13

n! >i c

0) «.-

rt 3 nJ

j5
ii 3

3 C
0 3

°i

Q

2
30.24

i

32.5

H

i
16.5

.'-'

S2S

sia

21.7

ZCQ

I

29.58

29.899

10 A

12 P

245

26 4

85

2

30.43

30.24

30376

28.0

4 P

14.0

5 A

21.0

20.3

18.5

9-3

3

3032

29.67

29.948

29.0

9H

20.0

3A

245

255

25-5

2.8

4

29.90

29.68

29879

31.0

2 P

12.0

12 P

21.5

24.1

20.3

9.0

5

29-93

2982

29877

20.0

3 P

7.0

12 P

13-5

15.2

'4-5

9.0

6

29.92

29.78

29.882

17.0

1 p

5-0

I A

1 1.0

11.5

9.0

8.0

7

29.97

29.84

29934

21.0

3 P

3-0

5A

12.0

12.5

97

8.0

8

29.87

29.69

29799

29-5

2:30 P

lO.O

3A

19.7

20.7

•7-5

7.8

9

30.15

29.81

30.073

25.0

3 P

11.5

7:30 A

18.3

18.1

12.3

90

10

30.44

30-15

30.42 1

22.0

4 P

-4-5

7:30 A

87

7-1

2.0

95

II

30.33

29.60

29.827

32.0

10 P

-2-5

3:30 A

147

14.7

16.5

0.0

12

30.17

29.65

29963

27.0

0 A

6.5

12 P

16.7

15.0

10.3

9-3

'3

30.39

30-17

30.359

21-5

4 P

-i.o

7:30 A

_.lo-3

10.7

6.5

95

'4

30.26

29.90

30.160

37-0

4 P

8.0

7 A

22.5

20.8

175

9-5

15

30.01

29.95

29.983

43-5

3P

13.0

7 A

28.3

290

24.0

9.0

16

29.95

29.79

29.823

40.0

3:30 P

260

7 A

330

34.0

307

7.0

'7

3002

29.80

29.896

31.0

2 P

18.0

12 P

24.5

25.1

19-3

8.0

i8

30.27

30.02

30.209

300

3 P

1 1.0

7A

20.5

197

150

9-8

'9

30.28

30.11

30.204

36 0

3:30 P

80

7 A

22.0

224

.85

fS

20

30.14

2999

30043

495

3P

27.0

7A

.38-3

384

35-0

6.8

21

30.19

30-03

30.130

550

3P

330

7 A

440

41.5

34-7

7.0-

22

30.19

2957

29.813

39-5

11 P

32.0

7 A

35-7

334

32.3

0.0

23

2994

2956

29739

370

0 A

165

12 P

26.7

28.1

23.0

7.2

24

3004

29.94

30024

29.0

3P

12.5

12 P

20 7

18.5

14.0

8-5

25

30.20

30.04

30.155

26.5

3P

7-5

6:30 A

17.0

16.0

13.0

1 0.0

26

303 •

3005

30221

30.5

3:30 P

6.5

6:30 A

185

20 2

'7-5

73

27

30.05

2957

29.741

330

8 P

24.0

0 A

28.S

28.6

28.5

0.0

28

30.09

29-57

29.859

48.0

4 P

32.5

0 A

40.3

37-5

35-0

6.0

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

u^

Total in

at

Q

0

0.

>

|.i

c ^
S 3 (T

Q.

bit

c
'c

di

Inches.

*

rt

3

SI

« J) 3

'3 0
> (1)

ib

IP
HS.S

rt <U >-

V 3

rz 0

6

n

M
u
CO

c

X

0

B

,

17.0

• 131

76.0

w.

445

13-5

52

I p

10 A

5 P

T

T

2

15.0

.109

82.0

w.

276

2-5

22

I p

3

21.5

.146

83.0

s.w.

131

0.5

10

10 A

8a

8p

.69

6

4

12.0

.125

65.0

N.W.

1S2

4-5

30

9A

5

lO.O

.091

78.5

W.N.W.

246 4-5

■ 30

9A

6

0.5

.075

61 5

W.

194

5-5

33

12 M

7

4-5

.076

745

W.

239

25

22

8A

8

1 0.0

.112

65.0

W.S.W.

267

7-5

39

10 P

6p

12 p

T

T

9

5-0

.086

67.0

W.N.W.

365

65

36

II A

lO

-'•5

.052

83.0

N.

85

1.0

•4

12 M

1 1

14.0

.100

875

S.W.

23

4-5

30

7 P

5 A

8 P

.28

2

12

2.0

.oSi

63.0

W.N.W.

409

12.5

50

2 P

'3

-i.o

.068

66.5

W.S.W.

185

30

25

2 P

'4

1 1.0

•i'3

70.0

S.

196

1.0

'4

2 P

'5

19.0

.152

73-5

s.

84

0.5

10

5 P

i6

28.S

.179

90.0

N.W.

5'

0.0

—

I p

12 P

T

T

'7

14.S

•115

76 0

N.N.E.

188

1-5

17

5 A

0 A

2 A

T

T

i8

6.0

.098

6. 5

N.N.W.

304

4-5

30

2 P

'9

«'-5

.119

66.0

N.W.

72

0 0

—

20

3'o

.232

795

S.S.E.

44

0.0

—

—

21

30.5

.227

74-5

S.W.

62

0 0

—

—

6p

^ 12 P

•C3

22

30.0

.189

90.0

N.W.

79

0.0

—

—

OA

* 10 P

•63

23

18.0

.140

72.5

W.

368

6.5

36

I P

8a

3 P

T

T

24

5.0

.095

61.0

W.N VV.

235

1.0

'4

6 p

25

7-5

.088

730

W.N.W.

"94

1.0

•4

8a

26

12.5

.108

76.0

S.

'03

1.0

14

6 p

7 P

12 P

•13

2

27

26.5

.165

870

S.W.

70

0.0

—

0 A

12 P

.90

I

28

32.0

.221

83.0

N.W.

97

1.0

14

4A

0 A

4 A

.28

•*Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower. *Inciuded in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during February was generally good winter weather,
in marked contrast with the abnormal conditions of the preceding
two months. Departures from normals were in most cases not es-
pecially marked and of little influence on the weather as a whole.
During about half the month the sleighing was fair in this section.

A study of the records of the several weather elements for the
month shows the following as the more important features. The
mean barometer was slightly lower than the normal and the range
unusually small for this time of the year. This was due to both a
low maximum and high minimum. Notwithstanding the compara-
tively quiescent pressure the total wind movement was slightly
greater than usual. All the gales were from nearly a westerly direc-
tion.

The mean temperature was slightly lower than the normal and the
range was the usual amount. The thermometer registered below
zero on three dates, all during the first half of the month. The first
half of the month was considerably colder than the last half; the
records showing that during the first fourteen days the mean daily
temperature was above the mean for the month on but three days
while the last fourteen days had but five days when the daily mean
was below the monthly mean.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both considera-
bly below the normals for these elements.

The total precipitation was about ten per cent, less than the nor-
mal and about two-thirds occurred as rain.

The amount of cloudiness was much below the average for Feb-
ruary.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
H. W. ANGIER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 291.

MARCH. 1913

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Heii^kt of barometer above ground, ^i ft. Above sea level, 2'/j.^ ft.
Height of Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Vlaxununi reduced to freezing, 30 56, iSth, 8a.;
\Iiriiiniiin reduced to freezing, 28.96, 27th, 5 P.
Keducedt ma.\inuiui reading, 30.S8, 18th, 8 A.;
Keducedt minimum reading, 29.26, 27tii, 5 P.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 30.112

Montlily range 1.92

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Falir.

Higliest 74.0, 25th, 3:30 P.

Lowest, I.e. 8tli, 3 A.

.Mean hourly, 37.9

Mean of means of max. and min 3S.3

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 34 3

Monthly range, 73 o

Highest mean daily, 59 4. 25th

Lowest mean daily 9-4. 7th

.Mean maximum, 47-9

Mean minimum . .... 28.5

Mean daily range i9-4

Greatest daily range, 3^-5- 9th

Laist daily range, . 4.0, ist, 4th

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 30-7

Mean force of vapor, . . 236

Mean relative humidity, 79-3

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, 6

Mumber of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell '17

Total snow in inches 5-°

*Temperature in ground shelter.
Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement, 6413m.

Greatest daily movement, .... 443ni., 22d

Least daily movement 40m., ist, 20th

Mean daily movement 207 m

Mean hourly velocity, 8.6 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 23.5 lbs.=

68m. per hour, 31st, 3 P., S.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 48 ni. per

hour, 27th, 9 p., \V.
Prevailing Direction, West Southwest.

Summary.

West 20 per cent,

South Southwest 20 "

South Southeast i3 " "

South 10 " "

West Southwest 10 "

Northwest 10

Other directions 17"

Weather.
Mean cloudiness observed, . ■ . . 62 per cent,
rotal cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, .... iS9hrs.= 5i per cent.

Number of clear days 10

Number of fair days, 8

Number of cloudy days, i3

Briglit Sunshine.
Number of hours recorded, . . 182 hrs=49^.
Rain, ist, 9th, loth, nth, 13th, I4th,l5th,i6th,

20th, 21st. 23d, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 30th, 31st.
"Jnow, 2d, 4th, 6th,"iith.
Thunder and Tig .tning, 1st, 25th, 26th,

27th, 31st.
Days of Sleighing, 3.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : 64 m, 20th,
W.N.W.; 44ni, 6th, W.N.W.; 49m, 7th, W.;
43m. 2ist, S.S.W.; 43m., 22d,W.;36m. 24th,S.;
48111. 27th, \V.; 39m. 28th, W.; 68ni. 31st, S.W.
Hail. 31st.

DAILY SUMMARY.

IJarometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

B
£"1

a

B

e

£
'c

3S

c
3
S
><

s

S
3
£

1

V

£

T3

rt X c;
<u rt.-

ni =2 rt
<u 0 2

5 c
0 3

'0?

0 c

Q

30.08

2979

S

r^

S

H

SS2

SKa

Zoa

I

29.946

34.0

8p

30.0

5A

32.0

33.7

32.0

0.0

2

30.19

29.72

29.934

37-0

2 P

20.0

12 P

28.5

29.0

23-3

83

3

3032

30.04

30.200

370

4 t-

15 5

6 A

26.3

27.3

22.5

8.0

4

30.20

2991

30.094

35-0

2 P

3..0

12 P

330

32.6

30.5

0.0

5

29.92

29.85

29.904

44.0

3:30 P

260

12 P

35.0

333

29.7

9.5

6

29.85

2946

29.6S9

36.0

3 i-

12.0

12 P

_ 24.0

235

21.5

2.0

7

30.38

2983

30.194

'35

I P

6.0

12 P

9.7

94

67

10.2

8

30-44

30.21

30.370

29.5

3 i-

1 0

3A

15-3

16.2

130

95

9

30.21

29.91

30.044

59.0

3:30 p

23.5

0 A

4 '.3

40.4

37 5

87

10

30.24

30.04

30.172

49.5

3 '^

3V5

6:^ A

41.5

41.0

35-3

8 0

II

30- 15

29.87

29.962

45-5

4:30 p

330

"5 A

39.3

369

350

7.0

12

3044

30.15

30392

530

3:30 H

27.0

6:30 A

40 0

389

liZ

10.5

'3

3045

3025

30.369

44 5

4 P

32.5

7A

a|i

37-4

36 0

0.5

14

30.25

2973

29.^95

57.0

5 P

39.0

0 A

480

46.5

47-3

0 0

•5

29.75

29.45

29.576

570

4 i-

480

12 P

52.5

532

53 3

0.0

i6

30.01

2956

29.776

470

2:30 P

28.5

12 P

37 7

39-9

34.5

2.3

'7

3075

30.01

30.527

37 5

[2:30 p

22 0

12 P

297

28.6

23.3

105

i8

3088

3055

30732

46.5

3 P

17.0

6:30 A

3' 7

31.8

27.5

10.5

'9

30.55

3031

30.43'

64 0

3P

34.0

3 A

49.0

47 4

41.7

1 1 0

20

30.35

2995

30 07S

520

6 P

33 5

6 A

427

43-5

42.7

0.0

21

30.08

30.07

29938

65 0

3P

47.0

0 A

56 0

55-5

55-3

12

22

3063

29.90

30405

41.5

2 P

28.3

12 P

350

37.9

28.7

1 1.0

23

30.80

3043

30672

47 0

2:30 p

22 0

6 A

34.5

350

307

9 5

24

3043

2998

30 073

69.5

2:30 P

37.0

0 A

53.3

55-0

51-7

7.3

25

30.04

2978

29.945

74.0

3:30 1'

50.0

12 P

62.0

594

565

8.5

26

30 II

29.93

30 042

! 50 0

0 .\

365

6 A

43 3

39 4

37 3

0.0

27

29 93

29 26

29.594

60 5

2 P

300

12 P

45 3

42.9

337

00

28

3039

29 67

30.257

3Q.0

4 1'

270

6 A

330

31.2

26.7

" 5

29

30.55

3037

30.4S1

480

4 ''

22 0

6:30 A

350

34;

29.3

1 1 0

3c

3037

29.98

30.89

56.0

3 P

32.0

3 A

44.0

44 6

42.0

50

3'

2998

2935

29592

1

58.0

2:30 P

40.5

12 P

49.3

481

463

0.0

1

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidit

Y-

Wind.

Precipitation.

Total in

Q

0
0.

>

■-2

|.i

(U (/I

S 3 □■

p.

bi

c

'c

bi

Inches.

*

a

a

So- «

S5 £

1) (U 3

SaiX

> (V
CD 1-

5>s

HS.S

en u

V 3
^ 0

SK

s

c
'5)
m

c

c

W

c

0

c

t/3

I

300

i88

90.0

N.N.E.

40

0.0

_

10 A

9 P

•17

2

17.0

141

70.0

N.W.

253 20.5

64

2 P

3 P

4 P

T

T

3

16.0

145

66.5

W.

3&o| 5-5

33

I A

4

27.5

180

85.0

W.N.W.

76 , 0.0

—

6p

II P

.c6

I

5

26.5

175

82.0

N.N.E.

41 1 0.0

—

—

6

170

127

77.0

N.W.

122 1 9.5

44

1:30?

8a

4 P

.41

4

7

-1.0

066

63.0

W.

414

12.0

49

8 A

8

7.0

094

72.5

S.

154

I.O

14

10 p

9

350

249

86.5

S.

283

4-5

30

4P

6p

10 P

T

lO

29,0

234

70.5

W.S.W.

129

2.0

20

4 A

II p

12 P

.06

1 1

330

21 1

9' 5

N.E.

74

0.0

—

0 A

II A

•38

T

12

29.0

213

76.0

W.S.W.

60

0.0

—

—

■3

340

222

915

S.S.E.

48

1.0

14

2 P

II A

I P

T

"4

47.0

339

96.0

S.S.E.

64

10

14

4A

I A

3 P

.89

15

530

412

9«-5

S.S.W.

269

30

24

3^

12 M

12 p

.20

16

3'o

219

80.0

N.W.

136

4-5

30

10 p

0 A

7 P

.1 1

'7

15.0

'44

62.5

W.

354

45

30

I p

18 21 5 j

'75

69.5

.S S.W.

264

50

32

12 M

'9

36.0

3'5

675

.S..S.W.

347

4.0

28

2 P

20

42.0

288

94 5

.S..S.W.

40

0 0

—

—

6a

7 P

.62

21

54-5

455

94-5

s.s w.

197

9.0

43

5 P

3P

8 p

.02

22

iS.o

194

525

w.

443

9.0

43

8a

-3

26.0

194

730

S..S.E.

190

25

22

6 p

II p

12 P

.06

24

490

432

80.5

s.s E.

374

6.5

36

10 A

0 A

5 A

.28

25

56.0

487

90.0

S.S.W.

365

5-0

32

3 P

6 P

12 p

..26

26

35-5

233

89.5

N.N.W.

92

2.0

20

II A

0 A

12 p

1.04

27

30.5

208

82.0

w.

218

ii-5

48

8 P

0 A

6 p

I 14

28

20.5

163

705

w

416

7-5

39

6a

29

22 0

186

655

W.S.W.

123

2-5

22

7 P

30

49-5

296

84.5

S.

242

2 0

20

3 P

4 P

12 P

.04

31

44.U

345

86.0

S.W.

225

235

68

3 P

0 A

8p

.64

**Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

*Included in following: day.

REMARKS

With the close of the winter season a comparison of the tempera-
ture record with that of former winters can safely be made. Taking
the season as a whole from the ist of December to the close of this
month it can safely be said that it was the mildest winter within the
memory of the "oldest inhabitant." Using the temperature records
of this town, which extend back to 1837, ^^ previous year shows
such a high mean temperature for the four months. The winter of
1879-80, however, was almost as mild. The months of December,
January and March were all a few degrees colder than the corre-
sponding months of the past season. February, however, of that
year was more than seven degrees warmer than the same month this
year. The maximum and minimum temperatures of that winter
were both several degrees lower than those records of the season
just closed. February stands out as the only month of the winter
when the temperature conditions were nearly normal.

March started out with a thunderstorm on the ist, and snow on
the 4th and 6th. The latter snowstorm furnished sleighing for only
a few days as the temperature rose to 59 degrees on the 9th.
Before the middle of the month the frost was practically all out of
the ground and the rains about that time settled the roads so that
they were fairly passable. The equinoctial storms were compara-
tively light and the transition to spring was practically completed by
them.

The last week of the month was unusually stormy with a number
of heavy rains and severe thunder and lightning on several days and
on the 31st tliere was a severe hailstorm with thunder and lightning
and the heaviest wind of the month. The total precipitation was
two and one-half inches above normal.

The month closed with the season fully two weeks in advance of
the usual conditions at the end of March.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

H. W. ANGIER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 292.

APRIL, 1913

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2'/j.^ ft.
Height of Wifid Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 3025,10th, 7A.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.19, ist, o A.
Reduced! maximum reading, 30.56, loth, 7 A.;
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.50, ist, o A.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 30.020

Monthly range i.o6

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 84.5,25th, 2:30 P.

Lowest, 22.5, Sth, 6 A.

Mean hourly, 47-6

Mean of means of max. and min., .... 48.0

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 429

Montiily range, 62.0

Highest mean daily, 6;.9. 25th

Lowest mean daily, 34.2,9th

Mean maximum, 58-3

Mean minimum, 37.6

Mean daily range, 20.7

Greatest daily range 38.0, 22d

Least daily range 6-5i 13th

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 38.5

Mean force of vapor 338

Mean relative humidity 74-4

Precipitation. In inches.

fotal precipitation 3-3°

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell ' '4

Total snow in inches trace

* Temperature in ground shelter.
Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement, 5659m.

Greatest daily movement, .... 542ni., 2d

Least daily movement, 32m., 12th

Mean daily movement, 189 m

Mean hourly velocity, 7.9 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 16.5 lbs. =

58m. per hour, 1st, S P., W.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30 m. per

hour, ist, 9 p., W.N.W.
Prevailing Direction, West Northwest.

Summary.

West 13 per cent.

South Southwest 13 "

North Northwest 10 "

Northwest 10 "

Northeast 10 "

Other directions 44 "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, .... 55 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, 191 hrs. =48 per cent.

Number of clear days, 8

Number of fair days, 12

Number of cloudy days, 10

Bright Sunghine.

Number of hours recorded, - . 211 hrs=52^.

Rain, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, nth, 12th,

13th, T6th, 19th, 23d, 25th, 28th, 29th.

Snow, 6th, 7th, 9th.

Frosts, 7th, loth, 22d.

Thunder and Lightning, none.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : 58 m, ist,

W.N.W.; 40m, 2d, W.S.W.; 38m., 19th, W.;

39m., 30th, N.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Groun

d Shelter.

c

d

g

>.

s

c

■xs

.d

3 c

0 3

3

3

'c3

3

3

•^ e

v^

X^

B

S

S

0 rt

a x' c

Q

29.70

s

St/2

s

H

i

7 A

SSS

SK3

sJi^

■zca

I

29.50

29.610

46.0

2:30 P

34-5

40.3

37.8

31-3

4.0

2

30-14

29.70

29.969

50.0

12 M

36.0

I A

43-0

41-5

33-7

II.O

3

30-23
30-14

30.08
2997

30.162
30.070

55-5
54.0

5 i-
3P

34-5
38.0

2 A
7A

45.0

43-0
43-9

38-7
39-7

6.0

4

46.0

3-3

5

30.00

29.89

29.979

52-5

2:30 P

34-5

12 P

43-5

42.9

37-3

7-3

6

29.99

29.81

29.922

43-5

I P

27.0

5:30 A

35-3

346

31.0

4.0

7

30.18

2988

30.081

42.0

I P

28.0

12 P

35-0

35-6

32.0

5-5

8

30.22

30.04

30.164

47-5

4 P

22.5

6 A

35-0

35-8

32.0

II.O

9

30-49

30.12

30.409

44-5

SP

26.0

6 A

35-3

34-2

29.0

1 1 -3

lO

30.56

3039

30.477

530

4P

23.0

6 A

38.0

38-7

35-7

lO.O

u

30-39

30.10

30.248

43-5

8 P

36.0

6 A

39-7

39-1

39-3

0.0

12

30.10

29.94

29.905

62.5

3P

42.0

0 A

52.3

530

51-5

2.8

13

29.97

2975

29-834

52-5

1:30 P

46.0

8 A

49-3

48.8

47 -o

0.2

14

29.94

29.74

29-853

57.0

2 P

43-0

3 A

50.0

5I-0

48.5

2-3

15

30.00

29.81

29.949

62 0

2 P

4b. 0

0 A

54.0

52.1

46.0

8.2

16

29.81

29.62

29.678

54-0

3P

43-0

II P

48.5

47-8

42.3

0.0

17

3005

29.71

29-935

62.5

3:30 P

39-0

12 P

50.7

49-5

41-5

120

18

30.14

29.85

30033

64.0

3P

30.0

6 A

47.0

48.3

45-5

10. 0

'9

29.95

29.65

29838

62.5

II A

35 -o

12 P

48.7

48.1

42.5

7-0

20

30-23

2993

30.074

41.0

2 P

30.5

8 A

35-7

35-2

30.0

9-5

21

3041

3023

30.332

57-5

3P

28.5

4:30 A

430

44.0

37-3

1 1.8

22

30.27

30.04

30.163

70.0

3P

32.0

6 A

51.0

530

48.5

9.0

23

30.17

30.01

30 090

75.0

3P

50.0

7 A

02.5

60.2

53-5

6.7

24

30.21

30.08

30-177

82.0

4P

44-5

6 A

63-3

633

57.0

II.O

25

30.16

3003

30-137

84-5

2:30 P

52 0

6 A

68.3

65.9

60.0

8.8

26

30 15

30.04

30.089

76.0

2 P

48.5

6a

62.3

61.5

55-3

11.8

27

30.04

29.85 29.913

72.5

1:30 p

45-0

5:30 A

58-7

60.3

56.0

10.2

28

29-85

29.66 i 29.723

59-5

2:30 P

49.0

12 P

54-3

55-1

52.0

I.O

29

30.01

29.68

29.772

63.0

2:30 p

46.0

5A

54-5

53-7

Si-7

30

30

30.05

29.90

30.021

59.0

4:30 P

38.0

5 A

48.5

49,0

41.7

12.0

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

h

Total in

Q

0

0.

>

>T3

u

0) en

S-2

(11

0.

c

bi

Inches.

*

Q

3 OJ

s:5s

a) aj 3

> (U

(1) ^

<« £ !r.

s 0

(U

S

H

c
m

-3

c

s

0

s
CO

I

22.5

212

58.0

w.

458

16.5

58

8 P

2

22.0

248

50.0

w.s.w.

542

8.0

40

II A

3

345

275

72.5

E.S.E.

60

0.0

—

—

9P

12 P

.01

4

37-5

266

84.5

N.N.E.

"5

0.0

—

—

0 A

7A

•C5

5

3^-5

248

76.0

N.W.

147

2.5

22

5 P

0 A

8a

•43

6

3'-5

244

78.0

W.

70

I.O

14

9P

8a

3P

•03

T

7

26.0

208

68.5

N.W.

251

4.5

30

12 M

2 P

4 P

T

T

8

25-5

210

67.0

W.N.W.

168

5-5

33

II P

9

22.5

181

67.5

N.W.

297

5-0

32

10 A

I A

3 A

.01

T

lO

305

239

73-5

N.N.W.

49

0.0

—

—

1 1

38-5

247

96.0

S.S.E.

150

0-5

10

2 P

3A

12 p

i.r2

12

50.0

418

855

S.S.W.

32

00

—

0 A

9A

.66

13

46.5

329

965

N.

152

0.0

—

3A

II p

•38

'4

46.5

37«

«5-5

N.N.E.

103

0.0

—

'5

42.0

359

75-5

N.E.

187

2.0

20

9A

i6

36.5

320

68.5

N.E.

131

1.0

14

2 A

8a

9A

•03

17

34-5

324

62.0

N.N.W.

271

3-5

26

4A

i8

43-5

330

89.0

W.S.W.

244

5-0

32

2 P

'9

3«-5

312

77.0

w.s.w.

346

7.0

38

4 P

I a

3A

.06

20

235

191

69.5

w.

415

5-5

33

3P

21

27.0

292

50.5

w.

179

30

24

10 A

-

22

43-0

419

70.0

s.

103

0.0

—

—

^3

49.0

509

71-5

sw.

86

0.0

—

—

7 A

9A

.04

24

54-5

550

77-5

w.s.w.

44

0.0

—

—

-'S

57-5

605

795

S.E.

59

0.0

—

—

3P

3:30 p

•03

26

Si.o

523

72.5

s.

165

1.0

14

3 P

27

53°

507

79-5

E.S.E.

156

1-5

17

5 P

28

49-5

430

83.0

E.

135

0.0

—

—

3A

12 M

.29

29

50.0

417

86.0

N.E.

161

4-5

30

3 P

8a

8p

.16

30

L

34.5

334

60.0

N.N.W.

383

7-5

39

10 A

**Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

Tnciiidedin following day.

REMARKS

The weather during April proved disappointing to those who had
expected an early season. Much of the seasonal progress shown at
the beginning of the month was lost before the month closed. While
no particular weather element seemed especially abnormal, the ad-
vance of spring was arrested and conditions were nearly normal at
the end of the month.

The first half of the month was much more rainy than the last
half, although precipitation was well distributed throughout the
month.

The record of the several weather elements shows the following as
the more important features : The mean barometer was higher than
the normal and the range a little less than the usual amount. The
maximum and minimum pressures were both higher than the aver-
age value of these records. The minimum record was made as the
month opened, and was followed by a wind record of a thousand
miles on the first two days of the month. The total wind movement
was slightly greater than the normal and the daily prevailing direc-
tion more variable than usual.

The mean temperature was about two degrees above the normal,
and the maximum and minimum records both high. Only a few
frosts were noted, and no damage was done by them. From the
2ist to the 29th, inclusive, was the warmest period of the month.

The mean dew point was practically normal, while the relative
humidity was considerably higher than usual.

The total precipitation was about ten per cent more than the nor-
mal, and two-thirds of the total fell from the nth to the 13th, inclu-
sive. While many showers occurred no thunder storms were noted.

The percentage of cloudiness observed was slightly more than the
normal.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
H. W. ANGIER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 293.

MAY, 1913

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, S^ fi- Above sea level, 2^3.5 ft.
Height of Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 30 10, 4th, 12P.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.23, 29th, 2P.
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.39, 4th, 12 p.
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.52, 29th, 2 p.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 29.995

Monthly range 0.87

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest, 89.0, 3d, 4 p.

Lowest, 30.5,11th, 2:30 A.

Mean hourly, 55.6

Mean of means of max. and min 55.5

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 5^4

Monthly range, 5S.5

Highest mean daily 73-2, 3d

Lowest mean daily, 41-3. loth

Mean maximum, 66.6

Mean minimum, 44-3

Mean daily range, 22.3

Greatest daily range, 43-;. 2d

Least daily range, 4-5. 28th

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 46.0

Mean force of vapor, 445

Mean relative humidity, ....... .73°

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, 4-94

Number of days on wliich .01 inch or more

rain fell, "13

♦Temperature in ground shelter.
Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement, 3672m.

Greatest daily movement, .... 2S9m., 19th

Least daily movement, 14m., 22d

Mean daily movement 118 m

Mean hourly velocity, 4-9 ni

Maximum pressure per square foot, 5.5 lbs.=

33m. per hour, 29th, 1 p., N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30 m. per

hour, 29th, 5P., N.W.
Prevailing Direction, Northwest.

Summary.

North Northwest 19 per cent.

Northwest 16 " "

West Northwest 13 " "

South Southeast 13 " "

Other directions 39 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, . ■ ■ • 53 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, 232hrs. = 5i percent.

Number of clear days 6

Number of fair days, 14

Number of cloudy days, n

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 221 hrs=49?S.
Rain, 6th, 9th, 13th, 15th, i6th, i8th, 21st,
22d, 23d, 24th, 25th, 27th, 28th, 29th.
Frosts, nth, i2th, 15th.
Tliunder and Lifflitning, 6th, 15th.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : None.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Grou

id Slielter.

a

U (A

B

g

>x

S

a

-^

^

3 C
0 3

3

3

'rt

3

3

l*H C

4J'^

X^

c4

s

E

B

s

0 rt

° d c

Set;

Q

S

S

§c«

S

H

s

H

§S§

Sffia

Sc^^

^«

I

30.07

29.92

30.006

73-5

4:30 P

330

6a

53-3

55-6

51-3

10.5

2

29.99

29.84

29.952

87.5

3^

44 -o

5A

65.7

68.1

59-5

II. 2

3

30-13

2993

30.031

89.0

4 P

53-0

4:30 A

71.0

73-2

60.3

"•5

4

30-39

30-13

30.386

75-5

4 P

54.0

6a

64.7

62.8

56.5

7-5

5

30-39

30.11

30-245

76.5

2:30 P

56.0

6A

66.3

63-7

57-5

7-5

6

30.11

29.84

29.959

87.0

4P

52.0

5:30 A

69.5

67.5

600

lo-s

7

30.13

29.87

29.998

71.0

2 P

49-5

12 P

60.3

61 9

53-5

10.5

8

30.29

30-13

30.246

68.0

5P

38.0

6a

530

53-5

49-5

12.0

9

30.23

29.99

30.076

62.5

4P

46.5

3A

54-5

52.0

45-5

3-8

lO

30.06

29.98

30.052

49,0

3:30 p

32.0

12 P

40.5

41-3

34-3

6.0

II

30.02

29.88

29.954

56.5

3 P

30.5

2:30 A

435

43-9

38.7

9-3

12

30.02

29.88

29.966

65.0

6 p

31.0

6a

48.0

49-8

46.3

11.8

13

29.95

29.76

29879

68.0

3P

42.5

5:30 A

55-3

53-9

47-7

4-0

14

30-17

29.87

29.997

69 0

5 P

45-5

12 P

57-3

57-3

52-3

12.0

15

30-27

30-07

30.181

61.0

2 p

340

6a

47-5

49-7

44-0

7.0

16

30.07

29.88

29939

51.0

0 A

43-0

12 P

47.0

46.5

44-5

0.0

17

30.17

30.05

30.125

565

4P

42 0

1 A

49-3

48.5

46.0

2-9

18

30-13

29-87

29.946

60.5

5:30 p

46.0

4A

53-3

51-8

45 5

2.7

19

30.07

29.S7

29.962

60.0

I p

43-5

12 P

51-7

5^-5

46.5

9-0

20

30.18

30.04

30.121

67.0

5P

37-0

5 A

52.0

53-6

49.0

115

21

30-23

30.10

30.180

65.0

3P

37.0

5 A

510

53-1

505

5.0

22

30 10

2983

29.919

570

6 p

490

5 A

S3-0

530

523

0.0

23

29.89

2979

29849

63-5

3 P

54.0

0 A

58.7

57-4

56.7

0.0

24

29.84

2977

29.823

64-5

12:30 p

55-0

3 A

597

57-7

550

1-7

25

30.00

29-83

29.899

70.0

3P

50.0

5 A

60.0

60.0

53-7

12.0

26

30.10

30.00

30072

70.0

5 P

41.0

5 A

55-5

55-7

48.3

II-3

27

30-17

30.09

30.142

55-5

II A

45-5

5:30 A

505

51.0

49-3

0.0

28

30.09

29.68

29855

53-5

11:30 A

49.0

3 A

51-3

51.0

48.7

0.0

29

29.68

29-52

29.587

62.0

2:30 P

49.0

5A

55-5

55-6

523

6.8

30

29.75

2961

29.66S

735

5 P

46.0

5 A

59-7

59-4

52.3

12.0

31

29.94

29.75

29.826

76.5

4:30 p

44.0

6a

603

61.5

56.0

10.5

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

fe

Total in

Q

0

>

•-:2

11

E 2

E 3 cr

0.

bi

B

'a

bh

Indies.

#

Q

SI

(U 4) 3

> 0)

£5

IP

SphPh

V 3

n3 0

E

H

a

'3)
a>
m

'■B

a
W

0

c

I

46.0

•475

67.0

N.N.W.

102

^•5

17

II A

2

56.0

.654

70.5

W.N.W.

79

2^5

22

2 P

3

54.0

•749

56.S

W.N.W.

61

I.O

14

II A

4

54-5

•505

84.5

S.W.

93

0.0

—

—

5

54-5

•551

78.5

S.

136

0.0

—

—

6

57-5

.590

80.5

S.

43

3^5

26

6p

7 P

II P

.12

7

48.0

.509

67.0

N.N.E.

226

2.0

20

8a

8

44.0

•433

67.5

N.N.W.

III

2.0

20

6 p

9

395

•358

71.0

W.

280

4-5

30

3P

7A

9A

.C2

10

27.5

.231

66.0

N.N.W.

253

4.0

28

5 P

II

29.5

•304

54-0

N.W.

247

35

26

7 A

12

38.0

.407

57.0

N.W.

76

0.5

10

I P

13

42.0

.402

67.0

S.S.E.

170

3-0

24

5 P

12 M

7 P

.04

14

47.0

•483

66.5

N.W.

179

2.0

20

4 P

'5

370

.361

61.0

E.

99

0.0

—

—

10 P

12 p

.04

16

435

.310

90,5

E.

54

0.0

—

—

0 A

II A

•36

'7

440

•347

83.0

S.S.E.

64

00

—

—

18

410

•369

68.0

S.S.E.

34

0.0

—

—

12 M

4 P

T

19

39-5

.400

61.0

W.

289

5-0

32

II A

20

42.0

•447

59-5

W.N.W.

150

3-0

24

4 P

21

48.0

•397

86.5

S.W.

43

0.0

—

—

3P

12 P

.10

22

52.0

•399

97 •o

S.S.E.

24

0.0

—

—

0 A

12 p

.42

23

56.5

.468

97.0

E.S.E.

14

0.0

—

—

0 A

12 P

1.45

24

54-5

.450

94.0

N.N.E.

49

0.0

—

4 P

0 A

12 P

■85

25

49-0

.512

68.0

N.W.

166

35

26

—

0 A

2 A

.02

26

41-5

•432

62.0

N.N.W.

81

0.0

—

—

27

48.0

•370

905

N.N.W.

31

•05

10

8a

II A

6 p

17

28

47.0

.366

88.5

N.

73

0.0

—

—

II A

12 p

1-34

29

48.0

•463

74.0

N.W.

216

5-5

33

I P

ii:3oA

i2:3oP

.01

30

47.0

.501

64.0

W.N.W.

198

0.5

10

8a

31

51.0

.564

66.5

N.N.W.

91

0.5

10

I p

'Kain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

*Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during May was normal in most of its features, al-
though variations were quite pronounced at different periods of the
month. The first week was the warmest part of the month, while
from the 8th to the. 23d the temperature was considerably below the
mean for the month. Killing frosts were noted on the mornings of
the nth and 12th, and a rather heavy frost on the morning of the
15th. The amount of damage done was considerable, but varied
greatly in sections close to one another. The last decade of the
month was marked by two very heavy rain storms, which made
nearly the whole of the precipitation record.

The mean barometer was considerably higher than the normal for
May ; the maximum and minimum records, as well as the range of
pressure, showed practically no departure from normal values.

The total wind movement was about 80 per cent of the average
amount for May, and no gales were noted. The amount of wind
from the Northwest quadrant was about one-half the total.

The mean temperature was about one and one-half degrees below
the normal, and the range slightly greater than usual. The maxi-
mum record was about two degrees higher than the usual value, and
occurred so early in the month that it was more noticeable than it
otherwise would have been. The minimum record was more than a
week later than the maximum, and was preceded by the coldest day
of the month. The low relative humidity which prevailed during
the lowest temperatures of the month tended to minimize the dam-
age from freezing.

The mean dew point was rather low, and the relative humidity for
the month considerably higher than the normal.

The total precipitation was about one-third more than the normal,
and but little of it occurred prior to the heavy rains noted above.
Only two light thunder storms were noted.

The amount of sunshine was practically normal. The month
closed with the growing season somewhat behind the normal condi-
tions for the last of May.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
H. W. ANGIER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 294.

JUNE, 1913

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGllICULTURAL EXPElilMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground. Sift- Aboi'e sea level, 2'/j.^ ft.
Height of iViiui Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pregsure. In inclies.

Maxuuuiu reduced to freezing, 30 14. iDth, 9 A.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.34, 2d, 3 a.
Reduced! maximum reading, 30.43,10th, 9 A.
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.63, 2d, 3 A.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 29.996

Montlily range o.So

*Air Teinperivture. In Degrees Falir.

Highest 92.0. i6th, 3:30 p

Lowest 37.0, loth, 5 A

Mean hourly, 66.4

Mean of means of max. and min 66.0

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 594

Monthly range, 55 o

Highest mean daily 77.2, i6th

Lowest mean daily, 52.3i 9tli

Mean maximum So.o

Mean minimum, 5i-9

Mean daily range 28

Greatest daily range, 37.5,29th

Least daily range, 12.5,20th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 54.6

Mean force of vapor, 644

Mean relative humidity, 68.4

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation,

Nnmljer of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell, • 6

* Temperature in ground shelter.
Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 3746m.

Greatest daily movement, .... 227ni., 6th

Least daily movement 41m., 21st

Mean daily movement 125 m

Mean hourly velocity 5.2 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 4.5 lbs.=

3oin. per hour, 3d, 11 A., S.S.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24 m. per

hour, 3d, i P., S.S.W.
Prevailing Direction, West Northwest.

Summary.

North Northwest 20 per cent.

Northwest 10 " "

West 13 " "

West Southwest 10 " "

South 13 " "

Other directions 34 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, • • • • 35 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, 145 hrs.=32 per cent.

Number of clear days, 9

Number of fair days, 19

Number of cloudy days, 2

Bright Suiisliine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 312 hrs =
Rain, 2d, 4th, 7th, i6th, 19th, 20th, 21st.
Tliunder and Lifflitninff, 7th.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : None

6,S«.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to 1

V

c

S

ea Level.

Temperature, (jround Shelter.

1/1'^

a

3

3

3

J2
— "3

3 C
0 3
EC/)

c4

s

'5

a a

£

6

6

0 rt

rt x' a

<u 0 2

"0^

o'c;

Q

29.98

S

^r>

S

i"'

5

H

S2S

ssa

Sc^^

^m

I

2968

29849

8. .5

3^

44-5

5 A

63 0

653

58.5

11-3

2

30.01

29.63

29.S79

76.0

5:30 p

52.0

12 P

64.0

65-5

570

"•3

3

30.01

29.79

29.889

78.0

3P

43-5

5:30 A

60.7

63.2

56.3

II. 2

4

30.04

2980

29-932

80.0

3 i'

56.5

12 P

68.3

66 6

60.3

7.8

5

30.22

30.04

30.173

790

4 P

48.0

5 A

63-5

64.7

59-5

12.3

6

30.21

29.86

30.086

77.0

1:30 P

530

5A

65.0

649

58.5

9.7

7

30.05

29.72

29826

85.0

I P

53-5

12 P

693

67.0

61.0

6.1

8

30.21

30.05

30.129

65.0

3 P

48.0

5A

56.5

55-8

49-3

9-9

9

30-35

30.21

30285

61.5

I P

41.5

5 A

5'-5

523

46.0

10.4

lO

3043

30.24

30343

72-5

4 P

370

5 A

54-7

57-'

53-3

12.7

II

30.24

2993

30.083

79.0

3 P

44.0

4:30 A

61.5

655

55-7

13-0

12

30.09

2993

30013

82 0

I P

485

5:30 A

65.2

63.8

SS-7

12. 1

13

30.08

2980

29945

81.0

4 P

46.0

5:30 A

635

63.0

56.7

1 1.6

14

29.99

2980

29.845

870

2:30 P

55 5

5:30 A

71.2

70.2

61.5

12.6

•5

30 10

29.94

30035

830

2:30 P

49.0

5 A

660

67.2

59-7

12.0

16

29.94

29-75

29 800

92.0

3:30 P

62.5

4A

77-3

77.2

68.3

I 2.5

•7

30.05

2976

29952

835

3 P

580

12 P

70.7

72.3

62.7

10.0

18

30.24

30-05

30 207

78.0

4:30 P

45-5

5A

61.7

62.9

55-5

13.0

'9

30.22

30.04

30.154

74 5

1:30 P

46.5

5 A

60.5

59.8

54-7

75

20

30.04

29.74

29879

67.5

6 p

550

0 A

61.3

62.7

61.5

0-3

21

2980

29.72

29773

84.0

4:30 p

65 0

3A

74-5

72.5

65-5

9.0

22

30.01

29.80

29.924

81.5

4 P

59-0

5:30 A

70.3

70.3

60 7

'25

23

30.06

29.96

30.022

84.0

4 P

51.0

5A

67. 5

69.1

61.3

13.0

24

30.01

29.90

29943

855

3 P

565

5:30 A

71.0

71.8

64.0

12.0

25

3015

29-95

30.090

73-5

9A

59 5

5 A

665

66.0

62.3

9.2

26

30.18

3004

30.124

74-5

4 P

56.0

5 A

653

63.3

60.5

5.0

27

30.04

29.78

29 866

91.0

3 P

64 0

0 A

77-5

76.0

71.7

8.7

28

29.95

2977

29.8S7

87.0

4-30 p

61.0

12 P

74-0

75.0

59-2

II.O

29

30-03

29.95

30.007

86.0

3 P

48.5

5 A

^7.3

70.0

58.5

12.0

30

30.06

29.84

29955

905

330P

49-5

5-30 A

70.0

71.0

66.7

12.5

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

U^

Total in

4)

Q

0

a

>

a

c .
Sii

3 " 3

V

0.

c

"a

ti

Inches.

3 V

St,

rt rt £

<U D 3

> <u

£5

HS.S

t:^ 0

a
H

a
■3]
m

c
W

0

c
m

I

530

626

66.0

w.

191

40

28

6p

2

52.0

600

64.0

w.

224

3-5

26

8 a

I A

3 A

•C3

3

505

580

64.5

w.s.w.

199

4-5

30

II A

4

57-5

621

75 -o

E.S.E.

98

0.0

—

—

I A

4 A

.08

5

55-5

628

70 0

N.N.W.

70

0.0

—

—

6

55-0

586

75-5

S.

227

30

24

2 P

7

5«-5

634

76.5

N.N.W.

170

2.5

22

7 P

2 P

4 P

.24

8

430

440

64.0

N.

181

0.0

—

—

9

38.0

408

57-0

N.N.W.

171

1-5

17

9A

£0

495

495

71.0

N.N.W.

69

0 0

—

II

48.0

631

52-5

W.

141

I.O

14

4 P

12

51.0

569

66.0

E.

94

4.0

28,

2 P

13

52.0

558

71.0

S.S.E.

1 10

I 5

17

3 P

'4

57.0

694

67.5

W.N.W.

98

0.0

—

IS

54-5

652

66.0

W.S.W.

130

0.5

10

5 P

i6

64.5

877

70.5

W.

208

.05

10

4 P

II P

T

'7

56.5

785

59-5

N.W.

167

2.5

22

9 P

i8

50.0

575

62.0

N.W.

105

05

10

9A

'9

51.0

505

75.0

W.S.W.

85

0.0

—

2:30 P

12 P

•47

20

60.5

587

89.5

s.

48

0.0

—

—

9A

12 P

.06

21

62.5

756

76.0

N.E.

41

0.0

—

—

0 A

8a

.02

22

550

722

60.0

N.W.

94

0.0

—

—

23

56.0

719

63.0

N.N.W.

46

0.0

—

—

24

60.5

738

72.0

S.

100

0.0

—

—

25

59-5

678

77.0

E.S.E.

113

0 0

—

—

26

59.0

564

90.5

S.

78

00

—

—

27

70.5

889

835

s.w.

.36

0.0

—

—

28

50.5

757

50.0

N.N.W.

182

35

26

7 A

■29

49-5

742

48.5

N.

56

0.0

—

—

30

57-5

920

67.0

S.S.E.

114

1.0

>4

7 P

'Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

'Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during the month resembled that of June, last year,
in many respects. An unusually small precipitation, low relative
humidity and large amount of sunshine, were all much the same as a
year ago. The last third of the month was practically without rain.
The last half of the month was considerably warmer than the first
half.

A comparison of the records for the month of the several weather
elements with the normal values shows the following as the more
important features : The mean barometer was high for the time of
year and the range more than the average value. Fluctuations in
pressure were generally small and unimportant. \\ hile the total
wind movement was slightly greater than the normal no gales were
noted and no especially large daily wind movement recorded. Much
of the wind was from the northwest quadrant.

The mean temperature was slightly greater than the normal while
the maximum record was about the average value for this feature.
The maximum was about two degrees below the normal giving a
slightly greater range than usual. On the loth the minimum record
of 37 degrees was very close to the frost line but no frost was noted
at the station.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both rather low,
owing to the dry conditions prevailing.

The total precipitation was practically one-fourth the normal and
more than one-half of it occurred on a single date. Only one thun-
der shower was noted. Vegetation was much in need of rain at the
close of the month. The amount of sunshine was much greater
than the normal and but two cloudy days were noted.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

E. K. DEXTER, Observer.

BULLETIN No- 295.

JULY, 1913

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72" 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 31 ft. Above sea level, 2'/j.^ ft.
Height of Wind Instrntnents 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 29 90. 31st, 12 P
Minimum reduced to freezing. 29.26, 6th, 2 p.
Reduced! maximum reading, 30.19,31st, 12 p.
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.54, 6th, 2 p

Mean semi-daily reduced, 29.941

Monthly range, 0.65

•Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest, loo.o, ist, 3P.

Lowest, 410. 12th, 5:30 A

Mean iiourly, 71.4

Mean of means of max. and min., .... 71.6

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 63.5

Monthly range 59 o

Highest mean daily 81.8, ist

Lowest mean daily 61.8,7th

Mean maximum, 85.4

Mean minimum, 57-7

Mean daily range 27.7

Greatest daily range, 45-°. 12th

Least daily range, 10.5,24th

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 59,8

Mean force of vapor, 754

Mean relative humidity, 70.5

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, 1.59

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell, • 9

* Temperature in ground shelter.
tKeduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement, 43ism.

Greatest daily movement, .... 324m., loth

Least daily movement 46m., 20th

Mean daily movement 139 m

Mean hourly velocity, 5.8 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 2.7 Ibs.^

73m. per hour, 23d, 5 P., S.S.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 27m. per

hour, 23d, 4P., S.S.W.
Prevailing Direction, Southwest.

Summary.

South 29 per cent.

Northwest 13 " "

North Northwest 10 " "

South Southwest . . , 10 " "

South Southeast 10 " "

Other directions 28 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, . . . .39 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, i38hrs.=3o per cent.

Number of clear days, n

Number of fair days, 17

Number of cloudy days, 3

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 324 hrs=7oj(.

Bain, 2d, 8th, loth, 12th, 13th, i8th, 20th, 21st,

23d, 24th, 2Sth, 29th.

Thunder and L,igljtning, 8th, 13th, iSth,

2ist, 23d, 2Sth, 29th, 30th.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : 73m, 23d,

S.S.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

lU

S

ea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

S:5

e

S

>.

a

a

-a

JD

ii

3

3

'rt

2

3

■" c

v::

•X.'^

(4

S

s

'c

.T3
C J,

c
><

c4

6

S

0 ri
rt x' c;

M

do"

0 'bi

Q

29.88

s

S-j)

s

^

S

H

SSS

SKO

P3

I

2971

29789

lOO.O

3P

64.5

5A

«2 3

81.8

73-2

12.2

2

30.02

29.79

29910

88.5

2:30 p

70.5

SA

79-5

76.4

69.2

6.2

3

30.18

30.02

30-133

9(.o

4:30 p

S9-0

5A

75-0

75-1

68.7

12.7

4

30.18

2998

30-075

95 -o

3 P

61.5

4:30 A

7«-3

780

695

12.7

5

30.01

29-73

29.865

950

2 p

65-5

5A

80.3

79.8

71.7

9-5

6

2973

29.54

29.648

9>-5

I p

645

12 P

78.0

780

67-3

II.O

7

29.86

29.64

29775

70.0

3:30 P

54-5

5A

62.3

61.8

54.7

8.2

8

30.04

29.86

29988

82.0

2:30 p

45-5

5:30 A

63.7

637

56.5

12.5

9

30.04

29.80

29969

82.0

12 M

48.0

5 A

65.0

675

47-3

1 1-7

lO

29.87

29.71

29.786

79.0

2:30 P

63 0

12 P

71.0

70.6

62 0

1 1.2

II

29.97

29.86

29923

8i.o

3:30 P

5'5

5:30 A

66.5

66.3

58.3

12.0

12

29.98

29.66

29.819

860

2 P

41.0

5:30 A

63-5

67.0

63 0

10.3

'3

29.76

2964

29.712

87.0

4 P

62.5

2 A

74-7

75-3

657

12.2

14

29.99

2968

29.882

75-5

4:30 P

60 0

5:30 A

677

67.0

58.0

12.7

15

3006

29.97

30.023

815

3P

53 5

4:30 A

67.5

68,7

60.5

13-0

16

30.09

30.02

30.077

84.0

5 P

52.5

5A

68.3

69.5

62.5

13-5

17

3006

2989

29.976

86.0

3:30 p

505

5:30 A

683

69,8

62.0

11.5

18

29.91

29.69

29803

78.0

6 p

62 0

9A

70.0

67.4

63-3

45

19

29.76

29.70

29755

855

5 P

56.5

5:30 A

71.0

72.0

66.3

11.7

20

29.84

29.74

29823

87.0

2 p

57.0

6 A

72.0

67.8

63-3

8.5

21

3003

29^3

29934

82.5

4:30 p

530

5A

67.7

66 6

6.-5

"•3

22

30-13

3003

30.099

87.5

4 P

52.0

5:30 A

697

70.8

61.3

12.7

23

30.12

29.99

30.055

87.5

3:30?

630

5A

75-3

74.3

65.5

10.0

24

30.00

29.82

29 867

77-5

II A

67 0

12 P

723

71.4

66.7

1-5

25

30.12

29.82

29.995

79.0

4 P

540

12 P

66.5

67.8

57-5

12.7

26

30.19

3005

30.154

85 0

4 P

44.0

5 A

645

67 0

56.7

10.5

27

30>5

30.02

30.117

89.5

3 P

1^5

5:30 A

71-5

72.0

63.0

10.2

28

30.10

30 01

30.076

80.5

0:30 p

62.0

5 A

71-3

70.3

68.5

50

29

30.09

29.92

30.013

935

4:30 P

70.S

5 A

820

78.8

73-5

7-7

30

3007

29.91

29.985

905

5 P

?-5

6 a

79.0

78.8

69.7

"-3

31

3C.19

30.07

30.149

88.0

4P

60.0

5:30 A

74.0

73-4

63.0

12.8

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

^

Total in

Q

0

0.

>

;5 2

E (D rt

£ 5 J

>-•

be

'S

bi

Inches.

*

Q

3 U

So

1) 0) 3

> D

3>^

■5 ^^^

V 3

n: 0

c

0)

m

c

'•5

a
W

0

a

I

69.5 I

051

695

s.

198

0.0

2

65-5

895

72.5

s.

80

0.0

—

—

5 P

T

3

65-5

839

76.5

s.

59

0.0

—

—

4

66.0

887

74.0

s.

149

0.0

—

—

5

69.0

96S

740

s.

133

0.0

—

—

6

635

820

730

N.W.

182

2.0

20

4P

7

49 5

551

65.0

W.N.VV.

243

2.0

20

2 A

8

51.0

567

66.5

N.W.

88

0.0

—

3:30 P

T

9

59.0

65s

78.5

S.S.E.

192

4.0

28

12 M

10

58.0

686

72 0

S.

324

30

24

2 P

5 A

6:30 A

•03

II

50-5

695

53-5

N.W.

162

I.O

14

9A

12

59.0

706

72.0

S.

169

30

24

3P

8p

12 P

•30

13

61.0

819

67.5

s.s.w.

266

55

33

2 P

0 A

12 P

.14

14

52.0

644

60.5

W.N.W.

292

4.5

30

5 A

15

55 -o

722

59 5

N.W.

112

0-5

10

3 P

i6

57-0

77C'

60.5

N.N.W.

123

0-5

10

10 A

I?

585

093

71-5

N.N.W.

69

0.0

—

—

i8

61.5

623

90.0

S.

70

0.0

—

—

6a

9P

.14

«9

63 0

775

75-5

N.

74

0.0

—

—

20

605

668

80.5

W.

46

3-5

26

4 P

3 P

8:30 P

.06

21

570

674

71.0

N.E.

80

1.0

14

II A

II A

4 P

.01

22

55 5

723

635

w.s.w.

69

0.0

—

=3

60.5

822

65.5

s.s.w.

241

27.0

73

5 P

ii:3oP

T

24

64.5

752

8. .5

s.s.w.

161

0.0

II A

II P

•03

25

51.0

642

590

N.N.W.

160

1-5

17

4 P

26

49-5

637

575

S.W.

113

00

—

—

27

59.0

7'5

72.5

S.

134

0.0

—

—

28

67.0

766

86,0

S.S.E.

106

0.0

—

—

I P

3P

.86

29

72.0

939

845

S.S.E.

54

0.0

—

—

I A

2 A

.02

30

67.0

879

75.0

N.E.

87

0.0

—

—

31

57.0

805

58.5

N.N.E.

79

0.0

~

'Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

*Included in following^day.

REMARKS

The weather during the month was unusually dry and clear. Prior
to the heavy shower of the 28th, all the rainstorms were so light that
they were of little benefit to vegetation. Following the unusually
small rainfall of June, especially the entire absence of rain the latter
part of that month, with less than one half an inch the first half of
July, the ground near the surface was thoroughly dried out. While
the shower of the 28th did much good, a great deal more rain is
needed soon to mature growing crops.

High temperatures and much sunshine were also important features
of the month.

Comparing the month's records with the normals for this station
the following features are noted : The mean barometer was rather
low, while the range was about the usual amount. Changes in pres-
sure were generally slow and of small amount. The total wind
movement was about 25 per cent more than the July normal and a
comparatively large amount was from the south directions.

The mean temperature was about a degree and one-half higher
than the normal, and the maximum of 100 degrees, on the ist, has
been exceeded but a few times here. The first and last weeks were
the warmest parts of the month, while the coolest period was from
the 7th to the 22d.

The total precipitation was about one-third the normal amount,
and more than one-half the total occurred during a heavy thunder
shower on the 28th. Distant thunder or lightning was noted on
many more dates than usual.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both considerably
lower than the normals for these features.

The number of hours of bright sunshine recorded was one of the
largest records ever taken at this station : the number of cloudy days
noted was correspondingly small.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist
E. K. DEXTER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 296.

AUGUST, 1913

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2yj.j ft.
Height of Wind Itistruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure, In inches.

Maxiinuin reduced to freezing, 30 12, 20th, 8 A.
Miniimiin reduced to freezing, 29.40, 29th, 11 p.
Reduced! maximum reading,

30.41, 20th, 8 A., 2ist, 7 A.
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.69, 29tli,ii p.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 30.035

Montlily range 0.72

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest, 97.0, 17th, 3 p.

Lowest, 41.0, 26th, 6 A.

Mean hourly, 69.5

Mean of means of max. and min 69.9

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 623

Monthly range, 56 0

Highest mean daily, 78.4, iSth

Lowest mean daily, 61.8,25th

Mean maximum, 83.5

Mean minimum, 56.4

Mean daily range, 27.1

Greatest daily range, 43-°. 26th

Least daily range, 11.5,29th

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 58. 6

Mean force of vapor, 688

Mean relative humidity, ....... .74-2

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, 2.26

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell • 10

* Temperature in ground shelter,
t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind,

Total movement, 3441m.

Greatest daily movement, .... 254ni., 22d

Least daily movement, 27m., 3d, 31st

Mean daily movement, mm

Mean hourly velocity, 4.6 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 4.5 lbs.=

30m. per hour, 22d, 4 p., S.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m. per

hour, 22d, 2?., S.
Prevailing Direction, Southwest.

Summary.

South 19 per cent.

North Northeast 10 "

West Northwest 13 "

South Southwest 19 "

West Southwest 10 "

Other directions 29 "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, . . . .41 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, i47hrs.=34 per cent.

Number of clear days, 13

Number of fair days, 13

Number of cloudy days, 5

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 2S2hrs=66!(.

Rain, 2d, 4th, 6th, 7th, TOth, 13th, 14th, 17th,

22d, 23d, 27th, 29th, 30th.

Thunder and Liglitning, 4th, 27th, 29th,

30th.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : None.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

tu

S

ea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

^.5

c

E

_>.

S

H

Tl

.0

0 3

Z3

s

3
S
'5

.X)

3

s

6

3
S

S

I i.s

nl ^^ rt
<u 0 S

Q

30.19

S

^■n

S

H

S

H

SSS

s^q

SJ^^

M

I

29 98

30 06 1

74.0

6:30 P

60.0

2:30 A

67 0

68.1

64.7

2.0

2

29.99

29.89

29.946

89.0

2 P

64.0

12 P

76.5

75-0

645

10.9

3

29.97

29.80

29.896

89.5

3 i-

55-5

5:30 A

72-5

72.7

63-3

12. 1

4

2997

2981

29.8S6

80.0

4 V

590

12 P

69.5

683

61.7

5-7

5

30-15

29.97

30.117

840

3-3^ P

49-5

5:30 A

667

67.2

593

12.0

6

30-15

2999

30.075

81.5

I p

58.0

5 A

69.7

697

63.0

5-7

7

30.10

29.99

30032

84.0

4:30 p

63.0

5:30 A

73-5

72.1

66.3

lO.O

8

30.16

30 08

30-137

87.0

2:30 p

54.0

5:30 A

70.5

7J-5

65-3

1 1.8

9

30-14

29.89

29977

86.0

3 P

65.5

4:30 A

75 7

75 4

70.5

4-0

10

29.98

29.81

29.892

88.0

3:30 P

63 0

12 P

755

76.3

68 7

7-0

II

3021

29.9S

30.104

78.0

3P

505

6 A

643

64.2

535

118

12

30.28

30.17

30.224

80.0

3:30 P

44-5

6a

^'2.3

62.8

54-3

1 1-3

13

3o.f9

30.06

30.135

77-5

3 P

54-0

6a

65.7

65.1

60.5

7-3

14

30.16

3007

30135

790

4:30 p

.S3 5

5A

663

64.6

59-3

7-5

15

30 H

3003

30-093

855

4 P

550

6a

703

698

62.7

I '-5

16

30.09

2990

29984

940

4 P

57-0

6 A

75-5

749

66.3

II.O

17

2997

2989

29944

97.0

3 P

il^

6a

797

77-7

703

85

18

30.07

29-95

299^3

91.0

12 M

685

6 A

797

7«-4

72.5

9.0

19

30-32

30-07

30-23'

860

4 P

57-0

12 p

715

71-7

59 5

1 1.O

20

30.41

30.32

303S8

83.0

4:30 P

49-5

6 a

66.3

65.8

56.5

12 0

21

3041

30.20

30-305

79.0

4 P

47-0

6 A

63.0

636

54-7

II. I

22

30.20

2983

29.959

78.0

1:30 p

50.5

5:30 A

643

653

60 3

8-2

23

2993

29-73

29.S19

81 0

2 P

61 0

12 P

71.0

71 4

64.5

'03

24

29-95

2982

29904

830

3 P

530

6a

680

67.1

60 0

II-5

25

30.07

29.89

30.056

77-5

4 P

50.5

6a

64 0

61.8

52-3

1 1.6

26

30.07

29.92

30.012

84.0

3 P

41.0

6 a

62.5

63.8

56.3

II.O

27

30.02

29.88

29972

S3S

3 P

65.0

12 p

74-3

72.6

660

5-9

28

30.09

29.96

30.030

86.0

3:30 P

54.5

6:30 A

70.3

69.8

61.5

10. 1

29

29.96

29.69

29.779

76.0

5:30 p

64.5

8:30 A

70.3

69.7

67.7

1-5

30

3001

29.72

29.885

82.0

3P

62.5

12 P

72.3

69.9

63-3

8.8

31

3c. 20

30.01

30.131

830

3:35 p

54.0

6a

68.5

68.7

62.0

10.2

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

f^

Total in

Q

u

0

a,

oi

>

>>

;S 2

<U -SI

S D 5

£ 5 CT

0)

ft

bi
c

'5

bi

Inches.

#

a

Six, <

(i> <u 3

'3 tj

t/1 Ut

s

a
bo
CQ

W

0

a

I

635

690

840

s.

105

0.5

10

1:30?

2

60.5

760

70 0

W.N.W.

78

0.0

—

—

I A

2 A

T

3

60.0

701

74-5

W.N.W.

27

0.0

—

—

4

59-0

632

81.5

N.N.E.

85

0.0

—

—

7 A

II A

.21

5

54-5

653

66 0

N.N.E.

62

0.0

—

—

6

59-5

683

77.0

S.

179

1-5

18

4 P

2 P

12 P

■03

7

64.0

750

80.5

N.

66

0.0

—

—

0 A

2 A

.01

8

62.0

73'

72.0

S.

108

0.0

—

—

9

68.0

872

81.5

s.s.w.

195

0.0

—

—

10

66.5

830

790

w.

108

4.0

28

5 P

7:30 A

8 P

.01

1 1

45.0

582

51-5

N.N.W.

227

3-0

24

10 A

12

4«-5

645

64.0

s.w.

62

0.0

—

—

13

5^-5

593

82.0

s.s.w.

117

2.0

20

4 P

II A

6:30 P

.18

14

560

594

77-5

S.E.

3«

0.0

—

—

6a

T

15

59.5

688

74.0

S.S.E.

72

0.0

—

—

16

63.0

8C.3

74.0

s.

60

0.0

—

—

'7

68.5

844

82.0

S.

50

I.O

14

3 P

4P

T

18

68.0

916

81.0

E.

60

1-5

17

I p

19

53 5

700

59.0

N.N.E.

143

0-5

10

6p

20

49-5

627

57-5

S.

60

0.0

—

—

21

490 •

549

645

S.S.W.

147

1-5

17

5 P

22

56.5

634

735

S.S.W.

254

4-5

30

4 P

7 P

12 P

.24

23

61.5

713

77-5

W.N.W.

247

0.5

10

12 M

0 A

5A

.20

24

55-5

643

69 0

W.S.W.

81

0.0

—

—

25

46.5

503

63.5

N.

94

1-5

—

—

26

530

555

775

S.S.W.

157

30

24

12 M

27

64.0

7'7

845

W.S.W.

146

1.0

14

2 A

I A

3:30 p

.01

28

56.5

693

67.0

w.

58

0.0

—

—

29

67.0

718

94.0

s.s.w.

1 85

2.0

20

4 P

4:30 A

12 P

1.20

30

6.-5

645

85.0

W.S.W.

143

0.0

—

—

0 A

4 A

•17

3'

59-0

655

765

W.N.W.

27

0.0

**l<ain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during August was especially marked by the small
precipitation and large amount of sunshine. The droughty condi-
tions, which were noted in July, continued up to nearly the end of
August before any heavy rain occurred. On the 29th, heavy show-
ers, with unusually severe thunder and lightning, did much to relieve
the drought and replenish the water supplies in this vicinity.

An analysis of the records of the several weather elements for the
month and comparison with the normals for this station shows the
following as the more important features: The mean barometer was
practically normal while the maximum and minimum were both
above the normals for these records. The total wind movement was
slightly greater than usual and a large amount was from the south-
west quadrant. No gales were recorded during the month.

The mean temperature was about two degrees higher than the
normal and the maximum temperature was an unusually high
record for August. The minimum temperature was a degree lower
than usual giving a large range for the month.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both lower than
the normal and the amount of sultry weather for the time of year
was small.

The total precipitation was practically two inches less than the
normal and nearly two-thirds of the total fell during the storm of the
29th. During this storm, thunder and lightning was nearly incess-
ant for more than an hour.

The amount of sunshine was much greater than usual and but
few cloudy days w'ere noted.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist

E. K. DEXTER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 297.

SEPTEMBER, 1913

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' lo" W.

Height of barometer above grou/id, 31 ft. Above sea level, ^73-5 fi-
Height of Wind Instrume?its 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maxuuuni reduced to freezing, 30 28, i6th, 8 A.
Mini]nuni reduced to freezing, 29.46, 13th, 4A.
Reduced) nia.\iuiuni reading, 30.58, i6th, 8 A.
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.75, 13th, 4 a.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 3o-i34

Montlily range, 0.83

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 87.5, 2d, 2:30?.

Lowest 31.0, 15th, 6 A.

Mean iiourly, 59-7

Mean of means of max. and min., .... 60.0

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 54 2

Monthly range, 565

Highest mean daily, 73-8, 3d

Lowest mean daily, 480, 15th

Mean ma.ximum 7i-7

Mean minimum, 4S.3

Mean daily range, 23.4

Greatest daily range 42.5, i6th

Least daily range 5-o, 19th

Humidity.

Mean dew point S'o

Mean force of vapor, 493

Mean relative humidity, ....... .80.2

Precipitation. In inches.

Wind.

Total movement, 3220m.

Greatest daily movement, .... 293ni., 22d

Least daily movement gni., 5th

Mean daily movement, 107 m

Mean hourly velocity, 4-5 ni

Maximum pressure per square foot, 6.5 lbs.=

36ni. per hour, 22d, 5 A., S.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m. per

hour, 13th, IP., W.N.W.
Prevailing Direction, Northwest.

Summary.

South 27 per cent.

North 17 " "

North Northeast 10 " "

North Northwest 10 " "

Other directions 38 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, . . . .47 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, i9ihrs.=5i percent.

Number of clear days, 8

Number of fair days, 10

Number of cloudy days, 12

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 182 hrs=49*.

Rain, 2d, 4th, 5th, 7th, Sth, 13th, 17th, iSth,

19th, 20th, 2ISt, 22d.

Thunder and Liglitning, none.

Total precipitation 2.56 Frosts, loth, nth, 15th, i6th, 2Sth.

Number of days on which .01 inch or more Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : 35m, 9th,

rain fell • "IN.: 36in, 22d, S.

♦Temperature in ground shelter,
t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

II

a

B

>.

£

c

-a

JO

3 C
0 3

c4

3
6

'c

■5
.-0

S
><

V

B

3

S

>. 1.;

<v 0 "

Ji'B

get;

6 bi

Q

s

is

^■s>

850

H

S

H

sss

sia

Sc^iS

ffl

I

30.27

30.20

30.258

4P

60.0

6a

72.5

69.8

65-3

6-5

2

30.31

30-21

30.256

87.5

2:30 P

66.0

8a

76.7

72.9

68 5

7-4

3

30.21

30.01

30.108

86.0

3:30 P

63-5

5:30 A

69.7

73-8

66.5

9.1

4

30.16

30.04

30.137

71.0

0 A

57-5

4P

643

62.5

593

0.0

5

30-17

30.12

30-139

60.5

5P

54-5

12 P

57-5

57.8

56.5

0.0

6

30.27

30.17

30.230

79.0

4 P

50.0

3:30 A

64.5

633

59-3

9.0

7

30.28

30.04

30.200

67-5

3P

57.0

5 A

62.3

63.6

61.3

0.0

8

30.04

29.84

29.940

825

3P

590

12 P

70.7

70-5

64.7

4-5

9

30.42

30.01

30183

66.0

5 P

430

12 P

54 5

56.0

47,0

5-0

10

30.48

30-27

30.388

695

5 P

38-5

6 A

540

5--3

46.3

7-5

II

30.27

3005

30.135

69.5

5P

3^5

7 A

52-5

528

46.3

55

12

30.05

29.83

29.917

70.5

3:30 P

46.0

4:30 A

58.3

57-4

530

4.0

13

30.08

29.75

29.890

70.0

2 p

48.0

12 P

64.0

60.7

5I-3

10.0

14

3043

30.08

30-301

64.0

3:30 p

380

6a

5'-o

505

44 7

no

15

3056

3043

30-534

68.0

4P

3to

6 A

48.5

48.0

41.5

II.O

16

30.58

30-43

30.510

74.0

3 P

31-5

6:30 A

52.7

52-3

455

10.7

17

3043

29.99

30.201

75.0

3:30 P

47-0

3A

61.0

60.7

56.5

6.0

18

29.99

29.83

29.884

730

2:30 p

59.0

12 P

660

664

60.5

1.6

19

2999

2992

30.002

59.0

0 A

54.0

12 P

57-5

56.3

53-5

0.0

20

30 02

29.98

30.012

61 0

4 P

53-5

3A

57-3

57-0

55-5

0 0

21

2999

29.82

29924

73-0

12 p

57-0

5:30 A

65.0

64-5

63.7

0.2

22

30.00

29.80

29S47

730

0 A

57-0

12 P

65 0

67..

643

0.6

23

30.26

30.00

30.220

67.5

3:30 P

46.0

6a

56.7

55-9

49.0

10.1

24

3035

30.26

30.322

71.0

4 P

39-5

6:30 A

55-3

54-3

48.3

10.3

25

30-30

3014

30235

77.0

2:30 p

40.5

5:30 A

58.7

58-5

50.7

10 0

26

30.14

29.88

29.983

78.5

3:30 p

48.0

7 A

63-3

62.4

55-7

9-5

27

30.21

29.91

30.066

67.5

4 P

45-0

12 P

56.3

58.3

49-7

10. 0

28

3032

30.12

30-183

70.0

3 P

33-5

6:30 A

5'.7

5^-7

43-3

10.6

29

3c. 12

29.87

29934

76.5

3:30 p

46.5

7A

61.5

58.7

507

7 7

30

30.11

29.98

30.08S

595

3 P

450

6 A

523

53-5

49 7

45

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

fe

Total in

Q

0
0.

>

•-2

■Mi

c .

S 3 o-

be

c

bi

Inches.

Q

3 !>

5fc

<u 0) 3

> <u

nl 0) 1-.

^ 0

s

a

'bn
<u
DQ

a
W

0

a

J

64 0

677

89.5

s.

63

0.5

10

4 P

2

67.5

732

940

• s.

Si

0.0

—

3A

4A

.01

3

64.0

755

80.5

s.

143

0-5

10

3 P

4

57-5

545

860

N.N.E.

95

0.0

8a

12 P

•52

5

55-5

477

930

N.N.E.

9

0.0

—

0 A

8:30 A

.67

6

57-5

546

89-5

W.

41

0.0

—

7

59-5

586

89-5

s.

86

0.0

—

3P

12 P

.04

8

62.0

701

80.5

W.N.W.

100

3-5

26

5 P

5:30 P

T

9

40.5

414

61.0

N.

219

6.0

35

9A

10

42.0

360

75.0

N.

97

I.O

14

I p

II

42.5

360

77.0

N.E.

29

0.0

—

—

12

50-5

447

85-5

E.S.E.

49

0.0

—

—

13

44-5

485

62.0

W.N.W.

259

5-0

32

2 p

0 A

4A

.10

14

395

351

79-5

N.N.W.

122

1.0

14

9?

•5

37-5

298

76.0

N.N.W.

57

0.0

—

i6

41.0

361

74-5

N.

51

0.0

—

—

17

53 5

527

81.5

S.

197

2.0

20

5 P

3A

12 P

.08

i8

5«5

5S3

85.0

S.

129

4.0

28

10 A

0 A

12 P

•13

19

52-5

433

91.0

N.

i°3

0.0

—

—

0 A

12 P

.i8

20

54.0

462

895

N.N.E.

80

0.0

—

—

7 P

12 P

.11

21

61.5

611

92.0

S.E.

122

0.5

10

10 A

0 A

12 P

•23

22

62.5

683

85,0

S.

293

6.5

36

5A

0 A

3P

•49

23

450

410

72.5

N.W.

104

0-5

10

I P

24

45-0

385

77-5

N.

36

0.0

—

—

25

47-5

434

80.0

W.

41

0.0

—

—

26

540

491

88.0

, S.

if3

0.5

10

5 P

27

43-5

454

62.5

N.N.W.

200

25

22

9A

28

365

348

635

s.w.

no

0.5

10

4P

29

46.5

444

730

s.w.

139

0.5

10

2 p

30

44-5

429

705

N.E.

52

0.0

**Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

'Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during September was generally seasonable, although
some of the weather elements showed considerable departures from
their normals. The precipitation was much below the normal amount,
although slightly greater than that of the preceding month. Every
month since May has shown a marked deficiency in rainfall, and the
accumulated deficiency since June ist is nearly ten inches. The
generally high barometer during the month was an important if not
particularly noticeable feature.

A comparison of the records of the several elements with the nor-
mals shows the following interesting features : The mean barometer
was the highest for that feature since 1894 ; the maximum and mini-
mum pressures were both considerably greater than usual, while the
range was nearly a normal value. The total wind movement was
slightly below the average, and comparatively few days showed a
large daily movement. More than the usual amount was from the
South. Only two light gales were noted.

The mean temperature was slightly lower than the normal, while
the maximum and minimum records were both close to the normal
values for those records. The first frost was noted on the 10th, and
killing frosts on the T5th and i6th. The coldest day was about the
middle of the month,

The mean dew point was about three degrees lower than the nor-
mal, and the relative humidity was considerably greater than usual.

The total precipitation was about sixty per cent of the usual
amount, and about one-half the total occurred during the equinoctial
period. Water supplies are at a low stage in this vicinity.

The month was slightly more cloudy than usual.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist
E. K. DEXTER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 298.

OCTOBER, 1913

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGKICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72" 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground^ 51 ft- Above sea levels 273'5 fi'
Height of Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pregsure, In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 3021,23d, 8 A.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 2S.85, 20th, gp.
Keducedt maximum reading, 30.52, 23d, 8 A.
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.14, 20th, 9 P.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 29.970

Montiily range, 1.38

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest, 79.0, loth, 4P.

Lowest, 24.5, 31st, 12 p

Mean hourly, 54.7

Mean of means of max. and min., .... 55.5

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 50 3

Monthly range, 54-5

Higiiest mean daily, 68.0, loth

Lowest mean daily, 33-S, 31st

Mean maximum, 63.5

Mean minimum, 47.5

Mean daily range, 16.0

Greatest daily range, 3i-0, 23d

Least daily range, 4-5, ist

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 46.5

Mean force of vapor, 424

Mean relative humidity, 79.2

Wind.

Total movement, 4698m.

Greatest daily movement,. . . . 490m., 21st

Least daily movement, I3ni., 9th

Mean daily movement 151 m

Mean hourly velocity, 6.3 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 23.0 lbs. =

68m. per hour, 14th, ip., N.N.E.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36m. per

hour. 20th, 8p., S.S.W.
Prevailing Direction, North.

Summary.

North 26 per cent.

North Northeast 16 " "

Northwest 10 " "

Other directions 48 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, .... 63 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, 25ohrs. = 73 per cent.

Number of clear days, 3

Number of fair days, 10

Number of cloudy days, 18

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 91 hrs=27lt.

Kain,ist,2d, 7th, 8th, 9th, nth, 12th, 13th

14th, 15th, iSth, 19th, 20th, 24th, 25th, 26th,

27th, 28th, 3otli.

Snow, 31st.

Hail, 14th.

Frosts, 22d, 23d, 31st.

Thunder and Liglitning, none.

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, 5-i6

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell, • ijlGales, 35 or more miles per hour: 68m, 14th,

Total snow in inches TracelN.N.E.; 44m, 20th, S.S.W. ; 35m, 21st, W.S.W.

*Temperature in ground shelter,
t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

v

11

e

B

.Hr

S

S

13

J2

0 3

S

nl

3
E

'rt

.-a

a -

nl 5

a

B

ni X' c

Sets

2n

Q

30.09

S

s^

%

H

S

H

sss

Sffia

Sc^^

C3

I

29-73

29.950

53-5

12 P

490

6 A

51-3

50.9

48.5

0.0

2

2973

29.25

29.378

59-5

3 P

53-5

0 A

56.5

564

547

0.0

3

29.68

2933

29-565

65-5

I p

46.5

6:30 A

56.0

56.5

50.5

6-5

4

29.91

29.68

29.826

71-5

3:30 p

53-5

6 A

62.5

61.4

54-0

9.1

5

30.11

2991

30.047

78.5

3P

55-0

5:30 A

66.7

64.0

55-3

7-9

6

30.22

30.11

30.197

685

3P

46.5

4:30 A

57-5

58.4

55-7

0-5

7

30.26

30.21

30.248

68.0

3P

60.5

0:30 A

64 3

63.6

61.0

00

8

3023

3015

30.192

74-5

4P

61.5

5:30 A

68.0

66.5

62.5

37

9

30.16

30.10

30-135

73-5

12:30 P

63.5

5:30 A

68.5

67.2

63-5

3-1

10

30.18

30.09

30.139

79.0

4P

63-5

6 A

71-3

68.0

637

5-7

II

30- 1 5

29.94

30.051

69.5

11:30 A

62.0

6 A

65.7

646

60.7

0.6

12

29.99

29.91

29.958

62.0

4P

550

8a

58.5

55-3

50-5

2.2

13

30.07

29.90

30.006

525

12:30 P

35-5

7 A

44.0

44.4

40.7

0.0

14

30.09

29.78

29.960

570

3 P

37-5

6:30 A

47-3

47-5

38.0

5-1

'5

29.89

29.76

29885

62.5

2 P

43-5

6 A

530

51-9

56.5

4-7

16

3003

29.82

29.923

68.0

I P

52-7

3A

60.3

58.4

51-5

4-5

•7

30.10

30.03

30.079

71.0

3:30 P

47-5

5:30 A

593

58.0

523

9-7

18

30.06

29.91

29-983

66.0

I P

45-5

6:30 A

55 7

57-3

530

3-0

•9

30.02

29.76

29-943

57.0

0 A

495

12 P

53-3

53-2

49.0

0.0

20

29.76

29.14

29-233

65 0

6 P

49-5

0 A

57-7

587

57.0

0.2

21

30.02

29.23

29 693

54-5

12:30 P

42.0

12 P

48.3

48.1

40.7

4.2

22

30.41

30.02

30-347

57-5

3:30 P

29.5

7 A

43-5

41.7

33-0

9-2

23

30.52

30.38

30.465

60.0

3P

29 0

6:30 A

445

44-3

367

8.3

24

30.38

29.92

30.152

61.0

12 P

430

3A

52.0

497

48.5

0.0

25

29.92

29.81

29-877

64.0

3P

59-0

12 P

615

62.3

60.7

0.0

26

29.86

29.74

29.809

60.5

5:30 A

51.0

12 P

557

55-3

53-5

0.0

27

29.98

29.80

29939

62.5

4 P

43-5

12 P

53-0

51-7

47-7

6.7

28

2998

29.80

29.911

69.0

3:30 P

42.0

3A

55-5

523

50-3

1-4

29

30.00

2979

29915

66.0

3:30 P

395

6:30 A

527

50.4

44-0

8-5

30

30.10

2973

29.925

505

12:30 P

3S.5

12 P

44-5

44-5

39-3

4-3

31

30.37

30.10

30274

■

42.0

12:30 p

24.5

12 P

33-3

33-8

27-3

2.9

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

£

Total in

Q

0

0.

>

|.i

0) in

C 3 CT

a.

bi

'5

bi)

Inches.

*

Q

lu 0 3

£15

rt S I.

" M (U

en vJ

r:3 0

a;

s

5/3
aj

m

■5

c
W

c
'3

i

0

c

I

465

364

88.5

S.E.

95

0.0

3A

12 P

•35

2

54,0

457

89.5

N.N.W.

120

0.0

—

—

0 A

9P

■23

3

46.5

429

750

N.N.W.

144

30

24

II p

4

48.5

523

66.5

N.

383

4-5

30

10 A

5

5'-o

526

72.0

N.

200

I.O

14

2 A

6

53-5

489

87.0

N.

41

0.0

—

—

7

59-5

S^Z

87.0

N.

23

0.0

—

—

5 P

12 P

T

8

61.0

613

8S.O

S.S.E.

22

0.0

—

—

7 P

12 P

.01

9

62.0

623

91.0

E.

13

0-5

10

6p

0 A

2 p

.01

lO

62.0

638

88.5

S.

31

0.0

—

—

II

59.0

577

86.5

S.S.E.

107

0.0

—

—

10 P

12 p

.01

12

495

Z^i

93-5

N.N.E.

125

45

30

II A

0 A

9A

•74

13

39-0

275

87.5

N.

65

2.0

20

9 P

12 M

6 p

•'3

'4

27.5

293

53-5

N.

413

23.0

68

I p

4P

9 P

.10

'5

40.5

385

66.5

N.N.E.

361

4-5

30

7 P

5 P

T

i6

47 -o

45S

70.0

N.N.E.

339

50

32

I p

'7

49-5

446

78.5

N.N.E.

134

1-5

17

II A

i8

505

448

84.0

s.s.vv.

87

0.0

—

—

8 p

12 p

.09

'9

46.5

i^i

84.0

N.

130

0.0

—

—

0 A

12 p

.09

20

54-0

525

82.0

s.s.w.

285

9-5

44

9 P

0 A

6p

.76

21

330

313

60.0

w.s.w.

490

6.0

35

12 M

22

25 5

221

63.0

N.

88

0.0

—

—

23

3' 5

259

71.0

N.E.

60

0.0

—

—

24

46.5

367

88.5

S.E.

27

2-5

22

10 P

10 A

12 p

.26

25

60.0

559

935

s.

160

2.0

20

I A

0 A

12 P

1.67

26

525

437

91.0

N.N.E.

167

0.0

—

—

0 A

12 P

.65

27

45.0

363

83.0

W.s.w.

88

0.0

—

—

0 A

4A

T

28

47-5

424

f^-5

w.

72

00

—

—

12 M

i2:3op

.06

29

40.5

321

80.5

N.W.

54

0.0

—

—

30

31.0

299

59-5

N.W.

194

3-0

24

9 A

3P

T

31

19-5

171

63.5

N.N.W.

180

3-5

26

I P

10 A

T

'Kain or melted snow at base of tower.

*Included in followingday.

REMARKS

During October the most noticeable feature of the weather was
the large amount of cloudiness and the frequency of precipitation.
Precipitation occurred on twenty dates and a measureable amount
on fifteen days. For the first time since May the monthly precipita-
tion was more than the normal. Several rainstorms of moderate
amount occurred prior to the 21st. The storm of the 2 4th-2 6th,
however, was by far the heaviest of the month. One half the total
precipitation occurred at this time and the drought which had pre-
vailed for several months was effectually broken. Notwithstanding
the large amount of cloudiness the month was much warmer than
usual.

An analysis of the records of the several weather elements shows
the following as the more important features : The mean barometer
was considerably lower than the normal and the range larger than
usual. The maximum pressure for the month followed the minimum
in less than two and one-half days. The total wind movement was
large for the time of year and an unusually large amount was from
the North.

The mean temperature was about five degrees above the normal
while the maximum was practically normal. The minimum tempera-
ture was slightly higher than the normal for this element and was
reached at midnight of the last day of the month. Until the last
day the minimum for the month was 29 degrees, an exceptionally
high figure.

The mean dew point was about five degrees higher than usual
and the relative humidity about five points above the normal.

The total precipitation was about forty per cent more than the
normal and was well distributed. A light snow flurry occurred on
the last day of the month.

Only three gales were registered during the month ; the one on
the 14th was unusually heavy for this locality.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist
E. K. DEXTER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 299.

NOVEMBER, 1913

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, ^r ft. Above sea level, 2yj.j ft.
Height of Wind histruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maxunuiu reduced to freezing, 30 4i,2Sth,ii A.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 28.78, gth, 5 p.
Keducedt maximum reading, 30.72, 28th, 11 a.
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.07, gth, 5 p.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 30.129

Montiily range, 1.65

•Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Higliest, 68.0, 20th, 12 m.

Lowest, 23.0, ist,5:30A; 27th,7:30A; 28th,4:30A.

Mean hourly, 41.6

Mean of means of max. and min 41.8

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 36 6

Monthly range 45.0

Highest mean daily, 58.5, gth

Lowest mean daily, 2S.5,2Sth

Mean maximum, 50.7

Mean minimum, 32-9

Mean daily range, i7-8

Greatest daily range, 40.5, 6th

Least daily range, 3-5. i6th

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 32.1

Mean force of vapor, 259

Mean relative humidity, 74.0

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, 2. 11

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell, * 9

Total snow in inches 2.5

♦Temperature in ground shelter,
t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement, 5003m.

Greatest daily movement, .... 497ni., loth

Least daily movement 37m., 6th

Mean daily movement, 167 m

Mean hourly velocity, 7.0 m.

Maximum pressure per square foot, 14.5 Ibs.^

54ni. per hour, 23d, if., N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 3gm. per

hour, gth, 5P., S.E.
Prevailing Direction, Northwest.

Summary.

North 13 per cent.

North Northwest 13 " "

Northwest 17" "

West Northwest 10 " "

South Southwest 10 " "

Other directions 37 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, .... 53 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, i8ohrs.=6i per cent.

Number of clear days, 4

Number of fair days, 10

Number of cloudy days, 16

Briglit Sunsliine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 113 hrs=39!(.

Rain, 3d. 4th, 8th, gth, 13th,

14th, igth, 20th, 24th, 28th, 2gth.

Snow, i6th, 28th, 29th.

Hail,

Frosts,

Tliunder and Lightning,

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : 38m, ist,

W; 43ni, 4th, N.W.; 53m, ght, S.E.; 41m, loth,

S.S.W.; 54m, 23d, N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

<u

c

B

>.

a

g

-d

_^

5 c

0 3

^

3

'rt

5

■*^ c

D'g

l^t/;

(4

S

rt

'5

li

c

V

s

S

6

0 rt

n! x" a
0) rt.-

S3£

= 523

if

Q

3037

i

§:/!

47-5

H

S

H

SSS

sia

s,-^^

m

I

30.06

30.187

3:30 P

23.0

5:30 A

353

37-7

33 7

6.1

2

30.36

30.12

30.308

51.0

3 P

34-0

12 P

42.5

436

37-0

2.0

3

30.40

30,08

30.291

54.0

2:30 p

32.0

6a

430

42.5

37-3

2.2

4

30.09

2993

29.999

52.5

12 M

40.0

12 p

46.3

45-8

39-5

4-4

5

30.28

30.09

30.255

49.0

2 P

30.0

12 p

39-5

38.0

30.5

8.5

6

30.30

30.21

30.263

65.0

3P

24.5

7A

44 7

42.0

340

8.6

7

30-23

30.10

30.184

66.5

3P

27-5

7 A

47-0

442

35-5

7-5

8

30.12

29.76

29.961

58.0

12 P

345

5A

46.3

45-4

463

0 0

9

29.76

29.07

29-365

64.5

2 P

49-0

12 P

56.7

58.5

55-3

0.0

10

29.77

2932

29.638

49.0

0 A

31.0

12 P

40.0

40.3

32.5

3-0

II

30.02

29.77

29909

385

3 P

24.5

7:30 A

31-5

32.5

28 0

6.0

12

30.24

30.02

30203

46.5

2:30 P

32.0

9P

39-3

37-4

3'-7

60

13

30.19
30.22

30-03
29.99

30.094
30.093

52.0
47.0

'4P
12 M

360
32.0

0 A
12 P

440

44.7
42.5

40.7
380

0.1

14

39-5

0.0

15

3031

30.21

30.255

43-5

2:30 P

2.S.5

7:30 A

34-5

33 9

280

7-1

16

3021

30.00

30.092

33-5

I P

30.0

7 A

31-7

3'-8

307

0.0

17

30.07

29.98

30.017

48.5

3:30 P

29.5

7 A

390

36.8

32.0

8.7

18

30.01

29.91

29.985

590

2 P

305

7:30 A

44-7

44.0

37-3

6.2

19

30.08

29,87

29.995

55-0

12 M

445

0:30 A

49 7

50.8

46.7

0-5

20

30.07
30.30

29.82
30,07

29.939
30263

680
60.0

12 M

3 P

49-5
35.0

12 P
7:30 A

58-7

58-3
47.2

51-3
40.0

75

21

47-5

8.0

22

30.29

30.04

30.195

64.0

3P

47.0

3A

55-5

54.5

515

3-5

23

30.04

29.81

29.932

65.0

11:30 A

430

12 P

540

52-5

46,7

2-3

24

30.02

29.84

29.952

430

0 A

30.5

6:30 A

36.7

m

32.3

04

25

30.20

30.00

30.157

43-5

3:30?

33.0

8:30 P

38-3

36,8

307

7.0

26

3031

29-95

30.103

50.0

3 P

28.0

12 P

390

40.0

327

1.8

27

■ 30.63

30.31

30.585

36.0

3 P

23.0

7:30 A

29.^

29-S

25.0

6.0

28

30,72

3054

30.647

32-5

2 p

23 0

4:30 A

27.7

28,5

27.7

0.0

29

3054

3042

30.469

38.0

4 P

31.0

3A

34.5

339

335

00

30

30.55

30.47

30.520

40.0

3 P

33-5

7:30 A

367

36.5

33-3

0.0

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

^

Tot

il in

u

— <u

Inc

IBS.

Q

0
a

>

c .

5Ji

S 0) rt

S 5 a-

P.

c

#

>>

i °

Mean
Relat
Hunii

'c5 tj

> (U

£2

231

a 0} u

" 1- 0)

:n 0

c
'So
m

'■5

a
W

0

c
in

I

27.0

233

69.5

W.N.W.

7.0

38

II A

2

30.0

263

64.5

N.N.W.

209

I.O

14

II A

3

32-5

258

730

s.s.w.

116

I.O

14

3P

8 A

T

4

33-5

28S

70.0

N.W.

334

9.0

43

I A

I A

10 A

.05

5

360

198

49-5

N.VV.

209

1-5

17

2 A

6

26.0

247

62.5

N.W.

37

0.0

—

—

7

30.0

255

73-0-

S.

65

0.5

10

3 P

8

45-5

344

935

w.

46

0.0

—

—

5A

12 P

•13

9

535

478

«5-5

S.E.

336

140

53

5 P

0 A

9P

•65

10

23-5

221

58.5

S.S.W.

497

85

41

I p

II

20.0

180

63 0

s.w.

236

I.O

14

5P

12

25.0

20s

68.0

W.N.W.

215

I.O

14

8 A

13

34-5

302

67.0

s.s.w.

185

0.5

10

4 P

12 M

T

14

330

257

75.0

N.

85

0.5

10

9P

9A

2 P

.12

15

20.5

177

655

N.N.W.

89

0.0

—

—

16

29.0

175

95.0

N.N.W.

46

0.0

—

—

2 A

11 P

.20

■5

17

28.5

195

84.5

N.

76

0.0

—

—

18

33-0

260

74-5

S.W.

88

0.0

—

—

19

43-5

361

80.0

S.E.

71

I.O

14

12 P

9A

12 P

.0 1

20

47.0

451

725

W.S.W.

289

5-5

33

I P

0 A

5A

.11

21

35-5

288

77.0

N.

49

o-S

10

9P

22

49.0

410

87.5

S.

165

0.0

—

—

~3

42.0

372

74-5

W.N.W.

263

145

54

I P

24

26.5

204

72-5

N.W.

82

1-5

17

10 p

II A

3P

T

25

22.5

203

60.5

N.N.W.

247

2.5

22

3A

26

29.0

243

69.0

N.W.

249

2.5

22

7 P

27

18.5

152

69.0

N.E.

119

0.5

10

3 "A

28

26.5

• 154

94.0

N.N.E.

70

0 0

—

—

2 P

12 P

.12

I.O

29

30-5

.199

855

N.

152

2.5

22

6p

0 A

12 M

.69

I.O

30

30-5

.202

85-5

N.N.E.

147

I.O

14

9A

**Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

♦Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during the month was considerably warmer than
usual at this time of year and a comparatively small range of tem-
perature. A comparatively high barometer, with a considerable
number of gales was also a feature of more than passing interest.
The precipitation was much less than the November average.

An examination of the records of the several weather elements and
comparison with the means for the month shows the following features
of interest : The mean barometer was nearly one-tenth of an inch
higher than the normal for November and the range was unusually
large. On the 9th a rapid fall was noted, culminating in the lowest
record for the month. During the last week of the month an un-
usually high barometer prevailed.

The total wind movement was large and two gales of more than
50 miles per hour were registered on the pressure chart. Much of
the wind was from the Northwest quadrant.

The mean temperature was about four degrees higher than the
normal and the maximum and minimum for the month were both
high — the minimum being more than eleven degrees higher than the
normal for this element for November. The range was unusually
small. The range on the 6th was nearly as large as the total range
for the month.

The mean dew point was high and the relative humidity less than
the normal value.

The total precipitation was about two-thirds of the normal and was
fairly well distributed throughout the month.

The ground was frozen but little during the month. As a result
the last snow and rainfall added considerably to the moisture in the
ground.

The amount of sunshine recorded was slightlyjless than the normal-

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist
E. K. DEXTER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 300.

DECEMBER, 1913

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGEICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 21^.^ ft.
Height of Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.16. ist, 0 A.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 28.82, Sth, 3 A.
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.47, ist, 0 A.
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.13, Sth, 3 A.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 30.013

Montlily range 1.34

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Higliest, 53.0, 7th, 6p.; 14th, 2P

Lowest, 5.0, 28th, 8:30A

Mean hourly, 31.3

Mean of means of max. and min., .... 32.0

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 27.4

Montlily range, 4S.0

Highest mean daily, 43-7, 5th

Lowest mean daily 12.4, 2Sth

Mean maximum 40.7

Mean minimum, 23.3

Mean daily range 17.4

Greatest daily range, 27.5, 30th

Least daily range 7.5,25th

Huinitlity.

Mean dew point, 23.5

Mean force of vapor, 169

Mean relative humidity, 81.2

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, 3.38

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell • 9

Total snow in inches 4

Temperature in ground shelter.
Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement, 4400m.

Greatest daily movement, .... 350m., Sth

Least daily movement, iini. ,29th

Mean daily movement 142 m

Mean hourly velocity, 5-9 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 7.0 lbs.=

37m. per hour, 26th, 7A., N.N.E.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 33ni. per

hour, Sth, 5A., W.N.W.
Prevailing Direction, North Northwest.

Summary.

Northwest 19 per cent

North Northeast 19 "

North 10 "

South 10 "

South Southwest 10 "

West Northwest 10 "

North Northwest 10 "

Other directions 12 "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, .... 45 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, i62hrs.=57 per cent.

Number of clear days, 7

Number of fair days, 10

Number of cloudy days, 14

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 121 hrs=43?(.
Rain, ist. 7th, Sth, 23d, 24th, 25th, 26th.
Snow, Sth, lotli, nth, iSth, 25th, 26th.
Days of Sleighing, 5.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : 36m, Sth,
W.N.W.; 36m, 14th, W.; 37m, 26th, N.N.E.

DAILY SUMMARV.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Te

iiperature. Ground Shelter.

c

g

^

E

c

T3

J3

°l

3

3

e

.T3

3

<i>

3

u

c - .

c4

Clj

'a

Si

E

'c

S

cd X c

t%^

2 £.5

^■c

Q

s

%

^■y^

%

H

s

'^

SSS

ssa

S^^

pa

I

3047

30-35

30.399

42.0

4:30 P

34.0

7:30 A

38.0

37-3

- 36.5

0.0

2

30-39

30.17

30-335

43-0

3P

29.0

7 A

36.0

36.3

' 340

0.0

3

30.17

29.92

29.969

49.0

I 1:30 A

33-0

12 P

41.0

40.5

- 370

7-0

4

29.92
29.66

2954
29-53

29.704
29.608

43-0
50-5

3 P
1:30 P

31.0

37 -o

7 A
7 A

37-0

39.0'
437

' 34 7
• 37-7

0.2

5

43 7

7.7

6

30.15

29.66

30.067

48.0

2 A

30.0

12 P

390

39 5

' 307

79

7

30.10

29.18

29.589

530

6 P

29.0

I A

41.0

40.4

. 41.0

0.0

8

29.94

29.13

29.545

46.0

0 A

27.0

8a

365

293-

• 24.0

0.0

9

30-25

29-94

30.232

390

3 P

20.5

6 A

297

27.0

' 22.3

7-5

10

30.17

29.76

29.923

36.0

5:30 P

19-5

4:30 A

27.7

28.5.

1. 26.5

1-5

II

30.12

2973

29955

33-0

I p

16 0

12 P

.24^

268.

' 23.7

2.7

12

3013

29.96

30.036

41.5

3:30 P

145

6 a

280

259'

> 21.3

6.0

'3

30.11

30.02

30-073

48.5

2 p

22.0

7:30 A

35-3

34 4'

■ 26.7

^•7

14

30.04

29.78

29.889

530

2 p

26.5

6a

397

39 1-

- iil

6.2

'5

30.23

29.98

30.191

40.0

0 A

25-5

12 P

3^-7

30.7'

' 24.7

7-7

i6

30.17

29.95

30.028

340

12 P

245

I A

293

30.0'

• 30-3

0.0

I?

29.99

29.79

29.881

49-5

3P

340

0 A

41.7

40.7-

- 34 3

6.3

i8

2995

29.71

29.797

43-5

1:30 A

23-5

12 P

33.5

346

^ 3'o

3-0

'9

30-15

29.95

30.097

31.0

2:30 p

16.S

8 A

23-7

23.0^

' 18.3

7-3

20

30.06

29.91

29989

41.0

3:30?

17.0

7:30 A

29 0

29.3

- 253

4-0

21

3001

29.90

29979

43-5

3 P

27.0

7:30 A

35-3

354-

- 30.3

2.2

22

30.43

30.01

30488

42 0

2 p

285

12 P

35-3

3Z^-

• 27.7

43

23

30.44

30.01

30483

37-5

4 P

28.5

0 A

330

325-

31.0

00

24

30.04

2988

29 667

430

2 P

29.0

II P

36.0

35-1

' 315

4-3

25

30.08

29.74

29-953

34-5

4 P

27 0

8a

30-7

31.O'

. 28.7

0.0

26

29.74

2925

29479

33-5

12 M

20.5

12 p'

27.0

29-5'

• 27.7

0.0

27

30.35

29.66

30.189

295

3-30 P

16.5

8 a

23.0

20.5.

15.0

7.9

28

3036

3026

30313

285

3:30 P

5.0

8:30 a

16.7

iz^r

85

5-5

29

30.29

30.04

30.172

330

3 P

6.0

8 A

19.5

'5-7-

11-3

7.5

30

30.05

2992

29.981

370

4P

9-5

2:30 p

233

22.0

- 22.7

2.5

31

30-13

30.03

30.099

35.0

2 p

14.0

7:30 A

24.5

25. 1'

21.3

4.7

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

fe

Total in

Q

u

0
0.

>

ij

n 3 CT

(U

ft

bl:

c

'a

bi

Inches.

#

a

S5s

<D 4) 3

"5 tj

(P 1-

111

1i^

" 1- a;

r;3 0

H

a
"Sc
m

-5

G

W

0

a
in

I

35-0

■223

93-5

N.N.E.

12

0.0

_

5 A

12 P

.02

2

32.0

.204

9'-5

N.N.E.

21

0.0

—

—

3

34-5

•234

86.5

N.

216

4.0

28

II A

4

29.0

.229

71-5

N.W.

128

0-5

10

II P

5

32.5

.263

7I.O

N.W.

229

1-5

17

2 P

6

23-5

.197

67-5

N.N.E.

187

0.0

—

—

7

395

.274

96.0

S.S.W.

89

30

24

2 P

4 A

12 P

I. II

8

17.0

.147

b6.o

N.W.

350

65

36

5 A

0 A

5 P

.12

h

9

15-0

■137

670

N.N.W.

181

I.O

14

I A

10

21.0

.103

73-5

S.S.W.

186

0.0

—

—

8 P

12 P

.04

h

II

20.0

■^37

84.0

N.W.

203

3-5

26

4 P

8a

10 A

.04

h

12

175

.125

^3-S

S.S.W.

140

0.0

—

13

245

.161

86.0

N.E.

69

30

24

I P

14

29.0

.223

76,0

W.N.W.

177

6.5

36

12 M

15

20.0

.147

74-5

W.N.W.

286

30

24

I A

16

28.5

■^73

92.5

S.

45

0.0

—

—

■7

30.5

.217

78.0

S.

158

i.o

14

3 P

18

280

.181

87.0

N.W.

122

4-5

30

9 P

7 P

T

•9

12,0

.112

71-5

N.W.

247

2-5

22

5A

20

20.5

.159

770

S.S.E.

lOI

2.0

20

6 p

21

28.0

.174

90.0

S.

52

2.0

—

—

22

22.0

.168

73-5

N.N.E.

99

1-5

17

II A

23

27-5

.185

85.0

N.E.

140

1-5

17

6p

4:30 P

12 P

.82

24

29.0

.187

855

N.

167

3-0

24

7 A

0 a

4A

.50

25

27.6

.165

92.0

N.N.E.

3"

0-5

10

II P

6:30?

12 P

•33

i

26

25.0

.161

860

N.

347

7.0

37

7 A

0 A

5 P

.40

2

27

b.s

.09S

62.5

N.N.E.

268

35

26

8 a

28

5-5

.070

84.0

N.N.W.

36

0.0

—

—

29

7.0

.081

82.0

W.N.W.

ii

0.0

—

—

30

21.5

.130

92.5

N.N.W.

49

1-5

17

8 P

31

19.0

.124

89.0

s.w.

53

0.0

—

**Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

♦Included in following day.

Annual Summary for 1913.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, .......

Minimum reduced to freezing,

Maximum reduced to freezing and sea-level,
Minimum reduced to freezing and sea-level, .
Mean reduced to freezing and sea-level, . . .
Annual range,

30.56, Mar. iSth, 8 a.

28.25. Jan. 3rd, 6 p.

. 30.88, Mar. i8th, 8 A.

. 28.55, Jan. 3rd, 6 p.

30-037

2.33

*Air Temperature. In degrees Fahr.

Highest, loo.o, July ist,3 P.

Lowest, — 4.5, Feb. loth, 7:30 a.

Mean hourly, 49.3

Mean of means of max. and min., 49.6

Mean sensible (wet bulb) , 44.2

Annual range, 104.5

Highest mean daily 81.8, Julyi

Lowest mean daily, 7.1, Feb. 10

Mean maximum 60.3

Mean minimum, 38.9

Mean daily range, 21.4

Greatest daily range, 45.0, July 10

Least daily range, 3.5, Nov. 16

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 40.1

Mean force of vapor, 397

Mean relative humidity, 75.7

Wind.

Prevailing direction, West

Summary.

Northwest, 11 per cent.

South, 13 " "

North Northwest, 9 " "

Other directions, 67 " "

Total movement, 55.i2o m

Greatest daily movement, 642 m., Jan. 4

Least daily movement 9 m., Sept. 5

Mean daily movement, 151 m

Mean hourly velocity, 6.3 m

♦Temperature in ground shelter.

Maximum pressure per square foot, 27.0 lbs.^73
m. per hour, July 23rd, 5 p., S.S.W.

Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 48 m. per
hour, Jan. 3rd, 3 P., S.W.; Mar. 27th, 9 P.,W.

Precipita iou. In inches.
Total precipitation, rain or melted snow, . 39.50
Number of days on which .01 or more rain

or melted snow fell, 135

Snow total in inches, 26.5

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, 50 per cent.

Total cloudiness recorded by Sun Thermom-
eter, 2031 hrs.^46 per cent.

Number of clear days, 105

Number of fair days, . . 144

Number of cloudy days, 116

Bright Sunshine-
Number of hours recorded,2423 hrs.^54 per cent

Dates of Frosts.

Last, May 15th

First, Sept. loth

Dates of Snow.

Last, April 9th

First, Oct. 31st

Total days of sleighing, .... 23

Gales of 50 or More Miles Per Hour.

Jan. 3d, 6om., S.W.; 4th, 54m., S.W.; i8th, 58m.,
W.S.W.; Feb. ist, 52m., W.N.W.; 12th, 50m.,
W.N.W.; Mar. 20th, 64m, W.N.W.; 31st,
68m, S.W.; Apr. ist, 58111, VV.N.W.; July 23d,
73m, S.S.W.; Oct. 14th, 68m, N.N.E.;
Nov. gth, 53m, S.E. 23d, 54ni, N. W.

E. K. DEXTER,

Observer.

J. E. OSTRANDER,

Meteorologist.

BULLETIN No. 301.

JANUARY, 1914

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, _Si ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height of Wind Instriime?its 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximumieduced to freezing, 3022,29th, 3 a.
Miiiiinuin reduced to freezing, 28. 78, 25th, i A.
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.53, 29th, 3.=^.
Reducedt minimum reading, 29. oS, 25th, i a.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 29.957

Montiily range, 1-45

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 52.0, 28th, 4P.

Lowest, -i4-0i 14th, 8a.

Mean hourly, 22.2

Mean of means of max. and min., .... 22.4

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 19 7

Monthly range, 66.0

Highest mean daily 4i-4, 3oth

Lowest mean daily, -7-3< 13th

Mean maximum, y.o

Mean minimum, i3-8

Mean daily range i7-2

Greatest daily range 43-o. 23d

Least daily range 4-o, 20th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 15

Mean force of vapor 129

Mean relative humidity, 81.4

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, 3-7

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell '14

Total snow in inches 9-5

Temperature in ground shelter.
Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 5442m.

Greatest daily movement, .... 488m., 13th

Least daily movement, 8m., i6th

Mean daily movement, 176 m

Mean hourly velocity, 7-3 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 20.0 lbs.=

63m. per hour, 12th, 3P., W.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 38m. per

hour, i2th, 2P., W.N.W.
Prevailing Direction, North Northwest.

Summary.

North 23 per cent

North Northeast 16 " "

South Southwest 10 " "

West 10 " "

Northwest 16 " "

Other directions 25 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, . . . .63 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, i99his.=68 per cent.

Number of clear days, 2

Number of fair days, 10

Number of cloudy days, 19

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 9; hrs=32^.
Rain, 4th, Sth, gth, loth, 24th, 25th, 29th, 31st.
Snow, 3d, 4th, 7th, Sth, lotli, I2th, 15th, i6th,
17th, 20th, 21st, 26th, 31st.
Sleet, 31st.

Days of Sleigliing, 14.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : 46m, loth

W.S. W.; 63m, 12th, W.N.W; 36m, 17th, N.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

<u

Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

02

a

a

>■

S

a

13

j2

§1

09

3
S

si

s

4;

S

3
s

'S

V

S

>4- C

<u 0 2

Ji'a

get;

Q

30.27
30-35

S

Sc^

s

H

S

H

sss

sxa

^^^

m

I

30.11
3027

30.233
30305

26.0

25.0

DA
12 P

9.0
30

12 P

8a

17-5

17.0
15.1

12.3
13-3

6.0

2

14.0

0.0

3

30.27

29.S6

30.085

32.0

8 H

24.0

9:30 A

28.0

28.3

27-5

0.0

4

29.86

29.73

29-777

35-5

12 P

28.5

8:30 A

32.0

32-4

307

0.0

S

3005

29-77

29.941

38-5

5:30 A

19.0

12 P

28.7

30.6

25-5

0.0

6

30-13

29.84

30.021

32.0

3^

10.5

8a

21.3

19.5

143

6.6

7

29.84

29.63

29.707

36-5

6:30 p

19.0

0 A

27.7

29.0

273

70

8

29.68
29.57

29.56
29.23

29.624

29.398

340
35-0

0 A

3 P

29.5
29.0

6:30 A

4 A

31-7

31-7
32-3

29.7

3'-5

0.0

9

32.0

0 0

lo

29.76

29.23

29-477

41.0

8:30 A

21.0

12 P

31.0

30.8

30.0

2.7

II

30.00

29.76

29937

220

3 ^

135

8a

17.7

17.0

II. 7

7.7

12

2989

29.45

29.681

29.5

II A

1.0

12 p

15-3

14.7

117

53

'3

30.27

29.82

30.089

I.O

0 A

-115

12 p

-5-3

-7-3

-8.7

7 3

14

30.46

30.27

30.383

10.5

4 P

-14.0

8 a

-1-7

-3-5

-6.5

7-5

'5

30.28

2986

30.007

18.5

8 P

-1.0

0 A

8.7

8-3

9.7

0.0

i6

2987

2955

29743

24-5

5P

5-5

8a

150

17.0

'3-7

0.0

•7

29.92

2954

29.729

35-5

2:30 p

22 0

12 p

28.7

27-3

24.0

3-0

i8

30.17

29.92

30159

27.5

3P

6.0

12 p

16.7

16.3

1 1-3

8.1

19

30.13

29.64

29.873

30.0

9P

4-5

7:30 A

17-3

17.8

16.3

3-3

20

29.67

2961

29.661

295

2:30 p

25-5

5:30 A

27.5

274

26.3

0.0

21

2967

2935

29.476

280

0 A

12.0

12 P

20 0

23 0

20.3

2.2

22

30.23

29.67

30.097

26.0

y-30i'

1-5

7:30 A

137

12.6

7-3

7-7

23

30.38

29.96

30.211

31-0

12 p

-12 0

7:30 A

9-5

"•3

6-3

50

24

29.96

29.12

30.027

44-5

7P

31-0

0 A

37-7

387

38.0

0.0

25

30-30

2908

29.871

42.0

I A

80

12 P

25.0

239

19-3

7.0

26

30.39

30.28

30.338

17.0

4P

65

6 A

II. 7

98

8.5

0.7

27

30.40

30.07

30.231

35-5

12 P

1 1.0

0 A

23-3

20.4

21.5

0.0

28

3046

3003

30.255

520

4 P

335

12 P

42.7

38.9

34-5

6.3

29

30.53

30.20

30.380

390

12 P

3'o

2 A

35-3

35-3

35-3

0.0

30

30.20

30.01

30.078

485

II A

345

12 P

41.5

41.4

370

1-3

31

30.21

29-54

29863

345

5 P

28.0

8:30 A

3'-3

3'.9

30.0

0.0

DAILY SUMMARY.

H

umidity

Wind.

Precipitation.

i^

Total in

Q

0

0.

>

•-:s

li

c .

aj m

S 3 a"

ft

c
"5

bl

Inches.

#

Q

C i>

£0

rt3 £

i> a) 3

't5 tj

> 0)

HS.5

'5 S^J

s 0
SB

G

H

'Sd
v
DQ

s
W

c
Pi

0

c

I

lO.O

.081

88.0

N.

216

30

24

9 A

2

lO.O

•093

85.5

N.

146

1-5

17

I P

3

25-5

•157

8g.o

N.

218

4.0

28

5 P

I P

12 P

T

T

4

28.5

.180

87.5

N.N.E.

366

4-5

30

I A

0 A

ID P

•03

T

5

19.0

•155

715

N.N.E.

340

50

32

2 P

6

9-5

.094

76.5

E.N.E.

95

0.0

—

—

7

23.0

.167

77-5

S.W.

127

0.0

—

—

4 A

5 A

T

T

8

25-5

.178

77.0

S.S.W.

130

0.0

—

—

9A

9P

.02

h

9

30.0

.181

95.0

N.N.E.

56

0.0

—

—

4 P

12 p

.02

10

25-5

.180

760

W.

256

lo.s

46

3 P

0 A

5 A

.01

T

II

4-5

.084

67.0

N.N.W.

288

2-5

22

6a

12

35

.089

62.5

S.W.

382

20.0

63

3 P

3A

6 p

T

T

13

-175

.031

60.0

N.W.

488

5 5

33

8a

14

-12.0

■037

760

N.

167

0.5

10

2 A

15

5-5

.077

79-5

N.

17

0.0

—

—

10 A

8 P

.07

i

i6

12 0

.091

91.5

N.W.

8

0.0

—

—

7P

12 p

.09

I

•7

21.0

•137

85.0

N.N.E.

217

6.5

36

8 P

0 A

9A

.06

h

i8

50

.081

69.5

N.

302

2-5

22

2 A

'9

14.5

.107

89-5

S.S.E.

77

0 0

—

—

20

23-5

.148

88.5

N.E.

43

0.0

—

—

0 A

12 P

•32

2h

21

16.5

.117

82.5

N.N.E.

146

2-5

22

II P

0 A

8p

.28

2\

22

40

.067

83.0

N.W.

197

3-5

26

I A

23

-i.o

.085

67.5

S.S.W.

27

0.0

—

—

24

36.5

.238

91.5

S.S.W.

230

2.0

20

I P

8a

12 p

•75

25

I3-5

.125

715

N.N.W.

321

50

32

9A

0 A

5 A

.05

26

7.0

.069

91.5

N.W.

44

0.0

—

10 A

3P

.16

2

27

20.0

.123

94-5

N.W.

21

0.0

—

—

28

30.5

.212

82.5

W.

89

0.0

—

—

29

34-0

.210

93-0

S.S.E.

61

0.0

—

—

2P

II P

.06

30

330

.242

800

W.

196

3-0

24

6p

31

28.0

•173

92.0

N.

171

0.0

—

4A

9P

1.80

i

**Kain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

*Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during January was generally seasonable and showed
a number of rapid changes in temperature, which often characterizes
this time of year. The changes in atmospheric pressure were also
large and comparatively rapid. The amount of cloudiness was un-
usually large, especially when taken in connection with the precipita-
tion up to the last day of the month. The heavy storm of rain, sleet
and snow on the last day of the month furnished practically one-half
of the total precipitation record.

Comparing the records of the several weather elements with the
normals here shows the following as the principal features. The
mean barometer was much less than the normal and the maximum
and minimum pressures were both well below the average records for
these features. The rapid fall in pressure on the 24th and more
rapid rise of more than one inch on the 25th made a very unusual
record on the pressure chart. While the wind movement on those
dates was large, it at no time became even a moderate gale. The total
wind movement was about ten per cent more than the normal, and
about one-fourth of the days showed a comparatively large daily
movement.

The mean temperature was slightly less than the normal, and the
maximum nearly the average value for that feature. The minimum
was more than five degrees below its normal value, giving an un-
usually large range for the month. On the 13th the thermometer
was below zero for practically the whole day ; the mean hourly tem-
perature being -7.3 degrees. On the following day it also averaged
below zero, although considerably above during part of the day.

The mean dewpoint was rather low and the relative humidity con-
siderably above the normal.

The total precipitation was about ten per cent more than the nor-
mal, and much the greater part occurred as rain. The snowfall was
comparatively small. The sky was cloudy or overcast about two-
thirds of the time.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist
E. K. DEXTER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 302.

FEBRUARY, 1914

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2"/ 3.5 ft.
Height of Wi?id Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure, In inches.

Maxumun reduced to freezing, 30.34,13th, 8 a.
Minimiun reduced to freezing, 2S. 86, 14th, 3 P.
Reduced! maximum reading, 30.6S, 13th, 8 A.
Reduced! minimum reading, 29.18, 14th, 3 p.

Mean semi-daily reduced 30-i32

Montlily range i.5o

*Air Teiiiperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Higliest 46.5, 27th, 4 p.

Lowest, -i7-5i '6th, 4A.

Mean iiourly, 17.7

Mean of means of max. and min 17.9

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 14 i

Monthly range, 64.0

Highest mean daily 36.6, 4th

Lowest mean daily, -6.7, 12th

Mean maximum, 28.2

Mean minimum, 7-7

Mean daily range 20.5

Greatest daily range, 45-o. 25th

Least daily range 6.0, 19th

Hiiuiidity.

Mean dew point 7.9

Mean force of vapor 106

Mean relative humidity, 720

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation 3.36

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell • 8

Total snow in inches ^ 24.5

* Temperature in ground shelter.
1 Keduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind,

Total movement, 5855m.

Greatest daily movement, .... 462m., 8th

Least daily movement 43m.,i8th

Mean daily movement 209 m

Mean hourly velocity, 8.7 m

Ma.ximum pressure per square foot, 12.5 lbs.=

50m. per hour, 14th, 3P., N.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 39111. per

hour, 14th, 3P., N.N.W.
Prevailing Direction, Northwest.

Summary.

North 25 per cent

West Northwest iS " "

North Northwest 14 " "

North Northeast 11 " "

South Southwest n " "

West II " "

Other directions 10 " "

Weather,

Mean cloudiness observed, .... 42 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, ii8hrs. = 40 per cent.

Number of clear days, 12

Number of fair days, 8

Number of cloudy days, 8

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 178 hrs = 6o9f.

Rain, 3d, 4th, 7th.

Snow, 3d, 6th, 7th, i3tli, 14th, 16th, 17th, 19th,

22d.

Days of Sleighing, 15.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : 44m, 7th,
W.; 41m, 8th, W.; 5oin, 14th, N.N.W.; 35m,
24th, N.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

0)

c

£

>,

£

£

T3

JD

i|

(A
ft

3
E

3
£

.'5

■5

£

i

3
E
c

£

rt x" c

01 nl.S

2 c oS

x'2

Q

s

S

^■x>

S

H

i

H

S2S

SKQ

SJ^^

m

I

3013

29.56

29.881

40.0

1:30 P

32.0

0 A

36.0

35-7

307

50

2

30-50

30.13

30.429

38.0

3:30 P

27.0

8 A

325

29.3

24.7

8.8

3

30.46

3013

30.289

45-5

3P

iS.o

7:30 A

31.7

3'-3

28.5

1.7

4

30.13

29.92

30.000

43.5

2 p

29.0

12 P

36-3

366

3^-7

6.0

S

30.33

30.07

30.203

37.5

31^

23.0

12 P

30.3

2S.5

23.5

3-5

6

30.46

2983

30.256

31.0

12 p

15.0

7 A

23.0

235

2'. 5

0.2

7

2983

29.30

29.501

34.5

7:30 p

270

12 P

30.7

29.4

28.5

i-S

8

30.08

29.65

29959

27.0

0 A

17.0

12 P

22.0

22.3

18.3

8.2

9

30.33

30.08

30.305

20.0

3 P

9.0

7:30 A

14.5

14.2

9-5

93

lO

30.26

30.15

30.22.

24 0

2:30 p

13.0

12 P

185

18.3

15-3

8.3

II

3035

30.18

30.289

130

0 A

-8.0

12 P

2.5

3-7

-2.0

7-9

12

30.62

3068

3035
3032

30.514
30.571

2-5

17.0

4 P
10:30 P

-13.0

-iO.O

7:30 A
7:30 A

-5-3

-6.7
35

-8.7

I.O

9-5

'3

3-5

9.0

14

30.32

29.18

29.645

29.5

4:30 P

10.5

3:30 A

20.0

18.4

16.3

0.0

'5

30.07

29.74

30.013

17.5

0 A

-9.0

12 P

4-3

8.0

1-7

9-7

i6

30.07

29.68

29.877

1 1.0

II P

-175

4 A

-3-3

-2.1

-0.7

1.2

•7

30.04

29.83

30.007

20.0

3:30 P

-1-5

5A

9-3

II. I

10.3

86

i8

30.22

30.02

30.139

26.5

3P

-7.5

7:30 A

95

II.O

8.3

55

•9

30.02

30.20

298s
30.00

29.944
30.133

26.5
22.5

4:30?
3P

20 5
12.0

6 A
12 P

235

22.7
'75

22.3
^35

0.3

20

173

7.1

21

30.20

30.06

30.190

3'o

3:30?

7.5

7 A

19.3

13.2

7-3

8.5

22

30.19

2980

29.986

31.0

4 P

-'•5

3:30 A

147

17 5

'7-5

'•5

23

30.27

30.02

30.24S

19.0

3P

3-0

12 P

II.O

11.6

6.0

8.0

24

30.45

30,24

30.391

155

4 P

-30

7A

6.3

35

-1-3

10. 1

25

30.52

30.30

30.435

32.5

3:30 p

-12.5

7A

10 0

85

4-3

1 0.1

26

30.30

30.11

30 193

405

4P

-05

7A

20.0

202

13-5

9-9

27

30 II

30.04

30.099

46.5

4 P

^3-5

6:30 A

35.0

33-3

27.0

100

28

30.11

29.80

29.977

46 0

3P

12.5

7A

23.3

31.1

25.7

85

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

fe

Total in

iS

r- ^

Inches.

Q

0
0.

>

c .

0) in

32fi

S 3 cr

bi

c

'c

bi

C3

♦

Q

C i>

S3's

<u m 3

'3 0

£2

HS.S

rt <U k.

_^5
~ 0

S
H

'■3

a
W

c

Pi!

0

a

I

21.5

.203

59.0

W.N.W.

3,6

5-5

33

I P

2

18.5

•143

71-5

N.N.W.

247

2-5

22

2 A

3
4

25.0

.180

83.0

E.

70

0.0

—

—

12 M

12 P

.08

T

28.5

.201

80.0

W.N.W.

146

2.0

20

2 P

0 A

6a

.02

5

15.0

.145

62.5

N.

136

0.5

10

9A

6

18.5

.127

86.0

N.N.E.

157

1.0

14

9A

4P

12 p

.20

li

7

25.0

.170

82.5

N.

140

9-5

44

10 P

0 A

3P

•31

i

8

14.0

.109

76 0

W.

462

85

41

5 A

9

-I.O

.077

56.5

W.

324

2.0

20

3A

lO

5.0

.101

58-5

W.N.W.

268

I 5

17

1 p

II

-12.0

•045

57.0

N.N.W.

287

35

26

7 P

12

-180

•031

590

N.W.

332

4.0

28

3 P

'3

-2-5

.056

80.0

N.N.W.

141

0.0

—

—

10 P

12 p

.06

1

14

II-5

.099

81.0

N.

365

12.5

> 50

3P

0 A

6p

1.95

15I

15

-1.0

-.052

835

N.

3"

50

32

I A

16

-5.0

.049

80.0

N.N.W.

• 33

2.0

20

II P

12 M

8p

•24

I

17

6.0

.076

80.5

W.N.W.

209

3-0

24

I P

7P

T

T

18

3-5

.081

76.5

W.

43

0.0

—

—

'9

20.5

.123

93-5

N.

102

0.0

—

—

I A

9P

•50

5i

20

90

.087

77-5

N.

233

1-5

17

7 P

21

-3-5

.070

54-5

N.N.E.

174

2.0

20

4 A

22

13-5

.107

79.0

S.S.W.

271

4.0

28

9P

2 P

T

T

23

-6.5

.066

52.5

N.N.E.

299

4-5

30

10 P

24

-8.0

•043

70.0

N.

390

6.0

35

4A

25

-3-5

.065

64.0

W.N.W.

57

0.0

—

—

26

7-5

.102

73-5

S.S.W.

65

0.0

—

—

27

21.5

•173

69.0

S.S.W.

86

0.0

—

—

28

195

•175

69.5

S.

91

0.5

10

5 P

••Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

♦Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during February was marked by much more than the
usual amount of extreme cold — the temperature going below zero on
eleven days — and large fluctuations in the barometer's records. The
interval between the maximum and minimum barometer for the month
was only about thirty hours, and the fall of more than one inch in
twelve hours on the 14th showed a change in pressure seldom
equalled for rapidity here. Accompanying this change in pressure
was one of the most severe snow-storms of recent years. The first
week of the month was much more nearly normal than any other
part.

The records of the several weather elements show the following as
the more important features : The mean barometer was nearly a
tenth of an inch higher than the normal and the fluctuations in pres-
sure were generally large. The maximum, minimum and range of
pressure were practically normal. The total wind movement was
about a thousand miles more than usual — more than one-third of the
days showing a large daily movement. Nearly three-fourths of the
wind was from the northerly points of the compass.

The mean temperature was nearly seven degrees below the normal,
making it one of the coldest months since this station was estab-
lished. Owing to the low minimum of the month the range was con-
siderably larger than usual. On the 12th and,i6th the mean hourly
temperature was below zero.

The total precipitation was slightly more than the normal ; more
than two inches resulting from the severe snowstorm of the 13th-
14th. Nearly all of the precipitation was in the form of snow.

The mean dew point was extremely low and the relative humidity
was much lower than usual. The amount of sunshine was considera-
bly more than the normal. Sleighing began on the 14th and con-
tinued throughout the remainder of the month.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist
E. K. DEXTER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 303.

MARCH, 1914

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72" 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2'jj.^ ft.
Height of Wind Instruments J 2 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 3o.26,2;th, 9 A.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 2S.17, 1st, S p.
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.57, 25th, 9 A.
Reducedt minimum reading, 28.47, ist, 8 P.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 29.997

Monthly range 2.10

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest, . . . , 69.0, 27th, 3 p.

Lowest, 8.5,21st, 5:30A.

Mean hourly, 32.7

Mean of means of max. and min 33.7

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 29.6

Monthly range, 60.5

Highest mean daily, 53.9, 27th

Lowest mean daily 18.8, 20th

Mean maximum, 4'-9

Mean minimum, 25.5

Mean daily range, . 16.4

Greatest daily range, 26.5, i6th, 25th

Least daily range, 4-o. 6th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 24.8

Mean force of vapor 185

Mean relative humidity, 76.4

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, 5.52

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 11

Total snow in inches 6.25

*remperature in ground shelter.

1 Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement, 5663m.

Greatest daily movement, .... 438m., 19th

Least daily movement, 44m., 22d

Mean daily movement 183 m

Mean hourly velocity, 7.6 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 30.0 lbs.=

77m. per hour, ist, 6p., E.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 45m. per

hour, ist, 6p., E.
Prevailing Direction, Northwest.

Summary.

North Northwest 16 per cent

West Northwest 13 "

North 13 "

North Northeast 10 "

Southwest 10 "

Other directions 38 "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, .... 53 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, 201 hrs.=54 per cent.

Number of clear days, 4

Number of fair days, 15

Number of cloudy days, 12

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 170 hrs=46)(.

Rain, ist, 2d, 3d, 4th, 6th, 7th, Sth, 17th, 18th,

26th, 27th, 2Sth, 29th, 30th.

Snow, ist, 2d, 4th, 6th, 7th, 9th, iSth, 22d,23d,

28th, 29th.

Hail, i8th, 2Sth.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : 77ni, ist,

E.; 37m, 3d, N.N.W.; 52m, 19th, W.N. W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperatu

'e. Ground Shelter.

OS

e

E

>.

I'-

s

-d

.Q

4

c4

3

S
"a

.-a

3

2
c

<u

s

rt X' c

0) 0 i_

Q

s

is

§-/^

S

H

S

H

sss

SX2

s<^^

PQ

I

29.80

2S47

28.969

45-5

7 P

28.5

4:30 A

37.0

36.2

37-3

0.0

2

29,25

28.60

29.1 10

40.5

4P

32.5

7A

36.5

35-7

33-3

0.2

3

29.57

2925

29-413

46.0

I P

32.0

I A

39.0

38.4

350

33

4

29.90

2957

29.749

38.0

12 M

28.S

7A

33-3

33-4

29 0

0.9

5

30.07

2990

30.042

44.5

4:30 P

28.0

7:30 A

_.36j.

33 5

27.7

8.7

6

30.06

2973

29.883

34-0

9A

30.0

12 P

32.0

32.0

30.3

0.0

7

29.74

29.60

29.672

37-5

2:30 p-

28.5

7 A

330

325

30.5

3-9

8

29.78

29 66

29.712

37-5

0:30 p

275

12 P

32.5

32.7

29.5

1.6

9

29.91

29.77

29829

31 5

2 P

21.0

12 P

26.3

26.3

22.7

5.0

10

30.12

2991

30.058

32.5

4P

18.0

7:30 A

253

239

20.5

96

II

30.14

30-03

30.134

340

4:30 p

16.0

6 A

25.0

24.7

22 0

lO.O

12

3024

3007

30.163

35-5

3P

11.5

7 A

235

236

195

10.2

13

30.27

3005

30-163

37-5

3-5^ P

135

. 7A-

—2-575-

- 24.7

20.5

8.8

14

30-33

30.05

30.196

41.0

3 P

16.5

6:30 A

28.7

30.4

28.5

6.5

•5

30.19

3001

30.087

530

3:30 P

320

12 P

42.5

39-6

330

6.5

16

30.18

3005

30.129

55-0

3:30 P

28.5

7A

41.7

404

367

8.8

17

30.05

29.90

29.990

53-0

4P

31.0

12 P

42.0

383

350

6.1

18

29.90

2942

29.648

35-5

8 a

305

2 A

330

32-5

330

0.0

19

30.06
30-36

29.54
30.01

29.922
30.173

33-5
27.5

0 A

2:30 p

20.0
13.0

12 P
12 P

2_6l_

26.6

18.8

22,0
14.5

8.3

20

20.3

7.5

21

30.45

30.26

30.3S3

33-5

2:30 P

8.5

5:30 A

21.0

20.7

18.0

9.5

22

30.26

29.86

29.993

35-5

4 P

215

6a

285

25.8

22.7

5-5

23

30.10

2989

30.018

390

1:30 p

20.5

3:30 A

29.7

28.8

25.7

4-2

24

30.4s

30.10

30.330

43 5

3:30 P

22.0

5A

327

31.2

263

92

25

3057

3043

30.561

49.0

3 P

22.5

6:30 A

35-7

358

307

8.7

26

3043

30.21

30.300

62.5

3:30 P

37-5

1:30 A

50.0

485

46.3

7-8

27

30.21

30.05

30.125

690

3 P

45-0

2 A

57.0

53-9

52.3

7-4

28

30-36

30.13

30 289

46.0

0 A

330

9:30 P

395

370

357

0.0

29

30.42

30-33

30.397

37 5

4 P

320

12 P

34.7

345

323

0.0

30

3033

29.97

30.079

350

0:30 P

300

6 A

325

324

32-0

0.0

31

30-45

30.05

30401

54.5

5 P

32.0

0 A

433

4'-3

35-7

11.4

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

h

Total in

Q

0

a

>

•-2

li

c .

S.2

S 3 cr

c

M

Inciies.

*

>>

Q

3 a)

StL,

rt « £

0) D 3

> (U

rt aj u

J 3

^ 0

s

'So

•a

c
W

0

c

I

35-5

239

895

N.N.E.

279

30.0

77

6 p

I A

II P

2,59

2i

2

29-5

205

81.5

N.E.

264

2-5

22

5A

8a

4P

T

T

3

29.0

234

70.5

N.N.W.

331

7.0

37

12 M

3A

5A

.02

4

22.5

184

66.0

W.N.W.

170

2.0

20

I A

2 P

T

T

5

2f-5

171

68.5

N.N.W.

181

0.5

10

7 A

6

26.5

■83

780

N.N.E.

i8s

2-5

22

7 P

9A

12 p

.19

1

7

280

177

90.0

S.W.

120

0-5

10

7 P

0 A

12 p

.11

1

8

25.0

177

77.0

W.S.W.

172

0.0

—

0 A

3A

T

9

17.0

137

72.5

W.N.W.

206

35

26

3 P

8a

T

T

10

12.5

125

675

N.W.

251

30

24

6p

II

14.0

136

63.0

N.N.W.

147

I.O

14

2 P

12

9-5

126

550

N.N.W.

98

05

10

4 A

13

155

125

75-5

N.N.W.

66

1.0

14

8 p

14

21.5

173

69.5

S.

232

4.0

28

6p

15

28.0

211

730

w.

192

i.o'

14

3A

16

34-5

235

865

S.S.E.

109

0.0

—

—

'7

32.0

220

82.5

N.

79

1-5

17

4 P

5A

10 A

.16

18

30-5

197

88.0

N.

115

0.0

—

—

7A

6 P

.67

2i

19

16.0

i3f

71-5

W.N.W.

438

135

52

7 A

20

6.5

095

64.0

N.W.

308

4.0

28

4 P

21

7-5

ii6

57-5

W.N.W.

130

1.0

14

I A

22

16.5

136

69.0

W.

44

0.0

—

—

10 A

T

T

23

21.5

150

80.0

S.W.

131

0.5

10

4 P

2 P

4P

T

T

24

225

160

75-5

S.S.W.

60

0.0

—

—

25

26.5

194

76.0

S.S.W.

133

0-5

TO

7 P

26

450

332

91.0

S.

249

0.0

—

—

0 A

6a

.12

27

50-5

4'5

90-5

S.W.

167

2.0

20

10 P

3A

12 p

.40

28

34-0

175

935

N.N.E.

200

1.0

14

11 A

0 A

12 p

1. 21

i

29

29.5

152

855

N.E.

248

2.0

20

9A

0 A

12 P

.02

T

30

30 0

187

925

N.

149

0.0

—

—

0 A

II p

•03

31

295

243

69.0

N.

209

3-0

24

3A

■Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

♦Included in foUowingday.

REMARKS

The first day of the month was marked by an unusually rapid fall
of the barometer, accompanied by an extremely heavy rainstorm and
excessive wind velocity. The barometer fell from 29.50 at o a. m,
to 28.17 ^^ ^ ^'- ^-f ^"<^ *^'^^ record passed entirely off the chart and
unsealed the mercury column and put the self-recording barometer
out of commission. At 6 p. i\i. the pressure chart showed a velocity
of wind of 77 miles per hour, and the anemometer showed 45 miles
per hour for a considerable time. The Draper barometer was broken
as a result of the storm, and the maximum and minimum pressures
for the first 18 days of the month were taken from barograph records
taken by Professor Todd, and reduced by comparing them with our
standard barometer readings in the tower. The minimum barometer
reading on the ist reduced to freezing and sea level was 28.47 —
the lowest record since the station was established 25 years ago. A
large precipitation and much cloudiness were the most noticeable
features of the weather for the month.

A comparison of the records of the several weather elements with
the normals for this station shows the following features of interest :
The mean barometer was slightly below the normal and the range
exceeded the normal range for a whole year. The maximum pres-
sure was slightly lower than the average value of this feature for
March. The total wind movement was practically normal, with much
from the Northwest quadrant.

The mean temperature was slightly below the normal value and
the range greater than usual, owing to a rather high maximum for
the month.

The mean dew point was slightly lower than the normal and the
mean relative humidity about two points higher than usual.

The total precipitation was about one and one-half inches more
than the normal, and several heavy rains were noted. Rains near
the last of the month took much of the frost from the ground, and
the roads have begun to dry in places. The season's progress at
the close of the month was between one and two weeks behind nor-
mal conditions. ,

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist
E. K. DEXTER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 304.

APRIL, 1914

Meteorological Observations

AT THK

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height of Wind Instruments /2 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inclies.

Mhxuuuiu reduced to freezing, 30 12, ist, o A.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.06, 2d, 6 a.
Reducedl maximum reading, 30.43, ist, o A.
Keducedf minimum reading, 29.37, 2d, 6 A.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 30.031

Montlily range i-o6

*Air Teinperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 83.5, 19th, 2:30 p.

Lowest, 22.0, 4tli, 6 A.

Mean liourly, 42.1

Mean of means of max. and min 42.6

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 3^ i

Monthly range, 61.5

Highest mean daily, 63.2, 19th

Lowest mean daily, 3i-9. 4tli

Mean maximum, 52-5

Mean minimum, 32-8

Mean daily range, i9-7

Greatest daily range, 4i-o. i8th

Least daily range, 3-o> '6th

HuinUlity.

Mean dew point 33-3

Mean force of vapor 269

Mean relative humidity, 75-5

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation,- 6.59

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell ''J

Total snow in inches 5-25

•Temperature in ground shelter.
1 Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 6194m.

Greatest daily movement, .... 401m., nth

Least daily movement, sSm., Sth

Mean daily movement 207 m

Mean hourly velocity, 8.6 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 26.5 lbs.=

73m. per hour, 12th, 6p., W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 45m. per

hour, 12th, 5P., W.
Prevailing Direction, Northwest.

Summary.

North 13 per cent.

North Northeast 13 " "

Northwest 13 " "

South 10 •' "

West Southwest 10 " "

North Northwest 10 " "

Other directions 31 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, .... 56 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, 2o8hrs. = S2 per cent.

Number of clear days, 12

Number of fair days, 5

Number of cloudy days, 13

lirig^ht Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 194 hrs = 48?6.
Rain, ist, 2d, 3d, 5th, 7th, Sth, 9th, nth, 12th,
15th, i6th, 19th, 20th, 22d, 25th, 26th, 27th, 2Sth,
29th, 30th.
Hail, 15th, i6th.
Snow, 3d, 5th, 7th, 15th, i6th.
Frosts af er the i5th— -rSth, 24th.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : 51m, nth,
S.; 73m, i2tli, W.: 35ni, i3tli, N.W.; 35m, 15th,
E.N.E.; 36ni, 17th, N.; 38m, 19th, S.S.W.;
30ni, 20th, N.; 39111, 2ist, N.N.W.; 43m, 22d,
W.N.W.; 36m, 23d,N.N.W.; 36m, 3oth,N.N,E.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

<u

S

ea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

02

i

13

3

a

S

B

'a

■V

s

3

s

H

S
3
E
'a

a!

s

-Q
Ji3

si

Q

s

S

^■^

S

H

i

H

sss

SKa

S<^^

ca-

I

3043

29.50

30.057

47-5

II A

25-5

6a

36.5

37-2

34-3

4-3

2

29.74

29-37

29.563

45.0

8:30 A

33-5

12 p

39-3

39-0

37-3

4.8

3

30.11

29.72

29893

40.0

4 P

26.5

12 p

' 33-3"

33-4

293

10.3

4

30.20

30.11

30.178

41-5

5 P

22.0

6a

31-7

31-9

29.7

II. 2

s

30.19

30.07

30.135

430

5:30 p

30.0

12 p

36.5

34-7

3[-3

3-3

6

30-23

30.06

30.180

46.5

3 P

24.0

6a

35-3

35-1

30-3

9-7

7

30-15

30.01

30-073

36.0

0 A

32.0

7:30 A

34-0

34-1

32-7

0.0

8

30.01

29.58

29-715

56.0

9P

33-0

3A

44-5

39-6

44-3

0.0

9

29.94

2963

29.817

45.0

0 A

29.0

12 P

37-0

36-7

32.0

8.1

10

3015

29.94

30-075

49-5

4 P

28.5

5 A

390

37 9

33-3

1 1.8

II

30.15

29.88

30.022

53-0

1:30 H

31-5

4 A

42.3

41.0

38.7

10.6

12

30.04

29.65

29939

59-5

12:30 P

3'-o

12 P

45-3

42.7

35-3

10.9

13

30-31

30.04

30.273

43-5

5 P

25.0

6a

34-3

33-0

27.7

12.3

14

30-33

30.11

30247

60.5

2:30 p

23.0

6a

41.7

40.9

33-5

1 1.2

•5

30.23

29.94

30.151

48.0

2P

325

4:30 a

40.3

390

34-3

7-1

[6

29.94

29.68

29.723

35-0

3:30 A

32.0

12 p

33-5

33-7

32.0

00

•7

30-13

29.74

29.952

60.0

3:30 P

265

4:30 A

42.7

446

39-2

1 1-3

18

30.19

2J.98

30.1 1 1

71-5

4P

30-5

5:30 A

51.0

52-1

44-7

11-5

•9

29.98

29.65

29.802

83-5

2:30 p

48.0

5:30 A

657

63.2

54-3

7-3

20

29.74

29-55

29.641

60.0

II A

46.0

12 P

53-0

55 -o

51-5

0.5

21

30-13

29.65

30.006

50.5

4:30 P

37-5

11:30 P

44.0

43-9

40.5

II. I

22

30-13

29-85

30.031

65.0

3:30 P

38-5

0 A

51-7

49.6

43-3

8.0

23

30-35

30-13

30.307

52.5

5 P

325

12 P

42.5

42-3

35-0

12.3

24

30.36

30.20

30-307

61.5

5 P

29.0

2 A

45-3

46.4

40.0

12.2

25

30.39

30.28

30373

55-0

2:30 p

395

6 A

47-3

45 -o

37-7

I.I

26

3031

29.95

30.069

42.0

6p

34 5

1:30 A

383

384

38.5

0.0

27

30.20

2994

30.094

53-0

4 P

40.0

2 A

46.5

46.9

45-7

0.0

28

30.21

30.02

30-135

• 62 0

1:30 P

46.5

4A

54-3

54.3

523

0.0

29

30.04

29-95

30-013

550

0 A

40.0

12 P

47 5

48-5

46.7

0.0

30

30.09

29.99

30.053

52-5

5 P

36.0

12 P

44-3

42.6

387

3-1

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

h

Total in

u

0

Q.

a

>

li

a .

S 3 cr

bi

c

c

bi

Inches.

*

Q

rt 5

c a)

So

S5S

<u 1) 3

're tS

> OJ

PhQ

0 o**

H2.S

rt tu ■_

.2 3

^ 0

c

a
W

a
"re

0

s

I

31.0

.211

83.0

W.

77

0.5

10

12 M

I P

12 P

•54

2

27-5

.249

69'5

N.W.

183

2.0

20

4P

0 A

12 P

.22

3

23-5

.181

69.0

N.N.W.

202

30

24

9P

0 A

5A

•03

i

4

27-5

.186

78.5

W.N.W.

156

1-5

17

2 P

5

22.5

.195

67.5

W.

215

2-5

22

2 P

9A

T

T

6

23.0

.203

63.5

W.N.W.

95

0-5

10

2 A

7

31.0

.190

95 -o

N.W.

77

0.0

—

—

I A

12 P

•83

ll

8

43-0

•313

96.0

N.

58

5-5

33

II P

0 A

12 P

•99

9

26.5

.203

72 0

N.N.W.

320

3-0

24

8 P

0 A

4A

•25

lO

27.0

.219

67.0

N.W.

241

2-5

22

12 M

II

34-5

264

76.5

S.

401

13.0

51

I P

lOP

12 P

.01

12

27.0

249

59.0

w.s.w.

344

26.5

73

6p

0 A

5P

.02

13

20.0

•177

62.S

N.W.

280

6.0

35

1 p

•4

=5-5

237

61.0

S.

163

5.0

32

6p

15

27.5

332

69.0

E.N.E.

242

6.0

35

6 P

5 P

12 p

.28

i

16

29-5

188

90.0

N.N.E.

244

3-5

26

10 A

0 A

10 p

•99

3

'7

340

291

69.0

N.

151

6.5

36

41^

18

40.0

367

69.0

S.W.

124

3-0

24

8P

'9

50.0

502

75-0

s.

266

7.0

38

5 P

7A

T

20

50.0

403

91.0

s.s.w.

197

7-5

39

10 P

2 A

II p

.96

21

39-0

265

88.0

N.N.W.

286

7-5

39

12 M

22

39-5

319

77-5

W.S.W.

252

9.0

43

6 p

3A

T

23

25.0

255

53-0

N.

349

6.5

36

I A

24

295

327

50-5

N.

182

5.0

32

I P

25

31.0

269

66.0

S.E.

180

4.0

28

12 M

8p

12 p

.28

26

37-5

239

93 5

N.N.E.

143

2.5

22

9 P

0 A

12 p

•79

27

44-5

321

91.0

N.N.E.

294

4-5

30

12 M

0 A

12 p

•15

28

50.5

4'3

92.0

w.sw.

159

3-0

24

6 P

0 A

12 p

T

29

45-5

343

915

E.

131

'•5

17

II A

0 A

12 p

.07

30

35-0 •

265

79'5

N.N.E.

182

6.5

36

6p

0 A

I p

.18

**Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

*Included in following day.

REMARKS

During the month the season made less than normal progress,
and at the close of the month vegetation had hardly more than
made a start. The first half the month was especially cold and but
a single day during that time showed a mean temperature higher
than the average for the month. The last week of the month was
also colder than usual, with rain nearly every day of that time.
The mean temperature placed the month with the unusually cold
Aprils of the last quarter of a century.

The precipitation was more than twice the normal amount and
was well distributed throughout the month. The snowfall nearly
equalled that of the preceding month.

The following were the more important characteristics of the
records of the several weather elements: The mean barometer was
higher than the normal and the range slightly less than usual. The
maximum and minimum pressures were but 30 hours apart. The
total wind movement was unusually large and numerous gales were
recorded. On twelve days the average daily velocity exceeded ten
miles per hour.

The mean temperature was more than four degrees below the
normal and the range was exceptionally large. The minimum tem-
perature for the month was very nearly equal to the April average
for that feature.

The mean dew point was considerably lower than the normal,
owing to the low temperature of the month. The mean relative
humidity was very high, due to the large number of rainy days.

The total precipitation, as previously noted, was exceptionally
large, in fact, it was higher than any previous April record since this
station was established.

The amount of cloudiness was much more than normal, owing to
the large amount of rainy weather.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
E. K. DEXTER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 305.

MAY, 1914

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground^ 51 fi- Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height of Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 30 20, i8th, 9 A.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.19, 6th, 4 A.
Reduced! maximum reading, 30.50, i8th, 9 A.
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.49, 6th, 4 A.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 3o-043

Monthly range i-oi

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 9I.0. 27th, 2 p.

Lowest 27.0, 2d, 5 A.

Mean hourly, 59-°

Mean of means of max. and min., .... 58.9

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 57-5

Monthly range, 64.0

Highest mean daily, 75-9. 27th

Lowest mean daily, 40-3i i3th

Mean maximum, 72.3

Mean minimum, 45-5

Mean daily range, 26.7

Greatest daily range 39.0, 3d, i8th

Least daily range, 6-0, 13th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 49-3

Mean force of vapor, 522

Mean relative humidity, 74-5

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, 3-56

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rainfell

♦Temperature in ground shelter.
1 Keduoed to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement, 4491m.

Greatest daily movement 364m., 6th

Least daily movement, ...... .42m.,i8th

Mean daily movement, 145 m

Mean hourly velocity, 6.0 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 19.0 lbs.=

62m. per hour, 27th, 5P., W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30m. per

hour, 27th, 5P., W.
Prevailing Direction. West Northwest.

Summary.

North Northwest 26 per cent.

Northeast 13 "

West 13 ■'

West Northwest 10 "

Northwest 10

Other directions 28 "

Weatlier.

Mean cloudiness observed, .... 42 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, 129 hrs.=28 per cent.

Number of clear days 15

Number of fair days, 12

Number of cloudy days, 4

Briglit Sunslilne.

Number of hours recorded, . . 324hrs=72*.

Rain, 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th, 9th, nth, 12th, 13th,

14th, 17th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 30th.

Frosts, ist, 2d, i6th.

Tliunder and Lightning, 4th, 9th, 12th,

26th, 27th.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : 37m, ist,

N.W.;4om,2d, N.N.W.; 40m, 6th, N.N.W.:

54m, 23d, N.W.; 38m, 25th, S.S.W.; 62m,

27th, W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

<u

c

s

>.

S

E

-13

J3

u

s-

e

3

a

'a

■3
.•0

a J.

rt a

1

c<

V

e

3
£

s is"

u 0 £

Ji3

Q

Ig

S

SJ)

s

H

S

H

SSS

ssa

S^^

n

I

30.10

29.85

29.967

54-5

3 ^

32.0

2:30 A

43-3

42.4

37-3

12.7

2

29.98

29.79

29891

65.0

3:30 p

27.0

5A

46.0

48.5

43-5

12.3

3

30.09

29.98

30.061

74.5

4 p

35-5

5:30 A

55-0

56.2

505

12.0

4

30.07

29.85

29.9S8

69.5

11:30 A

42.5

5:30 A

56.0

56.6

49-3

79

5

29.89

29.52

29655

55.0

2 P

485

12 P

51-7

51-4

49-7

0.0

6

29.78

29.49

29.641

695

3-30 H

48.5

0 A

590

57-7

53-3

10.7

7

2988

29.78

29.847

74.0

5 P

385

5 A

56.3

56.8

51-5

105

8

29.89

2973

29.816

66.5

12:30 P

47-5

5:30 A

570

56.5

51.0

44

9

29.77

29.59

29.708

74 5

4 P

50.5

5A

62.5

60.8

55-3

11.4

10

29.89

2975

29.819

74-5

2:30 P

44.0

5:30 A

59-3

61.6

56.5

11.2

u

30.04

29.89

29 981

72.5

4P

505

5A

61.5

62.7

590

10.7

12

30.20

30.03

30.121

570

0 A

390

12 P

48.0

456

41.3

0.0

13

30.20

30.10

30.160

43 5

5 P

37-5

6a

40.5

40.3

390

0 0

14

30-13

30.00

30.077

66.0

5 P

40.5

3 A

53-3

51-3

46.5

105

15

3019

30.06

30.125

64.5

3:30 P

40.5

4:30 A

525

53-2

47-7

13.2

i6

30.25

30.13

30.199

69 0

5 P

35 -o

5A

52.0

54-1

48.7

13s

17

30.40

30.25

30.350

725

4:30 p

40.0

5:30 A

563

56.5

465

11.4

18

30.50

30.40

30455

78.5

3:30 P

39 5

4:30 A

59-0

60.5

525

I3-I

19

3049

30.34

30.419

82.0

3:30 P

46.5

6a

64.3

654

54-7

13.0

20

30-36

30.20

30.279

840

5 P

47-5

5:30 A

65.7

669

59.0

12.9

21

30.20

30.03

30.103

76.0

I p

52.0

5:30 A

640

63 0

56.0

11. 1

' 22

30.03

29.70

29.839

82.5

4 P

48.5

5:30 A

65 s

645

60.0

12. 1

23

3000

29.69

29.822

68.5

10 A

490

12 P

58.7

60.0

57.5

12.0

24

303-

3000

30229

73-0

1:30 P

44.0

3:30 A

58.5

600

55-5

130

25

30.34

30-15

30 261

75-0

12 M

53-5

0 A

64.3

64.6

62.7

6.8

26

30.15

2993

30.043

90.0

3P

635

4A

76.7

73-7

67.0

lO.O

27

30.04

2993

29-973

91.0

2 P

655

11:30 P

78.3

75-9

70.3

11.6

28

30.29

29.91

30.081

85.0

4 P

61.0

12 P

73.0

73-^

63.7

14.2

29

30-43

30.28

30377

750

4:30 P

49.0

12 P

62.0

61.7

540

14.2

30

30.32

29.94

30.066

77.5

5 P

45-0

3A

61.3

61.5

58.0

'3-2

31

30.06

29.88

29967

80.0

4 P

50.0

5 A

65.0

67.0

58.5

14.0

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humiditj

!.

Wind.

Precipitation.

^

Total in

Q

0

p.

>

>5

■Ms

(U in

ft

ti

c

'c

bi

Inches.

*

Q

- m
5tt,

u (u 3

> <u

5>i

0) 3
^ 0

E
H

c
■fci

0)

m

'■3

c
W

0

a

!/3

I

29.0

266

63.0

N.N.VV.

269

7.0

37

10 A

2

36.0

367

60.5

N.N.W.

219

8.0

40

10 A

3

450

455

65.5

N.W.

91

1-5

17

2 P

4

45-5

410

75-5

S.

142

5-5

33

2 P

6 P

12 P

•33

5

48.5

371

93-5

E.N.E.

114

'•5

17

12 P

0 A

12 P

I.OI

6

49-5

478

75 -o

N.N.W.

364

8.0

40

2 P

0 A

4A

.05

7

48.0

460

74-5

W.

57

0.5

10

3P

8

48.0

422

80.0

N.E.

108

2-5

22

9 P

5 P

12 P

.04

9

530

495

82.0

W.N.W.

116

2.0

20

3 P

6p

10 P

•17

lO

52.0

559

70.0

N.N.W.

154

4-5

30

6p

I!

55-5

605

72.0

W.N.W.

171

30

24

II A

6p

12 P

.14

12

390

280

86.5

N.E.

144

2.0

20

2 P

0 A

12 P

I .03

13

37-0

249

90.0

N.E.

155

I.O

14

7 A

0 A

12 P

.65

14

43-0

372

77.0

w.s.w.

93

2.0

20

I P

0 A

7 A

T

15

405

417

62.5

N.N.W.

169

4-5

30

2 P

16

42.5

437

635

W.NW.

130

4.0

28

3P

17

40.0

397

62.5

N.N.W.

77

2-5

22

7 P

6:30 P

T

18

47.0

500

66.5

N.N.W.

42

6-5

10

6 P

'9

49-5

565

64.0

E.

65

1.0

14

2 p

20

55-5

6.5

72.0

N.W.

48

0.0

—

—

21

52-5

536

735

N.E.

66

0.5

10

II P

22

58.5

570

87.5

S.S.E.

64

1.0

14

10 p

23

50.0

540

82.0

N.W.

281

14-5

54

2 p

24 530

493

83.0

W.

129

1.0

14

4 P

25 61.0

623

87.5

S.S.W.

238

7.0

38

4 P

5A

12 P

•05

26

655

749

85.0

W.S.W.

180

50

32

6 P

0 A

5P

.01

27

68.0

861

81.0

W.

134

19.0

62

5 P

5P

6p

.08

28

585

765

66.0

N.N.W.

199

5-0

32

2 P

29

49-5

5'5

69 0

S.

151

5.0

32

6 P

30

550

573

77-5

s.w.

192

1-5

17

12 M

8 a

I p

T

31

525

656

60.5

w.

129

3-0

24

2 P

•*Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

♦Included in followingday.

REMARKS

The weather during May was more nearly normal than that of the
preceding month, and the seasonal progress was rapid. Most of the
precipitation occurred during the first half of the month, and the
last half of the month was marked by generally clear weather with a
few exceptionally warm days. Normal conditions were the rule the
last part of the month.

An analysis of the records of the several weather elements shows
the following features : The mean barometer was considerably
higher than the normal and the range large for the time of year.
Several rather high barometer records were made, while the mini-
mum was about the usual value.

The mean temperature was about two and a half degrees above
the May normal, and the maximum was the highest since 1900.
The minimum was three degrees lower than the normal for this fea-
ture, but occurred so early in the month that no damage was done,
although traces of ice were noted in a few places. Owing to the ab-
normal maximum and minimum records the range was exceptionally
large for the month.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both considera-
bly higher than the normals for these features.

The precipitation was slightly less than the usual amount, and the
number of days having a measurable amount, comparatively few.

The total wind movement was slightly less than the normal, and
an exceptionally large percentage of the total was from the north-
west quadrant.

The amount of bright sunshine was a hundred hours more than
the normal for this month.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

E. K. DEXTER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 306.

JUNE. 1914

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground^ 51 fi- Above sea level, 2"/^.^ ft.
Height of Wind Instrumetits 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 29 99, 9th, 8 a.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.34, 20th, 11 P.
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.29, gth, 8 A.
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.64, 20th, 11 p.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 29.952

Monthly range 0.65

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest, 90.5, 24th, 3 p.

Lowest, 39.0, 6th, 5-30 a.

Mean hourly, 64.4

Mean of means of ma.x. and min 64.6

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 592

Monthly range, 51.5

Highest mean daily, 79-4, 26th

Lowest mean daily, 56.5, i6th

Mean maximum, 76.3

Mean minimum, 52.8

Mean daily range 23-5

Greatest daily range, 40-5. 7th

Least daily range 5.5,2Sth

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 55.7

Mean force of vapor 609

Mean relative humidity, ........ .76.1

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, 2.32

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rainfell 8

♦Temperature in ground shelter.
1 Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement, 4468m.

Greatest daily movement, .... 312m., 20th

Least daily movement, 47m., 29th

Mean daily movement 149 m

Mean hourly velocity, 6.2 m

Maxinmm pressure per square foot, 14.0 lbs.:=

53m. per hour, 15th, 6 p., S.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m. per

hour, i6th, 3P., N.W.
Prevailing Direction, West.

Summary.
North Northwest ........ 13 per cent.

North Northeast 10 " "

West Northwest 17 " "

South 20 " "

Other directions 40 " "

Weatlier.

Mean cloudiness observed, .... 48 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, i74hrs.=38 per cent.

Number of clear days, 12

Number of fair days, 11

Number of cloudy days, 7

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 283 hrs=62l<.
Rain, 3d, 4th, 7th, 8th, 15th, 19th, 27th, 28th,

29th, 30th.
Thunder and I^ightning, 15th.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : 40m, 4th,

S.; 39m, 5th, N.N.W.; 37m, loth.W.N.W.;

36m, 12th, W.N.W.; 53m, 15th, S.; 47m,
16th, N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

Sea Level.

Temperature, (jround Mielter.

"> at

e

e

>.

2

H

■V

J2

S

OS

E

.T3

1
V.

6

3
S

<u

S

0 3

rt >'• C

0) 0 S

2 ca5

x'2

Q

s

S

'S

H

s

H

SSS

SIQ

1-1

I

29.94

29.78

29.882

79-5

3 P

57-0

12 P

68.3

68.3

61.0

13-7

2

30.10

29.94

30.035

70.0

5:30 P

45-5

5A

57-7

59-5

56.3

14.0

3

30.09

30-03

30.066

730

12 M

47-5

1:30 A

60.3

62.8

56.5

13-4

4

30.11

2966

29.814

61.5

9P

54-5

5 A

58.0

58.1

56-3

0.0

5

30.10

29.71

29 961

68.5

4P

46.0

12 P

57-3

58.5

52.0

14.2

6

30.19

30.09

30.169

76.5

4:30 P

39-0

5:30 A

57-7

58.0

51-5

13.2

7

30.20

29.97

30.078

83-5

3:30 P

430

SA

63.3

65.2

58.5

12.7

8

30.22

2992

30.059

81.0

11:30 A

58.S

12 P

69.7

69.2

62.0

9.1

9

30.29

30.09

30.206

67.5

4:30 p

540

7 A

60.7

59-3

54-3

7-7

lO

30.09

29.71

29837

87.0

3P

53-5

4A

70.3

69.7

61.0

"•3

II

29.81

2^-75

29.787

87.5

3:30 P

57-5

5:30 A

72.5

73-6

70.0

12.2

12

29.88

29.71

29795

87.0

3 P

580

4 A

72.5

72.9

637

13-7

13

29.95

29.86

29.921

800

2:30 p

54-5

5A

67.3

69.0

67.0

11.7

14

30.02

2993

29.976

78.0

5P

53-5

4A

65-7

64.7

59-3

11.8

15

29-93

29.74

29.815

71.0

3 P

525

5A

6. .7

60.3

56.0

5-2

16

29.96

2970

29843

67.5

3:30 p

49.0

12 P

58.3

56.5

50-3

7-4

17

30.12

29.96

30.087

78.5

4 P

45-5

5:30 A

62.0

61.4

543

14.6

i8

3013

29.98

30.058

78.0

3 P

47-5

5:30 A

62.7

63.5

54-7

12.8

19

30.01

29.64

29.815

71.0

12:30 p

530

5A

62.0

61.5

58-3

4.3

20

30.06

29.66

29.947

67-5

5:30 P

455

5:30 A

56.5

568

47-7

13.2

21

30.10

29.96

30.039

77.0

2 p

48.5

2 A

62.7

625

54-0

6-5

22

30.00

2993

29.976

82.5

5:30 p

55-5

4A

69.0

67-7

60.5

9.4

23

3000

29.87

29-957

82.5

1 P

53-5

5A

6S.0

69.5

630

10.7

24

29-93

29 80

29866

90.5

3P

64.5

5A

77-5

77.2

71-7

9-7

25

29.9s

29.79

29.847

89s

2 p

67-5

I 1:30 P

78.5

79-4

71-7

12.9

26

30.09

299s

30.017

84.0

4:30 P

56-5

5:30 A

70.3

71.4

655

12.0

27

30.02

29.96

29.980

71-5

3 P

59.0

5:30 A

65-3

64-9

63-5

1-7

28

29.99

29.87

29939

61.5

0 A

56.0

12 P

587

58.8

57.0

0.0

29

29.87

29.97

29.795

69-5

2:30 P

56.0

0 A

62.7

61.1

59-0

2.1

30

30.10

29.83

29.992

66.0

II A

53-0

12 P

59-5

61.2

58.5

2.1

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity

Wind.

Precipitation.

f^

Total in

Q

0
a

>

>>

>T3

M

s 1)

S 3 o-

4J

P.

bfl

Inches.

*

Q

i 0

S3S

(U <u 3

> 0)
PlhQ

^PhCl,

en C

n3 0

E

H

c
'Si

0

a
in

I

57-0

643

74.0

N.W.

146

4-5

30

2 P

2

52-5

527

77.0

N.N.W.

144

4.0

28

2 P

3

50.0

608

59.0

W.N.W.

188

5-5

33

2 P

10 P

12 P

.10

4

55-0

480

91.0

S.

212

8.0

40

12 M

0 A

II P

•51

5

46.0

490

64.0

N.N.W.

300

7-5

39

5 P

6

44-5

502

59.0

N.N.E.

92

0.0

—

7

54,0

619

69.5

S.W.

lOI

I.O

14

4P

7 P

T

8

58.5

670

75-5

E.S.E.

92

2.0

20

I P

7 A

2 P

T

9

51-5

484

78.5

S.E.

102

2-5

22

9 P

10

56.5

715

68.0

WS.W.

253

7.0

37

5 P

II

67.S

846

80.5

N.N.W.

134

35

26

1 p

12

60.0

748

69-5

W.N.W.

157

6.5

36

6p

13

64.5

761

81.0

N.N.W.

169

35

26

3P

14

56.5

573

81.5

N.

84

0.0

—

IS

55°

478

89.5

S.

190

14.0

53

6p

5:30 p

7P

.48

i6

45-5

440

695

N.W.

253

1 1.0

47

3 P

17

47.0

572

57.0

W.N.W.

113

1.0

14

II A

i8

49.0

552

63.0

S.

181

30

24

2 P

19

57.0

528

87.5

s.

166

3-0

24

2 P

1:30 p

12 P

.69

20

41.5

426

6. .5

W.NW.

312

S-o

32

12 M

21

48.0

542

63.0

S.W.

121

1-5

17

4 P

22

57-0

628

76.0

W.

67

00

—

23

63-5

679

87.5

S.

114

2.0

20

4 P

24

70.0

876

85.0

W.S.W.

121

1.0

14

4 P

25

68.5

96S

730

W.N.W.

258

5-5

33

4 P

26

62.5

762

74-5

S.S.W.

114

1-7

17

3 P

27

62.5

621

91.0

S.

67

0.0

—

—

5 A

12 P

•15

28

56.0

487

930

N.N.E.

87

0.0

—

—

0 A

12 P

•33

29

58.0

521

94-5

N.N.E.

47

0.0

—

—

2P

7:30 P

.05

30

57.0

523

90.5

W.

83

0.0

8a

10 A

.01

**Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

*Includedin following day.

REMARKS

The weather during June was generally seasonable and free from
unusual features. Comparatively clear and cool, with a rather large
wind movement and considerably deficient in precipitation give a fair
summary of the prevailing conditions. Traces of frost were re-
ported, on two dates, from the low grounds in the vicinity, but the
temperature did not fall low enough for the formation of frost at the
station.

A comparison of the records of the various weather elements with
the normals of the station shows the following features : The maxi-
mum and mean barometer records were practically normal. The
minimum barometer was not as low as usual, giving a comparatively
small range.

The total wind movement was about twenty percent more than the
average, and more variable in direction than usual. A comparatively
large number of gales were noted, nearly all during the first half the
month.

The maximum and minimum temperatures were both practically
normal while the mean temperature was about a degree and a half
lower than the normal. The greatest daily range of temperature, on
the 7th, was an unusually large amount for that feature.

The mean dew point was slightly below the normal while the rela-
tive humidity was several points higher than the average, notwith-
standing the small amount of cloudy weather.

The total precipitation was about seventy percent of the normal
and was fairly well distributed throughout the month. Only a single
thunder storm was noted during the month.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

R. E. McLAIN, Observer.

BULLETIN No- 307.

JULY, 1914

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. . Longitude 72" 31' 10" W.
Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height of Wi?id Itistrumefits 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure, In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 29 92, 30th, 9 p.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.36, 20th, 0 A.
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.21, 30th, 9 p.
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.66, 20th, o A.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 29.981

Monthly range 0.55

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 89.0, 13th, 3:30 p.

Lowest, 45-0. ist, 4-30 A.

Mean hourly, 67.7

Mean of means of max. and niin., .... 68.6

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 62 6

Monthly range, 44.°

Highest mean daily, 78.0, 17th

Lowest mean daily 56-5. 3d

Mean maximum, 78-5

Mean minimum, 58.6

Mean daily range, , 19-9

Greatest daily range 33-o. 21st

Least daily range, 6.0, 3d

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 60.0

Mean force of vapor, " 663

Mean relative humidity, ....... .80.7

Precipitation, In inches.

Total precipitation, 3-53

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell M

♦Temperature in ground shelter.
1 Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement, 3555ni.

Greatest daily movement, .... 254m., 17th

Least daily movement, 35m., 23d

Mean daily movement, 115 m

Mean hourly velocity, 4.8 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, S.o lbs.=

40m. per hour, 21st, 12 M., W.S.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30m. per

hour, 2ist, 2P., W.S.W.
Prevaihng Direction, South.

Summary.

South 19 per cent.

South Southwest 13" "

SouthlSoutheast 13 " "

Northwest 10 " "

North Northeast 10 " "

Other directions 35 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, .... 69 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, 221 hrs.=48 per cent.

Number of clear days, 7

Number of fair days, 16

Number of cloudy days, 8

Brjglit Sunsliine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 241 hrs=52j(.

Rain, 1st, 2d, 3d, 6th, 7th, gth, loth, nth,

15th, 17th, 18th, 2ist, 23d, 28th, 29th, 30th.

Tliunder and Lightning, 9th, nth, 12th,

17th, iSth, 2ist.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : 4oni, 21st,

W.S.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Te.

nperature. Groiind Shelter.

.S

a

E

_>-

s

£

•B

^

3 c
0 3

^

B

s
£

a p

s

E

£

.§

11 0 s

Q

s

S

Sc«

S

H

^

r-i

S2S

SKQ

SJ^^

M

I

30.19

29.99

30.110

73-0

2 P

45.0

4:30 A

590

59-8

58.5

9.0

2

30-03

29.86

29927

69,0

31^

56.0

12 P

62,5

60,1

56-3

6.0

3

30-17

30-03

30.129

60.0

6p

54-0

5A

57-0

56-5

55-3

0.6

4

30-17

30.06

30.137

81.0

4:30 P

52-5

5 A

66.7

64-3

61.0

14.0

5

30-15

30.04

30 130

78.0

2 p

58,0

4 A

68.0

65.2

60.5

7.1

6

30-15

2993

30.107

75-0

I P

56.0

5:30 A

65.5

65.2

59-3

12.5

7

29.95

29.77

29842

68.0

12 M

57.0

I A

62.5

62.3

60.5

O.I

8

30.12

29.95

30.077

83-5

1:30 P

62.0

4A

72.7

71-5

66.7

6.8

9

30.15

3004

30.1 1 1

81.0

3P

63.0

12 P

72,0

69-3

64.7

5-6

10

30.07

2997

30.021

75-0

1:30 p

63.0

4A

69,0

68.5

64.0

4-7

II

29.98

29.85

29,912

82.5

2:30 P

64 0

I 1:30 P

73-3

70.9

653

8.6

12

29.90

29.82

29.863

87-0

4P

64.0

4:30 A

75-5

73-9

68.3

8.2

13

29-95

29.85

29 911

89.0

3:30 P

64.0

5:30 A

, 76.5

751

66.5

10.3

14

30.02

2995

29.991

81.0

3:30 P

59-0

5A

70.0

70.6

63.7

8.7

15

29.97

29.88

29 911

840

5P

64.0

6a

74.0

72.2

673

6.7

16

29-95

29.82

29.885

85,0

4:30 p

70 0

6a

77-5

75-6

71-5

7-1

17

29.82

29.67

29.751

880

2 p

73-0

5A

80.5

78,0

74.0

6.9

18

29.82

29.68

29-755

84,0'

4 P

67.0

12 P

75-5

76.3

69-5

14.0

19

29.95

29.82

29,868

77.0

2:30 P

550

12 P

660

67.2

62,5

12.4

20

30.05

29.66

30,017

78,0

6:30 P

47-5

5:30 A

62.7

62.5

53-0

12.9

21

30.00

29.81

29.928

86.5

I P

53-5

6a

70.0

67.6

64.7

7-5

22

30.14

3000

30,121

80.5

5 P

50-5

6a

65.5

658

56.7

12.3

23

30-13

29.92

30.014

66.0

2 P

54-5

5 A

60.3

60.7

59-3

0,0

24

29.97

29.88

29.932

83-5

4:30 p

58-5

5 A

71.0

69-3

63-3

8.0

25

29.90

29.76

29-837

84.0

4P

645

6a

74.3

72.7

68.3

8.6

26

29-95

29.82

29888

85-5

3:30 P

61.5

5:30 A

73-5

74.5

69.0

13-7

27

29-99

29.91

29.959

830

3P

56.0

5:30 A

69.5

70.0

39-0

8.6

28

29.96

29 90

29-945

71-5

11 A

59-0

7A

65-3

648

59-3

0.0

29

30.12

29,92

30.022

665

II A

56.5

12 P

61.5

60.2

57-0

2-3

30

30 2 1

30.12

30.203

71-5

2:30 P

55-5

I A

63-5

62,6

56,7

8.2

31

30.21

2996

30,093

77-5

2:30 P

53-5

5:30 A

653

65-9

59-3

9-5

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

h

Total in

Q

0

p.

>

a

a .

<U in

c 3 a-

ft

bi
c

'S

bJ:

Indies.

*

Q

3 1)

<u a) S

'5 u

> 0)

3>i

•p f},'Jl

rt 0) !-,

n: 0

0)

s

•3
W

.S

0

a

I

57.0

533

87.5

S.E.

74

I.O

14

7 P

5P

12 P

■38

2

54-5

480

88.5

E.N.E.

178

I.O

14

12 M

0 A

7 P

.42

3

54-5

455

92.5

N.N.E.

36

0.0

—

—

7 A

3P

.21

4

60.0

5«5

905

N.N.E.

50

0.5

10

8 p

5

58.S

591

85.0

S.

149

4.0

28

2 p

6

55-5

605

73-5

S.E.

108

0-5

10

10 p

4:30 P

12 P

•30

7

59-5

55s

90-5

S.S.W.

251

3-5

26

5P

0 A

7 P

■30

8

64.5

750

81.5

S.

230

30

24

2 p

9

63-5

656

89.0

S.E.

90

o-S

10

4 P

4P

5 P

■},(>

to

62,0

679

83.0

S.

85

05

10

9P

10 P

12 p

.01

II

64 0

656

925

S.

162

2.0

20

6p

6:30 P

8:30 p

•5°

12

67.0

765

87.5

w.

69

0.0

—

—

«3

63-5

75S

78.5

W.N.W.

61

0.0

—

14

61.0

691

78.5

S.S.E.

96

I.O

14

3P

15

65-5

742

86.5

S.

46

0.0

—

—

I A

9P

T

16

70.0

850

88.0

S.S.W.

117

3-0

24

3 P

•7

730

901

90.0

S.S.W.

254

4-5

30

4P

4 P

5 P

.21

iS

67.0

«57

79.0

N.W.

67

2.0

20

12 M

I A

2 A

.07

19

58.5

711

69 0

N.N W.

243

2.0

20

3 P

ao

45-5

549

565

N.W.

80

2.0

20

II A

21

62.0

705

80.5

S.S.W.

147

8.0

40

12 M

2 P

3P

•36

22

50.S

633

58.0

N.

142

30

24

I P

23

58.0

529

92.0

w.s.w.

35

0.0

—

—

9A

8p

.25

24

60.0

677

79-5

E.

84

0.0

—

—

25

67.0

765

875

s.

96

1.0

14

12 M

26

66.5

927

705

W.NW.

117

2-5

22

II A

27

52 0

710

55-5

N.W.

80

0.0

—

—

28

56.5

572

81.5

S.E.

70

0.0

—

—

6 P

10 p

.01

29

55-0

5'4

83-5

N.N.E.

"3

2-5

22

2 P

6a

3P

•IS

30

53-0

•538

76 0

E.N.E.

162

2.0

20

9A

7 P

8p

T

31

550

623

70.0

E.S.E.

63

0.0

**Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

''Included in followingday.

REMARKS

The weather during July was more cloudy than usual with precipi-
tation on about half the days. Notwithstanding the frequency of the
rains the total precipitation was considerably less than the normal.
The general absence of extremely warm days was also an important
feature. Numerous thunder storms were also noted, several of con-
siderable severity.

The best estimate however of the weather conditions prevailing
can be obtained by a comparison of the records of the several
weather elements with the corresponding normals of the station.
Such comparison shows the following features of interest.

The mean barometer was slightly higher than the normal and the
range was the smallest since 1899. While the minimum pressure
was considerably above the normal, the maximum was correspond-
ingly low. Owing to the small fluctuation in pressure but one gale
was noted during the month.

The mean temperature was about three degrees below the normal,
making it the coolest July since 189 1. The maximum temperature
was the lowest since 1889, excepting only 1906, when the maximum
record was 88.5 degrees.. The mean maximum was also an unus-
ually low record. The minimum temperature was about the usual
value and was recorded on the first day of the month.

The mean dew point was but slightly below the normal while the
relative humidity was the highest since 1906.

Although there were numerous rainstorms the total precipitation
was only about 80 per cent of the normal. In this connection it
should be remembered that July is the month with the greatest pre-
cipitation record at this station, due to the two extremely large
monthly records of 1889 and 1897, when 10.52 and 14.51 inches
were respectively recorded.

The total wind movement was practically normal, but the large
amount from the south was very unusual for this station.

The amount of sunshine was considerably less than the normal,
the record showing the smallest amount since 1902.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
R. E. McLAIN, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 308.

AUGUST, 1914

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, Ji ft. Above sea level, zyj.j ft.
Height of Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inclies.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 29 g;, 26th, S A.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.42, 24th, 5 A.
Reduced^ maximum reading, 30.26, 26th, 8 A.
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.71, 24tli, 5 A.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 30.00S

Montlily range 0.55

•Air Toinperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest, 95-0, 9th, 2:30 P.

Lowest, 47.5, 25th, 6 A.; 26th, 6 A.

Mean liourly, 68.9

Mean of means of max. and min., .... 69.7

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 635

Monthly range, 47-5

Highest mean daily 79 7. loth

Lowest mean daily, 60.5,29th

Mean maximum, 79 9

Mean minimum, 59-6

Mean daily range, 20.3

Greatest daily range, 32.0, 9th

Least daily range, 3-5. 29th

Huuiirtity.

Mean dew point, 60.8

Mean force of vapor

Mean relative humidity, 80.3

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, 51

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 10

♦Temperature in ground shelter.
1 Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Total movement 3i9Sm.

Greatest daily movement, .... 226m., nth

Least daily movement, 43ni., 26th

Mean daily movement, 103 m

Mean hourly velocity, 4-3 ni

Maximum pressure per square foot, 17.0 lbs.=

SSm. per hour, 21st, i P., N.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 3on). per

hour, 2ist, I P., N.N.W.
Prevailing Direction, West.

Summary.

South Southwest 32 per cent.

North • • 10 " "

Northwest I 10 " "

North Northeast 10 " "

Other directions 38 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, .... 61 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer 220hrs.=5i per cent.

Number of clear days, 2

Number of fair days, 19

Number of cloudy days, 10

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 209 hrs=49*.
Rain, 1st, 3d, 5th, nth, 12th, i6th, 17th,

iSth, 19th, 20th, 2ist, 24th, 28th, 29th.
Thunder and Liglitnins, 3d, ilth, 20th,

24th.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : 58m, 21st,

N.N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Grou

id Shelter.

e

£

>■

£

g

T3

J3

§§

3

S

'rt

3

3

^ c

V^

Kcfl

e

B

.13
C J.

£

oj

S

<u

0 a

c .

c5°3

65

1

'c

SB

(1

E

'c

E

sis

nl 3 rt
u 0 S

S5g^

Z.Sf

Q

29.96

s

^m

S

H

S

H

SSS

swa

m

I

29.89

29.940

82.5

2:30 P

570

6:30 A

69.7

69.1

61.0

8.7

2

29.96

29-77

29.868

85.0

2:30 P

56.0

4 A

70.5

70.7

655

9.0

3

30.0.-5

29.80

29.924

82.0

3:30 P

63.0

6a

72.5

69.9

61.7

9-7

4

30.14

30.03

30.125

70.5

3P

56.5

5A

63.5

64.5

59-5

0.6

5

30.13

30.09

30.118

72.0

5P

595

4:30 A

657

64.5

61.7

1-7

6

30.16

30.03

30.125

83.0

3:30 p

61.0

4:30 A

72.0

70.5

65.3

9.9

7

30.11

2998

30.065

86.5

3:30 P

635

2 A

75-0

72.1

67.5

7.3

8

30.05

29.95

30.015

90.5

4P

70.0

6a

80.3

77.0

70.5

6.9

9

30.08

29.98

30-047

95.0

2:30 p

63 0

5:30 A

79.0

78.3

71 3

94

10

30.05

29,97

30 020

925

2 p

71.0

5:30 A

817

797

72.3

8.5

II

30.00

29.91

29957

83 0

I p

71.0

12 P

77.0

76.1

71.7

4-7

12

30.07

2996

30.051

71.0

0 A

62.0

12 P

665

66.3

64.3

0.0

'3

30.06

29.96

30.025

82.0

5P

59.0

12 P

70.5

69.4

62.5

11.7

14

30.00

2983

^99'3

80 5

1 p

52.0

5 A

66.3

67.9

60.7

8.3

15

29.96

29.84

29.905

835

2 p

62.5

7 A

730

71. 1

62.3

9-1

16

30.04

2995

30.030

81.0

2:30 p

54-0

5:30 A

67.5

69.4

62.0

10.8

17

3002

29.94

29989

800

2 p

61.0

12 P

70.5

678

637

2.8

18

30.01

29.90

29.958

765

5 P

57-5

5:30 A

67.0

66.5

65.0

0.6

19

30.06

29.91

30.003

850

3P

67.0

5:30 A

76.0

74-5

70.0

10.3

20

30.10

2998

30.063

77.5

3P

64.0

12 P

70.7

70.5

66.0

6.0

21

299S

29.80

29901

73.5

I p

61.0

5:30 A

67-3

653

63.5

2.3

22

30.02

2985

29.987

83-5

3:30 P

59.0

6a

7'. 3

69.7

6.3

10.7

23

3905

2978

29.926

82.0

1:30 p

54.5

5A

68.3

69-5

625

10.3

24

30.05

29.71

29.849

78.0

3:30 P

56.0

12 p

67.0

69.9

63.5

2.0

25

30.20

3005

30.153

75.0

3P

47-5

6a

61.3

60. 7

53-5

10.3

26

30.26

30.15

30213

77.0

4 P

47-5

6a

62.3

61 2

55-3

1 1.4

27

30.21

3009

30.157

77.0

3:30 P

550

6a

66.0

64.1

59-3

5-5

28

30.12

30.05

30.099

71-5

1:30 P

61.0

3 A

66.3

64.5

60.3

0.0

29

30.09

29.84

29.948

62.5

0 A

59-0

12 p

60.7

60 5

60.0

0.0

30

2993

29.80

29885

77.0

4:30 P

58.0

5 A

67.5

65-5

60.3

9-5

31

3003

29.91

29.974

80.5

6p

58.0

3A

69.3

68.6

63.0

10.5

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity

Wind.

Precipitation.

t^

1

Total in

Q

0
a

>

Sj

E 3 CT

Q.

be
c

'S

hi

Inches.

#

ci

Q

3 <u

s 0

S5E

11 <u 3

"5 0

> <U
(U I-

rt 1; -

^ 0

V

a

a
'So

'■5
a
W

0

a

I

560

718

64.5

N.W.

78

3-5

26

2 P

7P

T

2

635

716

8S.5

S.S.W.

147

4.0

28

3 P

3

57-0

777

66.5

N.N.E.

70

0.0

—

—

4A

5:30 P

.06

4

57-0

593

77.0

N.E.

125

0.0

—

—

5

60.5

595

89.5

N.N.E.

109

0.0

—

—

2:30 A

5A

.20

6

63.0

718

80.0

S.

1x6

0.0

—

—

7

66.0

741

86.5

S.S.W.

142

1-5

17

7 P

8

68.0

891

78.0

S.S.W.

103

0.0

—

—

9

70 0

895

84.5

S.S.W.

56

0.0

—

—

10

69-5

941

770

s.

185

5-5

33

2 P

II

70.0

861

85-5

S.S.W.

226

30

24

II A

3P

9P

•38

12

63.0

648

88.5

N.

108

1-5

17

8a

I P

2 p

.01

13

590

668

76.0

N.N.W.

53

0.0

—

—

14

57-5

637

75-5

S.E.

126

2.0

20

12 M

15

59.0

673

77.0

N.W.

83

I.O

14

I P

16

57-5

755

625

W.N.W.

94

0-5

10

I P

II P

T

•7

62 0

640

87.5

S.S.W.

65

4-5

30

3 P

3P

6 p

.19

18

645

648

95 -o

S.S.W.

65

2.0

20

3 P

10 A

10 p

.29

'9

68.5

806

86.5

W.

66

0.0

—

7 P

T

20

63-5

722

83,0

N.E.

72

0.0

—

—

0 A

12 p

1.85

21

625

605

94-5

E.

70

17.0

58

I P

0 A

7 P

.87

22

57.0

661

72.0

N.

104

30

24

10 A

23

590

687

755

S.S.W.

127

35

26

2 P

24

60.5

695

76.0

W.NW.

190

1.0

14

5 P

io:30A

II A

T

25

48.5

499

70.0

N.

77

05

10

2 P

26

51.0

521

73-0

N.N.E.

43

0.0

—

27

57.0

573

82.0

S.S.W.

99

1-5

17

5 P

28

57-5

586

83.0

S.S.W.

137

0.5

10

I A

3P

12 P

.11

29

59 5

538

945

E.N.E.

66

0.0

—

—

0 A

9P

1. 15

30

5«-5

5«3

85.0

N.W.

lOI

2.0

20

12 M

31

59-5

691

75.0

W.

95

0-5

10

10 A

**Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

*Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during the month was more than usually cloudy with
a comparatively high relative humidity and large precipitation.
From the 6th to the 12th there was a period of both high tempera-
ture and high humidity combined making it the most unpleasant
part of the month. Nearly all the precipitation occurred during the
last half the month, the storm of the 2oth-2ist was exceptionally
severe. More than one-half the total precipitation occurred during
that period ; as well as the high gale and heavy thunderstorm of the
month. The last half the month was generally cooler than the
mean for the month.

Comparing the records of the several weather elements for the
month with the corresponding normals the following features are
noted : The mean barometer was practically normal and the range
of pressure unusually small, even for August — the month of least
range. The interval between the minimum and maximum pressures
was only 5 1 hours.

The total wind movement was practically normal, but the number
of days with a prevailing direction of South Southwest was excep-
tionally large.

The maximum and minimum temperatures were considerably
above the usual values for these records, and the mean hourly tem-
perature was a degree above the normal. The monthly range was
slightly smaller than usual.

The mean dew point was nearly normal and the mean relative
humidity the highest since 1906.

The total precipitation was nearly an inch more than usual and
more than three-fourths occurred during two storms. Norwith-
standing the large amount of rain less than one-third the days of
the month showed a measurable amount.

The amount of sunshine was considerably less than the normal ;
only two days being recorded as clear.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
R. E. McLAIN, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 309.

SEPTEMBER, 1914

Meteorological Observations

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 fi' Above sea level, ^YS-S f^'
Height of IVind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 30 23, 14th, 9 A.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29,41, 24th, 3 p.
Reduced! maximum reading, 30.53, 14th, 9 A.
Reduced! minimum reading, 29.69, 24th, 3 P.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 3o-i3i

Monthly range 0.S4

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Higliest 96.5, 22d, 3:30 P

Lowest, 24.5, 29tli, 6 a

Mean hourly, 60.2

Mean of means of max. and min 61.0

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 53.1

Monthly range, - 72.0

Highest mean daily, 78.7, 2d

Lowest mean daily 42.0, 28th

Mean maximum 75.6

Mean minimum, 46.3

Mean daily range, 29.3

Greatest daily range, 44-5. 22d

Least daily range, i3-o, 25th

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 48.9

Mean force of vapor 503

Mean relative humidity, ....... .74.3

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, 52

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 6

♦Temperature in ground shelter.
1 Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement, 2992111.

Greatest daily movement, .... 266m., 26th

Least daily movement, 22m., 22d

Mean daily movement, 100 m

Mean hourly velocity, 4.2 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, ii.olbs.=

47m. per hour, 28th, 10 A., N.N.E.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30m. per

hour, 28th, 10 A., N.N.E.
Prevailing Direction, North.

Summary.

North Northeast 20 per cent.

North • • 13 " "

Southwest • 13 " "

East Southeast 10 " "

Other directions 44 " "

Weatlier.

Mean cloudiness observed, .... 27 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, i27hrs.=34 per cent.

Number of clear days, 12

Number of fair days, 13

Number of cloudy days, 5

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 246 lirs=66^.
Rain, 3d, 6th, 24th, 25th, 27th, 28th, 29th,

30th.
Frosts, 28th, 29th.

Tlmnder and Liglitning:, 2d, 3d, 30th.
Hail, 28th.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour: 36m, 7th,

\V.N.W.;36m, 26th, N.: 47m, 28th,N.N;E.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

0 G

S

ea Level.

Te

nperature. (jrou

nd Shelter.

e

3

3

■3

S

3

2
3

-0

.0

a

S
IS

30.09

S

'S

2X1

V

a

S
'c

S
H

0 nj

rt x" c

11 nl.S

« 0 2

I

29-93

30.017

85.0

2:30 P

54-5

5:30 P

69.7

70 6

66.0

8.6

2

29.97

29.84

29.892

90.0

4 P

71.0

3 A

80.5

78.7

73-7

8.4

3

29.97

29.87

29.912

82.0

2 P

64.0

12 P

730

732

69.0

8.9

4

30.00

2984

29.920

73-0

12 M

56.0

12 P

65.5

64.2

58.0

4-9

5

30.12

30.00

30.082

74.0

4:30?

48.0

6:30 A

61.0

60.9

55-0

II. I

6

30.08

29.82

29967

74.5

2 P

450

6a

59 7

61. 1

56.0

5-7

7

29.89

29.71

29 Si I

79.0

2 P

58.0

12 P

68.5

68.3

60.3

9.1

8

30.12

2987

30.053

63-5

3P

45 -o

12 P

54-3

55-5

47-3

5-9

9

30.24

30.12

30.199

60.0

1:30 P

36-S

6a

48.3

50.0

45-7

7.0

lO

30.24

30.13

30.199

65.0

2 P

385

6a

51 7

520

45-7

7-5

II

30.20

30.13

30193

635

3 P

36.0

5:30 A

49.7

50.0

46.0

5-2

12

3035

30.20

30.304

6S.0

2 P

37-0

6 A

525

52.6

47-3

8.3

13

30-51

30.35

30.469

72.0

3 P

42.0

6A

57-0

56.0

50.0

II. I

14

30-53

30.40

30.478

765

3:30 p

38.5

6A

57-5

56.6

4S.0

II.O

15

30-44

30.30

30.383

790

3:30 p

39-0

6a

59-0

58.3

503

10.6

16

30-43

3033

30.387

84.5

4:30 p

41.0

6a

62.7

60.5

510

10.6

17

3037

30.22

30.299

85,0

4 P

44-5

6 a

647

63.0

52.7

lo.s

18

3022

30.04

30.135

87.0

3 P

46.0

6 a

66.5

67.2

57.0

10.3

19

30.16

30.07

30.148

800

3:30 P

52.0

12 p

66.0

64-3

55-3

9.6

20

30.17

30.00

30.101

83.0

2:30 p

430

6a

63.0

62.0

54.0

9-7

21

30.11

29.98

30.063

93-0

3 P

50-5

6a

71.7

68.9

60.0

10.5

22

30.06

29.89

29.969

965

3:30 p

52.0

6a

74.2

71-5

62.3

10.2

23

29.92

29.74

29837

92.5

3 P

550

7A

73-7

728

64 0

9-3

24

29.87

29.69

29.808

84.5

2P

58.S

12 p

71-5

68.2

61.0

6.9

25

30.00

29 85 i 29.967

67.0

2:30 p

54-0

12 p

60.5

590

540

4-7

26

30. 1 5

29.98 j 30.0S5

61.5

2 P

42.0

12 p

51-7

5'i

41.7

10.5

27

30.26

30.01 130.147

64.0

12 M

41.0

0:30 A

525

49.6

41.7

4.0

28

30-38

30.26 ! 30.342

56.0

I P

31.0

6a

43-5

42.0

36-3

4-5

29

3041

3004

30.267

64.0

3P

24-5

6a

44-3

44.0

36-5,

9-5

30

30.07

29.85

29.960

65.0

1:30 P

45-5

5A

55-3

52-9

47-3

2.4

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

fe

Total in

Q

0
p.

>

<U.tJ

to

'^ s ^

0.

bi

c
'c

bJo

Inches.

*_

Q

So,

0) aj 3

'3 tj

£(5

^1!

•;5«c/)

rt <U t.

" 0

S

H

c

-3

c

0

c
in

I

64.0

•739

81.5

s.w.

97

^•5

17

2 P

2

69.0

.987

78.5

s.w.

187

I.O

14

9P

3

67.0

.789

84.0

N.W.

89

0.0

—

io:30P

II P

•23

4

53-5

■583

72.5

N.

58

0.0

—

5

50-5

•529

70.5

S.W.

59

0.0

—

6

54-5

•507

86.5

s.s.w.

131

3^o

24

2 P

5 P

6p

T

7

55 -o

•655

6S.5

W.N.W.

249

6.5

36

2 P

8

42.0

•397

695

N.N.VV.

200

3-0

24

3 A

9

41-5

•361

72.0

N.N.E.

138

4^5

30

10 A

10

390

•384

62.0

N.N.E.

120

1.0

14

5P

II

41.5

•363

740

N.E.

67

0.0

12

42.5

•393

70.5

N.N.E.

54

0.0

—

'3

45-5

•431

70-5

E.N.E.

75

0.0

—

'4

42.5

.411

73-5

E.S.E.

50

0.0

—

15

47-5

.419

79.0

E.S.E.

36

0.0

—

i6

49.0

.415

86.0

E.S.E.

32

0.0

—

I?

49-5

•473

76.5

E.N.E.

64

0.0

—

i8

53-0

•591

70.5

N.N.E.

86

1.0

14

II A

'9

51-5

.521

74.0

N.

98

0.0

—

20

52 0

•470

855

S.W.

46

0.5

10

3 P

21

57-0

.609

78.5

W.NW.

43

0.0

—

22

59-5

.671

78.5

W.S.W.

22

0.0

—

—

23

61.5

•734

78.0

s.

62

1.0

14

6p

24

58.5

.606

82.0

W.

87

'■5

17

6 p

II p

12 p

•03

25

515

•473

80.5

N.N.E.

83

0.0

—

—

0 A

5 A

.08

26

30-5

•350

49-5

N.

266

65

36

11 A

27

35 -o

•323

65.0

N.N.W.

210

4-5

30

12 M

I p

T

28

29.5

.247

68.0

N.N.E.

109

1 1.0

47

10 A

10 A

U A

•03

29

28.S

■275

60.5

N.E.

40

0.0

—

—

7 P

12 P

.04

30

445

■367

8.5

N.

134

2.0

20

3 P

0 A

2 P

.11

**Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

*Included in following day.

REMARKS

During the month the most prominent features of the weather
were the unusually small precipitation and large amount of sun-
shine. Variations in temperature were more noticeable than usual,
many of the days showing a variation in temperature of more than
30 degrees and several exceeding 40 degrees. The monthly range
of temperature was the largest September record since this station
was established.

The mean barometer was unusually high, and the maximum and
minimum records both considerably greater than usual at this time
of year. The total wind movement was about ten per cent less than
the normal, and wind from the Northeast quadrant much more fre-
quent than usual. Gales were infrequent ; the heaviest lasted but a
few minutes and was accompanied by a small amount of hail.

The mean temperature was about one degree lower than the nor-
mal, while the maximum was nearly ten degrees higher than the
average Semtember maximum. The maximum temperature recorded
on the 22d was the highest temperature for the year at this station.
Unusually warm weather prevailed for four days beginning with the

2 1 St.

The minimum temperature was about eight degrees below the
normal and made a new minimum record for the month at this sta-
tion. Frost was reported from the low lands in this vicinity on the
9th, loth and nth, but the iirst frost at the station occurred on the
28th. On the 29th a killing frost occurred and thin ice was formed
in places.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both considerably
lower than usual.

The total precipitation was about one-eighth of the normal and
the smallest September record at Amherst since 1865. For a period
of three weeks, from the 3d to the 24th, not a measurable amount
was recorded.

The sunshine record was unusually large, the number of hours
noted being exceeded but twice in the past twenty-five years.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
R. E. McLAIN, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 3 I O.

OCTOBER, 1914

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height of Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maxmiiun reduced to freezing, 30 30, 14th, ioa.
Miuinuim reduced to freezing, 29.31, 26th, 3 p.
Reduced! maximum reading, 30.60, 14th, ic A.
Reduced!" minimum reading, 29.60, 26th, 3 P.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 3o-o95

Monthly range i-oo

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest, 84.5. 3d, 4:30 P-

Lowest, 22.0, 28th, 2:30 A.

Mean liourly, 53-5

Mean of means of max. and min 54.2

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 47-6

Monthly range, 62.5

Highest mean daily, .68.3, nth

Lowest mean daily, 35-o> 27th

Mean maximum, 66.1

Mean minimum, 42.2

Mean daily range, 23.9

Greatest daily range, 5o-5i 3^

Least daily range 4-5- I7th

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 42. 9

Mean force of vapor 393

Mean relative humidity, 75-3

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation 2.09

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell

♦Temperature in ground shelter.
1 Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement, 3612m.

Greatest daily movement, .... 306m., 27th

Least daily movement, 20m., 3d

Mean daily movement, 117 m

Mean hourly velocity, 4.9 ni

Maximum pressure per square foot, 6.5 lbs.=

36m. per hour, 27th, ioa., N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m. per

hour, 30th, 2:30 P., W.N.W.
Prevailing Direction. Southwest.

Summary.

North 19 per cent.

South 19 " "

Southwest 1 16

East 10 " "

Other directions 36 " "

Weatiier.

Mean cloudiness observed 44 per cent.

Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, .... i77hrs.= 52 per cent.

Number of clear days, 8

Number of fair days 10

Number of cloudy days 13

Brjgrlit Sunsliine.

Number of hours recorded. . . 164 hrs=48^.
Rain -9th, i6th, 17th, i8th, 19th, 24th, 27th,

20th, 30th.
Snow, 27th.
Frosts, 2d, 3d, 4th, 28th.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour: 36m, 27th,

N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

o.S

3

3

S

s

-0

£3

0 3

(4

rt g

V

s

4J

s

'0 a

ri x' c

1) rt.-

« =^ rt
a) 0 S

0'^

Q

s

S

^■S)

s

H

s

•-'

sss

s:::a

S;/i?^

CQ

I

30.27

30.07

30.225

66.5

2:30 P

41.0

12 P

537

52.5

46.7

3-5

2

30-34

30.21

30.312

77-5

3:30 i'

33-0

6 A

55-3

52.2

44.0

9-5

3

30.26

30.06

30.192

84.5

4:30 P

340

7A

59-3

557

44.0

9.8

4

30.18

30.06

30 143

82.5

3P

3«-5

6a

60 5

59.1

52.7

9-4

5

30.12

29.99

30.067

81.0

3^^

52.0

6a

665

64.5

55-7

«-3

6

30-30

30.05

30.259

61.0

12 M

44.0

12 p

525

53-8

50.7

0.0

7

30.30

30.10

30.211

59-5

4 V

42.0

1 A

507

50-5

44-3

0.2

8

30.10

2996

30 018

77.0

3:30 P

45-5

6:30 A

61.3

5«-9

5'-7

8.0

9

30.13

2993

30.099

78.0

3P

490

3:30 A

(^3-S

61.4

57.0

5-9

lO

30- 1 3

29.98

30.061

77.0

3P

590

0 A

68.0

66.0

61.7

1.6

II

29.98

29.81

29.897

80.5

3:30 P

61.0

12 P

70.7

68.3

617

3-8

12

30.14

29.93

30037

70.5

I p

50.5

5A

60 5

59.6

54-5

8.7

13

30.50

30- 1 4

30.395

60.5

3:30?

37.0

12 P

48.7

498

41.7

7-1

14

30.60

30.44

30.541

57.0

1:30 P

31.0

6 A

440

45-5

40.0

3-3

15

30.44

30.08

30242

69.5

12:30 p

44.0

6:30 A

56.7

57-3

52.0

6.1

16

30.08

29.96

30015

64.0

3:30 p

59.0

12 P

61.5

62.0

61.0

0.0

'7

29.96

29. So

29.848

6i.o

6p

56.5

12 P

58.7

58.4

57-7

0.0

18

29.91

29.84

29.885

70.0

3:30 P

540

7:30 A

62.0

57-2

53-3

4.0

19

30.09

29.89

29.973

635

I p

52.0

0:30 A

577

57-2

54 5

27

20

30.26

30.09

30.229

71.0

3 P

44.0

6a

57.5

55-1

49-3

8.8

21

30 26

30.04

30155

76.0

2:30 p

390

5A

57-5

57 4

497

6.9

22

30.38

30.04

30.255

70.5

1:30 p

44.0

12 p

57-3

59.0

46.7

9-5

23

30.54

30.22

30425

57.0

3P

32 5

6:30 A

447

44.8

38.5

9.1

24

30.22

29.98

30.077

60.0

3 P

40.0

3A

50.0

48.3

44-3

0.4

25

3013

29.81

29.997

60.0

3 P

29.5

7:30 p

44-7

45.2

370

8.8

26

29.81

29.60

29.689

61.0

1:30 p

425

7A

517

51.2

44-7

6.8

27

29.99

29.66

29.885

44.0

0 A

24.0

12 P

340

35-0

27.7

4.4

28

30.03

2989

29.990

52.0

2 F

22.0

2:30 A

370

38.6

30.0

6.6

29

3003

29.81

29.961

53-5

2 P

34.0

6a

437

45.2

39-3

1.6

30

29.87

29.74

29.813

51.0

2:30 P

40.0

12 P

4TT

- 43-8

387

04

31

30.05

29.87

30.04 1

53.5

2 P

34.0

7A

437

43-5

35.0

8.8

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

£

Total in

Q

0
p.

>

■-2

<U in

£ 3 a-

p.

bi

bi

Inches.

*

>1

So,

- 0

rt « £

IP a) 3

£2

HS.H

a! OJ fc,

Sand,

1/1 ^

SB

1)

S
H

c
'bo

m

c

-3

c
W

c

'rt

a;

0

a

I

43-5

■359

80.5

N.

142

I.O

14

10 A

2

41.0

■33i

82.5

N.N.W.

43

2.0

20

10 A

3

390

•347

71-5

N.

20

0.0

—

—

4

50.0

■463

80.0

E.

36

0.0

—

—

5

53-0

•517

78.0

S.W.

lOI

0.5

10

II A

6

47-5

•425

77-5

E.S.E.

63

0.0

—

—

7

38.0

•349

66.5

S.S.E.

83

0-5

10

II A

8

49.0

442

82.0

S.

53

0.0

—

—

9

55-5

503

905

s.

104

2-5

22

8p

7 A

T

lO

60.0

607

86.0

s.

225

3-5

26

I p

II

58.5

665

73-5

s.

221

35

26

12 M

12

5'o

497

76.0

W.N.W.

141

3-5

26

4P

13

35 -o

391

645

N.

III

0.0

—

—

'4

340

298

67.5

E.

49

0.0

—

—

'5

49.0

452

78.5

S.E.

44

0.0

—

—

i6

60.0

561

930

S.W.

30

0.0

—

—

3A

12 P

.64

17

56.S

491

95-5

N.

no

2-5

22

6 p

0 A

2 P

.81

i8

52.0

425

92.5

S.

57

0.0

—

—

8a

T

19

535

451

89.5

S.W.

53

0.0

—

—

2 A

12 M

.42

20

47-5

373

88.5

S.S.E.

32

0.0

—

—

21

46.0

455

76.5

S.W.

77

1-5

17

2 P

22

37-0

439

51.0

N.

185

4.0

28

II P

23

32.0

274

675

W.

135

2.0

20

II p

24I 41.0 1

327

79.0

E.

172

2.5

22

9P

II A

T

25

31.0

265

70.0

N.

95

0.0

—

—

26

40.0

345

73-5

W\S.W.

140

3-0

24

12 P

27

19.5

1 80

60.0

N.W.

306

65

36

10 A

5A

10 A

T

T

28

17-5 •

216

49-5

S.W.

190

3^o

24

2 P

29

330

289

665

s.

164

4-5

30

10 P

9P

12 P

•17

30

33 5

269

73-5

W.N.W.

207

5-5

33

3 P

0 A

10 A

.05

31

25-5 •

253

54.0

N.W.

223

4.0

28

12 M

**Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

*lncluded in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during the month was generally seasonable and more
than usually pleasant. A measurable amount of precipitation was
recorded on only five days, and the drought which prevailed during
the preceding month was not broken until the i6th, when a fairly
heavy rainstorm occurred. A few light rains were noted later in the
month, but the total rainfall was less than 60 per cent of the normal
for October.

The records of the several weather elements, compared with the
normals for this station, show the following features : The mean
barometer was considerably higher than the normal, and the range
comparatively small. The mean daily barometer fell below 30 inches
but once during the first half of the month— the period which was
without precipitation. The maximum and minimum pressures were
not far from the normal values for these features. The total wind
movement was about 90 per cent of the normal, and an unusually
large per cent of the total was from the southwest quadrant. The
pressure chart showed but a single gale, and that was a light one.

The mean hourly temperature was more than 3 degrees above the
normal, and, excepting last year, was the warmest October since
1900.

The maximum temperature was more than 5 degrees higher than
usual, while the minimum record was practically normal. The daily
range of more than 50 degrees, on the 3d, was exceptionally large
for this locality.

The mean dew point was slightly higher than usual and the rela-
tive humidity was practically normal.

The precipitation, already commented on, nearly all occurred dur-
ing four days near the middle of the month. Notwithstanding the
small precipitation the amount of cloudiness was nearly normal. The
mornings, however, were much more cloudy than the evenings.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist"
R. E. McLAIN, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 311.

NOVEMBER. 1914

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 fl- Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height of Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maxunuin reduced to freezing, 30 47, 29th, lOA.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.1;, 20th, i p.
Reduced! maximum reading, 30. 78, 29th, 10 A.
Keducedt minimum reading, 29.46, 20th, i p.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 30.066

Montiily range, 1.32

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Falir.

Highest, 71.;, ist, 2:30 p.

Lowest, 4.5, 24th, 6 a.

Mean hourly, 37.0

Mean of means of max. and min 37.6

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 31.5

Monthly range, 67.0

Highest mean daily 5'-6. 4th

Lowest mean daily, 21.0, 23d

Mean maximum, 47.5

Mean minimum, 27.6

Mean daily range, I9-?

Greatest daily range, 37.Si ist

Least daily range, . 8.5, 19th

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 25.7

Mean force of vapor, 215

Mean relative humidity, ........ 6g.6

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, 2.62

Number of days on which .01 inch or more
rain fell 7

Wind.

Total movement, 528oni.

Greatest daily movement, .... 378m., 17th

Least daily movement iSm., 30th

Mean daily movement, I76.m

Mean hourly velocity, J-Z^f^

Maximum pressure per square foot, 18.5 lbs.=

6im. per hour, 13th, 3 P., S.S.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 40m. per

hour, 13th, 2 P., S.S.W.
Prevailing Direction, West Southwest.

Summary.

West 23 per cent.

West Southwest 13 "

South 10 "

South Souths. est 10 "

Southwest 10 "

Northwest 10 "

Other directions 24 "

Weatlier.

Mean cloudiness observed, .... 41 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, 180 hrs.=62 per cent.

Number of clear days, 3

Number of fair days, 10

Number of cloudy days, 17

Briglit Sungliine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 113 hrs=38^.
Rain, 2d, 3d, 5th, 7th, 8th, 13th, 15th, i6th,

19th.
Snow, nth, 17th,. 19th, 20th, 23d
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : 45111, 2d,
W.N.W.; 44m, 4th, W.S.W.; 35m, 5th,
W. N. W.; 6im, 13th, S.S.W.; 37th, 14th, W.;

Total snow in inches SlUim, i5th,E.S.E.; 59m,i7th,W.; 41m, 19th, N.

•Temperature in ground shelter.
1 Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

0 _^

e

g

>.

s

g

ji

gi

s

a

"3

a

3

>- c

S's

ffit«

(«

Q

S

'c

.T3

rt a

Sen

IS

V

a

H

S

'a

s

4>

E
H

0 rt
a x' c

1) 0 E

.£03

z.Sf

03

I

30.04

29.77

29931

71-5

2:30 P

340

5A

52-7

51-3

40.3

7.2

2

29.84

29.64

29.745

59-0

12 M

42.5

12 P

50.7

488

42.3

1.6

3

29.98

29.81

29.919

58.0

2:30 P

340

7:30 A

46.0

45-3

390

7.6

4

29.85

29.56

29.765

71.0

2 P

35.0

7 A

530

51.6

40.5

6.2

5

29.79

29.69

29773

565

11:30 A

41.0

12 P

48j_

46.6

40.7

3-5

6

30-13

29.78

29.987

490

1:30 P

340

6a

41.5

41. 1

36-3

I.I

7

30.25

29.92

30.135

48.0

I P

36.0

6a

42.0

42.0

37-5

5-4

8

29.92

29.78

29.867

525

1:30 P

38.0

7:30 A

45-3

43-9

38.7

0.1

9

30.07

29.86

30.027

41.0

I P

29.0

12 P

35-0

34-3

28.0

6.2

lO

30.12

30.02

30.095

40.0

2 P

22.0

7 A

31.0

29.1

233

8.1

II

30.05

29.87

29.951

51.0

3:30?

24.0

0 A

37-5

36.0

3'-7

2-3

12

30.24

30.00

30155

48.5

2:30 P

27.0

7:30 A

37-7

37 -o

30.7

2-7

'3

30.24

29.74

30.003

61.0

t P

28.5

3A

44-7

42.8

38.0

2.2

'4

30.43

30.05

30.294

480

3:30 P

290

12 P

38.5

396

3'-7

7.0

15

3044

29.60

30.121

540

12 P

25.0

6a

39-5

36-7

365

0.0

i6

29.87

29.47

29-633

605

2 A

34-0

12 p

47-3

49-3

450

0.0

«7

30.22

29.87

30.080

37-5

12:30 P

26.5

12 p

32.0

313

26.0

3-0

i8

30.53

30.22

30.510

29.5

I P

195

6:30 a

24.5

24.9

20.0

36

"9

3047

29.74

30 159

34.0

9P

25.5

0 A

29.7

28.4

28.0

0.0

20

29.74

29.46

29.551

35 5

3:30 P

25-5

9P

30.5

30.7

27-3

0.6

21

29.86

29.59

29.776

34-5

3:30 P

22.5

II P

28.5

27.1

20.0

3-1

22

30.07

29.86

29.977

37-5

3 P

18.0

4:30 A

27.7

28.1

23-5

0.7

23

3050

30.07

30.333

29-5

12 M

14.0

12 P

21.7

21.0

18.0

5-5

24

30.59

30.24

30.461

360

2 P

4.5

6 A

20.3

21.2

16.0

7.3

25

30.24

29.92

30055

44.0

4 P

28.0

6 a

36.0

366

32-3

4.3

26

29.92
30.35

29.71
29.71

29 804
30.002

53-0
52.5

2:30 P
II A

35-5
32.0

6 a
12 p

44 -.3

44.2
45.6

37-7
38.0

6.0

27

42.3

0.0

28

30.69

30.3s

30.626

41.5

4 P

21.S

7:30 A

315

29.8

21.7

8.0

29

30.78

30.64

30.705

48.5

3P

17-5

7:30 A

33-0

30.2

24.7

8.8

30

30.67

30.41

30.533

41.5

3 P

27.5

0:30 A

.^4.5

34.5

32.3

I.O

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

^

Total in

5

0)

Q

1^
0

>

>>

(U in

Sii

Sag-

be

"S

bi

Inches.

♦

c ■*-•

2 ^

c -^"^

'c3 tj

•^ 4J-— '

•^ (/)'/>

v) iS

<v

c

c

3

StL,

<u 1) 3

S3iK

> <u

i2 >S

rt lU I-

H

So

a
W

c

0

c
tn

,

32.0

331

57-5

s.

'38

2.5

22

4P

2

38-5

301

78.0

w.

259

lO.O

45

2 P

4A

12 M

.12

3

33 -o

289

67.0

w.s.w.

'54

I.O

'4

7 P

5 P

T

4

35-5

309

74.0

s.w.

229

9-5

44

4 P

5

35 -o

301

67.5

w.

235

6.0

35

I P

I P

4 P

T

6

315

243

73-5

N.W.

169

2-5

22

10 A

7

32.5

261

71.0

W.

118

3-0

24

9 P

7 P

T

8

36.0

248

88.0

E.N.E.

'77

4.0

28

I A

6p

12 P

.22

9

20.0

179

62.5

N.N.W.

249

4-5

30

7A

lO

15.0

143

62.5

N.W.

142

'•5

'7

9A

II

29.5

205

, 75-5

S.W.

70

0-5

10

3P

5A

T

T

12

24.5

197

67.5

W.S.W.

156

30

24

12 M

13

33-0

279

725

S.S.W.

228

18.5

61

3 P

6p

7 P

.02

14

21.0

221

530

N.W.

258

7.0

37

1 A

15

33-5

240

84.0

E.

70

8.5

41

9P

I p

12 P

.88

i6

40.0

35«

75.0

W.

323

5-5

33

5 P

0 A

10 A

•63

17

17-5

.63

60 5

W.

378

175

59

I p

4 P

T

T

i8

10. 0

127

56.0

W.S.W.

'95

30

24

3A

'9

25.0

•63

83.0

N.N.E.

127

8,5

4'

12 P

8a

12 P

.67

"4.25

20

24.0

157

85-5

N.N.W.

192

5-5

33

I A

0 A

10 A

.08

'•5

21

55

129

50-5

W.S.W.

162

2.5

22

0 A

22

19.0

155

46.5

s.w.

195

4.0

28

12 M

23

12.5

I II

7'-5

N.W.

187

4-5

30

2 P

II A

12 M

T

T

24

10.5

109

730

S.

122

5.0

32

9 P

25

25-5

215

67.0

S.S.W.

203

30

24

9 A

26

31.0

273

630

S.S.W.

203

3-0

24

10 P

27

32.5

270

68.5

w.

227

4-5

30

8p

28

135

135

63.0

N.

77

0.0

—

—

29

22.0

'47

79-5

E.

22

0-5

10

I p

30

31.0

'93

92-5

S.

'5

0.0

**Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

•Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during the month was generally seasonable and pre-
sented few unusual features of interest. Nearly all the precipitation
occured near the middle of the month and the wind movement was
most marked at about the same time. A snowfall of nearly six
inches on the 19th, 20th, was the last precipitation of any importance
and traces of it remained on the ground when the month closed.
During the last week of the month some rather low temperatures
were registered.

A study of the separate records of the several weather elements
shows the following features : The mean barometer was slightly
higher than the normal and the range of pressure nearly the average
amount for November. The maximum barometer, on the 29th, was
the highest November record since 1896. The maximum pressure
was also much higher than the normal value for that feature.

The total wind movement was considerably more than usual and a
comparatively large number of gales was registered-.

The mean temperature was about two and one-half degrees below
the normal, owing largely to the low temperatures for a few days
near the end of the month. The maximum temperature was con-
siderably higher than usual while the minimum was the lowest No-
vember record since 1891, giving a range about one-third more than
usual. The mean hourly temperatures for the 23d and 24th were
extremely low for the time of year.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both several
points lower than the normal values for these elements.

The total precipitation was about five-sixths of the normal and
nearly all of it occurred during two well defined storms.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
R. E. McLAIN, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 312.

DECEMBER, 1914

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 31 ft. Above sea level, 2YJ.3 ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maxuuuni reduced to freezing, 30 36, 26th, up.
Miniiniim reduced to freezing, 28. 86, 14th, 5 A.
Keducedt maximum reading, 30.69, 26th, 11 p.
Reducedf minimum reading, 29.17, 14th, 5 A.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 3o-'77

Monthly range 1.52

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 5S.5. 3d. 2 p

Lowest -1S.5, 27th, 6 A

Mean hourly, 24.2

Mean of means of max. and min., .... 24.7

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 207

Monthly range 77-o

Higliest mean daily, 47-5. 3d

Lowest mean daily, -6.0, 27th

Mean maximum, 33-2

Mean minimum, 16.2

Mean daily range, 17.0

Greatest daily range, 3c.5. 28th

Least daily range, 3-5. 9th

Humidity.

Mean dew point, i4-5

Mean force of vapor, 140

Mean relative humidity, 73-2

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation 2.89

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 8

Total snow in inches 5.5

* Temperature in ground shelter.
\ Keduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 4705m.

Greatest daily movement, .... 42Sni., 22d

Least daily movement im., 28th

Mean daily movement, 152 in

Mean hourly velocity 6.3 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 12.0 lbs.=

49m. per hour, 21st, 8 P., W.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36m. per

hour, 30th, 5 p., N.W.
Prevaihng Direction, West Northwest.

Summary.

North Northeast 26 per cent.

West 16 " "

North 10 " "

West Southwest 10 " "

North Northwest 10 " "

Other directions 28 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, .... 54 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, I23hrs. = 43 per cent.

Number of clear days 11

Number of fair days, 10

Number of cloudy days, 10

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded. . . 160 lirs = 57*.

Rain, 7th, 8th, 13th, 14th, 19th, 20th, 29th.

Snow, 7th, loth, 13th, 14th, 19th, 20th, 22d,23d,

24th, 27th.

Days of Sleighing, 1 1.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour: 38m, 7th,
N.N E.; 45m, 14th, W.N.W.; 38111, 15th,
W.S.W.; 30m, 20th, N.W.; 49m, 21st,
W.N.W.; 42m, 22d, N.W.; 45m, -^oth,
N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Slielter.

3

3

■(3

S

3

S

3

-0

J3
ii3

3 C
0 3

><
Q

s

'55

3 P

i

H

0 rt

(U rt.S

0^

pa

I

30.41

30-24

30.299

57-0

31.0

2 A

440

40.1

370

5-9

2

30.24

3007

30-145

50.0

10 p

31 5

2 A

40.7

40.9

40.7

0.1

3

30-34

30.07

30-197

58.5

2 p

370

12 P

47J.

475

43-5

6.4

4

3049

30.34

30465

. 46.5

3-30 P

330

' 7 A

39-7

36-3

307

6.4

5

30.56

30.46

30.565

37-0

12 M

26.0

12 P

3>-5

30.3

24-3

5-2

6

3054

30-37

30489

33 5

9P

26.0

0 A

297

30.6

27-3

0.0

7

3037

29.86

30.065

32.0

12 M

29-5

5A

30.7

308

29.7

0.0

8

30.07

29.80

29921

35 5

4P

30.0

I A

32-7

328

28.S

0.0

9

30.26

30.07

30.219

30.0

3:30 P

26.5

9A

28.3

28.3

24.7

1-7

lO

30.18
30.11

29.98

29.98

30-055
30.055

37-5
39-0

3:30 P

2 P

25.0
24.0

8a

12 P

31-3

28.7
30-0

25.0
27-5

7-5

II

3t-5

7-3

12

30.24

30.11

30.216

38.0

2 P

20.0

12 P

29.0

25.8

21.3

8.3

13

30.28

2934

29.989

38.0

12 P

14.5

6:30 A

26.3

25-4

24-3

2 2

«4

29.78

2917

29.521

39-0

I A

180

12 P

28.5

30-9

25.0

1.6

'5

30.20

29.78

30.049

22.5

2 P

12.0

7:30 A

17-3

17-3

130

7.8

16

30.42

30.20

30-395

28.5

1:30 p

15.0

12 P

21.7

200

16.5

7-4

»7

30-51

30.40

30.496

28.5

3:30 p

13.0

7:30 A

20.7

. .7.8

13-3

8.3

iS

30-5'

30-41

30-47 «

30.0

3:30 p

5-5

7:30 A

17-7

16.7

16.5

8.4

'9

30.41

29.91

30.121

37-0

8 p

14.0

3A

25s

27.1

26.5

1.8

20

30.41

29.91

30.298

39-0

1:30 A

23.0

12 P

3'-o

30-5

25-5

8-5

21

3039

29.63

29.909

35 5

7:30 P

21.5

9:30 A

28.5

25.4

25-3

03

22

29.91

29.75

29.874

28.5

12 M

160

12 P

22.3

23.0

18.0

8.2

23

30.20

29.91

30.056

20.5

1:30 p

50

6a

12.7

13.2

8.3

6.8

24

30.26

29.91

30.090

20.0

10 p

-0.5

7A

97

12.1

9-7

5-3

25

30-23

29.90

30.151

15.0

1:30 p

2 0

12 P

8.5

10.3

6.7

6.5

26

30.69

30.23

30.537

13-5

3 P

-16.0

7:30 A

-1-3

-45

-12.0

8.5

27

30.67

30-30

30-438

9.0

3 P

-18.5

6a

-4-7

-60

-lO.O

7-9

28

30-45

30.29

30.383

25-5

2 p

-5.0

1:30 A

10.3

10.2

7-7

6.5

29

30.29

29.56

29.9'3

31.0

12 p

8.0

3:30 A

195

27.1

23-3

1.2

30

30.11

29.51

29787

43-0

12:30 p

22.5

12 P

327

33-8

30.5

67

31

30-37

30.11

30.328

30.0

4P

12.0

12 P

21.0

19-3

14.7

7-5

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

i^

Total in

Q

0
0.

>

><

be •

c .

V en

S 3 o-

0.

ti

c
'c

ti

Indies.

*

Q

S5'

^ 0

<u a) 3

> <u

£5

HS.S

V 3

^ 0

S

H

c
'bi

'■3
a
W

c
'3

0

c

I

355

.229

93-5

s.

21

0-5

10

I2M

2

3«-5

273

90.0

w.s.w.

24

0.0

—

—

3

41.0

307

86.0

N.N.W.

99

2-5

22

2 P

4

24.0

.201

655

N.

262

3-5

26

8a

5

16.0

•151

630

N.N.E.

206

1-5

17

9A

6

21 5

167

71.0

N.N.E.

293

30

24

I p

7

27-5

171

90.0

N.N.E.

3^2

7.0

38

9 P

11 A

12 P

•43

1.0

8

20.0

185

61 0

N.N.E.

232

4-5

30

1 A

0 A

10 A

.14

9

19.0

149

7'-5

N.N.E.

168

0.5

10

4 P

lO

21-5

143

85.0

N.

144

1-5

17

8a

7A

10 P

T

T

II

235

159

835

N.W.

55

15

17

4 P

12

17.0

177

77-5

N.

56

0.0

—

—

13

22.5

144

90 0

N.N.E.

32

2.0

20

7P

4P

12 P

•55

•25

14

17.0

161

62.0

W.

350

10. 0

45

5:30?

0 A

i2:30P

•55

T

IS

40

090

62 0

W.S.W.

346

7.0

38

12 M

i6

6.5

106

60.0

w.s.w.

181

35

26

4 P

I?

5-0

089

62.5

N.N.E.

59

I.O

10

I P

i8

4.0

0S6

6S.0

w.

27

0.0

—

—

'9

24.0

•63

83-5

s.s.w.

122

2.0

20

12 P

4P

9P

.16

T

20

22.0

147

82.5

N.W.

270

75

39

4P

3A

4 P

•72

3^5

21

18.0

'5f^

67.0

N.N.W.

76

12.0

49

8p

22

9.0

"3

590

W.N.W.

435

90

42

2 A

II P

T

T

23

0.5

073

635

W.

'85

2.0

20

I P

2 P

6 P

T

T

24

50

078

79.0

S.W.

79

05

lO

4 P

2:30?

II P

.04

•75

25

2.0

064

77-5

E.

114

3-5

26

10 A

26

-24.0

027

52-5

N.E.

33

0.0

—

—

27

-27.0

032

52.0

W.

10

0.0

—

—

9A

I P

T

T

28

0.0

075

67-5

s.s.w.

I

0.0

—

—

29

21.5 .

132

92.0

N.W.

47

0-5

10

12 P

10 A

10 P

•30

.30

25.0

187

76.0

W.

288

lO.O

45

5 P

31

9.0

093

74.0

N.N.E.

118

'•5

17

5A

**Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

*Included in following day.

Annual Summary for 1914.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing,

Minimum reduced to freezing,

Maximum reduced to freezing and sea-level,
Minimum reduced to freezing and sea-level, .
Mean reduced to freezing and sea-level, . . .
Annual range,

30.47, Nov. 29th, 10 A.

. . 28.17. Mar. ist, 8 p.

30.78, Nov. 2gth, 10 A.

. 28.47, Mar. 1st, 8 p.

30.048

2.31

*Air Temperature. In degrees Fahr.

Highest, 96.5, Sept. 22d,3:30P.

Lowest, — 1S.5, Dec. 27th, 6 A.

Mean hourly, 45-8

Mean of means of max. and min., 46.3

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 41.4

Annual range, 115. 0

Highest mean daily, 79-7. Aug. 10

Lowest mean daily, — 7-3i J^n- '3

Mean maximum 56.9

Mean minimum, 3^-7

Mean daily range, 21.2

Greatest daily range, 5o-5. Oct. 3

Least daily range, 3.0, Mar. 16

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 36.6

Mean force of vapor, 368

Mean relative humidity, 75.8

Wind.

Prevailing direction West Northwest

Summary.

North Northeast 11 per cent.

North, u "

North Northwest, 10 " "

Other directions, 68 " "

Total movement 55.455 m

Greatest daily movement 488 m., Jan. 13

Least daily movement, i m., Dec. 28

Mean daily movement, 152 m

Mean hourly velocity, 6.3 m

♦Temperature in ground shelter.

Maximum pressure per square foot, 30.0 lbs. =77

m. per hour. Mar. i, 6?., E.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 45 m. per

hour, Mar. i, 6 P., E.; Apr. 12, 5 P., W.

Precipitation. In inches.
Total precipitation, rain or melted snow, . 41.83
Number of days on which .01 or more rain

or melted snow fell, 118

Snow total in inches, 56.75

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, 50 per cent.

Total cloudiness recorded by Sun Thermom-
eter, 2077 hrs.^47 per cent.

Number of clear days, 100

Number of fair days, 139

Number of cloudy days 126

Bright Sunshine-
Number of hours recorded, 2377 hrs.=53 per cent.

Dates of Frosts.

Last May i6th

First Sept. 2Sth

Dates of Snow.

Last April i6th

First Oct. 27th

Total days of sleighing, 43

Gales of 50 or More Miles Per Hour.

Jan. 12th, 63m., W.N.W.; Feb. 14th. 50ni.,
N.N.VV.; Mar. ist, 77m., E.; 19th, 52m.,
W.N.W.; Apr. nth, 51m, S.; 12th, 73m,
W.; May 23d, 54m, N.W.; 27th, 62m, W.;
June 15th, 53m, S.; Aug. 21st, s8m, N.N.W.
Nov. 13th, 6im, S.S.W.; 17th, 59m, W.

R. E. McL.\IN,

O/'senrr.

J. E. OSTRANDER,

Meteorologist.

BULLETIN No. 3 13.

JANUARY, 1915

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maxiniuni reduced to freezing, 30 24. 24th, loA.
Miiiiinmn leduced to freezing. 29.00, 19th, 6 a.
Reducedt nia.Kiniuni reading, 30.56, 24th, 10 A.
Reduced f niinimuni reading, 29.30, 19th, 6 A.

Mean semi-daily reduced 3o-'23

Montiily range, 1-26

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Higliest 540. 7th, 1:30 P.

Lowest, -4.0, 5tli, S A

Mean liourly, 26.2

Mean of means of max. and min 27.1

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 24.5

Monthly range SS.c

Highest mean daily, 45-4- 7th

Lowest mean daily, 7-8. 3oth

Mean maximum 35-2

Mean minimum 19.0

Mean daily range, 16.2

Greatest daily range, 4i-0i 5th

f.east daily range, 7-0- 24th

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 19

Mean force of vapor, 147

Mean relative humidity, So.S

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, 6

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell

Total snow in inches ii-S

*Temperature in ground shelter.
i Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement, 39S6m.

Greatest daily movement, .... 49oni., 13th

Least daily movement, xm., 4th

Mean daily movement 129 m

Mean hourly velocity, 5-3 "^

Maximum pressure per square foot, 12.5 lbs.=

5oni. per hour, 13th, 7 A., N.
Maximum velocity for s minutes, 30m. per

hour. 7th, 6a., S.S-W.; 13th, 6A., N.; 19th,

6a., S.S.W.
Prevailing Direction, West Northwest.

Summary.

West 19 per cent.

North 16 " "

North Northwest 16 " "

Northwest 13 " "

South ID "

Other directions 26 "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, . . .> 51 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, . . . i5ohrs.= 5i percent.

Number of clear days 11

Number of fair days, 9

Number of cloudy days, 11

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 144 hrs = 49*.

Rain, 6th, 7th, 12th, 13th, 17th, iSth,i9th, 23d,

2-;th, 31st.

Snow, 2d. 12th, 13th, 17th, 20th, 23d, 24th, 25th,

27th, 28th, 31st.

Hail, 17th.

Days of Sleighing:, 13.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : 49m, 7th,
S.S W ; 43m, i2th, N.; 50m, 13th, N.; 43m,
19th, S.S.W.; 36m, 24th, W. N. W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Grou

nd Shelter.

o.S

3

3

2
3

2

3

J3

3 C
0 3

S

.T3

2

0 nj

>^ k<

J3CQ

. ■*-»

■53

'c

2

S

2

rt d C

(D 0 u

l="«i
^S-^

Q

30.46

s

Sc«

s

'^

i

H

sss

SKCl

SLn>

m

I

30.13

30.371

30.5

3:30 P

0.0

8a

15-3

12.6

7.5

8.2

2

30-13

29.89

30.009

28.0

3P

145

0 A

21.3

21.7

20.3

0.0

3

30-39

29.94

30.289

28.5

2:30 P

7.0

12 P

17-7

193

iS-3

8.0

4

30-44

30.35

30.425

28.5

3:30 P

-2.5

4:30 A

130

8.5

3-7

7-3

s

30-49

30-30

30.410

37-0

3:30 P

-4.0

8 A

16.5

>5 5

12.5

8.0

6

30-30

29.85

30 139

41.0

4 P

28.0

2 A

34-5

340

325

5.6

7

29.86
30.16

29.49
29.86

29.646
30.029

54.0
37.5

1:30 P
12 M

340
29.5

0:30 A
12 P

44.0

45-4
328

42.0
28.5

8.1

8

33 5

0.8

9

30.27

30 17

30233

350

3 P

22.0

12 P

28.5

28.0

24.0

8.7

lO

30.40

30-15

30.382

350

3 P

16.5

7:30 A

25.7

237

18.7

8.7

II

30.40

30.12

30.283

32.0

3:30 P

ir.5

7:30 A

21.7

21.2

195

5-5

12

30.12

29.48

29785

37-0

8 p

260

0 A

31-5

32-4

33-5

0.0

'3

30.01

2939

29732

42.0

2:30 p

28.0

12 P

35-0

35-7

313

4.9

14

30-17
30-17

30.01
29.97

30.079
30045

38.0

4r.5

3 P
3:30 P

19.5
32.0

7 A

8 A

28.7

28.7
34-1

25.5
323

8.6

15

3f^-7

3-7

16

3037

30.17

30.350

44.0

3P

23-5

7:30 A

33-7

32 0

265

7-7

t?

30.35

29.94

30-143

3S.0

9 P

280

4:30 A

330

340

330

0.0

18

29-94

2943

29703

45.0

II p

340

3A

39-5

36.2

36.0

0 0

'9

2944

29.30

29.414

54-0

8 A

34-0

12 P

44.0

450

433

0.1

20

2983

2954

29.741

37 5

3 P

29.5

6 A

335

31.0

27-5

39

21

30.21

2984

30.055

33-5

1:30 p

21.0

12 P

27-3

26 0

21.5

7.6

22

30.48

30 2r

30.446

24-5

Q ^''

16.5

8a

20.5

18.6

14-7

8.3

23

30-44

29.98

30.135

41.5

8:30 p

17.0

I A

293

253

28.7

06

24

30.56

30.22

30.496

30.0

0 A

23.0

7:30 A

26.5

25-3

23-5

.6.0

25

30.40

29-77

29.916

31.0

II P

230

6 A

27.0

26.7

26.3

0.0

26

30.34

30.0 1

30.289

370

4:30 P

20.5

11:30 P

28.7

27.7

21.0

8.5

27

30.35

30.16

30.219

305

4 P

21.0

0 A

,257

26.5

25-7

0.3

28

30.16

29.89

29.993

36.0

3:30 P

27.0

12 P

3' 5

304

29-3

2.5

29

30.28

29.96

30.191

27.0

0 A

90

12 P

18.0

14-3

9.0

4.5

30

30.52

30.28

30.499

20.5

3P

-'•5

7:30 A

95

7.8

1-5

7.8

31

30-55

30.01

30.368

17.0

12 p

2-5

6:30 A

9-7

10.7

10.3

0.0

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

1^

Total in

Q

0
ft

>

M

§ (P rt

S 3 CT

ft

c

bi

Inches.

*

c 1;

St,

rt3 s

(1) 0) 3

"c3 1!

> ID

3>s

~ 0

S

H

c
'S)

c
W

i

0
c
1/3

I

4.0

06 Q

83.0

N.N.E.

5

0.0

_

2

17-5

.116

86.0

s.

38

30

24

n P

10 A

4 P

.12

1.25

3

lO.O

096

74-5

N.W.

203

5.0

32

II A

4

■15

056

89.5

N.N.W.

I

0.0

—

5

95

072

845

W.

87

4.0

28

4P

6

30-5

191

91.0

s.

142

30

24

I A

II P

12 P

.02

7

385

294

82.0

s.s.w.

249

12.0

49

7 A

0 A

6:3oA

•95

8

21.0

181

63.0

w.

270

4-5

30

6p

9

,8.5

•43

74.0

N.W.

131

'•5

17

I A

lO

'35

112

74-5

N.

89

I.O

14

II A

1 1

16.0

117

835

W.

36

I.O

14

3 P

12

330

196

95-5

N.N.W.

145

9.0

43

II P

5A

12 P

I-3I

T

13

24.5

'99

69.0

N.

490

12.5

50

7 A

0 A

8 a

.28

T

'4

230

149

88.0

W.

95

I.O

14

8 p

'5

31.0

.87

92.5

S.E.

46

0.0

—

—

i6

23-5

'54

83.5

N.N.W.

IZ

I.O

14

12 M

'7

.105

199

87.5

S.E.

92

2.5

22

9 A

ID A

12 P

.62

T

>8| 35-0

212

97-5

S.

12

0.0

—

0 A

12 p

1.46

19 40-5

3'7

83-5

w.s.w.

243

9.0

43

6a

0 A

8a

.04

20 22.5

'63

79-5

W.N.W.

129

25

22

5 A

10 A

12 M

T

T

21

18.0

'25

81.0

W.N.W.

106

4.0

28

5 P

22

6.0

097

65.0

N.W.

194

35

26

10 A

23

28.0

175

98.0

s.w.

101

5-5

33

9P

0 A

9 P

.84

4 5

24 21.0

133

84.5

N.W.

194

6-5

36

2 A

XI P

12 p

T

T

25 24.5

146

945

N.N.W.

178

2-5

22

II P

0 A

II A

•35

2.0

26

II.O

130

60.0

N.N.W.

123

2.0

20

2 A

27

230

146

860

N.

97

I.O

14

5 P

12 M

I P

T

T

28

27.0

167

92.0

N.

58

25

22

9P

8a

ID P

.11

1.25

29

-4.5

076

50.0

W.

233

5-5

33

3A

30

-130

055

44-5

N.

lOI

I.O

14

2 p

3'

8.5 .

075

88.0

W.

25

0.0

~

II A

12 P

.42

2-5

**Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

*Included in following day.

REMARKS

The most noticeable feature of the weather for January was the
unusually large precipitation, the greater part of which occurred as
rain. The total snowfall was nearly one foot and nearly all of it
occurred during the latter part of the month. The total precipitation
was the largest January record since 1898.

The first five days and the last five days of the month were periods
of low temperature, while the intervening period was generally
warmer than the average for the month. The mean temperature for
the month was two degrees higher than that of the preceding month,
although the normal for January is more than three degrees lower
than for December.

The records of the several weather elements show the following
features of interest : The mean barometer was considerably higher
than the normal while the range was comparatively small. The
maximum pressure was below 30 inches on only four days, al-
though the maximum for the month was much lower than the normal.
The range of pressure was about eight-tenths of the usual amount
and changes in pressure were generally slow. The total wind move-
ment was about one thousand miles less than the normal and very
few days had a large wind movement.

The mean temperature was one and one-half degrees higher than
the normal, and the maximum and minimum were both about three
degrees above their normals. The minimum temperature fell below
zero on three days, but the total period for the month showing a
temperature below zero was only nine hours.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both com-
paratively high.

The total precipitation was about three inches more than the
normal and was well distributed throughout the month. Several of
the heavy storms were both snow and rain.

The amount of sunshine recorded was above the average.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
R. E. McLAIN, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 314.

FEBRUARY, 1915

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42' 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea levels 273'5 f^-
Height of Wind Instruments J 2 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 30 26. 19th, Sa.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 2S.96, 25th, 2 p.
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.5S, 19th, S A.
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.27, 25th, 2 p.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 30.120

Monthly range 1.31

•Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Higliest, 51.0, 24th, II p.

Lowest, 2.0, 5th, 7:30 A.

Mean hourly, 28.0

Mean of means of max. and min 28.9

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 25 3

Monthly range 49 o

Highest mean daily 42.'?, 25th

Lowest mean daily, 10. o, 2d

Mean maximum, 37-4

Mean minimum, 20.3

Mean daily range i7-i

Greatest daily range 34o. nth

Least daily range, 7-<i. 2d, 16th

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 21.2

Mean force of vapor, 159

Mean relative humidity, ........ 78.9

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, 7.02

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 12

Total snow in inches 6.5

•Temperature in ground shelter.
1 Keduoed to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement, 434ini.

Greatest daily movement, .... 442ni., 26th

Least daily movement 5m., 22d

Mean daily movement, 155 m

Mean hourly velocity, 6.5 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 9.0 lbs.=

42m. per hour, iSth, 3 p., N.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 27m. per

hour, 27th, 3P., W.N.W.
Prevailing Direction. Northwest.

Summary.

North 18 percent.

South Southwest 14

North Northwest 14

Northwest u

West II

Other directions 32

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, . . . .51 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, 181 hrs.=6i per cent.

Number of clear days, 9

Number of fair days, 4

Number of cloudy days, 15

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 115 hrs=39<.

Bain, ist, ;th, 6th, 7th, 15th, i6th, 23d, 24th,

25th.

Snow, ist, 2d, 3d, 5th, 7th, Sth.

Hail, ist, 2d-

Days of SleiffliinR, 19.

Gales, 3; or more miles per hour : 35m, nth,

8.S.E.; 42m, iSth, N.;39m, 26th, W.: 41m,

27th, VV. N. W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Red

need to 1

0 c

S

ea Level.

Temperature, (jround btielter.

iM (A

3

e

a

S
3

T3

3 C
0 3

S

nl

.X)

c -

6

V

£

<u

0 nl

a x' a

0) nJ.3

M

<u 0 S

l|

Q

s

S

Sc^

s

H

s

H

sss

ssa

m

I

30.29

29.88

30.065

32-5

2:30 P

15.0

12 P

23-7

23.1

21.7

0.0

2

30-33

29.96

30.141

15.0

0 A

8.0

II A

1 1.5

1 0.0

9-3

0.0

3

30-15

29.90

30.006

20.0

2 P

II.O

0 A

iS-5

15-7

15-3

0.0

4

30-33

30-33

30.15
3003

30.289
30.225

34-5
305

4 P

12 P

12.0
2.0

12 P

233

20.2
18.2

15-7
I7-0

8.4

s

7:30 A-

10.3

0.7

6

30-03

29.76

29.791

46.5

3:30 H

305

0 A

38.S

38-3

387

0-3

7

29.88

29.71

29 782

42.5

3:30 f

29.0

7:30 A

35-7

34-5

31.0

2.2

8

29.96

2971

29 843

36.0

1:30 P

23-5

[ I : 30 P

297

30 0

26.3

3.0

9

3030

29.96

30.150

30.0

2 P

155

12 P

22.7

22.6

18.0

6.3

lO

3054

30.30

30.489

28.0

5 P

6.5

7:30 A

17-3

14.5

123

8.5

11

30-54

30.18

30398

385

2:30 p

4.0

7:30 A

21-3

23.2

19.0

4.4

12

30.28

29.98

30.125

44-5

4:30 p

30.0

12 P

37-3

37-8

320

0.3

13

30-45

30.28

30423

41.0

2:30 p

20 0

7:30 A

305

276

243

8.9

14

2943

30.3'

30377

37-5

9P

20.0

3A

28.7

29.0

293

0.0

IS

3031

30.10

30.159

42.5

6:30 P

330

4:30 A

37.7

35-7

360

0 0

16

30.20

30.11

30.t8i

385

3 P

3'-S

12 P

350

35'S

3'-5

0.0

t?

30-37

30.09

30.293

350

4P

22.0

12 P

28.5

29.8

26.5

8.7

18

30-49

30.37

30-453

32.0

3P

16.5

6:30 A

24.3

237

20.5

9-1

«9

30.58

3044

30.523

42.0

3:30 P

19.0

6:30 A

305

28.2

23.0

9-3

20

30-44

30.34

30398

49.0

4:30 P

24.5

6a

36.7

34.6

29.0

9-2

21

3043

30.33

30378

46.0

3-.30 P

22 0

7:30 A

340

32.6

275

9 I

22

30-37

30.22

30303

47.0

4:30 P

20.0

7:30 A

33-5

31.2

28.5

7.8

23

30.22

30- 1 3

30.182

45.0

9P

35-0

7 A

40.0

38.7

36.7

1-5

24

30.13

29.66

29861

51.0

I£ P

35-0

4A

43-0

408

41.5

0 0

25

29.66
29.72

2927
29.38

29.369
29614

500
370

3:30 A
0 A

370
15s

12 P
12 P

43-5

42.3
24.7

41.0
21.7

0.0

26

26.3

0 0

27

29.83

29.72

29.756

26.0

3P

14-0

5:30 A

20.0

19 0

.6.5

8.5

28

29.82

29.75

29.785

29.5

3:30 p

17-5

3A

235

22.3

20.0

8.9

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

h

Total in

<u

Q

0
0.

>

>-5

be-

■Mo

^ 0)

H 3 0"

1-1

0.

bit

c

bi

Inches.

*

>1

Q

3 0

S3 =

<P D S

c5 0

£5

3>s
0 0'^

HS.S

" t. OJ

— 0

'bo

0)

a
W

0

a

I

18.5

125

835

N.N.W.

III

4-5

30

7 P

0 A

12 P

.86

0-5

2

7.0

070

87.5

N.N.E.

306

30

24

6a

0 A

12 P

•34

3-0

3

13.0

092

87.0

N.

171

30

24

II p

0 A

12 P

1.05

2.25

4

135

095

87.0

N.N.W.

127

I.O

14

2 A

s

17.0

no

lOO.O

s.s.w.

41

2.0

20

2 P

4 P

12 P

.19

T

6

36.0

253

74-5

s.

64

1.0

14

8 P

0 A

I P

•3'

7

28.5

i«3

8S.0

s.s.w.

34

0.0

—

—

7 P

12 P

•15

05

8

22.5

152

83.0

N.W.

"3

1.0

14

II A

0 A

8 A

•05

0.25

9

14.0

107

77-5

N.W.

146

45

30

3 P

ro

9.0

083

81.5

N.

120

3-5

26

4A

II

13-5

131

73-0

S.S.E.

166

6.0

35

9P

12

28.0

207

75.0

W.

219

4.0

28

7 P

13

20.5

142

79-5

N.

130

0-5

10

8 P

14

26.5

175

84.5

W.

20

0.5

10

3 P

•5

35-0

213

97-5

s.

24

0.0

—

—

I A

12 P

■91

16

25.0

206

65.5

N.W.

147

2.0

20

2 P

0 A

5 A

.07

'7

22.0

•59

75 -o

N.N.W.

209

4.0

28

I p

iS

14.0

125

68.5

N.

290

9.0

42

3 P

'9

14.0

149

595

N.N.W.

230

2.0

20

5 A

20

19.5

191

63-5

N.

211

30

24

9 A

21

21.5

169

69.0

N.N.E.

42

00

—

22

245

179

77-5

N.E.

5

0.0

—

—

23

330

239

81.5

S.s.w.

36

0.0

—

—

10 P

12 P

.02

24

39-5

289

87.0

s.s.w.

34

20

22

7 P

0 A

12 P

.88

25

39 5

273

89.0

w.s.w

143

4-5

30

12 P

0 A

10 P

2.19

26

16.0

121

78.0

w.

442

7-5

39

6 A

27

8.5

'05

67.0

W.N.W.

424

8.5

41

3P

28

135

120

70.5

W.N.W.

336

50

32

3 P

'Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

♦Included in following day.

REMARKS

The most noticeable features of the weather for the month were
the large precipitation and absence of extreme cold. No zero weather
occurred, and only three dates showed a minimum temperature lower
than ten degrees above zero. The large precipitation record was
accompanied by a correspondingly small sunshine record.

The records of the several weather elements show the following
as the more important features. The mean barometer was consid-
erably higher than the normal and the range considerably less than
usual at this time of year. Owing to the comparatively steady bar-
ometer the total wind movement was rather small, and the few gales
recorded were only of moderate intensity. The maximum pressure
was nearly normal.

The mean temperature was about four degrees higher than the
February normal, making the record the highest since 1909. The
maximum temperature was nearly normal, while the minimum was
more than ten degrees higher than usual, giving a comparatively
small range. The first half the month was considerably colder than
the last half.

The mean dewpoint was about four degrees higher than the nor-
mal and the relative humidity a little above the average.

The total precipitation was more than twice the normal and the
largest February record since 1900. Several heavy storms occurred,
but the one of the 24th — 25th was much the largest — more than
three inches of rain being registered. The snowfall was not large,
and practically all of it occurred during the first week of the month.

The total wind movement was about ten per cent less than usual.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
R. E. McLAIN, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 3 15,

MARCH. 1915

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" VV.

Height of barometer above ground, 31 ft. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments "J 2 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 30 02, 5th, 8 A.
Minimum reduced to freezing. 29.21, 21st, 2 p.
Reducedf maximum reading, 30.37, 5th, 8 A.
Keducedt minimum reading, 29.52, 21st, 2 p.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 29.832

Monthly range, 0-85

•Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 57-5. 25th, 4 P-

Lowest 13-0. 3d, 12 P.

Mean hourly, 32-o

Mean of means of max. and min 32.8

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 273

Monthly range 44 5

Highest mean daily 4'?-8, 25th

Lowest mean daily, i9-5i3d

Mean maximum, 43-o

Mean minimum, 22.6

Mean daily range 20.3

Greatest daily range, 3i-o. 4th

Least daily range, 12.0, 7th

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 20.0

Mean force of vapor, i75

Mean relative humidity, 65.4

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation 0.12

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 3

Total snow in inches 0.5

♦Temperature in ground shelter.
1 Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement, 6S64m.

Greatest daily movement, .... 5S5ni., 3d

Least daily movement, 63m., 23d

Mean daily movement, 221m.

Mean hourly velocity 9.2 m.

Maximum pressure per square foot, 16.0 lbs.=

57m. per hour, 26th, 12M., W.
Ma.ximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36m. per

hour, 26th, I2M., W.
Prevailing Direction, Northwest.

Summary.

Northwest 32 per cent.

North Northwest 23 " "

West Northwest 19 "

West 19 " "

Other directions 7 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed 27 per cent.

Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, 8[ hrs. = 22 per cent.

Number of clear days, 17

Number of fair days, 13

Number of cloudy days i

Briglit Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded, . .290 hrs=7S^.

Rain, 21st, 22d, 25th.

Snow, 2d, 22d, 23d, 26th, 29th, 30th.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : 35m., ist,
W.N W.; 40m., 2d, W.N.W.; 40m , 3d,
W.N.W.; 37m., 4th, N.N.W.; 36m., loth,
W.N.W.; 35m., jith, N.W.; 39m., T4th,
N.N.W.; 39m., 15th, W.N.W.; 57m , 26th,
W.; 44m. ,27th, N.W.; 36m., 29th, W.N. W.;
41m., 30th, W.N. W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

^ IK

S

ea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

0 ,^

c

£

>,

£

^•

-D

3 c

0 3

Q

3

3

s

■3

3
H
'><

g
H

4:30 P

3
£

a;

s

rt x' c

ii'3

I

29.81

29.71

29757

330

17.0

2 A

25.0

24.5

20.5

9.6

2

29.77

29.67

29723

3«-5

3 P

24.0

3:30 A

313

309

297

4.6

3

3013

29.75

29.965

26.0

0 A

13-0

12 P

195

19-5

16.3

9.4

4

30.32
3037

30. i 3

30 18

30.295
30287

44.0
44.0

3:30 y

4P

13.0
20.5

0 A

7 A

28.S

27-5
315

23-3
27.0

10.6

5

1 323

97

6

30.18

29.84

30.012

42.5

3P

265

6a

345

338

30.7

7.0

7

29.84

29.66

29739

44.0

2:30 p

32.0

6a

38.0

36..

297

6.9

8

29.85

2969

29.789

42.0

4P

25.0

12 p

33-5

327

26.5

9 '

9

29.87

29.76

29.849

43-0

3:30?

20 0

7 A

315

30.6

25.0

10 6

lO

29.84

29 61

29.708

43-0

3P

25.0

6:30 A

.34 -o

327

277

9-3

II

29.79
30 08

29.67
2979

29.721
29.972

430
390

3P
4 P

27.5
22.5

6 A
7A

35-3

343

29.7
22.3

10 2

12

307

293

1 1.2

•3

30.10

2990

30.010

48.0

4 P

18.5

7 A

33-3

327

277

11.4

14

29.95

29.82

29.898

44-S

3:30 P

22.5

7 A

33-5

329

27.0

11.4

<5

29.88

29.62

29.717

42.5

3:30 P

20.5

3:30 A

3' 5

30.8

26.3

11-5

r6

29.70

29.59

29657

45.0

3P

20.0

7 A

325

32.0

257

11.5

«7

29.71

29.5S

29677

40.0

2 P

22.0

7 A

31.0

29-3

26 3

74

i8

29.84

2971

29.803

38.0

4 P

21.0

6a

29.5

28.1

235

10 4

'9

29.83

2970

29.779

47.0

3:30 P

•95

6:30 A

33-3

32.5

28.0

1 1.8

20

29.72

29.59

29.671

46.5

3P

225

6:30 A

34 5

34-2

27-5

1 1.8

21

29.62

29.52

29.561

42.5

3:30 P

27.S

3A

35 -o

35-1

325

3-6

22

29.65

29.58

29.645

46.0

12:30 p

28.5

7A

37 3

37-5

345

5-8

23

29.72

29.60

29.668

5'5

5 P

32.0

7:30 A

41.7

38.3

33-3

8.0

24

29.82

29.69

29.779

54-5

2:30 p

28.0

6:30 A

41-3

41.0

33-3

11.6

25

29.88

29.75

29.845

57-5

4 P

31.0

5 A

44-3

438

383

9.6

26

30.07

29.75

29933

43-0

0 A

19.0

12 P

31.0

31 '

24.5

77

27

30.07

29-95

30039

36.0

4P

16.5

5A

26.3

25.4

24.0

1 1.8

28

3000

29.79

29.897

47 5

6 p

21.5

5A

34-5

337

31.0

97

29

29.86

29.71

29.779

36.5

3 P

235

12 P

30.0

29.6

253

63

30

29.87

29.94

29 809

32-5

3P

18.0

6a

25-3

25.6

215

8.8

31

29.85

29.71

29.798

50.5

4 P

23.0

4A

367

356

28.7

12.0

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

h

Tot

al in

Q

0

p.

rt

>■

a

c .
V in

I ,

bi

c

'c

bi]

Inc

lies.

Q

So,

<y <u 3

> <u

0 0^

rt " I-
" k. iJ

4) 3

n: 0

sx

V

S
H

c
'bi)

'■3

c
W

c

0

c
if)

I

90

•133

505

W.N.W.

222

6.0

35

I P

2

255

.181

77-5

W.

254

8.0

40

10 P

10 A

7 P

T

T

3

II.O

.101

730

W.N.W.

555

8.0

40

I A

4

145

.147

60.0

N.N.W.

285

7.0

37

10 A

5

2'-5

.166

70.5

N.W.

108

I.O

14

12 M

6

26.0

.188

78.5

N.

79

I.O

14

2 P

7

20.5

.197

58.0

N.N.W.

112

1.0

14

2 P

8

16.5

.169

62.0

N.N.W.

263

5-5

33

12 P

9

14.0

.161

54.5

N.N.W.

295

5-0

32

6p

(0

18.0

.181

56.0

N.W.

257

6.5

36

3P

( I

2SS

.187

73-5

N.W.

280

6.0

35

12 M

12

10.5

.145

5'-5

N.W.

271

5.0

32

9A

13

18.0

.181

56.0

N.W.

160

3^o

24

3P

14

16.0

.179

52.5

N.N.W.

199

7-5

39

12 M

15

155

•173

550

N.W.

229

7-5

39

I P

16

14.0

.170

49.0

N.W-

144

4.0

28

3P

'7

22.5

•155

78.0

N.N.W.

209

3-0

24

9A

18

17.0

•'43

680

N.W.

251

3-5

26

10 A

•9

21.5

•175

68.5

W.N.W.

no

3-0

24

I P

20

17.0

.183

54.0

W.

157

3-0

24

10 A

21

26.5

.21 1

69.0

W.

201

4^5

30

II A

4 P

T

22

32.5

.210

86.5

W.N.W.

65

00

—

5 P

12 P

.05

0.25

23

28.5

.216

745

W.

63

2.0

20

4 P

0 A

9A

•03

T

24

24.0

•233

56 0

W.

"5

20

20

3 P

25

31.0

.277

64.0

w. s.w.

163

50

32

7 P

8 P

T

26

16.5

•157

61.5

w.

489

16.0

57

12 M

10 A

T

T

27

20.5

.145

81.0

N.W.

489

9^5

44

I P

28

280

.187

83.0

W.N.W.

131

30

24

12 P

29

20.0

.150

730

N.N.W.

212

6.5

36

12 M

8a

T

T

30

.6.5

.129

74 5

W.N.W.

271

8.5

41

2 P

I A

6 a

.04

i

31

20.5

.190

59.0

N.W.

225

30

24

6a

'Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

*Included in followingrday.

REMARKS

The weather during March was abnormal in many respects, but
the most noticeable feature of all was the small precipitation record.
During the first three weeks of the month only a trace was recorded.
The last third of the month had two light snowfalls totaling about
one-half inch of snow and melting to about one-eighth of an inch of
water — a negligible amount. On examining the precipitation records
for this locality, dating from 1836, it is found that it is the smallest
monthly record. The next smallest was the record of .27 inches,
made in August, 1876.

As might be expected from the general absence of precipitation
the amount of sunshine was exceptionally large, the number of hours
being greater than for any preceding March since this station was
established. More than one- half the days were clear and only a
single cloudy day was observed.

Another unusual feature was the persistency of the wind from the
northwest quadrant. On but a single date was the prevailing direc-
tion outside that quadrant.

Although the sunshine was large, as noted above, the mean tem-
perature for the month was more than two degrees below the normal.
The maximum temperature was about five degrees lower than usual
and the minimum more than six degrees higher than its normal,
giving a comparatively small range for the month.

The mean relative humidity was about nine per cent lower than
the normal and the mean dew point about six degrees below the
March average.

The mean barometer was exceptionally low and the range the
smallest for March since this station was established. The com-
paratively steady pressure is of especial interest when we take into
account the fact that the total wind movement was more than twenty
per cent above the normal.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
R. E. McLAIN, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 316.

APRIL. 1915

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGKICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, ^i ft. Above sea level, 2YJ.^ ft.
Height of Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.21, 22d, 8 A.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.24, 29th, 5 p.
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.51. 22d, 8 a
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.52, 29tli, 5 p.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 3o-034

Monthly range 0.99

•Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 88.0, 25th, 3P.;

27th, 4:30 P.

Lowest 21.5, 5tl:, 6a.

Mean hourly, 49-9

Mean of means of max. and min 51.1

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 43 4

Monthly range, 66.5

Highest mean daily 70-9. 27th

Lowest mean daily, 30.1,3d

Mean maximum, 63-o

Mean minimum, 39-2

Mean daily range 23.8

Greatest daily range 42.5, 25th

Least daily range 8.0, 3d

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 37-5

Mean force of vapor, 362

Mean relative humidity, 67.8

Preciiiitation. In inches.

Total precipitation 3-99

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 7

Total snow in inches 9-5

♦Temperature in ground shelter.
1 Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement, 5i95ni.

Greatest daily movement, .... 461m., 4th

Least daily movement, S3in.. 6th

Mean daily movement I73ni.

Mean hourly velocity, 7.2 m.

Maximum pressure per square foot, 12.5 lbs.=

50m. per hour, "^d, loP., N.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 33m. per

hour, i2th, ioa., S.S.W.
Prevailing Direction, Northwest.

Summary.

Northwest 13 per cent.

North Northwest 17 " "

South Southwest 17" "

North Northeast 17" "

Other directions 36 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, . . . .46 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, 179 hrs. =44 per cent .

Number of clear days, 4

Number of fair days, 18

Number of cloudy days 8

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded, . .223 hrs=56^.

Rain, 6th, loth, nth, 12th, 22d, 23d, 27th, 28th,

29th, 30th.

Snovp, 2d, 3d.

Thunder and Liglitning:, loth, nth, 25th,

27th, 29th, 30th.

Frosts, 3d, 5th, 22d.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : 50m., 3d,
N.; 40m., 4th, N.; 44m , 12th, S.S.W.;
44m., iSth, N.; 36m., 20th, N.; 36m.,
2ist, N.N.E.; 40m., 22d, E.N.E.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

0 s

Q

a

e
30-03

E
3
B
'a

.•0

a ^

B

3

£
IS

i

s

3

s

B

H

T3

1 is

^ ^ a
a) 0 £

Mean
Sensible
j Wet Bulb.

I

2983

29.948

49-0

2 P

35-0

0 A

42.0

40.3

34-3

5-3

2

30.21

3003

30-131

49.0

5P

30.0

6a

39-5

38.5

32-5

5-0

3

30.20

2957

29.891

35 -o

12 M

27.0

6 P

31.0

30.1

28.3

0.0

4

30.11

29-54

29.831

48.5

4:30 P

28.S

0 A

38-S

37-3

32-5

9-0

5

30-25

30.11

30.232

50.0

4P

21.5

6a

35.7

37-3

31-7

8.0

6

30.25

2999

30.081

45-5

4:30 P

36.0

7 A

40.7

38.6

37-5

I.O

7

30.15

30.04

30.069

52.0

4:30 P

37-0

0 A

44.5

43-3

39-0

2-3

8

30.24

30.04

30-133

67.0

4P

32-5

I""

49-7

49-5

41.0

II. 7

9

30.29

30.13

30-237

70.0

3:30 P

32-5

6 A

51-3

51.0

42.3

9-5

10

30-15

29.89

29.980

660

5:p

46.5

6a

56.3

54-3

5'5

4-7

II

29.9s

29.77

29 865

63.0

2 P

51.0

6a

57-0

54-5

52.5

2.2

12

3015

29.79

29957

64.0

1:30 p

42.0

12 p

53-0

54-3

48.0

10.0

13

30-30

30.15

30.266

53-0

4 P

36.0

4:30 A

44-5

436

39-0

9-4

14

30-34

30.23

30.317

6!.0

4P

335

6 A

47-3

47.0

43-0

12.2

15

30-32

30.11

30.221

63.0

3P

33-5

4 A

48-3

47-9

42-3

9-5

16

30.11

29.87

29975

69.0

3P

37-5

6 A

53-3

52.2

40.7

9.8

17

29.97

29.90

29.969

67.0

3 P

45-5

4A

56.0

532

46.0

9.0

18

29.97

2972

29835

69.5

4:30 p

41.0

6 A

55-3

55-2

45-3

12.4

19

29-75

29-53

29.609

74-5

4 P

46.0

5:30 A

60.3

59-7

505

8.6

20

29-99

29-57

29.781

72.0

2 p

530

0:30 A

62.5

61.0

50.7

10.7

21

30-43

29.99

30.305

63.0

5P

40.0

6 A

515

50.0

395

12.3

22

3051

30.38

30.477

61.0

I p

30.0

6 A

45-5

46.4

39-5

10.3

23

3038

30.10

30.199

69.0

5:30 p

44.0

0 A

56-5

53-7

50.0

6-5

24

30-31

30.16

30.280

69.0

3 P

49.0

2 A

59.0

56.7

48.0

8.2

25

30-23

30.02

30.157

88.0

3 P

45-5

3A

66.7

57-5

47.0

9-7

26

30.22

29.85

29993

80.5

6 p

43.0

3A

61.7

61.7

530

9.0

27

30.06

29.80

29.921

88.0

4:30 P

49 5

12 P

68.7

70.9

58.0

10 2

28

3008

29.91

30.004

540

4 P

44-5

6a

49-3

485

46.0

0.0

29

29.91

2952

29697

75.0

4:30 P

45-5

5A

60.3

570

53-3

6.9

30

29.71

29.60

29.669

56 0

0 A

40.0

10 p

48.0

46.9

44.0

0.0

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

(^

Total in

Q

0

Q.
(8

>

■-2

Wl •

= .2

U 1/1

P CD

(LI

P.

c

ti

Inches.

*

Q

So, ^

3 aj

5ta

ri5 e

(U 0) 3

rt u
> <u

0) 1-

£5

IP

H2.S

■3 ^(/3

V 3

n: 0

2
H

'So

Pi

0

c

I

27.0

233

64.0

N.W.

229

5.0

32

3P

2

235

223

57.0

N.W.

116

2.0

20

s p

I P

T

T

3

23.0

173

76.0

N.N.E.

282

12.5

5°

10 p

I P

12 P

•50

9-5

4

27.0

212

69.0

N.N.W.

461

8.0

40

7A

5

23-5

215

61.5

W.N.W.

75

1-5

17

7P

6

345

239

85.0

S.W.

53

I.O

14

0 A

6 A

2 P

.29

7

32.5

279

68.0

W.

118

2.0

20

3 P

8

28.5

357

445

N.W.

204

5.0

32

I p

9

34-5

345

59.0

S.S.W.

145

2-5

22

7P

lO

49-5

423

84.0

S.S.W.

211

4-5

30

6p

4A

12 P

.20

II

51.0

414

92.5

S.S.W.

158

5.0

32

II P

0 A

II P

1-55

12

43-5

395

74.0

S.W.

414

9-5

44

9A

6p

T

13

34-5

273

75-5

N.W-

210

4.0

28

9A

•4

38.0

31 5

75.0

W.N.W.

223

4-5

30

12 M

15

35 5

332

63.0

E.N.E.

140

3-0

24

12 M

16

31.0

336

55.0

N.E.

72

2.0

20

6p

'7

38.0

405

565

N.N.W.

197

4.0

28

4P

18

34 -o

429

45-5

N.

323

lO.O

45

7 A

19' 43-5 1

487

58.5

N.N.W.

62

1-5

17

2 P

20

45-5

538

57.0

N.N.E.

241

6.5

36

I p

21

27-5

321

49.0

N.N.E.

225

6.5

36

7 A

22

31-5

303

59.0

S.E.

105

8.0

40

2 P

6p

8 P

T

23

47.0

415

80.0

S.S.W.

125

1-5

17

I A

8a

II A

.02

24

405

437

58.0

S.E.

77

2.0

20

12 P

25

44-5

355

83.0

N.N.W.

'65

3-5

26

2 P

26

47.0

577

65.5

S.S.W.

103

1.0

14

9A

27

52.0

667

62.5

N.N.W.

148

4-5

30

12 M

8p

T

28

43-5

375

85.0

xN.E.

87

1.0

14

I A

8a

T

29

Si.o

469

840

N.N.E.

122

1-5

17

6p

2 A

8p

.02

30

42.0

311

87.0

N.N.E.

104

1.0

14

2 P

7 A

8 p

1.41

'Rain or nieltedsnow at base of tower.

'Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during April was marked by a number of unusual
features, the most noticeable of which was a heavy snowstorm on
the 3d. This was much the deepest snowfall of the year, but owing
its lightness it melted down to a comparatively small amount of
water. It was the deepest snow recorded at this station since 1891,
when eleven inches fell on the 3d of the month. Nearly all of the
remaining precipitation occurred during two extremely heavy thunder-
storms on the nth and 30th.

The high temperatures recorded on the 25th and 27th were almost
record breaking for this station.

The records of the various weather elements show the following
features of interest : The mean barometer was slightly higher than
the normal and the range about nine-tenths of the usual amount.
The wind was more variable than usual although the total wind
movement was considerably less than the normal.

The mean hourly temperature was more than three and one-half
degrees above the normal making it the warmest April since this
station was established, excepting only the year 19 10, which was
seven-tenths of a degree warmer.

The maximum temperature was the highest since 1896 and the
minimum was practically normal giving a range of ten degrees more
than usual. A mean hourly temperature of more than 70 degrees
on the 27th was an exceptional record for April.

The mean dew point was rather high and the relative humidity
practically normal. Only a few frosts were noted during the month.

The total precipitation was nearly an inch more than the normal,
the two heavy thunderstorms giving about three-fourths of the total.
The excess of precipitation for the first four months of the year,
over the normal, is nearly four inches.

The sunshine record was practically normal, although only four
days v;ere recorded as clear.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

R. E. McLAIN, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 3 17.

MAY, 1915

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, ^ I ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height 0/ Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 29.98. nth, 10 P.
Minimum reduced to freezing. 29.16, 4th, 3 p.
Reduced! maxinuim reading, 30.2S, nth, 10 p.
Reducedt mininuiin reading, 29.45, 4th, 3 P.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 29.905

Monthly range, 0.83

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest So.o. 31st, 6p.

Lowest 34-0. i6th, 5:30 a.

Mean hourly, 54.1

Mean of means of max. and min 53.8

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 48 7

Monthly range 46.0

Higliest mean daily, 63.4, Sth

Lowest mean daily, 44-6. ist

Mean maximum, 65.4

Mean minimum 42.2

Mean daily range, 23.2

Greatest daily range 43-';. 3ist

Least daily range, 3-G. i7th

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 4'?-3

Mean force of vapor 430

Mean relative humidity, 66.8

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, 1.20

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 11

♦Temperature in ground shelter.
I Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 4087m.

Greatest daily movement 343m., 27th

Least daily movement, 15m., 2d

Mean daily movement, 132 m

Mean hourly velocity, 5-5 m.

Maximum pressure per square foot, 8.5 lbs.=

41m. per hour, 9th, 9P., W.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 27m. per

hour, 26th, gp., N.
Prevailing Direction. West Northwest.

Summary.

North Northwest 13 per cent.

West Southwest 10 "

West 13 " "

South 13 " "

Northwest 10 " "

West Northwest i3 " "

Other directions 28 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, . . . .46 per cent.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, . . . iSo hrs. = 40 per cent.

Number of clear days 11

Number of fair days 14

Number of cloudy days, 6

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded. . . 273
Rain, ist, 2d, 4th, 5th, 7th, 8th,

17th, 2ISt, 22d, 24th, 26th.

Thunder and Lislitning, 21st.
Frosts, 15th, i6th, 20th.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour :
S ; 41m., 9th, W.N.W.; 78m ,

lirs = 6o^.
:3th, i6th.

39m., 7th,
26th, N.;

39m., 27th, N.W.; 40m., 2cSth, W.N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

0 ^

'c5

B

3

3 C
0 3

Q

S

29.86

£

i

at

S

V

S
c

S

0 ^
a x' c

6^

I

29.70

29771

50.0

4 P

41.0

4A

45-5

44 6

430

08

2

29.92

29.82

29.901

56.5

4P

41.0

5A

48.7

4«-3

46.0

42

3

29.85

29.68

29.781

595

3:30 P

42.0

5A

50.7

49.8

45 5

10. 0

4

29.68

2945

29.538

64.0

3P

41.5

5:30 A

52.7

52.5

49-3

9.9

S

29.79

2949

29657

60.0

3P

44.0

8 A

52.0

50.2

46.3

6.0

6

30.03

29.79

29962

68. 5

5 P

49.0

4A

58.7

57-5

503

n.o

7

30.10

29.72

29.969

71.0

12 M

40.0

5:30 A

55-5

57-3

50.5

7.t

8

29.69

29 62

29.656

750

4 P

570

6a

66.0

63.4

58-3

7-6

9

29.91

29.61

29735

68.0

I P

48.0

12 P

580

58.8

51-7

12. 1

10

30.10

29.91

30.054

64 0

3 P

41.0

5 A

52-5

533

45-5

132

II

30.28

30.10

30247

73-0

4:30 P

46.0

5:30 A

59-5

588

47-7

12.9

12

30.26

29.90

30.093

72.5

I p

45.0

5:30 A

58.7

60.2

53-0

9-4

•3

29.90

29.66

29746

6S.0

4 P

455

12 P

567

59- •

54 7

6.7

M

29.87

29.76

29.825

680

3 P

390

5A

535

52.6

44.0

1 1.9

«5

29.85

29.72

29803

64.0

4 P

34 5

4A

49-3

51. 1

443

12.5

i6

29.96

2985

29.925

57.0

2:30 P

340

5:30 A

45-5

47 '

430

9.0

•7

29.92

29.84

29.874

47-0

5 P

440

I A

45-5

45.1

43-7

0.0

i8

29.96

29.87

2992b

59.0

2:30 p

40.0

6 A

49-5

49-5

47.0

8.8

■9

30 16

2996

30.050

63.0

4P

395

5 A

51-3

50.8

46.5

10. 1

20

30.22

30 II

30.179

70.0

3:30 P

35-5

5 A

52.7

550

485

11.4

21

30.27

29.94

30.189

57-5

10 A

48.0

5 A

52 7

5'-6

47-7

0.3

22

2999

2975

29845

77-5

2 P

49.0

0 A

633

62.0

59-5

I.O

23

30.05

29.82

29.972

64 0

I P

47.0

12 P

55-5

540

49 7

10. 1

24

30.03

2987

29953

645

10:30 .\

42.5

5 A

53-5

540

52.0

7-9

25

30.04

29.91

29 982

780

4 P

43-5

2:30 A

60.7

61.2

56.0

12. 1

26

29.97

29.66

29845

60.0

8:30 A

41 5

12 P

507

534

503

I.I

27

30.09

29.87

30 000

61.5

3:30 P

35-5

4A

48.5

49-5

4r.o

132

28

29 88

29.70

29.790

71.0

4 P

4r.o

3:30 A

56 0

57-0

46 0

12.6

29

29.89

29-73

29.822

68.0

5 P

40 5

5 A

54 3

553

48.5

13.6

30

29.99

29.89

29.925

680

4 P

36.5

5A

62.3

527

48.0

13 I

31

30.10

29.99

30.049

80.0

6 p

365

5:30 A

583

606

52.0

137

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity

!.

Wind.

Precipitation.

■ ^

Total in

Q

0
0.

>

0) •/)

n 3 a-

I .

c

bi

Inches.

*

>>

0

12 .

3 4)

5ii

c tj'S

a> i) 3

c3 "u
> 01

£5

HS.5

rt tu 1-

(/) 1-1

4j 3
TZ 0

i

c
BQ

-5
c

W

0

c

I

41.0

297

87.0

N.N.E.

161

2-5

22

12 M

12 M

12 P

.01

2

445

331

89.5

N.N.E.

15

0.0

—

—

0 A

12 P

T

3

42.0

347

76.5

N.N.W.

172

3-0

24

7A

4

44-5

417

7I-5

S.W.

65

1-5

17

3P

8p

T

5

435

35'

82.0

S.E.

67

0.5

10

6p

4A

12 M

.06

6

440

459

63.0

W.N.W.

97

2.0

20

4 P

7

46.5

463

695

S.S.W.

126

7-5

39

SP

2 P

12 P

•03

8

56.0

557

8. .5

S.W.

212

30

24

3P

0 A

6p

•31

9

64.0

490

655

w.

218

8.5

41

9P

10

30.5

413

48.0

w.

197

4.0

28

4P

II

36.5

480

45 5

w.

124

I.O

14

3P

12

48.0

5"

67.5

S.S.W.

187

4.0

28

5 P

13

51.0

517

72.0

w.s.w.

143

4.0

28

6 P

9:3oA

3 P

.01

'4

32.0

407

45-5

W.N.W.

70

3-0

24

4P

'5

33-5

397

49-5

N.N.W.

143

4.0

28

2 P

i6

35-5

34«

60.5

W.N.W.

88

4.0

28

7A

4 P

12 P

.02

'7

415

307

85.0

s.

49

1.0

14

I A

0 A

3 P

.05

r8

430

371

755

W.N.W.

98

1-5

17

3P

19

41.0

376

69.5

N.W-

212

5.0

32

12 M

20

395

462

54.0

N.N.W.

66

2.0

20

I P

21

435

390

74-5

E.S.E.

50

1.0

14

3 P

10 A

12 P

.46

22

58.0

558

87.5

S.S.W.

182

3-5

26

0 A

0 A

10 P

.04

23

43-5

457

63.0

N.W.

212

5-5

33

9A

24

49-5

437

79.0

W.S.W.

39

1-5

17

II A

4:30 P

5:30 P

.02

25

Si.o

528

645

W.S.W.

73

3-5

26

7 P

26

465

426

74.0

W.

184

7.0

38

9P

9A

5P

.19

27

33-5

338

590

N.N.W^

343

7-5

39

12 M

28

340

450

44-5

N.W.

294

8.0

40

2 P

29

405

455

560

E.

99

IS

17

6p

30

40.0

441

57.0

S.S.W.

57

I 5

17

9A

31

430

543

54.5

S.

54

1.0

14

8 p

•*Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

*Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during May was abnormally cool although the amount
of sunshine was considerably more than the normal. On more than
two thirds of the days the maximum temperature was below 70
degrees and the maximum temperature was 8 degrees lower than the
April maximum and then did not occur until the last day of the
month. The precipitation was comparatively small but was fairly
well distributed throughout the month.

An analysis of the records of the various weather elements shows
the following features of interest : The mean barometer was much
below the normal while the range was about the average amount.
Notwithstanding the prevailing low barometer the amount of fair
weather was well above the average for May. The total wind move-
ment was about nine-tenths of the normal amount.

The mean temperature was three and one-half degrees below the
normal making it the coolest May, with one exception, since this
station was established. May, 1907, was however more than two
degrees cooler, having a mean temperature of 51.8 degrees. The
maximum temperature was 7 degrees lower than usual and the mini-
mum more than 3 degrees higher than normal giving a very small
range for the month.

The mean dew point was very low for the season and the relative
humidity well below the normal. The total precipitation was about
one third of the normal amount and occurred as small storms on
numerous dates. Only one thunder storm was noted.

The rate of progress of the season was slow during the month and
at the close of the month the season was slightly backward.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

R. E. McLAIN, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 318.

JUNE. 1915

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

ffei,^ht of Ihiroineter abo7<e ground, 31 ft. Above sea level, ^jj.^ ft.
Height oj IViful Instrntnetits f2 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 29 94, 5th, 9 p.

28th, 8 a.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.30, 23d, 3 A.
Reducedf maximum reading, 30.23, 5th, 9 p.

28th S A.
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.60, 23d, 3 A.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 30.020

Montlily range, 0.64

•Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 89.0, 14th, 3.30 P.

Lowest 37.0, 4th, 5 A.

Mean hourly, 64.2

Mean of means of max. and min 64.5

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 57 7

Monthly range, 52.0

Highest mean daily, . 72-°. 14th

Lowest mean daily 55.5i 2d

Mean maximum, 76.9

.Mean minimum, 52.1

Mean daily range, 24-8

Greatest daily range, 40.0, ist

Least daily range, 7-5i i5th

Humidity.

Mean dew point, . . . .
Mean force of vapor, .
Mean relative humidity.

53-4
• 593
71.4

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation 3-00

Number of days on which .01 inch or more
rain fell

•Temperature in ground shelter.

1 deduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement, 2439m.

Greatest daily movement, .... 225ni., 12th

Least daily movement 48m., ist

Mean daily movement, 114 ni.

Mean liourly velocity, 4. 8m.

iVlHxiuium pressure per square foot, 19.5 lbs. =

62m. per hour, 19th, 2P., S.S.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24ni. per

hour, nth, 5P., S. S.W.
Prevailing Direction, South Southeast.

Summary.

North Northeast 13 per ce

South .Southwest i7

East 13 "

East Northeast 10 "

Southwest 13

West Northwest ic

Other directions 24

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, . . . 41 per cent.

'Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun 'Ther-

m ) neter, .... 1S8 hrs. = 42 per cent.

Numljer of clear days, 8

Number of fair days, 18

Number of cloudy days 4

Briglit Sunsliine.

Number of hours recorded, . . 269 hrs. =5854.
Kaiii, 7st, 8th, 15th, 17th, 19th, 20th, 23d,
26th, 27th, 30th.
Thunder and Lightning, i5st, 17th, 2o;h,

26th;
Oales, 35 or more miles per hour : 36m., loth,

N.; 40m., nth, S.S.W.; 62m,, 19th, S.S.W.

DAILY SUMMARY,

Barometer Reduced to

0 c

S

sa Level.

Temperature, (jround Shelter.

cn^

(4

c
s
S
"S

B

B
"c

.13

C -

B
£

6
E

s
s

T3

S x' ci

J3

3 C
0 3

1.^

Q

s

s

Sc^

%

H

s
44.0

r-

sss

SKQ

^m^

ffl

I

30.09

29 96

30.036

84.0

4:30 P

5A

64 0

65.5

55-7

12.3

2

30.19

30.00

30.151

64 0

1 P

42.5

12 P

533

55 5

465

10.6

3

30.20

30.11

30.171

66.5

1:30 P

40.0

I A

53-3

566

49.0

9-4

4

30.18

30.08

30.146

750

3 i-

370

5 A

56 0

57-6

50.0

12.7

5

30-23

30-14

30.106

77-5

1 p

43-0

5 A

603

61.0

52.0

•25

6

30.19

30 00

30.060

74-5

1:30 A

51.0

5 A

62.7

63-3

57-0

68

7

30.00

29.86

29-933

79.0

2:30 P

62.0

4 A

705

68.5

63-5

89

8

29,91

29.81

29.848

8[.o

5 i-

580

12 P

695

66.3

61.0

6.8

9

2990

29.78

29845

79.0

2 P

54.0

4A

66.5

65.8

56.5

II 2

lO

30 II

29.87

30.046

73-0

2:30 P

52.0

4:30 A

62.5

62 0

5>-5

II. I

II

30.09

29.83

29942

75.0

' I P

S'O

4 A

630

63-3

54-7

10.2

12

30.12

29.81

29.959

78.0

4 '■

555

12 P

66.7

67.7

62.7

'2-3

•3

30.22

3009

30.58

80.0

1:30 P

48.0

5 A

64.0

64.5

58.0

10. 1

'4

30.10

30.04

30.078

89.0

3:30 H

59-S

4 A

743

720

66.7

10.8

'5

30.16

30.00

30 098

65.0

5:30 A

57-5

12 P

6. ,3

60.7

5«5

0.0

i6

30-17

30 06

30.121

82.0

3:30 1'

57-0

5 A

695

68.7

66.5

10 2

'7

30- 1 3

30 02

30.082

790

4:30 1>

62 0

12 1^

705

67.9

63-3

4-5

i8

30.19

30.06

30 124

865

2:30 P

55.0

4:30 A

70.7

7. .8

65-5

12.6

'9

30.09

2993

30.004

8[ 0

2 1'

62.0

6 P

71-5

68.5

645

7-3

20

29.99

2993

29971

73-0

6 p

58.0

12 P

655

64.8

61.0

61

21

30.03

29.89

29.981

76.0

3 '■

5'-5

5:30 A

63-7

63.0

57.0

125

22

2992

29.64

29 7S4

740

>:3o p

49 5

5:30 A

61.7

60 3

5'-7

6.5

23

■ 2g.78

29.60

29.716

750

3 ''

530

i 1 :30 P

64.0

61. 1

54-7

7-7

24

29.94

2978

29S85

72.0

3 !•

52.0

4 A

62.0

62. (

55 3

12 4

25

30.00

2992

29990

77.0

3 I'

50 0

5:30 A

63-5

62.2

5S-0

74

26

30.08

2997

30 040

76 0

6 p

52.0

3 A

64 0

62.4

59.0

8.9

27

30.20

30.08

30.146

730

.0:30 A

47 5

5 A

603

59-2

525

45

28

30.23

30 10

30.169

835

3 i^

47.0

4:30 A

653

662

580

12.3

29

30.12

2994

30.034

840

4 f^

530

5 A

6S.5

69.7

62.3

107

30

2997

29.82

29.890

750

1 P

59-5

3:30 A

673

66.4

63 0

0.0

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

^

Total in

Q .

0
0.
a
>

Il

as

£ 3 o-

i-4

be

'a

bi

Inches.

#

Q

; 4)

rt5£

(U 4) a

> 0)

hs.s

nl U t.

^ 0

V

S

H

c

0)

m

W

s

Pi

0

c
in

I

48.5

619

570

S.

48

0.5

10

10 P

2

3«-5

4'5

58.0

E.

149

30

24

6a

3

430

432

65 0

E.N.E.

140

1-5

17

I p

4

430

477

58-5

N.E.

61

15

'7

2 p

5

46.0

515

60.0

E.N E.

58

I.O

14

12 M

6

52-5

575

69.0

E.N.E.

170

3-0

24

9A

7

61,0

671

81.0

E.

84

1.0

14

3 A

0 A

12 P

T

8

58 0

616

80.0

S.W.

1 10

I 0

'4

3 >'

7 A

I I A

.12

9

49-5

643

550

N.N.W.

79

05

10

7A

(O

45 5

501

61.0

N.N.E.

191

6.5

36

2 P

1 1

47 5

582

570

S.S.W.

164

80

40

6 p

[2

57 5

744

64 0

W.N.VV.

225

4.0

28

12 M

'3

53-0

6'3

665

S.S.W.

116

45

30

3 P

14

660

700

925

E.

99

'•5

17

2 p

'5

58.0

5'3

92 0

E

66

05

10

4 A

8 A

1 I P

•73

i6

64.5

740

835

S.

69

0-5

10

4 P

'7

6,5

633

875

S.S.W.

102

1.0

14

3 P

4A

6 p

.66

i8

620

77f>

730

S.S.W.

113

1.0

14

9 P

'9

6j 0

655

885

S.S.W.

189

195

62

2 P

4 P

12 P

.12

20

590

595

85.0

N.W.

141

4.0

28

7 P

2 A

12 M

1. 00

21

57-5

588

82 0

N.N.E.

204

4.5

30

1 1 A

22

465

470

685

S.W.

98

2.0

20

6 P

23

5'-5

494

77-5

N.N.E.

•25

5-5

33

2 p

3 P

6 P

•03

24

49 5

542

64.0

N.N.E.

179

35

26

9A

.19

-'5

50 0

548

660

W.N.W.

59

1.0

'4

3 P

26

5-5

588

76.0

S.E.

66

1-5

17

12 M

5 A

1 P

•30

27

47 0

494

67.5

W.N.W.

60

5-5

33

I P

1 1 A

r

28

5 '-5

653

60.0

N.W.

62

05

10

8 A

29

570

752

62 0

S.W.

75

15

17

7 P

30

60 5

647

83-5

S W.

137

2-5

22

4 P

12 M

4 P

.04

'Klin or meltedsnow at base of tower.

*Incliided in followinjjdav.

REMARKS

The weather during June was generally pleasant and devoid of any
abnormal features of importance. While there were no periods of
excessive heat the amount of bright sunshine was unusually large.

No precipitation of consequence occurred until about the middle
of the month although the total amount was but little under the
normal.

An examinatian in detail of the several weather records shows the
following as the principal features : The mean barometer was consid-
erably above the normal while the range of pressure was small even
for a month when small ranges are expected. As a result of the
steady barometric pressure the wind movement was less than the nor-
mal. Nearly one half the days showed a prevailing wind direction
from some one of the eastern points of the compass, giving a very
unusual record for the prevailing direction for the month.

The mean temperature for the month was nearly two degrees lower
than the normal and the maximum and minimum records were both
lower than the average values for these records, leaving the range
equal to the normal amount. On only two days was the mean hourly
temperature above 70 degrees and on but four days was it below 60
degrees.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both lower than
the normal value for these elements.

The total precipitation, while slightly less than the normal, con-
sisted mainly of three storms totaling more than 80 per cent of the
whole amount.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

D. POTTER., Observer.

BULLETIN No. 319.

JULY, 1915

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 273-5 f^'
Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 29 93,24th, 8 A.

28th, 8 A.
Vlinimum reduced to freezing. 29.19, 8th, 7 p.
Reduced! maximum reading, 30.22, 24th, 8 A.
Iteducedt minimum reading, 29. ,48 Sth, 7P.

Mean semi-daily reduced, 29.923

Montlily range 0.74

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 910, 31st, 3 p.

Lowest, 48.0, 7th, 4;30A.

Mean hourly, 68.9

Mean of means of max. and min 69.9

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 64.5

.Monthly range, 43-o

Highest mean daily, 76.9, 3ist

Lowest mean daily 61.2, 2d

.Mean maximum, 80.4

VIean minimum, ... . . .... 59.6

Mean daily range 20.8

Greatest daily range 3i-5. Ut'i

Least daily range, 7-o. ist

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 62.1

Mean force of vapor 697

Mean relative humidity, 82.1

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, 9- 13

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 20

♦Temperature in ground shelter.
I Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement, 2908m.

Greatest daily movement, .... 251m., gth

Least daily movement 2ini., 15th

Mean daily movement, 94 ni.

Mean hourly velocity, 3-9»i-

Maximum pressure per square foot, 16.0 lbs.=

57m. per hour, ?th, gA., S.S.E.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 48m. per

hour, 5th, loA., S. S.E.
Prevailing Direction, Southwest.

Summary.

South Southwest 29 per cent.

South 10 " "

West Southwest 10 "

Northwest 10 "

Other directions 41 "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, .... 49 per cent.
Total, cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, 271 hrs. = 59 per cent.

Number of clear days, o

Number of fair days, i7

Number of cloudy days, 14

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded, . .19

1 hrs.

=41*.

Kain, ist, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 7th

Sth

gth.

11th, 12th, 14th, 16th, iSth, 19th,

2ISt

22d

26th, 27th, 30th, 31st.

Thunder and Lightning, Sth,

26th,

30th

31st.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour :

57m.

5th

S.S.E.; 41m., Sth, N N.W.; 38m,

9th,

N.W

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Sheik

r.

0.2

i

e

:3

6
S

e

3
e

'S

■3
2S

S

a
S

(4

g

S

3

s

'a

lis

I) 0 2

iJ3

ffit«

6 5
1.^

Q

S

i

S72

s

H

is

H

sss

SKa

s<^^

«

I

29.79

29.61

29.683

69.0

10:30 A

62.0

12 P

65-5

65.2

64.0

0.0

2

29.82

29.71

29.813

65s

3P

57-5

12 P

6t.5

61.2

59-7

0.0

3

29.88

29.78

29.848

83.0

5:30 p

56.5

4:30 A

69.7

68.2

63.0

9.4

4

30.00

29.88

29.984

81.0

2:30 p

63.5

5:30 A

72.3

72-5

68.3

8.7

5

29.90

29.65

29.759

78.0

3P

61.0

12 P

69-5

69.0

65-5

2.2

6

30.08

29.82

30.004

71.0

5 P

52.5

12 P

61.7

63-2

56.0

8.8

7

30.15

30.00

30.098

76.5

3P

48.0

4:30 A

62.3

64.2

59-5

6.8

8

30.02

29.48

29.720

68.0

4P

60.5

12 P

64-3

63-3

61.3

0.0

9

29.89

29.59

29.817

78.0

3P

55-5

12 P

66.7

65-3

58-7

9-3

lO

29.96

29.87

29.926

80.5

4:30 P

52-5

4A

66.5

68.1

63.7

9.2

II

29.96

29.83

29.916

82.5

2 p

58.0

5A

703

70.5

63.7

7.2

12

29.89

29.75

29.812

76.0

6 p

58.0

3:30 A

67.0

64.0

61.5

4-1

•3

29.84

29.74

29.824

88.0

4:30 p

56.5

5A

72-3

71.9

66.3

10.6

'4

29.86

29.78

29.850

84-S

4 P

61.0

4:30 A

72.7

70.0

66.0

8.1

'5

29.90

29.81

29.870

87.5

3:30 P

62.0

2:30 A

74-7

72-3

66.7

6.1

i6

29.85

29.65

29.778

85.0

2:30 p

61.S

4 A

73-3

72.9

68.3

6.1

•7

29.70

29.54

29.617

85.0

4 P

69.0

12 P

77.0

75-3

73-0

2.2

i8

29.89

29.70

29.864

84.0

2:30 P

63.0

5A

73-5

73-1

67.0

U.8

19

29.92

29.75

29.884

85.0

I P

65.0

5A

75-0

73-3

67.0

2.2

20

29.95

29.82

29.948

78.0

3 P

61.0

5A

69.5

69.0

62.5

6.9

21

30.02

29.90

29.958

72.5

11:30 A

60.5

4A

66.5

64.9

60.0

0.8

22

30.14

30.02

30.120

750

2 P

60.0

3A

67.5

65.8

60.5

4-2

23

30.18

30.09

30. 1 66

80.5

3P

53-5

3A

67.0

668

62.5

9.6

24

30.22

3013

30.211

81.0

I P

54-0

4A

67.5

66.0

61.0

7-3

25

30.21

30.08

30.182

82.5

3:30 H

54.0

5:30 A

68.3

68.5

64.5

8.9

26

30.19

30.06

30-144

81.0

I P

60.0

5A

70.5

67.7

62.7

4.2

27

30.08

30-03

30.078

82.5

4 P

64.0

6:30 A

73-3

70.8

67.0

6.7

28

30.10

2993

30 052

83-5

3 P

58.0

5 A

70.7

703

66.3

5.6

29

2Q-93

29.80

29.888

87.0

3:30 p

66.0

4 A

76.5

73 9

693

7-4

30

29.92

29.83

29.896

895

4:30 P

60.5

5 A

7S-0

74.6

69.5

II.O

31

29.94

29.87

29.926

91.0

3P

71.0

5:30 A

81.0

76.9

74-5

5-1

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

h

Total in

Q

0
a

>

to

6 3 o-

I .

bo

a

■a

bj)

Inches.

1.

Q

1^ ^

3 4)

rt3 £

4) D 3

(3 u

> 01

IP

HS.S

"• £ !r

gPLcft,

H

c
Si

V
CO

'■3
a
W

a

'ei

(A

0

c
in

I

63.0

631

91.0

E.

137

2.0

20

2 P

2 A

3P

1-55

2

S«.5

582

94 -o

N.N.E.

63

0-5

10

8p

I A

12 p

1.22

3

60.5

675

80.0

w.s.w.

71

1-5

17

10 p

10 P

12 p

■05

4

66.0

786

82.0

s.s.w.

77

1-5

n

7 P

0 A

2 A

•03

5

63.5

729

80.0

w.

174

i6.o

57

9A

9A

12 M

•13

6

50-5

579

63.0

W.N.W.

206

3-5

26

2 P

7

S5-0

629

71.0

S.S.W.

77

1-5

17

I P

7P

T

8

60.5

570

92.0

E.S.E.

149

8.5

41

6p

6 A

10 P

3.10

9

55-0

608

72.0

N.W.

251

7.0

38

6p

6p

8p

.01

(0

59-5

763

66.0

S.S.W.

117

2.0

20

12 M

II

59.0

794

63.0

S.W.

lOI

I.O

14

5 P

10 p

12 p

.10

12

60.5

580

91.0

W.S.W.

67

0.5

10

2 A

0 A

II A

•43

13

63.0

771

750

S.W.

65

10

14

I P

[4

64.0

715

84.5

S.

43

2-5

22

5 P

I P

6p

.21

'5

65.0

729

87.0

S.

21

0.5

lO

4P

i6

65.5

827

80.5

S.

97

3-5

26

3 P

4 P

6p

.01

>7

71-5

864

88.5

W.N.W.

134

2.0

20

5 P

i8

63-5

804

75-5

N.W.

83

2.0

20

3 P

9P

II p

.04

•9

65.0

739

84.5

S.S.W.

82

5.0

32

3P

3P

10 p

■7'

20

59.0

686

73-5

N.E.

87

1-5

17

9A

21

57-5

593

80.0

N.N.E.

78

0.5

10

II A

4 P

12 p

•13

22

58.5

544

83.0

S.S.W.

78

I 5

17

5 P

10 A

4 P

.01

23

60.5

622

875

S.S.E.

63

0-5

10

5 P

24

59.0

585

54-5

S.S.W.

78

o-S

10

3 P

25

63-5

659

90.0

S.S.W.

94

1.0

14

I p

26

62.0

627

88.5

S.S.W.

77

1-5

17

I P

2 P

12 P

.20

2?

655

718

88.0

N.

68

0-5

10

10 A

0 A

2 A

•03

28

64.5

685

885

S.S.W.

68

1-5

17

10 P

6p

II P

.50

29

68.0

778

88.0

W.S.W.

III

0-5

10

II A

30

675

838

81.5

w.

49

0.0

—

—

II P

12 P

.10

31

73-5

914

91.0

N.W.

42

2-5

22

2 P

0 A

4P

.57

'Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

'Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather, during July, was abnormal in many respects, but
by far the most noticeable feature was the excessive precipitation.
Starting with nearly three inches of rain on the first two days of the
month, and within a week, another day with more than three inches
in a single storm, the precipitation continued to occur throughout
the month on more than half the days, giving a total of more than
twice the July normal. Excepting the year 1897, when 14.51 inches
was recorded in July, the precipitation this month was the largest
for twenty-five years. As might be inferred from the excessive
moisture of the month, the relative humidity was nearly ten per cent
more than the normal.

A comparison of the records of the several weather elements
with the normals for a period of twenty-five years shows the follow-
ing as the most important features : The mean barometer was com-
paratively low and the changes in pressure generally slow and small.
The range of pressure was practically normal. The total wind move-
ment was about 20 per cent less than normal and more than usual
was from the southwest quadrant. The mean hourly temperature
was nearly two degrees lower than the normal and the maximum
temperature did not reach 90 degrees until the last day of the
month. Notwithstanding the absence of especially high tempera-
tures the last week of the month was especially oppressive and
sultry. The minimum temperature was nearly three degrees higher
than usual giving a comparatively small range for the month.

The mean dewpoint was comparatively high as would be in-
ferred from the high relative humidity referred to above.

Nearly one half the days were cloudy and not a single clear
day was noted.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
DAVID POTTER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 320.

AUGUST. 1915

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 fi- Above sea level, 2"/^.^ ft.
Height oj Wifid histruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 2998, 3d, 10 p.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 2g.4o,2Sth, 8 A
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.28, 3d, 10 p
Reduced! minimum reading, 29.69, 25th, 8 A

Mean semi-daily reduced, 29.978

Montlily range 0-59

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Higliest, SS.o, ist, I p., 13th, 4 p

Lowest, 42.0, 27tli, 6 a

Mean liourly, 66.0

Mean of means of max. and min., .... 67.0

Mean sensible (wet Ijulb), 62

Monthly range 46.0

Highest mean daily, 76.7, ist

Lowest mean daily, 55.6, 27th

Mean maximum, 76.6

Mean minimum, 57.3

Mean daily range, i9-3

Greatest daily range, 29.5, nth

Least daily range, 7-o, 4th, 29th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 60.4

Mean force of vapor 635

Mean relative humidity, . S5.0

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, 8. 28

Number of days on which .01 inch or more
rain fell 14

♦Temperature in ground shelter.
I Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 3199™.

Greatest daily movement, .... 250111., 26th

Least daily movement, 41111., 20th

Mean daily movement, looni.

Mean hourly velocity, 4.2 111.

Maximum pressure per square foot, 9.5 lbs.=

44"i- per hour, Sth, 2P., S.S.E.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 42ni. per

hour, 4th, 2P., E.
Prevailing Direction, West Southwest.

Summary.

Northwest 13 per cent.

South 13 " "

West 10 " "

Northeast 10 " "

Other directions 54 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, . . . . 63perceiit.
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Ther-
mometer, 277 hrs.=65 per cent.

Number of clear days, 0

Number of fair days, 16

Number of cloudy days, 15

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded, . .152 Iirs.=35?{.
Rain, ist, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, Sth, 9th,

loth, 13th, 15th, 16th, 2ist, 22d, 2;th, 29th,

30th,
Thunder and I-ightning:,ist, 9th, 15th, 22d.
Hail, 9th.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour : 39m., 4th,
E.; 44ni-, Sth, S.S.E.; 36m , 19th, N.N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

o.S

ST

s

3
S

rt

i
e

.-a

a -

0) f.

E

E
■><

V

S

£

3
S
'S

rt x' d

0) rt.S

<u 0 2

Ji3

3 c

0 3

Q

s

S

S

H

i

H

sss

SKa

^-1 ^^

M

I

30.00

29.89

29.976

88.0

I P

69.0

6a

78.5

76.7

72.7

4.6

2

29.99

29.85

29.964

81.5

2:30 P

700

7 A

75-7

72.7

69.5

1.2

3

30.28

2999

30245

67.5

12 M

54-5

12 P

61.0

61.3

55-7

0.6

4

30.25

29.83

30.000

61.5

3P

54-5

0 A

58.0

57 9

56.7

0.0

5

30.04

29.94

30.023

64.0

5 P

550

3A

59-5

59-9

57-3

0.0

6

30.04

29.97

30 005

655

12 M

57-0

2 A

6. .3

60.3

59.0

0.0

7

30.06

29.86

29.984

78.0

5P

56.0

3A

67.0

66.0

64.0

6.4

8

30.01

2987

29.958

84.0

3:30 p

62.5

5:30 A

73-3

71-4

67-3

6.5

9

29.93

29.79

29911

80.0

I H

62.5

12 P

713

676

655

44

10

2993

29.82

29.916

81.0

3P

57-5

5:30 A

69-3

67.0

62.7

10 2

II

30-03

2993

30010

85 -s

4P

56.0

5:30 A

70.7

70.0

65.7

11.2

12

30.07

29.94

30.038

81.0

I p

66.0

6a

73-5

69.0

643

3-4

13

29.94

29.80

29.890

88.0

4 P

66.0

6 A

77.0

75.6

725

60

14

30.01

29.86

29.978

85.0

2 p

64.0

6a

74-5

738

71.0

7-0

15

30.05

29-93

30.006

84.0

3P

61.0

5:30 A

72.5

723

69.0

4.1

16

30.02

29.90

29.979

85-5

3P

66.0

3A

75-7

730

68.5

67

•7

30.01

29.82

29.914

74.0

9A

51.0

12 P

625

64.7

590

7 4

18

3001

29.88

29972

70.0

3 P

47.0

5A

58-5

59.0

53-0

91

•9

29.96

29.87

29-954

77-5

2 p

49.0

4 A

633

63.5

58-5

7.8

20

30.03

2994

30.011

820

I p

51.0

5A

66.5

65.8

59-5

^l

21

30.04

29-93

30.008

76.0

2 p

55-5

6a

65.7

65.8

625

0.6

22

2993

2974

29.815

750

II A

66.0

5 A

70.5

69.7

67.7

0.0

23

29.85

2973

29828

81.0

4 P

65.0

12 P

730

71-7

673

2.9

24

29.91

2975

20850

86.0

3P

58.0

5--30 A

720

70.6

67.5

8.4

25

29.84

29.69

29.758

78.0

3P

58.0

12 P

68.0

69.2

655

4-9

26

30.12

29.84

29976

73-0

3 P

52.0

6 a

62.5

61. 1

56.7

7-7

27

30.27

30.12

30239

70.5

4 P

42.0

6a

56.3

55-6

5'-7

8.9

28

30.20

3007

30.150

69.0

2 P

44 -o

6a

56.5

56.9

54-3

5-5

29

30.07

2990

29.966

60.0

5 P

530

S A

56.5

56.5

545

0.0

30

29.91

29.83

29.874

72.0

4P

56.5

0 A

643

61.5

60.3

1.9

31

30.22

29.91

30.108

71.0

3 P

52.0

12 P

615

59-9

53-5

6.7

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidit;

Wind.

Precipitation.

tM

Total in

(U

Q

0

>

■Mi

bi
s
'c

ti

Inches.

•

Q

So

5t(

<u 1) 3

> <u

DlhQ

rt S IH

::: 0

H

a
W

"H

it

0

B

in

I

71-5

879

89.0

s.w.

52

1-5

17

7P

9P

12 P

1-53

2

69.0

760

92.0

w.

89

1-5

17

10 P

0 A

7 A

.29

3

530

508

8. .5

N.E.

140

1-5

17

7A

10 A

6p

•35

4

550

508

850

N.E.

159

7-5

39

2 P

II A

II p

2.61

5

55-5

516

85.0

N.N.E.

208

1-5

17

7A

10 P

T

6

58.0

5'5

94.0

N.E.

119

0.5

10

12 M

8a

10 p

•44

7

62.5

644

88.5

S.

108

I 5

17

2 P

8

640

783

77,0

S.S.E.

108

9-5

44

2 P

8p

12 p

.01

9

64.0

673

90.0

S.E.

lOI

2.0

20

2 P

0 A

10 p

.46

lO

60.5

643

82.S

N.W.

83

2-5

22

I P

12 M

T

II

63-5

728

81 0

S.W.

62

0.5

10

10 A

12

62.0

671

84.0

S.E.

100

I.O

14

I P

4 P

12 p

.46

13

71.0

877

88.0

S.

75

0-5

10

5 P

0 A

5 A

.20

14

69-5

852

84-5

W.

78

0-5

10

2 P

15

675

781

87.0

s.s.w.

73

I 0

14

3P

3P

8p

.01

16

675

753

88.0

w.s.w.

87

0.5

10

2 p

5 P

T

•7

56 0

578

78.5

N.

192

5-0

32

II A

18

48.0

492

69-5

N.N.W.

167

6.5

36

I P

19

5S.O

594

72.0

W.N.W.

65

05

10

2 P

20

60.0

568

88.0

s.s.w.

41

0.0

—

—

21

61.5

604

91 0

S.

48

1.0

14

10 P

6p

T

22

66.5

732

89.5

S.S.E.

250

3-5

26

10 A

I A

9P

'•i3

23

66.0

707

915

W.S.W.

106

0.5

10

2 P

24

66.5

7.8

9' 5

S.

44

0-5

10

II P

25

645

666

91.0

N.W.

144

30

24

5 P

I A

7 P

.29

26

530

535

77.0

N.W.

144

30

24

3P

27

475

446

78.0

W.N.W.

55

0.0

—

—

28

52-5

464

84.0

E.

57

0-5

10

9P

29

53-5

450

895

N.

77

0.0

—

—

4A

12 P

.14

30

59.0

540

945

W.

56

0.0

—

—

0 A

I P

.36

31

50.0

496

72.0

N.W.

III

1-5

17

9A

•*Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

♦Included in following day.

REMARKS

The general character of the weather during the month was similar
in many respects to the abnormal record of July. An excessive rain-
fall, high humidity and much cloudiness were the predominating fea-
tures. While the precipitation was slightly less than that of July, it
was larger than any previous record for August since this station was
established. The amount of cloudiness was considerably greater
than in the preceding month and the relative humidity several points
higher. The two months taken together furnish a very exceptional
record for heavy rainfall.

Comparing the records of the several weather elements with the
corresponding normals for this station the following features are
noted : The mean barometer was slightly lower than the normal and
the range of pressure comparatively small. Changes in pressure
were generally slow and small. The total wind movement was prac-
tically normal and few gales were recorded. Daily wind directions
were much more variable than usual.

The mean temperature was nearly two degrees lower than usual
and the range slightly smaller than usual. The maximum tempera-
ture was comparatively low and one of the dates was the first, the
day following the maximum of the month before, which was reached
the last day of July. Although frost was feared several times the
minimum temperature did not fall below 42 degrees, which is at least
six degrees above the record at which frost might be noted in es-
pecially exposed places at the level of the ground.

The mean dew point was practically normal, while the mean rela-
tive humidity was exceptionally high.

The total precipitation was nearly twice the normal amount. More
than one-half the total fell during the heavy storms on the first four
days of the month.

Nearly an equal number of cloudy and fair days were noted, while
not a single day was rated as clear.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
DAVID POTTER, Observer.

BULLETIN NO. 321. SEPTEMBER, 1915

Meteorological Observations rvi£:i^**^cki^;ae

""""" JAN 2 41916

MASSACHUSETTS ^

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENTS^

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2JJ.^ ft.
Height of Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressme. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.09, ist, g A.;

2d, S A.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.05, 26th, 6 p
Reduced! maximum reading, 30.37, ist, 9 a;

2d, 8 a.
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.34, 26tli, 6 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.050

Monthly range 1.03

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 93.0, 9th, 4 p; 15th, 1:30 p

Lowest 34.5,30th, 5:30 a

Mean hourly 64.2

Mean of means of max. and min 66.0

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 59.3

Monthly range 58-5

Highest mean daily 79-4i i5th

Lowest mean daily 48.6, 28th

Mean maximum 78-1

Mean minimum 53-9

Mean daily range 24.2

Greatest daily range 36.0, 30th

Least daily range 13.5, _ 6th

Hnmidity.

Mean dew point 56

Mean force of vapor 601

Mean relative humidity 80.S

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation 1.3

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 7

* Temperature in ground shelter.
I Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 3332 m

Greatest daily movement 373ni, 27th

Least daily movement 15 m, 2d

Mean daily movement mm

Mean hourly velocity 4.6 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, =

54 m per hour, 26th, up, W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 48 m per

hour, 26th, 7 p, W.
Prevailing direction. Southwest.

Summary.

South 40 per cent

Northwest 17 "

West 10 " "

Other directions 33 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 53 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 192 hours = 51 per cent

Number of clear days 4

Number of fair days 16

Number of cloudy days 10

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 181 hrs, =|49 per cent
Rain. 7th, 13th, 14th, i6th, 17th, 19th, 21st, 24th,

26th.
Thunder and Liiihtning. 13th. i6th. 17th,

2ist.

Frosts, 23d.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour: 35m, 21st,
W.N.W.; 54m, 26th. W.: 39m, 27th, W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

0 c

Sea Level.

Temperature, ijround blielter.

<«2

c

3

E

3

E

3

£

3

i!3

3 C
0 3

at/)

C4

-1

V

E

E
c

E

0 rt
rt X' c

r'Tl ^

So £

2 s.?

Q

S

ii

^■r>

s

H

S

H

sss

Sia

^^^

oa

I

30-37

30.21

30.362

740

3 P

445

6 A

59 7

58.2

53-0

8.2

2

30-37

30.18

30.275

80.5

3:30 P

47.0

6 A

637

60.9

55-7

3-3

3

30.20

30.08

30 144

87.0

2:30 p

53-0

5A

70.0

67.4

62.0

5.0

4

30.08

29.95

30.030

88.0

2 p

57.0

6a

72.5

697

64.5

4-9

s

30.10

30.00

30.094

84.0

3P

62.5

6a

73-3

71.0

65.7

5-5

6

30.12

30.04

30 159

77.0

3:30 P

63-5

6 a

70.3

68.4

62.7

46

7

30.07

2992

30.061

80.5

4 P

630

6a

71.7

69.0

66.3

35

8

30.03

2986

29.966

85.0

3P

69 0

5A

77.0

73-1

70.5

5-4

9

29-93

29-79

29884

93.0

4 P

69.0

5A

81 0

76.4

70.7

7.0

lO

29.95

2987

29.908

87.0

3 P

63-5

7 A

75-3

74.2

68.5

9-5

II

29.98

2987

29-943

87.5

3 P

56.0

7 A

7'-7

70.7

66.7

6.8

12

30.10 29.98

3o.ot)6

820

4 P

55-5

6a

68.7

67-4

62.0

8.5

13

30.18 30.02

30.119

80.0

3:30 P

62.0

12 P

71.0

67.8

64.3

1.4

14

30.18

30.07

30.108

92.0

3 P

60.0

I A

76.0

74.8

72.7

7-1

•5

30.21

30.11

30.146

93.0

1:30 p

70.0

3 A

81s

79-4

75-3

7.9

16

30.23

30.11

30.189

91.0

3P

71.0

6 A

81.0

78.1

71.5

67

17

30,11

2995

30064

86.0

I p

66.5

5 A

76.3

73-9

69.0

5.0

18

30.16

30.00

30.079

76.0

4 P

60.5

5:30 A

68.3

67.2

62.3

8.1

19

30.00

29.84

29.896

78.0

4P

58.0

5 A

68.0

63.8

60.5

0.4

20

29.97

2983

29.932

80.0

2:30 p

530

6 A

66.5

649

60.5

6.4

21

29.S3

2952

29.701

68.0

9A

52.0

12 P

60 0

62.6

57.0

0.0

22

30.26

2979

30.124

62.0

3:30 P

4'-5

12 P

51 7

52.0

44-7

74

23

30.34

30.18

30279

69.0

3 P

350

5:30 A

520

S'-S

45 5

6.0

24

30.23

30 12

30.186

66.5

4:30 p

45 0

4 A

55.7

52.1

49.7

30

25

30.34

30.12

30 280

70 0

4:30?

42.0

6a

56 0

55-0

500

9.8

26

30.12

29.34

29.664

68.0

6:30 p

44.0

I A

56.0

55-9

53.3

0.0

27

29.87

2955

29 820

59 5

3 P

42.0

12 P

50.7

49-5

42-3

8.3

28

29.90

29.78

29.874

62.5

2:30 p

360

5:30 A

493

48.6

425

10.6

29

30.12

29.90

29.9S7

66.0

2;30 P

40.5

5 A

53-3

52.1

44.3

10.7

30

30.22

3008

30.162

70.5

3P

34.5

5:30 A

52.5

50.0

44.5

10.4

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidit

y.

Wind.

]

Precipitation.

fe

Total in

0
0.

>

3 a; g

S 3 cr

R _

bi

c

c

bi

Inches.

#

Q

U 0) S

'ci t!

> 0)

s S V,

n: 0
^X

V

5

H

c
'So

(U

c

'•B

c
W

9='

0

a

(A

I

50.0

.456

81.0

N.N.E.

85

0.0

_

2

530

•479

87.0

S.W.

15

0.0

—

3

bi.o

.612

88.5

w.

32

O.Q

—

4

63.0

.679

855

w.

38

0.0

—

5

62.0

.788

71.0

N.W.

43

0.0

—

6

60.0

.659

79.0

s.

68

0.0

—

7

61.0

.691

78.0

s.

70

15

17

5 P

4A

8 A

T

8

69.5

.806

895

s.

128

2.0

20

5 P

9

69.0

.831

87.5

S.W.

72

0-5

10

3 A

10

66.5

.813

795

W.N.Vv^.

III

2.0

20

4 P

II

65.0

•752

82.0

W.

52

I.O

14

4 P

12

59.0

.646

79.0

S.

63

0-5

10

10 P

13

63.0

.649

S8.5

S.E.

81

0.0

—

—

7A

5P

.08

14

72.0

•873

90.0

S.

150

2-5

22

I A

I A

2 A

.04

15

74 5

•913

93-5

S.S.E.

131

I 0

14

2 P

i6

70.0

.838

89.0

S.S.E.

88

15

17

6p

4P

7 P

T

•7

675

.894

840

S.

117

2.0

20

12 M

3 P

4P

.04

i8

60.0

.644

800

S.

68

0.5

10

8p

19

590

.560

90.5

S.

48

0.0

—

—

2 A

8 P

.08

20

59-5

•558

92.5

s.

124

1.0

14

12 p

21

52-5

•557

74.0

s.

166

6.0

35

10 p

8a

3P

•94

22

38.0

•364

64-5

N.W.

254

4-5

30

8 a

23

41.0

•352

72.5

S.

152

2.0

20

I p

24

48.0

•380

90s

S.

31

0.5

10

3 P

7A

12 M

.02

25

46.5

.408

78.5

S.

50

50

32

7 P

26

49 5

.480

74.0

W.

296

14.5

54

II P

8 a

5 P

•17

27

360

•324

66.5

N.W.

373

7-5

39

2 A

28

34-5

•334

62.0

N.W.

86

5-0

32

4 P

29

37-5

■358

63.0

N.N.E.

257

30

24

I A

30

41.5

.321

82.5

N.

33

1.0

14

12 M

**Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

♦included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during September was considerably warmer than
usual, due largely to a number of extremely warm days about the
middle of the month. The highest temperature of the year was reg-
istered on the 15th, during a period of high humidity, and caused an
unusually large number of prostrations from heat. The last part of
the month, while seasonable, was rather cool. The precipitation was
small, but owing to the extremely heavy rainfall of the preceding two
months vegetation did not suffer.

The mean barometer was slightly below the normal and the range
considerably more than usual owing to a minimum considerably
lower than usual. The large number of days with wind from the
South was exceptional for this station. While the total wind move-
ment was nearly normal, several days near the close of the month
showed a large daily record.

The mean hourly temperature was more than three degrees higher
than the normal, and the mean of means of maximum and minimum
records was nearly two degrees higher than the mean hourly records
— an exceptionally large difference.

The maximum temperature was about six degrees higher than the
September normal for this feature, and two degrees more than the
previous maximum for this year. The minimum was slightly higher
than usual, giving a large range for the month. Light frosts were
noted near the end of the mouth, but no damage of consequence was
done.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both much higher
than their respective normals.

The total precipitation was about one-third of the normal, and
much the greater part was registered during a single storm.

The amount of sunshine was slightly less than the normal.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
DAVID POTTER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 322.

OCTOBER, 1915

Meteorological Observations

MASSACHUSETTS

CI3RARY

JAN 2 411

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT ^^^

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of haroineter above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Listricnients 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressnie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.11, i6th, 6 A.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.28, 30th, 2 p
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.41, iitli, 9 a;

i6th, 6 A.
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.58, 3otli, 2 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.082

Monthly range 0.83

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 76.0, 13th, 14th, 15th, 17th

Lowest 25.5, 25th

Mean hourly 5i-7

Mean of means of max. and min 52.4

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 47-2

Monthly range 50.5

Highest mean daily 64.0, 15th

Lowest mean daily 39-6i 23d

Mean maximum 63.1

Mean minimum 4i-8

Mean daily range 21.3

Greatest daily range 39-°. i7th

Least daily range 4-5i 2d

Hnmidity.

Mean dew point 44-2

Mean force of vapor 37i

Mean relative humidity 81.6

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation 2.89

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 7

* Temperature in ground shelter.
t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 3786 m

Greatest daily movement 315m, 30th

Least daily movement 15 m, ist

Mean daily movement 122 m

Mean hourly velocity 5.1 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 12.0 lbs =

49 m per hour, 30th, i p, N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30m per

hour, 30th, 4 p, N.W.
Prevailing direction, West.

Summary.

South Southwest 26 per cent

West 19 " "

North Northwest 16 " "

Northwest 10 " "

West Northwest 10 " "

Other directions 19 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 44 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . .179 hours = 52 per cent

Number of clear days 6

Number of fair days 12

Number of cloudy days 13

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 162 hrs, =148 per cent.
Rain, 1st, 2d, 5th,;7th, 8th, 15th, 20th, 26th.
Thunder and Lightning, 26th.
Frosts, 9th. nth, 25th, 28th.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour: 36m, 22d,
W.N.W.; 35m, 23d, N.W.; 49m, 30th, N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

mJ3

a
s
E

E

3

S
3
£

u

S
3
S

<i3

Ji3

3 C
0 3

S

-i

(4

E

c

E

d X (3
D rt.-

rt 3 S^

<ii 0 s

2 c o5

Z.^

Q

30-15

i

s-^

^

H

s

H

sss

SKa

m

I

29.94

30.074

60.5

4P

370

7:30 A

48.7

49.4

45-3

3-0

2

29.94

29.78

29844

490

I A

44 5

12 P

47-3

47.6

46.5

0.0

3

30.08

29.88

30.004

54.0

12 .M

3«.o

12 P

46 0

47-5

46.7

0-3

4

30.21

30-03

30.151

67.S

4 1'

34.5

2 A

51 0

51.0

46.0

9-4

S

30.03

29-73

29.879

66.0

1:30 P

51.0

12 P

585

58.0

56.3

0.2

6

30.11

29.92

30-057

61.5

4:30 P

42.5

12 P

520

51.0

46.7

1-4

7

30.21

30-05

30 174

61.5

I P

380

3A

49-7

50.0

47.0

2.8

8

30.05

29.94

29975

590

4P

46.5

6 a

52-7

51.0

47.5

3-4

9

30.08

29.94

30.030

58.0

2 P

390

7A

48-5

47.1

39-7

6.5

10

30-33

2994

30.242

59.0

3 P

370

6:30 a

4S.0

46.0

40.3

9.4

II

30-41

3025

30353

61.0

3P

28.0

7 a

44-5

450

39-7

94

12

30.34

30.22

30.300

730

3 P

43.5

6:30 A

58.3

56.0

49-5

87

'3

30.39

3028

30.369

76 0

2 p

49.0

5 A

62.5

59.0

52.5

7-6

14

30.34

30.20

30.302

76.0

r.30 p

540

5A

65 0

63.1

58.3

5-1

15

30.31

30.18

30.299

760

3 P

56.0

12 P

66.0

64.0

57-3

15

16

30.41

3024

30231

65.0

3 P

46.5

12 P

55-7

55-8

503

7-2

•7

30.24

30.09

30.192

76.0

3P

37-0

6a

56.5

528

430

7-8

18

30.24

30.10

30.185

70 0

3P

42.0

6:30 A

56.0

55-1

50.3

8.2

'9

30.12

29 98

30.059

67.0

4 P

510

0 A

59-0

59-4

57-3

0.6

20

30.03

29.95

30 010

64.0

2 p

59.0

7 A

61.5

61 0

59 7

0.0

21

29.9S

2979

29.942

74.0

r.30 p

48.0

11:30 P

61.0

6t.2

55.7

5-9

22

29.99

2981

29.924

590

2 p

42.0

5 A

50.5

50.9

49.5

8.0

23

29.92

29.86

29.910

45.0

I P

340

6 A

39 5

39.6

34.7

72

24

30.15

29.90

30,019

530

2:30 P

33.0

12 P

430

404

37-3

7-3

25

30.27

30- '5

30.250

56.0

3 P

25.5

6a

40.7

39 9

350

89

26

30-23

3007

30.169

63.5

12 M

390

0 A

51-3

52.2

51.7

36

27

30.18

30.04

30.153

67.0

3P

41.0

12 P

54.0

54-1

49 3

6.7

28

30.19

2999

30.091

62.0

3P

31.5

6:30 A

46.7

45-7

380

8.9

29

30 00

29.66

29.798

62.0

3:30 p

430

o;a

52.5^

52.7

49-7

1-9

30

29.79

2958

29-653

545

3P

450

10 p

49 7

48.9

42.0

2.3

31

29.74

29.79

29.898

590

2 p

41.0

7 A

50.0

484

41.7

8.7

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

i^

Total in

Q

0

a

>

|.§

H 3 o-

bi

C2

Inches.

*

3 1)

CD a; 3

'3 tj

3>S

"i £ ^)

^ 0

£

c

DQ

'■5

c

d

0

c

I

42.0

343

78.5

N.W.

15

0.0

II P

12 P

•03

2

45-5

322

96.0

N.N.E.

US

1-5

17

5 P

0 A

8p

■49

3

45.0

336

91.0

N.N.W.

42

0.0

—

—

4

43-0

349

81.5

s.w.

53

1-5

17

7 P

s

54 5

486

88.5

s.

203

4-5

30

10 A

7A

5 P

•25

6

45.0

338

90.0

N.

48

0-5

10

I P

7

45-5

341

895

s.

52

I -5

17

10 A

6 p

12 p

T

8

45 5

353

87.0

w.

40

0.0

—

—

0 A

7 A

.88

9

33-5

286

67-5

N.N.W.

49

1-5

17

2 P

(0

370

273

80.5

N.N.W.

71

2.0

20

2 P

II

36.5

279

81.0

s.s.w.

82

2.0

20

5P

12

47.0

396

82.0

s.s.w.

171

2.0

20

2 P

'3

49-5

458

79.0

S.S.W-

153

30

24

5P

•4

56.5

541

86.0

ss.w.

i7S

3-0

24

I p

15

55-5

519

86.5

N.

118

1.0

14

2 P

7A

8 p

•52

16

46 0

431

72.5

w.

51

0.0

—

—

•7

36.5

342

645

w.

33

0-5

10

4P

t8

49.0

396

88.0

W.N.W.

52

I.O

14

6P

'9

55-0

525

83-5

S.S.W.

166

2-5

22

I P

20 59.0 1

526

95-5

s.s.w.

31

0.0

—

—

5A

12 P

•57

21

54-5

470

91-5

w.

91

3-5

26

6 p

22

47.0

385

855

W.N.W.

212

6.5

36

10 A

23

26.5

236

60.5

N.N.W.

282

6.0

35

I P

24

330

241

790

N.N.W.

112

2.5

22

I P

25

31-5

229

78.5

W.

40

0.0

—

—

26

50.0

423

855

S.S.W.

258

4-5

30

12 M

8 p

12 P

•IS

27

47.0

379

87.0

W.N.W.

202

3-0

24

4 P

28

33-5

263

74-5

W.

55

0.5

19

2 P

29

47-5

399

82.5

S.S.W.

212

30

24

5 A

30

350

325

635

N.W.

315

12.0

49

I p

31

37-5

302

73-0

N.W.

257

3-0

24

II A

**Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

*Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during October was generally seasonable and un-
marked by abnormal features. Many fair days and mild tem-
perature combined to -make it one of the most pleasant periods of
the year. The precipitation was somewhat deficient for the month
and the temperature slightly above the normal.

The barometer was rather inactive for the time of year, the
range being only about three-fourths of the normal value. The
mean pressure was a few hundredths above the normal. The
total wind movement was about 500 miles less than usual, and
only three days showed gales of moderate intensity. The pre-
vailing wind direction was almost due West, and the eastern
points of the compass were hardly noted in the record of wind
direction.

The mean hourly temperature was between one and two de-
grees higher than the normal, and the maximum was three de-
grees lower than usual, while the minimum was slightly higher
than the normal, giving a considerably smaller range than the
normal value for this feature.

The mean dew point was comparatively high, and the relative
humidity more than six points above the normal.

The total precipitation was about 80 per cent of the usual
amount, and most of it occurred during a few well-defined storms
of moderate intensity. The last part of the month was compara-
tively free from rain.

The amount of sunshine was a little less than the normal value.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
DAVID POTTER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 323.

NOVEMBER, 1915

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGKICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, ^73 -5 f^-
Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressuie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.16, iSth, 7 a.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 28.89, 19th, 8 p
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.48, iSth, 7 A
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.19, 19th, 8 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.993

Monthly range 1.29

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 69 0, ist

Lowest 20.0, i8th

Mean hourly 39-9

Mean of means of max. and min 40.S

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 35.5

Monthly range 49.0

Highest mean daily 49.5, 12th

Lowest mean daily 31.9, i8th

Mean maximum 49.8

Mean minimum 31.

Mean daily range 18.

Greatest daily range 34.0, 8th

Least daily range 4.0, 5th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 30.7

Mean force of vapor 241

Mean relative humidity 74.7

Precipitation. In inches.

'I'otal ])recipitation 2.20

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 9

'J"otal snow in inches .... 0.5

* 'J'emperature in ground shelter.

t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 5402 m

Greatest daily movement 476m, i6th

Least daily movement 6ni, 26th

Mean daily movement 180 m

Mean hourly velocity 7-5 ni

Maximum pressure per square foot, 22.0 lbs =

66 m per hour, 15th, 8 p, W.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 48m per

hour, 15th, 9 p, W.N.W.
Prevailing direction, West Northwest.

Summary.

North 17 per cent

North Northeast 13 •' "

Southwest 13 '■ "

West 13 " "

West Northwest 13 " "

South 10 " "

Northwest 10 " "

Other directions 11 '• "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 44 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . .175 hours = 60 per cent

Number of clear days 3

Number of fair days 13

Number of cloudy days 14

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 118 hrs, := 40 per cent.
Rain, 2d, 4th, 12th, 14th, 15th, 19th, 21st, 27th,

29th.
Thunder and Lightning, 2d.
Snow, 17th, 23d.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour: 56m, 2d,

W. N. W.; 39m, 3d, N.W.; 44m, 9th,N.W.;

37m, 10th, N.W.; 56m, 13th, W.N.W.; 66m,

15th, W.N.W.: 51m, i6th, W.N.W.: 36m,

20th, N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

c

£

_5^

S

p

-0

jd

ii

C<

E

S

.13
0) g

c
V.

3

S
c

v

S

rt X' c

(U rt.-

^ 0 Lh

Q

S

S

S-J^

S

H

S

H

sss

ssa

SJ^^

ffl

I

29.83

29.54

29.644

69 0

2 P

45.0

0 A

570

56.2

50-5

4.8

2

29.80

29.47

29.639

58.0

9A

430

12 P

50-5

49-4

45-7

3-1

3

30.14

29.80

30.004

60.0

3P

370

12 P

48.S

42.5

37-7

3-9

4

30.16
30.08

29.85
2975

30-074

29-939

58.0
42.0

I p

4 P

27.0
38.0

6:30 A
11 A

42.5

38.2
40.2

33-5

377

5-3

5

40.0

00

6

30.25

30.08

30.188

50.0

3P

32 0

12 P

41.0

41-5

35-5

73

7

30.23

30.10

30.196

54-5

3P

27.0

7 A

40.7

39-9

34-5

8.5

8

30 22

29.98

30 124

61.0

3 P

27.0

6 A

44-0

43-6

393

8-3

9

30.05

29.87

29998

590

12 M

43-5

12 P

5 ■•3

47-7

41-3

6.4

10

30.25

30.05

30-237

525

3 P

36 0

12 P

44.3

42.5

39-0

9-2

II

30.29

30.18

30.246

34-5

3P

31-0

4A

_.3P:7

41.6

380

1.6

12

30,18

2992

30.006

55 5

2 p

43-5

7 A

49-5

49 5

45 7

0.0

13

30.13

2994

30.076

540

2:30 p

31.0

6a

42.5

44.2

370

7.8

'4

30.12

2970

29.979

46.0

2:30 p

32.0

7 A

39-0

40.7

34-3

I.I

'5

29.70

29.26

29-465

44 5

4 P

380

3 A

4'-3

40.1

35-5

0.0

i6

30.04

2959

29925

42.0

2 P

29.0

12 P

35-5

352

30.0

7-5

'7

30.38

30.04

30267

430

3 P

26.5

3A

34-7

32.2

28.3

4-7

i8

30.48

30.19

30.366

48.0

3P

20 0

7 A

34-0

31.9

24 0

6.9

•9

30.19

29 19

29-554

56.5

9P

26.5

0 A

41.5

423

44-3

0.0

20

29.67

29-23

29-445

480

2 p

39-0

9P

43-5

42.3

37-3

12

21

29.78

29.49

29686

50.0

2 p

3S.O

7:30 p

42-S

41.2

36.5

0.0

22

30.07

29.78

29-959

42.0

2 p

.305

7A

363

36.0

31.0

44

2V 30-19

3007

30.166

490

2 p

27.0

7A

38.0

34 4

3'-7

1-4

241 30-33

30.12

30.262

37-5

2 p

28.5

12 P

33 c

324

30.0

I.O

25 30.46

3031

30404

48.5

3:30 p

23-5

7 A

360

33.0

295

69

26 30.31

3007

30.218

50.0

4P

23.0

7 A

y6-5'

.33.2

29 0

6-3

271 30.07

2995

30.011

390

4P

24.0

7 A

31-5

32.5

30.7

0.0

28 3008

2995

30.011

58-5

2:30 P

32.5

7 A

45 5

40.7

337

45

29

29.96

2955

29718

44-0

10:30 A

30.0

I A

37-0

.384

34-0

0.0

30

30-07

29.65

29-937

41.0

2 P

26.5

12 P

33 7

34-7

30-0

6.2

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

1

-"recipitation.

fe

Total in

Q

0
0.

>

to

c 3 a-

I .

bi

c

'c

bi

Inches.

*

ID D 3

'rt t)
> <u

£5

3>s

S £ ^

ZZ 0

V

a

c
'So

'■5
c

W

c

0

c

I

47-5

419

78.0

S.

224

2.0

20

I A

2

42.0

353

75-5

W.N.W.

230 15-5

56

2 P

10 A

I P

•03

3

325

265

67-5

N.W.

3«2

7-5

39

3P

4

28 s

213

73-0

s w.

112

2.0

20

12 P

6p

12 P

.07

5

34 5

245

82.0

N.

251

3-0

24

7 P

6

30.0

23«

70.5

N.

267

6.0

34

8a

7

27-5

237

62.0

N.

269

6.0

34

9A

8

4<-5

319

82.5

N.N.E.

99

I 0

14

12 P

9

345

302

68.5

W.N.W.

226

1 0.0

44

7 P

10

35 5

259

8r.o

N.W.

328

7-0

37

10 A

1 1

36.5

244

88.0

S.S.W-

17

0.0

—

—

[2

42.0

357

75-5

S.

87

1-5

17

5 P

7 P

9P

.02

13

305

262

64.0

W.N.W.

235

155

56

II A

14

26.5

240

615

S.

i05

1.0

14

7P

7 P

12 P

.05

15

28.0

237

67s

W.N.W.

182

22.0

66

8p

0 A

7 P

.96

16

23.0

190

690

W.

476

13-0

51

3P

>7

24 0

167

790

W.

154

40

28

12 M

II A

T

18

145

152

57-5

N.W.

83

I.O

14

I A

»9

41.0

336

7S5

s.w.

139

6.0

34

8 P

8a

10 p

.76

20

320

247

74.0

s.w.

424

6.5

36

9A

21

32-5

242

75 5

w.s.w.

215

55

33

2 P

7A

8 p

.01

22

22.0

201

64 0

w.

248

2-5

22

12 M

23

255

198

69.5

s.w.

150

2.0

20

12 M

9P

0-5

24

27-5

170

92.0

N.

105

1-5

17

2 P

25

26.0

174

81.5

N.N.E.

34

0.0

—

—

26

26.S

169

86.5

N.N.E.

6

0.0

—

—

27

29.0

178

95°

N.N.E.

21

0-5

10

3P

2 p

4 P

.02

28

310

208

83-5

N.E.

41

0.5

10

10 A

29

29.0

217

75-5

N.

67

1.0

14

4 P

4A

9P

.28

30

2<-5

184

635

W.

225

30

24

I P

'Kain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

'Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during November was slightly warmer than usual and
the precipitation was somewhat deficient. During the first half of the
month the wind movement was unusually large and numerous gales
were registered on the pressure chart, — three showing a velocity of
more than fifty miles per hour. The fluctuations of pressure shown
by the barometer chart about the middle of the month were rather
unusual, especially the drop of an inch in twenty hours on the rgth.

The records of the several weather elements show the following
features of interest : The mean barometer was considerably less
than the normal and the maximum and minimum pressures were both
low. The range of pressure was practically normal. The total wind
movement was about twenty per cent, more than the usual and most
of the high wind was from the northwest quadrant.

The mean temperature was about one and one-half degrees higher
than the normal and the maximum and minimum for the month were
both several degrees above the usual values for these records. The
range of temperature was practically normal. During the last half of
the month there was comparatively little freezing weather and but
very little ice was formed.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both practically
normal.

The total precipitation was just one inch less than the normal
amount. Nearly the whole amount fell during the rapid falls of the
of the barometer on the 15 th and 19th.

The amount of sunshine recorded was a little less than usual.

The month closed with the temperature comparatively mild.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
DAVID POTTER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 324.

DECEMBER, 1915

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressnie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.19, 3rst, 12 P
Minimum reduced to freezing, 28.55, 26tii, 9 A
Reduced! maximum reading, 30.52, 31st, 12 p
Reducedt minimum reading, 28. 85, 26th, 9 A

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.949

Montiily range 1.67

*Air Temperatnre. In Degrees Fahr.

Higliest 53.0, 26th, 4:30 A

Lowest 2.0, 31st, 7 A

Mean hourly 26.6

Mean of means of max. and min 27.0

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 23.3

Monthly range 51.0

Highest mean daily 36.5, iSth

Lowest mean daily 16.3, 31st

Mean maximum 34.5

Mean minimum 19.4

Mean daily range 15. i

Greatest daily range 30.0, 26th

Least daily range 6,0, 29th

Hamidity.

Mean dew point 17.9

Mean force of vapor 162

Mean relative humidity

71.6

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation 5. 86

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 12

Total snow in inches T2.3

* Temperature in ground shelter.
t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 4947 m

Greatest daily movement 49om, 4th

Least daily movement iim, 31st

Mean daily movement 160 m

Mean hourly velocity 6.7 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 13.0 lbs =

Si m per hour, 26th, 2 .\, S.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 48m per

hour, 26th, 2 A, S.
Prevailing direction. West Northwest.

Summary.

Northwest 26 per cent

West Northwest 16 " "

South Southwest '3 " "

North 10 " "

South 10 " "

West Southwest 10 " "

North Northwest 10 •' "

Other directions 5 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 55 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 177 hours = 62 per cent

Number of clear days 9

Number of fair days 6

Number of cloudy days 16

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 106 hrs, = 38 per cent.
Rain. 2d, 8th, 9th, 13th, 14th, 17th, i8th, 23d,

25th, 26th, 28th, 29th.
Hail, 17th, 29th.
Snow. 2d. 6th, Sth, 9th, 13th, 14th, 19th, 20th,

26th, 2Sth, 29th.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour: 40m, loth,

N.W.: 49ni, 13th, IV.N.W.; 49m, 14th,

N.N.W,; 37m, 15th, W.. 37m, i8th, N.W.;

5tm, 26th, S.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

S2^

s-

e

S

a) g

E
3

s

E
3
S
'S

a;
S

rt X c

S52

J3

J3ro
2 3-5

3 c
0 3

g bj)

Q

30.19

2

S;/2

S

H

S

H

SS2

SKCl

sJ^^

m

I

30.06

30.161

41.0

3 P

21.5

4 A

31.3

28.0

22.7

7.2

2

30.17

30.08

30.101

33.0

2 p

23.0

7 A

28.0

27.9

25.7

0.0

3

30.09

29.96

30.018

390

2 P

24.0

12 P

31-5

30.4

26.0

5-0

4

30.08

2998

30.046

34-0

I p

175

7 A

25-7

26.3

22.3

6.5

5

30.09

3003

30.068

38.0

2 p

25.0

6a

315

29-7

24.3

6.0

6

30.11

30.00

30.061

33-5

3P

27.0

3A

30.3

30.7

27.7

9-4

7

30.19

30.08

30.146

33-0

2:30 p

20 0

12 P

26.5

2S.0

22.3

0.0

8

30.08

2953

29-723

3[.o

II p

18.0

2 A

245

24.6

23.5

0.0

9

29-53

29-37

29.432

350

2 p

23-5

12 P

29-3

28.4

22.7

0.1

lO

29.91

2952

29788

27 0

3P

17.0

9A

-22:0

22.0

17.0

5-1

II

30.12

29.91

30.099

28.0

3:30 p

15.5

7A

21.7

20.5

16.7

8.1

12

30.13

3003

30.081

36.0

3:30 P

9.0

7:30 A

22.5

20.9

14.3

0.0

13

30.03

2905

29623

32.0

II P

17.0

0 A

24.5

25.6

227

0.0

14

2957

29 02

29.361

32.0

7 A

22.0

12 P

27.0

269

21.7

0.0

15

29.88

29.57

29-733

25.0

2 P

i8.o

8a

2'-5

21.5

143

0.0

r6

30.18

29.88

30.038

32.0

2 P

12.0

12 P

22.0

21.6

167

0.0

17

30.19

2967

29.946

30.0

12 P

8.0

I A

' f 97o

18.0

16.5

0.0

18

29.68

"=9"

29.499

40.0

9 P

300

0 A

35-0

36.5

37.0

0 0

•9

3001

29.68

29.902

390

I A

29.0

12 P

340

34.7

30.7

5-3

20

30.12

29.99

30.095

32.5

3P

25-5

12 P

29 0

28.3

27.0

84

21

30.13

2995

30.076

340

2:30 p

15-5

12 P

24.7

22.6

17.7

8.0

22

30.32

30.13

30284

31.0

2:30 p

I I.O

4A

21.0

21.2

18 0

7-5

23

30.23

2980

30014

35.0

12 p

14.0

5A

24-5

26.3

24.7

5-0

24

30.18

2979

30.058

40.0

3P

280

7 A

34 0

340

30.7

0.5

25

30.19

29.55

29914

48.0

12 p

28.0

8:30 A

38.0

33-3

31-5

.0.5

26

30.04

28.85

29405

530

4:30 A

23.0

12 P

38.0

35-7

33-0

0.0

27

30.17

29.98

30.096

35-5

3 P

2[.0

3 A

28.0

28 8

27-3

7.1

28

30.02

2985

29.958

34.0

4:30 A

27.0

12 P

305

31.7

317

0.0

29

30.13

2972

29.972

27.0

0 A

21.0

II P

24.0

23.6

22.5

0.0

30

30.39

29.84

30.279

31.0

3P

95

12 P

20 3

207

165

8-3

31

30.52

30.26

30.435

30.5

6p

2.0

7 A~

"'16.3

16.3

8.0

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

i^

Total in

Q

0
p.

>

as

S 3 cr

R .'

bi
c

'c

bi

Inches.

Q

go, <

3 !>

ri3 s

U D S

'5 tj

> <u

3>s

a y u

^ 0

1)

H

W

0

c
in

I

11. 5

145

55-5

w.s.w.

50

0.5

10

2 P

2

19.0

152

73-0

w.s.w.

16

0.0

—

—

10 A

12 P

•03

0-3

3

20.5

155

75.0

w.s.w.

62

o-S

10

4 P

4

17-5

131

77-5

N.W.

104

30

24

6p

5

17.0

149

66.0

N.W.

64

3-0

24

12 M

6

21.0

171

68.5

N.

174

4.0

28

12 M

10 A

T

7

10.5

145

51 0

N.N.W.

288

5-0

32

I A

8

16.5

154

64.5

S.S.W.

175

0.5

10

12 M

SA

12 P

.12

0.7

9

12.5

144

56.5

W.N.W.

"5

50

32

.7 P

0 A

6p

.06

0-3

10

55

IIO

54-5

N.W.

426

8.0

40

3P

II

8.0

106

67.0

N.W.

305

4.0

28

10 A

12

7.0

096

67.5

N.N.W.

54

2 0

20

10 A

13

15.0

142

63.5

N.N.W.

143

12.0

49

10 P

6a

12 P

•51

6.0

14

70

144

44-5

N.W.

490

12.0

49

I A

0 A

5 A

•17

2.0

IS

-21.5

112

14.0

W.

336

7.0

37

12 M

i6

II 0

109

54-0

W.N.W.

154

30

24

I P

•7

12.5

093

78.0

N.W.

20

0.5

10

2 A

9A

12 P

1.08

i8

36.0

225

93-5

N.W.

133

7.0

37

6 p

0 A

7 P

1.30

19

26.0

189

77.0

W.N.W.

282

2-5

22

10 A

3 P

T

20

24 0

155

86.0

W.N.W.

208

30

24

10 A

8a

T

21

85

112

60 5

S.

89

3-0

24

10 A

22

11.5

114

68.0

S.

66

o-S

10

II P

23

23-5

142

96.0

S.

27

0.0

—

—

5 P

12 P

.19

24

28.S

180

88.0

S.W.

89

OS

10

3 P

25

29.0

185

89.5

E.N.E.

no

3-0

24

II P

5 P

12 P

1.20

26

31.0

200

91.5

W.N.W.

482

13.0

51

2 A

0 A

10 p

.40

T

27

25.0

156

86.5

S S.W.

126

I.O

14

9A

28

30.0

183

92.5

S.S.W.

30

0.0

—

10 A

8 p

.26

T

29

21.0

124

93-0

N.W.

122

30

24

4 P

10 A

12 p

•54

2.0

30

135

099

84.5

N.

196

1.0

14

I I A

31

14.0

106

82.0

N.

II

0.0

~

**Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

*Includedin following day.

Annual Summary for 1915.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, ......

Minimum reduced to freezing,

Maximum reduced to freezing and sea-level,
Minimum reduced to freezing and sea-level,
Mean reduced to freezing and sea-level, . . .
Annual range,

30.26, Feb. 19th, 8 A.

28.55. Dec. 26th, 9 A.

30.58, Feb. 19th, 8 A.

. 28.85, Dec. 26th, 9 A.

29.992

1-73

*Air Temperature. In degrees Fahr.
Highest, .... 93.0, Sept. gth, 4P.; 15th, 1:30 p.

Lowest, —4-0, Jan. 5th, 8 A.

Mean hourly, 47-6

Mean of means of max. and min., 48.4

Mean sensible (v^fet bulb) , 43-3

Annual range, 97-0

Highest mean daily, 79-4. Sept. 15

Lowest mean daily, 7-8, Jan. 30

Mean maximum, 58.6

Mean minimum, 38.3

Mean daily range, 20.3

Greatest daily range, 43-5. May 31

Least daily range, 3.0, May 17

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 38.8

Mean force of vapor, 381

Mean relative humidity, 75.6

Wind.

Prevailing direction, West Northwest

Summary.

Northewst, 14 per cent.

South Southwest 11 " "

West, 10 " "

South 10 " "

West Northwest 10 " "

North Northwest 10 " "

Other directions, 33 " "

Total movement, 50.486 m

Greatest daily movement, .... 555 m., Mar. 3

Least daily movement, i m., Jan. 4

Mean daily movement, 141 m

Mean hourly velocity, 5-9 m

*Temperature in ground shelter.

Ma.ximum pressure per square foot, 22.0 lbs. =66
m. per hour, Nov. 15, 8?., W.N.W.

Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 48 m. per
hour, July 5th, 10 A., S..S.E.; Sept. 26th, yp ,
W.; Nov. 15th, 9P.,W.N.W., Dec.26th,2A.,S.

Precipitation. In inches.
Total precipitation, rain or melted snow, . 5i-58
Number of days on which .01 or more rain

or melted snow fell, 122

Snow total in inches, 40.8

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, 43 per cent.

Total cloudiness recorded by Sun Thermom-
eter, 2230 hrs.=5o per cent.

Number of clear days, 82

Number of fair days, . . 156

Number of cloudy days, 127

Bright Sunshine-
Number of hours recorded, 2224 hrs.=5o per cent.

Dates of Frosts.

Last, May 20th

First, Sept. 23d

Dates of Snow.

Last April 3d

First, Nov. 17th

Total days of sleighing, 50

Gales of 50 or More Miles Per Hour.

Jan. 13th, 50m., N.; Mar 26th, 57m., W.: April
3d, 50m, N.; June 19th, 62m., S.S.W.; July
5th 57m., S S.E.: Sept. 26th, 54m, W.; Nov.
2d, 56 m, W.N.W.; 13th, 56m,W.N.W.; 15th.
66m W.N.W.; i6th 51m, W.N.W.; Dec.
25th, 51m. S.

DAVID POTTER,

Observer.

J. E. OSTRANDER,

Aleteorolasisi.

BULLETIN No. 325.

JANUARY, 1916

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground^ 51 ft- Above sea levels 273-5 fi-
Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

PressnTe. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.31, 8th, 9 a;

2Qth, 10 A.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.17, 5th, 12 p
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.64, 8th, 9 A
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.47, 5th, 12 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.184

Monthly range 1.17

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 57.5, 28th, 9:30 A

Lowest —5-0, 15th, 7 :30A

Mean hourly 27.9

Mean of means of max. and min 27.7

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 25.8

Monthly range 62.5

Highest mean daily 49.1, 27th

Lowest mean daily 8.2 15th

Mean maximum 36.1

Mean minimum 19.5

Mean daily range -. . . . 16.6

Greatest daily range 32.0, 28th

Least daily range 6.0, 12th

Hamidity.

Mean dew point 21.4

Mean force of vapor 166

Mean relative humidity 81.4

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation 2.56

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 9

Total snow in inches 5.0

• Temperature in gjround shelter.

t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 6341 m

Greatest daily movement 435m, 14th

Least daily movement I7ni, ist

Mean daily movement 205 m

Mean hourly velocity 8.5 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 25.0 lbs =

71 m per hour, 23d, i A, W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36m per

hour, 23d, I A, W.
Prevailing direction. West.

Summary.

North 19 per cent

South Southwest '3 " "

West 16 " "

South 13 " "

Northwest 16 " "

Other directions 23 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 44 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 154 hours = 52 per cent

Number of clear days 13

Number of fair days 3

Number of cloudy days 15

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 140 hrs, = 48 per cent.
Rain, ist, 2d, 3d, 5th, loth, 13th, 20th, 27th,
30th.

Hail, ist, 2d, 20th.

Snow, 2d. 3d, loth, i6th, 17th, 20th, 30th.

Days of Sleighinti, 23.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour; 35m, 4th,
S.S.W.; 36m, 5th, S.S.W.: 44m, 6th,
N.W.; 40m, 14th, N.W.; 41m, 17th,
W.N.W.; 59m, 22d, W.; 71m, 23d,W.; 44m,

2Sth, W.S

; 59m
s.w.

DAILY SUMMARY

Barometer Reduced to

0 ^

Sea Level.

Temperature, liroiin

d Shelter.

inS

3
E

71

E

3
E
'S

5^
"rt

u

S
3
E

V

s

3

E

c

6

S

■X3

2 i.s

>. 1-.'

2g2

J2
iJ3

3 a
0 a

Z.S?

Q

30.29

i

^■ri

S

H

S

r"

sss

SKQ

^^$

ffl

I

29.85

30.011

330

5 P

20.0

3A

26.5

26.6

25.7

0.0

2

30.01

29.73

29.851

36.0

3P

23.0

6 A

29.5

31.2

295

0.0

3

30.07

29.74

29.884

35.5

II A

20.0

12 P

277

31.2

27.5

3-5

4

30-39

30.04

30294

29.0

12 P

II.O

7:30 A

20 0

20.5

18.3

7.0

5

30.04

29.47

29.708

43.0

12 P

29.0

0 A

36.0

35-7

36.0

0.6

6

30.28

29.47

30.007

45-0

2 A

18.0

12 P

31-5

29.5

24.5

8.9

7

30.54

30.28

30.399

27.0

2 A

8.0

12 P

I7-S

17.9

13.0

6.8

8

30.64

30.53

30.573

16.0

2 P

0.0

7:30 A

8.0

8.7

5.5

6.7

9

30.62

30.41

30.506

23 0

2:30 P

-2.0

8a

10.5

9.3

6.0

8.1

10

30-41

29.74

29.948

35-0

8 P

13.0

0 A

24.0

25.8

26.3

0.0

II

30.20

29.74

30.012

40.0

1:30?

28.0

12 P

340

33.8

30.0

4.5

12

30.44

30.20

30.379

25.0

II P

19.0

9:30 A

22.0

23.8

20 5

0.0

13

30.33
30.40

29.S8
30.09

30.047
30215

37.0
31.0

4 P
DA

24.0
4.0

12 P
12 P

30.5

30.5
17.5

29.5

II.O

2-3

14

17.5

8.2

15

30-53

30.15

30.408

19.0

2:30 P

-5.0

7:30 A

7.0

8.2

63

7-|

16

30-15

29.63

29.763

32.0

3P

19.0

0 A

25.5

24.5

22.3

li

17

29-93

29.59

29.786

24.0

0 A

100

8 A

17.0

13.4

9.0

6.6

18

30.13

29.91

30.017

19.0

2 P

6.0

0 A

12.5

11.5

7.7

7.7

'9

30.57

30.13

30.397

23.0

3P

8.0

6:30 A

155

15.6

11.3

7.9

20

30.61

30.16

30.431

36.0

12 P

170

3A

26.5

249

255

0.0

21

30.40

30.17

30340

43.0

3P

36.0

0 A

39.5

39-6

38.3

I.O

22

30.21

29.71

29.872

51.0

3P

37.0

5:30 A

44.0

44 4

45.0

19

23

30.41

2984

30.242

430

2 A

28.5

11:30 P

35.7

34.4

30.5

8.2

24

30.61

3041

30.571

41.0

I P

22.0

2 A

31.5

34.6

33 3

8.1

25

30.55

30.37

30.447

48.0

3 P

30.0

0 A

390

3Q.S

39.0

4.1

26

30.43

30-36

30.421

53.0

3P

405

6 A

46.7

46.2

44-7

6.3

27

30.40

30.07

30.278

55.0

8:30 p

45.0

10 A

50.0

. 49.1

49 7

3-3

28

30.40

29.92

30.070

57.5

9:30 A

25.5

12 P

41.5

43.7

40.5

2.5

29

30.63

30.5'

30.571

340

4P

16.5

7:30 A

253

24.5

21.3

7.2

3c

30.53

30.01

30.292

325

12 p

20.5

3:30 A

265

27.3

26.7

00

31

30.09

29.83

29.972

51.0

5P

32.0

I A

41.5

42.2

42.5

.3.5

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

fel

Total in

0)

Q

0

a.

>

M

m if)
S.2

H 3 o-

R _

bi

c

'c

bi

Inches.

*

c •" c

u

c t;'G

'5 tj

"::; ^■•'

'^ ^'ji

tn v^

OJ

c

c

a-'

.t!

a

0

<D 0) 3

> <u

01 -

Its

rt 0) !_

a 3
— 0

'Si

c

"a

2i

0

c

I

24.0

144

94.0

N.

17

1.0

14

6p

3A

12 P

.18

2

26.5 .

173

84.0

E.N.E.

126

0-5

10

5A

0 A

12 P

.62

2.75

3

23.0

166

76.0

W.N.W.

319

2.0

20

2 A

0 A

5 A

.11

T

4

15-5 ■

108

85.0

N.

240

6.0

35

12 P

5

325

225

87.0

s.s.w.

378

6.5

36

5 P

2 A

10 A

.11

6

21.0

145

82.0

N.W.

242

9-5

44

8a

7

10.0

085

82.5

N.W.

80

30

24

3 P

8

-4.0

067

62.5

N.W.

150

3-0

24

8 a

9

I.O

062

82.5

N.

67

1.0

14

0 A

lO

24.0

155

88 5

N.

59

1-5

17

8 p

10 A

II P

.48

1-75

[I

27.5 .

176

85.0

W.

190

3-0

24

4P

12

15.5

133

765

N.

150

2-5

22

5A

13

29-5 •

15'

89.5

N.W.

149

3-5

26

8 p

I A

I P

•77

>4

45 •

084

72.5

N.W.

435

80

40

4P

IS

-1. 5 .

071

66.5

S.S.W.

225

3-0

24

8 P

i6

18.S .

131

78.0

S.

190

5-0

32

10 P

6a

T

•7

0.5

074

6.-5

W.

367

8.5

41

7 A

7A

4 P

T

.8

1.5

068

715

W.S.W.

247

3-5

26

2 P

'9

60

065

705

W.

268

5-5

33

2 P

20

23.0

150

80.0

S.

175

3-0

24

6p

10 A

2 P

.09

0.5

21

35-5

247

86.0

S.S.E.

202

1-5

17

0 A

22

40.5

3'5

80.0

S.W.

322

17-5

59

12 P

23

27.0

184

80.0

W.

420

25.0

71

I A

24

29.0

211

75-5

W.S.W.

90

2.5

22

7 P

25

38.0

249

91.5

S.s.w.

208

2-5

22

10 A

26

440

304

94.0

s.

148

1-5

17

3A

27

485

369

93-5

s.

93

4-5

30

II p

I A

5 A

.08

28

38.0

280

84.0

w.

317

9-5

44

II A

29

.6.5

127

77.0

N.

236

4.0

28

7 A

30

25.0

150

94.0

E.S.E.

50

1-5

17

II A

6a

II p

.12

T

31

41.S

2^3

94.0

S.S.W.

181

5-0

32

I P

**Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

*Includedin following day.

REMARKS

The weather during January was unusually variable ; ranging from
midwinter conditions during the first part of the month to early
spring conditions near the close of the month. The variations in
temperature presented, resulted in a monthly range of temperature
considerably larger than usual. The precipitation was considerably
less than the normal and nearly all of it occurred during the first half
of the month. A generally high barometer prevailed during the
month and while there were a number of fluctuations of considerable
magnitude, the range of pressure was only about two-thirds of the
normal amount.

A comparison of the records for the month of the several weather
elements with the normals for this station, shows the following char-
acteristics of interest : The mean barometer was more than one-tenth
of an inch above the normal and the highest January record since
1907. The maximum pressure was lower than usual and the mini-
mum rather high, resulting in the small range referred to above. The
total wind movement was about one-fourth more than the normal and
numerous gales were recorded, Nearly all the wind was from the
westerly points of the compass.

The mean temperature was more than three degrees above the
normal, due to the comparatively high temperatures during the last
third of the month. The maximum temperature was over six degrees
higher than the normal value, while the minimum was two degrees
higher. Zero temperature was reached on only three dates.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both several points
above the normal value.

The total precipitation was nine-tenths of an inch less than the
normal and only five inches of snow occurred.

The records for sunshine and cloudiness were not far from average
value.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

DAVID POTTER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 326.

FEBRUARY. 1916

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 27J.^ ft.
Height oj Wi?i(i Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressuie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.27, 14th, i P
Minimum reduced to freezing,28.45, 25th, i? p
Reducedt ma.ximum reading, 30.60, 14th, i p
Reducedt minimum reading, 28.76, 25th, 12 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.005

Monthly range 1.84

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 47.5,1st, OA

Lowest —16.0, 15th, 9 A

Mean hourly 20.4

Mean of means of max. and min 20.1

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 17.8

Monthly range 63.5

Highest mean daily 40.7, ist

Lowest mean daily 1.3 15th

Mean maximum 28.6

Mean minimum 11. 5

Mean daily range 17

Greatest daily range 39-57 1 5th

Least daily range 5-57 12th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 13.0

Mean force of vapor 116

Mean relative humidity 79.9

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation 5.27

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell M

Total snow in inches .... 16^

* Temperature in ground shelter.

t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 5504 m

Greatest daily movement 519m, 28th

Least daily movement 37m, 17th

Mean daily movement 190 m

Mean hourly velocity 7.9 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 16.0 lbs =

57 m per hour, 28th, 3 A, W.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36m per

hour, 28th, 4 A, W.N.W.
Prevailing direction. West Northwest.

Summary.

North 14 per cent

South Southwest io "

West f . . 17 "

West Northwest 10 "

Northwest 21 "

Other directions 28 "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 59 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 156 hours = 53 per cent

Number of clear days 8

Number of fair days 9

Number of cloudy days 12

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 140 hrs, = 47 per cent
Rain, ist, 6th, i8th, 23d, 24th, 25th, 26th.
Hail. 23d.
Snow, 2d. 3d, 8th, 9th, nth, 12th, 13th, i6th

17th, 18th, 23d. 26th, 27th.
Days of Sleighing. 28.
Gales. 35 or more miles per hour: 54m, 7th,

W.N,VV.; 47m, 8th, W.; 36m, loth, W.;

51m, igth, W.; 46m, 27th, W.N.W.; 57m,

28th, W.N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barome

S

ter Reduced to
ea Level.

Temperature. Groui

id Shelter.

° S

3

6

C9

E

S

'2

e

3

E

i

a

3
E
'c

V

-0

s is

u 0 2

3 C
0 3

Q

S

'■B,

SJ^

S

ti^

S

H

sss

SKQ

ffl

I

30.28

29.83

30092

47-5

0 A

31-5

12 P

39.5

40.7

38-7

0.0

2

30-39

30-17

30.311

31.5

0 A

19.5

12 P

25.5

24.2

22.7

O.I

3

30.28
3047

30.03
30.28

30.104
30.418

27.0
24.5

2:30?

3P

16.5

9-5

12 P
8:30 A

21.7

21. 1
157

19.0
II. 5

5-3

4

17.0

9.2

5

30.38

30.11

30.234

30.0

10 p

11.5

7:30 A

207

21.8

,8.7

4.9

6

30.15

29.78

30.021

40.0

31^

18.5

9A

29.3

30-9

28.3

3-3

7

30.06

29.60

29.769

37-5

10:30 A

14.5

12 P

26.0

27.6

24-3

2.8

8

30.40

30.06

30.319

26.0

II A

12.5

4:30 A

193

18.2

16.0

6.7

9

30.31

3003

30 103

30.5

10:30 A

15.0

3A

22.7

22.2

21.3

4.5

10

30.34

3005

30.201

30.5

10:30 A

21.0

12 P

25.7

26.9

25.3

8.3

II

3047

30.30

30.394

22.0

I P

9-5

8 A-

Y5.7

173

12.5

4.4

12

30.35

30.12

30.236

18.5

0 A

13.0

10 P

15.7

16.6

150

0.0

•3

30.49

30.25

30.350

20.0

3:30 P

6-5

12 P

133

14.6

12.7

0.0

t4

30.60

30.49

30.379

12.5

3:30 P

-7.0

12 P

2.7

1.8

-3.0

7.8

'5

30.54

30.20

30.328

23-5

5 P

-16.0

9A

3-7

1-3

-3-3

7.8

i6

30.16

29.85

29-993

30.5

5P

-0.5

8a

150

16.5

12.5

6.1

'7

29.85

29.79

29.812

41.0

3 P

25.0

I A

33.0

29.9

27.0

3-9

i8

29.78

2934

29-548

34-5

3P

24.0

12 P

293

30.5

29.5

0.0

'9

29.92

2934

29.630

12.0

4P

2.0

12 P

7.0

9.1

4.3

9.8

20

30.17

299'

29.969

195

3P

-4.0

5A

11

1 0.0

8.3

5-7

21

30.50

29 88

30.401

13.0

4:30 p

-4-5

7:30 A

43

3-1

-17

10.0

22

30.30

29.87

30.108

37-5

4 P

-2.0

I A

17.7

20.7

19-3

8.1

23

30.01

29.82

29.911

33-0

I P

21.5

7 A

27.3

27.5

293

0 0

24

30.24

2988

30.120

31.5

2:30 p

17.5

8a

. 24 ■)

26.5

2[ 7

3-7

25

29.88

28.76

29.354

42.5

7 P

29.5

0 A

36.0

365

36.5

0 0

26

29.37

28.76

29 151

38.5

3A

255

12 P

32.0

31-5

297

0.0

27

29.41

2924

29.311

25.5

0 A

lO.O

12 P

17.7

17.2

14.3

8.6

28

29.81

29.41

29 669

21.0

2 P

7.0

3A

14.0

12.9

11.5

8.2

29

30.03

29.81

29.913

29.0

4 P

7.5

3'.3o A

18.3

17.7

15.5

10.3

DAILY SUMMARY.

K

umidity

Wind.

Precipitation.

1 ^

Total in

4)

Q

u

>

ij

1-*

c

bJb

Inches.

*

Q

2a.

<u i) a

"5 tj

5>i

HS.S

rt g 1-

t:^ 0

0)

H

B

'si

c
W

0

c

I

36.5

.251

85.0

N.W.

169

4.5

30

4P

0 A

5 A

.04

2

20.5

.128

90.0

N.W.

230

3-5

26

5 P

7 A

12 P

.12

1

3

16.0

.110

86.0

W.N.W.

280

55

33

4 P

0 A

5 P

.20

li

4

7-5

.081

78.0

W.S.W.

223

2-5

22

I P

5

14.0

.u8

76.0

S.

86

2.0

20

3 P

6

25-5

.171

87-5

S.S.W.

75

I.O

14

3P

8p

T

7

21.0

.147

84.0

W.

309

14.5

54

3 P

8

10 0

.101

70.0

W.

233

1 1.0

47

5A

8p

12 p

.12

I-i

9

19.0

.122

86.5

E.S.E.

189

0-5

10

I A

0 A

5A

.06

h

lO

23-5

•143

880

W.

235

6.5

36

9A

II

8.0

.086

75-5

W.S.W.

140

2.0

20

4A

2 P

12 P

.48

2I

12

12.0

.088

81.0

N.N.W.

92

1-5

17

II P

0 A

12 P

•79

4i

13

lO.O

.083

86.0

N.

350

50

32

7 P

0 A

7 P

■83

4-i

14

-205

•043

38-5

N.

235

5-0

32

10 A

IS

-34-5

.049

385

N.N.E.

38

00

—

—

i6

«-5

.098

825

SE.

44

0-5

10

5 P

9 P

12 P

.08

'i

17

26.0

•154

44-5

S.S.W.

37

0.0

—

0 A

T

T

.8

27.5

.172

87.5

N.W.

44

4.0

28

12 p

2 P

9P

•19

•i

191 -5 5

■059

58.5

N.W.

420

13.0

51

4P

20

3-0

.072

76.0

S.W.

138

.4.0

28

4 P

21

-6.5

•043

75-0

W.

133

4.0

28

6a

22

14 0

.124

76.0

S.S.W.

178

3-5

26

12 M

23

23-5

•143

88.0

W.

70

1.0

14

3 P

12 M

3P

.21

T

24

19.0

.128

800

N.

120

1.0

14

12 P

12 M

12 p

.27

25

35 5

.221

95-5

N.

218

2-5

22

4A

0 A

12 p

1. 14

26

280

•173

89.5

N.W.

224

3-0

24

6 P

0 A

I p

•74

T

27

ii.S

.089

86.5

W.N.W.

384

10.5

46

12 P

6p

T

T

28

lo.s

•075

93-0

W.N.W.

519

16.0

57

3A

29

•2.5

.095

84.0

N.W.

91

30

24

4 P

'Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

*Included in following day.

REMARKS

During February the weather was cold and wintry without excep-
tion. The highest temperature was recorded at the beginning of the
first day of the month, and zero temperature was reached on several
dates. Following the high temperature which prevailed during the
last part of January, the low temperature of the month was especi-
ally noticeable. The precipitation was large, especially the snow-
fall, and sleighing was continuous after the first day. The snow
storm of the nth — 13th was one of the heaviest in recent years
here.

An examination of the records of the several weather elements
shows the following as the most important features. The mean
barometer was nearly normal and the range unusually large, owing
to the very low minimum record. Owing to the breaking of the
Draper barometer, the maximum and minimum pressures, after the
nth, were taken from a barograph, and are not as precise as the
Draper records. The marked barometric activity resulted in a total
wind movement considerably more than the normal.

The mean temperature was nearly four degrees lower than the
normal and more than seven degrees lower than the mean of the
preceding month. The minimum temperature was about eight de-
grees lower than the normal value for this feature and gave a large
range for the month.

The mean dew point was about four degrees below the normal and
the relative humidity slightly higher than usual.

The total precipitation was two inches more than the normal, and
was well distributed throughout the month. The amount of cloudi-
ness was considerably more than usual.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
DAVID POTTER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 327.

MARCH, 1916

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, ^73-5 fl-
Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.12, 2d, 3 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 28.87, 8th, 1? p
Reduced! maximum reading, 30.44, 2d, 3 A
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.19, 8th, 12 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.955

Monthly range 1.25

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 66.0, 31st, 3:30 P

Lowest 0.0, nth, 11 P

Mean hourly 26.4

Mean of means of max. and min 26.8

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 25.2

Monthly range 66.0

Highest mean daily 49.0, 30th

Lowest mean daily lo.o 17th

Mean maximum 36.7

Mean minimum 16.9

Mean daily range 19.8

Greatest daily range 43.5, 26th

Least daily range 8.0, 9th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 22.4

Mean force of vapor 156

Mean relative humidity 86.8

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation 3.97

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 12

Total snow in inches .... 22

* Temperature in ground shelter.

t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 5556m

Greatest daily movement 461m, i6th

Least daily movement i8m, 27th

Mean daily movement 147 m

Mean hourly velocity 6.1 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, lo.o lbs =

45 m per hour, 9th, 12 M, \V.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30m per

hour, 9th, i,p, W.
Prevailing direction. West.
Summary.

North Northwest 13 per cent

North 13 " "

West 19 " "

Northeast 10 " "

.South Southwest 10 " "

West Northwest 16 " "

Other directions iQ " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 43 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 154 hours = 42 per cent

Number of clear days 15

Number of fair days 8

Number of cloudy days 8

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 217 hrs, = 58 per cent

Rain. 5th, 6th, 7th.

Snow. 2d. sth, 6th, 7th, 8th, gth, loth, 13th'

14th, 15th, 19th, 2ISt, 22d.

Days of Sleighing, 29.

Gales. 35 or more miles per hour: 39m, ist,

N.N.W.; 40m, 4th, W.N.W.: 38m, 5th,

W.N.W.; 45m, 9th, W.; 35m, 10th, S.S.W.;

35m, 13th, W.N.W.; 3Sm, i6th, N.W.; 37m,

23d, W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

0 S

in j=

C4

S

S
'a

>>

'3

.T3

C -
CS c

S

s

S

S
3
H
c

6

i is

>. 1-,'
So2

Q

s

2

2c«

:3

H

i

H

sss

Sffia

SJj^

M

I

30.41

29.97

30-275

28.5

5P

II.O

6:30 A

19.7

19.8

17-3

9.6

2

3044

30.04

30.119

24.0

4P

14.0

9A

19.0

19.8

18.7

0.7

3

30.09

3004

30067

29-5

3:30 P

18.5

5A

24.0

22.5

19.7

9-4

4

30.10

2971

29.929

26.0

2 P

12.5

10 P

193

199

16.3

9.8

s

30-32

29.65

29 960

25.0

I P

12.0

12 P

18.5

176

14-3

8.3

6

30-31

30.19

30.285

23-0

1 0:30 A

6.0

4 A

14-5

17.0

18.0

6.0

7

30.19

29-57

29.607

31-5

I P

17-5

0 A

24-5

275

28.0

0.4

8

29.61

29.19

29-391

31.0

0 A

18.S

II P

24-7

25-5

23-3

0.0

9

29.89
29.86

2919
29.56

29681
29.701

27.0
31.0

8a

II A

19 0
17.0

0 A
12 P

23.0

22.2

23-7

22.0
23-3

6.5

lO

24.0

2.7

II

30.25

29.86

30.064

26.5

I P

0.0

II P

13-3

18.2

18.0

10.5

12

30.20

29.92

30.091

34 -o

8a

3-5

0 A

18.7

28.3

31-3

9.1

13

29.92

2950

29.641

39-0

4P

27-5

12 P

33-3

330

31-7

6.7

M

29.98

2987

29.974

38.0

I P

25-5

5A

3'-7

21.0

28.5

3-6

'5

30-03

2994

29.991

30.0

0 A

15.0

9A

22.5

178

16.3

0.0

16

29.97

29.79

29.844

24.5

7:30 A

7.0

12 P

rS-7

1 6.0

157

9-5

'7

30.06

2986

29.949

20.0

1:30 P

1-5

4A

107

1 0.0

8.7

10.5

18

30.20

30.07

30 156

22.0

4P

2-5

0 A

12.3

11.9

II.O

8.8

'9

30.1 1

2981

29.979

29.0

4:30 p

10 0

6a

195

19.0

17.0

9-5

20

30.22

3005

30.178

27.0

2:30 P

18.0

9iA

22.5

22.3

19-5

9.6

21

29.97

29.63

29.823

36-5

4:30 p

200

4 A

28.3

27.0

257

7-4

22

29.63

.29-45

29.687

380

1 P

12.5

7A

25-3

22.3

20.5

0.0

23

30.06

29.45

29.918

35-0

2:30 P

16.0

3A

25-5

25.4

26.5

10.7

24

30- '3

30.05

30095

40.0

2:30 P

12.0

5:30 A

-2b.o

27.9

25.0

8-5

25

30.21

3003

30.127

55-0

2 P

23-5

6a

39-3

38.6

35-7

107

26

30- "3

30.04

30.120

65.0

4 P

21.5

7 A

43-3

41.7

413

1 1.4

27

30.14

30.00

30.070

63-5

4:30 P

30 0

6 a

467

42.2

40.3

8-5

28

30.04

29.86

29946

58.5

4 P

26.5

7 A

42.5

42.0

40 0

8.9

29

29.98

29.88

29.944

50.0

3 P

3'-5

4:30 A

40.7

41.8

39 5

0.4

30

3009

29.98

30.036

64.0

3 P

40 0

3A

52.0

49.0

43-7

8.9

3'

30.11

30.01

30.066

66.0

3"-3o P

35-5

5A-

50.7

48.4

44-3

10.8

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

fe

Total in

Q

u

0

0.

>

■^73.

ll

V en

1h

c
'S

bL

Inches.

J.

rt3 £

<u 4) a

> <U

0 0'*
H2.S

rt 0) t.

.- 0

6

S
H

a
W

0
c

I

13-5

.103

80-5

E.

108

7-5

39

10 A

2

175

.108

92.0

N.N.W.

84

I.O

14

2 P

I A

10 A

.08

h

3

16.5

.114

83.0

N.N.W.

174

3-5

26

10 A

4

13.0

.098

80.0

W.N.W.

398

8.0

40

2 P

5

10 0

.065

78.0

W.

215

7.0

38

4P

II A

T

T

6

16.0

.104

88.5

S.S.W.

92

1-5

17

4 P

3 P

12 P

.76

I

7

27.0

.156

94-5

N.N.W.

100

2.0

20

4 A

0 A

12 P

.08

i

8

22.0

•134

84-5

N.

199

5-0

32

5 P

0 A

7 P

1.08

2i

9

20.5

.124

92.5

W.

379

lO.O

45

12 M

0 A

7 P

•17

d

lO

21.5

.129

90.0

S.S.W.

294

6.0

35

12 M

3A

10 A

.09

i

II

17.0

.103

91.0

W.N.W.

142

4.0

28

9A

12

29.5

.180

92-5

W.

75

2.0

20

II P

13

30-5

.183

92.5

W.

294

6.0

35

ID A

2 A

8a

■38

s4

14

26.S

.163

89.5

N.N.W.

145

0.0

—

5 P

12 p

.27

3

IS

150

.095

90.5

N.

354

3-5

26

2 A

0 A

II p

.48

4i

i6

12.0

.099

81.0

W.

461

70

38

4 P

'7

7.0

.068

92.0

W.N.W.

266

5-5

33

10 A

i8

8.5

.076

85.0

W.

108

0.5

10

10 A

19

15.0

•103

91.0

W.N.W.

156

2-5

22

12 M

0 A

4A

.04

i

20

17.0

•i'3

85.5

W.S.W.

218

2.0

20

9A

21

235

.145

88.5

S.S.W.

107

1.0

14

10 A

0 A

II A

•15

li

22

195

.114

95-5

N.W.

106

2.0

20

II P

8 A

ID P

•39

3

23

18.5

•139

83.5

W.N.W.

375

7.0

37

10 A

24

22.5

.146

87.5

W.S.W.

200

3-0

24

II A

25

34-0

.226

86.0

N.E.

99

4-5

30

I P

26

390

.285

86.5

^ N.

70

1.0

14

8 P

27

37-5

.274

84.0

S.

18

0.0

—

—

28

37-0

.272

81.0

E.S.E.

40 0.5

10

6 p

29

36.0

.267

80.5

N.E.

95 4-0

28

10 A

30

405

■313

82.0

N.E.

no 4.5

30

2 P

31

415

.329

81.0

N.

74

1.0

14

8a

**Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

*[ncluded in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during March was in many respects the most wintry
of the season. The snowfall was exceptionally large and traffic was
blocked to a considerable extent. The temperature was much
below the normal, in fact, the mean for the month was about average
midwinter temperature. The total snowfall for the season was 56
inches — an unusually large amount. Shortly after the equinoctial
date the weather turned warmer and by the end of the month nearly
all the snow in this vicinity had disappeared without causing ex-
tremely high water. The total number of days of sleighing during
the winter was about one hundred.

The mean barometer was comparatively low, and was smaller than
usual. The maximum and minimum barometer up to the 25th are
taken from barograph readings, after that the Draper barometer re-
cords are used.

The total wind movement was slightly below the normal although
several high daily records were made. No extremely high velocities
were recorded on the pressure chart. Up to the last week nearly all
the wind was from the westerly points of the compass.

The mean hourly temperature was more than seven degrees below
the normal, making it the coldest March since this station was estab-
lished. Other low March records taken from Professor Snell's rec-
ords at Amherst College are, 1888, 26.8; 1887, 26.4; 1863, 26.1;
1856, 25.9 ; 1843, 24.5. These however are taken from maximum
and minimum daily readings. The range of temperature was unus-
ually large owing to the high temperature at the close of the month.

The mean dewpoint was low owing to the low temperature of the
month.

The total precipitation was nearly normal and nearly all of it
occurred as snow. The snowfall of 22 inches was the largest of any
month of the winter. The amount of sunshine was considerably
more than the normal.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

DAVID POTTER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 328.

APRIL, 19 16

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 22J.^ ft.
Height of Wind Ifistmnwits 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 29.97, 16th, 9 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.03, 8th, 11 P
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.27, i6th, 9 A
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.34, 8th, up

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.917

Monthly range 0.94

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 73-5, 3oth, 3 p

Lowest 28.0, 3d, 6:30 A

Mean hourly . .43-9

Mean of means of max. and min 44.6

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 40.5

Monthly range 45-5

Highest mean daily 56.3, 30th

Lowest mean daily 32-5 9th

Mean maximum 54.1

Mean minimum 35-1

Mean daily range i9-o

Greatest daily range 40.0, i6th

Least daily range 3-5i 4th

Hnmidity.

Mean dew point 37.4

Mean force of vapor 283

Mean relative humidity 81.2

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation 3.69

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 11

Total snow in inches 4.t

* Temperature in ground shelter.

t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 4836 m

Greatest daily movement 424m, 15th

Least daily movement .38m, 20th

Mean daily movement 161 m

Mean hourly velocity 6,7 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 18.5 lbs =

61 m per hour, 15th, 10 A, N.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 48m per

hour, 15th, 10 A, N.
Prevailing direction. West.

Summary.

Northeast 17 per cent

East 13 " "

West 20 " "

Northwest 10 " "

Other directions 40 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 65 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 279 hours = 69 per cent

Number of clear days 5

Number of fair days 8

Number of cloudy days 17

Briight Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 123 hrs, = 31 per cent
Rain, ist, 4th, 6th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 17th, 21st,

22d, 73d, 24th, 26th, 27th, 28th.
Snow. 4th, 6th, 8th, 9th, 14th.
Hail. 9th.

Frosts, after the 15th — 2Sth.
Gales. 35 or more miles per hour: 35m, 2d,

N,\V.; 39m, 7th, W.N.W.; 40m, 9th, N.;

35m, 12th, N.; 6im, 15th,' N.; 43m, i8th,

N.W.; 39m, 19th, N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

0 S

i

S

£

.-13
C -

rt a

S

s

a
£

o3

£

T3

1 i.a

rt 3 rt
ID 0 £

-Q

a

30-13

S

^m

s

• H

s

H

sss

sia

Sm^

M

I

29.79

29.913

65.0

1:30 P

36.0

6:30 A

50-s

48.7

43-7

6.6

2

30.09

29.79

29.924

49-0

5 1^

35-5

12 P

42.3

43-8

40.0

4.1

3

30.22

30.09

30.208

55-5

4:30 p

28.0

6:30 A

41.7

39-9

330

8.7

4

30-23

29.9S

30-145

37-0

I A

33-5

6a

353

340

32-3

0.0

5

30.04

29.87

29-973

54-0

2 P

32.5

0 A

43-3

42.4

38-7

8.6

6

30.04

2982

29939

5«-5

3P

295

3'-30 A

44-0

, 42.2

39 -o

6.3

7

30.11

29.87

29.982

45 5

3^

31-5

r2 P

38:5"

371

330

6.3

8

30.08

2934

29.719

43-0

2 p

28.5

5 A

35-7

34-'

3'-3

0.0

9

29.64

29.38

29.472

37-5

3:30 p

29.0

5A

33-3

32-5

3>-3

1.4

10

30.12

29.64

30 010

50 0

3 f

29.5

6a

39 7

39 3

35 7

9.2

II

3024

2991

30.108

60.0

3P

28.5

5:30 A

44 3

45-'

40 0

9-2

12

30.06

29.82

29935

54.0

4:30 P

.39 5

8a

46.7

45.1

40.7

I.O

'3

3006

29.87

29-945

525

I P

35-0

6a

43 7

43-'

40.3

O.I

14

29.87

29.36

29-573

39-0

0 A

31-5

12 p

35-3

350

340

0.0

15

30- » 7

2960

30.004

54-0

4:30 P

31-5

0 a

42.7

43-'

39-3

10.8

16

30.27

3008

30.181

70.0

3:30 i^

30.0

5:30 A

50.0

50.2

46.3

100

'7

30.08

2971

29.831

68.5

- 12 M

40.0

4A

54 3

48.5

46.7

1-3

18

29.71

2959

29.662

46.5

3:30 P

38.5

5 A

42 3

42 8

40-3

0.0

19

30.05

2970

29.946

61.5

4P

36.0

6a

48.7

47.2

427

10.9

20

30.10

29-93

30.035

64.0

4P

38.0

2:30 A

51.0

49.8

45 3

2.9

21

29.97

29.82

29.881

59-5

3 P

44-5

6a

52.0

50.2

46.3

1.6

22

2984

29.70

29.759

48.0

11:30 p

39 5

12 p

43-7

44 4

40.7

0.0

23

29.70

29.68

29683

430

8 P

390

4 A

41.0

41-3

40.3

0 0

24

29.92

29.69

29.840

51-5

3P

41.0

3A

46.3

45-0

43-0

0.5

25

29.S9

29-73

29.841

63.0

2 p

35-0

5:30 A

490

48.5

43 7

6.3

26

29.94

29.76

29.871

53-0

4 H

40.5

6a

46.7

46.0

43-7

0.6

27

29.99

29-95

29.986

54.0

12 M

39-0

'4 A

46.5

48.2

46.0

0.2

28

30.05

29.98

30 018

43-5

3:30 P

37 5

8 A

40.5

40.5

37-5

0.0

29

30.09

2995

30058

695

3 P

34-5

5A

52.0

532

50.0

8.1

30

30.10

29.95

30.07 1

73-5

3P

41.0

6 A

57-3

56.3

51.0

8.3

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

- fe

Total in

Q

0
a

>

•-2

(5/1 ■

c .
Si!

c =1 cr

0.

c
'c

bi

Inches.

*

Q

^!^ 2
0) 1) 3

c5 tj

£5

0 0^

HS.H

S 3
r:^ 0

s

c
'5i
OQ

d

PS

i

0

c

I

395

313

80 -5

s.

138

5-0

32

8p

II P

T

2

36.5

274

79.0

W.N.W.

264

6.0

35

3 P

3

26.5

218

67.0

W.S.W.

8s

2.0

20

7 P

4

300

193

85.0

E.

106

I.O

14

12 p

2 A

3 P

.11

T

5

350

258

S2.0

N.W.

158

3-0

24

2 p

6

33-5

271

78.0

S.W.

115

3-5

26

6 p

8 p

II p

.06

T

7

29 0

186

75-5

W.

298

7-5

39

2 p

8

29.0

185

85.0

E,

168

2.0

20

5 P

8 p

12 p

.24

2

9

30.0

I So

925

N.N.W.

228

8.0

40

I p

0 A

10 p

.27

2I

(O

31-5

236

75-0

W.

204

45

30

4P

II

320

309

59-5

S S.W.

285

50

32

5 P

12

38.0

277

835

w.

245

6.0

35

10 A

I A

7 A

.04

'3

3^-5

264

880

w.

55

I -5

17

4P

II A

7 P

•03

14

33-0

202

93-0

N.

67

3-0

24

II P

6a

II p

.76

T

15

34-0

279

69.5

N.N.W.

424

18.5

61

10 A

i6

45.0

333

90.0

S.W.

78

2.0

20

6 P

'7

45 5

336

91-5

w.

165

1-5

17

II A

II A

9P

.06

i8

37-5

276

79-5

w.

282

9.0

43

2 P

'9

37-5

322

700

N.W.

369

75

39

I P

20

42.5

328

860

W.S.W.

38

1-5

17

5P

21

43-5

340

83.0

N.W.

69

0.5

10

4P

SA

9A

•03

22

370

289

75.0

N.E.

89

1.0

14

10 A

6 A

12 P

.20

23

38-5

263

90.0

N.E.

128

1-5

17

2 P

0 A

II P

1.29

24

41.0

295

86.5

N.N.E.

201

2-5

22

2 P

8a

II A

.07

25

41.0

313

82.0

N.E.

67

2-5

22

4 P

26

41.5

309

84.0

E.

87

0-5

10

2 P

8a

9A

T

27

43'0

353

79-5

N.E.

92

1-5

17

2 P

11 p

12 P

T

28

34-5

240

85.0

N.E.

149

25

22

10 A

0 A

9P

■53

29

47.0

417

790

N.

87

2-5

22

II A

30

48.5

419

820

E

95

2-5

22

2 P

'Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

'Included in followingday.

REMARKS

The weather during the month was considerably colder than
usual, following the wintry conditions that prevailed in March.
Much cloudiness, a considerable snowstorm, and a rather large
precipitation, all tended to retard the season's progress, so that at
the close of the month the seasonal advancement was about two
weeks behind normal conditions. The mean hourly temperature
was above fifty degrees on only four days of the month.

Comparing the records of the several weather elements with
the normals at this station, tha following features are noted : The
mean barometer was unusually low and the range considerably
less than usual. The small fluctuations in pressure resulted in a
total wind movement about ten per cent less than the normal.
The wind directions were more variable than usual.

The mean temperature was more than two degrees below the
normal and the monthly range the smallest for April since this
station was established. The minimum temperature was more
than six degrees higher than the normal for this feature. Only a
trace of frost was noted after the middle of the month.

The mean dewpoint and relative humidity were both unusually
high, owing to the many days on which precipitation occurred.

The total precipitation was about twenty per cent more than
normal and included a snowstorm of nearly five inches.

The amount of sunshine was nearly one hundred hours less
than usual.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

DAVID POTTER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 329.

MAY, 1916

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" VV.

He{^ht flf barometer above ground, 31 ft. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.02, 14th, 8 a
Minimum reduced to freezing, 28.92, 17th,
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.32, 14th, 8 A
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.22, 17th, 3 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.907

Monthly range i.io

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr

Highest 81.5, 29th, 2:30 p

Lowest 36.0, loth, 4:30 .■\

Mean hourly 55.9

Mean of means of max. and min 56.2

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 50.4

Monthly range 45.5

Highest mean daily 67.4, 29th

Lowest mean daily 46.S iSth, 23d

Mean maximum 66.7

Mean minimum 45.7

Mean daily range 21.0

Greatest daily range 36.5,21st

Least daily range 5.0, 23d

Humidity.

Mean dew point 45.1

Mean force of vapor 448

Mean relative humidity 71.9

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation 321

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 12

* Temperature in ground shelter.
t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 4893 m

Greatest daily movement 449ni, nth

Least daily movement 45ni, i6th

Mean daily movement 158 m

Mean hourly velocity 6.6 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 19.0 lbs :=

62 m per hour, 12th, i A, W.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36m per

hour, nth, i p, S.S.W.
Prevailing direction, West Southwest.

.Summary.

North Northwest 10 per cent

South Southwest 26 " "

West 19 " "

West Northwest 13 " "

Other directions 32 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 53 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 272 hours = 60 per cent

Number of clear days 4

Number of fair days 14

Number of cloudy days 13

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 191 hrs, = 40 per cent

Rain. 2d, 4th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 23d,
24th, 27th, 2Sth, 29th, 30th.

Thunder and Lightning, 4th. Sth, 2Sth,
30th.

Frosts. 19th.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour: 35m, 2d,
N.; 47m, 8th, S.S.W.; 40m, 9th, W.S.W.:
6im, iith,W.; 6?m, 12th, W.N.W.; 42m,
17th, N.W.; 35m, 25th, W.N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

0 c

u to

S"

a
3
S

rt

a

3

s

C -

S
3

s

i

S

3

s

'c

s is

1) 0 2

J2

3 e
0 3

Q

30.09

i

s-j^

S

^

S

i-'

sss

SKO

S^iS

«

I

29.89

30.008

69.5

3P

39-5

6a

54-5

53-3

46.3

l-^

2

30.03

29.84

29-934

66.5

3 P

440

4 A

55-3

54-3

48.7

6.6

3

30.07

2969

29.885

625

1:30 P

390

4A

50.7

520

47-3

0.7

4

29-93

2967

29892

66.0

3P

46.5

12 P

56-3

553

49-5

9.1

5

29.93

29.80

29843

68 5

4P

42.0

5 A

55-3

55-1

50.0

3.2

6

29.85

2974

29.816

74-5

5P

51.0

3A

62.7

60.3

54-3

7-9

7

29.79

2965

29.751

640

4:30 p

51.0

4:30 A

57-5

56.5

5'-3

0.1

8

2988

2951

29.728

74-0

2:30 p

49.0

6a

61.5

59.8

46.3

5.9

9

2990

2955

29731

595

0 A

42.0

12 P

50.7

52.5

45-7

4.0

lO

30.04

2965

29.888

71-5

3--30 P

36.0

4:30 A

53-7

52.1

45-3

0.8

II

29.76

29.48

29585

74-5

3 P

50.0

I A

623

64.9

59-5

9.8

12

30.20

29 76

30.050

60 0

4:30 p

450

7A

52.5

51.9

44-3

99

13

30-27

30 12

30 2 [6

67.0

5 P

41-5

5:30 A

54-3

55.0

47-7

II. I

14

3032

3021

30 266

64.0

3-30 P

36.S

5A

50.3

53-4

48.7

5.0

15

30-23

30 10

3013'

54-5

6 p

45.0

3A

49 7

49-6

43 5

00

16

30.10

29.74

29939

540

2 p

45.0

10:30 P

49-5

49-1

43-7

0.0

17

29.74

29.22

29.407

51-5

3 P

46.0

12 P

48.7

48-3

46.3

0.0

18

29.84

29.48

29 690

5I-S

4P

41.5

12 P

46.5

468

40.7

1.2

19

30-03

29.84

29.959

63.5

5 P

370

4:30 A

50.3

50.9

463

10.4

20

30.05

29.98

30.030

64.0

2 p

460

12 P

55.0

53-5

48.7

7-9

21

30-13

3001

30042

76.0

3:30 P

.39 5

4A

57.7

59.0

53-3

11.7

22

30.23

30.13

30 210

71.0

2 p

42.5

4:30 A

567

55.S

49-3

8.6

23

30.18

30.06

30.114

50.0

4 P

450

3A

47 5

46.8

45 7

0 0

24

30.06

29.85

29.960

76.0

4:30 P

490

0 A

62.6

60.6

56.3

76

25

2985

29.62

29730

80.0

2:30 P

52 0

5A

66.0

65.2

60 0

11.6

26

2995

29.71

29.865

730

4 P

53-5

12 P

633

63.0

57-3

12.1

27

30.08

29.95

30041

740

1:30 P

44.0

5 A

590

60.2

56.3

7-9

28

3007

29.88

29.968

62.5

5 P

525

6a

57.5

57.4

54-7

0 0

29

29.88

2977

29845

81.5

2:30 p

550

2 A

6S.3

67.4

60 3

7-9

30

29.77

29.50

29.650

70.5

4:30 p

5«5

12 P

645

639

59-7

0.5

31

30.01

29.62

29.863

7f.o

4 P

52.5

12 P

6.7

60.8

54.5

12. 1

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humiditj

1.

Wind.

Precipitation.

fe

Total in

a

0

0.

>

ii

c .

D en

3 aj rt

£ 3 cr

0.

c

'5

bi

Indies.

*

3 11
iio

StLl

S3S

a> u 3

> <v

H2.S

,A <ii ^

^ 3

1)

H

3)

03

■5

C

i

0

c

iTi

I

41-5

374

69-5

s.s.w.

147

2-5

22

4P

2

46.0

392

800

w.

184

60

35

II A

8 A

T

3

44.0

3S0

75.0

w.

lOI

I 5

17

8p

4

47.0

402

78.5

W.N.W.

180

30

24

I P

I A

6a

.04

5

45 5

439

7[.o

w.s.w.

SI

0.5

10

6p

6

52.0

478

S3 5

W.N.W.

132

2.0

20

12 M

0 A

7 A

.22

7

47-5

453

72.0

s.s.w.

123

2.0

20

2 P

8a

12 P

.19

8

47-5

461

70.0

ss.w.

188

II.O

47

2 P

0 A

7 P

.12

9

39 5

407

56 0

N.W.

3.6

8.0

40

6a

lO

40.5

371

66.5

ss.w.

219

5-5

33

6p

1 1

530

6S0

61.0

w.

449

18.5

61

3P

r2

39-5

345

70.5

W.N.W.

446

19.0

62

I A

13

40.5

440

570

W.S.W.

165

5-0

32

4 P

14

42.0

424

6(.o

w.

i'3

'■5

17

8p

'5

370

359

61.0

S.

64

0.5

10

10 p

I A

12 P

•23

r6

40.0

336

71-5

E.N.E.

45

0-5

10

II p

0 A

12 P

.96

'7

44.0

345

S3-5

N.N.W.

227

9.0

42

4 P

0 A

3P

•73

i8

340

310

620

W.

265

25

22

10 A

'9

395

392

62.0

WN.W.

120

2.0

20

2 P

20

44-5

407

74.0

N.N.W.

131

3-5

26

3 P

21

47-5

527

6.5

N.

141

5 5

33

8 a

22

430

425

76.5

S.S.W.

187

4.0

28

3P

23

47-5

53 f

88.5

s.s.w.

182

2.0

20

6a

I A

12 P

•44

24

57-0

544

695

s.s.w.

65

1.0

14

3P

0 A

6a

.10

25

57-5

618

77-5

w.

229

6.0

35

4 P

26

540

570

730

N.

J45

30

24

10 A

27

53-0

532

76.5

E.

114

1-5

17

6 P

3P

T

28

54.0

465

88.5

S.

75

0.0

—

—

I A

12 P

.06

29

570

622

750

S.W.

50

0.0

—

—

OA

7A

■03

30

58.5

565

84.5

S.S.W.

188

2.0

20

3 P

I A

7 P

.09

3'

50-5

512

715

N.N.W.

278

3-5

26

8 P

**Rain or ineltedsnow at base of tower.

♦Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during the month was considerably cooler than
usual and the backward condition of the season which was noted
at the beginning of the month was not materially changed. De-
ficiency in sunshine, combined with relatively low temperatures,
materially retarded the season's progress.

The records of the various weather elements show the following
features of interest : The mean barometer was the lowest for fif-
teen years and the range more than twenty per cent greater than
usual. Notwithstanding the rather large fluctuations in pressure
the total wind movement was only about the normal amount.
Winds from the southwest quadrant predominated.

The mean hourly temperature was slightly below the normal.
The range of temperature was unusually small, due to a low max-
imum and a high minimum. The maximum reading was more
than five degrees lower than usual and the minimum was a like
amount higher than usual. Owing to the high minimum records
there was no frost excepting on a single date and that was scarcely
more than a trace.

The mean dew point was slightly lower than usual, while the
relative humidity was nearly normal.

The total precipitation was about half an inch less than the
normal. There was one heavy rainfall about the middle of the
month, when sixty per cent of the total for the month was re-
corded.

The amount of bright sunshine was about eighty per cent of
the nomial.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

DAVID POTTER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 330.

JUNE, 1916

Meteorological Observations

MASSACHUSETTS

AGllICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground^ 51 ft. Above sea level, 2"/^.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments 12 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

PressuFe. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 29.83, i6th, 11 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.31, 3d, 12 p
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.13, i6th, 11 A
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.61, 3d, 12 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.945

Monthly range 0.52

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 84.0, 28th, 3 P

Lowest 40.0, 2d, 4:30 A

Mean hourly 61. i

Mean of means of max. and min 61.3

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 57.0

Monthly range 44 0

Highest mean daily 72.0,28th

Lowest mean daily 49.8 10th

Mean maximum 71.3

Mean minimum 51.2

Mean daily range 20.1

Greatest daily range 40.5, 2d

Least daily range 5.0, 9th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 53.3

Mean force of vapor 0.556

Mean relative humidity 75.7

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation 5.34

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 13.0

* Temperature in ground shelter,
t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 3226 m

Greatest daily movement 229m, 22d

Least daily movement 23m, i6th

Mean daily movement 108 m

Mean hourly velocity 45 ni

Maximum pressure per square foot, 7.0 lbs =

37 m per hour, 22d, 11 a, N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m per

hour, 22d, 12 M, N.W.
Prevailing direction, Northeast.

Summary.

North Northwest 10 per cent

North Northeast 10

South 17

Northeast 10

West Northwest 10

Other directions 43

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 62 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 301 hours = 66 per cent

Number of clear days 4

Number of fair days 10

Number of cloudy days 16

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 156 hrs, = 34 per cent
Rain, 3d, 5th, 7th, 8th,9th,iith, 12th, 13th, i6th,

17th, iSth, 19th, 2ist, 25th.
Thunder and Lightning, ist, 5th, 12th,

13th, iSth.
P'rosts,
Gnles, 35 or more miles i)er hour. 36m, 4th,

N.W.; 37m, 22d, N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

OS

a

3

E

a

3

S

3

s

V

E

3
£

u

c .

J3

3 S
0 3

c«

Q

30.08

i

E

H

i

S

rt X C

2g^

^ 0 IM

03

I

30.01

30.057

76.0

4:30 P

41.5

5A

58.7

60 2

517

13-5

2

30.11

29.92

30.013

80.5

3:30 H

40.0

4:30 A

60.3

63 0

53-5

13.6

3

29.94

2961

29748

67.0

I P

51-5

4:30 A

59 3

58.1

540

0.0

4

29.77

2961

29.701

72.0

3P

50.5

5:30 A

61.3

61.5

55-3

11.7

5

2981

29-73

29773

730

II A

49.0

5 A

61.0

57-5

57-7

3-5

6

29.95

29.81

29896

76.0

2:30 P

50.0

6 A

63.0

61.2

57.0

7-3

7

29.96

29.92

29-937

67.0

2:30 P

51-5

3:30 A

59 3

60.5

56.0

0.8

8

30.07

29.94

30.023

60 0

3 •'

54.5

I A

57-3

567

54-5

0 0

9

30.10

30.05

30.101

54-5

II A

49-5

5:30 A

52.0

50.6

49 5

0.0

lO

30.09

3001

30.079

540

3P

46.5

2 A

50-3

498

49-3

0 0

II

30.03

29.96

30.003

60.0

I P

50 0

2 A

55-0

54-8

52-7

0 0

12

2996

2991

29964

74 5

6p

550

5A

64-7

626

58.5

5-5

13

29.98

2987

29 960

78.5

1:30 p

500

5A

643

63-7

58-3

8.8

14

30.06

2998

30.025

73-5

4:30 p

525

6a

63.0

630

57-5

6.0

15

30.09

3002

30.071

63.0

4 P

54.0

12 p

5S.5

58-3

54-3

0.0

16

30 13

29.99

30.070

65.0

4:30 P

52-0

6 a

5^5

57-5

55 7

0.0

17

2999

29.83

29.862

69.0

4 P

59.0

4 A

64.0

64.2

62.5

0.0

18

29.86

29.74

29.830

77.0

1:30 P

60.0

12 P

68.5

65.9

57-7

4-7

'9

2985

29 68

29.762

67.5

I 1:30 A

5'-5

4:30 A

59-5

60.4

59-5

2.2

20

2993

29.68

29.821

65.0

2:30 P

470

12 P

56 0

57.6

55-3

43

21

29.96

29.87

29.915

72.0

1:30 P

430

5--30 A

57 5

57-3

54-7

7-1

22

29.97

2989

29.918

685

1:30 P

46.5

5A

57-5

59.0

530

8.3

23

29.95

29.90

29932

75-5

I P

440

3A

59 7

61.9

56.7

80

24

30.01

2994

29.978

78.5

3 f

46.5

3-30 A

62.5

62.7

59-7

9.2

25

29.98

2991

29.959

64.5

10 A

57 5

5A

61.0

64.5

61.5

0.0

26

30.02

29.95

30013

81.5

4:30 P

56.5

5A

69.0

685

63.7

12.8

27

30.04

29.95

30.012

82.S

3 P

56.5

5A

69.5

68.5

63.0

6.3

28

29.98

29.90

29947

84.0

3 P

65 0

5 A

74.5

72.0

66.0

8-5

29

30.02

2993

29-973

79 5

1:30 p

53-5

5 A

665

66.7

59-7

7-5

30

30.05

2996

30.021

79-5

4 P

5'-5

5A

65.5

66.0

58.7

14.5

DAILY SUMMARY.

H

umidity

Wind.

Precipitation.

u!

Total in

Q

0

0.

>

^
»>.-

.t-^

a

a) 1/1

s 2

0.

bi

c

'c

bi

Indies.

♦

c ■*-•

c ^

a tt"^

'15 tj

^ O)"^

■-^ u^:/-.

OJ

c

ff

^5

Dud

> <u

£5

^1?

M 1) ^

V 3

::: 0

'Si
1)
m

a
W

c
'rt

0

c
tn

I

45.0

•5"

58.5

N.N.W.

126

4.0

28

8a

2

44.0

.586

49^5

s.

43

3^o

24

6 P

3

50.0

.490

75.0

s.

127

35

26

12 M

I P

12 P

•36

4

48.5

■593

58-0

W.N.W.

165

6.5

36

10 A

s

55-0

•552

795

N.N.E.

87

5-0

32

12 M

II A

7P

.60

6

540

.526

80 5

N.E.

84

2.0

20

3P

7

Si-5

•537

730

E.

133

30

24

12 M

8p

II P

.08

8

53-5

•455

895

E.

126

1-5

17

12 P

8 P

12 P

.07

9

48.0

•369

91.5

N.E.

139

1-5

17

0 A

0 A

3 P

.20

(0

47.0

•376

865

N.E.

142

0.5

10

I P

II

51.0

■435

86.0

E.N.E.

23

I.O

14

II P

I P

3 P

.40

12

56 0

•543

84.0

N.N.E.

41

4^5

30

7 P

2 P

7 P

•50

13

550

•565

77-5

N.N.E.

75

2-5

22

4P

2 P

9P

•50

'4

54.0

.560

75 5

S.S.E.

5«

0.5

10

6p

15

510

.485

77^5

E.S.E.

138

1.0

14

SP

16

540

.484

88.5

ES.E.

92

15

17

II p

5A

12 p

•30

•7

6.5

■593

93 5

S.S.E.

201

2.0

20

12 M

0 A

8 P

1. 16

18

530

.602

67^5

S.

77

2-5

22

2 P

3P

T

'9

57.0

.586

80.5

S.

29

1.0

14

2 P

10 A

10 P

■37

20

51-0

•533

70.5

W.N.W.

150

5^0

32

2 P

21

51 5

.498

78.0

W.N.W.

68

0.5

10

I P

4 1^

8 P

••5

22

46 0

.528

60 5

N.W.

229

7.0

37

II A

23

52-5

•579

680

N.N.W.

'37

2.5

22

I P

24

57-0

.612

77.0

S.S w.

64

1.0

14

7 P

25

60.0

•597

87 0

s.s.w.

97

0.0

—

4 A

9P

.65

26

60.5

.699

78.5

w.s.w.

63

1.0

14

12 M

27

60.0

.674

78.0

s.

167

2.0

20

2 P

28

63-5

•723

82.5

w.

105

0.5

10

4 P

29

55.0

.674

63.5

N.W.

116

15

17

6 P

30

52.0

.708

55^5

N.N.W.

131

35

26

5P

••Kain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

•Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during June was unusually cold and stormy, es-
pecially the first half of the month. The backward condition of
vegetation which existed at the beginning of the month was not
materially changed during the month owing to the adverse features
which existed. On only a few days was really warm weather re-
corded.

A comparison of the records of the several weather elements
with the normals shows the following features of interest : The mean
barometer was practically normal while the range of pressure was
only about two-thirds of the usual amount. Owing to the small
fluctuations of pressure the total wind movement was comparatively
small. The prevailing wind direction in the Northeast was a very
unusual feature for this locality.

The mean hourly temperature was about five degrees below the
normal and the lowest since 1903. The maximum temperature was
more than seven degrees lower than usual and the lowest June
record for that feature since this station was established. The min-
imum temperature was practically normal.

The mean dew point was more than three degrees lower than
usual and the relative humidity was more than three per cent higher
owing to the large amount of wet weather.

The total precipitation was more than two inches above the
normal, making it the wettest June since 1904.

Several heavy thunderstorms occurred during the first half of
the month. There was about one hundred hours of cloudiness more
than usual.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
J. S. SIMS, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 33 1.

JULY, 19 16

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

' Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' lo" W.

ffeii^ht of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2-jj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressuie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.06, 15th, 9 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.22, 3d, 3 p
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.35, 15th, 9 a
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.51, 3d, 3 v

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.984

Montlily range 0.84

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 935,31st, 2P

Lowest 46-5> ist, 4oO A

Mean hourly 716

Mean of means of max. and min 72.5

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 67.6

Monthly range 47 o

Highest mean daily 78.8, 12th

Lowest mean daily , . . .61.4 4th

Mean maximum S2.9

Mean minimum 62.4

Mean daily range 20.5

Greatest daily range 39-5, ist

Least daily range 7-5, 26th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 61 .g

Mean force of vapor ... .- 0.780

Mean relative humidity 81.8

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation 6.85

Number of days on which .01 inch or more
rain fell 16

* Temperature in ground shelter,
t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 3126 m

Greatest daily movement . . 185m, i6th, 21st

Least daily movement 3Sm, 24th

Mean daily movement loi m

Mean hourly velocity 4.2 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 9.0 lbs =

42m per hour, 8th, 3 ?, N.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 20m per

hour, 31st, 8 p, N.
Prevailing direction. South Southwest.

Summary.

South Southwest 16 per cent

South 39 " "

Other directions 45 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 57 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 278 hours = 60 per cent

Number of clear days i

Number of fair days 18

Number of cloudy days 12

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 184 hrs, == 40 per cent
Rain. 2d, 3d, 4th, 8th, 9th, loth, 13th, 17th,

20th, 2ISt, 22d, 23d, 25th, 26th, 27th, 2Sth,
3TSt.

Thunder and Liahtnin^. 2d, 9th, 17th,

2ISt, 22d, 31st.

Gales. 35 or more miles per hour. 42m, 8t!i,
N.N.W.; 36m, 27th, N.N.E.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Te

iiperature. Ground Shelter.

0 C
wis

E

3

e

s

a

'rt

S

s

6

a

3
a

V

c - .

si

0 j;

(4

Q

rt

29.99

a

'c

e

n X c

V 0 u

S c oj ■

pa

I

29-83

29889

86.0

3:30 p

46.5

4:30 A

66.3

67.5

65 0

II.O

2

29.87

29.61

29.778

85.0

3'-30 P

56-5

4A

70.7

699

65-5

5-5

3

29.66

29.51

29-557

79.0

4P

61.5

4:30 A

70.3

68 6

61.7

3-5

4

29.83

2957

29-713

66.5

r.30 p

57-5

12 P

62.0

61.4

57-3

0.0

s

30.09

29.86

30.007

740

3:30 P

57-0

3A

65.5

62.7

60.3

0.5

6

30.12

2998

30.052

865

3:30 P

52.0

2 A

69-3

69.0

63.7

II.O

7

30.02

2988

29-935

88.5

2:30 p

57.0

5 A

72.7

750

68.0

10.5

8

29.94

29.82

29.865

88.5

3P

655

4:30 A

77.0

74.6

70.0

7.0

9

30.08

29.94

30-057

74 -o

4P

61.0

7 A

675

672

64.0

0.5

10

30.10

3003

30.067

790

2 P

62.0

4A

70.5

67.7

657

1.8

II

30.06

29-93

29984

845

3:30 P

68.0

2 A

76.3

74.0

72.0

0-3

12

29.98

29.84

29.895

92.0

2 p

67.5

4:30 A

79-7

78.8

74.0

8-5

13

29.96

2981

29.891

83.5

12 M

68.0

12 P

75-7

75-0

76.0

0 0

14

30-32

2996

30.185

81 0

3:30?

59.0

12 P

70.0

70.3

62.5

7-6

15

3035

30.22

30.290

80.0

4 P

530

4:30 A

66.5

66.1

60.5

lo.s

16

30.25

2993

30-047

84.0

3P

55-5

5A

69.7

69.5

64-5

7.8

'7

30.09

2996

30.017

ll^

3P

66.0

3A

72.3

71-3

68.3

0-3

18

30-15

30.09

30 131

885

2 p

69.5

3:30 A

79-0

77.0

71.0

6.6

19

30-13

2999

30.070

890

5 P

66.0

5A

77-5

76.6

70.3

9-5

20

30.06

29.78

29.963

90 0

2 p

63.0

4:30 A

76.5

76.4

70.5

9.2

21

29.78

29.57

29.641

83.5

5P

71.0

2 A

77-3

74-4

71.0

0.8

22

2986

29.76

29.848

83-0

3 P

69.0

II P

76.0

72.8

71-3

6.5

23

29.91

2987

29.902

82.0

5:30 P

695

0 A

75-7

74.3

71-7

93

24

30.10

29.99

30070

86.0

2:30 p

70 0

4A

780

75-9

71.0

10.7

25

3013

30.10

30.129

83.0

I p

69.0

12 P

76.0

73-7

69.5

6.2

26

30-15

3005

30093

77.0

• 5 P

69.5

I A

73-3

72.5

7'7

0.4

27

30-17

30.01

30.076

890

2 p

70.0

12 P

79-5

76.0

72.7

7-6

28

80.27

30.17

30.256

78.5

2:30 p

57-5

12 P

68.0

70.5

645

II. 7

29

30-33

30.20

30259

77-5

3P

50.5

5:30 A

64.0

64-3

6t.5

1 1.2

30

30.21

2991

30.010

79.0

3P

59.0

3A

69.0

70.2

68.5

0.0

31

29.91

29.70

29.842

93-5

2 p

67.0

5:30 A

80.3

77-8

72.3

7-9

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

^

Total in

Q

0

a
>

ft

bi

c

'5

bi

Inches.

*
*

c ■*-*

C V

c ti'"

'3 tj

--1 D- —

•-' t>l ■/■!

c« C

0)

c

^'

d

Q

D 1) a

> 0)

0 o"*

rt 0) t.

jj 3
^ 0

s

'Sis

DQ

-5

c
W

0

c

I

59 5

.829

62 5

N.W.

123

S-o

32

12 M

2

615

•783

71^5

S.S.W.

139

35

26

7 P

9P

12 P

.46

3

5«S

■655

75^5

W.N.W.

118

0.5

10

4P

0 A

4 A

•38

4

53-5

.562

74.0

N.N.W.

153

1-5

17

I p

7 P

12 P

.04

5

57-5

.592

805

N.

124

I.O

14

12 M

6

61.5

.707

78.5

N.

68

I.O

14

I P

7

64.5

.865

72.5

W.

98

0-5

10

2 P

8

67.0

.865

79.0

W.N.W.

122

9.0

42

3P

4 P

8 P

•34

9

630

.636

91.0

E.N.E.

78

o.s

10

3P

3A

12 P

1.29

(O

65.0

.687

89.0

S.

60

I.O

14

4 P

0 A

6a

.06

[I

71 0

.836

92-0

S.S.W.

140

I.O

14

2 p

12

71-5

.986

80.0

S.W.

162

3-0

24

4 P

t3

69.5

•S53

86.0

S.

97

05

10

10 A

I P

7 p

.26

14

59-5

.665

78.0

E.N.E.

77

0.0

—

—

IS

56 0

.675

75.0

S.S.W.

102

1-5

17

6p

i6

61.5

.727

77 -o

S.

185

2.0

20

I p

•7

66.0

.770

84.5

S.

88

0.5

10

5 P

7 A

2 P

•45

i8

68.0

•893

780

S.

74

0.5

10

2 p

•9

67.5

.874

79.0

S.

94

I.O

14

4P

20

68.0

.865

8, .5

S.

74

05

10

I P

II P

12 p

.06

21

690

.861

83.0

N.N.E.

185

1^5

17

I P

0 A

10 p

.81

22

70-5

•794

94.0

S.

47

I.O

14

3P

7 A

II P

1.32

23

70.0

.870

875

S.S.W.

63

I.O

14

I P

7 P

T

24

69.0

•857

83.0

s.

38

0.0

—

—

25

6S.5

.802

86.0

s.

57

I.O

14

6 p

5 P

12 P

.61

26

71-5

.804

95.0

s.

123

1-5

17

2 p

S A

12 P

•56

27

72 0

■857

92.0

N N.W.

78

6.5

36

3P

0 A

12 p

.16

28

61.5

.746

72^5

N.N.E.

77

00

—

—

0 A

2 a

•03

29

60.0

•597

87.0

S.S.W.

86

1-5

17

12 M

30

67.5

.770

88.0

s.

112

0.0

—

—

3'

70.5

.909

82.0

w.

84

3-0

24

8 p

4 P

5 P

.02

•*ltain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

*Includedin following day.

REMARKS

The weather during July was marked by an unusually high
humidity and large rainfall. The unusually large percentage of
wind from the South caused many oppressive, sultry days and
frequent rains, some with unusually large precipitation. The
total rainfall was more than fifty per cent above the normal.
The disagreeable character of the weather was prevalent during
the whole month.

The records of the several weather elements show the following
features of interest. The mean barometer was practically nor-
mal and the range of pressure slightly larger than usual. The
total wind movement was considerably less than the normal, and
there were no daily records of any considerable size. Only two
gales were noted, and both were of moderate intensity and short
duration. South or South Southwest wind was recorded more than
one-half the days of the month, the remaining days being divided
among most of the other directions.

The mean temperature was about one degree above the normal,
while the maximum and minimum were near the usual values.
The large amount of cloudiness should be considered with the
temperature record in judging the general oppressiveness.

The mean dew point was practically normal, while the relative
humidity was more than eight points above the normal, showing
the highest humidity for July in ten years.

The total precipitation was two and one-half inches more than
the normal, and was well distributed throughout the month.

Only one clear day was noted.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
J. S. SIMS, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 332.

AUGUST, 1916

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Heii^ht of barometer above ground, ^ I ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressnie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 29.97, 29th, 9 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.23, 8th, i p
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.27, 29th, g A
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.51, 8th, i p

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.977

Monthly range 0.76

*Alr Temperature.

Highest

In Degrees Fahr.

. . 95.5, 22d, 3:30 P

Lowest 45-0- 29th, 2 A

Mean hourly 69.5

Mean of means of max. and min 70.5

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 64.0

Monthly range 5° 5

Highest mean daily 79-3- 22d

Lowest mean daily 57-7 28th

Mean maximum 82.6

Mean minimum 5S.3

Mean daily range 24-3

Greatest daily range 35-°- 21st

Least daily range 9.5, loth

Humidity.

Mean dew point 61.3

Mean force of vapor 698

Mean relative humidity . 80.7

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation 2.49

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell

* Temperature in ground shelter.

t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 3120 m

Greatest daily movement 242m, 3d

Least daily movement 41m, 21st

Mean daily movement loi m

Mean hourly velocity 4.2 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 20.5 lbs =

64m per hour, 23d, 5 p, S.S.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, iSm per

hour, 14th, 3 p, W.
Prevailing direction, South Southwest.

Summary.

North 10 per cent

South Southwest 39 " "

East Southeast 13 " '"

South 10 " "

Other directions 28 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 54 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 170 hours = 40 per cent

Number of clear days 10

Number of fair days 14

Number of cloudy days 7

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 259 hrs, = 60 per cent
Rain. 8th, 9th, nth, 12th, 13th, 23d, 26th, 27th,

28th.
Thunder and Lightning. 8th, 23d, 26th,

27th.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour. 64m, 23d,

S.S.W. I 40m, 27th, S.S.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

S
1

E

s

'S

B

3
£

i

S
3
£

6

•a

i is

rt 3 y-
4) 0 2

6 5
2.M

Q

s

S

^tn

82.0

H

S

'Ci

sss

Sffia

sJ^^

p5

I

30.19

2988

30.067

4P

58.0

12 P

70.0

69.7

61.7

12.8

2

30.22

30.08

30.161

83.0

3-30 P

51.0

5:30 A

67.0

66 6

600

12.7

3

30.12

29.95

30.015

80.0

1:30 p

58-5

5A

69-3

69-3

64-3

8-3

4

30.11

30.01

30-047

865

4:30 P

64.0

4A

75-3

74.1

69-5

8.3

s

3013

30.00

30.065

83-5

3P

70.0

6 A

76.7

74.0

70.7

3-5

6

3013

3000

30.082

90 0

3P

71.0

3A

80.5

772

69.5

8.7

7

30.12

2975

29.923

91.0

3:30 P

68.0

7 A

79-5

77-2

70.7

6.8

8

29.75

2951

29685

930

0:30 P

71-5

12 P

82.3

77.2

74.3

4-7

9

30.02

29.62

29.825

78.0

10:30 A

59.5

12 P

68.7

68.8

65 0

1.9

10

30.19

30.02

30.131

68.0

2 P

58.5

5A

633

63-5

59-0

0.0

II

30.21

29.95

30.112

77.0

4P

59-5

3A

68.3

667

61.5

7-5

12

2995

29.78

29 840

85-5

2 P

64.0

3A

74 7

72.6

68.5

8.7

•3

29.83

29.70

29.801

70.5

4 P

52.0

12 P

61.3

6, .5

54-3

2.8

•4

29.87

29-73

29819

76.0

3 P

47-0

5A

61.5

62.3

57 7

139

15

29.94

29.86

29.918

81.0

4:30 p

49-0

5:30 A

65.0

66.3

61.7

12.5

16

30.04

2993

29.983

83s

2:30 p

540

6a

68.7

68.4

647

9-3

•7

30.17

3004

30.098

880

3:30 P

62.5

6a

753

74.2

65.0

11.4

18

30.20

30.08

30.147

87 0

4:30 P

57-5

5A

723

72.4

675

"-3

'9

30- '7

30.07

30 125

90.0

5P

60.0

5 ••30 A

75 -o

73-2

675

10.4

20

30.10

29.99

30.065

905

3:30 p

59-5

6a

75-0

73 5

66.5

"•5

21

29.99

29.75

29.847

94.0

4:30 p

590

5:30 A

76.5

76.0

69.0

11.4

22

29.77

29.78

29910

95 5

3:30 P

665

5:30 A

81.0

79-3

71.0

10.3

23

2978

2957

29756

92.0

2:30 p

. 67.5

3:30 A

79-7

75.0

69-7

10 2

24

29.79

2967

29.750

71-5

3 P

570

12 P

643

663

62.5

4.2

25

2994

29.79

29837

825

3 P

500

4A

66.3

65.2

59.0

II.O

26

29.94

29.87

29921

835

3P

56-5

4:30 A

70.0

68.5

60.7

6.7

27

30.00

2986

29.921

82.5

4 P

61.0

6a

7'-7

69.7

635

7-0

28

30-17

30.00

30.090

62.5

9A

48.0

12 p

553

57.7

550

0.3

29

30.27

30.13

30.204

750

2:30 p

450

2 A

60.0

58..

52-3

lO.I

30

30-15

29.98

30076

80.0

3P

49.0

6:30 A

64.5

64.3

58.7

n-3

3'

30.12

3005

30.097

79-5

1:30 P

540

12 P

66.7

65.9

59-3

9.8

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

fe

Total in

Q

0

a

>

•-3

u

s .
<u in

S -
Sag-

0.

c

'5

bi

Indies.

*

Q

So, S

u u 3

nl u

> <u
1) 1.

HS.S

's X?^

en J-,'
Si 3
— 0

0)

s

H

c
W

c
'3

0

c

I

57-5

690

695

N.

193

30

24

7 P

2

56.0

638

70.5

s.s.w.

117

2.0

20

(rv

3

60.0

734

73-0

s.s.w.

242

2-5

22

10 A

4

68.0

.800

87.5

s.s.w.

118

0.0

—

—

5

695

816

895

s.s.w.

122

I.O

14

12 M

6

68.0

832

820

E.S.E.

108

0.0

—

—

7

70.0

819

90.5

S.

91

1-5

17

6 p

8

72.5

963

84.0

S.S.W.

125

2-5

22

12 M

3 P

12 P

.10

9

625

711

82.0

E.S.E.

92

1.0

14

12 M

0 A

4A

.04

10

56.0

580

78.5

N.N.E.

151

0-5

10

8P

II

5«-5

638

78.5

E.S.E.

"3

0.0

—

—

9P

12 P

.14

12

65 0

797

88.0

W.

116

2.0

20

4 P

0 A

2 A

.06

'3

500

504

73-5

N.W.

138

1-5

17

12 M

5 A

9A

.08

'4

540

578

74.0

W.N.W.

182

4.0

28

2 P

15

58.0

670

735

S.S.W.

83

1.0

14

2 P

i6

630

687

85.0

S.W.

72,

0.5

10

I P

'7

61.0

780

70.0

N.E.

68

0.0

—

—

i8

65 0

763

8. .5

SS.W.

42

0.0

—

—

19

66.5

744

8S.5

S.S.W.

47

0.0

—

—

20

64.0

786

79 5

S.S.W.

44

0.0

—

—

21

67.0

863

78.0

S.S.W.

41

0.0

—

—

22

680

960

71.0

N.N.E.

57

0.0

—

—

23

69.0

780

91.0

S.

137

205

64

5P

5 P

9P

1.44

24

60.5

630

850

N.

68

0.0

—

25

58.0

537

90-5

W.

49

0-5

10

2 p

26

56.5

674

70.5

E.S.E.

72,

2.0

20

4 P

8a

T

27

6, ,5

656

84.0

S.

150

8.0

40

8 p

6p

7 P

.21

28

52.5

489

Si.o

N.

76

0.5

10

5P

9A

2 P

.42

29

50.0

436

86.0

SS.W.

50

0.0

—

30

57 -o

545

86.5

S S.W.

86

00

—

—

31

56.0

565

79-5

S.W.

68

0-5

ID

3P

**Kain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

*Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during August, while generally seasonable, was
more variable than usual. The first fourth of the month was a
period of high temperature and high humidity. The second
fourth was considerably cooler and pleasanter. The third
quarter was the warmest period, although the relative humidity
was less than during the first part of the month. The last quar-
ter of the month was the nearest to nomial conditions.

The total precipitation was much below the normal, in marked
contrast with these records for the preceding two months. The
thunder storm on the 23d was unusually severe in this locality,
and considerable damage was done.

The following features of the several weather elements are
shown on comparing with the normals for this station. The
mean barometer was slightly below the normal and the range a
little larger than usual. On more than one-half the days the
maximum wind pressure was less than one pound and the daily
wind movement small. Wind from the south points of the com-
pass was much more frequent than usual.

The maximum temperature was nearly four degrees above the
normal, and the highest record so far this year. The mean hourly
temperature was nearly two degrees higher than usual. The
minimum record was also rather high.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both higher
than the normals for these elements.

The total precipitation was about 60 per cent of the normal,
and more than one-half of it occurred "during the severe thunder
storm mentioned above.

The total wind movement was practically normal and the
amount of bright sunshine considerably more than the average
value.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

J. S. SIMS, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 333.

SEPTEMBER, 1916

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Hei^^ht of barometer above ground, ^i ft. Above sea level, 2'/j.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instnimaits 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressute. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.24, nth, 10 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.38, 8th, 2 p
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.53, nth, 10 A
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.66, 8th, 2 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.036

Monthly range 0.87

*Air Temperature.

Highest

In Degrees Fahr.

. . 89.5, 14th, 3 P

Lowest 36.5, 20th, 6 A

Mean hourly 60.8

Mean of means of max. and min 61.3

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 55.5

Monthly range 53 0

Highest mean daily 74.9, 8th

Lowest mean daily 5o-o, 30th

Mean maximum 73-9

Mean minimum 48.6

Mean daily range 25.3

Greatest daily range 41.5,14th

Least daily range 6.0, 6th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 52.6

Mean force of vapor 510

Mean relative humidity 81.3

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 5.08

Number of days on which .01 incii or more

rain fell

• Temperature in ground shelter.

t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 3717^

Greatest daily movement 320m, 29th

Least daily movement 35ni, 14th

Mean daily movement 124 m

Mean hourly velocity 5.2 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 9.5 lbs =«

44m per hour, 29th, 2 p, .S.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m per

hour, 29th, 2P, S.
Prevailing direction, West Southwest.

Summary.

North Northwest 10 per cent

South Southwest 30 " "

West South w^est 10 " '"

South 13 " "

Other directions 37 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 45 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 118 hours = 32 per cent

Number of clear days 16

Number of fair days lo

Number of cloudy days 4

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 255 hrs, = 68 per cent
Rain, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 15th, i8th, 19th, 23d,

28th, 29th.
Thunder and Li^htninil, I5th, l8th, 29th.
Frosts. 17th, 20th, 26th.
Galea, 35 or more miles per hour. 44m, 29th,

S.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

■oS

Sea Level.

Temperature, (jroun

d Shelte

r.

El

ft

£
a
S

E

£
'c

'rt
C i
4) ?,

£
£

0

B

£

3

E
'c

4)

£

rt x' c
0) ro.-

> I-.'

SS2

0 a

Q

s

s

S(^

s

!-'

IS

H

SS2

SX3

Sc^^

ca

I

30.12

29.86

30.007

86.0

IP

47-5

6a

66.7

67.7

647

8.4

2

30.13

29.81

29-934

75.0

I P

47.0

12 P

61.0

66.3

65.0

8.5

3

30-30

30.13

30.280

"68.5

5:30 P

37-5

5:30 A

53.0

53.5

46.5

12.0

4

30.30

3003

30.158

76.0

3P

47-0

5A

61.5

6r.6

54.5

10.8

5

30.16

30.01

30.096

67.0

31'

57-5

5A

62.3

60.6

55 7

0.2

6

30.16

30.04

30.106

59.0

12 P

530

6a

56.0

56.0

550

0.0

7

30.04

29.81

29.936

«3-5

4P

58 0

5 A

70.7

69.7

66.7

7.1

8

29.81

29 66

29743

865

2:30 P

70.5

6a

78.5

74-9

70.7

7 2

9

30.15

2974

29.985

74.5

3 P

60.0

5A

673

64.3

53-3

11.5

10

30.3S

30 15

30.329

76.5

2:30?

44-5

6A

60.5

59 7

50.5

12.0

II

30.53

30.38

30.459

75.0

3:30 p

42.0

6:30 A

5S.5

57 5

5'-3

II. 5

12

30.42

30.16

30.302

77.5

4P

41.0

5:30 A

59 3

58.5

51-5

II.O

'3

30.16

29 96

30.078

84.0

3P

550

6a

69.5

647

57.3

11.5

'4

30.04

29.90

29.977

89.5

3 P

48.0

5 A

68.7

68.2

635

10.3

15

29.91

29.77

29816

74.0

9A

62.5

12 P

68.3

68.2

67.7

0.4

16

30.14

29 80

30.036

68.5

2 p

44.0

12 P

56.3

58.8

523

'0.3

'7

30.26

30.10

30.184

67 0

3 P

370

7 A

52.0

52.7

47-3

11.5

18

30.10

29.95

30.066

730

3P

41.5

5:30 A

57-3

56.0

50.5

7.8

•9

30.12

2999

30094

630

3P

41.0

12 P

52.0

52.6

453

U 0

20

30 15

30.01

30.116

73-0

3P

36.5

6a

547

55.2

49 7

10.5

21

30.06

29.95

29.981

74.5

3 P

430

6a

58.7

59-2

52.0

10.5

22

29.97

2992

29.957

750

2 P

56.0

0 A

65-5

63-5

59-7

7.0

23

2994

29.73

29.850

71.0

4 P

54.0

12 P

62.5

62.5

60.5

06

24

2986

29.79

29841

65 0

3 P

47.0

5A

56.0

56.0

55-5

9-3

25

29.8S

29.76

29.847

64.0

4:30 P

45.0

12 P

54-5

52.6

46.0

8.6

26

29.99

29.88

29.963

i 71.0

4 P

37-5

5:30 A

54 3

54.0

47.3

12. 1

27

30.04

29.93

30.015

83.5

1 ^'^

55-5

0 A

69.5

67.0

59 3

8-3

28

30.05

2994

29.999

79.0

i 2:30 P

590

6 A

69.0

684

63-3

lO.O

29

29.95

2968

29 830

77.0

12 M

52.0

12 P

64.5

65.5

60.3

S-o

30

30.25

2979

30.0S5

59.0

2:30 P

39-0

12 P

49.0

50.0

42.7

10.1

DAILY SUMMARY.

Huiuidit}

Wind.

Precipita

tion.

l2

Total in

0

0.

>

5 Ji

c 3 a"

0.

bi

c

'S

bi

Inches.

♦

3

a! S c

So. 2

: *>

StL,

a> V 3

'5 tj

> 1)

HS.5

C/1 k4

1) 3

n: 0

4;

c

c
So
m

'■5

a
W

0
c

IT)

1

630

710

84.0

s.s.w.

87

1-5

'7

8 P

2

56.0

601

78.0

W.N.W.

254

50

32

II A

3

41.0

383

68.5

N.W.

74

2.0

20

9A

4

50-5

509

74-5

s.s.w.

160

3-5

26

4 ^

5

53-5

496

83.0

E.N.E.

107

0.0

—

—

I P

T

6

54.0

456

9'-5

N N.W.

38

0.0

—

—

0 A

9 A

.24

7

655

7'5

90.5

s.s w.

65

I.O

14

3 ^

4A

5A

.01

8

695

780

92 0

w.

120

0.5

10

II A

4 P

12 }'

.04

9

455

545

56.0

N.N.E.

222

30

24

9A

10

44-5

485

655

N.N.E.

108

1.0

14

12 M

1 1

47 0

427

78.5

S.S.E.

52

0.0

—

—

[2

49 5

440

83-5

S.S.W.

100

I.O

14

3 H

'3

54 5

53'

81.0

S.S.W.

80

I 0

•4

2 F

'4

639

636

950

W.S.W.

35

0.0

—

—

'5

67.0

704

950

s.

104

2-5

22

9A

5A

9P

2.30

i6

490

455

77.0

N.N.W.

139

••5

•7

12 M

'7

44 0

365

78.5

s.w.

38

0.5

10

2 P

i8 4«-5

403

86. 5

s.s.w.

66

I.O

14

3 i"

3 P

12 P

.10

19 4'o

351

74.0

N.N W.

102

1-5

17

7 A

0 A

2 A

.01

20 47-5

400

84.0

S.S.W.

67

0-5

10

II A

21 1 505

420

91.0

s.s.w.

136

3-5

26

I P

22 580

515

88.0

s s.w.

149

2.0

20

2 P

23

590

557

92.0

s.

159

2.0

20

4>

8a

8 P

1. 12

24

54.0

482

f^5-5

ws.w.

109

30

24

10 A

25

47-5

461

72.5

N.W.

III

2-5

26

II A

26

42 5

378

74.0

W.S.W.

98

1-5

17

lO A

27

56 0

594

77-5

s.

128

'■5

17

2 P

28

6. .5

636

87.0

s.

2l8

3-0

24

2 P

10 p

T

29

59.0

536

88s

w.

320

9-5

44

2 P

I p

II p

1.26

30

36.5

327

67.0

N.

271

4.0

28

9A

**Kain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

•Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during September was generally seasonable, and
more pleasant than any of the summer months preceding it.
More than one-half the days were clear and only four were re-
corded as cloudy. The large amount of sunshine aided the ma-
turing of the fall crops and the absence of heavy frosts extended
the growing season to the close of the month, giving com ample
time to mature. A few traces of frost were noted after the mid-
dle of the month but they were so light that no damage was done.

An analysis of the weather records for the month shows the
following features: All the barometer records were nearly nor-
mal and changes in pressure were rather slow. Nearly one-half
the time the wind was in the southwest quadrant. The total
wind movement was about ten per cent more than the normal,
although only one gale was registered on the pressure chart.

The maximum and minimum temperatures were both a few
degrees above the normals for these records, while the mean
hourly temperature was slightly below the normal for this station.
The range of temperature on the 14th was unusually large.

The mean dew point was slightly below the normal and the
relative humidity rather high.

The total precipitation was an inch more than usual. Nearly
the whole amount fell during three heavy storms, — the one on
tho 15th being the most severe.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
J. S. SIMS, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 334.

OCTOBER, 19 16

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W.

Height of haroineter above ground, ^i ft. Above sea level, 2"/^.^ ft.
Height of Wind Instrutnents 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressnie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.22, i8th, 10 p
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.21, I7tli, 4 A
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.53, iStii, 10 p
Reduced! minimum reading, 29.50, 17th, 4 a

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.131

Monthly range 1.03

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest S4.0, 8th, 3:30 P

Lowest 25.5, 18th, 6 A

Mean hourly 50,9

Mean of means of max. and min 51.7

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 44.9

Monthly range 58;

Highest mean daily 67. S, 20th

Lowest mean daily 39.6, iSth

Mean maximum 65.2

Mean minimum 38.1

Mean daily range ?7.i

Greatest daily range 43.0, 8th

Least daily range 9.5, 20th

Hnmidity.

Mean dew point 41.3

Mean force of vapor 360

Mean relative humidity 78.4

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches i.oi

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 3

* Temperature in ground shelter,
t Reduced to freezing and sea-level,

Wind.

Total movement 4176 m

Greatest daily movement 422m, 17th

Least daily movement 3m, 3d

Mean daily movement 135 ni

Mean hourly velocity 5.6 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 20.o|lbs =

63m per hour, 17th, iia, W.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 42m per

hour, 17th, 2P, W.N.W.
Prevailing direction. West Northwest.

Summary.

North Northwest 13 per cent

West 16 "

West Southwest 10 "

.South Southwest 10 '

Northwest 13 "

North 16 '

Other directions 22 '

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 43 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . .113 hours = 33 per cent

Number of clear days 14

Number of fair days 11

Number of cloudy days 6

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 22S hrs, = 67 per cent
Rain. 9th, 13th, 19th, 20th, 2ist, 25th, 29th,

31st.
Frosts, 2d, 3d, I2th, i8th, 23d, 24th, 27th.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour. 41m, 13th,

S.W.; 39m, 14th, N.W.; 63m,|i7th, W.N.

W.; 36m, 19th, E.S.E.; 46m, 20th, S.; 38m,

26th, N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

'oS

S

ea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

£i

£
3

S
3

"a

s

3

£

3

T3

J3

3 c
0 3

Q

rt

c
'c

is

C J.
rt c

£

rt

£

£

i
34.5

. £

0 ri
rt d c

01 0 E

I

30.39

30.25

30.390

65.5

3:30 P

6a

50.0

47.6

42.7

10.2

2

3045

3027

30.388

69.5

4P

34.0

6:30 A

517

49.1

430

10.7

3

30.29

30.20

30.279

74.5

3:30 P

350

6:30 A

54.7

52.6

47.5

9-7

4

30.36

30.25

30352

71.0

3:30 P

45.0

0 A

58.0

54.5

50.3

7.8

5

3039

30.15

30.295

So.o

3P

42.0

3:30 A

61.0

580

51.3

8.2

6

30.15

2994

30.065

79-5

2 P

555

5:30 A

67.5

64.6

59.3

6.0

7

30.19

30.06

30.167

75.0

4P

47.0

6:30 A

61.0

57.0

510

lO.O

8

30.1 1

2984

30004

84.0

3:30 P

41.0

6A

62.5

60.8

543

8.7

9

30.00

29 66

29.851

77.0

2 P

43.0

r2 P

60.0

62.7

55.0

3-5

10

30.23

30.00

30.196

53.0

2 P

34.5

6:30 A

43.7

46.5

36.5

10.5

II

30.18

30.11

30.147

58.0

3:30 P

370

I A

47 5

45-9

42.3

5-3

12

30.32

30.18

30.279

67.0

3P

31.0

6a

49.0

47 7

40.3

9-5

«3

30.18

2963

29.845

63.0

10:30 A

43.0

1:30 A

53.0

53.8

517

1.8

14

30.13

2973

30.057

54.0

3P

330

12 P

43.5

43 3

36.7

96

•5

30.13

2981

29990

62.5

2 p

325

6:30 A

47.5

48..

37.0

7-9

i6

29.81

2964

29.782

65.0

3P

49.0

7A

57.0

55-9

50.0

53

17

30.24

29.50

29847

62.0

6a

33.5

12 P

47 7

50.0

45.0

7.2

i8

30.53

3024

30.486

56.0

2:30 p

255

6 A

40.7

39.6

357

9.5

'9

30.51

29.76

30.121

65.0

12 p

33-5

3A

493

46.5

39-0

0.0

20

29.80

29.61

29723

74.5

2:30 p

65.0

6a

69.7

67.8

66.0

3.8

21

29.91

29.62

29.770

69.0

2 P

42.0

12 p

55.5

60.4

50.3

71

22

30.37

29.91

30.205

565

2:30?

33.0

7A

447

438

37-3

9-3

23

30.52

3037

30-459

58.0

3:.3o P

300

7A

44.0

42.9

35-5

9.0

24

30.37

30.25

30307

56.5

4 P

28.0

7 A

423

42.0

357

8.8

25

30.27

29.84

30.109

62.5

1:30 P

31.0

6a

46.7

47 4

41-5

8.5

26

30.12

29.75

29.967

56.0

2 P

35.5

12 P

45-7

49.8

40.5

9.3

27

30.19

3004

30 134

56.5

3P

26.5

7 A

41.5

41.0

340

8.8

28

30.37

30.10

30.327

62.5

3:30 P

34 5

4 A

485

45.9

42.5

9.8

29

30.44

30.24

30.392

60.5

1:30 P

32.0

5:30 A

46.3

46.2

41.5

7.2

30

30.24

3005

30.152

65.0

3P

47.5

4:30 A

56.3

547

52.3

3.3

31

30.05

29.91

29985

62.5

2:30 P

46.5

3A

51.5

51-5

48.7

2.0

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

u^

1 Total in

Q

k4
0

>

bo ■

^.2

<U in

§ j; rt

E 3 a-

0.

bit

c

'5

bi

Inches.

I

Q

- <u

<D ii :3

'5 0

> 0)

£5

0 0*

HS.S

ni 0) J-

— 0

s

c
Ei
DQ

c
W

c

a;

0

c
in

I

36.0

318

69.5

N.

185

30

24

9A

2

41.5

299

86.5

N.

37

0.0

—

—

3

455

364

85.0

N.

3

0.0

—

—

4

48.0

401

85.0

N.

6

0.0

—

—

5

49.0

428

86.0

W.

47

0-5

10

7 P

6

58.5

525

930

W.

123

I.O

14

3 P

7

485

406

86.0

N N.W.

23

0-5

10

II A

8

52.0

492

84.0

w.s.w.

5«

0-5

10

3P

9

51-5

509

78.5

N.W.

198

5.0

32

9P

12 M

T

(0

315

243

73-5

N.N.W.

267

5-5

33

3A

II

39-5

298

80.0

W.

107

1.0

14

2 P

12

36.0

530

73-0

s.s.w.

48

0.0

—

—

13

49-5

420

850

s.s.w.

307

8.5

41

5 P

2 P

7 P

.07

14

31.0

253

68.5

N.N W.

305

7-5

39

2 A

'5

29-5

265

64.0

W.S.W.

193

3-0

24

6 p

16

47.0

409

78.0

w.

178

2.5

•yy

II p

'7

390

374

68.0

W.N.W.

422

20.0

63

II A

18

33-5

235

81.5

E.N.E.

28

0.5

10

8p

•9

42,0

308

90.5

N.E.

79

6.5

36

2 p

8a

II P

.92

20

65.S

656

95.0

S.S.W.

339

10.5

46

12 p

5 P

T

21

46.5

420

78.0

N.W.

353

50

32

I A

6a

8a

.02

22

30.0

263

64.0

N.W.

112

2.0

20

3P

23

305

240

71-5

N.

58

0 0

—

24

32.0

237

77.0

E.N.E.

18

0.0

—

—

25

370

313

74-5

S.W.

120

4-5

30

6p

9P

T

26

31.0

32'

56.5

N.W.

274

7.0

38

12 M

27

27.5

233

66.5

W.

70

1.0

14

8p

28

37-0

3.6

72.0

N.N.W.

84

0.5

10

I p

29

37-5

302

79.0

W.S.W.

73

0.0

—

—

10 p

T

30

51-0

411

92 0

s.

43

0.0

—

—

31

47.0

364

90.0

s.

18

0.0

9P

12 p

T

'Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

*Included in following day.

REMARKS

During the month ideal autumn weather was in evidence al-
most the whole time. With only three days showing a measura-
ble amount of rainfall and nearly one-half the days recorded as
clear, and more than one-third of the days fair, there was but
little room left for improvement. The large amount of sunshine,
mild temperature and rather low humidity, combined to make
weather conditions most agreeable.

The various weather elements show a number of features of
interest when their records are compared with the normals at this
station.

The mean barometer was considerably higher than the normal,
and the range of pressure slightly smaller than usual. While the
maximum and minimum records were both nearly normal, the
interval between the two records was unusually short. The total
wind movement was a little more than usual, and several gales of
moderate intensity were registered on the pressure chart. The
wind direction was more nearly normal than during the last few
months.

The maximum temperature was five degrees higher than the
normal and the minimum about two degrees higher, giving a
slightly greater range than usual. The mean temperature was
slightly above the normal.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both nearly
normal.

The total precipitation was practically one inch, making it the
dry est month so far this year. Owing, however, to the large pre-
cipitation which occurred during the summer, the absence of much
rain was not particularly felt.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
J. S. SIMS, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 335.

NOVEMBER, 1916

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGlilCULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72" 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft' Above sea level, 2"/ 3.3 ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments J 2 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressuie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.23, 7th, 8 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 28.72, 23d, 12 p
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.55, 7th, 8 A
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.02, 23d, 12 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.101

Monthly range 1.53

*Air Temperatore. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 64.0, 9th, 4 P

Lowest 12.5, 22d, 7 A

Mean hourly 37-4

Mean of means of max. and min 38.1

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 33.9

Monthly range 5i 5

Highest mean daily 52.8, gth

Lowest mean daily , . . . 22.9, 27th

Mean maximum 48. o

Mean minimum 28. i

Mean daily range i9-9

Greatest daily range 34.5> 22d

Least daily range 7.5, 12th

Hnmidlty.

Mean dew point 30.5

Mean force of vapor 272

Mean relative humidity 82.3

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 3.29

Total snow, in inches ij

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 10

* Temperature in ground:shelter.
t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 3929 m

Greatest daily movement .382m, 24th

Least daily movement im, 17th

Mean daily movement 131 m

Mean hourly velocity 5.5 ni

Maximum pressure per square foot, 22.5 lbs =

67m per hour, 23d, 8 p, S.S.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 40m per

hour, 23d, 9P, S.S.W.
Prevailing direction. West.

Summary.

West Southwest 10 per cent

West 23 "

West Northwest 17 "

South 13 "

North 10 "

Other directions 27 "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 51 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . .152 hours = 52 per cent

Number of clear days 5

Number of fair days 13

Number of cloudy days 12

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 141 hrs, = 48 per cent
Rain. 4th, 5th, 9th, 13th, 14th, 23d, 29th,

30th.
Snow, 15th, i6th, 17th.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour. 38m, gtli,

S.S W.; 36m, nth, W.N.W.; 36m, 16th,

N.W.; 67m,23d,S.S.W.; 39m,24th, W.; 41m,

2;th, W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

0 c

S

ea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

"^

c4

s

3

B

S

£
3
S
'y.

V

E
3
S
'c

V

£

-0

1) 0 2

3 C
0 3

Q

IS

29.98

is

29.903

S

H

s

H

sss

ssa

^^.^

M

I

2982

60.0

2:30 P

43-0

12 P

515

50.8

47-3

30

2

3003

29.98

30025

59-5

3P

37-0

7 A

48.i

46.7

37-5

8.3

3

30.17

29 96

30.094

510

I p

320

6a

41.5

41.6

390

7-7

4

30.19

30.11

30.158

55-0

3P

31.0

7A

43-0

42.4

41.0

8-3

S

30-43

30.11

30.292

49.0

0 A

35-5

7 P

42.3

37 4

37-3

0.0

6

30-51

3043

30489

52.5

4 P

30.5

8:30 A

4'-5

3S.2

31.0

9.0

7

30-55

3040

30496

565

3P

24.0

7:30 A

40.3

38.1

32-7

7-3

8

30.40

30.08

30234

6i.o

3P

34-0

6a

47-5

45.6

407

7.0

9

30.08

29 60

29.804

64.0

4 P

41 S

7A

52.2.

52.8

48.7

7-0

lO

29.91

29.72

29957

55 5

12 M

360

12 p

45-7

46.4

38-3

7.5

II

30.46

2991

30.310

505

2 P

29.0

12 p

.39-7

40.9

36.5

9-5

12

30-54

3024

30433

35-0

12 P

27-5

7:30 A

313

31-9

30-3

0.0

13

30.24

2972

30.058

42.5

3 P

340

3A

38.3

37-4

36.0

0 0

14

30.14

29.70

29912

40.0

0 A

22.0

12 P

31.0

32.6

30.5

0.5

•5

30.16

3004

30.108

38.5

3P

21 0

5A

297

27-3

23-7

6.9

i6

30.23

30.03

30.157

355

I p

20.5

7A

28.0

27.6

23-7

7.0

17

3023

2992

30.109

280

3P

17.0

3A"

225

23-9

23.7

0 0

i8

2995

2986

29926

41.0

2 p

235

5:30 A

32.3

31-3

29.0

5-5

'9

2986

29.75

29.767

49-5

3 P

27.0

12 P

383

36.0

3'-3

7-5

20

30-13

29.77

29927

46.0

I p

26 0

12 P

36.0

34-9

323

2-3

21

3041

30 13

30-356

37-5

3:30 P

18.0

12 P

277

26.2

22.3

85

22

30-40

3003

30.188

47.0

3P

12 5

7A

29.7

28.2

233

7 I

23

24

30-03
29-75

29.02
2902

29670
29527

57-5
57 5

12 p

0 A

235

330

6a
12 p

40 -5_
45-3

36.0
44.6

40.5
40.3

00

0.8

25

30.21

29-75

30085

330

0 A

19 0

10 p

26.0

27.0

245

6.0

26

30.48

30 2 1

30.438

29.0

3:30 P

'95

10 p

24-3

22.9

19.0

69

27

30.46

30.21

30-332

51.0

2 P

200

0 A

35-5

36.5

305

6.2

28

30-32

3o.'5

30.263

47-5

3--30 P

295

7:30 A

38.5

39-9

34-3

1-7

29

3025

30.00

30-174

565

1:30 p

380

I A

47-3

47 9

46.0

0.0

30

30.00

2977

29.835

54.0

5 A

39.0

12 P

46.5

48.1

48.3

0.0

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity

Wind.

Precipitation.

1

fe

Total in

Q

1-*

0

a

>

•-2

bJOr

S 3 a-

ft

c
'c

bi

Inches.

#

n!

Q

rt5 s
Dud

£5

■So'*

nj 0) I-

20.4 CU

~ 0

E

c

'3)
i>
m

c
W

0

G
t/)

I

46.0

336

94-5

w.

u6

30

24

3 P

2

320

260

70.5

w.

181

3-5

26

II A

3

365

255

840

N.W.

182

5-0

32

2 P

4

40.0

265

92.0

N.

87

I.O

14

II p

10 P

12 P

■13

5

35 5

230

9'-5

N.E.

116

0.5

10

3 P

6a

I P

•37

6

27-5

186

82.5

N.

92

0.0

—

—

7

285

213

78.5

E.

36

00

—

—

8

39 5

272

940

S.

"3

1-5

17

9?

9

46.5

386

84.0

s.s.w.

151

7.0

38

9P

10 p

II P

.07

to

330

261

74-5

W.N.W.

229

3-0

24

II A

1 1

315

257

73-5

W.N.W.

233

6.5

36

10 A

12! 28.0 1

181

82.5

N.W.

10

0 0

—

13

34 -o

222

885

WN.W.

40

0.0

—

—

8p

12 P

•13

•4

29 0

177

92 0

N.N.W.

134

2-5

22

3 P

0 A

10 A

.20

15

20.0

136

8r.5

N.N.E.

107

0-5

10

II A

II P

12 P

T

T

16

21.0

135

845

W.N.W.

157

65

36

12 M

0 A

3A

.02

1

17

21-5

134

87.5

W.

I

2.0

20

10 P

7 A

12 P

.05

li

r8

260

169

84.5

W.

35

1.0

14

2 P

'9

27.5

189

80.5

S.W.

47

1.0

14

12 M

20! 28.S 1

200

81.0

W.N.W.

38

5.0

32

10 P

21! 17.0

131

75.0

N.

192

35

26

7A

22 185

147

77.0

W.

25

0.0

—

—

23 380

300

89-5

s.

43

22.5

67

8p

10 A

10 P

1-34

24 37 5

276

83.0

w.

382

7-5

39

I p

25: 21.5

145

79-5

w.

364

8-5

41

lO A

26 10.5

116

66.0

w.s.w.

210

5.0

32

II A

27I 235

198

64.5

w.s.w.

225

3-0

24

5A

28

280

228

69.5

s.

160

1-5

17

3P

29

45 5

336

965

s.

83

4-5

30

12 p

6 P

12 P

09

30

44.0

340

87.5

w.s.w.

140

5.0

32

6 A

0 A

3P

.89

'Kain or ineltedsnow at base of tower.

'Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather conditions during November were generally sea-
sonable, and features of unusual interest were but few. A small
amount of snow occurred about the middle of the month, which
was rather early, and ice of some little thickness was formed about
a week later. More than two-thirds of the total precipitation oc-
curred during the last third of the month.

An examination in detail of the records of the several weather
elements shows the following features of more or less interest:
The mean dew point was rather high, while the maximum was
practically normal. The minimum pressure was recorded at mid-
night of the 23d, following the heaviest rainstorm of the month,
which occurred while the barometer was falling rapidly. The re-
covery of pressure the next day was almost as rapid as the fall
had been. The total wind movement was more than ten per cent
less than the normal, and the largest daily movements were from
the West.

Both the maximum and minimum temperatures were nearly
normal, while the mean for the month was about one degree
lower than usual. The greatest daily range was on the date of
lowest temperature.

The mean dew point was normal, while the relative humidity
was more than six points higher than usual.

The total precipitation was slightly more than the nonnal, and
more than three times the amount of the preceding month. The
snowfall was more than usual so early in the season.

The amount of cloudiness recorded and the amount obtained
by estimation at the 8 a m. and 8 p. m. observations were un-
usually concordant. The percentage of sunshine was slightly
more than the average.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

J. S. SIMS, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 336.

DECEMBER, 19 16

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATIOIN.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, ^r ft. Above sea level, 2jj.j ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30,15, 26th, 3 p
Minimum reduced to freezing, 2S.65, 22d, 2 p
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.47, 26tii, 3 p
Reducedt minimum reading, 28.96, 22d, 2 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.932

Monthly range 1.51

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 54,5, sth, 3 p

Lowest 0.0, 31st, 6 A

Mean hourly 26.5

Mean of means of max. and min 26.5

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 24.0

Monthly range 54

Highest mean daily 47.5, 5th

Lowest mean daily 10.4, 30th

Mean maximum 33.7

Mean minimum 19.5

Mean daily range 14.2

Greatest daily range 24.5, 18th

Least daily range 3.0, 23d

Humidity.

Mean dew point 20

Mean force of vapor 149

Mean relative humidity 81.7

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 2.85

Total snow, in inches 9^

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 10

Days of Sleii^hing 20

■'Temperature in ground shelter.

t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 4026 m

Greatest daily movement .387m, 23d

Least daily movement om, 4th

Mean daily movement 130 m

Mean hourly velocity 5-4 ni

Maximum pressure per square foot, 15.5 lbs =

56m per hour, 22d, 12 p, W.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes 32m per

hour, 22d, 9P, W N.W.
Prevailing direction. West Northwest.

Summary.

North Northwest 16 per cent

West 13 "

North 10 "

Northwest 19 "

West Northwest 23 "

Other directions iq "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 53 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . .156 hours = 55 per cent

Number of clear days 6

Number of fair days u

Number of cloudy days 14

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 127 hrs, = 45 per cent
Rain. 4tli, 5th, 9th, 22d, 27th, 2Sth.
Snow, nth, 12th, 15th, 2ist, 25th, 2Sth.
Hail. 27th, 28th.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour. 45m, 6th,

N.N W.; 35m, i2th, W.N.W.; 39m, 13th,

W.N.W.; 43m,i6th,N.W.: 56m,22d.W.N. W.;

45m, 25th, W.N. W.: 37m, 2Sth, W.N.W.;

35m. 2gth. W.N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

■oS

Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

£^

Q

3

E

rt

i

3
e

'a

.-a
e -

2c«

s

3

£
><

1

H
3

'5

V

£

T3

nl 3 rt
D 0 2

3 c

0 3
CQ

I

29.85

29.60

29.769

41-5

2 P

33-5

7 A

37-5

36.0

32-3

5-3

2

29.99

29.59

29-^37

42.0

0:30 P

30.0

I A

36.0

364

35-3

2.0

3

30.26

29.99

30.207

44.0

2 P

31.0

12 P

37-5

36.1

32-3

6.9

4

30.26

29.92

30.144

44-5

2 P

370

II P

40.7

38.0

37-0

0.0

5

29.92

29.56

29.669

54-5

3P

3S.0

0 A

463

47-5

46.5

0 2

6

29.74

29.60

29.646

47 -o

0 A

36.0

3 P

41.5

39-4

37-3

1-7

7

3003

29.74

29.964

430

3oO P

31.0

12 P

37-0

36.8

32-7

7-7

8

30.10

3003

30,078

50.5

4P

26.5

6a

38.5'

33-9

28.7

7.6

9

30.06

2986

29953

38.5

3 P

27.0

4:30 A

32.7

33-0

34.7

0.0

10

30.16

29.94

30.099

37-0

I p

28.0

7:30 A

32-5

31-5

29-5

4.0

II

30.16

29.67

29.977

37-5

1:30 p

22.5

5--30 A

30.0

30.1

26.5

0.2

12

29.67

29.11

29.380

340

9P

25.0

2 p

29.5

3I-7

3^-7

00

«3

29.86

29.47

29.7S7

31.0

I p

14 0

12 p

22.5

23.S

19-7

7.0

'4

30.12
30-03

29.86
29 22

30.106
29.798

30.0
19.0

2:30 p
4 P

7-5
14.5

6:30 A
4:30 A

18-5

19.1

17.4

15-3
170

7.0

•5

16.7

0.0

i6

29.60

29 20

29.360

23.0

3P

II.O

12 P

17.0

18.3

17.0

7.2

'7

29.S4

29 60

29738

25-5

2 P

8.0

12 P

16.7

16.5

13-7

70

i8

29.91

29.61

29.823

28.0

1:30 P

3-5

6 A

iS-7

15-5

i'-7

6.8

'9

29.90

29.60

29.702

27-5

0:30 p

14.5

II P

21.0

19.8

19.0

2.2

20

30.08

29.90

30.091

18.5

2:30 p

4.0

7:30 A

"3

16.5

II-7

4.8

21

30.06

29.98

30033

29.0

12 p

14.0

0 A

21.5

23-7

22.7

0.0

22

29.98

28.96

29437

38.0

12 M

24.5

12 P

3'-3

313

29.0

0.0

23

29.99

29.47

29.905

28.0

3P

25.0

8 A

26.5

25.7

24.0

7-1

24

30.10

29.86

30.060

30.5

3 P

2'-5

5:30 A

26.0

26 0

233

7-3

25

30.25

29.41

29.830

34-5

12 M

19.0

12 P

26.7

24-3

19-3

3-0

26

3047

3042

30452

27.0

2:30 P

65

8a

16.7

16.6

10.5

8.2

27

3044

30.02

30-303

330

12 P

17.0

0 A

25.0

23.2

24.0

0.0

28

30.01

29.83

29.936

38.5

2 P

25.0

12 P

312.
i5T

319

293

1.2

29

30.29

30.01

30.241

25.0

0 A

8.0

12 P

19.5

16.0

8.6

30

3032

30.21

30.271

21.0

2:30 P

I.O

6a

II.O

10 4

6.7

6.6

31

30-37

3017

i

30.299

23.0

2 P

0.0

6 a

11.5

12.7

10.5

7-1

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

fe

Total in

Q .

u

0

a

>

Il

c .
1) <n

C 3 CT

<L>

ft

be

c

'S

bi

Inches.

*

c ■*-*

c u

c ti'c

nj u

ii <i>"'"

■5 ^C/}

I/) ^

0

c

J:

a

Una

> 0)

HS.S

7Z 0

H

•3

a
W

c
'ci

Pi

0

c
in

I

285

.196

81.0

N.W.

166

3-S

26

12 M

2

315

.224

78.5

W.

137

30

24

12 M

3

28.S

.197

81.5

W.N.W.

8

0-5

10

I P

4

33-5

.226

85.0

S.S.W.

0

0.0

—

—

7 P

12 P

T

5

43-5

•350

81.5 1 s.s.w.

98

30

24

12 M

0 A

8a

.05

6

34-0

•239

81.5

W.N.W

276

lO.O

45

5 P

7

27.5

.206

74-5

N.W.

362

5.0

32

I p

8

235

• 17s

74-5

N.N.W.

47

I.O

14

7 A

9

33-5

.204

95-5

N.

3

2-5

22

12 P

2 P

9P

•25

10

26.5

.172

87-0

N.W.

229

5-0

32

5 A

II

22.5

•153

83.0

w.s.w.

57

30

24

7 P

4P

12 p

•03

h

12

30.0

.183

92-5

WN.W.

51

6.0

35

12 p

0 A

9P

1.03

3i

. '3

145

.119

74-5

W.N.W.

244

7-5

39

7A

14

lO.O

.098

72.5

W.

54

2-5

22

3P

15

15.0

.098

91.0

N.W.

68

2.0

20

10 p

7 A

10 p

.42

4^

16

13.0

.103

79.0

W.N.W.

327

9.0

43

I p

•7

10. 0

.088

80.0

W.N.W.

116

2.0

20

3 P

18

8.0

.082

79.0

N.N.W.

23

I 5

17

9A

19

16.5

.109

88.0

N.N.W.

147

4.0

28

9A

20

65

.083

74-5

W.

16

0.0

—

21

20.0

.129

84.S

E.

24

0.5

10

4 P

6a

9A

.04

1

22

26.0

.167

89.0

N.N.W.

164

iS-5

56

12 P

5 A

5 P

.86

23

175

.141

71.0

W.

387

5-5

33

10 A

24

20.0

•133

84.0

N.W.

78

1.0

14

4A

25

13.0

.117

70.0

WN.W.

151

lO.O

45

2 P

0 A

2 A

.02

i

26

6.0

.078

78.0

N.N.W.

161

3-5

26

10 P

27

22.5

.136

90.5

N.N.E.

90

1-5

17

0 A

7A

12 P

.09

28

26.5

.169

89.0

s.w.

154

7.0

37

6p

0 A

I p

.06

T

29

10.5

.100

75-5

N.W.

260

6.0

35

I A

30

30

.066

80.0

N.

63

2.0

20

I P

31

7.0

.077

86.0

N.

65

2.5

22

II A

••Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

•Included in following day.

Annual Summary for 1916.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing,

Minimum reduced to freezing,

Maximum reduced to freezing and sea-level,
Minimum reduced to freezing and sea-level, .
Mean reduced to freezing and sea-level, . . •
Annual range,

30.31, Jan. 8th, g A.; Jan. 29th, 10 a.

28.45. Feb. 25th, 12 p.

30.64, Jan. 8th, 9 a.

2S.76, Feb. 25th, 12 p.

30.006

*Air Temperature. In degrees Fahr.

Highest, 95-5, Aug. 22d, 3:3oP.

Lowest —16.0, Feb. 15th, 9A.

Mean hourly, 46.0

Mean of means of max. and min., 46.4

Mean sensible (wet bulb) , 42-2

Annual range, 1H.5

Highest mean daily 79.3, Aug. 22

Lowest mean daily, i-3- Feb. 15

Mean maximum, 5^.6

Mean minimum, 36-2

Mean daily range, 20.4

Greatest daily range 43-5. Mar. 26

Least daily range 3-o- Dec. 23

HuinuUty.

Mean dew point, 3S.4

Mean force of vapor, 370

Mean relative humidity, 80.3

AVind.

Prevailing direction, West.

Summary.

Nortliwest, 9 Per cent

South Southwest 14 " "

West 14 "

South 11" "

West Northwest 10 " "

North 9 "

Other directions, 33 " "

Total movement, 52.45° rn

Greatest daily movement 5i'5n''-. Feb. 28

Least daily movement, o m., Dec. 4

Mean daily movement, 143 m

Mean hourly velocity, 6.0 m

*Temperature in ground shelter.

Maximum pressure per square foot, 25.0 lbs. =71

m. per hour, Jan 23, i \., W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 48 m. per

hour, Apr. 15th, 10 A., N.

Precipitation. In inches.
Total precipitation, rain or melted snow, . 45.61
Number of days on which .01 or more rain

or melted snow fell, 126

Snow total in inches, 59.5

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, 53 per cent.

Total cloudiness recorded by Sun Thermom-
eter, 2418 hrs.=53 per cent.

Number of clear days, . 121

Number of fair days, 129

Number of cloudy days, 136

Brijjlit Suiisliine.
Number of hours recorded, 2036 hrs.^47 per cent.

Dates of Frosts.

Last May lOth

First, Sept. 17th

Dates of Snow.

Last : • • April 14th

First Nov. 15th

Total days of sleighing 99

Gales of 50 or More iVIiles Per Hour.

Jan, 22d, 59m., W.; Jan. 23d. 71m., W.: Feb.
7th, 54m, W.N.W.; Feb 19th, 51m., W.; Feb.
28th, 57m. ,W N.W.: April 15th, 6ini,N.; May
nth, 61 m,W.; May 12th, 62m, W.N. W.;Aug.
23d, 64m., S.S.W.; Oct. 17th 63m, W.N. W.;
Nov. 23d,67m,S.S.W.; Dec. 22d,56m.,W.N.W.

J. S. SIMS,

Observer.

E. OSTRANDER,

Meteorologist.

BULLETIN No. 337.

JANUARY, 1917

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, ST ft. Above sea level, 2^^.^ ft.
Height oj IVind Instrutnents 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressoie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to treezing, 30.42, iSth, 10 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.05, loth, 5 p
Rediicedt maximum reading, 30.74, 15th, 10 A
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.36, loth, 5 P

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.007

Monthly range 1.38

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 47,5, 14th, 8:30 A

Lowest -3.5, 27th, 6 A

Mean hourly 23.1

Mean of means of max. and min 23.5

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 21.3

Monthly range 510

Highest mean daily 36.4, 9th

Lowest mean daily , . . . 5.4, 12th

Mean maximum 31.7

Mean minimum 15.3

Mean daily range 16.4

Greatest daily range 32.5, 27th

Least daily range 3.0, 5th

HnmiditF.

Mean dew point 17.6

Mean force of vapor 133

Mean relative humidity 82.4

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 3.64

Total snow, in inches 15

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 9

Days of Sleighing

* Temperature in ground shelter.

t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 4701 m

Greatest daily movement 391m, 19th

Least daily movement 7m, 14th

Mean daily movement 152 m

Mean hourly velocity 6.3 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 16.0 lbs =

57m per hour, 14th, 9 A, S.S.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes 36m per

hour, 14th, 9A, S.S.W.
Prevailing direction, West.

Summary.

North Northwest 10 per cent

West 10 "

West Southwest 10 '

Northwest 19 "

West Northwest 16 "

Southwest 13 "

Other directions 22 "

Weather.
Mean cloudiness observed .... 64 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 163 hours = 55 per cent

Number of clear days g

Number of fair days 6

Number of cloudy days 16

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 131 hrs, = 45 per cent

Rain. 5th, 14th, 31st.

Snow, 3d, 13th, i8th, 2ist,22d, 25th, 26th,27th.

28th, 29th, 31st.
Hail. 13th.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour. 36m, 6th,

N.N.W.; 45m, 7th, N.W.; 35m, nth, N.;

35m,i2th,N.N.W.; 57m, 14th, S.S.W.; 35m,

17th, W.N. W.; 41m, 19th, N.W.; 46m, 22d,

N.W.: 37m, 25th, N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Red

uced to

0 C

S

ea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

«^

Q

c
S

IS

S

3
S
'c

C ^

s

3

s

4>

£

£
3
S
'c

s

-a

CS X' c
0) ai.S

0 a
6 s:

I

30.17

2972

29.865

31.0

6p

16.0

5 A

23-5

24.0

23-3

1.2

2

3004

29.74

29.927

38.5

6:30 A

290

0 A

33-7

34.7

34-3

06

3

30-03

2972

29.867

33.0

2 A

24.0

6:30 A

28.5

24.1

27.0

00

4

30.14

29.81

30.061

38.0

4P

27-5

8:30 A

327

.- 31-4

29.7

3-9

5

30.14

29.45

29788

35-0

8:30 p

32.0

0 A

335

33-5

33-5

00

6

30.10

2945

29.910

34-0

3P

22.0

II P

28.0

31.2

28.0

82

7

30.09

2978

29.871

43-5

3P

23.0

I A

33-3

32.2

29-7

7.0

8

29.99

29.74

29.880

37-0

3: 0 p

22.5

7 A

29.7

30.7

27-7

8.2

9

29.74

2939

29-495

41.0

4 P

32.0

I A

36-5

36.4

34-7

3-5

lO

29.51

29.36

29.435

42.0

6:30 p

27.0

12 P

345

35-1

33-7

14

II

29-83

29.47

29671

27.0

0 A

3-0

12 P

i5.o_

13-5

9-3

41

12

30.60

29.83

30.379

14.5

3P

-1-5

7 A

65

5.4

3-3

8-5

13

30.66

3043

30.584

22.0

2 p

4.5

4:30 A

133

13.5

14.0

0 0

14

30-51

2987

30.181

47-5

8:30 A

17.0

10 P

323

28.3

32.0

2-3

•5

30-74

30-5'

30.681

23-5

12 M

14.0

12 P

18.7

18.9

18.3

2-3

16

30.61

30.27

30.444

26s

3P

13.0

1:30 A

197

18.9

16.5

82

17

30.27

2989

30.009

33-0

3 P

125

7:30 A

22.7

22.3

17-3

8.4

18

29.89

2950

29585

325

3--30 P

19.5

3A

26.0

265

25.0

30

'9

30-19

2955

29976

25.0

OA

7.0

10 P

16.0

15.8

12.0

8.7

20

30.20

2999

30.102

25-5

4 P

9.0

3A

17-3

15.8

14.7

2.1

21

30.18

2974

30048

24.5

I P

13.0

0 A

18.7

18.1

173

1.2

22

30.01

2938

29.656

41 0

1:30 P

16.5

3A

287

23.1

18.7

36

23

30-37

30.01

30.291

26 0

1:30 P

4.0

6:30 A

15.0

16.0

II 0

9.0

24

30.26

29.96

30.103

29.5

3-30 P

0.0

7:30 A

14-7

14.3

II. 5

6.2

25

29.96

29.76

29.8 1 S

330

3P

14 0

6:30 A

23.5

22.6

20.7

4-3

26

30.26

2981

30 024

21.0

3:30 P

4.0

7:30 A

-T2.5

13.5

93

4.3

27

30.54

30 26

30444

29.0

4:30 p

-35

6a

127

13.6

11-7

85

28

3034

30.20

30.250

24.5

3:30 P

18.0

0:30 A

21.3

21. 1

20.5

0.2

29

30.26

29.78

30.123

26.0

3:30 P

13-0

6a

'9-5

19.7

19.0

0.0

30

29.96

29.65

29.786

42.0

1:30 p

17.0

0:30 A

283

31.6

29.7

8.7

31

30.08

29.79

29972

36.5

3 P

25.0

5--30 A

30-7

31-5

28.3

3.3

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

^

Total in

1;

Q

u

0
0.

>

§ (U CO

S 5 cr

0.

c
"S

bi

Inches.

*

at
Q

C 1)

rt5 s

a) D 3

> 1)

0 o**
HS.S

0)

S
H

c
ti

a

i
0

a

I

205

•135

87.5

s.w.

163

2.0

20

2 P

2

325

.207

880

W.N.W.

88

0-5

10

6a

3

24.0

.154

865

E.N.E.

48

30

24

12 M

11 A

10 P

•55

5^

4

27-5

.172

90.0

N.N.E.

7

0.0

—

—

5

31-5

.197

95 -o

E.

71

0-5

10

8a

10 A

11 P

1.21

6

24.5

.167

80.5

N.N.W.

259

6.5

36

12 M

7

275

.180

86 s

W.N.W.

176

lO.O

45

10 P

8

24.0

.165

81.0

W.S.W.

298

4.0

28

2 P

9

34-0

.212

93-0

S.W.

262

4-5

30

5 A

10

305

.208

860

WS.W.

155

5-0

32

4 P

II

45

•073

76.0

N.N.W.

346

6.0

35

I P

[2

-05

.055

80.5

N.W.

254

6.0

35

12 M

13

1 1.5

.088

895

W.

22

0.0

—

—

9A

12 P

.10

li

14

29.0

.211

87.5

w.

235

16.0

57

9 A

0 A

11 A

.72

15

14.5

.108

82.0

N.N.W.

199

0.5

10

11 A

16

10. 0

.104

73-5

N.W.

126

IS

17

5 P

•7

95

.109

680

W.N.W.

283

6.0

35

5 P

18

13.0

.147

76.5

W.N.W.

293

5.0

32

11 p

7A

T

T

'9

5-5

.085

73-5

N.W.

391

85

41

0 A

20

10.5

.092

830

W.

62

0.0

—

—

21

155

.101

8S.0

S.S.E.

32

0.0

—

—

4 P

12 P

*

*

22

12.5

.1 12

75-5

W.N.W.

183

10.5

46

3 P

0 A

4A

.56

3i

23

50

.080

7I-5

W S.W.

192

I.O

14

8 p

24

9.0

.090

87.5

S.S.W.

40

0.0

—

25

17-5

.127

81.0

S.W.

40

7.0

37

9 P

8 P

10 P

.04

h

26

8.5

.078

90.0

N.W.

104

2-5

22

9 P

12 M

3P

T

T

27

6.5

.086

73-5

S.W.

80

1.0

14

7 P

8 P

12 p

*

*

28

18.5

.115

890

s.

58

0.0

—

—

0 A

10 A

.10

I

29

17.0

.109

88.5

s.

16

0.5

10

8 a

8a

io:30P

•34

3

30

26.5

•177

820

N.W.

148

4.0

28

10 A

31

255

.165

84.0

N.W.

130

0-5

10

5 A

7 P

12 P

.02

i

'Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

'Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during the month was generally seasonable, and
abnormal features were wanting. While the last half of the month
was somewhat colder than the first half there was but little zero
weather. On the other hand, there were only five days when the
mean hourly temperature was above the freezing point and these
were all during the first third of the month. More than one-half
the total precipitation was in the form of rain. While the snow-
fall was moderate, sleighing was possible during most of the
month.

The records of the several weather elements show the following
as the more important features : The mean barometer was com-
paratively low for this season of the year and the range about
one-fifth of an inch less than usual. The fluctuations of pressure,
however, were larger than usual. The maximum and minimum
pressures for the month were both above the normals for these
features at this station.

The maximum temperature was nearly four degrees lower than
usual and the minimum more than three degrees higher than
usual, giving a small range for the month. The mean hourly
temperature was 1.6 degrees lower than the normal. The tem-
perature was below zero on but two days of the month.

The mean dewpoint was practically normal, while the relative
humidity was more than five points higher than the normal. The
total precipitation was slightly more than usual and was well dis-
tributed throughout the month.

The total wind movement was less than normal, although there
were more gales than usual. Most of the gales were from the
northwest quadrant.

The amount of sunshine was comparatively small, more than
half of the days being either cloudy or overcast.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
W. P. SAUNDERS, Acting Observer.

BULLETIN No. 338.

FEBRUARY. 1917 Coiie^^

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72" 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, Ji ft. Above sea level, 2YJ.^ ft.
Height 0/ Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.09, 13th, 8 a
Minimum reduced to freezing, 28.61, 5th, 11 A
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.43, 13th, S A
Reducedt minimum reading, 28.93, 5th, 11 A

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.930

Monthly range i.i;o

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 46,0, 27th, 2:30 p

Lowest -16.0, 13th, 7 A

Mean hourly 20.6

Mean of means of max. and min 19.Q

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 17.4

Monthly range 62.0

Highest mean daily 3S.5, 27th

Lowest mean daily o.S, 12th

Mean maximum 29.6

Mean minimum 10.

Mean daily range 19.3

Greatest daily range 38. o, 13th

Least daily range lo.o, loth

Humidity.

Mean dew point 14.2

Mean force of vapor 117

Mean relative humidity 82.7

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches i

Total snow, in inches 11

Number of days on which .01 incli or more

rain fell 9

Days of Sleiiihin;^ 28

* Temperature in ground slielter.

t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 4485 m

Greatest daily movement 488m, loth

Least daily movement 21m, 15th

Mean daily movement 174 m

Mean hourly velocity 7-3 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 15.0 lbs =

55m per hour, 5th, 10 A, S.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes 30m per

hour, qth, 2P, S.W.
Prevailing direction. West.

Summary.

South Southwest 11 per cent

West iS " "

West Northwest 11 " "

Northwest 18 " "

Other directions 42 "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 45 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . .116 hours = 39 per cent

Number of clear days 10

Number of fair days 13

Number of cloudy days 5

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours reco^ed, 180 hrs, = 61 per cent
Rain, ist, 9th, 23d, 24th, 26th.
Snow, ist, 4th, 5th, 9th, 19th, 2oth.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour. 43m, 2d,

N.N. W.; 49m, 3d, S.S.E.; 55m, 5th, S.W.;

36m,6th,S.; 38m,9th,S.W.; 52m,ioth,N.W.;

36m, 17th, S..; 3gm, 23d, S.S.W.; 42m, 24th,

W.; 35m. 26th, S.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

Sea Level.

£

i

>^

3

ts

s

s

.-a

ci

a

SS

s

s

S-j^

29.79

29-43

29.590

29.74

29.66

29.693

29.80

29.69

29-738

2969

2932

29-550

29.64

28.93

29.269

30.08

29.64

29 921

30.10

29 81

30.000

29.81

2968

29.738

29.68

29-'3

29.365

3004

29-37

29.893

30-30

30.04

30.229

30.40

30.30

30.390

30-43

30.08

30.312

30.13

29.92

29970

29.97

29-53

29.807

29.62

29-37

29584

29.86

29.62

29.822

30.20

29.76

30.040

30.37

30.12

30.3 '3

30.12

2976

29.885

3024

29.89

30 153

30.35

3003

30.268

30.3.S

29.78

30 181

30.10

2966

29-853

30.42

30.10

30.348

30.28

2960

29.844

30.16

29.60

29 947

30-37

30.16

30-333

32.0

16.0
1 0.0

28.0

29.0

28.0
310
425

29.0
12.0
16.0

8.0

22.0

28.0
32.0

32.0

36.0
42.0

30.0

40.0

30-0
25.0
38.0
42.0
28.0

43-0
460

33-0

E

3

lU

a

e

c

H

16.0

1:30 P

0 A

2.0

8p

-2.0

4 P

7.0

8:30 A

12.0

2:30 P

12.0

8:30 P

12.0

2:30 P

25.0

5:30 A

12.0

0 A

2.0

3:30 P

-8.0

2:30 P

-10 0

4 P

-16.0

4P

7-0

5:30 P

-2.0

4 P

7.0

3:30 P

16.0

II A

23.0

4 P

13.0

4 P

26.0

4P

13.0!

3:30 P

7.0

3-.30 P

5.0

3 P

23.0

3:30 P

1 1.0

7:30 P

23.0

2:50 P

300

4:30 !•

21.0

12 P

12 P
5-30 A

2 A
12 P

O A

3--30 A

3A
12 P
12 P

6:30 A

7:30 A

7 A

7:30 A

7 A
8:30 A
7:30 A

12 P

8 A
O A

7 ■■30 A

5A

7:30 A

12 P

7 A

O A

12 P

12 P

d Shelter.

-a

.Q

oi5

S-- l-

3r^

C ; .

rt X c

(1) rt.S

■U 0 V,

2g.^

sss

ssa

^^^

24.0

28.1

7-3

26.3
3-7

9.0

4.0

t^

40

17-5

18. 1

17.2

20.5

18.9

17-7

20.0

17.9

15-5

21.5

22.0

21.7

33-7

33-1

30.8

20.S

26.1

21.8

7.0

6.9

4.4

4.0

5-1

1.2

-I.O

0.8

-3-3

30

5-0

0.6

175

17-5

10.7

15.0

14.9

10 0

19.5

21. 1

17. 1

26.0

27.1

23.8

32.5

34-3

29.1

21.5

21.7

19.5

.130

30.2

28.0

21.5

22.8

19-3

16 0

13-4

1 1.7

21.5

25.2

20.3

32.5

33-7

19-3

19.5

190

16.2

33 -o

35 6

36.0

38.0

38-5

35 -o

27.0

27.8

28.3

O 3

0.0

9.0

7-3
68
0.0
9-3

4-7
6.5

0.0

9-5

9.2

9-0
9.0
8.7

8-3

7.0
7.0

9-7
7.8

6.5
10. o

5-5
6.8

7-0
7.8
0.0
6.4
1-3

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

tM

Total in

Q

0
0.

>

■-73.

ll

V in

5 rt

2 "- 3

c 3 a

0.

be

c

bjj

Inches.

*

>1

2a, ^

3 1)

rt3 s

<u u 3

£5

0 o'^
H2.5

^ 0

V

£

3

m

c
W

3

Pi

0

c
■J-i

I

23 5

153

85.0

N.W.

121

5-5

33

6 p

0 A

9:30 A

.24

2i

2

-0-5

056

80.0

N.N.W

176

9.0

43

9P

3

-0.5

058

76.0

S.E.

178

12.0

49

2 p

4

13.0

108

78.5

E.S.E.

257

3-5

26

2 p

9:30 P

12 P

*

*

5

13.0

108

78.0

S.S.W.

276

150

55

10 A

0 A

2 P

•34

6

6

12.0

094

84.0

S.S.W.

200

6.5

36

6a

• 7

20.5

125

91.0

E.S.E.

128

30

24

8 p

8

28.0

186

840

E.N.E.

120

I.O

14

12 M

9

20.0

128

91.0

W.N.W.

107

7.0

38

II P

8a

12 P

.28

i-i

10

-0.5

058

76.5

N.W.

488

13-5

52

11 A

II

-3-0

050

80.5

W.N.W.

118

3-5

26

3P

12

-7.0

040

80.0

N.N.W.

141

2-5

22

r p

13

-4.0

058

75-5

N.W.

42

0.5

10

4P

•4

8.5

076

87.0

W s.w.

52

1.0

14

3P

IS

55

084

78 0

N.

21

0.5

10

12 P

i6

13-5

107

85.0

N.W.

97

1-5

17

10 P

•7

20.0

139

845

S.

201

6-5

36

4P

i8

275

179

86.5

w.

196

4.0

28

12 M

>9

150

"3

81.5

N.W.

i°5

2-5

22

7 A

8:30 P

12 P

*

*

20

25-5

161

87.0

ws.w.

66

4.0

28

9P

0 A

2 A

•15

I

21

15.0

113

79 0

W N.W*

222

3-0

24

3A

22

9.0

078

88.5

W.

40

0.5

10

2 p

23

19.0

'35

91.0

S.S.W.

201

75

39

3P

7P

12 P

*

24

26.0

175

830

W.

175

9.0

42

7 P

0 A

7A

•35

25

11.5

100

75-5

S.W.

196

3-0

34

0 A

26

34-0

223

88.5

s.

342

6.0

35

9A

8a

II P

.62

27

330

212

90.5

w.

'05

2.5

22

6p

28

19.0

'54

69.0

w.

114

1.0

14

0 A

'Kain or iiieltedsnow at b;ise of tower.

*Included in following day.

REMARKS

During the month of February unusually cold weather was
much in evidence; the first half of the month, especially hav-
ing a number of days showing temperatures below zero. The
precipitation was comparatively light, but the absence of any
warm days allowed the sleighing to continue in fair condition up
to the close of the month. While the amount of sunshine was
rather large, it did not appear to have any effect on the general
temperature.

The records of the several weather elements show a number of
features of interest when compared with the normals for this
station.

The mean barometer was about one-tenth of an inch below the
normal, while the range was practically normal. The fluctuations
in pressute were generally large, and extended over considerable
periods. Both the maximum and minimum pressures were more
than two-tenths lower than usual. The number of gales was
large, and two showed pressures indicating velocities in excess of
50 miles per hour ; several of the gales were from the south com-
pass points.

The mean temperature was three and one-half degrees below
the normal, and minimum was about eight degrees lower than
the average minimum for February. On the 12th the average of
the hourly temperatures was nearly zero. The maximum tem-
perature was about five degrees lower than usual for this feature,
and occurred near the end of the month.

The mean dew point was quite low, while the relative humidity
was considerably above the normal.

The total precipitation was not more than one-half the normal,
and was about equally distributed between rain and snow. No
storms of marked severity were noted.

The number of hours of sunshine was large, and only five
cloudy and overcast days were noted.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

W. P. SAUNDERS, Acting Observer.

BULLETIN No. 339.

MARCH, 1917

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressnie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.20, 7th, 9 a
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.14, 29th, i P
Reducedt maximum reading', 30.53, 7th, 9 A
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.44, 29th, i P

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.063

Monthly range 1.09

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 58.0, 25th, 4:30 p

26th, 4 p.

Lowest —2.0, 7th, 7 A

Mean hourly 33.3

Mean of means of max. and min 33.4

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 29.7

Monthly range 600

Highest mean daily 44.2, 27th

Lowest mean daily , . . . 19.8, 19th

Mean maximum 41.9

Mean minimum 24.9

Mean daily range 17.0

Greatest daily range 43.0, 7th

Least daily range 6.0, nth

Hnmidiiy.

Mean dew point 25.0

Mean force of vapor 186

Mean relative humidity 77.S

Precipitation. In inclies.

Total precipitation, in inches 3.66

Total snow, in inches 17

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 13

Days of Sleigbiai> Ii

* Temperature in ground shelter.

t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 5S04 m

Greatest daily movement 462m, 19th

Least daily movement 14m, 3d

Mean daily movement 1S7 m

Mean hourly velocity 7.8 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 10.5 lbs =

46m per hour, 6th, 0 A, N.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes 33m per

hour, 6th, lA, W.N.W.
Prevailing direction. West.

Summary.

West Southwest 13 per cent

West 13 " "

West Northwest 19 " "

Northwest 13 " "

Southwest 10 " "

Other directions 32 " "

Weather.
Mean cloudiness observed .... 50 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 139 hours = 2i7 per cent

Number of clear days 13

Number of fair days 10

Number of cloudy days 8

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 232 hrs, = 63 per cent
Rain, 4th, 8th, iith, 12th. 17th, 20th, 24th

27th, 28th, 29th.
Snow, 3d, 4th, 5th, nth, 14th, 15th, 17th,

iSth.
Hjail, 5th.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour. 46m, 6th,

N.; 39m, i2th, W.N.W.; 35m, 15th, N.W.;

35m,i8th,W.;42m, i9th,W.N.W\; 36m,20th,

S.; 43m, 23d, W.S.W..; 35m, 24th, N.W.;

35m, 27th, S.W.; 36m, 28th, N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

Sea Level.

Tei

iiperatui

e. Ground Shelter.

°x

S

E

>■

£

S

T)

ji

3

3

e

1

6

S

3
'c

2 is

SS2

Ji3

2 £.2

Q

S

is

r^m

S

H

S

H

sss

SKQ

Sc«^

pa

I

30-35

30.27

30321

36.0

3:30 P

18.0

3--30 A

27.0.

27.0

24.7

6.7

2

30.48

30-35

30.448

34.0

3:30 P

23.0

6a

28.5

28.3

24-3

6.0

3

30-33

30.21

30.282

34-0

3P

28.0

4:30 A

31.0

30.8

29-5

3-3

4

30.21

30.10

30.173

36.0

3:30 p

29.0

12 P

32-5

31-4

29.5

38

5

30.10

29-53

29.776

30.0

4A

170

10 p

23-5

234

19.7

2.2

6

3041

29.69

30.259

310

4:30 p

15.0

6:30 A

23.0

20.7

17.0

10.8

7

30-53

30.24

30.458

41.0

4P

-2.0

7A

19.5

20.8

16.6

9-5

8

30.24

29.68

29.839

39-0

5:30 P

28.0

I -.30 A

33.5_

32.5

325

0.0

9

30.01

29.68

29.854

41.0

2:30 p

31.0

0 A

3t»-o1

35-3

31-3

5-0

10

30.18

30.01

30.170

42.5

3:30 P

26.5

6:30 A

34-5

33-0

29-5

10.3

II

30-14

29.61

29.829

35-0

3P

29.0

4A

32.0

32.0

30.0

0.3

12

30.07

29.58

29.874

39-5

2:30 P

27 0

12 P

333

33-7

300

9.0

13

30.24

30.07

30.170

42.5

4P

21.0

6:30 A

31.7

316

27-5

10.6

M

30.27

30.06

30.203

34-0

2 P

23-5

6a

28.7

293

27.5

1-3

15

30.06

29.86

29.952

390

4P

29.0

12 P

340

33-8

303

7-7

i6

30,25

29.98

30.231

48.5

5 P

26.0

1:30 A

^37-3

36.1

30.0

II. I

•7

30.29

29.54

29-835

38.0

5 P

26.0

5A

32.0

33-2

32-5

CO

18

29.69

29-53

29.590

38.0

2 p

25.0

12 P

315

32-9

27.7

7.0

>9

30.12

29.69

30.012

24.5

3:30 p

15.0

12 P

1Q.7

19.8

14.7

II. 2

20

30-14

29.82

29.983

40.0

4:30 P

14.0

I A

27.0

28.S

25-3

8.4

21

29.99

29.87

29.954

46.0

3P

30.0

5:30 A

380

382

34-0

9.0

22

30.33
30.34

29.92
2985

30.248
30.192

490
49.0

4:30 p
1 p

29-5
23-0

6a

4:30 A

39-3

36-7
37-0

327
33-0

II.O

23

30.0

75

24

30.06

29.66

29.87S

50.0

4:30 p

27.0

9A

38-5

43-3

40.7

8.3

25

30-30

3006

30.200

58.0

4:30 p

26.0

7 A

42.0

41.2

35-5

12.4

26

30-41

30.24

30.365

58.0

4P

26.0

7:30 A

42.0

42.9

34.0

12.4

27

30.24

29.50

29.805

56.0

II A

32.0

5 A

44.0

44.2

430

0.0

28

29.80

29.54

29.749

44.0

2 P

34-0

S'A

390

37-6

34-5

12.5

29

29.70

29-44

29.529

49.0

12 M

32 0

12 P

40.5

39-4

3^-5

1 1.6

30

2996

29.61

29.869

45 -o

3P

32.0

0 A~

-3«.5-

37-2

30.3

12.0

31

30.02

29-83

29929

5'-5

4:30 P

31.0

3"-30 A

41.3

40.5

35-3

1 1.2

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

i^

Total in

Q

0

p.

ni

>

M ■

■Ms

E 3 a>

ft

c
'S

bi

Inches.

*
»

Q

sLl,

S3 s

0 D 3

"5 tj

V 1-

3^1

HS.S

SphPh

^ 0

c

c
'So

'5
a
W

.S

It

0

a
in

I

195

149

76.0

w.s.w

35

•I.O

14

6p

2

17.0

150

66.5

w.

34

0.5

10

9P

3

27.5

168

95 -o

w.

14

0.0

—

—

5 A

12 P

*

*

4

27-5

167

95.0

N.N.W

62

2.0

20

2 p

0 A

12 P

*

*

5

17-5

112

87.0

N.N.E.

252

50

32

12 M

0 A

7 P

1.05

II

6

9.0

105

690

W.N.W.

288

10.5

46

0 A

7

12.5

"3

82.5

W.S.W.

55

1-5

17

5 P

8

30-5

189

92.5

s.

38

0.0

—

—

5 A

ii:30A

.42

9

24.5

204

66.0

w.s.w.

256

3-5

27

12 M

10

27.0

170

89.5

W.N.W.

172

2.0

20

I P

II

26.5

178

83.0

S.

36

0.5

10

12 M

4A

io:30A

.28

2

12

27.5

176

S5.0

N.W.

247

7-5

39

5 P

0 A

I A

.04

13

195

178

64 0

N.N.W.

227

3-5

27

9A

14

22 5

163

75.0

W.

105

2.5

23

2 A

I P

7:30 P

.24

2h

15

250

184

74-5

N.E.

172

6.0

35

6 P

6:3oA

8a

•05

h

16 24.0

190

69.0

W.N.W.

128

1-5

17

3P

17 295

'95

86.5

S.S.E.

134

4-5

30

12 M

II A

10 p

.67

I

i8| 22.0

169

75-5

W.

326

6.0

35

6p

10 A

T

191 6.0

098

62.0

W.N.W.

462

9.0

42

10 A

20

17.5

160

69.0

S.W.

130

6.5

36

12 M

2 P

T

21

28.5

221

69-5

W.N.W.

140

1-5

17

I A

22

29.0

203

79.0

N.

173

30

24

2 P

-3

31 0

206

87.0

E.S.E.

224

9.0

43

2 P

24

390

267

90.0

N.W.

370

6.0

35

8a

5A

10 A

.10

25

32-5

233

84.0

S.S.W.

98

4.0

28

12 M

26

31.0

216

81.5

S.W.

190

4-5

30

12 M

27

40.5

296

86.0

W.S.W.

189

6.0

35

8 P

3:30 P

12 P

*

28

315

214

82.S

N.W.

325

6.5

36

12 M

0 A

5A

1.20

29

31.0

246

72.5

W.N,W.

310

3-5

26

6a

7 A

3 P

•03

30

19.0

210

50.0

N.W.

280

5-0

32

II A

31

29.0

240

66.5

S.W.

52

0.0

~

'Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

♦Included in following day.

REMARKS

During the the month of March the transition from winter to spring
weather was practically completed. Early in the month one of the
heaviest snowstorms of the winter occurred and zero temperature was
registered, while by the last week of the month nearly all of the snow
had disappeared and mild, sunny days were prevalent. The melting
of the snow was gradual so that the streams were less swollen than
is often the case. At the close of the month the season's advance
was slightly ahead of normal conditions, and much of the frost was
out of the ground.

The records of the several weather elements show the following
interesting features : The mean barometer was considerably higher
than the normal and the range less that usual. While the wind
movement was rather large it was due to many moderate gales rather
than extremely high velocities.

The maximum temperature was about four degrees lower than the
normal while the minimum was more than six degrees lower than
usual, giving a rather large range. The mean temperature was less
than a degree below the normal.

The mean dew point was rather low and the relative humidity about
three points above the normal for this station.

The total precipitation was about ninety per cent, of the normal.
The most severe storms were a heavy snowfall of more than two days
duration, shortly after the opening of the month and a heavy rain-
storm, mostly during the night of the 27th.

The amount of sunshine was considerably more than the normal
and about three-fourths of the days were either clear or fair.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

W. P. SAUNDERS, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 340.

APRIL, 1917

Meteorological Observations

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N, Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of haroiiieter above ground, ^r ft Above sea level, 2yj.^ fi.
Height oj Wind Instruments y2 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressuie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.03, 17th, S a
Minimum reduced to freezing, 28. 93, 6th, 5 p
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.33, 17th, 8 A
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.24, 6th, 5 f

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.925

Monthly range 1.09

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 71.0, 19th, 4 p

Lowest 25.0, 15th, 6 A

Mean hourly 42.9

Mean of means of max. and min 42.1

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 39.1

Monthly range 46.0

Highest mean daily 58.3, 22d

Lowest mean daily 31.0,9th

Mean maximum S3 0

Mean minimum 34.2

Mean daily range 18.8

Greatest daily range 35.0, 25th

Least daily range ■ . . . . 7.0, 30th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 34.3

Mean force of vapor 279

Mean relative humidity 74.6

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 1.83

Total snow, in inches Trace

Number of days on which .01 incli or more

rain fell 10

* Temperature in ground shelter.
t Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 3853 m

Greatest daily movement 6iim, nth

Least daily movement 14m, ist

Mean daily movement 12S m

Mean hourly velocity 5.3 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 35.0 lbs =

84m per hour, loth, 3 p, N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes 40m per

hour, loth, 3 p, N.W.
Prevailing direction, West Northwest.

Summary.

Northwest 33 per cent

West Northwest 17 " "

South 13 " "

Other directions 37 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 46 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 108 hours = 27 per cent

Number of clear days i6

Number of fair days 10

Number of cloudy days 4

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 294 hrs, =: 73 per cent
Rain, ist, 6th, 7th, 12th, iSth, 20th, 21st, 26th,

27th, 2qth, 30th.
Snow, I2th, 27th.
Thunder and Lightning, ^ist.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour. 4oni, 4th,

N.W.; 36m, 7th, N.W.; 39m., 9th, N.N.W.;

84m, loth, N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

4)

^1

a

i

ti

S

s

-0

J2

(4

E
(4

a

e

"5

■3
c .J.

1

"a

3

E
'c

V

E

^3

0 b£

Q

s

s

s

H

37-0

5--30 A

sss

ssa

s^^

pa

«
I

29.97

29.81

29.900

660

2:30 P

51-S

49-5

44-5

9.2

2

30.01

29.91

29.974

47.0

4 P

37-0

12 P

42.0

40.9

370

7-3

3

30.21

29.94

30.126

51 0

3:30 P

350

5:30 A

43-0

41-5

36-7

9-7

4

30.28

30-23

30.281

54-0

5P

32-5

3A

43-3

42.0

363

12.4

S

30.22

29-73

30.020

530

3P

27.0

5A

40.0

40.8

37-7

10.0

6

2973

29.24

29347

42.0

2 P

33-0

3:30 A

37-5

38.7

370

0 0

7

29.80

29 26

29544

45-5

11:30 A

35-5

4A

40.5

39-2

35-5

7-0

8

29.91

29.79

29.890

46.0

3P

30.0

6a

38.0

37-3

29.0

11.8

9

29.79

29.62

29664

46.0

3P

30.0

6 a

38.0

31-0

27-7

7-2

to

29.72

29.56

29.686

40.0

3P

28.0

11 p

340

321

27.7

12.3

II

29.85

29.56

29.736

59.0

3P

300

6a

44-5

42.1

34-7

12.7

12

29.85

2965

29-733

44.0

4:30 p

33-0

6 a

3«-5

37-7

35-0

5.0

13

29.68

2959

29.664

44.0

4:30 p

32.0

12 p

38.0

39-0

33 5

12.0

«4

29.77

29.65

29-73'^

50 0

3P

27.0

5A

385

384

34-5

7-5

15

29.90

2977

29-«34

47.0

3:30 p

25.0

6A

36.0

36.5

3'-3

12.3

16

30.19

29.90

30.117

44-5

4P

34-0

1 A

39-3

39-1

36.0

12.4

'7

30-33

30.19

30.305

62.0

5 P

350

6a

48-5

47 -o

42.7

12.8

[8

30.28

30.10

30.180

550

5 P

32.0

5:30 A

43-5

44.0

41.0

n-5

'9

30.12

30.00

30.065

71.0

4 P

43-0

5A

57.0

54,0

48.5

8.8

20

30.16

3008

30.122

50.0

2 P

42.5

6p

46.3

46.6

44-3

40

21

30-03

2970

29.858

62.0

5-30 P

43 -o

3A

52-5

5'-5

50.7

135

22

29.94

2984

29 896

70 0

0 3P

42 0

5:30 A

56.0

58.3

587

13-S

23

29.98

29-82

29.925

66.0

8:30 A

43-0

2 A

54-5

53.8

51-7

12.1

24

30.06

2986

29951

60.0

4:30 P

35-0

1:30 A

47.5

464

41-3

13.6

25

30.14

3003

30.114

62.0

5 P

27.0

5:30 A

44-5

43-7

37-7

12.7

26

30.14

30.04

30.092

45-5

2 p

35 5

2:30 A

40.5

39-5

305

4-2

27

30.08

29-99

30.012

430

3:30 p

350

7A

39-0

390

37-7

5-9

28

30.01

2985

29.940

58.0

3P

34-0

5:30 A

46.0

46.0

40.5

12.7

29

30.00

29.94

30.010

58.0

12 M

31.0

4:30 A

44-5

47.8

463

12.8

30

30.04

29.97

30.011

48.0

1 P

41.0

7A

44-5

440

40.0

8.1

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity

Wind.

P

'recipitation.

fe

Total in

c

^ 0)

Inches.

(U

Q

0

Q.
>

M

c .

S 3 a-

<u

bil

c

*

C "*-* c

: D

c ti'S

■3 tj

'-[ K-«

"1 '^if)

tn u

tS

c

^

nl

Q

.So ^

i 0

4) 1) 3

> 0)

£5

2 >S
0 °
HS.S

rt a> 1-

^ 0

s

'5)

'■5

a
W

OS

0

c

I

42.5

322

85-5

s.w.

14

0.5

10

7 P

3A

6a

•23

2

3S-0

234

85-5

E.

38

3-0

24

II A

3

30.0

256

67.0

N.W.

64

4.0

28

7 P

4

295

242

695

N.W.

163

8.0

40

6 P

5

34.0

253

78.5

N.W.

230

3-0

24

10 p

6

35-5

229

89.5

N.N.E.

iiS

3-5

26

6a

0 A

12 P

*

7

31-5

230

76.5

N.W.

153

6.5

36

2 p

0 A

8a

.87

8

19-5

196

54-0

N.W.

196

3-5

26

2 P

9

26.0

158

89.0

N.N W.

300

7-5

39

4 P

lO

16.0

182

59-5

N.W.

306

35-0

84

3 P

II

24.0

256

56.5

W.N.W.

611

3-0

24

2 p

12

30.5

230

74-5

W.N.W.

309

0.5

10

3P

6a

I p

T

T

'3

27 5

224

66.0

S.W.

17

2.0

20

3P

14

28.5

232

66.5

W.N.W.

67

2.0

20

I p

15

24.5

207

645

W.

71

2.5

22

2 p

16

3 '5

236

76.5

W.

87

30

24

2 p

'7

35-5

346

6 10

W.N.W.

125

I.O

14

II A

18

37-0

298

74-5

W.N,W.

16

0.5

10

12 M

II A

I p

.01

19

45 5

392

77.0

N.W.

59

1-5

17

3P

20

42.5

263

89.0

E.S.E.

121

3-0

24

2 P

2 A

12 p

*

21

50 0

388

95.0

S.S.E.

45

1.0

14

6p

0 A

II p

.48

22

57-0

513

95-5

N.W.

83

4.0

28

12 M

23

50.0

434

85-5

N.W.

81

30

24

I P

24

33-5

324

59.0

N.

140

50

32

5A

25

31-5

316

56.0

N.W.

84

4-5

30

8 p

26

325

238

77.0

S.W.

75

3-5

26

3 P

5A

12 p

*

27

360

236

90.0

S.W.

17

0.0

—

—

0 A

6 p

.20

T

28

34-0

305

64.5

N.N.E.

170

2.0

20

9A

29

41.5

370

71.0

E.

46

1.0

14

4 P

I P

12 P

*

30

370

268

82.5

S.

47

1.0

14

2 p

0 A

6 P

.04

••Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

'Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during April was a disappointment from the stand-
point of seasonal progress. At the beginning of the month condi-
tions were somewhat in advance of the normal, but so little progress
was made during the month owing to abnormally cool weather that
the month closed with the season's progress more than a week back-
ward. The last five days of the month averaged nearly the same
temperature as the first five days. The precipitation was compara-
tively small and without any storms of much severity.

The records of the several weather elements compared with the
normals, show the following more important features of the month.
The mean barometer was considerably below the normal and the
maximum and minimum pressures were both comparatively low
records. The range of pressure was practically normal. The total
wind movement was about three-fourths of the usual amount not-
withstanding the unusually large daily movements from the 9th to
the 12th inclusive. Tne record of the nth was exceptionally large
for this station.

The mean temperature was about three and one-half degrees
below the normal, making it one of the coldest Aprils on our records.
The maximum temperature was more than eight degrees lower than
usual, while the minimum was rather high, making a very small range
for the month.

The mean dew point was slightly below the normal, while the
relative humidity was several points above the normal.

The total precipitation was about sixty per cent of the normal
and a trace of snow was noted near the end of the month. The
sunshine record was comparatively high.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

W. P. SAUNDERS, Observer.

Erratum : Total precipitation on first page of bulletin No.
339, for March, should read 4.08.

BULLETIN No. 341.

MAY, 1917

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATIOr^.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2JJ.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Prefssare. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 29.97, 31st, 8 a
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.17, nth, i P
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.27, 31st, Sa
Reduced! minimum reading, 29.47,11th, IP

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.809

Monthly range 0.80

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 81.0, 19th, 4:30 P

Lowest 28.5, 4th, 6 A

Mean hourly 49.3

Mean of means of max. and min 49.5

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 44.4

Monthly range 52.5

Highest mean daily 62.7, 19th

Lowest mean daily , . . . 38.6, 5th

Mean maximum ^ig.S

Mean minimum 39.7

Mean daily range ig.6

Greatest daily range 37.0, iSth

Least daily range 5.5,27th

Humidify.

Mean dew point 39-2

Mean force of vapor 357

Mean relative humidity 70.4

Wind.

Total movement 4610 m

Greatest daily movement 312m, 6th

Least daily movement i6m, 27th

Mean daily movement i47 ni

Mean hourly velocity 6.1 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 9.5 lbs =

44m per hour, 15th, 7 A, N.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes 27m per

hour, 12th, 2 p, N.N.W.
Prevailing direction, Northwest.

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 4.13

Number of days on which .01 incli or more

rain fell 13

'Temperature in ground shelter.
**Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Summary.

North Northwest 32 per cent

West Northwest 16 " "

West 13 " "

Other directions 39 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 50 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 136 hours = 30 per cent

Number of clear days 14

Number of fair days 10

Number of cloudy days 7

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 317 hrs, = 70 per cent

Rain, ist, 2d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 9th, loth, 12th, 13th,
22d, 23d, 24th, 27th, 2Sth, 29th.

Snow, 5th.

Thnnder and Lightning. ?Sth.

Hail, 5th, I2th.

Frosts, 4th, i6th, i8th.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour. 41m, loth,
W.N. W.; 36m, 12th, N.N.W.; 35m, 13th,
N.N.W.; 38m, 14th, N.N.W.; 44m. x5th,
N.N.W.; 37m, 19th, S.W.; 41m, 25th, N.W.;
35m, 26th. W.N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

0)

Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

°^

>>

S
E

s

s
a

6

B

S
3
£
'S

ii3

£

ni X C

41 rt.-I

>! 1.;

OJ 0 )_

^s5

i

0 bo

Q

^

is

^^

s

H

i

Li

s§:s

Sffia

s<^^

■pa

I

30.00

29.78

29.904

44.0

I A

370

12 P

40.5

39-5

37-0

0.0

2

29.82

29.70

29.764

51-5

2:30 P

35-0

6a

43-3

41.7

38.0

8.9

3

29.98

29.81

29.910

46.0

4P

37-0

12 p

41.5

41-3

36.7

6.8

4

30.01

29.90

29975

62.0

4P

28.5

6a

45-3

46-3

40.7

12.5

5

29.94

29.85

29.892

42.0

3P

36.0

6:30 A

390

38.6

36.7

3-2

6

30.11

29.91

30.054

50.0

3P

36.0

6a

43-0

41.7

38.0

7.0

7

30-14

30.07

30.101

56-5

2:30 p

37-5

5:30 A

47.0

46.5

40.0

8-5

8

30.06

29.76

29.917

53-0

12 M

40.5

5:30 A

46.7

46.4

42.7

8.2

9

29.76

29-57

29.642

590

12 M

40.0

3:30 A

49-5

47.8

43-7

10 0

10

29.58

29.50

29.540

55-0

2:30 P

3S.0

3A

46-5

47.2

42.5

II-5

II

29-53

29.47

29-523

51.0

10:30 A

40.0

10 P

45-5

44 9

39-3

1-7

12

29.63

29-53

29.588

57.0

I P

38.0

4:30 A

47-5

45.1

41.7

II. 2

'3

29.69

29.63

29.674

58.0

2 P

395

I A

48.7

48.4

46.0

11.7

'4

29.65

29.48

29.568

72.0

3P

46.0

4A

59-0

58.1

50-5

13.0

15

29.78

2954

29.729

59.0

3:30 p

37-0

II P

480

46.5

37.3

13-5

[6

2975

29.54

29.642

59.0

12:30 p

30 0

5A

44-5

44-6

36.3

12. 1

'7

29.S5

29-55

29-744

67.0

4:30 p

41.0

1:30 A

54-0

53-8

467

13.6

i8

2997

29.72

29.844

72.0

2:30 p

35-0

5 A

53-5

55-2

49-7

12.0

'9

29.92

29.70

29.847

81.0

4:30 p

45 0

5:30 A

63.0

62.7

54-7

13.2

20

29.78

29.59

29675

80.0

2 P

50.0

5:30 A

65.0

62.5

53-5

12. 1

21

29.96

29.78

29.926

690

5 P

43-0

5:30 A

56.0

57-3

490

I3-I

22

29.97

29-82

29.928

55-0

0 A

46.0

7A

50.5

49.0

46.3

2-3

23

29.82

29.63

30.680

50.0

5 P

43-0

5:30 A

46.5

46.4

45-3

1-3

24

29.70

29.57

29.629

58.0

4P

390

5:30 A

48.5

49.6

45-7

10.8

25

29.76

29.62

29.682

57-0

4P

390

5A

48.0

48.7

435

13-3

26

29-85

29.76

29.842

690

4P

42.0

5A

55-5

57-4

530

13.6

27

29.82

29.71

29.794

54-5

8:30 A

49-0

5:30 A

51-7

52.8

51-5

0.4

28

29.96

29.79

29.914

54.0

12 M

41.0

12 P

47-5

48.7

44-5

6.1

29

29.89

29.70

29.784

50.0

4P

41.0

0 A

45-5

46.1

43-5

3-1

30

30.19

29.80

30.162

72.0

4 P

40 0

2:30 A

56.0

54.0

50.3

13.0

31

30.27

30-15

30.218

76.0

1:30 P

40.0

5 A

58.0

59.1

51-7

13.6

DAILY SUMMARY.

H

umidity

Wind.

Precipitation.

h

Total in

Q

u

0

a.
n
>

a .

c 3 □■

a.

ti

Inches.

1.

SI

SCL,

S5S

lU D 3

"5 "0

> <u

rt 0) >H

CO i-t

V 3

S

H

c
■fci
m

0

c

I

35-0

.238

84.0

S.S.E.

43

^•5

17

10 P

6:30 A

12 P

*

2

33-5

.261

75.0

,W.N.W.

187

3-0

24

II A

0 A

5A

.42

3

30-5

•253

68.0

W.N.W.

237

2.5

22

8a

4

35-0

•314

65.0

W.N.W.

25

I.O

14

7 P

II P

12 P

T

5

34.5

.230

87-5

N.E.

148

3^o

24

3P

0 A

12 P

*

T

6

34-5

.252

80.0

N.N.E.

312

2^5

22

9A

0 A

5A

.90

7

34-5

.298

68-0

N.N.W.

25

I.O

14

2 P

8

39-5

.302

80.0

S.

55

1.0

14

12 M

9

39-5

.238

695

N.N.W.

92

3^o

24

I P

12 M

8p

.02

lO

34-5

•344

57.0

W.N,W.

257

8.5

41

2 P

10 A

4 P

•03

II

33 -o

.284

66.5

W.N.W.

270

4^5

30

12 M

12

38.0

.297

78.5

N.N.W.

184

6.5

36

I P

10 A

12 p

.10

13

42.0

•350

75^5

N.

2l6

6.0

35

3 P

0 A

8a

.01

14

42.0

.506

52.5

N.N.W.

187

7-5

38

II A

15

25.0

.278

53^o

N.N.W.

294

9^5

44

7A

16

30-5

.292

58^5

N.W.

168

4^5

30

3P

'7

40.0

.420

58.S

N.N.W.

162

4-5

30

10 A

18

41-5

.426

61.5

w.s.w.

115

4.0

28

2 A

19

465

.588

55 -o

s.s.w.

192

7.0

37

7 P

20

48.5

.512

67.5

w.

202

5-5

33

4P

21

42.5

•442

62.5

N.N.W.

155

3^5

26

9A

22

44.0

•341

84.5

E.N.E.

50

I.O

14

3 P

2 A

12 P

.65

23

43-5

•317

89.0

E.N.E.

70

o-S

10

6p

0 A

3P

.28

24

39-0

•382

63.0

W.

140

4-5

30

12 M

7 P

T

25

36.5

•353

61.5

N.W.

242

8.5

41

3 P

26

46.5

•444

68.0

W.

209

6.0

35

12 M

27

49.0

•415

85.0

w.

16

0.0

—

—

8a

12 p

•59

28

42.0

•330

80.0

N.

73

I.O

14

6p

0 a

12 p

.96

29

41.5

.312

82. 5

N.N.W.

119

I.O

14

3A

0 A

\12 M

•«7

30

46.5

•433

73-5

N.N.W.

69

2.0

20

6p

31

470

•463

70.5

N.N.W.

96

3^5

26

7 P

••Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

•Included in following day.

REMARKS

The one predominating feature of the weather during May was
the abnormal temperature which prevailed throughout the month.
The mean hourly temperature was more than eight degrees below the
normal at this station and two and one-half degrees below the record
of 1907 which was the coldest May up to that time since this station
was established. Using the maximum and minimum records of Pro-
fessor Snell of Amherst College, which go back to 1837, we find no
records which indicate a colder May than 1907, up to this year. It is
therefore evident that the month was the coldest May for at least eighty
years. There were only four days in the month when the mean
hourly temperature was higher than normal May weather.

As a result of the unseasonable temperature, seasonal progress
was almost at a standstill during the month, and at its close vegeta-
tion was more than three weeks backward. The persistency of the
wind from the northwest quadrant during much of the month un-
doubtedly had much to do with the low temperature.

A comparison of the records of the several weather elements
with the normals shows the following features : The mean barometer
was the lowest since this station was established and the range was
slightly smaller than usual. The barometer chart showed a compara-
tively steady pressure. The maximum temperature was six degrees
lower than the normal but was higher than the 19 15 record and
almost the same as the 1916 record. While the maximum tempera-
ture was a few degrees lower than usual, it was not as low as in 1907,
191 1, and 1914 of recent years.

The mean dew point was about as much below the normal as the
mean temperature and made a new low record here. The relative
humidity was nearly normal.

The total precipitation was four-tenths of an inch more than the
normal. The total wind movement was practically normal. The
cloudiness observed was about the usual amount.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

W. P. SAUNDERS, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 342.

JUNE, 1917

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATIOIN.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2'jj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instrutnents 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.04, 13th, 7 a
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.46, 29th, S p
Reduced! maximum reading, 30.33, i3ht, 7 A
Reduced! minimum reading, 29.75, 3rd, 3 p,
29th, Sp

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.995

Monthly range 5S.0

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 88.0, 22d, 2 p

Lowest 50.0, i8th, 2 A

Mean hourly 65.3

Mean of means of max. and min 66 3

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 60.1

Monthly range 38.0

Highest mean daily 72.6, 20th

Lowest mean daily 55.4, ist

Mean maximum 76.3

Mean minimum 56.0

Mean daily range 20.3

Greatest daily range 33.0, 22d

Least daily range 6.0, nth

Humidity.

Mean dew point 57.4

Mean force of vapor 611

Mean relative humidity 78. 3

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 5.27

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 16

♦Temperature in ground shelter.
**Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 20S1 m

Greatest daily movement 176m, 5th

Least daily movement 5m, nth

Mean daily movement 69 m

Mean hourly velocity 2.9 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 8.0 lbs =

40m per hour, 3rd, 6 p, N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes 27m per

hour, 3rd, 6 p, .N.W.
Prevailing direction. Northwest.

Summary.

North Northwest 20 per cent

South 17

Southwest 17

West Southwest 10

South Southwest 10

Other directions 26

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 49 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 207 hours = 45 per cent

Number of clear days 6

Number of fair days 15

Number of cloudy days 9

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 250 hrs, = 55 per cent.
Rain. 3d, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, loth, nth, 12th,

14th, 15th, i6th, 17th, 22d, 24th, 25th, 26th,

27th, 29th.
Thunder and Lightninii, Ttli, Stii, 14th, 22d,

24th, 26th, 27th, 29th.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour. 40m, 3d,

N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

S
3
£

i

3

E

.•a
c -
D a

E
3
£
><

£

3

c

s

T3

rt x" c
D ni._

a; 0 k-

j2

ii3

0 tj:

sen

a

30.21

S

Sc^

S

H

S

'~

sss

s=;a

S</^^

pa

I

30.02

30.087

58.0

12 M

51.0

3A

54.5

55-4

54 5

4-7

2

30.02

29.94

29983

70.0

I P

56.0

0 A

63.0

62.3

59 7

5-7

3

30.03

29.75

29.907

83.0

3:30 P

590

6 A

71.0

65.3

57.3

9.4

4

30.17

30.03

30.107

80.0

3:30 P

56.0

5A

68.0

65.7

57-5

13.8

5

30.14

29.88

29.982

79-5

1:30 P

50-5

5A

65.0

63.5

57-5

10.4

6

30.04

29.94

29.982

78.0

3:30 H

56.0

I A

67.0

65.2

600

II. I

7

30.02

29.86

29.906

62.0

2 P

54.0

4A

580

59-4

58.7

0.3

8

29.92

29.80

29.836

77-0

3P

550

5A

66.0

65.1

60.5

I I.O

9

29.94

29.85

29.868

810

5P

590

3--30 A

70.0

69-3

62.7

1 1.2

lO

29.95

29.90

29.930

64.0

10:30 A

55-0

12 p

59-5

60.2

58.3

0.0

II

30-13

2999

30.048

60.0

4P

54-0

3:3o A

57-0

56.3

5S-0

0.0

12

30-31

30-13

30-259

76.0

3:30 P

530

6a

64.5

61.6

57-0

8-5

13

30-33

30.10

30230

8f.o

3:30 p

590

4A

70.0

67.1

62.0

9.6

14

30.10

29.77

29S56

765

1:30 p

59.0

5A

67.7

64.8

61.7

4-5

15

29.97

29 82

29.876

76.0

3P

57.5

6a

66.7

64.5

60.0

8.3

16

30- 1 7

29.95

30.054

72.0

3:30 P

58.0

12 p

65.0

64.3

62.3

6.0

17

30.18

30.02

30.068

66.0

3 P

54-0

11:30 p

60.0

57.6

52-5

4.1

18

30 10

30.05

30.075

80.0

3P

50.0

2 A

65.0

66.3

615

12.7

'9

3008

29.97

30.036

85.0

4 P

560

5A

70.5

70.9

65-3

11.5

20

30.02

29.92

29.971

86.0

3P

62.5

4A

74-3

72.6

62.3

11.4

21

30.04

2996

29.992

85.0

3P

60.0

4 A

72-5

70 8

63-5

1 1.0

22

3004

29-93

29976

88.0

2 P

55-0

4 A

7J-5

71. 1

645

9.8

23

30.02

2990

29.963

81.0

4P

59-0

4:30 A

70.0

71. 1

61.5

12.6

24

30.04

29.79

29.853

76.0

3:30 P

56.0

5-.30 A

66.0

65.2

59.0

8.7

25

30.20

30-03

30.134

79.0

3--30 P

530

4:30 A

66.0

64.2

59-0

9-9

26

30.23

30.05

30-149

790

II A

50-5

5A

64-7

66.0

60.3

6-5

27

30.10

29.91

29.929

83.0

2:30 P

62.0

3A

72-5

71. 1

645

12.2

28

29.97

29.92

29 954

82.5

2:30 P

56 0

4A

69-3

69.8

60.5

12.3

29

3002

29-75

29866

70.0

0:30 P

50.5

2 A

64.7

65.2

64.0

0.7

30

30.05

29.84

29.960

76.0

3P

56.0

5A

66.0

65.6

60.0

12.5

DAILY SUMMARY.

H

[umiditj

Wind.

Precipitation.

iX,

Total in

Q

0

a

>

ij

C 3 G"

Q.

bi
c
'c

bi

Inches.

1.

c -*-*

C D

c -ti'"

'rt tj

■73 l*'""

'Tl ^ Ifi

en i-t

V

c

g:

Q

rti5 c
<u <u 3

> 0)
D J-

Si >s

hs.s

V 3

" 0

H

'bi

m

'■5

0

c
in

I

52.5

.461

85.5

s.

150

2.0

20

12 M

2

59-0

•552

89.5

s.w.

17

0.0

—

3

55 -o

•538

80.5

W.N.W.

145

8.0

40

6 p

8a

10 A

•03

4

53-0

.625

635

W.N.W.

90

2.0

20

6a

5

54.5

•555

76.5

S.W.

176

S-5

33

2 p

6p

12 P

.24

6

57-0

•634

74.0

W.N.W.

71

4.0

28

10 p

0 A

6a

•13

7

58.0

.516

93-0

S.

41

I.O

14

4A

I A

12 P

.60

8

5«-5

.600

82.5

S.W.

116

50

32

4P

0 A

4 P

.06

9

59-5

.689

740

S.S.W.

48

1-5

17

12 M

10

57-5

.518

80.5

S.E.

22

0.5

10

10 A

7 A

12 p

.29

II

54.0

■465

88.5

N.E.

5

0.0

—

—

0 A

12 p

.60

12

55-5

•527

85-5

N.E.

6

0.0

—

—

0 A

8a

1. 10

•3

60.0

.621

85.0

S.E.

57

3-0

24

6p

(4

61.0

.586

90.5

S.S.W.

91

2.0

20

2 P

2 P

7 P

.2 1

•5

58.5

■578

84.5

W.S.W.

13

0-5

10

6p

2 A

8 a

•05

i6

61.0

.602

88.5

S.

21

1-5

17

4P

10 A

12 p

.12

'7

51.0

.458

80.0

N.

129

4.0

28

4P

0 A

5 P

.41

i8

57-5

.670

72.0

W.S.W.

98

30

24

12 M

19

62 0

.766

72.0

S.S.W.

44

1-5

17

I P

20

56.5

■738

62 0

s.

137

4-5

30

3P

21

59-5

.694

75-5

s.

92

2-5

22

7 P

22

61.5

.720

76.0

S.W.

32

1.0

14

3 P

4 P

5P

T

23

55-5

•763

58.0

W.N.W.

48

1-5

17

3P

24

57.0

■574

86.5

W.N.W.

42

1-5

17

3P

I A

6 a

40

25

56.0

•586

77.0

N.N.W.

18

1.0

14

4 P

10 A

I I A

T

26

56.5

.651

69.5

S.W.

76

50

32

7 P

10 P

12 P

•17

27

61.0

.678

72.5

W.S.W

162

5-0

32

I A

0 A

I A

.18

28

54-5

.717

59-5

W.N.W.

12

0.0

—

29

63.0

.642

895

w.

20

1.0

14

7 P

7 A

7 P

.68

30

565

.608

76.0

w.

102

2.0

20

6 P

••Rain or meltedsnow at base of tower.

•Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during June was much nearer normal than that of
the preceding month and furnished but few features of special in-
terest. The backwardness of the season which was so pro-
nounced at the beginning of the month was much less noticeable
when the month closed, although some maturing crops were still
more than two weeks behind their normal progress. The
precipitation was much greater than usual and the range of tem-
perature unusually small.

A comparison of the records of the several weather elements
with the normals of our twenty-five year summary, shows the
following features of more or less interest : The mean barometer
was slightly higher than the normal and the range unusually
small. Owing to the steady pressure of the atmosphere the wind
movement was but little more than one-half the usual amount
and but a single gale was recorded on the pressure chart.

The mean temperature was practically normal, and the range
the smallest of any June on our records. The maximum temper-
ature was about three degrees lower than normal and the mini-
mum was more than ten degrees higher than usual, making it our
highest June minimum.

The mean dew point was practically normal and the relative
humidity a few points higher than usual.

The total precipitation was more than sixty per cent above the
normal and was well distributed, — a measurable amount occur-
ring on more than half the days of the month.

The amount of sunshine was slightly less than normal.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
W. P. SAUNDERS, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 343.

JULY, 1917

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 31 ft. Above sea level, ^73-5 f^-
Height of Wind Instruments J 2 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 29.93, 25th, 8 a
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.36, 12th, 4 a
Reducedt maximum reading, 30.22, 25th, 8 a
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.66, 12th, 4 a

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.948

Montlily range 0.56

*Alr Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 98.C;, 31st, 5 P

Lowest 51.5,6th, 5 A

Mean hourly 71.7

Mean of means of max. and min 72.5

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 66 2

Monthly range 47.0

Highest mean daily 86.4, 31st

Lowest mean daily , . . .60.4,11th

Mean maximum 83.1

Mean minimum 61.9

Mean daily range 21.2

Greatest daily range 33.=;, 6th

Least daily range 9.0,11th

HumidKy.

Mean dew point ■ 63.9

Mean force of vapor 764

Mean relative humidity 79.4

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 3.36

Number of days on which .01 inch or more
rain fell S

*Temperature in ground shelter.
**Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 2133 m

Greatest daily movement 242m, 19th

Least daily movement 5m, 17th

Mean daily movement 68. 8 m

Mean hourly velocity 2.9 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, lo.o lbs =

44m per hour, i8th, 10 P, S.S.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes 24m per

hour, 19th, 2:30 p, S.S.W.
Prevailing direction. Southwest.

Summary.

South Southwest 26 per cent

Southwest 23 " "

Other directions 51 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 48 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 177 hours = 38 per cent

Number of clear days 5

Number of fair days 22

Number of cloudy days 4

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 2S5 hrs, ^= 62 per cent.
Rain, 2d, gth, nth, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th,

17th, iSth, 19th, 2ist, 24th, 29th.
Thunder and Lightning. I5tli, 17th, 21st,

24th.
Hail, 2ist.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour. 35m, 17th,

W.: 44m, 18th, S.S.W.: 36m. iqth, S.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

Sea Level.

Temperature. Grou

id Shelter.

^2

S

E

_><

3

£

T3

J3

i|

en

(4

1

s
B

S

nl 5

E

E

E

'c

E

>- v.'

rt 3 rt
D 0 2

0 bj)

Q

IS

S

St^

S

H

S

H

SSS

ssa

Sl^^

M

I

30.04

29.89

29.976

78.0

3P

55-5

2:30 A

66.7

69.6

65-3

II.4

2

29.89

29.78

29.818

89.0

3:30 p

65.0

5:30 A

77.0

75-3

67-7

9-3

3

29.94

29 82

29.891

88.0

0:30 p

65.0

5:30 A

76.5

70.4

63-7

7.2

4

30.05

29.90

29.968

82.0

3P

62.0

6 A

72.0

70.5

63-5

11-3

5

30.12

30.04

30.0S2

83-5

5P

54-0

4A

68.7

69-3

61.5

12.6

6

30.14

30.11

30.127

85.0

4 P

51-5

5A

68.3

68.8

61.7

11.5

7

30-17

30.07

30.132

84.5

3P

55-5

4:30 A

70.0

70.0

62.5

II-5

8

30.11

30.02

30.075

81.0

0:30 p

57.0

5A

69.0

68.9

61.3

9.6

9

30,02

29.89

29.940

740

4 P

61.0

4:30 A

67.5

66.9

60.5

10.2

lO

29.92

29.84

29.882

71.0

II A

58.C

4:30 A

645

645

60.3

7-9

II

29.86

29.69

29.742

66.0

II A

57.0

12 P

61.5

60.4

57 7

'•5

12

29.77

29.66

29.706

70.0

0:30 P

56.5

I A

63-3

63-7

61.0

4.8

•3

29.87

29-73

29802

83.0

2 P

63.0

6a

730

71. 1

65.3

9.4

M

29.89

29.81

29.874

81.0

3:30 P

62.0

5A

71-5

69 I

65.7

6.1

15

29.90

29 82

29.865

78.0

3:30 P

62.0

5A

70.0

67.7

637

8.6

16

30.03

29.90

29.962

83.0

I P

56.0

5A

695

70.0

62.7

II-3

'7

30-13

30.02

30.049

79.0

4 P

58.0

2 a

68.5

68.3

65.5

8.7

18

30.08

30.04

30.062

82.0

I P

65.0

0 A

73-5

730

69-5

8.6

'9

30.12

30 06

30.097

81.0

12 M

59 5

5 A

70.3

73-6

70.0

7.8

20

3014

30-05

30.104

87.0

3:30 P

66.5

I A

76.7

74.6

69.0

10.3

ZI

30 10

30.00

30052

82.5

12 M

66.5

12 P

74-5

70.4

66.7

57

22

30.00

29.88

29938

890

3:30 P

66.0

5A

77-5

76.2

69.7

10.7

23

29.94

29.88

29.916

930

3P

69.0

5:30 A

81 0

78.5

72.0

10.8

24

3015

29.94

30.060

88.0

2:30 P

66.0

12 P

77-0

73-5

69-7

5-5

25

30.22

30- '5

30.187

89.0

3P

62.0

5 A

75-5

74-5

69.7

13.0

26

30.17

29.87

30.020

88.5

2:30 p

70.0

6a

79-3

77-4

71.0

9.8

27

29.87

29.69

29734

88.0

I p

66.0

12 p

77.0

770

69.0

8.0

28

29.97

29.77

29.920

79.0

4 P

5S-5

6a

68.7

70.0

66.5

12.2

29

29.95

29-73

29.847

79-0

4 P

63.0

3A

71.0

70.9

67.0

4-9

30

29.78

29.68

29.744

96.0

4 P

68.0

3A

82.0

83-4

76.5

12.7

31

29 86

29.70

29.817

98.5

5 P

75 -0

12 p

86.7

86.4

75-5

12.5

DAILY SUMMARY.

H

umidity

Wind.

F

recipitation.

fel

Total in

Q

0

a

>

si

Ms

i> en

Q.

b£

c

'c

bi

Inches.

1

a

S5

rt5 £

<L) i) 3

> <u

<U 1-

Total
Move
in Mi

1/) k.
V 3
^ 0

c
"bt)

•5

c
W

a

PS

0
c
tn

I

63-5

•753

79.0

s.w.

71

2-5

22

5 P

2

60.5

.770

84.0

s.s.w.

86

2-5

22

5 P

5 A

6a

.06

3

60.5

.718

75.0

s.

39

1.0

14

4 P

4

60.0

.722

72.5

s.w.

47

I.O

14

4P

5

56-5

•723

635

N.W.

47

0.5

10

10 A

6

5«.o

•675

72.0

W.N.W.

15

0.0

—

—

7

59.0

.712

70.0

W.S.W.

45

0.0

—

—

8

37-0

.677

69.0

S.S.W.

79

2.0

20

I P

9

57.0

.624

76.0

S.E.

71

2.0

20

12 M

10 A

4 P

T

lO

565

•643

70.0

E.

25

0.0

—

—

II

55-5

.520

85.0

E.

37

0.0

—

—

10 A

8:30 P

•95

12

60.0

.580

89.5

S.S.E.

83

1-5

17

4 P

10 A

5 P

T

13

635

.690

84.5

S.W.

36

0.0

4 A

5 A

.01

'4

64.5

.696

86.5

S.W.

70

3-0

24

9P

7:30 A

II p

.10

15

625

■637

88.5

S.

94

1.0

14

2 P

4 P

5 P

.02

16

59.0

■774

64.5

W.

102

2.0

20

12 M

>7

&4.0

.702

85.5

W.S.W.

5

6.0

35

9P

9 P

12 p

■74

18

67.5

.805

85.0

S.S.W.

126

1 0.0

44

10 P

1 P

3 P

T

'9

69.0

■794

88.5

S.S.W.

242

6^5

36

12 M

4 A

2 p

T

20

67.0

.802

84.0

s.w.

100

2.0

20

3P

21

67.5

.720

88.0

S.S.W.

85

2.0

20

2 p

12 M

5 P

1.42

22

695

.840

84.5

S.S.W.

44

0.0

—

—

23 715

.851

90.0

s.w.

20

0.0

—

—

24

68.0

■7t>3

90.5

S.S.W.

35

3^0

24

II A

5 P

8p

.06

25

68.0

.824

84.5

S.E.

27

0.0

—

—

26

69.0

.860

83.0

S.S.W.

108

2.0

20

8a

27

66.5

.841

78.5

W.N.W.

83

2.0

20

II A

28

63.0

.812

7i^5

N.N.W.

100

15

17

10 A

29

65.0

•754

83.5

S.W.

60

1.0

14

10 A

8 A

4P

T

30

73-5

1.190

70.0

w.

lOI

2^5

22

10 A

31

71-5

i^'97

65 0

N.W.

50

0.5

10

12 M

**Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

*Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during July, while generally normal, presented a
few features of more than passing interest. The most noticeable
feature was the storm of the 21st instant. While this stonii was
only moderately severe at the station — its principal feature being
the excessive precipitation — in the immediate vicinity it was of
exceptional severity. Only a few miles away the wind approached
a hurricane in velocity, and hail did much damage to the growing
crops, especially tobacco. The precipitation was also much great-
er than here and caused washouts on the railroads and much dam-
age to the highways. Only an occasional hailstone was noted
here.

The other abnormal feature was the excessive heat and high
hnmidity of the last two days of the month. Both days were ex-
ceedingly oppressive, and the month closed without any immedi-
ate change in sight.

The records of the several weather elements showed the follow-
ing features : The mean barometer was practically normal and
the range quite small. The total wind movement was only about
sixty per cent of the noi-mal, and an unusual amount was from
the southwest quadrant. Only a few moderate gales were noted.

The mean hourly temperature was a degree higher than the
normal, and the maximum and minimum temperatures were both
about five degrees higher than usual.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both consid-
erably higher than the normal.

The total precipitation was one inch less than the normal.
Nearly the whole amount occurred during the three storms on the
11th, 17th, and 21st. The first and last thirds of the month were
practically free from rain.

The amount of sunshine was slightly more than nomial.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
W. P. SAUNDERS, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 344.

AUGUST, 19 17

Meteorolooical Observations

o

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Hcii^ht of barometer above groimd, S^ ft- Above sea level, 2"/^.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.00, 31st, 12 m
Mininuim reduced to freezing, 29.31, 24th, 3 P
Reduced! maximum reading, 30.29, 31st, 12 m
Reducedt minimum reading, 29.S9, 24th, 3 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.005

Monthly range 0.70

*Air Temiierature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 98.0, ist, 4 p

Lowest 46.0, 27th, 4 A

Mean hourly 70.9

Mean of means of max. and niin 72.3

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 6t;.6

Monthly range 52.0

Highest mean daily 83.2, ist

Lowest mean daily 62.2, 26th

Mean maximum 84.3

Mean minimum 60.4

Mean daily range 23.9

Greatest daily range 39.5, 27th

Least daily range 10.5, 23d

Humidity.

Mean dew point 63.2

Mean force of vapor 73S

Mean relative humidity 80.0

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 7.06

Number of days on which .01 inch or more
rain fell 13

•Temperature in ground shelter.
** Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 2548 m

Greatest daily movement 251m, 28th

Least daily movement 21m, 13th

Mean daily movement 82.0 m

Mean hourly velocity 3-4 ni

Maximum pressure per square foot, 3.5 lbs =

26 m per hour, 2d, 9th, 20th, 28th.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes 15m per

hour, 2Sth, 2 p, N.E.
Prevailing direction. South Southwest.

Summary.

South Southwest 10 per cent

South 19 " "

Noith Northwest 16 " "

West 13 " "

Other directions 42 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 50 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . .142 hours = 33 per cent

Number of clear days 12

Number of fair days 16

Number of cloudy days 3

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 2S7 hrs, = 67 per cent.
Rain. 8th, 9th, loth, 14th, 15th, i6th, 17th,

i8th, 2ist, 22d, 23d, 24th, 29th, 30th, 31st.
Hail, 2ist.
Thunder and Li(ihtninS.9th,I0th,l5th,i7th,

2ISt, 24th, 29th, 30th.

Gales. 35 or more miles per hour. None.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

<u

Sea Level.

Temperature, liround Shelter.

s^

Q

S
3
E

IS

E
3
E
'S

S

"3

rt g
2c«

E
3
£

a;

E
H

£
3
E
'c

is

E
H

T3

i is"

Ji'a

0 bi

m

I

29-93

29.83

29.878

98.0

4P

69.0

5A

83-5

83-2

74-0

II. 0

2

29.88

29.74

29.861

97.0

4 P

72.5

6a

84.7

80.8

73-5

10.5

3

29.95

29.83

29.918

84.0

5P

64.0

12 p

74.0

73-1

64.0

10.2

4

30.12

29-95

30 068

82.0

2:30 p

55-0

6a

68.5

68.8

62.5

13-0

5

30-17

30.08

30.116

86.0

6p

53-0

5 A

69.5

69.7

63.5

13.0

6

30.09

30.04

30.069

855

4 P

56.0

6a

70.7

72.2

66.3

11.4

7

30.22

30.07

30.166

88.0

4:30 p

64.0

6a

76.0

74.6

67.0

lO.O

8

30-23

30.04

30. 144

82.5

2:30 p

595

5 A

71.0

70.3

66.7

6.0

9

30.04

29.80

29.865

85.0

3:30 p

69.0

12 p

77.0

75-3

71-5

8.3

lO

29.95

29.72

29.850

8. .5

5 P

61.0

12 p

71.3

69.7

64-3

1 0.0

II

30.07

299s

30.029

85.0

3:30 p

54-5

6a

697

68.8

64.0

12.0

12

30.16

30.07

30.125

88.0

3P

57-0

6a

72.5

70.8

643

II.8

'3

30.20

30.14

30.180

88.5

4:30 p

58.0

6a

733

71.2

65.0

i'-3

'4

30.19

30.14

30.167

850

2 p

61 0

5A

730

71.9

65.7

I r.i

15

30 17

30,04

30083

79-0

1:30 p

65.0

12 p

72.0

698

66.3

6.2

i6

30.04

29.91

29.969

83.0

2 p

65.0

5A

74.0

70.7

67.5

7.5

'7

29.91

29.78

29850

80.5

r.30 p

59.0

12 P

69.7

689

673

6.1

i8

29.99

2983

29.900

80.5

5 P

54-5

6a

67-5

66.0

62.5

12.0

•9

3006

29.96

30.015

86.0

4 P

53-5

6a

69.7

67.0

64.0

13.0

20

30.01

29.84

29-954

875

3:30 P

630

5A

75-3

73-3

675

II. 5

21

30.02

29.86

29-931

88.0

3P

63.0

5 A

75-5

71-3

67.5

8-5

22

30.06

29.99

30.021

75-0

4P

63-5

5 A

693

69.1

64.5

5-7

23

29.99

29.74

29.890

75-0

4 P

64.5

6a

69.7

70.5

67.5

2.7

24

29.74

29-59

29.638

88.5

1:30 p

70.0

3A

79-3

760

72.3

4-5

25

29.86

2965

29.740

86.5

4 P

62.0

12 P

74-3

73 7

67.0

lO.O

26

30-15

2986

30.088

77.0

5P

50.0

6:30 A

63-5

62.2

545

12.5

27

30.18

3009

30.148

855

3 P

46.0

4A

65.7

66.3

59-3

II. 0

28

30.09

29.96

30.051

83-5

3P

62.0

5A

72.7

72.0

65.0

9-7

29

30.09

29.96

30.074

83-5

2 p

64.0

12 P

73-7

68.9

645

6.0

30

30.15

30.00

30.082

7S.0

12 M

59.0

12 P

68.5

68.0

66.0

0.0

31

3029

30.15

30.284

80.5

5 P

54-5

6 A

67.5

65.2

59.0

10.2

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

[2

Total in

<u

Q

0

>

Il

Sii

bi

c

bi

Inches.

♦

nl

Q

S5s

4) 1) 3

Sail

> <u

PlhQ

HS.S

rt 0) t.

'S.X

V

H

•5

c
W

it

0

G

in

I

70.5

1.096

68.5

w.

44

2.0

20

6 p

2

71-5

•993

78.0

w.

61

3^5

26

5 P

3

60.5

.750

70.0

N.N.W.

41

0.5

10

I p

4

58.0

.720

680

N.N.W.

42

0.0

—

—

5

60.5

.711

740

N.N.W.

32

0.0

—

—

6

63.0

.785

75.0

S.E.

86

^•5

17

3P

7

63.0

.855

68.0

S.

64

15

17

7A

8

655

.707

91.5

S.

74

25

22

2 p

7A

8p

•13

9

70.0

.844

87^5

S.S.W.

179

3-5

26

6p

11:30?

12 p

.60

lO

62.0

.868

85.5

N.N.W.

43

I.O

14

I p

0 A

3A

2.34

[1

620

.682

81 0

N.W.

28

0.0

—

12

61.0

.699

76.0

E.S.E.

25

00

—

—

'3

61.5

.718

72.0

N.W.

21

0.5

ID

I p

14

63.5

.708

80.5

S.S.W.

107

2.0

20

3P

6:30 A

T

'5

63.5

.714

72.5

S.S.W.

no

2-5

22

3 P

5 P

12 P

.26

i6

665

.710

90.5

s.

81

05

10

6 p

8a

8p

.04

'7

67.0

685

94.0

s.

no

2.0

20

12 M

6a

8p

.88

i8

60.5

.640

82.5

N.N.W.

75

1.0

14

5 P

2 A

4A

.22

19

60.5

.644

73-0

w.

53

05

10

2 p

20

65.0

.802

77.0

s.

184

3^5

26

4P

21

66.0

•730

88.0

W.N.W.

79

0.0

—

—

3 P

12 P

.21

22

61.5

.717

77.0

E.N.E.

23

0.0

—

—

8 P

12 p

T

23

66.5

.726

89 0

E.

42

0.0

—

—

8 A

12 p

•03

24

71-5

.850

90.0

S.

159

2.0

20

I P

0 A

12 p

.26

25

.64.0

.770

79^5

E.S.E.

84

2.0

20

3P

26

51.0

•499

75.0

S.E.

142

2-5

22

9A

27

56.0

.611

76 0

E.

63

0.5

10

I p

28

61.5

•754

72.5

N.E.

25'

3^5

26

2 p

29

63.0

•663

87.5

N.E.

116

2-5

22

2 p

1 P

10 P

1.80

30

65.5

.660

96.0

N.

67

2.0

20

II A

I A

6p

.28

31

56.5

•562

83.0

W.

62

0.0

—

0 A

2 A

.01

•*Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

•Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during August was marked by an unusual number of
thunder storms of more than ordinary severity with heavy precipita-
tion. One of the storms was accompanied by much hail in the im-
mediate vicinity of the station and considerable damage was done to
tobacco and fruit. The storm on the night of the 9th and loth was
one of the heaviest downpours here in many years, nearly three inches
of rain falling in about three hours. High temperatures were in
evidence most of the month, the thermometer registering 80 degrees
or more on 26 days. The highest temperature of the month was
reached on the ist during the hot wave which started the latter part
of July, and continued the first two days of this month.

Comparing the records with the normals for this station the follow-
ing features are noted : The barometer record was practically normal
in every respect. The total wind movement was considerably less
than normal and not a single gale was recorded on the wind-pressure
chart. The wind direction was more variable than usual.

The mean temperature was more than three degrees above the nor-
mal and the range a little larger than usual. Both the maximum and
minimum were several degrees higher that their respective normals.
There was no approach to the temperature for frost at any time.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both several points
above their normals.

The total precipitation was about sev^enty per cent more than the
normal.

Notwithstanding the large precipitation the amount of sunshine
was considerably more than usual, and only three days were recorded
as cloudy.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

H. B. MILLARD, Acting Observer.

BULLETIN No. 345.

SEPTEMBER, 19 17

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 5^ ft- Above sea level, 213.3 ft.
Height oj Wind histruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressaie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, . 30.24, 23d. 8 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, . 29.^0, 30th, 4 p
Reduced maximum reading, . . 30.54, 23d, 8 A
Reducedt minimum reading, . 29.49, 30th, 4 P

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.107

Monthly range 1.05

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 85.0, 19th, 3 p

Lowest 30.5, nth, 6 A. 24th, 5 A

Mean hourly 57-°

Mean of means of max. and min 5S.4

Mean sensible (wet bulb) S2 i

Monthly range 54.5

Highest mean daily 67.9, 2d

Lowest mean daily 45.9,11th

Mean maximum 72

Mean minimum 44.0

Mean daily range 28

Greatest daily range 41.0, 19th

Least daily range 6.5,1st

Humidity.

Mean dew point 49.7

Mean force of vapor 436

Mean relative humidity §3.5

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 2.42

Total snow, in inces

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 5

Days of sleighing, . . .

•Temperature in ground shelter.
•* Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 1702 m

Greatest daily movement 179m, loth

Least daily movement im, 26th

Mean daily movement 57.0 m

Mean hourly velocity 2.4 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 3.5 lbs =

26 m per hour, 6th, 7 a, N.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes i6m per

hour, 6th, 7 A, N.
Prevailing direction, East.

Summary.

East 20 per cent

Southwest 13 " "

Northeast 10 " "

North 10 " "

Other directions 47 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 39 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 133 hours = 36 per cent

Number of clear days 13

Number of fair days u

Number of cloudy days b

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 240 hrs, = 64 per cent.

Rain, ist, 2d Sth, 20th, 21st, 28th, 30th.
Thunder and Liiihtninti, ist, 2d, 20th, 30th
Frosts, nth, 12th, 23d, 24th.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour. None.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

S

s

_>.

£

S

-c

-Q

i|

PA

ri

0

s

ClJ

s

.-a

c -

n! 5

1

3

s

'S

>. 1-"

<u 0 s

■JS
0 bo

Q

%

is

^'ji

S

H

s

H

sss

SKa

Sc/)>

03

I

30-3 >

30.20

30.261

61.0

I P

54-5

6a

57-7

58.6

57-5

0.0

2

30.20

29.96

30050

82.5

3P

58.5

4A

70.5

67.9

64.7

8.3

3

30-03

29.96

30.023

78.0

I p

57-0

12 P

67-5

67.0

60.0

II. 0

4

30.18

30.03

30.103

725

2:30 p

51.0

12 P

61.7

61.2

55-0

9-7

5

30.24

30.06

30.161

73.5

2:30 p

430

6a

58.3

56.3

505

11.5

6

30.06

29.74

29.861

72.0

4P

46.0

0 A

59.0

59.3

56 0

2.3

7

30.13

29.92

30.101

73.0

3:30?

42.0

6a

57.5

56.0

48.5

11.4

8

3017

30.11

30.156

65.5

5P

45.0

12 P

55 3

52.7

49.0

7.3

9

30-14

29.94

30.054

71.0

3P

43-5

5A

57-3

55-2

50.0

7-5

10

30.17

2994

30.114

61.0

4P

36.0

12 P

48.5

50.4

423

8.0

II

30.23

30.13

30.222

63.0

2:30 p

30-5

6a

46.7

45-9

41.5

10.6

12

30.31

30.21

30273

74 5

4P

34-0

6:30 A

54-3

53.0

46.0

11.7

13

30.31

30.24

30.293

80.0

3P

39-5

6a

59-7

57.0

49-7

10.9

14

30.33

3024

30319

82.0

3P

42.0

6a

62.0

59.2

513

10.5

15

30.37

30.32

30338

750

2 P

44.0

6 a

595

58.9

54-5

9-5

16

30.39

3033

30359

64.0

1:30 P

46.0

12 p

55-0

56.1

53-5

4.0

17

30.33

30.00

30.165

70.0

2:30 P

41 0

. 5A

55-5

55-4

52-7

7-9

18

30.00

29.81

29 908

81.0

3P

50.5

4:30 A

65.7

626

55-3

9.8

19

29.95

29-83

29.917

85.0

3P

44.0

6a

645

62.7

56.3

10.5

20

29.89

29.82

29.876

81.0

1:30 p

52.5

6:30 A

66.7

64.6

59 5

6.8

21

29.97

2984

29.903

76.0

4P

480

12 P

62.0

61.3

52.0

8.0

22

30.41

29.97

30.194

65.0

4P

40.0

12 P

52.5

50.6

47.3

II.O

23

3054

3041

30.519

6S5

2 P

32.0

6a

503

48.1

43-5

II. I

24

30.52

3030

30403

68.5

2 P

30.5

5 A

49 5

48.9

45-5

95

25

3030

30 13

30-197

76.0

3P

47.0

12 P

61.5

57.8

51.0

0.0

26

30.18

30.09

30.137

79.0

3P

42.5

5 A

60.7

54.9

51-3

8-3

27

30.13

29.93

30.046

79.0

3P

45.0

5A

62.0

59-5

55-0

8.0

28

29.93

2976

29.833

695

2 p

48.0

12 P

58.7

59.5

58.5

2.1

29

2989

29.70

29.833

695

2 p

435

6a

56.5

565

53.0

100

30

29.70

2949

29.599

67.0

3P

43.5

6 a

55-3

51-5

50.0

2.9

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidit>

.

Wind.

Precipitation.

t!

Total in

5

Q

0

p.

>

■Si

c .

S 1>

£ 3 c-

0.

fci

c

bi

Indies.

#

3 D

5ta

S5S

a> <u 3

'5 0

> D

£2

0 c*
HS.S

■5 i^^'

V 3
^ 0

V

s

c
'be
OQ

■3

W

0

s
en

I

56.5

504

90.5

N.N.W.

42

0.0

_

10 A

2 P

.22

2

64.0

653

92.5

N.

67

I.O

14

I P

7 P

8 P

.46

3

55-5

630

67.5

S.S.E.

42

0.0

—

—

4

51-5

508

75.0

S.

ic6

I.O

14

10 A

5

48.0

394

87.0

S.S.W.

58

0.5

10

8 A

6

52-5

531

75.0

E.

130

3-5

26

7 A

7

44-5

396

75.0

S.VV.

31

0.0

—

8

47.5

359

90.0

N.W.

37

0.0

—

—

2 A

9:30 A

9

51.0

385

90.5

N.E.

45

I.O

14

12 M

10

37-5

31'

73-5

w.s.w.

179

2.5

22

10 A

II

39-0

287

840

s.w.

37

I.O

14

I P

12

44-5

342

87.0

E.

34

0.5

10

12 M

13

47.0

378

87.5

E.

18

0.0

—

14

485

438

81.5

E.N.E.

24

0.0

—

IS

51-5

485

800

S.W.

49

0-5

10

12 M

16

51-5

451

84.0

s.

68

0.0

—

—

17

52.5

415

95 5

S.S.E.

42

0.5

10

9A

18

525

484

83-5

E.S.E.

103

2.0

20

12 M

■9

53°

530

79-5

N.N.E.

15

0.5

10

2 P

20

58.5

531

930

N.

45

0-5

10

2 P

2:30?

T

21

490

475

830

E.

55

I.O

14

I P

8:30 A

9A

T

22

44 5

352

81.5

S.W.

106

2.0

20

10 A

23

3S-5

320

69.5

S.E.

39

0.5

10

7 I^

24

435

332

87.5

N.E.

7

0.0

—

—

25

49.0

401

87.0

E.S.E.

19

0.0

—

—

26

49-5

387

89.0

E.N.E.

I

0.0

—

—

27

54.0

403

91.0

N.E.

35

I.O

14

II p

28

57.0

515

87.5

E.

163

1-5

17

3A

2 A

9A

.28

29

490

440

74-5

N.

75

1-5

17

2 P

30

48.5

373

92.0

E.

31

2-5

22

4 P

9:30 A

7:30 p

•74

•*Rain or melted snow at base of tower. *Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during September while generally pleasant was con-
siderably cooler than usual, and the precipitation was comparatively
light. While the first frost was about a week earlier than the aver-
age date for this locality, it was much more severe than the ordinary
first frost of a season, and the resulting damage caused, especially to
corn on account of the generally backward condition of growth, was
much greater than is usually the case. Other crops were damaged
to some extent, but the loss was much less than that of the corn. A
comparatively small wind movement with many calm periods caused
an unusually abnormal wind direction and a much varied record of
daily prevailing directions. The precipitation record showed a pe-
riod of nearly three weeks without a measurable amount of rain.

The records of the several weather elements compared with their
respective normals show the following features of more or less inter-
est : The mean barometer was higher than the normal and the range
considerably more than usual. During much of the period of high
barometer the wind movement was very small, resulting in a total
wind movemeat of but little more than one-half the usual amount.

The mean hourly temperature was more than four degrees lower
than the normal, and the maximum and minimum were both about
two degrees lower than their normals.

The mean dew point was about four degrees lower than usual, and
the relative humidity considerably higher than the average value.

The total precipitation was about sixty per cent, of the normal
and nearly all of it occurred during three showers of moderate
intensity.

The amount of sunshine was considerably more than normal, and
only six cloudy days were noted.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
H. B. MILLARD, Acting Observer.

BULLETIN No. 346.

OCTOBER, 1917

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTUIUL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48,5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" VV.

Heij^ht of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Prpssnre. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.10, iSth. 9 a
Minimum reduced to freezing, . 28.98, 30th, 4 p
Reduced maximum reading, . . 30.40, 18th, 9A;

23d, 8 A.
Reducedt minimum reading, . 2 .29, 30th, 4 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 30-052

Monthly range i-H

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr,

Highest 700, 27th, 3 p

Lowest 27.0, 21st, 6 A

Mean hourly 47-°

Mean of means of max. and min 47.4

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 43 1

Monthly range 43-0

Highest mean daily 60.1, 19th

Lowest mean daily 37-7, 3ist

Mean maximum 57.9

Mean minimum 36-8

Mean daily range 21. i

Greatest daily range 31.5. 2d, 3d

Least daily range 3-5t24th

Hamidity.

Mean dew point 40.0

Mean force of vapor 317

Mean relative humidity 79.6

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 6.60

Total snow, in inces

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 12

Days of sleighing, . . .

Wind.

Total movement 4118 m

Greatest daily movement 469m, 30th

Least daily movement 23m, 17th

Mean daily movement i33-0 ni

-Mean hourly velocity 5o m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 17.0 lbs =

58 m per hour, 30th, 9 A, S.W.
.Maximum velocity for ; minutes 36m per

hour, 30th, 10 A, S.W.
Prevailing direction. South Southwest.

Summary.

South 19 per cent

South Southwest 19

Southwest 13

.Southeast 10

Northeast 10

Other directions 28

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 55 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the .Sun

Thermometer . . 205 hours = 59 per cent

Number of clear days 10

Number of fair days 5

Number of cloudy days ib

Briiibt Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 142 hrs, = 41 per cent.
Bain. 5th, 8th. 9th, loth, 12th, 15th, 19th, 20th,

24th, 27th, 28th, 30th.
Thander and Lidhtnint, 5th, 15th, 27th.
Frosts, 7th, 13th, 17th, 21st, 23d, 29th, 31st.
Gales, 35 or more miles per hour. 41m, 19th,

S.: 51m, 24th, S.; 44m, 28th. S.W. : 58m,

30th, S.W.

Temperature in ground shelter.
• Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

a

Sea Level.

Tern

perature

. Ground Shelter

eA
rt

S

E

3

s

'S

B

a
S

c4

£

e

S
'c

S

>• 1.;
?^ s rt

p
o.S?

Q

s

S

S(/)

s

P

s

H

ssS

Q) 0 u,

s^^

^«

I

30.04

29-59

29.823

60.0

3P

42.0

12 P

51.0

50.9

47-3

3-3

2

30.26

30.04

30.246

67.0

3P

35-5

6a

51-3

50

2

48.5

6.5

3

30.23

29.91

30.086

69.0

3P

37 5

5A

53-3

52

7

49.0

8.0

4

29.91

29.62

29773

65.0

I P

42.0

12 P

53-5

53

8

48.7

1.8

S

29.94

29.86

29.900

530

2 p

37-0

2 A

45-0

46

4

46.3

0.6

6

30.18

2991

30030

60.0

3:30 p

41 0

12 P

50.5

50

1

46.5

6.7

7

30.28

30.18

30.244

61.0

4P

31-5

7 A

46.3

46

2

43-3

9-4

8

30.18

30 00

30.093

58.5

2 P

39-0

6:30 A

4S.8

49

2

45-5

3-9

9

30.20

30.10

30193

46.0

1 P

390

12 P

42.5

42

1

40.3

0.2

lO

30-I4

30.11

30134

465

4P

390

2 A

42.8

42

4

41.3

0.7

II

30.14

30.00

30.060

46.S

4P

32.0

12 P

39-«

41

0

39-8

0.1

12

30.07

29.67

29.926

57.0

3:30 P

295

1 A

43-3

43

0

41.0

1.2

'3

30.10

2978

29.9S1

555

2 P

32.0

6:30 A

43-S

44

2

40.0

6.7

'4

30- J 9

3003

30 119

60.0

3P

34 5

7 A

47-3

46

7

40.0

9-5

«S

30-03

2974

29.839

63.5

12 M

46.0

3A

54-7

51

7

50.0

1-7

i6

30.18

2984

30.03S

63.0

2 P

390

12 P

51.0

50

9

44-7

9-8

•7

30.3«

30.18

30.337

61.0

4P

305

5A

45-7

43

7

38.0

lO.O

i8

30.40

30.24

30337

62.0

2 P

4r.o

2 A

5'-5

49

5

46.0

2.8

19

3024

29.80

29.979

69.0

3 P

47.0

12 P

58.0

60

I

60.3

1.9

20

30.20

29.88

30.093

50.0

I p

330

12 P

41.5

43

3

375

I.I

21

30-30

30.07

30.215

55-5

4P

27.0

6a

41-3

41

0

34.7

9-5

22

30.25

30.01

30.109

57-5

2:30 P

36.0

6a

47-7

45

2

38.7

9-5

23

30.40

3025

30372

57.0

4 P

2S.5

7A

42.7

42

I

38.0

8.8

24

30.29

29-54

29.881

465

8p

41.0

12 P

43-7

43

7

45.0

0.0

25

29.99

29.61

29.857

5'-o

2 P

415

7 A

46.3

44

0

40.5

35

26

30-15

29.99

30.110

6. .5

3P

37-5

7A

49-5

47

8

41.5

9-1

27

30.08

29-83

30.015

70.0

3 P

44-5

0 A

56.7

55

7

52-3

7.0

28

30.22

2974

30.108

56.0

0 A

38.0

12 P

47-0

48

8

40.3

8.7

29

30.22

2977

30.060

54-5

9P

28.5

6a

41-5

43

2

41.3

I.O

30

2979

2929

29.565

66.0

12 M

39-5

12 P

52.7

50

2

50.0

0.0

31

30.11

29.79

30.078

47-5

2 P

32.0

6a

39-7

37

7

33-7

8.0

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

fe

Total in

Q

0

0.

>

■-2

c 3 cr

ft

be

c

■5

bi

Inches.

1.

Q

So, ;

^1 s

<u 1) a

'S tj

> <U

£0

5^s

•5 '£'^

en u
S 0

V

S

V

OQ

c

W

0

c

I

43-5

•357

77.0

W.N.W

98

2.0

20

3P

2

46.0

•374

865

S.W.

30

0.0

—

—

3

47.0

362

840

s.s.w.

142

4.0

28

2 p

4

45 5

378

84.5

s.s.w.

196

3-0

24

9A

5

44-5

318

89-5

N.W.

33

0.0

—

—

8a

10 P

•35

6

44-5

338

87.5

N.N.W.

75

1-5

17

2 P

7

40.5

296

80.5

s..

73

1-5

17

5 P

8

42.0

292

78.0

S.S.W.

144

3-5

26

2 p

6 p

8p

•15

9

37-5

263

82,5

N.E.

lOI

2.0

20

9A

3P

io:30P

.09

lO

35-5

282

66.5

E.N.E.

87

I.O

14

8a

9:30 p

II p

.01

II

3«5

244

92.0

N.E.

64

0.5

10

3P

12

395

270

91.5

N.E.

103

55

33

6p

3P

II p

•78

'3

350

284

69.5

S.W.

no

2 0

20

2 p

'4

35-5

292

695

S.S.W.

85

2.0

20

12 p

•5

47 0

388

81.5

SS.W.

247

5-5

33

12 M

i2:30P

4P

•15

i6

39-5

338

71.0

W.N.W.

^33

55

33

3P

'7

35 -o

248

81.0

S.W.

23

0.0

—

—

i8

42.5

337

78.5

S.

81

2-5

22

6p

•9

590

556

89.5

S.

243

8.5

41

12 M

2 P

12 P

•05

20

34-0

245

800

S.E.

164

!•$

17

4 A

0 A

9A

•38

21

28.5

232

67.0

S.

47

1.0

14

2 P

22

33-5

269

71-5

S.E.

78

1-5

17

3 P

23

33 5

263

74-5

S.E.

44

1.0

14

7 P

24

44.0

304

94.0

S.

224

13.0

51

5 P

8a

ii:30P

1. 01

25

37-5

274

830

N.

236

2.5

22

8a

26

38.0

305

79-5

N.

121

15

17

6p

27

51-0

422

89.5

S.

128

3^5

26

12 p

8:30 p

12 p

•85

28

31.0

3>6

58.0

S.W.

295

9-5

44

I A

0 A

I A

.05

29

350

314

685

W.S.W.

78

30

24

3P

30

48.0

445

84.5

S.S.W.

469

17.0

58

9A

0 A

7 P

2-73

3'

29-5

214

77-5

w.

166

0.0

~

~

•*Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

•Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during October was less pleasant than usual, ow-
ing to the large number of cloudy days and comparatively cool
temperature. The precipitation record was also unusually large,
which added to the general discomfort. The rainstorm on the
30th was unusually heavy for this locality and was accompanied
by a very high wind and low barometer.

A comparison of the records of the several weather elements
with their normals for this station shows the following as the
more important features : The mean barometer was practically
normal while the maximum and minimum records were both con-
siderably lower than their normals. The range of pressure was
about the usual amount. The total wind movement was nearly
the normal amount, but the prevailing direction was much nearer
the south point than usual.

The mean temperature was about three degrees lower than
normal and the maximum was nine degrees lower than usual, and
came unusually late in the month. The minimum temperature
was nearly four degrees higher than usual, giving an unusually
small range. Several frosts were noted, but, owing to the killing
frost which occurred in September, they did no especial damage.

The mean dew point was slightly lower than usual and the rel-
ative humidity comparatively high.

The total precipitation was about three inches more than the
average value for October — the storm of the 30th furnishing
nearly all of this surplus.

The amount of sunshine was less than 80 per cent of the nor-
mal amount.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
H. B. MILLARD, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 347.

NOVEMBER, 1917

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, J/ /?. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Iiistnitnents 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressiiio. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.25, 4th. S p
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.15, 22d, 11 p
Reduced maximum reading, . . 30.54, 4th, 8 p
Reduced! minimum reading, . 29.46, 22d, up

Mean semi-daily reduced 30-065

Monthly range i.oS

•Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr

Highest 62.0, 6th, 2 P

Lowest 7-0, 29th, 7 A

Mean hourly 33

Mean of means of max. and min 34.6

Mean sensible (wet bulb) ^8.4

Monthly range 55-o

Highest mean daily 41. 7i 6th

Lowest mean daily 16.4, 27th

Mean maximum 45.5

Mean minimum 23.6

Mean daily range 21.9

Greatest daily range 38.0, 6th, 15th

Least daily range 7.0. :

Humidity.

Mean dew point 22.2

Mean force of vapfir iSo

Mean relative humidity 71. i

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 0.63

Total snow, in inches \

Number of days on whicli .01 inch or more

rain fell 4

Days of sleighing, . . .

•Temperature in ground shelter.
••Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 3721 m

Greatest daily movement 356m, 25th

Least daily movement im, 30th

Mean daily movement 124.0 m

Mean hourly velocity 5.2 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 6.5 lbs =

36m per hour, 25tli, 6 .a, W.N.W.: 26th, 9.\,

N.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes 24m per

hour, 26th, 9 A, N.N.W.
Prevailing direction, Northwest.

Summary.

North Northwest 27 per cent

North 17 " "

West 17 " "

Northwest 13 " "

Other directions 26 " "

Wi

Mean cloudiness observed .... 34 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 123 hours = 42 per cent

Number of clear days 12

Number of fair days 9

Number of cloudy clays g

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 170 hrs, = 58 per cent.
Kain, 21st, 22d, 23d, 24th.
Snow, 24th, 28th.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour. 36m, 25th
W.N.VV.; 36m, 26th, N.N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature

. Ground Shelter

S

3

e

s

s
E
'S

E

3

s

S

c

3

£
'c

£

-d
i d e

ean
nsible
et Bulb.

s

s

s

H

S

^

sss

sia

S<^^ 1

in <n

u C
3 3
Oc/5

I

30.24

30.09

30.227

2

30.28

30.18

30.263

3

30-31

30.05

30.200

4

30.54

30.31

30513

S

30.48

30.16

30.345

6

30.16

29.87

30013

7

30.17

2998

30.113

8

30-17

30.02

30.098

9

30-05

29.84

29983

lO

30.01

29.75

29.905

II

30-13

2994

30.080

12

30.22

29.87

30.054

13

30.3«

30-15

30.285

«4

30.19

30.01

30.138

'S

30.01

29.78

29.897

16

29.89

29.79

29.862

'7

29.97

29.79

29.971

18

29.95

29.67

29«37

iq

30.12

29.80

30.104

20

30.10

2977

29.906

21

29.77

29.71

29.681

22

29.71

29.46

29539

23

29.62

2947

29.597

24

2982

2955

29.712

25

30.19

29.82

30.070

26

30.49

30.19

30394

27

30.51

3043

30.487

28

30.43

30.07

30.170

29

30.32

30.15

30312

30

30.32

29.81

30.205

49.0
48.0

44 5
44-5
55-0
62.0
43-0

450
52.0
56.0
56.0
49.0
49.0
565
61.S
46.0
54.0
61.0
40.0
48.5

43.0
44.0

43.0
34-5
305
27.5

27-5
25-5
39-5
31-0

3:30?
2:30 p

3

3

3:30

2
2
2:30
3
3

10 A
4:30 P

3:301^
1:30 P
10 A
1:30 P
2:30 P
O A
2:30 P

3P

8p
2:30 P

12 M
2 P

2 P
3:30 P

6p

3 P
12 p

25-5

7 A

36.3

35.4

26.5

27.0

6:30 A

37-5

34-9

30.0

25-5

3A

35-0

34-0

30-5

295

12 P

37-0

35 9

30.0

25.0

6:30 A

40.0

38.4

32.0

24.0

6:30 A

430

41-7

34-0

30.0

12 P

36.5

34-6

29.7

23.0

5A

34.0

35-1

32-5

30.5

7-30 A

41.3

40.5

33-7

305

7 A

43-3

41.6

36-5

24 0

7:30 A

40.0

,36.7

31.0

24.0

12 P

.36.5

36-1

29.0

18.5

6:30 A

33-7

31-3

23-7

22.5

7:30 A

39-5

33-8

26.0

23-5

2:30 A

__ia:i

38.1

303

29 0

12 PI

37-5

38-9

33-3

22.0

7A

38.0

35-9

32.0

27.5

6a

44-3

41.0

36.0

250

9P

32-5

30.9

25-5

28.0

7 A

38-3

35.9

30-7

35-5

7 A

39-3

38.5

35-2

370
330

9A

7:30 A

40.5

38-9
38.6

39-7
.36.7

38.0

18.0

0 A

26.3

31-8

28.7

'7-5

8:30 A

24.0

22.0

16.7

130

12 P

20.3

20.6

>7-3

10.5

7:30 A

19.0

16.4

10.7

12.0

12 P

19.7

18.0

16.0

7.0

7A

23J

22.2

'5-5

II. 5

7A

21.3

23.6

22.3

S.o
8.2
1-7
8.3
9-3
7-3
8.0

6.7
8.0

8.9
3-8
7-7
8.0
6.9
8.0
4.0
7.0
7.0
7.0

0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.0
8.0

8.4
0.0

7-7
1-3

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

fe

Total in

4)

Q

0

0.

>

C 3 CT

0.

c

bi

Inches.

I_

>1

San ;

Ei 0

S5 s

<U 4) S

'c5 1)

1) U

£5

1i v-"

^ 3
S 0

v

£

c
'5i

OQ

c

c
W

d

if

0

c
in

I

16.0

170

56.0

w.

19

0.0

_

2

23.0

175

72.0

N.W.

66

I.O

14

4 P

3

26.0

186

79-5

W.

158

3-5

26

3P

4

20.5

205

540

N.

272

4.0

28

II A

5

26.5

211

70.0

N.

63

2-5

22

9A

6

26.5

244

62.0

w.s.w.

84

4.0

28

9P

7

24.0

180

73-0

N.

292

5.0

32

10 A

8

27.0

212

69.0

N.N.W.

218

3-5

26

II A

9

280

220

69.5

N.N.W.

122

30

24

3 P

10

31.0

252

68.5

s.s.w.

180

3-5

26

12 M

II

26.5

140

79-5

E.

14

0.0

—

12

23-5

177

74-0

N.W.

131

2.5

22

3P

13

16.5

148

67.0

W.

12

0.0

•4

17.0

162

64.5

W.

4

0.0

—

'5

20.5

203

61.0

W.

46

1-5

17

6p

»

16

27.0

220

67.5

N.N.W.

256

4.0

28

I p

'7

29.0

175

85.5

N.W.

85

i-S

17

I p

18

30.0

253

71-5

S.

60

4.0

28

6a

'9

20.0

157

74.5

N.W.

278

2.0

20

9A

20

24.0

198

69.5

S.

163

2.5

22

2 P

21

32.0

224

81.0

S.E.

30

0.0

—

—

10 p

12 P

.05

22

38.0

257

895

E.S.E.

60

0.5

10

9A

0 A

12 P

•54

23

350

227

91-5

N.N.E.

96

0.0

0 A

3 P

.02

24

24.0

174

77.0

N.N.W.

161

2.0

20

3P

7 A

3 P

T

T

25

9-5

105

67.S

N.N.W.

356

6.5

36

6a

26

9-5

109

64.5

N.N.W.

290

6.5

36

9A

27

2.5

080

63.5

N.

167

4.0

28

12 M

28

lOO

100

730

N.N.W.

8

0.0

—

3:30^

ii:30A

.02

1

29

35

107

530

N.

29

0.0

—

30

19.0

131

«3.5

N.N.W.

I

0.0

**Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

*Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during November was characterized by the large
amount of sunshine and small precipitation. During the first three
weeks of the month not a trace of rain was noted and the remainder
of the month had only one storm of any consequence. Notwithstand-
ing the large amount of sunshine, the weather was considerably colder
than usual and the last week was good winter weather. Some days
showed unusually low mean temperatures for so early in the winter
season.

The record of the several weather elements shows the following as
the principal features : The mean barometer was higher than the
normal and the range less than usual. The minimum pressure was
considerably higher than the normal for this feature. During the
last few days of the month a period of high pressure with considerable
wind from the north points was concurrent with the low temperature.
The total wind movement was, however, considerably less than nor-
mal and only two gales were noted.

The mean temperature was more than three degrees lower than
usual, and the minimum for the month was more than six degrees
below the normal for this feature, giving a comparatively large range.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both several points
below their normals. The total precipitation was only about one-
fifth of the usual amount. A light fall of snow occurred near the end
of the month. At the close of the month small ponds were frozen
over and safe for skating.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

T. H. REUMAN, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 348.

DECEMBER, 1917

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGllICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above gron/iif, 5^ ft- Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Iiistruiiients ^2 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressuie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to treezing,3o.53, 17th, 10 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 2S.S9, 9th, 2 a
Reduced maximum reading, . . 3o.S6,i7th,io A
Reduced! minimum reading, . 29.20, 9th, 2 A

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.222

Montlily range 1.66

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 40 5, 5th, 3:30 p

Lowest -22.5, 30th, 7:30 A

Mean hourly 16,9

Mean of means of max. and min 17.1

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 14 ?

Monthly range 63.0

Highest mean daily 33.3, ist

Lowest mean daily -12.7,30th

Mean maximum 26.5

Mean minimum 7.

Mean daily range 1S.8

Greatest daily range 29.0, 22d

Least daily range 5.0,20th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 9.3

Mean force of vapor 104

Mean relative humidity 76.9

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 2.56

Total snow, in inches 14J

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 5

Days of sleighing, ... 31

•Temperature in ground shelter.
••Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wiud.

Total movement 4897 m

Greatest daily movement 43Sm, 2d

Least daily movement ';m, i6th

Mean daily movement 158.0 m

Mean hourly velocity 6.6 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 9.0 lbs =

43m per hour, 14th, 4 p, W.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes 24m per

hour, 14th, 4 p, W.N.W.
Prevailing direction. West Northwest.

Summary.

North 42 per cent

North Northwest 13 "

-South Southwest 13 "

Northwest 10 "

West 10 "

Other directions 12 "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 46 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 147 hours = 45 per cent

Number of clear days . 9

Number of fair days 10

Number of cloudy days 12

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 156 hrs, = 55 per cent.

Koin. ist, 24th.

Snow, ist, Sth,l0th, 13th, 14th, 28th.

Gales, 35 or more miles per hour. 35m, 2d,

N.N.W.; 40m, 9th, W.N.W.; 3£m, 10th,

W.N.W,; 43m, 14th, W.N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

V

Sea Level.

Tern

perature

. Ground Shelter

°2

3
S

S

E

'5

c •

E
3
E
><

c4

i5
E

£

3
£
'c

V

E

ill

V 3

3 3

0 Sf

Q

^

S

S

H

S

'Ci

SS2

(u 0 »;

srca

S<^^

I

30 01 29.63

29.692

370

9P*

290

10 A

33.0

33-3

34 3

0.0

2

29 93 29.62

29.710

37.0

0 A

23.0

12 P

30.0

29.0

253

6.5

3

29.95 2987

29.908

385

2:30 1'

18.5

7A

28.5

258

225

8.0

4

29.97 29.86

29902

32 5

3P

17.0

7A

24.7

245

22.3

J-7

5

30.00 29 90

29.944

40 5

3:30 p

180

5A

29.3

26.8

23.5

6.5

6

30.1 [

30.00

30.090

32.0

3P

18.0

12 P

25.0

24-3

203

7.6

7

30.28

30.03

30 139

27.5

3P

10.5

12 P

19.0

167

123

7-9

8

30.28

29.23

29.901

3r.o

10:30 p

2-5

7:30 p

163

15.0

15-5

1.2

9

29.90

29.20

29 633

34-5

4A

II. 5

8P

22.5

21 6

17.3

6.9

10

30.. 8

29.82

29.945

145

3:30 H

5-5

7:30 p

lO.O

10.9

95

7.0

II

3055

3018

30.440

20.0

3 P

2.5

2 A

"3

9-7

- 7-5

80

12

30.6 r

3049

3055s

18.0

4 P

-15

7:30 A

9-7

5-3

25

6.7

'3

3049

3003

30.267

25-5

9P

I.O

0 A

13-3

13.8

14-3

5-7

'4

3003

29.23

29 560

31.0

I P

17.0

12 P

" 24 0

24.5

22 0

5-1

'5

30.58

2989

30.325

24.0

2 P

-2.0

12 P

1 1.0

13.9

9.0

68

i6

30.82

3058

30798

13.0

4 P

-130

7:30 A

00

2.2

-1.0

6.5

17

30.86

30.82

30.828

26.0

3 P

80

10:30 P

170

13.2

-11.5

7-7

18

30.79

30.56

30669

27.5

7P

9.0

0 A

18.3

1S.6

18.3

3.0

'9

30.56

30 }6

30440

330

3P

230

6A

2S.0

275

26.3

38

20

30-36

30.25

30294

34.5

3:30 P

29.5

0 A

32.0

31.8

30.5

0.0

21

30.25

30.04

30 104

34-5

4P

280

7:30 P

31.3

323

31.0

0.0

22

30.34

3003

30.214

370

2 P

8.0

12 P

22.5

26 9

24.0

7-3

23

30.42

30.28

30.338

25.0

2:30 p

-2.0

7A

115

94

5-0

7-5

24

30.28

2.).95

30.06S

370

7:30 P

'3.0

0 A

25.0

3> 7

295

0.4

25

30.40

2995

30217

39 5

6 a

20.0

12 P

29.7

3'.i

263

23

26

30.63

30.40

30593

26.0

2:3c p

2-5

12 P

143

14-3

80

7.5

27

30.76

3050

30.670

II. 5

• 3P

-6.5

7:30 A

2.5

25

-1.7

70

28

30.50

30.11

30.256

255

1:30 p

1.0

OA

13.3

12.3

10.3

0.0

29

30.47

30.35

30.461

2.0

0 A

-14.5

12 P

-6.3

-6.1

-9 3

2.2

30

30.58

30.44

30.544

1.5

2:30 P

-22.5

7:30 A

-10.5

-12.7

-16.5

8.2

31

30.46

3027

30.370

50

3--30 P

-15-5

7:30 A

-5-3

-69

-9-3

7.2

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

. £

Tot

al in

Q

u

0

a

>

= 1

1) m

5 5 a-

(U

a

c

'c

bi

Inc

lies.

*

c *-*

= 0)

C "'"

'rt 0

'^ ^ '^

— •/) /

oi

c

0

;;.

u 0

0) 01 3

> 0)
D -

2 >s

c< 1) t.

— 0

S

bi

'■V

c

S2, S

SU.

^-^

io

HS.S

::^ii^

Si

H

tn

W

2i

w

I

3'0

199

86.5

N N.W.

112

30

24

9P

0 A

5 P

1. 10

2|

2

21.0

148

80.0

N.N.W.

43«

60

35

6 p

3

19.5

129

835

N.

152

3-0

24

8 a

4

•7-5

>32

77 5

N.N.W.

18

05

10

I P

5

20 0

140

80.5

s.s.w.

29

0 0

—

—

6

16.0

120

76.5

N.

62

25

22

12 p

7

6.0

084

7'-5

N.N.E.

203

30

24

9 A

8

S5

105

73-5

N.

62

5-5

33

7 i^

3:30?

1 1:30 p

.28

3i

9

•30

108

7«-5

W.

295

80

40

8 a

lO

7-5

072

905

W.N W.

25l

6.^

36

I p

5 P

6 p

T

T

1 1

1-5

067

72.5

W.

148

50

32

I I A

[2

3-0

053

80.0

N.

8

0.0

—

—

•3

11 5

093

86.5

N.

26

25

22

I I P

5A

12 p

•38

2

'4

195

124

86.5

N W.

337

90

43

4 i'

0 A

7:30A

•75

6

'5

50

073

79-5

N.W.

247

50

32

9A

i6

-70

050

725

N.

5

1 0

14

II P

'7

7.0

078

80.0

N.

120

4.0

28

2 P

i8

14.5

108

8vo

N.

•«3

'■5

17

10 P

'9

23.0

150

86.0

N.N.E.

30

I.O

14

10 p

20

28.0

178

87.0

s.s.w.

66

I.O

14

II A

21

29 5

176

9j.o

S.S.W.

70

0.0

—

—

22

17-5

149

70.5

N.

198

25

22

II A

23

-5 0

062

62.5

s s.w.

16

0.0

—

—

24

27 5

176

820

s.

185

4.0

28

2 P

II A

8p

T

25

19.5

.67

66.5

N.W.

260

35

26

8a

26

-••5

071

60.5

N.

'45

2-5

22

I P

27

-8.5

044

69 0

N.N.W.

«5

2 0

20

1 A

28

45

077

76 0

W.

129

50

32

3P

7 A

2 p

•05

1

29

-18s

03 •

590

N.

341

45

30

3A

30

-26.0

oig

630

N.

283

4-5

30

12 M

31

-16.5

031

67.0

N.

363

5.0

32

12 M

**Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

♦Included in following day.

Annual Summary for 1917.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, . . 30.53, Dec. 17th, 10 a.

Minimum reduced to freezing • . 28.61. Feb. 5th, 11 a.

Maximum reduced to freezing and sea-level, 30.S6, Dec. 17th, lOA.

Minimum reduced to freezing and sea-level, 2S.Q3, Feb. 5th, 11 A.

Mean reduced to freezing and sea-level, 30.010

Annual range, 1.93

*Air Temperature. In degrees Fahr.

Highest, gS.S.July 31st, 5 p.

Lowest —22.5, Dec. 30th, 7:30 a.

Mean hourly, 44-4

Mean of means of max. and min., 44.S

Mean sensible (wet bulb), 40.2

Annual range, 121.0

Highest mean daily S6.4, July 31

Lowest mean daily, —12.7, Dec. 30

Mean maximum, 55.2

Mean minimum, 34-6

Mean daily range, 20.6

Greatest daily range 43-°. Mar. 7

Least daily range, 3-o- Jan. 5

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 36.4

Mean force of vapor, 352

Mean relative humidity, 78.1

Wiatl.

Prevailing direction, West.

Summary.

Total movement, 44.653 m

Greatest daily movement 6iim., April 11

Least daily movement, . i m., Sept. 26; Nov. 30

Mean daily movement 122 m

Mean hourly velocity, 5.1 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 35.0 lbs.=84

m. per hour, April 10, 3 p., N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 40 m. per

hour, Apr. 10th, 3 P., N.W.

North Nortliwest, 10 per cent

West Northwest 10 "

West 10 "

Northwest 10 " "

Other directions, 59 "

Precipitation. In inches.
Total precipitation, rain or melted snow, . 43.56
Number of days on which .01 or more rain

or melted snow fell, 117

Snow total in inches, .... 58.0

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed 48 per cent.

Total cloudiness recorded by Sun Thermom-
eter, 1770 hrs. =40 per cent.

Number of clear days, 129

Number of fair days, 137

Number of cloudy days, 99

Bright Siinshiiie-

Number of hours recorded, 2684 hrs.^

=60 per cent-

Dates of Frosts.

Last May iSth

First Sept. nth

Dates of Snow.

Last, April 27th

First Nov. 24th

Total days of sleighing 95

Gales of 50 or More Miles Per Hour.

Jan. 14th, 57m., S.S.W.; Feb. 5th. 5im., S.W.;
Feb. loth, S2m, N.W.; April loih, 84m.,
N.W.; Oct. 24th, 51m., S.: 30th, L58ni, S.W.

* I'emperature in ground shelter.

A. L. CH.\NDLER,

O/'senrr.

J. E. OSTRANDER,

Meteorolos'ist.

BULLETIN No. 349.

JANUARY, 19 18

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGKICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" VV.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressme. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.20, 2Sth, 6 .\
Minimum reduced to freezing, 28.52, 15th, i p
Reduced maximum reading . . 30.54, 2Sth, 6.\
Reducedt minimum reading, . 28.84, 15th, i v

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.875

Monthly range 1.7°

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 44.0, i2th, 2:30 P

Lowest -20.0, 2nd, 7:30 A

Mean hourly i3-3

Mean of means of max. and min 13.9

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 10.9

Monthly range 64.0

Highest mean daily 33-7, '2th

Lowest mean daily -6.4, 2nd

Mean maximum 2?.9

Mean minimum 4.9

Mean daily range 18.0

Greatest daily range 33.0, 31st

Least daily range 6.0, 13th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 5.9

Mean force of vapor 0S4

Mean relative humidity 77.1

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 4. 11

Total snow, in inches 185

Number of days on which .01 inch or mtjre

rain fell 11,

Days of sleighing, ... 31

• Temperature in ground shelter.
•♦Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 5491 ni

Greatest daily movement 391m, 4th

Least daily movement iim, iSth

Mean daily movement 177 m

Mean hourly velocity 7-4 ni

Maximum pressure per square foot, 8. 5 lbs =

41m per hour, nth, 2 a, N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 32m per

hour, nth, 2 A, N.W.
Prevailing direction, West Northwest.

Summary.

North 16 per cent

North Northwest 13 " "

Northwest 22 " "

West Northwest 10 " "

West Southwest 16 " "

West 10 " "

Other directions 13 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 44 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 121 hours = 41 percent

Number of clear days 9

Number of fair days 14

Number of cloudy days S

Brii^ht Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 173 hrs, = 59 per cent.

Rain, 7th, 12th.

Snow. 7th, 8th, loth, nth. 12th, 15th, i7th^
i8th, 19th, 22d, 24th, 25th, 28th, 29th

Hail, 7th, 28th.

Gales, 40m 3d, N; 36m 5th, N.W.: 36m lOth-
N.W.; 41m nth, N.W.; 3gm i2th^
W.S.W.; 36m 15th, N.W.; 4oni 20th,'
W.N.W.: 35m 23d, W.X.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Grourjd Shelter.

G : •
rt X c

lU o 2

4) 3

3 3

I

30.28

2997

30.067

lO.O

2

30.14

30.01

30.097

5-0

3

30 14

29.94

30.039

9.0

4

2994

29.66

29.747

135

5

29.72

29.62

29.631

23-5

6

29.96

29.72

29 910

3'-5

7

2995

29.45

29.602

3'-5

8

29-55

29.42

29.435

30.0

9

29.56

2945

29.485

27.0

10

29.66

2945

29.546

28.0

[I

29.90

29.66

29.862

36.0

12

29.82

29 14

29.2S3

44.0

«3

29.94

29.45

29753

1 0.0

•4

29.99

2989

29.957

25 5

i.S

29.89

2884

29.309

27-5

i6

2996

29.49

29828

32.0

'7

29.98

29.82

29891

20.0

i8

30.01

29 «3

29927

22.0

'9

30.03

2981

29.874

26.5

20

30.12

2994

30 107

15-5

21

30.26

30.11

30. '77

27.5

22

30.20

29.61

29.820

155

23

29.87

29,6 r

29-738

21.0

24

29.87

29.71

29799

22.0

25

29.74

29 61

29.676

25-5

26

30.22

29 74

30.068

295

27

30.44

30.19

30363

19.0

28

3054

30.15

30383

9.0

29

3028

3003

30.131

295

30

30.45

30.27

30.384

20.0

31

30.35

30.19

30.259

25.5

7.8
6.5

4-3
8-3
8.3

8.2

0.0
I.I
4.8
4.6
8,0

3-8
7.0

5-7
0.5
8.5
i.o
6.6
4.9
71
8.4
0.0
8.6

7-7
S.o
8.0
8.0
0.6
76
■62
60

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

fe

Total in

Q

u

0

0.

>

•-2

||

c .
1) in

as

a -

a 3 o-

ft

c
c

bi

Inc

hes.

*

So,

.Sfct,

^1 s

u 0) 3

Sail

> <u

£5

3>g

t* S ii

V 3
" 0

sx

4)

s

c
Si

-5

c
W

35

0

c

I

-10.5

•033

84.0

N.

144

2-5

22

6 A

2

-14.0

.031

81.0

w.s.w.

22

0.0

^-

—

3

-6.0

•043

79-5

N.N.E.

246

8.0

40

9P

4

-i.o

.050

88.5

N.

391

5-5

33

I p

5

60

.089

68.5

N.

326

6.5

36

3P

6

8.0

.089

740

N.N.W.

168

2.0

20

12 M

7

24.0

•155

86.0

N.N.W.

90

0.5

10

2 P

7A

2 P

.70

3

4

8

18.5

•139

75-5

N.

150

2.5

22

6 p

6a

7 A

T

T

9

13.0

.118

695

N.W.

231

5°

32

I p

lO

12.0

.117

69.5

N.W.

347

6.5

36

12 M

9:30A

4 P

T

T

[ I

13-5

.126

68.0

W.N.W.

202

8.5

41

2 A

ii:30P

12 P

10

I

r2

25-5

.197

73-0

S.S.W.

282

7-5

39

9P

0 A

8:30A

1.65

I

•3

-••5

.058

67.5

W.S.W.

357

30

24

3A

•4

3 5

.088

60.0

W.S.W.

212

2.5

22

2 p

'5

16.0

.1 [O

835

N.W.

184

6-5

36

6p

i:30A

3 I'

1.06

6i

i6

7-5

.091

70.5

W.

284

4.0

28

I A

'7

I r 0

.08 r

91.0

W.

43

0.0

—

—

6 a

I p

.07

i

.8

7-5

.076

87.0

N.W.

1 1

0.0

—

—

io:30P

12 p

•05

I

'9

«-5

.085

80.5

W.N.W.

89

1.0

14

3 I'

0 A

5:3CA

.12

2

20

-'•5

.054

81.0

W.S.W.

198

8.0

40

12 M

21

2-5

.075

64 0

W.N.W.

170

2.5

22

12 M

22

4-5

.066

85.0

N.N.W.

47

0-5

10

10 P

10 A

6 P

.18

3i

23

0-5

.068

72.0

W.S.W.

208

60

35

3 i^

24

45

.070

79-5

S.S.W.

128

2.0

20

3 H

4:30P

9P

T

T

^'5

125

.088

930

w.

29

0.0

—

—

3A

II A

•03

i

26

80

•093

70 0

N.W.

246

5.0

32

6a

27

-3-5

054

705

N.

229

4.0

28

5 A

28

-2.0

.052

80.0

N.N.W.

215

3-5

26

6 a

2:30?

12 P

O.IO

I

29

6.0

.085

71-5

N.W.

144

30

24

7 P

0 A

5A

•05

1

30

45

.064

865

N.W.

72

0.0

—

—

3'

5-5

•073

80.0

s.w.

26

0.0

~

'Kain or melted snow at base of tower.

included in following day.

REMARKS

The predominating feature of the weather for the month was the
extreme cold which prevailed with practically no cessation during the
entire period. The month opened with the first three days averaging
below zero for each day, and taken with the last three days of Decem-
ber when the same conditions prevailed, gave a period of six consecu-
tive days when the mean hourly temperature was below zero — an un-
precedented record for this locality. Just as the preceding month
was the coldest December on our repords, so the month just closed
proved to be the coldest January of which we have any record at this
station. In fact it was the coldest month of which there is any
authentic record for Amherst, dating back to 1836.

There was but one day during the month when the mean tempera-
ture was above freezing, and since the last of November there have
been but three days with a mean hourly temperature above 32 degrees.
While the minimum temperature for January was not quite so low as
the December minimum, the mean temperature for January was about
three and one-half degrees lower than the December mean. The
usual January thaw did not put in an appearance. The month closed
with zero weather on the last day.

The mean barometer was extremely low in contrast with the un-
usually high record for December. The range of pressure was much
greater than usual, due to the very hnv record made near the middle
of the month. The total wind movement was considerably more than
the normal and nearly the whole time was from the Northwest quad-
rant.

The total precipitation was about one-half inch more than normal
and the snowfall of more than eighteen inches was much greater than
usual.

The mean dew point was extremely low, due to the low temperature
which prevailed. The mean relative humidity was about the only nor-
mal feature for the month.

The hours of bright sunshine recorded were considerably more than
usual.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
A. L. CHANDLER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 350.

FEBRUARY, 19 18

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGIIICULTUIUL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" \V.

Height of barometer above ground, ^i ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.37, 21st, 12 p
Minimum reduced to freezing, 28.58, 26th, 6 a
Reduced maximum reading . . 30.70, 21st, 12 p
Reducedt minimum reading, . 2S.SS, 26th, 6 a

Mean semi-daily reduced 30-o63

Montlily range 1.82

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 51.0, 25th, 3 p

Lowest -22.5, 2nd, 6 A

Mean hourly 20.5

Mean of means of max. and niin 19.6

Mean sensible (wet bulb) iS.o

Monthly range 73.3

Highest mean daily 42.3, 25th

Lowest mean daily . -9.1, 5th

Mean maximum 31.4

Mean minimum 7,7

Mean daily range 23.7

Greatest daily range 43.5, 2d

Least daily range 4.5,28th

Humidify.

Mean dew pfiint 12.S

Mean force of vapor 126

Mean relative humidity 76.0

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 2 99

Total snow, in inches 11

Number of days on which .01 incli or more

rain fell 11

Days of sleighing, ... 28

'Temperature in ground shelter.
*• Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 5632 m

Greatest daily movement 483m, 26th

Least daily movement 25m, 3d

Mean daily movement 201 m

Mean hourly velocity 8.4 ni

Maximum pressure per square foot, 20.0 lbs =

63m per hour, 26th, 3 p, W.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 45m per

hour, 26th, , I p, W.N.W.
Prevailing direction. West.

Summary.

South Southwest 25 per cent

West Northwest 14 "

North Northwest 14 "

Northwest u "

West II "

Southwest II "

Other directions 14 "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 45 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 142 hours = 48 per cent

Number of clear days 9

Number of fair days 9

Number of cloudy days 10

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 154 Ins, = 52 per cent

Rain, 15th, 19th, 25th, 26th, 28th.

Snow, 3d, 6th, 9th, loth, 17th, 22d, 2Sth.

Hail, 9th, 28th.

Gales, S7m, 4th, W.NW.; 46m jth, W.N.W.:

42m, 14th, S.S.W.: r39m, 15th, N.W.;

39m, 19th, S.W.: 57m, 20th, N.W.;

44m, 2ist, S.S.W.: 53m, 25th, S.W.:

63m. 26th. W.N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

a)

Sea Level.

Tem

perature

. Ground Shelte

r.

o:e

><
rt

S
£

nl

E

3

S
3
E
><

«3

E

S

3
£

a;

E

-0

^ d c

i) 3

get;

b C
3 3

Q

S

s

S:^

S

H

i

'^

OJ 0 ^

ScJ^^

^«

I

30.38

30.22

30.312

19.0

2 P

-8.0

12 P

5.5

9.3

5.5

8.5

2

30-34

30.16

30.281

21.0

3P

-22.5

6a

-0.7

-0.3

-2.0

8.5

3

30.22

29.63

29897

135

12 P

-1 1.0

6a

1.3

3-'

3-7

0.3

4

2990

29.61

29.776

230

3--30 A

-7.5

12 p

7.7

8.1

4-7

8.8

5

30.40

29.90

30.258

-I.O

3:30 P

-14.5

7:30 A

-7-7

-9.1

-12.0

8.4

6

30.39

29.97

30.120

26.0

12 p

-10 0

0 A

8.0

106

12.2

0.5

7

30.19

29 96

30.053

40.0

3:30 p

26.0

0 A

330

30.9

28.0

4.6

8

30.51

30.19

30.436

28.0

4:30 p

2.5

12 P

^iIT

17.5

12.7

8.8

9

30.51

29.81

30.053

36.5

8:30 p

-3-5

4 A

16.5

16.3

J7.5

0.0

10

29.97

2983

29.903

30.0

1:30 p

16.0

7:30 A

23.0

22.1

195

4.9

II

30.11

2983

29.961

35-0

3:30 H

70

7:30 A

21.0

245

21.7

8.8

12

29.83

29.44

29.615

43.0

4:30 P

26.0

7 A

34.5

34.5

31.7

3-5

•3

30.18

2943

29.928

49.0

2 A

23.5

12 P

36.3

37 5

31.0

6.1

'4

30.37

29S6

30217

395

3P

16 0

7 A

_2Z^

29-3

252

0.9

•5

30.17

29.52

29.725

485

0:30 P

20.5

12 P

345

365

37.7

00

i6

30.36

30.14

30306

24-5

4P

16.0

8 A

20.3

19.5

16.0

7-3

•7

30.50

30.05

30.238

25.0

3:30 p

8.5

12 P

16.7

17.2

«3 7

9-7

t8

30.65

30.50

30.590

30.0

5 P

00

7:30 A

15.0

16.1

II. 7

9-7

'9

3053

2974

30.080

40.0

12 P

19,0

2 A

295

31.5

33-3

0.0

20

30.33

2953

29.870

47.0

9A

lO.O

12 P

28.5

322

28.7

7.2

21

30.70

30.33

30.610

lO.O

0 A

2.0

12 P

6.0

4.8

1-3

8.1

22

30.70

30.12

30398

12.0

5 P

-7.0

7A

2.5

5.3

2-3

45

23

30.14

29.81

29.940

29.0

4:30 p

-10 0

7A

95

14.0

II 7

7-7

24

29.81

2955

29657

43.0

5:30 p

14.0

6a

28.5

28.4

25.5

1.3

25

2986

29.51

29737

51.0

3 P

32.0

I -.30 A

41.5

42.3

370

8.4

26

^983

2888

29 406

450

5:3c A

22 0

12 P

33-5

■ 31-4

29-3

8:1

27

30.19

2983

30.138

38.0

5 P

195

7:30 A

287

28.5

250

97

28

30.29

30.19

30.271

35.0

12 M

30.5

7A

32.7

32.6

31.7

0.0

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

P

recipi tation.

iti

Total in

^

Indies.

D

Q

a
>

ll'

c .

323

0>

p.

c

bi

♦

>-

0) Q

V o

rt5 £

0) D 3

> HI

rt £ ^

en ;-.
OJ 3
— O

0)

H

So

"5

i

o

a

^S.

Sfc

S2iX

iQ

H^.h

iia^a:

%x

H

OQ

W

ai

(«

I

-1-5

.064

68.0

N.W.

137

4-5

30

9A

2

-9.0

.050

65.5

W.N.W.

53

6.5

10

3 A

3

0.0

.059

80.5

W.

25

0.0

—

—

7:30A

7:30 P

.12

a

4

-3-0

.062

665

W.N.W.

316

16.0

57

4A

5

-17 0

.027

725

N.N.W.

312

10.5

46

10 A

6

S-o

.092

72.0

s.s.w.

193

5-5

33

8a

1 1 130 A

9P

■15

3

7

24.0

.164

82.0

N.W.

84

1-5

17

7A

8

50

.088

66.0

N.N.E.

167

5-0

32

8 a

9

14.0

•135

S2.5

W.N.W.

108

2.0

20

II p

3A

5 P

•44

2

CO

16.0

.112

84-5

S.W.

95

0-5

10

2 P

2:30P

4:30?

.02

h

1 1

185

■131

85.0

S.S.W.

163

4-5

30

2 P

(2

280

.199

83.0

S.S.W.

146

2.5

22

7P

•3

26.5

.190

78.5

N.W.

238

4-5

30

4A

•4

20.5

.161

80.0

S.S.W.

91

9.0

42

8p

15

315

.210

87.0

w.s.w.

232

7-5

39

7 P

2 A

4:3oA

.08

16

8.0

.104

63-5

N.

196

3-5

26

6a

'7

9.0

.089

745

N.W.

«93

4-5

30

II A

3A

4:30A

.07

\

18

7-0

.090

74-5

S.W.

96

1-5

17

3P

'9

320

.199

92.5

S.S.W.

380

7-5

39

12 M

1 1 .30 A

II p

.65

20

255

.198

79 5

W.

431

16.0

57

8 p

21

-7 5

.051

61.0

N.W.

415

9-5

44

2 p

22

-4.0

.057

72.5

W.

124

30

24

10 A

I P

II p

•30

3

23

6.0

•095

71-5

S.S.W.

109

3-5

26

6a

24

23.0

..65

845

S.S.W.

66

I.O

14

6p

25

31-5

.258

67.0

w.

131

14 0

53

II p

io:30p

12 p

•15

26

23.0

.192

70.0

W.N.W.

483

20.0

63

3 P

0 A

8a

.61

27

19.0

153

71-5

w.s w.

360

4.0

28

I p

28

30.0

.184

92 5

s.

89

0.0

II A

12 p

.40

h

**Kain or melted snow at base of tower.

♦Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during February was more nearly normal, especially
the temperature record, than that of the preceeding two months.
Abnormally low temperature, however, continued through the first
third of the month. The mean for that period was less than ten
degrees above zero, making it one of the coldest periods of the entire
winter. For thirty-six consecutive hours, on the 4th — 6th, the ther-
mometer did not register above zero — a most unusual occurrence
here. Large and rapid changes in barometric pressure and high
winds were also important features.

A comparison of the records of the several weather elements with
the normals for this station shows the following features of interest :
The mean barometer was slightly higher than the normal and the
range of pressure was almost as great as the normal annua/ range.
The minimum barometer was exceptionally low. The total wind
movement was large and on four dates gales of more than 50 miles
per hour were recorded on the pressure chart. Throughout the
month practically all of the wind was from the western points of the
compass.

The mean temperature was nearly four degrees below the normal
and the minimum record was more than fourteen degrees lower than
the average value for this feature. The maximum temperature was
practically normal giving a very large range for the month.

The mean dew point was about four degrees lower than usual and
the relative humidity was slightly below the normal.

The total precipitation was about ten per cent, less than the nor-
mal and was well distributed throughout the month. Snow has cov-
ered the ground continuously since the first of December.

The amount of sunshine recorded was practically normal.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
A. L. CHANDLER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 35

MARCH. 19 18

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGHICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above groiuid, 51 ft. Above sea level, 273-5 fi-
Height oj Wind Instrn/ne/its 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressuie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.14, nth, loA
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.14, 15th, 3 A
Reduced maximum reading . . 30.46, nth, ioa
Reducedt minimum reading, . 29.45, 15th, 3 A

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.9S9

Monthly range i.oi

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 69 o, 31st, 4 p

Lowest '. . S.5, nth, 7 a

Mean hourly 34-9

Mean of means of max. and min 35.4

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 30 3

Monthly range 60.5

Highest mean daily i 1.3, 31st

Lowest mean daily 18.6, nth

Mean maximum 47-0

Mean minimum 23.9

Mean daily range 23

Greatest daily range ,• • • 36-5i3>st

Least daily range 6.5, ist

Humidity.

Mean dew point 24.6

Mean force of vapor 203

Mean relative humidity 71.9

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 2.91

Total snow, in inches 9.5

Number of days on which .qi inch or mcjre

rain fell S

Days of sleighing, ... 10

•Temi)erature in ground shelter.
••Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 5791 ni

Greatest daily movement | 606m, 3d

Least daily movement ....... 37m, 21st

Mean daily movement 184m

Mean hourly velocity 7.6 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 18.0 lbs =

60m per hour, 3d, 2 A,^N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 3Sm per

hour, 2d, 2 A, N.W.
Prevailing direction. West Northwest.

Summary.

South Southwest 13 per cent

North Northwest 19 "

Northwest 23 "

West 10 "

Southwest 10 "

Other directions 25 "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 36 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . wj hours = 32 per cent

Number of clear days 13

Number of fair'days 14

Number of cloudy days 4

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 252 hrs, = 68 per cent
Kaiu, ist, 6th, loth, 14th.
Snow, 4th, 5th, 7th, 9th, loth, 14th.
Hail, 1st, 9th, loth.
Thunder and Lightning, 14th.
Gales, 60m, 3d. NW.; 45"i, 'ot''. N.: 36m,
i2th,S.S.W.: 47m, 15th, N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

OJ

Sea Level.

Temperature

. Ground Shelter

£

i

s

e

'3

E
3
S
><

c4

V

E

S

E

4)

£

rt >i c

2 ct;

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6 ^

Q

s

S

"5! U

s

H

S

iZ

V 0 u

^^^

=^£

I

30.24

3009

30.156

35-5

3:30 P

29.0

12 P

32.3

32.1

32.0

0.8

2

30-23

29.67

30.015

43-5

12 P

21.5

6a

32.5

33.3

30.7

9-5

3

30-34

29.65

30.030

43-5

0 A

185

12 p

310

305

25.0

10. 0

4

30.39

29.97

30.219

36.0

4P

12 0

7A

24.0

24.5

21.7

6.0

5

2997

2982

29.799

47 5

3P

28.5

0 A

38.0

365

34.0

7-5

6

29.82

29.54

29.659

47.0

3:30 P

29-5

12 P

38.3

382

33-7

5-2

7

30.07

2973

29.S84

29.5

0 A

16.5

12 P

230

267

23.3

20.5

8.0

8

30 J 3

30.01

30.071

430

4P

10.5

5:30 A

27.1

25 5

8.7

9

3024

2990

30.160

39.0

2 P

28.0

4A

33.5

326

28.3

7-7

lO

30-18

29.51

29.794

32.0

3A

10.5

7:30 P

21.3

22.3

15-7

0.9

II

30.46

30.18

3O.3S8

28.0

5P

8.5

7A

1S.3

18.6

15-7

7.0

12

30.31

2976

29891

41.0

10 p

18.0

6a

29.5

31.6

330

2-4

'3

30.10

2975

30.021

50.5

3:30 P

36.0

10 p

43-3

41.1

32-7

8.5

'4

30.05

29.49

29794

390

0 A

30.0

9A

345

33.0

300

0.0

«5

30.30

2945

29958

3S5

3:30 P

II.O

12 P

-nr?

25.9

20.7

9-3

i6

3032

30.08

30.184

38.0

5 P

10 0

5A

24.0

25.0

24.0

lO.O

I?

30 oS

29.68

29.820

56.5

3P

24.5

5A

40.5

41.6

36.0

10.5

i8

30.04

29.75

30 006

48.0

4P

33-5

7 A

40.7

38.9

31.0

r [.2

19

30.18

29.92

30.054

58.0

3P

26 5

7 A

42.3

40.2

33-3

10.5

20

30.21

30.06

30.124

54.0

5P

27.5

7A

40.7

39 4

35-7

8.7

21

30.06
29.89

2989

29 66

29970
29.782

63.0
66.0

4:30 P
5.P

33.0
370

8:30 A
5:30 A

48.0

43-5

47-7

41-3
39-0

7.8

22

51-5

9.1

23

30.20

2986

30.105

450

3:30 P

28.0

12 P

36-5

36.7

31.0

II. 7

24

30.19

29.91

30056

565

5:30 p

22.0

5:30 A

39-3

37-6

32-5

II-3

25

29.91

29.54

29 676

55.5

2 p

30.5

0 A

43-0

40.9

34 5

lO.O

26

2981

29.52

29.674

40.0

2 p

29.0

12 P

34-5

35 -o

30.5

6-7

27

30 II

29.81

29.979

38.0

2:30 p

245

7 A

31-3

32.1

29.7

8.1

28

30.28

30.11

30.239

52.0

5 P

22.0

7 A

37-0.

36.6

31.0

12.0

29

30.37

30.18

30289

60.5

4:30 p

26.5

7 A

■43-5

41.8

34-0

12.0

30

30.18

29.87

29.990

63.5

3P

275

6 a

45-5

44.1

370

10.5

31

29.89

29.77

29.860

69.0

4P

32.5

6:30 A

50.7

51 3

40.7

10.9

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

^

Total in

Q

^*

0

ex

>

Il '

c .

s £

S => 0-

be

c

"S

bi

Indies.

1.

<u u 3

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£5

HS.S

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•- 0

£

DQ

'5
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W

0

c

I

30-5

.185

92.5

N.N.W.

55

1-5

17

II P

0 A

i:30P

.96

2

26.5

.188

79-5

W.

197

3-0

24

9 A

3

17 5

.152

63-5

N.W.

606

18.0

60

2 A

4

17.0

.130

79.0

s.s.w.

239

5-5

33

6p

8p

12 p

.06

li

5

31.0

.213

83.0

s.s.w.

102

0.5

10

I A

0 a

3A

.08

%

6

29.0

.215

76.5

W.N.W.

194

25

22

7 A

3 A

9A

.19

7

15.0

.121

73-0

N.N.E.

175

I.O

14

II P

2 A

r.30 p

.2 1

3

8

21.5

.152

81.0

SW.

136

I.O

14

II P

9

21.5

•173

70-5

w.

162

2.5

22

I A

6p

12 P

.40

i4

lO

16.0

.115

H-S

N.

224

lO.O

45

9P

0 A

7 P

•65

il

II

9-5

.100

69.0

s.w.

208

2.0

20

3 V

12

305

.194

87.5

s.s.w.

215

6.5

36

2 p

'3

24.0

.224

590

N.W.

215

4.0

28

6 a

H

27.0

.176

85.0

N.E.

89

0.5

10

4A

5 A

7:30 p

•36

li

15

12.0

.240

61.0

N.W.

408

Il.O

47

I P

16

180

.151

7'-5

W.N.W.

284

3-5

26

I P

17

26.0

.270

53-5

W.

221

4-5-

30

II P

18

22 0

.208

590

N.W.

262

5-5

33

0 A

'9

28.0

.216

71-5

S.S.W.

98

0.5

10

6p

20

31-5

•235

78.0

S.

104

0.5

10

3P

21

390

.287

89.5

S.

37

0.0

—

22

35 -o

.294

7S5

N.N.W.

100

30

24

I p

23

23s

.203

635

N.N.W.

303

5-5

33

I p

24

26.0

.215

65 0

N.N.W.

83

I.O

14

9A

25

27-5

.222

64.5

N.W.

:i6o

1-5

17

2 p

26

24.0

.192

,71.0

N"W.

,76

30

24

3P

27

25-5

.180

77-5

n'w.

r

2.0

20

2 p

28

24.0

.202

65.0

N.N.W.

S3

48o

1-5

17

3 P

29

24.0

.244

56 0

N.N.W.

0.0

—

30

29.5

.270

61.0

S.W.

88

I.O

14

3P

31

330

•337

60.0

s.w.

10

1-5

17

2 P

**Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

♦Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during March was much nearer normal than during
the preceding two months. This was especially noticeable in the
temperature record after the unprecedented cold which had pre-
vailed. The accumulated snow of the winter which covered the
ground at the beginning of the month gradually disappeared with-
out any especially noticeable high water in the rivers, and the equi-
noctial period was free from storms. At the close of the month,
while there was still much frost in the ground, the snow had practi-
cally all disappeared. No precipitation was recorded after ihe 14th.

The record of the several weather elements shows the following as
the more important features : The mean barometer was practically
normal and the range unusually small for the time of year.
Although the barometer during the month was comparatively steady
the total wind movement was practically normal. The wind move-
ment on the 3d of more than 600 miles was an exceptionally high
record for this station.

The mean temperature was slightly higher than the normal, and
the maximum was recorded on the last day of the month. The
range of temperature was more than usual.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were bolh below the
normal values.

The total precipitation was about three-fourths of the normal
amount and occurred in a few storms early in the month.

The sunshine record was unusually large and there weie but few
cloudy days. •

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
A. L. CHANDLER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 352.

APRIL, 19 18

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" VV.

ffel^/ii of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, ^73-5 f^-
Height oj Wind Instrninents 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressuie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.24, 7th, 9A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.29, 22d, 5 a
Reduced ma.ximum reading . . 30.55, 7th, 9A
Reducedt minimum reading, . 29.59, 22d, 5 A

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.071

Monthly range 0.96

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 79 5, 30th, 3 p

Lowest 24.0, 6th, 6:30 .\

Mean hourly 45.7

Mean of means of max. and min 46.2

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 40.1

Monthly range 55.5

Highest mean daily 62.4, 30th

Lowest mean daily 31.7,11th

Mean maximum 58.5

Mean minimum 33.9

Mean daily range 24.6

Greatest daily range 44.5, 15th

Least daily range 7.0,12th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 33.6

Mean force of vapor 304

Mean relative humidity 69.2

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 2.78

Total snow, in inches 42

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 13

•Temperature in ground shelter.
••Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 4544 m

Greatest daily movement 341m, 24th

Least daily movement 46m, 17th

Mean daily movement 151 m

Mean hourly velocity 6.3 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 7.5 lbs =

39m per hour, 24th, 12 m, W.N.VV.
Ma.ximum velocity for 5 minutes, 29m per

hour, 24th, 12 M, W.N.W.
Prevailing direction. Northwest.

Summary.

North 23 per cent

South Southwest 10 "

North Northeast 10 " "

West Northwest 10 " "

West 10 " "

North Northwest 10 " "

Other directions 27 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... ^2 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 167 hours = 42 per cent

Number of clear days 10

Number of fair days 13

Number of cloudy days 7

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 235 hrs, = 58 per cent
Rain. 3d, 8th, 9th, nth, 12th, 13th, 17th, iSth,

19th, 2ist, 22d, 23d, 29th, 30th.
Snow, nth, 12th, 13th.
Hail, iSth.

Thunder and Lightning, I7tii, 23d.
Frosts. 5th, 6th, 7th, 14th, 15th, 20th, 25th,

26th.
Gales. 35 miles or more per hour : 39m.

24tli, W.N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature

Ground Shelter

01

a

3
s

rt

S

3

e

c

S3£

£

3

><

c4

£

£
3

C

6

S

nl 3 rt

(u'5

2 C

3 3

6 *«

Q

S

i

SJ^

s

h

S

H

sss

sia

^ffl

I

29.82

29.69

29-783

735

2 P

37-5

6a

55-5

54 3

46.3

10.5

2

29.84

29.70

29.777

72.0

2:30 P

47.0

7A

59-5

56.6

48.0

8.2

3

29-93

29.80

29.S83

52-5

I P

35-5

II p

44.0

44.0

38.5

3-2

4

30.05

29.85

29 980

50.0

3--30 P

3..0

7 A

40.5

38.0

30.3

lO.I

5

30.30

3005

30-233

48.0

5 P

26.0

6a

370

37-1

30.7

12. 1

6

30.43

30.26

30.367

63 0

5P

24.0

6:30 A

43-5

44 4

370

12. 1

7

30.55

3043

30.523

6. .5

2:30 p

29.0

5:30 A

453

44.1

370

10.8

8

30.53

3023

30.396

585

3:30 P

3'-5

5A

45-0

45-7

40.3

6.1

9

30.35

3017

30.298

49.0

12 M

30.0

12 P

39-5

40.8

37-3

1-7

lO

30.45

30.(6

30.434

49-5

3:30 P

29.5

6 A

39-5

38.1

33-3

7-6

II

3044

30 19

30-325

43-5

2 P

33-0

6a

38-3

368

30.7

6-5

12

30.19

29.98

30-038

36.0

0 A

29.0

9 p

32-5

31-7

30-3

0.8

13

30.02

29.91

29964

390

3P

295

I A

34-3

352

34-5

4-9

'4

30.06

29.95

29.992

63 0

3P

35-0

OA

49-0

48.3

42.0

10.7

15

30.09

29.98

30042

73-5

4P

29.0

6 A

51 3

52.9

42-5

n.8

(6

30.06

2986

29.964

71.0

3 P

3S-0

6 a

S3-0

54.2

453

9.6

•7

29.86

29.61

29732

73-0

3P

36.5

5:30 A

54-7

54 4

485

8.2

18

30.04

29 60

29 914

54.0

DA

32.0

12 P

43-0

38 4

33-3

0.0

'9

30.47

30.03

30328

50.0

4 P

32.0

0 A

41.0

38.9

320

II. 0

20

30.50

3024

30387

52.0

2:30 P

26.S

6a

39-3

41.7

33 5

7-8

21

30.24

29.65

29895

45.0

0 A

37-0

10:30 A

41.0

39-8

38-3

0 0

22

2977

2959

29 665

590

3:30 P

39-0

0 A

49.0

47-4

43 7

7-3

23

29.84

29.70

29.801

70.5

3P

42.0

5A

563

54 I

52-5

9.0

24

30- > 3

29.74

29.980

47-5

s p

37-0

12 P

42.3

41.9

35-3

10.7

25

30.24

30.10

30.156

58.5

5 P

32.0

6a

45-3

44 5

38.0

12.3

26

30.27

30-I4

30.220

69.0

5:30 P

28.5

6a

48.7

49-3

44-7

12.5

27

30.27

30.16

30225

69.0

2 p

31-0

6:30 A

50.0

51. 1

42.0

97

28

30 21

3004

30.106

69.0

2 p

34-5

5--30 A

5'-7

54.0

48 0

11.9

29

30.10

29.87

29-953

55-5

8:30 A

45.0

3:30 A

50.3

5'-i

5'-5

0.0

30

2991

29.77

29.824

79-5

3P

51.0

5:30 A

65-3

62.4

565

7-7

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipita

tion.

{m

To

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Q

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42.0

•367

75-5

s.s.w.

171

3-5

26

5 P

2

42.0

413

71.6

w.

154

25

22

3P

3

330

272

74.0

N.

91

I.O

14

12 P

0:30 P

8 p

•15

4

19.0

209

5V0

N.

197

3-5

26

7 P

5

170

213

46.5

N.N.W.

256

40

28

10 A

6

27.0

276

54-5

N.W.

70

0-5

10

12 M

7

30-5

261

70.0

S.S.W.

151

3-5

26

12 M

8

34-5

295

695

s.

71

05

10

8 P

3:30 P

5:30 P

T

9

35-5

241

88.5

N.

164

3-0

24

7 P

I A

8 P

•15

lO

28.5

328

77.0

N.N.E.

319

3-5

26

3 P

1 1

24.0

198

655

N.E.

247

40

28

8 a

10:30 P

12 P

.02

i

12

28.0

172

92,5

N.

217

2.0

20

I p

0 A

12 P

.48

3i

'3

31-5

2t7

82.0

N.

158

1-5

17

2 p

0 A

8:30 A

.1 1

i

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33-5

341

58.5

N.

189

3-0

24

H A

'5

330

371

540

N.N.W.

73

1-5

17

4P

i6

37-0

389

57-0

W.N.W.

53

1.0

14

4P

'7

44-5

396

770

W.

46

1.0

14

12 M

7 P

12 P

.22

i8

305

203

835

E.

83

0.5

10

II A

8a

12 P

.06

'9

20.0

226

53-5

N.N.E.

165

25

22

9A

0 A

5:30 A

•03

20

22.0

252

49.0

w.s.w.

77

0.5

10

I P

21

36.5

239

91.5

N.

130

0-5

10

4P

3:30 A

9:30 P

.87

22

41.0

313

830

W.N'W.

176

45

30

10 A

6:30 A

io:30A

.24

23

47.0

314

80.5

S.W.

187

2.5

22

3P

8p

9:30 p

.25

24

285

243

65 0

W.N.W.

341

7-5

39

12 M

25

28.5

292

54 5

N.W.

239

30

24

10 A

26

35-0

393

56.0

N.N.W.

139

30

24

10 A

27

330

350

56.0

S.

78

0.5

10

2 P

28

42.0

406

65.5

w.

129

1.0

14

2 P

29

505

412

950

N.N.E.

49

0.0

—

9:30 A

12 P

•15

30

54-0

533

79,0

S.s.w.

124

2.0

20

6 P

0 A

3A

.05

•*Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

*Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during April was nearly normal in most respects and
presented but few features of especial interest. A snowstorm on the
iith-i3th, of more than four inches was perhaps the most unusual
feature. The middle third of the month was rather cold and more or
less stormy and delayed the season's progress to a considerable ex-
tent. At the close of the month the seasonal advance was hardly up
to the normal.

The various weather elements show the following features of more
or less interest : The mean barometer was considerably higher than
the normal and the range of pressure rather small for the season.
The maximum barometer was about the usual value while the mini-
mum was considerably higher than the normal for this feature. The
rather steady barometric pressure gave a total wind movement of
about eighty per cent of the normal, and but a single gale was re-
corded on the pressure chart. The wind was from the northerly
points of the compass more than one-half the time.

The mean temperature was nearly normal and the range slightly
smaller than usual. The last day of the month was much the warm-
est and the maximum temperature reading was recorded that day.
Freezing temperature was recorded near the end of the month but no
material damage resulted.

The mean dew point was slightly lower than normal and the rela-
tive humidity a little higher than usual.

The total precipitation was about nine-tenths of the normal and
was fairly well distributed throughout the month. The rainstorm of
the 2 1 St was the greatest of the month. The amount of sunshine
was in excess of the average.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
A. L. CHANDLER, Observer.

Note — The regular observations at this station are continued at 8
A, M. andS p. M. 75tli ineridiafi time.

BULLETIN No. 353.

MAY, 19 18

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, ^i ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instriunents 72 ft.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.20, i6th, 6 a
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.22, loth, 6 p
Reduced maximum reading . . 30.50, i6th, 6 a
Reduced! minimum reading, . 29.51, lotli, 6 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.061

Monthly range 0.99

*Air Temperatnre. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 86.5, 7th, 2 p;

2Sth, 4:30 P

Lowest 36.0, 2d, 5 A

Mean hourly 62.1

Mean of means of max. and min 62.2

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 55.7

Monthly range 505

Highest mean daily 7.^.0, 28th

Lowest mean daily 31.2, ist

Mean maximum 74.8

Mean minimum 49.7

Mean daily range 25.1

Greatest daily range 38.0, iSth

Least daily range 7.5,30th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 53.1

Mean force of vapor 545

Mean relative humidity 72.2

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 2.47

Total snow, in inches

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 12

'Temperature in ground shelter.
**Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 4906 m

Greatest daily movement 345m, loth

Least daily movement 57m 22d

Mean daily movement i5Sm

Mean hourly velocity 6.6 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 6.5 lbs =

36m per hour, 6th, 3 p, S.S.W.; loth, 4P, S.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m per

hour, loth, 4 p, S.
Prevailing direction. South Southwest.

Summary.

South 23 per cent

South Southwest 29 " •'

Other directions 48 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 51 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 195 hours = 43 per cent

Number of clear days 7

Number of fair days 16

Number of cloudy days 8

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 258 hrs, = 57 per cent
Rain, ist, 6th, loth, 12th, 13th, 14th, 21st,

22d, 25th, 27th, 29th, 30th, 31st.

Thunder and Lightning. 6th, loth, 27th.
Frosts, None.

Gales, 35 miles or more per hour : 36m.
6th, S.S.W.; 35m, Sth, S.W.; 36m, loth, S.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

Oi

Sea Level.

Tern

perature

Ground Shelter

02

>>
rt

S
3
E

E

3
E

><
SE

S
3
E
><

c4

E

S
3
E
'c

V

a

s i '^

JO
0 3

get;

»■ a

3 3

0[/)

6.S?

Q

s

is

s.^

s

H

S

H

u 0 i_

^ffl

t

30.04

29.68

29.857

59-5

12 M

44.0

12 P

5'-7

51.2

46.7

2.1

2

30.21

30.03

30 122

66.5

4P

36.0

SA

51-3

54-1

48.7

96

3

3003

29.87

29935

67.0

4:30 P

485

6a

57-7

58-9

52.0

II 0

4

3003

29.85

29 920

71.0

2:30 P

46.0

6a

58-5

58..

50.5

11.4

5

30.09

2993

30041

70.0

2:30 P

37-0

5:30 A

53-5

54-0

470

1 1.7

6

30.00

29.86

29-935

86.0

I P

49-0

2 A

67.5

66.0

59-7

9.0

7

29-93

29.66

29.759

86.5

2 P

59-0

6a

72.7

71-5

62.5

8.5

8

29.88

2966

29754

72.0

2 P

45.0

12 p

58.5

61.5

52.0

9.2

9"

2997

2988

29933

730

5:30 P

38.5

5:30 a

55-7

57-2

515

12.3

lO

29.90

29.51

29658

78.0

2:30 P

51.0

4A

645

63.8

57-5

10.2

11

30.10

29.66

30.015

74 5

5:30 P

46.0

6A

60.3

584

49-5

12.2

t2

30-13

29.96

30.046

74-5

2:30 P

50.5

5A

62.5

60.7

56.0

4-3

'3

30.01

29.88

29976

805

2:30 P

61.0

0 A

70.7

67.6

62.7

7-5

14

30 26

29.99

30.142

71.0

5P

50.5

12 P

60.7

60.7

563

4-5

'5

30.43

30.26

30.372

75.0

5 P

44 5

5A

59-7

60.0

51.0

13-3

i6

30.50

3035

30.417

74.0

3:30 p

41.0

5 A

57-5

58.7

48.3

12.5

17

30.38

30.22

30.333

85.0

3 P

43.0

6a

64.0

64.0

52-5

11.5

i8

30.27

30.10

30.195

86.0

3P

48.0

5:30 A

67.0

66.7

56.0

II. 2

•9

30.12

3001

30.102

83.0

2 p

53-0

5:30 A

68.0

67.1

61.0

9-0

20

30.14

30.06

30.138

84.0

3 P

58.0

4:30 A

71.0

69.7

625

9-5

21

30.29

3015

30.267

73-5

3:30?

6r.5

5:30 A

67.5

66.7

64.0

3-3

22

30.29

3008

30.208

68 s

5:30 P

58.0

12 P

63-3

62.5

590

1-3

23

30.21

2995

30063

79 5

2:30 P

52.5

12 P

660

656

59.0

9-7

24

3035

30.21

30.292

73-5

3 P

44-5

5:30 A

59.0

58.9

49-7

12.5

25

30.23

29.85

29987

735

4 P

49.0

3A

61.5

6t.3

58.7

8.5

26

30.17

29.92

30.108

73-0

2:30 P

56.0

12 P

64.5

64.2

57-5

9.0

27

30.14

29.91

29.968

8r.o

6p

51.0

5:30 A

66.0

64.7

62.0

8.0

28

30.14

29.92

29983

86.5

4:30 p

63-5

4A

75.0

74.0

68.0

9-5

29

30.29

30- '4

30.248

62.5

3:30 p

52.0

12 P

57-3

58-7

54-7

0.5

30

30.23

30.12

30-194

57.0

6:30 p

49-5

4A

53-3

53-6

5'-3

0.2

31

30.12

29.82

29.908

73-0

4:30 p

53-5

5A

63-3

6£.I

58.3

5-5

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

u!

Total in

Q

0

n.
>

a

u

0.

c
'E

be

Inches.

1.

Q

rt rt c

lU D 3

> 01

£5

rt 0) t.

._ 0

c

0)

•3

c
W

q
2i

0

a
in

I

45-0

■341

88.0

N.

205

2.5

22

2 P

0 a

8 p

90

2

41.5

•444

60.5

W.N.W.

196

3-5

26

5 P

3

450

■497

61.5

N.W.

155

2.0

20

3P

4

43-5

.47S

59-5

N.

84

I.O

14

3P

5

42.0

•3^9

68.0

ss.w.

176

4-5

30

4P

6

56.5

.625

745

s.w.

"5

6.5

36

3P

10:30 p

II ]'

•03

7

59.0

•751

67.5

s.s.w.

154

3^5

26

6 p

8

46.5

•507

66.5

s.

310

6.0

35

II A

9

45.0

•494

60.0

w.

157

2.0

20

I p

10

535

•565

74.0

s.

34 5

6^5

36

4P

7 P

7:30 P

.06

II

43-0

•432

6. .5

s.s.w.

163

45

30

I A

12

54-0

•505

82.5

s.

•174

25

22

3 P

1 p

T

'3

6r 0

.638

85.0

s.s w.

312

5.0

32

4P

8:30 p

12 P

.40

'4

54.0

.510

84-5

N.W.

102

1.0

14

I A

0 a

7:30 A

•30

'5

42.5

.512

5V5

N.N.W.

98

1.0

14

II A

i6

39-5

.456

55^o

s.

144

1.0

14

12 M

'7

44 5

.570

53^5

s.s.w.

73

0 0

—

—

i8

49-5

.588

6r.5

s.s.w.

130

15

17

6 p

'9

58.0

.622

78.5

s..s:w.

228

3-5

26

3 I'

20

59 5

•673

76.0

s.s.w.

272

4^5

30

3 P

21

63.5

•639

90.0

E.

94

0.0

—

—

5:30 A

10 A

•13

22

570

•554

840

E.

57

0.0

—

—

I A

5A

.08

23

55 5

■597

750

S.

139

30

24

2 p

24

405

.496

51 5

s.w.

166

30

24

5 P

25

55-0

•544

80.0

S

177

3^5

26

3 P

6:30 P

10 P

•43

26

52-5

.607

665

E.S.E.

137

1.0

14

3 P

27

61.0

.606

92.5

S.

149

2.0

20

6 a

2:30 A

3A

.06

28

65.0

.827

75.0

W.N.W.

135

35

26

2 p

29

52.5

.480

82.0

S.S.E.

77

0.0

—

—

4P

10 p

.04

30

490

.415

83.0

S.S.E.

73

o^5

ID

10 p

6a

7 A

•03

31

57.0

.524

87.5

S.S.W.

109

1.0

14

6a

7A

10 A

.01

••Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

'Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during May was generally seasonable and well ad-
apted to plant growth. A large amount of sunshine and some high
temperature, especially during the first part of the mouth, gave veg-
etation a good start on the season's growth. While the precipitation
record was rather small, the ground seemed to be fairly well supplied
with moisture for starting the crops. The entire absence of any frost
during the month was an especially favorable feature.

' The records of the several weather elements show the following
features of interest : The mean barometer was considerably higher
than the normal and the range was large for May. The maximum
barometer was higher than usual while the minimum was about the
normal value. The total wind movement was a little more than the
normal and was from the south more than one-half the time. Only a
few gales were recorded and they were of little intensity.

The mean temperature wns more than four degrees above the
normal and the minimum fell below 40 degrees on only three dates.
While frost was reported on a few dates in low places, there was none
noted at the station. The maximum temperature was practically
normal.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both higher
than their average values. The total precipitation was more than an
inch less than the normal amount. That which occurred, however,
was fairly well distributed throughout the month.

The amount of sunshine was large, but the last week was rather
cloudy.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

A. L. CHANDLER, Observer.

Note — The regular observations at this station are continued at 8
A, M. and 8 p. M. 75tf' meridian tifiie.

BULLETIN No. 354.

JUNE, 1918

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, ^r ft. Above sea level, 27 j.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Ifistruments J2 ft. Time used, y^thMer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressnie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 29.04, 20th, 8 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.02, i2tli, 3 p
Reduced maximum reading . . 30.24, 2otli, 8 A
Reducedt minimum reading, . 29.31, 12th, 3 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.920

Monthly range . 0.93

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 93.0, ist, 3:30 P.

Lowest 40.0, 20th, 5 A;

2ISt, 1^:30 A

Mean hourly 62.9

Mean of means of max. and min 63.0

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 57.3

Monthly range 53 0

Highest mean daily 79.S, 2d

Lowest mean daily 51.2, 23d

Mean maximum 75.0

Mean minimum 51.0

Mean daily range 24.0

Greatest daily range 41.0, i6th

Least daily range 6.0, 23d

Humidity.

Mean dew point 53.3

Mean force of vapor 5S1

Mean relative humidity 72.9

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 4.01

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 9

•Temperature in ground shelter.
••Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 3858 m

Greatest daily movement 332m, 7th

Least daily movement 24ml 25th

Mean daily movement 129 m

Mean hourly velocity 5-4 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 4.5 lbs =

30m per hour, 3d, 6 p, N.W.; 7th, 5:30 p, S.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m per

hour, 3d, 6 p, N.W.
Prevailing direction, West Southwest.

Summary.

South 23 per cent

Northwest 13 "

South Southwest 13 "

West 10 "

North Northwest 10 "

Other directions 31 "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 41; per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . .192 hours = 42 per cent

Number of clear days 9

Number of fair days 13

Number of cloudy days 8

Briiiht Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 265 hrs, = 58 per cent
Rain. 4th, 6th, 7th, gth, loth, 12th, 13th,

17th, 2ISt, 22d, 23d.

Thunder and Liahtninig. 6tli, 12th.
Gales, 35 miles or more per hour :sNone

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature

Ground Shelter

Q

E

s

S

3
_E
'c

is

.-a

c ^,

2[/)

S
3
6
><

V

S
H

S
3
c
c

a

lis

4) "3

2 Co!

^ c

3 3

I

29.89

29.72

29.789

93.0

3:30 P

60.0

5 A

77-5

767

693

10.3

2

2992

29.77

29875

89.0

3--30 P

68.0

11:30 p

78.5

79.8

69.7

12.1

3

3003

29.92

29972

81.0

4 P

62.0

5:30 A

7'-5

72.4

64.3

130

4

30- 1 7

30.03

30.171

78.5

2 P

52.0

5:30 A

65-3

63.5

56.7

9-7

5

30.20

30.13

30.195

77-5

3P

51.0

6 A

64-3

639

583

II.O

6

30.20

29.98

30.119

72.0

0:30?

58.0

5A

65.0

65-7

62.5

2.7

7

29.98

2967

29.768

70.5

2 P

570

12 P

63.7

658

57.0

7.0

8

30.06

2990

30031

735

4P

50.0

4 A

61.7

59.9

53-5

12.4

9

30.07

2997

30.022

770

I P

45-0

3 A

61.0

62.8

57.5

7.5

(0

30-03

29.94

29971

68.0

I P

54.0

12 P

61,0

60.6

57.7

2.9

II

30.03

2971

29.898

75 5

1:30 P

.54-0

0:30 A

63-7

62.5

57-5

10.5

12

29.71

29.31

29.425

73-0

2 P

55-5

I A

64.3

61.9

57-7

0.9

'3

29.67

29.46

29559

64 0

6 p

52.0

12 P

58.0

57.1

51-7

4-3

14

29.84

29.67

29719

72.0

3P

485

3:30 A

60.3

60.2

54.5

10.7

15

30-13

29.84

29957

74.0

4 P

44.0

5A

590

61.3

58.5

135

[6

30.20

3009

30.155

820

5 P

41.0

5:30 A

6r.5

63.7

59.0

13.5

17

30.10

2987

29.962

82.0

I p

53-5

SA

67.7

67.6

60.7

9.0

18

30.00

29.93

29.988

76.5

3P

50.0

12 P

63.3

64.1

53-3

13.5

19

30.18

29.97

30.074

74.5

3 P

42.0

5 A

58.3

580

49-3

10.7

20

30.24

30.14

30.199

70.0

4:30 p

40.0

5 A

55.0

55.8

47-3

13.0

21

30.21

29.82

30.050

690

3:30 P

40.0

5:30 A

54.5

55-2

50.3

ii-S

22

2982

2942

29.45'

64 0

6 p

52.0

0 A

58.0

57.2

5S.O

3 I

23

29.68

2943

29565

550

2 p

490

12 P

520

51.2

48.0

2.6

24

29.94

29.68

29825

74.0

3P

46.5

3A

60.3

60.6

58.5

9.8

25

29.97

29.92

29946

77.0

3P

47.0

5:30 A

62.0

61.3

575

7-5

26

30.08

29.96

29.994

77.0

2:30 p

49.0

6 A

63.0

63.6

57.3

12.5

27

3008

30.05

30.067

74.0

3:30 P

48.0

5 A

61.0

61.2

54-7

12.7

28

30.10

29.95

30.030

72.0

3--30 P

450

5A

58.5

59.2

55 7

3-0

29

2997

29.90

29943

74.5

3P

57.0

4A

65.7

63.6

60.3

6.0

30

30.03

2974

29.885

89.0

3--30 P

60 0

5A

74.5

7'-5

66.5

7-8

DAILY SUMMARY.

Hu

midity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

fe

Total in

Q

0
0.

>

•-:s

W) ■

■M.O

c .
D en

£ :3 □•

0.

c
'5

be

Inches.

J

Q

So,

i 0

S rt H

D 1) S

£5

rt 01 l-

— 0

c

'rt

0

c

I

67.5

874

77-5

s.s.w.

100

I.O

14

3 P

2

64.5 I

044

58.5

N.W.

179

2.0

20

2 p

3

59.0

.808

62. s

W.

193

4-5

30

6 p

4

53-0

•556

74.0

W.

"3

3-5

26

o:30A

7:30 P

9P

.02

5

54-5

•584

730

S.

37

0.0

—

—

6

60.0

606

77-5

S.

66

2-5

22

II P

I P

3P

.04

7

52.0

578

70.5

w.s.w.

332

4-5

30

5:30 p

6a

2 p

.69

8

49-5

493

71-5

N.

196

2.0

20

10 A

9

535

580

71-5

s.

42

0-5

ID

12 M

7:30 p

T

10

56 0

526

85. s

N.N.E.

59

0.0

—

—

4A

7:30 A

.06

II

54.5

555

76.5

N.W.

124

2-5

22

4 P

12

56 0

531

85.0

W.

248

2-5

t -y

II A

5 A

12 P

.69

'3

48.5

448

75.5

N.N.W.

196

2.0

20

10 A

II p

12 P

T

'4

50.5

520

71-5

s.w.

151

2-5

22

2 P

■5

53-5

627

65.5

N.W.

122

2.0

20

I P

i6

55 -o

608

71.0

s.

74

4.0

28

3P

17

56.0

685

66.5

s.

200

2-5

22

2 P

8:30 p

9P

•03

i8

45-5

548

57-0

N.N.E.

135

1.0

14

9A

'9

40.0

495

51.0

N.E.

115

15

17

8a

20

370

455

49-5

S.

112

0.5

10

10 A

21

450

445

67.0

S.

167

4.0

28

6 p

7 P

12 P

.25

22

535

462

900

N.N.W.

104

1.0

14

8 p

0 A

10 A

2.18

23

455

362

850

N.W.

173

2.0

20

3P

8:30 A

6 P

•05

24

550

57 5

76.5

N.N.W.

116

1-5

17

12 p

25

55-5

5'9

85.0

S.S.W.

24

0.0

—

—

26

53-5

552

750

E.S E.

85

0.5

ID

4 P

27

510

512

74 0

N.E.

lOI

1.0

14

I P

28

53 5

515

820

S.E.

62

10

14

3 P

29

58.5 ■

585

83.5

S.S.W.

174

2.0

20

4 P

30

63-5 .

786

77.0

S.S.W.

59

0.5

ID

4 A

**Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

*Included in following day.

REMARKS

The effect of the weather during June on growing crops was some-
what disappointing. While the amount of sunshine was ample, the
temperature was considerably below the normal. The first three
days were the warmest of the month, and the last third of the month
was the coolest period. The month was too dry for vegetation up to
the 2 2d when a very heavy rainfall was recorded, which materially
improved the moisture in the soil.

A summary of the various weather features shows the following
features of more or less interest : The mean barometer was below the
normal and the range of pressure was larger than usual. Although
there were two periods of low barometer, the total wind movement
was but little more than the normal and not a single gale was regis-
tered on the wind pressure chart. Most of the wind was from the
westerly points of the compass.

The mean temperature was three degrees below the normal, and
only four days had a mean hourly temperature above 70 degrees.
The maximum temperature was slightly higher than the normal and
occurred on the first day of the month. The minimum temperature
was practically normal and no frost was noted at this station. The
minimum thermometer however registered below 50 degrees on
nearly one half the days of the month.

The mean dew point was more than three degrees lower than usual,
and the relative humidity was practically normal.

The total precipitation was nearly one-fourth more than usual, due
to the storm of the 22d. The other rains of the month were mostly of
but small amounts.

The amount of cloudiness was less than usual.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
G. A. SMITH, Acting Observer.

BULLETIN No. 355.

JULY, 19 18

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 31 ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments y 2 ft. 7'itne used, y^th Mer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 29. g3, 25th, 8 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.40, 9th, i p
Reduced maximum reading . . 30.22, 25th, 8
Reducedt minimum reading, . 29.69, 9th, i p

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.967

Monthly range 0.53

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr

Highest 99-5, 22d, 5 p.

Lowest 45.0, 3d, 5 A.

Mean hourly 70.1

Mean of means of max. and min 71. i

Mean sensible (wet bulb) (

Monthly range 54.5

Highest mean daily 81.2, 23d

Lowest mean daily 62.0, 2d

Mean maximum 83.4

Mean minimum 58.8

Mean daily range 24.6

Greatest daily range 38.5, 22d

Least daily range 12.0, ist

Humidity.

Mean dew point 60.5

Mean force of vapor 737

Mean relative humidity 74.5

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 1.84

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 6

•Temperature in ground shelter.
••Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 3093 m

Greatest daily movement 240m, 30th

Least daily movement i8m^ 19th

Mean daily movement 100 m

Mean hourly velocity 4.2 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 5.0 lbs =

32m per hour, 29th, 6 P, S.S.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m per

hour, 29th, 6 p, S.S.W.
Prevailing direction. Southwest.

Summary.

South 16 per cent.

North 16 "

South Southwest 16 "

Southwest ID "

North Northeast 10 "

Other directions 32 "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 44 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 176 hours = 38 per cent

Number of clear days 7

Number of fair days 19

Number of cloudy days 5

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 286 hrs, = 62 per cent
Rain, ist, 4th, 6th, 9th, loth, 13th, 17th,

30th.
Thunder and Li^htnln^. lOth, 14th, 15th,

17th, 30th.
Gales, 35 miles or more per hour :;None

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature

. Ground Shelter

0
Ox

>,
rt

s

B

'(3

e

3

E
><

ti

E

E
3
E
'c

s

-t3

3 3

Ot/)

o'.Sf

Q

s

s

S^

s

H

s

H

0) ra.^

K 0 t.

s^^

^«

I

29.95

29.80

29.828

76.0

0:30 P

64.0

5 A

70.0

68.0

65.0

1.9

2

3002

29.82

29 910

71.0

3P

51.0

12 P

61.0

62.0

55-0

10.2

3

30.09

30.02

30.081

81.0

6 P

45.0

5A

63.0

63.1

535

130

4

30-14

30.06

30.100

83.0

4P

56.0

2 A

69-5

68.6

60.7

10.2

s

30.10

29.92

29.990

84.0

2 P

61.0

5:30 A

72.5

72.1

647

12.0

6

29.96

29,83

29-875

73-5

4:30 P

60.0

12 P

66.7

66.5

64.7

7-9

7

29.86

29-73

29.770

77.0

3:30 P

570

12 P

67.0

66.2

59-7

10.6

8

29.80

2972

29754

70.0

4 P

52.0

5 A

61.0

60.7

55-5

9.0

9

29.75

29.69

29.722

72.0

12 M

52.0

5 A

62.0

60.6

57 5

4-4

to

29.94

29-75

29.868

79-5

2:30 P

56 0

5 A

67.7

67.1

62.5

9-0

ti

29.99

29.91

29-954

81.5

4 P

51.0

5:30 A

66.3

675

61.7

10.2

12

30.01

29-95

30 002

80.0

4P

56.0

5A

68.0

68.0

62.3

12.2

•3

30.03

29.96

30027

78.0

5P

56.0

5A

67.0

65-3

62.5

6.2

'4

2998

29.90

29.974

77-5

4P

570

12 P

67-3

654

61.7

3-6

'5

30-05

29.94

29.978

85.0

5:30 P

530

4A

69.0

67-7

65-7

lO.O

(6

30.04

2990

29.986

90.5

2:30 P

530

5A

71-7

7'-5

60.5

11.5

'7

29.90

2977

29.817

80.0

11:30 A

62.0

5A

71.0

67.7

65-3

4-7

i8

29.85

29.77

29.792

84-5

5P

61.5

5 A

730

72.2

68.7

12.5

<9

29-91

2983

29.868

89.0

3 P

56.5

5:30 A

72.7

71.8

65.0

II.O

20

30.06

29.91

29.984

90.0

4P

59-0

5 A

74-5

73-3

64 7

12.5

21

30.12

30 06

30-095

95-5

3:30 P

57-5

5 A

76.5

746

65.7

12.7

22

30.15

30.07

30.118

99-5

5P

61.0

6a

80.3

80 0

687

12.0

23

30.10

29.97

30042

96.0

2:30 P

665

5A

81.3

81.2

73-0

11.8

24

30.19

30.04

30-136

84.0

2 p

67.0

5A

75-5

74-3

67-3

7.0

25

30.22

30.16

30203

83,0

3:30 p

65 0

2 A

74.0

7'-3

660

9-5

26

30.21

30.11

30.163

87.0

3P

66.0

4A

765

74 4

6S.3

9-5

27

30.15

30-03

30.098

94-0

3 P

65 0

5A

79 5

779

70.0

11.5

28

30.08

30.00

30.041

96.5

3P

68.5

5 A

82.5

80.6

74-5

"•5

29

30.04

29.90

29.977

91.0

3P

68.0

4A

79-5

78.2

71 7

9.0

30

29.91

29.87

29.888

79.0

9A

630

12 P

71.0

70.0

66.7

0.6

31

29.95

2990

29-925

76.5

3:30 p

57-0

5A

66.7

65.8

66.0

8.7

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

i^

Total in

0

a

>

il

C 3 O-

'5

bi

Inches.

J.

c *^

c V

c ■"■-

d u

•— t/l -r.

oi

c

^°

rt
Q

D U 3

'SXX

HS.S

■X. ir.~"

rt 0) >.

So, a.

ij 3
^ 0

c

Ss
m

c

0

c

I

63.0

679

85.0

s.s.w.

189

2-5

22

I P

2 P

5:30 P

.1 I

2

51.0

521

73-0

N.N.W.

123

1-5

«7

5 P

3

455

58'

530

N.

65

0.0

—

—

4

55 -o

700

62.5

N.N.E.

97

I.O

14

I A

1:30 A

2:30 A

T

5

5S.5

838

60.5

N.N.E.

146

1-5

17

10 A

6

61.5

707

79 5

E.

90

0.0

—

—

0:30 P

1:30 P

T

7

55-0

660

71.0

N.W.

114

2.0

20

I P

8

52.0

525

74-3

W.N.W.

139

1-5

17

5P

9

550

557

78.0

S.S.W.

100

2.0

20

II A

7 P

8p

.02

lO

595

662

78.5

S.

127

1-5

17

3P

5P

6p

.01

11

57-5

694

69.5

S.W.

53

0 0

—

—

12

590

69S

72.0

N.

74

0-5

10

I P

•3

61.0

612

885

N.

52

0.0

—

—

5 P

6 p

.04

'4

60.5

583

91.0

N.

28

0-5

10

I P

15

64.5

7'5

86.5

S.E.

39

0.0

—

—

16

56 0

672

67.0

S.

87

1.0

14

6p

'7

635

676

88.0

N.NE.

76

OS

10

I p

2 p

5P

.21

18

67.0

798

83-5

N.W.

78

0.0

—

—

'9

6. .5

742

75-5

S.W.

18

0.0

—

—

20

61.0

785

67.5

N.N.W.

67

0.0

—

—

21

62.5

763

74.5

W.S w.

40

0.0

—

—

22

635 I

002

60 5

S.S.W.

21

0.0

—

—

23

695 I

035

70 0

s w.

61

0.0

—

—

24

64 0

807

75.0

E.S.E.

85

0 0

—

—

25

64.0

7.8

84.5

S.S.E.

53

0.0

—

—

26

65-5

801

805

S.

123

0-5

10

3 P

27

67.5

820

78.5

S.

162

2-5

22

I p

28

71.5 I

130

70.5

S.S.W.

162

2-5

22

7P

29

68.5

952

750

S.

233

5.0

32

6 P

30

64 0

803

76.5

S.S W.

240

30

24

6a

9:30 A

5:30 p

1.45

31

49.0

603

58.5

N.

151

1-5

•7

9A

••Kain or melted snow at base of tower.

•Included in following day.

REMARKS

The most noticeable features of the weather during July were the
very light precipitation up to nearly the end of the month, and the
large amount of sunshine. The drought, which had become quite
pronounced, was broken on the 30th by a heavy shower, giving nearly
one and one-half inches of water, and about eighty per cent of the
total for the month.

The first half of the month was much cooler than the last half,
when several very warm days occurred.

A comparison of the records of the several weather elements with
their respective normals shows the following features of more or less
interest. The mean barometer was practically normal and the range
of pressure comparatively small. The total wind movement was
about eighty per cent of the normal and many days of comparative
calm were noted. More than the usual amount of wind was from
the southerly points of the compass.

The mean temperature was practically normal and the range con-
siderably more than the normal. The maximum temperature was
about six degrees higher than the normal, and the minimum was
about the average value for this feature. The difference between
the mean hourly temperature and the mean of maximum and mini-
mum temperatures was larger than usual.

The mean dew point was slightly below the normal and the mean
relative humidity about a point higher than usual.

The total precipitation was about forty per cent of the normal and
nearly all came in a single storm as noted above.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
G. A. SMITH, Acting Observer.

BULLETIN No. 356.

AUGUST, 19 18

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTUKAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72" 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, ^^ fi- Above sea level, zyj.^ ft.
Height oj IVitid Instruments 72 ft. Time used, 7^th Mer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30. ,19 19th, 9 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.44, 9th, 4 p
Reduced maximum reading . . 30.48, 19th, 9 A
Reducedt minimum reading, . 29.72, 9th, 4 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.027

Monthly range 0.76

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest loo.o, 7th, 3 p

Lowest 44.0,19th, 6 a.:

20th, 6 A.

Mean hourly 70.5

Mean of means of max. and min 71.6

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 63.9

Monthly range 56 o

Highest mean daily 81.7, 7th

Lowest mean daily 60.9, 19th

Mean maximum 84.5

Mean minimum 5:

Mean daily range 2

Greatest daily range 42.5, 20th

Least daily range 13.0,29th

Huoiidiiy.

Mean dew point 60.8

Mean force of vapor 724

Mean relative humidity 75,5

Precipitafiou. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 2.22

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 10

•Temperature in ground shelter.
**Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 25S3m

Greatest daily movement 145m, 17th

Least daily movement 24m j6th

Mean daily movement '83 m

Mean hourly velocity 3-5 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 6.5 lbs =

36m per hour,''i4th, 3 p, S.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m per

hour, 14th, 3:30 p, S.W.
Prevailing direction. South.

Summary.

South 39 per cent.

South Southwest 19 " ■'

Southwest 10 " "

North Northeast 10 " "

Other directions 22 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 37 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 153 hours = 36 per cent

Number of clear days 12

Number of fair days . . . ; 12

Number of cloudy days '7

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 276 hrs, = 64 per cent
Rain. 5th, 7th, 9th, loth, nth, 14th, 24th,

26th; 29th, 31st.
Thunder and Lightnina. 2d, 9th, I4th,24th,

26th, 31st.
Gales, 35 miles or more per hour : 36 m,

14th, S. W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Tern

perature

. Ground Shelter

01

^ c

S
3
E

s

3

E
'c

SE

E
3
S
><

c4

S

E

3
E

'S

a;

E

-0

Ids'

rt -* nJ

4) "3

o'.Sf

Q

s

S

51 V

s

H

s

H

ssi

se5

Sc^^

•7 1-

I

30.00

29.92

29.967

84.0

4:30 P

58.0

5:30 A

71.0

70.0

58.7

II. 5

2

29.98

29.82

29 908

855

2:30?

58.0

4 A

71.7

71.2

65.3

8.4

3

30.09

29.87

30.004

78.0

3-.30 P

54-5

12 P

66.3

66.7

57-3

12.7

4

30.13

30.03

30070

76.0

3P

50.5

3A

63-3

63-3

58.3

6.5

5

30-03

29.78

29-857

86.0

5 P

590

3 A

72.5

70.4

67-3

6.7

6

29.90

29.83

29.886

96.0

3:30?

69.0

6a

82.5

80.4

72.5

10.7

7

29 98

29 81

29.844

lOO.O

3P

68.5

5:30 A

84.3

81.7

71.3

10.2

8

29.87

2983

29-853

86.5

5P

72.5

5 A

79-5

79-5

72.0

6.3

9

29.94

2972

29780

80.5

3:30 P

66.0

12 P

73-3

73 I

67-5

4.8

10

30.15

29.94

30.117

79.0

I p

590

12 P

69.0

64.7

61.3

2.1

II

30.12

30.01

30 068

71.0

3P

57.0

5:30 A

64.0

639

63.0

5-2

12

30.03

29.97

30 000

87.5

5P

67.0

5 A

77-3

75-3

71.7

8-3

'3

30.05

29.91

29.995

93.0

3P

59-5

6 A

76.3

77.2

71-3

II.O

14

29.93

29.77

29.894

95.0

2:30 P

70.0

12 P

82.5

79 4

71.7

7-9

15

30.04

29.90

30.024

84.5

4 P

58.0

6a

71-3

70.5

61.7

12.8

(6

30.02

29.92

29.975

87.0

3P

52.5

5A

69.7

68.9

61.3

II-3

17

30.27

30.0 T

30.136

74.5

4 P

52.5

6a

635

64.9

60.0

12.5

[8

30.40

30.27

30.322

77.0

5P

47-5

6a

61.7

61.3

52.5

1 1.8

'9

30.48

30.33

30.409

78.5

5--30 P

44.0

6 a

6>.3

60.9

53-0

12.7

20

30.38

30.22

30.298

86.5

4:30 p

44 -o

6 A

653

64.5

55-3

12. 1

21

30.24

3001

30.115

87.0

4P

48.0

6 a

67.5

6S.0

60.3

11.8

22

30.07

2994

29983

92.5

4P

63 0

6 A

77-7

76.5

67.7

II.O

23

30.04

29.92

29.985

95-0

4 P

59-5

3:30 A

77.3

75.1

68.3

8.7

24

29.98

29.89

29-945

84.0

2:30 p

66.5

6a

75-3

73.4

68.5

5-3

25

29.97

2989

29938

930

3P

66.0

5 A

79-5

76.5

69.0

lO.O

26

29.91

29.77

29.868

86.0

I p

67.0

II p

76.5

73-5

68.7

3-0

27

30.29

2986

30.178

82.0

3P

55-0

12 P

68.5

68.5

56.7

12.1

28

30.41

30.30

30.374

80.0

3P

46.0

6 A

63.0

62.8

56.0

II. 5

29

30-30

29.99

30.059

69.0

4 P

56 0

0 A

62.5

63.8

633

0.8

30

30.06

29.9S

30.0 1 8

825

4P

590

6 a

707

70.2

64-3

II-3

31

30.06

29.85

29.969

82.0

3P

655

5:30 A

73-7

70.1

65-7

5-0

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

tin

Total in

Q

0

0.

>

.>2

W) •

3«g

£ 5 a

0.

be

c

bi

Inches.

1.

Q

So,

<U D 3

'3 tj
is

£5

HS.S

rt OJ V-

" 0

0

£

'Si

ID

CQ

-3

0

c

I

54.0

■637

64.5

s.s.w.

73

I.O

14

9P

2

63-5

•732

79.0

s.

122

2.0

20

I p

3

51.0

.638

58.0

N.N.E.

135

1.0

14

9 P

4

49 5

.566

62.5

S.S.W.

116

3^o

24

2 p

5

66.5

•739

895

s.

77

1-5

17

0 A

I A

3 A

.02

6

70.5

•954

78.5

s.w.

33

0.0

—

—

7

69.5

•949

750

s.w.

83

2.0

20

4P

5:30 A

7:30 A

.06

8

69.0

•999

7'^5

w.

58

05

10

3 P

9

66.5

•756

84.5

E.

72

0^5

10

5 P

4 A

2:30 P

.26

to

60.0

.588

87.5

E.

86

0.5

10

I A

7:30 P

12 P

•32

II

62.5

.614

92.5

s.

29

0.0

—

—

0 A

3:30 A

.i6

12

71.0

.850

89.5

S.

63

0.0

—

—

13

70.0

.901

80.5

s.

80

1-5

17

4 P

'4

70.5

•975

79^5

s.

124

6.5

36

3 P

3:30?

5 P

•39

'5

57-5

.714

67.0

S.E.

68

o^5

ID

6 P

16

58.0

.658

73-5

S.S.W.

24

0.0

—

'7

54-5

.711

61.0

N.NE.

145

2.0

20

12 M

.8

45-0

•538

56.0

N.E.

92

0.0

—

'9

47 0

•519

635

N.

58

0.0

—

20

50.0

•571

64.0

S

39

0.0

—

2 I

57.0

.650

75.0

s w.

95

1-5

17

2 P

22

63.0

•893

66.5

s.

98

1.0

14

3 P

23

66.5

.720

84.0

S.S.W.

91

^•5

17

6 P

24

66.5

.810

79^5

s.

144

2.0

20

2 p

2 P

6p

•05

25

65.5

•835

74.0

S.S W.

40

1.0

14

5P

26

67.5

•765

88.0

s.

68

2.0

20

3 P

5:30 A

2 p

.06

27

535

.598

68.0

N.N.E.

119

25

22

8a

28

5'-5

•535

730

S.S.W.

107

2.5

22

5 P

29

62.5

.615

92.0

s.

67

0.0

—

7:30 A

2 p

•49

30

610

.714

75^o

N.N.W.

44

0.0

—

3'

64.5

•703

87.0

s.

133

3-5

26

3P

3P

12 p

.41

*Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

'Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during August was warmer than usual, the maximum
daily temperature being above 80 degrees on more than three-fourths
of the days, and above 90 degrees on seven days. Although high
temperatures were frequent the relative humidity was below the nor-
mal, making the heat less oppressive. The month was much drier
than shown by the precipitation record, owing to the fact that nearly
one-half the total rainfall occurred when the month was nearly over.
The total precipitation was far from adequate, following the dry
w'eather of the previous month. The prevalence of south wind was
very unusual for this locality.

The records of the several weather elements show the following as
the most important features of the records for the month. The mean
barometer was slightly higher than the normal and the range more
than usual. The maximum and minimum pressures were both higher
than their respective normals. The total wind movement was about
600 miles less than the average and only one gale was recorded on
the pressure chart.

The mean hourly temperature was more than two degrees above
the normal and the maximum temperature of 100 degrees makes a
new high record for August at this station. The maximum was
nearly ten degrees above the normal value for this station. The
minimum temperature was slightly higher than the normal, and was
recorded on two successive mornings.

The mean dew point was slightly higher than the normal and the
relative humidity about a point lower than usual.

The total precipitation was but little more than one-half the usual
amount. While rain fell on ten dates most of the storms were of but
little account.

The amount of bright sunshine was unusually large and the num-
ber of cloudy days small.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
G. A. SMITH, Acting Observer.

BULLETIN No. 357.

SEPTEMBER, r9l8

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGIIICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W.

Height of ha ro meter above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2"/ 3.3 ft.
Height oj Wi?id Instruments y 2 ft. Time Jised, y^th Mer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressnie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing", 30. ,12 iith, 8 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.40, 28th, 4 p
Reduced maximum reading . . 30.42, iitli, 8 A
Reducedt minimum reading, . 29.69, 28tfi, 4 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.029

Monthly range 0.73

*Air Temperatore. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 84.0, 4th, 4 p

Lowest 34-5. 3oth, 6 a

Mean hourly 57.6

Mean of means of max. and min 58.0

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 53.2

Monthly range 48 5

Highest mean daily 71.6, 5th

Lowest mean daily 47.8, 27th

Mean maximum 69.1

Mean minimum 46.9

Mean daily range • 22.2

Greatest daily range 38.0, 15th

Least daily range 5.5,26th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 50.3

Mean force of vapor 470

Mean relative humidity 81.3

Precipitaiion. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 7.00

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 15

•Temperature in ground shelter.
••Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 3271m

Greatest daily movement 224m, 28th

Least daily movement 30m, 15th

Mean daily movement 109 m

Mean hourly velocity 4.5 ni

Maximum pressure per square foot, 4.5 lbs =

30m per hour, 27th, 2 p, W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m per

hour, 2Sth, 1:30 p, S.
Prevailing direction, West Southwest.

Summary.

South 13 per cent.

South Southwest 20 " ■'

West 17 " "

North 10 " "

-Southwest 10 " "

North Northwest 13 " "

Other directions 17 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 56 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 186 hours = 50 per cent

Number of clear days 7

Number of fair days 12

Number of cloudy days 11

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 187 hrs, = 50 per cent
Rain, ist, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 12th, 13th,
17th, iSth, 20th, 2ist, 23d, 26th, 27th, 30th.
Thunder and Lightning, ist, iSth, 22d.
Frosts, nth, 22d, 30th.
Gales, 35 miles or more per hour : None.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Tem

perature

. Groun

d Shelter

S

B
S

IS

s

E
"S

is

S5S

£

s

c

S

£
'c

(U

E

T3

1 is

>' 1.;

3 3

3

4
5
6

7
8

9

10

11

(2

13

14
15
i6

•7
18

'9

20
21

22

23

24

25
26

27
28
29
30

30-13
30-23
30.20

30-15
30.08
29.89
30.12
30.16
30.20

30-34
30.42
30.26
30.05
30.00
30-03
30.00
30.09
30.10
2997
29.95
30.08

30-25
30.29
30.18
3022
30.10
29.95

29-93
29.96
30.20

2986

30-13
30.11

30.06
29.85
29.84
29.88
30.09
30.1 1
30-15
30-23
30.05
29.86
29.90
29.91
2994
29.92
29 78
2984
29.8S
2983
30.08
30.18
30.02
30.10
29.85

29.S7
29.69
2972
29.96

30.019
30.202

30- 1 54
30.1 10
29929
29.824
30053
30-131
30-173
30.236

30-344
30.146
29 888
29.962
29.990
29.984
30.010
29.936

29-955
29.856
29.962

30-239
30244
30090
30.164
29.926
29.920
29.812
29794
30-135

79-5
81.0
78.0
84.0
82.0
72.0
67-S
61.S
76.5

725
6S.0
69.0
69.0

65-5
77.0
72.0
75-5
53-5
770
70.0
61.0
59.0
66.5
630
61.0

53-5
59.0
72.0
65.0
63.0

4P
4 P
4P
4P
3P

3P
4P
3P
4P
3:30 P
5P
3
5

4
1:30

6

3
11:30 A
6p
3P
3P
4P
3P

O A

3 P

3P

3:30 P

3P

56.0

12 P

48.0

6 a

53-0

6a

S8.5

6 A

65s

4A

56 0

12 p

48.0

4 A

48.0

3 A

52-0

6a

47 -o

12 p

36.5

6a

48.5

2 A

530

12 P

45-5

6a

390

7 A

50.0

6a

52.0

12 p

47.0

3'-3o A

52-5

2 A

50 0

12 P

45-0

8 A

370

7 A

41.0

7 A

430

12 P

35-5

6a

48.0

12 P

37-0

6a

39 5

4:30 A

41.0

12 P

34 5

6a

67.7
64-5

65-5

71-3

73-7
64.0

57-7
54-7
64-3
59-7
52.3
58.7
61.0

55-5
58.0
6f .0
63-7
50-3
647
60.0
53-0
48.0

53-7
53-0
48.3
50.7
48.0
55.7
53-0
48.7

671

59-5

65-1

59-7

63.6

S«-3

69. s

645

71.6

65.5

65.1

61.7

56.0

51.0

54-7

53-5

623

57-0

60.2

523

52-4

46.7

567

52.0

57-7

55-7

55-5

51-5

5b.7

47-3

62.0

57-7

646

60.0

5,.6

50-5

62.8

57-7

61.2

59-7

50.5

45-5

48. 7

45-3

540

50.5

52.0

49-0

48.0

45-7

51-1

50.5

47.8

42.3

56.1

50.0

54-6

49 3

50.0

47 0

II. 1

II.7

lO.O

8.1

8.1

1-4
62
I.I

II.O

9-3
II. 4

5-5
3-0
6.0

lO.O

1-5

2-5

0.0

7-4
2.0

6.3

7-0
8.7
2.2

4-3
0.0

4-5
9.6

9-5
7-3

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

P^

Total in

Q

u

0
0.

II

E 3 a-

0.

bi

c
'S

bi

Inches.

*

*

Q

5[i,

<U i) s

£5

HS.S

■3 S^

^ 0

H

c
'Si
m

-5

c
W

0

s

CO

I

56.0

620

75.0

N.N.W.

149

2.0

20

9A

0 A

3 A

•30

2

56.5

664

76.0

s.s.w.

44

0.0

—

3

55-5

546

79.0

s.

85

I.O

14

3 P

4

635

655

87.5

s.s.w.

67

0.5

10

2 p

5

63-5

693

81.5

s.s.w.

175

35

26

10 A

6

60.0

615

83.0

N.W.

113

0.0

—

—

8 A

I P

•23

7

47-5

417

77-5

N.

99

1.0

14

10 A

12 M

I P

•03

8

51-5

43!^

86.5

N.N.E.

82

0.5

10

I P

10 A

12 P

•3«

9

54-5

552

81.0

N.

• 93

0.5

10

I P

0 A

I A

■03

(0

4«-5

453

75-5

W.

130

2.0

20

3 P

II

40.5

390

65.5

S.S.W.

97

05

10

2 p

12

50.0

424

86.0

E.SE.

91

0-5

10

12 M

7P

12 P

.26

13

550

465

92.5

N.N.W.

80

0.0

—

—

0 A

9A

.41

14

48.5

436

78.0

W.

87

1.0

14

I P

'5

430

406

730

s.

30

0.0

—

—

16

55-5

551

805

s.

114

1-5

17

2 P

'7

57-5

5S5

82.5

w.

191

1-5

17

2 A

4:30 A

6a

.02

18

49-5

3^3

93-5

N.-

70

0.0

—

7A

6p

.66

'9

56.5

527

88.5

S.S.E.

163

3-0

24

3P

20

590

53'

97-5

N.N.W^

80

0-5

10

II p

4:30 A

12 p

.87

21

42.5

338

81.5

N.W.

154

2.0

20

12 M

0 A

6a

.27

22

35-0

359

70.0

w.

92

2-5

22

3 P

23

47-S

430

77-5

s.w\

104

1.0

14

II A

2 A

4A

■13

24

47-5

365

9'-5

s w.

75

10

14

4 P

25

44-5

337

90.5

s.s.w.

34

05

10

3 P

26

49-5

375

95 -o

N.N.W.

92

1.0

14

8 P

I A

12 p

3-17

27

390

298

80.0

s.w.

178

4-5

30

2 p

0 A

5A

.20

28

44.0

452

64-5

s.

224

4.0

28

2 p

29

45.0

4'3

72.5

w.

170

2-5

22

12 M

30

42.5

372

75.0

s.s.w.

108

2-5

22

4 P

6p

12 P

.11

••Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

•Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during September was less pleasant than usual owing
to the large number of rainy days. The latter part of the month was
comparatively cool, although freezing temperature was not reached
at any time, and only a few light frosts were observed.

The total precipitation was unusually large, and the heavy storm
of the 26th — 27th showed a greater rainfall in 24 hours than had
been noted for a number of years at this station. The observed
cloudiness in the mornings was much greater than the amount noted
in the evenings.

A comparison of the records of the several weather elements with
their normals shows the following features of interest : The mean
barometer was slightly lower than the normal and the range of pres-
sure rather small. Change of pressure was generally slow. The
maximum pressure for the month was practically normal, while the
minimum was considerably higher than the normal.

The total wind movement was about the usual value and the wind
directions were more variable than usual. Not a single gale was re-
corded on the pressure chart.

The maximum temperature came early in the month, and was not
as high as the normal. The minimum temperature was registered on
the last day of the month. The mean temperature was about three
degrees below the normal, making it one of the coldest Septembers
on our record.

The mean dew point was more than three degrees below the nor-
mal and the relative humidity about two points higher than usual,
owing to the large amount of rainy weather.

The precipitation was about 70 per cent more than the normal and
was well distributed throughout the month. The heavy downpour
near the end of the month has been referred to above.

The amount of bright sunshine was considerably less than the
usual amount.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
E. M. BUFFUM, Acting Observer.

BULLETIN No. 358.

OCTOBER, 1918

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Aboite sea level, 2"/ 3.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Itistrumefits y2 ft. Time used, y^th Mer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

PresBute. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.26, 19th, 8 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.27, 13th, 4 p
Reduced maximum reading . . 30.57, 19th, 8 A
Reduced! minimum reading, . 29.56, 13th, 4 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.118

Monthly range i.oi

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 78.5, 29th, 2 p.

Lowest 27.5, 23d, 7:30A

Mean hourly 52.6

Mean of means of max. and min 53.1

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 47.8

Monthly range 51 o

Highest mean daily 67.2, 29th

Lowest mean daily 42.4, 19th

Mean maximum 65.2

Mean minimum 41.0

Mean daily range 24.2

Greatest daily range 41.5,10th

Least daily range 8.5, 30th

Hnmidity.

Mean dew point 44.3

Mean force of vapor 389

Mean relative humidity So. 5

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 1.32

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 10

•Temperature in ground shelter.
"Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 4297 m

Greatest daily movement 312m, 31st

Least daily movement 21m, 23d

Mean daily movement 139 m

Mean hourly velocity 5.8 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 10.5 lbs =

46m per hour, 20th, 4 p, S.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30m per

hour, 6th, 2 p, W.S.W.
Prevailing direction. South Southwest.

Summary.

South 32 per cent.

South Southwest 32 " ''

Other directions 36 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 52 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 161 hours = 47 per cent

Number of clear days 8

Number of fair days 11

Number of cloudy days 12

Bright Snnshine.

Number hours recorded, 180 hrs, = 53 per cent
Rain. 2d, 3d, 5th, 6th, 12th, 20th, 26th, 2Sth,

30th, 31st.
Thnnder and Li^htnin^. 3d.
Frosts, 4th, 8th, 9th, loth, 15th, 19th, 22d, 23d,

24th..
Gales, 35 miles or more per hour : 42 m,

6th, W.S.W.; 46 m, 20th, S

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

(U

Sea Level.

Tern

perature

. Ground Shelter

0:2

s

e

£

£
'E

E

3
S

'i

E

S

3

s

E

6
S

•a
S d <='

J3
d'3

1^ a
3 3

0 ^

Q

s

S

SJ^

:s

H

is

H

i> 0 u

•5 ""fe:

^5

I

30.46

30.20

30.434

65.0

5P

38.0

6:30 A

51.5

48.5

40.5

10.5

2

30.45

30.09

30304

65.5

4 P

340

4 A

49.7

50.7

48.3

3-3

3

3022

30.02

30.119

68.0

1:30 p

44.0

12 P

56.0

58.8

55.0

4.3

4

3043

30.22

30.352

64.5

3:30 P

30.0

6:30 A

50.3

49-4

43-5

8.5

5

30.26

29.77

29944

655

2 p

44.0

I A

54.7

55-7

51.7

1.2

6

29.83

2957

29.654

74.0

2 P

46 0

12 P

60 0

60.0

563

4.2

7

30-37

2983

30.217

59.0

3:30 P

38.5

12 P

48.7

46.7

36.S

8.6

8

30.50

3032

30412

5^-5

4 P

30.5

7 A

49.0

46.6

38.7

lo.s

9

30.32

30.05

30.177

68.0

4P

305

7 A

49 3

47-7

4'-3

8.0

10

30.09

30.00

30074

71-5

4P

30.0

7 A

50.7

50.6

43-7

9-3

II

30.13

3001

30.101

75.0

3P

41.0

5 A

58.0

57 I

48.7

8.5

12

30.09

29.83

29.947

57.0

8p

45.0

6a

51.0

51.7

51-3

0.0

'3-

29.83

29.56

29.694

72.0

1:30 P

530

4A

625

590

530

3-7

14

3002

29.71

29S59

59-5

2:30 P

41.0

12 P

50.3

49.5

44.3

7-7

'5

30.22

30.02

30.213

56.0

3P

33-5

6:30 A

44 7

44.6

37.7

92

i6

30.18

3005

30.134

63.0

4 P

40.0

12 P

5'.5

47-9

41.0

5-9

'7

30.19

29.S4

30.060

61.0

3P

350

7 A

48.0

48.9

44.0

44

i8

30.43

29.82

30.229

56.0

0 A

35.0

12 P

45-5

47.2

40.7

1-5

•9

30.57

3043

30.520

59-5

3P

29.0

6:30 A

44-3

42.4

35-5

10.9

20

3044

29.87

30.106

56.5

3P

34.0

4 A

45-3

48.4

48.7

0.5

21

30.09

2983

30.008

58.0

3:30 p

38.0

12 P

48.0

49.9

43.5

7-5

22

30.24

30.09

30.209

61.0

4 P

32.5

4 A

46.7

44 9

37-5

9-7

23

30.34

3024

30.299

66.0

5P

27.5

7:30 A

46.7

42.9

36.5

9-7

24

30.44

30.30

30.398

60.5

2:30?

29 0

7 A

44.7

46.9

41.3

9.6

25

30.36

30.27

30-322

63.5

3P

45-5

7 A

54-5

544

52.7

5-0

26

3032

30.20

30.277

67.0

2:30 p

545

I A

60.7

60.0

60.3

0.3

27

30.25

30.15

30.206

^4 5

3P

585

6 A

66.5

64.2

60.0

6.3

28

30.15

29.94

30.032

66.5

6p

52.0

6 A

59-3

59.5

59 7

0.7

29

2994

29.S5

29.916

785

2 p

63.0

6a

707

672

65.7

5-7

30

29.88

29.61

29.76S

72.5

0:30 p

64.0

3A

68.3

66.5

663

I.O

31

29.77

29.57

29.663

68.0

2:30 p

48.0

12 p

58.0

61 9

59.0

4.0

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

h

Total in

5

D

Q

0

Q.
>

■-2

■M.2

0) in

£ 3 cr

0.

bi

c
c

bi)

Inches.

J.

Q

nJ H
Stt,

rt3 s

<u 1) 3

£5

5>i

rt OJ i-

S.X

1)

s

c
'Si
OQ

'■5
a

'tS

0

c

(/3

I

34-0

299

67.5

N.W.

63

05

10

6a

2

46.0

389

82.0

S.S.VV.

III

3-0

24

6p

4:30 P

12 P

02

3

55-5

470

88.0

S.

176

30

24

3P

0 A

5 A

.22

4

38.5

333

70-5

S.

74

I.O

14

2 p

5

48.5

450

77-5

s.s.w.

239

5-0

32

I p

8p

12 P

.06

6

54-5

487

86.0

s.s.w.

208

90

42

2 p

0 A

3 P

.29

7

26.0

271

54-5

N.

279

2.0

20

8a

8

31-5

288

63-5

S.S.W.

57

0.0

—

—

9

37-5

302

78.5

s.

63

1.0

14

2 p

10

41.0

311

86.0

s.w.

27

0.0

—

—

[I

44-5

408

72.5

s.s.w.

85

2.5

22

4 P

12

50.0

398

93-5

s.

24

0.0

—

8a

6p

.2 2

«3

50.5

452

Si.o

s.s.w.

170

2-5

22

4P

14

38.0

354

66.5

w.s.w.

168

2.0

20

6 P

'5

29.5

280

590

w.

149

1-5

17

12 M

i6

370

288

78.0

s.

24

0.0

—

—

>7

42.0

320

88.0

s.s.w.

54

0.0

—

i8

37-0

287

78.0

N.N.E.

227

25

22

10 A

•9

325

233

8i.o

S.s.w.

57

05

ID

I P

20

46.5

374

890

s.

274

10.5

46

4P

4P

12 p

.20

21

390

328

75.0

N.W.

296

2-5

22

10 A

22

28.5

277

58.0

N.

143

1.0

14

10 A

23

32.5

243

77-5

S.S.W.

21

0.0

—

—

24

38.5

2S8

84.5

s.w.

47

0.0

—

25

52.0

414

96.5

S.S.E.

98

1.0

14

I I P

26

595

533

97.0

s.

125

0-5

10

4P

6:30 A

10 A

•03

27

58.5

542

91-5

s.

139

1-5

17

2 p

28

59.0

544

95-5

s.s.w.

102

2-5

22

2 P

2:30 p

3 P

.01

29

65 0

655

95,0

s.

243

2-5

22

6p

30

66.0

666

95.0

s.

242

5.0

32

II p

9:30 p

12 p

.10

31

57-5

540

89.5

W.N.W.

312

5.0

32

I A

0 A

6a

•'7

**Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

*lncluded in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during October was more seasonable than that of the
preceding month, and in some respects more pleasant. The precipita-
tion was small, the temperature rather high and the amount of sun-
shine fully up to the normal. The great preponderance of wind from
the south undoubtedly caused the comparatively warm weather which
was especially noticeable the last few days of the month. The last
week was in fact the warmest part of the month. While several frosts
were noted early in the month, the first killing frost of the season
occurred on the 19th, a date much later than usual.

The records of the several weather elements show the following
features of interest : The mean barometer was considerably higher
than the normal and the range was less than usual for the time of
year. The maximum pressure was practically normal and the mini-
mum rather high. On only a few days was the mean barometer
lower than 30 inches.

The total wind movement was slightly more than usual, although
there were but two gales. For about two-thirds of the time the wind
was from the south or south southwest.

The mean temperature was about two degrees higher than usual.
The maximum temperature was practically normal, but came much
later in the month than usual. The minimum temperature was more
than four degrees higher than the normal for this feature.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both considerably
higher than their normals.

The total precipitation was about one-third the normal amount
and all of it occurred in small storms.

The last week was rather cloudy, but the total amount of sunshine
for the month was considerably more than the normal. The mild
weather continued up to the close of the month.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
H. BERMAN, Acting Observer.

BULLETIN No. 359.

NOVEMBER, 19 18

Meteorologrical Observations

o

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATIOIsl.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft.
Height oj Whid Instruments J 2 ft. Time used, j^th Mer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

PressDte. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.29, 6th, 9 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 2S.75, i8th, 9 P
Reduced maximum reading . . 30.60, 6th, 9 A
Reducedt minimum reading, . 29.05, i8th, g p

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.023

Monthly range 1-55

*Air Temperatore. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 62.5, 8th, 1:30 p

Lowest 15.5,27th, 5 A

Mean hourly 39-4

Mean of means of max. and min 40.0

Mean sensible (wet bidb) 35.6

Monthly range 470

Highest mean daily 56-6, iSth

Low^est mean daily 22.0, 26th

Mean maximum 48. 6

Mean minimum 31.3

Mean daily range 17.3

Greatest daily range . . .' 31.5, 7th

Least daily range 3.5, 20th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 32.0

Mean force of vapor 235

Mean relative humidity 81.3

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 2.87

Total snow, in inches 'i'race

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell

•Temperature in ground shelter.

••Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 3730 m

Greatest daily movement 297m, 23d

Least daily movement 24m, 17th

Mean daily movement 124 m

Mean hourly velocity 5.2 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 6.0 lbs =

3;m per hour, i8th, 6 A, S.S.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m per

hour, 30th, 1:30 p, W.
Prevailing direction, West.

Summary.

South 13 per cent.

West .Southwest 17

West Northwest 13

North 10

West 10

Northwest 10

North Northwest 10

Other directions 17

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 49 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 1S5 hours = 63 per cent

Number of clear days 4

Number of fair days 9

Number of cloudy days 17

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 108 hrs, = 37 per cent
Rain, 4th, 17th, i8th, 19th, 20th, 2Sth, 29th.
Snow. 4th, 30th.

Gales, 35 miles or more per hour 35 m
uSth, S.S.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature

Ground Shelter

Id

£
3
g

rt

S
E

><

'rt

S
3

a

(4

S

s

3

s

'c

V

s

13

c .
rt X c

?; S rt

id's

1^ c
3 3

Q

S

s

S 11

s

H

i

H

OJ rt .—

4J 0 i_

s<^^

v' 1-

I

29.99

29.77

29.896

54.0

2 P

390

12 P

46.5

45-4

40.3

4-5

2

30.19

29.99

30.131

49-5

2 P

330

7 A

4'-3

41.8

39-0

3-3

3

3030

30.19

30.285

52.0

4P

31.0

7A

41.5

40.7

35-7

5-5

4

30.25

30.09

30.166

41.5

I P

29.0

3--30 A

35-3

36.8

35 7

0.0

5

3044

30.12

30.342

50 0

3:30 P

36.0

12 P

43-0

40.6

37-7

47

6

30.60

3044

30.560

49-5

4:30 p

285

7:30 A

39-0

36.0

370

7-4

7

30.46

3017

30293

530

0:30 P

21-5

6:30 A

37 -.3.

38.6

34-0

7.0

8

30-35

3017

30285

62.5

1:30 P

34-5

3:30 A

48.5

44.4

380

8.3

9

30-36

30.11

30.290

49.0

3P

34 5

6 A

41.7

43-5

43-7

0.0

lO

3030

30.02

30 143

54-5

12 M

32.0

12 P

43-3

46.0

44.0

7.0

II

30-43

3030

30426

49.0

2 P

26.0

12 P

37-5

352

303

9.0

12

30.44

30.23

30-371

51.0

1:30 P

21.0

6 A

3^0

32.1

26.0

8.3

13

30.23

•29.89

30.067

41.0

4 P

230

4 A

320

32-9

325

0.0

'4

30.12

29.87

29.978

480

1:30 P

27-5

7A

_J7i

36.3

29.7

3-7

'5

30.18

30.09

30 170

57-5

2 P

28.0

3A

42.7

42.4

38.3

1.0

16

30.25

30.18

30.252

585

2 P

39-5

7 A

49.0

48.2

42.5

30

17

30.23

2968

29.992

490

8 P

42.0

4A

45-5

450

45-3

0.0

i8

29.68

29.05

29.231

61.5

3P

46.5

0 A

540

56.6

56.7

CO

'9

29.49

29 19

29-377

52.0

4P

45-0

8 A

48.5

483

44 7

0.3

20

2975

29.49

29648

46.5

0 A

430

I p

44 7

44.3

43-3

0.0

21

29-93

2975

29 900

44-0

3 P

36.0

12 P

40.0

41.6

37-5

0.0

22

29.99

2990

29.968

430

r.30 p

28.5

6 A

35-7

352

31-3

1.2

23

29-99

2992

29-965

4[.o

1:30 p

31-5

8a

363

34-8

29.0

S-o

24

29.98

29.74

29-855

47 -o

2 P

300

6:30 A

38.5

36.8

300

6.5

25

29.84

29.71

29 760

430

I P

27-5

4A

35-3

35-4

32-0

7-2

26

30,18

29.84

30.122

35-0

0 A

16 0

7 A

25-5

22.0

15-3

8.9

27

30.06

29.89

29.964

40 0

4P

155

5 A

27.7

27.0

22.3

0.8

28

30.14

29-54

30.002

430

12 P

23-5

7A

33 3

34-1

295

30

29

2969

29-47

29.567

49-5

2 P

4F.0

3A

45-3

426

37-5

0.4

30

29.72

29.61

29.695

43-0

1:30 P

30.0

12 P

36.5

36.2

295

2.0

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Sa.

Su,

>;3

^^ S
Dud

Wind.

a.Q

HS.£

ni S >-

Sa«aH

SE

Precipitation.

Total in
Inches.

I

38.S

.246

86.0

2

36.0

•255

84.0

3

32.5

.277

82.5

4

34-0

.218

91.0

S

350

.23S

88.0

6

35-5

.206

91.0

7

32.0

.222

86.5

8

35 5

.248

84.0

9

41.5

.301

86.5

ro

43.0

.300

925

[ I

27.5

.179

85.0

12

22.5

.151

83.0

'.3

29.5

•'97

86.0

'4

26.5

.178

82.5

'.S

350

•259

82.0

[6

40 0

.297

85.5

'7

45.0

.306

98.0

tS

550

•483

94.0

'9

430

•3'7

87 0

20

425

.290

940

21

340

.248

«'5

22

27 0

•193

79-5

2,1

20.0

.195

57-5

24

21.0

.201

58.0

25

29.5

.207

82.5

26

60

.101

62 0

27

16.0

.ns

71-5

28

22.5

.198

64-5

29

35 5

.261

81 0

30

1S.5

.201

52-5

W.N.W

W.N.W

W.

N.N.W.

N.

E.

S.

N.

S.

W.

N.
N.W.
N.W.

w.s.w.

s.

S.E.

N.N.W.

s.s w.

s w.

w.

N.N.W.
N.W.
W N.W.
W.S.W.
W.N.W.
W.S.W.

S.

S.S.E.

W.S.W.

W.S.W.

134
124

79
82

134

44

117

83
100
112

52

38

129

52

52

24

225

178

42

lOI
I JO

297
149
175

246

77

98

181

268

10

2-S

1-5
0.5

I.O

05

0.0

1-5
1.0
2.0

1-5

0.0
0.0

3-5
0.5
0.0
0.0
60
2.0
0.0

0-5
2.0
30

2-5

30
30

0-5
0-5
5-5

5-5

14

9A

22

3P

17

10 A

10

12 P

6a

12 P

■3'

14

7 A

10

3P

17

12 M

14

12 P

20

3 P

17

10 A

26

2 P

10

I P

—

8a

12 P

.85

35

6 A

0 A

12 P

.84

20

0 A

0 A

10 A

■ n

—

—

I P

8p

.08

10

2 P

20

9P

24

I p

22

I A

24

3 P

24

10 p

10

7 A

10

3 P

5A

12 P

•23

33

12 M

0 A

9A

43

33

2 P

2:30 P

3 P

1.

'Kain or melted snow at base of tower.

'Included in following day.

REMARKS

During the month of November the weather presented but few
features of unusual interest. Perhaps the most noticeable feature
was the fact that it was not quite so cold as is usual at this time of
year and that winter had not fully started when the month closed.
The large amount of cloudiness was also a feature which could not
well escape notice. Wind directions were unusually variable al-
though the total wind movement was not large.

An analysis of the several records kept at this station shows the
following features: The mean barometer was practically normal and
the range much greater than usual. The last week of the month
was a period of rather low barometer, and rather rapid changes in

pressure.

The mean temperature was about one and one-half degrees higher
than the normal. The maximum temperature was slightly less than
usual and the minimum was higher than its normal value, giving a
comparatively small range. The mean dew-point and relative hu-
midity were both high.

The total precipitation was about ten per cent below the normal
and nearly all of it fell during the last half of the month. Traces
of snow fell early in the month and also on the last day of the
month.

The total wind movement was about eighty per cent of the
normal and but one gale was recorded. The amount of sunshine
was unusually small, especially during the last half of the month.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
H. BERMAN, Acting Observer.

BULLETIN No. 360.

DECEMBER, 19 18

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N, Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 5 1 ft- Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height oj Wlfid Instniments y2 ft. Time used, y<jthMer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.38, 19th, 9 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.20, 4th, 12 M
Reduced maximum reading . . 30.70, 19th, 9 A
Reduced minimum reading, . 29.51, 4th, 12 M

Mean semi-daily reduced 30-i3o

Monthly range 1.19

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 520, 2ist, 3 p

Lowest -3.0, 7th, 9 A

Mean hourly 2S.7

Mean of means of max. and niin 29.3

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 26.2

Monthly range 55-o

Highest mean daily 46.8, 22d

Lowest mean daily 12.0, 7th

Mean maximum 36.5

Mean minimum 22.0

Mean daily range 14.5

Greatest daily range 28.0, 21st

Least daily range 5.0, 14th, 25th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 22.9

Mean force of vapor 159

Mean relative humidity . . 84.5

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 2.95

Total snow, in inches 7'j

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 11

Days of sleighing, 10

•Temperature in ground shelter.
••Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 3239 m

Greatest daily movement 348m, ist

Least daily movement 4m, 20th

Mean daily movement 104 m

Mean hourly velocity 4-3 ni

Maximum pressure per square foot, i r.o lbs =

49m per hour, ist, 4 A, N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m per

hour, ist, I A, W.N.W.
Prevailing direction. West Northwest.

Summary.

Southwest 10 per cent.

South Southwest 10

West Northwest 16

North 13

West 10

Northwest 19

North Northwest 13

Other directions 9

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 55 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . .125 hours = 44 per cent

Number of clear days 11

Number of fair days 9

Number of cloudy days 11

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 158 hrs, = 56 per cent
Kain. ist, 6th, nth, 13th, 14th, 15th, 22d,

24th, 25th.
Snow, ist, 3d, 4th, 6th, 7th, nth, 26th, 27th.

31st.
Hail. nth.
Gales, 35 miles or more per hour 47 m.,

ist, N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Teni

perature

. Ground Shelter.

11

Q

S

3

E

»<

e

3

s

'S

s

'rt

£

3
g

ri

£

£

3

g
'c
S

Mean of
Max. and
Min.

M ean

Hourly

Draper.

Mean
Sensible
Wet Bulb.

3 3
Ot«

a:-

o'.Sf

I

30.27

29.54

30.000

33-0

4A

17.0

12 P

25.0

256

18.3

8.3

2

30.29

29.94

30.140

31-0

8:30 P

13-5

7:30 A

22.3

226

20.0

6-5

3

29.94

29.68

29.809

35.0

3^

27.5

2 A

3'.3

305

29.0

5-'

4

29.68

2951

29.558

37.0

4 P

28.0

10 A

32-5

31-2

28.5

5.0

5

29-95

2963

29.864

32.5

8a

22.0

8p

27-3

28.4

25.0

6.3

6

30.22

29.61

29.884

27.5

2 P

12.0

12 P

19.7

20.5

180

6.5

7

30-33

29.96

30.192

23-0

8 P

-3-0

9A

10. 0

12.0

II. 5

2.0

8

29.96

29.71

29.830

32.5

4P

20.5

0 A

26.5

25.7

24.3

0.5

9

30.04

29-75

29.806

43-5

I p

28.0

6 A

35-7

35.1

29.7

8.0

lO

30-53

30.04

30.306

31.0

0 A

14.0

12 P

22.5

20 2

12.5

8.0

ii

30.58

3035

30512

26.5

12 P

9-5

6 A

18.0

17.4

19-3

0.4

12

30.40

30.29

30.355

38.0

3P

26.5

0 A

32-3

31-6

305

65

'3

30-41

30.25

30.365

34-0

3P

26 0

6a

30.0

30.8

300

4.3

14

30-25

29.88

30 078

370

2 F

320

I A

34.5

34-5

34.0

2.8

'5

30.28

29.85

30.092

43.0

2 P

31.0

12 P

37-0

37-6

.39-0

3-5

i6

30-5 •

30.28

30476

36.0

3P

31-0

0 A

33 5

33-3

32-3

4-5

'7

3058

30.42

30.522

40.0

3 P

27.0

' 12 P

33.5

31-8

26.3

8.3

i8

30.69

30-54

30-659

40.0

3P

22.0

8 A

31 0

283

23 0

7-7

'9

30.70

3059

30.650

41.5

3P

150

7:30 A

28_J_

252

17-5

8.2

20

30.62

3048

30.580

45.0

3:30 p

i8.o

7:30 A

3'. 5

293

23-7

8.0

21

30.48

30.38

30.432

52.0

3P

24.0

6 A

38.0

34-5

3'-o

7-7

22

3038

2999

30 202

50 0

12 P

27.5

3 A

387

37.6

407

1-3

23

30.20

2992

30.116

50 0

0 A

370

12 P

43.5

46.8

44 7

7.8

24

30-19

29.62

30-037

41.5

5 P

28.0

7A

34.7

34-4

33 3

2.8

25

29.68

29-53

29.572

40.0

5P

350

9A

37.5

36.1

350

0.4

26

29.95

29.68

29.827

360

3 A

26.5

12 P

3' 3

3I-7

29.0

I.O

27

30.08

2995

30.048

28.5

2 p

19.5

8:30 A

24.0

24.5

21.7

8.0

28

2995

2970

29.820

3'5

2 p

19 0

12 P

253

24.0

20.5

6.5

29

30.04

29.69

29 850

335

3P

18.0

2 A

25.7

22.6

19-3

30

30

30.30

30.04

30.215

35-0

4:30 p

16.0

2 A

2S-5

25.6

233

8.5

31

30-33

30-13

30.225

27.0

12 p

15-5

8:30 A

21.3

21.9

20 5

O.I

DAILY SUMMARY.

Wind.

Precipitation.

.^

tlH

be •

S 3 cr

a.

5-=

•? r.'^^

v 5

4)

1) 1.

HS.S

rt <u >-

n:^ o

H

I

7.0

120

53

5

N.

348

II.O

47

4A

3A

4:30 A

.02

T

2

13-5

128

67

5

N.W.

61

0.5

10

7 P

3

24.0

172

79

0

S.

34

0.0

—

—

0 A

5 A

06

i

4

230

170

74

0

W.N.W.

32

i-S

17

12 p

II P

12 P

T

T

5

21.5

•45

84

0

W.N.W.

259

3-0

24

2 P

6

15-5

106

85

0

N.N.W.

181

30

24

3 P

0 A

I P

.40

6

7

8.5

083

89

5

s w.

81

0-5

10

3P

1:30 P

3P

T

T

8

22.5

136

91

0

s.s.w.

32

0.0

—

—

9

24.5

.85

74

5

N.W.

154

2.0

20

2 p

lO

7.0

084

73

5

N.

298

5-5

33

II A

II

17-5

no

92

0

N.N.W.

45

0.0

—

—

I P

II p

.48

•i

12

28.5

J75

92

5

W.N.W.

86

0.0

—

—

'3

28.5

170

95

0

W.

5

0.0

—

—

2 P

12 p

.20

'4

32.5

198

95

0

WN.W.

«9

0.0

—

—

0 A

12 p

.76

•5

380

243

94

0

N.N.W.

76

I.O

14

I A

0 A

6 p

.11

i6

300

190

90

5

N.

124

I.O

14

II P

•7

195

160

68

0

N.N.E.

282

2.0

20

4 A

i8

19.5

134

81

0

N.

123

05

10

I P

>9

14.5

103

84

5

W.

18

0.0

—

—

20

21.0

140

87

5

s.w.

4

0.0

—

—

21

29 0

18s

90

0

s.s.w.

41

0.0

—

—

22

390

272

93 5

s s.w.

28

"■5

10

9P

I P

12 P

.25

23

430

3'2

890

N.W.

160

2.0

20

I P

24

32 0

196

95 5

N.N.E

■58

0.0

—

—

9 A

12 p

■51

25

330

213

89.0

N W.

102

I.O

14

6 P

0 A

2 p

•'5

26

27.0

166

89-5

W.N.W.

186

1-5

17

7 P

12 M

I p

T

T

27

19.0

124

870

W.

84

I.O

14

I A

12 M

6 p

T

T

28

'7 5

118

82.5

N.N.W.

69

I.O

14

I P

29

16.0

1 1 1

860

N.W.

99

I.O

14

3 P

30

195

136

78.5

s.w.

121

20

20

I p

31

18.0

118

86.0

N.W.

29

0.0

8:30 A

4 P

0.1

T

'•Kain or melted snow at base of tower.

'Included in following day.

Annual Summary for 1918.

Pressure.

Maximum reduced to freezing, . .

Minimum reduced to freezing,

Maximum reduced to freezing and sea-level,
Minimum reduced to freezing and sea-level, . . .
Mean semi-daily reduced to freezing and sea-level

Annual range

*Air Temperature. In degrees Fahr.

Highest loc.o, Aug. 7th, 3 P.

Lowest, —22.5, Feb. 2d, 6 A.

Mean hourly, 46.5

Mean of means of max. and min., 46.9

Mean sensible (wet bulb), •41-9

Annual range, 122.5

Highest mean daily, 81.7, Aug. 7

Lowest mean daily, —9-1- Feb. 5

Mean maximum, SS.o

Mean minimum, 35-8

Mean daily range, 22.2

Greatest daily range, 44-5. Apr. 15

Least daily range 3-5. Nov. 20

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 37-8

Mean force of vapor, 380

Mean relative humidity, 76-4

Wind.

Total movement 50.435 m

Greatest daily movement 606m., March 3

Least daily movement 4 m., Dec. 20

Mean daily movement, 138 m

Mean hourly velocity, ... 5.7 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 20.0 lbs.,

63 m. per hour, Feb. 26, 3 p., VV.N.U .
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 45 m. per

hour, Feb. 26th, i p., VV.N.W.

Prevailing direction, West.

Summary.

South Southwest i6perce

South 15 " "_

Northwest " "

North Northwest, to "

North 9 "

Other directions, 39 "

In inches.

30.38, Dec. 19th, 9 A.

28.. 52 Jan. 15th, I p.

30.70, Feb. 2ist, 12 p. Dec. 19th, 9A.

28.84, Jan. 15th, I P.

30-023

1.86

Precipitation. In inches.
Total precipitation, rain or melted snow, . 37.47

Snow total in inches, 504

Number of days on which .01 or more rain
or melted snow fell, 123

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed 47 per cent.

Total cloudiness recorded by Sun Thermom-
eter, 1920 hrs.^43 per cent.

Number of clear days, 106

Number of fair days, 151

Number of cloudy days 108

Bright Sunshine-
Number of hours recorded, 2532 hrs.=57 per cent

Dates of Frosts.

Last April 26th

First, ^ept. nth

Dates of .Suow.

Last April 13th

First Nov. 4th

Total days of sleighing 79

Gales of 50 or More Miles Per Hour.

Feb. 4th. 57m., W.N.W.: Feb. 20th, 57m, N.W.;
Feb. 25th, 53m., S.W.: Feb. 26th, 631.1, WN.W.;
March 3d, 60m., N W.

"Temperature in ground shelter.

H. BEAMAN,

Acting Observer.

J. E. OSTRANDER,

Meteorologist.

BULLETIN No. 351.

JANUARY, 1919

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, ^i ft. Above sea level, 2'/j.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments y 2 ft. Time used, y^th Mer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.34, 12th, g a
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.02, 24th, 5 A
Reduced maximum reading . . 30.68, 12th, 9 a
Reduced minimum reading, . 29.33, 24th, 5 A

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.008

Monthly range 1.35

*Air Temperatnre. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 540, 2d, 3 A

Lowest -8.^, 12th, 7:30A

Mean hourly 28.1

Mean of means of max. and min 28.7

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 25.1

Monthly range 62.5

Highest mean daily 39.5, 2d

Lowest mean daily 3.5, 12th

Mean maximum 37,7

Mean minimum ". . 19.8

Mean daily range 18.0

Greatest daily range 34.5, 13th

Least daily range 4-5i3d

Hnmidity.

Mean dew point 21. i

Mean force of vapor 156

Mean relative humidity 79.6

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 2.02

Total snow, in inches 6.(

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 8

Days of sleighing, 20

•Temperature in ground shelter.
"Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 4554 m

Greatest daily movement 355m, nth

Least daily movement 10m, ist

Mean daily movement 144 m

Mean hourly velocity 6.o°m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 12.0 lbs =

50m per hour, nth, 7 A, N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36m per

hour, nth, 7 a, N.W.
Prevailing direction. West.

Summary.

Southwest 13 per cent.

South -Southwest 10

West Northwest 23

West 10

Northwest 10

West Southwest 10

Other directions 24

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 52 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . .128 hours = 44 per cent

Number of clear days 9

Number of fair days 13

Number of cloudy days 9

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 166 hrs, = 56 per cent

Rain, ist, 2d, 23d, 24th.

Snow, 2d, 3d, 4th, 7th, 8th, gth, 17th, 29th.

3'st.
Gales, 35 miles or more per hour I35ni.,

loth, N.W.;1 50m, nth, N.W.; 37m, 24th,

W.N.W.; 36m, 31st, N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

rt X c

lU ni.-

oj o 2

3 3
0(/)

I

2

3
4
5
6

7
8

9
lo
II

12

'3
14
15
■ 6

•7
18

'9
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

27
28
29
30
31

30.11
30.07
30.04
30.27
30.50
30-49
30-49
30.26
29 90
30.12

3052
30.68

30-59
30-14
30-03
3005
3003
29.90
30.07
30.21
30.28
3030
30.21
29.72
29.92
29.86
29.95
29.98
29.75
29.85
29.82

29.72

29.863

53-0

12 P

27.0

0 A

29.67

30.020

54-0

3A

32-5

12 P

29.83

29.908

32-5

DA

28.0

12 P

2987

30-043

28.5

0 A

II. 0

12 P

30.27

30.483

29.0

3:30?

2.0

7:30 A

3035

30-445

27.0

4 P

50

12 P

30.26

30403

32.0

8:30?

5.0

0 A

29.90

30.048

36.5

4:30 P

26.0

12 P

29.50

29655

33-5

4 P

20.0

12 P

29.72

29.982

24.0

12 P

-0.5

7:30 A

2979

30.224

33-5

6:30 A

'-5

12 P

30-52

30.660

18.5

4P

-8.5

7:30 A

30-14

30.361

30.0

4:30 p

-45

7:30 A

29.84

29935

40.0

3:30 p

26.0

0 A

29.80

29933

39-0

3P

255

12 P

29.94

30038

45-0

4 P

22.5

3A

29.83

29.948

45.0

3:30 P

230

7:30 A

29.63

29.746

39-5

4:30 P

26.0

8a

2967

29.882

43-0

3P

24.0

2 A

3004

30.128

45.0

4 P

18.5

7:30 A

3003

30.239

40.5

3P

20.0

7:30 A

30 2 1

30254

3«-5

9:30 p

32.0

0 A

2954

29.938

39 5

5A

34-0

9:30 P

2933

29511

39-5

9 A

23-5

12 P

29.72

29882

40-5

3:30 p

22.0

7 A

29.66

29.854

45.0

4P

25-0

7:30 A

2975

29.878

.3«-5

II A

300

6:30 A

2973

29.879

47 -o

3 P

295

7:30 A

29-5«

29.670

3«-5

4 P

30.0

8a

29.69

29.774

37.0

4 P

29.0

5A

29.69

29751

36.0

2 A

21-5

12 P

337
34-0
32-7
33 5
31 7
303
35-3
36-7
3'-5
31-3
35 -o
34-3
38-7
34-3
3-o_
2K7

-S:

34-3

35-0

395

33-0

.30.3

28.5

21.8

18.7

14.9

8.0

14.5

9-3

15-7

20.5

305

30-5

28.0

27.0

133

10.7

176

15-3

3-5

0.0

12.5

II. 5

33-1

32-5

33-6

30.0

33-7

280

.34-1

28.7

30-4

26.3

34-4

32-3

3' I

245

30-7

26.3

.34-3

•33-5

.36.3

34-7

31.6

283

29 6

25.7

.33-1

28.5

36.0

34-3

3(^-^

300

325

28.0

33-7

303

30.6

26.7

0.0

6.4

3-'
6.7

8.1

6.5

6.0

1-5

0.9

7-5

8.0
5-6
6.2
8.6
4.6
5-8
6-3
8.0

6-9

0.0
0.0
0.8
9.1

7-S
4.0
8.2

3-3
8.0

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

(^

Total in

u*

0

0.

>

11

c .

as

p ^

35;g

£ 2 a-

1-1

be

c

'S

Inc

les.

1

3^

S5S

m 4) 3

> <v
CL.Q

■5 ^^

.2 =
.- 0

S
H

f

'■5

a
W

0

I

34-0

209

97-5

W.

10

2.0

20

12 P

I A

12 P

.46

2

295

213

77-5

N.W.

224

2-5

22

4A

DA

12 P

.19

h

3

25-5

164

87.0

N.

158

1-5

17

10 A

OA

II A

•30

5

4

12-5

"5

730

N.W.

178

3-0

24

I P

6a

10:30 A

•05

k

5

3-0

070

74.0

S.W.

54

05

10

11 P

6

6-5

072

84.0

N.

153

2.0

20

6p

7

18.5

125

91.0

W.

53

I.O

14

Sp

8 A

II A

T

8

28.0

180

85-5

s.s.w.

180

1-5

17

7A

6 a

II A

.04

i

9

23-5

158

84.0

S.W.

136

5-5

33

II P

I p

3 P

1'

10

6.0

084

76.5

S.W.

3'4

6.0

35

3A

II

9-5

108

72.0

N.N.W.

355

12.5

50

7 A

12

-30

047

85.0

W.S.W<

61

0-5

10

0 A

'3

15.0

094

865

W.S.W.

37

1-5

17

8p

14

30.0

195

85-5

S.

100

0-5

10

3A

'5

26.0

i«3

77 -o

WN.W.

252

4-5

30

5 i-

16

22.0

175

70.0

W.S.W.

215

30

24

2 P

«7

24.0

184

74.0

S.S.E.

109

25

22

6 A

11:30 A

12 M

T

18

22 0

155

78.0

N.W.

21

0.0

—

—

'9

25-5

267

71.0

W.N.W.

152

3-0

24

II A

20

19-5

149

76.0

S S.W.

104

1.0

14

6 p

21

23-5

152

865

S.S.E

61

0.0

—

—

22

30.5

204

860

S.

65

0.5

10

5 i^

23

33-5

206

95-5

S.S.W.

44

0.0

—

8a

12 P

.83

24

235

181

73-5

N.N.W.

273

7.0

37

12 M

0 A

2 A

•13

25

22.5

150

83.0

W.N.W.

193

2.5

22

2 A

26

240

175

74-5

W.

46

2.5

22

6 p

27

30.0

216

77.5

W.N.W.

339

50

32

10 A

28

225

193

66.5

S.W.

117

1.0

14

2 A

29

22 0

172

7> 5

W.N.W.

45

1.0

14

II P

8a

8:30 A

T

T

30

24.0

193

69.0

W.N.W.

192

2.0

14

1 P

31

21.5

160

75.0

W.N.W.

313

6.5

36

6p

10 A

10 P

.02

k

' Kain or melted snow at base of tower.

♦Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during the month presented a marked contrast to that
of a year ago, when such abnormally low temperature prevailed.
While the month was not as cold as usual it was not marked by any
especially warm periods. Zero weather was noted on two dates near
the middle of the month.

The precipitation was much less than the normal. A rain storm fol-
lowed by about six inches of snow occurred the first part of the month.
The snow remained until a rather heavy rain storm on the 23d, which
was practically the last storm of the month.

The record of the several weather elements compared with the
normals shows the following features of interest : The mean barom-
eter was rather low and the range of pressure less than usual. The
pressure during the last half of the month was considerably lower
than during the first half. The record for the month was during the
high barometer on the 1 2th. The maximum pressure was slightly
less than the normal and the minimum pressure was comparatively
high.

The mean temperature was more than three degrees above the
normal, and the range a little greater than usual. The minimum
temperature was slightly lower than the average value for this
feature.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both higher than
usual.

The total precipitation was about sixty per cent of the normal, and
comparatively little of it occurred as snow.

The total wind movement was below the average, and but few
gales were noted. Much of the wind was from a westerly direction.

The amount of sunshine was considerably greater than usual.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
A. L. CHANDLER, Observer.

1/

BULLETIN No. 352.

FEBRUARY, 1919

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N, Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer ahoDe ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments y 2 ft. Time used, j^ihMer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.11, 20th, 9 a
Minimum reduced to freezing, 2S.96, 15th, 2 p
Reduced maximum reading . . 30.43, 20th, 9 a
Reduced minimum reading, . 2927, 15th, 2 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.963

Monthly range i.i6

*Air Temperatnre. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 49.0, 13th, 3 P

Lowest 8.5, nth, 7:30A

Mean hourly 28.4

Mean of means of max. and min 28.7

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 24.2

Monthly range 40-5

Highest mean daily 36.5, 24th

Lowest mean daily 19.7, 11 h

Mean maximum 37-4

Mean minimum 20.0

Mean daily range 17.4

Greatest daily range 36.0, 13th

Least daily range 4.0, 14th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 20 2

Mean force of vapor 149

Mean relative humidity 78.6

Precipitatiou. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 2, So

Total snow, in inches 11 j

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell S

Days of sleighing, 3
•Temperature in ground shelter.
"Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 5031 m

Greatest daily movement 43om, 19th

Least daily movement 26m, 13th

Mean daily movement i8om

Mean hourly velocity 7-5 nn

Maximum pressure per square foot, 8.5 lbs

4ini per hour,24th, lOA, W.N.W.
Maximum velocity for ; minutes, 30m per

hour, 24th, loA, W.N.W.
Prevailing direction. Northwest.

Summary.

Northwest 29 per cent

North Northwest 21 " "

North 14 " "

West Northwest 11 '' "

Other directions 25 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 38 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . So hours = 27 per cent

Number of clear days 17

Number of fair days 7

Number of cloudy days 4

Brii(ih< Sunshiue.

Number hours recurded, 216 hrs, = 73 per cent

Rain. 4th, 14th, 25th, 26th, 2Sth.

Snow, 4th, 14th, 2ist, 22d, 23d, 25th, 26th.

Hail. 14th.

Gales, 35 miles or more per hour : 39m.,
ist, N.N.W.: 35m, 2d, N.W.; 35m, iSth,
N.N.W.: 40m, 19th, N.W.: 4ini, 24th,
W.N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

01

Sea Level.

Tern

perature

Ground Shelter

vt-i f"

©2

(4

s

E
'c

'3

E
3
E

E

E

3

V

£

-a

c •

V 3

2 ca!

3 3
o'.Sf

Q

IS

'S

^■^

s

H

s

P

a; 0 !_,

•7 t.

I

29.86

29.77

29.838

31.0

4P

17.0

7:30 A

24.0

23-5

19.7

9-S

2

30.10

29.84

29-994

40.0

3:30 P

21.5

0 A

30.8

28.4

23-7

9.0

3

30-17

3007

30 120

47.0

4:30 P

19-5

6 A

33-3

29.8

237

^■5

4

30.07

29.72

29888

36.5

6:30 P

18.5

7:30 A

27-5

27-9

267

6.3

5

29.81

29.68

29-770

370

12 M

23-5

12 P

29.7

31-1

26.5

9.2

6

29.91

29.81

29895

33-5

2:30 P

17.0

7:30 A

25-3

26.3

23-3

8.5

7

30.10

29.91

30.062

37 -o

3:30 P

22.5

6a

297

28.8

24-3

9-3

8

30.12

2997

30.052

36.0

3:30 P

17-5

5:30 A

26.7

27.0

245

7.0

9

30.01

29-93

30.005

36-5

3:30 P

19.0

12 P

27-7

26.5

203

9-4

lO

30.04

29.92

30036

31.0

4:30 P

15.0

7 A

23.0

21.5

17.7

9-5

II

30.12

2997

30086

33-5

4 P

8.5

7:30 A

21.0

197

14.5

9-9

12

3005

29.91

30.000

40.0

4P

9.0

7 A

24-5

21.9

16.7

9.0

13

30.02

29.88

29.969

49.0

3P

13.0

7:30 A

3'-o

309

23.0

9.1

14

2990

29-37

29558

35-0

3P

3'-o

7 A

33-0

33-2

32.0

0.0

•5

29.38

2927

29325

39-0

4P

32.0

8a

35 5

34-9

32.7

30

16

29.74

29.3S

29.629

37 5

0 A

235

5 P

305

30.9

25-3

7-7

'7

29.88

29-74

29.825

355

2:30 P

20 0

7:30 a

27-7

27.0

235

1 0.0

18

30.02

2979

29.900

36.0

3P

20.0

7:30 A

28.0

26.8

23-7

8.5

•9

30-33

3002

30250

350

3:30 p

18.0

7:30 A

26.5

23-9

20.0

10.2

20

30-43

30.28

30.370

41-5

3:30 P

13-5

7:30 A

27-5

27-9

24 0

10.3

21

3032

30.10

30 244

30.0

12 M

21.0

6:30 A

25-5

262

237

^•5

22

30.20

3000

30.109

38.5

2:3c P

27.0

0 A

32-7

32-7

3'-7

6.9

23

3000

29.67

29.741

40.0

9P

32.0

7 A

36.0

35-3

33-5

6.8

24

30-15

29-77

30-034

42.5

3:30 P

275

12 P

350

36.5

31-3

9.1

25

30-17

29.67

30.004

390

5P

18.0

7A

28.5

30.2

27-3

7.6

26

3020

2957

29.829

35-5

0 A

195

12 P

275

28.7

24.5

8.2

27

30.25

30.20

30.2^3

32.0

4:30 P

14.0

7 A

23 0

22 8

•93

9-1

28

30.27

2996

30.188

430

12 P

20.5

6a

31-7

33-6

20.0

1.4

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

£

Tot

al in

Q

0

0.

>

■-'3

c .
1) (/I

c 3 a-

0.

be

c

c

bi

Inc

les.

|_

Q

So, i

^ 0

(U J) 3

't5 tj

5>i
0 0

rt <U I-

J =

.- 0

£

ca

c
■B

w

"is

0

B

I

14.0

119

74-5

N.W.

332

7-5

39

4 P

2

18.5

142

71.0

N.N.W.

324

60

35

I A

3

17.0

145

69.0

N.N.W.

125

1-5

17

7A

4

24.5

156

88.0

N.N.W.

42

I.O

14

7 P

2:30 p

9P

.02

T

5

21.5

162

72 5

N.W.

252

4.0

28

1 p

6

20.5

135

84.5

W.N.W.

1(^5

4.0

28

II A

7

21.5

i3«

85.0

W.N.W

148

2 0

20

12 M

8

21.5

143

85.0

S W.

55

0.0

—

—

9

16.5

118

79-5

N.N.W.

105

2-5

22

II A

lO

14.5

106

8..5

N.

291

4.0

28

12 M

II

10. 0

093

80.0

N.

i3i

2-5

22

12 M

12

10.0

107

66.5

W.N.W.

43

0-5

10

4P

'3

15-5

148

660

E.S.E.

25

05

10

9P

14

30.0

1 88

90.0

E.N E.

77

0 0

—

2 A

6p

.56

4

'5

29.5

196

86.0

N.

52

0.0

—

—

i6

ig.o

154

67.0

N.W.

334

4.5

30

I p

'7

19.0

137

760

N.W.

3'9

4.5

30

I p

i8

19.5

139

79-5

N.N.W.

167

6.0

35

10 p

'9

14.5

118

73.0

N.W.

430

8.0

40

4 P

20

19.5

142

790

N.

194

35

26

2 P

21

19-5

138

81.0

N.N.W.

<^5

0-5

10

10 A

I P

12 p

.20

3

22

30.0

184

93-0

S.E.

7b

1.0

14

7 P

0 A

4A

.12

Id

23

29.0

213

79.0

N.W.

137

40

28

7 P

4A

12 M

96

6

24

23-5

205

61.5

N.W.

406

8.5

41

10 A

25

22.0

170

75-5

s.s w.

61

1.0

14

6 p

7:30 P

12 P

.46

i

26

205

148

765

N.W.

320

55

33

4 P

0 A

4 A

.42

i

27

14-5

116

75.0

w

^73

2.0

20

2 P

28

31.0

219

86.0

s.s.w.

121

1.0

14

12 M

5 P

12 P

.06

'Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

♦Included in following day.

REMARKS

During the month of February the weather was generally pleas-
ant with an unsually large number of bright sunshining days. Only
four days were classed as cloudy, and more than one half the days
were clear. No zero weather was noted and the temperature was
considerably above the normal. The ground was practically free
from snow until the last week of the month. The precepitation was
very small until the last week, when a considerable amount occurred.

The records of the several weather elements show the following
features of interest : The mean borometer was low for mid-winter,
and the range considerably less than the normal. The maximum
pressure was considerably lower than the normal for this feature.
The total wind movement was slightly more that the normal, and the
direction was from the northwest quadrant most of the time.

The mean temperature was above four degrees higher than the
normal, and the range only about two-thirds of the normal amount.
This was largely due to the fact that the minimum temperature was
nearly seventeen degrees higher than the average value for this
feature. The period between the maximum and minimum tempera-
tures of the month was less than two and one-half days.

The mean dew point was about three degrees above the normal,
and the relative humidity was nearly normal.

The total precipitation was about one-half an inch less than the
normal, and the greater part occurred as rain. A heavy snow fall
occurred during the last week of the month, but it melted rapidly, so
that there was but little sleighing.

The number of hours of sunshine recorded was greater than any
previous record for February at this station.

The month closed with a drizzling rain in progress, and a rather
high temperature.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
A. L. CHANDLER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 363.

MARCH, 1919

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48,5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, ^i ft. Above sea level., ^73-5 ft'
Height oj Wind Instntments Y2 ft. Time used, y^thMer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressnie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.61, 15th, 8 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 28. 89, 2Sth, 12 m
Reduced maximum reading . . 30.92, 15th, 8 a
Reduced minimum reading,2q.2o, 28th, 12 m

Mean semi-daily reduced 3o-ii5

Montlily range 1.72

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 68.0, 2ist, 3 p

Lowest 12.0, 14th, 7A

Mean hourly 37 8

Mean of means of max. and min 38.5

Mean sensible (wet bulb) ' 33.-

Monthly range •. 56.0

Highest mean daily 55.6, 21st

Lowest mean daily 23.5, 29th

Mean maximum 48. i

Mean minimum 28.8

Mean daily range 19.3

Greatest daily range 38.5, 26th

Least daily range 4.5,16th

Hnmidity.

Mean dew point 26.8

Mean force of vapor 226

Mean relative humidity 70.6

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 4.22

Total snow, in inches 2.0

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 11

Days of sleighing. None

•Temperature in ground shelter.
••Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 7361 m

Greatest daily movement 580m, 29th

Least daily movement 27m, 17th

Mean daily movement 237m

Mean hourly velocity 9.9 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 14.0 lbs

53m per hour, 28th, lop, N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30m per

hour, 28th, 7P. N.W.
Prevailing direction. Northwest.

.Summary.

Northwest 10 per cent

North Northw^est 13 " "

North 19 " "

West Northwest 13 •' "

South Southwest 10 " "

Other directions 35 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 51 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 139 hours = 37 per cent.

Number of clear days 12

Number of fair days 12

Number of cloudy days 7

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 232 hrs,= 63 per cent.

Rain. ist,5th. 9th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th,
27th, 2Sth, 29th, 31st.

Snow. l6th, 2Sth, 29th, 30th, 31st.

Hail. 28th.

Gales, 35 miles or more jjer hour : 39m.,
ist, S.W.; 45m, loth, W.N.W.: 36m, 22d,
N.; 53m, 28th, N.W.; 4;m, 29th, N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

rt (j ci

rt 3 rt

4) O 2

11 3
d> C 0)

>£ a
3 3

0[/)

I

30.14

29.78

29-975

50.5

12 M

30.5

12 p

40.5

2

30.22

30.07

30.172

46.5

5P

235

7:30 A

35-0

3

30.18

30.05

30.155

53.5

4P

26.0

7:30 A

39-7

4

30.18

29.85

30.044

57.0

3P

27.5

7:30 A

42.3

5

29.85

2955

29.659

54-5

3:30 p

38.0

7 A

46.3

6

30.26

29.66

30.125

42.5

4P

25.0

7:30 A

337_

7

3036

30.23

30-319

41.0

3P

22.0

5 A

31-S

8

3058

30.36

30522

51.0

4P

26.0

7:30 A

38.5

9

30.46

29.46

29.767

43-0

12 P

31-5

3A

37-3

10

30.04

2947

29887

430

4P

33-5

12 P

38-3

II

30-17

29.96

30.075

45-0

3 P

31.0

6a

38.0

12

303'

30.07

30.210

5'-o

4:30 P

27.0

6:30 A

39-0

'3

30.59

30.03

30.334

48.0

9A

22.0

i2 P

35 -o

'4

30.79

3059

30.761

37-0

4:30 p

12.0

7 A

-^475"

'5

30.92

30.79

30862

45.0

4 P

15.0

6:30 A

30.0

16

30.83

30.61

30732

33-0

0 A

285

7A

30.7

'7

30.61

30.14

30.322

37.0

3:30 P

32.0

0 A

34.5

18

30.14

29.92

29-974

46.5

3F*

32.0

2 A

39-3

'9

30.40

30.1 I

30.252

40.5

8:30 P

35-0

10:30 A

37-7

20

3040

30.30

30348

625

3P

38.0

5 A

^5o..3

21

30.30

30 12

30 166

680

3P

46.0

12 P

57.0

22

30.20

30.16

30.189

51.0

3 P

35-0

12 P

43-0

23

30.21

29.99

30.030

46.0

2 p

33-0

3A

39 5

24

30 21

30.00

30.118

54-C

3P

35-5

12 P

44-7

25

30.27

30.14

30222

61.0

5 P

260

6:30 A

43 5 1

26

30.22

2995

30.075

66.5

3:3c p

28.0

6:30 A

47-3

27

3002

29.52

29742

62.5

2:30 p

42 0

7:30 A

.523L

28

29.52

29.20

29.401

530

2 A

20.0

7:30 P

29

29.80

29.49

29 688

26.0

12 P

•95

7:30 A

22.7

30

29.77

29.67

29738

37-0

2 P

26 0

0 A

315

31

2974

2967

29.708

38-0

3P

27 0

12 P

32-5

430
32.5
36.5

39-8
46 2
336
30.9
36.3
36.2
38.8
358
39-5
36.1
23.8

30.9
31-3
337
38.5
376
50.2
556
41.5
39-8
44-6
42.8
464
5'-5
31-7
235
3^-7
32.0

38.5
27.7
32.0
340
42.5
26.7
26.0
327
35 5
32.7
30.7
32.7
305
180

27 7
30.5
31-7
36.0
37-0
41.7
475
33-7
37.0
33.3
33-5
40.0

457
26.5
230

31-5
27.5

6.2
10.6

9-9
10. 1

7-8
10.9
6.5
9.8
0.0
8.7

5-5
I i.o

8-3
10.3
10.3
03
3-3
0.2
0.0

97
ii.o

9.2

8.5

11.9

11.7

9-3
4.6
o o
8.6
8.3
95

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

uJ

Total in

Q

0

Q.
ci

>

>^

a .

S 2

4)

0.

c

bi

Inches.

1

Q

3 «

V V s

> (U
4) >-

0 °^

n ^ >~

— ■ 0

S

■5

c

c

i

0

c
t/3

,

370

265

86.0

W.N.W.

286

7.5

39

7 A

0 A

9 A

.6

2

22.0

169

71-5

W.N.W.

78

0 0

3

28.5

199

81.5

W.

55

05

10

10 A

4

2S.0

232

68.0

S.W.

167

3-5

26

5 P

5

40.5

301

83.0

S.S.W.

215

2.0

20

5 P

9P

12 P

.02

6

19.0

167

63.5

N.N.W.

238

3-0

24

7A

7

20.5

162

71.0

E.S.E.

"3

0.0

—

—

8

29.0

203

79-5

W.S.W.

lOI

05

10

9P

9

34-0

214

91.0

N.E.

139

1-5

17

12 P

2 A

6p

•43

10

25.0

222

60.5

W.N.W.

438

lO.O

45

10 A

II

23-5

202

f'3-5

N.W.

135

3-0

24

4 P

12

20.5

238

49-5

WS.W.

202

3-0

24

II A

'3

21.0

225

57.0

N.N.W.

355

3-5

26

6a

>4

10.5

116

65 0

N.

277

30

24

9 A

'5

18.0

184

56.0

S.W.

132

0.5

10

3 P

i6

28.0

177

90.0

SS.E.

105

0.0

—

I A

12 P

.26

1

'7

28.5

190

83.0

S.S.E.

27

00

—

—

OA

12 P

52

i8

325

230

82.0

N.E.

81

3-0

24

7 P

0 A

5 P

•13

'9

35-0

232

89.S

N.

323

4.5

30

7 A

8a

9P

.21

20

32-5

347

59°

N.N.E

247

2-5

22

2 P

21

38.5

439

53-5

N.

247

2-5

22

7 P

22

27-5

224

67.5

N.

514

6.5

36

7 P

23

30 0

256

65.0

N.

451

4.0

28

9A

24

17.0

256

385

N.

426

4-5

30

7 A

25

15-5

271

365

N.W.

112

I.O

14

4 P

26

315

304

625

W.S.W.

80

1-5

17

6 P

27

4'-5

35 >

78.0

S.

183

4-5

30

I P

6p

12 p

•15

28

25 5

148

97-5

W.N.W.

419

14.0

53

10 P

0 a

12 p

1.80

\

29

20.5

129

87.5

N.N.W.

580

1 1.0

47

5 A

0 a

6a

.05

i

30

29.0

186

85.0

N.W.

416

30

24

8a

II A

T

31

21.5

169

685

N.N.W.

319

3-0

24

5 A

0 A

4A

.02

h

••Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

•Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during the month was seasonal in most respects, and
the transition from winter to spring was fairly "complete. Early in
the month the snow had disappeared and the frost soon after left the
ground, so that at the equinoctial date plowing could have been done
on the light soils. Later in the month heavy rains and colder
weather made the conditions for spring work on the soil less favora-
ble. The last part of the month was colder than the beginning of
the month. The last few days of the month were marked by heavy
winds and stormy conditions.

The records of the several weather elements show the following
features of interest : The mean barometer was abnormally high,
even for March, and the range of pressure was very large. Owing
to the large fluctuations in pressure, the total wind movement was
much greater than the normal, and much of the high wind was from
the northwest quadrant. The maximum barometric pressure was
very high, for this station.

The mean temperature was more than three degrees higher than
usual, and the maximum was nearly six degrees above the normal for
this feature. The coldest day was near the end of the month.

The mean dew point was nearly normal, and the relative humidity '
about four points lower than usual.

The total precipitation was slightly more than the normal, and
nearly one-half the amount fell during the heavy storm on the
27th to 29th. During the first half the month the precipitation was
rather light.

The amount of bright sunshine was considerably more than the
normal.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
A. L. CHANDLER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 354.

APRIL, 1919

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGllICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 5/7?. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height oj IViTid Instruments J 2 ft. Time used, y^thMer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.07, 22d, Q A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.33, 26th, 3 A
Reduced maximum reading . . 30.37, ,22d 9 A
Reduced minimum reading, 29.65, 26th, 3 A

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.029

Monthly range 0.72

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr

Highest 74.0, 23d, 4-30 P

Lowest 18.0, 2d, 3 A

Mean hourly 45-4

Mean of means of max. and min 45.7

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 40.2

Monthly range 56.0

Highest mean daily 56.0, 23d

Lowest mean daily 25.5, ist

Mean maximum 55.9

Mean minimum 35.4

Mean daily range 20.5

Greatest daily range 38.5, 23d

Least daily range 6.5,10th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 34.0

Mean force of vapor 307

Mean relative humidity 68. i

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 2.37

Total snow, in inches Trace

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 10

•Temperature in ground shelter.
••Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 5374 m

Greatest daily movement 46Sm, 25th

Least daily movement 50m, 5th

Mean daily movement 179m

Mean hourly velocity 7.5 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 9.5 lbs

44m per hour, 25th, 3P, W.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 32m per

hour, nth, 3P, S.S.W.
Prevailing direction. West Northwest.

Summary.

Northwest 20 per cent

West 13 " "

South 10 " "

North Northwest 10 " "

North 13 " "

West Northwest 10 ■' "

South Southwest 10 " "

Other directions 14 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 50 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 153 hours = 38 per cent.

Number of clear days 13

Number of fair days 11

Number of cloudy days 6

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 249 hrs,= 62 per cent.
Rain. 5th, 7th, Sth.gth, loth, nth, 12th, i6th,

24th, 2Sth, 29th.
Snow, 25th.
Frost, ist. 2d, 3d, I5tli, 19th, 22d, 24th, 25th,

26th, 27th.
Gales, 35 miles or more per hour : 43m.,

nth, S.S.W. ; 44m, 25th, W.N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

0

Sea Level.

Temperature

. Groun

a Shelter.

>4- C

S

s

(11

s

a

a

'a

s

3

s

V

S

S
3

s

S S rt

4) "3

2 cv

3 3

o".£?

Q

s

ii

s^

s

H

S

H

0) ra.M

4) 0 1:

^^^

^ffl

I

29.82

29.70

29.778

340

2 P

20.0

12 P

27.0

25-5

21.5

10.6

2

30.00

29.81

29.905

40.0

3:30 P

180

3A

29.0

29.9

24.0

10.3

3

30.09

30.00

30.071

52.0

4P

25.0

6a

38.5

40.2

35-3

I 1.2

4

30.07

30.02

30.066

55.0

2:30 P

38.0

6:30 a

46.5

45-5

42.3

4-5

S

30.05

29.92

29.995

49-5

3P

42.0

7 A

45-7

45.0

42.3

2.1

6

30.00

29.89

29 968

64.0

4P

41.0

5A

52.5

50.0

45-5

9-7

7

30.01

29.82

29.987

64.0

4:30 P

45.0

7 A

54-5

52.5

49-3

5.8

8

30.20

30.01

30.153

68.0

4 P

390

6:30 a

53-5

52.0

41.5

11. 1

9

30-36

30.12

30.302

54-5

4P

42 0

7A

48.3

46.6

40.0

8.2

lO

30.36

30.04

30.265

43-5

9P

37-0

5:30 A

40.3

408

37-0

0.7

II

30.04

29.71

29.857

64.0

3P

42.0

0 A

53-0

54.8

55 3

2.1

12

30.18

2974

30.036

58.0

I P

46.0

12 P

52.0

51.6

46.5

6.0

'3

30.18

29.90

29.960

56.5

0:30 p

42.0

12 P

493

48.5

43-5

5-3

'4

30.08

29.96

30.022

55 -o

4:30 P

38.0

. 5A

46.5

■ 45-5

37-7

12.5

'5

30.17

30.04

30.121

590

4 P

285

6:30 A

43-7

44.0

37-7

II. I

i6

30.29

29.91

30.206

45.0

2 A

36.5

10 A

40.7

38.3

36.0

0.0

'7

29.91

29.75

29.842

595

3:30 P

36.0

5 A

47-7

45.8

42.5

8.4

i8

30.09

29.85

30.005

55-5

2 P

40.5

6a

48.0

47.8

42.5

9.0

'9

30.26

3009

30235

61.0

4P

365

6a

48.7

.47-8

40.5

12.9

20

3025

3002

30.121

65.0

0:3c P

31-0

6:30 A

48.0

50.3

44.5

12.0

21

30.28

30.02

30 179

61.0

4P

42.0

12 P

51-5

51-0

44-3

12.3

22

3037

3019

30.282

695

6 P

33-0

6a

513

51.0

42.3

13.0

23

30.23

30.06

30.147

74.0

4:30 P

35-5

6a

54-7

56.0

50.0

12.8

24

30.05

29-78

29.850

510

0 A

33-0

12 p

42.0

436

40.3

0.0

25

2979

29.67

29.748

33-5

4:30 P

25.0

7:30 a

29-3

29.7

22.3

10.3

26

29.87

29.65

29.694

38.5

5P

24.5

3A

315

32.4

29-3

7.0

27

30.10

29.87

30.034

65.5

5P

29.0

6a

47-3

48.1

45 -o

131

28

30.15

29.90

30070

64.0

1 P

34-5

6a

49-3

48.4

42.5

8.0

29

29.95

29.86

29939

53-0

4P

43-0

5:30 A

480

47-3

41.7

6.5

30

3006

29.94

30.020

66.5

5-30 P

390

6a

52.7

51. 1

43-5

12.4

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

h

Total in

Q

0

a

>

>T3

bio •
■S.2

V in

3 £ g

S 3 a-

0.

bi

c

'S

bi

Inches.

*

0

So, S

4) lU 3

nJ (J

> <u

4) 3
S 0

S

c
'5i

4)

oa

'■tl

a
W

3:'

0

c
in

I

170

126

78.5

N.W.

299

3-0

24

II P

2

17.0

149

63-5

N.W.

281

35

26

2 A

3

28.5

243

66.0

W.

139

3-0

24

4P

4

38.5

293

82.0

S.S.W.

53

0.0

—

s

40.0

284

88.5

N.E.

SO

0.0

—

—

4A

6p

.10

6

42.5

342

81.5

ws.w.

143

I.O

14

12 P

7

4S.0

378

885

s.

98

I.O

14

II P

3A

8a

.07

8

305

358

50.5

N.N.E

173

1-5

17

9A

II p

12 p

05

9

34-0

291

69.5

S.

124

0.0

—

—

0 A

5A

.10

lO

32.0

255

72.0

s.

173

2.0

20

I p

10 A

12 P

.14

1 1

540

456

94.0

S.S.W.

362

9.0

43

5 P

0 A

12 P

■36

12

43-5

353

80.0

N.W.

140

I.O

14

12 M

0 A

8a

.06

'3

37-0

345

64.5

N.W.

116

2.0

20

7 P

'4

27.5

290

52.5

N.N.W.

205

2.0

20

4P

'5

31-0

270

^'5 5

N.N.W.

61

'■5

17

7 P

i6

33-5

223

86.5

E.

151

I.O

14

II A

2 A

12 p

1.29

'7

390

3i>

790

N.

135

0.5

10

4A

i8

35-5

338

630

W.N.W.

138

2.0

20

6p

'9

3' 5

330

56.0

N.N.W.

201

2.0

20

II A

20

37-0

367

62.5

ss.w.

209

5-5

33

2 P

21

36.0

372

58.0

N.

302

3-5

26

7 A

22

30.5

375

490

N.

175

0.5

10

II A

23

42.0

478

58.0

W.N.W.

91

2.0

20

10 P

24

34-5

284

73-5

W.

125

3-0

24

II P

9:30A

8 p

•15

25

9-5

146

48.0

W.N.W.

468

9-5

44

3P

12 M

12 p

T

26

20.5

184

62.5

W.

307

4.0

28

10 A

27

38.5

370

66.0

N.W.

71

I.O

14

12 M

28

36.0

323

68.0

W.

166

5.0

32

4 P

3 P

6p

.05

29

34-5

325

62.0

N.W.

228

2.5

22

5P

4 P

5P

T

30

35 5

358

58.0

N.

190

2.0

20

9A

••Kain or melted snow at base of tower.

*Included in following day.

REMARKS

The seasonal progress, which was considerably ahead of the nor-
mal when the month began, has not been maintained during the
month, and at its close conditions were nearly normal. The cold
period near the end of the month checked early growth and did some
damage to fruit buds in this vicinity. The high wind and low hu-
midity which accompanied the low temperature materially benefited
conditions.

The precipitation during the last part of the month was very light.

The records of the various weather elements compared with their
normals show the following features of interest : The mean barome-
ter was slightly above the normal and the range about two-thirds
the usual amount. Notwithstanding the small range of pressure the
total wind movement was practically normal. The interval between
the high and low barometers of the month was less than four
days. During the last half of the month the wind was from the
northwest quadrant most of the time.

The mean temperature was slightly lower than the normal and the
range less than usual. The maximum temperature wus about five
degrees lower than usual. The minimum temperature came early in
the month, and was more than three degrees lower than the normal
for this feature.

The mean dewpoint and relative humidity were both nearly nor-
mal.

The total precipitation was about four-fifths of the normal, and
more than one-half of it occurred during a single storm. A trace of
snow was noted on the 25th, and high ground visible from this sta-
tion was white with snow.

The amount of bright sunshine was considerably more than usual,
and the number of cloudy days small.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
A. L. CHANDLER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 355.

MAY, !9I9

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, jr ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height oj Wifid Instriime/its ^2 ft. Time used, y^thMer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.14, 6th, 8 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.45, iSth, 9 A
Reduced maximum reading . . 30.44,6th, 8 A
Reduced minimum reading, 29.74, i8th, 9 A

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.9S0

Monthly range 0.70

. *Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 89.0, 29th, 3 P

Lowest '. 33.0, ist, 6 A

Mean hourly 57-6

Mean of means of max. and min 57.4

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 51.7

Monthly range 56.0

Highest mean daily ? 69.4, 29th

Lowest mean daily 43.3, nth

Mean maximum 69 4

Mean minimum 45.5

Mean daily range 23.9

Greatest daily range 41.0, 29th

Least daily range 5.5, 22d

Humidity.

Mean dew point 47.0

Mean force of vapor 480

Mean relative humidity 70.8

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 6.20

Total snow, in inches Trace

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 16

•Temperature in ground shelter.
♦•Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 4290 m

Greatest daily movement 244ni, 5th

Least daily movement 84m, 7th

Mean daily movement 138m

Mean hourly velocity 5.8 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 5.5 lbs

33m per hour, 5th, 12M, W.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 27m per

hour, 5th, I2M, W.N.W.
Prevailing direction, Northwest.

Summary.

North 23 per cent

North NortheastI 16 " "

South Southwest 10 " "

West Southwest 10 "' "

West 10 " "

Other directions 31 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 50 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 171 hours = 38 per cent.

Number of clear days 15

Number of fair days 9

Number of cloudy days 7

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 282 hrs,= 62 per cent.
Rain. 1st, 2d, 4th, 5th, 7th, gth.ioth, nth, 12th

15th, i-'th, 2ist, 22d, 24th, 25th, 26th.
Frost. ISt.

Thunder and Liiihtninii, 4fh.
Gales. 35 miles or more [jer hour : None.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Tern

perature

. Ground Shelter

0)

c4

S
£

i
e

'a

£
3
£
><

ci

£

E

3
E

6

E

T3

3 3
0(/3

0 bi

Q

S

S

^tn

s

H

s

'iZ

sss

si5

^S

I

30.12

29.91

30053

57.0

2 P

33-0

6a

45.0

47.6

44-7

8.3

2

2996 29.81

29.883

68.5

3:30 P

43-5

2 a

56.0

54-3

48.0

8.0

3

30-15

29.95

30079

69.0

4P

43-0

1:30 A

56.0

56.7

48.0

13-3

4

30 '5

2996

29.998

79-5

2 P

45.0

6 A

62.3

60.2

53-7

8.7

S

30.29

29.88

30.043

78.5

II A

46.5

12 P

62.5

62.8

55-5

10.2

6

3044

30.29

30.416

70.0

4P

37-5

5A

53-7

52.7

44-5

13-4

7

30-34

29.89

30.067

56.5

6 P

41.0

5 A

48.7

48.7

45-3

1:2

8

30-17

29.89

30.073

70.0

3:30 P

50.0

5A

60.0

59-1

48.0

12.4

9

3034

30.16

30.311

56.5

6p

49.0

7 A

52.7

52.7

47-7

7-5

lO

3039

30.25

30.361

515

I A

36.5

9:30 p.

44.0

45-5

40.0

0.0

II

3025

3002

30.066

47.0

4P

380

0 A

42.5

43-3

40.7

0.0

12

30.02

29.98

29.992

51.0

6 P

41.5

5A

46.3

46.7

46.3

I.I

•3

30.06

29.95

30.001

77-5

5:30 P

420

6 a

59-7

59-9

53 3

13-7

«4

3000

29.76

29.824

80.0

4P

425

6a

61.3

634

58.5

12.7

15

30.01

2984

29952

60.5

12 M

44.0

6 A

52-3

53-2

44 5

9-7

16

30.06

29.95

29.988

70.0

4 P

38.0

6 a

540

54.6

463

13.0

•7

30-07

29.82

29.909

66.5

3P

46.0

6a

56.3

53-4

49-7

1-7

(8

29.90

2974

29 810

63-5

5 P

45-5

12 P

54.5

560

50.3

11.6

t9

29.05

29.90

29.925

72.5

430P

36.0

6 a

54-3.

57.0

523

13-5

20

29.96

29.85

29-905

76.5

3P

430

6 a

59-3

614

52.0

12.4

21

29.91

2985

29.887

63-5

2:30 P

56.5

12 p

60.0

60.5

';8.o

2.1

22

29.91

29.76

29824

60.0

6p

545

6a

573

57-7

56.3

30

23

29.89

29.79

29.862

74-5

3P

550

6 a

64.7

63.6

57-7

II.O

24

29.95

2988

29.924

73-0

2 p

50.0

.■5:30 A

61.5

6r.o

56.5

8.5

25

29.S8

2977

29799

72.5

4P

540

3A

63-3

59-3

565

70

26

29.83

2979

29.816

77-5

5 P

51.0

4:30 A

64-3

64.9

57-5

12.8

27

30.05

2983

29.912

79.0

5P

54.0

5:30 A

66.5

.65.5

59-5

13-5

28

30.08

30.00

30037

78.0

5-30 P

44-5

6 A

61.3

62.0

55-5

13.2

29

30.02

29.76

29.859

89.0

3P

48.0

6a

685

69.4

58-7

12.2

30

29.94

29.84

29.883

81 0

4P

53-5

6a

673

69 0

58-3

^3-5

3'

29-95

29.87

29.920

82.0

4 P

47-0

6a

64.5

654

58.3

12.5

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

k<

^

o

V

Q

>

C D

c t; 3

rt £

<< Si

rti5 c

rt

v'o

<" 5

Q

So,

SiS

SiSE

Wind.

a,Q

h

^

_ 1)

c .

3 j; g

" o

I

41.0

.328

77.0

2

43-5

•391

74.0

3

. 39-5

.448

52^5

4

505

.496

79.0

5

51,0

•553

68,0

6

345

•39'

530

7

40.0

•379

66.0

8

37-5

•479

47.0

9

43-0

■391

7'^5

lO

35-0

•-93

72.0

( I

36.5

.284

77^5

(2

45-0

■323

93^o

'3

44-5

.487

61.0

'4

54-5

•594

72.5

'S

43 5

•395

74-5

[6

43-0

•425

66.5

'7

48.0

•392

96 5

i8

44 -o

451

5('5

'9

45-5

.511

6[.o

20

44.0

.529

56.0

2 [

56.5

•513

90.5

22

55 5

456

95 5

2 3

56.0

.526

86.0

24

54.0

•514

81.0

-'S

550

.506

85.0

26

52.0

.617

630

27

56.0

.620

71.0

28

505

.558

66.5

29

52.0

.720

590

30

1^2.0

.697

i;4 0

31

53-5

.614

67.5

W.

'03

15

17

w.

121

3^5

26

W.N.W.

233

3 -.5

26

WS.W.

116

2.S

22

N.W.

244

5^5

33

W.

1.37

I.O

14

s.s.w.

84

0.5

10

N.N.W.

184

iS

17

N.NE

95

0.0

E.N.E.

151

1^5

17

N.

231

1^5

17

N.

151

0.5

10

N.

1.30

2.0

20

S.

114

1.0

14

N.N.E.

ISO

1.0

14

SS.E.

1 12

2.0

20

SS.W.

"3

4^5

30

W.N.W.

194

3-5

26

s.w.

1 12

1^5

17

s.

124

20

20

E.N.E.

91

05

ID

N.

88

0.0

S.S.W.

187

4.0

28

WS.W.

125

1-5

17

N N.E.

89

3^5

26

N.

187

2.S

22

N.

128

2 0

20

N.

102

1.0

14

N.W.

99

2.0

20

N.N.E.

189

3^5

26

N.N.E.

126

1.0

14

3P
2 P

1 p

7P

12 M

8 P

6 P

10 A

2 P

3 P

2 A
12 M

3P

4A
8 P
I p

12 M
12 M

3 P

6a

7 P
I p

5 P

11 a

1 p

II a

2 p
I p

10 A

Precipitation.

7 P
O A

2 A
•.30 P

i:30A
:30A

10 A
O A
O A

I A
•.30A

7 A
O A

3 P

4 P
II P

Total in
Inches.

12 P

.16

2 A

••5

12 P

67

4:30 P

.01

3P

.02

3P

.04

12 P

■53

12 P

.04

12 P

•35

12 P

.05

II P

.98

12 P

2-37

12 P

.70

12 P

.08

5 P

.02

12 P

•03

••Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

•Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during the month was disappointing as a whole, al-
though in many respects conditions were nearly normal. A cool
period at the end of the first decade and an excessive rainstorm at
the end of the second decade materially modified the character of
the month from that shown by the means for the month. While
rain was noted on more than one-half the days, the sunshine record
was large. Planting was retarded by excessive moisture in many
places and the seasonal progress was slow.

The records of the several weather elements, compared with the
normals, show the following features : The barometer was rather
steady and the range of pressure was comparatively small. The
mean pressure was practically normal. The total wind movement
was less than the normal and not a single gale was recorded on the
pressure chart. Wind from the North to West points of the com-
pass predominated.

The mean temperature was practically normal, and the maximum
and minimum were both about two degrees above their respective
normals. The minimum was registered on the first morning of the
month, and the only frost noted occurred at that time. The maxi-
mum occurred near the end of the month and the greatest daily range
was noted at that time.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were practically nor-
mal.

The total precipitation was about seventy per cent more than the
normal and nearly one-half of it fell in a single storm.

The percentage of sunshine was the same as for the preceding
month, and about one-half the days were clear.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
A. L. CHANDLER, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 365.

JUNE, 1919

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGIIICULTUIUL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments y 2 ft. Time used, y^thMer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing,3o.22, 12th, S A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.^0, 27th, 2 p
Reduced maximum reading . . 3o.5i,i2tli, 8 A
Reduced minimum reading, 29.78, 27th, 2 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 30-127

Monthly range 0.73

*Air Temperatnre. In Degrees Fahr

Highest loi.o, 3d, 4 p

Lowest 41-5, 23d, 4 A

Mean hourly 68.4

Mean of means of max. and min 68.3

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 61.8

Monthly range . 59-5

Highest mean daily 7S.Q, 3d,4th

Lowest mean daily 52.8, 9th

Mean maximum 81.8

Mean minimum 55.2

Mean daily range 26.2

Greatest daily range 43.5,13th

Least daily range 5.5, 8th

Hamidity.

Mean dew point 58.1

Mean force of vapor 68.

Mean relative humidity 73.9

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 1.09

Total snow, in inches

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 6

•Temperature in ground shelter.
"Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind,

Total movement 3456 m

Greatest daily movement 264m, 28th

Least daily movement 36m, 10th

Mean daily movement 115m

Mean hourly velocity 4.8 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 4.5 lbs

30m per hour, 26th, 3P, S.S.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, i8m per

hour, 26th, 3P, S.S.W.
Prevailing direction. South.

Summary.

South 20 per cent

South Sf)uthwest 20 " "

Southwest 10 •' "

South Southeast 10 " "

Other directions 40 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 43 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 131 hours = 29 per cent.

Number of clear days 14

Number of fair days 12

Number of cloudy days 4

Briiiht Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 326 hrs,= 71 per cent.
Kain,, 6th, 8th, 9th, 15th, 20th, 26th, 27th.
Gales, 35 miles or more per hour : None.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

a>

Sea Level.

Tarn

perature

. Groun

d Slieltei

«^ c

E

3

E

E

3

"S

E
3

E

3

"H

J3

* c

3 3

£

d^

£

4}

S

0)

0 rt

;>' ij

cS'^

K*-

S

'c

is

c4

£

'S

£

rt Xc

fij

S cv

6 '^

Q

S

5

s.j^

s

H

is

H

4) 0 E

Sc^^

Zffl

I

30.05 29.96

30003

76.5

4 P

48.0

5:30 A

62.3

62.8

550

12. 1

2

30.06 29.98

30.013

89.0

5P

505

5:30 A

6q.7

69-3

61.0

I3-I

3

30.17 3006

30.112

101. 0

4 P

60.5

6a

80.7

78.9

73-7

12.8

4

30.18 30.10

30.145

96.5

I P

64.0

5:30 A

80.3

78.9

72.7

1 1-3

5

3016 30.05

30.105

90.5

2 P

65.0

5 A

77.7

77-5

69-3

II. 0

6

30.12 300c

30.07 1

80.0

12 M

635

3A

7'.7

70.3

65.7

105

7

30.26

29.99

30.' 03

87.5

5-.30 P

565

12 P

72.0

71. 1

62 0

1 1.7

8

30-41

30-25

30.368

58.0

2 p

52.5

12 P

553

55-3

51.0

2.5

9

30-37

30-30

30.341

57-5

5 P

51.0

7 A

54.3

52.8

50.0

0.7

lO

3032

30.25

30.30S

81.0

6p

500

3A

65.5

63.2

';9.o

1 1.8

II

20.45

30-33

30.303

82.0

2 p

550

5A

685

68.7

637

12.2

12

30.51

30.40

30.460

830

4 P

520

12 P

67.5

667

53 3

14.0

'3

30-42

30.25

30.327

S7.5

3:30?

44-0

4A

(^5.7

67-3

60.5

13-4

•4

30.25

3004

30. 1 28

85.0

2 P

540

5:30 A

69.5

69.2

62.0

13-2

'5

30.07

29.99

30 028

74.5

5-30 P

60.0

5A

673

678

64-3

8.3

(6

30.05

29.92

29993

89.0

430 P

56.0

5:30 A

72.5

72.7

675

13-4

'7

3009

29.96

30.009

81.5

5 P

64.0

6a

72.7

71 7

67.5

1 0.0

i8

30.24

30.09

30 186

84-5

3:30 P

61.0

5:30 A

727

70.6

643

11.5

'9

30.24

3003

30.126

87.0

3P

60.5

6a

737

7'-3

64.3

II. 7

20

30.03

29-95

29 966

80.0

2 p

610

4 A

70.5

69 0

65.5

8.0

21

30.02

2986

29931

85.0

3:30 P

57.0

6a

71.0

71.0

62.0

14.0

22

30-13

30 02

30.089

68.0

3P

47-5

12 P

57-7

61.0

523

13-7

23

30.11

29.81

29.963

79.0

5 P

41.5

4A

60.3

59.9

53-7

11-3

24

3007

29.94

29-977

94.0

4P

570

5 A

75-5

76.2

69.0

•3-3

25

30.16

30.07

30 '49

860

I p

60.0

6a

730

729

66.3

II. 0

26

30.16

29,92

30036

78.5

3:30 P

63.0

3A

70.7

70.5

69-3

4-5

27

29.96

2978

29.985

72.5

2:30 p

59-0

12 P

65.7

67.8

64-3

38

28

30.20

2996

30.063

71-5

5P

51.0

5:30 A

61.3

60.5

5'-7

13-8

29

30.35

3020

30.2S8

74.0

4 P

435

5 A

58.7

60.1

515

13-7

3°

30-38

30.20

.30.283

84.0

3:30 P

48.5

5A

663

67.0

60.7

13-9

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

fe

Total in

Q .

0

a.

>

M ■
:=.2

as

c 3 a-

1)
ft

b£

c

bi

Inches.

J.

cs

Q

So,

(1) 1) 3

> a>

CL,Q

■^ V —
0 0^

HS.5

rt JJ ^

a;

£

c

'Si

'5
c
W

*

0

a

I

480

.582

58.0

ws.w.

58

0.5

10

7 P

2

55 5

.709

65.0

S.S.E.

48

00

—

3

70.0

.940

79-5

S.W.

48

0.0

—

—

4

705

.952

78.5

s.s.w.

51

0.5

10

5 P

5

655

.869

74-5

s.

142

2-5

22

5 P

6

63-5

■715

835

s.

210

2-5

22

I V

3P

II P

.01

7

58.5

.667

76.0

S.W.

114

2 0

20

5 P

8

48 0

■423

79.0

E.N.E.

121

05

10

6 a

9A

12 P

.01

9

48.0

•392

86.0

E.

54

0.0

—

—

0 A

II P

24

10

57-5

■571

82.0

N.W.

36

0.0

—

—

[I

61.5

.691

78.5

E.NE

61

0.0

—

—

12

43-5

.58.

5'-5

SS.E.

99

0.5

10

II A

'3

55-5

.688

64.5

S.S.E.

56

0.0

—

—

'4

58.0

.707

68.0

S.S.W.

98

I.O

14

6 p

'5

61.5

.708

77-5

S.

81

0.0

—

—

10 A

I i:3oA

T

i6

65.0

.817

750

S.

88

0.5

10

2 p

I?

65.0

.780

8. .5

S.E.

l^

0.0

—

—

i8

62.0

.7.8

7^' 5

S.

87

0.5

10

3 P

'9

62.0

.685

81.0

S.S.W.

163

3-0

24

2 P

20

635

.726

80.0

E.

121

0.5

10

2 P

10 A

5P

.02

21

56.0

.698

82.5

N.N.W.

164

3-5

26

5 P

22

43-5

•556

52.0

N.N.W.

263

3-0

24

2 p

23

49-5

.540

68.5

S.

69

I 5

17

2 p

24

65.0

.926

67.0

S.W.

80

05

10

2 p

25

62.5

.817

70.0

SS.W.

125

2.0

20

3P

26

68.5

.764

89-5

S.S.W.

243

4-5

30

3 P

10 A

12 p

.07

27

635

.650

915

w.

252

2.5

22

I A

OA

6 p

•74

28

46.0

.487

64.0

N.N.E.

264

2.5

22

12 M

29

44-5

.494

590

E.S.E.

114

o-S

10

9A

30

57-5

.63 r

76.0

S.S.W.

71

0.0

••Rain or melted snow at base of tower. • Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during June presented a marked contrast with that
of the preceding month. The precipitation was unusually small and
the only rainfall of any amount occurred near the end of the month.
For more than a month from the 2 2d of May the precipitation was
practically negligible as far as its effect on growing crops was con-
cerned. A moderate storm on June 26th — 27th furnished some re-
lief, but rain was greatly needed when the month closed.

The early part of the month was marked by a period of high tem-
perature— in fact, the first seven days were the hottest part of the
month. The month as a whole was considerably warmer than
usual.

The records of the several weather elements show the following
features of interest: The mean barometer was exceptionally high
for the time of year. Only six days show a mean pressure below 30
inches. The range of pressure was practically normal, and the max-
imum and minimum were both considerably above the normal. The
total wind movement was slightly less than the normal, and no gales
were registered. Most of the wind was from the southwest quad-
rant.

The mean temperature was about two and one-half degrees higher
than usual, and the maximum reading was over 100 degrees for the
first time in June at this station. The minimum temperature was
about a degree above the normal. While a few cool nights were
noted there was no approach to frost at this station.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both slightly
higher than their normal values.

The precipitation was about one-third of the normal amount and
nearly all of it occurred in a single storm.

The amount of sunshine was much greater than usual and only
four days were classed as cloudy.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

G. A. SMITH, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 367.

JULY. 1919

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N, Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2"/^.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments y 2 ft. Time used, y^thMer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressnie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30. 07, gth, 4 a
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.30, nth, i A
Reduced maximum reading . . 30.37, gth, 4 A
Reduced minimum reading, 29.59, nth, i A

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.972

Monthly range 0.78

♦Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 98.0, 4th, 1:30 P

Lowest 49-0, 12th, 5 A

Mean hourly 7i-8

Mean of means of max. and min 71.8

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 65.9

Monthly range 49.0

Highest mean daily 85.4, 5th

Lowest mean daily 61.0, nth

Mean maximum 83.4

Mean minimum 60.2

Mean daily range 23.2

Greatest daily range 43.0, ist

Least daily range 5.5, 22d

Humidity.

Mean dew point 63.5

Mean force of vapor 772

Mean relative humidity 77.1

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 4.17

Total snow, in inches

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 15

•Temperature in ground shelter.
••Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 371901

Greatest daily movement 295m, 22d

Least daily movement 35ni, lyt'i

Mean daily movement 120m

Mean hourly velocity 5.0 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 4.0 lbs

28m per hour, gth, 2P, S.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 21 m per

hour, 28th, IP, S.
Prevailing direction, South Southwest.

Summary.

South 45 per cent

South Southwest 10 " "

Southwest 13 ■' "

North Northeast 10 " "

North 10 " "

Other directions 12 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 45 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 139 hours = 30 per cent.

Number of clear days 15

Number of fair days 12

Number of cloudy days 4

BriiJht Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 323 hrs,= 70 per cent.
Rain. 5th. 6th, 7th, loth, nth. 15th, i6th, iSth,

19th, 2lSt, 22d, 23d, 24th, 26th, 31st.

Thunder and Liiihtniiiii, 6th. loth, nth,

24th, , 26th.
Gules. 35 miles or more per hour : None.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Tern

perature

. Ground Sheltei

0:5

B
3
S

(4

a

3

S

3

^'%

ii

(4

s

V

S

s

'c

(U

s

rt >< c

f^ S "Ti

Set;

Q

S

S

s

H

s

H

i) 0 u

s^^

^m

I

30'22

3007

30.135

94-5

3:30 P

51-5

6a

73-0

72.2

63.0

12.9

2

30.11

29.94

30 022

94-5

4 P

57.5

6a

76.0

74.4

64.7

I3-I

3

29.94

29.83

29.8S8

9^5-5

3P

595

6a

78.0

78.3

70.7

13-8

4

29.91

29.80

29.860

98.0

1:30?

60.0

5:30 A

79.0

80.1

72.0

13-5

5

2990

29.79

29.830

97-5

4 P

6S.0

4:30 A

82.7

85.4

80.0

i'-3

6

29.80

29.75

29.771

84.5

I P

66.0

12 P

75-3

76.0

70.0

5-5

7

3013

29 80

30.033

8i.o

3P

59 5

6a

70.3

69.8

63.3

13.0

8

30-35

30.11

30.236

79-0

43c p

54.0

5:30 A

665

65.6

56.5

12.4

9

30-37

30.06

30.205

78.0

3 P

50.0

5:30 A

64.0

639

58.3

9-5

lO

3006

29.61

29.738

71.0

6p

58.0

6:30 A

64.5

64.9

62.7

3-5

II

29.87

29.59

29732

67.0

2 p

530

12 P

60.0

6r.o

54.7

1 1.6

12

30.00

29.87

29.977

77.0

3:30 P

49.0

5 A

630

656

61.5

11.6

13

3006

29.97

30.015

86.0

5P

59.0

6a

725

720

62.5

12.5

14

30.12

30.04

30 082

88.0

3:30?

54-5

5:30 A

71.3

71.5

62.0

12.3

15

30.10

298S

29.966

730

2 p

6f.5

5 A

67.3

65.3

603

4.4

16

30.02

29.84

29.902

81.0

2:30 p

635

3A

723

70.2

68.3

6.8

'I

30-13

30.02

30.098

82.5

2 p

61.5

4A

72.0

72.5

67.5

11-3

i^

30.22

30. u

30.160

^^•5

3 P

67.5

6a

75-5

74.3

68.7

10.3

'9

30.13

30.01

30.069

85.0

3-30 P

69.0

3A

77.0

74 4

72.0

8.1

20

30.04

3000

30041

830

I p

67.0

5 A

75.0

74-4

71.0

II. 2

21

30.06

30.00

30.034

82.0

2:30 p

695

3 A

75-7

75.1

73-5

6.3

22

30-03

2996

30.000

77.0

2 p

71.5

12 P

74-3

73.5

72.5

4.1

23

30.00

29 89

29.956

83.0

3P

67.0

12 P

750

72.8

68.7

7-6

24

29.97

29.80

29886

87.0

3P

610

5:30 A

74.0

75-2

71.5

12.8

25

30.08

29.84

30.004

84.0

4P

61.0

12 P

72.5

72.1

61.5

133

26

30.18

3000

3O.O7S

765

4P

55.0

5A

65.7

66.1

62.3

6.8

27

30.00

2984

29 930

86.0

4:30 p

580

6 A

72.0

74.1

69.7

11.8

28

29.84

29.74

29779

85.0

3P

70.0

12 P

77.5

78.2

68.0

133

29

2990

2975

29.832

79.0

3P

59.0

5:30 A

69.0

68 8

61.5

12.5

30

30.00

29.90

29.970

82.0

4 P

52.0

5-.30 A

67.0

67.4

61.0

13.5

31

30.0 f

29.82

29.910

83.5

3P

520

6a

677

70.1

63-5

12.8

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

P^

Total in

Q

0
0.
PI

>

>;t3

c .
1) 1«

c 3 CJ

1-1

bi:
c
'c

bi

Inches.

f

Q

3b

OJ ») 3

£5

0 0^

nJ S *-

ji 3
^ 0

£

a
bo
m

'■B

a
W

a
Pi

0

a

I

58.5

752

665

s.

96

0-5

10

10 A

2

61.0

793

67.5

s.

67

00

—

3

680

912

75-5

s.w.

62

I.O

14

I P

4

69.0

997

71.0

s.w.

44

0.5

10

3 P

5

76.5 I

354

67.S

N.W.

77

2.0

20

8p

10 P

12 P

.04

6

78.5

845

83.0

N.N.E.

83

0.0

—

—

0 A

8 p

64

7

59-5

711

72,0

N.N E

110

05

10

9A

0 A

4 A

.10

8

51.0

589

630

N.

i6i

2.0

20

II A

9

54-5

580

730

S.

185

4.0

28

2 P

(O

61.5

60S

91.0

s.s.w.

229

2-5

22

8 p

I A

3 P

•51

II

50.0

524

680

w.

190

•35

26

4 P

9 P

' 12 p

.21

[2

57 5

67.

705

s.w.

107

0-5

10

2 p

'3

575

742

64 0

N.N.E.

63

0.0

—

—

14

570

74'

64.0

s.

48

05

10

7 P

IS

58.0

592

830

s.

178

2.5

22

5 P

9A

12 M

.10

i6

63 0

737

91-5

s.

94

1.0

14

I A

2 A

8a

.38

'7

65-5

771

8,5

s.w.

35

0 0

—

i8

67.5

788

84.5

s.

106

2.5

22

8 P

II P

12 p

.02

'9

71-5

837

2'-5

s.

93

0.5

10

3P

0 A

9A

■93

20

70.0

827

88.5

s.

92

1.0

14

5 P

21

72.5

863

92.5

s.

160

3-5

26

I p

8a

12 p

•17

22

72.0

822

95-5

s.

295

3-0

24

0 A

0 A

5 P

•57

23

68.5

744

91-5

s.

91

I.O

14

I A

2 A

II a

.29

24

69.5

902

S2.0

s.

99

1.0

14

3 P

10 P

II p

■03

25

56.5

710

65.0

N.

122

I.O

14

I p

26

61.0

605

88.5

s.

84

2.0

20

4 P

I P

7 P

.16

27

67.0

891

75.0

s.s w.

102

I.O

14

12 M

28

67.5

971

70.0

w.

222

30

24

3 P

29

57-5

698

67.0

W.N.W.

211

2-5

22

2 p

30

56.5

649

72.0

N.

103

0.0

—

31

60.5

716

740

S.s.w.

110

I.O

14

3P

II P

12 P

.02

**Kain or melted snow at base of tower.

* Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during July was nearly normal in most respects, al-
though a general opinion to the contrary was prevalent. The large
amount of south wind and the rather frequent rains were the main
reasons for misjudging the general character of the month. The
total precipitation, especially, was less than generally expected.

A comparison of the records of the several weather elements with
their normals shows the following features: The mean barometer
was practically normal and the range slightly more than usual. The
maximum and minimum pressures show but small departures from
their normals. The total wind movement was about a hundred miles
more than usual, and the direction was from the south or nearly
south a large part of the time. On but four dates was the total move-
ment over two hundred miles, and not a single gale was recorded on
the pressure chart.

The mean temperature was about one degree higher than the nor-
mal, and the first few days were the hottest part of the month. The
maximum and minimum temperatures were both considerably higher
than their normal values. The mean hourly temperature was above
eighty degrees on but two days, the 4th and 5th.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both considerably
higher than usual, due largely to the south wind.

The total precipitation was nearly normal and the number of
storms large, in fact, rain was recorded on about one-half the days
of the month.

Notwithstanding the numerous rains the amount of sunshine re-
corded was abnormally large.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
G. A. SMITH, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 368.

AUGUST, 1919

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2jj.j ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments Y2 ft. Time used, y^thMer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Ma-ximum reduced to freezing, 29. 99, 12th, 8 A
Minimum redliced to freezing, 29.35, Sth, 3 A
Reduced maximum reading . 30.28, 12th, 8 A
Reduced minimum reading, 29.64, 8th, 3 A

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.944

Monthly range 0.64

*Air Temperaiure. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 88.0, 24th, 2 P

Lowest 43.0, loth, 6 A

Mean hourly 6

Mean of means of max. and min 65. 8

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 60.9

Monthly range 45.0

Highest mean daily 73.0, 7th

Lowest mean daily 57.9, 27th

Mean maximum 77.0

Mean minimum 54.6

Mean daily range 22.4

Greatest daily range 36.5,10th

Least daily range 5.0, iSth

Hnmidity.

Mean dew point 58.3

Mean force of vapor 632

Mean relative humidity 77.3

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 4. Si

Total snow, in inches

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 11

•Temperature in ground shelter,
"Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 3210 m

Greatest daily movement 235m, 14th

Least daily movement .... 43m, lot'i, nth

Mean daily movement 104m

Mean hourly velocity 4-3 ni

Maximum pressure per square foot, 3.5 lbs

26m per hour, 31st, 3P, S.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 22m per

hour, Sth, I2M, W.S.W.
Prevailing direction. Southwest.

Summary.

South 19 per cent

South Southwest 29 " "

Southwest 10 ■' "

Northwest 10 " "

Other directions 32 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 44 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by tlie Sun

Thermometer . .170 hours = 40 per cent.

Number of clear days 11

Number of fair days 12

Number of cloudy days 8

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 259 hrs,= 60 per cent.
Rain, ist, 5th. 6th, 13th, 14th, iSth, igth, 2ist,

24th, 27th, 30th, 31st.
Thunder and Liahtnin^, 6th. 21st, 24th,

31st.
Hail,24th.
Gales. 35 miles or more per hour . None.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

Sea Level.

lem

perature

. Groun

d Shelter.

E

3

s

c1

s

3

s

«j

c

3
g

<u

•a

>> ij

o; 3

303

ei

s

Sa

X

E

C

S

^ S c

2 = ^

£ caJ

S

S

s^;^

s

H

S

H

SSS

stca

4. !■>

^ c

3 3
0(/3

I

29 82

29.69

2

29.98

29-«3

3

29.97

29.91

4

30-03

29-95

5

30.05

30.01

b

3004

29.92

7

2992

29.66

8

2998

2964

9

30-14

29.98

lO

30.18

30.13

II

30.21

30 17

12

30.28

30.20

'3

30.25

30.10

14

30.10

29.88

'5

2993

29.89

i6

30.07

2991

'7

30-07

30.02

i8

3007

2999

19

2999

2991

20

30.02

29.95

21

30 .oS

29.84

22

29.92

29-«3

23

29.94

29.89

24

29-94

2975

2S

29.81

2968

26

29.84

29-73

27

2987

2975

28

30.00

29.87

29

30 oS

30.00

30

30.06

29.90

31

29-95

29.78

29.723
29.878

29947
29.981
30032
29.948
29.744
29 788
30.074

30.160

30.191

30.253

30.180

29.919

29.922
29.980

30.054
30015
29.944

29.967

29954
29848
29.922
29.799

29.710

29794
29.786

29.910
30.060

29.956
29.828

81.0

4P

58.0

12 P

81.0

3P

56.0

12 P

78.0

3P

47.0

5A

84.0

2 p

56.0

2:30 A

81.0

4 P

550

6a

7V5

I P

64.0

6 a

85.0

4 P

64.0

5 A

79.0

II A

560

12 p

76 0

5 '■

46.0

6 a

79.5

4 P

430

6a

85.0

I P

49-0

6 a

77.0

2 P

51 0

6a

71.0

1 P

62.0

12 p

62.0

0 A

55-0

■ 5A

79.0

3 P

55-5

5 A

84.0

3P

53-5

5:30 A

75.0

3P

54.S

5A

630

2 p

58.0

7 A

730

4P

56.5

5A

79-5

4 P

59.0

12 P

825

3P

505

6a

84.0

3 P

60.0

12 P

85.0

3:30 P

56.5

5 A

88.0

2 p

5H-5

3:30 A

71-5

3P

590

12 P

71.0

3P

49 5

6:30 A

64.0

2:30 p

50 0

5 A

72.5

2:30 p

47 -o

6a

780

4P

48 0

6 A

68.0

4 P

54-0

6a

75-0

2 P

62.0

12 P

69.5
6S.5
62.5

70.0
68^0

68.7

74-5
67-5
61.0
61.3
67.0
64.0
66.5
5«-5
67-3
68.7
647
60.5
64.7

693
60.5
72.0
707
73 3
65-3
60.3
57.0

59 7
630
61.0
68.5

70-3

66.3

67.0

6. .7

64.7

59-5

70.7

62.7

68.1

64.7

68.5

67.0

730

68.5

7..0

61.S

61.7

56.7

622

52-5

b5.2

57-5

65.0

59-5

66.2

63.7

58.2

55 7

bS-S

60.0

67..

60.3

6S.5

59-7

60.4

58.5

6^S

61.5

68.8

62.5

67.2

63.5

71.9

64-3

695

637

69.';

6^7

67.1

61.0

60.7

563

57-9

54.7

60.1

55 3

638

59 5

632

62 s

67.1

645

II.8
13.0
12.7

II-5

9-5
08
10.7
13.0
136
12.9
12.0
9.8

5-5

0.0

10.9

1 1.2

8.7

0-3

4.4

10.5

10.7

10.5

11.6

50

0.0

7.0

54

10.5

10.7

1.2

40

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Sa.

0) D 3

Wind.

OhQ

HS.£

3 I* 5

aSF^

ft

k!^^^

<U 3

"" 2 S

SCLhCu

Sffi

,

65.5

720

84.S

2

57-5

698

685

,1

55'5

b20

70.0

4

5«-5

732

66.5

S

63.0

696

84.5

6

660

70.5

90 0

7

66.5

792

84 0

8

61.0

756

54 5

9

52.5

574

70.0

lO

46.5

522

62.5

r I

53 5

5«2

71-5

t2

56.5

S99

74.5

•3

61.5

668

84.0

'4

550

475

90.0

'.S

570

591

790

[6

570

626

76 0

'7

56.5.

617

73-5

i8

58 0

502

94-5

'9

60 5

587

90.0

20

60.0

660

78.0

21

61.5

671

82.5

22

6. .5

710

77-5

2 3

60.0

740

69.0

24

62.0

663

84.0

25

58.0

630

77-5

26

52.0

557

70.5

27.

51.0

521

63.0

28

51.0

527

7'-S

29

56.0

604

72.5

30

6. .5

600

91.0

31

64.0

638

92.5

N.W.

157

N.

214

W.

88

s.s w.

108

ss.w.

lOI

s.

107

w.

84

N.W.

209

W.N.W.

75

S.

43

N.W.

43

s.s.w.

5^

S.S.E.

109

N.E.

235

N,

70

S.S.W.

64

s.

120

E.NE

81

S.E.

72

w.s.w.

118

s.s.w.

, 53

s.w.

118

s.w.

88

s.

103

s.w.

116

s.s.w.

102

s.s.w.

123

s.s.w.

104

s.

57

s.

82

s.s.w.

116

I.O

2 O
1.0

1.0

1-5

0 o
1.0

2-5

1.0

0.5
0.5

0.0
0.0
2.0
0-5
0-5
»-5
0.0
0.5
2.0

1 o
1.0

05

2 o

1-5
1.0

1-5

I o
0.5
r.o
35

14
20

14
14
17

14

14

20
10

17

20
14
14
10
20
17
14
17
14
10

14
26

6 p

2 p

12 M

3 P

6 p

II p

1 p

2 P

4 P

3 P

10 A
4 P
3 P
3P

9P

2 P

9P
9A

A

I I

Precipitation.

12 M
O A

10 P
O A

I A
O A

3 P

2 P

:3oP

Total in
Inches.

5

A

12

P

8

P

12

P

7

P

12

P

10

P

9

P

8

P

2

P

8

P

4

P

.16

.04
07

.01

•13

1.30
.09

2.07

.14

.20

.60

**l<ain or melted snow at base of tower.

Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during August was somewhat cooler than usual and
rainstorms were rather frequent. Nearly all the precipitation oc-
curred after the middle of the month. The thunderstorm on the
24th was of unusual intensity and more than two inches of rain fell
in about four hours. Accompanying the rain there was more or less
hail and considerable damage was done in places. The total
damage, however, was not as great as at first reported. Several
fires were started by the lightning. Two other rather heavy rains
occurred on the i8th and 31st.

Owing to the rather low temperature the corn crop did not ad-
vance rapidly and at the close of the month from ten days to two
weeks of good weather is needed to mature the crop.

The various weather elements show the following features when
compared with their normals : The mean barometer was rather low
and fluctuations in pressure rather slow. The total wind movement
was slightly less than the normal and no gales were registered on the
pressure chart. An unusual amount of wind was from the South-
west quadrant.

The mean temperature was about two degrees lower than the
normal, and no very high temperatures occurred. The maximum
and minimum temperatures were nearly normal. The mean hourly
temperature was above 70 degrees on only five days.

The mean dew point was nearly two degrees lower than the
normal and the relative humidity a little higher than usual.

The total precipitation was about one-sixth more than the
normal.

The amount of bright sunshine was rather large and the number
of cloudy days rather small.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

G. A. SMITH, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 369.

SEPTEMBER, 1919

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, jr ft. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments Y 2 ft. Time used, "j^th Mer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressuie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing,3o.o9, 27th, i.

28th, 8 A.

Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.27, i2tii, 4 A
Reduced maximum reading . 30.39, 27th, S a;

28th, 8 A.
Reduced minimum reading, 29.56, 12th, 4 a

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.016

Monthly range 0.83

*Air Temperatnre. In Degrees Fahr

Highest 88.0, 7th, 4 P; Sth, 2 p

Lowest 35.0, 27th, 7 A

Mean hourly 61

Mean of means of max. and niin 61

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 56

Monthly range . 53.0

Highest mean daily 74. S, Sth

Lowest mean daily 50.2, 28th

Mean maximum 72.4

Mean minimum 51.4

Mean daily range 21.0

Greatest daily range 42.0, 2Sth

Least daily range 3.5, 3rd

Hnmidity.

Mean dew point 54.6

Mean force of vapor 525

Mean relative humidity 84.2

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 4,25

Total snow, in inches

Number of days on which .01 inch or more
rain fell 12

•Temperature in ground shelter.
••Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 3244 m

Greatest daily movement 235m, 22d

Least daily movement .... 35ni, lotii

Mean daily movement loSm

Mean hourly velocity 4-5 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 4.5 lbs

30m per hour, 25th, 3P, S.S.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 20m per

hour, 2Sth, 2P, S.S.W.
PrevaiUng direction. Southwest.

Summary.

South 27 per cent

South Southwest 17 " "

North 13 •' "

North Northeast 13 " "

West 10 " "

Other directions 20 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 54 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 194 hours = 52 per cent.

Number of clear days 9

Number of fair days 9

Number of cloudy days 12

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 179 hrs,= 48 per cent.
Rain, 2d, 3d, 7th. 9th, loth, nth, 12th, 15th,

i6th, 20th, 22d, 23d, 24th.
Thunder and Lightning, 9th. nth, 24til.
Frosts. iSth, 27th, 2Sth.
Gales. 35 miles or more per hour: None-

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

Sea Level.

Temperature

. Groun

d Shelter.

£

£

E

E
£

'3

£

3

£

V

E

E

3

£
'£

£

Mean of
Max. and
Min.

Mean

Hourly

Draper,

V 3

Oc/)

I

30-14

2

30-'7 i

3

30.08 ,

4

30-'5

5

30.24

6

30.18

7

30.02

8

29.97

9

30.10

10

3004

u

29.89

12

2984

'3

30.09

'4

30.12

'5

30.13

c6

3007

'7

30.00

i8

30-17

'9

30.22

20

30 II

21

30.08

22

2998

23

29.94

24

29.94

25

29.89

26

30.24

27

30.39

28

30.39

29

30.32

30

30.18

29.95
30.08

29 84

29.88
30.08

30.00

29.97

2984

30.01

29 89
29.60

29.56
29.84
30.04
3007

29.87

29 8r
30.00
30.11
29.99
2998
29.82
29.80
29 76
2967
29.89
30.24
3027
30.09
29.99

30.058
30.126
29.S88
29.998
30.170
30085
30.022
29.S91
30.078
29 960
29.656
29658
30.016
30.082
30.117
29.960
29.866
30.126
30.180
30028
30.026
29.894

29 892
29885
29778

30 114
30-377
30-353
30.218
-,0.088

72.5
66.0
65.0
77-0
74.0
820
88.0
88.0

58.5
680

77-0
68.0
72.0
74.0
59-0
630

71-5
69.0
72.0

795
74.0
71.0
69.0
71.0

77-5
66.5
6S.0

78.5
76 o
75.0

2 P
4P

3 P
4P

4 P
2:30 P

4 P

2 P
O A

3 P
3o"o P

3 P

3P

2:30 p

O A

3P

2

4

3

4
4
o A

4 P

3 P
3P

4 P
4 P
3 P

1-30 P

58.0
61.0
6. .5
54.0
415
45-5
64.0

58-5
52.0

52-5
60.0

57-0
50.0

47-5
52.0
52.0
48.0

35-5
45 -o
56.0
63.0
66.0
51.0
42.0

54 5
45.0

350
365
45 5
51.0

6a

7 A

7 A

12 P

7 A

7 A

6a
12 p

7 A

3 A

4 a
12 p

6a

5 A
12 p

O A

12 P
6:30 A
6A
O A
3A
5A

12 P

6:30 A

7 A

12 P
7 A
6a
4A

12 p

65-3
635
633

655
58.0

63-7
76.0

73 3
55-3
60.3
68.5
62 5
61.0
60 7
55 5
57-5
59 7
523
58.5
6S.3
68.5
68.5
60.0

56.5
66.0

55-5
5'-5
57 5
60.7
63.0

65.3

62.7

64.0

63.3

63.3

62.7

64.2

59-0

S8.9

53-5

65.0

60.7

74-7

,69-3

74.8

70.0

538

52-5

S9.8

58.5

646

62.0

6. .5

57.3

60.5

54-5

60 0

54-0

540

520

56.8

54.3

59-5

51-5

52.3

43-5

57-3

5'o

66 5

63-3

68.0

65.7

69.0

675

58.8

56.0

546

48.0

63.0

54-5

55-7

485

502

43 7

56.2

49-7

';9.2

55-0

60 5

52-3

5.0

0.0

2-3

10.7

ir.4

8.7

8.8

9-7

0.0

0.0

0.0

i.o

11.8

8.0

0.0

0.0

10.5

If. I

8.5

4-5
0.5
0.0

0.3
10.4

9-1
1 1.0
10.8
10.2

7-7
67

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

£

Total in

5

Q

0

a.

n!
>

1) ti

ij

4J

V in

_ 0)

H 3 cr

bi

c

"B

bD

Inches.

p

S5'

So, S

- 0

StL,

4) dJ 3

H2.S

rt g I.

V 3
— 0

V

a
'So
m

-5
c
W

c

Pi

0

c
t/3

I

62.0

660

91.0

N.N E.

70

00

_

2

61.5

586

93-0

N.N.E.

105

0.0

—

—

0 A

12 p

63

3

62.5

583

96.0

N.

88

0.5

10

9A

0 A

6p

1.40

4

57.0

555

84.0

N.

106

I.O

14

I P

5

qi.o

462

82,5

S.W.

81

1-5

17

4 P.

6

65.5

644

78.5

s.

109

1.0

14

3?-^

7

67-5

837

805

s.

96

05

10

2 p

6a

7 A

T

8

67.5

872

78.0

w.s.w.

124

1-5

17

9P

9

S'-5

402

94.0

N.N.E.

8c

0.0

—

3A

4P

I 18

10

580

512

94.0

W.N.W.

35

0.0

—

—

5 P

12 P

•05

II

61.5

576

94-5

S.

73

0.0

—

—

oa

12 p

.28

12

56 0

498

90.0

W.

120

2 0

20

3P

0 a

7 P

.09

'3

50-5

503

72.5

N.W.

185

2.0

20

10 A

'4

51.0

489

77.0

s.s.w.

58

0.5

10

3 P

'5

51-0

410

91.0

N.N.E.

47

0.0

—

4A

10 P

.20

i6

530

447

90.0

S.

81

0.5

10

4P

9A

12 M

.02

'7

47 0

452

71.0

w.

97

1.0

14

I P

i8

370

345

645

S.E.

82

1.0

14

3P

'9

47-5

433

76.0

S.

186

2.0

20

2 p

20

62.0

644

88.5

S.

191

1-5

17

6a

3A

7A

.01

21

65.0

6S5

89.0

S.

88

1-5

17

10 p

22

67.0

715

92.5

S.S.W.

235

2.5

2 2

9A

8a

12 P

■24

23

54-5

490

88.5

N.

100

1.0

14

12 M

0 A

5P

•19

24

46.S

377

89.5

N.W.

89

1-5

17

6p

5P

7 P

.16

25

51-5

492

78.0

S.S.W.

222

4-5

30

3 P

26

44-5

395

750

N.

103

0.0

—

—

27

41.0

316

84.0

S.S.W.

65

00

—

— •

28

4S5

405

S9.5

s.

46

0.0

—

—

29

52.5

488

84.0

s.s w.

93

2.5

22

3 P

30

47-5

478

70.0

w.

189

1-5

17

3 P

•*Kain or melted snow at base of tower.

Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during the month was rather gloomy on the whole,
and rainstorms were quite numerous. While most of the storms
were small, the two storms early in the month were unusually heavy,
and over three-fourths of the total precipitation occurred during the
first third of the month. There was considerable cloudiness without
precipitation, so that the total cloudiness was rather high. Only a
few light frosts were noted, and practically no damage resulted. At
the close of the month the transition to Autumn was practically
complete.

A comparison of the records of the several weather elements with
their respective normals shows the following features of interest;
The mean barometer was slightly lower than the norntal, while
the range of pressure was nearly the usual amount. The
maximum and minimum pressures were both lower than their nor-
mals. The total wind movement was slightly less than usual, and
no gales were recorded. The percentage of south wind was large.

The mean hourly temperature varied but little from the normal,
and the minimum temperature was not quite as low as usual. The
mean hourly temperature on the 9th was 21 degrees lower than on
the 8th — an exceptionally rapid change.

The mean dew point was higher than the normal and the relative
humidity unusually high.

The total precipitation was but little greater than the average
value, and has been commented on above.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
G. A. SMITH, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 370.

OCTOBER, 19 19

Meteorolodcal Observations

c?

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72" 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, ^i ft. Above sea level, ^73-5 f^-
Height oj Wind Instruments 12 ft. Tifne used, yphAIer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.30, 30th, S A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.26, 28th, 3 p
Reduced maximum reading . 30.61, 30th, S A
Reduced minimum reading, 29.55, zSth, 3 P

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.123

Monthly range 1.06

*Alr Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 81.5, 3d, I p

Lowest 27.0, 30th, 4 A

Mean hourly 51.2

Mean of means of max. and min 51.6

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 47.1

Monthly range 54.5

Highest mean daily 65.2. 3d

Lowest mean daily 34.8, 30th

Mean maximum 62.2

Mean minimum 41. i

Mean daily range 2r.i

Greatest daily range 36.0, 7th, gth

Least daily range 7.0, 4th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 44.6

Mean force of vapor 378

Mean relative humidity 83.8

Precipitatiou. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches i.Si

Total snow, in inches

Number of days on which .01 inch or more
rain fell 13

•Temperature in ground shelter.
••Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind,

Total movement 2914 m

Greatest daily movement 199m, nth

Least daily movement .... 19m, 3otii

Mean daily movement g4m

Mean hourly velocity 3-9 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 8,5 lbs

41m per hour, 2Sth, 3?, W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m per

hour, 2Sth, 3P, W.
Prevailing direction, Southwest.

Summary.

South 19 per cent

South Southwest 16 " "

South Southeast 10 " "

West 10 " "

Northwest 10 •' "

Other directions 35 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 57 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 193 hours = 57 per cent.

Number of clear days 4

Number of fair days 12

Number of cloudy days 15

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 14S hrs,=r 43 per cent.
Rain. 2d, 3d, 6th. 9th, nth, i6th, 17th, 21st,

26th, 27th, 28th, 30th, 31st.
Frosts. 8th, 9th, 13th, 29th.
Hail, 30th
Gales, 35 miles or more per hour: 41m,

28th, W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature

Ground Shelter

\

lU

o:a

c4

a

s
B

s

g
'a

S

s

C4

V

a

a

a

a

T3

?, d c=

3 a
6 *>"

Q

%

i

s

H

S

Li

D 0 u

sJ^^

^5

I

30.25

30.14

30.224

645

4P

42.5

12 P

53-5

50.7

453

7.0

2

30.20

29.88

30.074

56.0

12 P

42.5

0 A

49-3

49-7

49.0

0.0

3

30.07

2981

29.904

81.5

I P

56.0

0 A

68.7

65.2

58.0

7.0

4

30.11

30.02

30.082

61.0

12 P

54.0

6a

57.5

57.6

56.3

0 0

5

3002

29.90

29.974

68.5

5P

59.5

2 A

64.0

63.7

62.3

1-5

6

29.90

29.69

29.809

74.0

3 P

47.0

12 P

60.5

65.0

59-7

2.0

7

30.16

2988

29953

67.0

2 p

31.0

12 P

49.0

49.6

41-5

lo.s

8

30.40

2988

30.3^0

58.0

4:30 p

31.0

6 A

44.5

40.5

34.0

10.5

9

3044

30.20

30.349

64.0

2 p

28.0

7 A

46.0

48.2

45 7

7-5

10

30.20

2992

30.051

79.0

4P

59.0

0 A

69.0

62.5

62.5

8.0

11

29.98

29.91

29.943

750

9:30 A

50.0

12 P

62.5

62.1

57.7

5-5

[2

30.17

2998

30.021

50.0

0 A

350

12 P

42.5

453

39-5

2.1

'3

3037

30.17

30.346

61.0

3P

28.0

6 A

44.5

436

36.0

1 0.2

'4

30.33

30.05

30.200

52.0

6p

37.0

6a

44.5

44.4

37.7

0.0

15

30.12

30.03

30.116

680

4 P

48.5

0 A

5S.3

56.6

537

6.0

i6

30.10

2977

29.943

660

6p

54.0

6 A

60.0

59-5

58-5

0.0

•7

30 14

29.77

30.043

64.0

3 P

39-5

12 P

5t 7

53 5

45.0

8.7

i8

3028

30.14

30.117

60.0

3P

33.0

7A

46.5

45.2

3«.5

10.0

'9

30.20

30.03

30.117

64.0

2 P

32.5

6a

48.3

47-5

433

7.0

20

30.40

3020

30.397

48.5

3P

37-0

7A

42.7

42 3

37.0

2.0

21

3037

29.97

30.175

52.0

II p

340

I A

430

42.1

44.0

0.0

22

30.21

29.96

30.065

58.0

3P

41.0

12 P

49-5

51-5

47-3

7.2

23

30.34

30.21

30.278

57.0

3P

32.0

7 A

44.5

45.4

42,0

6.3

24

30.27

30.20

30.230

62.0

3P

41.0

12 P

51 5

505

440

8.0

25

30.38

30.10

30-254

61.0

4P

40.0

0 A

50.5

49.9

44-5

5-2

26

30.10

29.95

29985

60.5

I p

50 0

2 A

55-3

56.3

55.0

00

27

30.04

29.95

30030

62.0

2 P

50.0

6:30 A

56.0

55-5

53-3

2.6

28

30.00

29.55

29815

74.0

2-30 p

45.0

12 P

59.5

54.4

47.3

3.0

29

30.51

30.00

30392

510

3:. 10 P

300

12 P

40.5

41. 1

33-3

8.5

30

30.61

30.33

30.529

41.0

4P

27.0

4 A

340

34.8

333

0.0

31

30.33

-'9-73

29.906

67.0

3:30 P

38-0

0 A

"52-.-5

54-5

550

1-5

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

%

o

-M

Q

g

>T3

C U

c -t; r-

>-.

s S

rt ^

rt c« c

n1

aJ'o

« o

O U 3

Q

st2

§fe

SaiX

Wind.

OhQ

(^

e .

_j <u rt

0)

'^ >S

V ^r^^'

(/) k-l

■So''

rt 0) i-

:^ o

HS.S

SOhX

SK

Precipitation.

Total in
Inches.

I

42.5

•338

81.0

2

47-5

•370

90.0

3

55-5

•537

84.0

4

55-5

.480

92.5

S

61.5

.581

93-5

6

57-5

.578

82.5

7

34-5

•343

63,0

8

27.5

•239

63 0

9

43-5

•331

93-0

lO

61.0

.62 s

87.0

II

i;6.o

•534

88.0

12

34-5

.279

73-5

13

29.0

.250

65 0

H

41.0

•293

905

>5

570

•513

93-5

lb

58.0

.509

97 -o

17

42.0

■337

79^5

i8

36 0

.257

840

'9

40.0

•3"

84.0

20

330

.240

76.0

21

42.5

.308

92.0

22

45-5

•352

88.0

23

40.0

.290

«9.5

24

41.0

•327

790

2S

42.5

•331

«5^5

26

53-5

.465

91.0

27

52.0

•430

89.5

28

41-5

•3«2

73-0

29

27.0

.219

67.0

30

31.0

.201

88.5

31

540

.469

92.5

W.N.W.

82

0.0

S.

SO

0.0

—

S.SE.

72

0.0

—

S.S.W.

SI

0.0

—

S.

46

0.0

—

S.S.E.

176

3^S

26

N.N.W.

17s

4.0

28

S.E.

78

0.0

—

S.S.W.

132

3.0

24

S.S.W.

18S

2.0

20

N.W.

199

3.S

26

N.N.E.

I n

0.0

—

W.

S7

0.0

—

s.w.

37

0.0

—

s.

49

0.0

—

S.S.W.

6S

2.0

20

N.W.

173

0.0

—

S.

SI

o.S

10

S S.W.

74

I.O

14

N.E.

no

o.S

10

w.

32

o.S

10

w.

ISO

2.S

22

s.

30

0.0

—

S.S.E.

40

0.0

—

W.S.W.

S7

0.0

—

S.

148

1-5

17

N.

S3

0.0

—

N.W.

178

8.S

41

N.N.E.

IS4

2.0

20

N.N.W.

19

0.0

—

S.E.

80

0.5

10

12 M

3 i^
3 P

2 A

9P

I I A

5 A

3 P

4 A

9 A
3A

4 P
9P

II A
O A

4P

12 M

7 P

3A

2 A

8 P
I p

I p

12 P

n P

12 P

2 A

3P

12 P

I p
I p

12 P

•07
.26

.01

•39

.06

.06

.06
.06

••Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during October was generally gloomy, owing to the
large amount of cloudiness and considerable fog. While precipita-
tion occurred on nearly half the days the total amount was small.
Much of the wind was from the southwest quadrant. Changes in
temperature were rather rapid at times, although the extremes for the
month were not unusual.

The records of the several weather elements compared with the
normals show the following features: The mean barometer was
high even for October — a month with a high normal pressure. Both
the maximum and minimum pressures were considerably above their
normals. The range of pressure was about the usual amount. The
total wind movement was only about 70 per cent of the normal and
there were no days showing a very large movement. Only one gale
was registered and that was of moderate intensity and of rather short
duration.

The mean hourly temperature was about one degree higher than
usual, and the mean of maximum and minimum readings slightly
more. The maximum temperature came early in the month and was
2^ degrees higher than the normal. The minimum temperature
was about 4 degrees higher than the normal.

The mean dew point was several degrees higher than usual and
the relative humidity several points above the normal.

The total precipitation was nearly 50 per cent of the normal and
occurred in numerous small rains. Early in the morning of the 30th
there was a storm of sleet and hail for a short period.

Both the observed cloudiness and the record of the sunshine re-
corder show that the month was considerably deficient in sunshine.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
G. A. SMITH, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 37 1.

NOVEMBER, 1919

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 31 ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ fi.
Height oj Wind Instruments Y2 ft. Time used, y^t/iMer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressuie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.21, loth, 7 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.08, 30th, 5 a
Reduced maximum reading . 30.53, loth, 7 A
Reduced minimum reading, 29.37, 30th, 5 A

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.0S4

Monthly range 1.16

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr

Highest 70-0, Jst, i p

Lowest 17-0, 2ist, 7 A

Mean hourly 39-6

Mean of means of max. and min 40.1

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 35.6

Monthly range 53-o

Highest mean daily 61.7.1st

Lowest mean daily 26.4, 20th

Mean maximum 48. 5

Mean minimum 31 -6

Mean daily range 16.9

Greatest daily range 35.0, loth

Least daily range 7-5i 26th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 31.5

Mean force of vapor 237

Mean relative humidity 79.1

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 6.20

Total snow, in inches Trace

Number of days on which .01 inch or more
rain fell 10!

•Temperature in ground shelter.
••Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Totalfmovement 5207 m

Greatest daily movement 436m, 6th

Least daily movement .... 27m, 29tii

Mean daily movement i74ni

Mean hourly velocity 7.2 m

Maximum pressure per sciuare foot, 8.0 lbs

40m per hour, 30th, 8a, S.S.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30m per

hour,'3oth, 3A, S.S.W.
Prevailing direction. West.

Summary.

South I3jper cent

North 13 " "

South Southwest 13

North Northeast 10

West 10

West Northwest 10

Other directions 31

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 53 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 170 hours = 58 per cent.

Number of clear days 6

Number of fair days 9

Number of cloudy days 15

Brifiht Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 123 hrs,= 42 per cent.
Rain.ad, ist, 2d, 5th. nth, i2tli, 13th, 19th,

22d, 26th, 27th, 29th, 30th.
Snow. 5th, 19th.

Gales. 35 miles or more per liour: 35ni,
20th, N.W.; 40m, 30th, W.S.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Temperature

Ground Shelter

OS

Q

B

e

S

s

a
s

y.

£

c

3
g

'c

i

4)

S
H

T3

.D
4) 3

i£ C

3 3

6 ^

^5

I

2973 ' 29-57

29.679

70.0

I P

53-0

12 P

61.5

61.7

58.0

,3-7

2

30.07 29.56

29.848

57.0

1:30 P

34 -o

12 P

45-5

46.3

45-7

6.8

3

30.20 30.07

30.162

48.5

2 P

265

6 A

37-5

37-0

3>-5

7.0

4

30.16

29.78

30 028

47-5

2 P

37-0

6 A

42.3

43-0

39 3

3-2

5

29.78

2954

29.629

45-0

0 A

350

9A

40.0

39-0

34-0

0.0

6

30.16
30-30

29.71
30.16

30.062
30279

44-5
45.0

I P

3 P

36.0
33-0

12 P

6 a

403

39-3
38.2

33 7

34 7

3-8

7

39.0

J.I

8

30.42

30.30

30.39!^

50.0

2:^0 P

34-0

6a

42.0

3«-7

32-7

5-9

9

3044

3035

30434

53-0

"3 P

275

6 a

40.3

37-0

32.3

8.7

lO

30-53

30.36

30.455

58.0

3P

23 0

7:30 A

405

37.6

31.0

8.1

II

3036

3025

30.342

49-0

5P

30 0

5A

39.5

41.8

423

0.0

12

30.34

30.10

30235

350

3:30?

47.0

6 A

51.0.

50.9

49-7

0 0

'3

30.10
30.16

29.97
30.04

30051
30.126

54-0
42.0

6:30 A
2 P

340
30.0

12 P

44.0

44.2
345

42.5
28.7

0.7

M

8 A"

36.0

8.7

'5

30.40

30.05

30332

40.0

2 P

26 0

12 P

33-0

32-3

285

7-S

i6

30.43

30.24

30.362

46.5

3P

21.0

7 A

33-7

33-3

27.0

6.9

17

30.24

2997

30.153

56.0

2-30 P

35-0

6 A

45-5

43-8

39-0

5-9

i8

2997

2958

29.700

580

2:30 P

36.0

12 P

47.0

44-8

40.2

5.6

'9

29.84

2957

29715

37 -o

0 A

27.0

12 P

32.0

32-8

28.5

2.7

20

3046

2984

30.252

33-0

3 P

22.0

8 A

^2.7_.5,

26 4

22.0

8.4

21

3050

30 22

30.406

51.0

1:30 P

■ 17-0

7A

34.0

34-7

29 0

59

22

30.22

29.58

29.894

490

3:30 P

39-0

2 A

44.0

43-S

39-7

0.0

23

2964

29.50

29579

49.0

1:30 P

33-0

12 P

41.0

40.4

32-5

50

24

30.01

^963

29.840

46.5

2 P

25-5

8a

36.0

356

28.3

8.5

25

30.16

29.96

30075

48.0

4P

29.0

7:30 A

38.5

40 0

36.0

1-7

26

30.1 1

30.01

30095

450

OA

37-5

12 P

41-3

41.5

41.0

0.0

27

30.29

30.02

30.222

41.0

3P

330

12 P

.-^7-0

37-7

36.0

0.0

28

30.49

30.29

30.475

33-0

OA

24-5

9A

28.7

29.2

27.0

0.0

29

30.34

2955

30.106

44.0

12 P

30.0

0 A

37-0

33-8

33.0

0.0

30

29.91

2937

29.590

61.0

2:30 A

340

12 P

47-5

49-3

43-7

7-0

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

i^

Total in

Q

0
0.

>

>T3

6C •

S -

c 3 cr

0.

a
'a

bi

Inches.

*
*

Q

2U<

V <u ^

> <u

£5

HS.5

ni g ■-

(/) 1-.'
— 0

4)

s

'Si
m

'■5

c
W

c

"ei

0

a

I

56.5

•517

890

N.W.

86

0.5

10

10 A

0 A

12 P

•38

2

34-5

.272

74.0

N.

264

30

24

10 A

0 A

10 A

•93

3

27-5

.202

77.0

N.E.

117

1.0

14

6 p

4

35-5

.267

78.0

E.S.E.

103

1.0

14

2 p

5

290

.221

74.0

N.N.W.

308

4-5

30

7 l^

2 A

12 M

•97

T

6

27.0

.227

64.0

N.

436

4-5

30

1 p

7

29-5

.227

72,5

N.N.E.

205

2.0

20

8a

8

28.0

.209

750

N.N.E.

97

2.0

20

12 p

9

29.5

.196

83.0

N.

150

0.5

10

11 A

lO

25-5

.200

73-5

s.s.w.

38

0.0

—

—

11

41-5

.278

94.0

s.

52

0.5

10

5 P

2 A

12 P

19

12

48.S

376

92.0

s.

66

1-5

17

4 P

0 A

12 P

.24

t3

41.0

.298

90.5

N.N.W.

130

2 0

20

10 p

0 A

12 P

.62

•4

225

.180

67-5

w.

186

1-5

17

2 A

'5

24.5

.169

785

w.

164

1-5

17

9A

i6

22.5

•175

75-5

s.

109

1-5

17

11 A

I?

350

.271

77-5

s.

159

2.0

20

2 P

i8

3^-5

.263

86.0

s s.w.

213

2.0

20

10 A

•9

22.0

.180

68.0

W.N.W.

217

3-0

24

7 P

6p

7 P

T

20

17-5

.130

74-5

W.N.W.

394

6.0

35

1 A

21

20.5

.198

61.5

S.S.W.

ic6

0.5

10

5P

22

34-5

.285

71-5

S.S.W.

224

3-0

24

8 p

IC P

II P

T

23

26.5

.214

68.5

S.W.

241

4.0

28

12 M

24

21.5

.181

67.0

w.

109

1-5

17

2 P

25

330

.232

84 s

S.w.

236

5-0

32

6p

26

41.0

•257

100.0

E.

97

0.0

—

—

8 a

12 P

1.59

27

33 -o

.217

86.5

N.N.E.

161

1.0

14

6a

0 A

4A

■47

28

26.0

.152

94 5

N.

135

10

14

1 A

29

32 0

•193

95 0

S.E.

27

0.0

—

—

I P

12 P

.56

30

40.0

■336

79.0

W.N.W.

377

8.0

40

8 A

0 A

4A

•25

**Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

* Included in following: day.

REMARKS

The weather during November was more stormy than usual, and
the change in weather conditions rather rapid in several instances
Several heavy rainstorms occurred, and the precipitation during the
storm of the 26th — 27th was more than two inches. Only traces of
snow were noted. The amount of sunshine was small and the last
week of the month was especially gloomy. While thin ice formed on
several dates no especially cold weather occurred, and the ground
was practically free from frost when the month closed.

The records of the several weather elements show the following
features: The mean barometer was higher than the normal and the
range of pressure slightly less than usual. The rapid fall in pres-
sure during the storm on the 29th and the rise on the 30th after the
storm were noticeable features. The wind movement was considera-
bly more than the normal and the wind direction more variable than
usual.

The mean hourly temperature showed that the month was slightly
warmer than usual, and both the maximum and minimum tempera-
tures w^re several degrees above their normals. A rise in tempera-
ture of nearly twenty degrees in two hours near midnight of the 29th
was a very abnormal feature.

The mean dew point was about a degree above the normal and the
relative humidity several points higher than usual.

The total precipitation was nearly twice the normal and nearly all
of it occurred either during the first five days of the month or the
last five days of the month.

The amount of sunshine was nearly normal, although one-half the
number of days were recorded as cloudy or overcast.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
G. S. SMITH, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 372.

DECEMBER, 1919

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 273-5 A-
Height oj Wind Iiistnifuents ^2 ft. 7wte used, y^thMer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressuie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing,3o.35, nth, 11 a
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.10, 7th, i p
Reduced maximum reading . 30.67, nth, 11 A
Reduced minimum reading, 29.41, 7th, i p

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.111

Monthly range 1.26

*Air Temperainre. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 540, 13th, 3 P

Lowest -9-0, 18th, 7 A

Mean hourly 23 4

Mean of means of max. and min 23.2

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 21.5

Monthly range 63.0

Highest mean daily 4S.3. 13th

Lowest mean daily -0.7, 18th

Mean maximum 31.7

Mean minimum 14.7

Mean daily range 17.0

Greatest daily range 29.5, 4th

Least daily range 3.0, 9th

Hnmidiiy.

Mean dew point j8.6

Mean force of vapor 132

Mean relative humidity 87. i

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 1.48

Total snow, in inches 45

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 12

Days of sleighing, none.

•Temperature in ground shelter.
••Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 4022 m

Greatest daily movement 477m, 25th

Least daily movement .... 3m, i8tii

Mean daily movement 130m

Mean hourly velocity 5-4 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 13.0 lbs

51m per hour, 25th, loA, N.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36m per

hour, 2;th, 9A, N.
Prevailing direction. West Northwest.

Summary.

North west 23 per cent

West 19

West Northwest 13

North 13

North Northeast 10

Other directions 22

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 39 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 163 hours = 57 per cent.

Number of clear days 5

Number of fair days 13

Number of cloudy days 13

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 120 hrs,= 43 per cent
Rain, 6th. Sth 9th, 12th, 13th, 14th.
Snow, 6th, 7th, nth, 14th, 15th, 17th, 21st,

2''th, 26th, 30th.
Hail, I2th.

Gales, 35 miles or more per hour: 50m,
loth, N.W.; 35ni, 15th, W.: 51m, 25th. N.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

Sea Level.

lem

perature

. Groun

d Shelter.

S

3

s

nimum.

ean.
mi-daily

E

3
§

a3

E

c

3

s

'S

S

an of
X. and

n.

? 5 rt

san
nsible
et Bulb.

s

S 1 ^n

2

H

s

H

SSS

ssa

b C

3 3
Oc/)

^^

I

30-35

29.91

2

30-35

30.07

3

30-45

30.27

4

3048

30.26

5

30.26

30.04

6

30.27

29.71

7

29.86

29.41

8

30.34

29.87

9

30-34

29.99

(O

30-53

2981

II

30.67

30.46

12

30.46

30.00

'3

30.00

29.74

14

29.99

2968

'5

30-14

29.99

lb

30-25

30.05

'7

3o.3«

29.96

i8

30.45

30.35

'9

3042

30.24

20

30.46

30.24

21

3056

3046

22

30.47

30.26

23

30.26

29.88

24

2988

29.71

25

30.07

2978

26

30.06

29.74

27

2974

29.62

28

29.91

29.62

29

2997

29.79

30

29.81

29.52

31

30.00

29.81

30.282
30.207

30.444

30.3^1
30.162
30.084

29.604

30.207
30-263
30.186

30-577
30.170
29.859

29.867
30.096

30.176

30.152

30.421
30.350
30.363
30.517
30 346

30 091

29.750

30.020

29894
29.686
29789

29 864

29.695
29-931

380

40.0
25.0

34.0
330
34.0

40.0
40.0

36.0

46.0
25.0

39-0
54.0
51.0
24.5
16.5
150

II.O

14.0

27.0
21.0

35-5
40.0

34-0
28.0

27.5
35-5
33-5
27.5
23.0

35-0

3P
3P
3P

300
25.0

II.O

3P
10 P

45
13.0

•.10 p

20.0

10 p

3'-o

12 M
12 P

6a

33-0
330
19.0

I 2 M

16.0

9P

22.0

3P

0 A

390
22 0

2 P

3P

13.0
8.0

I P

-4.0

3P

6p

3P

-9.0

-7.0
8.0

4P
3P
3P
3 P

9.0

'3-5
14.0
26.0

OA

9.0

4P
3P

'5

26.0

II A

13.0

1 P

3P

2 p

3-0

2-5
II.O

8a

34-0

12 p

32-5

12 p

18.0

7 A

»93

2 A

23.0

7 A

27.0

3 A

35-5

12 P

36-5

0 A

34 5

12 P

325

7 A

20.5

0 A

305

0 A

46.5

11 P

.36-5

12 P

18.7

8a

12.3

12 P

5-5

7A

I.O

7 A-

^ 35

7 A

17-5

3A

15.0

0 A

24.5

7:30 A

27.0

7A

30.0

12 P

_i^

6a

14.5

0 A

307

12 P

233

6a

15-3

I A

12.7

J A

23.0

33-1

29.0

32.2

30.8

17.2

130

17.6

233

22.4

20.0

27.9

24.5

33-4

323

36.3

335

34-1

33-5

30.4

27-5

20.1

'7 3

31-5

3'-3

4«.3

48.0

34-6

?,i-l>

18.3

15-3

12.7

"3

«.3

5-5

-0.7

-3-5

5-9

27

16 7

13-7

154

15.0

25-3

25.0

2O.1

23.0

308

31.0

20.9

19.0

17.0

.65

30.5

30.0

27-3

250

123

5-7

12.9

12.0

25-3

23.0

4.0

1.8
7.0

7-7
1.0

4.5
0.0
1.8
o o

3-5
6.0
0.0
0.0
1-3
4-9
7'
5-5
4.6

3-3
7-4
0.3
1-3
6.5
0.0
7.0
0.0

5-1
8.1
8.2
4.1
7-8

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

1^

Tot

al in

0)

Q

u

0

Q.
>

■-2

3 j; g

S 3 o-

p.

u

c

bi

Inc

hes.

l_

Q

<U D 3

:i u

> <u

£5

5>s

"= £ ■"

V 3
7Z 0

£

c
'So

V

m

s

'■B

c
W

'rt

0

a
in

I

250

.174

79-5

w.

353

4.0

28

1 A

2

22.0

.163

73-5

w.s.w.

154

2.0

20

II P

3

7.0

.083

76.5

N.N.W.

164

1.0

14

r A

4

13.0

.108

82.0

w.

16

0.0

—

s

16.0

.lit)

80.5

s.w.

123

2-5

22

12 M

6

230

•I3S

94.0

N.W.

106

1-5

17

2 A

6p

12 P

.16

I

7

28.5

.196

81.5

W.N.W.

20

1.0

14

ID P

0 A

4A

.16

I

8

31-5

•'95

90.0

W.N.W.

96

1.0

14

2 A

7 P

12 P

.18

9

32.0

.196

950

N.W

57

0.0

—

—

0 A

10 P

58

lO

24.5

.170

82.0

N.

33^

12.5

50

H A

ti

13-5

.103

805

W.

i65

15

17

3P

7 P

IC P

T

12

30.0

.168

92.5

S.W.

51

2.0

20

12 P

7A

II P

.05

•3

47.0

■353

93-0

s.s.w.

239

3-0

24

ID A

0 A

12 P

.04

'4

300

.186

92.0

W.N.W.

180

30

24

I P

0 A

4 P

•'3

T

'5

J I.O

.096

79 5

W.

245

6.0

35

8 p

3P

5P

• OI

T

i6

8.5

.078

76.0

w.

215

4-5

30

2 P

'7

3-5

058

905

N.W.

13'

5-5

33

5 P

3A

6 A

.01

i

i8

-60

•039

86.5

W.N.W.

3

0.0

'9

-1.0

.058

83.0

N.W.

18

0.0

—

—

20

9-5

.089

77-5

N.W.

102

1-5

17

2 p

21

14.0

.090

95.0

N.N.E.

21

0.0

—

—

I p

3 P

.01

h

22

23-5

.140

94.0

N.N.E.

19

0.0

—

—

23

22.0

.130

95 -o

N.N.E.

36

0.0

—

—

24

30.0

■^73

97.5

E.

90

3-0

24

12 p

6p

ii:30,P

.12

ih

25

16.5

.107

8S.5

N.

477

13.0

51

10 A

26

16.5

.102

97.0

W.

1 12

2.5

22

8 P

5:30 p

7 P

T

T

27

28.5

.171

94-5

S.S.W.

122

0.5

10

3 P

28

24.0

.146

91.5

N.W.

'75

'•5

'7

12 M

29

40

.059

88.5

N.

62

0.0

—

—

30

95

.081

87.0

N'.

52

0.0

—

—

6a

I I'

•03

I

31

20.5

■^33

87.0

N.W.

80

2.0

20

8 A

**Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

* [ncliided in following day.

Annual Summary for 1919.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing,

Minimum reduced to freezing

Maximum reduced to freezing and sea-leveli . . .
Minimum reduced to freezing and sea-level, . . .
Mean semi-daily reduced to freezing and sea-level,
Annual range,

30.61, Mar. 15th, S A.
28.89. Mar. 28th, 12 M.

30.92, Mar. 15th, 8 a.

29.20, Mar. 2Sth, 12 m.

30-034

1-72

*Aii' Temperature. In degrees Fahr.

Highest, loi.o, June 3d, 4 P.

Lowest, —9-0, Dec. iSth, 7 A.

Mean hourly, 48.3

Mean of means of max. and min., 48.5

Mean sensible (wet bulb) , 43-6

Annual range, iio.o

Highest mean daily, S5.4, July 5

Lowest mean daily —0.7, Dec. 18

Mean maximum, 5S.8

Mean minimum, 38.2

Mean daily range, 20.6

Greatest daily range 43-5. June 13

Least daily range, 3-o, Dec. 9

Huiuullty.

Mean dew point, 39.8

Mean force of vapor, 390

Mean relative humidity, 77- 5

Wind.

Total movement 52.335 m

Greatest daily movement, .... 5S0 m.. Mar. 29

Least daily movement 3 m., Dec. 18

Mean daily movement, 143 ni

Mean hourly velocity, 6.0 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 14.0 lbs.,

53 m. per hour. Mar. 28, 10 r., N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36 m. per

hour, Jan. 11, 7 A. N.W. ; Dec. 25, 9 A. N.

Prevailing direction, West.

Summary.

South Southwest 13 per cent

South 14 " "

Northw-est 11 " "

North II "

Other directions, 51 " "

Precipitation. In inches.
Total precipitation, rain or melted snow, . 41.42

Snow total in inches, 24.50

Number of days on which .01 or more rain
or melted snow fell, 132

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, 4S per cent.

Total cloudiness recorded by Sun Thermom-
eter, 1S31 hrs.=42 per cent.

Number of clear days, 130

Number of fair days, 131

Number of cloudy days 104

Briglit Suiisiiine-

Number of hours recorded, 2569 hrs.=58 per cent.

Dates of Frosts.

Last May ith

First, Sept. i8th

Dates of Snow.

Last April 25th

First Nov. 5th

Total days of sleighing 23

Gales of 50 or More Miles Per Hour.

Jan. nth, 50m., N.W.; Mar. 2Sth, 53m., N.W.;
Dec. loth, 50m., N.W.; Dec. 25th, 51m., N.

Temperature in ground shelter.

G. A. SMITH,

Observer.

J. E. OSTRANDER,

Meteorolozisi.

0

BULLETIN No. 373.

JANUARY, 1920

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTUIUL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 213.5 ft.
Height oj Witid Instruments 12 ft. Time used, l^thMer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressnie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.64, 31st, 9 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.09, 17th, i p
Reduced maximum reading . 30.99, 31st, 12 p
Reduced minimum reading, 29.41, 17th, i p

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.174

Monthly range 1.58

♦Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 4- 10, 27th, 4 p

Lowest -16.5, 20th, 8 A

Mean hourly 16.0

Mean of means of max. and min 15.2

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 13.6

Monthly range 57. 5

Highest mean daily 35-9. 8th

Lowest mean daily -4.7, 31st

Mean maximum 24.9

Mean minimum 5-5

Mean daily range 19-4

Greatest daily range 30.0, 20th, 27tli

Least daily range 7.5, 8th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 11.4

Mean force of vapor 095

Mean relative humidity 87.7

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 2.74

Total snow, in inches 23.',

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 13'

Days of sleighing, 23.

•Temperature in ground shelter.
••Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 4734 m

Greatest daily movement 357in, 14th

Least daily movement 4ini, 27111

Mean daily movement i53m

Mean hourly velocity 6.4 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 9.5 lbs =

43m per hour, i8th, 12M, N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30m per

hour, 25th, 9A, N.
Prevailing direction. Northwest.

Summary.

North Northwest 26 per cent

North 16 " "

Nortliwest 13 " "

West Northwest 13 '' "

-South Southwest 10 " "

Other directions 22 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 49 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 80 hours = 27 per cent.

Number of clear days 12

Number of fair days 15

Number of cloudy days 4

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 214 lirs,= 73 per cent

Rain. ist. 8th, gth, 23rd.

Snow. 8th, 9th, 13th, 14th, i6tli, 17th, 19th,

20th, 23rd, 2*th, 25th, 27tl), 2Sth,
Hail, 7th,
Gales, 35m 12th, W.; 36111, 14th, W. N. W.:

35m, 17th, N.W.; 43m, i8th. N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

Sea Level.

S

3

£

s

3

E
'c

E
s
E

s

S

Sc^^

S

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

rt >< c

S2S

rt 3 ^
41 o S

srca

3 3

'«

4
S
6

7
8

9
lo
11

12

'3
14
'5
16

17
18

«9
20

23
24

25

26

27
28
29

30
31

29.81

2945

29.603

29.88

29.72

29.863

30.12

29.88

30.052

30-35

30.12

30.263

30.43

30.29

30.395

30.3s

30.27

30.329

30-34

30.12

30.241

3013

29.98

30.072

30-04

29.77

29909

30.33

30.04

30-255

30.27

2986

30.056

30.07

29.84

29 968

30.01

29.51

29.677

29.80

29.55

29.678

30.01

29 80

29.902

30.17

29.93

30.099

29.93

29.41

29563

3008

2955

29.«23

30.2 £

30.02

30.133

30.55

30.20

30.429

30.54

29.96

30.231

30.68

30.54

30.634

3054

30.27

30.3^5

30.39

30.27

30 399

3075

3036

30.604

30.89

30.47

30.757

3047

30.07

30 269

3048

30 17

30275

30.65

30.23

30.515

3041

2990

30.115

30.99

30.41

30.903

370
18.0

18.5

18.0

22.5

35-0
36.5

38.5

36.0
31.0
27.5

26.5
30.0
20.5
17.0

12.0
24.5
14.0

12.0

13-5

29.5
25.0
31.0
255
235
15s
41.0

36.5
19.0

37.0
i.o

4 P
3P
3P
4 P
4 P
3:30 P

5P

2 p

1 A

3 P

4 P
9A
7 p

12 M

4P

4 P

3:30 P

9A

2 P

4 P

12 M

2 P

3P

11 A
2 P

3:30 P

4 P

O A

12 P
2:30 P

4 P

23.0
9.0
8.0

-1.0
o o

9.0
25.0
31.0
240

9.0

55
4.0
4.0
1.0

-3-5

-14.0

7.0

2.0

-30

-16.5

10 o

-35
18.0
17.0

-15

-8.0
1 1.0

7.5
-2.0

10.5
-II. 5

12 p

8a

12 p

9A

3A

0 A

7 A

7 A

12 P

12 P

3A

12 P

0 A

12 ]•

12 P

5A

0 A

12 P

4:30 A

8 A

12 P

7 A

0 A

12 P

12 P

9A

0 A

12 P

8a

12 P

7 A

JO.O

I3-5
13.3

8.5

"•3
22.0
30.8
34.8
300
20.0
16.5

15.3

17.0
10.7

_6i

'5-7
8.0

4.5
-1.5
19.8
10.3

24.5
21.3
1 1.0

3-7
26.0
22,0

-MJ
23-7
-5.3

29.3

26 5

13-5

8.5

10.8

9.0

7.6

4.5

9-3

7-5

22.2

19.5

31.8

30.0

35-9

34.5

29-9

29.0

20.7

16 3

18.5

18.3

19.0

16.5

18.7

20.7

13-3

"5

5.1

2.7

-0.2

-2.0

14.6

12.8

8.8

9.3

5-0

4.5

3-4

-28

17.9

13.8

12. 1

8.8

23.8

230

22.1

2 1.0

13-5

8.3

3-8

1.0

279

27.5

26 3

23-7

11.5

7-5

254

21.7

-4.7

-105

1-7

7.8
8.0
8.2
8.8
8.2

4-9
4.6

3-3

8.0
6.1
7-8
7.2
8.7
8.8
8.0
6-7
7.3
7-3
7.0

6.3
8.3
6.0
2.2
7-5
7-5
7.2

6.4
7.2
7.0
9-5

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidit

y-

Wind.

Precipitation.

fe

Total in

Q

0

ft

>

ij

a .

S ^

S 3 a-

ft

bi
c
'c

bi

Inc

les.

J.

03

Q

S5H
Dud

'S t5

> <u

cuQ

0 o"^

■a St/J

s

c
'bi
m

W

0

c

I

250

.149

91.5

N.W.

126

4.0

28

10 P

9A

II A

.01

2

4-5

.070

79-5

W.

240

4-5

30

5 A

3

5.0

•068

85 0

W.N.W.

298

3-0

24

8a

4

0.0

.054

82.5

N.W

129

0.5

10

8p

5

3-5

.065

84.0

N.N.E.

208

2.5

22

8a

6

16.5

• lij

89.5

N.

72

0.0

—

—

7

37-5

.171

92.5

s.s.w.

133

1-5

17

6 p

9P

II P

T

8

330

.196

95-5

s.

97

0.0

—

—

10 A

5 P

T

T

9

29.5

.160

1 00.0

N.

78

0.0

—

—

2 A

II p

.85

6

lO

14.0

.098

88.0

N.N.W.

"3

0.5

10

2 P

[I

16.0

.107

88.5

S.S.W.

53

0.0

—

—

12

13-5

.103

84.0

w.

236

6.0

35

8a

'3

20.0

.119

97-5

s s.w.

73

5-5

33

10 p

2 A

12 p

•17

i^

•4

8.0

.080

81.5

W.N.W.

357

6.5

36

12 M

0 A

2 A

.02

T

•5

-i-S

•053

79-5

N.N.W.

172

1-5

17

2 P

i6

-6.5

.047

79.0

N.W.

84

1.0

14 .

12 M

8p

12 P

.20

2

•7

12.0

.082

96.0

N.N.W.

188

6.0

35

5 P

0 A

6 p

.28

3

iS

6.5

■073

84.5

W.N.W.

273

9-5

43

12 M

'9

2-5

057

90.5

w.s.w.

167

0.5

10

2 P

3P

8 p

.12

a

20

-5.0

.023

88.5

N.N.W.

68

0.0

— •

—

7 P

II p

.08

•i

21

1 1.0

.085

87.5

N.W.

120

3-0

24

12 M

22

6.5

.072

87.0

N.

76

0.0

—

—

23

22.0

.127

96.5

N.N.W.

64

0.0

—

—

0 A

12 p

•54

2.i

24

20 0

.117

940

N.

175

1-5

17

10 A

0 A

12 p

•34

3

25

6.0

.072

86.5

N.N.W.

182

1-5

17

II A

26

-1-5

.051

86.0

N.N.W.

95

0.0

—

4A

6a

.02

T

27

25-5

.163

89.5

N.N.W.

41

0.0

—

—

5A

10 A

.08

I

28

21.5

.141

89.5

N.N.E.

76

2.0

20

5 P

29

4.0

.070

83.0

W.N.W.

102

0.5

10

6 a

30

19 0

.126

«3.5

W.S.W.

28s

3-5

26

4 A

3'

-14.0

.029

78.5

N.

353

3-5

26

9A

'Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

Included in following day.

REMARKS

The most marked characteristics of the weather during the month
were the low temperature and large amount of sunshine. To these
was added a rather large snowfall with practically no thawing
weather. The thermometer registered below zero on ten different
days and the maximum temperature was above freezing on only eight
days. Much of the snowfall occurred during the night and only four
days were cloudy. Sleighing began on the ninth and continued for
the rest of the month. The month closed with much snow on the
ground and good sleighing on most of the roads.

The mean barometer was unusually high and the changes in pres-
sure were unusually large. The maximum pressure was registered
at midnight of the last day of the month and was the highest record
ever made at this station. The range of pressure was practically the
normal for January. The total wind movement was nearly normal
and more than two-thirds was from the northwest quadrant.

The mean temperature was more than nine degrees below the
normal, making it one of our coldest months. It was, however, 2.7
degrees warmer than the record of January, 19 18. The maximum
temperature was the same as for January, 1896. which was our lowest
maximum record for any month. The mmimum temperature was
nearly ten degrees lower than the average value for this record.

The mean relative humidity was very high and the mean dew point
was about six degrees lower than the normal.

The total precipitation was about three-fourths of the normal and
practically all of it was snow.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
G. S. SMITH. Observer.

BULLETIN No. 374.

FEBRUARY, 1920

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height (}/ Ihiro meter above ground, _5r ft. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft.
Height of Wind Instriiments 22 ft. Time used, y^thMer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.71, ist, 10 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 28.89, 15th, 11 .-v
Reduced maximum reading . 31.05, ist, 10 A
Reduced minimum reading, 29.21, 15th, 11 a

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.983

Monthly range 1

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 45.0, 18th, 2.30 P

Lowest -18.0, ist, 7 A

Mean hourly 21.3

Mean of means of max. and min 21.3

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 18.0

Monthly range 63.0

Highest mean daily 35.5. 18th

Lowest mean daily -0.9, ist

Mean maximum 30.9

Mean minimum 11. 7

Mean daily range 19.2

Greatest daily range 35.5,28th

Least daily range 3.5, 26th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 14.3

Mean force of vapor 116

Mean relative humidity 82.9

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 4.45

Total snow, in inches 31.0

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 15

Days of sleighing, 29.

•Temperature in ground shelter.
"Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 4791 m

Greatest daily movement 45om, i6th

Least daily movement 5m, loih

Mean daily movement 165m

Mean hourly velocity 5. ym

Maximum pressure per square foot, 12.0 lbs =

49m per hour, 15th, ip, W.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30m per

hour, 27th, 4P, W.N.W.
Prevailing direction, West Northwest.

Summary.

North 17 per cent

Northwest 17

West Northwest 14

South Southwest 14

West Southwest 10

Other directions 28

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 52 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 82 hours = 28 per cent.

Number of clear days 1 1

Number of fair days 16

Number of cloudy days 2

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 214 hrs, = 72 per cent.

Rain, 6th. loth, 15th, .

Snow, ist, 5th, 6th, 7th, loth, 12th, 13th, 15th,

19th, 2ist, 22d, 23d, 24th, 25th, 28th,

2gtli.
Hail, 6th.
Gales, 49m 15th, W.N.W.:

35111 27th, W. N. W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

Sea Level.

S

3

s

E

s
£

£

3

E

s

i

Sc;^

IS

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

rt X e

S3S.

^ c

tn </)

t C

3 S

31-05

30.73

30.938

3073
30.66

3077
30.67
29.89

30.44
30.43
30,65
29.89
29.32

30.537
30.496
30740
30.369
29.484

29.69
30.01

29.29

29.69

29.479
29.899

30.16

30.14

30.01
29.76

30.151
29.889

29.99
30.09
30.04

29 81

29.9S

29.65

29.945
30.058

29.836

30.09

29.81

29.959

29.81

29.21

29.345

29.88
29.89

2957
2973

29.744

29822

29.79
29.78

30.34

2973
2939
29.78

29.779
29.536
30.138

30-57

30.32

30.489

30.37

30.10

30.152

30.40
29.84

29.84
29.51

29993
29.647

29.51

29.2b

29.340

29.79

29.42

29.546

30.20

29.79

30.041

3033

30.02

30.210

30.02

29.87

29937

14.0

380

37-0
27.5
29.0
34.0
37.0
34.5
340
18.5

34.5
28.0

340
43-0
36.0
.6.5
30.0
45.0
36.0
27.5

33-5
3.10
34.0
340
32.0
19.5
13.0
235
35-0

4 P
3P

2:30 p

"3P

12 P

I P

3:30 p

3P

3P

6:30 p

I P

3P

6 P

3:30 P

7 A
I P

12 P
2:30 P

0 A
4 P

11:30 A

1:30 P

II A

1:30 P

12 M

1:30 P

1 P
I P

3P

-18.0

7 A

9-0

0 A

24.0

8a

17.0

8 A

19.0

7 A

26 0

II p

26 0

12 P

21 5

6:30 A

8.0

12 P

10

6a

3-0

5:30 A

3-5

5:30 A

21.5

3A -

20.0

7A

lO.O

12 P

4.0

12 P

0.0

2:30 A

28.0

2 A

14.0

12 P

8.0

5A

90

7A

16.0

12 P

12 0

5 P

26.0

0 A

17.0

12 P

16.0

12 P

-4.0

5 A

12.0

7 A

13.0

6a

-0.9

-3 5

24.3

21.3

30.0
22.6

26.3
18.7

23.0

21.5

3I-I

30.7

29.9

27.0

25.2

22.3

19.1

20.3

10.9

10.7

163

10.3

19.2

18.3

27.5

27.0

30.5

26.7

23.2

22.0

9-5
18. 1

7-5
19.0

35-5
26.4
18.5

33-3
23-5
167

21.3

16.3

26.7

13.0

25.1

21.7

29.7

18.0

244

,6.5

137

10.3

5.0

4.0

^■3

43

233

19.5

7.8

7.0

6.2

57
1-3
5.8
8.6

9-3

90

1-5
93
7-5
4.4
9.1
4.6

87
7.0
8.5
6.2
10. 1

9-1
7.8
6.2
5.6
8.6
1 0.1
10.2

8.3
10.6

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

F

recipitation.

£

Total in

v

Q

0

a.

>

■-:h

to

S s 2

£ 3 5-

0.

bi

c
"c

bi

Inc

hes.

t

ni

Q

SI

c «;

0 jj 3

'c3 tj

£(5

1) 3
ZZ 0

4)

s

c
'S»
m

'■5

a

W

0

a
in

I

-16.5

.044

77.0

N.W.

107

0.5

10

0 A

8 P

10 P

.01

T

2

18.0

.147

79.0

s.s.w.

79

1.0

14

i:30P

3

230

.158

80.5

N.

150

1-5

17

9P

4

155

.109

82.0

N.E.

288

3-0

24

2 p

5

21.5

.118

ICO.O

N.N.E.

359

3-0

24

8 p

3A

12 P

1-75

12

6

30.0

.172

97-5

N.

395

30

24

I p

0 A

12 P

.62

3

7

23-5

•155

83-5

N.N.W.

183

5-0

32

12 M

0 A

2 A

.08

I

8

19.5

.128

84.0

N.W

24

2.0

20

0:30 P

9

17.0

.119

830

N.W.

10

0.0

—

CO

lO.O

.076

95-5

w.s.w.

5

0.0

—

5A

SP

.22

li

ri

5-5

.077

76.0

w.

8

0-5

10

3P

(2

14.0

.III

79-5

W.N.W.

7

0.0

—

7 P

8 p

.02

T

'3

25-5

.150

94.5

N.

20

1-5

17

6p

9A

8p

.21

2

14

23.0

.163

79-5

S.S.W.

13

1.0

14

4:30?

IS

20.0

•131

90.5

w.

271

12.0

49

I p

5 A

4P

•57

3

i6

4.0

067

81.0

W.N.W.

450

4-5

30

10 A

•7

16 0

•"5

860

s.w.

263

3-0

24

6 P

i8

30.0

.206

795

S.S.W.

176

2.0

20

I A

•9

21.S

.136

88.5

N.N.W.

225

3-5

26

12 M

5A

3P

.22

2i

20

12.0

.103

75.0

N.W.

214

2.0

20

12 M

21

12.0

.100

78.5

W.s.w.

102

0.5

10

8p

8 p

12 p

.26

2

22

8.5

.140

75-5

N.

140

1.0

14

1:30?

0 A

3A

.18

ih

23

18.0

.126

825

E.S.E.

83

0.0

—

—

5P

12 p

.12

I

24

17-5

.104

94.0

N.

86

0.0

—

—

0 A

12 p

■13

I

25

12.0

.100

77-5

N.W.

287

2.0

20

I P

0 A

3A

.02

T

26

60

.076

77-5

W.N.W.

353

3-S

26

7P

27

-I.O

.058

76.0

W.N.W

306

6.0

35

5 P

28

-1-5

.065

76.0

S.S.W.

119

I 5

17

12 M

6p

12 P

.04

i

29

15.0

.115

75-5

W.S.W.

68

0.5

10

8p

0 A

3A

T

T

'Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

* Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during February was exceptional in many ways. The
barometer, which had reached the unprecedented height of 30.99
inches at midnight on the last day of the previous month, continued
to rise until 10 a. m. on the first, when 31.05 inches was recorded,
making a new high record for pressure at this station. The changes
in pressure during the month were generally large and some were
rather rapid. The total range of pressure for the month nearly
equalled the normal range for an entire year. The marked baro-
metric activity was not appreciably reflected in the total wind move-
ment of the month.

The snowfall was by far the most noticeable feature of the month.
The large amount of snow which had accumulated during January,
owing to the absence of any appreciable thaw during that month,
was augmented by a very large snowfall during February. A single
storm early in the month was one of the most severe in recent years.
This was followed by several storms of moderate amounts through-
out the month, so that the total exceeded two and one-half feet. With
practically no thawing weather during the month the accumulated
snowfall of two months was practically all on the ground when the
month closed. Although more or less settlement had taken place
the ground was covered with from two and one-half to three and
one-half feet.

Another feature of interest was the temperature. While the mean
for the month was only about three degrees lower than the normal,
the temperature was above freezing but little of the time. The tem-
perature dropped to eighteen degrees below zero on the first and the
mean hourly for that day w^as below zero. Near the end of the
month very low temperatures were again noted. With the advent
of warmer weather during the coming month swollen rivers and
streams and damage from high water seems inevitable.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
G. S. SMITH, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 375.

MARCH, I920

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATIOIM.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, jr ft. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments 22 ft. Time tised, y^thMer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressnie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30 24, 4th, 9 a
Minimum reduced to freezing, 28.72, 13th, 5 P
Reduced maximum reading . 30.55, 4th, 9 a
Reduced minimum reading, 29.03, 13th, 5 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.972

Monthly range 1

♦Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 70.5,25th, 3.30 p

Lowest -i.o, 2d, 7:30 A

Mean hourly 34 0

Mean of means of max. and min 34 3

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 30.;

Monthly range 71.5

Highest mean daily 47.1.28th

Lowest mean daily 14.5, 2d

Mean maximum 45.4

Mean minitnum 23 2

Mean daily range 22.2

Greatest daily range 43.5,25th

Least daily range 4.0, 5th

Humidity.

Mean dew point 26.6

Mean force of vapor 202

Mean relative humidity 78.2

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 2.90

Total snow, in inches 5.75

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 11

Days of sleighing, 22.

•Temperature in ground shelter.
'•Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 6263 m

Greatest daily movement ..... 537m, 6th

Least daily movement 54ni, iit>i

Mean daily movement 202m

Mean hourly velocity 8.4m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 16.0 lbs=

57m per hour, 6th, 10:30 A, N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36m per

hour, 6th, 11 A, N.W.
Prevailing direction, West.

Summary.

West 19'per cent

West Northwest 16 •'

South Southwest 16 '

West Southwest 13 '

Northwest 13 "

Other directions 23 "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 41 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 129 hours = 35 per cent.

Number of clear days 16

Number of fair days 10

Number of cloudy days 5

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 242 hrs, = 65 per cent.
Rain. 5th. nth, I2tli, 13th, 17th, 26th, 27th,

29th, 30th, 31st.
Snow. 19th, 20th.
Gales, 57111 6th, N.W.; 36m, 7th, W.; f4om,

14th, W. N. W.; 36m, 17th, W.N. W.; 35m,

iSth. N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Teni

perature

. Ground Shelter

S
s
E
><

S

3

E
'S

E

3

£

><

V

S

E

3

E
'c

£

T3

Mean

Hourly

Draper.

Mean
Sensible
Wet Bulb.

3 3
Ot/)

29.97

303!^

3051
305s

30.21

2977
30.21

3034
3028
30.28
30-3 '

30 12

29.58

30.01

30.26

30-15

30.01

30-17

30- '7
29.80
30.26
30.48
3036
3036
30 18
2995
29.81
29.98
29.96
29.86
29 98

29.63
2997
30.38
30.21
29.40
29.17
29.77
3020
30.21

30-13
30.12

2953
2903
29.30
30.01
29.65
29.63
30 01
"29 66
29.38
29.80
3026
30.22
30.18
29.9s
29.61
29.57
29.S1
29.59
29.71
29.76

29.775
30.302
30.497
30429

29 726

29433

30070
30.281
30245
30.189

30 204
29.686

29274
29.741
30.188
29.897
29.862
30.120
29912
29.444
30.046
30.289
30.3'6
30.289
30.068

29794
29.5S8
29.928

29747
29.817
29.965

370

2:30 p

6.0

7:30 A

21-5

21.2

14.0

29.0

4 P

-1.0

7:30 A

14.0

14-5

8.5

440

3P

80

7:30 A

26 0

26.3

20 3

46.0

2:30 P

24-S

6a

35-7

35-3

33-3

44.0

4P

40.0

0 A-

42.0

42.0

41.5

420

OA

1 1 0

12 P

26.5

20 I

16.3

24.5

5:30 P

6.0

8 A

153

14.6

1 1.O

28 0

3P

45

6 A

.6.3

16.4

12.3

38.0

10:30 A

•45

4 A

26.3

27.2

26.7

46.5

3P

30.0

I A

38-3

37-2

33-5

420

45-0

7 P
7 P

24.0
350

5:30 A

330

34-5
40.9

33-5
4J-3

4A

40.0

43-0

0 A

21 0

12 P

32.0

35 4

27.7

245

6p

17.0

7 A

207

20.7

18.7

42.0

3P

15.0

6:30 A

285

29.8

28.3

44 -o

2:30 p

31.0

0 A

37-5

37 9

3^-3

420

2:30 p

30-0

12 P

36 0

376

33-5

38.0

0:30 p

19.0

12 P

285

295

27.0

34.5

3P

15-5

2-30 A

250

26.6

243

34-0

3P

26 0

3 A

300

29.4

30-7

48.0

2:30 p

22.0

7:30 A

350

35-3

32-3

51.0

4 P

26 0

3:30 A

3'^-5

39-3

35-0

65.0

5 P

3'o

6:30 A

48.0

46.5

3«-5

68.0

4:30 p

28.0

6:30 A

48.0

45 •«

.3«7

70.5

3:30 P

27.0

6a

_A^

46.6

405

57-0

4P

36.0

6:30 A

465

45 4

43-5

S'o

4P

39.0

5:30 A

450

448

43 5

66.0

3:30 P

350

12 P

50.5

47-'

39-0

49.0

8:30 p

29.0

4 A

390

37-9

37-5

520

5 P

35-5

7 A

43-7

43-5

37-5

60.5

3P

340

6 a

47.2

45-9

37-7

10.4

10.5
6.7

7-5

6.0

7.6

1 10

10 o

10. 1

9-5

4-3

0.0

0.0

7.0

1 0.0

5-0

7-2

11.5

73

0.3

12.0

12.0

II-5
10.8

"-3

7-'

42

1 12

0-3
9-7
9.8

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

i^

Total in

Q

0

p.

be ■

V c/l

S 5 cr

p.

bi

c

'c

bi

Inches.

t

>>
Q

- *>

<i> D 3

d 0

> V
V >-

r3 }> >~

J) 3
~ 0

0)

a

c
'Sij

CQ

-5

c
W

c

is

0

c

I

9-5

092

75-5

N.W.

214

15

17

12 M

2

9-5

081

7'-5

W.

93

0-5

10

3 A

3

17.0

133

800

S.S.W.

121

1.0

14

2 P

4

31 0

202

89 0

S.S.E.

112

05

ID

4 P

S

41.0

270

96.C

S S.E

247

2.0

20

I p

II A

12 P

.90

6

130

096

85.0

W.N.W.

537

16.0

57

lO^A

7

55

083

740

W.S.W.

419

6.5

36

9A

8

7 5

0S7

75-0

W.S.W.

225

2 0

20

3P

9

21 0

■63

70.5

W.

227

2.5

22

i:30P

10

30.0

209

78.0

S.W.

161

1-5

17

4 P

1 1

3. 0

204

87 0

S.S.W.

34

0.0

—

—

II A

5 P

•03

12

40.5

265

940

S.S.W.

143

30

24

iidP

3A

12 P

08

'3

320

189

97 5

N.

23'

5-5

33

10 P

0 A

ID P

.80

'4

15-5

110

820

N.W.

466

80

40

5 A

'5

21.5

168

71.0

W.S.W.

132

30

24

2 A

(6

36.5

242

89.5

S.S.W.

214

35

26

3 P

'7

28. 0

216

69.5

W.N.W.

377

6.5

36

9A

0 A

2 A

,01

i8

21-5

160

73-5

W.N.W.

402

6.0

35

6a

'9

22.5

136

90.5

WS.W.

68

10

'4

6 p

5P

12 P

•25

2

20

30 0

171

97-5

N.N.W.

182

2.0

20

2 p

0 A

6p

■44

35

21

265

207

70,5

W.

163

30

24

3A

22

25-5

251

56.0

w.

136

I.O

14

I I'

23

320

275

645

S.S.W.

140

0-5

ID

3 P

24

32-5

275

68-5

s.

80

0.0

?5

34 -o

3'«

63.5

N W.

78

0 0

—

—

26

4f.5

298

890

W.

80

1-5

17

6p

6p

12 P

.22

27

43-0

289

965

w.

'3'

25

22

4 P

0 A

10 A

•03

28

29.0

309

51 5

N.W.

238

2.5

22

5 A

29

36.0

23'

91 0

S.W.

48

4.5

30

10 p

9:30 A

10 P

•3

30

300

272

62.5

W.N.W

364

5-5

33

I p

8:30 P

10 P

.01

31

30-5

275

63-5

W.N.W.

200

1-5

17

2 A

II P

T

*Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during March was generally seasonabb and pre-
sented few features of interest. The transition from Winter to
Spring was nearly complete when the month closed. The large
amount of snow on the ground at the close of February showed but
little shrinkage during the first half of the month but by the last of
the month the snow, except where drifted, had entirely disappeared
without causing extremely high water in the smaller streams of this
locality. When the snow had disappeared it was found that there
was but little frost in the ground and the fields dried rapidly. The
last third of the month had a number of unusually warm days for
the time of year.

The mean barometer was slightly lower than the normal and the
range of pressure was rather large. Large fluctuations in pressure
were recorded and the total wind movement was about ten per cent
more than usual. The wind was nearly all from the Western points
of the compass.

The mean temperature was practically normal and the range un-
usually large. This last feature was due to a maximum temperature
nearly eight degrees higher than usual and a mimimum, nearly six
degrees lower than usual. On the 25th the range for the day was
nearly as large as a monthly range in mid-summer. The mean dew
point was practically normal and the relative humidity slightly higher
than usual.

The total precipation was about three-fourths of the normal and
was well distributed throughout the month. At the equinoctial
period the only snowstorm of the month occurred. This was nearly
six inches but it melted in a few days. The amount of clear sun-
shiny weather was more than usual.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

G. S. SMITH, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 376.

APRIL, 1920

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, S^ ft- Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments J 2 ft. I'ime used, y^thMer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressnie. In inches.

Maximum reduced to ffeezing, 29. S4, ist, S a;

26th, S A.
Minimum reduced to freezing, 28.89, 5th, 5 p
Reduced maximum reading . 30.14, ist, 8 A

26th, S A.
Reduced minimum reading, 29.20, 5th, 5 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 29,823

Monthly range 0.94

♦Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 74-5. 20th, 3 p

Lowest 22.0, 9th, 5 a; loth, 6 a

Mean hourly 43-2

Mean of means of max. and min 43.2

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 3S.6

Monthly range 52.5

Highest mean daily 53-6. 20th

Lowest mean daily 29.4, 8th

Mean maximum 52-5

Mean minimum 33 9

Mean daily range 18.6

Greatest daily range 43.0, 20th

Least daily range 3.5, 2d

Humidity.

Mean dew point 33.2

Mean force of vapor 277

Mean relative humidity 72.5

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 4

Total snow, in inches 1.5

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 12

Days of sleighing. None.
•Temperature in ground shelter.
••Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 615S m

Greatest daily movement 507m, 6th

Least daily movement 63m, 22d

Mean daily movement 205m

Mean hourly velocity 8. 5m

Maximnm pressure per square foot, 8.5 lbs =

41m per hour, 6th, i p, W.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 35m per

hour, 6th, 1 p, W.N.W.
Prevailing direction, West Nort'iwest.

Summary.

West 13 per cent

West Northwest 20 "' "

South .Southwest 10 " "

North 13 " "

Northwest 13 " "

Other directions 31 "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 51 percent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 184 hours = 46 per cent.

Number of clear days 13

Number of fair days 5

Number of cloudy days 12

Bright Suusliine.

Number hours recorded, 218 hrs, = 54 per cent.
Rain. 4th. 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 12th, 13th, 15th,

2ist, 23d, 24th. 27th, 2Sth, 29th.
Snow. 4th, 6th, 7th, 8th.
Tiiunder and Liiihtninii, 23d.
Frost, after the 15th: iStli, 2ot]i, 26tli.
Gales. 41m. 6th, W.N.W.; 37111, 13th, S.S.W.:

37m, 24tli, N. W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

OJ

Sea Level.

Tem

perature

. Ground Shelter

a

a

3

S

3

S

c4

6

s

s

0)

S
'a

0 s

305

o'.Sf

Q

IS

S

s

H

i

H

lu 0 M

Sc^^

=^«

I

30-14

30.01

30.109

60.5

3P

34-0

4A

4Z-3

446

38-7

9.8

2

30.08

29 61

29.S03

37-5

6 P

340

2 A

35-7

35-7

35-7

0.0

3

29.99

29.86

29-933

590

4P

3>5

6 A

45.2

45-8

39-5

11.9

4

30.01

29.77

29.899

44.0

0 A

350

1:30 p

39-5

37-4

35-5

0.0

5

2979

29 20

29-399

40.5

6p

33-0

12 P

367

37-7

36.5

0.0

6

29.81

29.32

29.656

38.5

I p

27.0

7:30 A

32 7

32-4

28.5

1 0.0

7

29.79

29 5'

29.580

41.0

4:30 p

27.0

6:30 A

34-0

33-3

293

6-5

8

29.84

29.65

29.725

35-0

4P

24-5

6:30 A

297

294

257

1 1.6

9

29.96

29.84

29.875

38.0

3:30 P

22.0

5A

30.0

30.7

27-3

II.O

(0

30.02

29.84

299II

53-5

5P

22 0

6 A

37-7

37-7

34 -o

12.5

11

30.01

29.90

29.963

52.5

2 P

26.0

6 A

39-3

40.1

36.5

10.8

12

30.01

29.67

29874

51-5

I p

26.5

5 A

390

41.2

37 5

4-7

•3

29.67

2937

29.480

55-0

II A

35 -o

12 P

45.0

46 0

41-5

0 0

14

2986

29.57

29724

50.5

3:30 P

31-5

6 A

41.0

40.6

34-5

11.9

t5

29.90

29.75

29.834

5S.0

2 P

30.0

6a

44 -o

45.0

41.7

11.5

(6

29.80

29.63

29 673

54.0

4 P

43 5

5A

48.7

47-3

42.5

2-3

'7

30.02

2975

29.924

57-0

5P

42.5

12 P

49-7

46.5

4' 5

8.5

i8

30.10

3002

30.088

58.0

11:30 A

3'o

6 a

44 5

46 1

41.0

10.7

'9

3008

2990

29.990

68.0

s p

340

5A

5'0

52.3

45 3

12.8

20

30.07

29.92

29.999

74-5

3P

32.5

6 a

53-5

53-6

44.0

12.0

21

29.95

29-53

29.684

5'-o

0 A

43-5

6 A

47-3

45 4

44.0

0.0

22

29.96

29.62

29.862

58.0

5P

42.5

6 A

50.3

47-7

44.0

3-7

23

2993

2955

29635

53-0

6 p

44-5

6 a

48.7

48.3

47-3

0.0

24

29.88

29.54

29.701

510

2 p

40.0

12 p

45 5

45-3

390

1 0.1

25

30.09

29.S8

30.035

56.5

5 P

36.5

6a

46.5

46.0

39-7

12.5

26

30 14

29.89

30.021

63-5

2:30 p

31-5

6 a

47-5

49 4

41.7

II 3

27

30-03

29.87

29-943

52-5

3P

380

12 p

453

489

40.0

2-5

28

29.87

29-54

29.657

49.0

5:30 P

40.0

0 A

445

44-9

39-0

3-5

29

29.92

29.71

29.819

555

3-^o P

38.0

4A

46.7

46.5

43 7

5.0

30

29.99

29.87

29.902

600

3P

40.0

4:30 A

50.0

49.2

43-3

11-3

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

F

recipitation.

(^

Total in

Q

>

•-5

1) «

S 3 a-

ft

be

c
'S

bi

Inches.

»

>>

<" 3

rt rt £
<u u S

'c5 1)

(U t.

3>s
0°^

ro tL> >-

rn 0

1)

E

c
'Sj

-3

c

d

0

Q

So. S

Stii

Ssiffi

ia

HS.S

S0:;S

SK

H

m

w

Oi

Crt

I

320

283

645

S S.E.

'33

1-5

'7

6p

2

35-5

208

98 .0

N.

143

'•5

17

12 p

3

29.5

317

54-5

W.

150

5.0

32

2 p

4

32.0

219

825

W.N.VV.

127

0.0

—

II A

12 P

■42

T

5

350

224

9'S

N.N.VV.

140

IS

'7

8 P

0 A

7 P

•52

6

24.5

.67

79-5

W.N.W.

507

8.5

4'

I P

8a

9A

T

T

7

25 0

174

84.0

VV.N.W.

217

4.0

28

4 P

2 A

10 A

.16

'*

8

19-5

156

700

W.N.W.

387

5-0

32

12 M

II A

1 P

T

T

9

19.0

172

61.5

W.N.W.

197

'•5

17

3:30?

lO

25-5

236

580

N.

'39

I.O

'4

I t P

(I

31-5

244

•72.0

N.N.E.

121

1.0

14

8 A

12

33S

263

76.5

s.s.w.

in

2-5

22

2 P

6 P

12 P

•44

13

37-5

287

790

w.

346

7.0

37

I P

0 A

6 P

.86

'4

25-5

250

555

N.W.

246

2-5

22

10 A

'5

36.S

309

725

w.s.w.

313

30

24

9P

7 P

II P

.02

[6

390

304

78.5

w^

244

30

24

8a

'7

35-0

293

69.5

E.S.E.

"9

I 0

14

2 p

18

32-5

323

S7-0

N.

168

3-5

26

I p

>9

350

414

490

N.N.W.

303

5-5

33

10 A

20

33-5

404

490

W.S.W.

117

1.0

'4

10 A

21

430

300

92 0

N.N.E.

140

0.0

—

—

I A

12 P

•45

22

42.0

312

85.5

S.S.W.

63

00

—

—

23

45-5

350

88.0

s.s.w.

131

2.0

20

9A

I A

12 P

•44

24

3'-5

286

63.0

N.W.

360

7.0

37

2 P

0 A

3 A

.oS

25

30.0

302

55-5

N W.

302

4-5

30

I P

26

335

34S

66.5

N.W.

'38

'■5

17

I I A

27

375

265

85. c

E S.E.

'32

1.0

14

2 P

6 p

12 P

.28

28

37-0

248

89.5

N.

172

2.5

22

0:30 P

0 A

2 P

1.03

29

41.0

321

80.5

W.

247

5-5

- 33

6 p

6 p

7 P

.01

30

37-5

332

67.5

W.N.W

245

2.0

20

I p

**Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

* Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during April was considerably colder than the
noiTnal for this month, and the precipitation was greater than
usual. A large wind movement was recorded, although only a
few gales were registered. The seasonal progress was slow, and
but little work was done toward spring planting. But few frosts
were noted after the middle of the month.

A comparison of the records of the severel weather elements
with their respective normals shows the following features of in-
terest: The mean barometer was unusually low and the range
rather small. The mean daily barometer was above 30 inches
on only four days. Although the fluctuations in pressure were
not large the total wind movement was nearly one-sixth more
than usual. Most of the wind was from the northwest quad-
rant.

The mean hourly temperature was more than three degrees
below the normal, although the minimum for the m.onth was
practically normal. The maximum temperature was about five
degrees lower than usual. The range of temperature on the 20th
was unusually large.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both consid-
erably more than the normal.

The total precipitation was more than fifty per cent above the
normal and was well distributed throughout the month. One
snow storm and one thunder storm were noted.

The percentage of sunshine was nearly the normal amount.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
G. S. SMITH, Observer.

Correction to March Bulletin, No. j/j.

Precipitation on the 6th should read 0 a to 1 p., .73 in rain col-
umn and 4 inches of snow in snow column, and the total precii^i-
tation should read 3.63 inches. Total snow 9| inches.

BULLETIN No. 377.

MAY, 1920

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGIIICULTUIUL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72" 31' 10" \V.

Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level^ -^/J-J ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments y 2 ft. Time used, y^thMer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.15, 17th, 8 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.42, ist, 5 A
Reduced maximum reading . 30.45, 17th, 8 a
Reduced minimum reading, 29.72, ist, 5 A

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.056

Montlily range 0 73

*Air Temperaiure. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 83 5, 2Sth, 3 i-

Lowest 30.5, 5th, 5,30 A

Mean hourly 54.6

Mean of means of max. and min 54.5

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 49.

Monthly range 53.0

Highest mean daily 67.6.,^Sth

Lowest mean daily 41.0, 4th

Mean maximum 66.5

Mean minimum 42.6

Mean daily range 23.9

Greatest daily range 39.0, 17th

Least daily range 5.5, 2isl

HumidKy.

Mean dew point 44.3

Mean force of vapor 431

Mean relative humidity 71.1

Wind.

Total movement 3703 m

Greatest daily movement 207m, loth

Least daily movement 42m, 24th

Mean daily movement 120m

Mean hourly velocity 5.0m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 5.0 lbs =

32m per hour, loth, 12 p, N.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30m per

hour, 10th, II p, N.N.W.
Prevailing direction. West.

Summary.

West 16 per cent

West Northwest 13

South Southwest 13

North Northwest : . 10

Northwest 10

West Southwest 10

Southwest 10

Other directions iS

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 39 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . .172 liours = 38 per cent.

Number of clear days 14

Number of fair days 13

Number of cloudy days 4

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 281 in's, = 62 per cent.
Itain. 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th. jth, 7tli, Sth, 9th, loth.
Precipitation. In inches. ,,tl,^ ,3th^ 14th, 20th, 21st, 22d.

Total precipitation, in inches 3.65 Thunder and I.itihtninu. 14th, 20th.

Number of days on which .01 inch or mure II ail. 2d, 4tli.

rain fell iduales. none.

* Temperature in ground shelter.
♦•Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Tern

perature

. Ground Shelter

°2

E

g

E

3
E
'5

'3
SE

E

3

><

c4

V

E

S
3
E
'S

s

T3

4) "3

lit;

il a

6 >«

Q

s

S

s

H

S

H

OJ Co .M

0) 0 k,

s<^^

^ffl

t

29 82 29 72

29.768

55-5

3P

41.0

12 P

48.3

48-3

39-7

5-9

2

29.90 29 77

29.821

530

1:30 p

34-5

6a

437

49-0

42.0

9.3

3

30.00

29.90

29.976

54-0

3r

390

7 A

46.5

465

430

8.7

4

30.21

2993

30.043

590

4:30 p

350

12 P

47.0

41.0

37-3

6.3

5

30-35

30.21

30.296

63.0

5 P

305

5:30 A

467

47.3

43-0

135

6

30-34

30-17

30.258

69.0

4:30 p

33-0

6 a

51.0

51 5

45.0

13.0

7

30.22

30.08

30.143

66.0

0:30 p

37-5

6 a

5'-7

52.2

44 3

8.5

8

30-13

29.S9

29.999

51.5

6p

440

6a

47.7

48.7

48.3

0.0

9

2989

29.77

29.822

67.5

3P

42.0

7 a

54.7

54.0

48.5

II. 0

10

30.01

29.78

29.892

65.0

9:30 A

39-5

6 a

52.3

54-7

48.0

60

II

3005

29.92

29.983

5'. 5

3P

39.0

5A

45.3

44 7

430

0.0

12

30.00

29.92

29.963

66.5

4 I'

340

5:30 A

50.3

5 '9

46.0

12.3

•3

29.94

29.S4

29.899

62.0

3:.^o p

44.0

7A

530

52,0

463

55

'4

30.10

29.94

30.034

54 5

1:30 P

42.0

12 P

48.3

47-5

44.3

5-3

'5

3034

30 10

30.219

61.5

5:30 P

41.0

5A

51 3

50.2

46.5

I I.O

i6

3043

30.34

30.396

710

6 P

35-0

6 A

53-0

54.3

47 0

•34

'7

3045

30.25

30.349

77.0

4:30 p

38.0

6a

57.5

59.2

50.5

132

i8

30.27

3009

30.281

74.0

4 P

44-5

6 A

59.3

590

50.0

132

•9

30 14

29-93

30.020

78.5

4P

430

5:30 A

60.7

62.0

55-3

12.8

20

29.99

29.96

29-983

74.5

2 P

53 5

5:30 A

64.0

627

59.0

8.7

21

29.98

29-93

29.957

60.5

4 P

550

12 P

57-7

57 9

56.0

0.3

22

30.20

29-93

30.066

57.0

8 A

45.0

12 P

51.0

50.8

49.7

0.6

23

30.30

30.20

30.260

60.0

4 P

42.5

7 A

5^3

502

45 7

7.9

24

30.23

30.1 1

30.163

655

5 P

48.0

6 A

563

55-0

50.5

7-0

25

30.12

30.04

30.094

70.0

4 P

470

6 A

5S.5

58.3

54.0

7.6

26

30.08

30.00

30.051

76.5

5P

530

5 A

64.7

64.5

58.5

12.4

27

30.05

29.89

29.970

82.0

3:30 P

46.0

6a

64 0

64.5

57.7

13-3

28

29.97

29-77

29 842

835

3P

51.0

5:30 A

67.3

67.6

56.5

13-5

29

30-03

29.83

29.936

77.0

5 P

48.0

5 A

62.5

634

55-7

139

30

30.12

30.03

30.121

78. 0

4P

48 c

5:30 A

63.0

625

57-0

13.5

31

30.21

30.07

30143

77.0

2 p

46.0

5A

6.5

60.0

583

12.9

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

k^'

Q

o

C »>

C •"'"

>>

rt 5

ni a

rt rt c

rt

«J o

ii O

<U ») 3

D

^CL,

StS

S:iS5:

Wind.

a,Q

— *- ^

E 3 CT
rt tU fc.

I

31S

2

37-5

3

390

4

33-5

5

35-5

6

3«5

7

370

8

46.5

9

44-5

10

42.0

II

41.0

12

38.0

'3

42.5

'4

420

'5

41.0

16

37-5

'7

42.5

i8

40.5

'9

50.0

20

57-5

21

55-0

22

49.0

23

43 5

24

47 -o

25

46.5

26

53-5

27

530

28

4«.5

29

50.0

30

53-S

31

5"-5

309
304
312
24S
350
369
372

357
400
427
299
403
367
3'7
364
452
502
506

545
538

430

382

340
425
490
625
611
644

578
582

5 '7

59.0
75.C

755
80.0
60.0

645
60.5
890
76.0
62.0
855
57-5
720
84.5
71.0
495
54-5
49-5
66.0
89.5
91.5
91.5
81.S
76.0
64.5

65.5
67.0

53-5
61.0

860
85-5

N.VV.

167

N.W.

170

W.

97

N.N.VV.

'54

N.N.W.

107

W.

"S

s.w.

130

w.

73

N.W.

131

W.N.W.

207

W.S.W.

85

W.N.W.

79

W.S.W.

79

W.S.W.

10^

N.N.W.

178

W.N.W.

71

s.s.w.

69

s.s.w.

153

s.w.

99

s.w.

105

s s.w.

79

N.E.

182

E.

161

E.S.E.

42

E N.E.

98

E.

143

W.

49

w.

129

N.

142

W.N.W

104

S S.W.

202

30

2.0
0.0
3-5
1-5
1-5
3-5
0.0

30

5-0
i.o
I o

05
0.5

2.0

0.5

1.0

1-5
10

1-5
05

2-5

0 o
0.0

1 o

0.5

2.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
30

r^ o

24

20

26
17
17

26

24
32
14
14
10
10
20
10
14
17
14
17
10

14

14
20

24

5:30?

10 P

9:30?

7 P

6 P

12 p

2 p

2 p

4 P

4 P

I I A

10 A

6p

10 P

8 p

4 P
6 p
6 p

6 P

10 A
10 P

6 p
6p
2 p

Precipitation.

Total in
Inches.

3:30P
9A

3 P
3A

3 I

10 A
O A

3 I

7 A

4 A
O A

4 P

O A
O A

4:30 P

4 P
6 p
6 P

4 P
12 P

4A

5 P
4 P

12 p
9P

12 p
12 p
9P

•03
T

•30

T

.90
.08
T

.07

•05
•79

.16

1. 14

•13

'Kain or melted snow at base of tower.

* Included in following day.

REMARKS

The backwardness of the season, which was io pronounced at
the close of April, continued throughout this month. In most
respects the season's advance was fully three week's behind the
normal. Temperatures ruled low during the first half of the
month, and considerable wet weather helped to retard the sea-
son's progress. The last third of the month was free from rain,
and somewhat higher temperatures were recorded. On the whole
the weather was very unfavorable for growing crops. The soil
moisture was excessive on all but the lightest soil.

An examination of the records of the several weather elements
shows the following features of interest: The mean barometer
was considerably higher than the normal and the range of pres-
sure was less than usual. The total wind movement was about
80 per cent of the normal, and no gales were noted. The wind
direction was more variable than usual.

The mean temperature was three degrees below the normal
and the range less than usual. The maximum temperature was
more than three degrees below the normal and the minimum was
practically normal. On only two days near the last of the
month was a temperature above 80 degrees recorded. A few light
frosts were noted early in the month.

The mean dew point was more than three degrees lower than
usual, and the relative humidity slightly higher than the normal.

The total precipitation was nearly normal, and most of it oc-
curred during two heavy storms; the first on the 8th — 9th, and
the second on the 20th — 2 2d. This second storm proved to be
the last one of the month and was followed by some fairly sea- ,
sonable weather.

The amount of sunshine was considerably more than normal.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
G. S. SMITH, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 378.

JUNE, 1920

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, ^i ft. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft.
Height of Wind Instnitnents ^2 ft. Time used, y^thAfer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressuie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.04, 27th, g A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.29, i6th, 2 p
Reduced maximum reading . 30.32, 27th, 9 A
Reduced minimum reading, 29.54, i6tli, 2 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.952

Monthly range 0.78

*Air Tempera<ure. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest SS.o, nth, 2 p; 27th, 4 P

Lowest 45-0, 20th, 6 A

Mean hourly 64.5

Mean of means of max. and min 64.7

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 59-4

Mc)nthly range 43-o

Highest mean daily 73-6. 2d

Lowest mean daily 50.3, iSth

Mean maximum 75-3

Mean minimum 541

Mean daily range 21.2

Greatest daily range 35.5,10th

Least daily range 6.0, 18th

Hamidity.

Mean dew point 56-9

Mean force of vapor 618

Mean relative humidity 77.5

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 6.26

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell

•Temperature in ground shelter.

•'Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 3055 m

Greatest daily movement 201m, 7tli

Least daily movement 30m, 24th

Mean daily movement 102m

Mean hourly velocity 4.2m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 3.5 lbs =

26m per hour, 2gth, 3 p, S.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m per

hour, 29th, 2P, S.
Prevailing direction. North.

Summary.

North Northeast 23 per cent

North Northwest 10 " "

South 23 ■' "

South Southwest 10 " "

Other directions 34 "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 51 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 216 hours = 47 per cent.

Number of clear days 9

Number of fair days 13

Number of cloudy days 8

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 241 hrs, 53 = per cent.
Rain. 3d, 5th. 6th, 13th, 15th, 16th, 17th,

18th, 2ISt, 22d, 2Sth, 29th, 30th.

Thnnder and Lightning. 15th, 29th, 30th.
Hail. 29th.
Gnles. ncjiie.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

Sea Level.

a

E

rt

B

e

'5

s

3

s

S

s.jj

s

Temperature. Ground Shelter.

rt >< ci
(U rt.-

"i 3 rt
lU o S

I' c
3 3
Oc/3

ffi-M

I

30.09

2

3

4

3002
30.06
30.18

1

30.12
2988

7

29.96

8

30.01

9

30.07

lO

II

30.07
29 96

12

30 02

13

30.00

14

29.90

15

r6

29.82
29.65

'7

29.79

t8

30.00

'9

30-' 3

20

30.18

21

22

30.12
29.86

23

30 10

24

30.1S

25

30- 1 4

2b

30.27

27

30-32

28

30.20

29

2994

30

29.83

29.97
29.82
29.83

30.06

29.87

29.84
2985
29.95
2999

29.90

29.82
29,91
29.87

29.76

2965
29.54
29.65
29.79
29.99

30.10

2974

29-74
29.86
30.10
30 07
30- > 4
30.20
29.94
29.79
29.69

30.037
29.920

29-937
30.134
29.979
29847
29.91 1
29.980
30032
29.990
29.897
29.977
29.932
29.822
29 706
29556
29.714
29 926
30.0S2
30.144
29.S22
29 810
30-034
30.136
30-136
30.228
30.264
30.049
29.S50
29 702

85.0

87-5
78.0
680
580
63.0
630
64.0
7S.0
83.0
88.0
80.0
63 o
840
82.5
75.0
60.0
540
710

75-5
61.0

75-0
79.0
800
82.0

83-5
880

83-5
835
82.0

2:30 p
2:30 p

11:30 A

1:30 P

O A

4 H

3 i^
6 p

4 i"

5 P

2 P
1:30 p

0 A
3:30 P

1 P

3 P
O A

12 M

4 H
4 P

12 P
12 M

2 P

5 '^

5 P

4 P

4 P

I 2 M

I P
4P

S40

5A

60 5

5 A

63 0

12 P

540

6a

48.0

12 p

4S.0

0 A

51.0

5 A

46 0

5 A

48.0

5 A

47-5

5 A

55.S

5A

63.0

12 P

55-0

9A

54-0

6a

6r-5

5:30 a

60.0

12 1^

51.0

12 P

48.0

12 P

46.5

3:30 A

45-0

6 a

52-0

7 A

61.0

6a

570

5 A

49.0

6 a

57.0

12 p

49-5

5 A

530

6a

S7-0

5:30 A

64 0

12 P

64.5

3A

69.5
74.0
705

61.0

53-0
555
570

55-0
630

653
71.7

715

59-0
69 0
720
67.5
55-5
51.0

587
60.3

56.5
68.0
6S.0

645
69 o
66.5
70.5
70.3
73 7
733

68.9

635

73-6

68.5

69 0

63-3

t.2.2

■54-7

51.3

49-5

53-9

51 7

57-7

52.0

5(^-4

52.5

63. S

565

65-4

S8-3

70.7

62.0

70 6

623

S8.o

54-3

68.7

6. .7

70.2

62.3

667

64 0

54.6

53-0

50.3

48.7

582

54-5

60.5

58.0

S67

56.0

66.8

630

67.9

63.0

68.9

62.0

693

59-5

68.9

62.0

72.1

637

71-3

68.0

70.5

67.7

71-3

705

II. 7
12.3

5-5

10.5

0.0

2.7

7-7
7.0
8.0

10.5
93
95
0.0

12.0

9-5
44
0.0
0.0
II o

12.0

0.5

7.0

12.0

12.4

12.8

13-7
130

9.8
6.7
9-5

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

i^

Total in

Q

0

Q.
nl

>

Il

c .

S —

0.

bi
c

'c

bi

Inches.

#

c *^ C

3 V

c -ti'"

d u

•^ <Si-rj

t/) t-l

oi

c

g:

4)3 0

^ 0

V 1-

0 °t

V 3

H

'bi

•3

n

c

0

Q

«5CL, S

si,

SiiS

iQ

HS.5

f^a-a.

SK

H

m

W

Cti

(/)

I

585

720

730

s s.w.

122

1-5

17

5 P

2

67 0

S05

82.0

s.

171

30

24

5 P

3

69.5

784

87.0

W.N.W.

102

I.O

14

I p

1:30 P

3 P

.04

4

49-5

551

62.5

N.N.E.

107

I.O

14

2 A

5

48.5

364

93-5

N.

'35

0.5

10

8 A

I A

12 p

.61

6

50.0

347

86.5

W.N.W.

>i3

0.5

10

I p

0 A

2 p

•17

7

47-5

473

69-5

N.N.W.

201

2.5

22

II p

8

47-5

493

67.0

N.N.E.

68

0.5

10

9A

9

52.0

569

69 0

N.E.

97

I.O

14

I p

lO

54 5

675

69.5

S.W.

84

0-5

10

8 p

II

58.5

709

72.0

iN.N.W.

117

05

10

5P

12

57.0

750

64.0

N.N.E.

127

I.O

14

I p

13

530

460

86.5

S.

105

0.0

—

—

2 A

10 A

•15

«4

57-5

730

70.0

N.N.W.

70

I.O

14

5P

IS

60.0

648

83.0

s w.

88

30

24

4 P

3P

12 P

•32

i6

62.5

643

88.0

N.N.E.

38

0.5

10

10 p

OA

5 P

.14

•7

51.0

403

865

N.E.

90

05

10

10 p

0 A

12 p

2.46

i8

48.S

362

90.5

N.N.E.

140

0.5

10

10 A

0 A

5 P

•36

'9

51.0

485

77.0

N.N.E.

5'

1-5

17

II A

20

54.S

546

76 0

S.

65

2.0

20

7 P

21

550

467

930

N.

53

3-0

24

I P

2 A

5 P

•35

22

615

633

87.5

S.

72

2.5

22

2 P

8 A

I p

.06

23

64.0

670

76,0

s.s.w.

90

0.0

—

24

585

657

74-5

s.s.w.

30

0.0

—

25

53-5

729

58.5

N.N.E.

124

25

22

3P

26

57-0

73^

64.5

E.N.E.

95

I.O

14

12 M

27

59-0

760

67.S

S.

47

0.5

10

4 P

28

65.5

8.5

78.5

S.S E.

87

05

10

12 M

I P

2 p

T

29

65.5

754

82.5

S.

198

3-5

26

3P

1:30 P

9P

1.40

30

69.5

754

88.5

S.

168

1-5

17

I P

5 P

6 p

.20

••Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

* Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during June was more nearly normal than for some
months past, although having some unusual features. The temper-
ature was a little lower than usual and high temperatures were not
registered. Some unusually heavy rain-storms occurred and the per-
cipitation was very large. The ground in many places is excessively
wetand growing crops have not made good progress. The last week
of the month was good summer weather.

The records of the several weather elements show the following
features of interest : The mean barometer was practically normal and
the range about the usual amount. The total wind movement was
small and not a single gale was recorded. The wind direction was
rather variable and an unusually large amount was from the South.

The mean temperature was slightly lower than the normal and
the range was very small. This was due to a rather low maximum
and a minimum more than five degrees higher than usual. Two
periods of low temperature were noted ; the first covering the time
from the 4th to the 8th, and the second extending from the i6th to
the 22d.

The mean dew point was practically normal and the relative
humidity about 5 per cent higher than usual.

The total precipitation was nearly twice the normal for June and
practically one-half of it fell during a rainy period about the middle
of the month. On the 29th a very heavy thunder shower with some
hail and shifting wind occurred and more than an inch of rain fell in
about an hour.

The amount of sunshine was slightly less than the normal.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
G. E. LINDSKOG, Acting Observer.

BULLETIN No. 379.

JULY. 1920

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGIUCULTUIUL EXPEllIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72^ 31' 10" W,

Height of haro meter above ground, ^T ft. Above sea level, 2YJ.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruine/its y2 ft. I'ii/ie i/scd, y^th Afer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressiiie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 29.95, nth, 8 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.23, 24th, 4 a
Reduced maximum reading . 30.24, nth, 8 A
Reduced minimum reading, 29.52, 24th, 4 A

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.961

Montlily range 0.72

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest S7.5, 13th, 3:30 P

Lowest 45-0. 26th, 5 A

Mean hourly 68.3

Mean of means of max. and niin 68.7

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 63.7

Monthly range 42-5

Highest mean daily 74-4. 13th

Lowest mean daily 59-7i 26th

Mean maximum 80.0

Mean minimum 57-5

Mean daily range 22.5

Greatest daily range 36.5,27th

Least daily range 9-0, 3d

Humidity.

Mean dew point 60,9

Mean force of vapor 686

Mean relative humidity 77.6

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 2.06

Number of days on which .01 inch or more
rain fell lo

•Temperature in ground shelter.
••Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 3S17 m

Greatest daily movement 239m, 4th

Least daily movement 33m, 27tli

Mean daily movement 123m

Mean hourly velocity 5.1n1

Maximum pressure per sciuare foot, 7.5 lbs =

39m per hour, 4th, 4 p, W.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 27m per

hour, 4th, 2P, W.N.W.
Prevailing direction. Southwest.

Summary.

South -Southwest 23 per cent

South 32 ■' "

Other directions 45 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 50 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 140 hours = 30 per cent.

Number of clear days 15

Number of fair days 13

Number of cloudy days .• 3

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 322 hrs, 70= per cent.
Kain. 2d, 3d, 7th. 9th, 12th, 15th, iSth,

19th, 23d, 24th, 30th, 31st.
Thunder and Liiihtninti. 9th. 15th, 20th,

22d,23d, 24tli, 30th, 31st.
Gales. '39m, 4th, W.N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

<U

Sea Level.

Temperature

. Groun

d Shelter.

S

3

£

6

0)

£
3

£

a3

1

c5^

u a
3 3

'5

Ss

><

£

'£

£

? 'i'^

gP

get;

o.Sf

Q

IS

iS

SJ5

S

H

S

H

0 0 u

s^^

I

2991

29.75

29844

80.0

4P

58.0

5A

69 0

69.1

63-5

13-7

2

29.92

29.78

29855

79 5

3:30 P

54-5

5A

67.0

68.0

62.5

10.3

3

29.79

29.60

29-635

66.0

5:30 P

57.0

12 P

61.5

62.7

615

3-2

4

2977

29 60

29.680

71.0

12 M

56.0

3A

635

615

57.0

lO.O

S

29 9S

29.76

2 9.8 56

74.0

3P

56.0

12 P

65.0

64.5

59-7

"-5

6

30-05

29.98

30.016

81.5

4 P

50.0

5:30 A

65.7

66.8

62.0

130

7

3002

2983

29.910

8t.5

2:30 P

62.0

5 A

71 7

70.2

66.0

7.0

8

29.9S

2985

29.918

80.0

II A

600

12 P

70.0

72.1

66.5

12.0

9

30 10

29.97

30.068

82.0

2 P

53 5

5:30 A

67.7

67.4

63-3

9-5

lO

30.18

30.06

30.138

835

4P

59-0

6a

71 3

69.8

6-1-5

1 1.8

II

3024

30.15

30.200

86.5

3P

57.0

5:30 A

71.7

708

660

12.0

12

30.15

3005

30.098

8t.5

3'-.3o P

660

12 P

73-7

70.5

67.0

43

'3

30.17

30.10

30.136

87.5

3:30 P

63.0

5:30 A

75-3

74a

68.5

130

14

30.1 1

2988

29.978

85.0

2:30 p

66 c

5 A

75-5

73.8

70.3

8.8

"5

29.88

29.85

29.S78

80.5

4:30 p

62.0

12 P

71.3

71.9

67.7

3-7

(6

30.03

29.90

29993

75-0

3:30 p

54.0

12 P

64.5

64 0

56.5

130

17

30.16

3004

30085

740

5 P

5'-5

6a

62.7

62.2

557

12.7

i8

30.18

30-03

30 116

780

2:30 p

45-5

6a

6r.7

62.4

60.5

90

19

30.03

29.80

29.838

82.0

2 p

62.5

5A

723

7 '.7

695

8.7

20

30.16

29-9'

30076

81.0

5P

61.0

5A

71.0

68.8

63 0

13.0

2(

30.15

30-03

30.090

820

3P

53-5

5A

67.7

69.4

65.5

12.0

22

30.05

29.95

30.002

86.0

2:30 p

64.0

6 a

75-0

73-3

69.7

10.7

23

299s

29.70

29.S02

8.. 5

2:30 p

66.0

5 A

73-7

72.9

70.5

9-4

24

29.76

29.52

29.594

82 0

1:30 p

66.0

12 P

74-0

718

66.7

6.6

25

30.00

29.76

29.889

72.0

1:30 p

53-0

12 p

62.S

64.3

57.7

13-4

26

30.02

29.99

30.009

72.0

5 P

45.0

5A

58.5

59-7

56.7

13-7

27

30.10

30.02

30.058

82.0

5:30 P

45 5

5:30 a

63.7

62 9

57-7

130

28

30.19

30.10

30.155

85.5

4:30 p

50.5

6a

68.0

6S.1

63.3

13.0

29

30.17

30.05

30.114

83.0

2:30 p

58.5

5:30 A

70.7

71.0

65.3

12.0

30

30.08

29.88

29.946

790

4P

62.0

5 A

70-5

69.5

66.0

9.0

31

29.95

29.75

29.819

84.0

3:30 P

64.0

12 P

74.0

71-3

65.7

8.6

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

IH

V

Q

O

a

c u

>.

rt S

m H

rt re C

rt

^o

1> o

<1> i; Z3

Q

SCL,

SUh

^aXX

Wind.

> (1)

U en
r-i<5._

3 j; g

rt cp t.

SK

Precipitation.

Total in
Inches.

I

61.0

679

81.0

2

5S.5

700

67.0

3

60.5

577

89-5

4

530

560

72.5

S

S7-0

S96

790

6

56.S

685

64.5

7

<^3.5

721

80.0

8

64.0

748

80,0

Q

60.5

644

795

10

62.0

682

76.0

n

62.5

746

730

12

66.0

700

89.0

i,^

64 5

8s8

67.5

>4

68.5

8i8

83.0

'S

65.0

784

780

i6

51 0

S63

66.0

'7

49-5

,S(>3

645

i8

57.0

.S«7

77.0

'9

()9.o

782

90.5

20

59-5

682

77-0

21

62.0

74^^

705

22

68.0

818

82 0

2.1

69.5

809

88.5

24

64.5

750

8r.5

25

53-5

589

71 0

26

54.0

.S37

77-5

27

54.5

SS3

7b-5

28

60 5

694

76.0

29

62.5

745

75-5

lo

64.0

730

82.0

31

65-5

619

90.0

N.

90

S.

1 08

N.N.E.

113

W.

239

W.N.W.

18:;

s.s.w.

61

s.

211;

W.N.W.

2IS

S.

III

S.W.

67

s.

36

s.

112

S.S.W.

110

s.

219

W.S.W.

77

w.

87

N.W.

52

s.

79

s.s vv.

168

N.N.W.

104

S.S.W.

86

s.

los

S S.W.

160

N.W\

183

N.

137

N.N.W.

79

S.W.

33

S S.W.

35

s.

J74

s.

232

S.S.W.

145

OS
2.0

0.5
7-5
1-5
i.o

3-5

I o

2-5

0.0

1-5

0.5

30

0-5
0.0
0.0
05
1-5

2.5

'•5
1.0
0.0
1-5
'•5
1.0

0-5
0.0
0.5

25
2.0
2.0

10

20
10
39
17
14
26

14

17

24
10

17

17
14

17
17
14

10

20
20

10 p
3 ^

11 A
I P

4 P

11 A
2 P

I p
I p

1 p

12 M
12 M

4 I'

5A

4 P

I I A

2 P

5 1

6a

9A

3:30P

I A

2 A
O A

12 M

^ A

7

p

3

p

3

p

8

p

4

p

3

p

8

p

9

A

12

1^

3

A

I

P

12

P

T

.01

•03

.09
■34

•34

43

**Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

* Included in following day.

REMARKS

The most noticeable feature of the weather during the month
was the general absence of high temperatures. The maximum
temperature was well below 90 degrees, and on more than one-
third of the days the maximum did not reach 80 degrees, — a very
unusual record for July. There were several cool periods of about
three days' duration, notably the 3d-5th, the 16th-18th and
the 25th-27th. During this last period the minimum of the
month was reached. Another feature was the rather small pre-
cipitation, although there was a large number of thunder storms.

The records of the several weather elements, when compared
with their respective normals, show the following features of in-
terest : The mean barometer was practically normal and the
range about the usual value. The maximum and minimum pres-
sures were both slightly higher than their normals. The total
wind movement was a little more than usual, and only one gale
was recorded. During more than one-half the time the wind was
from the South or South Southwest,— a rather unusual record
here.

The mean temperature was more than two degrees lower than
usual, and the maximum temperature was more than six degrees
below the normal record for this feature. The minimum tem-
perature was practically normal.

The mean dew point was practically normal and the relative
humidity several points higher than usual, owing to the generally
low temperature record.

The total precipitation was less than one-half the normal and
was well distributed throughout the month.

The amount of sunshine recorded was greatly in excess of the
normal.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

G. E. LINDSKOG, Acting Observer.

BULLETIN No. 380.

AUGUST, 1920

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGHICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W.

Flei^ht of barometer above ground, ^i ft. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft.
Height of lVi?id Instruments y 2 ft. Time used, y^t/iMer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressuie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.11, 19th, 8 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.33, S'st, i p
Reduced maximum reading . 30.40, 19th, 8 a
Reduced minimum reading, 29.62,31st, ip

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.061

Monthly range 078

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 92.0, 8th, 2:30 p

Lowest 460. 21st, 6 a

Mean hourly 70.2

Mean of means of max. and min 71.8

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 65.5

Monthly range 45.5

Highest mean daily 76.4. 9th

Lowest mean daily ....... 63.3, 20th

Mean maximum 82.6

Mean miiumum 61.0

Mean daily range 21.6

Greatest daily range 35.5, 21st

Least daily range 11. 0, 15th

Humidity.

Mean dew pijint 63

Mean force of vapor 707

Mean relative humidity 84.3

Wind.

Total movement 2802 m

Greatest daily movement 243m, 23d

Least daily movement 40m, 26th

Mean daily movement 90m

Mean hourly velocity 3.8m

Maximum pressure per square foot, 6.0 lbs =

35m per hour, 31st, ip, W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36m per

hour, 31st, IP, W.
Prevailing direction, South Southwest.

Summary.

South Southwest 39 per cent

South 23 ■' "

North Northeast 13 " "

North 10 " "

Other directions 15 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 55 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 167 hours = 39 per cent.

Number of clear days 4

Number (jf fair days 22

Number of cloudy days 5

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 262 hrs, 61 = per cent.
Kain, ist, 2d, 7th. lotli, iith, I3tli, 14th,
15th, 16th, i8th, 19th, 21st, 29th, 30th, 31st.
ith, 13th,

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 3 62!Thnnder and Li^htninii, loth,

Number of days on which .01 inch or more 30th, 31st.

rain fell is'oales, 35m, 31st, W

•Temperature in ground slielter.

••Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

1)

Sea Level.

Teni]

lerature

Ground Shelter

Ox

^

5

£
><

E
a
E
c

i

><

E

3
E
'><

V

E

H

E
3
S
c

s

V

E

Mean of
Max. and
Min.

Mean

Hourly

Draper.

12 c

3 3

1 ; 29 90 29.78

29.844

77.0

2 P

62.0

7:30 A

69.5

66.7

60.7

7.9

2

3004 2990

29948

77-0

2:30 P

58.0

6a

67.S

66.6

60.3

10.3

3

30.22 30.04

30-174

805

4P

52-5

6 A

66-5

65.4

59 3

13-2

4

30.28 30 18

30-234

80.0

3 P

52.0

6a

66.0

66.5

62.5

II.8

s

30 22 30.16

30 195

S5-5

3P

550

6 A

70.3

69.5

65.7

II. 2

5

30.21 , 30.08

30.148

83.0

4:30 H

60.0

6a

715

69.9

66.3

10.5

7

30 12

2998

30.024

80.5

4:30 p

65.0

6a

72.7

71-5

695

6.6

8

30.07

3002

30.068

92.0

2:30 P

64 0

6 a

78.0

75-5

687

lO.O

9

30 13

30.02

30.078

89.5

r.30 p

645

5A

77.0

76.4

70.7

10.3

lO

30.04

29.89

29944

85.5

4P

70.0

5A

77-7

74 7

72-5

6.1

II

29.99

29.87

29.906

855

5:30 P

67.0

12 p

76.3

73 5

70-5

6.0

12

29.99

2992

29937

86.0

3P

65.0

5A

75-5

734

71.3

82

«3

30.02

29-93

29972

825

4 P

71.0

5A

76.7

74.0

72.3

5-3

«4

3003

2998

30003

82.5

I p

71 0

7 A

76.7

74.0

71.5

4.0

15

30.08

29.98

30.026

78.5

I r.30 A

67.5

12 M

73-0

72.9

71.3

2.1

16

30.04

29.98

30 000

82.5

12:30 P

69.0

12 P

75.7

72.9

70.5

4.0

'7

30 '3

30 02

30070

90.0

3:30?

69.5

6a

79-7

75-8

71.7

8.2

18

30.32

iOJ}

30257

76.5

3P

64.0

12 p

70.3

69.5

64.7

2.4

19

30,40

30-3'

30-374

785

2:30 p

61.0

2 A

69-7

67.0

61.3

7-9

zo

303^5

30.20

30 280

77-5

2 p

51.0

6 A

64.3

633

57-5

10.9

21

30.22

29.97

30.068

82.0

3-.30 P

46.5

6a

64.3

64.7

59-7

1 1.4

22

29.97

29.86

29882

875

3-30 P

65.0

12 p

76.3

75-6

72.0

lO.O

23

3008

29.98

30.046

77.0

5:30 p

590

12 P

68.0

66.4

58.5

10.7

24

30.12

.30.05

30.090

825

4 P

54-0

6 a

68.3

662

59-5

•2-3

25

30. 1 6

30.08

30. 1 56

81.0

2:30 p

530

6a

67.0

66.7

62.0

9.2

26

30.28

30.16

30.268

84.5

3:30?

55.0

6a

69.7

68 6

630

10.4

27

3027

30.15

30.220

85.5

3:30 p

565

6:30 A

71.0

696

61.3

10.2

28

30.16

30-06

30.104

85.0

3:30 P

56.5

6a

70.7

69.1

6. .5

9.1

29

30.08

2997

30.016

805

1:30 p

62.5

6a

71-5

68.9

64.0

6.8

30

29.98

29-74

29 898

835

5:30 p

64.0

6 a

- 73-7

71.7

68.5

6.6

31

29.79

29.62

29.699

82.5

12 M

61.5

6:30 A

72.0

68.5

62.5

8.8

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

1^

Total in

u*

OJ

Inches.

Q

0

p.

Cll

>

O.tJ

ii

c .
V in

cJH

£ 3 a-

(U

p.

c
'E

bi

t

Q

S5e

i> t) s

> OJ

HS.S

— 0

E

a
ci

V

OQ

c

0

c

[

5S.0

612

79-5

w.s.w.

58

05

10

2 A

0 A

2 A

.04

2

57.0

63s

79-5

N.N.E.

66

0.0

—

—

0 A

SA

.01

3

55-0

583

77.0

N.

86

0.0

—

—

4

60.5

650

80.5

E.

69

0.0

—

—

5

64.0

614

83.0

S.W.

64

0.0

—

—

6

64.5

702

89.0

S.

62

0 0

—

—

7

68.5

783

93-0

S.S.W.

69

0.0

—

—

2 A

12 M

.02

8

66.5

800

83.0

S.

96

05

10

3 i^

9

69.5

834

88.0

S.

125

2.0

20

3 i-

(O

71.0

85s

88.S

S.S.W.

.98

'•5

17

12 M

2 A

I2P

.65

1 1

70.5

763

965

S.S.W.

93

1-5

'7

I t P

0 A

ii:30P

.98

12

70.5

810

92.5

s.

45

0.0

—

—

'3

72.0

82s

94-5

s.

64

0.5

10

9P

0 A

12 p

.21

14

70.5

816

92.0

s.

142

I.O

14

7 V

0 A

5 P

•55

'5

70.5

806

930

S.S.W.

88

0.5

10

I P

0 A

12 M

.04

16

70 0

772

94.0

S.S.W.

65

0.0

—

—

I P

12 P

.65

>7

70.5

836

92.0

N.

62

0 0

—

—

18

63.0

682

85.0

E.N E.

80

0.5

10

8a

0 A

4A

.28

'9

59-5

584

88.5

N.N.E.

63

0.0

—

—

2 A

4A

.02

20

55-0

526

84.0

S.S.W.

75

0.0

—

—

21

57 5

595

82.0

s.

75

1.0

•4

6 p

8p

12 P

■03

22

70.0

889

835

s.s w.

'39

'•5

'7

II p

23

55.0

587

74.0

N.N.E.

243

2 0

20

10 A

24

56.0

614

67.5

N.

91

0 0

—

—

25

590

638

81.0

N.N.E.

5'

0.0

—

—

26

61.0

663

80.5

W.

40

0.0

—

—

27

58.5

646

770

S.S.W.

41

0.0

—

—

28

58 s

640

78.0

S.S.W.

90

0-5

10

6 p

29

62.0

661

85.0

S.S.W.

76

0.0

—

—

0 A

6 P

.01

30

675

760

88.0

S.S.W.

140

0-5

10

3 ^

9:30 P

10 p

.01

3'

57-5

742

65.0

S.S.W.

146

60

35

I p

12:30 P

2 p

.12

••Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

• Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during the month was marked by high humidity,
numerovis small showers and a rather high temperature. While
the wind movement was small it came from near the South point
of the compass for an unusually large part of the time. The days
seemed to be less cloudy than the nights.

A comparison of the records of the several weather elements
with their respective normals shows the following interesting fea-
tures : The mean barometer was considerably higher than the
normal and the range slightly more than usual. Changes in
barometric pressure were as a rule rather slow and unimportant.
The total wind movement was about ten per cent less than nor-
mal, and only one gale was recorded.

The mean temperature was about two degrees higher than the
normal and the mean of the maximum and minimum tempera-
tures considerably higher than the mean hourly. This was due
to the fact that the period of high temperature during the day was
usually rather short. The maximum and minimum tempera-
tures were both higher than their respective normals.

The highest temperature of the year so far was recorded on
the 8th. The range of temperature for the month was smaller
than usual.

The mean dew point was more than three degrees higher than
usual and the relative htimidity was more than seven points
above the normal.

The total precipitation was about one-half inch less than the
normal. The only heavy rainstorm was that of the 10th — 11th.

The amount of sunshine was large and only a few days were
classed as cloudy.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
G. E. LINDSKOG, Acting Observer.

BULLETIN No. 381.

SEPTEMBER. 1920

Meteorological Observations

^"^ ^'"^ LI3T?.ATR^.^ of

MASSACHUSETTS ]VIa«.«^clrci^et

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMEff ^"^^20

STATION.

Co.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, jr ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft.
Height of Wind Instruments J2 ft. 2'ime used, 'j^thMer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.07, 22d, 9 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.05, 30th, 12 P
Reduced maximum reading . 30.37, 22d, g a
Reduced minimum reading, 29.35,30th, 12 p

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.990

Monthly range 1.02

*Air Temperaiure. In Degrees Fahr

Highest 90.0, 26th, 4:30 P

Lowest 37.0, 20th, 6 A

Mean hourly 62.8

Mean of means of max. and min 64.1

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 57.4

Monthly range 53.0

Highest mean daily 70.2. 26th

Lowest mean daily ....... 5' -Si 20th

Mean maximum 75.7

Mean minimum 52.4

.Mean daily range 23.3

Greatest daily range 36.0, 4th

Least daily range 6.0, loth

Humidity.

Mean dew point :;5.5

Mean force of vapor 541

Mean relative humidity 83.9

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 6.74

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 12'

•Temperature in ground shelter.
••Reduced to freezing amd sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 341 1 m

Greatest daily movement 292m, 17th

Least daily movement i6m 25th

Mean daily movement 114m

Mean hourly velocity 4.Sm

Maximum pressure per square foot, 6.0 lbs =

35m per hour, 30th, 7P, S.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36m per

hour, 30th, 7P, S.
Prevailing direction, West Southwest.

Summary.

South Southwest 10 per cent

South 13 ■' "

North Northeast 13 " "

North 10 " "

South Southeast i/ " "

Other directions 37 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 52 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 130 hours = 35 per cent.

Number of clear days 8

Number of fair days 17

Number of cloudy days 5

Bright Sunshine.

Numter hours recorded, 243 hrs, 65 = per cent.
Rain, ist, 2d, 6th. '7th, 10th, 12th, 13th,

16th, iHth, 27th, 2Sth, 30th.
Thunder and Liiihtuin^, 12th, 13th, 30th.
Gales. 35ni, 30th, S.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Baremeter Reduced to

0)

Sea Level.

Temperature

Ground Shelter

l4

£

B

s
£

'ti

2£

£

3
E
'H

V

£

£

3
g

c

.i

T3

S? S rt

Set!

2 =
6 ^

Q

s

is

55 V

s

H

i

u,

4> nt.rH

u 0 !:

SECJ

S<^^|

^«

I

2994

29.68

29.787

72.0

3 P

52.0

12 P

62.0

62.7

S7-S

10.5

2

30 12

2994

30.049

7'-5

3 P

45.0

6:30 A

58.3

57.8

53-7

12.0

3

3015

30.08

30.123

77-5

4 f

430

6a

60.3

59.2

Si-5

11.8

4

30.18

30.09

30.130

795

4:30 p

43-5

6:30 A

6I.S

60.5

52.7

10.4

S

3017

30-13

30,156

79-5

4:30 P

44 5

6 A

62.0

62.2

563

II. 5

6

3017

29.94

30.043

76.0

3P

51-5

6a

63-7

643

61.0

7-5

7

2994

29.86

29-913

79 5

3P

61.0

12 p

70.3

67.2

62.0

6.2

8

30.03

29.88

29935

77-0

3P

575

6 a

67.3

66.5

60.3

10.9

9

30.09

29.96

30.021

80.0

3P

485

6a

643

65.0

580

10.8

10

29.96

29.78

29 812

65.0

0 A

59.0

12 p

62.0

61.2

58.3

0.0

ti

29.92

2985

29.886

77 5

3:. 30 P

57-5

6a

67.5

64.9

59-7

83

12

29.89

29.59

29.642

820

4 P

. 62.0

6 a

72 0

68.5

64.S

6.1

•3

29.80

29.60

29.672

75-0

I P

60.0

12 p

67.5

64.8

57-7

6.0

'4

3003

29.80

29.902

705

2:30 P

530

6 a

61.7

6r.5

57.0

9-4

•5

30.12

3003

30.077

6S.0

4 P

580

0 A

63.0

62.5

59-3

57

c6

30.04

29.77

29848

68.5

5:30 P

60.0

12 P

643

63.8

59-5

2.0

«7

29.97

29.82

29.902

67,0

3P

48.0

6a

57-S

58.3

49-3

II. 5

(8

30 01

2969

29812

76.0

2:30 p

49-5

6a

62 7

63-5

56.5

8.1

19

30'4

2989

30.084

62.0

3P

42.0

6:30 A

52.0

5'7

46 0

11.5

20

30-24

30-13

30.218

64.0

2:30 P

370

6 A

50.5

5'. 5

48.3

8.5

zr

3035

30.24

30325

71.0

3--30 P

46.0

6a

S8-5

56.2

50-5

h

22

3037

3028

30.324

735

3:30?

49-0

4:30 A

61.3

59.2

54.0

8.6

23

30-30

30.18

30.245

81.0

3--30 P

48 0

6:30 A

645

632

60.3

8.5

24

30.17

3002

30.121

86.5

3 P

56.0

6a

71.3

66.4

62.3

8-3

25

30.15

30.04

30.110

89.0

3P

58.0

6 A

73-5

68 6

62.0

9.0

26

30-14

30-05

30.105

90.0

4:30 p

56.0

7A

73-0

70.2

63.0

10.8

27

30.15

30.00

30097

855

1:30 p

55-5

7 A

70.5

67-3

60.5

78'

28

30.00

29.85

29.897

75.0

12 M

63.0

6a

69.0

67.4

67.0

3-7

29

29.76

29.86

29.903

80.0

4P

51.0

7 A

65.5

63.8

580

9-J

30

29.8S

29-35

29.571

73°

7 P

58.5

5A

65.7

64.7

65-3

0.0

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Wind.

Precipitation.

£

Total in

Q

0

a.

>

M ■

■Mi

c .

Sii

(U

"a

bi

Inc

hes.

;

' 0

0 4) 3

> 1>

0 o**

1; 3
~ 0

.5

c

EJB

■5

c

8

0

Q

stS s

Sb

SKK

iS

HS.5

siiii

SI

^

m

W

PS

m

I

545

574

76.5

N.N.W.

170

25

22

10 A

4 A

5A

.02

2

47-5

458

71-5

N.

149

30

24

I I A

8:30 P

9P

.02

3

47-5

458

71.0

N.N.E.

64

0.0

—

4

50.0

464

805

s.w.

18

0.0

—

S

530

524

78.5

ss.w.

37

0.0

—

—

•

6

590

606

83-5

N.E.

90

0 0

—

9:30 P

12 p

•03

7

59-5

644

80.0

N.

104

05

10

6 1^

0 A

5 P

.09

8

57 5

6.9

770

NN.W.

141

'•5

'7

9 A

9

56.0

548

82.5

S.

58

0.0

—

10

57 -o

510

91 5

N.E.

99

0.0

—

—

0 A

4 P

1. 18

1 1

57-5

580

82.0

S.S.E.

66

0.5

10

9 P

12

63.0

6S4

89.0

S.

'37

2.0

20

5A

0 A

12 p

•54

'3

55-0

541

8,5

N.

160

2-5

22

3 P

0 A

9A

.04

'4

53 5

548

750

N.N.E.

280

30

24

12 M

'5

56.5

569

805

N.N.E.

108

0.0

—

—

i6

580

55«

865

S S.E

145

2.0

20

4 P

4A

9P

•5

'7

44.0

432

67.0

N.VV.

292

35

26

I 2. M

i8

52.0

589

78.5

S.W.

190

'•5

17

5P

10 P

II p

.07

'9

42.5

345

77.0

w.s vv.

229

'•5

17

2 P

20

46.0

373

85.5

w.

64

0 0

—

—

21

48.5

406

84.5

w.

68

0.0

—

—

22

52.0

451

86.0

s.

97

0.5

10

2 P

-'3

60 0

557

96 0

S.S.E.

55

00

—

M

62.0

586

96.0

S.S.E.

27

0.0

—

^5

61.0

601

89.0

S.S.W.

16

0.0

—

26

62.0

611

92 5

N.W.

35

0.0

—

27

60.0

557

950

S.S.E.

67

x.o

14

6 1'

II p

12 p

.04

28

66.5

684

95.0

S.

196

2-5

22

9A

3 P

II p

1.16

29

57.0

5'3

92.5

S.S.W.

83

0.0

—

30

65.0

65S

96.5

S.

166

6.0

35

7 P

I A

12 p

340

•* Kain or melted snow at base of tower.

* Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during September was in general seasonable, al-
though presenting several marked characteristics. One of the
most prominent features was the absence of frost up to the end
of the month. On the 20th light frost was noted in some places
in the vicinity, but no damage was done. At the station not
even a trace was observed. Following the 20th there was much
foggy weather and a very high humidity. The highest tempera-
tures of the month were registered near the end of the month.
On the 30th one of the heaviest rainstorms ever noted at this
station occurred, accompanied by a rapid fall of the barometer.
The month closed with high wind and rain.

The mean barometer was rather low and the range considera-
bly more than usual. The maximum and minimum pressures
were both below their respective normals. The total wind move-
ment was practically normal and more variability than usual was
noted on the wind direction chart. The only gale recorded was
during the storm of the 30th.

The mean temperature was one and one-half degrees higher
than the normal, and both the maximum and minimum tempera-
tures were several degrees higher than usual. The mean of maxi-
mum and minimum temperatures was considerably higher than
the mean hourly temperature, due to the fact that the period of
high temperature each day was only a few hours at the most.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both consid-
erably higher than the normal.

The total precipitation was nearly twice the normal amount
and about one-half of it fell on the last day of the month. The
amount of sunshine was large.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

H. W. POOLE, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 382.

OCTOBER, J 920

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W.

Height of barometer above ground, S^ fi- Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft.
Height oj Wind Instruments J2 ft. Time used, y^thMer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.10, 18th, 9 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 28.97,1st, 3 a
Reduced maximum reading . 30.39, iSih, g A
Reduced minimum reading, 29.26, ist, 3 A

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.071

Monthly range 1.13

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr

Highest 81.5, gth, 3:30 p

Lowest 29.5, 7th, 6 A

Mean hourly 55-4

Mean of means of max. and min 56.4

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 51.3

Monthly range 52.0

Highest mean daily 66.8. 22d

Lowest mean daily 41.8, 30th

Mean maximum 6S.4

Mean minimum 44 4

Mean daily range 24.0

Greatest daily range 44.0, 7th

Least daily range 9.5. 5fh

Humidit}'.

Mean dew point 49.3

Mean force of vapor 417

Mean relative humidity 86.7

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 1.54

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 6

•Temperature in ground shelter.
••Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 318S m

Greatest daily movement 349ni, 1st

Least daily movement 0 m 6th

Mean daily movement 103m

Mean hourly velocity 4-3 ni

Maximum pressure per square foot, 12.0 lbs"=

49m per hour, ist, 3A, S.S.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 40m per

hour, ist, 2A, S.S.W.
Prevailing direction. West Southwest.

Summary.

South Southwest 23 per cent

Southwest 13 ■' "

North Northwest 10 " "

Northwest 10 " "

West Southwest 10 " "

West 10 " "

Other directions 24 " "

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 48 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 148 hours = 43 per cent.

Number of clear days g

Number of fair days 10

Number of cloudy days 12

BriiJht Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 196 hrs, = 57 per cent.
Kain. 1st, 5th. i6th, 26th, 27th, 2Sth, 29th.
Thunder and Lightning, 29th.
Frost, 7th, 24th.
Gales, 49ni, ist, S.S.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

1;

Sea Level.

Teni

perature

. Groun

i Shelte

Q

S

s

rt

B

3
£

i

"3

c

3

s

S
H

S

3

s

'c

-a

c •
rt X C

>- 1-'

.0

3 3
Ot/)

0" ^

I

2984

29.26

29.610

73-0

I A

480

12 P

60.5

59-5

55-5

5-0

2

30.16

29 84

30.067

62.0

3 P

41.5

7 A

517

514

49-0

10. 0

3

3023

30.1 r

30- '74

71-5

2 p

40.0

6a

55-7

55-4

523

10. 0

4

30.11

29.92

30.004

75-5

3P

490

3A

62.3

60.7

56.3

9.0

S

30.10

2993

30.010

56.0

3P

46.5

7 A

5'-3

50.9

49.0

3-2

6

30.22

30.10

30 195

62.5

3P

41.0

6a

517

50.2

46.5

9.0

7

30.21

30.07

30.144

73-5

3"-3o P

29-5

6 a

51-5

498

43-5

10. 0

8

30.14

30.04

30.093

80.0

3"-30 p

390

7A

595

55-8

51.0

10. 0

9

30.15

30.02

30.092

81.S

3:30 P

41.0

7A

6. .3

568

5'-3

10.2

lO

30.06

2992

29.992

75-0

1:30 p

42.0

7 A

58-5

58.0

50.7

lO.O

II

30-17

30.06

30.142

71.0

3P

3S.5

7 A

54-7

54-6

50.5

9.9

12

30.19

30.13

30.154

55-0

4:30 p

40.0

12 P

47-5

49.1

46.7

0.0

13

30.24

30.04

30.148

72.0

3P

330

7A

52.5

47-9

440

8.8

14

30.04

2995

29.988

74.0

2 P

42.0

5A

58.0

57-2

5 '-3

63

15

30.18

30.04

30.148

65.5

3 P

48.0

7 A

567

56-3

53-3

4-9

16

30-15

30.07

30134

67.0

4:30 P

52.0

7 A

59-5

56.7

570

35

'7

30-31

30.16

30.250

74.0

4 P

55-0

6a

64-5

60.5

56.5

6.5

18

3039

30.29

30.350

63.5

2 p

51.0

4A

57-3

583

56.3

I.O

19

30.29

30.13

30.180

70.0

2 p

525

2 A

613

59-'

56.0

5-0

20

30.28

30.16

30240

74.0

3 P

45-5

4A

59-7

57-8

53-0

8-5

2(

30.21

29.99

30.096

80.5

2 P

510

7 A

65.7

66.3

60.3

8-5

22

30.09

29.S5

29903

77.0

2 P

64.0

7^

70.5

66.8

56.0

9-4

23

30.25

30.0S

30.220

62.5

3 P

41.0

12 P

5'-7

50.8

437

9-3

24

30.26

30.08

30.188

69.0

3P

31.0

3 A

50.0

49-7

44-3

7-3

25

30.08

2993

30.008

720

2:30 p

49.0

6a

60.5

57-9

53-7

5-7

26

30.12

30.03

30.092

63.0

4P

51.0

7A

570

55-4

5'-3

3-5

27

30.03

2973

29.887

72.5

I P

52-5

0 A

62.5

65.7

64.5

1-5

28

29.83

2972

29.770

67.5

2 A

52.0

12 P

J9-7

59-8

56.3

0.0

29

3000

29.70

29.825

55-0

12 M

37-0

12 P

40.0

46.3

43-0

2-3

30

30.10

30.00

30.076

46.0

3P

340

2:30 A

40.0

41.8

40.0

3-5

31

30.06

29.98

30.021

590

3P

39-0

6a

49.0

5'-3

47-3

4-3

DAILY SUMMARY.

Huniidit

V-

Wind.

Precipitation.

i^

Total in

Q

0

a

>

ll

1) m

3 jf i

£ 3 a-

(Ll

bi

c
"a

bi

Inches.

J.

D

So, S

3 «'

S5a

<U u 3

'S.oiX

> <u

HS.S

rt S ■-

.- 0

4)

a
S)

c
W

c
"a

0
c
in

I

530

499

85.5

s.w.

349

12.0

49

3 A

0 A

4A

■55

2

47.0

377

86.5

s.w.

205

2-5

22

2 P

3

50.0

439

84.0

s.s.w.

116

I.O

14

1 P

4

54.0

513

81.5

s.s.w.

58

0.0

—

5

47-5

377

87.0

N.

3

0.0

—

8a

II A

.08

6

45-5

330

92.5

N.N.E.

0

0.0

—

7

42.0

312

90.0

S.W.

8

0.0

—

8

50.0

401

90-5

s.w.

9

0.0

—

9

SO-5-

401

92.5

s.s.w.

>4

0 0

—

lO

48.5

413

83-5

N.W.

88

2.0

20

12 M

II

49-5

386

90.5

N.W.

58

1.0

14

I P

12

46.0

327

94-5

N.N.E.

35

0.5

10

3 f

t3

430

308

935

W.

13

0 0

—

'4

50.5

413

89-5

N.N.W.

18

0.0

—

'5

52-5

417

95-5

S.S.E.

14

0.0

—

i6

520

406

87-5

S.S.W.

36

0.0

—

0 A

8a

T

•7

55-5

475

91.5

W.S.W.

29

0 0

—

i8

56.0

489

930

S.S.W.

35

0.0

—

•9

55-0

469

940

S.S.W.

87

0.0

—

—

20

52.0

422

93-5

N.N.W.

36

0.0

—

21

59.0

577

86.0

W.S.W.

121

0.5

10

2 P

22

49.0

598

61.0

W.N W.

283

4.0

28

12 M

23

34-5

374

53-0

W.

170

0-5

10

10 A

24

43-5

3>8

92.0

S.

156

1.0

14

1 P

25

53-0

431

930

S.

137

05

10

10 A

26

50 0

397

92.5

N.

64

5-0

32

I I P

I A

5A

.04

27

63.0

657

87.5

s.s w.

320

5-0

32

5 P

4 P

12 p

.20

28

55.0

476

92.5

N.W.

197

0 0

—

—

0 A

I p

•55

29

41.0

296

885

N.N.W.

126

2.0

20

7 P

12 M

3P

.12

30

370

273

81.0

W.

251

2-5

22

II A

3'

430

369

75-5

W.S.W.

152

2 0

20

2 P

•*Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

* Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather during the month was generally pleasant and very
mild. Our records show that it was the warmest October since
the station was established. No frost occurred until the 7th,
and only one other frost, on the 24th, was recorded. Neither of
these could hardly be called a killing frost. The precipitation
was rather small and after the tail end of the storm that ushered
in the month there was practically no more rain until the last
week of the month. The last week was generally cloudy.

The records of the several weather elements show the following
features of more or less interest : The mean barometer was
practically normal and the range of pressure about the usual
amount. The minimum pressure was very low for this time of
year and occurred at 3 a. m. on the 1st, at the end of the heavy
rainstorm which was in progress when the preceding month
closed. The maximum barometer was also rather low and came
near the middle of the month. The total wind movement was
about three-fourths of the normal, and many of the daily records
were very small. The wind was rather variable in direction.

The mean hourly temperature was more than five degrees
higher than usual, making it the warmest October on our records
as referred to above. The maximum temperature was rather
high and the temperature reached 80 degrees or more on three
days. The minimum temperature was more than six degrees
higher than the normal for this record. Owing to the high mini-
mum the range was less than usual.

The total precipitation was about 40 per cent of the normal
and was mostly in small storms. The mean dew point and rela-
tive humidity were both high.

The amount of sunshine was above the normal and about one-
third of the number of days were clear, one-third fair and one-
third cloudy.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.

H. W. POOLE, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 383.

NOVEMBER. I 920

Meteorological Observations

AT THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

ffeight of ha ro meter above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2J^.§ ft.
Height oj Wind Instrutnents 72 ft. Time used, fjth Mer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressuie. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.30, 29th, 9 a
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.04,17th, 3P
Reduced ma.ximum reading . 30.62, 29ih, 9 a
Reduced minimum reading, 2935, 17th, 3P

Mean semi-daily reduced 30.129

Monthly range 1.27

*Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 62.0, 2d, II P

Lowest 16.0, 13th, 7 A

Mean hourly 369

Mean of means of max. and min 36.9

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 32.1

Monthly range 46.0

Highest mean daily 49 9. ist

Lowest mean daily 26.9, 21st

Mean maximum 44-5

Mean minimum 29.3

Mean daily range 15.2

Greatest daily range 31.5, 2d

Least daily range 5.0, 25th, 2Sth

Humidity.

Mean dew point 26.9

Mean force of vapor 211

Mean relative humidity .' ..^Jl 73-9

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 4 67

Total snow, in inches 5j

Number of days on which .01 inch or more
rain fell

Wind.

Total movement 4268 m

Greatest daily movement .338m, 3d

Least daily movement 27m 7th

Mean daily movement 142m

Mean hourly velocity 5-9 rn

Maximum pressure per square foot, 6.5 lbs =

36m per hour, 17th, gp, W.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 33m per

hour, 17th, 9P, W.N.W.
Prevailing direction. Northwest.

Summary.

North Northeast 23 per cent

West Northwest 13 '

South Southwest ........ 13 •

Northwest 10 '

West Southwest 10 "

Other directions -;i

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 65 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 207 hours = 70 per cent.

Number of clear days 2

Number of fair days 8

Number of cloudy days 20

Briiiht Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 86 hrs, ^ 30 per cent.
Rain, ist, 2d, 7th. 9th, i6th, 17th, 21st,
23d, 24th, 25th. 27th.

Snow, 12th, 16th, 2ist, 24th, 25th. 27th.

Hail, i6th.

Frost, before the i6th : 4th, 9th, iitli, 12th

13th, 14th.
'^'Gales, 36m- 17th, W.N.W.; 35m, 23d, N. E

•Temperature in ground shelter.
••Reduced to freezing and sea-level

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to

<u

Sea Level.

Tern

perature

. Groun

i Sheltei

c4

E

(4

i

a
S
'E

Sis

E

3
E

V

£

£
3
£
'E

E

S^ 5 rt

2 c a5

n c

3 3
Olf)

Q

S

S

2 u

s

H

S

H

OJ 0 u.

^5

I

30.23

2992

30.062

57-0

II A

330

12 P

45.0

49.9

42.7

23

2

30-23

2953

29.951

62.0

11 P

30.5

3 A

46.3

40.1

37-7

0.0

3

2986

29-53

29.778

54.0

2:30 P

40.0

12 P

47.0

49.2

40.2

6.3

4

30.00
30.29

2986
2987

29.929
30.114

57.0
57.0

3 P
I P

32.0
.39.0

7:30 A
2 A

44-5

45-9
486

37-3
40.5

8.3

5

48.0

5-5

6

30.49

3029

30.432

54.0

2 p

390

2 A

46.5

44.6

370

7.2

7

3050

30.22

303^4

45.0

2 P

330

4 A

39-0

392

34.3

3.1

8

30.22

30.09

30.156

52.0

3 P

36.0

12 P

44.0

42.0

37-5

3.4

9

30.16

29.74

29.952

56.5

9P

31.0

7 A

43.7

45 0

43-5

0.0

lO

30.28

2973

30.102

57.5

3A

33.0

12 P

45-3

448

36.3

5.8

(I

3034

30.10

30.236

46.0

4 P

23.0

7 A

34.5

326

22.7

7.6

12

30.17

2997

30.066

38.5

11:30 A

25.0

12 P

317

29.7

24.0

'■5

'3

3039

30-17

30.352

40.0

3 P

16.0

7A

28.0

285

24 0

8.1

14

30.41

30.32

30.3^9

44 5

3 P

22.0

6a

33.3

324

26.5

7.8

'5

30.42

30.35

30 396

35-5

4 P

21 0

6 a

28.3

29-4

24.7

0.0

i6

30.45

30.13

30.362

35 5

2 P

28 0

7A

3'.7

32-4

30.0

0.0

«7

30.13

29-35

29542

390

4:30 P

3^-5

2 A

357

36.5

35-7

0.0

i8

30.18
30.15

29.7s
30.03

30.152
30.072

46 0
430

I P

3 P

33.0
29.5

7A

39 5

39-7
3S-3

325
32.3

3.8

19

7A-

3(>-i

J. 7

20

30.20

30.00

30.102

440

I P

31.0

12 P

37-5

38.3

32.5

0.0

2[

30.29

30.15

30.235

31.0

0 A

235

7:30 A

27.3

26.9

25.0

0.0

22

30.17

29-99

29.0S7

37.0

12 P

29.0

0 A

33.0

325

31.0

0.0

23

29.99

29.46

29.526

42.0

8:30 A

33-5

12 P

37.7

37-1

37-5

0.0

24

2992

29-59

29.826

40.0

3P

320

8 P

36 0

34.6

3I-7

0.5

25

30.02

29.9:

29.927

35.0

4 P

30.0

6 a

2^S

329

31-7

0.0

26

30 24

30.02

30.120

37-0

4 P

24.0

7:30 A

30.5

^'■1

26.5

4.0

27

30.28

30.24

30.267

35-0

3P

22.5

7:30 A

30.3

3'-6

29.7

0.0

28

30.50

30.26

303^'

35-0

12 M

30.0

12 P

32.5

32.9

30.3

0.0

29

3062

30.49

30577

40.0

3P

21.0

7:30 A

30.5

299

21.3

8.6

30

30.49

30.34

30422

40.0

3P

235

2 A

31.7

30.3

26.0

0.0

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Soi

Sfc

<U », 3

Sain:

cuQ

Wind.

4_i

fe

^

- '^

3 u rt

S 5 a-

0)

Si

ft

o o^
HS.S

rt 0) >-

Sdmc

— o

SK

V

S
H

Precipitation.

Total in
Inches.

I

38.0

•324

73-0

2

35-0

.248

84.0

,3

35 -.S

.292

72.0

4

30-5

■274

635

5

3S-0

.297

68.0

6

27.5

.276

55.0

7

29-5

.222

75-5

8

.33- S

•251

7b.5

9

40.5

.326

85.0

lO

30.0

■258

67.0

n

"•5

.182

52.0

12

i7-,S

.147

68.5

n

16.0

.149

b2 5

'4

19.0

.166

63.0

'.S

16.5

■155

63.0

(6

25-5

.178

79.0

'7

33-0

.221

85 0

i8

24.5

.222

60.5

'9

255

.217

66.5

20

28.5

.201

79.0

21

23.0

.142

880

22

27.0

.185

80.0

2.S

36.0

■23s

91.5

24

295

.188

87.5

2S

,30 s

• 183

92.5

26

24.5

.149

88.5

27

280

.170

92.5

28

270

.182

82.0

29

7-0

.140

45.0

30

21.0

.158

72.5

w.s.w.

N.N.W.

W.N W

S.S.W.

W.

N.W.

N.W.
S.S.W.
S.S.W.
W.N.W.

S.
W.N.W
W.N.W,
W.S.W.
S.S.E.
N.N.E.
N.N.E.

N.W.
W.S W.
N.N.E.
N.N.E.
N.N.E.

N.E.

N.N.E.

N.N.E.

N.

s s.w.

E.N E.
N.
S.

185

42

328

95
260

151

27

73

173

300

45
236
229
123
33
63
130
306
149

lOl

145
52

280

200
84

119

57
107

139

2.0
55
5-"
'•5
30
1-5
0.0

05

2.5

30
o p
50

2-5

I.O

0.0
0.0

6.5

40

1.0
1.0

0.5

0.0

6.0

'•5

0-5
0.5
0.0

0.5
0.0
0.0

20
33
32
17
24
17

22
24

32

22

14

36
28

14
14

35
'7
10
10

2 P
12 P

0 A

8 p

1 p

2 P

4 P
4 P

1 P

2 P
10 A
12 M

9 P

0 A

3P

8p

6a

6 a

1 a

7 P
6 p

5 P

12 M
12 M

7 P

8a
8a

I p
o a

5 A

I A
8 p

O A

5 P

2 P
12 P

9P
10 p

9A

12 P
12 )•
10 A

T

•95

•03

T

[2 P
2 P

■75
1.02

•25

2.27
.06
.19

.10

'Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

Included in following day.

REMARKS

The weather records for November show that, contrary to the
general opinion, the month was shghtly colder than usual. The
precipitation was large and more than the usual amount of snow
was recorded. The most noticeable feature, however, was the
large number of dark gloomy days and the great deficiency in
sunshine. Another unusual feature was the persistency in wind
from the northeast quadrant for about a week during the last
part of the month. Two decided low barometric readings were
noted on the 17th and 23d respectively.

The records of the several weather elements show the following
interesting features: The mean barometer was unusually high
and the range was practically normal. Only eight days showed
a mean barometer lower than 30 inches. The total wind move-
ment was slightly less than the normal, and only a few days
showed a large wind movement. The direction of the wind was
more varied than usual. The only gales recorded were during
the two low barometer periods referred to above.

The mean hourly temperature was more than one and a half
degrees below the normal, and the maximum was slightly lower
than usual. The minimum temperature was not as low as usual
and was registered before the middle of the month.

The mean dew point and relative humidity were both com-
paratively low.

The total precipitation was nearly fifty per cent above the
normal, and nearly one-half the total fell on one day. The snow
which fell was soon melted, so that the ground was bare when
the month closed.

Two-thirds of the days were either cloudy or overcast, and the
amount of sunshine was very small.

J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist.
H. W. POOLE, Observer.

BULLETIN No. 384.

DECEMBER, I 920

Meteorological Observations

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION.

Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W.

Hei,^ht of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, syj.^ ft.
Height oj Wi7id Instruments 72 ft. Time used, f ^th Mer.

MONTHLY SUMMARY.

Pressure. In inches.
Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.27, 26th, 9 A
Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.04, 2d, 4 A
Reduced maximum reading . 30.60, 26ih, 9 a
Reduced minimum reading, 29.35, 2d, 4 a

Mean semi-daily reduced 29.962

Monthly range 1.25

*Air Tomperatnre. In Degrees Fahr.

Highest 58.0, 14th, 6 r

Lowest 4.0, 26th, 9 A

Mean hourly 30.7

Mean of means of max. and min 31,0

Mean sensible (wet bulb) 26.8

Monthly range 54.0

Highest mean daily 45.4. 14th

Lowest mean daily ii.o, 26th

Mean maximum 37.9

Mean minimum 24.1

Mean daily range 13.8

Greatest daily range 25.0, 14th

Least daily range 5.0, 22d

Humidity.

Mean dew point 21.5

Mean force of vapor 166

Mean relative humidity 73.7

Precipitation. In inches.

Total precipitation, in inches 6.02

Total snow, in inches 7

Number of days on which .01 inch or more

rain fell 9

Days of Sleighing, 5
•Temperature in ground shelter.
♦•Reduced to freezing and sea-level.

Wind.

Total movement 52S0 m

Greatest daily movement 419m, 6th

Least daily movement 22m 13th

Mean daily movement 170m

Mean hourly velocity 6.7 m

Maximum pressure per square foot, io.o,lbs =

45m per hour, 2d, ip, W.N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 32m per

hour, 2d, 2 p, W.N.W.
Prevailing direction, Northw^est.

Summary.

North Northeast 13 per cent.

West Northwest ig

South Southwest 10

Northwest 23

North 13

Other directions 22

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed .... 57 per cent
Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun

Thermometer . . 140 hours = 49 per cent.

Number of clear days 5

Number of fair days 14

Number of cloudy days 12

Bright Sunshine.

Number hours recorded, 143 hrs, = 51 per cent.
Rain, ist, 3d, 4th. 5th, loth, 13th, I4tli,

22d, 23d, 27th.
Snow, 5th, 9th, loth, i6th. 22d, 27th.
Sleet. 27th.
Gales, 45ni. 2d, W.N.W.; 40m, 6th, N.W.

DAILY SUMMARY.

Barometer Reduced to
Sea Level.

Tern

perature

. Ground Sheltei

S

s

3

S

3

e

3

T3

J3

3 3

(4

6
'c

H

c4

V

a

H
'5

0 rt

^ d ='

^23

o.£f

Q

s

S

SJ^

^

H

'S

H

0) rf ■ —

u 0 f

^M

I

3033

29.41

29875

36.0

12 p

285

0 A

32.3

31-9

30.0

0.0

2

30.11

2935

29693

45-0

I p

32.0

12 P

38-5

38.0

31-5

25

3

30.29

30,08

30.210

36.0

2 p

26.0

7 P

31.0

31-9

28.0

63

4

30.09

29-95

30.051

46.0

3 i"

330

6 A

395

37.2

33-5

7.0

5

2995

29-37

29493

49-0

4P

34-5

3A

41 7

40.4

37-0

'-5

6

2987

29-54

29701

42.0

0 A

30.5

12 P

36-3

364

31-5

1-5

7

30.10

2987

29.976

39-0

2 P

27.0

12 P

33-0

31-9

27.5

7-4

8

30-37

30.10

30.3 '9

390

3^-

20.0

7 A

29.5

27.7

22.3

8,4

9

30.36
30.07

30.07
29.60

30.280

29-783

350
370

5 P
4 I'

2(.0
30.5

3A

9A

28.0

288
330

27,0
30.5

2.0

10

33-7

1.6

11

29.91

29.58

29.756

37-0

31'

2S.O

12 P

32.5

32-9

30-3

6.0

12

30.20

29.91

30.108

46.0

31'

230

7 A

34.5

31.0

237

8.2

13

30-30

30.20

30.261

35.0

41^

23.0

5 A

29.0

29.7

28.5

0.0

14

30.19

29.40

29,641

58,0

6 P

33-0

C A

45-5

45-4

43-5

0.0

«5

29.59

29.45

29515

46,0

0 A

33-0

12 P

39.5

39-2

32-5

4-7

16

29.58

29.50

29-532

38.0

3 i^

290

7 A

33-5

3-' 8

28.3

5.7

'7

29.50

29.46

29-497

35-0

4 P

27.0

8a

31.0

31.0

26.5

6.5

18

29.94

29-53

29.732

350

3P

26 0

2 a

30.5

30.3

27.0

6-5

19

30.13

29.44

30.004

350

2 P

24.0

7 A

295

29.4

23.7

6.0

20

30.36

30.13

30.288

37-0

3P

16.0

7 A

26.5

25.6

20 0

80

2[

30.48

30.36

30 444

36.0

3P

16.5

7 P

263

26.3

22.0

8.0

22

30.47

2992

30273

31.0

12 p

26.0

2 A

285

2S.7

27.7

0.3

23

29.92

29.59

29 684

45 5

5 P

31.0

0 A

J83

. 37.5

35-0

3-0

24

30.04

29. 78

29.929

39-0

0 A

27,0

12 P

33.0

33.2

30.0

6.1

25

30-45

30.04

30.2S8

29 0

2 P

I I.O

12 P

20.0

22.1

16.3

8.3

26

3060

30.39

30.5,16

16.5

2 P

4.0

9A

103

1 1.0

6.7

5-0

27

30.39

29.73

29.q62

23-5

5 P

13.0

3A

18,3

18.1

17.3

0,0

28

29.94

29-74

29.888

33-5

5P

18.0

12 P

25,7

28,2

23.5

6.0

29

30.04

29.92

29.990

3.3-5

3:30 P

lO.O

9A

2r.7

21 2

15-3

7.2

30

3003

29.90

29.981

40,0

2:30 p

25-5

2 A

32 7

31.9

290

7.5

31

30.20

29.87

30.052

40.0

I p

19.0

12 P

29-5

30-2

25-3

2.0

DAILY SUMMARY.

Humidity.

Sfe

a) ii 3

Wind.

CL,Q

o o

fe

— (U nJ

'^ 1- ^

ni <u 1-,

r:^ o

Precipitation.

Total in
Inches.

I

28.0

.176

89.5

2

24 0

.210

635

3

235

.167

78.0

4

29.5

.213

73-5

5

33 5

.242

80.0

6

24-5

204

64.0

7

21.5

170

68.5

8

155

133

67.0

9

22.0

ib2

73-5

lO

27.5

180

84.5

fi

27.0

180

82.0

12

16.0

148

62.0

'3

24.0

170

7S.0

'4

42.5

297

92.5

'5

29.0

205

77-5

(6

23-5

170

76.5

>7

225

157

78 0

i8

22.5

162

78.0

'9

ib.o

146

630

20

13-5

125

68.0

21

16.0

ni

70.0

22

26.0

15S

92.0

23

32.0

224

83 0

24

28.0

175

890

25

9-5

103

67 0

26

-7.0

070

46.5

27

'2.5

106

75-5

28

140

145

64.5

29

3-0

107

51.0

30

245

176

75.0

31

21.5

135

79-5

N.

N.W.

w.s.w.
s.w.

N.W.

N.W.
N.N.W.
N.N.E.

N.N.E.
N.N.E.
. N.W.
W.N W.
W.N.W.
S.S.W.

S.W.
S.S.W.

W.
W.N.W.
WS.W.

N W.

N.W.
N.

N.W.
W.N.W
N.N.W
N.N.E.

N.
W.N.W.
S.S.W
W.N.W.
N.

90

0.0

393

10.0

45

1 10

0.0

^

63

0.0

—

165

4.0

28

419

8.0

40

260

3-5

26

207

2-5

22

307

30

24

18S

I.O

14

225

30

24

42

0 0

—

22

0.0

—

229

5-5

33

2 12

3-5

25

172

o.s

10

76

0.0

—

169

2.0

20

I 28

0.0

—

75

0.0

93

05

10

44

0.0

—

149

25

22

356

40

28

295

4.0

28

107

1.0

14

157

0.5

10

209

3-0

24

93

I 0

14

III

0.5

10

114

2.0

20

3 P
3P

6 P

2 A

7 P
I I A

8 A

3 P
7 P

2 p

3 P

2 p
10 p

10 A

11 A
10 A

3 P

6a
6 p
10 p

4 P

I A
8 P

O A
9A

7 I
9A

8 P

O A

8 p

5 P
O A

10 p

•93

II I'

.10

12 M
10 A

1. 71
T

10 P

T

12 P

•13

12 P

12 P

.10
1.56

II P

T

12 P

.20

II A

.24

6 P

1.05

T

**Rain or melted snow at base of tower.

* Included in following day.

Annual Summary for 1920.

Pressure. In inches.

Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.71, Feb. ist, 10 A.

Minimum reduced to freezing • 28.72, Mar. 13th, 5 p.

Maximum reduced to freezing and sea-level 3i-o5, Feb. ist, 10 A.

Minimum reduced to freezing and sea-level, 29.03, Mar. 13th, 5 p-

Mean semi-daily reduced to freezing and sea-level, 30.004

Annual range 2.02

*Air Temperature. In degrees Fahr.

Highest, 92, Aug. 8th, 2:30 p.

Lowest, — 18.0, Feb. ist, 7 A.

Mean hourly, '. 46.4

Mean of means of max. and min., 46.8

Mean sensible (wet bulb) , 42.2

Annual range, iio.o

Highest mean daily, 76-4, Aug. g

Lowest mean daily, —4-7, Jan. 3

Mean maximum 57.1

Mean minimum, 36.6

Mean daily range, 20.5

Greatest daily range 44.0, Oct. 7

Least daily range, 3.5, Feb. 26, Apr. 2d

Humidity.

Mean dew point, 38.7

Mean force of vapor, 372

Mean relative humidity, 79.2

Wind.

Total movement 51.47° m

Greatest daily movement, .... 537 m.. Mar. 6

Least daily movement, o m., Oct. 6

Mean daily movement, 141 m

Mean hourly velocity, 5-9 m

Ma.xinium pressure per square foot, 16.0 lbs.,

57 m. per hour. Mar. 6, 10:30 a., N.W.
Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 40 m. per

hour, Oct. I, 2 A. S.S.W.

Prevailing direction, West.

Summary.

Soutli Southwest 16 per cent

South 10 " "

West Northwest 11 ." "

North 9 " "

North Northeast 9 " "

Other directions, 35 " "

Precipitation. In inches.
Total precipitation, rain or melted snow, . 50.09

Snow total in inches, 7S.00

Number of days on which .01 or more rain
or melted snow fell, 135

Weather.

Mean cloudiness observed, 51 per cent.

Total cloudiness recorded by Sun Thermom-
eter, 1795 hrs.:=40 per cent.

Number of clear days, 118

Number of fair days, 156

Number of cloudy days 92

Bright Sunshine.

Number of hours recorded,2662 hrs.=6o per cent.

Daes of Fro.>*t.s.

Last, .
First,

April 26th
. lOot. 7th

Dates of .Snow.

Last April Sth

First, Nov. 12th

Total days of sleighing, 79

Gales of 50 or More Miles Per Hour.

Mar. 6th, 57m., N.W.

Temperature in ground shelter.

H. W. POOLE.
Observer.

J. E. OSTRANDER,

Aleteorologist.

<PJ^/t^y,)^'/e><^j(^'^l^'£^^'J'