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GARY O. WALLACE j, Rt. 2, Box 33 8, Sunrise Dr., Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643 'THE SEASON” EDITOR DR. FRED J. AESOP, III { Mt. Carmel Apt. ^3, Concord Ave., Mt. Carmel, Tenn. 37642 "STATE COUNT COMPILER” MORRIS D. WILLIAMS Box 25, Five Points, Tenn. 38457 OFFICERS FOR 1973-75 PRESIDENT MRS. ARLO SMITH 3724 Oakley Ave., Memphis, Tenn. 38111 | VICE-PRESIDENT, EAST TENN GLEN ELLER |; Rt. 3, Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643 VICE-PRESIDENT, MIDDLE TENN. BILL SENTER j| 313 West Hill Dr., Lebanon, Tenn. 37087 VICE-PRESIDENT, WEST TENN MISS ALICE SMITH Apt. 6, 414 N. Claybrook St., Memphis, Tenn. 38104 DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE : EAST TENN BRENT ROWELL 2227 Edgemont Ave., Bristol, Tenn. 37620 MIDDLE TENN MRS. GAITHER GRAY 1510 Hatcher Lane, Columbia, Tenn. 38401 WEST TENN DON MANNING 103 Stonewall Circle, McKenzie, Tenn. 38201 CURATOR ALBERT F. GANIER 2112 Woodlawn Drive, Nashville, Tenn. 37212 SECRETARY MRS. JAMES WALDRON 1626 Yorkshire Dr., Memphis, Tenn. 38117 TREASURER KENNETH H. DUBKE Rt. 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah, Tenn. 37363 Annual dues, $3.00; Sustaining, $5.00; Life, $100.00; Student, $1.00; Family, 4.00; Library, $3.00 (chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses). Back numbers may be had from Dr. James T. Tanner, Rt. 28, Box 15 5, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920. Correspond with the Treasurer for subscriptions, memberships, and changes of address. Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by Mallicote Printing Inc., 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620, U.S.A. Postage paid and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643, U.S.A. I j THE MIGRANT I Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society, | to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee. ! Issued in March, June, September, and December. \ VOL. 45 MARCH, 1974 NO. 1 THE 1972 FORAY: LAWRENCE COUNTY I BY Fred J. Aesop, IIE and Morris Williams^ r More than 30 T.O.S. members were hosted by the Buffalo River Chapter in | Lawrence County during the second annual T.O.S. Foray, 26-29 May 1972. As | in the 1971 Campbell County Foray {The Migrant, 42(4): 73-81), these | birders made daily studies of the avifauna throughout the county recording all | individual birds seen and/or heard during the period. Compilations were made | each evening with the records coming from: 1) daily field lists of all species i:: observed, 2) studies of the Foray Bird — the Blue Grosbeak, 3) roadside counts, ■ 4) strip counts, and 5) nest location. The Foray was headquartered in David f Crockett State Park. I Lawrence County is located in the southwestern part of Central Tennessee | and is bordered on the south by Lauderdale County, Alabama. It is bounded by the Tennessee counties of Giles on the east, Maury and Lewis on the north, and Wayne on the west. The county occupies a total area of 405,760 acres (ap- [j proximately 634 square miles). The population is 29,097 (1970 census) or an g average of 46 people per square mile. Approximately 5 0% of the county is | cultivated with cotton and corn as the major crops. Elevations of the rolling \ topography range from a high of 1,000 feet along the northern boundary to I 540 feet in the southwest near Shoal Creek. The county is drained by the | Buffalo River, Anderson Creek, Bluewater Creek, Shoal Creek, Sugar Creek, and f Weakley Creek. There are many small ponds and lakes of a few acres in size in the county. Laurel Hill Lake in the northwest corner is the largest body of water in the county. It has a surface area of 327 acres. ‘ Weather during the Foray was clear to partly overcast with daily highs in ’ the upper 80’s and low 90’s, and nightly lows in the 5 0’s and 60’s ° F. THE 1972 FORAY SPECIES LIST : The following annotated species list was edited and compiled from all the ; reports received from the Foray participants. With regard to the species listed, and to their numbers, the following points should be noted: 1) most of the birds are permanent and/ or summer residents and, therefore, may be breeding [' in Lawrence County; bnt several are late transients, i.e., Rose-breasted Grosbeak, j and 2) the numbers following the species name indicate the total number of I observations made of that species and should not be considered the number of | individuals of that species seen. For example, the 30 Red-tailed Hawks reported ^ [VoL. 41, 1974] 2 THE MIGRANT MARCH means this species was recorded on 30 different occasions, but not that 3 0 different Red-tails were known to be present in the county during the Foray. This is due to the wide, and sometimes overlapping coverage of the area by the participants during the four day period. Where only one bird represents its species on the list, and/or where several individuals of one species were reported by one party, the name(s) of the observer (s) appears in the list. Species not accepted, but reported, do not appear in the list which follows. Green Heron (Bufor/des virescens) — 31; Mallard {Anas platyrhynchos) — 6, domestic or wild??; Wood Duck {Aix sponsa) — 13; Turkey Vulture {Cathartes aura) — 109; Black Vulture {Coragyps atratus) — 12; Sharp-shinned Hawk {Accipiter sfriatiis) — 1, identified by Gloria and David Patterson; Cooper’s Hawk (A. coo peril) — 2, both identified by George Mayfield; unidentified Ac- cipiters — 1; Red-tailed Hawk {Buteo ]amaicensh) — 30; Red-shouldered Hawk {B. lineatns) — 5; Broad-winged Hawk {B. platypterus) — 18; unidentified Buteo-type hawks — 1; American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) — 11; Bobwhite {CoUniis virginianus) — 878; Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasiauu^ colchicus) — 6, stocked by Tennessee Game and Fish Commission; Turkey (Meleagris gallo- pavo) — 8; American Coot {Fiilica americana) — 2; Killdeer {Charadrius voci- ferus) — 78; Spotted Sandpiper {Actitis macularia) — 2, transient; Least Sandpiper {Calidris minutilla) — 8, transient, identified by Tom Finucane; Semipalmated Sandpiper {Calidris pusillus) — 3, transient, identified by Fred Alsop, Morris Williams, and Chuck Nicholson; Rock Dove {Columba livia) — 121; Mourning Dove {Xenaida macroura) — 908; Yellow-billed Cuckoo {Coc- cyzus americarms) — 218; Black-billed Cuckoo (C. erythropthalmus) — 4; Screech Owl {Otns asio) — 3; Great Horned Owl {Bubo virginianus) — 5; Barred Owl {Sfrix varia) — 3; Chuck-wills-widow {Caprimulgus carolinensis) — 74; Whip-poor-will (C. vociferus) — 99; Common Nighthawk {Chordeiles minor) — 4; Chimney Swift {Chaetura pelagica) — 311; Ruby-throated Hum- mingbird {Archilochus colubris) — 13; Belted Kingfisher {Megaceryle alcyon) — 65; Common Flicker {Colaptes auratus) — 42, the low number when compared with that of the following species perhaps indicates some voice misidentifica- tions between the two; Pileated Woodpecker {Dryocopus pileatus) — 61; Red- bellied Woodpecker {Centurus carolinus) — 247; Red-headed Woodpecker {Melanerpes erythrocephalus) — 1, seen in Lawrenceburg by Martha Crawford; Hairy Woodpecker {Dendrocopos villosus) — 10; Downy Woodpecker (D. pubescens) — 76; Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) — 144; Great Crested Flycatcher {Myiarchus crinitus) — 90; Eastern Phoebe {Sayornis phoebe) — 72; Acadian Flycatcher {Empidonax virescens) — 126; Eastern Wood Pewee {Con- fopus) virens) — 134; Horned Lark {Eremophila alpestris) — 50; Tree Swallow {Iridoprocne bicolor) — 2, transient; Rough-winged Swallow {Stelgidopteryx ruficollis) — 54; Barn Swallow {Hirundo rustica) — 83 8; Cliff Swallow {Pefro- chelidon pyrrhonofa) — 2, Fred Alsop and Don Simbeck, first reported nesting attempt by the species in Lawrence County, pde Morris Williams; Purple Mar- tin {Progne subis) — 122; Blue Jay {Cyanocitta cris'tata) — 468; Common Crow {Corvus brachyrhynchos) — 5 84; Carolina Chickadee {Parus carolinensis) — 156; Tufted Titmouse (P. bicolor) — 345; White-breasted Nuthatch {Sitta carolinensis) — 5; Bewick’s Wren {Thryonianes bewickii) — 32; Carolina Wren {T. ludovicianus) — 223; Mockingbird {Mimus polyglottos) — 5 83 ; Gray Cat- bird {Dumetella carolinensis) — 119; Brown Thrasher {Toxostoma nifum) — 248; Robin {Turdus migratoriiis) — 213; Wood Thrush {Hylocichla musteline) [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 3 — 178; Swainson’s Thrush {Catbarus usttdata) — 1, identified by Tom and Joe Imhof; Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialh) — 43 3; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher {Folioptila caerulea) — 177; Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) — 4, transient??; Loggerhead Shrike (Lanms ludovicianus) — 132; Starling {Sturnm vulgaris) — 675; White-eyed Vireo (Vireo griseus) — 272; Yellow-throated Vireo (V. flavifrons) — 23; Red-eyed Vireo (V. olivaceus) — 213; Black-and-white War- bler {Mniotilta varia) — 7; Prothonotary Warbler {Frotonoiaria citrea) — 44; Worm-eating Warbler (Helmifberos vermivorus) — 7; Blue-winged Warbler (Vermivora pinus) — 44; Northern Parula Warbler {Farula americana) — 27; Yellow Warbler {Dendroica petechia) — 10; Cerulean Warbler (D. cerulea) — 24; Yellow- throated Warbler (D. dominica) — 44, two pairs were located within hearing distance of each other, one alone a creek in Sycamores and the other feeding fledged young in the pines on the ridge above; Pine Warbler (D. pimis) — 3; Prairie Warbler (D. discolor) — 158; Ovenbird {Seiurus aurocapillus) — 10; Louisiana Waterthrush (S. motacilla) — 97; Kentucky Warbler {Oporornis formosus) — 104; Common Yellowthroat {Geothlypis trichas) — 344; Yellow- breasted Chat (Icferia virem) — 512; Hooded Warbler {WHsonia citrina) — 30; American Redstart {Setophaga ruticilla) — 16; House Sparrow {Fasser domesti- cus) — 664; Bobolink {Dolichonyx oryzivorus) — 15, transient; Eastern Meadow- lark (Sttrrnella inagna) — 1021; Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) — 600; Orchard Oriole {Icterus spurius) — 234; Common Crackle {Ouiscahis quiscula) — 1,343; Brown-headed Cowbird {Molothrus ater) — 410; Scarlet Tanager (Firanga olivacea) — 36; Summer Tanager (F. rubra) — 154; Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) — 605; Rose-breasted Grosbeak {Fheucticus ludo- vicianus)— 5, transient; Blue Grosbeak {Guiraca caerulea) — 149; Indigo Bunt- ing (Fas serin a cyanea) — 1,192; Dickcissel (Spiza americana) — 49; American Goldfinch (Spinus tristis) — 76; Rufous-sided Towhee (Fipilo erythrophthal- mus) — 379; Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) — 41; Lark Sparrow (Ghondestes grammacus) — 22; Bachman’s Sparrow (Aimophila aesti- valis)— 6; Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina) — 139; Field Sparrow (S. ptisilla) — 648; White-crowned Sparrow (Xonotrichia leucophrys) — 2, transient; Morris Williams and Chuck Nicholson. The 109 species of birds reported are represented by 19,573 observations plus two unidentified hawks. The 14 most common species, reported 5 00 or more times, were: Common Crackle (1,343), Indigo Bunting (1,192), Eastern Meadowlark (1,021), Mourning Dove (908), Bob white (878), Barn Swallow (838), Starling (675), House Sparrow (664), Field Sparrow (648), Cardinal (605), Red-winged Blackbird (600), Common Crow (5 84), Mockingbird ( 583 ), and Yellow -breasted Chat (512). The rural mood of the area’s economic base is reflected in having its most abundant birds those of old fields, cultivated fields, brushy fence rows, and farm yards. Several interesting, if not surprising discoveries were made during the course of the Foray. The Lark Sparrow was known to nest in Lawrence County prior to the Foray (Morris Williams. 1971. The Migrant, 42 (2):32), but. this species was found to be much more numerous and widespread in the county than formerly suspected. The large number of singing Whip-poor-wills listed and the remarkable number of Scarlet Tanagers reported (several of which were seen as well as heard) make these two species, generally thought of as being more scarce at this latitude in this end of the State, interesting problems [VoL. 45, 1974] 4 THE MIGRANT MARCH in distribution that should have more field work carried forth on them. The fact that the White-eyed Vireo was reported more often than the Red-eyed Vireo perhaps reflects more time spent along the roadways where the former could be more easily detected by the observers than in the woodland haunts of the latter. THE BREEDING BIRD SURVEYS Censuses over areas of known size were conducted to learn something of the density of the breeding bird population in Lawrence County. The major method used was the roadside count. In addition, strip counts were conducted oiver three plots and a fourth, using an automobile, was made over three miles of unimproved roadway. The Roadside Counts: Ten roadside counts (Table 1) were conducted over six routes during the Foray. Each count began at 05:04 (CDT) and was run over a preselected route of 24.5 miles with the observer making stops of three minute duration each 0.5 mile and recording all birds detected during that counting period for each of the 5 0 stops. The census locations and the names of the observers executing them were: — CENTER POINT/IRON CITY; this run began at Center Point and ran westward thru Busby Switch and Westpoint and then southward terminating at the outskirts of Iron City. Route :^1 was censused by Fred Alsop with Don Simbeck recording. Route :;^la, the same as the above, was also censused by Noreen Smith. ^2 — ^WEST- POINT/HENRYVILLE; the route ran from the northwest outskirts of West- point northward thru Deerfield terminating on County 6312 southwest of Henryville. Route :^2 was censused by Lloyd Clayton with Curtis Kingsberry recording. :/^2a, the same as the above, was run by Robbie Hassler. Route :^3 — NEW HAVEN/SUMMERTOWN; this route began at the junction of the Laurel Hill Lake road and U.S. 64 in New Haven and ran north thru the southeast corner of Lewis County and terminated at Summertown. This route was censused by George Mayfield. Route #4 — FLAT WOODS/MINT SPRINGS BRANCH; this circular route in the northeast corner of the county began at the Flatwoods crossroads and went north to County 6230 east of Henryville, curving back southeast to Weber City, continuing east and then south to Mint Springs near the Giles County line. Ken Dubke censused this route with Lil Dubke recording. Route ^5 — BONNERTOWN/SUGAR CREEK; the route began in Bonnertown, ran east to Appleton, north to Crossroads, east toward Fall River, and then curved north and finally north- west ending near Sugar Creek. Dr. fames Tanner conducted the census and David Patterson recorded. Route #6— RASCAL TOWN/ST. JOSEPH; this route began on the county line just south of Rascal Town and ran northward to County 620 5, east to Ramah, south to County 6232, and west to its termi- nation on U.S. 43 just north of St. Joseph. Runs :^6 and ^6a were made by Tom Finucane over this route. Census ^6b, also over the same route, was made by Morris Williams with Chuck Nicholson recording. Species totals for each of the ten censuses appear in Table 1. The Least Sandpipers and the Rose-breasted Gros^beaks are birds in transient, and the two White-crowned Sparrows are also either transients or wintering birds late in departing the County. The Cedar Waxwings are also thought to have no status as breeding birds in Lawrence County. The Cliff Swallow, found nesting under a bridge over Shoal Creek [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 5 TABLE I BIRDS REPORTED ON 10 ROADSIDE COUNTS OVER 6 ROUTES. Route SPECIES #2 #3 #6 #6a #1 #4 NUMBER PER 50 STOP COUNT #2a #la #6b #5 TOTAL Green Heron 1 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 3 0 9 Mallard 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Turkey Vulture 3 4 1 0 0 15 7 5 1 2 38 Black Vulture 1 1 0 0 0 1 9 0 0 0 3 Cooper's Hawk 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Red-tailed Hawk 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 5 Red-shldr. Hawk 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Brd. -winged Hawk 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 6 Sparrow Hawk 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 4 Bobwhite 47 25 66 64 50 31 34 78 68 49 512 Ring-nkd. Pheasant 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 Turkey 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 Killdeer ’ 0 3 1 1 0 1 4 3 7 4 24 Least Sandpiper 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 Rock Dove 0 1 4 0 7 5 2 20 6 1 46 Mourning Dove 78 31 52 50 53 31 52 63 49 43 502 Yellow -bi. Cuckoo 11 6 2 3 20 10 15 18 16 10 111 Black -bi. Cuckoo 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 Gr. Horned Owl 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 3 Chk-will ' s -widow 0 3 5 0 0 2 7 0 2 0 19 Whip-poor-will 0 2 0 0 0 1 8 4 0 0 15 Chimney Swift 3 5 7 4 16 5 4 15 23 12 94 R-t. Hummingbird 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Belt. Kingfisher 1 2 0 2 5 0 1 5 3 1 20 Common Flicker 3 3 0 1 2 1 0 5 3 0 18 Pileated Wpkr. 4 1 2 2 1 0 4 6 1 8 29 Red-bell. Wpkr. 6 10 12 15 24 13 2 10 23 8 123 Hairy Woodpkr. 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 4 Downy Woodpkr. 4 1 5 r 7 1 1 1 3 1 25 E. Kingbird 3 7 4 6 5 7 5 3 10 8 58 G. Crest. Flycthr. 8 5 3 3 4 2 2 1 3 4 35 E. Phoebe 0 1 1 0 7 3 1 2 1 4 20 Acadian Flycatchr. 4 0 2 0 3 0 1 3 1 2 16 E. Wood Pewee 11 7 2 0 9 5 10 5 2 7 58 Horned Lark 0 3 1 1 1 1 1 0 3 6 17 Rough -wi. Swallow 4 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 9 Barn Swallow 22 20 9 13 69 29 18 50 22 45 297 Cliff Swallow 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Purple Martin 6 2 0 0 0 5 2 5 3 10 33 Blue Jay 20 7 7 4 36 17 12 21 28 35 187 Common Crow 30 27 38 25 46 28 22 51 67 40 374 Car. Chickadee 2 3 1 6 7 1 2 1 1 4 28 Tuft. Titmouse 31 12 12 10 16 3 15 20 6 8 133 Bewick's Wren 4 0 1 4 0 6 5 0 2 0 22 Carolina Wren 12 1 5 18 36 10 8 11 7 5 113 Mockingbird 9 20 20 20 27 10 24 34 32 22 218 Gray Catbird 3 2 1 3 14 3 2 2 3 4 37 Brown Thrasher 8 17 7 2 6 12 21 6 12 10 101 Am. Robin 8 10 17 6 11 9 5 3 14 13 96 Wood Thrush 12 5 1 2 14 2 2 2 3 5 48 E. Bluebird 11 26 21 13 10 7 16 18 14 30 166 B.-g. Gnatcatchr. 20 3 4 6 10 1 2 1 5 7 59 Cedar Waxwing 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 4 Logger. Shrike 2 4 2 1 1 11 4 2 10 9 46 Starling 24 17 11 15 82 22 46 40 20 15 292 Wh. -eyed Vireo 14 8 5 6 16 0 6 10 11 12 88 Yel.-th. Vireo 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Red-eyed Vireo 7 3 5 7 12 1 2 6 3 4 50 B. & wh. Warbler 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 Prothon. Warbler 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 Blue-wg. Warbler 5 0 2 1 4 1 1 0 0 0 14 Yellow Warbler 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 4 Cerulean Warbler 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 Yel. -thd. Warbler 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Prairie Warbler 10 4 4 5 7 2 10 4 2 6 54 [VoL. 45, 1974] 6 THE MIGRANT MARCH TABLE I (Cont.) Route SPECIES #2 #3 #6 #6a #1 #4 NUMBER PER 50 STOP COUNT #2 a #la #6b #5 TOTAL Ovenbird . 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 4 La. Waterthrush 0 1 3 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 7 Ky. Warbler 9 1 0 3 9 0 4 2 0 2 30 Com. Yellowthroat 17 13 18 11 32 14 20 17 22 28 192 Yel. -breast. Chat 36 17 25 19 37 17 15 29 37 26 258 Hooded Warbler 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 5 House Sparrow 2 9 17 9 28 40 22 53 16 23 209 Bobolink 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 E. Meadowlark 25 22 57 44 45 49 84 68 73 69 535 Red-wg. Bk. bird 14 20 16 16 17 37 30 48 37 24 259 Orchard Oriole 6 5 6 12 21 8 4 6 10 10 88 Common Crackle 31 31 45 39 135 44 36 30 95 180 666 Br. -hd. Cowbird 14 16 6 2 40 10 2 27 27 14 158 Scarlet Tanager 2 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 6 Summer Tanager 2 8 1 1 7 1 6 8 2 3 39 Cardinal 19 18 45 38 33 20 26 34 32 26 291 R.-bres. Grosbeak 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 Blue Grosbeak 0 5 4 4 7 5 10 0 8 6 49 Indigo Bunting 48 20 37 46 58 31 53 71 50 49 463 Dickcissel 0 0 2 3 1 8 0 0 2 1 17 Amer. Goldfinch 6 0 1 4 5 0 1 7 0 2 26 Ru. -sid. Towhee 32 15 11 6 43 15 14 13 12 20 181 Grasshopper Spar. 1 0 6 7 0 1 1 0 3 0 19 Lark Sparrow 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 4 Chipping Sparrow 4 3 7 7 17 4 6 1 5 8 62 Field Sparrow 22 24 20 32 42 31 25 34 53 44 327 Wh. -crowned Spar. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 west of Chinubee, is the first known nesting record for that species in the County. Ninety-two species were recorded on the roadside counts. Strip Census using an AtUomobile: George Mayfield made a strip census by driving over backroads and stopping every 0.1 mile for a total of 30 stops. As with the roadside counts above all birds seen and/or heard during each three minute stop were recorded. The count conducted in the Laurel Hill area along the Little Buffalo River began and ended in oak woods, ran mostly along the river habitats of tall timber, bluffs, and occasional abandoned fields. The results of the count with the numbers of individuals recorded in parenthesis follows: Turkey Vulture (2), Cooper’s Hawk (l),Bobwhite (3), Turkey (1), Yellow- billed Cuckoo (3), Chuck-will’s-widow (2), Whip-poor-will (3), Pileated Woodpecker (4), Red-bellied Woodpecker (3), Downy Woodpecker (2), Acadian Flycatcher (11), E. Wood Pewee (1), Blue Jay (6), Common Crow (10) , Carolina Chickadee (6), Tufted Titmouse (H), White-breasted Nut- hatch (1), Carolina Wren (5), Mockingbird (1), Blue-gray Gnatchatcher (13), White-eyed Vireo (11), Yellow-throated Vireo (2), Red-eyed Vireo (11) , Prothronotary Warbler (2), Worm-eating Warbler (1), Blue-winged Warbler (9), Parula Warbler (5), Cerulean Warbler (2), Yellow- throated Warbler (1), Prairie Warbler (3), Louisiana Water thrush (3), Kentucky War- bler (9), Common Yellowthroat (3), Yellow-breasted Chat (12), Hooded Warbler (6), American Redstart (8), Brown-headed Cowbird (8), Scarlet Tanager (1), Cardinal (15), Indigo Bunting (H), Rufous-sided Towhee (15), Chipping Sparrow ( 1 ) , Field Sparrow ( 5 ) . Strip Ccnmts: Three strip counts were conducted by pacing 100 steps through a selected habitat, stopping for three minutes and recording all the individual birds detected, and continuing this procedure in as straight a course [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 7 as possible for a minimum of 20 stops or until the type of habitat being cen- sused changed significantly, whichever came first. Approximately one acre of ground is covered between stations and thus a crude index of density is obtained by this method. Laurel Hills Wildlife Management Area: 28 May; 05:1 5-08:00; wind 0-2 mph; no cloud cover; strip along Artemis Lane; J. T. Tanner, observer; 20 stops: Red-shouldered Hawk (1), Bobwhite (8), Mourning Dove (3), Yellow- billed Cuckoo (10), Whip-poor-will (1), Pileated Woodpecker (5), Red- bellied Woodpecker (10), Downy Woodpecker (1), Great Crested Flycatcher (2) , Acadian Flycatcher (7), E. Wood Pewee (4), Blue Jay (5), Common Crow (11), Carolina Chickadee (3), Tufted Titmouse (23), Carolina Wren (5), Wood Thrush (1), Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (2), White-eyed Vireo (5), Yellow- throated Vireo (2), Red-eyed Vireo (17), Cerulean Warbler (2), Yellow-throated Warbler (1), Ovenbird (4), Louisiana Waterthrush (1), Ken- tucky Warbler (5), Common Yellowthroat (3), Yellow-breasted Chat (3), Hooded Warbler (1), American Redstart (1), Common Crackle (1), Brown- headed Cowbird (5), Summer Tanager (6), Cardinal (9), Indigo Bunting (5), American Goldfinch (3), Rufous-sided Towhee (6), Field Sparrow (6). Hood Road Area: Ten miles west of Lawrenceburg; Habitat; about equally divided between mixed deciduous woods, weedy fields, and rolling pasture with tall grasses; 29 May; 06:10-09:00; wind 5-10 mph; cloudy; Lloyd Clayton, observer; 24 stops. Turkey Vulture (1), Bobwhite (24), Mourning Dove (3), Yellow-billed Cuckoo (6), Chimney Swift (5), Belted Kingfisher (1), Pileated Woodpecker (6), Red-bellied Woodpecker (4), Downy Woodpecker (2), East- ern Kingbird (1), Acadian Flycatcher (4), E. Wood Pewee (5), Blue Jay (17), Common Crow (17), Carolina Chickadee (1), Tufted Titmouse (13), Carolina Wren (2), Mockingbird (6), Gray Catbird (1), Brown Thrasher (7), Wood Thrush (8), White-eyed Vireo (3), Black-and-white Warbler (1), Louisiana Waterthrush (1), Kentucky Warbler (1), Common Yellowthroat (5), Yellow-breasted Chat (24), E. Meadowlark (21), Orchard Oriole (1), Common Crackle (11), Brown-headed Cowbird (3), Scarlet Tanager (4), Summer Tanager (15)?, Cardinal (10), Blue Grosbeak (5), Indigo Bunting (9), Rufous-sided Towhee (7), Grasshopper Sparrow (2), Field Sparrow (31). Cany Branch Woodlot one mile SSW of Loretto: habitat, oak-hickory wood- lot with many trees exceeding 10 inches DBH; 29 May; 07:30-09:15; wind 3-8 mph; 90% overcast; F. J. Alsop, observer; 14 stops. Broad-wineed Hawk (1), Mourning Doive (2), Yellow-billed Cuckoo (1), Red-bellied Woodpecker (3) , Downy Woodpecker (2), Great Crested Flycatcher (2), Acadian Fly- catcher (4) , E. Wood Pewee (3 ) , Blue Jay ( 14) , Common Crow ( 1 ) , Carolina Chickadee (3), Tufted Titmouse (10), White-breasted Nuthatch (1), Caro- lina Wren (1), Wood Thrush (7), Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (1), Yellow- throated Vireo (1), Red-eyed Vireo (2), Louisiana Waterthrush (3), Kentucky Warbler (2), Common Crackle (2), Brown-headed Cowbird (5), Scarlet Tanager (2), Cardinal (5), Rufous-sided Towhee (2). BREEDING BIRD RECORDS THROUGH NEST LOCATION All the Foray participants were alert in their quests to discover and record as many nests as possible during the Foray. Nests are not always easily found. [VoL. 45, 1974] 8 THE MIGRANT MARCH but 68 nests of 28 species were observed and nesting cards for the Cornell University nesting card program were completed for each. A summation of the breeding records thus gained are presented as follows: NESTS FOUND DURING THE FORAY. E = eggs, Y = young. Red- tailed Hawk: 1 nest — lY — MDW. Red-shouldered Hawk: 1 nest — 2Y- — MDW. Rock Dove: 2 nest — 2E, 2E — DEP. Mourning Dove: 2 nest — 2E — FJA, 2E — CPN. Ruby- throated Hummingbird: 1 nest — 2Y — MDW. Belted Kingfisher: 1 nest — contents unknown — DWM. Downy Woodpecker: 2 nest — 2Y, lY — FJA. Red-bellied Woodpecker: 2 nest — 2Y, lY — FJA. Eastern Phoebe: 5 nest — 4E — ^DWM., 4E, 4E, 4E — WES, contents unknown — DEP. Acadian Flycatcher: 1 nest — ^building — RCH. Eastern Wood Pewee: 1 nest — ^building — DWM. Rough- winged Swallow: 1 nest — lY — DWM. Barn Swallow: 5 nest — 5Y, 3Y, 4Y, 4Y — DEP, 4E — WES. Cliff Swallow: 1 nest — ^building — ^FJA. Bewick’s Wren: 1 nest — 6E — DEP. Brown Thrasher: 1 nest — 3Y — ^DEP. Wood Thrush: 1 nest — building — DEP. Eastern Bluebird: 4 nest — 4Y — RCH, 4Y — CPN, lY, 5E — DKS. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher: 1 nest — contents unknown — DEP. Logger- head Shrike: 1 nest — lY — DKS. Starling: 2 nest — lY — FJA, lY — RCH. House Sparrow: 6 nest — lY, lY, lY, lY, lY — FJA, contents unknown — LHD. Red-winged Blackbird: 16 nest — 2E and 2Y, 4Y, lE (abandoned), 4Y — FJA, 2E— MLB, 3E— DWM, 3Y, 4Y, 3Y, 3E, 4Y, 3E, 4E, lE— CPN, 2Y and IE, 2Y — DKS. Orchard Oriole: 2 nest — lY — FJA, 2Y — DKS. Common Crackle: 3 nest — 2Y and lE, contents unknown, 4E — FJA. Cardinal: 1 nest — 2E (abandoned) — MDW. Rufous-sided Towhee: 1 nest — 4E — DEP. Field Sparrow: 2 nest — 2E and 2Y — CPN, 4Y — ^MDW. THE FORAY BIRD PROJECT The Blue Grosbeak was selected as the Foray bird with the intent of re- cording as much information as possible as to the status of this bird in Law- rence County. The bird was found to be well represented in proper habitat throughout the County with 149 observations reported for the species. A County map was used during the Foray to plot locations of Blue Grosbeak sightings in order to attempt an estimate of the population density while avoid- ing duplication of the records. The bird was thus reported from 84 locations. Almost all the birds observed were males and the bulk of these were singing males. Many were first detected by their songs, but some by their conspicuous perches on fences and utility wires bordering the roadways. No nests were located. Lee Shafer devoted some time to the study of this bird as a part of this Foray project and submitted this information: Territory size; 7 males observed seemed to hold an area of approximately 20 acres each. Singing; The males sang little, usually staying at a singing post less than 3 minutes. No females were seen to sing. Nesting Activity; No nests found. The one female flushed from likely nesting cover showed no excitement to a search of the area; neither did a male perched in a nearby tree. Feeding; One male was seen to feed on the young leaves in the top of a Sassafrass tree. A male and one juvenile spent some time scratching in a sawdust pile, but examination did not reveal what, if anything, they were feeding upo>n. One male spent some time feeding in the company of a Horned Lark on the ground in a cotton field, but again, no insects, seeds, etc. to indicate just what was being consumed could be found. [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 9 PARTICIPANTS Fred J. Alsop, III (FJA) — Foray Director, Mike Bierly (MLB), Buffalo Chapter TOS, Helen Clayton, Lloyd Clayton, Martha Crawford, Ken Dubke, Lil Dubke (LHD), Tom Finucane, Katherine Goodpasture, Mrs. C. S. Harmon, David Hassler, Robbie Hassler (RCH), Tom Hull, Joe Imhof (Alabama), Tom Imhof (Alabama), Louise Jackson, Curtiss Kingsberry (Florida), Doris KIngsberry (Florida), Don Manning (DWM), Gina Manning, Becky Mayfield, Cleo Mayfield, George Mayfield, Mark Mayfield, Rad Mayfield, Chester Mc- Connell, Chuck Nicholson (CPN), David Patterson (DEP), Gloria Patterson, Lee Shafer (WLS), Don Simbeck (DKS), Arlo Smith, Noreen Smith, James T. Tanner, Morris Williams (MDW) — Foray County Coordinator, Wiley Willis. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Our gratitude is expressed to the members and friends of the Buffalo River Chapter of TOS for all the groundwork which was done long before the Foray participants arrived in Lawrence County. Roadside counts had been established, maps of the county obtained, a meeting place arranged in the newest building in David Crockett State Park, publicity had been well taken care of and the countless small things that meant so much in assuring a successful Foray. Our thanks, too, to the many top birders from across Tennessee, the Kings- berrys of Florida, and the Imhofs of Alabama, for once again working so hard in this labor of love to assemble this ornithological information on another area of our state not frequently visited by birders. One just has to be a part of one of these TOS Forays to realize some of the full meaning of birding, and birders, in Tennessee. See You at the next one? ^Department of Zoology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37916 (present address: Dept, of Biology, Kingsport University Center, East Tennessee State University, P. O. Box 9, Kingsport 37660). 2p. O. Box 25, Five Points, Tennessee 3 8457. PRESERVATION OF EARLY BIRD RECORDS Alfred Clebsch, formerly of Clarksville, Tennessee, but now living in Cali- fornia, has conveyed to the Tennessee Ornithological Society some early records made in the Clarksville area. These include a list of the birds of Montgomery County made by William H. Deaderick in 1899, records of bird banding done by Mr. Clebsch and his friends from 193 8 through 1941, and the minutes of the Clarksville Chapter of the T.O.S. from 193 5 through 1940. The latter includes a tabular checklist of bird records for the years 1936 through 1940. The T.O.S. greatly appreciates the efforts of Mr. Clebsch in preserving these materials. The records are now deposited in the Special Collection of the University of Tennessee Library at Knoxville. Here they are being cataloged and will be safeguarded and made available for future use. Material from other sources will be preserved in the same way to encourage the study of birds In Tennessee. Any person knowing of such materials is asked to communicate with the curator of the T.O.S., James T. Tanner, Route 28, Box 15 5, Knoxville, Ten- nessee 37920. [VoL. 45, 1974] 10 THE MIGRANT MARCH THE 1973 CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNTS Morris D. Williams Twenty- two counts across the state yielded a total of 127 species during the forty- third annual Christmas Bird Count in Tennessee. The total, although high, is less than that of the past two years. In addition to the species recorded on the counts, two unusual species were reported during the count period: Western Grebe at Reelf oot and Black-headed Grosbeak at Murfreesboro. These birds are believed to represent the second state records of their respective species. The number of Red-headed Woodpeckers was high; one hundred and sixty- six birds this year compared to 62 last year. Oldsquaws appeared on four counts. Tree Sparrows appeared on seven counts for a total of 133 birds compared to 4 birds last year. Two counts, Buffalo River (Lawrence County) and Springfield, appear in The Migrant for the first time. Information regarding the identification of certain unusual species is re- tained in the files of the editor of this section. Space limitations preclude their publication. Unfortunately, some records were unacceptable because details of the observations were not submitted. The counts are tabulated as they occur from west to east across the state. INFORMATION ON THE COUNTS MEMPHIS — 16 Dec.; 07:00 to 16:3 0; light snow to 10:30, mostly cloudy afterwards; temp. 32° to 37°; wind N, 10-20 m.p.h.; 22 observers in 8 parties; 60 party-hours (40 on foot, 20 by car); 143 party-miles (42 on foot, 101 by car) . Lula and Ben Coffey (compilers — 672 N. Belvedere, Memphis 38107), Fred Dickson, Helen and Henry Dinkelspiel, Jack Embury, John L. Johnson, Lee R. Johnson, Edward M. King, Allan R. Larrabee, Robert W. McGowan, Nelle Moore, George Payne, Jr., Ella Ragland, Ernest Restivo, Richard G. Taylor, Alice Smith, Arlo I. and Noreen Smith, Martha Waldron, Wendell L. Whitte- more. Rose Wooldridge. REELFOOT — 22 Dec.; 06:30 to 16:30; overcast; temp. 20° to 49°; wind NE, 0-10 m.p.h.; 35j party-hours (13 J on foot, 20 by car, 1 by boat); 216 NE, 0-10 m.p.h.; 35 party-hours (13 on foot, 20j by car, Ij by boat); 216 party-miles ( 1 1 on foot, 201 by car, 11 by boat). Cattle Egret by Hogg and Poitevint. Fish Crows by Gina Manning, identi- fied by call. Longspurs by Coffey party. Seen in area during week preceeding count: Western Grebe, Golden Eagle, American Woodcock, Turkey, and Vesper Sparrow. [VoL. 45, 1974] THE 1973 CHRISTMAS SEASON BIRD COUNTS Memph Reelf Sevan Dover Clark Buffa Colum Nashv Sprin Hicko Murfr Leban Cooke Chatt Hiwas Norri Knoxv GSMNP Green Kings Eliza Brist 1974 THE MIGRANT 11 [VoL. 45, 1974] Memph Reelf Sevan Dover Clark Buffa Colum Nashv Sprln Hicko Murfr Leban Cooke Chatt Hiwas Norri Knoxv GSMNP Green Kings Eliza Brist 12 THE MIGRANT MARCH [VoL. 45, 1974] Memph Reelf Sevan. Dover Clark Buffa Colura Nashv Sprin Hicko Murfr Leban Cooke Chart Hiwas Norris Knoxv GSMNP Green Kings Eliza Brist 1974 THE MIGRANT 13 [VoL. 45, 1974] = 1,000 includes some Carolina Chickadees 14 THE MIGRANT MARCH Twenty-six of the sixty-six bald eagles were immatures. Thirty-five of the Snow Geese were of the blue morph. Ben and Lula Coffey, George Hervey, Guy Hogg, John Johnson, Gerald Ledbetter, Don and Gina Manning (compilers — 103 Stonewall Circle, MeKenzie 3 8201), Jean Markham, Howard Poitevint, Bettie Sumara. SAVANNAH — 23 Dec.; all day; 100% overcast, temp. 42° to 52°; wind S, 5-15 m.p.h.; two parties; 20 party hours; 90 party-miles. Egrets were in two flocks flying over. Lloyd C. Clayton, David E. Patterson (compiler — Harbert Hills Academy, Savannah 3 8 372), Michael Patterson, Morris D. Williams. DOVER — 16 Dec.; 06:30 to 17:00; light snow most of day; temp. 22° to 3 0°; two parties; 18 party-hours; 130 party-miles (3 on foot, 127 by car). James and Susan Chiles, Tony Mahoney, Millie Perry, Dianne Sexton, John W. Sexton (compiler — Route 1, Dover 3705 8), Jack Sites, Nathan Snyder. CLARKSVILLE — 22 Dec.; 06:3 0 to 17:00; partly cloudy most of day, brief clearing at noon; temp. 13° to 33°; wind W, 5-15 m.p.h.; 22 observers in 5 parties; 48 party hours (25 on foot, 23 by car); 306 party-miles (33 on foot, 273 by car) . Joe Allen, David Chiles, Adney Cross, Michael Dinsmore, Mike Filson, Floyd Ford, Don and Kay Harker, Nita Heilman, Ellen Hutchison (organizer of feeder counts), Ray Kutzman, Kathy Lee, Tony Mahoney, Millie Perry, Jack Sites, Jr., David Snyder (compiler — Austin Peay St. Univ., Clarksville 37040), Juanita Snyder, Mary Ann Stephens, Joe and Carol Wallace, Peggy Wallen, Juaquin Walling, Barbara Wilbur. Additional Feeder Observers: Bill Baldwins, Lois Bousman, Carlos Brewers, Juanita Harris, E. L. Hensons, William Lyles, Jim Nixon, Waldo Rassases, Louise Roach, Woodrow Walkers, Priscilla Weathersby. BUFFALO RIVER — 27 Dec.; 06:00 to 18:00; clear to partly cloudy a.m., cloudy p.m.; wind SW, 10-15 m.p.h.; temp. 40° to 50°. 9 observers in 4 parties; 48 party-hours (25 on foot, 23 by car); 177 party-miles (24 on foot, 153 by car). County centered at Deerfield on US Highway 64 in Western Lawrence County. Seen in area count week but not on count day: Pied-billed Grebe, Ring- necked Pheasant. Lloyd Clayton (compiler — Route 4, Lawrenceburg 3 8464), Bill Davis, Dave Ihrie, Chester McConnel, David Patterson, Michael Patterson, Don Sim- beck, Morris Williams. COLUMBIA — 28 Dec.; partly cloudy; temp. 28° to 50°; wind W, 5-15 m.p.h.; 4 observers in 2 parties plus 4 feeder observers; 16 j party-hours (9 on foot, 7 by car, | by plane); 268 party-miles (8 on foot, 200 by car, 60 by plane) . Seen during count period but not on count day: Pintail, Turkey Vulture, Eastern Phoebe, Cedar Waxwing, Evening Grosbeak. [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 15 Barbara Finney, William Fuqua, Rachel Garrett, Daniel Gray, III, Lyle Hampton, Louise Hardison, George Mayfield, Jr. (compiler — Maury County Hospital, Columbia 3 8401), Rad Mayfield, III. NASHVILLE — 29 Dec.; 05:45 to 17:00; partly cloudy, intermittent rain; temp. 32° to 62°; wind WNW, 5-29 m.p.h.; 3 8 observers in 8 parties; 77 party-hours (28 on foot, 49 by car) ; 196 party-miles (27 on foot, 169 by car). In count area count week but not seen count day: Snow Goose, Ring-necked Pheasant, White-breasted Nuthatch, Cedar Waxwing. Frances Abernathy, Clyde and Vivian Anderson, Sue Bell, Michael Bierly, John Brevard, Ruth Castles, Annella Creech, Milbrey Dugger, Mrs. Nelson Elam, John and Evelyn Ellis, Clara Fentress, Bill and Sally Fintel, Dianne Galli- more, Katherine Goodpasture, Ben Groce, John Herbert, Louise Jackson, Barry Jones, Margaret Mann, Randy Martin, Ann Nichols, Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Patrick, Charles Percival, Mrs. W. A. Puryear, Win Shaughnessy (compiler — 6413 Curry wood Dr., Nashville 37205), Pat Stallings, Anna Sulser, Ann Tar- bell, L. O. Trabue, Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Vaughn, Mr. and Mrs. George Wood- ring, Virginia Workman. SPRINGFIELD — 30 Dec.; 05:15 to 18:15; mostly cloudy; temp. 26° to 38°; wind SE, 3-10 m.p.h.; 5 parties; 45 party-hours (16 on foot, 23 by car); 6 feeder hours; 223 party-miles (14 on foot, 209 by car), center 36° 30’ N; 86° 5 2’ W., .5 mile east of US 41 on Industrial Drive. Mike Bierly, Ann Boyd, Lance Bracy, Georgia Doss, James Holt (compiler — Box 250, Springfield), Margaret Mann, Bob Ralph, Charles Ralph, Pat Stallings, Odis and Betty Swallows, Sr. Feeder observers: Mrs. John R. Dunn, Mrs. Joe Gunn, Dr. and Mrs. Dan Holt. HICKORY-PRIEST — 22 Dec.; 05:15 to 17:15; cloudy to clear; temp. 10° to 3 8°; wind SSE, 4 to 13 m.p.h.; snow cover J in. to 1 in.; 10 observers in 5 parties; 3 feeder observers; 48 party-hours (20 on foot, 28 by car); 234 party- miles (16 on foot, 218 by car). Vivian Anderson, Michael Bierly, Dot Crawford, Paul Crawford (compiler — Route 4, Gallatin 37066), Annella Creech, Milbrey Dugger, Bill and Sally Fintel, Katherine Goodpasture, Carol Knauth, Margaret Mann, Pat Stallings, Ann Tarbell. MURFREESBORO — 29 Dec.; 07:00 to 15:00; overcast, intermittant rain with light to heavy showers; streams swollen; winds to 30 m.p.h.; 16 observers in 8 parties; 14 feeder observers; 80 party-miles (20 on foot, 60 by car). Center Broad St. and Main, Murfreesboro. Seen in area count week but not on count day: Black-headed Grosbeak. Bertha Chrietzberg, Dr. Patrick Doyle, Lou Erwin, Mr. and Mrs. Monty Halcomb, Edith Hayes, Anne Hetish (compiler — 1018 Lawndale, Murfreesboro [VoL. 45, 1974] 16 THE MIGRANT MARCH 37130), Margaret Hibbett, Dr. and Mrs. Paul Hutcheson, Linda Johnson, Rebecca Jones, Mr. and Mrs. Sam Lane, Pat Martin, Mr. and Mrs. Larry McFar- lin, Mr. and Mrs. Steve McKnight, Ruth McMillan, Clarice Miller, Dr. and Mrs. Eugene Odum, Elizabeth Pendleton, Alberta Spence, Mr. and Mrs. C. B. Stedman, Frances Vaughn, Mr. and Mrs. Floyd Wilson. LEBANON — 22 Dec.; 05:30 to 23:30; mostly clear; temp. 10° to 37°; wind W, 5-10 m.p.h.; snow cover 1 in. to 2 in.; 34 observers, 6 parties, 12 individuals, 22 feeder observers; 42 party-hours (17 on foot, 25 by car), 57 feeder-hours; 315 party-miles (22 on foot, 293 by car). Carine Bain, Earlene Berry, Dr. and Mrs. Sidney Berry, Madalyn Bertoville, Sue Banton, Lucille Chambers, Mr. and Mrs. Clay Couch, Bobby Gamble, Mildred Gaston, Mrs. Henry Hall, Myrtle Hobbs, Mrs. Ernest Jackson, Glen Johnson, Marjorie Loyd, Reed MoKee, Mr. and Mrs. Byran Paul, Douglas Pelren, Ray Pope, Nina Reed, Betsy Sellars, Mrs. Clyde Sellars, Mr. and Mrs. John Sellars, Rev. William Senter (compiler — 313 West Hills Dr., Lebanon 37087), Mr. and Mrs. William Smith, George Suddarth, Teressa Waters, Mrs. William Welty, Mary Wharton, Dr. and Mrs. Dean Wilkinson. COOKEVILLE — 28 Dec.; 07:00 to 17:00; temp. 40° to 60°; windy. Beulah Clark, Dr. and Mrs. J. O. Cummins, Caprice Haile, Raymond D. High, D. D. Hinds, Roy T. Hinds, Mr. and Mrs. Frazier Jaques, Amy Johnson, Elizabeth Killifer, Mr. and Mrs. T. B. Link, Dr. and Mrs. Sidney McGee, Mrs. J. T. Moore, Sr., Miser R. Richmond (compiler — 519 N. Jelferson Ave., Cooke- ville 3 8 501 ), Thelma Tinnon, F. R. Toline. CHATTANOOGA — 16 Dec.; temp. 29° to 38°; clear; wind N, 15-25 m.p.h.; 27 observers in 9 parties; 6 feeder observers; 74 party-hours (40 on foot, 34 by car) ; 770 party-miles (29 on foot, 741 by car). Frank and Kay Baisden, Jim and Frances Barnwell, Gary and Christine Bayne, Wilbur K. Butts, Campbell and Edie Carden, Cecil and Jane Clark, Elizabeth Davis, Carl Drover, Ken and Lil Dubke, Edith Fenn, J. R. Freeman, Ann Gibson, Tom B. Heyes, Frank Hixon (compiler — 6112-A Colony Circle, Hixon 37343), Gloria Hixon, Daniel Jacobson, Daniel Knarr, Max Ley, David Qualls, Vita Sliger, Eugene Tremmer. HIWASSEE — 24 Dec.; 07:00 to 19:00; fog in a.m., clear in p.m.; temp. 28° to 45°; wind in p.m. 15 m.p.h.; 8 observers in 3 parties; 21 party-hours (17 on foot, 4 by car); 79 party-miles (19 by foot, 60 by car). Gary and Christine Bayne, Jon and Nancy DeVore, Kenneth H. and Lillian Dubke (compilers — Apt. 1, 720 Bacon Trail, Chattanooga 37412), Jon Gibson, Daniel Knarr. NORRIS — 30 Dec.; overcast; temp. 30° to 41°; wind 0 to 5 m.p.h. Joan Hammer (compiler). KNOXVILLE — 16 Dec.; 06:30 to 17:00; overcast, drizzling rain to light snow; temp. 28° to 41°; wind N, 5 to 12 m.p.h.; 13 observers in 9 parties; 91 party-hours (56 on foot, 3 5 by car) ; 499 party-miles (42 on foot, 457 by car). [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 17 James M. Campbell, John Elson, J. C. Howell, Chester Massey, Terry Mc- Gown, Gary Muffly, Charles P. Nicholson, Holly Overton, Paul Pardue, Johneta and Louis Smith, James T. Tanner (compiler — Rt. 28, Box 15 5, Knoxville 37920). GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS — 30 Dec.; 06:30 to 17:30; clear to partly cloudy; temp. 31° to 60°; wind 1 to 24 m.p.h.; 34 observers in 12 parties; 5 feeder observers; 110 party-hours (48 on foot, 27 by car, 3 5 at feeders); 272 party-miles (54 on foot, 218 by car). Winnifred Brown, James M. Campbell, Glenn Cardwell, Nancy Clark, Mary Francis Davidson, Don DeFoe (compiler — GSMNP Headquarters, Gatlin- burg 3773 8), Jay DeFoe, Lori DeFoe, Shirley DeFoe, James Dingwall, Mildred Garrison, David Hassler, Robbie Hassler, Eleanor Massey, Morton Massey, Terry McGown, Cynthia Muffly, Gary Muflly, Muriel Monroe, Louise Nunnally, J. B. Owen, Paul Pardue, Pauline Ryder, Boyd Sharp, Jr., Mary Sharp, Nape Shelton, Johneta Smith, Louis Smith, Arthur Stupka, Margaret Stupka, George Wood, Hedy Wood, Bill Williams, Irene Williams, Dick Zani. GREENE VILLE — 23 Dec.; 08:00 to 17:00; overcast, snow cover 90% in a.m.; temp. 28° to 42°; wind 0-2 m.p.h. Mr. and Mrs. Richard Nevius (compilers — Greeneville 37743), Dr. and Mrs. Richard Sievert, Dr. and Mrs. Royal Specs, Karl Specs. KINGSPORT — 29 Dec.; 07:00 to 16:30; cloudy to overcast, light rains to thunderstorms with heavy rains; temp. 30° to 47°; wind NW, 0 to 18 m.p.h.; 11 parties; 50 party-hours; 124 party-miles. Hattie and Roy Allen, Tony Baird, Tom Bowman, Charlotte and Tom Finu- cane (compiler — 1434 Watauga St., Kingsport 37664), Jeff Francisco, Tom Gannaway, Ed Gift, John Pierce, Mary Mayne Ramsey, Eugene Scott, Arthur Smith, Ann Switzer, Howard Young. ELIZABETHTON — 15 Dec.; 07:00 to 17:00; cloudy in a.m., heavy over- cast and light showers in p.m.; temp. 30° to 39°; no wind; 13 observers in 7 parties; 59 party-hours (29 on foot, 20 by car, 10 by boat); 213 party-miles (24 on foot, 174 by car, 15 by boat). Fred Behrend, Joy Dillenbeck, Glen D. Eller (compiler — Route 3, Grand- view Terrace, Elizabethton 37643), Sally Goodin, Dr. and Mrs. Lee Herndon, Dr. and Mrs. Dick Lura, John Martin, Pete Range, Mr. and Mrs. Tommy Swindell, Dr. Gary Wallace. BRISTOL — 29 Dec.; 08:00 to 17:00; overcast, intermittant rain; temp. 33° to 48°; wind NE, 5 to 10 m.p.h.; 13 observers in 7 parties; 5 feeder ob- servers; 299 party-miles (16 on foot, 238 by car, 45 by boat). Judy Abbott, Rockwell Bingham (compiler — 216 Melody Lane, Bristol 37620), Rosemary Bingham, Mrs. W. W. Case, Wallace Coffey, Lelia Epperson, Kenneth Hale, Joseph Jackson, David McPeak, Conrad Ottenfield, Helen Otten- field, H. E. Reynolds, Mary Smith, Thomas C. Smith, Enno VanGelder, Roger VanGelder, Dianne Wilson, D. W. Yambert. [VoL. 45, 1974] 18 THE MIGRANT MARCH ROUND TABLE NOTES THE BREEDING OF HAWAIIAN GEESE IN THE SOUTH— I have been advised by several waterfowl experts that our results in breeding Nenes (Hawaiian Goose Bran fa sandvicensis) this past season are considered to be a record, and that other aviculturists would be interested in our methods. I consider myself to be a novice, although I have kept waterfowl of various kinds since childhood. I became interested in Nenes several years ago and began to study their history, habits, etc. While on business trips, I visited the Pohakuloa Breeding Station in Hawaii and also the Wildfowl Trust in England in order to learn more about these wonderful birds. After several years, I was able to obtain a pair of yearling birds, the male coming from one source, the female from another. I will digress for a moment to describe the geographical area in which I live (Central Tennessee), and our physical facilities. This is an area of mod- erate winter climate, although we do experience a great deal of sub-freezing temperatures with several days when the thermometer goes down to zero or below. Our birds are housed in a converted poultry house, which has both indoor and outdoor pens. The indoor pen has a concrete floor covered with four inches of sand, a fibreglass pool and a gas-fired heater to maintain the tem- perature at fifty degrees Fahrenheit or above. The female Nene laid for the first time in January 1971. She laid three clutches of four eggs each, all of which were infertile. Since the male was obviously sterile, I began searching for another. Through friends, I was able to get a young, agressive male which proved to be fertile. This year the female laid four clutches, totalling nineteen eggs, fourteen of which hatched!! Now, to the details of how we care for our adult and young birds. The breeders are fed commercial breeder chow, poultry scratch, and all the cull lettuce they will eat daily. We use cedar brush in the corners of our indoor pens for nesting sites, and so far, the female has used the same location both years. We are fortunate in having a large flock of Silkie Bantams which furnishes us with a dependable supply of broodies. We set only two eggs under each broody and, therefore, the eggs are never more than two days old before they are set. When hatched, the goslings are put in an indoor brood coop with their foster mother. A heat lamp is used for supplemental heat. When the goslings are four to six weeks old, they are moved to an outdoor pen which has a heated shelter. The goslings are fed commercial game bird starting and growing chow along with chopped lettuce. Until they are about seven days old, they are fed hard-boiled egg yolk crumbled on their dry feed. Our limited experi- ence indicates that Nenes are not difficult to rear once they are hatched. The greatest problem is due to the cold weather we experience during the hatching season, and heated facility are a must. Since the cessation of laying, beginning of moult, and the arrival of warm Spring weather occur almost simultaneously, we release our breeders onto the lake used by our other waterfowl where they have ample grazing and natural food during the Summer months. This gets them in top breeding condition before the cycle begins again in January. T. W. Comer, 218-28 Second Ave., North, Nashville 37203. [VoL. 4S, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 19 SPRING MIGRATION OF BROAD-WINGED HAWKS IN CUMBER- LAND COUNTY — On 13 April 1972, as we neared home following a shopping trip in Crossville, we saw several Broadwings {Buteo platyptems) behaving like migrants. Upon reaching home we started watching for more and were amply rewarded. As is customary in Fall hawkwatching, we recorded observations in periods of 30 minutes each. The tally is as follows, beginning at 10:00' and ending at 14:3 0: 14, 26, 29, 7, 6, 44, A3, U 1, a total of 175. The largest group con- sisted of 14 birds. Three unidentified accipiters and 1 unidentified buteo were also seen. All of the hawks were located with the naked eye and no attempt was made to search with binoculars. However, all hawks seen after 10:30 were very high. A large proportion passed through in the space between two layers of clouds. Use of binoculars for identification sometimes made other hawks visible. Following is the usual data supplied in connection with hawkwatching: 1830 feet elevation; temperature, 70-75 deg.; partly cloudy, becoming over- cast about 2 p.m.; wind out of the SW, 5-12 mph. Mr. and Mrs. E. M. West, Rt. 1, Box 44 5C, Crossville 385 5 5. FIRST NASHVILLE RUDDY TURNSTONE—While searching for shore- birds at Buena Vista Bottoms, Nashville, on 12 May 1972 one Ruddy Turnstone {Arenaria infer pres) was found at 19:00 CDT by Mike Bierly, John Riggins and Harry Monk. The bird was feeding along the pebbly shoreline of a large pond about 100 feet across from our position. Viewed with various power binoculars and a Bausch and Lomb 15 -6 OX scope, the bird was about the size of a nearby Killdeer {Charadrius vocifenis) but shorter legged; had a thin, short upturned bill; black on throat and breast with two black swirls, one going to the side of the head and one joining the red back at the shoulders; white on the forehead, the upper most part of the throat and between the black projections; gray circle on back of head; reddish back with black splotches; and dull orange legs. After five minutes it flew across the pond toward us and veered over a rise behind our position and out of sight. However the bird was seen again on the following two days, 13, 14 May, but was not present on the 15th or thereafter. Confusion with other species in this plumage was unlikely. A total of seven people observed the bird. The weather at the time was overcast with threatening rain and a tempera- ture of 73° F. A frontal system was approaching from the northwest. All three initial observers were familiar with the species, especially on the coast. This is the eleventh known state record and third spring observation as reported in The Migrant. There previously have been two sightings in the Western Coastal Plain, one in the Central Basin and Highland Rim, six in the Eastern Ridge and Valley, and one in the Eastern Mountain Regions. Michael Lee Bierly, 3 826 Bedford Avenue, Nashville 3721 5, John N. Riggins, 5615 Brookwood Place, Nashville 37205, Harry C. Monk, Apart- ment 5, 2013 Capers Avenue, Nashville 37212. [VoL. 45, 1974] 20 THE MIGRANT MARCH THE SEASON Fred J. Aesop, III, Editor WINTER SEASON : 1 November - 15 March The season across the state was mild and wet. Perhaps most noteworthy are the numerous records of large numbers of cormorants, loons, grebes, coots, and other waterfowl observed in the following reports. Short-eared Owls were recorded in all but the Eastern Mountain Region. There were widely scattered observations of Northern finches, but not in great numbers. Red Crossbills were found in the Central Plateau and Basin and the Eastern Ridge and Valley Regions. House Finches were present for the third consecutive winter in East Tennessee. Western visitors included a Western Grebe, Franklin’s Gulls, and a Black-headed Grosbeak in the Plateau and Basin Region, and a Black-headed Grosbeak in Knoxville. Other unusual observations include those of Glossy Ibis and Lapland Longspurs in the Plateau and Basin, and a Snow Bunting in the Eastern Mountain Region. There are many reports of late lingering shorebirds and several species of warblers, as well as a very late Broad-winged Hawk (the last in the Chatta- nooga area) . Many Tennessee birders were active in the field as the numerous records which follow indicate, but many additional society members surely saw many things not reported. Do your part to provide "THE SEASON” with the most complete picture of Tennessee’s changing avifauna by submitting YOUR rec- ords to your regional compiler at the end of every month. Don’t wait for him to contact you — we of The Migrant enthusiastically solicit the information on Tennessee birds you gather during your birding activities. Won’t you help??? — Good Birding! WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN REGlOY^—MergamerSparrow: Common Merganser: 8 Jan. (27) DR (JL) . Red-breasted Merganser: 1 8 Mar. {62) DR (JL) . Short-eared Owl: 5 Jan. (1) Shelby County Penal Farm (Lynn Agee, photographed) . Whip-poor-will: 9 AND 1 0 MAR. (1, singing) Harbert Hills Academy (Mike Patterson) . Cliff Swallow: 6 MAR. (1) DR ( JL) . Fish Crow: 21 Jan. (1 ) H (JL) . PALM WARBLER: 8 Jan. (1 ) DR (JL, photograph at 6 feet) . Tree Sparrow: 3 dates in Jan. (6) H (JL) , (15) DR (JL) , 24 Feb. (1) Horseshoe Lake, Crittenden County, Arkansas (Lula Coffey) . Locations: DR — Duck River Refuge, H — Hatchie Refuge. Observer: JL — Jerald Ledbetter. David E. Patterson, Harbert Hills Academy, Savannah 3 8372. [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 21 CENTRAL PLATEAU AND BASIN REGION— Loon-Di^ck: Common Loon: 3 Nov. (465) OHL (MLB, MPS) ; on 4 Nov. most of the birds had departed. Horned Grebe: 4 Nov. (150) OHL (DC, PC); 18 Nov. (205) WR (fide KD); 22 Dec. (150) PPL (BP, SP); WESTERN GREBE: 18 Nov. through 10 Peb. (1, first verified state record) WR (KD, ef al) . Pied-billed Grebe: 3 Nov. (48) OHL (MLB, MPS). Double-crested Cormorant: last 17 Jan. (2) OHL (BP, SP). Black-crowned Night Heron: 1 Dec. through period (1-4, adult and 3 imm.) OHL (NTOS). American Bittern: 11-13 Mar. (1) LC (LWC). GLOSSY IBIS: 6, Nov. (1) WR (KD). Whistling Swan: 9 Nov. (3) GSP (PC); 14 Nov. -8 Jan. (1) Springfield (JGH, et al); 19 Jan. -15 Mar. (1) Columbia area (Columbia TOS) ; 15 Dec. through period (up to 5 ) OHL (NTOS). Canada Goose: up to 12 5 resident birds in NA during period (NTOS) ; migrating flocks were numerous during the last half of Jan. Blocks of 100 or more were seen in Lawrence Co. (LWC), and in the Nashville area (NTOS). Snow Goose: 16 Jan. (1 plus 8 blue morphs) OHL (Willie W. Taylor); 26 Jan. (3 plus 13 blue morphs) Columbia area (Dan Gray). Black Duck: 20 Jan. (1500) OHL (MLB). Pintail: first 17 Nov. (20) OHL (MLB). American Wigeon: 8 Dec. (200) OHL (MLB, Harry Monk, JGH). Canvasback: 25 Dec. -31 Jan. (up to 15) RL (NTOS). Common Goldeneye: 10 Nov. (1, early) RL (MLB). Oldsquaw: 10 Nov. (1) GSP (DC, PC); 4-17 Jan. (2) RL (NTOS). SURF SCOTER: 6-15 Peb. (1, imm. male) RL (MLB, NTOS) . Hawks-Owl: Sharp-shinned Hawk: 4 Nov. (1) 2 Js (JR). Cooper’s Hawk: 11 Nov. (2) OHL (DC, PC); 17 Nov. (1) OHL (MLB). Golden Eagle: 1 Nov. (1 killed near Gladeville) ; 17 Nov. (1, imm.) South Harpeth Valley (KAG, MPS, MLM). Bald Eagle: 28 Dec. (1, imm.) PPL (BP, SP); 27 Jan. (1, sd) WR (GB, fide KD). Sandhill Crane: 9 Dec. (1) WR (GB, fide KD). American Coot: 3, 4 Nov. (1200) OHL (DC, PC, MPS, MLB); 6 Nov. (9000) WR (fide, KD). Killdeer: 9 Nov. (100) G (DC, PC). SOLITARY SANDPIPER: 3 Nov.-8 Jan. (1) BV (MLB): 10 Mar. (1) BV (MLB). Pectoral Sandpiper: 4-21 Nov. (1-5) G (DC, PC). WESTERN SANDPIPER: 2 5 Nov. (1) BV (MLB). Herring Gull: 3 Jan. (1) Laurel Hill Lake, LC (LWC), first county record. FRANKLIN^S GULL: 17 Nov. (18, imm.) WR (Lee Shafer family). Bonaparte’s Gull: 2 Dec. (180) PPL (BP, SP). Yellow- billed Cuckoo: 25 Nov. (1, late) OHL (BP, SP). SHORT-EARED OWE: 18 Nov. through period (up to 5) Smyrna (TOS); 23-27 Dec. (1-2) G (DC, PC), one killed on 2 5 Dec. Hti-mmingbird-Longspnr: Ruby-throated Hummingbird: 24 Nov. (1, Late) NA (Ed Schreiber). Horned Lark: 6 Jan. (200) OHL (NTOS). Purple Mar- tin: 5 Mar. (2) LC (Bessie and Emery Crowder). Long-billed Marsh Wren: 3 Nov. (1) BV (MLB). Short-billed Marsh Wren: 3 Nov. (1) BV (MLB). BLACK-AND-WHITE WARBLER: 15 Dec. (1) NA (Charles Percival). Tennessee Warbler: 3, 4 Nov. (1) OHL (BP, SP): 4 Nov. (1) BS (KAG). Orange-crowned Warbler: 10 Nov. (1) 2 Js (JR, HR). Nashville Warbler: 4 Nov. (1) 2 Js (JR, HR). Pine Warbler: 2 M.ar. (7; 5 males and 2 females) Natchez Trace Parkway (MLB, MLM, MPS); 3 Mar. (17; 16 males and 1 female) Catoosa Wildlife Manag. Area (Charles Nicholson, MDW). LOUI- SIANA WATERTHRUSH: 10 Mar. (1) BS (KAG), very early. Common Yellowthroat: 3 Nov. (1) BV (MLB). Yellow-breasted Chat: 4 Nov. (1) [VoL. 45, 1974] 22 THE MIGRANT MARCH 2 Js (JR, HR). Rose-breasted Grosbeak: 2-6 Nov. (1) NA (KAG). BLACK- | HEADED GROSBEAK: during Jan. (1) Murfreesboro (TOS). Indigo Bunt- ing: 4 Nov. (4) BS (KAG); 4 Nov. (4) 2 Js (JR, HR). Dickcissel: 24 Jan. j (1) Hendersonville (Mrs. Lloyd Richmond). EVENING GROBBEAK: 27-28 : Nov. (6) Loretto, LC (Henry and Mary Riddle); 9-13 Jan. (2) LC (LWC). j Purple Finch: 15 Feb. (200, max.) LC (LWC) ; many reports after 1 Jan. i Pine Siskin: manv reports, Ann Tarbell banded over 500 in Nashville. RED I; CROSSBILL: 3 Nov. (30), 1 Dec. (20), all BS (KAG, Mel Garland). Tree | Sparrow: several NA records, 22 Dec.- 13 Jan., largest number 4-5 Jan. (30) Fairview (Pauline Miller); 30 Dec. (8) LC (MDW). LAPLAND LONG- | SPUR: 6 Jan. (11), 7 Jan. (1), all OHL (NTOS). 1 Locations: BS — Basin Springs, BV — Buena Vista, G — ^Gallatin, GSP — Galla- f tin Steam Plant, LC — Lawrence County, NA — Nashville Area, OHL — Old jj Hickory Lake, PPL — Percy Priest Lake, RL — Radnor Lake, 2 Js — Two Jays Sanctuary, WR — ^Woods Reservoir. ji Observers: GB — ^Garry Bayne, MLB — Mike Bierly, LWC — Lloyd Clayton, i| DC — Dot Crawford, PC — Paul Crawford, KD — Ken Dubke, BF — Bill Fintel, SF — Sally Fintel, KAG — Katherine Goodpasture, JGH — James Holt, MLM — j Margaret Mann, HR — Heather Riggins, JR — -John Riggins, MPS — Pat Stallings, | TOS — members Tenn. Ornith. Soc., NTOS — members Nashville TOS, MDW — j Morris Williams. Morris D. Williams, Five Points, Tennessee 3 8457. j The following corrections should be made concerning the "Central Plateau | and Basin Region” in "The Season” of The Migrant, December 1973, Volume 44, Number 4. Virginia Rail: 7 and 9 Sept. (1, X) WSM (KAG), should read, 7 and 13 i Sept I Eastern Kingbird: 30 Aug. (40-, flock) SHV (KAG, Harry C. Monk), j should read, 7 Sept. ... ! Least Flycatcher: . . . ; 15 Sept. (1-6) BS (KAG), should read, 15 Sept. (i-b)... Olive-sided Flycatcher: . . . ; 8-9 Sept. (1-b) BS (KAG); . . . , should read, 2-9 Sept. . . . On page 100, the fourth line from the bottom should be the third line and the third line should be the fourth. EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY REGION— This past winter was mild with very heavy rainfall. No heavy accumulations of snow occurred. Rains were heavy enough to cause some local flooding and TVA filled some lakes to full pool during some of the period. Gulls were in low numbers during the period. Evening Grosbeaks were widely distributed throughout the area. Purple Finches were present in low numbers through the period and Pine Siskins were not reported until March when they became fairly common. Red Crossbills were distributed throughout the area. House Finches were reported for the third year, this time at a feeder in Maryville. A Black-headed Grosbeak visited a Knoxville feeder in January. [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 23 Other unusual birds reported were a Whistling Swan in December at Cove Lake, a late Broad-winged Hawk and a Harlan’s (Red-tailed) Hawk in the Chattanooga area, a Golden Eagle at Hiwassee River Area, and the first Knox- ville record in more than forty years of a Short-eared Owl. Loon-Bittern: Common Loon: first 4 Nov. (H, 1 calling) BE (H. W. Nunley); 2-4 throughout season BE, 1-5 regular after 11 Nov. Ch L (KLD), 25 Feb. (1) NL (DJ). Horned Grebe: first 10 Nov. (6) BE (JD, MD, SC), 11 Nov. (1) Ch L (KLD). DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT: 9 Nov. (3) HRA (WiC); 11 Nov. (11), 14 Nov. (5) HRA (KLD); 22 Nov. (3) FEE (Andy Morton, CN); 30 Nov. (7) FEE (CM). Great Blue Heron: 16 Nov. (85) HRA (KLD); 18 Feb. (30) PHL (JD, MD, SC). Great Egret: 5 Nov. (1) HRA (KLD). Black-crowned Night Heron: 16 Nov. (1) HRA (KLD). CATTLE EGRTT: 8 Mar. (1, photographed) CL (CM). American Bittern: 3 Mar. (1) AM (KLD, DJ). Swan-Merganser: WHISTLING SWAN: 12 Dec. (1, photographed) CL (GM). Canada Goose: 27 Nov. (300) CL (JMC, JCH). Snow Goose: 14-15 Jan. (1) CL (GM, CM, Paul Pardue); blue morphs, 18 Nov. (1), 27 Jan. (1) CL (JMC, JCH). Mallard: max 18 Dec. (2500) HRA (KLD). Black Duck: max 18 Dec. (2500) HRA (KLD). Green-winged Teal: 11 Nov. (20), 18 Nov. (10) Cl (JMC, JCH), 25 Feb. (2) NR (GW). Northern Shoveler: 18 Dec. (5) Ch L (KLD); 18 Feb. (7) PHL (MD, SG); 7 Mar. (1) NL (FH) . Canvasback: 18 Dec. (2); 21 Jan. (1) Ch L (KLD). Scaup: all winter- ing scaup in Chattanooga area appear to be Greater Scaup, max 4 Mar. (450) Ch L (KLD). Common Goldeneye: max 3 0 Dec. (30) Ch L (LD, FH). Buffelhead: max 21 Jan. (54) HRA (KLD). OLDSOUAW: 30 Dec. (6) Ch L (LD, FH); 5 Jan. (1) CL (Don Hammer); 16 Dec. -9 Jan. (1) WW (DJ et al) . SURF SCOTER: 2 Nov. (1 female) Laurel Lake (GM, CM); 4 Nov. (1) Laurel Lake (MDW). Common Merganser: 14 Nov. (1) HRA (KLD); 30 Nov. (2) BL (MC, SG, EO); 16 Dec. (1) NL (LS). Red-breasted Mer- ganser: 18 Nov. (6) C L (TOS); 1 Mar. (2) BL (MD, SG), eight records; 1-12 at Ch L (KLD, CH, FH). Yulture-Haivk: Turkey Vulture: 12 Feb. (125 at roost) LHS (KLD). Black Vulture: 1 Nov. (2) WCo (MD) ; 12 Feb. (75 at roost) LHS (KLD). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 10 Nov. (1) La (DyL) ; 18 Nov. (1) CL (TOS), 19 Feb. (1, found dead) Eliz (GW); 22 Feb. (1) K (CN, MDW); 1 Mar. (1) BL (MD, SG); 5 records in Chatt. area (KLD, FH). Cooper’s Hawk: 18 Nov. (1) La (DyL); 19 Feb. (1) Eliz (GW); 6 records in Chatt. area (KLD, FH). Red-shouldered Hawk: 1-2 regular Chatt. area (KLD); becoming more uncommon in Eliz area (GE) ; 27 Feb. (1) La (MD, SG). BROAD-WINGED HAWK: 23 Nov. (1) WW (DJ). Harlan’s (Red- tailed) Hawk: 20 Feb. (1, well marked individual, observed both perched and in flight) Battle Creek (Gary, Christine, Daniel Knorr). Golden Eagle: 13 Dec. (1) HRA (WiC); 18 Dec. (1 imm) HRA (KLD). Bald Eagle: 1-2 occasional HRA (KLD, WiC); 28 Nov. (1) NL (LS) ; 25 Feb. (1) NL (DJ); 1-3 occasional in early March at Norris (Mrs. Earl Olson). Marsh Hawk: 3 records from Chatt area (KLD); 11 Nov. (1) CC (JMC, JCH). Crane-Gull: Sandhill Crane: 7 Nov. (25) HRA (WiC); 17 Nov. (225) HRA (Arnold Aslinger) ; 11 Dec. (100), 2 Mar. (25) HRA (WiC). VIR- [VoL. 45, 1974] 24 THE MIGRANT MARCH GINIA RAIL: 3 Feb. (4) AIM (CN, MDW). SORA: 3 Feb. (2) AIM, (CN, MDW). Killdeer: max 11 Nov. (185) SB and HRA (KLD, FH, DJ, CN, MDW). American Golden Plover: 11 Nov. (3) HRA (KLD, FH, DJ, CN, MDW). American Woodcock: 3 Dec. (2, singing) AM (KLD); late Jan. thru period (1-5 singing) KC (MDW). Common Snipe: regular thru period, all areas, max 16 Nov. (128) SB and HRA (KLD). SPOTTED SANDPIPER: late — 3 Nov. (1) AS (GE, DL). Lesser Yellowlegs: 5 Nov. (2), 11 Nov. and 14 Nov. (1) SB and HRA (KLD). Least Sandpiper: 6-37 thru mid-Feb., HRA, SB (KLD). Dunlin: wintering numbers at HRA lower than usual, high of 200 on 16 Nov., HRA (KLD); 10 Nov. (2) AS (JD, MD, SG). Herring Gull: first report 10 Nov. (2) BL (JD, MD, SG), very few other reports. Ring- billed Gull: 3 Nov. (8) AS (GE, GW), numbers low in Knox and Chatt. areas. Bonaparte’s Gull: max 18 Dec. (103) ChL (KLD); 10 Mar. (11) NiL (DJ). Dove-Blackbird: Mourning Dove: cooing in late Jan., K (CN); 2 8 Feb. (2 fledglings) K (CN). Barn Owl: one sporadic at AM (KLD); 3 to 5 active roosts at Johnson City area thru period (PR); 12 Jan. (1 dead) Chatt. (DJ), 19 Dec. one dead, Kingsport, Fred J. Alsop. SEIORT -EARED OWL: 1 Mar. (1) K (MDW), and 3 Mar. (1) K (CN), both at Knox Island Airport. First Knox Co. record since 1933 (second county record). Barn Swallow: 11 Mar. (2) La (DL, JL). Purple Martin: first 24 Feb. (1) KC (Ned Currance, fide JBO). Red-breasted Nuthatch: very few reports, most from north part of area. Winter Wren: 17 Nov. (1, singing) PHL (GE, LRH, GW); 21 Jan. (1, sing- j ing) MP (KLD). Gray Catbird: 20 Nov. (1) HRA (KLD). Water Pipit: 1-3 0 sporadic at SB and HRA (KLD). Pine Warbler: 15 Jan. (1) Col (RW), 21 Jan. (1, singing) HRA (KLD). PALM WARBLER: 1 Dec. (1) HRA (FH), 15 Jan. (1) Col (RW). Rusty Blackbird: 18 Nov. (12) CC (JMC, JCH); 24 Nov. (2) Eliz (LRH, GW). | Grosbeak-Sparrow: BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK: 11 Jan. -15 Jan. (1 , imm. male) K (J. W. Morton, JBO). Evening Grosbeak: first, 3 Nov. (15) 1 Ringold, Ga. (Jan Hawthorne) ; few scattered reports Chatt. and Knox areas i (KLD, RW, JBO); 2 Dec. (6) JC (JW) : few reports in Eliz. area. HOUSE ! FINCH: regular from 13 Nov. thru Jan. (small flock) Maryville (C. McNiell, fide JBO). Purple Finch: present in low numbers throughout area. Pine Siskin: first 14 Nov. (8) JC (Virginia Curtiss, MD, SG, EO) ; first Chatt. area 3 Mar. (1) Col (CH). RED CROSSBILL: 5 Nov. (1) WW (DJ) ; 18 Nov. (10) CL (TOS): 6 Jan. (2) Ch L (CH) ; 12 Jan. (9) K (MDW); 12 Jan. (15) K (John Elson) ; 26 Jan. (1) Chatt (CH) ; 27 Jan. (11) CC (JMC, | JCH); 14 Feb. (26) KC (Kyle Turner, fide JBO). Vesper Sparrow: 13 Nov. (2) NL (DJ) ; 8 Feb. (1) RS (RW). Chipping Sparrow: 5 Nov. (1) and 12 Feb. (2) WW (DJ), 22 Jan. (1, singing) Col (LS). | Locations: AIM — Alcoa Marsh; AM — Amnicola Marsh; AS- — Austin Spring; j BL — Boone Lake; CC — Campbell County; Chatt. — Chattanooga; Col — ^^College- I dale; CL — Cove Lake; Eliz — Elizabethton; FLL — Fort Loudon Lake; HRA — Hiwassee River Area; JC — Johnson City; K — Knoxville; KC — Knox County; ! La — Lamar; MP — Morris Pond, Ga.; NR — ^Nolichucky River; NL — Nickajack Lake; PHL — Patrick Henry Lake; RS — Rock Springs, Ga.; SB — Savannah Bay; j WCo — Washington County; WW — Wildwood, Ga. j [VoL. 45, 1974] l! 1974 THE MIGRANT 25 Observers: JMC — James M. Campbell, WiC — Wilford Caraway, JD — Joy I Dillenbeck, M,D — Martha Dillenbeck, KLD — Ken and Lil Dubke, GE — Glen I Eller, SG — Sally Goodin, CH — Chris Hanley, LRH — Lee R. Herndon, DJ — I Daniel Jacobson, DyL — Danny Leach, DL — Dick Lura, JL — Joyce Lura, GM — Gary Muflley, CM — ^Cynthia Mufiley, CN’ — Chuck Nicholson, EO — ^Elizabeth Osborne, JBO — J. B. Owens, PR — ^Pete Range, LS — Lee Shafer, TOS — Tenn. Ornith. Soc., GW — Gary Wallace, MDW — ^Morris D. Williams, RW — Roder Woodruff. Charles P. Nicholson, 6806 Haverhill Dr., Knoxville 37919. EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION — The weather for our area could be summarized as mild temperatures with very wet conditions. The month of November had the third highest rainfall on record with 7.8 3 inches being re- corded with 3.62 being the average for the month. Likewise December con- tinued very wet with 7.91 inches being recorded (3.3 5 average). The overall year of 1973 had 12.29 inches more rain than the average with the majority of this coming during the last quarter. January and February had milder than normal temperatures and average rainfall. Already through the 15 th of March we have recorded 4.5 8 inches of rain and the average for the month is only 2.86 inches. The first real cold spell came during the second week of December, while on 16 Dec. we had our biggest snowfall for the low elevations in two years when 4J to 5 inches fell over-night. We had several encouraging reports of "birds of prey,” with both eagles being sighted and more reports of accipiters than we have had in the past two years. The "northern” species were greatly reduced in numbers this year and had seemingly less wide-spread movement. The few early returning migrants are probably due to the very mild temperatures. One noteworthy item is that thru the 15 th of March we had no reports of Purple Martins. Loon -Merganser: Common Loon: 6 Nov. (1) WilL (GE); 11 Nov. (3) Wat. L (GW). Horned Grebe: 2 Jan. (19) RC (GE, HE); 9 Mar. (2) Wat. L (GW). Great Blue Heron: 2 Feb. (2) RC (GE, HE); 9 Mar. (1) RC (LRH, GW, GE). Black Duck: 5 Jan. thru 23 Feb. (2-6) Wil. L (GW et al) . Gadwall: 29 Jan. thru 9 Mar. (1-3) Wil. L (HF et al) . Pintail: 5 Jan. thru 26 Feb. (1-4) Wil. L (GE et al). Green-winged Teal: 5 Jan. thru 2 Mar. (1) Wil. L (GE, HF et al). Redhead: 16 Nov. (2) Wil.L (SG, MD, JW) ; 2 Mar. (21) Wil. L (GE, HF, GW, LRH). Greater Scaup 5 Jan. thru 2 Feb. (1-3) Wil. L (GE, HF et al) . Common Goldeneye: 2 Feb. (15) RC (GE, HF); 23 Feb. (1) Wat. R (HF); 8 Mar. (1) Wil. L (GW). OLD SQUAW: 15 Dec. (7) Wat. L (PR); 10 Feb. (1) Wat. R (HF). Hooded Merganser: 4 Nov. (4) Wil. L (DJL) ; 20 Jan. (2) Ripshin Lake (GE, HF). Red-breasted Mer- ganser: 2 Feb. (2) RC (GE, HF) ; 9 Mar. (3) RC (GW, GE, LRH). Haivks-Raven: Sharp-shinned Hawk: 13 Nov. (2) RM (TMS) ; 9 Dec. (2) Wat. L (GW); 28 Jan. ( 1 ) SV (GE) ; 24 Feb. ( 1 ) HS (GW). Cooper’s Hawk: 18 Nov. (1) RM (SG, MD, JW, TMS); 1 Dec. (2) Iron Mtn. (SG); 26 Jan. (1) Wat. R (GW). Red-shouldered Hawk: 27 Jan. (1) HS (HF). GOLDEN EAGLE: 16 Nov. (1) SV (GW); 21 Nov. (2) Unicoi Mtn. (PR). BAED EAGEE: 29 Dec. (1) South Holston Lake (BY). Wild Turkey: 16 [VoL. 45, 1974] 26 THE MIGRANT MARCH Nov. (78) Cades Cove (J. R. Buchanan fide DD). American Woodcock: 23 Nov. (1) late Wat. R (GW); 17 Feb. (2) performing HS (GE). Bonapart’s Gull: 15 Dec. (7) Wat. L (PR). Barred Owl: 6 Jan. (1 singing) RM (TMS). SAW-WHET OWL: 9 Mar. (1 singing) GSMNP (MDW). Horned Lark: 19 Jan. (3) SV (GW); 14 Mar. (2) SV (HE, GE). Common Raven: 1-3 regular through-out period on RM (TMS, FWB) ; 9 Mar. {nest with 7 eggs) GSMNP (MDW). Wren-Warbler: SHORT-BILLED MARSH WREN: 10 Nov. (1 very i late) HC (TMS). Hermit Thrush: 2 Nov. (3) HC (TMS); 21 Dec. (1) | GSMNP (DD); 24 Dec. (1) HC (TMS); 14 Feb. (1) HS (GW). Water j Pipit: 9 Dec. (8) RC (GE, LRH). Solitary Vireo: 11 Mar. (1) very early II GSMNP (DD). Yellow-rumped Warbler: noticeable decline this season. Pine Warbler: 10 Mar. (1) GSMNP (DD); 14 Mar. (1) Wil. L (HE). Blackbird -Snow Bunting: Rusty Blackbird: 3 Dec. (1) GSMNP (DD); | 28 Jan. (10) HS (MD, SG) ; 14 Mar. (7) SV (GE, HE). Evening Grosbeak: j 18 Nov. (35 first returned) RM high elevation (GE, DJL) ; 28 Dec. (20) low j elevation (HE); 3 Jan. (12) Bristol (Rosemary Bingham). Pine Siskin: 4 | Nov. (150) RM (GE); 1 Feb. (75) GSMNP (DD); 9 Feb. (200) RM (HE, | GE). Red Crossbill: 9 Dec. (20) Wat. L (LRH, GE) ; 19 Jan. (33) Wat. L | (GW, HE, GE); 2 Feb. thru 27 Feb. (2 at feeder) HC (TMS). Savannah | Sparrow: 10 Feb. (6) SV (HE, GW). Chipping Sparrow: 2 Mar. (2) first | returned Eliz. (GE). White-crowned Sparrow: 22 Jan. thru 10 Mar. (1) Eliz. I (HE). Fox Sparrow: 21 Dec. (2) GSMNP (DD); 25 Feb. (1) GSMNP j (DD); 9 Mar. (1) RC (GW, GE, LRH). SNOW BUNTING: 13 Nov. (1) | RM (TMS). I Locations: GSMNP — Great Smoky Mtn. National Park, HC — Heaton Creek (RM), HS — Hunter Swamp (near Eliz.), RC — Roans Creek, RM — , Roan Mtn., SV — Siam Valley (near Eliz.), Wat. L — Watauga Lake, Wat. R — 1 Watauga River, Wil. L— Wilbur Lake. j Observers: FWB — Fred Behrend; DD — Don Defoe; MD — Martha Dillen- beck; GE — Glen Eller; HF — Harry Farthing; SG — Sally Goodin; LRH — Lee Herndon; DJL — Dick and Joyce Lura; PR — ^Pete Range; TMS — Tommy and Maxie Swindell; GW — Gary Wallace; JW — Jane Whitehead; MDW — ^Morris Williams; BY— Bill Yambert. Glen D. Eller, Route iff:}, Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton 37643. BACK ISSUES OF "THE MIGRANT” Copies of The Migrant are now available as described below. Prices given in- clude postage, and payments should be included with an order. Address all orders to: James T. Tanner, Route 28, Box 15 5, Knoxville, TN 37920. Volume I (1930), originally mimeographed and long out-of-print, has been re-typed and photocopied on both sides of six by nine inch pages so that it can be bound with the later volumes. The paging was not maintained but the original page numbers are indicated. Price of Volume 1: $2.00. [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 27 Volume 2 (1931). All four issues are available as photocopies (a very few of the original printing are being reserved for library orders). Price of each issue: $1.00. Volumes 3 to the present: The following numbers are available as photo- copies: Vol. 4 (1933), nos. 1 (March) and 3 (Sept.); Vol. 5 (1934), nos. 1 (March) and 2 (June); Vol. 6 (1935), no. 1 (March); Vol. 9 (1938), no. 1 (March); Vol. 10 (1939), no. 1 (March). A few of the original printing of some of the above issues are being reserved for library orders.) Price of these printed issues: $1.00. All other issues are available from the original printings. Price of each: $0.75. IN MEMORIAM Sadly, we report the death of Henry Oliver (Hot) Todd, Jr. on 27 January 1974. Mr. Todd operated a photographic studio in Murfreesboro for 41 of his 64 years. He spent endless hours in the outdoors and treasured relations with natural scientists and biologists. He had an extraordinary collection of bird egg shells, collected by himself from Canada to Florida which numbered in to the thousands. Each shell was carefully indexed and catalogued and on display. Along with his collection of shells, he had an extensive collection of photographs of birds and nests. Many of his photographs have been published by the Smithsonian Institution. Among his egg shell collection were more than 100 sets of vulture eggs. Known to his friends as the "vulture’s best friend” Todd held the scavengers in high esteem and once had one as a pet for two years. Mr. Todd also was a collector of antique furniture, coins, guns, porcelain china and a wide array of artifacts, many of them of historical value. He was a member of the Tennessee Ornithological Society and of the American Orni- thological Union. Survivors include two sons, Harvard Todd and George Todd, both of Mur- freesboro, and two grandchildren. SEEN ANY MONK PARAKEETS? Tennessee birders should be on the lookout for a newly introduced bird species that may soon be invading the state. The new species is the Monk Parakeet, originally from South America. Recently, there have been numerous reports of the Monk Parakeet in the Eastern United States. This bird may become another Starling, competing with native birds for food and nesting sites, as well as destroying valuable crops. With its spread comes widespread concern and according to Larry Richardson of the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, that Agency would like to be advised of any sighting within Tennes- see. Please contact the nongame office of the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Ellington Agricultural Center, Box 40747, Nashville, Tennessee 37204. [Vol. 45, 1974] 28 THE MIGRANT MARCH LETTER TO THE EDITOR Dear Gary: I was mildly surprised to read the comments by Bierly, Harshaw and Parrish in the March 1973, issue of The Migrant concerning their views on bird collecting. My concern is not whether those particular Western Kingbirds should or should not have been collected, but that this incident was used to support a general condemnation of collecting. I have occasionally collected birds, both in Tennes- see and Florida, and very much disagree that "... there is absolutely no need anywhere in North America north of Mexico for bird collecting because of the advance stage of ornithology in this area.” Several good reasons can be given for modern ornithologists to collect but I will site one, as an example of how good scientific study with collecting can produce information of considerable value for management and preservation of species or populations. Careful col- lecting can provide statistically significant samples of food habit information from stomach analyses, and allow for correlation of food habits with data on amounts of environmental contaminents detected in avian tissues. Much of the success by ornithologists and environmentalists in demonstrating cause and effect relationships between contaminents and declining numbers within avian populations {e.g., eagles, Ospreys, pelicans, wading birds, etc.) has been possible because of this sort of careful collecting. Surely these scientists have the greatest concern for the species they study, and are certain that their collecting has no adverse results for the species or populations of concern. Some such collecting might well be done in Tennessee for species potentially endangered by known environmental contaminents, as a means for determining present contaminent levels and to provide a base for measurement of future trends of concentrations and distribution of the pollutants. Sincerely yours, John C. Ogden, Research Biologist EIGHTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM AND FALL MEETING TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY 23-24 NOVEMBER, 1974 PARIS LANDING STATE PARK To be sure you get accommodations in the park make your reservations early. For reservations write Paris Landing State Park, Buchanan, Tennessee 3 8222 or call 901 — 642-4311. Be sure to state that you are with TOS. For further details about the meeting contact Kenneth H. Dubke, Route 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah, Tennessee 37363 or George R. Mayfield, Jr., Maury County Hospital, Columbia, Tennessee 3 8401. [VoL. 45, 1974] PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION The purpose of THE MIGRANT is the recording of observations and original information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state of Tennessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders. Articles for publication originate almost exclusively from T.O.S. members. Contributors should prepare manuscripts and submit them in a form ac- ceptable to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes are solicited but their format should be somewhat different. Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for publication are given herewith. MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and not submitted for publication elsewhere. TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive. STYLE: Recent issues of THE MIGRANT should be used as a guide in the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is needed reference should be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals available from the Ameri- can Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue N. W., Wash- ington, D. C. 20016. COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8^ x 11” paper with adequate margins, for editorial notations, and should contain only entries intended for setting in type, except the serial page number. Tabular data should be entered on separate sheets with appropriate title and column headings. Photographs intended for reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on glossy white paper in black and white (not in color). Instructions to the editors should be given on a separate sheet. Weights and measurements should be in metric units. Dating should be in “continental” form (e.g., 7 March 1968). NOMENCLATURE: Common names should be capitalized followed by binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text for both regular articles and Round Table Notes, and should conform to the A.O.U. Check-list 5th edition, 1957. Trinomial should be used only after the specimen has been measured or compared with typical specimens. BIBLIOGRAPHY: When there are more than five references in an article, they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be appropriately included in the text. SUMMARY: Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum- marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from the work performed. IDENTIFICATION: Rare or unusual species identification to be accept- able must be accompanied by verifying evidence. This should include: date, time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment, distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying observation and reference works consulted. REPRINTS: Reprints are available on request. Reprint requests should accompany article at the time of submission. Billing to authors will be through the state T.O.S. Treasurer. Books for review and articles for publication should be submitted to the editor. Seasonal reports and items should be forwarded to the appropriate departmental editor whose name and address will be found on the inside front cover. CONTENTS The 1972 Foray: Lawrence County. Fred J. Alsop, III and Morris Williams The 1973 Christmas Bird Counts. Morris D. Williams 10 Round Table Notes The Breeding of Hawaiian Geese in the South. T. W. Comer 18 Spring Migration of Broad-winged Hawks in Cumberland County. Mr. and Mrs. E. M. West 19 First Nashville Ruddy Turnstone. Michael Lee Bierly, John N. Riggins and Harry C. Monk 19 The Season. Edited by Fred J. Alsop, III 20 Western Coastal Plain Region. David E. Fatterson 20 J Central Plateau and Basin Region. Morris D. Williams 21 I Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. Charles P. Nicholson 22 1 Eastern Mountain Region. Glen D. Eller 25 i In Memoriam — Henry Oliver (Hot) Todd, Jr 27 Letter to the Editor. John C. Ogden 28 Annual Fall Meeting Notice 28 sq QU/IKTER.LY OQURNflL DvTO TENNESSEK BIRDS F ^liblisfiec] ^ THETENNESSEE ' ORNITHOLOGICAL L SOCIETY J m^r: 4 \ 1 1 •%•/§ THE MIGRANT A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1930 PuBUSHED By THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1915 A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization. EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR DR. GARY O. WALLACE Rt. 7, Box 338, Sunrise Dr., Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643 ‘THE SEASON’’ EDITOR DR. FRED J. ALSOP, III Mt. Carmel Apt. Concord Ave., Mt. Carmel, Tenn. 37642 “STATE COUNT COMPILER” MORRIS D. WILLIAMS Box 25, Five Points, Tenn. 38457 OFFICERS FOR 1973-75 PRESIDENT MRS. ARLO SMITH 3724 Oakley Ave., Memphis, Tenn. 38111 VICE-PRESIDENT, EAST TENN GLEN ELLER Rt. 3, Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643 VICE-PRESIDENT, MIDDLE TENN BILL SENTER 313 West Hill Dr., Lebanon, Tenn. 37087 VICE-PRESIDENT, WEST TENN MISS ALICE SMITH Apt. 6, 414 N. Claybrook St., Memphis, Tenn. 38104 DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE: EAST TENN BRENT ROWELL 2227 Edgemont Ave., Bristol, Tenn. 37620 MIDDLE TENN MRS. GAITHER GRAY 1510 Hatcher Lane, Columbia, Tenn. 38401 WEST TENN DON ZvIANNING 103 Stonewall Circle, McKenzie, Tenn. 38201 CURATOR JAMES T. TANNER Rt. 28, Box 155, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920 SECRETARY MRS. JAMES WALDRON 1626 Yorkshire Dr., Memphis, Tenn. 38117 TREASURER KENNETH H. DUBKE Rt. 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah, Tenn. 37363 Annual dues, $4.00; Sustaining, $7.50; Life, $100.00; Student, $3.00; Family, 5.00; Library, $4.00 (chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses). Back numbers may be had from Dr. James T. Tanner, Rt. 28, Box 155, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920. Correspond with the Treasurer for subscriptions, memberships, and changes of address. Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by Mallicote Printing Inc., 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620, U.S.A. Postage paid and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643, U.S.A. THE MIGRANT Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society, to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee. Issued in March, June, September, and December. VOL. 45 JUNE, 1974 NO. 2 FALL 1972 TELEVISION TOWER CASUALTIES IN NASHVILLE KATHERINE A. GOODPASTURE Fall bird-casualties at Nashville television towers, WSM and "WSIX, Septem- ber-October, 1972 were the lightest since 1967. WSM was covered daily 1 September through 15 November; WSIX 1 September through 31 October and on 1 and 8 November. Total casualties collected, including parts of 2 5 unidentifiable birds, numbered 5 56 of 5 8 species. WSIX yielded 199 individuals of 40 species, WSM 3 57 individuals of 49 species. This count of 5 56 stands in contrast to totals of 5,734 in 1968 (Laskey, Migrant, 40:25-27, 1969), 3,787 in 1970 (Laskey, Migrant, 42:14-15, 1971), 1,125 in 1971 (Bierly, Migrant, 44:5-6, 1973) and 349 in 1967 (Laskey, Migrant, 39:25-26, 1968. Description of the towers and the techniques for handling the casualties has been published previously (Laskey, Migrant, 31:61-65, 1960). During daily collections the pattern was to find a few birds on 2 or 3 days in succession followed by 3 to 5 days without casualty. Only 4 dates warrant comment. On 5 September 69 casualties at WSIX and 61 at WSM constituted the heaviest September kill. A weak front passed on the afternoon of the 3rd. There was low ceiling with light rain on the night of the 4th, plus ground fog and light rain on the morning of the 5th. The highest species counts were 27 Red-eyed Vireos at WSM plus 6 at WSIX followed by 14 Ovenbirds at WSIX and 4 from WSM. A strong cold front with winds 3 3-44 miles per hour passed about 22:00 on 29 September. Light rain and low ceiling continued after midnight with strong north and northwest winds. On the morning of 30 September 29 birds (11 Ovenbirds) were picked up at WSM and no birds were found at the other tower. On the morning of 1 5 October 94 casualties (6 5 WSIX; 29 WSM) were collected. Combined species counts gave 23 Yellow-rumped Warblers and 11 Palm Warblers. With two Swamp Sparrows and one Vesper collected on 14 October and the appearance of three Savannah Sparrows, one Chipping, one Field, four White-throated Sparrows and one Fox on the list for 1 5 October the "sparrows were in.” From the morning of the 13th through the afternoon of the [VoL. 45, 1974] 30 THE MIGRANT JUNE TAJLE I FALL 1972 TELEVISION TOWER CASUALITIES AT NASHVILLE Species WSM WSIX Total Dates Pied-billed Grebe Virginia Rail Mourning Dove Common Flicker Acadian Flycatcher Least Flycatcher Red-br. Nuthatch House Wren Long-b. Marsh Wren Gray Catbird Wood Thrush Swainson's Thrush Gray-chk. Thrush Veery Gol.-cr. Kinglet Ruby-cr. Kinglet Solitary Vireo Red-eyed Vireo Blk.-and-wht. Warb, Worm-e. Warbler Golden-wg. Warbler Tennessee Warbler Nashville Warbler Parula Warbler Yellow Warbler Magnolia Warbler Yellow-ru, Warbler Blk.-t, Green Warb. Cerulean Warbler Blackburnian Warb. Chest. -sided Warbler Bay-br. Warbler Palm Warbler Ovenbird No. Waterthrush Kentucky Warbler Conn. Warbler Com. Yellowthroat Orange-cr. Warbler Yel.-br. Chat Wilson's Warbler Canada Warbler American Redstart Red-wg. Blackbird Northern Oriole Cardinal Rose-br. Grosbeak Indigo Bunting Dickcissel Rufous-s. Towhee Savannah Sparrow Vesper Sparrow Chipping Sparrow Field Sparrow Wht.-thro. Sparrow Fox Sparrow Swamp Sparrow Song Sparrow Unidentified Total 3 2 5 3 0 5 10 1 oil 10 1 10 1 112 10 1 3 0 5 404 415 13 4 10 1 1 '2 5 14 3 17 13 0 15 10 1 34 11 45 7 4 11 1 2 3 10 1 90 18 108 9 0 9 2 0 2 112 13 3 16 15 14 29 13 4 17 0 2 2 257 6 4 10 707 7 10 17 29 38 67 16 7 6 10 16 Oil 7 18 10 1 5 4 9 10 1 1 2 5 1 5 6 Oil 2 1 3 oil 6 17 19 3 22 112 Oil 1 2 5 10 1 Oil oil 224 oil 2 9 11 10 1 9 16 25 357 199 Sept. 6(1) ;20(l);0ct. 14(1) Jl5(l,l) Sept. 22(2);0ct. 26(1) Oct. 18(1} Oct. 19(1) Oct. 18(1) Sept. 17(1) Oct.29(l);Nov.l3(l) 0ct.8(lT Oct.l(lj;15(2} Oct.7(2);15(l);26(l) Sept.22(l);0ct.7(l);14(l) 515(1) ;18(l) Sept.4(l};10(l);13(l)524(l) Oct. 30(1) Sept. 5(1.2) Oct.l4(l);15(l,l);17(l)5l8(8);24(l)5Nov.8(2,l);13(l) 0ct.8(lT;l6(2);18(lo) Oct. 18(1} Se^t^4(i) 55(27,6) ;6(2);9(l)523(l);24(l)50ct.l4(l);18(l); Sept.4(l}55(6,2);Oct. 2(1)514(1) Sept.5(2);0ct.l8(l) Sept5(lT Sept.5(7,9)56(l}59(4,2)5lO(l,l)5l2(2);17(l)52l(l); Sept.22(l);23(l)528(lT530(5)50ct.l4(l)5l5(2,l)50ct.l6(l) 18(62);19(i)522(i);24(i)5Nov.1(i) Sept. 9(l}50ct. 18(7)525(1) Oct. 15(1)530(1) Sept. 5(1.1) Sept. 5(3)56(1) 59(1)510(1) 516(1) 524(1) 530(2) 50ct. 1(1)1 7(1)514(3)518(1) 0ct.i5(l0.i^) 518(4)519(1,1) Sept.22(l)530(l)50ct.l(l) 514(1)515(1,2)516(1)518(9) Sept.5(2j Sept. 5(2.4.)50ct. 15(1) Sept.4(l)55(2)5l6(lT530(3}50ct.l4(l)5l5(l) 518(1) Sept.l7ri)530(l)50ct.l4(2)5l5(l) 518(2) Oct. 9(2) 5 14(1) 515(1, 10) 518(2) 522(1) Sept. 4(1) 55(4,14) ;6(IT;9(2) 516(1) 517(1) 520(2} 5 Sept.22( 3,1)523(1)524(9) 5 30(11) 50ct. 2(2) 56(1) 57(1) 5 0ct.l4(l} 515(1,1)517(1)518(4) Sept. 5(1} 530(1) 50ct. 8(1) Sept.4(2}55(4,l)59(l,lT530(l) Sept. 5(1,} Sept. 6(1} 523(1) 5 30(1) 50ct. 6(1) 514(1) 515(1) 518(2) Oct. 17(1) Sept. 5(2,^)56(1)516(1)517(1) Oct. 15(1) Sept. 5(1, 2) Sept. 4(l}55(l,l)50ct. 2(1) Oct. 29(1) Sept. 5(1)56(1,1) Oct. 15(1) Sept. 30r2)50ct. 7(1, 1)518(2) 522(1) Oct. 2(1) 514(1) 5 15(272) 518(16) Oct. 1571} 518(1) 0ct.l5(l) Oct. 15(1,2) Oct. 14(1} Oct. 15(1} Oct. 15(1) Oct.l5(l,2)5Nov.l(l) Oct. 15(1) 0ct.l4(T,l) 515(8) 518(1) Oct. 18(1} Sept . 5(1) 5 Oct . 7( 1 ) 5 12( 1) 5 14( 1 , 2 ) 5 15(1) 5 16( 3 ) 5 Oct . 18( 2 ) 5 21(i)528(i)5Nov.1(i) ^Numbers in parenthesis indicate birds collected that day. collected at WSIX, not underlined collected at WSM. Underlined numbers indicate birds [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 31 14th the wind was from the north. Early on the 15th (after midnight) the north wind was at 15-20 mph with a fairly low ceiling. The collection of 141 birds at WSM on the morning of 18 October became the heaviest toll of the season. On that morning no casualties were found at WSIX. The list of 23 species was led by 62 Tennessee Warblers, 16 Indigo Buntings and 10 Ruby-crowned Kinglets. There was light rain in the afternoon of the 17th and heavy thunder and rain early on the 18 th. Rain continued proceeding passage of the front later in the day. The bird-fall actually pro- ceeded passage of the front on this occasion. One Cardinal collected 15 October at WSIX adds a species to the casualty list that has cumulated over the years. It is recognized as a tower casualty but we will not speculate on its place in the scheme of migration. A Parula Warbler collected 26 October at WSM established a date 9 days later than the previous late date for this area. One Connecticut Warbler, one Orange-crowned Warbler, one Golden-winged Warbler and one Solitary Vireo were of interest. Highest casualty counts for the season were 108 Tennessee Warblers and 67 Ovenbirds. Sixty-two Tennessee Warblers collected 18 October are significant only to show that species still migrating in good numbers on that date. I would not attempt any explanation of why no birds fell at WSIX on the date of the high- est casualty at nearby WSM. Full details of the 1972 collection are given in Table I. We are indebted to Mrs. Amelia R. Laskey for her continued interest in the project as we also are to Mr. P. J. New of the U. S. Weather Bureau for supplying notes on the weather. We appreciate the kind assistance of staff members at both WSM and WSIX. Collection of the casualties was a cooperative effort by Frances Abernathy, Michael Bierly (coordinator for WSIX), Clara Fentress, William Finch, Kath- erine Goodpasture, Earl Henry, Louise Jackson, Pauline Miller, Anne Nichols, Marjorie Patrick, Virginia Price, Heather Riggins, John Riggins and Ann Tarbell. 3407 Hopkins Lane, Nashville 37215. BOUND VOLUMES OF "THE MIGRANT” FOR SALE These were left by Albert F. Ganier to the Tennessee Ornithological Society for sale for the financial benefit of the Society. Volumes 6 (1935) through 26 (1955) — Bound in groups of 3 volumes each with a three-year index. Bound in black with gold lettering. Price for the bound run Volumes 6-26: $84.00 Also a bound set of Volumes 6 (193 5) through 8 (1937) : $12. OP James T. Tanner, Curator T. O. S., Route 28, Box 37920. 15 5, Knoxville [VoL. 45, 1974] 32 THE MIGRANT JUNE ANNUAL AUTUMN HAWK COUNT ! THOMAS W. FINUCANE The Tennessee Ornithological Society fall hawk count for 1973 was the : second highest in the 24 years since its beginning in 195 0. The totals were 20,531 Broad-winged Hawks and 412 other hawks (in 1968 the count exceeded | 24,000). Five or more reports were received from each of the following sta- i tions: Mendota Fire Tower on Clinch Mountain, Russell County, Virginia; ! Crossville, near the residence of Gene and Adele West; Kyles Ford Fire Tower | where Route 70 crosses Clinch Mountain 44 miles west-southwest of the j Mendota Fire Tower; Fall Creek Falls State Park Fire Tower 140 miles farther | along on the same line; and Dunlap Fire Tower 5 0 miles on U. S. 127 south | of Crossville and 16 miles due south of Fall Creek Falls State Park. The Gate i City Fire Tower and the Rockwood Fire Tower are also on the 18 5-mile line | between Mendota and Fall Creek Falls. | More than 95% of the count was made in the 11 days between 16 and 26 j September, while only 77% of the 316 hours of observation fell within this j interval. The halfway point in the count came early, on 20 September. Observa- tions were made every day from 11 September to 6 October, except 14, 28, | and 29 September, when adverse weather prevailed. These days were just outside j the limits of the 95% count and probably were a controlling factor. Heavy ! clouds, fog, ajnd rain were encountered also on 23 September, the day when we | expect the migration peak. | The Mendota Fire Tower had the highest day’s count and also 64% of the | total count, after having failed to achieve either of these distinctions since j 1968 when it had 7,446 Broad-winged Hawks on 21 September and 54% of the season’s count. The individual high counts in the years between were made at two other regular stations, Fall Creek Falls and Dunlap, and two chance en- counters, 4,246 reported by Lee Shafer, eight miles east of Fall Creek Falls State Park, in 1970, and 2,072 reported by Eugene Scott on a series of ridges parallel to and north of Clinch Mountain, where we could see the north ridges bathed in sunshine while we sat on the Mendota Fire Tower under a dark cloud and saw only one hawk. The average for the last six years was 15,646 Broad-winged Hawks (while the average for Hawk Mt., Pa., was 17,786); for the eight vears before, it was 7,622, and for the first nine years it was 2,191. In the 1968-73 interval the weighted average halfway point was 22.7 September, and the periods during which 95% of the hawks were recorded varied from 8 to 19 days and began, except for 1969, when only 4,215 hawks were counted, on 15, 16, or 17 September. A new organization, the Hawk Migration Association of North America was established at the North American Hawk Migration Conference, held in Syracuse, N. Y., 19-21 April 1974. The purpose of this conference was to consider how better cooperation and exchange of information could be estab- lished among peoole interested in hawk migration, and so the new organization came into being. Michael Harwood, of Washington, Connecticut, hawkwatcher and author (The Yinv from HaivJz Mountain) is president of the new organi- zation. [VoL. A5, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 33 Besides launching the Hawk Migration Association of North America, the conference included formal presentation of papers ranging in topics from "The History of Hawk Migration Research in North America” (Chandler Robbins) to "African Soaring Birds as Seen from a Motor Glider” (Colin Pennycuick) ANNUAL AUTUMN HAWK COUNT 1975 No Day Obs Hrs Station Alt Wind Sky T Sh Co Rt Rs Bwdg MH Os Ks Others 1 9/8 CFU 4 Mend Ota FT 3018 - 5 75 - - - - 2 2 11 OF 5 Mend Ota FT 3018 - 5 75 - - 3 - 4 - - - - - - 1 3 12 5 5 Mend Ota FT 3018 E-3 2 75 - - - - 8 4 15 D 2 Rockwood FT 2040 E-4 5 65 1 5 15 CF 5 Mendota FT 3018 SE-2 4 75 1 - - - 275 1 6 15 A 4 Crossville 1860 N&SW-3 2 73 - - - - 22 - - - la 6b - - 7 15 D 5)^ Rockwood FT 2040 E-3 3 65 - - 1 - 46 - - 1 21b - - 8 15 TO 8)^ Kyles Ford FT 2401 W-NW&E 4 73 5 - 2 1 111 - 1 - - - - 3 9 16 L 2H Dunlap FT 2240 SSW-3 1 68 10 16 A 7 Crossville 1860 SE-5 - 75 - - _ - 194 - - - - - - 1 11 16 0 8>^ Kyles Ford 2401 NE-E-W 1 70 2 - 2 3 468 5 12 16 CFQU 8 Mendota FT 3018 V. 0-1 0 70 1 - 2 - 1110 - - - 2a lu (big) 13 16 HS 4 Mount Rogers 5200 - 1 72 2 1 2 - 603 - - 2Gold Eagles 14 17 A 4)^ Crossville 1860 V. 0-2 5 - - - - - 72 - - - - lb - - 15 17 S 7 Mendota FT 3018 3-4 3 70 2 4 5 - 5^3 16 18 KL 2)^ Dunlap FT 2240 N-4 5 56 - - 3 - 13 - - - - - - - 17 18 A 6)^ Crossville 1860 NE&W-3 3 65 - - - - 649 - - - - lb 8f - 18 18 S 2>^ Mendota FT 3018 - 5 75 - 1 5 - 412 2 - 2 - - - - 19 19 M 4 Fall Creek FT 2026 W-1 0 72 - - 4 - 79 - - - - - - - 20 19 A 7)^ Crossville 1860 S 0-3 0 60 - - - - 26 1 21 19 D 4 Rockwood FT 2040 E 2-4 0 65 - - 1 - 30 - - - - - - - 22 19 B 8 Holston Hinob 4150 SE-S-N 2 50 - - 1 - 99 1 - - la - - - 23 19 F 7 Gate City FT 3300 N 0-3 1 57 - - 2 - 342 - - - la - - 1 24 19 SY 7>^ Mendota FT 3018 0-4 2 67 - 2 7 - 845 - 4 2 Peregrine 25 20 LI 3 Dunlap FT 2240 N 0-3 5 70 - - 2 - 341 - - - - - - - 26 20 AE 5 Crossville 1860 WNW-2 3 75 - - - - 677 - - - - - - - 27 20 CFQS Mendota FT 3018 S 0-2 # 64 - 1 1 - 3851 - 4 - - - - - 28 21 M 5 Fall Creek FT 2026 W-2 3 75 - - 2 - 40 - - - Bald Eagle 29 21 L 1)^ Dunlap FT 2240 SSW-1 0 83 - 1 - - 2 - - - - - - - 30 21 A 5)^ Crossville 1860 S-SE&W 3 80 - - - - 442 51 21 CFS& 7)^ Mendota FT 3018 SE 0-3 5 65 - 1 - - 241 - - - - - - - 52 22 MV 5 Fell Creek FT 2026 W-2 2 75 1 1 - - 150 1 33 22 53 7 Dunlap FT 2240 sw-3 3 72 3 - 3 - 75 - - - la - If - 34 22 A 5 Crossville 1860 SW-2 4 - - - - - 12 - - - - - - - 55 22 D 4 Rockwood FT 2040 S-3 4 68 - - - _ 1 - 1 _ lb _ - _ 36 22 B 7)^ Ja ne Ba Id 5800 S 4-2 3 60 - - - - 55 - - - - - - _ 37 22 57 5)^ Holston Radar 4100 S 3 70 - - - - 121 - 2 - - - - 2 38 22 TOX 8 Kyles Ford FT 2401 S-2 3 70 11 2 7 - 762 1 4 - - - - 5 39 22 FJ Gate City FT 3300 S-W-2 2 80 - - 1 - 503 - - - la lb - 40 22 W 7* Mendota FT 3018 1100 41 23 M 5 Fall Creek 2026 W 2 75 - - - - 506 1 - - - - If _ 42 25 L U Dunlap FT 2240 NW-SW 5 80 - - - - 13 - - - - - - - 43 25 A 6 Crossville 1860 SW-NW 2 80 - - - - 414 2 - - - - 8f - 44 23 B 4 Jane Bald 5800 - 5 - - - - - 4 - - - - - - 1 45 23 T 3 Kyles Ford FT 2401 SW 2-3 5 70 1 46 25 FJNZ 7 Mendota FT 3018 S-1 3 76 1 2 1 - 512 1 2 47 24 MV 3)^ Pall Creek FT 2026 ESE-2 2 72 _ - - - 336 - - - - - _ - 48 24 A 5 Crossville 1860 SE-2 1 80 - _ - _ 108 - - - - _ - _ 49 24 CF 5 Mendota FT 3018 v.-l 1 85 _ - _ - 1537 1 50 25 A 6 Crossville 1860 SE-1 2 80 - - - - 99 - - - _ - If _ 51 25 S 6)^ Mendota FT 3018 - - - - 4 1 5 - 863 - 3 1 - - - - 52 26 M 5 Fall Creek FT 2026 E-SE 3 2 75 2 - - - 130 - - _ - 2b - _ 55 26 S 8 Mendota FT 3018 _ _ 7 2 5 _ 1457 _ 4 - _ _ _ _ 54 27 A 5)^ Crossville 1860 5 75 3b _ _ 55 30 M 2)^ Fall Creek FT 2026 SE-1 5 72 - - - - 65 1 56 30 LP Missionary Rg 1100 0 4 76 - - - - 37 57 30 A 2 Crossville 1860 _ 5 31 58 1 A 5>^ Crossville 1860 SW 0-3 4 75 - - - - 51 - - - la - 3f _ 59 2 A 4 Crossville 1860. SW 0-3 5 7 1 - - la - If _ 60 4 CF 2 Mendota FT 3018 S 0-2 2 76 10 3 1 1 17 - 1 _ _ _ _ 4 61 5 CF 1)^ Mendota FT 3018 N 2-0 5 _ 2 - _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 6 0 6 Kyles Ford FT 2401 E-SE 3 - 7 - 6 2 5 - 1 1 _ - _ 4 65 6 CFNU 5 Mendota FT 3018 SE-2 2 - 1 - 4 - 13 2 5 64 22 CF 4. Mendota FT 3018 S-1 5 - 1 - 4 3 - 2 - - la 3b - 3 TOTALS 316 62 24 82 10 20531 17 28 7 114 *estimated [VoL. 45, 1974] 34 THE MIGRANT JUNE and including papers on limits of vision, telementry tracking of migrants, rader studies, meteorology, trapping and banding, identification, the surprising in- crease in Osprey migration counts, hawk diseases, and eagle migration in the Midwest. It was planned to give everyone an opportunity to present a ten-minute account of his hawk migration project, on the evening before the first day of the formal paper program. But there were 300 people present; only 100^ had been expected. I was not able to give the T.O.S. program the treatment it deserves. The short presentations and the formal papers were taped and are being incorporated into a PROCEEDINGS. All the formal papers and many of the ten-minute accounts, especially some of those given in the early part of the session, should make the PROCEEDINGS an outstanding book in any hawkwatcher’s library. A standard report form has been printed and will be distributed to hawk- migration stations and returned with data to a central evaluation and storage place via regional editors. No plans have been announced for an annual sum- mary report, but I think that project will be taken into consideration after the work on preparation of the PROCEEDINGS has been completed. I have agreed to do the paper-work in our region, which includes West Virginia and parts of Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Caro- lina, Virginia, and Maryland. Our program will continue to operate as it has been, as long as the T.O.S. and the individuals who conduct the program want it to continue. Anyone who would like to join the HMANA or to have a copy of the PROCEED- INGS, please contact the writer. KEY TO REPORTERS A — A dele and Gene West; B — Fred Behrend; C — Charlotte Finucane; D — David and Marion Pitts; E — Helen Lewis and Margaret Lawson; F — Tom Finucane; H — Homer and Garland Osborne; I — Beth Craig; J — Joe Finucane; K — Ken Dubke; L — Lil Dubke; M — ^Mary and David Shafer; N — Marion Finucane; O — Tom Odom; P — ^Ann Gibson; Q — ^Bob Quillen and Mack Bowen; S — E. E. Scott; T — Tom Odom III; U — Mike and Barney Finucane; V — ^Debbie Shafer; W — ^Watauga Audubon Society; X — ^Eddie Clevinger; Y — Greg New- ton, Logan and Frank Kaylor; Z — Kyle Williams, Mike and Barney Finucane, | Nem and Candy Culin, Lee and Lois Herndon, Homer, Garslan, and Ellen Osborne, John and Connie Martin, Bob Quillen, Tom and Connie Green; 3 — Peter Morison, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Garrett; 3 3 — Frances and Jim Barnwell, ^ Branson Block, Gary Bayne, Tom Atherton, Beth and Graham Craig, Jane and Cecil Clark, Del Blum, Linda Collins, Lil Dubke, Gary Goggins, Ruby and Doc j Griffith, Mrs. E. L. Griggs, Frank Hixon, Jeff Husk, Daniel and Lemuel Jacob- ' son, Susie Keister, Joel Meyer, Gussie and Gene Smith, Edna Westmoreland; 37 — Charlotte Finucane and Marion, Girl Scout Troop 218, Gary Wallace and ! Benjamin. [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 35 BEAUFORT WIND SCALE 0 — less than 1 mph; 1 — 1 to 3 mph; 2 — 4 to 7 mph; 3 — 8 to 12 mph; 4 — 13 to 18 mph; 5 — 19 to 24 mph; 6 — 2 5 to 31 mph. SKY CODE 0 — no clouds; 1 — generally fair, with no long periods in shadow; 2 — partly cloudy; 3 — mostly cloudy; 4 — light overcast; 5 — heavy overcast, heavy fog, or rain. Detailed description of wind, sky, and temperature are filed with the in- dividual reports. MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL MEETING, 1974 ANNUAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS’ MEETING The Tennessee Ornithological Society held its 59th Annual Spring Meeting on 4-6 May 1974, at Pickwick Landing, Tennessee with the Memphis Chapter acting as host chapter. The meeting was called to order by the President, Mrs. Noreen Smith, with twenty-nine directors present. Minutes for the Fall meeting were approved as printed in The Migrant. Copies of the Treasurer’s Report having been distributed to the directors present, the motion was made and passed to accept the Treasurer’s Report as printed. Mr. Ken Dubke, Treasurer, was unable to attend. Mr. Henry Dinkel- spiel. Chairman of the Finance Committee, reported the Treasurer’s books in good order and the Society solvent. The Finance Committee made the following statements concerning the financial status of the Society: 1. the recurring expenses are about equal to the dues income; 2. no increase in dues at this time, and; 3. the expense for the arm patches was an initial outlay and returns would compensate for the gross outlay for payment. The Finance Committee recom- mended that it study the possibility of a larger return on the endowment investment which is now with Massachusetts Investment Trust. Dr. Gary Wallace, Editor of The Migrant asked that chapters continue to submit articles and pictures for printing. The Migrant is frequently late due to the delay in receiving the season report. Gary Wallace asked that the season reports be mailed in as soon as possible, preferably fifteen days after the previous season deadline. The number of pages in The Migrant will be increased from 24 to 28 or 32 in order to include additional reports. However, with the in- crease in printing, mailing and the additional page increase. Dr. Wallace sug- gested a possible increase in dues if no other resources are available. Mr. Morris Williams, State Count Compiler, asked that if there were any unusual sightings to include details such as time, exact location, weather, etc. The Audubon forms are acceptable for the Christmas Count as well as the forms that are usually mailed prior to the count. [VoL. 45, 1974] 36 THE MIGRANT JUNE Mr. Glen Eller, Vice President of East Tennessee urged all chapters to encourage the long standing members who have temporarily drifted away to rejoin. He stated that many of the chapters in East Tennessee had been working with the Fish and Wildlife services and would continue in its new efforts to protect wildlife and locate areas for preservation. Reverend William Senter reported activities of the Non-Game Wildlife Program and the Non-Game Endangered Species Act. The latter being just drafted by the State Congress. The state will receive about three million dollars for land acquisition and other related areas. Reverend Senter suggested that chapters could and should report to Ken Dubke, a representative of the Non- Game Wildlife Program, any species in danger of extinction, habitat necessary for breeding of uncommon species in danger of being destroyed, or any land which could be set aside in its natural state for preservation. Dr. George Mayfield, Conservation Committee Chairman, reported that Radnor Lake had been bought for approximately three million dollars. Sections of the South Fork has been made a preserve by an act of Congress. Savage Gulf has been purchased by the State, with the possibility of sections of Obed and Clear Creeks, and some undisturbed gorges near Crossville being added later. The Tennessee Valley has not cooperated with the lowering of the water at Duck River, consequently many trees are dying. It was reported that there were about sixty-five Great Blue Heron nests, with about fifty to fifty-five occupied. Reverend William Senter, Chairman of the Dixon Merritt Memorial, re- ported that the State had not decided what sections of Cedars of Lebanon State Park would be included at this time. One section of Cedar Glade has been closed to the public and only those with special permits for special study are allowed to use the area. Dr. Richard Lura, Chairman of the Committee for the Study of the Feasibil- ity of Compiling T.O.S. Records on Computer, stated in a written report that the computerization of Tennessee bird records at this time is not recommended because of the need for individuals on a statewide basis to volunteer a "tre- mendous time and effort ... to begin and perpetuate the program on a state- wide basis.” Mr. George Hervy moved that the Feasibility of Compiling T.O.S. Records on Computer be removed from consideration until some future time. The motion was seconded and passed. Mr. Miser Richmond moved that the Bequest from the Gordon Briley Estate be taken under consideration at the Fall meeting as three members of the com- mittee (Mr. John Ellis, Chairman) were unable to attend. The motion was seconded and passed. Dr. Dan Gray, Chairman of the Nominating Committee, read the slate for President Elect and Curator. Mr. Ray Jordan was nominated for President Elect and Dr. James Tanner for Curator. Mr. Glen Eller moved we accept the recommendations and Alice Smith seconded. The slate was accepted as presented. FURTHER ANNOUNCEMENTS The Spring Foray will be held in Grundy County, May 24-27, 1974 with headquarters at Manchester. [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 37 Avifauna No. 3 is in the process of being printed and it is planned at this time to place the copies available for $1.00 in museums, state parks, and book stores upon release. Chapters will be able to purchase them for resale. All chapters who have new officers and directors should send this informa- tion with the addresses and phone numbers to the State Secretary, Mrs. James E. Waldron, 1626 Yorkshire Drive, Memphis, TN 3 8117. You should also in- clude the date your chapter was formed if known. Memorial cards are now available. Send a check made out to the Tennessee Ornithological Society with the name of the person memorialized and the name and address of the person to whom the card is to be sent. This information with the check should be mailed to the State Secretary. Mrs. Noreen Smith announced the formation of three new chapters since the Fall meeting, Campbell County with 20 members. Highland Rim with 13 members and Columbia. The Fall meeting will be at Paris Landing, 22-23 November 1974. The Columbia Chapter extended an invitation to all chapters to attend the Spring Meeting 2-3 May 1975. Details will be mailed later. The Fall meeting in 1975 will be at Fall Creek Falls. The TVA has issued a new Bird Checklist in the TVA system. Any sugges- tions for additions, deletions or changes are welcomed. Reverend William Senter requested that T.O.S. submit a new, up-dated checklist to the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. Dr. Katherine Good- pasture, Reverend William Senter, Dr. James Tanner and Dr. George Mayfield will work as a committee to make the necessary changes and suggestions. The meeting of the Board of Directors was then adjourned. ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING Following the banquet at Pickwick Landing Inn the Business meeting was called to order. Mrs. Noreen Smith, President, welcomed all the members. The roll was called with 1 1 1 in attendance. Mrs. Noreen Smith presented to the members the items which had been discussed at the Board of Directors meeting. These included the Treasurer’s Report, the report from the Editor of The Migrant, the Vice-Presidents, Report of the Standing Committees, the reports of the special committees, the nomina- tion of our new President-Elect and Curator. A motion was made by Reverend Senter to accept the nominations, Mrs. Lula Coffey seconded; the motion was passed. Mrs. Sue Bell reported for the Resolutions Committee. The report is attached as part of these minutes. The speakers for the evening were Mr. and Mrs. Ben B. Coffey, Jr. They presented a very interesting, informative and entertaining slide presentation [VoL. 45, 1974] 38 THE MIGRANT JUNE i of their trip of Napal. The slide presentation included not only birds but some I very beautiful scenes of the surrounding area. i Mrs. Noreen Smith expressed appreciation to the various officers and com- | mittees for their efforts in making the meeting a success. The meeting was j adjourned. MARTHA WALDRON, Secretary | RESOLUTIONS ; The Tennessee Ornithological Society extends to its Officers and the mem- bers of the Memphis Chapter, our host for this meeting, our appreciation and thanks for their excellent planning, which has made it such a happy and pleasant ! occasion for us all. Our special thanks to Miss Alice Smith, Vice-President of West Tennessee f and general chairwoman, for this meeting and to her committee, all of whom ii have contributed so much to its success; and to Mr. and Mrs. Ben B. Coffey, ■ Jr. for sharing their extraordinary birding experience in Napal and India | with us. To the State of Tennessee we express appreciation of their interest in pre- i serving natural areas, and for their new Non-Game Wildlife Program. ' Wc wish to recognize the absence of four of our devoted and faithful 1 members, deceased since our 1973 Spring meeting: Mr. Albert Ganier, Founder; f Mrs. Amelia Laskey, Life Member (both of them from the Nashville Chapter) ; Mrs. H. O. Todd of Murfreesboro Chapter; and Mrs. Charles Lowry of the Bristol Chapter. They will be greatly missed and the fruits of their contribu- tions to our organization will live on after them. [ Respectfully submitted, Mrs. Sue M. Bell, Chairwoman, Miss Alice Gant, j Mrs. Lois Herndon. Martha Waldron has replaced David E. Patterson as the regional com- piler of the season report for the Western Coastal Plain Region. Help Martha with her work on the editorial staff of The Migrant by reporting your records on time. Our thanks to David for his work in the T.O.S. He is now f living in Maryland. [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 39 BIRD FINDING IN TENNESSEE RADNOR LAKE— BIRD HOME AND HAVEN KATHERINE A. GOODPASTURE I II Historically THE place near Nashville to look for "something good” on the bird scene has been the Radnor Lake area. Since the earliest days of the Nashville Bird Club Radnor Lake and its environs have offered always a satisfying and often an exciting place to look for birds in any season. In 1951 Olin S. Pet- tingill, Jr. in his book, A Guide to Bird Finding East of the Mississippi, recom- mends Radnor Lake as one of the good bird-finding places in the Nashville area. In the early days Bird Club groups wandered widely and freely through the woods surrounding the lake owned at that time by the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. In more recent years under other ownership restrictions on walking through the woods have prevailed so that trips to the lake were limited to walks along the public road that follows the edge of the south side of the lake. In spite of this restriction Radnor Lake remained an area of prime choice for bird- ing because of its attractiveness for both resident and transient species of land as well as water birds. During the years some 219 species have been recorded for the Radnor area and 72 of those are recognized as breeding. Because of its proximity to an ever expanding urban population the threat of residential development has come nearer and nearer over the past 3 or 4 years. During the summer of 1973 an heroic effort by many people brought together $1.3 million from the State of Tennessee, $1.7 million from the Federal Government and $513,000.00' collected as donations by the local citizenry to meet the purchase price of approximately 667 acres of wooded hills and the 80-acre lake. On 16 August 1973 Radnor Lake and adjacent watersheds were purchased by the State as a Natural Scientific Area included in the Tennessee Natural Areas System and a new chapter in the story of bird study at Radnor Lake began. [VoL. 45, 1974] 40 THE MIGRANT JUNE Management plans conforming to Natural Areas, Class II guidelines are being drawn up by the Tennessee Department of Conservation under the direc- tion of Mr. Tim McCall, Project Administrator for Natural Areas. These plans will include development of nature trails and an educational program which should make wildlife of the area a part of the lives of an increasing number of people and it is anticipated that bird study there in the future will surpass even the "old days.” Radnor Lake lies on Otter Creek Road south of the inner city of Nashville, east of Granny White Pike and west of Franklin Road. This is a 20-2 5 minute drive from downtown Nashville. Radnor Lake is easily accessible from all i points of Metropolitan Nashville-Davidson County. The lake was formed behind a dam built across Otter Creek by the L and N Railroad about 1913. The topography of the area is that of steep hills and narrow hollows so that the lake filled into several coves that offer hiding places for wintering ducks and nesting Wood Ducks. The tops of these hills represent remnant bits of ridges rising to 1000 feet and more. Very recently a limited extent of cleared land on the north side of the lake sown to fuscue introduces a habitat unnatural to the area. Motor approach to this birding area may be by several routes. An easy approach is via Hillsboro Road going south from Woodmont Boulevard 3.7 mi. to Otter Creek Road; turn left onto Otter Creek Road 2.6 mi. to the lake (6.3 mi. from Woodmont Boulevard to the dam at Radnor Lake via Hillsboro , and Otter Creek Roads). It is recommended to drive over the dam to the care- taker’s residence where limited parking space is available. One may tramp around the north side of the lake, scanning the coves, to the east end coming onto Otter Creek Road at the head of the lake. At present part of this hike is hard going through underbrush and tangles. One must pull around soggy points of coves. Once back on the road a walk of 0.8 mi. takes you back to the car. The walk around the lake may take 2 hours more or less depending on the rate s at which one does field work. From the caretaker’s residence one might elect to recross the dam on foot and to tramp on Otter Creek Road along the lake’s south edge toward the east , end of the lake. The road is a country road, well traveled but not heavily. During migrations of small land birds this walk can prove exciting. Always of interest are 2 stagnant "ponds” on the woods side of the road and a larger one at the east end. Green Herons, Prothonotary Warblers, Acadian Flycatchers, in season, Carolina Wrens and woodpeckers may be noticeable. Ducks can prob- ably be observed better from the road than from the north side of the lake. ■ There is a very limited parking space at a "wide place” in the road at the east end. This is an entrance to a private driveway and should never be blocked. Ventures into the deep wooded hollows and up the ridges south of the road are made less often. Nesting wood warblers, vireos, Wood Thrushes, Summer [ Tanagers and the like are to be found there. As previously alluded ornithologists will find Radnor Lake attractive any season of the year. During the winter ducks shuttle in and out. Eight to 12 or 1 5 species may be seen on a winters day. Forty or so Common Goldeneyes and somewhat fewer Buffleheads may be found fairly regularly. Scaups may build up to a sizeable raft and occasionally coots mav reach a count of 200-300. [VoL. 45, 19741 1974 THE MIGRANT 41 During migration Horned Grebes, 1 or 2 Old Squaws or rarely 1 or 2 White- winged Scoters may appear for a day or two. Great Horned Owls and Barred Owls hoot from the woods. Wooded coves shelter Winter Wrens and Hermit Thrushes. Fields Below the dam and cleared areas under TVA power lines may hold Field, White-throated, Song and Swamp Sparrows. Seven woodpeckers may be found including the Pileated regularly but rarely a Red-headed. In summer the lake’s edge supports a notable number of Prothonotary Warblers. Yellow-throated Warblers and Fouisiana Waterthrushes usually make themselves known. Creuleans may sing from the tall trees. The highest hills have held Scarlet Tanagers. Yellow-throated Vireos and White-breasted Nut- hatches are found fairly regularly. One of the most interesting species is the Wood Duck. At the end of one nesting season Miss Mary Wood reported a raft of 90-100 Wood Ducks — ^both young and adult. In recent years Blue Grosbeaks have been found regularly along the level stretch of road below the dam. Beyond the east end of the lake one can listen for Blue-winged Warblers and Prairies. During migration periods Radnor furnishes a good rest area for a long list of transients. I have seen literally swarms of warblers along the lake’s edge. One day it may be hundreds of Yellow-rumped Warblers. Another day it may be Palms or Tennessees. Notable flights of swallows appear over the lake in migration. Occasionally an Osprey visits for a day or two. Black Terns appear over the water in passage. A few other terns and fewer gulls have been re- corded. As already stated migrating waterfowl build up a fair species list during migration. An occasional shore bird may be spotted but muddy edges are too narrow to attract waders. The next few years will no doubt see development of marked foot-trails, a Nature Center and some marked parking space. A resident Caretaker and a Park Ranger will be on regular duty. When you are in Nashville with a couple of hours to spare slip out to Radnor Lake and spend them "birding” with the best feathered birds of the season. 3407 Hopkins Fane, Nashville 37213. Addendum: A recent directive limits parking to two areas: 1) at the care- taker’s cottage and 2) OFF the road at the small house on the left near the east-end property line. DO NOT PARK ON OTTER CREEK ROAD. [Vor. 45, 1974] 42 THE MIGRANT JUNE 1974 SPRING FIELD DAYS MORRIS D. WILLIAMS Thirteen counts during the twenty-ninth annual spring field days resulted in the compilation of a grand total of 210 species — second only to last year’s record-breaking 215 species. Undoubtedly, the higher counts in recent years is attributable to the increasing number of participants and the fact that some counts are being extended beyond the usual one-day count periods. This year’s * state-wide count period extended over 15 days from 27 April-12 May. i Among the more unusual species reported were the Red-throated Loon and the Laughing Gull. The Painted Bunting graces our spring count again after ' an absence of fourteen years. The only count appearing for the first time is Lawrence County. ' The thirteen counts are tabulated as they occur from west to east across ■ the state. INLORMATION ON THE COUNTS MEMPHIS — Shelby Forest State Park — 28 April; 07:00-11:30; sunny, 70°. Ben B. Coffey, Jr. (compiler — 672 N. Belvedere, Memphis 38107). The Brant had been present since winter and had been identified by several T. O. S. ^ members. ji REELFOOT — Reelfoot Lake, Walnut Log, Cate Landing, Tipton’s Ferry, ; and south on levee to Tenn. 79; 11-12 May. Ben B. Coffey, Jr., and Mike , Bierly (compilers — 672 N. Belvedere, Memphis 3 8107, and 3 826 Bedford Ave., | Nashville 37215), 10 observers from Memphis, 8 observers from Nashville. I PICKWICK — Pickwick Landing State Park, Shiloh Park, and nearby areas — - 4-5 May. Ben B. Coffey, Jr. (compiler — 672 N. Belvedere, Memphis 38107), i! observers were the many T. O. S. members attending the state meeting. Red- ( throated Loon seen by many observers; Laughing Gull seen by Lloyd Clayton; j 3 unidentified Empidonax flycatchers were also seen. LAWRENCE COUNTY— Five Points, Deerfield, and Laurel Hill Wildlife Management Area — 5-7 May. Two observers: Lloyd Clayton, Morris D. Wil- . liams (compiler — Five Points 3 8457). Orange-crowned Warbler by L. C. ■ COLUMBIA — 1-2 May (noon-noon); 1 May overcast, 2 May rain; 50°-75°. I' Seven observers: George R. Mayfield, Jr. (compiler — Sunnyside Drive, Columbia 38401). NASHVILLE — Portions of 2 5 -mile radius of Nashville — 27-28 April (mid- night-midnight); clear; 53°-85°; wind S, 10-15 mph. Forty-nine observers in - 10 parties and 12 yards. Mr. and Mrs. B. H. Abernathy, Frances Abernathy, j Mr. and Mrs. Acuff, Clyde Anderson (compiler — 1214 McCavock Pike, Nash- { ville 37216), Vivian Anderson, Dr. Artist, Sue Bell, Michael Bierly, Mary Ann i and Roy Broster, Mr. Burkstrom, Ruth Castles, Mrs. Cloyd, Dot and Paul Crawford, Annella Creech, Milbrey Dugger, Evelyn and John Ellis, Bill and Salley Fintel, Mrs. Foster, Clara Fentress, Ben Groce, John and Martha Herbet, Mrs. A. B. Herron, Mrs. Holt, Louise Jackson, Carol Knauth, Bob Meadows, [ [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 43 1974 SPRING FIELD DAYS Mem Reel Pick Law Colu Nash Hurf Leb Cook Knox King Bri Eli Caspian Tern — — 1 Black Tern — 1 — — — — — — — Rock Dove — — — 22 — 40 — 22 — 94 — — 15 Moui-ning Dove 4 42 45 146 27 217 56 87 125 365 30 11 71 Yellow-bid. Cuckoo 1 12 3 2 1 8 — — — 1 1 1 Black-bid . Cuckoo 1 .1 1 1 __ __ Barn Owl — — — — — 1 — 2 — 3 — — — Screech Owl — — 4 1 7 — 5 2 11 — — 4 Great Horned Owl — — — — 2 2 — 3 — 1 — 1 1 Barred Owl -- 6 1 5 2 7 ~ 8 — 4 — — 3 Chuck-will's Widow 1 7 16 6 2 1 4 26 2 Whip-poor-will — — — 14 21 30 2 1 — 5 — — 25 Common Nighthawk 1 49 — 3 2 4 4 16 — 3 5 — 1 Chimney Swift 8 41 48 52 55 354 209 83 86 329 22 16 131 Ruby-th, Hiimmingbird 8 26 9 4 1 23 4 6 4 9 1 ~ 10 Belted Kingfisher 2 4 6 5 23 5 4 1 14 1 1 11 Common Flicker 2 5 13 4 — 35 7 1 25 35 6 9 32 Pileated Woodpecker 1 9 9 6 7 31 2 5 4 14 2 2 11 Red-bel. Woodpecker 16 15 24 19 14 76 4 9 31 33 11 2 1 Red-hd. Woodpecker 20 9 16 5 2 9 6 4 8 3 — — 1 Yel.-bel. Sapsucker 1 __ -_ 4 „ 1 8 __ __ 2 Hairy Woodpecker 5 5 1 1 3 26 — 2 5 8 2 — 10 Downy Woodpecker 9 10 16 24 18 68 15 14 7 28 9 1 27 Eastern Kingbird 1 30 30 24 16 53 17 41 11 8 4 1 2 Great-cr. Flycatcher 12 32 32 17 8 40 3 6 — 10 7 — — Eastern Phoebe 4 6 12 8 3 35 13 6 18 6 2 47 Acadian Flycatcher 8 18 6 5 9 7 — — — — 3 — 4 Willow Flycatcher — — — — — — — — — — — — — Least Flycatcher — — — — — 1 — — — — — — 5 E. Wood Pewee 6 31 25 8 5 11 1 2 2 1 5 — 3 Olive-sd. Flycatcher 1 Horned Lark — 22 5 6 6 3 — — — 1 — — 2 Tree Swallow 1 10 4 — 4 45 — — — 9 — — 5 Bank Swallow 5 50 1 — 4 — — — — 5 — — 3 Rough-wgd. Swallow ~ — 27 9 14 30 — 4 — 51 9 2 60 Barn Swallow 50 100 90 154 57 208 71 133 54 194 20 11 110 Cliff Swallow 2 — 100 — — 1 — 5 4 5 — — — Purple Martin 1 33 35 5 16 55 11.6 15 29 130 32 — 8 Blue Jay 45 25 60 54 38 410 139 126 193 403 52 54 180 Common Raven — 7 Common Crow 1 32 19 45 36 128 48 57 75 214 51 13 94 Fish Crow 4 3 — Carolina Chickadee 24 40 27 31 29 168 48 49 24 176 17 12 82 Tufted Titmouse 58 20 40 51 32 195 14 26 55 136 27 11 88 Wht.-br. Nuthatch 2 4 3 — 2 13 __ — 11 3 1 — 15 Red-br. Nuthatch __ 1 6 24 House Wren — — — — — 6 2 1 6 5 7 2 14 Winter Wren — — — — — — — — — — — — 34 Bewick's Wren — — 1 5 3 9 3 1 — — — — — Carolina Wren 48 34 45 30 21 118 10 21 27 187 49 7 112 Sh.-bl, Marsh Wren 1 1 Mockingbird 3 8 25 35 41 186 121 159 50 268 14 18 51 Gray Catbird 7 3 17 24 8 36 20 3 9 18 8 2 23 Brown Thrasher 4 9 55 30 16 104 56 41 27 76 10 7 35 Robin 5 17 40 20 46 251 150 40 121 367 60 41 262 Wood Thrush 24 9 65 8 15 54 3 5 10 67 35 3 63 Hermit Thrush 4 — — — — 1 — 1 — — — — — Swainson's Thrush 10 10 7 7 8 15 — 1 — 10 14 — 1 Gray-cheeked Thrush 5 16 2 — 1 1 — — — — — — — Veery 8 5 6 " 5 4 “ — — 3 1 — 3 Eastern Bluebird 1 2 45 55 16 171 14 28 39 60 5 13 Blue-gr. Gnatcatcher 60 46 22 28 34 96 2 14 2 72 5 — 33 Gold.-cr. Kinglet — ~ 4 Ruby-cr. Kinglet 1 1 1 2 2 29 — 3 — 49 1 1 15 Water Pipit — — “ “ — — — 1 “ 9 -- — “ Cedar Waxwing 90 8 35 73 4 7 95 35 5 Loggerhead Shrike 3 7 7 22 4 28 9 14 5 3 — — 1 Starling 6 300 32 52 65 616 * 195 156 1084 77 82 509 White-eyed Vireo 30 22 30 32 17 125 6 12 10 56 6 — 36 Yellov;-thr. Vireo 8 7 15 2 4 17 — 2 — 21 5 — 6 Solitary Vireo 2 2 1 1 4 40 Red-eyed Vireo 25 24 25 22 lb 52 13 2 10 59 41 — 12 Philadelphia Vireo — 8 — — — 2 — 2 — — — — — Warbling Vireo 1 18 3 2 1 4 — — — — — — 2 Blk.-and-wh. 'Warbler — — 16 1 5 12 1 7 — 35 15 ~ 44 [VoL. 45, 1974] 44 THE MIGRANT JUNE 1974 SPRING FIELD DAYS Mem Reel Pick Law Colu Nash Murf Leb Cook Knox King Bri Eli Prothonotary Warbler 24 50 5 2 6 46 6 3 2 Swainson's Warbler 1 1 1 — — — — 3 — — — — — Worm-eat. Warbler — — 4 — 4 20 — 4 — 28 5 — 11 Golden-wng. Warbler — — 1 — — 2 — — — 6 — — — Blue-wng. Warbler — -- 2 5 7 36 2 2 — 7 — “ 3 Tennessee Warbler 18 52 44 5 14 23 5 2 1 24 7 Orange-cr. Warbler — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — Mashville V/arbler — — — — 1 7 1 3 1 37 — — — Parula Warbler 20 9 2 5 3 10 — 1 — 8 — — 53 Yellow Warbler 1 10 17 4 11 56 9 19 — 35 6 — 51 Magnolia Warbler 8 5 6 2 2 1 Cape May Warbler — 3 — — — 2 — 4 — 12 7 — 5 Bl.-th. Blue Warbler — — — — — — — 3 — 1 2 — 28 Yel.-rumped Warbler 4 11 25 9 16 573 13 46 6 194 34 1 25 Blaok-th. Green Warbler 5 1 12 3 3 12 1 1 — 21 — — 30 Cerulean Warbler 16 4 3 1 5 11 1 22 2 Blackburnian Warbler — 1 8 1 — — — 1 — 2 1 — 1 Yellow-th. Warbler 1 6 — 5 2 18 — 2 3 9 — — 9 Chestnut-sd. V/arbler 1 5 14 7 2 4 — 1 — 7 1 — 39 Bay-breasted V/arbler 2 5 24 5 — 2 — 3 — 13 11 ~ Blacknoll Warbler 1 100 10 2 5 7 1 1 18 2 Pine Warbler — — 10 1 — 3 — — 1 5 1 — 3 Prairie Warbler — — 7 16 10 65 — 20 32 39 — — 6 Palm Warbler 1 3 8 38 10 99 4 11 4 8 — 1 2 Ovenbird 2 2 14 2 1 8 " 3 10 23 “ 109 No. Waterthrush 3 1 2 1 4 2 3 1 La. Waterthrush 6 — 6 8 3 36 — 3 2 7 2 — 21 Kentucky Warbler 16 12 28 11 10 44 1 6 4 4 — — 3 Common Yellowthroat 15 30 32 55 18 105 7 38 45 91 11 — 21 Yellow-br. Chat 5 9 20 24 17 65 1 7 3 30 10 — 2 Hooded Warbler 6 2 6 1 4 7 2 2 24 8 36 Wilson's Warbler — 4 1 1 — — — — — — — — — Canada Warbler — — — — — 1 — — — 1 4 — 1 American Redstart 22 10 10 6 3 15 — 1 — •5 5 — 2 House Sparrow 8 75 35 22 25 81 * 46 40 109 14 9 95 Bobolink 1 55 30 179 1 E. Meadowlark 10 68 82 112 75 419 146 210 190 479 31 21 115 Hed-wng. Blackbird 18 450 65 87 90 387 56 234 100 358 45 9 74 Orchard Oriole 12 28 60 44 22 121 31 31 — 19 4 — 15 Northern Oriole 8 49 7 8 — 36 5 2 “ 17 4 3 4 Rusty Blackbird 6 3 16 Common Crackle 32 350 180 82 95 831 * 290 275 876 139 123 436 Brown-hd. Cowbird 75 70 70 46 32 167 45 103 77 264 26 9 100 Scarlet Tanager 7 7 15 9 6 24 2 6 3 25 6 1 19 Summer Tanager 25 18 28 4 10 63 2 11 5 30 10 — 1 Cardinal 50 90 70 98 55 492 197 183 188 415 85 38 140 Rose-br. Grosbeak 15 18 27 18 20 36 3 2 — 46 7 1 26 Blue Grosbeak 1 — 3 20 2 11 2 1 5 4 — — 1 Indigo Bunting 40 152 125 153 42 129 16 31 16 74 47 — 7 Painted Bunting 1 — Bickcissel 16 145 12 13 1 1 Evening Grosbeak — — — — — 5 — — — 38 — 20 138 Purple Pinch. — — — 1 — 17 1 — 3 18 — 2 27 Pine Siskin — — — 4 37 49 33 12 — 49 — 5 58 American Goldfinch 6 26 80 52 265 398 327 151 107 230 7 16 256 Red Crossbill 22 Rufous-sd. Towhee 12 3 48 29 21 142 67 41 15 182 14 22 127 Savannah Sparrow 7 — 6 11 — 12 — 8 13 24 — — 16 Grasshopper Sparrow 1 — 3 10 2 6 — 7 — 4 — — — Vesper Sparrow — “ — — — — 1 — — " — Lark Sparrow __ 1 Lark-eyed Junco — — — — — — — — — 2 — 5 87 Chipping Sparrow 3 5 15 17 16 68 30 16 14 30 — 22 34 Field Sparrow 1 15 5 102 37 178 60 48 57 110 55 5 58 V/hite-cr, Sparrow — -- 1 2 22 15 24 60 — 12 — 1 6 V/hite-th. Sparrow 16 22 39 19 253 40 71 85 285 4 13 88 Pox Sparrow — — — — — — 2 — — — — 1 — Lincoln's Sparrow — — 2 5 1 1 — 2 — — — — — Swamp Sparrow — 2 2 8 13 53 — 16 — 12 — — 8 Song Sparrow — 1 — — -- 3 2 7 28' 224 26 22 154 Species, Total 106 130 135 121 128 163 89 132 75 143 95 53 143 Species, Grand Total 210 *Nviraereus [VoL. 4J, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 45 1974 SPRING FIELD DAYS Mem Reel Pick Law Colu Nash Murf Leb Cook Knox King Bri Eli Common Loon 8 — 1 6 ~ — 5 Red-thrtd. Loon — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — Horned Grebe — — — — — 1 — — — — — — 7 Pied-billed Grebe — 1 — — 1 2 — — — 1 — — 1 D.-c. Cormorant “ 6 1 Great Blue Heron 17 1 1 2 __ — 2 Green Heron 2 7 7 4 5 50 3 14 — 8 4 — 15 Little Blue Heron — 24 — 5 — 1 — — — — — — — Cattle Egret — 4 — 1 5 5 — — — — 1 — — Great Egret — 14 — — 1 1 — — — — — — — Bl.-cr. Night Heron 1 _ 7 1 2 — — — Yel.-cr. Ni^t Heron — 4 — — — 2 — — — — — — 2 American Bittern — 1 — — 1 — — — — — — — 1 Canada Goose — — — — — 59 — Ill — 45 — — — Brant 1 Snow Goose 1 Mallard — 12 2 — 7 48 — 17 — 1 — 10 7 Blue-winged Teal 6 — 5 — 17 42 2 11 — — 5 — 7 American Wigeon — — 9 — — — — — — — — — 2 Wood Duck 9 55 1 9 7 24 — 4 — 11 — 16 Redhead 1 __ Ring-nk. Duck — — — — — — — — — 1 — — — Lesser Scaup — — 40 — — 28 2 — — 50 — — 2 Bufflehead 18 Ruddy Duck 2 — Hooded Merganser 1 __ Red*br, Merganser 2 2 Turkey Vulture — 4 5 56 4 61 20 55 — 6 7 — 12 Black Vulture 2 5 2 15 5 21 5 58 — — 2 — — Mississippi Kite 1 4 Cooper's Hawk 1 1 Red-tailed Hawk 1 1 2 5 2 16 1 5 1 4 — — 6 Red-shouldered Hawk 1 4 — 1 — 5 — — — — — — 1 Broad-winged Hawk 2 1 1 2 1 11 — 4 — 4 — — 11 Marsh Hawk — ~ “ — “ — 1 1 — — — — — Osprey 4 _ 1 2 4 American Kestrel 1 1 6 9 4 21 7 15 6 1 5 — 4 Ruffed Grouse 5 — 5 Bobwhite 2 5 45 62 20 96 27 58 29 95 16 — 52 Turkey 1 2 Virginia Rail 1 1 Sora — — — 1 5 5 — 1 — — — — 5 American Coot — 22 1 — 9 8 10 5 — 1 — — 2 Semipalmated Plover — 2 5 — 5 5 — — — — — — — Killdeer 5 21 10 16 10 79 25 22 5 55 13 1 26 Am. Golden Plover 2 American Woodcock — 2 1 1 4 Common Snipe 1 — 2 — 5 16 2 5 — 5 — — 16 Spotted Sandpiper — 4 5 1 6 17 — 1 — 8 4 1 5 Solitary Sandpiper 1 2 — 5 7 21 13 2 — 11 5 18 Willet _ 55 7 Greater Yellowlegs — 2 5 — 3 6 — 2 — — 6 — 2 Lesser Yellowlegs 7 — 20 1 12 17 — 4 — 4 4 — 8 Pectoral Sandpiper — 15 — — — 1 — — — — — — — Least Sandpiper — 17 — 1 22 11 5 — — 2 8 — 17 Dunlin 2 Semipal. Sandpiper — 10 — — 4 — — — — 2 2 — Western Sandpiper — — — — — 9 — — Herring Gull — — 2 — 1 Ring-billed Gull — — 4 — — 45 -- — — — — — — Laughing Gull 1 1 Bonaparte's Gull 12 Forster's Tern — — 1 — — — 1 Common Tern — — 6 11 Least Tern — 1 [VoL. 45, 1974] 46 THE MIGRANT JUNE Pauline Miller, Fanny Murphy, Ann Nichols, Marge and Oscar Patrick, Chap Percival, Virginia Price, Heather and John Riggins, William Scurlock, Mrs. Sweeney, Mrs. Alex Taylor, Lawrence Trabue, Mrs. Albert Weinstein, Mr. and Mrs. George Woodring. Unidentified on the count were two Enipidonax fly- catchers and one Buteo hawk. MURFREESBORO — 27-28 April; mostly sunny; 6 5°-78°. Twenty ob- servers covered approximately 60 miles by car. Anne Hettish (compiler — 1018 Lawndale Dr., Murfreesboro 3713 0). LEBANON — ^Wilson County — 29-30 April; clear; 70°. Ray Pope (com- piler— 211 West Forest Ave., Lebanon 37087). Swainson’s Warblers identified by William Senter by sight and call; Vesper Sparrow identified by Ray Pope, John Sellars, and William Senter. COOKEVILLE — 27 April; 06:00-17:00; fair; 60°-70°. Sixteen observers: Beulah Clark, Dr. and Mrs. J. O. Cummins, Roy Hinds, Amy Johnson, Bill Jones, O. Ray Jordan, Mr. and Mrs. T. Link, Dr. and Mrs. Sidney McGee, Mrs. J. T. Moore, Miser R. Richmond (compiler — Box 5211, Cookeville 3 8 501 ), Tim Smith, Randy Taunhouser, Thelma Tinnon. KNOXVILLE — Knox Co. — 2 8 April. Twenty-four observers: Winnifred Brown, James M. Campbell, Nancy Clark, Jim Holt, J. C. Howell, Susan Hoyle, Beth Lacy, Terry McGown, Chuck P. Nicholson, Louise Nunnally, Holly Overton, J. B. Owen (compiler — 2930 North Hills Blvd., Knoxville 37917), Powell Puckett, Polly Ryder, Mabel Sanders, Mr. and Mrs. Boyd Sharp, Johneta Smith, Louis F. Smith, Ann Stevens, James T. Tanner, Bill Williams, Irene Williams, Morris D. Williams. The Laughing Gull was identified by Howell and Holt. Unidentified were 36 scaup ducks and 1 Merganser, Mergns. KINGSPORT — 11 May; 05:00-20:30; foggy and 55° in a.m. clearing by 08:00, Max. temp. 70°. Thomas J. Bowman (compiler — 1012 Sevier Terrace, Kingsport 37660). BRISTOL — 27 April; clear; temp. mid-5 0’s to mid-70’s; Four observers in 2 parties; ten hours; seven miles on foot — 32 by car. Observers: Judy Abbott, Con and Helen Ottenfeld, Diane Wilson (compiler — 205 Robin Road, Bristol 37620). ELIZABETHTON — surrounding counties — 27 April; 48°-80°. Seventeen observers: Fred Behrend, Ed Davidson, Joy Dillenbeck, Helenhill Dove, Glen Eller (compiler — Rt. 3, Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton 37043), Harry Farthing, Sally Goodin, Lee and Lois Herndon, Dick and Joyce Lura, Danny Leach, John and Carolyn Martin, Tommy and Maxie Swindell, Gary O. Wallace. Corrections: THE MIGRANT, Vol. 45, No.l, 1974. Page 11: Ruddy Duck — switch 3 Buffalo River column to Columbia column and 1 in Columbia column to Nas'hville column. Add dash to Buffalo River column; Page 15: Delete in Nashville paragraph, "In count area count week but not seen count day: Snow Goose, Ring-necked Pheasant, White-breasted Nuthatch, Cedar Waxwing.” Add this deletion to Lebanon paragraph on page 16. [Vol. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 47 NEW SIGHTINGS FOR TENNESSEE FIRST MASKED DUCK SIGHTING IN TENNESSEE— The Masked Duck {Oxyiira dominica) is a small, cinnamon-colored duck whose normal range is northern South America and the West Indies. In spite of its tropical range, the Masked Duck has been observed in several eastern North American states, such as Massachusetts, Vermont, Wisconsin, and Louisiana (Peterson, Roger Tory. 1947. A Field Gu-ide to the Birds. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston). The sighting of this duck by my wife, Sally, and me on 11 April 1974, is the first recorded sighting in the state of Tennessee. This article covers the events surrounding the sighting, and a full description of the Masked Duck we ob- served. On 11 April 1974 the sky was partially overcast, and the wind was strong out of the southeast at 20-2 5 mph. We were at the north end of Reelfoot Lake in the refuge area, exploring the floooded fields around several drainage sloughs for shore birds, of which there were an abundance. At approximately 14:00 CDT, while walk- ing out alongside one particular flooded slough immediately adjacent to Reelfoot Lake itself, we observed a small duck with a tannish-orange breast. After a brief pe- riod of studying the duck through both 7 power binoculars and a 20 power tele- scope at a distance of about 60 yards, we realized that this was a duck neither of us had ever seen before. By referring to Robbins, C. S., B. Brunn, and H. S. Zim. 1966. A Gtiide to Field Identification Birds of North America. Golden Press, N. Y., we concluded that it could be no other than a male Masked Duck. Having made this preliminary conclusion, we slowly moved to within 3 0 yards of the bird and noted the following characteristic features: bill: dark blue-gray; front half of head: (its mask), rear border of mask not distinct (as compared with pictures in Rdbbins) ; back of head and neck: cinnamon colored; breast: tannish-orange; belly: whitish; feet: black and relatively large (ob- served when the duck was scratching itself); back: mottled black and cinna- mon; portions of white wing speculum were observed while the bird was at rest; tail: stiff and fan shaped when erected — as that of a Ruddy Duck {Oxynra jamaicansis) ; overall size: slightly smaller than that of the Blue-winged Teal {Anas discors) which were observed in the same slough. The above observations were made over a period of 1 5 minutes, occasionally with full sun at our backs, and primarily with a 20 power, wide angle Bushnell telescope. During this time, the bird was in shallow water less than two feet deep and was observed both preening and resting, but not feeding. The slough contained two small flocks of Blue-winged Teal, but at no time did we observe the Masked Duck associating with the Teal. After this initial observation period, I circled around behind the duck to flush it past Sally, so we could make more complete observations of its wing markings. The duck did not flush until I was within 10 yards of it, and even Masked Duck. Photo by Paul Crawford, 15 April rVor,. 45, 19741 48 THE MIGRANT JUNE then appeared tired, as it flew low for only 1 5 yards before settling hack down in the same slough. During the duck’s short flight, we clearly observed two large white speculums on the rear portions of its dark brown wings. We con- tinued to observe the duck for about 10 more minutes, and then left so that we would not disturb it, in the hope that it would remain in the same slough for other observers. After leaving the refuge, we notified a park ranger of the duck’s presence, and placed a call to Margaret Mann of the Nashville Chapter of the T. O. S. Through ensuing phone calls, the Masked Duck was subsequently observed by Don and Gina Manning of McKenzie, Tennessee, late in the afternoon of 11 April. Benton Basham, Mike Bierly, Margaret Mann, and Pat Stallings observed the duck on 13 April, and on 15 April, Paul and Dot Crawford of Gallatin were, as far as we know, the last observers of this duck at Reelfoot. Sally and I did return to the slough the morning of 12 April and o'bserved the duck for another 15 minutes from 8:45-9:00 CDT. At this time the duck was con- siderably more active and was observed flying over 100 yards. The duck con- tinued to regain its strength, for by 1 5 April, the Crawfords observed it flying rapidly out of sight several times. The duck was photographed by Paul Crawford using a 400 mm telephoto lens on a Mamiya/Sekor camera with high speed Ektachrome film. Close exami- nation of these pictures revealed that the indistinct border of the mask con- tained several whitish feathers. Based on this and its whitish underparts, we believe that this duck was a juvenile (1 year old), male Masked Duck, for these are the two distinctive features of the juvenile male noted by Kortright, F. H. 1967. Dticks^ Geese and Siuans of North America. The Stackpole Co., Harrisburg, Pa. The exact location of the slough is judged to be 30° 3 0’ 10” N by 89° 19’ 40” W, based on a 1969 U. S. Geological Survey Map for the Bondurant, Ky. Quadrangle (7.5 min. series), which places it about 300 feet south of the Kentucky-Tennessee state line in Obion County, Tennessee. William A. Fintel, 25 Jones Circle, Old Hickory 3713 8. SIGHT RECORD OF FERRUGINOUS HAWK IN SULLIVAN COUNTY, TENNESSEE — Between 16:45 and 17:00 on 18 April 1974 Alice Ulrich, Lois Herndon and the writer were birding on the north shore of Patrick Henry Lake, approximately a mile below Boone Dam. We were looking for waterfowl from the highway, overlooking the shallow area just below the islands in the lake, when our attention was attracted to the harrassing calls of crows almost directly overhead. Mrs. Ulrich discovered the object of their har- rassment, which was circling not more than 100 meters from our observation loation. We all saw one crow swoop toward the raptor for a near miss, after which, the crows abandoned the attack and left the raptor to its own devices. The sky was clear and we had an unobstructed view of the bird, with the sun behind us as the bird circled overhead, slowly gaining altitude and eventu- ally disappearing from view, departing in a northeasterly direction. Good views were had, of the bird, both without and with binoculars. The behavior of the [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 49 bird and season of the year, indicated that it was migrating, however, con- siderably out of its normal range. The bird was a large huteo. The entire ventral surface was quite uniformly dull white with the exception of the tips of the primaries, which were dark. While circling and gaining altitude, we were able to see enough of the dorsal surface to determine that it was predominantly brownish with the exceptions of the proximal one-third to one-half of the tail, which was whitish while the remaining distal portion was rusty or ferruginous, with no suggestion of bars or bands. There were no perceptible wrist dark patches in the wings nor was there a visible "V” formed by the legs folded against the body. According to W. Earl Godfrey, in his book Birds of Canada (1966) p. 94, under the heading Rough-legged Hawk {Buteo lagopns) who states ". . . Light phase (usually commoner) birds have a large dark wrist mark on the under side of the wing, white base to the tail, and (in immatures and most adult females) a conspicuous dark patch on the belly.” Bent — Life Histories of North American Birds of Prey — Part /, p. 16 5, under the heading Krider’s Hawk {Buteo ]amaicensk kriderii) states . . The adult is much like the eastern Red- tailed Hawk, but lighter colored; there is much white on the upper parts, the tail is pale rufous, and the underparts are nearly pure white, with very few markings and with only a pale buffy tmge to the thighs. ...” Robbins, C. S., B. Bruun and H. S. Zim in Birds of North America (1966) p. 70, under the heading Ferruginous Hawk {Buteo regalis) states . . Note V of dark legs against belly of light phase (this contrast is lacking in im- matures) .” This observation was made about 40 miles (airline) in a southwesterly direc- tion from the point where Glen Eller and the writer observed a bird of this species, in almost identical plumage on 14 January 1973, in Washington County, Virginia and published in The Raven, 44:70-73. Considering the conditions under which this bird was observed, as well as size, shape and behavior and by comparing features of other raptors which have similar characteristics we feel sure that the bird we observed was a first year Ferruginous Hawk. Lee R. Herndon, 673 Golf Course Drive, Elizabethton 37643. EDlTOR^S NOTE: Documentation is detailed and complete. However, based on the criteria established by Alsop {The Migrant, 43:57-64) the Fer- ruginous Hawk should be considered as a hypothetical species. BAND-TAILED PIGEON SIGHTING, NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE— On 9 April 1974 a Band-tailed Pigeon {Columba fasciata) was observed in the back yard of our home on Old Hickory Lake. Initially, at about 16:30 CDT, I observed a large gray bird glide across an opening in our backyard, and without the aid of binoculars, I thought it was probably a Rock Dove {Columba livia) . However, its large size and glide on level wings aroused my curiosity. Upon closer observation with 7 x 50 binoculars at a distance of approximately 100 feet, I realized this bird was not a Rock Dove because it was iridescent on the back of its neck versus the front, as in a Rock Dove, and it had a white collar [VoL. 45, 1974] 50 THE MIGRANT JUNE across the back of its neck above the iridescent area. By referring to Robbins (1966), I realized this bird most probably was a Band- tailed Pigeon. Sub- sequent verifying observations were then made by both my wife, Sally, and me using a 20 power Bushnell wide angle telescope. The bird was observed for 30 minutes with full sun at our backs at a distance of approximately 80 feet, and the following characteristics were noted: bill: orange-yellow with black tip; head: gray with white collar at back of neck; eye: yellow with red border; back of neck: iridescent patch of green-silver-gray below the white collar; wings: dark gray; rump: uniformly and completely gray (versus white in the Rock Dove) ; tail: also gray; dark band between gray rump and tail shown in Robbins (1966) was not present on this bird; breast: light gray; underparts behind feet: very light gray; feet: orange-yellow. Based on these characteristics, the bird was positively identified as a Band- tailed Pigeon using the field guide by Robbins (1966) as a reference. During the observation period, the bird moved among the upper branches of a large Chinquapin Oak (Petrides, 195 8 and Collingwood, 195 5 ), feeding on the hanging clusters of staminate flowers. The tree is located on a wooded bluff overlooking Old Hickory Lake. Our neighbor, Mrs. Robert (Rita) Riggs, who is not an experienced birder, also observed the bird through the telescope and noted the more obvious features of the black tipped orange-yellow bill and the white collar on the back of the neck. In noting two key characteristics of the Rock Dove to be wings clapping on take-off, and gliding with raised wings, we were alert to observe our bird when it left. At take-off, I was able to see and hear that the bird’s wings did not collide, rather they stroked about 45 degrees up and down from a horizontal plane. Its flight was very fast, and the bird disappeared out of sight across Old Hickory Lake headed toward Hendersonville, Tennessee. This is the only Tennessee record we know of for a Band-tailed Pigeon based on an article entitled "A Preliminary List of Tennessee Birds” by Fred J. Alsop, III (Alsop, 1972). Mike L. Bierly of Nashville reported to us that a Band-tailed Pigeon was observed in Alabama during October 1971 {American Birds, 1972), and that Louisiana has had five records of a Band-tailed Pigeon {American Birds, 1973). In his field guide, Robbins (1966) states that the Band-tailed Pigeon’s normal range is the western oak and pine wood forests, and indicates that in the more northern parts of his range, the bird is migratory, arriving by about the first of May. We have also referred to descriptions and pictures of the Band-tailed Pigeon in four additional references (Bent, 1963; Kimble, 1973; Pearson, 1936; Wetmore, 1965) to confirm that the bird we sighted was indeed a Band-tailed Pigeon. REFERENCES ALSOP, FRED J., III. 1972. A Preliminary List of Tennessee Birds. The Migrant, 43:3. AMERICAN BIRDS. 1972. 26:76. AMERICAN BIRDS. 1973. 27:628. BENT, ARTHUR c. 1963. Life Histories of North American Gallmaceons Birds. Dover Books, New York. P. 3 5 3-362. fVoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 51 COLLINGWOOD, G. H. AND w. D. BRUSH. 195 5. Kiioivittg Y ow Trccs. The Ameri- can Forestry Association, Washington, D. C. P. 224-22 5. PEARSON, T. GILBERT. 1936. Bh'ds of America. Part II. Garden City Books. Garden City, New York. P. 39-39. PETRIDES, G. A. 195 8. A Field Guide to Trees and Shrubs. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. P. 300. RAND, AUSTIN L. 1956. American Water and Game Birds. Dutton and Co., New York. ROBBINS, c. s., B. BRUUN, AND H. s. ziM. 1966. A Guide to Field Identification Birds of North America. Golden Press, New York. P. 154. WETMORE, ALEXANDER. 1965. Water, Frey, and Game Birds of North America. National Geographic Society. Washington, D. C. P. 418-419. William A. Fintel, 2 5 Jones Circle, Old Hickory 3713 8. EDITOR’S NOTE: The Band- tailed Pigeon should be placed on the hypo- thetical state list since there is some doubt about the wildness of this bird. There is a good possibility that it is an escaped bird. In addition to other records given in the article Clell T. Peterson reported a Band-tailed Pigeon in Eddy- ville, Ky. (The Kentucky Warbler, 50(1):18-19) on 30 November 1973. RECORDS OF ALBERT F. GANIER PRESERVED IN THE ARCHIVES Albert F. Ganier worked for many years in obtaining and organizing in- formation on the birds of Tennessee. His notes and records are now saved in the Special Collection of the Library of the University of Tennessee at Knoxville where they will be protected and made available for use. They fill seven note- books and two boxes of file cards. About a third of the material is on the birds of the Nashville area, and this includes records made by George R. Mayfield, Sr., Vernon Sharp, and Harry C. Monk. Two other areas which he explored repeatedly between 1918 and 193 5 were Reelf oot Lake and The Great Smoky Mountains. His notebook on the Smokies contains diaries of his trips there, records of birds seen, and the reports of several other individuals which he had preserved. Lists of birds of eleven other localities are included, prepared by Mr. Ganier and others; the earliest of these was a list from Lookout Mountain made in 18 82, and the most extensive is a summary of the nesting records from the Getty’s egg collection made around Athens, Tennessee, between 1897 and 1909. One notebook contains bibliographical and historical material on the ornithology of Tennessee compiled by Albert Ganier and Harry C. Monk. Notes on the mammals of Tennessee are included. This material joins the records of Alfred Clebsc'h previously deposited in the special collection and is a very important addition to the archives of the ornithology of Tennessee, as any one familiar with Albert Ganier will understand. [VoL. 45, 1974] 52 THE MIGRANT JUNE ROUND TABLE NOTES SANDHILL CRANE — At approximately 7:3 0 (CST) on 3 0 December 1972, Milbrey Dugger and I were participating in the annual Audubon Christ- | mas Count. Our area begins at the Berry Chapel Road bridge over the Harpeth ! River approximately 1.4 miles west of Hillsboro Road. About .3 mile past j the bridge we were walking through a cornfield where corn recently had been | picked by a mechanical picker that had left grain on the ground. The bird l| raised its head when I was approximately 7 5 feet away. Through 7x35 binocu- !j lars we noted what appeared to be a completely gray bird. The bird took flight [ into a strong wind. When airborne it turned and flew with the wind — neck j fully extended and legs trailing. We observed the Sandhill Crane (Grus ca- E nadensis) for approximately four minutes from sighting until it had flown out || of sight. I Annella Creech, 1 500 Woodmont Blvd., Nashville 3721 5. ji MARBLED GODWIT IN WEST TENNESSEE— As I was walking on the || island at Pace Point, Big Sandy Unit of the Tennessee National Wildlife Refuge, |, Henry Co., on 26 August 1972, a large all brown bird with a long bill and long legs suddenly glided over the island ahead of me. It made a graceful circle |' at the end of the island and landed at its point, out of my sight. I carefully |: worked around on the north side of the island, protected from view by a row i; of black willows (Salix nigra) until they terminated at the end of the island, j: Here at 100 feet I could see standing in the edge of the water a Marbled Godwit * {Limosa fedoa) . , i; Standing, the Marbled Godwit was observed to have a long, slightly up- | turned bill being dark the terminal half and dull orangeish the basal half; dark j legs; and brown body with some white edged feathers. The bird fed and slept some while I observed it from 12:00-12:30 as close as 75 feet. I j After I left it and was at the mid-point of the island, the godwit took off j giving loud calls something like "god-o-whit” as it flew small circles over the water near the island’s end. It then returned to its original resting place. I then sat down to wait for any Caspians Terns (Hydroprogne caspia) to appear (to make my fifth species of tern for the day) and could see the godwit appear occasionally from around the corner of the island. The bird was finally left at 13:00, and Don and Gina Manning were called. They observed the Marbled Godwit at 16:00 and flushed it. They did not see it land again and it was not present the next day according to their observations. Photographs were taken and shown to several people, but due to the quality of them the bird could not be positively identified. The day was sunny with temperatures in the low 80’s. This is the third known record for the state, the third geographical region of the state in which it has been observed and the third consecutive fall that the species has been found in the state. Michael Lee Bierly, 3 826 Bedford Avenue, Nashville 3721 5. [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 53 RED-BELLIED WOODPECKER TRAPPED BY MUSHROOM— In late June of 1972, a pair of Red-bellied woodpeckers, Centurns carolimis, dug a nest cavity in a dead maple stump in Five Points, Lawrence County, Tennessee. The cavity entrance was only five feet from the ground. On 2 July, I found an adult incubating in the cavity. I was unable to frighten the bird from the nest in order to check the contents. During the following week, I made daily inspec- tions of the nest at different times of the day. I always found an incubating bird on the nest. No amount of pounding on the stump would cause the bird to leave the cavity. On 9 July when I looked in upon the incubating bird, I noticed a small white spherical mushroom about ^-Itich in diameter growing inside the cavity; it was on the top back side directly opposite the entrance. The mushroom appeared harmless and I did not disturb it. On 12 July I found the mushroom growing out of, and completely blocking, the cavity entrance. The part growing on the outside was about four inches in diameter. There was nothing to indicate that a nest cavity was located beneath the mushroom. One of the woodpeckers was calling from some nearby trees. There were several holes punctured in the mushroom which this bird had apparently pecked. I cut the mushroom out of the cavity. The other bird was sitting on the nest. Its head was leaning against the side of the cavity and its beak was gaped widely open. It was very warm inside the cavity. There were punctures on the part of the mushroom inside the cavity where the trapped bird had been pecking. After a few minutes the incubating bird left the nest. The birds were not found in or around the cavity again. The abandoned nest held four eggs. Morris D. Williams, Five Points 3 8457. NESTING BANK SWALLOWS IN KNOX COUNTY— A colony of nest- ing Bank Swallows {Riparia riparia) was examined on 20 May 1973, at Mascot in eastern Knox County, Tennessee. The existence of the colony had been re- ported to me a few days previously by Mr. Joseph Thornton and Mr. James Polhemus both of whom work at the zinc plant in Mascot. On part of the plant’s property are piles of tailings from the separation of zinc ore; the material consists of finely ground dolomite limestone with the consistency of fine sand. The colony was located in a bank of this material about 7 feet high and 70 feet long. All the nesting holes were in the top of the bank where its face was almost vertical. I counted 8 5 holes in good condition, but I am not sure that all were occupied. Judging from the swallow’s behavior, I believe that some were incubating and others were bringing food to young. Mr. Polhemus said that the colony had been in existence for several years at approximately the same location, and that recently another colony had been established in a similar situation at the zinc plant near New Market, about 1 5 miles distant. This appears to be the first record of nesting Bank Swallows in this part of Tennessee. Other records have been made from Washington County in the northeastern corner {Migrant 41:68, 1970), from Lake County in the north- western corner {Migrant 43:48, 1972), and from the Memphis area in the southwestern corner {Migrant 25:52, 1954). James T. Tanner, Department of Zoology, University of Tennessee, Knox- ville 37916. [VoL. 45, 1974] 54 THE MIGRANT JUNE I DARK-HEADED JUNCOS IN RUTHERFORD AND WILSON COUNTIES — ^During the months of January and March of 1973 I had oc- casion to make some interesting observations of dark-headed, brown-flanked juncos in Rutherford and Wilson counties in middle Tennessee. As there have been reports emanating within the state of sightings of Oregon Juncos {ftmco \ oreganus) during this period (and in previous years) I feel some comments |l on the present sightings and the others are in order. | i The morning of 7 January 1973 began in Rutherford County with six ! inches of fresh snow on the ground and more falling. A short, but on this 1 day lengthy, trip was made from the writers residence to the home of H. O. | Todd, Jr. on Lascassas Road outside the city. There appeared, while we were I observing birds coming to the feeding shelf, a junco unlike any Todd or I had ; seen before. Todd and I are both familiar with the Northern Slate-colored Junco (/. hyemalh hyemalis) and I have had considerable contact with the |' breeding Junco of our eastern Appalachians, the Carolina Slate-colored Junco (/. hyemalis carolinenis) . The coloration of the bird in question, when com- f pared with several other juncos present, tentatively led us to believe it to be ji an Oregon Junco. Todd, my wife Nancy, Bob Lassiter, and I observed this li bird for approximately twenty minutes on the above date, sometimes as close j as three feet. Todd continued to see the bird around his place for over a week, during which time others in the immediate vicinity also reported unusual f dark-headed juncos at their feeders. It appears these birds departed when the ; weather warmed. On 18 March 1973, while birding at the Boxwell Boy Scout i Reservation in northwest Wilson County, my wife and I observed a junco identical to the one we had seen at Todd’s over two months before. The night ; before this second sighting occurred the temperatures had dropped into the twenties and there was passage of a major cold front and storm that had moved ( through from the west-northwest. i Both of the sightings described above involved dark-headed, brown-flanked i juncos that might have been referred to in the field as Oregon Juncos with | little difficulty. However, after some deliberation, I am reluctant to so iden- ■ tify these birds due to the similarity of the subspecies of Oregon Junco which might occur in our area, /. oregamis monfamis, and the subspecies of the Slate-colored Junco, /. hyemalis cismonfanus (Cassiar Slate-colored Junco) , which is known to occur in the Mississippi Valley during the winter months (see Bent Life Histories of North American Cardinals, Grosbeaks, Buiftings, Towhees, Finches, Sparrows and Allies Part Two, pp. 1021-1136 and, in particular, pp. 1049-1050 regarding cismontanns; and The A.O.U. Check-list of North American Birds, pp. 607-609). In future reporting of field sightings of dark-headed, pinkish to (brown flanked juncos, observers need to be fully aware that it is usually impossible to accurately separate /. oregamis and /. hyemalis cismontanns (and the hybrids which so often occur in this genus) unless they are in-hand. As Mengel so aptly points out {The Birds of Ken- these reported sightings do little more than evidence the presence of western tucky, pp. 493-496 for an excellent discussion on the juncos in Kentucky), birds. Efforts should be made to collect some of these birds so that correct placement can be determined. Jon E. DeVore, Apt. A-5, 1510 Huntington Dr., Murfreesboro 37130. Accepted for publication 2 April 1973. [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 55 ADDITIONAL COMMENT ON THE GENUS JUNCO— With the re- lease of the thirty-second supplement to the A.O.U. Check-list of North American Birds (See The Auk, 90:411-418) taxonomists have indirectly, presented the Tennessee ornithologist with the same note of caution regarding sightings of hirds of the genus Junco which I attempted to point out in my note entitled "Dark-headed Juncos in Rutherford and Wilson Counties”. The more important (that is, relevant to Tennessee) taxonomic changes contained in the supplement regarding the genus may be summarized as follows: (1) the Oregon Junco (formerly Junco oreganus) is reduced to subspecific status within the enlarged species designation hyemalis, the revised latin name be- coming /. hyemalis oreganus. The name Oregon Junco is retained as the common name for reference to this particular subspecies. (2) the common name of /. hyemalis (formerly Slate-colored Junco) is changed to Dark-eyed Junco. The latin and common names of subspecies formerly (and still) in- cluded within this species designation (i.e. /. hyemalis caroUnenis Carolina Slate-colored Junco, /. hyemalis cismontanus Cassiar Slate-colored Junco and /. hyemalis hyemalis Northern Slate-colored Junco) remain unchanged. As one may well imagine, there will have to be a gradual resolution of the con- fusion brought about as a result of these name shifts. The above mentioned taxonomic changes may seem to be a matter of little concern to the field observer. However, the exact opposite is probably nearer the truth. The evidence on which the changes are based indicates that, even though there may be varying degrees of separation in the breeding ranges and even in certain physical characteristics, there is sufficient morphological similarity to warrant inclusion within one large species. I must therefore again state that until adequate specimens are secured within the state (especially during the winter months when several subspecies may be present) we can do no more than apply the very general name Dark-eyed Junco to all birds sighted. To attempt subspecific identification without birds in-hand is a fruitless and incorrect effort. Jon E. DeVore, Apt. A- 5, 1510 Huntington Dr., Murfreesboro 37130. Corrections: Round Table Note "Nesting of Tree Swallows in Cumberland County” (West, The Migrant, 44:95, 1973) should begin as follows: On 30 April 1972 .. . Table 1 (Pitts, The Migrant, 44:90, 1973) reads No Nests for the Great Blue Heron, Great Egret and Little Blue Heron. It should read No. Nests for all three species. [VoL. 45, 1974] 56 THE MIGRANT JUNE BOOK REVIEW BIRD MIGRATIONS, ECOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FAC- TORS. Edited by B. E. Bykhovskii. John Wiley and Sons. New York, 1973: 298 pp., numerous figures and tables. Translated from Russian by E. D. Gordan. $31.50. This is a very technical, hardback book. The principal effort of this work is the clarification of the patterns governing the seasonal distribution of various species of birds. It is a compilation of migration data collected in a massive trapping and banding program operated along the Baltic Sea in 1957-1967. From the program, information was obtained on the subsequent location of 11,283 birds out of the 403,965 banded, belonging to 142 species. Recoveries of banded birds are marked on 42 maps, showing the direction and length of distance covered in flight. Also, an analysis was made of data on banding and on birds caught, with elucidation of intrapopulation and interpopulation dis- similarities in migratory distribution, in both time and space. Features of the development of certain components of the autumn migratory state in nature, such as the development of migratory diurnal rhythms and the correlation between the intensity of migratory and feeding behavior were studied in several of the more common species of that area. The adaptive significance and possible path of evolution of these components are discussed. The migration of three species of swallows — House Martins, Barn Swallows, and Bank Swallows — is covered in much detail. Energy metabolism during flight of certain Passerine species is also dis- cussed. The main handicap of this book is its cost. Yet, Bird Migration will be a valuable reference work for any serious student of birds. Gary O. Wallace The spring migration season report was not available for the June issue of The Migrant. It will be placed in a later issue of The Migrant when it becomes available. ! [Voi.. 45, 1974] PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION The purpose of THE MIGRANT is the recording of observations and original information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state of Tennessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders. Articles for publication originate almost exclusively from T.O.S. members. Contributors should prepare manuscripts and submit them in a form ac- ceptable to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes are solicited but their format should be somewhat different. Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for publication are given herewith. MATERIAL; The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and not submitted for publication elsewhere. TITLE; The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive. STYLE; Recent issues of THE MIGRANT should be used as a guide in the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is needed reference should be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals available from the Ameri- can Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue N. W., Wash- ington, D. C. 20016. COPY; Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8i x 11” paper with adequate margins, for editorial notations, and should contain only entries intended for setting in type, except the serial page number. Tabular data should be entered on separate sheets with appropriate title and column headings. Photographs intended for reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on glossy white paper in black and white (not in color). Instructions to the editors should be given on a separate sheet. Weights and measurements should be in metric units. Dating should be in "continental” form (e.g., 7 March 1968). NOMENCLATURE; Common names should be capitalized followed by binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text for both regular articles and Round Table Notes, and should conform to the A.O.U. Check-list 5th edition, 1957. Trinomial should be used only after the specimen has been measured or compared with typical specimens. BIBLIOGRAPHY; When there are more than five references in an article, they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be appropriately included in the text. SUMMARY; Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum- marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from the work performed. IDENTIFICATION; Rare or unusual species identification to be accept- able must be accompanied by verifying evidence. This should include; date, time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment, distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying observation and reference works consulted. REPRINTS; Reprints are available on request. Reprint requests should accompany article at the time of submission. Billing to authors will be through the state T.O.S. Treasurer. Books for review and articles for publication should be submitted to the editor. Seasonal reports and items should be forwarded to the appropriate departmental editor whose name and address will be found on the inside front cover. CONTENTS Fall 1972 Television Tower Casualties in Nashville Katherine A. Goodpasture 29] Annual Autumn Hawk Count. Thomas W. Finucane 32j Minutes of the Annual Meeting, 1974. Martha Waldron 3^ Bird Finding in Tennessee. Katherine A. Goodpasture 39J 1974 Spring Field Days. Morris D. Williams 42I New Sightings for Tennessee First Masked Duck Sighting in Tennessee. William A. Fintel 47] Sight Record of Ferruginous Hawk in Sullivan County, Tennessee. Lee R, Herndon 48] Band-tailed Pigeon Sighting, Nashville, Tennessee. William A. Fintel 49| Round Table Notes Sandhill Crane. Annella Creech 52; Marbled Godwit in West Tennessee. Michael Lee Bierly 52 Red-bellied Woodpecker Trapped by Mushroom. Morris D, Williams .... 53 Nesting Bank Swallows in Knox County. James T. Tanner 53 Dark-headed Juncos in Rutherford and Wilson Coimties. Jon E, DeYore 54 | Additional Comment on the Genus Junco. Jon E, DeYore 55 Book Review: Bird Migrations, Ecological and Physiological Factors. Gary O. Wallace S6 Illustrations by Fred J. Akop, 111 IP ^tlisticd b^ TH F TF N IM r CC p p ORNITHOLOGICAL mmi^mwi&M& :•■ \rV‘-?’.'4»^\.»'J » i; * **vJ.%\ • *•••"•*'.. : * ^* * :rv;’ V*vV*V:U» * -lim EPT. 1974 OL. 45, NO. 3 THE MIGRANT A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1930 Published By THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1915 A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization. EDITORIAL STAFF ! EDITOR DR. GARY O. WALLACE ! Rt. 7, Box 338, Sunrise Dr., Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643 ‘THE SEASON’’ EDITOR DR. FRED J. ALSOP, m Mt. Carmel Apt. #5, Concord Ave., Mt. Carmel, Tenn. 37642 "STATE COUNT COMPILER” MORRIS D. WILLIAMS : Box 25, Five Points, Tenn. 38457 OFFICERS FOR 1973-75 : PRESIDENT MRS. ARLO SMITH I 3724 Oakley Ave., Memphis, Tenn. 38111 j VICE-PRESIDENT, EAST TENN GLEN ELLER ; Rt. 3, Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643 t VICE-PRESIDENT, MIDDLE TENN BILL SENTER 1 313 West Hill Dr., Lebanon, Tenn. 37087 VICE-PRESIDENT, WEST TENN MISS ALICE SMITH Apt. 6, 414 N. Claybrook St., Memphis, Tenn. 38104 DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE: EAST TENN BRENT ROWELL 2227 Edgemont Ave., Bristol, Tenn. 37620 MIDDLE TENN MRS. GAITHER GRAY 1510 Hatcher Lane, Columbia, Tenn. 38401 WEST TENN DON MANNING 103 Stonewall Circle, McKenzie, Tenn. 38201 CURATOR JAMES T. TANNER Rt. 28, Box 155, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920 SECRETARY MRS. JAMES WALDRON 1626 Yorkshire Dr., Memphis, Tenn. 38117 TREASURER KENNETH H. DUBKE Rt. 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah, Tenn. 37363 Annual dues, $4.00; Sustaining, $7.50; Life, $100.00; Student, $3.00; Family, 5.00; Library, $4.00 (chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses). Back numbers may be’ had from Dr. James T. Tanner, Rt. 28, Box 15 5, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920. Correspond with the Treasurer for subscriptions, memberships, and changes of address. Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by Mallicote Printing Inc., 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620, U.S.A. Postage paid and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643, U.S.A. THE MIGRANT Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society, to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee. Issued in March, June, September, and December. VOL. 45 SEPTEMBER 1974 NO. 3 FALL 1973 TELEVISION TOWER CASUALTIES IN NASHVILLE KATHERINE A. GOODPASTURE The 1973 television tower casualty list of 16 5 birds from WSM and WSIX, Nashville, Tennessee is the shortest since systematic collections during September and October have been kept. In 1967, 349 casualties were collected (Laskey, Migrant, 39:2 5-26, 1968); there were 411 in 1961 (Laskey, Migrant, 3 3:7-8, 1962). The maximum collection was 5,734 in 1968 (Laskey, Migrant, 40:25-27, 1969. In 1973 search for casualties was made early each morning at both WSM and WSIX towers 1 September through 3 1 October with the exception of three days (29 Sept., 20 and 26 Oct.) at WSIX. Two birds from WSM were added 6 November. Table I presents a complete record of collected casualties by species, date and tower. The total from WSIX was 109 of 3 5 species. Casualties at WSM numbered only 56 of 22 species. Combined species total stands at 42. The weather for September and October was "even tempered” with mild fronts moving with minimum disturbance. Mr. Paul New kindly gave me the following notes from the U. S. Weather Bureau. Only two movements could be described as passing fronts. A cold front passed through Nashville at 18:00 on 17 September with a north wind at 2 5-30 mph accompanied by low clouds and light rain followed by clearing about 2:00 on 18 September. Four casualties were picked up on the morning of 1 8 September. On 16 October a dry cold front passed at 7:00 with north wind at 1 5 mph and gusts up to 20 mph with clearing at 13:00. There was one casualty on 16 October and two on 17 Oc- tober. A total of 40 casualties were picked up 7 September. Rain in the afternoon of 6 September was associated with fog, low clouds and light rain on the morning of 7 September. Forty-nine casualties (47 at WSIX), the highest daily count for the season, were picked up 6 October. The weather was clear on the night of 5-6 October. Maybe the fall migrants moved in as even a flow as the weather. Michael Bierly, coordinator for collections at WSIX, notes that during the collection period WSIX was erecting a new tower beside the operating one — the new to eventually supplant the old. Erection proceeded gradually with the [VoL. 45, 1974] 58 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER TABLE I TELEVISION TOWER CASUALTIES, FALL 1973, NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE Numbers in ( ) indicate birds collected that day. Underlined numbers indicate birds collected at WSIX, not underlined collected at WSM. Asterisk * indicates an obviously old specimen. SPECIES WSM WSK TOTAL DATES Pied-billed Grebe 2 0 2 Sept. 7 (2) Great Bl. Heron 0 1 1 Oct. 6 (y Virginia Rail 2 0 2 Sept. 7 (1); 13 (1) Rail sp. 0 1 1 Sept. 23 Mourning Dove 0 3 3 Sept. 7 (1]; 30 (1]; Oct. 6 (1) Yel-billed Cuckoo 1 1 2 Oct. 6 (1); 14 (1} Blk-billed Cuckoo 1 0 1 Sept. 17 (1) Common Flicker 0 1 1 Oct. 15 0 Least Flycatcher 0 1 1 Sept. 11 (D Sept. 19 (I) Mockingbird 1 0 1 Gray Catbird 0 6 6 Oct. 1 0; 6 (4); 28 0* Wood Thrush 0 2 2 Sept. 18 0; Oct. 7 0 Swainson's Thrush 0 1 1 Oct. 6 0 Veery 1 0 1 Sept. 7 (1) Thrush sp. 0 4 4 Oct. 1 0; 6 0; 14 0 + ; 28 0 Golden-cr. Kinglet 1 0 1 Oct. 14 (1) Red-eyed Verio 3 5 8 Sept. 7 (2, 0; 11 0; 12 (1) Philadelphia Vireo 1 1 2 Oct. 6 0; 8 (1) Black-and-white Warbler 7 7 14 Sept. 6 (2); 7 (3, 0; 8 (1); 16 0+; 30 0; Oct. 1 0; 5 (1); 6 (0 Tennessee Warbler 4 14 18 Sept. 7 (1, 0; 11 0; 24 0 Magnolia Warbler 3 8 11 Sept. 8 (1); 9 (1); 16 0; 18 (2) Oct. 5 (1); 6 (0 Black-tho. Blue Warbler 0 1 1 Sept. 20 0 Yellow-rumped Warbler 0 1 1 Oct. 28 0 Black-tho. Green Warbler 2 4 6 Oct. 5 (1); 6 (0; 7 (1) Blackburian Warbler 1 1 2 Sept. 7 (1, 1) Chestnut-sided Warbler 0 2 2 Sept. 11 0; Oct. 6 0 Palm Warbler 0 4 4 Oct. 6 (3); 15 0 Ovenbird 2 10 12 Sept. 7 (1,0; 24 0*; Oct. 5 (1); Oct. 6 (6); 14 0; 16 0 Northern Waterthrush 2 4 6 Sept. 7 (1, 2); 8 (1, 1); Oct. 6 0 Kentucky Warbler 2 2 4 Sept. 7 (2, 0; Oct. 3 0* Mourning Warbler 0 1 1 Sept. 7 0 Common Yellowthroat 3 1 4 Oct. 7 (1); 8 (1); 14 0; 21 (1) Yellow-br. Chat 11 4 15 Sept. 7 (7, 0; 8 (1); 9 (2); 10 (l) + ; 11 0 American Redstart 0 1 1 Oct. 6 0 Warbler species 0 1 1 Oct. 14 (1]* Northern Oriole 1 0 1 Sept. 13 (1) Scarlet Tanager 1 1 2 Oct. 6 0; 8 (1) Rose-br. Grosbeak 1 2 3 Sept. 18 (1); Oct. 6 0; 15 0 Indigo Bunting 0 3 3 Oct. 6 (3J Savannah Sparrow 0 2 2 Oct. 6 (0 Vesper Sparrow 0 1 1 Oct. 27 (1] Field Sparrow 1 0 1 Nov. 6 (1) White-thro. Sparrow 0 1 1 Oct. 30 0 Lincoln's Sparrow 0 3 3 Oct, 6 0; 17 0; 23 (IJ Swamp Sparrow 0 1 1 Oct. 15 (1} Unidentified 2 2 4 Oct. 7 (0; 14 (1); Nov. 6 (1)* TOTAL 42 '56 109 165 addition of guy wires from the low level upward thus increasing the hazard to night migrants as long as both towers stand. Upon completion the new tower including its thin antennae will stand higher than the old but the body of the new tower will be shorter than the old tower and will be supported by fewer cables which in turn will have a slightly greater diameter than the old cables. At WSM the tower had been recently painted with bright orange paint and the guy lines with aluminum paint. It would be difficult to conclude that any of these factors influenced the light casualty list of 1973. [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 59 No new species was added to the master list. The Great Blue Heron, 6 Octo- ber WSIX, was the second of that species to be collected, the first having fallen at WSIX 30 September 1959. A Virginia Rail picked up 7 September was 3 days earlier than the early fall date for the species. We are again grateful for the continued interest of Amelia R. Laskey in tower casualty problems, to Mr. Paul New, of the U. S. Weather Bureau, and to the personnel at both WSM and WSIX towers for valuable help they have given. Regular assistance for scheduled collection at the towers was given by Frances Abernathy, Ann Arnett, Sue Bell, Michael Bierly, Clara Fentress, Wil- liam Finch, Katherine Goodpasture, Portia MacMillan, Ann Nichols, Marjorie Patrick, Virginia Price, and Ann Tarbell. 3407 Hopkins Lane, Nashville 3721 5. BOOK REVIEW BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 1974. By Michael Morcombe. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, N. Y. 80 pp. 97 photos. $7.95. — This book is a collection of the author’s best photographs made over a twelve-year period of time. It does not cover all bird life in Australia but only has representative species of the major classes of bird life in the various regions of Australia. The book is primarily a book of bird photographs with just enough text included to justify the pictures. However, the nearly 100 color photos are outstanding. They are printed on glossy paper and are mostly clear and sharp. Most important, perhaps, is that they portray birds in action: birds in flight, landing, feeding, and nest building. Their wing positions, color patterns, plumages, and total beauty are emphasized by the high speed electronic flash equipment that gave the author an action stopping 1/7000 second flash. A study of the photographs and their captions alone would make the book worth- while. The main topics covered by the author include: Birds of the Coastal Rain- forest; Honeyeaters; Australian Robins; Birds of the Dry Inland; Parrots; Birds of Prey; Fairy Wrens; Birds of Rivers, Swamps, and Tropical Grasslands; Birds of Ocean, Seashore, and Lakes; Birds of Forests and Woodlands; Tech- niques for Bird Photography. There is a brief introduction to the bird groups included in each chapter and captions which tell the story of the pictured birds. An information section is provided at the end of the book which includes a chart of Australian Bird Families and information and maps on bird distribution. There are ten chapters. No references are cited in the book but a short bibliography is included. There is an index of birds mentioned in the text but not of subject matter. Gary O. Wallace [Vor. 45, 1974] 60 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER MOCKINGBIRD MOVEMENTS DURING SUMMER LEE R. HERNDON The Mockingbird QAimus polyglotfos) is known to migrate short distances, however, over most of its breeding range it is considered a permanent resident. In northeast Tennessee it may be found in summer up to an elevation of 3,200 feet. The elevation under study in southwestern Elizabethton is about 1,600 feet. The area in which the Mockingbirds were trapped or netted was in my back yard. The area was about 50 ft. x 120 ft. with our ranch type house along one side, a multiflora rose {Rosa midtifiora) hedge on the opposite side, with an open golf course fairway immediately behind the hedge. The ends of the area were bordered by lawns, in which a few young fruit trees were estab- lished, and of approximately the same depth as the one under consideration. A garden plot occupied an area of about 20 ft. x 60 ft. On the side adjacent to the house and about midway the garden plot and about 10 ft. from it, was a pin oak {Quercns palustris) about 18 ft. tall, under which was a drip type bird bath, consisting of a garbage can lid at ground level, inside a cylinder of wire commonly used for reenforcing concrete and about 5 ft. in height. A garden hose attached near the top of the wire cylinder provided a continuous water drip. A patio 20 ft. in length extended 16 ft. toward the garden and a walk 4 ft. wide, consisting of large flat stones surrounded by marble chips extended to the garden and was flanked on both sides 'by two rows of hybrid tea roses. The remainder of the area was in lawn, in which some small fruit trees were set out in the spring of 1959. Several small shrubs and a small grape arbor were near the house. In 1969 the garden was planted with vegetables and some sweet corn and sunflowers. A mist net was placed near the end of the garden near the center of the yard and a double S trap placed between the garden and the hedge. The mist net was kept furled when unattended. The double S trap was baited with cracked corn and chick scratch feed. The gathering cage was removed when not attended, so that birds entering the trap could leave through the opening at which the gathering cage was placed, when in operation. During the periods, 17 June to 3 July; 2 5 July to 14 August and 2 5 August to 6 September, I was incapacitated or away from home, and the mist net and trap were inoperative during these periods. All Mockingbirds banded during 1969 (24) were netted or trapped between 7 June and 2 October, except three nestlings, which were banded on 12 June. The net and trap were not in opera- tion 46 days during this period. The first Mockingbird banded (band No. 61-193707) 7 June 1969 was recaptured 9-14-69, 10-14-69 and 10-16-70. Another Mockingbird banded 7-14-69 was recaptured 9-15-69, 6-2-70 and 1-3-71 and was brought in to me on 4-13-71, dead of a back injury, by a next door neighbor boy. This bird, as were all the other birds banded during this season were birds of the year except three which were adult birds. During 1970 the area was essentially the same except the garden was plowed in the spring and a few tomato plants were set out adjacent to the multiflora rose hedge. We were away from home from 5 June through 19 July, [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 61 44 days, two days less than in 1969. Upon our return home we found the garden area grown up with volunteer sunflower plants. Many of the weaker plants were removed and the remainder permitted to grow. Immediately after our return the double S trap was placed on the border between the end of the sunflower patch and the lawn and a mist net placed as in 1969, on the lawn about 6 ft. from the double S trap and very near the gathering cage for the double S trap. A 4-celled trap was placed along side the double S trap. Both traps were baited with cracked corn and chick scratch feed, neither of which was at- tractive to the Mockingbirds but was attractive to Song Sparrows {Melos piza melodia) and Cardinals {Cardinalis cardinalis) . Mockingbirds took a special delight in harassing these birds when they were inside the trap or gathering cage. On 22 July, when I was to be away for a few hours, the net was furled, the gathering cage placed on end beside the double S trap, thus leaving the trap open. The 4-celled trap was placed on top of the double S trap and left set but unbaited. Upon my return, a Mockingbird was caught in one of the cells of the 4-celled trap. For the remainder of the season the 4-celled trap was kept set and unbaited, on top of the double S trap, but the latter was baited and the gathering cage in the set position. During the period 22 July through 23 September 66 of the 69 Mockingbirds banded during the calendar year 1970, were captured in the unbaited 4-celled trap resting on top of the double S trap. The period of greatest movement was between 2 5 August and 8 September. During this 14 day period 44 of the 69 birds banded during 1970, were banded constituting 64 percent of the Mockingbirds banded during this year. Only ten of these birds were retrapped and three of these were recaptured twice. The longest elapsed time between banding and recapture was 66 days. This could have been a locally reared bird since it was first captured 2 5 July, was a bird of the year and repeated 26 September 1970. Only two of these repeats were taken after the last bird was banded 23 September. Fifty-eight of the 69 birds, or 82.6 percent were birds of the year, which included two locally hatched birds, which were captured by hand, on 10 August. At no time did there appear to be more than four or five Mockingbirds in the area at any one time. The maximum number of captures in one day was eight on 31 August and five on 29 August. Almost 2 5 percent of the birds (17) were captured during the last three days of August. There has been no return of any of the Mockingbirds banded during 1970 nor during the succeeding four summer seasons. The small number of retraps indicates that the birds were migrating and remained in the area a relatively short time. Such a small area certainly would not support such a large population of Mockingbirds, even if they would torelate each other with such a high density. Bandings of Mockingbirds by months for the years 1969 through 1972 are presented in Table I. [VoL. 45, 1974] 62 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER Year June July TABLE I August September October Totals 1969 8 5 3 7 1 24 1970 1 8 37 23 — 69 1971 — — 12 4 2 18 1972 — — 1 7 2 10 TOTALS 9 13 53 41 5 121 After the 1970 season, the multiflora rose hedge was removed and replaced by a chain-link fence. The area has not been as attractive to Mockingbirds since removal of the hedge, which provided a refuge and food supply par- ticularly in winter. Three annual area counts are made which give some idea of Mockingbird seasonal populations. A spring count is made about 1 May; a fall count about 1 October and the Christmas count. Table II presents these counts for the years 1969 through 1973. TABLE II Year 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 Average SPRING 78 77 86 62 65 7}.6 FALL 86 77 74 40 63 68.0 CHRISTMAS 18 69 46 21 26 36.0 These counts are not comparable. Although the area for spring and fall counts are the same, the birds are more conspicuous in the spring because the birds are singing. In the fall the difference may be compensated for by the birds of the year. However, the data of Table I indicates that the birds of the year may have moved out of the area during August and September, leaving predominantly the resident population. The Christmas counts are low because the area is limited to a circle of 7.5 mile radius, while spring and fall counts may extend to a circle of 2 5 mile radius. The Mockingbird population is fairly stable in this area except during August and September when relatively large numbers, mostly of birds of the year, pass through and are present for only short periods. 673 Golf Course Drive, Elizabethton 37643. [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 63 BIRD FINDING IN TENNESSEE BIRDING IN THE CHATTANOOGA-HIWASSEE RIVER AREA LIL DUBKE One of the best areas for observing shorebirds during migration is along the lower Hiwassee River Area. Dur- ing the latter part of July, the months of August, Sep- tember and early October, a great variety can be seen (depending on the water level of Chickamauga Lake) feeding in the mud and shallow water along the extensive shoreline. In the winter months, there is an abundance of wintering waterfowl. If at all possible, obtain a TVA Recreation map of Chicka- mauga Lake. This map can be easily followed to the "Hot Spots”! Area 1: blythe ferry AND BLUFF — From Chatta- nooga, drive north on High- way 5 8 approximately 29 miles, turn left on Highway 60. There is a small private lake approximately 2.07 miles — stop and toot your horn for the Bufflehead to pop up. This is wintering quarters for 20 to 50 Buflle- heads. Travel approximately 3 miles to blythe ferry, park and wait for the ferry. Wilford Caraway is usually present, and during the win- ter months, may be able to point out a favorite perch- ing spot of the Bald Eagle — or perhaps a Golden. A walk up the side of the bluff to the top is worth the effort. Be sure to take your scope to view the waterfowl feeding and resting on Hiwassee Island Wildlife Refuge. Thirty to 60 Great Blue Herons use this as their feeding and resting grounds. [VoL. 45, 1974] 64 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER Area 2: hiwassee hunting area — From the ferry, return 1.0 miles and turn on paved road to left (first paved road to left), continue to first dirt road to left, and turn left, continue to end of road, turn left, if gate is open to Hunting Area, park car after entering, and slowly approach the slough, or drive slowly through the area. Canada Geese, Blue Geese, even a White-Fronted Goose and Brant have been recorded, as well as a good variety of ducks. Winter- ing land birds are in the surrounding fields and hedgerows. Dickcissel sing lustily from perches during the months of May and June. Almost any visit could produce a Red-tailed Hawk. Bobolinks swoop through during migration in the spring. Area 3: creek areas — Return to black top road (Blythe Ferry — Charleston Road) turn left and continue to Tennessee Highway 5 8 (you will pass Gun- stocker Creek (3a), a brief pause may be all that is necessary at this spot — usually not very productive, but pays to check. Turn left on 5 8, continue to next paved road to the right. This is Lower River Road — ^^turn right, continue to Sugar Creek (3b). Many fine shorebirds have been found at this spot. Con- tinuing down Lower River Road, Candies Creek (3c), is approximately 2 miles. It is always good to check this spot. Next is the "Famous” South Mouse Creek (3d). When the water level is lowered, the finest mud-flats occur here. Just about any shorebird is a possibility during migration! It is always an exciting adventure to explore the Hiwassee River Area! For further information contact Ken and Lil Dubke, Route 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah, Tenn. 37363 or call 23 8-4969. ROUND TABLE NOTES WESTERN GREBE FOUND AT WOODS RESERVOIR— On a routine •afield trip to Woods Reservoir 18 November 1973, the writers observed a Western Grebe (AechmopJoorus occidentalh) as it leisurely swam with a group of Horned Grebes (Podiceps aiLvitus) in the open water. The bird was observed at 100' yards, under excellent light conditions. It was readily apparent that it was a Western Grebe because of its larger size, extremely Hng slender swan-like neck, and light yellow bill. These features were pointed out to other members of the group: Frank Hixon, Jan Hawthorne, Bradley Cansler, Gertrude Fleming, and Mr. and Mrs. Frank Baisden. The word quickly spread and many competent observers had an opportunity to view the Western Grebe. It was last observed in the area on 10 February 1974, by Lil Dubke and members of the new chapter of the TOS, Highland Rim. The Western Grebe is rarely found away from its normal wintering area in the west. Kenneth H. and Lillian H. Dubke, Rt. 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah 37363. fVoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 65 GOSHAWK IN LAND BETWEEN THE LAKES— The morning of 20 December 1972 I was observing wildlife around an old log barn or shed in Land Between the Lakes. The barn is located on a short ridge running north- ward down into a creek bottom and the north bay of Bards Lake, 7 miles northwest of Dover. On the sides of the ridge are heavily wooded ravines also leading northward down into the creek bottom and Bards Lake. On the ridge to the south of the barn is forest and to the north a small field of tall grass. The sky was clear that morning, and there was little wind. Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virgmianus) had often called from several places around the barn, and occasionally I beard and saw quail in a briar patch along the north edge of the barn. At about 09:00 (CST) as I stood just within the south door of the barn, a hawk glided about 7 feet high just in front of me. It landed about 15 feet high in the middle of a tree approximately 5 0 feet to the southwest. I was able to observe it in open view with 8x30 binoculars for a minute or two. Having collected an immature Goshawk (Accipifer gentilis) in Michigan, and having handled specimens of adult Goshawks and other eastern hawks, I im- mediately saw that the bird was an adult Goshawk. 1 noted the distinct light superciliary stripes demarcated by the black crown and auriculars, the blue-gray back and wings, and the light underparts with faint gray barring and streaking. Immature Goshawks have brown upperparts and thick brown streaks on the breast and abdomen. Other accipiters that occur in this area are the Cooper’s Hawk (Accipifer cooperii) and the Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipifer sfriafns). The hawk was obviously not a Sharp-shinned Hawk, being nearly as large as a Red-tailed Hawk (BtUeo ]amaicensis) . Unlike the Goshawk the adult Cooper’s Hawk, as well as the adult Sharp-shinned Hawk, does not have distinct superciliary stripes demarcated by black, and has reddish-brown barring on the breast. The male Marsh Hawk (Circus cyaneus) has the same general coloration as the adult Goshawk, but has black wing tips and lacks barring on the breast and the black and white pattern on the head. Also the Marsh Hawk would not be expected to occur in such wooded habitats, although it probably frequents the cultivated and abandoned fields in the creek bottoms throughout Land Between the Lakes. After a few minutes the bird flew low along the west edge of the barn toward the grassy field to the north, after which I could no longer observe it. About 5 minutes later, w^hile still in the barn, I heard a commotion just to the north, including brief squealing and also the sound of much movement in brush. It’s possible that the Goshawk captured one of the quail that I had seen earlier, although the commotion could have been an agonistic encounter between quail themselves. The coincidence of the commotion with the hawk’s presence, however, indicates that it was responsible, since I heard no such commotion at any other time. Although I frequented the same area on the following two days, I did not again see a Goshawk or any other accipiter. A Goshawk in this area is a rare occurrence. Apparently this year has been an invasion year for this northern species, with many reports from the eastern states including several in Tennessee (Fred Alsop, III, pers. comm.). [VoL. 45, 1974] 66 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER References used: Peterson, R. T. 1947. A Field Guide to the Birds. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston; Robbins, C. S., B. Bruun, H. S. Zim, and A. Singer. 1966. Birds of North America. Golden Press, Inc., New York; Roberts, R. T. 195 5. A Manual for the Identification of the Birds of Minnesota and Neighbor- ing States. Univ. of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. Roger L. Kroodsma, Dept, of Biology, Union University, Jackson 3 8301. GOSHAWK IN TROUSDALE COUNTY — On Sunday morning 1 8 March 1973 my wife and I observed an adult Goshawk (Acdpiter gentilis) in Trous- dale County. In view of the relatively few sightings of this species in middle Tennessee, and since this is the first record for the above mentioned county, the following details are submitted regarding the observation: Time — 9:30 to 9:37 a.m.; Weather — sky clear, temperature 45 degrees Fahrenheit, wind from the west-northwest (a cold front had moved through the area the night before and temperatures dropped into the twenties after several weeks of readings in the sixties) ; Exact Location of Sighting — seven miles north of Lebanon, Ten- nessee at a point approximately three-hundred yards north of the Hunters Point Bridge (Hwy. 10 crossing the Cumberland River) in the Hunters Point Refuge Area, Trousdale County; Characteristics — the bird was startled from a deciduous-cedar thicket, whereupon it flew out into an open area and began a slow circular glide. The accipiter wing profile and long barred tail were easily noticeable at this time with the naked eye. Two Common Crows (Corvus brachyrhyncos) almost immediately made several passes at the bird and it was then that the large size of this accipiter was readily noticed (the Goshawk is larger than the Crow, whereas the Coopers Hawk (Accipiter cooperii) is smaller). The crows soon gave up their sport after the bird gave chase to one of their number. I watched this exhibition for several minutes through 7 x 50 Bauch and Lomb binoculars and could distinguish the dark eye stripe, find dark markings on the light gray underparts and the long tail. When last seen the bird was gliding back into the forested area of the refuge boundary; Observers — Jon E. and Nancy DeVore. Jon E. DeVore, Apt. A-5, 1510 Huntington Dr., Murfreesboro 37130. SHARP-SHINNED HAWKS NESTING AT SEWANEE— Although I had observed a pair of Sharp-shinned Hawks (Accipiter striatus) several times during July 195 3, below the bluff at St. Mary’s School, Sewanee, no nest could then be located. On 12 May 1973, Steve Harris, a student at The University of the South, found a nest of this hawk near the Sherwood Road opposite St. Mary’s School, after he had heard the male giving his warning territorial cackle. The female was sitting on the nest. This nest was very typical of the species in Massachusetts, as described by A. C. Bent, Life Histories of North American Birds of Vrey, part one, Dover. It was placed 1 8 feet up, against the trunk of a medium-sized white pine (Pinus strobus), located in a dense planting of the same tree species. The nest was about one foot in diameter, made of small twigs, and shallow from top to bottom. It contained 3 eggs, whitish blotched with brown spots. Two of the birds’ butcher blocks, containing remains of small birds, and a used nest were located a short distance from the active nest. On 1 5 May, the male again gave his warning cackle, when the nest was approached. The female was reluctant to leave the nest. Five eggs were present. On 2 5 May, [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 67 Margaret Ringland, a student; my wife, Jean; my son, Clay; and I joined Mr. Harris in the nest visit. As usual, the male warned and the female was re- luctant to leave. Her square-tipped tail could be seen protruding from the nest. A rap with a stick on the tree made her depart for a short distance. Six eggs were found to be present. Miss Ringland, Clay and I assumed the nest observa- tions after this date, when Mr. Harris returned home in Texas. On 17 June (24 days from the last egg-laying), four eggs hatched. On 1 July, wing and tail feathers of the 4 young were starting to erupt. There were no remains of the two unhatched eggs and the parents were not at the nest. On each of the many visits to the nest, before and after the eggs hatched, potential songbird prey could be seen and heard in the close vicinity of the nest. Towhees, Carolina Wrens {Thryothorus ludoricianus) ^ Tufted Titmice (Paris bicolor) ^ and Hooded Warblers (Wilsonia cUrina) were recorded. Frank and John Craighead, in their Hawks in the Hand (Houghton Mifflin Co.), pp. 15 8-160, give a similar account of Sharp-shinned Hawks not molesting towhees and Whip-poor-wills (Caprimulgus vociferus) in the immediate vicin- ity of the hawk’s nest, but catching prey afar. On 3 July, wing and tail feathers were growing, but down covered the rest of their bodies. Two were small and obviously males and two much larger females. The parents were absent. One male and one female were removed from the nest, photographed, and kept in captivity for further study. I kept the male and Mr. Harris was sent the female. In two weeks, the captive young were fully-feathered, would eat chicken meat from one’s fingers and could fly a short distance. My male liked to hunt and eat June beetles and other insects in our pasture, pursuing them on foot, before it could fly well. Even after fully feathered, the male was not as large as a female American Kestrel (Falco sparverius). Shortly after maturing, the male escaped, when being removed from its pen and never returned. Mr. Harris’ female also escaped, a few weeks later. The Sharp-shinned Hawk is usually fairly common in migration in Tennes- see, but is a rare permanent resident in any part of the state. The majority breed throughout the forested parts of Canada and the northern United States near Canada. Henry E. Parmer’s Birds of the Nashville Area (second edition), lists it as a rare permanent resident in that region, with several nesting records at Basin Springs and Craggie Hope. Arthur Stupka’s Notes on the Birds of Great Smoky Mountain^ National Park lists 4 June records, but no nesting records. At Sewanee, the white pine plantations for nesting sites, the abundance of small birds for prey, the great amount of wild, forested areas, and the cool mountain air are ideal for nesting Sharp-shinned Hawks. They have probably nested here for years. Harry C. Yeatman, Biology Department, University of the South, Sewanee 37375. AMERICAN AVOCETS AND SHORT-BILLED DOWITCHERS IN CARTER COUNTY — On the morning of 11 August 1973 at about 10:30 EDT while birding along Watauga River, I observed two very unusual looking birds for our area. They were in a small shallow bay where the river makes a sharp turn. They were at a distance of some 300 to 400 yards with an embank- [VOL. 45, 1974] 68 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER ment obscuring much of the birds bodies. I decided to drive around to the other side of the river to get a closer look. Arriving at this better viewpoint I i was pleasantly surprised to find two American Avocets (Recurvirostra ameri- cana) standing on the muddy edge of the far bank of the river some 100 feet away. They were feeding with seven Killdeer {Charadrius voci ferns ) and one Spotted Sandpiper {Actitis macularia) . The two birds had extremely long, bluish legs with webbed feet. The overall body was white with black wings || and a long horizontal white stripe in the center of the darker wings. The long | neck was a light ^brown, almost pinkish looking, fading into almost all "dirty” white color on the head. The long, thin, dark, upturned bill was unmistakeable. j The birds were very casually probing and feeding in the soft mud. ■ j| During my observation the birds gave a single-noted "kleep” call as de- || scribed by Godfrey in Birds Of Canada several different times. The birds were I observed with a pair of 7 x 3 5 binoculars and a Bausch and Lomb telescope. The S weather was clear on 1 1 August, but there had been a big storm the night ( before with very high southwesterly winds accompanied with heavy rain. After making on the spot notes and watching the birds for some thirty !j minutes, I decided to drive home and start our local TOS chapter "rare bird j alert.” After contacting several people I returned to the spot to meet Fred Behrend for the purpose of making photographs. While there several members | of our chapter came by to see the birds. The avocets were under constant i observation from 11:45 to 15:30 EDT and were also seen about 17:00 that i afternoon. A check was made the next day but the birds could not be found. | This was the first reported American Avocet for Carter County, with the only j Other upper East Tennessee report coming from Austin Springs in Washington County on 18 Sept., 1967 by Charles Smith and Wallace Coffey, The Migrant, Vol. 38(4):101. On 2 5 August, John W. Gray and I were again checking the above described area. The river was down and along the muddy edge we found three Short - billed Dowitchers (Limnodromus griseus) feeding with several Killdeer. The first thing we noticed was the long bill and the short "bobbing” motion of the head while feeding. Two of the birds were changing to the greyish color of winter plumage, while the other bird was very reddish-brown in color, equiva- lent to spring plumage. All three birds had very light colored greenish legs. The white on the rump and upper parts of the back could be seen only when the birds were preening. The birds were not flushed, since dowitchers are so uncommon for our area, there would probably be several people Interested in seeing the birds. We later returned with Dr. Gary O. Wallace and other mem- bers of the Elizabethton TOS and watched the birds for some 30 to 45 minutes. There have been several reports of Short-billed Dowitchers for upper East Tennessee, but none from Carter County. Therefore both of the above men- tioned birds were "firsts” for Carter County and both coming from the same location within two weeks of each other. Glen D. Eller, Route #3, Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton 37643. LARGEMOUTH BASS CAUGHT BY BARRED OWL— The Barred Owl (Sfrix varia) is seldom seen during daylight hours and even less frequently observed feeding during periods of strong light. Twilight appears to be the [Vol. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 69 most active time for the Barred Owl. It is therefore of particular interest when a Barred Owl is observed making a catch in broad daylight. On 12 June 1973, Messrs. John N. Stockdale and Jerry B. Armstrong, both employees of Tennessee National Wildlife Refuge, observed a Barred Owl in the vicinity of Morgan Creek near the Interstate 40 bridge which crosses the Tennessee River on the Tennessee National Wildlife Refuge. The owl was observed to swoop low over the water and catch a largemouth bass in the shallows with a single foot. The weight of the bass was estimated at l^ pounds. The Barred Owl then proceeded to fly to a nearby tree and perched on a limb. The fish was definitely alive when caught and seen to thrash about when in the grasp of the owl’s talons. The owl pecked at the fish several times while perched on the limb and then flew off after several moments. Bent’s Life Histories of North American Birds of Prey describes the diet of the Barred Owl as quite varied but primarily made up of mice and small rodents. However, fish is quite rare in his food intake which makes this daylight capture even more unique. Leon Rhodes, Assistant Refuge Manager, Tenn. Nat. Wildlife Refuge, Box 849, Paris 3 8242. JUNE RECORDS OF A BREWSTER’S WARBLER AND RED CROSSBILLS IN CUMBERLAND COUNTY, TENNESSEE— On the morn- ing of 11 June 1973, G. Ron Austing and I (FJA) visited the extensive pine- burn bisected by Interstate 40 in eastern Cumberland County in search of a nest of one of the many Golden-winged Warblers {Y ermivora chrysoptera) that are common summer residents there. The area is located just west of the Westel Exit on 1-40 a few miles north and west of Rockwood, and is reached by exiting south on the Westel road and proceeding approximately one mile to a dirt road running west into the pine planting. The birding habitat is accessible from this dirt road which, though rutted and not maintained, was passable for automobiles in June. The burn is perhaps 10-15 years old and is densely covered by an extensive planting of pines which have reached a height of approximately 6-8 feet. Scattered throughout are individual mature pine trees 2 5 plus feet tall and the dead standing snags of burned deciduous trees, minus most of their branches, of heights mostly intermediate between those of the mature pines and the planted pines. The taller pines and dead snags are often used by the Golden- winged Warblers as singing, preening, and resting perches. We had walked the dirt access road for approximately one mile and had located 5 singing male Golden-wings, all giving their typical ” see e -buzz -buzz- huzz-buzz^^ song, when the song of a Blue- winged Warbler (V. pinns) was heard along the road ahead. The bird was easily located as it sang from the tops of several young pines and was seen to be not a Blue-winged Warbler, but a hybrid, Brewster’s Warbler (V. chrysoptera X V. pinus) . The bird had a yellow forehead and crown, gray upperparts and wings, white throat and underparts, black lores with the eyeline extending thru and behind the eye, two wide yellow wingbars, and a yellowish wash on the upper breast. The song was given in two forms; the seee-buzz” typical of the Blue-wing and the [VoL. 45, 1974] 70 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER nesting song which is variable, consisting of a series of short notes and buzzes that change in pitch, i.e. ^^tsee, tsee, tsee^ tsee, tsee, tsee, buzzz-see-see-buzzz’’ (A. C. Bent. 1953). Life Histories of North American Wood Warblers. U. S. Nat’l. Mus. Bull. 203) also given by Blue-wings on their breeding grounds (we had heard the latter song repeatedly a few days earlier while observing nesting Blue-winged Warblers near Hamilton, Ohio). At no time on the three different occasions during the morning hours that we heard this individual singing did we hear it sing the Golden-wing song that we were constantly hearing from the male Golden-wings in the adjacent territories. We were unable to follow the bird’s movements when he left his singing perch (he used the same small pine and two nearby ones which were several feet taller than the surrounding ones on each of the three times we observed him) and, therefore, were linable to see if he was carrying food, or had a mate, or a nest. I believe this to be the first reported observation of a territorial Brewster’s Warbler in Tennessee. During our slow search thru the pines I was surprised to hear the flight notes of crossbills ahead. Subsequently, we were able to detect four birds in undulating flight overhead, but too high to determine the identity of the species. Shortly, two more birds were heard and seen in flight. These were close enough to be sure they were Red Crossbills (Loxia curvirostra) . Within an hour of our initial contact with crossbills on the area we ob- served 10 Red Crossbills feeding in several of the mature pines from a distance of approximately 60 feet. This active group was comprised of at least two juvenile birds in brownish plumage heavily streaked below and seemingly equal numbers of adult males and females. While in the pines some birds were actively foraging for food, some were preening, and some males were frequently seen chasing females and other males in short, rapid circular flights which usually brought them back to the same trees they had just vacated. The flock was very vocal, not singing, but almost constantly emitting single notes which were sometimes rapidly repeated. The birds were easily approached to within 20 feet, and were seen to feed on the ground as well as in the smaller pines. We often saw and heard crossbills in twos and threes during the rest of the morning and early afternoon until we departed the area about 14:30 (CDT). It was impos- sible to establish if the latter were members of the single flock of 10, or if more birds were ranging the large pine-burn. These birds most probably were individuals from the widespread southern invasion of this species during the preceding winter. After similar invasions in other states straying Red Crossbills which have lingered have bred or have been suspected of breeding (A. C. Bent. 1968. Life Histories of North American Cardinals y Grosbeaks, Buntings, Towhees, Finches, Sparrows, and Allies. U. S. Nat’l. Mus. Bull. 237). These erratic wanders are also rather erratic in their nesting, breeding most often in January and February, but there are nesting records for the species for most months of the year. Though Red Crossbills are found in East Tennessee throughout the year, no nest has been reliably reported from the State. Dr. Fred J. Alsop, III, Dept, of Biology, East Tennessee State University, Kingsport University Center, P. O. Box 9, Kingsport 37660. [VoL. 45, 1974] THE MIGRANT 71 I ! 1974 , NESTING FAILURE IN A COMMON GRACKLE COLONY— The presence of large numbers of Common Crackles {Quiscahis quiscnla) during the various bird counts indicates that this species is reproducing at a constant, I if not increasing, rate. Of interest in this respect is the complete failure of a I small colony of Common Crackles during the 1972 nesting season. The colony j was located near a small pond of approximately ^ acre surface area and in a j nearby gully on a farm in Ohion County. Thirteen nests were located in black willows (Salix nigra) at the margin of the pond. The willows varied in height above water varying from 2 to 10- feet. Six nests were located in a small brush covered gully approximately 100 feet uphill from the pond. These nests were located in elm {Ulmus sp.), ash {Fraxinns sp.), persimmon (Diospyros vir- giniana) ^ oak {Querctis sp.), cherry (Frunus sp.), and sassafras (Sassafras albidum) at heights of 8 to 12 feet. Pasture land seeded to lespedeza (Lespedeza striata) and fescue (Festuca elatior) surround both the pond and gully. Weekly or twice-weekly visits were made to the area beginning on 1 April 1972. Nests V^ere observed being constructed on 1 April. Eggs were first seen on 17 April when one nest contained three. Young (with natal down) were first noted 8 May. The time and possible cause of each nest failure were recorded as evidence permitted. Four nests either fell from the supporting branches, disintegrated, or tilted at such an angle that the contents fell. Three of these nests contained eggs and one was empty at the time of destruction. Faulty construction tech- niques and/or breakage of supporting branches are thought to have been the cause of destruction in each case, as some damage to the nest or its supports was noted prior to the final destruction. Predators are not thought to have destroyed any of these as depredated nests were left intact. An unknown predator took the eggs from four nests; this depredation occurred between 23 April and 14 May. A Black Racer (Coluber constrictor) was observed removing eggs from one nest on 14 May. Two nests with eggs were deserted between 14 and 24 May. Young were removed from eight nests by unknown predators between 1 and 21 May. Young birds died in one nest, apparently following , desertion by their parents or the death of the parents. One nest is listed twice in the above account as it was depredated at least twice, once while containing eggs and once while containing young. The observed egg depredation by the Black Racer occurred at 13:30 (CDT) on 14 May. The snake was observed swimming near the margin of the pond approximately 10 feet from a nest. The snake moved directly to the nest, which was located 15 inches above the water at the base of two willow trees. The nest had lost three eggs during the previous week and at the time of the ob- served depredation contained only two eggs. The snake apparently broke one egg while picking it up; the egg was discarded. The second egg was picked up and swallowed, after which the snake climbed about 10 feet further up into the tree. SUMMARY Nineteen Common Grackle nests failed to produce any fledglings. Four nests were lost due to faulty construction; predators took eggs from four nests; predators took eggs and young from one nest; predators took young from eight nests; and, three nests were deserted. [VoL. 4f, 1974] 72 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER David Pitts, Biology Dept., University of Tennessee at Martin, Martin : 38237. NORTHERN ORIOLES AT PICKWICK DAM— On 2 5 December 1967, a mild Christmas day, my husband and I were taking a drive along the Tennes- see River below Pickwick Dam. The area is a well-kept park with the river on one side and a wild area on the other. The road is lined with a double planting | of Sycamore trees. On a low drooping branch of one of the largest Sycamores i we found a Northern Oriole (Icterus galbtda) nest. | li On reading that the Northern Oriole often builds in the same tree year J after year, we determined to watch for this in the spring. On 18 April 1968 1; we observed a large number, perhaps one hundred, of Northern Orioles in the |> Sycamore trees, tearing the seed balls to pieces and feasting. We also saw among j| them fifteen or twenty Orchard Orioles (Icterus spurhis). | Although I watched all summer for a nest, I did not find one until the ■ leaves fell when my husband and I again found a Northern Oriole nest in the | same tree, and three others in widely separated parts of the park. Since that [ time we have found a Northern Oriole nest each year. i| On 6 May 1971 we observed an Orchard Oriole at her nest, and saw two I male Northern Orioles perched in the treetops and singing. On 13 May 1972 we discovered a female Northern Oriole building her nest. I watched her closely ! for nine days. On 2 5 May the nest had been destroyed. On corresponding with | David Patterson I learned that he considered a Northern Oriole nest this far south noteworthy. On 30 May 1973 my husband and I spotted a Northern Oriole building a nest. On 8 July David, Gloria, and Mike Patterson met us at Pickwick and we took them to see our birds. As we approached the nesting site the male bird flew and all of us saw his glorious color. He did not choose to return while we were there. We did observe the female on the nest, thus confirming the fact that the Northern Oriole does indeed nest at Pickwick Dam, Tennessee. Ellen Warriner, 205 Linden Street, Corinth, Mississippi 3 8834. REPORT ON BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK, MURFREESBORO— On 3 0 December 1973, Mrs. Preston Edwards called me about a bird which she identified as some sort of a grosbeak. She gave a fairly good but restrained color description which suggested tentative identification. I made four trips to her house that day failing to see the bird which would come back as soon as I left. Only the fact that I was expecting participants in our Christmas count of the day before at my home on that day kept me from staying until I saw the bird. The next morning, 31 December, I had better luck and saw the bird at a distance of less than 20 feet when it landed on a picnic table. It was a very handsome bird with a breast of glowing burnt orange, golden in the center. The shoulders were orange and brownish-black, the wings also brownish black with a pattern of white feathers. The head was not solid black but striped in the dark almost black-brown. The cheeks were grayish. Fairly timid at first the bird would invariably fly to a bare branch on one of the large hackberry or wild cherry trees in the fence row at the back of the [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 73 lot and then to the table which was usually covered with Purple Finches {^Carpodacus purpureu^s), Cardinals {Cardinalis cardmalh) ^ White-crowned Sparrows {Zonotrlchia levcophris) , etc. As the days passed the bird became bolder and finally flew to the feeder about five feet from the observation point within the house. He remained on view, almost on demand, for ten days. On Wednesday, 9 January, five Evening Grosbeaks (Hesperipbona vespertina) appeared at the Edwards’ and the next day both they and the Black-headed Grosbeak {Vhencticus melanocepbahis) were gone. The bird was seen a few days later in the vicinity but has not been seen since. On 1 January 1974 the bird was seen by Margaret Mann and Pat Stallings of Nashville and subsequently by Dr. Katherine Goodpasture, Mike Bierly, Ann Tarbell, Mrs. William Fentress, Mr. and Mrs. Paul Crawford of Nashville, Mr. and Mrs. Don Manning of McKenzie, Dr. and Mrs. Benton Basham of Dunlap and Morris Williams. The bird remained hidden except when coming to the feeder and was never noted to eat anything but the sunflower seed. During the entire stay of the bird, with perhaps the exception of an hour or two, the sky was overcast and the weather cool and damp. The bird was first seen following some severe weather conditions that had prevailed. Anne Hettish, 1018 Lawndale Drive, Murfreesboro 3713 0. LONGEVITY AND MOVEMENTS OF BANDED PURPLE FINCHES— Purple Finches {Carpodacns purpurens) have produced more outstanding rec- ords at my home banding station than any other migrant wintering species. However in the earlier years (1926-1959) there were few recorded although the feeders attracted many other species. Bird banding was conducted sys- tematically from 1931, yet none was banded until November 1939 (2 indi- viduals). The scarcity continued until 1960 when 387 were banded. Since then there have been intermittent population and banding years, as follows: 1966 (828); 1968 (26); 1969 (1,028); 1970 (1,423); 1971 (one on Novem- ber 5); 1972>(542); 1973 (203). Usually none is trapped before January. In 1963 and 1964 when they were absent from my home, I banded 119 and 264 respectively at the home of Sue M. Bell about 1.5 miles southwest. In 1970, in addition to the 1,423 banded, I trapped 54 that had been banded by Katherine A. Goodpasture and she trapped 28 that I had banded. Our home stations are about a half mile apart, but Purple Finches are known to wander over a considerable area to other feeding and banding stations. One individual which I banded 12 February 1972 was retaken on the follow- ing day by M. L. Bierly at the home of Roger Harshaw about 10 miles north- east {Bird-Banding 1972). As Purple Finches are gregarious in winter and occupy a communal roost {Atik 195 8), this behavior may account for an individual following a different flock at the morning dispersal from a roost. The total number banded is 4,954. I have had 50 individuals return in subsequent years and 15 recoveries outside of Tennessee: Minnesota (2); Wisconsin; New York; New Jersey; Massachusetts (2) ; Connecticut; Vermont; Maine (3) ; Alabama; North Carolina; Maryland. Of these only 5 were reported dead and 10 were trapped and released by banders. [VoL. 45, 1974] 74 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER Among the returns, No. 73-53582 was in his 9th year of age at least. He j had been banded in 1966 as an adult male in raspberry red plumage, was retaken [ twice in 1970 and again in January and March 1973. As Purple Finches do | not attain their adult plumage until the second year, he was hatched in 1964 i or earlier. ! Another individual. No. 79-42897, banded February 1972, age and sex [ unknown, was trapped twice and released in May 1972 in Connecticut by | Gordon Loery. It was back at my home and trapped in January 1973 in the brown plumage of a female {Bird-Banding 1973). i In 1972 Bessie Walker operated for several months as my sub-permittee j using my bands at her home in Mount Juliet. From 17 February through 9 April, 131 Purple Finches were banded. The following season, she had 13 i returns (10 percent). The earliest was an adult male, banded 10 March 1972 which returned 6 December 1972. ' She trapped and released a female in its 6th year of age that had been banded in Massachusetts. She also trapped a Canada-banded bird that had been | Banded 12 March 1970 in Edmonton, Alberta. | 195 8 Au^k 75:475-476. A winter roost of Purple Finches. 1972 Bird Banding 43:287. One day or one night mileage of migrant birds. 1973 Bird Banding 44:227. A longevity and round trip records of banded Purple Finches. Amelia R. Laskey: deceased {The Migrant^ 44:106). THE SIXTIETH ANNUAL SPRING TOS MEETING COLUMBIA, TENNESSEE 2, 3, 4 MAY 1975 Headquarters will be at the Holiday Inn. For reservations write Holiday Inn, Columbia, Tennessee 38401, or call 615 — 388-2720. Additional infor- mation will be sent out well in advance by the host chapter Columbia. If further details are desired contact George R. Mayfield, Jr., Maury County Hospital, Columbia, Tennessee 3 8401. [VoL. 45, 19741 1974 THE MIGRANT 75 THE SEASON Fred J. Alsop, III, Editor SPRING season: 16 MARCH -15 MAY If there is a singular characteristic of the following season report it is the lack of information submitted to the Regional Compilers by our birding mem- bership who by their very natures should be most active during the spring season. However, there are many observations of note such as the Whistling Swan, Willets, Baird’s Sandpipers, and Short-eared Owl reported from the Central Plateau and Basin Region. Red Crossbills were seen in the two central regions of the State, and a Harris Sparrow was found in Gallatin. Many Shorebirds were reported in the Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. This region also reported a Snowy Egret and a bird which continues to become less frequent in Tennessee, the Bachman’s Sparrow. Most noteworthy are the many nesting records of raptorial species in this region’s data. Lark Sparrows were observed in Bristol. No great concentrations of migrating birds were reported, but perhaps this is more of a reflection of the scarcity of reports to the compilers than of a lack of birds. Seen a good bird lately? Write your Season’s Regional Compiler about it. WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN REGION — No report this season because of the noted absence of observations submitted to the Regional Compiler prior to his editor’s deadline. CENTRAL PLATEAU AND BASIN REGION— This report is hardly representative of the region since it includes records from only the Nashville Area and Lawrence County. Observers in Middle Tennessee are urged to report their findings to the regional compiler. Data from the spring counts has generally not been duplicated in this report. One can only speculate as to the origin of the BAND-TAILED PIGEON reported at Old Hickory Lake by Bill and Sally Fintel. Grebe-Sandpiper: Pied-billed Grebe: 5 May (2) BV (MLB); Green Heron: 6 Apr. (1) OHL (BF, SF); Little Blue Heron: 14 Apr. (2) BV (MLB); 5 May (3) FP (MDW); 15 May (5) G (SB, DC, PC, AN); Great Egret: 4 Apr. (1) NA (MPS) ; Cattle Egret: 27 Apr. (3) NA (MLB); 7 May (1) Lawrence Co. (Lloyd Clayton, MDW); Black-crowned Night Heron: 30 Mar. [VoL. 41, 1974] 76 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER (40) BH (MEM); Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 30 Mar. (1) BH (MLM) ; : American Bittern: 5 May (1) BV (MLB); WHISTUNG SWAN: 16 Mar. (5) Hunter’s Point (William Vaughn); Black Duck: 17 Mar. (5) Ashland City Marsh (MLB); Gadwall: 30 Mar. (4) RL (MLB); Wood Duck: 3 May (1 female, 8 young) BV (MLB, Benton Basham); Bufflehead: 14 Apr. (10) RL (MLB); Red-breasted Merganser: 16 Apr. (7) OHL (MLM); COOPER^S I HAWK: 27 Mar. (1) Fernvale (John Ellis); 23 Apr. (1) PWP (HR); Broad- : winged Hawk; 5 Apr. (1) RL (MLB); Virginia Rail: 27 Apr. and 5 May (1) | BV (MLB); Sora Rail: 27 Apr. (3) BV (MLB); Common Snipe: 31 Mar. j (57) OHL (MPS); WILLET: 28 Apr. (7) OHL (Knauth Party); White- ll rumped Sandpiper: 15 May (1) G (SB, PC, AN); BAIRHS SANDPIPER: | 15 May (3) G (SB, DC, PC, AN); Least Sandpiper: 9 May (200) BV (MLB). ! Tern-Sparroivs: Caspian Tern: 15 May (3) G. Steam Plant (PC); BAND- !i TAILED PIGEON: 9 Apr. (1 carefully observed by BE, SF) OHL; SHORT- i; EARED OWL: 23 Mar. (4) Smyrna Airport (MLM); Whip-poor-will: 29 li Mar. (1) NA (MLB); Common Nighthawk: 28 Mar. (1) NA (DC); Ruby- throated Hummingbird: 2 Apr. (1) NA (KAG) ; Eastern Kingbird: 12 Apr. j (2) NA (JR, HR); Willow Flycatcher: 19 M,ay (1) BV (MLB, Chap ! Percival) ; Least Flycatcher: 28 Apr. (2) RL (MLB); Tree Swallow: 16 Mar. | (7) WL (MLM, MPS); Barn Swallow: 16 Mar. (3) WL (MLM,, MPS); Blue- i gray Gnatcatcher: 21 Mar. (1) FP (MDW); Warbling Vireo: 10 Apr. (1) 1 NA (MLM); 6 May (2) FP (MDW); 7 May (2) Arrow Lake, Maury Co. (MDW); ORANGE-CROWNED WARBLER:' 21 Apr. (1) Ft. Negley I (MLB); 22 Apr. (1) RL (MLB); Pine Warbler: 16 Mar. (2) FP (MDW); j Louisiana Waterthrush: 16 Mar. (1) FP (MDW); Wilson’s Warbler: 3 May (1-netted) 2JS (JR, HR); Rusty Blackbird: 20 Mar. (50) FP (MDW); 13 May (1, late) OHL (SF); Purple Finch: 12 May (1) NA (Pauline Miller); Pine Siskin: 7 M.ay (1) OHL (BF, SF); RED CROSSBILL: 14 Apr. (7) Basin Springs (KAG); 14 Apr. (12)_PWP (MLB); Vesper Sparrow: 21 Mar. (12) FP (MDW); HARRIS’ SPA~KR0W: 18 Mar. (1, adult) G (Mrs. Leland Scott); Lincoln’s Sparrow: 4 May (7, banded) 2JS (HR, JR). Locations: BH — Bordeaux Heronry, BV — Buena Vista, FP — Five Points, G — Gallatin, NA — Nashville Area, OHL — Old Hickory Lake, PWP — Percy Warner Park, RL — Radnor Lake, 2JS — Two Jays Sanctuary, WL — ^Wartrace Lake. Observers: MLB — Mike Bierly, SB — Sue Bell, DC — Dot Crawford, PC — Paul Crawford, BF — Bill Fintel, SF — Sally Fintel, MLM — Margaret Mann, AN — Anne Nichols, HR — ^Heather Riggins, JR — John Riggins, MPS — Pat Stallings, MDW — Morris Williams. Morris D. Williams, Five Points, Tennessee 3 8457. EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY REGION— The season started out with almost double the normal amount of rainfall in March. April and May weather was more normal. Most wintering birds left on schedule and migrants passed through at normal times. Interesting nest records included a very early King Rail nest [VoL. 41, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 77 I at Amnicola Marsh, which had 8 eggs on 26 March. (Details will be published later) . Barn Owls nested in a hollow tree at Amnicola Marsh and in an old water tower in Knox County. The Elizabethton area reported a very good I shorebird migration. ! Notable out-of-range or off-schedule species included a Common Gallinule at Amnicola Marsh and a Double-crested Cormorant at Austin Springs. Loon-Merganser: Common Loon: 25 Mar. (3) ChL (KLD); 13 Apr. (5 calling) Watts Bar Lake (CN); 23 Apr. (1 calling) NL (KLD); 27 Apr. (1) BL (JD, SG); 12 May (1) Chilhowee Dam (JH) ; \5 May (1) Melton Hill Lake (CN) ; Horned Grebe: last 27 Apr. (7) BL (JD, SG); DOUBLE- CRESTED CORMORANT: 13 May (1) AS (GE, LRH); Green Heron: first 30 Mar. (1) Erwin (GE, HE); Little Blue Heron: 20 Apr. (1 adult) AS (GE, HE, LRH); 28 Apr. (1) AM (GLB) ; 15 May (1) AM (KLD); Cattle Egret: 30 Mar. (1) SeV (LSF); 31 Mar. (1) AM, (DJ, KW) ; 6-9 Apr. (1) AS (GE, HE, LRH); First Washington County Record; 7 and 20 Apr. (1) AM (GLB); 30 Apr. (1) Cleveland (KLD); SNOWY EGRET: 14 Apr. (1) WW (LS); Black-crowned Night Heron: 15 Apr. (1) ALM (MDW); 1 May (1) AS (GE, HE); Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 20 Apr. (1) AS (MD, SG, JW) ; 6 M,ay (2 nests) AM (RW) ; Least Bittern: 22 Apr. (1) AM (KLD); 12 May (1) AS (GE), 14 May (1) ALM (MDW) ; American Bittern: thru 1 May (1-2) AM (KLD, DJ); thru period (1-2) ALM, (MDW); Black Duck: 5 May (nest w/ 8 eggs) ELL (Doug Jett, CN, Bob Rountree); Greater Scaup: 25 Mar. (137) CHL and HRA (KLD); Canvasback: 22 Mar. (22) BL (MD, SG, JW); Red-breasted Merganser: last 2 May (2) CHL (KLD). Yulture-Hawk: Turkey Vulture: 30 Mar. (70 at roost) Daus (LSF); 7 Apr. (85 at roost) Little T River (AM, CN); Black Vulture: 3 Apr. (nest, 2 eggs), 14 May (2 young) McL (Jay Clark, KLD, DJ, et al), same site as 1973 nest; Sharp-shinned Eiawk: 21 Mar. (1) JC (MD, SG) ; 30 Mar. (2) AS (GE, HE); 2 Apr. (1) LHS (LD); 11 Apr. (1) Erwin (GW); COOP- ER’S HAWK: 7 Apr., (1) CL (JMC, JCH) ; 11 Apr. (1) AS (MD, SG); Red-shouldered Hawk: 4 nests in Chatt. area (DJ, et al) ; Broad-winged Hawk: 11 Apr. (29) K (JH); 15 Apr. (2 at nest) TRG (KLD); 30 Apr. (nest, 3 eggs) KC (CN, Boyd Sharp, MDW); Osprey: 7 Apr. (1) Little T near Chilhowee (AM, CN); 11 Apr. (1) K (JH); 13 Apr. (1) AS (DJL, GW); 12 Apr. (1) Loudon (CN); 21 Apr. (w at nest) Watts Bar Lake (KLD); 22 Apr. (1) Melton Hill Lake (CN); American Kestrel: 1 nest on UTK Campus (JH, AM, CN, MDW). Rail -Sand pi per: King Rail: 26 Mar. (4, and nest with 8 eggs) AM (KLD, DJ) very early nest date; 23 Apr. (2) first at ALM (MDW); Virginia Rail: 26 Mar. (1) AM (DJ); Sora Rail: conspicuously absent during season, 10 Apr. (1) ALM (MDW); Common Gallinule: 7-15 May (1) AM (LD); Semi- palmated Plover: 1 May (1) AS (GE, HE, DJL); American Woodcock: about 10 singing males during period in Knox Co. (MDW); Common Snipe: up to 100 Birds during period at ALM (MDW); last reports 1 May (1) AS (GE, HE) and 2 May (7) AM (KLD); Upland Sandpiper: 5 Apr. (1), 6 Apr. (5), 7 Apr. (1) SeV (LD, DJ, LSF); Spotted Sandpiper: First 18 Apr. (1) AS (MD, SG, EO), thru end of period (1-2) at AM (KLD); Solitary Sandpiper: 3 Apr. (1) AS (GW); 22 Apr. -10 May (1-3) AM (KLD); 10 May (1) [VoL. 45, 1974] 78 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER ALM (ON, MDW); Greater Yellowlegs: 25 Mar. (1) HRA (KLD); 14 Apr. (1) CL (JMC, JCH) ; Lesser Yellowlegs: regular (1-13) at AM,, SB, HRA (KLD); 14 Apr. (1) CL (JMC, JCH); Pectoral Sandpiper: 18 Mar. (16) HRA and SB (KLD); 23 Mar. (18), 25 Mar. (3) SB (KLD); 26 Mar. (21) AM (KLD); White-rumped Sandpiper: 13 May (1) AM (KLD); Least Sand- piper: 2 5 Mar. (36) HRA (KLD), present thru 12 May at AM (KLD); Dun- lin: 25 Mar. (last wintering) (66) SB and HRA (KLD); 24 Apr. (1) AS (GW); 27 Apr. -1 May (1-2) AS (GE, HE); Short-billed Dowitcher: 29 Apr. (1, by call note) AM (KLD, FW) ; Semipalmated Sandpiper: 12 and 13 M.ay (1) AM (KLD); Western Sandpiper: 13 May (2) AS (GE). Gidl-Martin: Bonaparte’s Gull: 3 0 Mar. (3) Chi (KLD); 5 Apr. (5) Chi (AG, LD); 6 Apr. (18) BL (GE, HE, LRH) ; 7 Apr. (5) NL (LSF); i Caspian Tern: 28 Apr. (1) ELL (CN, MDW); Black Tern: 7 May (1) AM i (LD); BARN OWL: 21 Apr. (nest, 1 young) AM (KLD, DJ) ; l' NESTS \ Elizabethton area, 1 with 3 young, other unknown number of young (GE et I al) : NEST with 4 young. Eastern State Farm, KC, fledged 10 May (MDW); ’ Screech Owl: 24 Apr. (nest, 3 eggs) KC (Doug Harned, CN); Chimney Swift: 2 Apr. (migrating flock of 5 0) K (John Elson) ; Willow Flycatcher: f 11 May (2) first, ALM (MDW); 13 May (2) AS (GE, LRH); Trail’s I Flycatcher (species?): 15 May (1) AM (KLD); Tree Swallow: 24 Apr. (15) |i AM (KD) ; Purple Martin: numbers greatly reduced in Elizabethton area. |i Jay-Sparrow: Blue Jay: 13 migrating flocks noted from 21 Apr. - 28 Apr. j at Chat, area (KLD, et al) ; Red-breasted Nuthatch: 6 Apr. (2) Col (RW), | thru 28 Apr. at K (CN, MDW, et al) ; House Wren: first report 14 Apr. (1) [| CC (JMC, JCH); BEWICK’S WREN: 23 Mar. (1) JC (SG) ; 21 Apr. (1) |i HRA (KLD, et al) ; Long-billed Marsh Wren: 31 Mar. (1) HRA (DJ) ; :i Short-ibilled Marsh Wren: 27 Apr. (1) JC (JD, SG) ; 1 May (1) AM (KLD); Cedar Waxwing: 27 Mar. (450) CH (DJ) ; Loggerhead Shrike: 6 May (nest, 4 young) Da (JBB) ; Warbling Vireo: 30 Apr. (1) K (JH); ORANGE- CROWNED WARBLER: 2 May (3) K (JH) ; Wilson’s Warbler: 13 May (1) K (JH) ; Canada Warbler: 6 May (7) TRG (KLD); American Redstart: 23 Apr. (35) TRG (KLD); Bobolink: 7 M,ay (10) HRA (KLD); Northern Oriole: 6 May (2) TRG (KLD); Rusty Blackbird: 31 Mar. (5) Lookout Valley (DJ); Brewer’s Blackbird: 22 Mar. (4) JC (MD, SG) ; Pine Siskin: 17 Apr. (300+) Signal Mtn. (LS) ; 27 Apr. (25) K (CN); 7 and 8 May (1) Am (KLD); RED CROSSBILL: 15 Apr. (10) CH (AG); 20 Apr. (18) AS (GE, HF); 28 Apr. (4) K (CN, MDW); 9 M.ay (10) JC (HD); BACHMANN’S SPARROW: 14 May (1) McL (DJ) ; White-Crowned Spar- row: 7 May (1) AM (KLD); White-throated Sparrow: last 14 May (3) K(JH). Locations: ALM, — -Alcoa Marsh; AM — Amnicola Marsh; AS — Austin Springs; BL — Boone Lake; CC — Campbell County; CH — Chattanooga area; ChL — Chickamauga Lake; Col — ^Collegedale; CL — Cove Lake; Da — ^Daus; FLL — Fort Loudon Lake; HRA — Hiwassee River Area; JC — Johnson City; K — Knoxville; KC — Knox County; LHS — Long Hollow Swamp; Mcl — Mc- Lemore’s Cove, Ga.; NL — Nickajack Lake; PHL — Patrick Henry Lake; SB — Savannah Bay; TRG — Tennessee River Gorge; SeV — Sequatchie Valley; WW — Wildwood, Ga. [VoL. 4S, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 79 Observers: GLB — Gary L. Bayne; JBB — J. Branson Black; JMC — James M. Campbell; JD — Joy Dillenbeck; MD — Martha Dillenbeck; LD — Lil Dubke; I KLD — Ken and Lil Dubke; GE — ^Glen Eller; HE — Harry Farthing; AG — Anne Gibson; SG — Sally Goodin; LRH — Lee Herndon; JH — James Holt; I JCH — J. C. Howell; DJ — Daniel Jacobson; DJL — Dick and Joyce Lura; AM — I Andrew Morton; CN — ^Charles Nicholson; EO — Elizabeth Osborne; LS — Lee Shafer; LSF— Lee Shafer Family; GW— Gary Wallace; MDW— Morris D. Wil- liams; RW — Roger Woodruff; JW — Jane Whitehead. Charles P. Nicholson, 6806 Haverhill Dr., Knoxville 37919. [ EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION — This period’s only reports came from the extreme upper corner of the area, therefore, this report will not be a true composite of the overall bird life of the entire region. This reporter needs more material. Would you please help out? The weather for the last half of March continued very wet, with the entire month recording over twice the normal amount of rainfall. The months of April and May have been normal in all conditions. This factor perhaps will explain the "very average” migration we experienced. The most unusual report was that of two Lark Sparrows in Bristol. Loon-Osprey: Common Loon: last seen 27 April (2) Wat. L (LRH and JM). Great Blue Heron: last seen 27 April (1) H.S. (GW and DJL). CATTLE EGRET: 4 April (1) Wat. R (GE, LRH and HF). Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 7 and 8 April (2) H.S. (GE and HF) ; 13 April (1) SmV (GE); 27 April (2) H.S. (GW and DJL). Green-winged Teal: last seen 4 April (5) Wag. I (GW and HF). Northern Shoveler: last seen 6 April (10) Wat. L (GW). Bufflehead: two have remained at Wil. L thru end of period (HF, et al). Ruddy Duck: 20' March (1) G.L.P. (GW). Hooded Merganser: last seen 21 March (6) Wat. L (GW and DJL). Red-breasted Merganser: 20 March (1) Wil. L (GE and JM). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 6 and 20 April (1) SmV (GE, HF and LRH); 11 May (1) RM (GE and GW). COOPER’S HAWK: 14 April (2) IMG (SG). Red-shouldered Hawk: 14 and 27 April (1) IMG (SG and JD). Broad-winged Hawk: first returned 7 April (2) H.C. (TMS). Osprey: first returned 5 April (1) Wag. I (GE). Rail-Vireo: Sora Rail: 27 April (1) G.L.P. (GW and DJL). Woodcock: 14 May (2) Milligan (GE). Spotted Sandpiper: first returned 13 April (1) Wat. R (GE). Solitary Sandpiper: very early 20 March (1) SmV (GE and JM). Greater Yellowlegs: 2 and 20 April (1) SmV (HF and GW). Lesser Yellowlegs: 2 and 17 April (2) SmV (HF). Pectoral Sandpiper: early return 20 March (3) SmV (GW and LRH). Bonaparte’s Gull: 13 April (4) Wat. L (GE). Barred Owl: 27 April (3) Holston Mtn. (GE, LRH and GW). Chuck- wills-widow: 13 May (1) Milligan (GW). Red-headed Woodpecker: 23 thru 27 April (1) Eliz. (W. C. Hardin). Crested Flycatcher: first returned 15 April (1) H.C. (TMS). Tree Swallow: 5 April (2) H.C. (TMS). Purple Martin: first returned 17 March (2) Eliz. (FWB), these birds are greatly reduced in our local population this spring. Cedar Waxwing: 1 May (100) near J.C. (SG and MD); 14 May (32) Bristol (DW). White-eyed Vireo: early return 2 April (1) H.C. (TMS). Solitary Vireo: early return 23 March [VoL. 45, 1974] 80 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER ( 1 ) R.M. (TMS and FWB). Warbling Vireo: 27 April (2) SmV (GW and DJL). War bier -Spar row: Golden-winged Warbler: 1 1 May (2) R.M. (JM, LRH, GE and GW) . Blue-winged Warbler: 27 April (2 ) SmV (GW and DJL) . Nashville Warbler: 29 April (1) H.S. (GW) . Cape May Warbler: early return 7 April (1) Bristol (DW) . Cerulean Warbler: 13 May (1) H.S. (GW) . Palm W arbler : 27 April (2) SmV (GW and DJL ) . Northern Waterthrush: 27 April (1) H.S. (GW and DJL); 11 May (2) SmV (GW and GE). Wilson’s W arbler : 10 May (1) SmV (GW) ; 12 May (1 ) Bristol (Anna Cantwell) . Brewer’s Blackbird: 14 and 19 April (2) Wag. I (GE and FWB) . Blue Gros- beak: early return 14 April (1) Eliz. (GE) . Evening Grosbeak: smaller num- bers this year but a few still remaining at various feeders thru end of period. Purple Finch: last seen 5 May (3 ) H.C. (TMS) . Pine Siskin : last seen 1 1 May (50) R.M. (GE and GW) . Vesper Sparrow: 5 and 6 April (6-12) SmV (GE and HF) . LARK SPARROW : 1 3 May (2 ) Bristol ( JA) . White-crowned Sparrow: last seen 1 1 May (1) Eliz. (HF) . White-throated Sparrow: last seen 14 May (2) Eliz. (GE) . Fox Sparrow: 16 March (1 ) Eliz. (HF) ; 26 March (2) Bristol (JA) ; 13 April (1) R.M. (TMS) . Locations: Eliz. — Elizabethton, GLP — Great Lakes Pond (near Eliz.) , H.C. — Heaton Creek (near R.M.) , H.S. — Hunter Swamp (near Eliz.) , IMG — Iron Mtn. Gap, J.C. — Johnson City, R.M. — Roan Mountain, SmV — Siam Valley (near Eliz.) , Wag. I — Wagners Island (near Eliz. ) , Wat. L — Watauga Lake, Wat. R— Watauga River, Wil. L— Wilbur Lake. Observers: JA — Judy Abbott, FWB — Fred Brehend, JD — Joy Dillenbeck, MD — Martha Dillenbeck, GE — Glen Eller, HF — Harry Farthing, SG — Sally Goodin, LRH — Lee Herndon, DJL — Dick and Joyce Lura, JM — John Martin, TMS — Tommy and Maxie Swindell, DW — Diane Wilson, GW — Gary Wallace. Glen D. Eller, Route #3, Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton 37643. [VoL. 45, 1974] PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION The purpose of THE MIGRANT is the recording of observations and original information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state of Tennessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders. Articles for publication originate almost exclusively from T.O.S. members. Contributors should prepare manuscripts and submit them in a form ac- ceptable to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes are solicited but their format should be somewhat diflferent. Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for publication are given herewith. MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and not submitted for publication elsewhere. TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive. STYLE: Recent issues of THE MIGRANT should be used as a guide in the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is needed reference should be made to the Style Manual for Biological fournah available from the Ameri- can Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue N. W., Wash- ington, D. C. 20016. COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8j x 11” paper with adequate margins, for editorial notations, and should contain only entries intended for setting in type, except the serial page number. Tabular data should be entered on separate sheets with appropriate title and column headings. Photographs intended for reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on glossy white paper in black and white (not in color). Instructions to the editors should be given on a separate sheet. Weights and measurements should be in metric units. Dating should be in ''continental” form (e.g., 7 March 1968). NOMENCLATURE: Common names should be capitalized followed by binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text for both regular articles and Round Table Notes, and should conform to the A.O.U. Check-list 5 th edition, 1957. Trinomial should be used only after the specimen has been measured or compared with typical specimens. BIBLIOGRAPHY: When there are more than five references in an article, they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be appropriately included in the text. SUMMARY: Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum- marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from the work performed. IDENTIFICATION: Rare or unusual species identification to be accept- able must be accompanied by verifying evidence. This should include: date, time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment, distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying observation and reference works consulted. REPRINTS: Reprints are available on request. Reprint requests should accompany article at the time of submission. Billing to authors will be through the state T.O.S. Treasurer. Books for review and articles for publication should be submitted to the editor. Seasonal reports and items should be forwarded to the appropriate departmental editor whose name and address will be found on the inside front cover. CONTENTS Fall 1973 Television Tower Casualties in Nashville. Katherine A. Goodpasture 57 Book Review: Birds of Australia. Gary O. Wallace 59 Mockingbird Movements During Summer. Lee R. Herndon 60 Bird Finding in Tennessee. Lil Ditbke 63 Round Table Notes Western Grebe Found at Woods Reservoir. Kenneth H. and Lillian H. Dubke 64 Goshawk in Land Between the Lakes. Roger L. Kroodsma 65 Goshawk in Trousdale County. Jon E, DeV ore 66 Sharp-shinned Hawks Nesting at Sewanee. Harry C, Yeatman 66 American Avocets and Short-billed Dowitchers in Carter County. Glen D. Eller 67 Largemouth Bass Caught by Barred Owl. Leon Rhodes 68 June Records of a Brewster’s Warbler and Red Crossbills in Cumberland County, Tennessee. Dr. Ered /. Alsop, III 69 Nesting Failure in a Common Crackle Colony. David Fitts 71 Northern Orioles at Pickwick Dam. Ellen Warriner 72 Report on Black-headed Grosbeak, Murfreesboro. Anne Hettish 72 Longevity and Movements of Banded Purple Finches. Amelia R. Laskey 73 The Season. Edited by Fred J. Alsop, III 75 Western Coastal Plain Region 75 Central Plateau and Basin Region. Morris D. Williams 75 Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. Charles P. Nicholson 76 Eastern Mountain Region. Glen D. Eller 79 Illustration by Fred J. Alsop, III ^ QU/^RTERLY OQURNflL DEVOTEDvTO TENNESSE^BIRDS thetennessee' ORNITHOLOGICAL fe. SOCIETY J DEC. 1974 'OL. 45, NO. 4 THE MIGRANT A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1930 Published By THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1915 A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization. EDITORIAL STAFF || EDITOR DR. GARY O. WALLACE il Rt. 7, Box 338, Sunrise Dr., Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643 “TFiE SEASON” EDITOR DR. FRED J. ALSOP, IH 1 Rt. 6, 302 Evergreen St., Church Hill, Tenn. 37642 ! ‘‘STATE COUNT COMPILER” MORRIS D. WILLIAMS i Box 25, Five Points, Tenn. 38457 OFFICERS FOR 1973-75 PRESIDENT MRS. ARLO SMITH 3724 Oakley Ave., Memphis, Tenn. 38111 VICE-PRESIDENT, EAST TENN GLEN ELLER Rt. 3, Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643 VICE-PRESIDENT, MIDDLE TENN BILL SENTER 313 West Hill Dr., Lebanon, Tenn, 37087 VICE-PRESIDENT, WEST TENN MISS ALICE SMITH Apt. 6, 414 N. Claybrook St., Memphis, Tenn. 38104 DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE; EAST TENN BRENT ROWELL 2227 Edgemont Ave., Bristol, Tenn. 37620 MIDDLE TENN MRS. GAITHER GRAY 1510 Hatcher Lane, Columbia, Tenn. 38401 WEST TENN DON MANNING 103 Stonewall Circle, McKenzie, Tenn. 38201 CURATOR JAMES T. TANNER Rt. 28, Box 155, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920 SECRETARY MRS. JAMES WALDRON 1626 Yorkshire Dr., Memphis, Tenn. 38117 TREASURER KENNETH H. DUBKE Rt. 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah, Tenn. 37363 Annual dues, $4.00; Sustaining, $7.50; Life, $100.00; Student, $3.00; Family, $5.00; (chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses). Dues, contributions, and be- quests are deductible from Federal income and estate taxes. Back numbers may be had from Dr. James T. Tanner, Rt. 28, Box 15 5, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920. Correspond with the Treasurer for subscriptions, memberships, and changes of address. Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by Mallicote Printing Inc., 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620, U.S.A. Postage paid and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643, U.S.A. THE MIGRANT Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society, to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee. Issued in March, June, September, and December. VOL. 45 DECEMBER 1974 NO. 4 FOSSIL BIRDS OF TENNESSEE James X. Corgan While the modern avifauna of Tennessee is reasonably well known, it has an inadequately documented geologic history. Of all the hundreds of articles on the birds of Tennessee, only one has focused on avian paleontology (Shufeldt, 1897). The present paper attempts to catalogue all known occurrences of fossil birds in Tennessee. It also calls attention to three correctable factors that limit knowledge of Tennessee’s ancient avifaunas. CATALOGUE Fossils are the remains of truly ancient organisms. In terms of earth his- tory, they date back at least as far as the Ice Ages, the Pleistocene Epoch. In Tennessee, the Pleistocene ended some 9,500 years ago. Archaeological sites throughout the state yield a variety of bird remains that are too young to be classified as fossils but too old to be part of the historic fauna. These are termed subfossils and they vary widely in age. Some are the remains of organisms that barely postdate Pleistocene time. Others lived a few hundred years ago. Virtually all subfossil species are still living or were part of the historic fauna. In geologic terms, bones from archaeological sites are viewed as part of the modern fauna, the fauna of the Recent Epoch. True fossils provide insight into the development of the modern fauna while subfossils yield data on the zoogeography of the Recent Epoch. Sub- fossils are not considered in this paper. The catalogue, given below, discusses four sets of true fossil collection. 1. George Farm Local Fauna. Gassaway, Cannon County. Whitlatch and Arden (1942) provide an exact description of this locality. The late Dr. R. Lee Collins, of the University of Tennessee, was describing this fauna when he died in 1959. His collection was donated to the Smithsonian Institution. Though the fauna was not fully described, enough is known to determine its geologic age. It represents some part of the late Wisconsin Stage of the Pleisto- cene, roughly 20,000 to 5 0,000 years before present. Bird remains occur but have not been identified. Any qualified ornithologist should be able to borrow this collection from the Smithsonian. Study of the avian fossils would require [VoL. 45, 1974] 82 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER both a considerable knowledge of osteology and access to an extensive collection | of skeletons. Even a small collection might provide challenging material for a Master’s Thesis. , 2. Kobinson Cave Local Fauna, Okalona area, Overton County. Parmalee {In \ Guilday, Hamilton, and McCrady, 1969) described a very diverse biota from this locality. The age is approximately the same as for the George Farm Local ^ Fauna, discussed above. Robinson Cave yields at least twelve species of fossil birds. Only two have been identified: Bonasa umbrellus (Linnaeus), the Ruffed Grouse, and Ecfopistes migratorius (Linnaeus), the Passenger Pigeon. Addi- | tional taxa include a Screech Owl (Otn^s asio) a grouse, a wood warbler, a jay, j' and at least six unassignable species of passerine birds. While most species are now indeterminate, bird-oriented naturalists should view Robinson Cave as a great potential source of data. Anyone familiar with the work of Dr. Paul W. Parmalee can rest assured that the initial study was ! well done and there is little hope that all specimens can ever be fully identi- j|! fied. John Guilday, of the Carnegie Museum, warns that indeterminate speci- mens are very fragmentary. Yet, year-by-year knowledge of fossil birds im- | proves. Specimens that were indeterminate in 1969 may be quite identifiable in 1979. Those who are expert in one of the groups present should acquaint ;] themselves with this fauna. | 3. The Carnegie Collections, Sullivan County. In the late 1 96 O’s and early 1970’s, the Carnegie Museum, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, participated in two j excavation programs involving vertebrate fossils from Sullivan County, Ten- nessee. In the first program, S. D. Dean and other amateur naturalists from Sullivan County excavated about ten caves that yielded vertebrate fossils. While the Carnegie museum was not involved in the excavation phase of this | program, museum personnel did identify collections. In the second program, the Carnegie Museum, itself, conducted paleonto- logical investigation in two Sullivan County caves. Apparently none of the caves excavated by amateurs yielded bird remains. An extensive Pleistocene avifauna from one of the Museum’s excavations is now being studied by Dr. Paul W. Parmalee, of the University of Tennessee. 4. The Mercer Collections. Between 1893 and 1896, Dr. Henry C. Mercer, of the University of Pennsylvania, directed several major excavations in Tennes- see caves (Mercer 1894a; 1894b; 1896; 1897). Hay (1923) provides a sum- mary of the paleontological aspects of Mercer’s work. While the Mercer parties visited many caves, they focused on three. Nikajack Cave, in Marion County, yielded sub-fossil vertebrates from an archaeological site. Both archaeological and pre-archaeological horizons yielded vertebrate remains in Lookout Cave, Hamilton County, and Big Bone Cave, Van Buren County. Bird remains collected by Mercer were described by Shufeldt (1897). A list of Shufeldt’s identifications is reproduced in Table 1, using the original nomenclature. Shufeldt’s text does not provide a collation of any sort. One can not learn which caves yielded which birds. Birds from Pleistocene horizons are not differentiated from those that occurred in association with human cultural remains. [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 83 TABLE 1 shufeldt’s prehistoric birds OF TENNESSEE Grebe "Duck” Partridge Ruffed Grouse "Grouse” Prairie Hen Turkey Passenger Pigeon Screech Owl Pileated Woodpecker Colymbus auritus Genus and species indet Colinus virginianus Bonasa umbellus Genus uncertain species new? Tympanuchtis sp Meleagris gallopavo Ectopistes migratorhis Megascops ash Ceophalaeus pileatiis Mammalian fossils from Big Bone and Lookout Caves clearly indicate that faunas of Pleistocene (Wisconsin) age occur. An exhaustive attempt to locate Shufeldt-Mercer avian fossils in the universities and museums of eastern North America was completely unsuccessful. Apparently there is no way to determine which birds, if any, occurred with the Pleistocene mammals. All records are thus lumped under the catch-all heading "Prehistoric (Table 1). Though this uncertainty limits the utility of Shufeldt’s list, the list remains a prime source of information. For example, data in Brodkorb ((1971, p. 264) suggest that Shufeldt provides the south-eastern most prehistoric record of the Pileated Woodpecker. LIMITING FACTORS Tennessee has been around a long time. The mountains of East Tennessee rose above sea level in the Appalachian Revolution of the Late Paleozoic and have been above sea level for some 275,000,000 years. Middle Tennessee was last influenced by marine waters some 65,000,000 years ago in the closing phases of the Cretaceous Period. West Tennessee has been dry land since some time in the Eocene Epoch, roughly 45,000,000 years before present. Thus, the mountains of East Tennessee were ancient when the earliest known birds ap- peared some 140,000,000 years ago, near the close of the Jurassic Period. All of Tennessee has, probably, been populated by birds for at least the last 45,- 000. 0001. years. If birds have been common in Tennessee for millions of years, why should their fossil record be so pathetically meager? One can identify at least three factors that are correctable and that currently limit our knowledge of Tennessee’s ancient avifaunas: 1. Most paleontologists who work with vertebrates are relatively unskilled in avian paleontology. Thus, a site may yield an abundance of bird fossils which remain unidentified and, perhaps, undescribed when a faunal report is published. 2. People who are skilled in the osteology of birds rarely become involved with fossils. [VoL. 41, 1974] 84 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER 3. Archaeologists, ornithologists, rock hounds, spelunkers, and other nature- buffs who discover fossils rarely know how to initiate a scientific study of their discoveries. Thus, most fossil finds that could contribute to knowl- edge of the life of the past never make an impact on the scientific world. Perhaps the lack of an impressive avian fossil record in Tennessee is largely a matter of poor communications. What do YOU do if you know a place where vertebrate fossils, of any sort, have been collected? You write to Robert E. Hershey, State Geologist, G-5 State Office Building, Nashville, Tennessee 37219. What do YOU do if you want to contribute to knowledge of the an- cient avifaunas of Tennessee? You arrange to borrow one of the fossil col- lections that is now gathering dust in some out-of-state museum. Throughout the southeastern Uniteed States pre-Pleistocene avifaunas are rare (Wetmore, 1956). Pleistocene birds are far more numerous (Hubbard, 1971) but Tennessee remains a blank spot on Pleistocene bird distribution maps. A small investment of energy by Tennessee-oriented avian osteologists might considerably enhance present knowledge of the spacial and temporal distribution of bird life, and life in general, during the Ice Ages. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS No avian fossil older than the late Wisconsin Stage of the Pleistocene, about 5 0,000 years before present, is currently known from Tennessee. Only two species of birds have unequivocal Tennessee fossil records: the Ruffed Grouse and the Passenger Pigeon. Communication problems have, thus far, inhibited the development of avian paleontology in Tennessee. Unstudied and once studied collections of fossil birds gather dust in museums. The pathetic state of avian paleontology in Tennessee can eventually be corrected if two things are done. First, a general system of communicating about vertebrate fossils is required. Anyone who knows a vertebrate fossil locality and anyone who is studying fossils must communicate with the State Geologist. Secondly, bird-oriented naturalists must begin to focus some of their energies on the ancestoral populations from which the modern avifauna of Tennessee was derived. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Knowledge of the George Farm Local Fauna and its present deposition comes largely from Dr. Robert E. McLaughlin, University of Tennessee. John E. Guilday, Carnegie Museum, provided data on Sullivan County collections. The following people kindly read a preliminary version of this manuscript: J. E. Guilday, Carnegie Museum, R. E. Hershey, Tennessee State Geologist, Dr. P. W. Parmalee, University of Tennessee, Dr. D. H, Snyder, Austin Peay State University, and Dr. A. Wetmore, Smithsonian Institution. REFERENCES' CITED BRODKORB, p. 1971. Catalogue of fossil birds: Part 4 (Columbiformes through Piciformes). Bull. Florida State Mils. 15:163-266. GUILDAY, j. E., H. w. HAMiiLTON, AND A. D. MCCRADY. 1969. The Pleistocene vertebrate fauna of Robinson Cave, Overton County, Tennessee. Palaeo-verte- brata 2:25-75. [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 85 HAY, o. P. 1923. The Pleistocene of the United States and its vertehrated ani- mals from the states east of the Mississippi River .... Carnegie lust, Wash- ington PtM. 322:1-499. HUBBARD, j. p. 1971. The avifauna of the southern Appalachians: past and present. Virginia Polytechnic Inst. Res. Div. Monogr. 4:197-232. MERCER, H. c. 1894a. Progress of field work of the Department of American and Prehistoric Archaeology. Ajner. Nat. 28:355-357. 1894b. Progress of field work. Department of American and Prehistoric Archaeology of the University of Pennsylvania. Archaeologist 2:117-118. 1896. Cave exploration by the University of Pennsylvania in Tennessee. Amer. Nat. 30:608-611. 1897. The finding of the remains of the fossil sloth at Big Bone Cave, Tennessee, in 1896. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 36:36-70. SHUFELDT, R. w. 1897. On fossil bird-bones obtained by expeditions of the University of Pennsylvania in the bone caves of Tennessee. Amer. Nat. 31:- 645-650. WETMORE, A. 1956. A chcck-list of the fossil and prehistoric birds of North America and the West Indies. Smithsonian Miscell. Coll. 13 5(5); 1-105. WHiTELATCH, G. I., AND D. D. ARDEN. 1942. A new fossil Vertebrate find near Gassaway, Cannon County, Tennessee. /. Tennessee Acad. Sci. 17:224-228. Tennessee Division of Geology, Nashville, Tennessee 37219 and Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tennessee 37040. ATTEND THE 1975 T.O.S. FORAY 23-25 MAY LAUDERDALE COUNTY The Memphis Chapter of T.O.S. will direct the activities. Information will be mailed out to each chapter. Headquarters will be in Covington, Tennessee. Check at office of Covington motels for location of registration. For addi- tional information contact Ben and Lula Coffey, 672 N. Belvedere, Memphis 38107 or Noreen Smith, 3724 Oakley Ave., Memphis 38111. [VoL. 45, 1974] 86 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER t LARK SPARROWS NESTING IN OBION COUNTY David Pitts A pair of Lark Sparrows {Chondestes grammacus) successfully nested in |[ Obion County, six miles west of Troy, in 1974. The Lark Sparrows nested in j a 20 acre cattle pasture on rolling hills. The vegetation remained short during | the spring and summer months. I observed Lark Sparrows in the area on ten I occasions. A single Lark Sparrow flushed during heavy rain on 21 April. Two It Lark Sparrows were together, and one individual was singing, on 5 and 6 May. j The two individuals differed considerably in plumage. One showed the typical plumage of adult Lark Sparrows as illustrated in most field guides. The plum- age of the other individual was much duller, especially on the head region, | and the breast spot was barely distinguishable. I did not observe the duller | individual singing, and I believe it to have been the female. Standard field : guides (e.g., Peterson, 1947; Pough, 1949) and references (Bent, 1968; ' Chapman, 1966) state or imply that sexes are similar in all plumages through- || out the year. However, Lawne (1946) and Williams (1971) also observed jl pairs of Lark Sparrows in Tennessee in which one individual was distinctly | duller than the other. | On 11 May a male Blue Grosbeak {Guhaca caerulea) and a Lark Sparrow | chased a female Brown-headed Cowbird {Molothrus ater) . I found the Lark ! Sparrow nest on 24 May, just before dark. The nest was on the ground on a j northwest facing slope and was almost completely covered by a clump of i White Clover {Trifolium repens) and Fescue {FesHica sp.) approximately 10 [ inches high. The nest contained three large young; both adults closely ap- proached me as I inspected the nest. The nest was empty when I visited it mid- morning of 2 5 May. Both adults were near the nest site and the male ap- J proached to within 10 feet of me. No young were observed. On 29 May the f male Lark Sparrow was in trees southwest of the nest. On 5 June five Lark i Sparrows, two adults and three juveniles, perched on a fence at the south j edge of the pasture. The adults permitted me to approach to within 25 feet, but the young were more wary. Two Lark Sparrows were in the pasture on ' 9 June. One Lark Sparrow was in the pasture on 26 June; I saw no Lark Sparrows after this date despite my frequent visits to the area. Apparently a j second nesting was not attempted. j Although several nests of Lark Sparrows have been found in Tennessee, most have been in Middle Tennessee. The only reference, to my knowledge, of [ Lark Sparrows nesting in West Tennessee is the observation by Coffey (1951) of adults and juveniles in Shelby County. ‘ LITERATURE CITED BENT, A. c. 1968. Life Histories of North American Cardinals, Grosbeaks, | Buntings, Towhees, Finches, Sparrows, and Allies. Part Two. Dover Publica- tions, New York. pp. 8 86-902. I CHAPMAN, F. M. 1966 Handbook of Birds of Eastern North America. Dover | Publications, New York. pp. 529-5 30. j [VoL. 45, 1974] 1974 THE MIGRANT 87 COFFEY, B. B. 1951. The Season: Memphis Area. Migrant 22:45-46. LAYNE, J. N. 1946. Field notes from the Smyrna Area. Migrant 17:19-21. PETERSON, R. T. 1947. A field guide to the Birds. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, p. 233. WILLIAMS, M. D. 1971. Lark Sparrows Nesting in Lawrence County. Migrant 42:32. Biology Department, University of Tennessee at Martin, Martin 3 8237. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ THE TENNESSEE RAPTOR NESTING SURVEY Under the stimulation of the Tennessee Ornithological Society the Ten- nessee Wildlife Resources Agency’s Nongame Section is initiating a monitoring program to record the reproductive success of our Birds of prey. The immedi- ate effort for the 1975 season will be the recording on the Cornell Nest Card the results of any raptor reproduction observed. Future goals of the program will include an intense literature search of what has been learned in the past with an eye to making the survey reflect accurately present trends in raptor breeding success. It is now a well known fact pesticides have played a key role in the near extinction of the Peregrine Falcon {Falco peregrm e-Sparrow: Mourning Dove: nest with 2 dove and 3 grackle eggs', later 1 dove and 1 grackle young, Eliz. (GE) ; Black-billed Cuckoo: 19 May (1) CC (JMC, JCH); Barn Owl: 29 May (nest, 3 young) SeV (LSF); 3 nests, 12-15 young, K (MDW) ; 2 nests, JC (GE) Red-headed Woodpecker: 1-3 reg. near ETSU (SC); 1 nest with young, Lenoir City (WJ) ; Willow Fly- catcher: 19 May (1) AM (KLD); 1-4 reg. at AS (GE) ; 5 nests, AIM (MDW); Horned Lark: 20 May (2) Er. (MD, HD, SG, EC); Cedar Wax- wing: 20-21 May (10) Chatt (KD); 19 May (3), 9 June (1) CC (JMC, JCH); 14 and 17 June (2) K (BR) ; Bobolink: 18 May (1) AM (KLD); Red-winged Blackbird: 89 nests (100% mortality due to high water and other factors) AIM (MDW); Rose-breasted Grosheak: 28 May (1) LM (GLB); Bachman’s Sparrow: 17 and 21 July (2) McLemore’s Cove, Walker Co., Ga. "seeming to feed young, but no nest or young found; had food in mouth.” (GLB and DRJ). Observers: FA — Fred Alsop; GLB — Gary L. Bayne; JMC — James M. Campbell; MD — Martha Dillenbeck; HD — Helenhill Dove; KD — Ken Dubke; LD— Lil Dubke; KLD— Ken and Lil Dubke; GE— Glen Eller; HF— Harry Farthing; SG — Sally Goodin; JCH — J. C. Howell; DRJ — ^Daniel R. Jacobson; WJ — Wesley James; DL — Dick Lura; DJL — Dick and Joyce Lura; CPN — Charles P. Nicholson; EO — Elizabeth Os'bourn; BR — Bob Rountree; LSF — Lee Shafer Family; GW— Gary Wallace; JW— Jane Whitehead; MDW— Morris D. Williams; RW — ^Roger Woodruff. Locations: AIM — Alcoa Marsh; AM — Amnicola Marsh; AS — Austin Springs; CC — Campbell County; Eliz — Elizabethton; Er — Erwin; HRA — Hi- wassee River Area; JC — Johnson City; K — Knoxville; LM — Lookout Moun- tain, Ga.; LV — Lookout Valley; MP — Morse Pond, Ga.; SB — Savannah Bay; SeV — Sequatchie Valley; TRG — Tennessee River Gorge; WC — ^Washington County. c. p. NICHOLSON, 6806 Haverhill Drive, Knoxville 37919. EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION— The weather for the period was "very normal” in all aspects. Several of the more common species had at least two successful hatchings and in some cases a third brood was attempted with apparently good success. [VoL. 45, 1974] 104 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER Around the Elizabethton area we are still seeing signs of a Purple Martin decline. What few birds that did arrive and nest this year were very successful, but their overall population numbers are down considerably from past years. Is this trend being observed statewide? We still need more reports from the lower half of this region in order to ! give an overall composite picture of the area. Are you really doing "YOUR PART” to help The Migrant? j Heron-Creeper: Black-crowned Night Heron: 23 July (1 imm) Wat.R 'j (GE). Bufflehead: (last) 19 May (2) Wil.L (HE). Wild Turkey: 29 May 1 (1) IM (SG) Am. Coot: (last) 19 May (1) Wil.L (HE). Solitary Sandpiper: j (early return) 20 July (1) GLP (GW). Black-billed Cuckoo: (only spring | report) 2 June (1) Wat.L (GE). Barn Owl: 13 June (1) E (GE). Barred II Owl: 2 July (1) singing) Hump Mtn. (EWB) 5 July (1) SM (DJ). Yellow- | bellied Sapsucker: 6 July (1) SM (DJ). Raven: 16 June (1) RM (DW), 7 July (3) RM (EWB and TMS). Brown Creeper: 22 June (1) RM (DW); ; 6 July (1) BG (DJ); 7 July (1) WM (DJ). j Gnat catcher -Sparrow: Blue-gray Gnatcatcher: 22 June (1) HS (GW). [ Cedar Waxwing: is this another bird on the decline? Cedar Waxwing: 6 July | (1) SM (DJ). Prothonotary Warbler: 21 May (1) Milligan College (GW). Swainson’s Warbler: 1 June (1) RCP (GE, LREf and HP), 30 June (1) IM 1 (SG). Golden-winged Warbler: 25 May (3) RMSP (EWB and TMS). Black- ! poll Warbler: 24 May (1) HS (GW). Prairie Warbler: 16 May (1) E (GE). || Northern Waterthrush: 24 May (2) HS (GW and GE). Rose-breasted Gros- beak: 6 July (1) SM (DJ) ; 7 July (2) WM (DJ). Blue Grosbeak: 1 June [ (1) Powder Branch (GE, LRH and HP). Evening Grosbeak: (last date) 19 | May (3) E (GE). Vine Siskin: 15 June (5) RM (EWB), 16 June (2) RM (DW), 7 July (3) RM (EWB). Vesper Sparrow: 10 July (2) RM | (EWB). !' Locations: BG — Beech Gap, Cherokee Nat’l Porest, E — Elizabethton area, | GLP — Great Lakes Pond, HS — Hunter Swamp, IM — Iron Mtn., RCP— -Rock ! Creek Park, RM. — ^Roan Mtn., RMSP — Roan Mtn. State Park, SM — Stratton j Meadows, Cherokee Nat’l. Porest, Wat.L — Watauga Lake, Wat.R — Watauga River, Wil.L— Wilbur Lake, WM— Whigg Meadows, Cherokee Nat’l. Porest. , Observers: EWB — Pred W. Brehend, GE — Glen Eller, HP — Harry Earth- | ing, SG — Sally Goodin, LRH — Lee Herndon, DJ — Daniel Jacobson, TMS — Tommy and Maxie Swindell, DW — Diane Wilson, GW — Gary Wallace. | GLEN D. ELLER, Rt. ifp 3 , Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton 37643. [VoL. 45, 1974] PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION The purpose of THE MIGRANT is the recording of observations and original information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state of Tennessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders. Contributors should prepare manuscripts and submit them in a form ac- ceptable to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes are solicited but their format should be somewhat different. Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for publication are given herewith. MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and not submitted for publication elsewhere. TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive. STYLE: Recent issues of THE MIGRANT should be used as a guide in the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is needed reference should be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals available from the Ameri- can Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue N. W., Wash- ington, D. C. 20016. COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8} x 11” paper with adequate margins, for editorial notations, and should contain only entries intended for setting in type, except the serial page number. Tabular data should be entered on separate sheets with appropriate title and column headings. Photographs intended for reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on glossy white paper in black and white (not in color). Instructions to the editors should be given on a separate sheet. Weights and measurements should be in metric units. Dating should be in "continental” form (e.g., 7 March 1968). NOMENCLATURE: Common names should be capitalized followed by binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text for both regular articles and Round Table Notes, and should conform to the A.O.U. Check-list 5th edition, 1957 and its Thirty-second Supplement. Trinomial should be used only after the specimen has been measured or com- pared with typical specimens. BIBLIOGRAPHY: When there are more than five references in an article, they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be appropriately included in the text. SUMMARY: Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum- marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from the work performed. IDENTIFICATION: Rare or unusual species identification to be accept- able must be accompanied by verifying evidence. This should include: date, time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment, distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying observation and reference works consulted. REPRINTS: Reprints are available on request. Reprint requests should accompany article at the time of submission. Billing to authors will be through the state T.O.S. Treasurer. Books for review and articles for publication should be submitted to the editor. Seasonal reports and items should be forwarded to the appropriate departmental editor whose name and address will be found on the inside front cover. CONTENTS Fossil Birds of Tennessee. James X. Corgan 81 Lark Sparrows Nesting in Obion County. David Pitts 86 The Tennessee Raptor Nesting Survey 87 T.O.S. Board of Directors Meeting. Martha Waldron, Secretary 88 Reelfoot Lake Eagle Watch. Kenneth H. and Lillian Dubke 90 Round Table Notes ’ • Notes on a Summer Loon Record for Rutherford County. Jon E. DeVore 92 Whistling Swans Winter at Columbia. George Mayfield, Jr, 93 Brant (Branta bernicla) in Shelby County. Ben B, Coffey, Jr 93 Second Record of Cinnamon Teal in Tennessee. David H, Snyder 94 Purple Gallinule Nesting at Goose Pond, Grundy County. Kenneth H. Dubke , 94 Marbled Godwit at Savannah Bay, Chickamauga Lake. Kenneth H. Dubke 95 Sanderlings at the Gallatin Steam Plant. Kev. William Senter 95 Northern Phalarope in LFpper East Tennessee. Glen D. Eller 96 House Finches at Knoxville. Charles P. Nicholson 96 Some Observations of a Sparrow Roost in Middle Tennessee. Jon E. DeVore 97 Nesting Records (1974) from Lawrence County. Morris D, Williams .. 98 The Season. Edited by Fred /. Alsop, 111 100 Western Coastal Plai^ Region. Martha Waldron 100 Central Plateau and Basin Region. Morris D: Williams 101 Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. Charles P. Nicholson 102 Eastern Mountain Region. Glen D. Eller 103 Wi'W, QU/\RTER.LY JOURNAL miMtifum iWirlpS® mimmmi Pii r ^ijtlislied 'thetennesseeI^ ORNITHOLOGICAL|ti k SOCIETY ^ V ftiwipni " T'rV^ " -^' «'<»?■ V S®#!jS®« is^'iiSte. PP^pfi? iV', •••! -:-;-.l*M5*;-. i«!^ g^fi' lARCH, 1975 VOL. 46, NO. 1 ril THE MIGRANT A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1930 Published By THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1915 A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization. EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR DR. GARY O. WALLACE Rt. 7, Box 338, Sunrise Dr., Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643 *‘THE SEASON” EDITOR DR. FRED J. ALSOP, III Rt. 6, 302 Evergreen St., Church Hill, Tenn. 37642 “STATE COUNT COMPILER” MORRIS D. WILLIAMS Box 25, Five Points, Tenn. 38457 OFFICERS FOR 1973-75 PRESIDENT MRS. ARLO SMITH 3724 Oakley Ave., Memphis, Tenn. 38111 VICE-PRESIDENT, EAST TENN GLEN ELLER Rt. 3, Grandview Terrace, EHzabethton, Tenn. 37643 VICE-PRESIDENT, MIDDLE TENN BILL SENTER 313 West Hill Dr., Lebanon, Tenn. 37087 VICE-PRESIDENT, WEST TENN MISS ALICE SMITH Apt. 6, 414 N. Claybrook St., Memphis, Tenn. 38104 DIRECTORS- AT-LARGE : EAST TENN BRENT ROWELL 2227 Edgemont Ave., Bristol, Tenn. 37620 MIDDLE TENN MRS. GAITHER GRAY 1510 Hatcher Lane, Columbia, Tenn. 38401 WEST TENN DON MANNING 103 Stonewall Circle, McKenzie, Tenn. 38201 CURATOR JAMES T. TANNER Rt. 28, Box 155, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920 SECRETARY MRS. JAMES WALDRON 1626 Yorkshire Dr., Memphis, Tenn. 38117 TREASURER KENNETH H. DUBKE Rt. 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah, Tenn. 37363 Annual dues, $4.00; Sustaining, $7.50; Life, $100.00; Student, $3.00; Family, $5.00; (chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses). Dues, contributions, and be- quests are deductible from Federal income and estate taxes. Back numbers may be had from Dr. James T. Tanner, Rt. 28, Box 15 5, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920. Correspond with the Treasurer for subscriptions, memberships, and changes of address. Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by Mallicote Printing Inc., 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620, U.S.A. Postage paid and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643, U.S.A. THE MIGRANT Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society, to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee. Issued in March, June, September, and December. VOL. 46 MARCH, 1975 NO. 1 COMMON GALLINULE NESTING IN EAST TENNESSEE Morris D. Williams On 26 May 1970 Fred Alsop and I located a nest containing seven eggs and one downy young in a small marsh at the Powell Airport in Knox County, Tennessee. We were aware that J. C. Howell had found King Rails (Rallus elegans) nesting in this area in the early 1950’s (Howell and Monroe, 1957). Although we never saw an adult bird around this nest, I doubt that it ever occurred to either of us that we had found anything other than a King Rail nest. Subsequently, Alsop (1970) published a note describing this as the first King Rail nest in Knox County in 18 years (see this article for more details regarding the nest and nest site). In the years following this discovery, I located and photographed about seven clutches of King Rail eggs in the Alcoa Marshes of Blount County. A comparison of these photographs with those that I had made of the Knox County nest showed that the K^nox County eggs had a much darker background color than any of the other King Rail eggs; furthermore the young from the Knox County nest fit the published descriptions of the young Common Gal- linule (Gallmula chloropus) better than the descriptions of other marsh Birds. The young bird as depicted in my photographs had black down which was rather sparse on the crown. The skin at the base of the bill was bright red; the bill was white. The feathers on the chin were orange. The feet and legs were pink, or flesh-colored. Bent (1926) described the downy young Common Gal- linule as ". . . nearly bald, the crown being very scantily covered with black hairlike down; the skin at the base of the bill is bright red; the black down on the chin and throat is tipped with curly whitish hairs. . . .” Roberts (195 5 ) described it as, "Black, with curly hair-like feathers on throat and around base of bill tipped with white; top of head largely bare . . . skin about base of bill reddish. Bill red, tipped with black.” To corroborate my reidentification of this nest, I sent copies of the photo- graphs along with all the information I had regarding the nest, including a copy of Alsop’s article, to several authorities. A reply from Marshall A. Howe, Acting Chief, Bird Section, U. S. National Museum, dated 13 January 1975, stated in part, "The information supplied is not adequate for us to make a positive identification, but Common Gallinule seems to be the likeliest pos- [VoL. 46, 1975] 2 THE MIGRANT MARCH sibility.” Howe was puzzled by the orange feathers on the chin; he questioned whether this color might have been due to egg yolk. A letter from Brooke Meanley, Research Biologist, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, dated 24 January 1975, said, "The photographs are of young gallinules, and probably Common Gallinules. They certainly are not of King Rails.” A reply from John Farrand, Jr., Dept, of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, dated 18 February 1975 stated in part, "The nest, eggs and downy young in the two photographs are, as you suspected, those of the Common Gallinule . . . the photograph of the newly-hatched young bird leaves no doubt as to the identification. The red flesh at the base of the bill, the light-colored down on the chin, and the fact that the down on the crowp is sparse and 'plastered down’ are all diagnostic characters of the downy young Common Gallinule.” Farrand, too, was puzzled by the color of the down on the chin. In all of the American Museum specimens this down was whitish. Farrand suggested that the color might have faded in the museum specimens. He also suggested that the various published descriptions might have been based on museum specimens. An alter- nate suggestion was that newly-hatched birds have orange down on the chin which fades to whitish within a few days. I would appreciate receiving information regarding down color from anyone who has seen newly-hatched Common Gallinules. The Common Gallinule has been found breeding previously in Tennessee only at Reelfoot Lake. Several records of nests and young exist for that region (Ganier, 1933; Whittemore, 1937; Pickering, 1941; Spofford, 1941; Mengel, 1965:233). In addition, Rhoads (1895:473) considered the "lead-colored dumpy duck,” which Benjamin Miles included among the breeding species of the Brownsville area, to be the Common Gallinule. I have located 14 published records of the Common Gallinule in East Ten- nessee. Nine of these records were made between 14 April and 20 May (Howell and Monroe, 1957; Comstock, 1961; Nevius, 1963a, 1963b; Owen, 1967; Campbell, 1971 [this date should be 29 April 1971, not 24 April as stated]; Rowell, 1972; Nicholson, 1973). There are three late spring and summer rec- ords for the area. Nevius and Nevius (1957) recorded one in Greene County on 10 June 1957. Howell and Monroe (1957) presented two summer records for Knox County, one each on 2 5 June and 1 July 1950. The two remaining East Tennessee records were made in October (Herndon, 1951; Howell and Monroe, 1957). In the future Common Gallinules should be regarded as possible breeding birds rather than only as migrants or stragglers. Extreme caution should be exercised in identifying unfamiliar nests when the adult birds are not seen. The importance of photography in field ornithology is once again manifested. Without color photographs this record would never have been uncovered. I am grateful to the individuals and institutions mentioned who examined my photographs. LITERATURE CITED ALsop, FRED j. 1970. King Rails in Knox County. Migrant, 41 (3) :64-65. bent, a. c. 1926. Life histories of North American marsh birds. U. S. National Museum, Bull. 13 5. p. 3 51. [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 3 ! CAMPBELL, JAMES M. 1971. The scason. Eastern Ridge and Valley Region, j I Migrant y 42(2) :46-47. COMSTOCK, ROCK. 1961. The season. Chattanooga. Migrant, 32(3):43-44. ' GANiER, A. F. 1933. Water birds of Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee. Tenn. Avifauna, No. 2. HERNDON, LEE R. 1951. The season. Elizabethton. Migrant, 22(1):17-18. HOWELL, J. c. AND M. B. MONROE. 1957. Birds of Knox County. ]o^Lr. Tenn. Acad. Sci., 32(4) :247-322. I MENGEL, ROBERT M. 196 5. The birds of Kentucky. Ornithological Monographs No. 3. American Ornithologists’^ Union. 581 pp. I NEVius, RICHARD. 1963a. The 1963 spring field days. Greeneville. Migrant, \ 34(2):28, 29, 31. NEVIUS, RICHARD. 1963b. The season. Greeneville. Migrant, 34(4):74-75. I NEVIUS, RUTH, AND RICHARD NEVIUS. 1957. The season. Greeneville. Migrant, ' 28(3):44-45. NICHOLSON, CHARLES p. 1973.. The season. Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. I 44(2):51-53. OWEN, J. B. 1967. The 1967 spring field days. Knoxville. Migrant, 38(2) :32, 36. PICKERING, CHARLES F. 1941. Interesting days on Reelfoot Lake, Migrant, I 12(2):24-26. RHOADS, SAMUEL N. 1895. Contributions to the zoology of Tennessee, No. 2, Birds. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. of Philadelphia. 463-501. i ROBERTS, THOMAS s. 195 5. Manual for the identification of the birds of Minne- sota and neighboring states. Univ. of Minnesota Press, p. 549. ROWELL, BRENT. 1972. The season. Eastern Mountain Region. Migrant, 43 (2):55. SPOFFORD, WALTER R. 1941. A day at Reelfoot Lake. Migrant, 12(4):74. WHiTTEMORE, WENDELL L. 1937. Summer birds of Reelfoot Lake. Jour. Tenn. Acad. Sci., 12 ( 1 ) :1 14-128. Department of Zoology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37916. CORRECTIONS The Migrant 45:31, 1974. Line 13 should read 30 October at WSM, not 26 October. The Migrant 45:58, 1974. Line 21 of Table 1 opposite Tennessee Warbler add the following dates: 5 Oct. (2); 6 Oct. (1, 7); 8 Oct. (1); 15 Oct. (1); 17 Oct. (1). [VoL. 46, 1975] 4 THE MIGRANT MARCH EASTERN BLUEBIRD NESTING AT ASHLAND CITY, 1974 Martha F. Herbert and Mary Ann Stephens This report is a continuation of the reports on the nestings of Eastern Bluebirds (Siaiia sialis) in the Neptune community of Ashland City 1968-1973 by Amelia R. Laskey and Martha F. Herbert. Nest building started in late March with the first nest being complete on 22 March. On 31 March, there were five eggs in the nest. The last active nest in the fall was on 4 August. The last young for the season were banded on 3 September. This year there were sixty-nine boxes available for occupation and sixty- seven of these were active sometime during the nesting season of March to September. Twenty of these boxes had three nestings, 34 of the boxes had two nestings and 14 of the boxes had only one nesting. This left two boxes not being occupied at all. One of these was probably empty due to the cats living in the area near by. There is no obvious reason for the other. In the sixty-seven active boxes, there was a total of 596 eggs laid. Of this number, 408 of the eggs developed young that were banded. This shows a success rate of 67 percent. There were a total of 126 clutches laid and 96 of these were successful. Of the 596 eggs, 575 of them were the usual blue com- mon to bluebird eggs, but 21 of these were pure white. These white eggs were found in five separate clutches, three of the clutches being in the same box. Three of these five clutches were successful, one disappeared, completely and the Other was abandoned. One nest about the middle of the season contained one small egg about half the size of the three other normal-sized eggs in the nest with it. This egg was the usual blue color natural to bluebird eggs. There was one nest of Carolina Chickadee (Pams carolmensis) producing six young in one bluebird box. Encroachment by the House Sparrow (Passer domeSticus) was limited to two boxes this year. Both boxes later produced successful bluebird nests. In addition to the 69 boxes available, some of the bluebirds nested in Purple Martin houses in the area. These are nOt included in the above statistics. One bluebird nest was found in an old Thermos bottle hanging on a porch by the front door. This has been used for several years and this year produced three eggs and three young were banded. There were two instances, in completely different parts of the area included in the report, where clutches of eggs were laid on the bottom of the boxes with no nest at all. Both of these clutches were abandoned and did not hatch. There were six instances of snake predation on bluebird nests. One box contained two snakes at the same time. Upon checking another box, the snake was found to still be inside. The hole was closed up to prevent the snake from leaving, but it forced the cover from the opening and escaped. Vandalism to the boxes was not as noticeable this year as in some past. One box was completely removed, post and all, and carried away. At another box young children were suspected of disturbing the nest which was deserted, but [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 5 there was another successful nest huilt there later in the season. There was one possibility of insecticide poisoning in a box near a garden where the female and three young were found dead on the nest. On 8 July, an immature bluebird was observed flying down from a power- line with food in its beak and entering a bluebird box occupied by two nest- lings. It then flew away from the box without the material in its beak. Route 5, Box 167, Ashland City 37015; 1262 Hillwood Drive, Clarksville 37040. NINTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM AND FALL MEETING TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY 10-11-12 OCTOBER, 1975 HOLIDAY HILLS RESORT, CROSSVILLE, TENNESSEE 3855 5 Thirty-two rooms with two double beds each are reserved. A few cabins are also being held at Cumberland State Park. TOS members should make their own individual reservations. To be sure you get accommodations make your reservations early. Be sure to state that you are with TOS. All meetings will be at Holiday Hills Resort. Holiday Hills Resort ph. 484-1017; Cumberland State Park ph. 484-613 8. 11 October, Saturday 08:00 — Field trip from Holiday Hills parking lot. 13:30-15:00 — Board of Directors Meeting. 15:00-17:00 — ^ Paper session. 17:30-19:00 — ■ Supper. 19:00-22:00^ — Paper session. 12 October, Sunday 08:00 — Field trip from Holiday Hills parking lot. For further details about the meeting contact Kenneth H. Dubke, Route 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah, Tennessee 37363 or George R. Mayfield, Jr., Maury County Hospital, Columbia, Tennessee 3 8401. [VoL. 46, 197S] 6 THE MIGRANT MARCH THE 1974 CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNTS Morris D. Williams Approximately 375 observers participated in 24 organized counts across the state between 14 December 1974 and 5 January 1975 during the 44th annual Christmas Bird Count in Tennessee. About 15 million birds representing 131 species were recorded. The species total is the third highest ever recorded in Tennessee on the Christmas Counts. The Yellow-breasted Chat and the Indigo Bunting appear on the Christmas Counts for the first time. Both of these species, however, have been recorded previously in Tennessee in the winter. Counts were conducted in Ashland City and Manchester for the first time this year. For the first time in recent years a count was not made at Savannah. In some instances in order to fit the data into the columns, I have rounded the figures and used symbols. One should realize that the high numbers of Starlings, blackbirds, and Common Crackles are crude estimates and are subject to a high degree of error. As usual the counts are tabulated in the order of their occurrence from west to east across the state. INFORMATION ON THE COUNTS MEMPHIS — 15 Dec.; 06:30 to 17:00; mostly clear; temp. 43° to 51°; wind NW, 0-7 mph; 2 5 observers in 8 parties. 5 8 party-hours (3 8 on foot, 20 by car); 142 party-miles (41 on foot, 101 by car). Le'Conte’s Sparrow by BBC. Harris’ Sparrow by NS. Seen in count period: Rough-legged Hawk, House Wren. David Brown, Tiny and Ed Carpenter, Lula and Ben B. Coffey (compilers — 672 N. Belvedere, Memphis 3 8107), Julian Darlington, Mary Davant, Fred Dickson, Helen and Henry Dinkelspiel, Frances Dowdy, John Embury, Billy Grimm, Lee Johnson, Allan Larrabee, Jerald Ledbetter, Ernest Restivo, Harry Sayle, Alice Smith, Arlo and Noreen Smith, Richard Taylor, Martha Waldron, Wendell Whittemore, Richard Whittington. REELFOOT — 21 Dec.; 07:00 to 16:30; clear; temp. 3 5° to 50°; wind NW, 7-12 mph; 12 observers in 6 parties; 50 party-hours (16 on foot, 29j by car, 4^ by boat) plus 1 observer at feeder for 4 hours; 363 party-miles (22 on foot, 329 by car, 12 by boat). White-fronted Goose by Mannings. Rough-legged Hawk by CM and BS. Common Yellowthroat by CL. Indigo Bunting by DP. Seen in count week: Osprey, Common Snipe, Fish Crow (3 identified by call by DM, I omitted two Fish Crows from the count because they were identified by size alone — MDW), Vesper Sparrow. [VoL. 46, 1975] THE 1974 CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNTS 1975 THE MIGRANT 7 Red-talled Hawk 8 THE MIGRANT MARCH I I I I I I i I j i eg- I I 5 i I I I I I \ \ '^^ \ ! 1 111!! 14 560 1 1 j 0\ CO (S *4“ 1 "* 1 5 93 172 44 36 1 2 I i 15! ! 1 i 1-51- 1 1 ! 1 ! 61 150 7 ! 11 5 44 8 8 93 2 348 219 116 28 4 12 !-!§! 1 1-"-^?! 11 37 1 1 1 1 i 131 178 2 4 4 15555 1 6 25 2 !5!5! 149 117 15 6 5 1 1 1 S ! 1 1 ! 1 ! 1 ! 232 2 1 1 cs rj H LI 1 j !5I5I 40 15 1 4 I'lS- ! -^s'l S 27 61 3 17 1 1 '“S 1 14 153 2 1 7 37 8 9 8 20 6 11 1 6 92 114 55 \^ \ ^\ ! 1 I S ! 1 ! 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 9 240 5 2 12 6 20 1 i -g ! !3 12 ! 37 59 13 2 2 1 - 1 g ! ! 1 S ! ^ 1^-1 1 150 25 1 1 1 r CS 40 H I !5!S! 20 28 1 1 1 i 1 ” ! 1 11 73 i JSS 1 i 1 1 ! 1 75 268 2 4 3 3 11 21 4 17 2 7 5 18 23 172 133 146 126 3 2 ^ 1 *'^5 i ! i - 35 20 1 7 111!! 15 11"* 1 18 10 ! S ! 5 1 1 5 !5 ! 1 i 1 g ! ! --g 1 313 137 9 22 236 251 112 145 3 12 53 5 19 14 2 26 7 94 110 110 62 1 2 3 1 "*-5 1 1-515 115 15 1 ! ! 1 1 !J!S 1 1 1 5 17 12 26 11 4 4 25 12 174 82 55 32 2 7 1 ! ! g ! 1-^15 33 55 1 ! ! 1 1 ! 92 143 4 2 "*S55S 6 37 18 104 2 320 159 21 1 8 3 7 111 ! -5 1 S 940 9 2 111!! 23 38 1 6 7 4 9 29 17 53 3 14 12 48 1 2 63 87 1 2 2 32 1 14 24 11111 ! 1 1 ! ! SS ! ! "^ i ^S5S 2 3 5 10 !5!5! coco 1 , H !!!'*=! 1 *^5 ! S - 1 S 1 ! 1 1 ! ! 15 150 2 1 2 6 5 16 6 27 206 183 M 00 H (S 00 ! ^=-5 1 6 18 137 1 1 S 1 5 ! 1 1 ! 1 18 169 2 1 5552 2 21 9 38 3 is!“* 108 86 2 6 I ^"5 ! 1 i 1 5 1 5 1 ! 1 ! ! 1- ! 10 7 1 5 !-"*5 ! i§ ! 40 25 4 !!!"'! 39 2 16 24 '"S5 1 1 41 229 3 1 13 4 70 30 67 o ^ CO ^ in IS 1 159 45 7 5 ! g ! 5 ! 1 I 5 79 73 ! ! 1 ! ! -s ! ! - 2 149 10 69 ”55^ ! 55!51 211 60 2 3 14 |g 15- »^|if ijll Prt al--- illil llirl iilli iiili ill [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 9 [VoL. 46, 1975] total of 264 chickadees of both species were seen. 10 THE MIGRANT MARCH Fourteen of the Bald Eagles were immature. Wendell Crews, Gerald Ledbetter, Don and Gina Manning (compilers — 103 Stonewall Circle, McKenzie 38024), David Pitts, Alice Smith, Arlo and Noreen Smith, Harry Smith, Martha Smith, Bettie Sumara, Martha Waldron, Richard Wallace. DOVER — 31 Dec.; 06:30 to 16:00; cloudy with showers; temp. 56° to 64°; two observers in 1 party; 74 party-miles (72 by car, 2 on foot). Seen in count period: Redhead, Canvasback, Barred Owl, Pine Siskin. John W. Sexton (compiler — ^Route 1, Dover 3705 8), Gary O. Wallace. CLARKSVILLE — 21 Dec.; 06:45 to 16:30; mostly clear; temp. 30° to 50°; wind SW, 5-10 mph; 21 observers in 5 parties; 44 party-hours (21-2/3 on foot, 22^ by car) plus 12 observers at feeders for a total of 12 hours; 279 party-miles (19 on foot, 260 by car). Joe Allen, Andy Barrass, Gabriele Black, David Chiles, Adney Cross, Mike Dinsmore, Mike Filson, Floyd Ford, Scott Gunn, Jerold Harris, Nita Heilman, Kathy Lee, Tony Mahoney, James Majors, Bill and Gloria Milliken, Millie Perry, David Snyder (compiler — Dept, of Biology, Austin Peay State Univ., Clarks- ville 37040), Juanita Snyder, Mary Ann Stephens, Juaquin Walling. LAWRENCE COUNTY — 26 Dec.; 07:00 to 17:00; mostly cloudy with light rain in p.m.; temp. 25° to 37°; wind, light and yariable; 11 observers in 4 parties; 42 party-hours (15 on foot, 27 by car) plus 1 observer at feeder for four hours; 190 party-miles (13 on foot, 177 by car). Lloyd Clayton (compiler — Route 4, Box 175A, Lawrenceburg 3 8464). Helen Clayton, Tom Hull, David Ihrie, George Mayfield, Jr., Delton Porter, Paul Porter, Ralph Ring, Don Simbeck, Morris Williams, Wylie Willis. ASHLAND CITY — ^(new count) 36° 19’N, 87° 7’W, centered at bridge on state hwy. 12 over Sycamore Creek, 4 miles NW of Ashland City Court House. Habitat coverage: lakes and riversides 30%, brushy fields 20%, culti- vated fields 18%, woodland 16%, pastures 6%, swamps 7%, residential 3%. 21 Dec.; 06:00 to 18:30; clear; temp. 25° to 45°; wind SSW, 5-15 mph; 6 observers in 4 parties; 49^ party-hours (43 on foot, 6^ by car); 50 party- miles (18 on foot, 32 by car). Seen count week: Sharp-shinned Hawk, Long-eared Owl, Horned Lark, White-breasted Nuthatch. Craig Empson, Johnny Herbert, James Holt, Richard Holt, Robert Milburn, Rocky Milburn (compiler — ^R. R. 1, Hwy. 49, Ashland City 37015). COLUMBIA — 28 Dec.; 05:00-22:00; overcast; temp. 45° to 52°; wind, E, 0-5 mph; 13 observers in 4 parties (1 at feeder); 28 party-hours (20 on foot, 8 by car) ; 201 party-miles (18 on foot, 183 by car). Seen in count period: White-breasted Nuthatch, Cedar Waxwing, Vesper Sparrow. [VoL, 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 11 Kenneth Anderson, Ed Byassee, Barbara Finney, William Fugua, Dan Gray, Jr. (compiler — Maury County Hospital, Columbia 38401), Mark Mayfield, Rad Mayfield III. NASHVILLE — 28 Dec.; 06:00 to 21:00; overcast, intermittent light rain; temp. 40° to 48°; wind NW, 4 mph; 34 observers in 13 parties; 102 party- hours (36 on foot, 66 by car) plus 6 observers at feeders for a total of 48 hours; 3 53 party-miles (36 on foot, 317 by car). Yellow-breasted Chat carefully identified by William and Lucy Finch. Seen count week: Mallard, Common Goldeneye. Clyde and Vivian Anderson, Sue Bell, Michael Bierly, Ruth Castles, Eliza- beth Collins, Paul and Dot Crawford, Annella Creech, Milbrey Dugger, Mrs. Nelson Elam, John and Evelyn Ellis, Lou and Louann Farrell, William and Lucy Finch, Katherine Goodpasture, Ben Groce, John Herbert, Louise Jackson, Margaret Mann, Randy Martin, Oscar and Marjorie Patrick, Shirley Patterson, Win Shaughnessy (compiler — 6413 Currywood Dr., Nashville 37205), Pat Stallings, Anna Thomas, Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Walkup, Virginia Workman. SPRINGFIELD — 22 Dec.; 06:30 to 18:30; clear; temp. 30° to 56°; wind SE, 5-15 mph; 17 observers in 10 parties; 47 party-hours (9 on foot, 3 8 by car); 221 party-miles (10 on foot, 211 by car). Seen count period: Cedar Waxwing. Nancy and Richard Coleman, Robert Fitz, Mr. and Mrs. J. Gunn, James Holt (compiler — Box 250, Springfield 37172), Richard Holt, Robert Holt, Irene Johnson, Mr. and Mrs. George Laughlin, Charles Ralph, Russell Sawyers, Betty and Odis Swallows, Barbara and Jack Werner. HICKORY-PRIEST — 21 Dec.; 04:00 to 17:00; clear, temp. 31° to 52°; wind SW, 0-20 mph; 16 observers in 6 parties; 56 party-hours (20 on foot, 28 by car, 8 by boat) plus 3 observers at feeders for a total of 5 hours; 219 party-miles (21 on foot, 183 by car, 15 by boat). Seen count week: Barred Owl. Vivian Anderson, Sue Bell, Michael Bierly (compiler — 2415 Crestmoor Rd., Nashville 37215). Annella Creech, Milbrey Dugger, Charles Farrell, Sally Fintel, William Fintel, Carol Knauth, Margaret Mann, Randy Martin, Elizabeth Mur- ray, Marge and Oscar Patrick, Virginia Price, Betty Richards, Pat Stallings, Ann Tarbell, Lawrence Trabue. MURFREESBORO — 28 Dec.; 08:00 to 17:00; overcast, intermittent showers, windy; temp. 45° to 50°; two parties by car, 110 miles; one party on foot; 20 feeder observers. Dickcissel seen by Alberta Spence and later by Anne Hettish. Josephine Cantrell, Patrick Doyle, Cleo Edwards, Lou Erwin, Helen Greever, Edith Haynes, Anne Hettish (compiler — 108 Lawndale, Murfreesboro 37130), Bob Hettish, Linda Johnson, Maxie Jones, Pat Martin, Maud McClain, Ruth Odum, Elizabeth Pendleton, Alberta Spence. [VoL. 46, 1975} 12 THE MIGRANT MARCH LEBANON — 21 Dec.; 06:00 to 22:00; clear; temp. 3 8° to 52°; wind W, 5-20 mph; 10 observers in 9 parties; 33^ party-hours (17^ on foot, 15^ by car, 2 by airplane) plus 12 observers at feeders for a total of 15 hours; 305 party- miles (13 on foot, 247 by car, 12 by airplane). I omitted 2 Broad-winged Hawks from the count after talking with the observer who agreed that she could have been in error — ^MDW. Seen count week: Ring-necked Pheasant, American Woodcock, Common Snipe, Red-winged Blackbird, Rusty Blackbird, Fox Sparrow, Swamp Sparrow. Mrs. R. L. Bain, Mr. and Mrs. Vernon Bailey, Margaret Bouton, Lucille Chambers, Mr. and Mrs. Ed Cunningham, Bobby Gamble, Mildred Gaston, Marjorie Loyd, Mr. and Mrs. Reid McKee, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Osborne, Ray Pope, Nina Reed, Bill Sellars, John Sellars, Loula Mae Sellars, Rev. William Senter (compiler — 313 West Hills Drive, Lebanon 37087), Mr. and Mrs. W. A. Smith, Grace Speck, George Suddarth, Willie Taylor, Tressa Waters, Mary Wharton, Dr. and Mrs. Dean Wilkinson. MANCHESTER^ — 22 Dec.; 07:00 to 16:30; clear; temp. 30° to 56°; wind NE, 0-15 mph; 12 observers in 4 parties; 22^ party-hours (6 on foot, 16^ by car); 267 party-miles (11 on foot, 255 by car). Carroll Barr, Stanley Barr (compiler — ^Rt. 2, Box 475A-1, Estill Springs 373 30), Becky Bingham, Ron Bingham, David Boyd, Effi Boyd, Marjory Harper, Dennis Horn, Ruth Luckado, Susi Millaney, Sanford McGee, Monty Wana- maker. COOKEVILLE — 27 Dec.; 08:00' to 16:00; rainy; temp. 45° to 5 5°. Beulah Clark, Dr. and Mrs. J. O. Cummings, Ernest Halzhauser, R. D. High, Mr. and Mrs. Frazier Jacques, Amy Johnson, Dr. and Mrs. Sidney McGee, M. R. Richmond (compiler — 519 N. Jefferson Ave., Cookeville 3 8501), Roy Sullivan, Thelma Tinnon, F. R. Toline. CHATTANOOGA — 22 Dec.; clear; temp. 30° to 60°; wind, 0-10 mph; 15 observers in 7 parties, plus 6 observers at feeders; 72 party-hours (42 by foot, 30 by car); 606 party-miles (38 by foot, 568 by car). David and Lloyd Anderson, Christine and Gary Baynes, Daniel Beckner, David Beckner, Buster Boswell, Jon and Nancy DeVore, Ken and Lil Dubke (compilers — ^Route 1, Box 134 D, Ooltewah 37363), Jonathan Gibson, Chris Haney, Frank Hixon, Daniel Jacobson, Lemuel Jacobson, Jack and Ruth Lothers, J. Hunter Patterson, Lee Shafer, Mary Tunsberg. HIWASSEE — 1 Jan.; 08:00 to 16:00; cloudy, intermittent rain in a.m., clear p.m.; temp. 5 8° to 50° in p.m.; wind N, 5-20 mph in p.m.; 3 observers in 1 party; 8 party-hours (5 on foot, 3 by car); 50 party-miles (5 on foot, 45 by car) . Jon E. DeVore (compiler — 4922 Sarasota Drive, Hixon 37343), Nancy A. DeVore, Lillian Dubke. NORRIS — 22 Dec.; Greater Knoxville Area Audubon Chapter Members, Mrs. Don Hammer (compiler — 809 Medaris St., Clinton 3-716). [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 13 KNOXVILLE — 15 Dec.; 06:45 to 17:30; overcast, intermittent rain; ^ temp. 34° to 50°; wind, variable, 0-40 mpb; 10 observers in 7 parties; 57^ party-hours (33^ on foot, 24 by car); 252 party-miles (30 on foot, 222 by car) . John Elson, J. C. Howell, Terry McGown, Gary Muflly, Holly Overton, Boyd Sharp, Johneta and Louis Smith, James T. Tanner (compiler — Route 28, Box 15 5, Knoxville 37920), Morris Williams. GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS — 29 Dec.; 16:45 to 17:30; overcast to partly cloudy; temp. 42° to 59°; wind, variable, 1-7 mph, up to 3 5 mph at higher elevations in a.m.; 25 observers in 11 parties; 83 party-hours (37 on foot, 46 by car) plus 2 observers at feeders for a total of 14 hours; 309 party- miles (44 on foot, 265 by car). Winnifred Brown, James Campbell, Glenn Cardwell, Don DeFoe (compiler — Headquarters, G.S.M.N.P., Gatlinburg 37738), Jay DeFoe, Lori DeFoe, Elizabeth French, James Graves, Maurice Grigsby, Joseph C. Howell, Bruk McDonald, Boyd Sharp, Jr., Johneta Smith, Louis Smith, Arthur Stupka, James Tanner, Joe Watson, Clara Mae Wodtke, Bill Williams, Irene Williams. GREENEVILLE — 5 Jan.; 08:00 to 18:00; clear; temp. 22° to 45°; wind, 0-6 mph. O. C. Armitage, B. Barnes, Mrs. Collins, Mrs. Charles Earnest, Mr. and Mrs. William Fischer, Mr. and Mrs. King Gaut, S. B. McGuire, Richard Nevius (compiler — Route 6, Greeneville 37743), Helen Reed, Dr. and Mrs. Royal B. Spees. KINGSPORT — 28 Dec.; 07:30 to 21:00; overcast to partly cloudy, inter- mittent rain; temp. 42° to 46°; wind N, 0-2 5 mph; 14 observers in 12 parties; 54 party-hours (40 on foot, 11 by car, 2 in motorboat, 1 in canoe) plus 2 observers at feeders for a total of 6 hours; 142 party-miles (42 on foot, by car, 20 by boat) . Green Herons were seen by Eugene Scott and Tom Gannaway in different localities. Roy Allen, Tom Bowman (compiler — Bays Mt. Park Nature Interpretive Center, Route 4, Kingsport 37660), Perry Cleveland, David Coat, Charlotte Finucane, Dick Finucane, Tom Finucane, Tom Gannaway, Ed Gift, Hayden Hannabass, Jeff Lappin, Betsy Oglesby, John Peirce, John Peirce, Jr., Eugene Scott, Ann Switzer. ELIZABETHTON — 14 Dec.; 06:30 to 17:30; clear to partly cloudy; temp. 34° to 51°; no wind; 15 observers in 7 parties; 66 party-hours (43 on foot, 23 by car); 337 party-miles (30 on foot, 307 by car). J. C. Browning, Joy Dillenbeck, Martha Dillenbeck, Mrs. George Dove, Glen D. Eller (compiler — Route 3, Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton 37643), Harry Farthing, Sally Goodin, Lee R. Herndon, Richard Lewis, John Martin, Jake Slonaker, Alan Smith, Maxie and Tommy Swindell, Gary O. Wallace. [VoL. 46, 1975] 14 THE MIGRANT MARCH i BRISTOL — 28 Dec.; temp. 41° to 54°; rainy to partly cloudy; 13 ob- servers in 5 parties and 1 feeder observer. F. Rockwell Bingham (compiler — 216 Melody Lane, Bristol 37620). ROAN MOUNTAIN — 24 Dec.; 07:00 to 16:00; cloudy, fog; temp. 41° | to 57°; wind SSW, 5-3 5 mph; snow, trace to 8 inches; 7 observers in 3 parties; 20 party-hours (12 on foot, 8 by car) ; 78 party-miles (16 on foot, 62 by car). I Glen D. Eller (compiler — Route 3, Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton ! 37643), John W. Gray, Bob Herndon, Lee R. Herndon, Alan Smith, Maxie and [ Tommy Swindell. Sharp-shinned Hawk (1), Cooper’s Hawk (1), Hairy Wood- pecker (2), Downy Woodpecker (9), Eastern Phoebe (1), Blue Jay (6), | Common Raven (5), Common Crow (25), Carolina Chickadee (29), Tufted Titmouse (15), White-breasted Nuthatch (10), Red-breasted Nuthatch (46), | Carolina Wren (8), Robin (7), Eastern Bluebird (2), Golden-crowned King- let (4), Ruby-crowned Kinglet (1), House Sparrow (12), Cardinal (5), i Evening Grosbeak (91), Purple Finch (3), Pine Siskin (56), American Gold- i; finch (27), Rufous-sided Towhee (1), Dark-eyed Junco (71), Field Sparrow i' (16), White- throated Sparrow (6), Song Sparrow (18). Total 28 species. ; BIRDS OF THE NASHVILLE AREA |i Third Edition, 1975 I Compiled originally by Henry E. Palmer j' Now available to TOS Members at $1.50 plus postage (16^), to non-mem- |j bers at $2.00. Write Miss Pat Stallings, Box 1301, Nashville, Tennessee J 37202. 1975 THE MIGRANT 15 I A NEW SPECIES FOR TENNESSEE I YELLOW-HEADED BLACKBIRD IN MEMPHIS^A male Yellow- ! headed Blackbird {Xanthocephahis xanthocephahis) appeared at a feeder in eastern Memphis on 10 March 1975, remaining thru 3 May 1975. Mrs. Alice Sims (at 3 572 Northwood Dr.) advised member Genevieve Geren of the bird on 30 March and the latter, on seeing the bird, at once notified other members. I Identification was further verified the next morning by Lula and Ben Coffey, I Helen and Henry Dinkelspiel. Thru the kindness of Mrs. Sims, many members from Memphis and points East, were free to observe the bird at any time. She reported that it arrived early and remained late, each day, indicating that it j roosted at no great distance. It was last seen, all day, 3 May. A watch was kept for it, 4 and 5 May and later. Apparently, this is the first corroborated I report of this species for Tennessee. Ben B. Coffey, Jr., 672 N. Belvedere, Memphis 3 8107. BOOK REVIEW BEHAVIOR AS AN ECOLOGICAL FACTOR. Edited by David E. Davis. Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Inc., Stroudsburg, Pa., 1974. 390 pp. $24.00. — This book is part of the Benchmark Books Publishing Program. It consists of a collection of 27 papers which have significantly influenced the direction of the study of animal behavior as it relates to the environment. The papers in the book consist of both classic and recent papers representing the important developments within the field of animal behavior as an ecological factor. Through the arrangement of the papers the development of this sub- ject is traced from the time of narrow focus on the organism to the point where the whole population’s behavior is treated as a unit with other ecological j factors. Although other organisms are considered, the emphasis is on birds. I The papers have been arranged in five sections: Behavioral Adjustments to j Habitat, Reproductive Behavior, Social Behavior, Behavior of Populations, and Applied Behavior. The readings show that behavior as an ecological factor is j very complex. This book will be a valuable addition to the library of people ! working in such fields as animal behavior, biology, ecology, ornithology, and wildlife management. ‘ Gary O. Wallace I [VoL. 46, 1975] THE MIGRANT 16 MARCH ! ■ i ROUND TABLE NOTES [ i APPARENT DOUBLE NESTING OF THE AMERICAN KESTREL— i In the 27 May, 1973 issue of the Chattanooga News-Free Press, a picture and |; story featured the fledging of three American Kestrels (Falco sparverins) from ! a hole between the 8th and 9th floor in the all glass and concrete Blue Cross- i Blue Shield Building, downtown Chattanooga. These birds had drifted to the j street below and were picked up by passersby. In the wild the young hawks, S upon fledging are capable of flying to a nearby perch. In this situation there ;i were no perches nearby, only heavy automotive traffic and numerous pedes- I trians. | This was the first positive evidence of the American Kestrel nesting in the Chattanooga area other than a female specimen taken on Lookout Mountain I 31 March, 1882. This bird had one egg ready to be laid (Wetmore, Alexander, i 1939. Notes on the Birds of Tennessee. Proceedings of the United States Na- | tional Museum (Washington) Vol. 86, No. 3050:183.) I A great deal of time and effort has been spent in verifying the nesting of j this species in the Chattanooga area and all of it appears to be negative with only an occasional bird being found in the nesting season. ■ On 3 August a telephone call was received that there were three more t young a few days old (eyes not yet open) , in the same nest hole. The birds | were allowed to fledge. j Although the adults were not color marked, this appears to be very strong circumstantional evidence of a double nesting of a pair of American Kestrels. | A possible stimulus for the above described behavior could be the sudden loss 1 of the young when they fledged. It is a well known fact that when a nest is ' destroyed or otherwise disrupted early in the reproductive cycle, the pair will I; attempt to renest. Perhaps this is what happened with these birds, but at a i much later period in their cycle. li Oliver Irwin {The Migrant, Vol. 30:39) reported a similar experience with a pair in a dead tree at Memphis. | 1^ Kenneth and Lillian H. Dubke, Route 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah 37363. PIPING PLOVER SEEN IN COCKE COUNTY— While searching for shorebirds and herons at the confluence of the French Broad and Nolichucky Rivers, Cocke County, on 1 September 1974 one Piping Plover {Charadms melodus) was found at 16:00 EDT by Tony Koella. The bird was feeding among 6 Semipalmated Plovers {Charadius semipalatus) and several sandpipers which aided identification because of the comparative overall whiteness of the bird. The bird was in summer plumage with the single chest bar and the single black mark on the forehead to the eye. The bill was light colored with a black tip and the legs were light colored which marks would distinguish the bird from a Snowy Plover {Charadius alexandrimis) which is a strictly local breeding bird on the Gulf of Mexico Coast. The whiteness in the back and [Vol. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 17 I the distinctively different facial features between the Piping and Semipalmated Plover were quite evident. j I observed the bird first through 10x15 binoculars and then followed up ' by observing the bird through a Bausch and Lomb 30 X scope. I observed the 1 bird about 150 feet away in excellent lighting as I was west of the bird facing j east with the sun behind me. The weather was in the 70’s and clear skies. ! At the confluence of the two rivers, I also observed besides the plovers, 4 j Solitary Sandpipers {Tringa soUtaria) ^ 3 Lesser Yellowlegs {Tringa flavipes)^ 5 Short-billed Dowitchers {Umnodromti^s griseus)^ 1 White-rumped Sandpiper (Calidrts fusciolUs)^ 10 Least Sandpipers (Calidrh mimtfilla) , 90 Semipalmated ! Sandpipers {Calidris and 4 Pectoral Sandpipers (Calidris melanatos) . I After leaving the confluence of the French Broad and Nolichucky, I went approximately 2 miles on down the river to Douglas Lake where I spotted an- I other Piping Plover also in summer plumage but by himself except for some I Killdeers {Charadrius vocifem^s) . It physically could be only one bird as it would have had time to fly the two miles down stream, but I would think that it would have stayed with the group described above instead of striking i out on its own. Also on Douglas Lake, there were 28 Black Terns (Chlidonias niger) . The observer has had previous experience with all of the above mentioned plovers as well as the Wilson’s Plover {Charadrius wilsonia) on the gulf and Atlantic Coasts. There have been at least 12 previous records of the Piping Plover in Ten- I nessee. The first record was sighted by Ben B. Coffey, Jr. on 5 May 193 5 South of Memphis {The Migrant y 1935, 6:35). The next record did not occur until the 195 O’s during which decade there were 3 or 4 sightings in the state. There were none during the 196 O’s but there have been 9 sightings (including mine) during the 1970’s. Mike Bierley of Nashville was kind enough to search back issues of The Migrant to get a count of sightings for which I am most grateful. TONY KOELLA, Department of Conservation, 2611 West End Avenue, Nashville 37203. 1 Daniel R. Jacobson, Box 6, Wildwood, GA 30757, has replaced Charles P. Nicholson as the regional compiler of the season report for the Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. He will begin with the Spring Migration Season Report (16 Mar- 15 May), which will appear in the Sept., 1975 issue of The Migrant. Support Daniel by reporting your records to him. Our thanks to Chuck for his work with the T.O.S. He will be attending the University of Maine. I [VoL. 46, 1975] 18 THE MIGRANT MARCH THE SEASON Fred J. Aesop, III, Editor Shorebirds perhaps are the most outstanding feature of this fall migration report. They are not only indicated in good numbers in the regions across the state but several species which have been of uncommon occurrence in Tennes- see are being reported with greater regularity, possibly reflecting a more active watch in shorebird habitat at the proper seasons by the State’s birders than an increased presence of the species. Ruddy Turnstones are again reported from the Western Coastal Plain where an American Avocet was also found. San- derlings were observed in the Western Coastal Plain and in the Eastern Ridge and Valley Regions. Wilson’s Phalaropes and Baird’s Sandpipers were seen in both the Central Plateau and Basin and the Eastern Ridge and Valley Regions, and a flock of 30 Willets was only one of five reports of this species from the latter region. Other water associated birds were some of the more noteworthy species re- ported this Fall. A Louisiana Heron was found in the Western Coastal Plain. A Brant was observed by many birders in late October at Hiwassee Island, and a White Ibis and a Snowy Egret were also reported from the Eastern Ridge and Valley. Raptorial species were represented by many observations including those of a Golden Eagle and a Peregrine Falcon in the Eastern Ridge and Valley, and a Rough-legged Hawk and a Merlin (Pigeon Hawk) in the Central Plateau and Basin Regions. Several Yellow-bellied Flycatchers were reported and some were banded in the Central Plateau and Basin. In the Eastern Mountain Region a very late Black-billed Cuckoo was observed in early November (three days after this reporting period ended). These are but a few of the many observations reported this Fall Migration season. The Regional Compilers continue to request your observations, especially from those birders in the Eastern Mountain Region and the Western Coastal Plain Region. Send us your records so we may have the fullest picture possible of the seasonal status of the birds of Tennessee. WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN KEG101<\— Heron-Tern: LOUISIANA HERON: 27 Aug. (1) DRU (JL). Black-crowned Night Heron: 5 Sept. (5) DRU (JL), 7 Sept. (4) DRU (MCTOS). Turkey Vulture: 3 Oct. (15) M [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 19 (BM). Sora: 5 Sept. (1) DRU (JL). RUDDY TURNSTONE: 3 Aug. (1) Island 13, Lake Co. (MLB, GJ). Common Snipe: 19 Oct. (1) HWR (JL). j Upland Sandpiper: 7 Sept. (1) DRU ( JL) . Short -billed Do witcher: 4 Aug. (1) I Island 13, Lake Co. (MLB, GJ). Sanderling: 3 Aug. - 4 Aug. (3) Island 13, ' Lake Co. (MLB, GJ). AMERICAN AVOCET : 14 Sept. (2) Medal of Honor I Lake, South of Memphis within Shelby Co. Third record for Shelby Co. (NS, I MD, ER, BG, TW, MW). Forester’s Tern: 3 Aug. (1) Lake Co. (MLB, GJ). j Black Tern: 3 Aug. and 27 Aug. (1-3) DRU (JL). ! Cuckoo-Sparrow: Yellow-billed Cuckoo: 18 Oct. (1) M (TC). Common Nighthawk: 12 Oct. (8-10) M (ANS, HHD, MD), 16 Oct. (50) Olive Branch, MS, Approx. 5 miles south of M (BS). Red-bellied Woodpecker: i 12 Oct. (1 imm.) M (MD). Yellow-bellied Sapsucker: 29 Sept. (1) M (TC). ' Olive-sided Flycatcher: 13 Sept. (1) HWR (JL). White-breasted Nuthatch: 31 Oct. (2) T. O. Fuller (BM). Red-breasted Nuthatch: 31 Oct. (4) T. O. I Fuller (BM). Brown Creeper: 4 Oct. (1) M (HD, MW). Winter Wren: ' 14 Oct. (1) M (HD). Golden-crowned Kinglet: 8 Oct. (1) M (TC). Soli- tary Vireo: 26 Oct. (1) M (HD). Yellow-rumped (Myrtle) Warbler: 2 Oct. [ (1) M (TC). Black-throated Green Warbler: 26 Oct. (1) M (TC). Black- ' burnian Warbler: 25 Oct. (1) M (TC). Ovenbird: 14 Oct. (1) M (HD, TC). , Orchard Oriole: 26 Sept. (1) M (TC). Scarlet Tanager: 12 Oct. (1) M (TC). Summer Tanager: 19 Oct. (1) M (HD), 22 Oct. (1) M (TC) 31 Oct. (2) T. O. Fuller (BM). Rose-breasted Grosbeak: 16 Oct. (1) M (TC). Dark-eyed i Junco: 19 Oct. (2) HWR (MCTOS) . Swamp Sparrow: 19 Oct. (1) HWR (JL). Song Sparrow: 19 Oct. (1) HWR (JL). Locations: DRU — Duck River Refuge, Tennessee National Wildlife Refuge, : Hutsburg, TN. M— ^Memphis. HWR— Hatchie Wildlife Refuge. T. O. Fuller— T. O. Fuller State Park, Southeast Shelby Co. Observers: MCTOS — Memphis Chapter, TOS. JL — Jerald Ledbetter. MLB I — Mike L. Bierly. GJ — Greg Jackson. ANS — ^Arlo and Noreen Smith, NS^ — i Noreen Smith. HHD — Henry and Helen Dinkelspiel, HD — Helen Dinkelspiel. [ MD — ^Mary Davant. ER — ^Ernie Restivo. BG — Billy Grimm. TW — Ted Wilson. I MW — Martha Waldron. TC — Tiny Carpenter. BM — Bob McGowan. BS — Bill j Sparenberger. j Martha Waldron, 1626 Yorkshire Drive, Memphis 3 8117. CENTRAL PLATEAU AND BASIN REGION— LooH-Raj/; Common Loon: 2 Sept. (1, early) PPL (MLM). Horned Grebe: 20 Oct. (3) OHL (BF, SF). DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT: 6 Oct. (2) GSP (DC, PC); 6 Oct. (1) OHL (BF, SF). Great Blue Heron: 29 Oct. (19) GSP (DC, PC). Little Blue Heron: 10 and 11 Aug. (4, imm.) G (DC, PC). Great Egret: 29 Sept. (1) GSP (MPS) ; 1 Oct. (20) PPL (Anne and Bob Hettish). Ameri- can Bittern: 29 Sept. (1) BV (MLB). Snow Goose: 8 Oct. (2) OHL (Wick j Comer). Black Duck: 1 Sept. (1, early) GSP (DC, PC). Green-winged Teal: j 22 Sept. (1) BV (MLB). Redhead: 23 Oct. (3) RL (MLB). Ruddy Duck: j 21 Oct. (1) RL (M,LB). Common Merganser: 26 Oct. (8) OHL (BF, SF). Red-breasted Merganser: 29 Sept. (1, early) PPL (BF, SF). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 28 Sept. (2) OHL (MPS); 29 Sept. (2) BV (MLB); 9 Oct. (1) G [VoL. 46, 1975] 20 THE MIGRANT MARCH (DC, PC). Cooper’s Hawk: 28 Sept. (1) F (JOE); 6 Oct. (1) GSP (DC, PC). Broad-winged Hawk: 28 and 29 Sept. (70, Nash, fall count). ROUGH- LEGGED HAWK: 13 Oct. (1) BS (KAC, Mel Garland). Osprey: 1 Sept.- 13 Oct. (at least 7 sightings of single birds, NA). MERXZN: 28 Aug. (1) N (HR). Virginia Rail: 17 Sept. (1, casualty, WSM Tower) (KAC); 19 and 20 Sept. (1) FP (MDW). Sora: 5 Aug. (1) BV (MLB); 14 and 22 Sept. (1, casualty, "WNGE Tower) (MLB). Killdeer-Nuthatch: Killdeer: 27 Oct. (118) GSP (PC). UPLAND SAND- PIPER: 31 Aug. (1, last) Nash. Metro Airport (MLB). Solitary Sandpiper: 16 Oct. (3) LHL (LC). Greater Yellowlegs: 16 Oct. (3) LHL (LC) ; 25 Oct. -27 Oct. (1) GSP (PC). BA/RD’S SANDPIPER: 19 Sept. (1) GSP (PC). Dunlin: 29 Oct. (4) and 30 Oct. (8) GSP (DC, PC). Dowitcher (sp?): 21 Aug. (1) BV (Tony Koella). Stilt Sandpiper: 22 Sept. - 29 Sept. (1) BV (MLB). Sanderling: 18 and 19 Sept. (1) GSP (PC): 23 Sept. - 30 Sept, (up to 4) OHL (BF, SF). WILSON^S PHALAROPE: 10 Aug. (1) G (DC, PC). Bonaparte’s Gull: 26 Oct. (2) OHL (BF, SF). Forster’s Tern: 21 Sept. (2) OHL (BF, SF); 21 Sept. (1) GSP (PC). Caspian Tern: 14 Sept. (7) PPL (MLB, MPS) ; 14 Sept. (2) OHL (BF, SF). Black Tern: 1 Sept. (100) OHL (MLM). Yellow-billed Cuckoo: 20 Oct. (2 fresh road-kills, 1 Lawrence Co. and 1 Wilson Co.) (MDW). Black-billed Cuckoo: 6 Aug. (1) N (HR); 6 Oct. (1) G (PC); 10 Oct. (1) LC (LC). Common Nighthawk: 31 Aug. (231) N (JR). Eastern Kingbird: 13 Oct. (1, late) LC (LC). YELLOW-BELLIED FLYCATCHER: 7 and 15 Sept. (1) BS (KAG). 7 and 28 Sept. (1, banded) 2JS (HR, JR). Traill’s Flycatcher (sp?): 25 Aug. (1, banded) and 14 Sept. (4, banded) 2JS (HR, JR). Least Flycatcher: 14 Sept. (3, banded) and 28 Sept. (2, banded) 2JS (HR, JR). Horned Lark: 14 Sept. (60) FP (MDW). Red-breasted Nuthatch: 1 Oct. (1) LC (Helen Clayton). Wrens -Sparrows: House Wren: 20 Sept. (1) FP (MDW). Bewick’s Wren: 24 Aug. (1 banded, repeated 5 Oct.) 2JS (HR, JR). Long-billed Marsh Wren: 28 and 29 Sept. (1 each day, fall count, NTOS). Short-billed Marsh Wren: 28 Sept. (2) and 29 Sept. (1), fall count (NTOS). Gray-cheeked Thrush: 19 Oct. (1, banded, late) 2JS (HR, JR). Veery: 14 Sept. (1) Ashland City Marsh (JH, RM) ; 16 Sept. (1) RL (MLB, MDW). Ruby-crowned Kinglet: 9 Sept. (1, early) NA (MLM); 26 Sept. - 8 Nov. (75, banded) N (KAG). Water Pipit: 10 Oct. (10) OHL Laurence Trabue; 30 Oct. (3) GSP (DC, PC). Yellow-throated Vireo: 26 Oct. (1, late) NA (BF, SF). PHILADEL- PHIA VIREO: 12 Sept. (1, early) FP (MDW). Orange-crowned Warbler: 4 Oct. (2, banded) 2JS (HR, JR). 21 Oct. (1) NA (KAG). Black-throated Blue Warbler: 29 Sept. (1) F (JOE). Blackpoll Warbler: 16 Oct. (1, casu- alty, WSM Tower) late (KAG). Mourning Warbler: 12 Sept. (2, banded) 2JS (HR, JR); 14 Sept. (1) G (DC); 20 Oct. (1, road-kill, dead several days) Maury Co. (MDW). Bobolink: 14 Sept. (220) Cheatham Lake (JH, RM). Grasshopper Sparrow: 23 Aug. (9) Springfield (JH). Lincoln’s Sparrow: 4 Oct. (2, banded) 2JS (HR, JR). Locations: BS — Basin Springs, BV — Buena Vista, F^ — Fernvale, FP — ^Five Points (Lawrence Co.), G — Gallatin, GSP — Gallatin Steam Plant, LC — Lawrence Co., LHL — Laurel Hill Lake, N — Nashville, NA — Nashville Area, [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 21 OHL — Old Hickory Lake, PPL — Percy Priest Lake, RL — Radnor Lake, 2JS — Two Jays Sanctuary. Observers: MLB — Mike Bierly, LC — Lloyd Clayton, DC — Dot Crawford, PC — Paul Crawford (Compiler, Nashville Area) , JOE — John Ellis, BE — Bill Fintel, SF — -Sally Fintel, KA.G — Katherine Goodpasture, JH — James Holt, MLM — Margaret Mann, RM — Rocky Milburn, HR — Heather Riggins, JR — John Riggins, MPS- — Pat Stallings, NTOS — Nash. T.O.S. Chapter, MDW — Morris Williams. Morris D. Williams, Five Points 38457. EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY REGION— The weather for the pe- riod was average, except for earlier than usual frosts in October. The shore bird migration was very good in the Chattanooga and Upper East Tenn. areas. Several Willets were recorded; other unusual species were Stilt Sandpipers, a Baird’s Sandpiper, Western Sandpipers, and a Wilson’s Phalarope. Due to a lack of suitable habitat (and of observers?) there were few shore- birds reported from the Knoxville area. One of the most unusual birds reported was a Brant, at Hiwassee Island in late October. Also reported were a White- fronted Goose and both color morphs of the Snow Goose. A large tower kill occurred in Knox County on September 14. Over 1500 individuals, comprising 47 species, were gathered by Fred Alsop and Chester Massey. Included in the kill were 247 Red-eye Vireos, 1 Philadelphia Vireo, 122 Kentucky Warblers, and 115 Veeries. The Knoxville Chapters’ fall count, held on September 29, listed 116 species. Loon-Ibis: Common Loon: first 5 Oct. (1) BL (JD, MD) . Horned Grebe: 19 Oct. (7) NL (DRJ). DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT: 26 Oct. (3) HRA (JND, LD); 29 Oct. (1) HRA (KLD). Green Heron: 15 and 24 Oct. (1 ) SB (KLD) ; 20 Oct. (1) Warrior Path State Park (DJL) . Little Blue Heron: 6 Aug. (1) HRA (DRJ) ; 30 Aug. (1) HRA (KLD); 21 Oct. (2) HRA (KLD) . Great Egret: 4-24 Aug. (2) SeV (LSF ) ; 11-21 Sept. (1 ) AS (ETOS) ; 1-12 occasional at HRA thru 16 Oct. (KLD, DRJ) . SNOWY EGRET: 20-31 Aug. (1) HRA (KLD, DRJ, LMJ) . Black-cr. Night Heron: 11 Aug. - 4 Oct. (3-5 imm., 2 ad.) AS (ETOS) ; 11 Aug. (1 imm.) CC (JMC, JCH) ; 31 Aug. (2) SB (KLD) . Yellow-cr. Night Heron: 31 Aug. (2) SB (LD) ; 18 Sept. ( 1 imm.) , 5 Oct. ( 1 imm.) AS (MD, SG) . Least Bittern: 3 Sept. (1 ) SB (KD) . American Bittern: 3 Sept. (1 ) SB (KD) . WHITE IBIS: 29 Aug. (1 imm.). AIM (MDW) ; 30’ Aug. (1) HRA (KLD). Goose-Hawk: Canada Goose: first 24 Sept. (18) HRA (KLD) ; 30 Oct. (5) AS (MD, SG). AMERICAN BRANT: 29 Oct. to end of period (1) HRA (KLD, et al). Snow Goose: 29 Oct. to end of period (1 ) HRA (KLD) . Blue (morph) Goose : 3 0 Sept. (3) HRA (KLD) ; 29 Oct. (20) HRA (KLD) . Pintail: first 24 Sept. (3 ) HRA (KLD) . Green-winged Teal: 1 5 Sept. (2) CC (JMC, JCH) . Blue-winged Teal: 31 Aug. (300) SB (KLD) . Wood Duck: max 450 HRA (KLD, DRJ) . Redhead: 28 Oct. (4) BWP (KLD) . Lesser [VoL. 46, 1975] 22 THE MIGRANT MARCH Scaup: 28 Oct. (11) BWP (KLD). Black Vulture: 6 Aug. (2 young about grown banded). Grindstone Mtn. (Carl Swaflford). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 29 Sept. (9) K (KTOS) ; 12 Oct. (3) Harriman (CPN). Cooper’s Haw,k: 29 Sept. (1) K (KTOS); 5 Oct. (1) Erwin (HD). GOLDEN EAGLE: 26 Oct. (1 ad.) HRA (JND, LD). Marsh Hawk: 29 Sept. (1) K (KTOS); 5 Oct. (1) Erwin (GE, HE). Osprey: 1 Sept. (1) CC (JMC, JCH) ; 15 Sept. (1) AS (GE, HE); 29 Sept. (4) K (KTOS); 5 Oct. (1) AS (MD, JD, SG). PEREGRINE FALCON: 21 Sept. (1) K (JMC, GE). Sparrow Hawk (Ameri- can Kestrel): 29 Sept. (22 — high count) K (KTOS). Rail-Tern: King Rail: 9 Sept. (1) HRA (DRJ). Virginia Rail: 3 Sept. (1) SB (KD); 29 Sept. (1) AS (GE, LRH). Sora: 5 Oct. (1) Blountville (JD, MD); 10 Oct. (1) AM (KD). Semipalmated Plover: 24 Aug. - 21 Sept. (1) AS (ETOS); 6 Aug. (2) HRA (KLD, DRJ); 16 and 30 Aug. (1) HRA (KLD). American Golden Plover: 16 Oct. (1) SB (KD). Black-bellied Plover: 30 Aug. (2) SB (LD). Common Snipe: first 3 Sept. (1) SB (KLD); 15 Sept. (1) AS (GE). Spotted Sandpiper: 11 Aug. (1) CC (JMC, JCH, JH) ; 1-3 reg. thru 20 Sept, at SB (KLD); 29 Sept. (2) K (KTOS). Solitary Sandpiper: thru 20 Aug. (1-2) SB (KLD); 29 Sept. (1) K (KTOS). WILLET: 3 Aug. (30) SB (KLD); 3 Aug. (6) SeV (LSE) ; 11 Aug. (1) CC (JMC, JCH, JH) ; 11 Aug. (1) AS (GE, HP) — only 2nd upper E. T. record, last in 1968; 17 Aug. (1) WW (DRJ). Greater Yellowlegs: 1-3 reg. thru period, max. 16 Oct. (15) at HRA (KLD); 25 Aug. (1) CC (JMC, JCH, JH). Lesser Yellowlegs: 1-4 reg. thru 21 Oct. at HRA, SB (KLD); 25 Aug. (2) CC (JMC, JCH, JH); 24 Oct. (1) AS (DJL). Pectoral Sandpiper: reg. thru 26 Oct. at HRA, SB (KLD, DRJ) Least Sandpiper: 1-26 reg. from 3 Aug. thru period at SB and HRA (KLD, DRJ); 11 Aug. (1), 25 Aug. (2) CC (JMC, JCH, JH). Dunlin: first 30 Sept. (35) HRA (KLD); 17 Oct. (14) AS (GE, LRH). Short-billed Dowitcher: (by call note) 25-31 Aug. (1) SB (KLD); 18 Aug. (2) HRA (KLD). Stilt Sandpiper: 29 Aug. (1) HRA (KLD, DRJ); 29 Sept. (1) K (Bill Williams). Semipalmated Sandpiper: 3 Aug. (6) SB (KLD); 8 Aug. (4), 22 Aug. (5) SB (KLD); 2 5 Aug. (1) CC (JMC, JCH, JH); 16 Sept. (8) HRA (KLD). BAIRD’S SANDPIPER: 22 Sept. (1) CC (JMC, JCH, J. Nieme). Western Sandpiper: 2-3 irreg. at AS from 2 Aug. - 14 Oct. (ETOS); 22 Aug. (2) SB (LD); 30 Aug. (1) HRA (KLD). | SANDERLING: 19 Aug. - 23 Aug. (1) AS (ETOS); 30 Aug. (2) HRA ^ (KLD). WILSON’S PHALAROPE: 11 Sept. (1) SB (KLD, et al). Ring- billed Gull: first 21 Oct. (1) HRA (KLD). Bonaparte’s Gull: 13 Oct. (1) BL (DJL). Porster’s Tern: 8 Aug. (1) HRA (DRJ, LMJ); 28 Aug. (5), | 3 Sept. (2) NL (DRJ); 29 Sept. (1) K (Jim Tanner); 3 Oct. (3), 6 Oct. (1) SB (KLD); 14 Oct. (4) HRA (KLD). Common Tern: 1 Sept. (3), ' 15 Sept. (2) NL (LSE); 16 Sept. (3) HRA (KLD). Least Tern: 29 Sept. (1) K (Terry McGowan). Black Tern: 1-22 reg. to 5 Sept, at HRA, SB, NL i (KLD, LSE, DRJ); 3 Sept. (52) NL (DRJ). | Onvl-Pipii: Barn Owl: 20 Aug. (1) AM (DRJ). Common Nighthawk: 13 Sept, (migratory flock of 12 5 -f-) K (CPN); 15 Sept. (709) Da (LSE), 11 Oct. (2) K (JGH). Chimney Swift: 14 Oct. (200 Chatt. (KLD) Red- ! headed Woodpecker: 22 Sept. (2) CC (JMC, JCH, J. Nieme); 29 Sept. (2) ’ K (CPN, MDW); 14 Oct. (1) K (WKJ, CPN). Eastern Kingbird: 70-80 at [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 23 roozty to 2 Sept, at SB (KLD). Wood Pewee: last 20 Oct. (1) JC (SG). Tree Swallow: 2 5 Oct. (1) LM (GLB). Barn Swallow: last 12 Oct. (1) SB (KLD). Blue Jay: heavy migration noted on: 29 Sept. (240), 30 Sept. (225), 1 Oct. (200), 2 Oct. (6) all Missionary Ridge, Chat. (AG). Red-breasted Nuthatch: 10 Oct. (1) Collegedale (LS) ; 13 and 14 Oct. (1-3) Hamilton Co. Park (JND); 28 Oct. (6) BWP (KLD). Winter Wren: first 5 Oct. (1) HM (MDW). Long-billed Marsh Wren: 29 Sept. (1) K (CPN, MDW). Water Pipit: 12 Oct. (2) SB (LD, TF, DRJ); 29 Oct. (50) HRA (KLD). Vireo-Sparrow: Solitary Vireo: 17 Oct. (1) K (JGH). PHILADELPHIA VIREO: 22 Sept. (1) CC (JMC, JCH) ; 26 Sept. - 5 Oct. (1) JC (SG); 5 Oct. (3) HM (MDW). Orange-crowned Warbler: 29 Sept. (1) K (KTOS) ; 2 Oct. (1) JC (MD); 5 Oct. - 28 Oct. (1-2) K (JGH). Blackpoll Warbler: 14-18 Oct. (1-2) K (JGH). Louisiana Waterthrush: 5 Oct. (1) Er (HF). Wilson’s Warbler: 29 Sept. (1) K (CPN, MDW). Bobolink: 29 Sept. (29) K (KTOS); 8 Oct. (8) K (WKJ, CPN). Orchard Oriole: last 10 Sept. (3) Hixson (JND). Scarlet Tanager: last 17 Oct. (1) K (JGH). Rose-breasted Grosbeak: 27 Oct. (1) BL (MD, SG). Blue Grosbeak: 8 Oct. (3) K (CPN). Purple Finch: first 26 Oct. (4) WW (DRJ). Vesper Sparrow: 19 Oct. (4) NL (DRJ). White-crowned Sparrow: first 17 Oct. (12) AS (GE, LRH). White-throated Sparrow: 29 Sept. (1) K (KTOS). Lincoln’s Sparrow: 29 Oct. (1) HRA (KLD). Locations: AIM — ^Alcoa Marsh; AM — ^Amnicola Marsh; AS — Austin Springs; BL — Boone Lake; BWP — Booker T. Washington State Park; CC — Campbell Co.; Chat — Chattanooga area; DA — ^Daus; Er — Erwin; HRA — Hiwassee River Area; HM — ^House Mtn.; K — Knoxville area; JC — Johnson City; LM — Lookout Mtn., Ga.; NL- — Nickajack Lake; SB — Savannah Bay; SeV — Sequatchie Valley; WW— Wildwood, Ga. Observers: GLB — Gary L. Bayne; JMC — ’James M.. Campbell; JND — Jon and Nancy DeVore; JD — Joy Dillenbeck; MD — Martha Dillenbeck; HD- — Helenhill Dove; KD— Ken Dubke; LD— Lil Dubke; KLD— Ken and Lil Dubke; GE — Glen Eller; ETOS — ^Elizabethton Chapter, TOS; HF — Harry Farthing; AG — ^Ann Gibson; SG — ^^Sally Goodin; LRH — Lee R. Herndon; JGH — James G. Holt; JCH— J. C. Howell; JH— J. Hubbard; DRJ— Daniel R. Jacobson; LMJ— Lemuel M. Jacobson; WKJ— Wesley K. James; KTOS— Knoxville Chap- ter, TOS; DJL — Dick and Joyce Lura; CPN — ^Charles P. Nicholson; LSF — Lee Shafer family; MDW — Morris D. Williams. C. P. Nicholson, 6806 Haverhill Drive, Knoxville 37919. EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION — The overall weather for the period could best be described as mild and dry. August and September were near normal in all aspects. October was the driest on record since 1968 with only 2.6 inches of rainfall recorded. We had two very early "killing” frosts on 2 and 3 Oct. These frosts were almost two weeks earlier than usual. Several late stragglers were reported and most of the waterfowl were a few days early, due mostly to the earlier than last year’s colder weather here and to the north of us. Loofi-Hmvk: Common Loon: 27 Oct. (2) WatL (GE); Green Heron: last seen 5 Oct. (1) RC (LRH); Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 16 and 24 Aug. [VoL. 46, 1975] 24 THE MIGRANT MARCH (1) WatR (GE, MD); Black Duck: 19 Oct. (8) WibL (GE) first return; Green-winged Teal: 6 Oct. (4) WibL (HE) and 19 thru 27 Oct. (1-2) WibL (GW); Blue-winged Teal: 10 Sept. (3) WatR (LRH) first return; American Wigeon: 19 Oct. (2) WibL (GE) first return; Ring-necked Duck: 5 Oct. (5) WatL (GW, DJL) first return; Bufflehead: 20 Oct. (1) WibL (GW) first return; Black Vulture: 22 Sept. (2) HM (GE, FWB) ; Cooper’s Hawk: 15 Sept. (2) IMG (SG); 22 Sept. (1) HM (GE, FWB); 6 Oct. (5) RM (TMS) ; Broad- winged Flawk: 18 Sept. (500) and 22 Sept. (600) HM (FWB, GE); Marsh Hawk: 5 Oct. (1) RC (Lois Herndon). Snipe-Swallon/: Common Snipe: 11 Oct. (1) WatR (GE) first return; Least Sandpiper: 7 Sept. (2) RC (GW, GE) ; Semipalmated Sandpiper: 7 Sept. (4) RC (GW, GE); Ring-billed Gull: 28 Sept. (1) WatL (GW) first return; Forester’s Tern: 13 Sept. (1) RC (LRH) and 29 Sept. (1) WatL (GW); BLACK-BILLED CUCKOO: 3 Nov. (1) very late IMG (SG); Great Horned Owl: 26 Aug. (1) HM (FWB) and 12 Oct. (1) HC (TMS); Barred Owl: 22 Sept. (1) HM (FWB) and 5 Oct. (2) HM (GW); Common Nighthawk: 6 Oct. (2) Eliz. (HE) last seen; Chimney Swift: 10 Oct. (3) Eliz. (GE) last seen; Tree Swallow: 22 Sept. (2) HM (GE, FWB) ; Bank Swallow: 3 Aug. (3) WatR (GW); Cliff Swallow: 15 Aug. (75-100) SV (LRH, GE). Nuthatch-Sparrow: Red-breasted Nuthatch: all thru period (15-25) very plentiful on RM (FWB); Brown Creeper: 5 Oct. (1) RC (LRH) and 20 Oct. (2) HC (TMS); Long-billed Marsh Wren: 7 Oct. (1 banded) Eliz. (LRH); Water Pipit: 5 Oct. (1) RM (FWB); Solitary Vireo: 21 Oct. (1) RM (FWB) last seen; Swainson’s Warbler: 25 Aug. (1) HM (SG); Orange- crowned Warbler: 18 Sept. (1) HC (TMS); Purple Finch: 5 Oct. (3) RC (LRH) first return; Savannah Sparrow: 19 Sept. (12) SV (GW); Grasshopper Sparrow: 5 Oct. (1) late SV (GW, DJL); White-crowned Sparrow: 9 Oct. (2) Eliz. (LRH) ; White- throated Sparrow: 5 Oct. (2) SV (GW) first return; Lincoln’s Sparrow: 5 Oct. (7) WatL (LRH). Locations: Eliz. — ^Elizabethton area, HC- — Heaton Creek (RM), HM — Holston Mountain, IMG — Iron Mountain Gap near Erwin, RC — Roans Creek, RM — Roan Mountain, SV — Siam Valley near Eliz., WatL — Watauga Lake; WatR — Watauga River, WibL — ^Wilbur Lake. Observers: FWB — Fred Behrend; MD — Martha Dillenbeck; GE — Glen El- ler; HE — ^Harry Farthing; SG — Sally Goodin; LRH — ^Lee Herndon; DJL — Dick and foyce Lura; TMS — Tommy and Maxie Swindell and GW — -Gary Wallace. Glen D. Eller, Rt. Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton 37643. [VoL. 46, 1975] PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION The purpose of THE MIGRANT is the recording of observations and original information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state of Tennessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders. Articles for publication originate almost exclusively from T.O.S. members. Contributors should prepare manuscripts and submit them in a form ac- ceptable to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes are solicited but their format should be somewhat different. Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for publication are given herewith. MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and not submitted for publication elsewhere. TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive. STYLE: Recent issues of THE MIGRANT should be used as a guide in the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is needed reference should be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals available from the Ameri- can Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue N. W., Wash- ington, D. C. 20016. COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8^ x 11" paper with adequate margins, for editorial notations, and should contain only entries intended for setting in type, except the serial page number. Tabular data should be entered on separate sheets with appropriate title and column headings. Photographs intended for reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on glossy white paper in black and white (not in color). Instructions to the editors should be given on a separate sheet. Weights and measurements should be in metric units. Dating should be in "continental” form (e.g., 7 March 1968). NOMENCLATURE: Common names should be capitalized followed by binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text for both regular articles and Round Table Notes, and should conform to the A.O.U. Check-list 5 th edition, 1957. Trinomial should be used only after the specimen has been measured or compared with typical specimens. BIBLIOGRAPHY: When there are more than five references in an article, they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be appropriately included in the text. SUMMARY: Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum- marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from the work performed. IDENTIFICATION: Rare or unusual species identification to be accept- able must be accompanied by verifying evidence. This should include: date, time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment, distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying observation and reference works consulted. REPRINTS: Reprints are available on request. Reprint requests should accompany article at the time of submission. Billing to authors will be through the state T.O.S. Treasurer. Books for review and articles for publication should be submitted to the editor. Seasonal reports and items should be forwarded to the appropriate departmental editor whose name and address will be found on the inside front cover. CONTENTS Common Gallinule Nesting in East Tennessee. Morris D. Williams 1 Eastern Bluebird Nesting at Ashland City, 1974. Martha F. Herbert and Mary Ann Stephens 4 The 1974 Christmas Bird Counts. Morris D. Williams 6 A New Species for Tennessee. Yellow-headed Blackbird in Memphis. Ben B. Coffey 15 Book Review: Behavior as an Ecological Factor. Gary O. Wallace 15 Round Table Notes Apparent Double Nesting of the American Kestrel. Kenneth and Lillian H. Dubke 16 Piping Plover Seen in Cocke County. Tony Koella 16 The Season. Edited by Fred J. Alsop, III 18 Western Coastal Plain Region. Martha Waldron 18 Central Plateau and Basin Region. Morris D. Williams 19 Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. Charles P. Nicholson 21 Eastern Mountain Region. Glen D. Eller 23 Illustration by Fred J. Alsopj III ^ QU/IKTER.LY UQURNflL DEVOTEDvTO TEN NESSEK BIRDS THETENNESSEE ' ORNITHOLOGICAL, k SOCIETY 4 THE MIGRANT A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1930 Published By THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1915 A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization. EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR GARY O. WALLACE Rt. 7, Box 338, Sunrise Dr., Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643 ‘THE SEASON’* EDITOR FRED J. ALSOP, III Rt. 6, 302 Evergreen St., Church Hill, Tenn. 37642 “STATE COUNT COMPILER” MORRIS D. WILLIAMS Box 25, Five Points, Tenn. 38457 OFFICERS FOR 1975-77 PRESIDENT RAY JORDAN Department of Biology, Tennessee Technical University, Cookeville, Tenn. 38501 VICE-PRESIDENT, EAST TENN BILL WILLIAMS 1313 Young Ave., Maryville, Tenn. 37801 VICE-PRESIDENT, MIDDLE TENN PAUL CRAWFORD Route 4, Gallatin, Tenn. 37066 VICE-PRESIDENT, WEST TENN JULIAN DARLINGTON 3112 Glentinnan Road, MLemphis, Tenn. 38128 DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE; EAST TENN JOHN DeVORE 4922 Sarasota Dr., Hixson, Tenn. 37343 MIDDLE TENN DAVID HASSLER Box 1, Byrdstown, Tenn. 38549 WEST TENN MRS. C. K. J. SUMARA 1011 Church St., Tiptonville, Tenn. 38079 CURATOR JAMES T. TANNER Rt. 28, Box 155, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920 SECRETARY MISS LOUISE JACKSON 5037 Montclair Dr., Nashville, Tenn. 37211 TREASURER KENNETH H. DUBKE Rt. 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah, Tenn. 37363 Annual dues, $4.00; Sustaining, $7.50; Life, $100.00; Student, $3.00; Family, $5.00; (chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses). Dues, contributions, and be- quests are deductible from Federal income and estate taxes. Back numbers may be had from Dr. James T. Tanner, Rt. 28, Box 15 5, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920. Correspond with the Treasurer for subscriptions, memberships, and changes of address. Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by Mallicote Printing Inc., 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620, U.S.A. Postage paid and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643, U.S.A. THE MIGRANT Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society, to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee. Issued in March, June, September, and December. VOL. 46 JUNE, 1975 NO. 2 MIDDLE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL RECORDS OF THE LATE H. O. TODD, JR. JON E. DEVORE This paper represents a summary of the ornithological data recorded over a period of almost forty years by the late Henry Oliver (Hot) Todd, Jr. in Rutherford and several of the other counties which form a portion of the south-central region of Tennessee. The data, the bulk of which is either egg or young dates, also includes some rather interesting sight and collection records. It is hoped that in presenting this information, it will not only add significantly to our knowledge of the birds of this region, but will also serve as a stimulus for another to carry on where "Hots” work must now stop. As far as the actual mechanics of the paper is concerned, for those species which have less than ten eggs and/or young dates, the records are listed in entirety. For species with eleven or more egg and/or young dates, an Earliest Date, Median Date and Latest Date are shown, along with Clutch and/ or Brood Sizes. Regarding the Median Date, in those cases where an even number of re- corded dates would have necessitatd using a mid-point between the middle- most dates, both middle dates are used as Median Dates. The following symbols are used in the paper: e = eggs; y = young; county designations (each followed by the total number of records from that county) : Bd.Co. Bedford County (3), Ca.Co. Cannon County (11), Co. Co. Coffee County ( 1 ) , Fr.Co. Franklin County (13), Gr.Co. Grundy County ( 3 ) , Li.Co. Lincoln County (22), Ma.Co. Maury County (30), R.Co. Rutherford County (2 514), Wa.Co, Warren County (7), Wi.Co, Wilson County (1). PIED-BILLED GREBE — Egg Dates: One record. 5-1-38 (an unknown number of eggs) found broken in the nest, R.Co. GREEN HERON — Egg Dates: Eleven records, eight R.Co., three Fr.Co. Earliest Date: 4-17-3 8 (le) Fr.Co., 4-17-38 (4e) Fr.Co., 4-17-38 (5e) Fr.Co.; Median Dates: 5-2-36 (4e) R.Co., 5-2-36 (5e) R.Co., 5-2-36 (5e) R.Co. and 5-16-37 (3e) R.Co, 5-16-37 (4e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 6-26-38 (4e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: one set with le, one set with 3e, six sets with 4e, three sets with 5e. Young: Five records. 5-10-59 (4y) R.Co.; 5-16-37 (5y) Fr.Co.; 5-16-37 (5y) Fr.Co.; 5-16-37 (5y) Fr.Co.; 5-28-37 (4y) R.Co. [VoL. 46, 1975] 26 THE MIGRAiNT JUNE H. O. Todd, Jr. at Goose Pond, Grundy County, Tennessee, May T, 1938. LEAST BITTERN — Egg Dates: Five records. 6-26-3 8 (4e) Ma.Co.; 7-4-37 (le) Ma.Co.; 7-4-37 (le) Ma.Co.; 7-4-37 (5e) Ma.Co.; 7-4-37 (5e) Ma.Co. Young: One record. 7-4-37 (ly) Ma.Co. BLUE-WINGED TEAL — Young: Three records. 5-1-38 (lOy) CrvCo.; 5-1-38 (7y) Gr.Co.; 6-22-37 (lOy) R.Co. HOODED MERGANSER — Observations: 9-5-36 (1 female) shot R.Co. TURKEY VULTURE — Egg Dates: Eleven records, all R.Co. Earliest Date 4- 12-59 (2e) R.Co.; Median Date: 5-1-38 (2e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 5-11-38 (2e) R.Co; Clutch Sizes: one set with le, ten sets with 2e. Young: Five records. 7-19-38 (2y) R.Co.; 7-23-39 (2y) R.Co.; 7-23-39 (2y) R.Co.; 7-28-40 (2y) R-Co.; 7-30-39 (ly) R.Co. Observations: 7-7-3 8 (1 solid white bird) seen flying near the outskirts of Murfreesboro, R.Co. [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 27 BLACK VULTURE — Egg Dates: Three hundred sixty records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 2-19-39 (2e) R.Co.; Median Date: 4-5-39 (2e) R.Co., 4-5-42 (2e) R.Co., 4-5-42 (2e) R.Co., 4-5-42 (2e) R.Co., 4-5-42 (2e) R.Co., 4-5-70 (2e) R.Co., 4-5-70 (2e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 7-17-3 8 (2e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: thirty-five sets with le, three hundred twenty-five sets with 2e. Young: Sixty-one records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 4-2-72 (2y) R.Co.; Median Dates: 7-2-39 (2y) R.Co., 7-2-50 (2y) R.Co. and 7-3-38 (ly) R.Co., 7-3-38 (2y) R.Co., 7-3-38 (2y) R.Co.; Latest Date: 8-16-39 (2y) R.Co.; Brood Sizes: seventeen with ly, forty-four with 2y. COOPERS HAWK — ^Egg Dates: Twenty-nine records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 5-4-3 8 (le) R.Co.; Median Date: 4-30-35 (3e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 6-11-38 (le) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: three sets with le, four sets with 2e, nine sets with 3e, ten sets with 4e, three sets with 5e. Young: Three records. 6-11-38 (3y) R.Co.; 7-10-35 (4y) R.Co.; 7-11-37 (4y) R.Co. RED-TAILED HAWK — Probable Nestings: Two records. Late February thru March, 1973 (adult) setting on large nest, approximately three feet in diameter at top, three feet in depth, located approximately seventy to seventy-five feet from ground in crotch of a Shagbark Hickory tree, R.Co.; mid-March, 1973 (two adult birds) seen around what appeared to be a completed nest, R.Co. BROAD-WINGED HAWK — Egg Dates: Two records. 4-18-3 8 (4e) R.Co.; 4- 22-3 8 (2e) R.Co. GOLDEN EAGLE — Observations: 8-21-70 (1) seen flying S over Todd farm, R.Co.; 8-23-70 (1) seen flying NW over Todd farm, R.Co.; 8-30-70 (1) seen flying with (2) Broad-winged Hawks and (1) Turkey Vulture over Todd farm, R.Co.; 10-2-69 (3) seen flying over Todd farm, R.Co.; 10-12-68 (1) seen flying over Todd farm, R.Co.; 11-3-69 (1) seen flying over Hwy. 96 at Murfreesboro city limits, R.Co.; 11-26-49 (1) shot at Bell Buckle, Bd.Co.; 12-6-65 (1) caught in a trap at Bradyville, Ca.Co.; 12-16-62 (1) shot at Bell Buckle, Bd.Co. ; l-P-49 (1) shot at Bradyville, Ca.Co.; 1-2-71 (1) seen flying near Bradyville, Ca.Co.; 1-6-71 (1) seen flying over Clark Blvd., Murfrees- boro, R.Co.; 1-16-50 (1) caught in a trap at Bradyville, Ca.Co.; 2-12-64 (1) seen flying near Halls Hill, R.Co.; 2-18-45 (1) seen flying twelve miles S of Murfreesboro, R.Co.; 2-24-45 (1 female) caught in a trap fourteen miles S of Murfreesboro, R.Co., this was a very gentle bird in captivity; 3-5-72 (1) seen flying near the Shelbyville Rd., R.Co.; 3-16-54 (1) shot at Bell Buckle, Bd.Co; 3-18-55 (1) caught at Auburntown, Ca.Co.; 3-19-72 (1) seen flying over Todd farm, R.Co.; 3-21-54 (1) seen flying over a vulture roost, R.Co.; 3-30-5 8 (1 ) seen flying, R.Co.; 4-23-62 (1) seen flying near Christiana, R.Co.; 4-23-70 (2) seen flying over Todd frm, R.Co.; 4-29-71 (1) seen fly- ing very low over Todd farm, R.Co. BALD EAGLE — Observations: 7-5-50 (1 immature) seen flying over the Woodbury Rd., Murfreesboro, R.Co.; 8-16-69 (1) seen flying over Todd farm, R.Co. [VoL. 46, 1975] 28 THE MIGRAiNT JUNE OSPREY — ^Observations: 8-27-69 (2) seen flying very high going N over Todd farm, R.Co. MERLIN — ^Observations: 9-18-38 (1 female) shot in a yard in Murfreesboro, R.Co. AMERICAN KESTREL — Egg Dates: Five records. 3-25-56 (4e) R.Co.; 4-9-61 (5e) R.Co.; 4-28-62 (5e) R.Co.; 5-13-70 (5e) R.Co.; 5-17-64 (4e) R.Co. Young: Four records. 5-5-63 (4y) R.Co., 5-17-71 (5y) R.Co., 5-28-38 (4y) R.Co., 6-7-70 (4y) R.Co. BOBWHiTE — Egg Dates: Nine records. 5-3-38 (le) R.Co.; 5-17-72 (15e) R.Co.; 5-22-37 (le) R.Co.; 6-3-36 (14e) R.Co.; 6-8-36 (lie) R.Co.; 6-24- 36 (15e) R.Co.; 6-24-37 (15e) R.Co.; 7-20-52 (2e) R.Co.; 8-26-70 (13e) R.Co. Young: Three records. 6-20-70 (15y) R.Co.; 6-22-38 (15y) R.Co.; 10- 24-6 5 (12y) R.Co. SANDHILL CRANE — ^Observations: 11-6-68 (3) seen flying and heard calling going NE over Todd farm, R.Co. KING RAIL — Egg Dates: One record. 5-1-38 (9e) R.Co. KiLLDEER — Egg Dates: One hundred eighty-nine records, one hundred eighty-eight R.Co., one Wi.Co. Earliest Date: 2-26-56 (5e) (R.Co.; Median Date: 4-16-37 (4e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 7-7-37 (4e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: thirteen sets with le, fifteen sets with 2e, twenty-four sets with 3e, one hundred thirty-six sets with 4e, one set with 5e. Young: Twelve records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 3-27-49 (4y) R.Co.; Median Dates: 5-6-37 (4y) R.Co. and 5-8-37 (4y) RCo.; Latest Date: 6-30- 3 8 (ly) R.Co.; Brood Sizes: one with ly, three with 2y, two with 3y, six with 4y. BLACK-BELLIED PLOVER — Observations: 5-22-49 (6) seen feeding at a stock pond, R.Co. AMERICAN WOODCOCK — Egg Dates: Two records. 3-22-61 (4e) Co.Co.; 3-31-38 (4e) R.Co. UPLAND SANDPIPER — Observations: 5-18-60 (unknown number) heard fly- ing over Todd farm, R.Co.; 7-20-47 (1) seen at college airport, R.Co.; 8-12- 37 (14) R.Co.; 8-13-37 (5) R.Co.; 8-17-37 (3) R.Co.; 8-18-37 (2 and 7 at separate locations), R.Co.; 9-4-37 (3) R.Co.; 9-8-65 (1) R.Co. LEAST SANDPIPER — ^Observations: 7-25-68 (1) seen at a pond on the Todd farm, R.Co. BLACK TERN — Observations: 8-1-38 (1) shot R.Co. MOURNING DOVE — Egg Dates: Fifty-nine records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 3-25-59 (2e) R.Co.; Median Dates: 5-11-38 (2e) R.Co., 5-11-58 (2e) R.Co., [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 29 5- 11-58 (2e) R.Co., 5-11-59 (2e) R.Co. and 5-12-37 (2e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 7-13-68 (2e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: two sets with le, fifty-seven sets with 2e. Young: Nine records. 4-8-37 (2y) R.Co.; 4-20-3 8 (2y) R.Co.; 4-24-72 (2y) R.Co.; 4-24-72 (2y) R.Co.; 4-27-52 (2y) R.Co.; 8-21-38 (2y) R.Co.; 9-1-58 (ly) R.Co.; 9-4-72 (2y) R.Co.; 9-23-59 (2y) R.Co. YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO — Egg Dates: Four records. 6-4-37 (2e) R.Co.; 6- 12-49 (le) R.Co.; 6-28-37 (3e) R.Co.; 7-24-60 (2e) R.Co. Young: Two records. 6-16-37 (lyle) R.Co.; 6-17-3 8 (ly) R.Co. BARN OWL — Egg Dates: One record. 6-15-64 (3e) R.Co. Young: Two records. 6-29-38 (3y) R.Co.; 9-11-47 (2y) R.Co. SCREECH OWL — Egg Dates: Twenty-two records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 3-11-56 (2e) R.Co.; Median Date: 4-2-39 (3e) R.Co., 4-2-39 (4e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 4-28-36 (4e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: two sets with 2e, five sets with 3e, eight sets with 4e, seven sets with 5e. Young: Ten records. 4-28-38 (3y) R. Co.; 5-2-39 (2y) R.Co.; 5-7-39 (3y) R.Co.; 5-7-39 (3y) R.Co.; 5-14-49 (3yle) R.Co.; 5-17-72 (ly) R.Co.; 5-19-63 (3y) R.Co.; 5-24-38 (3y) R.Co.; 5-29-39 (4y) R.Co.; 6-27- 37 (3y) R.Co. GREAT HORNED owL-^ — Egg Dates: Four records. 1-25-42 (2e) R.Co.; 2-17- 57 (2e) R.Co.; 3-8-36 (2e) R.Co.; 3-14-38 (le) R.Co. Young: Eight records: 2-21-38 (3y) R.Co.; 3-13-5 5 (2y) R.Co.; 3-14- 38 (2y) R.Co.; 3-14-61 (2y) R.Co.; 3-19-50 (2y) R.Co.; 4-9-50 (2y) R.Co.; 4-14-57 (ly) R.Co.; 5-24-38 (3y) R.Co. BARRED OWL — Egg Dates: One record. 3-7-36 (2e) R.Co. SHORT-EARED OWL — ^Observations: 11-26-59 (1) shot R.Co. CHucK-wiLLS-wiDOw — Egg Dates: Five records. 5-21-49 (2e) R.Co.; 5-23- 36 (2e) R.Co.; 5-28-36 (2e) R.Co.; 6-8-36 (2e) R.Co.; 6-16-37 (le) R.Co. Young: One record. 5-28-3 8 (ly) R.Co. COMMON NiGHTHAWK — Egg Dates: Seventy-three records, all R.Co. Earli- est Date: 5-5-38 (2e) R.Co., 5-5-38 (2e) R.Co.; Median Dates: 5-28-38 (le) R.Co. and 5-29-57 (le) R.Co., 5-29-57 (2e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 7-14-37 (2e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: twelve sets with le, sixty-one sets with 2e. Young: Six records. 5-30-38 (2y) R.Co.; 6-5-38 (ly) R.Co.; 6-5-50 (2y) R.Co.; 6-10-50 (lyle) R.Co.; 6-22-50 (ly) R.Co.; 6-24-37 (ly) R.Co. Observations: 5-23-36 (1 albino female) collected R.Co. CHIMNEY SWIFT — Egg Dates: Eighteen records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 5-20-38 (2e) R.Co.; Median Dates: 6-12-36 (4e) R.Co. and 6-15-36 (4e) [VoL. 46, 1975] 30 THE MIGRAiNT JUNE R.Co.; Latest Date: 6-30-37 (3e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: one set with 2e, four sets with 3e, ten sets with 4e, two sets with 5e, one set with 6e. Observations: Dates of spring arrival, eighteen years records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 3-25-54 (21 ) R.Co.; Median Dates: 4-5-70' (large flock) R.Co. and 4-6-58 (8) R.Co.; 4-6-65 (1) R.Co.; Latest Date: 4-20-57 (2) R.Co. RUBY-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD — Egg Dates: Four records 5-10-36 (2e) R.Co.; 6-10-38 (2e) R.Co.; 6-12-36 (2e) R.Co.; 6-12-36 (2e) R:Co. Young: 7-26-36 (lyle) R.Co. BELTED KINGFISHER — Egg Dates: One record. 6-13-37 (5e) R.Co. Young: Four records. 5-16-37 (7y) Fr.Co.; 5-16-37 (7y) Fr.Co.; 5-28-37 (7y) R.Co.; 5-28-37 (7y) R.Co. COMMON (yellow-shafted) FLICKER — Egg Dates: Eighteen records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 4-2 5-3 8 (8e) R.Co.; Median Dates: 5-28-38 (6e) R.Co., 5-28-38 (6e) R.Co., 5-28-38 (6e) R.Co. and 5-31-38 (6e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 7-1-71 (6e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: two sets with 2e, one set with 3e, two sets with 4e, two sets with 5e, eight sets with 6e, two sets with 7e, one set with 8e. Young: Ten records. 5-20-38 (4y3e) R.Co., 5-22-37 (ly3e) R.Co., 6-4-37 (4y2e) R.Co., 6-8-37 (4y5e) R.Co., 6-8-52 (4y) R.Co., 6-17-38 (5y) R.Co., 6-18-38 (3y) R.Co., 6-25-37 (4y) R.Co., 6-28-37 (5y) R.Co., 7-2-50 (5y) R.Co. piLEATED WOODPECKER — Egg Dates: Eleven records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 4- 10-3 8 (4e) R.Co.; Median Date: 4-24-37 (4e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 6-19-37 (2e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: two sets with 2e, three sets with 3e, four sets with 4e, two sets with 5e. Young: One record. 5-19-40 (3y) R.Co. RED-BELLIED WOODPECKER — Egg Dates: One record. 4-27-37 (4e) R.Co. RED-HEADED WOODPECKER — Egg Dates: Four records. 5-26-3 8 (3e) R.Co., 5- 27-37 (4e) R.Co., 5-29-38 (2e) R.Co., 6-11-37 (4e) R.Co. Young: One record. 6-30-3 8 (4y) R.Co. HAIRY WOODPECKER — Egg Dates: Two records. 4-7-3 8 (4e) R.Co., 4-19-3 8 (4e) R.Co. DOWNY WOODPECKER — Egg Dates: Two records. 4-10-3 8 (5e) R.Co., 5-8-36 (5e) R.Co. EASTERN KINGBIRD — Egg Dates: Twelve records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 5-8-38 (4e) R.Co.; Median Dates: 6-3-36 (3e) R.Co. and 6-4-38 (3e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 6-22-69 (3e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: one set with 2e, eight sets with 3e, three sets with 4e. [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 31 Young: Six records. 6-4-3 8 (2y2e) R.Co., 6-11-3 8 (3y) R.Co., 6-21-3 8 (3y) R.Co., 6-30-61 (4y) R.Co., 7-7-37 (4y) R.Co., 8-3-72 (3y) R.Co. Observations: Dates of spring arrival, seventeen years records, 16 R.Co., 1 Ca.Co. Earliest Date: 3-13-47 (1) R.Co.; Median Date: 4-17-63 (1) R.Co., 4- 17-67 (1) R.Co.; Latest Date: 5-2-71 (2) R.Co. GREAT CRESTED FLYCATCHER — Egg Dates: Five records. 5-20-57 (4e) R.Co., 5- 26-38 ( 5e) R.Co., 6-7-53 (3e) R.Co., 6-10-36 (4e) R.Co., 6-10-38 (3e) R.Co. Young: Two records. 6-20-38 (3y) R.Co., 6-30-38 (4y) R.Co. Observations: Dates of spring arrival, sixteen years records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 4-2-67 (1) R.Co.; Median Date: 4-24-5 5 (1) R.Co., 4-24-71 (1) R.Co.; Latest Date: 5-4-70 (1) R.Co. EASTERN PHOEBE — Egg Dates: Thirty-eight records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 3-29-38 (4e) R.Co.; Median Dates: 4-25-38 (4e) R.Co. and 4-26-37 (5e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 6-15-36 )4e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: one set with le, two sets with 2e, three sets with 3e, sixteen sets with 4e, fourteen sets with 5e, two sets with 6e. Young: Eight records. 4-11-3 8 (4y) R.Co., 4-23-5 0 (5y) R.Co., 4-24-3 8 (4y) R.Co., 4-30-38 (4y) R.Co., 5-20-38 (5y) R.Co., 5-23-37 (5y) R.Co., 6- 6-48 (5y) R.Co., 6-20-3 8 (4y) R.Co. EASTERN WOOD PEWEE — Egg Dates: Nine records. 5-24-3 8 (3e) R.Co., 5-26-38 (2e) R.Co., 5-29-37 (3e) R.Co., 5-31-38 (le) R.Co., 6-1-38 (3e) R.Co., 6-6-38 (3e) R.Co., 6-15-36 (3e) R.Co., 6-17-36 (3e) R.Co., 6-27-38 (2e) R.Co. Young: Four records. 6-15-37 (2yle) R.Co., 6-15-37 (3y) R.Co., 6-30-38 (3y) R.Co., 7-30-38 (3y) R.Co. ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW — Egg Dates: Twenty-two records, nineteen R.Co., three Ca.Co. Earliest Date: 5-9-36 (7e) R.Co., 5-9-36 (7e) R.Co.; Median Date: 5-30-37 (5e) Ca.Co., 5-30-37 (5e) Ca.Co., 5-30-37 (5e) Ca.Co.; Latest Date: 6-13-37 (6e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: two sets with le, one set with 2e, one set with 3e, one set with 4e, seven sets with 5e, six sets with 6e, four sets with 7e. Young: Two records. 5-10-38 (6y) R.Co., 5-22-38 (6y) Ca.Co. BARN SWALLOW — Egg Dates: Nineteen records, fourteen Li.Co., five R.Co. Earliest Date: 5-15-69 (2e) R.Co.; Median Dates: 5-29-38 (2e) Li.Co., 5-29- 38 (2e) Li.Co., 5-29-38 (3e) Li.Co., 5-29-38 (4e) Li.Co., 5-29-38 ( 5e) Li.Co., 5- 29-3 8 (6e) Li.Co. and 6-6-37 (4e) Li.Co., 6-6-37 (4e) Li.Co., 6-6-37 (4e) Li.Co., 6-6-37 (5e) Li.Co., 6-6-37 (5e) Li.Co., 6-6-37 (6e) LiCo.; Latest Date: 7-11-68 (4e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: three sets with 2e, one set with 3e, seven sets with 4e, six sets with 5e, two sets with 6e. Young: Eight records. 5-29-38 (4y) Li.Co., 5-29-38 ( 5y) Li.Co., 5-29-38 (5y) Li.Co., 5-29-38 ( 5y) Li.Co., 5-29-38 (6y) Li.Co., 6-6-37 (5y) Li.Co., 6- 6-70: (4y) Li.Co., 7-22-69 (4y) R.Co. [VoL. 46, 1975] 32 THE MIGRAiNT JUNE PURPLE MARTIN — Egg Dates: Fifteen records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 4-20-49 (5e) R.Co.; Median Date: 5-20-36 (6e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 6-18-37 (3e) R.Co., 6-18-37 (4e) R.Co., 6-18-37 (4e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: one set with le, one set with 2e, one set with 3e, four sets with 4e, five sets with 5e, three sets with 6e. Young: Four records. 4-24-49 (4y) R.Co., 6-18-50 (3y) R.Co., 6-25-39 (4y) R.Co., 6-30-39 (6y) R.Co. Observations: Dates of spring arrival, twelve years records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 3-6-58 (1) R.Co., 3-6-59 (2) R.Co., 3-6-66 (2) R.Co.; Median Dates: 3-12-54 (2) R.Co. and 3-13-68 (1) R.Co.; Latest Date: 3-24-60 (2) R.Co., 3-24-65 (5) R.Co., 3-24-67 (10) R.Co. Dates of fall departure, thirteen years records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 7-11-67 (20) R.Co.; Median Date: 8-16-67 (1) R.Co.; Latest Date: 9-1-59 (20) R.Co. Band Recovery: 6-2 5-43 (1 ) banded at the Todd home, R.Co. recovered 10-5-43 at Mision Morava, Nicarauga, Central America. BLUE JAY — Egg Dates: Forty-nine records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 4-2-3 8 (5e) R.Co.; Median Dates: 5-5-36 (4e) R.Co. and 5-6-37 (5e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 6-3 0-37 (4e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: one set with le, three sets with 2e, five sets with 3e, twenty- three sets with 4e, seventeen sets with 5e. Young: Nine records. 4-13-56 (5y) R.Co., 5-6-38 (4y) R.Co., 5-13-38 (5y) R.Co., 5-13-38 (5y) R.Co., 5-21-37 (4y) R.Co., 5-29-37 (5y) R.Co., 6-5-49 (ly2e) R.Co., 6-13-37 (2y2e) R.Co., 6-20-37 (4y) R.Co. COMMON CROW — Egg Dates: Fifty-one records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 3- 21-38 (4e) R.Co.; Median Dates: 4-5-38 (4e) R.Co. and 4-6-38 (4e) R.Co., 4- 6-38 (5e) R.Co., 4-6-3 8 (5e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 5-6-37 (3e) R.Co., 5-6- 3 8 (5e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: one set with le, one set with 2e, six sets with 3e, eighteen sets with 4e, twenty sets with 5e, five sets with 6e. Young: Ten records. 4-10-38 (2y4e) R.Co., 4-15-37 (4y) R.Co., 4-20-39 (5y) R.Co., 4-23-39 (5y) R.Co., 4-25-37 (4y) R.Co., 4-27-38 (2y) R.Co., 5- 3-40 (3y) R.Co., 5-7-39 (4y) R.Co., 5-7-39 (3y) R.Co., 5-28-37 (4y) R.Co. CAROLINA CHICKADEE — Egg Dates: Nineteen records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 3-29-38 (3e) R.Co.; Median Date: 4-23-36 (7e) R.Co., 4-23-38 (4e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 5-8-36 (le) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: one set with le, one set with 3e, five sets with 4e, four sets with 5e, five sets with 6e, three sets with 7e. Young: Five records. 4-19-38 (6y) R.Co., 5-1-37 (5y) R.Co., 5-9-37 (3y2e) R.Co., 5-9-37 (4y2e) R.Co., 6-19-38 (2y) R.Co. TUFTED TITMOUSE — Egg Dates: Three records. 4-17-49 (3e) R.Co., 5-6-36 (6e) R.Co., 5-15-66 (8e) R.Co. Young: One record. 4-19-38 (6y) R.Co. [VoL. 46, 1975] THE MIGRANT 33 1975 I BEwiTKs WREN — Egg Dates: Seventy-nine records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 3-15-38 (4e) R.Co.; Median Dates: 5-1-37 (le) R.Co., 5-1-37 (6e) R.Co. and j 5-3-37 (3e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 8-1-37 (4e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: two sets I with le, two sets with 2e, three sets with 3e, seven sets with 4e, ten sets with j 5e, twenty-nine sets with 6e, twenty-one sets with 7e, three sets with 8e, one I set with 9e, one set with 12e. I Young: Twelve records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 4-12-3 8 (7y) R.Co.; J Median Date: 5-19-39 (6y) R.Co.; Latest Date: 7-20-67 (5y) R.Co.; Brood ! Sizes: one with 3y, one with 4y, five with 5y, four with 6y, one with 7y. CAROLINA WREN — Egg Dates: Nine records. 3-27-38 (2e) R.Co., 4-10-36 (5e) R.Co., 4-17-50 (2e) R.Co., 4-24-36 (5e) R.Co., 4-24-38 (2e) R.Co., 5-13-64 (6e) R.Co., 5-17-64 (5e) R.Co., 6-4-50 (4e) R.Co., 7-3-38 (5e) R.Co. Young: Two records. 5-26-52 ( 5y) R.Co., 7-28-40 (5y) R.Co. MOCKINGBIRD — Egg Dates: Eighty-six records, eighty-five R.Co., one Ca.Co. Earliest Date: 3-29-38 (3e) R.Co.; Median Dates: 5-20-37 (le) R.Co., 5- 20-38 (5e) R.Co., 5-20-57 (3e) R.Co. and 5-28-38 (4e) R.Co., 5-28-50 (3e) R.Co., 5-28-69 (4e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 7-21-36 (4e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: eleven sets with le, seven sets with 2e, twenty sets with 3e, forty sets with 4e, eight sets with 5e. Eighteen records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 4-30-3 8 (4y) R.Co.; Median Dates: 6-6-70 (3y) R.Co. and 6-7-37 (4y) R.Co.; Latest Date: 8-8-65 (2y) R.Co.; Brood Sizes: two with ly, four with 2y, six with 3y, six with 4y. GRAY CATBIRD — Egg Dates: Sixteen records, fifteen R.Co., one Ma.Co. Earliest Date: 5-2-49 (2e) R.Co.; Median Date: 5-22-37 (5e) R.Co., 5-22-38 (5e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 7-4-37 (le) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: two sets with le, one set with 2e, five sets with 3e, six sets with 4e, two sets with 5e. Young: One record. 7-4-37 (ly3e) Ma.Co. BROWN THRASHER — Egg Dates: Seventy-eight records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 4-6-3 8 (4e) R.Co.; Median Date: 5-7-3 8 (2e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 6- 30-37 (3e) R.Co., 6-30-38 (2e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: nine sets with le, nine sets with 2e, twenty-four sets with 3e, twenty-nine sets with 4e, seven sets with 5e. Young: Sixteen records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 4-20-3 8 (3y) R.Co.; Median Dates: 5-20-37 (3y) R.Co., 5-20-37 (3y) R.Co.; Latest Date: 7-27-52 (3y) R.Co.; Brood Sizes: one with ly, twelve with 3y, three with 4y. AMERICAN ROBIN — Egg Dates: Thirty-nine records, thirty-eight R.Co., one Li.Co. Earliest Date: 3-31-38 (4e) R.Co.; Median Date: 4-28-36 (4e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 7-1-38 (3e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: three sets with le, one set with 2e, sixteen sets with 3e, nineteen sets with 4e. Young: Eighteen records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 4-11-3 8 (ly2e) R.Co.; Median Dates: 4-23-38 (3y) R.Co., 4-23-38 (3y) R.Co. and 4-27-38 (3y) [VoL. 46, 1975] 34 THE MIGRAlNT JUNE R.Co.; Latest Date: 8-10-3 8 (3y) R.Co.; Brood Sizes: two with ly, two with 2y, eight with 3y, six with 4y. WOOD THRUSH — Egg Dates: Three records. 5-14-3 8 (2e) R.Co., 5-23-36 (3e) R.Co., 5-28-38 (3e) R.Co. EASTERN BLUBRIRD — Egg Dates: Eighty-seven records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 3-10-49 (4e) R.Co.; Median Dates: 5-1-37 (le) R.Co., 5-1-37 (5e) R.Co. and 5-3-38 (5e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 7-28-38 (3e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: seven sets with le, four sets with 2e, nine sets with 3e, twenty-nine sets with 4e, twenty-eight sets with 5e. Young: Forty-four records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 4-2-3 8 (ly4e) R.Co.; Median Date: 5-17-37 (4y) R.Co.; Latest Date: 8-11-38 (4y) R.Co.; Brood Sizes: two with ly, five with 2y, thirteen with 3y, ten with 4y, thirteen with 5y, one with 6y. BLUE-GRAY GNATCATCHER — Egg Dates: Twenty-four records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 4-11-38 (2e) R.Co.; Median Date: 5-6-36 (4e) R.Co.; 5-6-36 (5e) R.Co., 5-6-36 (5e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 6-10-50 (5e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: two sets with 2e, nine sets with 4e, thirteen sets with 5e. Young: One record. 6-1-38 (4y) R.Co. LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE — Egg Dates: Thirteen records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 3-13-47 (le) R.Co.; Median Date: 4-14-57 (2e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 5-9-36 (5e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: one set with le, three sets with 2e, one set with 4e, five sets with 5e, two sets with 6e, one set with 7e. Young: Two records. 4-6-56 (6y) R.Co., 4-21-56 (6y) R.Co. STARLING — Egg Dates: Seventy-five records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 3-29-53 (2e) R.Co.; Median Date: 5-1-69 (4e) R.Co., 5-1-69 (5e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 6-22-67 (4e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: one set with le, two sets with 2e, three sets with 3e, twenty- three sets with 4e, thirty-five sets with 5e, nine sets with 6e, two sets with 7e, one set with 9e. Young: Thirteen records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 4-19-67 (4y) R.Co.; Median Date: 5-17-72 (4y) R.Co.; Latest Date: 6-22-69 (4y) R.Co.; Brood Sizes: two with 3y, seven with 4y, three with 5y, one with 6y. WHITE-EYED viREO — Egg Dates: Eight records. 4-2 8-48 (4e) R.Co., 5-6-36 (4e) R.Co., 5-14-36 (3e) R.Co., 5-24-38 (le) R.Co., 6-19-38 (le) R.Co., 7-7-37 (3e) R.Co., 7-11-37 (2e) R.Co., 7-19-38 (3e) R.Co. Young: One record. 6-19-3 8 (2y) R.Co. RED-EYED VIREO — Egg Dates: Three records. 6-5-36 (3e) R.Co., 6-24-3 8 (3e) R.Co., 7-1-38 (3e) R.Co. Young: Two records. 6-12-37 (3y) R.Co., 7-5-38 (3y) R.Co. YELLOW WARBLER — Egg Dates: Three records. 5-9-36 (5e) R.Co., 5-12- 37 (5e) R.Co., 5-25-37 (4e) R.Co. [VoL. 46, 197S] 1975 THE MIGRANT 35 PRAIRIE WARBLER — Egg Dates: Four records. 4-30-3 8 (4e) R.Co., 5-8-36 (4e) R.Co., 5-13-38 (4e) R.Co., 7-25-37 (le) R.Co. Young: Two records. 7-17-37 (4y) R.Co., 7-24-3 8 (2y) R.Co. KENTUCKY WARBLER — Egg Dates: One record. 5-15-38 (4e) R.Co. COMMON YELLOWTHROAT — Egg Dates: Six records. 5-12-37 (4e) R.Co., 5-22-37 (4e) R.Co., 5-22-37 (4e) R.Co., 5-25-37 (le) R.Co., 5-25-37 (3e) R.Co., 6-1-37 (3e) R.Co. Young: Two records. 6-3-37 (4y) R.Co., 6-3-3 8 (4yle) R.Co. YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT — Egg Dates: Eight records. 5-20-3 8 (4e) R.Co., 5- 21-36 (3e) R.Co., 5-22-36 (5e) R.Co., 5-22-38 (4e) R.Co., 5-29-37 (4e) R.Co., 6-18-38 (2e) R.Co., 6-21-37 (4e) R.Co., 6-23-37 (3e) R.Co. Young: One record. 7-7-37 (4y) R.Co. HOODED WARBLER — Egg Dates: One record. 5-17-36 (4e) R.Co. HOUSE SPARROW — Egg Dates: Eleven records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 3-29-53 (3e) R.Co., 3-29-53 (5e) R.Co.; Median Dates: 4-28-36 (4e) R.Co. and 5-25-36 ( 5e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 6-15-37 (6e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: one set with 3e, three sets with 4e, four sets with 5e, two sets with 6e, one set with 7e. Young: One record. 430-52 (3y) R.Co. EASTERN MEADOWLARK — Egg Dates: Fifty-three records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 4-6-38 (3e) R.Co.; Median Date: 5-14-36 (6e) R.Co., 5-14- 3 8 (5e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 7-8-68 (4e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: two sets with le, two sets with 2e, five sets with 3e, ten sets with 4e, thirty-one sets with 5e, three sets with 6e. Young: Nine records. 4-25-3 8 (5y) R.Co., 5-3-63 (4y) R.Co., 5-3-63 (4y) R.Co., 6-2-38 (ly) R.Co., 6-3-37 (4y) R.Co., 6-5-38 (5y) R.Co., 6- 19-37 (4y) R.Co., 6-28-37 (2y2e) R.Co., 7-6-61 (4y) R.Co. RED- WINGED BLACKBIRD — ^Egg Dates: Forty-four records, twenty R.Co., thirteen Ma.Co., six Wa.Co., four Fr.Co., one Gr.Co. Earliest Date: 5-1-38 (3e) Wa.Co., 5-1-38 (4e) Wa.Co., 5-1-38 (4e) Wa.Co., 5-1-38 (4e) Wa.Co., 5-1-38 (4e) Gr.Co., 5-1-38 (4e) R.Co.; Median Dates: 5-16-37 (2e) Fr.Co., 5-16-37 (3e) Fr. Co., 5-16-37 (4e) Fr.Co., 5-16-37 (4e) Fr.Co. and 5-17-59 (4e) R.Co., 5-17-59 (4e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 7-4-37 (le) Ma.Co., 7-4-37 (le) Ma.Co., 7-4-37 (le) Ma.Co., 7-4-37 (2e) Ma.Co., 7-4-37 (2e) Ma.Co., 7-4-37 (2e) Ma.Co., 7-4-37 (2e) Ma.Co., 7-4-37 (2e) Ma.Co., 7-4-37 (3e) Ma.Co., 7-4-37 (3e) Ma.Co., 7-4-37 (3e) Ma.Co., 7- 4-37 (4e) MaCo., 7-4-37 (4e) Ma.Co.; Clutch Sizes: three sets with le, six sets with 2e, twelve sets with 3e, twenty-three sets with 4e. Young: Fifteen records, nine Ma.Co., five R.Co., one Wa.Co. Earliest Date: 5-21-37 (ly3e) R.Co.; Median Date: 6-2-37 (2y) R.Co.; Latest Date: 7-19-70 (3y) R.Co.; Brood Sizes: two with ly, five with 2y, eight with 3y. [VoL. 46, 1975] 36 THE MIGRANT JUNE ORCHARD ORIOLE — Egg Dates: Twenty-five records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 3- 8-38 (4e) R.Co.; Median Dates: 5-28-37 (5e) R.Co. and 5-29-36 (4e) R.Co., 5-29-37 (5e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 6-23-37 (4e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: one set with 3e, twelve sets with 4e, twelve sets with 5e. Young: Five records. 6-3>3 8 (ly4e) R.Co., 6-4-37 (4y) R.Co., 6-7-5 3 (4y) R.Co., 6-14-37 (4y) R.Co., 7-1-38 (4y) R.Co. Observations: Dates of spring arrival, fifteen years records, all R.C. Earliest Date: 4-14-72 (1) R.Co.; Median Date: 4-21-57 (1) R.Co., 4-21-63 (1) R.Co.; Latest Date: 4-27-58 (1) R.Co. NORTHERN (BALTIMORE) ORIOLE — Probable Nesting: One record. 5-17-59 (2 'birds) seen around what appeared to be an old nest in a Hackberry tree at the Todd homeplace at Trimble, R.Co. Another old nest was found in this same tree after the nesting season of the previous year. COMMON CRACKLE — Egg Dates: Sixty-four records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 4- 11-38 (5e) R.Co.; Median Dates: 4-27-36 (6e) R.Co., 4-27-69 (5e) R.Co., 4-27-69 (5e) R.Co., 4-27-69 (5e) R.Co., 4-27-69 (5e) R.Co., 4-27-69 (5e) R.Co. and 4-28-36 (6e) R.Co., 4-28-37 (4e) R.Co., 4-28-37 (4e) R.Co., 4-28-37 (5e) R.Co., 4-28-37 (5e) R.Co., 4-28-37 (5e) R.Co., 4-28-68 (4e) R.Co., 4-28-68 (4e) R.Co., 4-28-68 (4e) R.Co., 4-28-68 (5e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 5-22-36 (4e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: three sets with 2e, two sets with 3e, twenty-two sets with 4e, twenty-nine sets with 5e, eight sets with 6e. Young: Three records. 4-24-3 8 (3y3e) R.Co., 5-17-70 (4y) R.Co., 5-31- 3 8 (4y) R.Co. SUMMER TANAGER — Egg Dates: Nine records. 5-13-38 (2e) R.Co., 5-15-37 (3e) R.Co., 5-26-37 (3e) R.Co., 5-28-38 (3e) R.Co., 5-31-37 (3e) R.Co., 6-5-38 (3e) R.Co., 6-20-38 (2e) R.Co., 6-20-38 (3e) R.Co., 7-5-37 (3e) R.Co. Young: Three records. 6-1-3 8 (2y) R.Co., 6-3-37 (ly2e) R.Co., 6-20-36 (lyle) R.Co. CARDINAL — ^Egg Dates: Thirty-eight records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 4-5-38 (3e) R.Co.; Median Dates: 5-2-37 (3e) R.Co. and 5-6-3 8 (3e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 7-28-36 (3e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: three sets with 2e, thirty-four sets with 3e, one set with 4e. Young: Two records. 6-6-38 (3y) R.Co., 6-12-52 (3y) R.Co. Observations: 3-10-3 8 (an albino) was collected near Shiloh, R.Co. INDIGO BUNTING — Egg Dates: Thirty records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 4-21- 57 (3e) R.Co.; Median Date: 6-19-37 (4e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 7-24-49 (4e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: four sets with le, two sets with 2e, sixteen sets with 3e, eight sets with 4e. Young: Four records. 6-3-38 (4y) R.Co., 6-9-38 (3y) R.Co., 6-24-38 (2y) R.Co., 6-24-3 8 (3y) R.Co. DiCKCissEL — Egg Dates: One record. 5-16-37 (2e) R.Co. [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 37 AMERICAN GOLDFINCH — Egg Dates: Eight records. 7-1-36 (5e) R.Co., 7-18-38 (4e) R.Co., 7-25-37 (5e) R.Co., 8-4-36 (4e) R.Co., 8-4-36 (4e) R.Co., 8-6-37 (5e) R.Co., 8-9-36 (5e) R.Co., 8-9-36 (5e) R.Co. Young: One record. 7-2 5-37 (5y) R.Co. RUFOUS-SIDED TOWHEE — Egg Dates: Twenty-three records, all R.Co. Ear- liest Date: 4-12-59 (3e) R.Co.; Median Date: 5-6-36 (3e) R.Co., 5-6-36 (5e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 7-5-}7 (3e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: one set with le, one set with 2e, thirteen sets with 3e, seven sets with 4e, one set with 5e. Young: Two records. 4-25-37 (3y) R.Co., 6-24-37 (ly) R.Co. GRASSHOPPER SPARROW — Egg Dates: Ten records. 5-3-38 (4e) R.Co., 5-12- 36 (le) R.Co., 5-14-36 (5e) R.Co., 5-15-37 (5e) R.Co., 5-16-38 (5e) R.Co., 6-1-38 (3e) R.Co., 6-1-38 (4e) R.Co., 6-2-38 (le) R.Co., 6-19-37 (2e) R.Co., 6M9-37 (4e) R.Co. Young: Three records. 5-20-3 8 (4yle) R.Co., 5-2 5-37 (ly4e) R.Co., 6-2-37 (4y) R.Co. LARK SPARROW — Egg Dates: Seventeen records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 5- 6-38 (4e) R.Co.; Median Date: 6-9-38 (le) R.Co.; Latest Date: 7-2-50 (3e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: one set with le, four sets with 3e, ten sets with 4e, two sets with 5e. Young: Five records. 5-17-5 5 (5y) R.Co., 5-28-38 (4y) R.Co., 6-1-52 (4y) R.Co., 6-2-38 (3y) R.Co., 6-19-38 (3y) R.Co. Bachman’s sparrow — Young: One record. 6-7-36 (3y) R.Co. CHIPPING SPARROW — Egg Dates: Thirty-seven records, all R.Co. Earliest Date: 4-13-56 (4e) R.Co.; Median Date: 5-15-37 (3e) R.Co., 5-15-37 (4e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 8-8-3 8 (le) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: four sets with le, nine sets with 2e, ten sets with 3e, fourteen sets with 4e. Young: Four records. 5-9-37 (4y) R.Co., 6-19-49 (2y) R.Co., 6-21-3 8 (ly) R.Co., 7-1-38 (2yle) R.Co. FIELD SPARROW — Egg Dates: Forty-two records, forty-one R.Co., one Fr.Co. Earliest Date: 4-17-38 (4e) R.Co.; Median Dates: 6-3-38 (le) R.Co. and 6- 5-38 (le) R.Co., 6-5-38 (3e) R.Co.; Latest Date: 7-28-36 (4e) R.Co., 7- 28-36 (4e) R.Co.; Clutch Sizes: seven sets with le, five sets with 2e, eleven sets with 3e, nineteen sets with 4e. Young: Eight records. 5-12-37 (ly3e) R.Co., 6-2-38 (4y) R.Co., 6-4-37 (4y) R.Co., 6-5-38 (4y) R.Co., 6-7-37 (2y) R.Co., 6-7-38 (4y) R.Co., 6-29-37 (3y) R.Co., 7-20-52 (3y) R.Co. Observations: 12-2 5-3 8 ( 1 albino male) was collected R.Co. 4922 Sarasota Drive, Hixson, Tennessee 37343. [VoL. 46, 1975] 38 THE MIGRAiNT JUNE i MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL SPRING MEETING, 1975 j The 60th Annual Meeting of the Board of Directors of the Tennessee ! Ornithological Society was held on 4 May 1975 at the Holiday Inn in Co- 1 lumbia, Tennessee. The meeting was called to order by the President, Mrs. Noreen Smith with 34 members present, five represented by proxy. The minutes from the May, 1974 meeting were approved as printed in The Migrant. An abbreviated form ! of the minutes of the Fall, 1974 meeting were read. The approval of the com- plete minutes will be in October, 1975 after they have been printed in The i Migrant. | THE treasurer’s REPORT was presented by Mr. Ken Dubke, the summary | of which follows: I Balance on hand, 2 May 1975 $2,695.04 Income as Itemized 4,63 0.09 ! $7,325.13 I Disbursements as Itemized 4,325.13 ! Balance in Checking Account, 30 April 1975 2,999.97 Endowment Fund of 63 8.684 shares of M.I.T. at $9.80 per share for a total i value of $6,259.10. Mr. Ganier’s bequest of $1,000 was placed in the M.I.T. | fund. The savings account showed a total of $5,388.70. There are 710 paid . members for the 1975-1976 year. REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE: Mr. Oscar Patrick, Chairman of I the Finance Committee gave the following report: After reviewing and dis- 1 cussing the finances of the Society, the committee by a unanimous vote recom- mends that the dues not be increased for 1976. The savings account in the ! amount of $5,388.70 which included the Gordon H. Briley Estate Bequest was | received, and by a unanimous vote the committee recommends that the Ten- nessee Ornithological Society buy five certificates of deposit in a banking corporation or Federal Savings and Loans Association at the highest interest rate. The interest to be retained in the certificates of deposit. The committee : recommends that at the discretion of the treasurer, the operating funds may be i transferred between the checking account and a regular savings account for the purpose of accuring interest. Mr. Patrick moved that the recommendations be adopted. Dr. Lee Herndon seconded, the motion carried. REPORT OF THE NOMINATING COMMITTEE: Mrs. E. E. Overton, chairperson of the Nominating Committee, presented the slate of officers: Vresident: Ray Jordan V ice-Presidents : West Tenn. — Julian Darlington Middle Tenn. — ^Paul Crawford East Tenn. — Bill Williams Treasurer: Kenneth Dubke Curator: James Tanner Directors-at-Large: West — ^^Mrs. C. K. J. Sumara Middle — ^David Hassler East — John DeVore Secretary: Miss Louise Jackson Editor: Gary O. Wallace [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 39 Mrs. Lula Coflfey made a motion to accept the Nominating Committee’s slate, Dr. George Mayfield seconded, the motion carried. I VICE presidents’ reports: There were no reports from the Vice Presidents. I Mrs. Noreen Smith, President, did state there might be a possibility of a Reel- il foot Chapter being formed in the near future. CONSERVATION REPORT: Mrs. Noreen Smith reported on the status of the I Duck River Heronry. There are 79 nests with some activity. The trees within the heronry continue to die and fall because of the high water level main- tained by the TVA. Dr. George Mayfield and Mr. Bill Yambert will work together in an effort to have TVA lower the water level in the area. FIELD CARD REVISION COMMITTEE: The Committee after several months of careful work completed the revision of the new field cards. The new cards were printed by the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency and will be dis- tributed by them. A vote of thanks was made to the committee members: Dr. Katherine Goodpasture, Chairperson, Mr. Ben B. Coffey, Jr., Dr. George May- field, Rev. Bill Senter, Dr. James Tanner, Mr. Bill Yambert. Chapters and individuals may order the new cards from the following addresses: Director, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville, Tennessee 37204: or Mr. Bill Yambert, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville, Tennessee 37204. BREEDING BIRD CENSUS: Dr. Katherine Goodpasture reported that the Breed- ing Bird Census was complete last year and will be complete this year. foray: Mrs. Noreen Smith presented information about the Foray. It will be held in Lauderdale County, 23, 24, 2 5 May. Motel information, maps and any additional information was made available. Chapters not present will re- ceive information in the mail. editor’s REPORT: Dr. Gary Wallace made no report concerning The Migrant. He did note the members of the Certification Committee of New Species for Tennessee. They are: Dr. Gary Wallace, Chairperson, Dr. James Tanner, Dr. Katherine Goodpasture, Mr. Ben B. Coffey, Jr. emblems/ PATCHES: Mr. Ken Dubke reported that patches and emblems are still available. The total expense was $737.29 with $418.00 collected thus far. DIXON MERRITT MEMORIAL: Reverend William Senter reported that the Dixon Merritt Committee had made the following advancements: 1 ) The State Department of Conversation had accepted the recommenda- tions presented to them. 2) A site for a trail had not yet been selected. (Cedars of Lebanon State Park) 3) The old bathhouse has been renovated to a Nature and Interpretative Center named in honor of Dixon Merritt. (Cedars of Lebanon State Park) There will be three descriptive plaques of etched aluminum placed in the structure. A motion was made by Rev. Senter that the T.O.S. underwrite [VoL. 46, 1975] 40 THE MIGRAiNT JUNE $120.00 for the center plaque. Dr. James Tanner seconded, the motion carried. The members of T.O'.S. are asked to donate the necessary money for the plaque. The other two plaques will be provided by the Lebanon Chapter, the Wilson County Historical Society and the Family of Dixon Merritt. ADDITIONAL BUSINESS: Reverend Senter moved to delete "college and uni- versity students” from Article II, Section 6 of the State Constitution. Dr. Arlo Smith seconded, the motion carried 27 to 7. Mrs. Noreen Smith reported on Eagle Days at Reelfoot. There were guided tours and an evening interpretative program. The State plans to have Eagle Days every year and the T.O.S. members were urged to attend. The 1975 statewide census showed that there were 176 Bald Eagles in Tennessee (116 at Reelfoot) and 7 Golden Eagles. RAPTOR NESTING CENSUS REPORT: Mr. Bill Yambert reported that the State has suggested a study of the raptors in the state. The method has not yet been determined. However, T.O.S. members will be asked to find and/or check nests. When information has been compiled it will be mailed to each chapter. Mr. George Wessner reported a new edition printing of the Birds of the Nashville Chapter. They are for sale from the Nashville Chapter. The cost is $1.50 for members of T.O.S. and $2.00 for non-members. A discussion then followed concerning the Directors-at-Large status. A suggestion was made to delete Directors-at-Large from the Constitution at the Fall meeting. The Spring meeting for 1976 will be in East Tennessee. There was no invi- tation from any chapter. The Fall meeting for 1975 will be 10, 11, 12 October at Holiday Hills at Cross ville, TN. Rooms have been reserved for those who wish to make reserva- tions early. Martha Waldron, Recording Secretary ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING Following the banquet at Holiday Inn, the Business meeting was called to order. Mrs. Noreen Smith, President, welcomed all the members. The roll was called with 112 members in attendance. Mrs. Noreen Smith presented the items which had been discussed at the Board of Directors meeting. Mrs. Overton presented the new officers, a motion was made by Dr. George Mayfield to accept the slate. The motion was sec- onded and approved by the membership in attendance. Miss Mary Davant reported for the Resolutions Committee. The report is attached as part of these minutes. The speaker for the evening was Dr. Daniel Gray. He presented an interest- ing and informative talk on falconary. [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 41 Dr. Ray Jordan, our new President, gave a summary of ways T.O.S, can continue to be an active, viable force in bird study and conservation. Mrs. Noreen Smith expressed appreciation to the various officers and com- mittees for their efforts in making the meeting a success. The meeting was adjourned. RESOLUTIONS The Tennessee Ornithological Society, in meeting at Columbia, Tennessee 2, 3, and 4 May 1975 wishes to express its sincere appreciation to the Columbia Chapter for its gracious hospitality. Thanks go to all the members, with special acknowledgment to the follow- ing committees: Co-chairman: George Mayfield, Day Gray; Publicity: Barbara Finney; Registration: Louise Hardison, Dot Byassee, Rachel Garrett, Mildred Walker, Mrs. W. G. Elder; Food: Mary Lucy Fuqua, Cleo Mayfield, Mary Lyles, Ann Lockridge; Decorations: Elizabeth Anderson, Dan Gray, Tom Hendrickson, Olin Hotchkiss, Bedford Lockridge, Bill Fuqua, Ed Byassee. Respectfully submitted by the Resolutions Committee, Mary Davant and Ellen Stringer. The LEBANON CHAPTER OF T.O.S. invites every T.O.S. member to be our guest for breakfast at Cedar Forest, 18 October 1975. We would like for you to become acquainted with the Dixon Lanier Merritt Memorial Center. 17 October: 8:00 P.M. — Owl Prowl, Stuckey’s Parking Lot at 1-40 and US 231. H October: 6:00 A.M. — Bird walks 8:00 A.M,. — Breakfast Any suggestions for nature trails or bird walks will be welcomed after you have had an opportunity to visit the center and the area. We will be happy to make reservations for you at one of the motels in Lebanon or you may prefer to camp in the park campground. Please let us know by 16 Oc- tober if you can come. ROUND TABLE NOTES THE NESTING OF VIRGINIA RAILS IN HAWKINS COUNTY— On 27 April 1974, while searching a small marsh on Phipps Bend of the Holston River in Hawkins County, Tenn., we flushed an adult Virginia Rail (Kalins limicola). The bird flew about 30 feet and dropped back into the marsh. The rail had flushed within 5 feet of both observers and was seen clearly, making identification easy. One observer, having previously seen Virginia Rails, made [VoL. 46, 1975] 42 THE MIGRANT JUNE a positive identification. The long, slightly decurved hill, small size and reddish brown color were easily seen. We went to the point from where the bird had I flushed and discovered a nest containing 9 eggs. The nest was located in a clump of bulrush (Scirptis sp.) and sedge (Carex sp.). The lip of the nest ! was approximately 10' inches from the water surface. We made further efforts to see the bird at this time but were unsuccessful. ' The marsh is located in a large pasture and comprises an area of about 8 acres. During most of the year, there is an abundant supply of water to the S marsh, but in late summer and fall, the marsh is dry except for a small stream running through the center. Some small trees line parts of the stream and there ; is a stand of small trees in one part of the marsh. Sedges and rushes, along with some invading pasture grass made up most of the ground cover vegetation. The marsh was visited again on 30 April, this time in company with Dr. Fred J. Alsop. Two additional Virginia Rail nests were found. One nest con- tained 7 eggs. Another partially destroyed nest was found in a recently burned i section of the marsh and contained only eggshell fragments. One egg from i| the first nest was measured and found to be 3 5 by 23 mm. Bent, in his Life Histories of North American Marsh Birds', lists the average measurements of i Virginia Rail eggs as being 32 by 24 mm. He states that the average size of the King Rail {Kalhcs elegans) is 41 by 30 mm. This would seem to eliminate ! the possibility of the eggs being those of the King Rail. Two Virginia Rails were observed on this visit. J On 1 May, Dr. Alsop attempted to photograph the adult on the nest, but s the bird would not cover the eggs although he waited in a blind for 3 hours. Ten feet was as close as the bird would return to the nest. I Another visit to the marsh on 4 May revealed no change in either active nest. A Virginia Rail was observed near the first nest. On 18 May, the first nest was found to contain only eggshell fragments, j and the second nest contained 2 eggs. These 2 eggs were gone on 25 May. We believe all three nests found were those of Virginia Rails and that they represent the second, third, and fourth reported nesting records of this species j in Tennessee. The first record of the Virginia Rail nesting in Tennessee was made by Mr. E. M. West on 5 May 1963 in the Amnicola marsh near Chattanooga {The Migrant, 34:20-21). There are two additional probable nesting records for the Virginia Rail in the southeastern U. S. known to us, one near Atlanta in 14 June 1970 {Audubon Field Notes, 24(5) :672) and one at Leeville, Louisiana on 2 5 May 1969 {Audtibon Field Notes, 23(5):668). Soras {Porzana Carolina) were heard calling from the marsh on 27, 30 April, 1 May, and 6 June. Alan B. Smith, Route 1, WJSO Road, Johnson City 37601. Richard P. Lewis, Route 3, Box 683B, Erwin 37650. Fred J. Alsop, III, Dept, of Biology, Kingsport University Center, East Tennessee State University, Kingsport 37660. [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 43 THE SEASON [ This long winter season found many Tennessee birders in the field across the State and produced many interesting records including some of species rarely recorded in Tennessee. This appears not to be a good winter for Northern I Finches with few reports and fewer numbers even in the mountainous eastern sections of the State. However, our overall report of observations is incomplete I due to the absence of the records from the Central Plateau and Basin Region which were not available when this report was written. i i Several reports are of late migrating and wintering birds which normally j don’t stay this far north. There were many late observations of warblers, I vireos, orioles, and grosbeaks especially in the Western Coastal Plain Region where a Cape May Warbler was observed on 9 January. Dunlin and Least Sand- pipers both wintered in the Eastern Ridge and Valley Region in the Chattanooga area. Perhaps the most unusual sightings are of a Black-headed Grosbeak and a 1 Ground Dove in the Western Coastal Plain; Long-eared Owls near Greeneville, I and a Red-necked Grebe near Chattanooga in the Eastern Ridge and Valley; a Red-throated Loon and a Surf Scoter were found in the Eastern Mountain Region. The Brant reported in the Hiwassee River Area last Seasou remained into this one until it was killed by a hunter. 1 Birders and fellow T.O.S. members, we need your help! Send your records to your regional compiler on a monthly basis. Don’t wait until he requests them. Help us to get your journal out on time. WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN REGION— The season’s weather for this ! area averaged 3.2 degrees warmer on the whole. There were several strong fronts ^ which swept thru the area. It was following these fronts that the BLACK- j HEADED GROSBEAK was sighted. Precipitation was on the average about 1.30 inches above normal for each month except January when precipitation 1 was 1.28 below normal. ! The first Purple Martin scout was sighted in Memphis on 23 February. The Migrant has reported earlier dates for the Memphis area, i.e., 2-16-56 and 2-20-52. The average arrival dates have been around the first of March. [VoL. 46, 197J] 44 THE MIGRAiNT j, JUNE Cedar Waxwing had been scarce until Mid- January when several large j flocks were sighted in different areas. A flock of approximately 1,000 was sighted in Audubon Park (city park in Memphis) 2 February. Grebe-Eagle: Horned Grebe: 21 Nov. (3) L (BM). OLD SQUAW: 13 Feb. (1 male) Blue Basin, R (JL). Greater Yellowlegs: 7 Nov. (1) HDRU (JL). ' Pectoral Sandpiper: 19 Feb. (8) HDRU (JL). Avocet: 7 Nov. (2) HDRU ! (JL) . GROUND DOVE: 3 Dec. (1) HDRU Photographed by Jerald Led- ll better, 6 Dec. (PC), 7 Dec. (MB). This is the 3rd TN record, the first was | 06-04-1895 by Samuel Rhoads, which is considered doubtful, the second was one j that was banded in Savannah, TN 10-2-68. SHORT-EARED OWL: 24 Nov. (1) HDRU (JL, DW). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 31 Dec., 3 Jan., 5 Jan. (1) Penal Farm, M (AL). ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK: 22 Nov. (1) R, south of > Walnut Log Rd., R (DJ, BB), 2 5 Nov. (1) southeast Shelby Co. (LCC, | MFC), 8 Dec. (2) Penal Farm, M, 13 Dec. (1) Penal Farm, M (HD, HSD), 2 5 Jan. (1) Raleigh (MEC) . Bald Eagle: 10 Feb. (1 adult) H, DRU (JL). j Swallow-Sparrow: Tree Swallow: 10 Feb. (2) HDRU (JL) observed at [ 100'-200'. House Wren: 22 Nov. (1) Ellington Center (1) West of Lake R ; (BB, DJ), 2 5 Oct., 6 Nov., 4 Dec., 8 Dec., 13 and 14 Dec., 23 Dec., 30 Dec. 5 (1) Raleigh (MEC). Solitary Vireo: 4 Nov. (1) D (VL), Tennessee Warbler: j 6 Nov. (1) R (MEC). Orange-crowned Warbler: 5 Nov. (1) D (VL), 20 Dec. (1) 23 Dec., 7 Dec., 4 Jan., 7 Jan. (1) D (CH). Nashville Warbler: i 18 Nov. (1) Raleigh (MEC). Cape May Warbler: 9 Jan. (1) HDRU (JL). j Bay-breasted Warbler: 7 Nov. (1) M (HD). Palm Warbler: 24 Nov. (1) HDRU (JL, DW), 9 Jan. (2) HDRU (JL) same area as the Palm Warbler reported last winter, 19 Feb. (1) HDRU (JL) Common Yellowthroat: 19 Feb. j (1) HDRU (JL). Brewer’s Blackbird: 2 Jan. (20) Hatchie ( JL) . Northern j Oriole: 6 Dec. (1) D (JL), 27 Jan. (1) G (MCS, MEC). Rose-breasted Gros- j beak: 16 Nov. (1) M (BG). BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK: 13 Jan. (1) J M (AHB, HHD, BLC), this bird remained in the area approx, six days. Sum- ^ mer Tanager: 16 Nov. (1) M (HSD). Tree Sparrow: 22 Nov. (2) Walnut ? Log Rd., R (BB), 19 Feb. (7) H, DRU (JL), first for area. Local ions: L — ^Lakeview, MS (This area is just south of the Shelby County, TN line.) R — Reelfoot. HDRU — Hutsburg, Duck River Unit, Tennessee Na- ^ tional Wildlife Refuge. Penal Farm — southeast Shelby County. Raleigh — north- jj east Shelby County. D — ^Dyersburg. M^ — Memphis. Hatchie — Hatchie River, Tennessee National Wildlife Refuge. G — Germantown, TN, east of Memphis, within Shelby Co. Observers: BM — Bob McGowan. JL — Jerald Ledbetter. PC — ^Paul Crawford. MB— Mike Bierly. DW— Dick Whittington. AL— Allan Larrabee. DJ— Daniel Jacobson. BB — Brunson Block. LCC — ^Lula C. Coffey. MEC — Mrs. Ed Carpen- ter. HD — Helen Dinkelspiel. HSD — Henry S. Dinkelspiel. VL^ — Virginia Lamb. CH — ^Ceclia Hudson. AHB — Ann and Howard Brown. HHD — Henry and Helen Dinkelspiel. BLC — Ben and Lula Coffey. BG — Billy Grimm. Martha Waldron, 1626 Yorkshire Dr., Memphis 3 8117. [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 45 EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY REGION— As was last year, this was a very wet winter. Temperatures averaged several degrees above normal and I there was very little snowfall. I Very large flocks of Killdeer and American Robins were noted in the Chat- I tanooga area. Few Ring-billed and Herring Gulls were reported, but wintering I Bonaparte’s Gulls appear to be increasing in numbers. This was an off year for i northern finches in this Region. Purple Finches were present in lower than J normal numbers and Pine Siskins were not found in the region. Evening Gros- beaks and Red-breasted Nuthatches were reported in a few areas. j Several unusual species were reported. Probably the most spectacular were j two Long-eared Owls near Greeneville. These were the first to be observed in East Tennessee in many seasons. The Chattanooga area reported a RED- I NECKED GREBE, a Pigeon Hawk, and two Rough-legged Hawks. Loon-Bittern: Common Loon: 1-4 reg. at ChL and NL (KLD, DRJ) ; 4 Dec. (1), 24 Jan. (1), 14 Feb. (3) BE (MD, SG, EO). RED-NECKED GREBE: 18 Feb. (1) BWP (KLD) details to be published. Horned Grebe: 15 Nov. (4), 4 Dec. (5) BE (MD, HD, SG); 1-8 reg. from 18 Nov. at ChL, NL (KLD, DRJ, LSF). Double-crested Cormorant: 1-4 irreg. thru 13 Jan. at HRA (KLD); 15-21 Nov. (2) PHL (MD, SG, RL, GW, JW) . Great Blue Heron: 24 Jan. (26) PHL (MD, SG); max. 3 Mar. (75) HRA (KLD). American Bittern: 16 Feb. (1) AM, (DRJ). Swan-Merganser: WHISTLING SWAN: 8 Nov. (1) BL (MD); 6-16 Jan. (2) BL (LRH, RL) ; 15-16 Feb. (2) SB (LD, et al). Canada Goose: 4 Dec. (1) BL (MD, SG); 19 Jan. (18) SeV (LSF); 17 Feb. (40) LM (GLB) ; reg. at CL, max. 8 Feb. (3 5 0) (JCH, JHu). BRANT: same bird as last period, present thru 21 Nov., when shot by hunter, at HRA (Arnold Aslinger, fide KLD). WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE: 3-10 Nov. (1 imm.) HRA (KLD, et al). Snow Goose, white morph: 1-5 Nov. (1) HRA (KLD, et al) ; 8 Feb. (1) CL (JCH, JHu); blue morph: 1-10 Nov. (24-26) HRA (KLD, et al) ; 1 Feb. (1) CL (JBO). Gadwall: 14 Dec. (1000) NL (LSF). Pintail: 1-20 sporatic at HRA, NL (KLD, DRJ); reg. at CL, max. 8 Feb. (10) (JCH, JHu). Green-winged Teal: reg. at CL, max. 18 Jan. (25) (JCH, JH, JHu); 3 Nov. (6), 10 Feb. (1) HRA (KLD); 22 Feb. (1), 7 Mar. (2) BL (MD, HD, SG, JW). Northern Shoveler: 7 Mar. (4) BL (MD, JW) ; 12 Mar. (3) NL (LSF). Wood Duck: 22 Dec. (27) AIM (MDW). Ring-necked Duck: 1 max. 10 Mar. (250) BWP (KLD). Canvasback: 24 Feb. (2) BWP (KLD). Greater Scaup: max. wintering 100-|- at ChL (KLD); 21 Feb. (1) Blountville (MD, SG, EO). Common Goldeneye: 1-19 occasional at ChL (KLD). Buffle- head: 15-34 reg. at HRA (KLD). Red-breasted Merganser: 10' Nov. (5) NL (DRJ); 2 Dec. (25) ChL (KLD); 8 Mar. (10 males) BL (LRH, DL, GW). j Vulture Coot: Turkey Vulture: roost at Da — 22 Feb. (21) first returns j (LSF); 1 Mar. (70) at roost. Da (LSF). Black Vulture: 26 Feb. (1) Wash, j Co. (MD). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 14 Feb. (1) BL (MD) ; 7 sightings at HRA, BWP, and SB (KLD). Cooper’s Hawk: 5 Nov. (1) HRA (KLD); 8 Feb. (1) CL (JCH, JHu); 8 Jan. - 11 Mar. (1 irreg.) JC (SG). Red-shouldered Hawk: [VoL. 46, 1975] 46 THE MIGRAiNT JUNE 8 Dec. (1) CC (JMC, JCH) ; 15 FeE. (1) NR (JS) ; 6 Mar. (1) JC (SG). ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK: 17 Nov. (1, dark phase) BC (ED, DRJ, LMJ); 23 Nov. (1) BC (LSF). Golden Eagle: 16 Nov. (1) Cades Cove (MDW, i Carol Gregory). Bald Eagle: 8 Feb. (1) NR (JS) ; 22 Dec. - 12 M,ar. (1) j Clinch River at Bull Run (Terry McGowan); 1-3 reg. at HRA (Wilford i Caraway, KLD). Marsh Hawk: 7 records during period at HRA, SB (KLD, f DRJ); 9 Mar. (1) K (CPN). Pigeon Hawk: 8 Mar. (1) SeV (LSF). Sandhill i Crane: 16 Nov. (10) CC (JCH); 26 Nov. (75) Da (Debbie Shafer); 26 Nov. ! (1) SB (KLD); 3 Dec. (4) Da (David Shafer); 23 Feb. (40-f-) HRA S (Robert Arnold, fide KLD); 1 Mar. (26) Yellow Creed (Don Hammer, fide j KLD); 8-9 Mar. (19 roosted overnight) SB (KLD); 15 Mar. (18) Col (Todd | Bowen, fide KLD) . King Rail: thru period (1-2) AIM, (MDW) . Virginia Rail: ■ 23 Dec. (8) AIM (MDW). Sora: 22 Dec. (1) AIM (MDW) . American Coot: 14 Dec. (4000) NL (LSF). il Killdeer-GnU: Killdeer: very large migration recorded in Ch area, between s 18 Nov. (220) HRA (KLD), and 21 Jan. (308) HRA and SB (KLD); max. [ 26 Nov. (416) HRA and SB (KLD); (last comparable migration 10 Nov., | 1968 (590) HRA and SB (KLD). American Golden Plover: 15 Mar. (1) Da j (LSF). Common Snipe: reg., max. 21 Jan. (113) HRA and SB (KLD). Ameri- ! can Woodcock: first singing 22 Dec. (1) AM (KLD). Greater Yellowlegs: 1-2 | reg. HRA and SB to 10 Nov. (KLD). Pectoral Sandpiper: 18 Nov. (1) HRA ' (KLD); 14 Mar. (1) SB (KLD). Least Sandpiper: 18 Nov. - 10 Feb. (5-41 i reg.) HRA (KLD) . Dunlin: reg. at HRA and SB, max. 5 Nov. (140) (KLD) ; i 8 Nov. (5), 15 Nov. (8), 4 Dec. (6) BL (MD, SG). Bonaparte’s Gull: 3 Nov. ! (3) ChL (LSF); 2 Dec. (7) HRA (KLD); 28 Dec. (1) NL (LSF); 21 Jan. | (123), lOFeb. (68), 17 Feb. (75) ChL (KLD). | Owl-Waxiving: Barn Owl: 1-3 reg. AM (DRJ); 2 thru period in JC | (BK) ; 1 thru period in K (MDW). Barred Owl: 11 Jan. (1) jc (BK) ; 29 ‘ Jan. (1) JC (DJL); 5 Mar. (nest w/ 2 eggs) Ch (DRJ). LONG-EARED | OWL: 9 Mar. (2) Kinser Park, Greeneville (Royal B. Specs), present thru end of period. Common Nighthawk: 4 Nov. (1) AM (KLD). Red-headed Wood- pecker: 26 Feb. (1) Telford (MD, SG) ; several all period at Chickamauga, Ga. (KD) . Horned Lark: 28 Feb. (3) NR (MD, SG); 15 Mar. (5 0) SeV (LSF). Tree Swallow: 6 Jan. (1) SB (KD); 25 Feb. (2) SB (KLD). Purple Martin: first arrivals 18 Feb. (1) Kingsport (V. Yankee, fide JBO) ; no more reported until several on 14 Mar. (JBO). Red-breasted Nuthatch: 1-3 sporatic, BWP and Col (KLD, CH) ; 5 Dec. (3) WW IDRJ); no other area reports. Long- billed Marsh Wren: 1 thru period, AIM (MDW). American Robin: 14 Dec. (10,000) SeV (LSF). Swainson’s Thrush: 9 Nov. (1) SeV (LSF). Water Pipit: 5-15 Jan. (60+) T-CA (GE, LRH) ; 18 Nov. - 27 Feb. (5-60) HRA and SB (KLD); 2 Mar. (6) Dunlap (DRJ). Cedar Waxwing: 25 Feb. (300) Ch (DRJ) ; several flocks numbering in hundreds in late Feb. and Mar. at K (CPN, JBO, et al). Vireo-Sparrow: Solitary Vireo: 17 Nov. (1) K (Mable Sanders). Pine Warbler: first singing 16 Jan. (1) Ch (KD). Rusty Blackbird: 5 Jan. (6), 18 Jan. (15) T-CA (GE, LRH); 9 Feb. (20) MP (DRJ); 16 Feb. (10) AM (DRJ); up to 75 thru period, AIM (MDW). Evening Grosbeak: very few [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 47 reports — 23 Nov. (1) LM (GLB) ; 7 Jan. - 22 Feb. (6-12) JG (SG) ; 28 Feb. (5) Signal Mtin. (FSF); 2 Mar. (30) SeV (FSF). Purple Finch: present in low numbers through period, 22 Jan. (100-j-) Tamar (RF) ; thru period (lOO-j-) Church Hill (Fred Alsop) . Pine Siskin: no area reports. White-crowned Spar- row: 17 Jan. (100+) Telford (MD, SG) . Fox Sparrow: 3 Mar. - 1 5 Mar. (1-3 ) JC (MD, SG, JS); 9 Mar. (3) FM (GFB). Locations: AIM, — ^Alcoa Marsh; AM — Amnicola Marsh; BC — Battle Creek; BF — Boone Fake; BWP — Booker T. Washington State Park; Ch — ^Chattanooga; ChF — Chickamauga Fake; CL — ^Cove Lake; Da — Daus; HRA — Hiwassee River Area; JC — ^Johnson City; K — Knoxville; LM — Lookout Mtn.; MP — Morse Pond, Ga.; NL — Nickajack Lake; NR — Nolichucky River; PHL — ^Patrick Henry Lake; SeV — Sequatchie Valley; T-CA — Tri-Cities Airport; WW — Wildwood, Ga.; SB — Savannah Bay. Observers : GLB — ^Gary L. Bayne; MD — Martha Dillenbeck; HD — Helenhill Dove; KLD— Ken and Lil Dubke; KD— Ken Dubke; LD— Lil Dubke; GE— Glen Eller; SG — Sally Goodin; CH — ^Chris Haney; LRH — Lee R. Herndon; JH— James Holt; JCH — J. C. Howell; JHu — ^Jim Hubbard; DRJ — Daniel R. Jacobson; LMJ — ^Lemuel M. Jacobson; BK — Barney Keffer; RL — Richard Lewis; DL — Dick Lura; DJL — Dick and Joyce Lura; CPN — ^Charles P. Nicholson; EO — Elizabeth Osbourn; JBO — J. B. Owen; FSF — Lee Shafer Family; JS — Jake Slonaker; GW— Gary Wallace; JW— Jane Whitehead; MDW— Morris D. Williams. Charles P. Nicholson, 6806 Haverhill Dr., Knoxville 37919. EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION — The weather for the period could be summed up in one word, "WET”. Every month within the period had more rain than the 3 5 year average maintained by TVA. The first half of March more than doubled the month’s average. A total of 1 1 inches of snow fell during the period, with the biggest accumulation of 3 inches falling on the night of 2 Dec. No extremely cold periods were recorded, with the lowest reading of 14 above coming on 9 Dec. and 14 Jan. The water-fowl population was somewhat below normal, but the RED- THROATED LOON and Surf Scoter were excellent finds. There were very few reports of any "northern species”. The Palm Warblers seen in Bristol throughout the reporting period are very noteworthy. Have "YOUR” records been sent to the regional editor for publication? Loon-Hawk: Common Loon: 16 Nov. (5) WatL (GE, GW); 15 Feb. (1) RC (GE, GW, HF, DL, LRH); RED-THROATED LOON: first sighting in area since 1966, 15 Feb. (1) RC (GE, GW, HF, DL, LRH), 22 Feb. (1) RC (DW, Paul and Dot Crawford); Horned Grebe: 14 Dec. (7) WatL (GW); Gadwall: 21 Dec. (2) WibL (GE, HF), 18 Jan. (1) Bri (DW and Mike Bierly) ; Green-winged Teal: 27 Nov. (5) WibL (HF); Wood Duck: 14 Dec. (5) SV (GE, HF, RL, GW); Redhead: 3 and 16 Nov. (1) WibL (GW); OLD SQUAW: 13 Jan. (2) WibL (LRH, GE); SURF SCOTER: 11 March (1) WatL (LRH and Lois Herndon); Hooded Merganser: 14 Dec. (2) WatR [VoL. 46, 1975] 48 THE MIGRANT JUNE (GE, HE, RL); Common Merganser: 28 Dec. (21) SHE (LRH, GE) ; Sharp- shinned Hawk: 21 Dec. (1) SV (GW); 24 Dec. (1) HC (TMS) ; 27 Jan. (1) RM (TMS); Cooper’s Hawk: 14 Dec. (1) SV (GE, RL) ; 24 Dec. (1) HC (TMS); Red-shouldered Hawk: 14 Dec. (1) HS (GE, HE, RL) ; Marsh Hawk: 8 Nov. and 14 March (1) HC (TMS). Gull-Blackbird: Ring-billed Gull: 16 Nov. (4) RC (GW, GE), 15 Feb. (1) RC (GW, HE, DL, GE) ; Herring Gull: 15 Feb. (2) RC (GW, HF, DL) ; Barred Owl: 15 Feb. (1) IMG (SG), 22 Feb. (1) RM (TMS, RV) ; Horned Lark: 14 Dec. (8) SV (HD), 8 March (7) SV (GE, MD, SG) ; Barn Swallow: first return 15 March (1) SV (HF); Purple Martin: first return 15 March (1) Eton (FWB) ; Raven: 1-3 irregularly on RM (TMS); Red-breasted Nuthatch: very plentiful at high elevation on RM (FWB, GE) ; Hermit Thrush: 14 Dec. (2) SV (GW), 28 Dec. (1) SHL (LRH, GE); Water Pipit: 14 March (1) SV (MD, SG); Pine Warbler: 15 March (3) WatL (GE); Palm Warbler: 22 Nov. (2), 16 Feb. (2), 17 Feb. (1), (1 irregularly thru end of period) Bri (DW); Rusty Blackbird: 14 March (2) SV (MD, SG); Brewer’s Black- bird: 11 March (1), 14 March (5) all in SV (LRH, MD, SG). Grosbeak-Sparrow: Evening Grosbeak: greatly reduced in numbers this year, 24 Dec. (93) RM (LRH, GE, TMS), 4 Feb. thru 11 March (15-20) Eton (HF), 3 March (2) Bri (H. C. Epperson); Purple Finch: 22 Nov. (3) 1 partial albino) Bri (DW), 15 Jan. (14) SV (GW, DL), 4 March (20) Eton (HF); Pine Siskin: 24 Dec. (56) RM (LRH, GE, TMS), 8 Jan. RM (TMS, RV) ; Red Crossbill: 15 March (1) HC (TMS, RV); Dark-eyed Junco (OREGON RACE) : 1 irregularly thru Feb. at feeder in Bri (J. L. Cantwell) ; Chipping Sparrow: 21 Dec. (1), 8 Jan. (2) Eton (GE) ; White-crowned Spar- row: 7 Dec. (6) HS (GW); Fox Sparrow: 28 Dec. (1) SHL (LRH, GE), 15 Feb. (1) RC (LRH, GW, HF) 11 March (1) HC (TMS); Swamp Spar- row: 6 Jan. (1), 19 Jan. (1) HS (GW, GE). Locations: Bri — Bristol, Eton — Elizabethton, HC — Heaton Creek near RM, HS — Hunter Swamp near Eton, IMG — Iron Mtn. Gap, RC — Roan Creek, RM — Roan Mtn., SHL — South Holston Lake, SV — Siam Valley near Eton, WatL— Watauga Lake, WatR— Watauga River, WibL— Wilbur Lake. Observers: FWB — Fred Behrend, HD — Helenhill Dove, MD — Martha Dil- lenbeck, GE — Glen Eller, HF — Harry Farthing, SG— Sally Goodin, LRH — Lee Herndon, DL — Dick Lura, RL — Richard Lewis, TMS — Tommy and Maxie Swindell, RV — Ronnie Vance, DW — Diane Wilson, GW — Gary Wallace. Glen D. Eller, Rt. #3, Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton 37643. [VoL. 46, 1975] PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION The purpose of THE MIGRANT is the recording of observations and original information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state of Tennessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders. Articles for publication originate almost exclusively from T.O.S. members. Contributors should prepare manuscripts and submit them in a form ac- ceptable to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes are solicited but their format should be somewhat dijJerent. Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for publication are given herewith. MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and not submitted for publication elsewhere. TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive. STYLE: Recent issues of THE MIGRANT should be used as a guide in the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is needed reference should be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals available from the Ameri- can Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue N. W., Wash- ington, D. C. 20016. COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8^ x 11" paper with adequate margins, for editorial notations, and should contain only entries intended for setting in type, except the serial page number. Tabular data should be entered on separate sheets with appropriate title and column headings. Photographs intended for reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on glossy white paper in black and white (not in color). Instructions to the editors should be given on a separate sheet. Weights and measurements should be in metric units. Dating should be in "continental’* form (e.g., 7 March 1968). NOMENCLATURE: Common names should be capitalized followed by binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text for both regular articles and Round Table Notes, and should conform to the A.O.U. Check-list 5 th edition, 1957. Trinomial should be used only after the specimen has been measured or compared with typical specimens. BIBLIOGRAPHY: When there are more than five references in an article, they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be appropriately included in the text. SUMMARY: Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum- marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from the work performed. IDENTIFICATION: Rare or unusual species identification to be accept- able must be accompanied by verifying evidence. This should include: date, time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment, distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying observation and reference works consulted. REPRINTS: Reprints are available on request. Reprint requests should accompany article at the time of submission. Billing to authors will be through the state T.O.S. Treasurer. Books for review and articles for publication should be submitted to the editor. Seasonal reports and items should be forwarded to the appropriate departmental editor whose name and address will be found on the inside front cover. CONTENTS Middle Tennessee Ornithological Records of the Late H. O. Todd, Jr. Jon E. DeVore Minutes of the Annual Spring Meeting, 1975 Martha Waldron Round Tabue Notes The Nesting of Virginia Rails in Hawkins County. Alan B. Smith, Richard P. Leivis and Fred /. Alsop, III The Season. Edited by Fred /. Alsop, III Western Coastal Plain Region. Martha Waldron Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. Charles P. Nicholson .... Eastern Mountain Region. Glen D. Eller t/q QUARTERLY OQURN/IL DEVOTEDvTO TEN N ESSE^BIRDS W ^Wislicd THETENNESSEE' ORNITHOLOGICAL k SOCIETY 4 W-M ms MEMBER, 19 ?VOL. 46, NO. 3 THE MIGRANT A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1930 Published By THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1915 A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization. EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR GARY O. WALLACE Rt. 7, Box 338, Sunrise Dr., Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643 "THE SEASON” EDITOR FRED J. ALSOP, III Rt. 6, 302 Evergreen St., Church Hill, Tenn. 37642 "STATE COUNT COMPILER” MORRIS D. WILLIAMS Box 25, Five Points, Tenn. 38457 OFFICERS FOR 1975-77 PRESIDENT RAY JORDAN Department of Biology, Tennessee Technical University, Cookeville, Tenn. 38501 VICE-PRESIDENT, EAST TENN BILL WILLIAMS 1313 Young Ave., Maryville, Tenn. 37801 VICE-PRESIDENT, MIDDLE TENN PAUL CRAWFORD Route 4, Gallatin, Tenn. 37066 VICE-PRESIDENT, WEST TENN JULIAN DARLINGTON 3112 Glentinnan Road, Memphis, Tenn. 38128 DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE : EAST TENN JON DeVORE 4922 Sarasota Dr., Fiixson, Tenn. 37343 MIDDLE TENN DAVID FIASSLER Box 1, Byrdstown, Tenn. 38549 WEST TENN MRS. C. K. J. SUMARA 1011 Church St., Tiptonville, Tenn. 38079 CURATOR JAMES T. TANNER Rt. 28, Box 15 5, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920 SECRETARY MISS LOUISE JACKSON 5037 Montclair Dr., Nashville, Tenn. 37211 TREASURER KENNETH H. DUBKE Rt. 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah, Tenn. 37363 Annual dues, $4.00; Sustaining, $7.S0; Life, $100.00; Student, $3.00; Family, $5.00; (chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses). Dues, contributions, and be- quests are deductible from Federal income and estate taxes. Back numbers may be had from Dr. James T. Tanner, Rt. 28, Box 155, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920. Correspond with the Treasurer for subscriptions, memberships, and changes of address. Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by Maliicote Printing Inc., 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620, U.S.A. Postage paid and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643, U.S.A. K -3 i THE MIGRANT It I Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society, I to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee. Issued in March, June, September, and December. VOL. 46 SEPTEMBER, 1975 NO. 3 j NASHVILLE TELEVISION TOWER I CASUALTIES, 1974 Katherine A. Goodpasture Bird casualties collected at WSM and WNGE television towers during f September and October 1974 gave the lowest count since systematic collection I at both towers was begun in 1960. A total of 123 (34 species) dead birds I including parts of birds that could be judged to represent a casualty is 42 less j than the 165 collected in 1973 and stands in contrast to 5 56 collected in 1972 I and 5,737 collected in 1968 (Goodpasture, Migrant, 1974, 45 (3):57-59; Ibid, j 45 (2):29-30; Laskey, Migrant, 1969, 40(3) :25-27) . I j Collection of casualties at the two towers followed the same pattern as in j past years: early morning daily collection during September and October plus a collection 31 August and 1-11 November at WNGE and 1-3 November at I WSM. As in 1973 autumn weather fronts moved through in even temper without notable nocturnal violence or stormy force. The timing of movements did not seem to halt or overtake strong nocturnal migratory flights over Nashville. One Blackpoll Warbler collected at WSM 16 October sets a new late fall date for the species. Explanation of low casualty lists for 1973 and 1974 cannot be clearly es- tablished. Continued observation and comparison with what is recorded in other parts of the continent may help answer some of the questions that surface immediately. First, it goes without saying that the timing and force of weather fronts influence the precipitation of birds migrating at night. A case in point j as noted by Michael Bierly, coordinator of collection at WNGE, is the fact that a cold front passed through Nashville innocuously during the day of 13 September 1974. On the morning of 15 September about 700 dead birds [ were picked up at a tower near Decatur, Alabama about 100 miles due south of Nashville. Second, we ask whether fewer birds are migrating as a result of a decreasing population overall. If so, fewer birds would fall during nocturnal accidents. Long term studies like the Breeding Bird Surveys may eventually throw light on this question. Then we wonder whether our pick-up counts are distorted by an increased number of predators on the dead birds. Night prowlers like cats and early morning scavengers like owls and crows are known to pick up many casualty birds for food. An increase in the number of cats around [VoL. 46, 1975,] 50 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER TABLE 1 TELEVISION TOWER CASUALTIES, FALL 1974, NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SPECIES WSM WNGE TOTAL DATES Virginia Rail 1 0 1 Sept. 17(1) Sora 0 2 2 Sept. 14(1); 22(1) Yel-billed Cuckoo k 1 5 Sept. 16(1); 27(1); Oct. 6(1); 7(1); 10(1) Common Flicker 0 1 1 Oct. 12(1) Least Flycatcher 0 1 1 Aug. 31(1) Ea. Wood Pewee 1 0 1 Sept. 16(1) Brovm Creeper 0 3 3 Oct. 24(1); 28(2) Mockingbird 1 0 1 Oct. 20(1) Gray Catbird 0 1 1 Oct. 1(1) Wood Thrush 0 1 1 Sept. 30(1) Hermit Thrush 0 1 1 Oct. 20(1) Swainson's Thrush 1 0 1 Sept. 18(1) Thrush Sp. 0 1 1 Oct. 13(1) Red-eyed Vireo k 2 6 Sept. 14(1); 22(2); 24(1); 26(1); Oct. 12(1) Philadelphia Vireo 1 0 1 Sept. 17(1) Black-and-white Warbler 3 5 8 Sept. 4(1,1); 9(1); 22(1); 24(1); 26(1,1); Oct. 4(1) Tennessee Warbler 12 2 14 Sept. 18(1); 25(9); Oct. 1(1); 17(1); 21(1); 24(1) Yellow Warbler 1 2 3 Aug. 31(1); Sept. 8(1), 22(1) Magnolia Warbler 6 1 7 Sept. 15(1); 20(1); 22(1); 24(1); 26(1), 28(1); Oct. 16(1T Yel-rumped Warbler 0 1 1 Oct. 27(1) Black-tho. Green Warbler 2 2 4 Sept. 26(2); Oct. 3(1); 21(1) Blackburnian Warbler 3 1 4 Sept. 14(1); 25(1); 26(1); Oct. 19(1) Chestnut-sided Warbler 1 1 2 Sept. 4(1) 1 26 (1) Bay-br. Warbler 11 2 13 Sept. 26(1); 30(1); Oct. 13(1); 15(1); 16(2) ; Oct. 17(1); 19(2) Blackpoll Warbler 1 0 1 Oct. 16(1) Palm Warbler 1 0 1 Oct. 24(1) Ovenbird 3 1 4 Sept. 18(1); 26(2); Oct. 17(1) Kentucky Warbler 0 1 1 Sept. 3(1) Yellow-br. Chat 0 2 2 Sept. 3(1); 9(1) Wilson's Warbler 1 0 1 Sept. 8(1) Canada Warbler 0 1 1 Sept. 9(1) American Redstart 1 2 3 Sept. 14(1); 22(1); 26(1) Rose-br. Grosbeak 0 1 1 Oct. 4(1) Savannah Sparrow 0 1 1 Oct. 28(1) Song Sparrow 0 1 1 Oct. 21(1) Unidentified 8 15 23 Sept. 3(1); 4(1); 18(1); 21(1); 22(1), 2¥(1), 26(J); 29(2); Oct. 4(21, 6(2); 13(1); 14(1); 15(1); 19(1); Nov. 3(27; 8(2) TOTAL 34 6? 56 123 Numbers in parentheses () indicate birds collected that day. Underlined numbers indicate birds collected at WNGE, not underlined collected at WSM. [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 51 WNGE was definitely noted as well as an increase in the number of bunches of feathers and parts of birds as left by predators. Robert L. Crawford has I discussed the problem of predation of dead birds at WCTV tower in Florida in j Bulletin 18, Tall Timbers Research Station, November 1974. I Table 1 records in detail the 1974 casualties at WSM and WNGE television I towers. The coordinated efforts of the following people make the collection of I these dead birds a continuing study: Frances Abernathy, Ann Arnett, Sue Bell, I Michael Bierly, Milbrey Dugger, Clara Fentress, William Finch, Katherine Goodpasture, Portia Macmillan, Anne Nichols, Oscar and Margory Patrick, Virginia Price and Ann Tarbell. 3407 Hopkins Lane, Nashville, Tennessee 37215. "EAGLE WEEKEND 1976” REELFOOT LAKE STATE PARK 30, 31 January and 1 February, 1976 Headquarters for the weekend will be the Buford Ellington Assembly Hall. Friday, 3 0 January 4:00-8:00 P.M. Registration, information, sign up for tours, set up dis- plays and exhibits. 8:00 P.M. Orientation "A Look at Reelfoot Lake” — Tennessee Naturalist Staff "Tennessee’s Endangered Species Program” — Bill Yambert, T.W.R.A. "Reelfoot Lake Federal Refuge” — Wendall Crews Saturday, 3 1 January 8:00-9:00 A.M. Registration, information, and sign up for tours. 9:00-11:30 A.M. Tours to Reelfoot Federal Refuge, Lake Isom, Reelfoot Lake by pontoon boat (weather permitting), as well as a special tour for photographers. 9:30; 10:30; 11:30 Movie "The Bald Eagle” at the museum. 1:00-4:00 P.M. Tours to Reelfoot Federal Refuge, Lake Isom, Reelfoot Lake by pontoon boat (weather permitting), as well as a special tour for photographers. 1:30-3:30 P.M. "The Wonder of Birds” a special program at the museum for amateurs. 1:30; 2:30; 3:30; 4:30 Movie "The Bald Eagle” at the museum. 6:30 P.M. Banquet at Ellington Assembly Hall. 8:00 P.M. Speaker [VoL. 46, 1975] 52 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER ANNUAL AUTUMN HAWK COUNT Thomas W. Finucane In 1974 the T.O.S, Hawk Count had one of its outstanding years, with 23,564 Broad-winged Hawks and a record of 369 hours of observation. Our five-year average (1970-1974) is 17,731, higher than the total for any of the 20 years of the project before 1970 except 1968, when the count was 24,036. The halfway point came on 20 September, three days early. More than 95% of the flight was recorded between 16 and 2 5 September. There were five periods of adverse weather. Adele and Gene West at their station near Crossville had the first good count, 1 5 September, their fifth day in the field, but clouds were still heavy over our eastern stations on that day. Holston Mt. scored zero, and no one went to the Mendota Fire Tower. Next day 4300 Broad-winged Hawks were counted at Mendota under a thin overcast which lasted all day. There was almost no wind. For the first six hours the rate was greater than 300 hawks per hour, and counting, mostly done by Eugene Scott, was difficult. On that day also the Wests had 529 hawks under blue skies over Crossville. Next day, 17 September, was cloudy and rainy over the whole area; flights were recorded only in the western part of our range. Then came three days of good weather. Five stations reported a total of ten days of outstanding hawk counts, including a count of 891 from Mrs. Bell and the Nashville group on their lookout at Bel Air, near Sparta. Then on Saturday, 21 September, the weather was again unfavorable. Only three stations, all west of Crossville, reported: heavy fog at Bon Air, 12 hawks at Dunlap, and 6 5 at Walden’s Ridge. But on Sunday seven stations had counts of 390 or more, and with three smaller counts the day’s total was 6696. On Monday Crossville had its highest count, but the Mendota Fire Tower and the Holston Mountain Radar Dome had a combined total of only 24 hawks. These three stations, in the order listed, had the most hours of observation in 1974. Charlotte Finucane provided nearly all the coverage on Holston Mountain and had three days with counts above 200, surpassed only by the Mendota Fire Tower, with five such days, and Crossville, with seven. We have never had a 200-hawk day at the Holston Mountain Fire Tower. On Tuesday the weather worsened. Holston was blanketed by fog. Cross- ville’s count was zero, and Lookout Mountain had only two Broad-wings. It was cold, dark, and windy at the Mendota lookout; the total count was 51 Broad- wings, just visible through binoculars, in one flight below a distant ridge. The sky was all black except for a bright blue crescent in the northeast, and it did not change while we waited shivering on the lookout for 3| hours. Next day the weather was good again. Lookout Mountain had 750 in two hours, and the Gate City Fire Tower had 471 in hours. No one was on the' Mendota Fire Tower. [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 53 ANNUAL AUTUMN HAWK COUNT 1974 No Date Obs Hrs Station Alt Wind Sky T Shn Cp Rdt Rs Bdwg Ksh Osp Kst Others 1 9/2 J 2 Elder Mt FT 1680 S-SW-2 5 75 - - - - 2 - - - - - _ 2 4 J 2 Elder Mt FT 1880 N-3 3 65 - - - - 9 - - - - - - 3 4 LA 5 White Oak Mt FT 1425 NNE-3 3 60 - - - - 5 - - - _ _ _ 4 7 T 4 Rog Kyle Ford FT 2401 SE-E-2 2 72 2 1 8 - 13 - 1 - - - 2 5 8 C 3 Holston Mt Radar 4000 S-2 2 - - - - - 3 - - - - - - 6 11 w 3/ 7 mi N of Crossvl 1660 SW 5 78 - - - - 30 - - - - - - 7 12 w 3 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 SW-2 3 82 - - 1 - 16 - - 2 - - - 8 13 w 4)^ 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 SW-2 4 - lb - 9 15 LX 5 '.^^hite Oak Mt FT 1425 ENE-3 1 69 3 - 3 - 116 - - - - - - 10 15 U 1 Elder Mt FT 1880 - 2 75 - - - - 38 - - - - - - 11 15 w 7/ 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 NW-2 1 - - - 1 - 215 - - - - lb 2f 12 15 c 1)^ Holston Mt Radar 4000 - 5 65 13 16 I 1 Alto, Tennessee - S-2 1 55 - - - - 15 - - - - - - 14 16 H 1 Chattanooga , Tenn - - 3 - - - - - 64 - - - - - - 15 16 KL 1 Hiwassie Riv area - - 0 - - - - - 31 — - - - - - 16 16 W 7 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 E-NE-1 2 - - - - - 525 - - - - 3b U 17 16 J 2 Elder Mt FT 1880 N-NE-1 3 - 1 1 - - 5 - - - - - - 18 16 BC 8 Holston Mt Radar 4000 SE-1 0 - 1 - - - 32 - 1 2 - - - 19 16 FOS 8 Mendota Fire Towr 3018 S-2-0-N 5 65 - 1 - - 4300 1 - 2 - - _ 20 17 M 9 Fall Crk Falls FT 2026 WNW 5 65 - - - 1 54 - - 2 l3 IE 2f 21 17 KL 5 White Oak Mt FT 1425 NW-3 5 68 - - 2 - 99 - - - - - - 22 17 W 7 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 var 4 75 - - - - 54 - - - - - 1 23 18 M 7 Fall Crk Falls FT 2026 N-3 1 70 - - - - - 1 - - - - - 24 18 G 1 Sewanee, Tenn. - SW-3 1 75 - - - - 41 - - - - - - 25 18 H 5 Dunlap FT 2240 N-5 0 - - - - - 100 - - - - - 26 18 W 6 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 NE 2 - - 1 - - 641 - - - I3 - - 27 18 C 6 Holston Mt Radar 4000 light 1 - 1 - - - 211 - - - - - 1 28 18 FQS 8/ Mendota FT 3018 var-1 1 57 3 3 2 2874 5 G Esgles-2 29 19 W 7)i 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 ca Im 1 - - - - - 357 - - 1 - 2b - 30 19 BC IJi Holston Mt Radar 4000 S-3 1 66 - - - - 557 - - - - - - 31 19 FSY 6}^ Mendota FT 3018 S 0 75 3 2 8 “ 435 - 4 2 l3 - - 52 20 N : 10 near Bon Air TN 1800 SW-3 2 75 - 5 1 885 - - - - “ - 35 20 G 1 Sewanee Tenn - S-3 2 72 - - - - 6 - - - - - - 34 20 LGl 2 White Oak FT 1425 S-3 3 72 - - - 58 - - - - - - 35 20 W 5/ 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 SE-2 2 - - 1 - - 362 - 1 - - lb - 36 20 F 9 Mendota FT 3018 S-2 2 75 1 - 1 - 1889 - 1 1 - - - 37 21 N - near Bon Air Tenn 1800 heavy fog 55 38 21 L 3 Dunlap FT 2240 W-4 5 65 2 - - 1 9 - - - - - - 39 21 K 9 Signal Mt Walden Rdg SW-3 3 75 1 1 1 - 65 - - 1 - - - 40 22 N 6 near Bon Air Tenn 1800 N-4 1 55 1 3 4 - 9 2 1 2 - 3b - 41 22 M 7 Fall Crk Falls FT 2026 NW-4 2 60 1 1 - 495 - - 2 IB Eagle 42 22 Me 8 Sunset Rok Monteagle B-4 2 65 - - 1 1 15 - 1 2 - 3b If 45 22 Ef 1 Manchester Tenn - NE-4 1 74 - - - - 24 - - - _ _ _ 44 22 K 8 Signal Mt Walden Rdg - N-3 2 80 1 - 1 - 387 - - - la ^5 22 J 7 Lookout Mt Hi Pt FT Ga - N-4 1 65 1 - 4 - 394 1 - - Peregrine 46 22 EW 6}^ 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 N-E-1 1 - - - - 524 - - - 2a lb 2f 47 22 BCZ 7)^ Holston Mt Radar 4000 N 2 46 - 1 1 - 640 - - - - - lu 48 22 TR 8 Rog Kyles Ford FT 2401 E-NW-3 2 65 1 - 3 - 496 - - - la 12u 49 22 FOQ 9 Mendota FT 3018 NE-4-0 2 55 - - - 3647 - - - _ _ _ 50 23 W 7/ 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 NE & NW 3 55 - - - - 944 - - la 2u 2f 51 23 C 4 Holston Mt Radar 4000 S-1 2 ^5 - - 1 - 4 - - - _ _ _ 52 25 FSGi 4 Mendota FT 3018 SE-6 0 47 1 2 - - 16 - - - _ _ _ 53 24 DBc 1 Lookout Mt Hi Pt FT Ga - SE-4 5 50 - 1 - - 2 1 - - 2a - - 54 24 W 5/ 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 v-2 5 51 55 24 F 3)^ Mendota FT 3018 SE-5 5 49 - - - - 51 - - - _ _ - 56 25 I 1 Alto near 1-24 TN - S-1 1 60 - - - - 46 - - - _ _ _ 57 25 D 2 Lookout Mt Hi Pt FT Ga - ESE-1 3 65 - - - - 750 1 - - 23 - - 58 25 W 5)^ 7 mi N of C-pOssvl 1860 var 5 64 - - - - 73 - - - - _ _ 59 25 Geo / Holston Mt FT 4145 - - - _ - - 88 - - _ - - _ 60 25 F 3>^ Gate City FT 3300 S & SW ' 2 - - 1 3 - 466 - 1 - - - - 61 26 D 1 Lookout Mt Hi Pt PT Ga - SSE-4 2 70 2 - 6 - 10 - - - Merlin lb 62 26 W 7 7 mi N of Crossvl I860 V 0-1 2 70 - - - - 49 - - - - lb - 63 26 CF 5 Holston Mt Radar 4000 V _ 56 1 1 - - 29 - - - - _ - 64 27 FPS 5/ Mendota PT 3018 sw-5 2 61 1 - 5 _ 44 - - - la lb - 65 28 HM 5 Fall Crk Falls FT 2026 SW-SE 2 68 - _ 4 2 90 - - - lEsgle - 66 28 K 10 Signal Pt Walden Rdg SW-5 2 75 7 - 2 - 67 - 1 1 _ _ _ 67 28 U 2 Elder Mt PT 1880 N-3 3 60 1 1 - - 1 3 1 - _ _ _ 68 28 DJCh 2 Lookout Mt Hi Pt FT Ga - SE-3 1 65 3 1 - - 1 1 - - - - - 69 28 W 2 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 SE-SW 2 72 2 - - 20 - - - - - lu 70 28 B 8 Holston Mt Radar 4000 N 5 50 1 _ - - 3 - - _ - - lu 71 28 71 3)^ Mendota FT 3018 3 5 75 10 - - - 20 - - 2 _ _ - 72 29 K 9 Signal Point - WNW-4 3 65 2 - 2 - 10 - - - - lb - 73 29 J 3 Elder Mt FT 1880 W-NW-3 5 60 1 - 1 - 18 - 1 - - - - 74 29 w 1/ 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 WSW 5 - - 1 - - 10 - - - - lb - 75 29 c 5)^ Holston Mt Radar 4000 - 5 _ 1 - 2 1 3 - - - _ _ _ 76 29 76 6 Mendota FT 3018 NW-6 5 62 6 1 1 1 - - 8 _ _ _ 77 30 M 3 Fall Crk Falls FT 2026 W-5 0 65 - - 1 - - 1 - 1 _ _ - 78 30 F 7 Mendota FT 3018 0 0 50 _ _ 2 _ 1 - _ 1 - lb - 79 10/1 FP 4/ Mendota FT 3018 S-1 0 64 3 2 2 - - - - 1 _ « _ 80 2 DBc 1 Lookout Mt Hi Pt FT SW - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - * TOTALS 369 62 32 81 10 23,564 16 19 34 73 [VoL. 46, 1975] 54 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER The 20 hawk counts after 2 5 September added only 377 Broad-winged Hawks, with a high of 90 at Fall Creek Falls. On 29 September a strong north- west wind blasted the Mendota Fire Tower and scattered my data sheets out over the trees below. Fortunately, Dick Peake, VSO President, had been keeping a separate record. We had 10 accipiters and 8 kestrels quickly passing close to the ridge. Coopers on the south side and Sharp-shins on the north side. There was one Broad-wing, flying in the wind like the accipiters, but awkwardly. The other species of hawks were 1.4% of the total, a little above average for a season with only 5j hours of observation in October. The count was 327, including 67 unidentified. Good days for Broad-winged Hawks were not always good days for other species. For example, on 18 September the Mendota Fire Tower had 2874 Broad-wings, 23 other hawks, and a total of eight species, including two Golden Eagles. Four days later the count there was 3647 Broad- wings and no other hawks. Eagles were also seen at the Fall Creek Falls Fire Tower: one unidentified, 17 September, and one Bald Eagle, 22 September, both reported by Mary Shafer, and another unidentified, 28 September, reported by Lee and Mary Shafer. Daniel Jacobson reported the only Peregrine. It flew within several hundred feet of the High Point Fire Tower on Lookout Mountain. The Hawk Migration Association of North America, established in the summer of 1974, has issued its first Journal, describing the 1974 fall hawk migration. Our T.O.S. stations are in their Southern Appalachian Region. Many of our T.O.S. hawkwatchers are members of the HMANA. This new organiza- tion should make our hawk studies even more interesting and provide all regions the opportunity to learn more about hawk migration. KEY TO REPORTERS A — Ann Gibson; B — Fred Behrend; Be — Dave Beckner; C — Charlotte Finucane; Ch — Chris Bayne; D — Gary Bayne; E — Helen Lewis; F — Tom Finucane; G — Marion Cunningham; Geo — George Montgomery; Ef — ^Eflie Boyd; Gi — James Gilreath; H — ^Lee Shafer; I— Stanley and Carol Barr; J — Daniel Jacobson; K — Ken Dubke; L — ^Lil Dubke; M — Mary Shafer; Me — Sanford McGee; N — Mrs. Bell’s Nashville party; O — Homer and Garland Osborne; P — Jim Price; Q — ^Bob Quillen; R — Richard Nevius; S — Eugene Scott; T — Tom Odom and Tom III; U- — Lemuel Jacobson; V — Mrs. Tom Odom; W — ^Adele and Gene West; X — ^John and Nancy DeVore; Y — Jim Gilliam, Steve Haynes, Bob Hale; Z — Glen Eller; 71 — Roy and Hattie Allen, Arthur and Elizabeth Smith; 76 — Betty Gibson, Richard, Martha, Tommy Peake, Tom Finucane. Wind data in the table are reduced to the Beaufort Scale: 0 to 6 for 0 to 24 mph. Sky: 0 to 5 stands for nearly perfectly clear to heavily overcast. More complete descriptions of weather are available on the field sheets. [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 55 1975 SPRING FIELD DAYS Morris D. Williams During the three- week period from 19 April to 10 May, observers across Tennessee saw about 80% of all the birds which normally occur within the State during the year. The total count for the spring field days, 216 species, is the highest ever recorded during the thirty years in which the counts have been conducted. The competitive spirit that exists among observers across the state and within chapters will probably cause the present record to be broken in future years — providing of course that we continue to fight for the preservation of habitat which is essential to the existence of our birdlife. The Yellow-headed Blackbird is the most unusual species on this year’s list. As you look at the tabulation, pay particular attention to the impressive list of shorebirds. INFORMATION ON THE COUNTS MEMPHIS: 27 April — Shelby Forest State Park in the morning, Ensley- Darwin Levee in the afternoon. Ben B. Coffey, Jr., compiler, 672 N. Belvedere, Memphis 3 8107. . . REELFOOT — 11 May — Lake County" and Western portion of Obion County. Memphis TOS, Ben B. Coffey, Jr., compiler, 672 N. Belvedere, Memphis 38107. LAWRENCE COUNTY: 4-5 May — ^Lloyd Clayton in Western portion of County, Charles P. Nicholson and Morris D. Williams around Five Points. COLUMBIA: 3-4 May — State Meeting — ^Field trips into portions of Maury, Lewis, and Lawrence County. Field trip leaders: Kenneth Anderson, Ed Byasse, Lloyd Clayton, Bill Fugua, Dan Gray, Tom Hendrickson, Olin Hotchkiss, Bed- ford Lockridge, George Mayfield, Jr. (compiler — Maury County Hospital, Columbia 3 8401). NASHVILLE: 26-27 April — 3 0 mile radius of Nashville; clear, 5 5 to 84° F, wind N to S, 5-10 mph. 46 observers in 8 parties and 9 yards. Alder Flycatcher identified by song. Frances Abernathy, Martha Allen, Clyde Anderson (com- piler— 1214 McGavock Pike, Nashville 37216), Vivian Anderson, Russell Artist, Sue Bell, E. A. Bergstrom, Mary Ann and Roy Broster, Sue Carney, Annella Creech, Elaine Davidson, Milbrey Dugger, Adele Elam, Clara Fentress, Evelyn and John Ellis, Bill and Lucy Finch, William Fintel, Mel Garland, Katherine Goodpasture, Ben Groce, Johnny Herbert, Evelyn Herron, Evelyn Holt, Carol Knaufh, Margaret Mann, George and Pauline Miller, Fanny Murphy, Elizabeth Murray, Marge and Oscar Patrick, Virginia Price, Betty Richards, John, Heather, and Natusha Riggins, Ed Schreiber, Bill Scurlock, Ann Tarbell, Bessie Walker, Kenneth and Sara Walkup, Miriam Weinstein. MURFREESBORO: 26-27 April — sunny 80° F; 20 observers. Anne Het- tish, compiler, 1018 Lawndale Dr., Murfreesboro 37130. [VoL. 46, 1975] 56 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER 1975 SPRING COUNT Comnion Loon Pied-billed Grebe Great Blue Heron Green Heron Little Blue Heron Mem Reel Law Colu Nash Murf Leb Tull 1 4 1 — 18 2 2 2 1 11 2 2 1 2 13 1 19 19 3 6 2 2 5 -- 1 Cook Chat Knox Smok Green King Bri Eli -21 — -- 114 — 21—1 1 — 3 3 — 2 2 — 17 1 2 Cattle Egret 19 1 Great Egret — 8 Bl.-cr. Night Heron Yel.-cr. Night Heron 7 1 Least Bittern 3 - 2 1 -- 16 -- 5 10 2 ■ 2 — — 5 1 1 American Bittern Canada Goose Mallard Black Duck Blue-winged Teal American Wigeon Wood Duck Ring-necked Duck Lesser Scaup Common Goldeneye :: 5 7 10 -- 10 22 1 -- 22 23 24 -- 2 17 4 " 1 -- 1 1 — - 1 3-2 35 -- 38 5 -- 50 14 18 2 23 2 — 7 -- — 7 16 12 14 2 2 7 4 4 4 — 16 9 — 16 -- — 46 1 8 8 — 15 2 — 20 18 — 11 29 — 41 2 2 - — 6 — - 2 Bufflehead -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- 48 Ruddy Duck 5 -- — -- — — -- — — — — -- — — — Hooded Merganser — 1 Red-br. Merganser — -- -- — 4 — -- -- — 1 -- — -- -- -- Turkey Vulture -- -- 26 43 46 12 14 — 3 28 3 8 13 8 8 18 Black Vulture 1 1 -- 22 44 14 1 — — 8 -- 3 1 Mississippi Kite 2 2 Sharp-sh. Hawk — — -- 1 — — — — — 1 — — 1 — — Cooper's Hawk — — 1 — 1 .. 2 1 1 -- 1 -- — 2 Red-tailed Hawk — 5 14 9 25 3 5 — 2 5 4 1 4 2 —5 Red- should. Hawk Broad-winged Hawk Golden Eagle Marsh Hawk Osprey 1 9 1 -- 2 8 10 3 1 1 2 6 5 1 2 -- 11 2 — 13 1 2 5 1 5 American Kestrel 1 2 4 19 18 13 7 1 5 1 2 Ruffed Grouse 2 Bobwhite 10 11 27 70 92 31 28 4 18 14 98 Ring-nk. Pheasant Turkey 3 1 1 1 1 King Rail Virginia Rail 1 2 2 -- -- 2 Sora 1 -- -- 5 1 2 Common Gallinule -- -- — 2 American Coot 6 2 -- 29 26 2 12 14 2 100 14 Semipalmated Plover 11 .. 11 1 Killdeer 1 31 17 32 43 32 32 6 8 23 68 Am. Golden Plover -- 413 Black-bel. Plover -- 1 ;\merican Woodcock -- -- -- 3 3 5 3 -- — 4 4 6 — 1 1-6 — 42 35 18 36 2 1—3 1 9 -- 4 25 12 34 18 49 10 Common Snipe Spotted Sandpiper Solitary Sandpiper Willet Greater Yellowlegs .. 3 -- — 10 13 7 — -- 50 23 1 1 -- 8 6 -- 2 4 17 5 3 1 1 18 13 4 7 -- 27 11 Lesser Yellowlegs 4 3 Pectoral Sandpiper White-rp. Sandpiper — 1 Least Sandpiper -- 23 Dowitcher sp. 5 1 2 2 15 3 1 9 4 — 3 Stilt Sandpiper Semipal. Sandpiper Western Sandpiper Wilson's Phalarope Herring Gull Ring-billed Gull Bonaparte ' s Gull Forster ' s Tern Comnon Tern Caspian Tern ■ 46 - -- 2 5 3 — -- 3 6 2 1 [VoL. 46, 197S] 1975 THE MIGRANT 57 Mem Reel Law Colu Nash Murf Leb Tull Cook Chat Knox Smok Green King Bri Eli Black Tern -- -- -- 2 Rock Dove 1 1 11 38 40 2 4 5 15 106 73 -- 20 -- 22 25 Mourning Dove 20 64 44 53 113 25 49 7 94 44 297 -- 54 63 70 77 Yellow-billed Cuckoo 2 5 3 7 8 1 3 -- 2 -- 1 -- 1 -- 2 1 Black-billed Cuckoo -- -- -- 1 1 Barn Owl 1 .. 1 1 2 -- 1 Screech Owl -- -- 2 1 3 -- 2 -- 2 2 3 -- -- 1 1 12 Great Horned Owl -- -- -- 2 1 -- 1 -- 2 2 Barred Owl 2 4 4 3 6 -- 2 -- -- 3 3 1 -- -- -- 4 Saw-whet Owl 6 Chuck-will ' s -Widow 1 9 3 .. 4 18 1 .. 4 27 .. 3 2 1 Whip-poor-will -- -- 12 1 17 6 8 -- 1 9 1 -- 1 -- -- 8 Common Nighthawk r- 14 8 10 3 15 5 -- -- 5 11 -- -- 11 1 7 Chimney Swift 10 24 37 125 256 105 53 68 29 81 301 8 72 65 85 199 Ruby-th. Hummingbird 20 21 1 5 19 8 7 1 11 9 14 -- 3 1 7 8 Belted Kingfisher .. 4 19 12 6 11 .. 3 5 17 2 6 9 8 20 Common Flicker 2 3 8 11 22 25 10 2 19 17 79 1 17 22 26 53 Plleated Woodpecker 8 8 14 16 32 3 2 1 1 9 20 1 8 11 2 29 Red-bel. Woodpecker 18 23 15 27 80 12 24 3 17 21 48 .. 6 12 2 14 Red-hd. Woodpecker 16 5 1 8 2 -- 1 -- 2 6 2 -- 2 1 1 -- Yellow-bel. Sapsucker 5 1 .. 3 3 5 1 2 .. 4 Hairy Woodpecker -- 1 2 7 9 1 3 1 -- 3 5 1 -- 2 1 5 Downy Woodpecker 8 10 4 21 59 8 11 1 33 11 33 1 14 8 11 41 Eastern Kingbird 24 14 14 67 20 26 30 9 4 11 15 -- 2 10 2 13 Great Cr. Flycatcher 25 26 11 34 23 5 13 4 -- 13 16 -- 4 17 8 7 Eastern Phoebe __ 8 5 27 24 6 9 .. 3 12 23 6 17 15 16 46 Acadian Flycatcher 21 14 8 24 13 1 1 -- -- 6 4 -- 1 7 -- 2 Alder Flycatcher 1 Least Flycatcher -- 2 -- 1 9 Eastern Wood Pewee 13 37 5 36 20 2 1 1 -- 6 4 — 5 10 7 1 Horned Lark 8 15 5 11 8 2 Tree Swallow 8 10 -- 11 -- -- 5 -- 4 -- 2 -- 7 -- 3 11 Bank Swallow -- 16 -- 4 3 -- -- 2 -- 2 -- 17 -- Rough -winged Swallow -- 2 -- 57 12 -- 4 12 2 29 36 4 -- 8 -- 78 Barn Swallow 30 84 55 206 132 -- 62 23 55 65 197 — 74 21 53 161 Cliff Swallow __ .. -- 2 10 .. 1 17 .. 120 3 2 .. Purple Martin 14 31 3 49 55 130 5 49 14 48 126 7 48 6 54 Blue Jay 22 33 41 106 334 123 no 35 104 71 319 10 115 74 152 157 Common Raven 5 Common Crow 7 42 29 40 94 42 54 7 62 43 155 8 49 75 64 92 Fish Crow 6 7 Black-cap. Chickadee 2 Carolina Chickadee 25 41 12 79 123 27 51 1 26 47 160 5 52 40 57 91 Tufted Titmouse 78 29 28 134 165 20 45 8 52 45 158 2 32 55 38 99 Wht.-br. Nuthatch 1 -- -- 10 9 -- 1 -- 5 8 12 -- -- 1 4 13 Red-br . Nuthatch 3 1 .. 2 31 Brown Creeper 1 House Wren 1 -- -- -- 6 2 -- -- 4 1 26 -- 8 30 9 21 Winter Wren 4 -- -- -- 17 Bewick' s Wren -- " 2 4 6 4 2 -- -- 1 Carolina Wren 71 61 35 82 116 19 10 8 15 55 206 3 53 54 19 81 Long-b. Marsh Wren -- 1 8 Short-b. Marsh Wren 1 Mockingbird 22 9 30 62 175 68 62 16 25 34 242 -- 58 39 38 78 Gray Catbird 12 3 4 41 60 30 17 2 2 17 55 " 6 30 46 37 Brown Thrasher 12 3 26 61 89 40 26 13 41 22 96 2 34 33 29 81 American Robin 24 12 18 74 369 111 58 13 80 34 426 -- 89 126 280 310 Wood Thrush 34 20 12 64 71 1 19 1 13 26 132 3 8 58 42 142 Hermit Thru sh 2 -- -- -- 1 1 1 -- 4 Swainson' s Thrush 16 2 8 20 17 3 47 -- " 18 -- 3 Gray-chk. Thrush 4 2 7 .. -- 2 -- -- 1 1 1 .. Veery 3 .. i 8 1 1 2 -- 1 3 -- 3 Eastern Bluebird 5 11 27 52 101 20 36 3 17 24 33 10 25 1 28 Blue-gr . Gnatcatcher 103 38 11 140 119 2 15 7 49 86 9 17 13 2 55 Golden-cr. Kinglet 2 2 -- 3 Ruby-cr . Kinglet 1 .. 1 1 17 5 9 .. 2 8 105 1 10 2 5 32 Water Pipit 11 Cedar Waxwing 22 31 4 8 57 62 75 -- 2 20 99 -- 50 13 1 187 Loggerhead Shrike 6 8 9 19 29 6 12 1 2 2 2 -- 1 -- 1 -- Starling 71 196 65 147 875 152 53 45 250 236 1189 -- 450 174 524 679 Wht. -eyed Vlreo 51 23 19 97 139 4 12 10 42 108 2 1 18 5 57 Yellow-thr . Vireo 10 4 1 43 9 -- 2 -- 3 18 13 1 1 1 4 8 Solitary Vireo -- 1 1 5 1 4 -- -- 1 7 43 Red-eyed Vireo 49 19 22 80 68 9 1 1 1 42 162 4 5 55 32 11 Philadelphia Vireo -- — -- 2 3 -- 1 1 [VoL. 46, 1975] 58 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER Mem Reel Law Colu Na sh Murf Leb Tull Cook Chat Knox Smok Green King Bri Eli Warbling Vireo 12 8 -- 1 4 -- 2 1 -- 1 11 Black-&-wh. Warbler 5 1 3 18 4 3 3 1 -- 11 44 3 9 15 69 Prothonotary Warbler 39 22 3 10 31 , 4 4 1 1 6 3 2 3 .. .. Swainson's Warbler 6 1 1 Worm-eating Warbler 3 -- 5 18 10 2 4 -- 5 20 - - 4 5 19 Golden-wgd. Warbler .. .. 3 7 1 8 6 .. 5 Blue-wgd. Warbler 1 -- 8 53 44 4 1 -- -- 4 14 -- 1 2 1 Tennessee Warbler 77 63 27 126 42 8 4 -- 3 4 23 -- 21 4 .. Nashville Warbler 2 1 -- 5 21 1 1 3 22 1 1 Northern Parula 34 21 5 33 14 9 10 8 -- -- 11 76 Yellow Warbler .. 3 1 35 34 16 11 38 48 5 6 26 3 80 Magnolia Warbler -- 2 1 2 3 1 3 -- -- 1 1 .. .. 6 6 .. Cape May Warbler 1 -- 5 11 -- 4 2 -- -- 10 32 -- -- 15 6 2 Bl.-th. Blue Warbler 1 3 2 .. 1 20 Yellow-rumped Warbler 21 5 4 65 99 43 35 3 30 42 346 -- 38 33 12 78 Bl,-th. Gre. Warbler 1 1 3 7 4 3 .. 2 13 37 11 1 3 7 48 Cerulean Warbler 35 6 2 16 13 1 3 __ .. 17 39 .. 3 .. 4 Blackburnian Warbler -- 1 1 1 1 1 2 10 1 5 2 2 Yellow-thr. Warbler 6 3 4 19 6 4 1 .. 1 29 6 5 5 Chestnut-sd. Warbler -- -- 5 2 -- 4 - -- 3 9 -- 5 3 38 Bay-br. Warbler 4 .. 4 1 1 .. 11 Blackpoll Warbler 3 45 1 11 -- 1 4 4 1 11 1 Pine Warbler 4 3 1 2 13 10 1 1 2 4 Prairie Warbler -- -- 20 75 31 3 31 -- 4 24 32 .. 8 11 8 7 Palm Warbler 4 1 4 50 12 6 16 2 -- 8 30 -- 1 " -- 8 Ovenblrd 4 5 3 33 4 .. 2 -- 3 13 25 14 1 24 9 74 Northern Waterthrush 3 -- -- 4 6 -- 3 -- 10 3 2 La. Waterthrush 6 2 5 44 17 1 1 -- 1 5 1 11 1 2 2 28 Kentucky Warbler 31 10 6 57 26 3 4 __ 2 15 14 2 .. 20 .. 3 Common Yellowthroat 29 40 25 113 86 5 23 A 3 34 69 -- 18 30 16 47 Yellow-br. Chat 21 25 27 74 92 .. 14 1 22 44 10 18 7 18 Hooded Warbler 12 2 2 26 5 2 -- -- 1 20 30 6 6 4 43 Wilson' s Warb ler -- -- 1 -- -- 1 Canada Warbler 1 -- -. -- 1 2 -. -- 1 -- 1 .. American Redstart 36 -- 1 8 5 30 6 1 -- 7 2 7 House Sparrow 40 210 25 140 63 229 113 15 26 66 89 __ 78 30 42 103 Bobolink 2 6 1 22 -- -- 2 -- -- 6 30 -- -- 10 -- Eastern Meadowlark 23 57 71 112 313 103 304 75 133 47 301 1 84 61 78 136 Yellow-hd. Blackbird 1 Red-winged Blackbird 115 380 85 220 237 69 80 60 43 47 521 1 47 48 51 684 Orchard Oriole 21 17 31 76 96 35 39 1 2 11 25 .. 6 2 6 27 Northern Oriole 22 51 -- 15 52 5 3 2 -- 5 27 1 1 11 16 14 Rusty Blackbird 1 -- 1 -- -- 13 14 Common Crackle 162 410 49 445 1210 304 296 100 1700 95 376 -- 247 142 388 678 Brown-hd. Cowbird 285 152 46 168 162 49 98 14 165 56 183 1 12 38 10 83 Scarlet Tanger 9 4 11 50 14 5 13 .. 2 17 62 2 2 27 14 22 Summer Tanger 55 13 23 76 67 5 34 -- 3 18 28 -- 8 9 1 4 Cardinal 81 73 87 173 401 112 117 15 143 43 410 3 103 125 117 213 Rose-br. Grosbeak 15 12 6 44 70 15 2 -- 4 13 55 2 1 16 8 18 Blue Grosbeak 2 -- 10 8 16 3 2 -- -- 3 12 2 1 -- 3 Indigo Bunting 161 160 108 240 262 62 51 3 11 47 91 2 16 67 55 35 Painted Bunting 1 Dickcissel 25 193 6 30 -- 1 Evening Grosbeak 13 -- 1 79 Purple Finch 1 " -- -- 7 24 1 -- 68 -- 17 -- -- 3 1 49 Pine Siskin 4 16 American Goldfinch 32 9 49 108 780 81 48 19 80 88 294 8 17 56 34 225 Rufous-sided Towhee 13 3 40 105 139 55 52 16 36 18 187 2 40 53 48 142 Savannah Sparrow 3 2 1 8 4 6 -- -- 7 3 49 — 17 1 -- 15 Grasshopper Sparrow " -- 4 4 1 -- 1 -- -- 10 3 " 1 Vesper Sparrow 1 Lark Sparrow -- -- 1 6 Dark-eyed Junco 4 21 -- 8 1 2 3 3 -- -- 61 Chipping Sparrow 6 2 5 24 71 48 13 -- 35 30 61 9 11 1 4 107 Field Sparrow 3 21 31 100 138 63 59 15 84 19 91 2 48 32 29 63 Wht.-cr. Sparrow 28 2 8 32 7 18 62 .. 2 3 20 .. 10 1 8 22 Wht.-thr. Sparrow 61 5 16 53 201 65 47 6 64 70 482 4 155 16 24 176 Fox Sparrow 1 1 -- -- 2 Lincoln's Sparrow 3 1 3 2 4 Swamp Sparrow 3 -- 1 4 16 -- 2 -- -- 9 6 19 Song Sparrow -- 2 *• -- 16 4 14 1 12 36 234 " 43 77 63 236 Species, Total 121 126 105 153 146 104 127 66 88 147 142 56 105 111 102 151 Species, Grand Total 216 [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 59 LEBANON: 26-27 April — ^Wilson County. TULLAHOMA: 27 April — clear, 60 to 84° F. Included Woods Reservoir and Duncan Lake. Carroll Barr, Stanley Barr (compiler — Rt. 2, Box 375A-1, Estill Springs 37330), Marjory Harper. COOKEVILLE: 19 April — wet, cloudy to clear, 50 to 70° F. Beulah Clark, Dr. and Mrs. J. O. Cummins, Ernest Holthaven, Mr. and Mrs. Frazier Jaques, William J. Jones, Ray Jordan, Amy Johnson, Mr. and Mrs. T. B. Link, Dr. and Mrs. Sidney L. McGee, M. R. Richmond (compiler — 519 N. Jerrerson, Cookeville 3 8501), Timmy Smith, Roy H. Sullivan, F. R. Toline, Thelma Tinnon. CHATTANOOGA: 26-27 April — Hamilton and surrounding counties. Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd Anderson, Gary Baines, Chris Baines, Benton Basham, Branson Block, Todd Bowen, Jon and N'ancy DeVore, Ken and Lil Dubke, Chris Haney, Frank and Gloria Hixon, Daniel Jacobson (compiler — P. O. Box 6, Wildwood, Georgia 30757), Lemuel Jacobson, Ival Lawhon, Lee Shafer Family, Veta Sliger). KNOXVILLE: 27 April — Knox County, partly cloudy, 50-82° F. Fae Andrews, James M. Campbell, Howard Chitwood, John Elson, Elizabeth Elson, James Holt, J. C. Howell, Susan Hoyle, Tony Koella, Beth Lacy, Bill McNutt, Charles P. Nicholson, Ann Olson, Bill Olson, Holly Overton, J. B. Owen (compiler — 2930 North Hills Blvd., Knoxville 37917), Diane Rook, Paul Rook, Polly Ryder, Boyd Sharp, Johneta and Louis Smith, James T. Tanner, Nancy Tanner, Bill and Irene Williams, Morris D. Williams. GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK: 26-27 April. From the field notes of James M. Campbell and Morris D. Williams. GREENEVILLE: 29 April — clear, cool, 60° F. 13 observers. Richard Nevius, compiler, Rt. 6, Greene ville 37743. KINGSPORT: 10 May — overcast, 65° F, wind 0-5 mph. Roy and Hattie Allen, Fred Alsop, Marcia Davis, Barney, Charlotte, Marion, and Tom Finucane (compiler — 1434 Watauga Street, Kingsport 37664), Frank and Betsy Oglesby, Debbie Paterson, John T. Pierce and John, Jr., George Rodgers, Arthur Smith, Lucille Smith, Ann Switzer. BRISTOL: 3 May — partly cloudy with rain in the afternoon, 56-63°F. 17 observers. Diane Wilson, compiler, 205 Robin Road, Bristol 37620. ELIZABETHTON: 26 April — Carter and adjoining Counties. Clear, early morning fog, 45-78° F. Fred Behrend, Virginia Curtis, Martha Dillenbeck, Helenhill Dove, Glen Eller (compiler — Rt. 3, Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton 37643), Harry Farthing, Sally Goodin, Lee and Lois Herndon, Barney Keffer, Danny Leach, Richard Lewis, Dick Lura, John and Carolyn Martin, Pete Range, Jake Slonaker, Alan Smith, Elanore Smith, Tommy and Maxie Swindell, Gary Wallace. [VoL. 46, 1975] 60 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER ROUND TABLE NOTES MERLIN AT NASHVILLE — At approximately 16:00 on the afternoon of 4 April 1975 I was in the old Buena Vista Marsh area, alongside the Cumber- land River, which is presently undergoing construction for the MetroCenter | development. At that time, you could drive down Tenth Avenue about one-half | mile to a turn-around. I had done this and was on my way back out of the i; area when I noticed a hawk perched in a small cottonwood tree {Poptdus j deltoides) along the shore of a small lake to my left, the east side of the road, j about fifty yards away. I stopped the car and with an unobstructed view of ( the bird with 7x50 binoculars noted that it was a small hawk with black bars li on a long, rounded tail. (I have since read that the tail is actually black with light bars, but, at the time, the black was predominant to me so it seemed that ■ the tail had black bars.) The bird was facing me in good sunlight and I could f see the white throat with brown stripes on the white breast close together and more noticeable on the upper breast. The bird did not flush when I opened the [ car door and I was able to walk about half the distance to it before it hopped i up about a foot and perched with its back toward me. It was all brown with bars on top of the tail also. As I walked closer, the bird flew to my left and j around behind me, crossing the road. It flew very low, four to five feet over the land and water, on crooked, pointed wings, steadily flapping. It showed I uniformly brown on both back and wings. It stopped about ten feet on the west side of the road. Both times when perched, the bird sat close to the trunk | of a small tree about halfway between the crown and the ground. I turned the car around and drove toward the bird, and it again flushed and , by a canal, but did not see the bird again. Another trip to the area the next S afternoon also failed to produce sight of the bird. j Before following the bird on foot, I consulted a copy of Birds of North | America by Robbins, et al, and confirmed my suspicion that the bird I had seen was a Merlin {Falco columbarius) . The brown plumage indicated that it was a « female or immature bird. I had just seen a Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) and a Kestrel (Falco sparverhis) in the same area and noticed that this bird I was between the sizes of the other two hawks. The last Merlin previously reported to the Nashville Chapter’s Records Committee was in November 1970. | Pat Stallings, 406 North 17 Street, Nashville 37206. ; AVOCETS IN FRANKLIN COUNTY— On 19 August 1974 at mid-after- | noon while boating on Tims Ford Reservoir, Mr. Charles Cheston, Jean Yeat- man. Clay Yeatman, Jean H. Yeatman, and I observed a flock of nine Avocets (Kecurvirostra americana) resting on a grassy sand bar surrounded by water, j I had become familiar with Avocets on the Bear River Marshes, Utah in the * summer of 1931. The Avocets’ large size, upturned bills, long blue-gray legs i [VoL. 46, 1975] ' I 1975 THE MIGRANT 61 and white body with black feathers of the wings bordering a distinct white stripe made identification easy. We circled the bar with the boat and viewed the birds at a distance of 30 feet in bright sunlight. Most of the birds were in fall plumage, with dull white heads and necks, but three showed some rusty color on the head and neck. A Forster’s Tern {Sterna fosteri) and four Black Terns {Chlidonias niger) , all in fall plumage, were standing near the Avocets. Finally the Avocets became disturbed and took wing, flying in low circles with necks and legs extended, before realighting on the bar, when we departed. Avocets are considered rare migrants east of the Mississippi River. For Tennessee, there are twelve fall records and two spring records, previous to this report. Harry C. Yeatman, Biology Department, The University of the South, Sewanee 37375. BAIRD’S SANDPIPER AT GALLATIN STEAM PLANT— On 13 August 1971, in order to prepare for the next meeting of the Lebanon Chapter at the Gallatin Steam Plant, Mr. Bill Sellars and I went to the steam plant to final- ize arrangements for the chapter visit and to pre-view the habitat. At 15:00 in the curve of the largest ash-settling pond we observed with 7x25 Jason Venture binoculars and 7x35 Bausche and Lomh binoculare a small shore- bird in the company of three Killdeer {Charadrius vociferus) we had pre- viously flushed about 100 yards down the shore. Being uncertain as to which "peep” was in our sight, we used a 15x-60x Swift Telemaster spotting scope on a tripod and kept the bird under continual observation for over 20 minutes until we were sure of our identification. The bird was initially about 30 feet away from us and by the time we concluded our observation it had moved approximately 100' feet away. It was observed both feeding and resting. It was smaller than the Killdeers but was slightly larger than a Semipalmated Sand- piper {Calidris pusilhis) we had observed earlier. It had a rather pronounced eye-stripe and brownish upper breast. The back and head were also definitely brownish. It had a clearly defined white throat and belly and dark legs. The following field guides, Peterson, Collins, Robbins and Chapman were con- sulted extensively as we reached our conclusion that the bird was a Baird’s Sandpiper {Calidris bairdii) . All field guides consulted commented on the "sealy” back of the Baird’s Sandpiper and similarly all the pictures showed all the other sandpipers as having greyer or darker backs. We felt that the brown back of this bird with its irregular pattern met the qualifications of a Baird’s Sandpiper. We also noted that the folded wings extended beyond the tail. We felt the bird was not a Least Sandpiper {Calidris minutilla) because its breast was too distinct, its back was too brown and the legs too dark (the Least Sandpiper has yellow or greenish legs). It was not a Western Sandpiper {Calidris manri') because of the breast markings, the brown head and back and the bill did not droop at the tip. It was not a White-rumped Sandpiper {Calidris fnscicollis) because it lacked the white rump. It was not a Semipalmated Sandpiper because the face pattern and breast markings were too pronounced and too brown and the back was too brown and patterned. The only other bird it could have been [VoL. 46, 1975] 62 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER would have been a Pectoral Sandpiper {Calidris melanotos) which is almost the size of a Killdeer and has greenish legs. The bird we observed was smaller and had dark legs. As we concluded our observation, we flushed the bird to check its wing pattern and rump. The rump and tail pattern was dark bordered in white. The wings were brown with a white wing line, visible though not a wing stripe. Based on all our observations and our references we feel certain of the identification of the Baird’s Sandpiper. Henry Parmer in Birds' of the Nashville Area describes the Baird Sandpiper as a migrant and transient visitor and show three records prior to 1971. However, a Baird’s Sandpiper was reported in the Nashville Area on 28 July, 1971. Before leaving Gallatin we called Paul Crawford to inform him of the Baird’s Sandpiper. He did not find the bird the next day but approximately one week later he also observed a Baird’s Sandpiper at the Gallatin Steam Plant. Rev. William Senter, 827 Castle Heights Ext., Lebanon 37087. MIGRATION OF NIGHTHAWKS IN CUMBERLAND COUNTY— Many of us have had the experience of observing the Fall migration of Common Nighthawks (Chordeiles minor) in moderate numbers of 100-200, with most of them seen in late afternoon. We have recorded most observations at our home in the country for three seasons, but the quantity in August and Septem- ber 1974 and the times of day were so unusual as to seem worth publicizing. Ordinarily, nighthawks are not seen here to any great extent from the time of their arrival until August. In 1972 only two groups of more than 100 were seen: 149 on 30 August and approximately 500 on 6 September. On the latter date there was a large hatch of insects. In 1973 we recorded no large groups but it was reported by neighbors that many passed over during the weekend of 7 through 9 September while we were out of town. In 1974, activity started on 19 August with two birds, followed by 145 on 21 August. The following listing gives an idea of their movements over our house between 19 August and 29 September. In some cases, the area covered by nighthawks was beyond our view and their density was such that we were unable to make even a reasonable estimate. 19 Aug. (2); 21 Aug. (145); 22 Aug. (2000) estimated; 23 Aug. (2); 24 Aug. (3); 25 Aug. (50); 26 Aug. (50); 27 Aug. (a few); 28 Aug. 0'5:45 CDT (a few), dark and cloudy with wind out of S at 8-10 mph. 10:00 (3 5) moving W. 12:30 (500) estimated, moving E to W, probably to miss rainstorm over Cross ville, not feeding. 12:45 (500) estimated, moving SW, high, appeared to be circling in thermals. 13:15 (200), low over field S of house, feeding. 13:25 (300) , moving NW to SW. 15:00 (l),rain. 15:10 (50), [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 63 low, rain stopped and sun appeared. 16:05 (75). 16:15 (45), circling and moving iN. 16:35 (25). 16:45 (100), high, moving NE, large thunderstorm to the S. 16:55 (26), high, moving NE, rain. 17:05 (40), low, moving S. 17:15 (40), low, moving S. 17:25 (6), low, moving S. 17:35 (15), low, moving S. 17:45 (28), low, moving S. 18:00 (41), low, moving SE. 29 Aug. (15), feeding. 30 Aug. (10), feeding. 31 Aug. (12), feeding. 1 Sept. (50). 2-4 Sept. (3-4), each evening. 8 Sept. (3). 10 Sept. (200). 12 Sept. (1). 15 Sept. (2). 17 Sept. (1). 18 Sept. (24). 19 Sept. (14), moving N, feeding. 20 Sept. (10), feeding. 28 Sept. (4). 29 Sept. (1). The estimated total of nighthawks on 28 August is 2,622. Observation of 2,000 or more nighthawks in one group or even in one day seems to be rare. The only reference I could find to that large a number is of an occurrence in the Spring and in the Gulf area. Mrs. E. M. West, Rt. 10, Box 343, Crossville 3 85 5 5. MIGRATING COMMON NIGHTHAWKS IN WEST TENNESSEE— On 31 August, 1974, I observed a large flock of migrating Common Nighthawks {Chordeiles minor) about 8 kilometers northeast of LaGrange, Fayette County, Tennessee. The birds were first observed at about 6:04 PM, CDT, and watched for about 2 5 minutes. During the time of observation, the temperature was approximately 27° C, the sky was clear, and there was no wind. The birds flew in a south-southeasterly direction, over a forest and then crossing a large bottom. As the birds passed over the bottom, which was planted in silage crops, some swooped down to as low as 3-4 meters above the field, while others re- mained as high as 200 meters. The nighthawks passed by in a broad, undulating stream at a rate of about 100 per minute, although occasionally they flew over faster than I could count them. During the period I observed them, as estimated 2 500 nighthawks flew over. At the time I left the area, the birds were still passing over. The following day, 1 September, a smaller, more scattered flock of Common Nighthawks was seen approximately 1.6 kilometers north of where the flock was seen the previous day. This flock, watched from about 7:15 to 7:45 PM, contained about 1000 nighthawks and about 50 Chimney Swifts {Chaetura pelagica) . Charles P. Nicholson, University of Maine, School of Forest Resources, Orono, Me. 04473. [VoL. 46, 1975] 64 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER THE SEASON Fred J. Alsop, III, Editor SPRING MIGRATION: 16 MARCH - 1 5 MAY For the first time in several seasons this Spring Migration report is charac- terized by exciting unexpected birds being observed in all regions of the State. Many Tennessee birders were in the field and many saw such unusual birds as Long-eared Owls near Greeneville and in Bristol; Double-crested Cormorants near Elizabethton; a Scissor-tailed Flycatcher and Western Meadowlarks in the Western Coastal Plain; and a House Finch in the Nashville Area, the wintering Black-headed Grosbeak, and a Common Gallinule in the Central Plateau and Basin just to note a few. There is much useful information in the many nesting species reported and in the many birds which were banded during this period. The reader is directed especially to the Central Plateau and Basin and the Eastern Ridge and Valley Regions for this information. The numbers of nesting raptorial species is of particular significance. Barn Owls nested in the Eastern Mountain Region and Black Vultures and American Woodcock nested in the Eastern Ridge and Valley Region where a colony of nesting Black-crowned Night Herons was located near Knoxville. In addition to the nesting birds of prey several Sharp-shinned and Cooper’s Hawks were found in the two central regions, and a Rough-legged Hawk, a Peregrine Falcon, and a Merlin were reported from the Central Plateau and Basin. Surf Scoters, an American Golden Plover, and some of the few records of Evening Grosbeaks and Pine Siskins were reported in the Eastern Ridge and Valley; Evening Grosbeaks and Pine Siskins were also found in the Eastern Mountain Region. Cattle Egrets and a Swainson’s Warbler were seen in the Central Plateau and Basin. The Western Coastal Plain had a Philadelphia Vireo, a Lark Sparrow, and a new location for Painted Bunting. In addition to these many unusual sightings there are records of individuals which arrived earlier than previously recorded locally and of those who lingered later. It is a most interesting Season and we thank you all for your records and continue to encourage you to send your observations to your regional compiler. The Winter Season report of the Central Plateau and Basin which did not appear in the last issue of TJoe Migrant is included at the end of this edition of "The Season.” [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 65 WESTERN COASTAL REGION — Many species were exceptionally early. Some were early by live days while others were as early as sixteen days. The earlier species included the Eastern Kingbird; Acadian Flycatcher; Wood Thrush; Warbling Vireo; Tennessee Warbler; Palm Warbler; Common Yellow- throat; and the Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Some species were more common than usual, such as the Blue-winged Warbler and the Canada Warbler. Readers are directed to a previous article, "Yellow-headed Blackbirds in Memphis” {The Migrant, 46:15) regarding the first record of this bird in Tennessee. Horned Grebe-Wren: Horned Grebe: 5 and 12 Apr. (2) Darwin ponds (BBC), 6 Apr. (2) H (JL). These were new localities and the second for Memphis and the Shelby Co. area. Pied-billed Grebe: 28 Mar. (95) US 70 and Forked Deer, West of Jackson (JL). Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 24 Mar. (2) mid M (BBC). Broad-winged Hawk: 23 Mar. (1) SFSP (EC, BBC). Bald Eagle: 6 May (1 imm.) near Fulton, Lauderdale Co. (BBC). Virginia Rail: 26 Apr. (1) east M, caught by cat, later released, 27 Apr. (1) Darwin ponds (LC, BBC, JL). Semipalmated Plover: 1 May (2) Hales Point, Hwy. 88, Lauderdale Co. (JL). Pectoral Sandpiper: 3 Mar. (2) PF (HD, HSD, MW). Bonaparte’s Gull: 29 Mar. (1) US 70, W of Jackson and Forked Deer River (JL). Black-billed Cuckoo: 23 Apr. (1) N. of Porter Gap, Lauderdale Co. (BBC, LC). Whip-poor-will: 22 Mar. (1) OP (BBC). Chimney Swift: 22 Mar. (1) J (JL). Eastern Kingbird: 1 Apr. (1) PF (LC, BBC), 17 Apr. (1) Darwin Ponds (LC, BBC, AS), 13 Apr. (1) Pickwick Dam (MEM), 15 Apr. (1) north end of Lauderdale Co., (1) south end of Lauderdale Co. (BBC, LC). SCISSOK-T AILED FLYCATCHER: 8 Apr. (1) SFSP (RM). Acadian Fly- catcher: 19 Apr. (1) OP (BBC). Least Flycatcher: 24 Apr. (1) M (LC), 5-10 May, M (BBC, LC). Red-breasted Nuthatch: 24 Sept. - 3 May (1) R (EC). Barn Swallow: 23 Mar. (6) SFSP (LC, BBC). House Wren: 25 Apr. (1) M (LC), 27 Apr. (1) SFSP (LJ), 6 Apr. (1) CSP (BBC). Long-billed Marsh Wren: 7 May (1) H (JL). Thrush-Sparrow: Wood Thrush: 3 Apr. (1) M (BBC, LC), 8 Apr. (1) OP (BBC). Swainson’s Thrush: 12 Apr. (1) M (BBC). Blue-gray Gnatcatcher: 23 Mar. (4) SFSP (BBC, LC), 23 Mar. (1) C (AS). Solitary Vireo: 10 May (1) west of Fort Pillow Prison, Lauderdale Co. (LC). PHILADELPHIA VIREO: 10 May (1) Fort Pillow SP (LC), 6 May (1) M (LC), 7 and 10 May, OP (BBC). Warbling Vireo: 1 Apr. (2) FSP (RM,), 13 Apr. (1) SFSP (LC, BBC). Prothonotary Warbler: 29 Mar. (1) WNWR (RW, HS), 6 Apr. (2) H (JL), 6 Apr. (1) Hatchie River and Hwy. 100 (LC, BBC). Swainson’s Warbler: 18 Apr. (1) OP (BBC). Worm-eating Warbler: 10 Apr. (1) OP (Ol). Blue- winged Warbler: more common than usual, OP, from 7 Apr. (BBC). Tennessee Warbler: 4 Apr. (1) M (BBC), 15 Apr. (1) OP (HD). Northern Parula: 23 Mar. (1) SFSP (BBC). Cape May Warbler: 27 Apr. (1) SFSP (BBC, FM, RW). Yellow-throated Warbler: 22 Mar. (1) FSP (LC, JW, AS). Prairie Warbler: 2 5 Apr. (1) M, (LC), only record this season in Mississippi River counties. Palm Warbler: 1 Apr. (2) PF (BBC, LC), 21 Apr. (1) OP (OI). Northern Waterthrush: 24 Apr. (1) OP (BBC). Louisiana Waterthrush: 17 Mar. (1) M (BBC), earliest ever by two days. Kentucky Warbler: 7 Apr. (1) OP (BBC). Common Yellowthroat: 19 Mar. (1) East M (HD), 17 Apr. (1) RP and Darwin Ponds (BBC, LC, AS). Canada Warbler: 22 Apr. (1) OP (BBC). WESTERN MEADOWLARK: 23 and 26 Mar. (2) [VoL. 46, 1975] ^6 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER j Northwest M (BBC, LC), only area record in several seasons. Bobolink: 23 Apr. (11) South of Gates, TN (BBC, LC). Rose-breasted Grosbeak: 1 Apr. (4) ESP (RM), 18 Apr. (1) OP (BBC). Blue Grosbeak: 20 Apr. (pair) FPSP (ArS, NS). PAINTED BUNTING: 24 Apr. Covington, TN (AS), first county record. Dickcissel: 9 Apr. (1) Madison Co. (JL), 23 Apr. (18) South j of Gates, TN (BBC, LC). Rufous-sided Towhee: 30 Apr. and 1 May (1) R j (MEC). LARK SPARROW: 16 Apr. (1) H (JL). ‘ | Locations: CSP — ^Chickasaw State Park; C — Covington; FPSP — ^Fort Pillow j State Park; FSP — Fuller State Park; H — Hatchie, Tennessee National Wildlife | Refuge; J — ^Jackson, TN; M — Memphis; OP — ^Overton Park; PF — ^Penal Farm; ; R — Raleigh (northeast Shelby County) ; RP — Riverside Park, south Memphis; 1 SE — ^Shelby County; SFSP — Shelby Forest State Park; WNWR — Wapanocca National Wildlife Refuge (extreme Western Arkansas). Observers: MEC — Mrs. Ed Carpenter; BBC — Ben B. Coffey; LC — Lula i Coffey; HD — Helen Dinkelspiel; HSD — Henry S. Dinkelspiel; OI — ^Oliver i; Irwin; JL^ — Jerald Ledbetter; FM — ^Frank McCamey; RM — Robert McGowan; l! MFM — Mary F. Mueller; HS — ^Harry Sayle; AS — Alice Smith; ArS — Arlo ; Smith; NS — Noreen Smith; MW — ^Martha Waldron; RW — Richard Whitting- 1 ton; JW— Jeff Wilson. i; Martha Waldron, 1626 Yorkshire Drive, Memphis 3 8117. CENTRAL PLATEAU AND BASIN REGION— Pied-billed i Grebe: 3 May (2 family groups) MP (TOS). White Pelican: 23 Apr. (1) CL f (Rocky Milburn, Sr.). Green fieron: 1 Apr. (1) NA (David Vogt). Cattle i Egret: 19 Apr. (2) NA (RJM) ; 23 Apr. - 26 Apr. (3) OHL (BF). Great j Egret: 22 Mar. - 13 Apr. (8 reports). Snowy Egret: 23 Apr. (2) OHL (BF, j SF). Black-crowned Night Heron: 5 Apr. (170) BV (MLB, MPS, MLM) ; |' 10 Apr. (225) OHL (BF, SF). Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 2 May (1) i PP (BF). Least Bittern: 3 May (1) MP (TH). American Bittern: 29 Mar. | (1) FP (MDW). Green-winged Teal: 14 Apr. (7) PP (BF, SF). Bufflehead: 2 May (1) OHL (BF, SF). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 22 Mar. (1) NA (TOS). Cooper’s Hawk: 3 records NA; (16-30 Apr., 1 defending an old crow nest) , B (RH). Red-tailed Hawk: 9 active nests FP (MDW). Red-shouldered Hawk: 8 active nests FP (MDW). ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK: 25 Mar. (1) PP (MPS). Osprey: 10 Apr. - 27 Apr. (13 reports). PEREGRINE FALCON: \ 10 May (1) RL (Richard Rimmer). MERLIN: 4 Apr. (1) BV (MPS). American Kestrel: 4 active nests FP (MDW). Sora: 19 Apr. (2) CL (RJM); | 30 Apr. (4) MP (TH). COMMON GALLINULE: 29 Apr. (2) MP (TH). | Semipalmated Plover: 10 May (97) GSP (DC, PC). Baird’s Sandpiper: 10 May , (1) GSP (DC, PC). Bonaparte’s Gull: 2 May (2) OHL (BF, SF). Forster’s Tern: 19 Apr. - 3 May (8 records). Nighthaivk-Finch: Common Nighthawk: 20 Mar. (1) NA (RJM). Chim- * ney Swift: 24 Mar. (2) NA (Harry Monk). Least Flycatcher: 27 Apr. (1 banded) Two Jays (John and Heather Riggins). Eastern Wood Pewee: 17 Apr. (1) NA (Sue Bell). Brown Creeper: 21 Apr. (1) OHL (BF, SF). Long-billed Marsh Wren: 12 Apr. (1) CL (RJM). Ruby-crowned Kinglet: 11 May (3) RL (MLB). Yellow-throated Vireo: 30 Mar. (1) OHL (BF, SF). Prothonotary [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 67 Warbler: 2 Apr. (1) RL (MLB). SWAINSON’S WARBLER: 10 May - thru period (1) Shelby Bottoms, NA (MPS). Orange-crowned Warbler: 4 Apr. (1) NA (Ann Tarbell) ; 20 Apr. (1) OHL (BF, SF). Ovenbird: 11 May (Nest, 4 eggs) NA (KAG). Connecticut Warbler: 14 May (1) NA (MLB). Bobolink: 7-11 May (52) B (Dave Hassler, RH). ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK: The bird reported last season remained until 1 8 Apr. BLACK-HEADED GROS- BEAK: The South Tunnel bird reported last season remained thru 21 Apr.; 15 Mar. (1) NA (Mrs. R. E. McClain); 26 Mar. (1 banded) NA (KAG). Blue Grosbeak: 12 Apr. (1) Ashland City (RJM). Evening Grosbeak: 14 Apr. (1) NA (Nelson Elam). HOUSE FINCH: 13 Apr. (1) NA (MPS). Locations: B — Byrdstown; BV — Buena Vista; CL — ^Cheatham Lake; FP — Five Points; GSP — Gallatin Steam Plant; MP — Monsanto Pond; NA — iNashville Area; OHL — ^Old Hickory Lake; PP — Pat’s Pond, NA; RL — Radnor Lake. Observers: MLB — Michael Bierly; DC — Dot Crawford; PC — Paul Crawford; BF — Bill Fintel; SF—Sally Fintel; KAG — Katherine Goodpasture; RH — Robbie Hassler; TH — Thomas Hendrickson; MLM — Margaret Mann; RJM — Rocky Milburn; MPS — -Pat Stallings; TOS — Members Tennessee Ornithological Society; MDW— -Morris Williams. Morris D. Williams, Dept, of Zoology, Univ. of Tenn., Knoxville 37916. EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY REGION— The spring season ap- peared to be normal. Highlights of the season include a Common Gallinule at Jonesboro; Surf Scoters (details to be puhlished) and a Golden Eagle at Chatta- nooga; and a Long-eared Owl at Greeneville. A banding station in Sequatchie Valley netted a Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. Barn Owls nested at Johnson City and American Woodcocks were reported nesting in three different parts of the region. Loon-Merganser: Common Loon: 31 Mar. (1) ChL (KLD) ; 16 Apr. (1) BL (ES) ; 16 Apr. (6) NL (DRJ); Horned Grebe: last 16 Apr. (5) BL (ES) ; Green Heron: first 11 Apr. (2) AM (DRJ); Little Blue Heron: 18 Apr. (1) Da (LSF); 26 Apr. (1), 27 Apr. (3) Jonesboro (HD, JS) ; Cattle Egret: 19 Apr. (3) PSF (JGH) ; Great Egret: 4 Apr. (1) AM (Ival Lawhon) ; 2 May (1) ChL (DRJ); BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERON: 11 Apr. (1) AM (DRJ) ; 26 Apr. (2) KP (RL) ; colony on Ft. Loudon Lake at Concord (CPN, MDW); Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 5 May (nest, 6 eggs) CH (DRJ); Least Bittern: 10 May (1) AM (DRJ); American Bittern: 5 Apr. (1) AIM (JGH); 12 Apr. (1) SeV (LSF); 20 Apr. (1) AM (DRJ); 20-26 Apr. (2) AS (GE, HF); Mallard: 20 Apr. (3 nests) AM (DRJ); Gadwall: 15 Apr. (50) NL (KLD) ; Green-winged Teal: last 16 Apr. (2) BL (ES) ; Wood Duck: 22 Mar. (adult on nest) SeV (LSF); Redhead: 17 Mar. (80) BWP (KLD); Canvasback: 17 Mar. (5) BWP (KLD); Greater Scaup: 2 Apr. (15) SB (KLD); SURF SCOTER: 11 May (2) SB (KLD, AG, et al) ; Ruddy Duck: 18 Apr. (10) K (JGH, CPN); Red-breasted Merganser: 17 Mar. (120) ChL (KLD); 18 Apr. (10) K (CPN, JGH). Vulture-Hawk: Turkey Vulture: 22 Mar. (migrating flock of 3 5 ) Hamblen Co. (FPA, GM, CPN, JBO); Black Vulture: (2 nests with 2 young, 1 nest with 1 young) Chatt. area (GLB, DRJ, Jay Clark) ; Sharp-shinned Hawk: [VoL. 46, 1975] 68 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER 22 Mar. (1) JC (PR); 26 Mar. (1) CH (KD) ; 18 Apr. (1) K (JGH, CPN, MDW); 20 Apr. (1) JC (SG) ; 23 Apr. (1) K (FPA, CPN); 24 Apr. (1, banded) Da (BB) ; 27 Apr. (1) Cumberland Heights (DRJ) ; Cooper’s Hawk: 20 Apr. (1) CC (JMC, BRH, JCH); 27 Apr. (1) Signal Mtn. (JBB, DRJ); Red-shouldered Hawk: 4 nests in Chatt. area (KLD, et al) ; GOLDEN EAGLE: 5 Apr. (1, adult) Point Park, CH (JBB); Marsh Hawk: last 4 Apr. (1) SB (LD); Osprey: 26 Mar. - 13 May (1-3 regular) ChL, SB (KLD); 5 Apr. - 27 Apr. (1) K (JGH, CPN, et al) ; 13 Apr. (1) AS (GE) ; 20 Apr. (1) CC (JMC, BRH, JCH); 3 May (1) SeV (DRJ). Crane-Tern: Sandhill Crane: 17 Mar. (22) CB (Dick Russell fide KD); King Rail: 20 Apr. (nest, 8 eggs) AM (DRJ); Virginia Rail: 21 Apr. (1), 6 May (1) AS (DJL) ; 26 Apr. (2) KP (RL) ; Sora Rail: 17-26 Apr. (1-4) AS (ETOS); 20 Apr. (1), 10. May (1) AM (DRJ); COMMON GAL- LINULE: 26, 27 Apr. (1) Jonesboro (HD, JS) ; Semipalmated Plover: 27 Apr. (1) , 3 May (1) SeV (DRJ); 11 May (8) CL (JMC, BRH, JCH); Killdeer: 28 Mar. (nest, 4 eggs) Jefferson Co. (FPA CPN); AMERICAN GOLDEN PLOVER: 10 Apr. (1) PSF (JGH); AMERICAN WOODCOCK: 25 Mar. (adult with 4 young) RCo (Tommy Smith); 10 M,ay (adult with 3 young) RCo (CPN); 26 Apr. (adult with 3 young) CB (KD); through last of Apr. (2 adults with 4 young) AS (GE, HF, et al) ; 16 Apr. (last singing) AM (KLD); Common Snipe: 15 Apr. (25) AM (DRJ); Spotted Sandpiper: 15 Apr. (1) SB (KLD); Solitary Sandpiper: 16 Apr. (3) AM (KLD); WILLET: 29 Apr. (2) PSF (JGH, Carl Wirwa) ; Greater Yellowlegs: 25 Mar. (2) SB (KLD); 19 Apr. (8) SeV (DRJ); Lesser Yellowlegs: 21 Mar. (1) SB (KLD); 19 Apr. (5) SeV (DRJ); Pectoral Sandpiper: 23 Mar. (16) HRA (DRJ); 31 Mar. (8) Meigs Co. (KLD); Least Sandpiper: 3 May (20) SeV (BB, LSF, DRJ); Dunlin: last 9 Apr. (8) SB (KLD); LONG-BILLED DOWITCHER: 19 Apr. (2, by call note) SeV (LSF, DRJ, JBB); Semipalmated Sandpiper: 4 May (1) CL (JMC, BRH, JCH); Ring-billed Gull: 4 May (1) CL (JMC, BRH, JCH); Bonaparte’s Gull: 16 Apr. (30) BL (ES) ; 25 Apr. (1) PSF (JGH); Forster’s Tern: 19 Apr. (2) SB (LD). Ctuckoo-Wren: Black-billed Cuckoo: 10 May (1) AM (DRJ); Barn Owl: (1 active nest) JC (Barney Keefer, et al) ; 21 Mar. (2) AM (DRJ); Screech Owl: (2 nests, each with 3 young) K (CPN); 4 May (1, banded) Da (BB) ; 14 May (1, banded) DL (BB) ; LONG-EARED OWL: through 25 Mar. (1) Greeneville (Royal B. Spees) ; Chimney Swift: 30 Mar. (2) CH (AG); Red- headed Woodpecker: 14 Apr. (1) JC (PR); YELLOW-BELLIED FLY- CATCHER: 6 May (1, banded) Da (BB) ; Eastern Wood Pewee: 1 Apr. (1) K (Mabel Sanders) ; Tree Swallow: first 16 Mar. (2) WW (DRJ) ; Bank Swal- low: 19 Apr. (1) Erwin (RL) ; Rough- winged Swallow: first 16 Mar. (1) WW (DRJ); Barn Swallow: first 16 Mar. (4) WW (DRJ); Cliff Swallow: 4 Apr. (2) Patrick Henry Lake (SG, MD); Red-breasted Nuthatch: last 7 May (1) RCo (CPN); House Wren: 27 Apr. (1) Da (LD, Chris Haney); 10 May (1, banded) Da (BB) ; Bewick’s Wren: 8 Apr. (1) JC (SG) ; 4 May (2) SeV (BB, DRJ, JBB); 5 May (1) SB (KLD); Long-billed Marsh Wren: 17 Apr. (1) KP (RL) ; 26 Apr. (5) Washington and Sullivan Cos. (ETOS); 1 May (1) AS (MD, SG) ; Short-billed Marsh Wren: 26 Apr. (1) AS (GE, HF) ; 3 May (2, banded) Da (BB). [VoL. 46, 19751 1975 THE MIGRANT 69 Thrush-Sparrow: Hermit Thrush: last 27 Apr. (1) Tracy City (DRJ) ; Swainson’s Thrush: 14 May (2, banded) DL (BB) ; Veery: 27 Apr. (1, banded) Da (BB) ; 14 May (2, banded) DL (BB) ; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher: 5 May (66) TRG (KLD); Water Pipit: 19 Apr. (1) SeV (LSF); Red-eyed Vireo: 2 8 Apr. (90) TRG (KLD); Warbling Vireo: 5 May (1) AM (KLD); Tennessee Warbler: 5 May (48) TRG (KLD); ORANGE-CROWNED WARBLER: 22 Apr. (1) JC (MD, SG); Nashville Warbler: 5 May (2) TRG (KLD); Black-throated Blue Warbler: 11 May (1) Lookout Mtn., Ga. (GLB) ; North- ern Waterthrush: 26 Apr. (10, banded) Da (BB) ; Louisiana Waterthrush: first 22 Mar. (1) Da (LSF); MOURNING WARBLER: 10 May (1, banded) Da (BB) ; Canada Warbler: 14 May (2, banded) DL (BB) ; American Red- start: 28 Apr., 5 May (40) TRG (KLD); Bobolink: 12 May (200) HRA (KLD); Northern Oriole: 28 Apr. (5) TRG (KLD); Rusty Blackbird: 20-26 Apr. (12-15) AS (GE, HF, et al) ; Blue Grosbeak: first 20i Apr. (1) AS (GE, HF); EVENING GROSBEAK: 16 M,ar. (2) Da (LSF); 22 Apr. (5) JC (PR) ; Purple Finch: last 27 Apr. (8) K (FPA, CPN, MDW) ; PINE SISKIN: 22 Mar. (2) CH (AG); 12 Apr. (1) K (JGH) ; Savannah Sparrow: last 9 May (2) SB (LD); Grasshopper Sparrow: 4 May (6) SeV (BB, DRJ, JBB) ; Fox Sparrow: last 26 Apr. (2) AS (Virginia Curtiss); Lincoln’s Sparrow: 6 May (1, banded) Da (BB) ; 10 May (1, banded) Da (BB). Locations: AIM — Alcoa Marsh; AM — Amnicola Marsh; AS — Austin Springs; BL — Boone Lake; BWP — Booker T. Washington State Park; CB — Chickamauga Battlefield, GA; CC — Campbell County; CH — Chattanooga Area; ChL — Chickamauga Lake; CL— Cove Lake; Da — Daus; DL — Dunlap; HRA — Hia- wassee River Area; JC — Johnson City; K — Knoxville; KP — Kingsport; NL — N'ickajack Lake; PSF — U. T. Plant Science Farm; RCo — Roane County; SB — Savannah Bay; SeV — Sequatchie Valley; TRG — Tennessee River Gorge; WW — Wildwood, Ga. Observers: FPA — Fae P. Andrews; BB — Benton Basham; GLB — Gary L. Bayne; JBB — ^J. Branson Block; MD — Martha Dillenbeck; HD — Helenhill Dove; KLD — Ken and Lil Dubke; KD — Ken Dubke; LD — Lil Dubke; GE — Glen Eller; HF — Harry Farthing; AG — Ann Gibson; SG — Sally Goodin; BRH— Beth R. Hinton; JGH— James G. Holt; JCH— J. C. Howell; DRJ— Daniel R. Jacobson; RL — Richard Lewis; DJL — Dick and Joyce Lura; GM — Gary Muffley; CPN — Charles P. Nicholson; JBO — J. B. Owen; PR — Pete Range; ES — Ed Schell; LSF — ^Lee Shafer Family; JS — Jake Slonaker; ETOS — Elizabethton TOS; MDW — Morris D. Williams. Daniel R. Jacobson, P. O. Box 6, Wildwood, GA 3 0757. EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION— The weather during the last half of March was wet and warm. The entire month of March had more than double the normal amount of rainfall. The month of April was normal in all aspects. The first half of May was wetter than usual with rain falling on 9 out of the first 1 5 days. Although the weather was wetter than usual, it did not seem to affect the nesting species. No heavy migration waves were observed and we had very few tmusual sightings reported. Loon-Gull: Common Loon: last seen 9 May (1) WatL (LRH). DOUBLE- CRESTED CORMORANT: 11 May (4) WatL (PR). Green Heron: first returned 16 April (1) HS (GW). Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 26 April (1 [VoL. 46, 19751 THE MIGRANT 70 SEPTEMBER adult) HS (GW). Northern Shoveler: 3 0 March (3) WatL (GE). Ring-necked Duck: last seen 26 April (2) Wag Is (GW). Bufflehead: last seen 12 May | (3) WibL (GE). Red-breasted Merganser: 16 March (17) WatL (PR). Black i Vulture: 14 April (1) St. Johns pond (MD). Sharp-shinned Hawk 23 March [ (1) RM (GW). Cooper’s Hawk: 3 0 March (1) Eliz. (LRH) ; 26 April (1) RM (TMS). Broad-winged Hawk: first returned 15 April (1) RM (TMS). Marsh Hawk: 12-13 April (1) HC (TMS). Osprey: fast seen 10 May (1) | SV (GW, GE). Sora: 19 April (4); 26 April (2); 1 May (1) all at GLS ! (GW, GE). Spotted Sandpiper: first returned 15 April (1) SV (LRH). Soli- |j tary Sandpiper: first returned 20 April (3) SV (GE, HE). Greater Yellowlegs: j first returned 9 April (2) SV (MD, SG). Lesser Yellowlegs: first returned 9 April (1) Wag Is (MD, SG). Ring-billed Gull: 30 March (1) near RM ' (TMS). i| Oivh-Yireos: Barn Owl: 1 active nest in Eliz (4 young banded 13 May) i' (LRH, GW and GE). Screech Owl: 1 nest in Eliz (2 young banded 22 May) (LRH). Barred Owl: 26 April (2) HM (GW). LONG-EARED OWL: 10 Apr. (1) residential plantings, Bristol (Diane Wilson). Chuck-wills-widow: || 26 April (1) Milligan (GE, LRH); 15 thru 26 May (1 regular) Eliz (GE). ' Whip-poor-will: very early return 30 March (1) HS (GE). Red-headed Wood- | pecker: 9 May (1) Bri. (DW). Tree Swallow: 15 April (60) SV (GW). |i Raven: 1-3 irregularly on RM (TMS, ES, FWB). Long-billed Marsh Wren: 26 j April (1) HS (GW); (1) RC (LRH). Hermit Thrush: last seen 17 April (1) i Bri. (DW). Water Pipit: 23 March (40) SV (GW). WARBLING VIREO: j 26 April (1) WatR (GW); 10 May ( 1 ) RM (GE, GW). W arblers-Sparroivs: Prothonotary Warbler: 7 May (1) Bri. (JA). Swain- son’s Warbler: 26 April (1); 3 May (3), 12 May (1) RCP (GE, HE, ES) . j Blue- winged Warbler: 3 May (1) RCP (GE) ; 7 May (1) Bri. (JA). Cerulean | Warbler: 26 April (1) near RCP (GE, HE); 2 8 April (1) HS (GW, DL). j| Blackpoll Warbler: 8 May (1) Bri. (JA). Pine Warbler: thru 10 May (1) ' WatL (GW, DL). Louisiana Waterthrush: early return 25 March (1) Eliz : (JM). Wilson’s Warbler: 5 May (1) Bri. (Mrs. J. Cantwell). Rusty Blackbird: ' last seen 3 0 March (5) HS (GW, DL). Blue Grosbeak: regular during period i (2) Eliz (JM) no nest found. Evening Grosbeak: last seen 3 May (4) Eliz (GE). Purple Finch: last seen 26 April (5) HS (GW). Pine Siskin: 26 April | (16) RM (FWB). Vesper Sparrow: 26 April (1) RC (LRH, JMJ . White- crowned Sparrow: last seen 26 April (1) SV (GW). White-throated Sparrow: ' last seen 11 May (1) Eliz (GE). Fox Sparrow: 18 March (4) HC (TMS); 7 April (1) RM (FWB). j Locations: Bri — Bristol, Eliz — Elizabethton, GLS — Great Lakes Swamp (near Eliz), HC — Heaton Creek (near RM), HS — Hunter Swamp (near Eliz), RC — Roans Creek, RCP — Rock Creek Park (near Erwin), RM — Roan M.tn., SV — Siam Valley (near Eliz), Wag Is — ^Wagners Island (near WibL), WatL — ' Watauga Lake, WatR — Watauga River, WibL — Wilbur Lake. j! Observers: JA — Judy Abbott, FWB — Fred Behrend, MD — Martha Dillen- beck, GE — Glen Eller, HF — Harry Farthing, SG — Sally Goodin, LRH — Lee R. f Herndon, DL — Dick Lura, JM — John Martin, PR — Pete Range, ES — Ed Schell, j TMS — Tommy and Maxie Swindell, DW — Diane Wilson, GW — Gary Wallace. ' Glen D. Eller, Route 4^3, Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton 37643. [VoL. 46, 197 S] 1975 THE MIGRANT 71 WINTER SEASON REPORT (1 NOV. -15 MARCH) CENTRAL PLATEAU AND BASIN KEGION— Loom -Gulls: Common Loon: 21 Dec. (25) Percy Priest Lake (BE). Horned Grebe: 300^ wintered at Woods Reservoir (Carroll and Stanley Barr). Double-crested Cormorant: 10 Nov. (1) OHL(BF, SF). WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE: 28-28 Nov. (2) CCNWR (Sam Barton, TOS). OLDSOUAW: 15 Jan. (2) MP (TH). WHITE-WINGED SCOTER: 17-29 Nov. (2) Monterey (BJ). SURF SCOTER: 15-26 Mar. (1) MP (TH). Turkey Vulture: winter roost of 5 0 near Ashland City (Rocky Milburn). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 5 reports during period from No. Central Tenn. Cooper’s Hawk: 6 reports during period from No. Central Tenn. ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK: 9 reports during period from No. Central Tenn. Golden Eagle: 6 wintered in Cannon Co. (FB) ; 7 Dec. injured bird captured near Giles and Marshall County lines (fide MLB) ; 22 Nov. (2) B (DH, RH); 8 Feb. (15) Dale Hollow Lake (fide DH, RH). Sandhill Crane: 15 Nov. (40) FC (fide DH, RH) ; 16 Nov. (42) B (DH, RH) ; 6 Mar. (6) FC (DH, RH). American Woodcock: 9 Mar. (5, preenting) NA (HR, JR). Spotted Sandpiper: 10 Nov. (1) NA (MLM). Greater Yellow- legs: 18 Nov. (1) LC (LWC). Bonaparte’s Gull: 21 Jan. (6) MP (TH). Dove-Blackbird: Mourning Dove: 28 Dec. (nest, 1 egg), 29 Dec. (2 eggs), 9 Jan. (empty) NA (MLB, Pat Stalling). GROUND DOVE: 3 and 8 Dec. (1) DRU (Jerald Ledbetter, fide MLB). Great Horned Owl: 3 active nests (5 young) FP (MDW). Barred Owl: 2 M.ar. (nest, 2 eggs) FP (MDW). SHORT-EARED OWL: 20 Nov. (4) (MLM), 7 wintered (MLB) all Smyrna Airport. LONG-EARED OWL: 22 Dec. - 4 Jan. (1-3) Cheatham Dam ((MLB). Common Nighthawk: 2 Nov. (1) NA (MLB). Great Crested Fly- catcher: 8 Nov. (1) W (FB). Purple Martin: 1 Mar. (1) NA (HR, JR). Bewick’s Wren: 15 Mar. (4) Loretto, LC (DS). Gray Catbird: 10 Nov. (1) NA (KAG). Water Pipit: 23 Nov. (60) CCNWR (BC, LC); 22 Dec. (40) H (BJ); 4 Jan. (1) CL (MLB); 28 Feb. (35) FP (MDW). Solitary Vireo: 4 Nov. (1) W (FB). Orange-crowned Warbler: 1 Nov. (1, banded) NA (KAG). Nashville Warbler: 9 Nov. (1) OHL (BF, SF). Yellow-rumped Warbler: 9 Mar. (185) David Crockett State Park (DS). Chestnut-sided Warbler: 2 Nov. (1) OHL (BF, SF). Pine Warbler: 1 Mar. (1) FP (MDW). Palm Warbler: 6 reports during period from No. Central Tenn. Ovenbird: 7 Nov. (1) W (FB). Rusty Blackbird: 28 Feb. (80) FP (MDW). Tanager-Longspur: Scarlet Tanager: 27 Nov. (1, banded) NA (KAG). ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK: 12 Feb. - end of period (1 imm. male) Brentwood (Fannie Murphy). BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK: 2 Jan. - end of period (1 imm. male) ST (fide DC, PC). Indigo Bunting: 16 Jan. - 15 Mar. (1-2) ST (fide DC, PC); 22 Feb. (1) NA (Louise Jackson). Dickcissel: 1 Nov. - 6 Mar. (1) M (Alberta Spence); 10 Nov. (1) Gallatin (DC); 21 Dec. (1) H (BJ) ; Mid. -Jan. (1) M (Alice and Claude Stedman). Evening Grosbeak: 7 Nov. (1) W (FB) ; 27 Nov. (1) LC (LWC); 27 Nov. (2) Manchester (Ethlyn M,cGee). HOUSE FINCH: 17 Feb. - end of period (1 male) OHL (BF, SF). LeCONTE’S SPARROW: 23 Nov. (1) CCNWR (TOS); 6 Dec. (2) DRU (DC, PC); 4 Jan. - 3 Feb. (2) H (BJ). Vesper Sparrow: 22 Dec. (7) H (BJ). Tree Sparrow: 30 Nov. (1) NA (JR) - Lin- [VOL. 46, 1975] 72 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER coins Sparrow: 23 Nov. (1) CCNWR (MDW). LAPLAND LONGSPUR: 22-23 Nov. (25-70) CCNWR (BC, LC, TOS). Locations: B — Byrdstown; CCNWR — Cross Creeks National Wildlife Refuge; CL — Cheatham Lake; DRU — ^Duck River Unit, Tennessee National Wildlife Refuge; EC — Fentress County; FP — ^Five Points; H — Hartsville; LC — Lawrence County; M — Murfreesboro; MP — Monsanto Ponds, Columbia; NA — Nashville Area; OHL — Old Hickory Lake; ST — South Tunnel; W — Woodbury. Observers: FB — ^Frances Bryson; MLB — Michael Bierly; BC — Ben Coffey; LC — Lula Coffey; LWC — Lloyd Clayton; DC — Dot Crawford; PC — ^Paul Crawford; BF — Bill Fintel; SF — Sally Fintel; KAG — Katherine Goodpasture; BJ — Bill Jones; DH — Dave Hassler; RH — Robbie Hassler; TH — Thomas Hendrickson; MLM — Margaret Mann; HR — Heather Riggins; JR — John Rig- gins; DS — Don Simbeck; TOS — Members Tennessee Ornithological Society; MDW— Morris Williams. Morris D. Williams, Dept, of Zoology, Univ. of Tenn., Knoxville 37916. EAGLE TOURS OF REELFOOT LAKE Nov. 1 - March 15 (daily) Have you ever seen our national symbol — the American Bald Eagle???? If not, why not come to Reelfoot Lake and take one of our free auto Eagle Tours this winter. Tours will be from 9 a.m. - 12 noon and leave from the Reelfoot Lake Airpark Inn. On Saturdays and Sundays we will also have short tours that will run from 2 p.m. - 4 p.m. Reservations will be accepted. For information, write or call: Reelfoot Lake State Park, Tiptonville, Ten- nessee 38079. Phone: 901— 253-7167 or 901— 253-7756. [VoL. 46, 1975] PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION The purpose of THE MIGRANT is the recording of observations and original information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state of Tennessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders. Articles for publication originate almost exclusively from T.O.S. members. Contributors should prepare manuscripts and submit them in a form ac- ceptable to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes are solicited but their format should be somewhat different. Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for publication are given herewith. MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee ( Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and i| not submitted for publication elsewhere. TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive. STYLE: Recent issues of THE MIGRANT should be used as a guide in I the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is needed reference should |i be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals available from the Ameri- i can Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue N. W., Wash- ! ington, D. C. 20016. COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on SJ x 11" paper " with adequate margins, for editorial notations, and should contain only entries li intended for setting in type, except the serial page number. Tabular data should I be entered on separate sheets with appropriate title and column headings. I Photographs intended for reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on glossy white paper in black and white (not in color). Instructions to the f editors should be given on a separate sheet. Weights and measurements should I be in metric units. Dating should be in ''continental** form (e.g., 7 March 1968). NOMENCLATURE: Common names should be capitalized followed by 1 binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text for both regular articles and Round Table Notes, and should conform to the A.O.U. Check-list 5th edition, 1957. Trinomial should be used only after the specimen has been measured or compared with typical specimens. BIBLIOGRAPHY: When there are more than five references in an article, they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be , appropriately included in the text. SUMMARY: Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum- I) marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from the work performed. IDENTIFICATION: Rare or unusual species identification to be accept- able must be accompanied by verifying evidence. This should include: date, time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment, distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying observation and reference works consulted. REPRINTS: Reprints are available on request. Reprint requests should accompany article at the time of submission. Billing to authors will be through the state T.O.S. Treasurer. Books for review and articles for publication should be submitted to the editor. Seasonal reports and items should be forwarded to the appropriate departmental editor whose name and address will be found on the inside front cover. CONTENTS Nashville Television Tower Casualties, 1974. Katherine A. Goodpasture 49 Annual Autumn Hawk Count. Thomas W. Fmucane 52 1975 Spring Field Days. Morris D. Williams 5 5 Round Table Notes Merlin At Nashville. Tat Stallings 60 Avocets in Franklin County. Harry C. Yeatman 60 Baird’s Sandpiper at Gallatin Steam Plant. William Senter 61 Migration of Nighthawks in Cumberland County. Mrs. E. M. West 62 Migrating Common Nighthawks in West Tennessee. Charles P. Nicholson 63 The Season. Edited by Fred J. Alsop, III 64 Western Coastal Plain Region. Martha Waldron 65 Central Plateau and Basin Region. Morris D. Williams 66jj Eastern Ridge and .Valley Region. Daniel R. Jacobson 67 Eastern Mountain Region. Glen D. Eller 69 Central Plateau and Basin Region (Winter Report) . Sf! Morris D. Williams 71 THE MIGRANT A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1930 Published By THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1915 A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization. EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR GARY O. WALLACE Rt. 7, Box 338, Sunrise Dr., Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643 1 'THE SEASON” EDITOR FRED J. ALSOP, III Rt. 6, 302 Evergreen St., Church Hill, Tenn. 37642 | "STATE COUNT COMPILER” MORRIS D. WILLIAMS Box 25, Five Points, Tenn. 38457 OFFICERS FOR 1975-77 PRESIDENT RAY JORDAN Department of Biology, Tennessee Technical University, ' Cookeville, Tenn. 38501 VICE-PRESIDENT, EAST TENN BILL WILLIAMS | 1313 Young Ave., Maryville, Tenn. 37801 ' VICE-PRESIDENT, MIDDLE TENN PAUL CRAWFORD Route 4, Gallatin, Tenn. 37066 VICE-PRESIDENT, WEST TENN JULIAN DARLINGTON | 3112 Glentinnan Road, Memphis, Tenn. 38128 : DIRECTORS- AT-LARGE : ! EAST TENN JON DeVORE 4922 Sarasota Dr., liixson, Tenn. 37343 MIDDLE TENN DAVID HASSLER Box 1, Byrdstown, Tenn. 38549 WEST TENN MRS. C. K. J. SUMARA 1011 Church St., Tipton ville, Tenn. 38079 CURATOR JAMES T. TANNER Rt. 28, Box 15 5, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920 SECRETARY MISS LOUISE JACKSON 5037 Montclair Dr., Nashville, Tenn. 37211 TREASURER KENNETH H. DUBKE Rt. 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah, Tenn. 37363 Annual dues, $4.00; Sustaining, $7.50; Life, $100.00; Student, $3.00; Family, $5.00; (chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses). Dues, contributions, and be- quests are deductible from Federal income and estate taxes. Back numbers may be had from Dr. James T. Tanner, Rt. 28, Box 15 5, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920. Correspond with the Treasurer for subscriptions, memberships, and changes of address. Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by Mallicote Printing Inc., 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620. U.S.A. Postage paid and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643, U.S.A. THE MIGRANT Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society, to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee. Issued in March, June, September, and December. VOL. 46 DECEMBER, 1975 NO. 4 INCIDENT OF NEST-SITE REEATED AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN THE FLICKER, COLAPTES AURATUS Philip M. Mathis Several reports describing the keen competition between Flickers {Colaptes auratus) and Starlings {Sturnus vulgaris) for nest sites have been recorded (A. C. Bent. 1965. Life Histories of North American Wagtails, Shrikes, Yireos, and Their Allies. U. S. Nat’l Mus. Bull. 197 ). These reports emphasize the aggressiveness and competitive success of the Starlings. Apparently, Flickers often excavate holes to be used for nesting only to be driven away by Starlings — sometimes repeatedly. Despite the fact that aggressive behavior is often ex- hibited, success for the Flicker is normally achieved through the avoidance of Starling-infested areas rather than through any type of aggressive behavior. Apparently, my actions of 21 May 1975 triggered the display of aggressive behavior described in the following narrative. Activities related to the 21 May incident began in early April when I observed a male Flicker excavating a hole in the dead branch of a silver maple (Acer saccharinum) while its mate foraged nearby. The maple stands on the vacant lot west of my residence which is just north of Murfreesboro. Late one afternoon two or three days afterward. Dr. Clarence Greever and I observed a Flicker peeking from the hole situated approximately 2 5 feet above the ground. The pair of Flickers had apparently chosen the newly excavated hole as a nest site. Later when I decided to check on the Flickers’ progress, they were not to be found. However, I noted some straw protruding from the nest opening. This subsequently proved to be part of a shabbily constructed Starling nest. At approximately 11:00 CDT on 21 May, I shot four Starlings on the vacant lot adjacent to my home. Included among the dead was the male member of the pair occupying the hole previously excavated by the Flickers. Later that day around 18:00 CDT, my attention was drawn to a noisy commotion caused by the arrival of a pair of Flickers. I presumed they were the original Flickers. The female Starling circled the vicinity surrounding the nest site emitting harsh hissing sounds. Occasionally, she would swoop within a few feet of the Flickers, but never physically attacked them. The Flickers gave no evidence of fear, although they watched the Starlings constantly and the female Flicker moved alongside the nest opening each time the Starling approached the nest site. While this action was taking place outside the nest, the young Starlings inside clamoured loudly. [VoL. 46, 1975] 74 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER Next, the male Flicker entered the nest and a few minutes later managed to ' force out of the hole an almost fully feathered young Starling; the first of four which he would eventually eject. The young Starlings apparently offered con- siderable resistance to ejection. The removal of all four nestings required about an hour. One nesting was particularly difficult to remove. As the Flicker at- I tempted to push the young bird from the nest opening, the two of them became j entangled and both birds tumbled to within perhaps four or five feet of the ground before the Flicker broke free. The following day, I collected and dis- || posed of all four nestings. Following the expulsion of the young Starlings, the male Flicker commenced 1 to remove, billful at a time, straw and other nest material. Nest cleaning was still in progress at nightfall and continued intermittently all of the following i day. The female Flicker did not participate in the nest cleaning, but entered | the nest during brief absences of her mate. As the nest cleaning of 22 May progressed, several adult Starlings arrived | and perched on branches near the nest. The number of Starlings varied from | hour to hour, but three to five were consistently present. The Starlings showed no hostility, but rather seemed to be biding their time waiting for the Flickers [ to leave so they could occupy the nest. The Flickers, however, were cautious not to let such an event occur. Each time the male left the nest, the female waited by the nest opening and immediately replaced the male in the nest and remained there until the male returned. By 18:00 CDT the Starlings had moved out of the immediate area, ending the day’s siege. At approximately 19:00 CDT 22 May, I watched the Flickers copulate on a branch near the nest and considered the pleasant prospect of having a brood of young Yellow Shafts so near my home. The following day, though, the Starlings were back and the Flickers were again cautiously guarding their nest. On 24 May I did not see the Flickers and have not seen them since. On 2 5 May I ob- served a Starling carrying straw into the nest opening and later a pair of Starlings occupied the nest site again. During the nesting season, pair bonds among avian species are sometimes abruptly broken through natural mortality. Following such breaks, the surviving mate may be unable to successfully defend the nest. The results of my actions of 21 May suggest that the loss of one member of nesting pair of Starlings may reduce nest defending capacity by an amount sufficient to permit competing Flickers to regain control of a previously lost nest site. Control of the nest site by Flickers, however, appears likely to be short-lived since new pairs of Starlings will probably arrive and contest the ownership of the nest. Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, P. O. Box 578, Murfreesboro 37132. [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 75 RED-NECKED GREBE SIGHTED ON I CHICKAMAUGA EAKE j Kenneth H. and Lillian H. Dubke Upon returning from a trip to Chattanooga on 18 February, 1975, it was ! decided to drive by Booker T. Washington State Park and observe the waterfowl on Chickamauga Lake. Upon arriving, we turned into the boat ramp to make our observations. In driving down the incline, Lil noted, at a distance of approxi- mately 2 5 meters, what appeared to be an unusual grebe. She called this to my attention and I casually noted the grebe’s somewhat larger body, longer, thicker neck, larger head and bill, however, upon stopping the car, I picked up my 7x35 wide-angle binoculars and started panning for waterfowl to the left. In the meantime, Lil immediately picked up her 7x35 binoculars and noted de- tails of the grebe, which was on the right. In addition to the above charac- teristics, she observed an obvious crescent shaped whitish mark on the head that extended from the throat around the back of the cheek to the upper nape, and the overall grayish appearance, especially on the neck and side of body. There was a lack of white on the face, neck and breast that could be expected I in the similar Horned Grebe {Podiceps aurittis) . Upon the obvious identification of the Red-necked Grebe (Podiceps grisegem) , Lil alerted me to look quickly, however, the bird suddenly submerged. We kept scanning the lake and the grebe surfaced in a burst of labored energy, only a short distance away. As the grebe paddled over the water, it took flight, flying only a few meters above the water across the lake. Two conspicuous white patches on each wing were noted, t Its neck was held down in typical grebe fashion. We were both able to observe j these field marks through our binoculars. 1 The light conditions at the time of observation would not be described as ' perfect, however, very suitable for the above noted field observation. The time I of observation was 16:00 hours. The day had been generally rainy, misty and I overcast, with low hanging clouds. The bird was followed from view as it flew from only a few meters, to completely across the lake and out of sight. As we did not have a telescope with us, we immediately drove home and re- turned to survey the entire area and found nothing. The next day visibility had improved remarkably and we were on the scene again shortly after 8:00 hours, to follow up the previous day’s observation. Again the bird was not found. In order to gain more insight into the above observation and the recording of the species, all available reference material was checked. It was noted that Alsop (1972) listed the Red-necked Grebe in his "Preliminary List of Tennessee i Birds”; Parmer (1970) records one observation by Albert F. Ganier at Nash- i ville, 1 May, 1920. Both the A.O.U. Check-list (1957) and Palmer (1962) I note the bird’s presence in Tennessee. Lawrence Trabue (1965) presents some j very interesting discussions on the sighting of the Red-necked Grebe in Tennes- ! see. Parmer cites Albert Ganier’s detailed description from his personal card file j on his observation of the bird at Radnor Lake, giving description, plumage and size. However, the only other apparent record of the species in the state is discussed in detail by Lawrence Trabue in his article. It appears this bird was found on a Christmas Count in 1926, without any details given whatsoever on [VoL. 46, 1975] 76 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER its rarity. On the same count, a White-eyed Vireo (Vireo griseus) was reported with complete details given. Trabue gives little credence to the observation of the grebe and speculates that it could have been a Horned Grebe, which is common in the winter. We agree with his conclusion. The A.O.U. Check-list as well as Bent (1919) record the species at Reelf oot Lake. We can find no record to support this observation. The Red-necked Grebe is casually found in the winter along the coast with a few records in Florida, so its appearance here was not totally unexpected. This observation should alert field observers to carefully observe all grebes. REFERENCES ALsop, FRED j.. III. 1972. A Preliminary List of Tennessee Birds. THE MIGRANT, 43 (3): 59. AMERICAN ornithologists’ UNION. 1957. Check-list of North American Birds, fifth ed., Baltimore American Ornithologist Union. BENT, ARTHUR CLEVELAND. 1919. Life Histories of North American Diving Birds. U. S. National Museum Bulletin 107. PARMER, HENRY E. 1970, 2nd ed. Birds of the Nashville Area. PALMER, RALPH s. (Ed.). 1962. Handbook of North American Birds, Vol. 1. New Haven, Connecticut, Yale University Press. TRABUE, i.AWRENCE o. 1965. A review of Tennessee Christmas Counts, The Migramt, 36 (2): 36-44. Route 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah 37363. THE SIXTY-FIRST ANNUAL SPRING TOS MEETING CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE 3 0 APRIL, 1, 2 MAY 1976 Headquarters will be at the Quality Inn South, East Ridge Exit, 1-75 South from Chattanooga. Make reservations directly to Quality Inn South, East Ridge, for special rates. Additional information will be sent out well in advance by the host chapter Chattanooga. If further details are needed contact Ken and Lil Dubke, Route 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah, TN 37363. [Vol. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 77 BIRD FINDING IN TENNESSEE j SAVANNAH BAY [ I Kenneth H. and Lillian Dubke I j One of the finest for a variety of birds in Hamilton County is an area we I locally call Savannah Bay. It is reached frarn Chattanooga by traveling 1-75 j North, approximately 16 miles, to Ooltewah Exit, drive under Freeway, turn right onto Snow Hill Road, continue approximately 4 miles (a silo and barn on left, also sign Providence Baptist Church) turn right on Roy Lane. j In fact we were so attracted to the location that we bought land and built our home on the south end of the Bay. We moved into our home 17 July, 1974. j The house faces north with a different view from each window: White Oak I Mountain, brushy areas, grass and lake, and with winter lake draw-down, exten- sive mud flats. TVA fills the lake to full pool by mid-April and lowers the level to mud flats by October. This enables us to conveniently observe feeding I waterfowl, shorebirds and herons in the winter. , AREA I: With ease, one can look out the window and pan with scope the |i exposed mud in winter and during migration for shorebirds, hawks, waterfowl, [VoL. 46, 1975] THE MIGRANT 78 DECEMBER I: I gulls and terns. To verify suspected rare or unusual species and numbers, it is | just a simple matter to walk to the water’s edge. j AREA II: This is TVA property, it is low, wet and marshy and will there- I fore have no permanent structure built upon it. Every few years the TVA '' Division of Reservoir Properties, brushes the area down for mosquito control. It is in this area that migrating flocks of Orchard Orioles have been found | consistently after the nesting season until the end of August. In 1974 a late l summer Kingbird roost, with numbers up to 80 was present. Short-billed Marsh j Wrens have been found during this period. In the winter there is an abundance I of food for sparrows. |i AREA III: This is a convenient place to get closer observations of the birds ! feeding on the exposed mud flats. | AREA IV: Same as above. AREA V: This is the north end of the Bay and when the lake is full in |i summer has many little islands which make very attractive areas for Wood * Ducks to feed. Surrounding the area are hedgerows and fields. In 1975 a Red- shouldered Hawk was found nesting in the timbered, swampy area. ; AREA VI: White Oak Mountain. To date this area has been explored to a ^ limited extent for woodland species. The mountain goes to an elevation of 1800 feet and has a fire tower which makes an excellent hawk migration observation ! point. Close to 200 species have been found in the area. The unique feature of the area is the apparent rich productivity of the flats to consistently sustain a good | wintering population of 8 5 to 165 Dunlin, 75 to 100 Common Snipe and an equal number of Killdeer. To our knowledge, and in discussion with other i active Tennessee field observers, there is no other site in the state that harbors i such a varied combination of species. ' Route 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah 37363. ! THE 1975 MISSISSIPPI VALLEY WINTER BALD EAGLE COUNT : The Tennessee Ornithological Society will conduct a one-day Bald Eagle I Count on Saturday, 14 February. This count will be held in cooperation with the Mississippi Valley Winter Bald Eagle Survey under the direction of Elton Fawks. If the weather is bad in your area the count can be held on 1 5 February. The totals of individual counts should be called in to 1-800-342-8406 on 16 February. The final report can be mailed later to Bill Yambert, Tennessee Wild- life Resources Agency, Box 40747, Nashville, Tennessee 37204. i [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 79 ROUND TABLE NOTES WOOD STORK SEEN IN STEWART COUNTY— On 25 May, 1975, while approaching Clarksville, Tennessee, 1.2 miles west of the Montgomery- Stewart County line on U. S. Highway 79, Michael Dinsmore sighted a Wood Stork, Mycferia americana, at 09:10 EDT soaring above the highway. Noted were the dark head with heavy decurved bill, white body, black tail, extensive areas of black on trailing sides of wings, and large overall size. The bird was believed to be an immature due to a predominately yellow bill (Robbins, et al. 1966. Birds of North America. Golden Press, New York). It soared with its neck fully extended and its legs extended past its tail. No other bird looks like this in flight. It was as large as a Great Blue Heron, Ardea herodias, but this species flies with its neck folded back to its shoulders. It was much too large to be an ibis. The bird was observed from below in excellent light, through 10x35 bin- oculars as it soared overhead at a height of approximately 2 50 feet for about two minutes. It then flew off to the northwest in the general direction of Lake Kyle, within the Fort Campbell Military Reservation. Immediately, an hour was spent searching for the bird in the area of Lake Kyle with no luck. Several return trips to the area on subsequent days also yielded no sighting of the bird. The weather was warm and sunny with a slight owercast beginning to build up with the temperature in the 70’s. The general habitat was one of a rural resi- dential farm community to the south of Highway 79 and plantations of Finns faeda and deciduous woodlands to the north. The observer has had previous experience with all common wading birds of the Middle Tennessee area, and also with other waders and ibises in Florida. The Wood Stork exhibits a rather extensive post-breeding dispersal north- ward from its breeding grounds along the southeast coast and in Florida (Palmer, R. S. 1962. Handbook of North American Birds. Vol. 1. Loons ; through Flamingos. Yale University Press). The area of this dispersal usually includes west Tennessee along the alluvial plain of the Mississippi River, but not middle and east Tennessee. Mike Bierly of Nashville was kind enough to search back issues of The Migrant and located 7 records of the Wood Stork east of the Mississippi alluvial plain where the sightings usually occur. Two records were in 192 5 and three were in the 193 O’s. The two most recent records include i one near Tullahoma in 195 5 (The Migrant, 26:43), and one near Chattanooga ' in 1966 (The Migrant, 37:82). The present record therefore represents the 1 first reported sighting of a Wood Stork in nearly 9 years in Tennessee east of ! the Mississippi alluvial plain. ' Michael O. Dinsmore, P. O. Box 182, Indooroopilly, Queensland, Aus- tralia 4068. SURF SCOTERS AT SAVANNAH BAY, CHATTANOOGA— On 11 May, 1975, while panning Chickamauga Lake, Savannah Bay, with a 2 Ox scope, I observed two Surf Scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) . With visiting friends I quickly walked down to the waters’ edge and under excellent light conditions, the sun to the rear, and at a distance of 75 meters, I could easily distinguish the [Vol. 46, 1975] 80 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER field marks of a first year male and a female Surf Scoter. Of interest, Francis H. j Kortright (1942, The Ducks, Geese and Swans of North America, The Stack- j pole Co., Harrisburg, Pa.), comments that the main northward flight of the Surf Scoter takes place along the coast in May. In addition to myself, other observers were my husband, Ken, E. O. Grund- ! set, Roger Woodruff, Gertrude Fleming, Ann and Carl Gibson and others. j Lillian H. Dubke, Rt. 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah 37363. I i PURPLE SANDPIPER SIGHTING IN SUMNER COUNTY, TENNES- I SEE — On 6 June 1975 at about 17:30 CDT, we made a routine check of the ash disposal pond at the Gallatin Steam Plant. We listed two Mallards {Anas | platyrhynchos) , one Wood Duck { Aix sponsa), three Killdeer {Charddrhis [ vociferus) , two Least Sandpipers {Erolia minutilla) , and twelve Semipalmated Sandpipers {Ereunetes pusillus) . Also present were two medium-sized shore ! birds, resting and preening on the ash. One, we first thought, was a Stilt Sand- [i piper (Micropdlama himdntopus) in an unusual plumage. Later, we decided to ^ list this bird "unidentified.” We concentrated most of our attention on the ! second bird. Its most noticeable field mark was the orange-yellow of the short : legs. We then noticed that the medium-length beak was yellow at the base * and black at the tip. The yellow shaded out to black about midway between ||j base and tip. A quick check of Birds of North America by Robbins et al, con- ji firmed Dot’s suspicion that the only sandpiper with these field marks is the || Purple Sandpiper (Erolia maritima) . However, this bird was brown, not the ' slaty-gray of the winter birds we have seen in Massachusetts. 1 The sky was clear and the bright afternoon sun was behind us, affording the best light conditions possible at this location. Our spotting scope is a : Bushnell 20-45x. The bird was approximately 100 yards out on the ash. It was somewhat shorter but plumper than the Killdeer and was noticeably larger than jl: the Semipalmated Sandpipers. The head, back and wings had typical "peep” plumage, basically brown. The throat and breast were strongly streaked with | brownish and the belly was pale. The bird did not feed or fly while we watched it. We swapped the book and the spotting scope back and forth for about 30 | minutes, then went home to call other birders. It was gone the next day and ij was not seen again. j Obviously, a Purple Sandpiper in Tennessee in June is a very unlikely bird jl indeed, so we checked the references we have on the bird. | Peterson’s A Field Guide to the Birds, states: "In breeding plumage (rarely j seen here) the bird is browner with a few rusty marks on the back and a |j heavily streaked breast.” || On page 152 of Bent’s Life Histories of North American Shorebirds (part j one), casual records are listed from Bermuda, New Jersey, Georgia, Florida !j (Key Biscayne and Gordon’s Pass), Missouri, Illinois, Ohio and Wisconsin. The |j Missouri and Wisconsin records are spring records. || There are two previous records of Purple Sandpipers in Tennessee (The Migrajtt 43:62-63). The first record was at Hiwassee Island on 25 November 1962 and the second on 8 June 1967 at Bays Mountain Lake. [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 81 These records seem to indicate that, even though the Purple Sandpiper is a bird of the far north, occasional individuals tend to wander erratically. We feel sure that "our” bird was one of these individuals. Paul and Dot Crawford, Route 4, Gallatin 37066. BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES AND LAUGHING GULLS AT CHICKAMAUGA DAM, CHATTANOOGA— On 7 December 1971, Lee Shafer observed on Nickajack Lake what appeared to be 2 adult and 2 immature Black-legged Kittiwakes {Rissa tridacfyla) . Upon arriving home he immediately called Benton Basham, who, the next day, drove to the location to confirm the sighting. They were not there, however, on a hunch the birds could possibly have moved up stream toward Chickamauga Dam he checked that site. His hunch was correct, as he found not only the Kittiwakes but also identified winter plumaged Laughing Gulls {Lams atricella) . The word quickly spread and m.any people had an opportunity to leisurely view not only the northern Kittiwakes, but also the costal breeding Laughing Gulls in an unique combina- tion of circumstances for our inland location. In addition to the writers seeing the birds others included the entire Lee Shafer family, Benton Basham, Floyd Murdock, Fred J. Alsop, III and many field observers from across the state. The 2 adult Kittiwakes were typical winter plumage; black legs, solid black wing tips, dark diagonal band across the wings and dark mark at base of neck in back. The plumage of the two immature Kittiwakes included a dark neck band, black legs, black wing tips, terminal black band on slightly forked tail. The Kittiwake numbers ranged from one to four, while the Laughing Gulls ranged in numbers from eight to fifteen. The Kittiwakes were last observed on 1 3 December by the writers and the Laughing Gulls on 1 5 December. These are further details as recorded in The Migran/: 43 (1) :2 5. KTnneth H. and Lillian H. Dubke, Route 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah 37363. LONG-EARED OWL IN GREENE COUNTY, TENNESSEE— The Long- eared Owl (Asio of ns) was observed seven times from 9 March to 2 5 March, 1975, at Kinser Park adjoining Lake Davey Crockett south of Greeneville on the Nolichuckey River. The first sighting was 9 March 16:35 EDT. Flushed from a honeysuckle-overgrown thicket of mixed cedar, pines, and small de- ciduous trees, the first owl was sighted flying somewhat in the manner of the Chuck-will’s- widow {Caprimnlgits carollnensis) on a short daytime flight. During the attempt to sight the first owl, a second owl left the roost and alighted near the first owl in an open pine higher on the ridge. At this time the owls were identified. The first owl moved away so that only one owl was well observed through 7 x 50 binoculars from 50 feet distance by observer Royal Beecher Spees (RBS). The owl was more the color of that shown in A Guide to Field Identification, Birds of North America, Robbins, Bruun & Zim, 1966, Western Publishing Co., p. 161, than that shown in A Field Guide to the Birds, Eastern Land and Water Birds, Peterson, 1947, Houghton Mifflin, [VoL. 46, 1975] 82 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER Plate 39 adjoining p. 15 0, but sat more erect and trim (feathers close to the body rather than "fluffed” with air) than either handbook depicts the owl. This was assumed to be more of an "alarmed” posture than those depicted in the paintings. The day was sunny and clear with temperatures in the low 40’s following a night in the 20’s with light wind and light snowfall. The weather preceding the sighting had not been severe in the region at this elevation. The most "whitewash” marked roosting cedar was in a small sink on the north side of a low ridge leading northeast from the lake area to higher pasture land (1247 feet to 1400 feet). This well-used tree was about 25 feet tall, the roost being about 16 feet up and about level with the upper south side of the sink. Approach was first made up to the lower north side of the sink from the adjoining overgrown field during exercising of a bird dog. The area had been laid out several years ago as a multiple-stand field practice archery range, affording a number of open paths through the area. During the past two years there has been construction of recreation facilities surrounding this wooded area, including for the past 8 months a golf course, and perhaps some concen- tration of the owl food supply due to movement from these areas to the fields adjoining the wooded areas. The principal sighting area would total some 10 acres with additional wood lots adjoining in the park and around the lake. The attempt to get a second sighting of the birds that day with a second observer at 18:15 EDT proved fruitless. The second sighting was made in the same manner as the first on 1 5 March 1975 at 18:45 EDT with weather partly cloudy and temperatures in the 40’s. The two owls were observed to move successively from the roost trees. The first owl moved away from the open pine when the second owl moved into the tree. One was observed, at 50 feet, to perch erect on top of a broken tree stem and except for the "ears” would have easily been missed by the observer because it looked like the end of the stem extended. Observer: RBS. The third sighting 16 March 1975 was made by several individuals (from 15:10 EDT to 16:30 EDT) when an owl perched in a pine on the south rim of the sink and all members of the party observed the bird in detail, at a distance of 40 feet, both aided and unaided by binoculars. Weather was partly cloudy with a light breeze and temperatures in the 40’s and 50’s. Members of the party were Gary Wallace, Glen Eller, Dick Lura from the Elizabethton Chapter, TOS; Helen Spees and RBS of the Greene ville Chapter, TOS. On 19 March 1975 10:00 EDT to 12:45 EDT during showery weather, temperature in the 5 0’s, a party searched the area with no sightings. Party members were Lee R. Herndon, Martha Dillenbeck, Helenhill Dove from the Elizabethton Chapter, TOS; Richard Nevius and RBS of the Greeneville Chap- ter, TOS. On the fourth sighting 21 March 17:55 EDT during quiet, sunny, warm (60’s) wieather, an owl was sighted at 40 feet in a pine thicket 100 feet north- west of the sink and six feet above eye level, aided and unaided by binoculars, by Helen Reed and Greeneville Chapter TOS members Willie Ruth Nevius, Margaret and King Gaut, Helen Spees and RBS. During this observation some observers could hear sounds such as those made by a small cat. In Birds of Eastern North America, Frank M. Chapman states that the note of this owl is said to resemble the noise made by kittens. [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 83 The fifth sighting 22 March 1975 16:30 EDT with clear sky, light breeze, and temperature in the 60’s was in a pine tree on the ridge approximately 100 feet east of the sink roost-tree by a party of Knoxville Chapter, TOS: J. B. Owen, Chuck Nicholson, Fae Andrews, Gary Mufily; Elizabethton Chapter, TOS: Lois and Lee R. Herndon, Pete Range, Jake Slonaker; and by RBS. The sixth sighting was 23 March 18:30 EDT in the same area with a clear day and temperature in the low 70’s by Knoxville Chapter TOS members: Chuck Nicholson, Fae Andrews and Morris Williams. An earlier attempt that day 16:00 to 17:00 by RBS failed. On 24 M,arch 1975 no sighting resulted during a 3 -hour morning search of the area by Fred Alsop and a search 15:00 EDT to 16:00 EDT by Alsop and RBS. The final observation on the morning of 2 5 March 1975 was in a pine over a "whitewash” approximately 70 feet west southwest of the sink by Fred Alsop on a clear, windy day with temperature in the 60’s. Unsuccessful attempts to observe the owl were on 30 March 1975 14:00 to 15:00 EDT; 2 April 1975 13:00 to 15:00 EDT. It was observed that the Long-eared Owl was content to be observed by persons at close range (approximately 2 5 feet) but that approach by a second person or persons from another direction with the owl turning to watch both directions caused the owl to move away. All sightings of these birds were within 100 feet of the principal roost tree. Search of The Migrant reveals no reported sightings of the Long-eared Owl north of Chattanooga or east of Nashville in Tennessee. Dr. Royal Beecher Spees, P. O. Box 3 56, Greeneville 37743. WINTER TREE SWALLOWS AT SAVANNAH BAY— On 6 January, 1975, the writer observed a Tree Swallow {Iridoprocne bicolor) fly by the window of the den of our house on Chickamauga Lake. The window faces to the north, offering a panoramic view of the vast mudflats and grassy area of the bay. Regularly, while working at the desk, binoculars (7 x 3 5, wide angle) are stationed nearby for quick identification of various species as they move about. Such was the occasion on the above noted observation. The maximum temperature on this date was 56 degrees, with the wind blowing in a clear sky from the SW at 18 to 22 mph. Leisure views of the white belly and green-black back were made of the bird as it hawked for insects as close as 50 meters. On 2 5 February a similar observation was made except this time there were two birds and Lil was present to enjoy the observation of our early migrating swallows. Again, there was unlimited visibility with wind speeds up to 30 mph from the west and temperature up to 57 degrees. On 23 February, 1971, an early Tree Swallow was reported in the same area by the author and his wife (The Migrant 44 (2):47). The only other published Tennessee winter record of the Tree Swallows that could be located were those discussed by Lawrence O. Trabue in his article "A Review of Ten- nessee Christmas Counts” (The Migrant (2):36-44). Kenneth H. Dubke, Route 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah 37363. [VoL. 46, 1975] 84 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK IN SUMNER COUNTY, TENNESSEE— On 17 February 1975, Carol Knauth had an item about a Black-headed Grosbeak {Vheucticus melanocephalus) in her "Wing Tips” column in the Nashville Banner. Mrs. Knauth said that the bird had been coming to a feeder in Portland, Photo by Paul Crawford Tennessee. Since there was no previous record of a Black-headed Grosbeak in Sumner County, we were very interested in seeing the bird. After some difficulty, we located the bird at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Monte Hagan in South Tunnel. Their mailing address is Portland. South Tunnel is a village located on the edge of the Highland Rim and is about five miles north-northwest from Gallatin. We called the Hagans and were told that the grosbeak was strictly a morn- ing bird, usually arriving between 06:15 and 06:45 and was rarely, if ever, seen after 10:00. On the morning of 20 February, we went to the Hagan’s home at 06:20 CST. The light was poor at this time but a number of birds were already feeding at a hanging feeder and also on the ground where cracked corn had been scattered. Among the birds present were Cardinals Cardmalis cardinalis) , Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) , Purple Finches {Carpodacus ptirpmreus) , Common Crackles {Oniscaltis quiscula) ^ Field Sparrows {Sphella pusilla), and Rufous-sided Towhees {Pipilo erythrophthahnns) . At 06:25, the Black-headed Grosbeak flew in from the thicket that borders the Hagan’s back yard, lit on the ground and began feeding on cracked corn. The bird fed until 06:44, then flew back into the thicket. It returned for brief intervals of feeding until 09:08 and was not seen again that morning. The morning was clear and cool and by 08:00 visibility was very good. The bird fed at a spot about 2 5 ft. from the observers and 7 x 50 binoculars were used. We made the following notes while we watched the bird: crown, dark sooty with a paler stripe down the center; pale line over the eye; cheek patch, dark sooty as sides of crown; beak, large, pale, with upper mandible slightly darker than lower; throat, breast and flanks, yellowish-orange with orange [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 85 collar extending around back of neck; light streaking on flanks; rump, rusty- orange; belly, bright lemon-yellow; wings and tail, black with white markings; the wing had a white patch near the front and a white bar farther back. The white markings in the wings and tail were especially noticeable when the bird was in flight. We recognized the bird immediately as an immature male Black-headed Grosbeak. We had seen several of this species in Colorado and also saw the bird in Murfreesboro in January 1974 {Migrant 45:72-73). This bird, and the Murfreesboro bird, were quite similar. The bird first appeared in the Hagan’s yard on 2 January 1975 and was last seen on 21 April 1975. Mrs. Hagan, who had never seen a Black-headed Grosbeak, identified the bird using only Peterson’s *‘'‘A Field Guide to the Birds.” Its feeding habits were consistent throughout the period and it never lost its shyness, always flushing at the slightest movement. We saw the bird several times during its stay and it was also seen by several other birders from various parts of the state. It is of interest to note that there were three additional reports of Black- headed Grosbeaks in Tennessee during the time the Hagan’s bird was here. The first bird was reported in Memphis 13 January through 19 January. The second bird was seen at the junction of Collins Road and Tennessee Highway 100 near Nashville. Mrs. Robert McClain described it to Katherine A. Goodpasture. Her description was a good one and she was able to identify a picture of the bird. The third bird was trapped and banded by Katherine A. Goodpasture at her home on 26 March. The last two locations are 9J air miles apart. If we can assume that these four birds are separate individuals, the first three months of 1975 produced the same number of Black-headed Grosbeaks as the total previously recorded for Tennessee. Possibly, future observations will give an indication as to whether this was just an unusual year, if more people are reporting their observations, or if the Black-headed Grosbeak is extending its range. Paul and Dot Crawford, Route 4, Gallatin 37066. [VoL. 46, 1975] 86 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER THE SEASON Fred J. Aesop, III, Editor What a most interesting nesting season report! There were many good birders in the field and they found many late migrants and stragglers, some wandering visitors from farther south, some nesting by uncommon species, and some chal- lenging problems that must wait until at least next year’s nesting season before they can be answered. In addition to the information presented in the following pages look at all the things we don’t know about the species which frequent Tennessee in the summer and make yourself a personal project to add some new information about the State’s breeding avafauna next year. Find for yourself the most exciting birding is after the spring migration! Ospreys were reported from all four regions as late as the last week of May, but there was only one known nesting attempt by the species in the State. One pair nested and laid eggs at Reelfoot Lake within sight of the new Airpark Motel. In June the nest was abandoned and the pair was seen to start construc- tion on a new nest nearby. Broken egg shells were found in the first nest and the second nest was never completed. Bald Eagles were seen in the Central Plateau and Basin and in the Ridge and Valley Regions in June, but nothing is known of their activities here during the period and it may be assumed that they probably came here as wandering birds after the earlier nesting season in more southern areas (Florida?). A Marsh Hawk was found as late as 29 May in the Western Coastal Plain. There were many sightings of late shorebirds in all Regions, but they were especially noteworthy because of the numbers of individuals and the diversity of species represented in the Central Plateau and Basin and the Ridge and Valley Regions. The Western Coastal Plain reported a Spotted Sandpiper in mid-June and for the third consecutive year there were summer records of Upland Sand- pipers at the Nashville airport making the latter a most interesting problem. A Common Snipe was found in July in a marsh in Chattanooga and a Northern Phalarope was recorded in the Tri-cities area. Tree Swallows nested successfully in the Western Coastal Plain and were found in July in the Eastern Mt. Region. The last area also reported Pine Siskins on Roan Mt. from May through July and Red Crossbills in the Smokies [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 87 in May and June and on Roan Mt. in July. Additional unusual records include: a Lesser Scaup and a Black Tern in the Western Coastal Plain in June and several new sites for the Painted Bunting in that region; two colonies of Black- crowned Night Herons nesting near Nashville, a Wood Stork in Stewart County, a Chestnut-sided Warbler in Nashville in June, a Black-throated Blue Warbler at Fall Creek Falls State Park in June (nesting???), a Lark Sparrow whose attempt to nest was plowed under, and several locations for Willow Flycatchers all in the Central Plateau and Basin Region; in the Eastern Ridge and Valley Region there was a nesting Pied-billed Grebe, Willow Flycatcher nests, a Rose- breasted Grosbeak on Lookout Mountain in late June, and Bachman’s Sparrows in Roane County; Willow Flycatcher nests were also reported from the Eastern Mountain Region. Perhaps the most exciting record for the summer comes from Roan Moun- tain for it may prove to add a new nesting species to the State List in the near future. Magnolia Warblers, at least three singing males, were located there in late June and July in the edges of the spruce-fir stands. The birds appeared to be territorial, but the searchers could find no evidence of actual nesting. Perhaps next year with greater efforts and some luck this colorful migratory species will become Tennessee’s newest nesting bird. This particular Season is filled with truly striking information and good birding challenges for the next nesting season. Your Migrant staff encourages you to add your observations to all future reports. WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN REGION— The nesting season in West Tennessee was marked by a complete run of the Breeding Bird Surveys. Lauder- dale County was selected as the Foray County for 1975 and those observations and data will appear later in a special article and the following information does not reflect the sightings made in Lauderdale Co. The Osprey Nest at Reelfoot in May indicated that the two Osprey were incubating eggs, however two weeks later the pair were seen building another nest. Scaup-Bunting: Lesser Scaup: 6 June (1 male) Robco Lake (BBC, LC). Marsh Hawk: 29 May (1 female) H, NWR (JL). Osprey: 22 May (1) FI, DRU (JL). Black Tern: 15 June (1 adult) H, DRU (MLB, EH, BJ). GOLDEN PLOVER: 5 July (1 full breeding plumage) Miss. R. bar, SW Lake Co. (MLB, DJ). Spotted Sandpiper: 15 June (1) H, DRU (MLB), 4 July (1) Miss. R. Lauderdale Co. (MLB, DJ), 5 July (1) Island and (1) mainland. Lake Co. Tree Swallow: 15 June (2 adults, 4 young) H, DRU (MLB, EH, BJ). Black-and-white Warbler: 16 June (1) SFS~P (BBC). Worm-eating Warbler: 16 June (1) SFSP (BBC), 22 July (1) Hatchie R. Bottoms, TN Hwy. 100, 3 mi. W. of Toone (EC). PAINTED BUNTING: May-June, found at four sites in NW area of city of M and at 2 other sites, including the 1974 site, June and July, Covington, TN. (AS, MLB). Locations: Robco Lake — SW Memphis, H, NWR — Hatchie River, National Wildlife Refuge, H, DRU — Hustburg, Duck River Unit, Tennessee National Wildlife Refuge, SFSP — Shelby Forest State Park, M — Memphis. [VoL. 46, 1975] 88 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER i Observers: BBC — Ben B. Coffey, Jr., EC — Lula Coffey, JL — Jerald Ledbet- ter, MLB — Mike L. Bierly, EH — Ernest Holzhausen, BJ— -Bill Jones, DJ— - Daniel Jacobson, EC — Mrs. Ed Carpenter, AS — Alice Smith. Martha Waldron, 1626 Yorkshire Drive, Memphis 3 8117. | f CENTRAL PLATEAU AND BASIN KEGION—Loon-Tern: Common j Loon: 18 May (1) Coleman Lake (Lee Kramer); 8 June (1) OHL (BJ) ; 13 i| July 31 July (1-2) Percy Priest (MLB, GJ, MLM). Little Blue Heron: Mid- jl July (20-23) CCNWR (Samuel Barton); 5 reports NA. Cattle Egret: 22 May | (12) NA (Dot and George Woodring); 7-10 June (2) G (DC, PC, BE, SF). Great Egret: 19 July (6) CL (Miriam Weinstein). BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERON: 22 June (16 nests, 30 young) OHL (BE, SF); 31 May (40-50 nests) BH (MLB); 13 July (10 ad., 50 imm.) BH (MLB, GJ) ; 12 ; July (40, mostly imm.) BV (GJ); 8 July (65) G (DC, PC). Yellow-crowned ! Night Heron: 7 June (2) Lawrence Co. (Lloyd Clayton, MDW) ; 22 July || (1 imm.) BV (KAG, MLB). Least Bittern: 1 June (1) GP (DRJ, GB). [ American Bittern: 1 June (1) GP (DRJ, GB). WOOD STORK: 25 May (1) ( S (Michael Dinsmore). Blue-winged Teal: 7 June (2) G (DC, BF, SF); 8 July i (1) G (DC, PC). Ring-necked Duck: 7 June (1) G (DC, BF, SF); 10-15 ji June (2-1 M, IF) G (DC, PC). Black Vulture: 5-22 July (10-92 feeding on I dead fish at farm pond) G (PC). BALD EAGLE: 17-18 May (1 imm.) CL , (MLB, RJM); 8 June (1) S (BJ). Osprey: 31 May (1) OHL (BF, SF). [ American Coot: 13 July (1) Wilson Co. (MLB, GJ). Semipalmated Plover: |l 11 June (1) GSP (DC, PC). UPLAND SANDPIPER: 10. July (1) NA, | Airport (MLM,); later 2 present thru period. Greater Yellowlegs: 23 July (1) j GSP (DC, PC, BF, SF). Lesser Yellowlegs: 6 July (1) GSP (DC, PC). White- 1; rumped Sandpiper: 31 May (25) CCNWR (James and Richard Holt); 10, | 11, 12 June (10, 32, 11); 3-6 July (4-7), all GSP (DC, PC). Baird’s Sand- ■ piper: 1, 4 June (3) GSP (DC, PC). Least Sandpiper: 25 May (118), 12 |; June (1), all GSP (DC, PC). Stilt Sandpiper: 6, 23 July (1) GSP; 15, 23 ! July (1) G (DC, PC, BF, SF). Semipalmated Sandpiper: 8 July (15) GSP, i and (4) G (DC, PC). Western Sandpiper: 22-31 July (1-12) G, GSP (DC, PC). WILSON’S PHALAROPE: 11 July (1) GSP, 22 July (1) G (DC, PC). j Herring Gull: 26-31 May (1) OHL (BF, SF). Forester’s Tern: 3 July (2) | OHL (BF). i Cuckoo-Sparrow: Black-billed Cuckoo: 30 May (1) NA (KAG). Whip- j poor-will: 12 May, nest found, 17 May, 2 young, BS (KAG). Red-headed ; Woodpecker: 7 June (nest, 4 newly-hatched young) FP (MDW). WILLOW ; ELYCATCHER: 18 May - 7 June (1) CL (MPS) ; 20 May (2) BV (KAG); 31 May (1) Shelby Bottoms, NA (MLB); 22 June (3) BV (MLB); 22 June (1) ACM (MLB). Olive-sided Flycatcher: 22 May (1) Radnor Lake (MLB). , Tree Swallow: 1 June (1) ACM (MLB, David Vogt). Bank Swallow: 12 July j (2) ACM (RJM). Bewick’s Wren: 1 June (5) UHBBS (MDW); 7 June (nest, 5 newly-hatched young, 2 eggs) FP (MDW). Long-billed Marsh Wren: j 26 May (5) CL (MLB). Short-billed Marsh Wren: 17 May (2) CL (MLB, RJM); 26 May (1) CL (MLB). SWAINSON’S THRUSH: 1 June (1) NA j (Ann Nichols) . SWAIN SON’S WARBLER: bird reported last period still pres- . ent 12 July (MPS). BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLER: 3 June (1, seen ; [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 89 and heard) Fall Creek Falls State Park (MCW). CHESTNUT-SIDED WAR- BLER: 11 June (1) NA (John Ellis). Hooded Warbler: 27 July (nest, 3 downy young) BS (KAG). Dickcissel: 8 June (4) GBBS (DRJ). Savannah Sparrow: 26 May (2) CL (MLB). Grasshopper Sparrow: 1 June (1) G (3) UHBBS (MOW); 8 June (8) GBBS (DRJ). SHARP-TAILED SPARROW: 17 May (2) CL (MLB,RJM). LARK SPARROW: 1 June (3 birds, 1 building nest, 8 June, nest plowed up) Viola (DRJ); 7 June (1) FP (MDW). White- throated Sparrow: 1 June (1) Smith Co. (BJ). Lincoln’s Sparrow: 18 May (2) CL (MLB). Swamp Sparrow: 18 May (2) CL (MLB). Song Sparrow: June-July (1-2) McMinnville, Woodbury (MCW). Locations: ACM — Ashland City Marsh; BH — Bordeaux Heronry; BS — Basin Springs; BV — Buena Vista; CCNWR — Cross Creeks NWR; CL — ^Cheat- ham Lake; FP — Five Points; G — Gallatin; GBBS — Glen Breed Bird Survey; GP — Goose Pond; GSP — Gallatin Steam Plant; NA — Nashville Area; OHL — Old Hickory Lake; S — Stewart Co.; UHBBS — Union Hill Breeding Survey, Macon County. Observers: GB — Gary Bayne; MLB — Michael Bierly; DC — Dot Crawford; PC — Paul Crawford; BF — Bill Fintel; SF — Sally Fintel; KAG — Katherine Goodpasture; GJ — Greg Jackson; DRJ — Daniel Jacobson; BJ — Bill Jones; MLM — Margaret Mann; RJM — Rocky Milburn; MPS — ^Pat Stallings; MCW — Mary Wood; MDW — Morris Williams. Morris D. Williams, Dept, of Zoology, Univ. of Tenn., Knoxville 37916. EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY REGION— Interesting June records include Rose-breasted Grosbeaks and a pair of Red-breasted Mergansers. A Common Snipe was seen at Amnicola Marsh in early July. Knoxville reported Bald Eagles, a Common Gallinule, and Bachman’s Sparrows. Probably the most unusual bird of the season was a Northern Phalarope at Austin Springs. Since 1960 special efforts have been made to observe the nesting attempts of the Osprey in the Chattanooga area. This is the first year since then that no evidence of a nesting attempt has been found. More time will be spent searching for nests next year. Loon-Hawk: Common Loon: 17 May (3) SB (LD). PIED-BILLED GREBE: 30 June (1 adult and 1 young) AM (KLD); 12 July (2 adults and 3 young) Chickamauga, Ga. (KD). Little Blue Heron: 13 July (3, imm.) CL (Gary and Cynthia Muffly) ; 23 July (5, imm.) Poe Branch, Daisy (KD). Cattle Egret: 15-18 May (1) JCo (Carol Hall, Anne Koella, Stuart Nelson); 19 May (1) SB (KLD). Great Egret: 16 May (2) AS (SG, RL) ; 2 5 July (6) HRA (KLD). Black-crowned Night Heron: 31 July (1) NoL (JCH). Yellow-crowned Night Heron: throughout period (1, imm.) AS (GE). Least Bittern: 31 July (2) AM (DRJ). Blue-winged Teal: last 8 June (1) AS (GE, HF). American Wigeon: last 21 May (1) AS (GW, DL). Hooded Merganser: 19 May (1) Chickamauga Dam (DRJ). Red-breasted Merganser: 18, 24 June (pair, male believed unable to fly) Clinch River, Mile 66.7 (GM). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 7 July (1) JC (Jake Slonaker) ; 2 5 July (1) SB (KLD). BALD EAGLE: 23 May (1), 9 June (1) NoL (JCH). Osprey: last 30 May (1) AS (DL). American Kestrel: 19 June - end of period (1-2) CH (DRJ). [VoL. 46, 1975] 90 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER Rail-Phalarope: King Rail: 7 June (1) AM (DRJ). COMMON GAL- LINULE: 9 June (1) NoL (JCH). American Coot: 26 June (3) NL (DRJ). Semipalmated Plover: 19 May (3) JCo (TK). American Woodcock: 7 June, 12 July (1) AM (DRJ). COMMON SNIPE: 10 July (1) AM (GLB, DRJ). Spotted Sandpiper: 26 May (3) CL (JMC, JCH); 16 July (1) AM (GLB). Solitary Sandpiper: 7 July - end of period (1-7) SB, AM (KLD, DRJ). Greater Yellowlegs: 21 July (1) AM (KLD). Lesser Yellowlegs: 21 May (2) AS (DL); 10 July - end of period (1-5) AM (KLD, DRJ). BAIRD’S SAND- PIPER: 19 May (1) JCo (TK). Least Sandpiper: 10 July - end of period (1-18) AM, HRA (KLD, DRJ). Dunlin: 19 May (1) JCo (TK). Semi- palmated Sandpiper: last 8 June (44) AS (GE, HE, RL, DL) ; 25 July (1) AM (KLD). Western Sandpiper: 19 May (6) JCo (TK) ; 29 July (1) AM (DRJ). NORTHERN PHALAROPE: 16, 17 May (1) AS (MD, SG, DL). Tern-Thrush: Common Tern: 17 May (2) SB (LD). Black Tern: 17 May (4) SB (LD). Barn Owl: 24, 28 June, 4 July (1) KCo (GM) ; 27 June (1) NoL (JCH); 7 June, 10 July (1) AM (DRJ); (nest with 3 young) JC (Barney Keefer, et al) ; 1 July (3 young, banded) SeV (BB, Lee Shafer Family, DRJ). Barred Owl: 27 June (3) NoL (JCH). WILEOW FLYCATCHER: one active nest, AS (Gary Foshie) ; three active nests, Kingsport (Gary Foshie) ; 23 May, 12 July (1) AM (KLD). Tree Swallow: 4 August (20) Norris (Frances Olson). House Wren: 12 pairs in K area (CPN, BS, et al). Short- billed Marsh Wren: 31 July (1) SB (KLD). Swainson’s Thrush: last 24 May (1) K (JBO). Veery: 24 May (1) K (KMS). Warhlers-Sparrows: Swainson’s Warbler: 26 May (1) CC (JMC, JCH). Blue-winged Warbler: 1, 8 June (1) Scott Co. (JMC); 11 July (1) LM (GLB). Tennessee Warbler: last 2 5 May (1) K (EF). Blackburnian Warbler: 19 May (1) LM (GLB). Bay-breasted Warbler: 19 May (1) LM (GLB). Blackpoll Warbler: 25 May (1) K (EF). CONNECTICUT WARBLER: 18 May (1, banded) SeV (BB) ; 19 May (1) Rock Springs, Ga. (Roger Woodruff, GLB, DRJ). Bobolink: 18 May (31) JCo (TK). Northern Oriole: 1 June (1) Scott Co. (JMC); 9 July (2) RCo (JMC). ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK: 28 June (1) LM (GLB); 3 0 June (1) K (BS). Dickcissel: 18 May, 3 June (1) JCo (TK). Grasshopper Sparrow: through season (1) JCo (TK) ; 6 June (2) Telford (MD, SG). BACHMAN’S SPARROW: 18-20 June (1-2) RCo (CPN); 6 July (1) Blount Co. (TK). Locations: AM, — Amnicola Marsh; AS — Austin Springs; CC — Campbell County; CH — Chattanooga; CL — Cove Lake; HRA — Hiwassee River Area; JC — Johnson City; JCo — Jefferson County; K — Knoxville; KCo — Knox County; LM — ^Lookout Mtn., GA; NL — Nickajack Lake; NoL — Norris Lake; RCo — Roane County; SB — Savannah Bay; SeV — Sequatchie Valley. Observers: BB — Benton Basham; GLB — Gary L. Bayne; JMC — James M. Campbell; MD — Martha Dillenbeck; KLD — Ken and Lil Dubke; KD — Ken Dubke; LD — Lil Dubke; GE — Glen Eller; EF — Elizabeth French; HF — Harry Farthing; SG — Sally Goodin; JCH — J. C. Howell; DRJ — Daniel R. Jacobson; TK — Tony Koella; RL — Richard Lewis; DL — ^Dick Lura; GM — Gary Muffly; [VoL. 46, 1975] 1975 THE MIGRANT 91 CPN — Charles P. Nicholson; JBO — J. B. Owen; KMS — Ken and Mabel Sanders; BS — Boyd Sharp; GW — Gary Wallace. Daniel R. Jacobson, P. O. Box 6, Wildwood, GA 3 0757. EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION — The weather for the area was very hot and dry, which was an an extreme contrast from the previous period’s very wet conditions. May’s total rainfall was 5.5 0 inches with only 1.45 falling during the last half of the month. June’s rainfall was almost 1 inch below the average, while July’s rainfall total was the lowest in the past 1 5 years. We had 10 days with temperature over 90° which is very unusual for this area. One very important observation coming from Roan Mountain this period! Three singing male MAGNOLIA WARBLERS (not known to nest in Tenn.) were found apparently on territory during early July. Although no nest could be located this find should prompt more thorough investigation next season. Are we really giving these out-of-the-way places within our area all the atten- tion that is needed? Loon-Swallows: Common Loon: last seen 20 May (1) Bri (Wallace Coffey and Diane Wilson) . Bufflehead: last seen 24 May (2) WibL (RE). Black Vul- ture: 10 June (2) GSMNP (GJ, MB) . Sharp-shinned Hawk: 30 May (1) and 4 July (1) IMG ( SG ) . Cooper’s Hawk: 23 May (1) IMG (SG) ; 4 June (1) RM (TMS) . Broad-winged Hawk: 1 active nest on RM produced 2 young (TMS et al) . Osprey: last seen 28 May (1) WatR (GE) . Lesser Yellowlegs: very late date 8 June (1) St. Johns Pond (GE) . Black-billed Cuckoo: period’s only sighting 22 June (1) IMG ( SG ) . Barred Owl: 1 June (1) and 1 5 July (1) IMG (SG); 8 June (1) GSMNP (GJ, MB); 11 July (2) RM (LRH, ES, GE) . WILLOW FLYCATCHER: 2 active nests in Johnson County found on 28 June and 5 July (Gary Foshie) . OLIV E-SIDED FLY CATCHER: 22 May (1) IMG (SG, MD); 8 June (1) GSMNP (GJ, MB). Tree Swallow: 7 July (1) RM (LRH, ES). Chickadee-Sparrow : Black-capped Chickadee: 8 thru 1 1 June (2-7) GSMNP (GJ, MB) . Brown Creeper: 9 June (2 ) GSMNP (GJ, MB) . Prothon- otary Warbler: first seen 21 May, last seen 3 July ( 1 pair) WatR (LRH, GE, j GW, DL) no nest located. Swainson’s Warbler: 19 May (1) Rock Creek (GW). BREWSTER’S WARBLER: 30 May (1) IMG (SG, MD). MAG- I NO LI A WARBLER: 3 0 June thru 14 July (at least 3 singing males) RM ! (LRH, ES, FWB, GE, RL, AS). Cerulean Warbler: 21 May (1) WatR (LRH, I GW, DL) ; 9, 10 June (1 ) GSMNP (GJ, MB) . Pine Warbler: 10 June (1 j late) GSMNP (GJ, MB) . Wilson’s Warbler: 24 May (1) Bri (Anna Cantwell) . Blue Grosbeak: 27 May (2) Eliz (John Martin) ; 14 June (1 ) WatR (GE) . Pine Siskin: 3 0 May (3 ) ES; 13, 14 June (3-5 ) ES, TMS; 2 July (1) FWB, all on RM. Red Crossbill: 25 May (15) GSMNP (Larry Gates) ; 23 June (6-9) GSMNP (Katherine Goodpasture) ; 1 1 July (16) RM (LRH, GE) ; 14 July (12) RM (RL, AS) . Grasshopper Sparrow: 17 May (2) near Eliz (LRH, GW, DL) . Vesper Sparrow: 3 1 May (1) RM (ES) ; 2 1 June (2 ) Lake Phillip Nelson (FWB). [VoL. 46, 1975] 92 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER Locations: Bri — Bristol, Eliz — Elizabethton, GSMNP — Great Smoky Mtn. National Park, IMG — Iron Mtn. Gap, RM — Roan Mtn., WatR — Watauga River, WibL — Wilber Lake. Observers: FWB — Fred Behrend, MB — Mike Bierly, MD — Martha Dillen- beck, GE — Glen Eller, SG — Sally Goodin, LRH — Lee Herndon, GJ — Greg Jackson, DL — Dick Lura, RE — Richard Lewis, AS — Alan Smith, ES — Ed Schell, TMS — Tommy and Maxie Swindell, GW — Gary Wallace. Glen D. Eller, Route 3, Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton 37643. BOOK REVIEWS The third edition of BIRDS OF THE NASHVILLE AREA compiled by Henry E. Parmer was published in spring, 1975 and should be an invaluable reference for anyone interested in the birds of the Middle Tennessee area. Incorporating meticulously kept records by Tennessee Ornithological So- ciety members over a period of many years of reliable observation, the present volume has been updated to include further findings since the publication of the first two editions. Since there is no book exclusively devoted to the birds of our state of Ten- nessee currently available, the information on the status of birds, their earliest | arrival and latest departure dates, where seen and by whom, even in one area ? of the state, should be helpful to many birders. The booklet is available at I $1.50 (plus 16^ postage) to TOS members, $2 to non-members. Box 1301, Nashville, Tennessee 37203. | Carol M. Knauth j OCEAN WANDERERS/ THE MIGRATORY SEA BIRDS OF THE || WORLD. 1974. By R. M. Lockley. David & Charles, Newton Abbot, Devon, | Great Britain; Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, Pa. 168 pp. $15.00. — This is a | well written book that all bird enthusiasts can enjoy. The author discusses how sea birds have adapted to their demanding environment, gives a brief outline of their natural history and provides maps of their distribution. In addition to the specific coverage of the birds themselves, other topics deal with the evolution and adaptations of sea birds, their behavior, feeding grounds, navigational skills, jl and the effects of mankind. The book which is full of up-to-date information j! is well illustrated with eight pages of color photographs, 28 black and white photographs, 22 maps and numerous drawings by Robert Gillmor. Gary O. Wallace [VoL. 46, 1975] PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION The purpose of THE MIGRANT is the recording of observations and original information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state of Tennessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders. Articles for publication originate almost exclusively from T.O.S. members. Contributors should prepare manuscripts and submit them in a form ac~ ceptable to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes are solicited but their format should be somewhat different. Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for publication are given herewith. MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and not submitted for publication elsewhere. TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive. STYLE: Recent issues of THE MIGRANT should be used as a guide in the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is needed reference should be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals available from the Ameri- can Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue N. W., Wash- ington, D. C. 20016. COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8^ x 11" paper with adequate margins, for editorial notations, and should contain only entries intended for setting in type, except the serial page number. Tabular data should be entered on separate sheets with appropriate title and column headings. Photographs intended for reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on glossy white paper in black and white (not in color). Instructions to the editors should be given on a separate sheet. Weights and measurements should be in metric units. Dating should be in "continental** form (e.g., 7 March 1968). NOMENCLATURE: Common names should be capitalized followed by binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text for both regular articles and Round Table Notes, and should conform to the A.O.U. Check-list 5th edition, 1957 and its Thirty-second Supplement. Trinomial should be used only after the specimen has been measured or com- pared with typical specimens. BIBLIOGRAPHY: When there are more than five references in an article, they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be appropriately included in the text. SUMMARY: Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum- marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from the work performed. IDENTIFICATION: Rare or unusual species identification to be accept- able must be accompanied by verifying evidence. This should include: date, time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment, distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying observation and reference works consulted. REPRINTS: Reprints are available on request. Reprint requests should accompany article at the time of submission. Billing to authors will be through the state T.O.S. Treasurer. Books for review and articles for publication should be submitted to the editor. Seasonal reports and items should be forwarded to the appropriate departmental editor whose name and address will be found on the inside front cover. CONTENTS Incident of Nest-Site Related Aggressive Behavior in the Flicker, Colaptes auratus. Philip M, Mathis 73 Red-necked Grebe Sighted on Chickamauga Lake. Kenneth H. and Lillian H. Dubke 75 Bird Finding in Tennessee. Kenneth H. and UUian Dubke 77 Round Table Notes Wood Stork Seen in Stewart County. Michael O. Dinsmore 79 Surf Scoters at Savannah Bay, Chattanooga. Lillian H. Dubke 79 Purple Sandpiper Sighting in Sumner County, Tennessee. Paul and Dot Crawford 80 Black-legged Kittiwakes and Laughing Gulls at Chickamauga Dam, Chattanooga, Kenneth H, and Lillian H. Dubke 81 Long-eared Owl in Greene County, Tennessee. Royal Beecher Spees 81 Winter Tree Swallows at Savannah Bay. Kenneth H, Dubke 83 Black-headed Grosbeak in Sumner County, Tennessee. Paul and Dot Crawford 84 The Season. Edited by Fred J. Alsop, 111 86 Western Coastal Plain Region. Martha Waldron 87 Central Plateau and Basin Region. Morris D. Williains 88 Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. Daniel R. Jacobson 89 Eastern Mountain Region. Glen D. Eller 91 Book Reviews Birds of the Nashville Area. Carol M. Knauth 92 Ocean Wanderers/The Migratory Sea Birds of the World. Gary O. Wallace , 92 Illustration by Fred /. Alsop, 111 :A QU/1R.TER.LY JQURN/qL DEVOTEDvTO TENNESSEE BIRC ^m. '^^‘^tllsficd ^ fTHETENNESSEE .ORNITHOLOGICAL^^ K WM^mi wm ^1® 'V0§&^m ^mmm^ MARCH, 1976 VOL. 47, NO. 1 THE MIGRANT A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1930 Published By THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1915 A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization. EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR GARY O. WALLACE Rt. 7, Box 338, Sunrise Dr., Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643 "THE SEASON” EDITOR FRED J. ALSOP, III Rt. 6, 302 Evergreen St., Church Hill, Tenn. 37642 "STATE COUNT COMPILER” MORRIS D. WILLIAMS Dept, of Zoology, Univ. of Tenn., Knoxville 37916 OFFICERS FOR 1975-77 PRESIDENT RAY JORDAN Department of Biology, Tennessee Technical University, Cookeville, Tenn. 38501 VICE-PRESIDENT, EAST TENN BILL WILLIAMS 1313 Young Ave., Maryville, Tenn. 37801 VICE-PRESIDENT, MIDDLE TENN PAUL CRAWFORD Route 4, Gallatin, Tenn. 37066 VICE-PRESIDENT, WEST TENN JULIAN DARLINGTON 3112 Glentinnan Road, Memphis, Tenn. 38128 DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE; EAST TENN JON DeVORE 4922 Sarasota Dr., Hixson, Tenn. 37343 MIDDLE TENN DAVID HASSLER Box 1, Byrdstown, Tenn. 38549 WEST TENN MRS. C. K. J. SUMARA 1011 Church St., Tiptonville, Tenn. 38079 CURATOR JAMES T. TANNER Rt. 28, Box 155, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920 SECRETARY MISS LOUISE JACKSON 5037 Montclair Dr., Nashville, Tenn. 37211 TREASURER KENNETH H. DUBKE Rt. 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah, Tenn. 37363 Annual dues, $4.00; Sustaining, $7.50; Life, $100.00; Student, $3.00; Family, $5.00; (chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses). Dues, contributions, and be- quests are deductible from Federal income and estate taxes. Back numbers may be had from Dr. James T. Tanner, Rt. 28, Box 15 5, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920. Correspond with the Treasurer for subscriptions, memberships, and changes of address. Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by Mallicote Printing Inc., 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620, U.S.A. Postage paid and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643, U.S.A. THE MIGRANT Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society, to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee. Issued in March, June, September, and December. VOL. 47 MARCH, 1976 NO. 1 THE 1975 FORAY: LAUDERDALE COUNTY Ben B. Coffey, Jr. This was our first foray in a county where the status of the avifauna was fairly well known, especially for summer and winter. Located midway between Shelby County and Reelfoot Lake, possibly only four other West Tennessee counties have been worked more than Lauderdale. The data is weakest on tran- sients and limiting dates on all migrants. Surprisingly, the two day’s work, 24-2 5 May 1975, helped on this, producing a large list of late transients. Theo- retically a summer project, the days usually set for the foray do not guarantee that borderline species are summer residents. Manpower and time do not allow much searching for nests; so, the writer prefers June dates, to establish summer status. John James Audubon on his flat boat trip of 1820, landed on Island 3 3, opposite the First Chickasaw Bluff, 27 November (William H. Deadrick, The Migrant XI, (3): 59-61). This bluff is just above Fulton and is now included in Fort Pillow State Park. Twenty-eight November 1820 was a rainy day, prob- ably accounting for no bird notes. But he did mention thousands of Bank Swal- low holes in the Second Chickasaw Bluff, which is in Tipton County. Some 121 years later, led by Albert F. Ganier, a group of Memphis birders visited these two bluffs, but found no Bank Swallows {The Migrant XII, (2) :32-34) . Other than enroute to Reelfoot Lake, probably the first visit by Memphis birders was to Open Lake, 26 November 193 3. Albert F. Ganier and Albert Clebsch visited Open Lake, 18-19 June 1942 {The Migrant XIII, (2-3 ) :34-3 5 ) . A midwinter bird count published as "Dyersburg” {The Migrant XV, (4) :69-75) was actually at Halls in Lauderdale County where the then Dyersburg AAF base was located. Capt. Burt L. Monroe, Sr. was stationed there (WWII), authoring five Round Table notes in 1944 and 1945 and submitting other infor- mation to Mr. Ganier and to the writer. There have been no resident observers. The county area is 305,408 acres or 477 square miles. The county population is 20,271 (1970); that of Ripley, the county seat and largest town, about 5,000. A 1974 study shows 60.2% of areas in agriculture, 37.8% in forest. The newly established Ft. Pillow State Park on the First Chickasaw Bluff embraces about 1700 acres; three miles east of it is the State Prison Farm of about 2 5,000 acres. The west half of Lauderdale County is in the Mississippi- Alluvial Plain, the east half in the Mississippi Embayment. Division is roughly along a bluff extending southwesterly from Dyer County and the Forked Deer [VoL. 47, 1976] 2 THE MIGRANT MARCH River. Within a mile of the Hatchie River which forms the county’s southern boundary, the bluff curves westward to the state park — above the Mississippi River which forms the western boundary. Elevation rises from 220 feet to 520 feet above sea level. Open Lake (about 8,000 acres) is private and normally inaccessible; there are several "old river” lakes or "pockets.” The Obion or Forked Deer River on the north, also has outlets thru old channels. Open Lake, bayous, and Cold Creek, into the Mississippi at the south and near the State Park bluff. Two large commercial lumber stands or forests in the bottomlands are also wild game areas managed by the state. The holdings include some cottonwood plantations. On the rolling embayment area there are a few, very small, pine plantings. Hardwoods in this area are along some of the small streams and adjacent slopes and ravines, and on most of the bluff face; the Kudzu vine has taken over the latter at Tenn. Hwy. 19. An appreciable factor for birds and birding, is the stage or level of the Mississippi River. No levees protect the bottomlands from the bordering rivers and interconnected channels. Very high water, the last two years, flooded the bottomlands. On 15 April of this year, Tenn. Hwy. 88 was just out of the water and we drove to the end; water was about 6 inches below the road and stretched for miles; the Memphis gauge read 36 feet. Another rise covered the highway again, later, and the west end was still under water, 1 May. Tenn. Hwy. 19 was partly covered. Tenn. Hwy. 87, going to the Bluff, is not subject, normally. On 6, 10, and 18 May, various sections of the roads could be trav- elled. On this Foray, one direct route was still blocked. The flooding of the bottomland woods probably affected the nesting of some species. For example, no Swainson’s Warblers were found in such areas, where it was not uncommon as a summer resident in previous years. (This remained so, 12 June). The four listed plus four other sites of 23 April - 10 May, were in the bluff area. On the other hand, the flooding provided feeding areas for a large number of herons, most of which nest near Burdette, Arkansas, about 10 miles north of the most favored temporary slough, located southwest of Golddust and shown on a 1931 map as "Fletcher Lake.” Foray participants found large numbers of transient shorebirds there also. On 12 June, we found the slough dry and cultivated. Scattered small numbers of herons still crossed the river, more Cattle Egrets than Little Blue Herons, and more flights towards Open Lake. Lauderdale County was probably selected because some of the Society’s most active workers wanted to be turned loose in the Mississippi bottomlands. And at every chance, they were there, especially at the temporary slough or old bed of "Fletcher Lake.” Gary and Brenda Wallace, Glen Eller, and Dick Lura even hitched a wild boat ride towards an island, to get a count on the White Pelicans. Yet, all assigned routes were covered — in the early morning — and lists kept and annotated so that I could eliminate practically all duplications and compile a list which gives a relative status for most of the summer birds and a more accurate count of the transients. Such a list cannot be compared with previous foray lists. There were no banding or nest busting projects or strip counts. Route logs and maps were prepared ahead of time for three counts patterned after the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Breeding Bird Counts and for 13 other routes [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 3 for selective birding. The former were along the three major east-west high- ways; two starting in the bluff area, then westward, dropping down into the soy bean fields, slough, and Mississippi River bank area. The southernmost — from east of US5 1, thru the prison farm, and to the State Park. The other routes or circuits, 15 to 20 miles in length, were spaced in order to get a good sampling thruout the county. In addition, two units covered the state park on foot; and Lula and I boated Open Lake, and went by car from Tenn. Hwy. 19 to Barr and a circuit there. The Barr area had not been assigned since acces- sibility had been doubtful. Parts of Ripley were also covered. With only 26 participants, some routes were left for the second morning. The Wallaces, Leggetts, Coffeys, Ledbetter, and Graves volunteered for those "second” routes. Left undone were half of two routes and part of Ripley. The three designated Breeding Bird Counts, "A, B, and C,” each con- sisted of 5 0, 3 -minute stops, l/2 mile apart, thus being a 24.5 mile route. Species totals were, respectively 61, 57, and 59 and individuals, 837, 600, and 937. For the 73| miles, 150 stops, the total was 78 species, 2,374 individuals. The seven leading species (in order: Common Crackle, Red-winged Blackbird, Indigo Bunting, House Sparrow, Cardinal, Mourning Dove, and Barn Swallow ) constituted 5 3% of the total; the Crackle, 1 8.6%. Warblers comprised 6.8%; two species ( Yellowthroat and Chat) totaled 4.2%. No vultures were seen; the only hawk was one Mississippi Kite. The data and log sheets and maps for these routes are being filed with the Curator, so that anyone can repeat these runs in a subsequent year, for comparison. Some analysis was separately given above because those three counts were more rigid, statistically speaking. The remaining field work was more selective or random, although the objective was still to record all birds possible. The total results will now be considered: 123 species, about 12,165 individuals. The count on the ten most common species amounted to 5 0.8% of the total listed. If we eliminate transients and winter stragglers, this would be 5 3.5%. On this latter basis, these ten species and their percent were: Common Crackle ( 1 1.6) , Indigo Bunting ( 8.1 ) , Red-winged Blackbird (7.4) , House Sparrow ( 5.1 ) , Eastern Meadowlark (4.9) , Cardinal (4.3 ) , Barn Swallow (3.6) , Brown-headed Cowbird (2.9) , Mourning Dove (2.8 ) , and Carolina Wren (2.8 ) . The next species on the complete list was a transient, the Semipalmated Sandpiper. Then, in the following order: Mockingbird, Little Blue Heron, Starling, Common Yellowthroat, Tufted Titmouse, Yellow-breasted Chat, Chimney Swift, Bob- white, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, and White-eyed Vireo (each representing 2.5 to 1.5%). Summer birds (99 species) represented 95.0% of the individuals listed, winter stragglers — 0.7%, transient shorebirds — 3.9%, pelicans and terns — 0.3 %, and other transients — 0.1 % r Listed in A.O.U. Check-List order, are, first, the summer birds. Seasonal status is based on previous field work here and nearby, and is arbitrary in a few cases. One "follow-up” day, 12 June, was in- sufficient to check all localities (not always known) of birds possibly extending their range. That morning was spent on foot in the state park and the afternoon along the river bank, for swallows. Most of the herons (3.2% of summering total) are evidently nesting in Arkansas, but are included since they spend much time feeding in our area. This depends on conditions and this season a favorite [VoL. 47, 1976] 4 THE MIGRANT MARCH i I slough was dry in the first week of June, affecting the number and species to be seen. A previous effort to find a heronry in this area is mentioned in The Migrant (23:45). The list of summer birds includes: Great Blue Heron 1; Green Heron 9; Little Blue Heron 280; Cattle Egret 5 8; Great Egret 10; Snowy Egret 2; Black-crowned Night Heron 2; Yellow-crowned Night Heron 9; Glossy Ibis 3; Mallard 11; Wood Duck 33; Hooded Merganser 6; Turkey Vulture 3; Mississippi Kite 15; Red- tailed Hawk 7; Red-shouldered Hawk 1; Broad- winged Hawk 4; American Kestrel 5; Bobwhite 200; American Coot 3; |i Killdeer 88; Least Tern 11; Rock Dove 38; Mourning Dove 322; Yellow-billed 1 Cuckoo 157; Great Horned Owl 1; Barred Owl 10; Chuck-will’s-widow 9; | Common Nighthawk 1; Chimney Swift 236; Ruby- throated Hummingbird 54; ! Belted Kingfisher 6; Common Flicker 18; Pileated Woodpecker 20; Red-bellied ; Woodpecker 13 8; Red-headed Woodpecker 24; Hairy Woodpecker 5; Downy | Woodpecker 31; Eastern Kingbird 3 5; Great Crested Flycatcher 78; Eastern [ Phoebe 11; Acadian Flycatcher 98; Eastern Wood Pewee 70; Horned Lark 105; l Bank Swallow 31; Rough-winged Swallow 8; Barn Swallow 416; Purple Martin j 12; Blue Jay 135; Common Crow 95; Fish Crow 6; Carolina Chickadee 78; i| Tufted Titmouse 245; White-breasted Nuthatch 1; Bewick’s Wren 4; Carolina | Wren 322; Mockingbird 28 5; Gray Catbird 13; Brown Thrasher 53; American | Robin 98; Wood Thrush 78; Eastern Bluebird 34; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher 195; Ji Loggerhead Shrike 24; Starling 265; White-eyed Vireo 171; Yellow-throated f Vireo 8; Red-eyed Vireo 97; Warbling Vireo 14; Prothonotary Warbler 121; Swainson’s Warbler 4; Worm-eating Warbler 3; Northern Parula Warbler 82; j Yellow Warbler 7; Cerulean Warbler 16; Yellow-throated Warbler 25; Louisi- ana Waterthrush 4; Kentucky Warbler 40; Common Yellowthroat 260; Yellow- ! breasted Chat 237; Hooded Warbler 12; American Redstart 93; House Sparrow i 594; Eastern Meadowlark 560; Red- winged Blackbird 8 5 5 ; Orchard Oriole 98; j Northern Oriole 40; Common Crackle 1,3 36; Brown-headed Cowbird 340; j Summer Tanager 71; Cardinal 502; Blue Grosbeak 25; Indigo Bunting 934; j Painted Bunting 1; Dickcissel 155; American Goldfinch 7; Rufous-sided Tow- i hee 64; Chipping Sparrow 13; Field Sparrow 141. | Glossy Ibis — Evidently from the Burdette heronry. This species was first ; found near Luxora, Arkansas, where a specimen was collected about 1 June 1965 (1966, Earl L. Hanebrink and Richard Cochran, The Auk 83 (3) : 4-74) | and referred to Plegadis falcinellus. Most of that heronry later shifted to Burdette. On our foray the Dubkes and Leggetts listed three; later, two were | found there by Ledbetter and Graves. Owls — Six Barred Owls on daytime plus four others heard on the night of | 23 May when a Great Horned Owl was also heard. ; Chuck-will’s-widow — One, at start of Count "B.” A run was made, 21:28 to 22:5 5 hours, 23 May, along Tenn. 87 and into both entrances of the | state park. Calm, full moon — often obscured by clouds; 30 stops: unaccount- : ably only 8 heard calling. Two of these were also heard by our campers in the I park. My runs for Whip-poor-wills are scheduled, each June, the time I prefer, i; to establish summer status. On 16 June we tried 1^ hours in a north central area of the county; not even one Chuck was heard. On 17 June we started | closer to home and gave up before reaching this county. Favorable conditions, both evenings. It seems strange that none were heard calling. As a check, the [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 5 following night we tried 70 miles farther south (Benton and Marshall Coun- ties, Miss.) and found both Whips and Chucks common and calling well. On 21 June we tried Lauderdale County, again, 20:42 to 00:30 hours, Fultop- Glimp-Asbury-Hurricane Hill-Conner: 42 miles, 76 stops, 5 5 Chucks at 34 of the stops; favorable weather and moon. Much lower than Fayette-Henry Coun- ties eastward. If a night run had been made over all foray daytime routes (omitting the bottomland), under similar conditions, I would estimate about 2 50 Chuck-will’s-widows, placing the species about sixteenth in the list of the most common. In other Junes, also, we have tried for Whips, especially along a Dry Hill circuit, without luck. Our only county record is of a transient at Hurricane Hill Church, 10 April 1961. The number of Ruby-throated Hummingbirds listed (54) is surprisingly high. Bank Swallow — Colonies in the low bank of the Mississippi River have been checked since 1947. The Barr colony remains, smaller and split, with about 18 nest holes near original site and 32 holes, 5 00 yards downstream; 12 birds seen. The other 19 birds listed were seen near Ashport (CL, GJ); the colony was formerly near the old end of Tenn. 19. On 12 June in that area, we found ends of a few holes left by a bank cave-in of about 8 June, but upstream at two neighboring sites, 50 swallows and 60 holes. Incomplete holes not in- cluded. The Golddust colony was not located; part of bank has been rip-rapped with large rock. Bewick’s Wren — Three sites, all on East Side, center. Two spring, 1975 sites, produced none. Swainson’s Warbler — Low count, see previous com- ments. Worm-eating Warbler — the Foray species. Included as a summer resident, based only on the finding of one 24 May (GE, DL), at same site as 18 May (BC, LC). In the state park we found one 6 May and Bierly reported one there 24 May; we did not hear one 12 June. Shafer had the third Foray bird, south of the park. On 16 June I watched a singer in Shelby Forest S. P., our first June record, after a 4-hour search of bluff areas there. A good migra- tion in Overton Park, Memphis, thru 21 April 1975; with an almost daily check, a singing straggler appeared there, 23 May. However, as stated, I con- sider the species a summer resident, sparingly in the bluff area of Lauderdale. Yellow Warbler — on 4 routes, totaling 7; some probably late transients. Mike Bierly had two at the head of Ft. Pillow S. P. lake on 24 May; found at same spot 12 June (LC, BC), a surprise since they were 100 miles west of known breeding range. Formerly 110 miles northwest but now on Arkansas endangered species list. Painted Bunting — one heard singing at Barr (BC, LC) was in immature or female plumage. First of the species for Lauderdale. A special 7-hour search, 24 May, along US51 highway and every accessible point of the LC. Gulf R.R. right-of-way; none found. It is hoped that this can be done eacb summer. Members of the Foray were able to see a beautiful male along this R.R., north end of Covington, staked out by Alice Smith, being the first Tipton County record. The second part of our list includes 21 transient species and three con- sidered stragglers, all representing 5.0% of the total individuals recorded. The pelicans and terns constituted 0.3%, shorebirds 3.9%, other transients 0.1%, [VoL. 47, 1976] 6 THE MIGRANT MARCH and the stragglers 0.7%. Considered stragglers were: Blue-winged Teal 12; ‘ Cedar Waxwing 75 (3 flocks); and 1 Song Sparrow (seen by Ken Leggett). The transients were: White Pelican 22; Semipalmated Plover 2; Black-bellied Plover 8; Spotted Sandpiper 2; White-rumped Sandpiper 2; Baird’s Sandpiper 2; Least Sandpiper 13 8; Dunlin 2; Semipalmated Sandpiper 310; Western Sand- i piper (BC, LC) 4; Forster’s Tern (KD) 1; Common Tern 11; Black-billed j Cuckoo 2; Olive-sided Flycatcher (MLB et) 1; Swainson’s Thrush 1; Black- i and-white Warbler (3 parties) 3; Chestnut-sided Warbler 1; Blackpoll War- j bier 1; Prairie Warbler (GE, RL) ; Ovenbird 1; and Scarlet Tanager 5. !i The White Pelicans were the first seen in this area for many years. They | were resting on a Tennessee island and opposite a Tennessee towhead on the I west side of the Mississippi River. Almost certainly an Arkansas record, also, f on approach and departure. Apparently, only the enterprising Wallaces, Glen |l Eller, and Dick Lura saw them. The shorebirds were the usual late transients although concentrated more than usual. The Baird’s Sandpipers were at 100 ! feet by Glen Eller, Dick Lura, and the Wallaces using 7-power binoculars and a ' 30-power telescope; good light. The large flock (250) of Semipalmated Sand- { pipers were reported by the Dubkes and Leggetts, et al; a flock of 5 8 at Hyde | Creek pits (BC, LC). i Black-and-white Warbler — Two June records in recent years in Shelby j County but Overton Park transients this year on 20 and 23 May. There is a small chance the species may be a summer resident. Prairie Warbler — An j uncommon summer resident about 5 0 miles to the east. Ovenbird — The species was hard to find as a transient this spring in Lauderdale but common in migra- tion in Memphis — each Overton Park trip thru 27 May 1975. Bluff area suit- able but apparently nearest summer residents are up to 100 miles east. Scarlet Tanager — as for the Ovenbird. This late migration — 5 on 4 routes — puzzling J since, while common at Memphis as a spring transient, it was not found there i after 9 May. In Overton Park, none on ten trips, 12 to 23 May. Only 4 on a | Reelfoot field day, 1 1 May. Sex would be of Interest but not given except for j: one male. Nearest summer residents — about 100 miles east. Among the strag- | glers, small flocks of Cedar Waxwings are always present to the end of May. ; The Blue-winged Teal, primarily a transient but wintering in small numbers, is not known to summer here. The Song Sparrow is late; there have been a few j not so late dates at Reelfoot and one at the River in Lake County (BC, LC) remained at least thru 28 June and 5 July 1975 (MLB). ‘ A few comments on certain species missed. Black Vulture — 10 May (1), [ 18 May (2); none on other 1975 trips. Tree Swallow — ^We’ve always wanted ! to work Open Lake for this species. Thru the courtesy of Mr. Charles Richard- son and the loan of his motor boat, Lula and I made a 2j-hour circuit of the lake, but did not find this species. Ganier and Clebsch reported three here, | 19 June 1942. Grasshopper Sparrow — only one found pre-foray — a mile SE of j: Henning, 1 8 May. The wheat on the field was cut shortly before the foray. A special search at many likely pastures and fields, produced none. j The Memphis Chapter committee of Noreen Smith, Martha Waldron, and, ! at Covington, Alice Smith, did a fine job preparing marked maps and copies of I route logs, making arrangements and advising on lodging and meals, and for | [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 7 the Saturday night supper and other assemblies. Lula and Ben Coffey laid out the routes in the field, becoming familiar with the entire county. Jerald Led- better (Jackson) joined them on one trip. Other Memphis participants were Mary Davant, Jimmy Graves, Arlo I. Smith, Gerald Papachristou, and Patricia Papachristou. Lrom the other areas: Michael L. Bierly and David Vogt (Nash- ville), Ken and Lil Dubke (Ooltewah), Helenhill Dove (Johnson City), Glen Eller and Richard Lura (Elizabethton) , David and Robbie Hassler (Byrds- town), Ray Jordan (Cookeville), W. Lee Shafer (Whitewell), Brenda and Gary Wallace (Elizabethton), and Kenneth and Betty Leltner Leggett (Louis- ville, Kentucky) . Congratulations and thanks are due all for intensive work in the field and cooperation in recording results and areas worked, in a manner facilitating a meaningful summary. And we, each and every one enjoyed being together again. 672 N. Belvedere, Memphis 3 8107. TENTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM AND FALL MEETING 15-16 OCTOBER, 1976 PALL CREEK PALLS STATE PARK PIKEVILLE, TENNESSEE 37367 This will be at the height of the fall color season so room reservations should be made early. A block of rooms have been set aside for our group, but members must reserve these on an individual basis. For reservations write Fall Creek Falls Inn, Fall Creek Falls State Park, Pikeville, Tennessee, or call 615 - 8 81-3241. Be sure to state that you are with the TOS. For further details contact George R. Mayfield, Jr., Maury County Hospital, Columbia, Tenn. 3 8401 or Kenneth H. Dubke, Rt. 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah, Tenn. 37363. [VoL. 47, 1976] THE MIGRANT MARCH NASHVILLE TELEVISION TOWER CASUALTIES, 1975 Katherine A. Goodpasture [ The television tower casualty-count for 1975 at WSM and WNGE Nash- [ ville, Tennessee was more than three times those of the past two years. Daily } coverage of both towers from 1 September through 31 October except 10 i October at WNGE and adding 1, 2 and 7 November at WNGE returned 513 ! dead birds of 5 3 species — 43 5 of 45 species from WSM and 78 of 32 species at WNGE. In addition Michael Bierly, coordinator for WNGE, looked for |; casualties at WNGE weekly from the last week of July through August with- j| out finding any. t Throughout the fall the weather was mild, often overcast and even-tem- [ pered, appearing to let migrants move at a leisurely pace. Moving fronts were | of low intensity and field observers generally reported seeing more migrants than for many years. Thrice times the number of casualties does not mean j triple the amount of "bad weather.” The timing of a change in wind direction i as well as the intensity of a drop in temperature must be factors in an analysis 1: of weather related to tower casualties as well as complex fortuities. On only | three dates does the number of casualties call for comment. j Collection of 3 8 dead birds at WSM and 9 at WNGE on 7 September fol- p lowed 2 or 3 days with overcast skies. A mild cold front passed at 16:00 on 5 September; no casualties were recovered on 6 September. The 47 casualties were found on the second morning after a change in wind direction and a drop j in temperature. | I Between 15 and 16 October the wind changed from south to northeast ' about midnight and it began to rain about 07:00 on the sixteenth. Thirty-nine j; fresh casualties, plus 2 old ones, were collected at WSM on the morning of the |i sixteenth. ;i The highest toll of the season was a fall of 2 56 birds at WSM. and 27 at I WNGE between 2 5 and 26 October. According to the U. S. Weather Bureau I rain began at 06:00 on 2 5 October, and wind changed from south to north at 06:27. Rain continued irregularly during the day and night. There was no record of fog. Rain ended about 08:00 on the 26th and the wind was from the [ northeast. An employee at WSM did not notice casualties at midnight. One [ may ask whether birds migrating 2 5-26 October overtook a slow moving front ’ and ran into trouble over Nashville between midnight and dawn. Cats continue to be noticeable predators on dead birds at WNGE. Twenty- | two species of warblers accounted for two-thirds of the total number of 1 casualties. Highest counts were 98 Tennessee Warblers, 71 Ovenbirds and 48 ' Bay-breasted Warblers. Three late migration dates were gleaned from the { casualty records: 1 Red-eyed Vireo, 27 October, was one day later; 2 Phila- delphia Vireos, 26 October, were 2 days later and 1 Blackpoll Warbler, 26 | October, was 10 days later than previous late fall records for the Nashville area. | [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 9 TABLE I TELEVISION TOWER CASUALTIES, FALL 1975, NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE Species WSM WNGE TOTAL Virginia Rail 0 1 1 Oct. 6(1) Yel-billed Cuckoo 2 0 2 Oct. 1(1); 28(1) Woodpecker, sp. 0 2 2 Oct. 3(1); 13(1) Yel-bel. Flycatcher 0 1 1 Sept. . 7(1) Red-br. Nuthatch 1 0 1 Oct. 26(1) House Wren 1 1 2 Oct. 16(1); 26(1) Winter Wren 1 0 1 Oct. 17(1) Long-bil. Marsh Wren 4 1 5 Oct. 26(3,1); 27(1) Short-bil. Marsh Wren 1 0 1 Oct. 26(1) Brown Creeper 3 0 3 Oct. 16(2); 26(1) Gray Catbird 1 2 3 Sept, . 30(1); Oct. 26(1,1) Brown Thrasher 1 0 1 Oct. 11(1) Wood Thrush 1 0 1 Oct. 16(1) Hermit Thrush 1 0 1 Oct. 16(1) Swainson's Thrush 2 1 3 Sept. , 26(1); 27(1); Oct. 19(1) Gray-chkd. Thrush 1 1 2 Sept , . 20(1); 26(1) Thrush, sp. 0 1 1 Oct. 3(1) Golden-cr. Kinglet 9 0 9 Oct. 26(8); 27(1) Ruby-cr. Kinglet 19 1 20 Oct. 19(1); 23(1*); 24(1); 26(15); 27(2) Kinglet, sp. 0 1 1 Oct. 26(1) White-eyed Vireo 1 0 1 Oct. 26(1) Yellow-thro. Vireo 0 1 1 Sept, . 30(1) Solitary Vireo 7 0 7 Oct. 19(1); 26(6) Red-eyed Vireo 15 2 17 Sept. Oct. . 5(1); 6(1); 7(4.2); 11(1); 15(1); 17(2); 16(1); 26(3); 27(1) Philadelphia Vireo 4 1 5 Oct. 1(1); 12(1); 16(1); 26(2) Black-and-white Warbler 16 2 18 Sept, Oct. . 5(2); 7(6); 9(1); 17(1); 18(1); 19(2); 16(1); 26(4) Blue-winged Warbler 0 2 2 Sept . . 7(1); 16(1) Tennessee Warbler 89 9 98 Sept. . 7(3,1); 9(1); 15(1); 16(1); 17(1); 28 bepc. ovi;; lovi;; i/vi;; zo (1): Oct. 1(1); 7(3); 12(1); 16(13); 17(1); Oct. 19(1,2); 26(55, 5); 27(7) Orange-cr. Warbler 1 1 2 Oct. 16(1); 26(1) Nashville Warbler 6 2 8 Sept. 7(1); 15(2); 16(1); Oct. 19(1); Oct. 26 (1,1); 30(1) No. Parula Warbler 1 0 1 Oct. 26(1) Yellow Warbler 1 0 1 Sept. 7(1) Magnolia Warbler 29 2 31 Sept. 7(3); 9(1); 16(1); 17(1); Oct. 16(1); 19(2); 21(1); 26(17); 27(4) Cape May Warbler 1 0 1 Oct. 26(1) Yellow-rump. Warbler 20 3 23 Oct. 16(1); 26(18, 3); 27(1) Blk-th-green Warbler 27 2 29 Oct. 19(1); 26(22, 1); 27(5) Cerulean Warbler 1 0 1 Sept. 7(1) Blackburnian Warbler 7 1 8 Sept. 7(1,1); 17(1); Oct. 23(1*); 26(3); 27(1) Chestn-sided Warbler 11 2 13 Sept. 7(1); 20(1); 28(1); Oct. 16(2); 26(7); Oct. 27(1) Bay-br. Warbler 45 3 48 Oct. 7(2); 14(1); 16(5); 19(1); 26(31,2); Oct. 27(6) Blackpoll Warbler 0 1 1 Oct. 26(1) Ovenblrd 59 12 71 Sept. 7(13, 2); 11(1); 12(1); 15(2); 23(3); Sept. 27(1); Oct. 2(1); 7(1); 16(1); 19(2); Oct. 26(31, 4); 27(6); Nov. 1(2*) No. Waterthrush 0 1 1 Sept. 5(1) Kentucky Warbler 3 0 3 Sept. 5(1); 6(1); 7(1) Com. Yellowthroat 13 0 13 Sept. 6(1); Oct. 16(2); 26(9); 27(1) Yellow-br. Chat 1 1 2 Sept. 7(1,1) Am. Redstart 2 4 6 Sept. 7(2); 22(1); 28(1); Oct. 3(2) Warbler, sp. 0 2 2 Oct. 19(1); 28(1) Scarlet Tanager 1 0 1 Oct. 16(1) Summer Tanager 0 1 1 Oct. 26(1) Rose-br. Grosbeak 4 3 7 Oct. 7(1); 9(1); 16(2); 19(1); 26(1,1) Indigo Bunting 14 0 14 Oct. 16(1); 24(1); 26(10); 27(2) Grasshopper Sparrow 1 0 1 Oct. 26(1) 9»xk-eyed Junco 1 1 2 Oct. 26(1,1) White-throated Sparrow 1 4 5 OCt. 6(1); 26(2); 31(1); Nov. 7(1) Swamp Sparrow 1 0 1 Oct. 16(1) Unidentified 4 2 6 Oct. 8(1); 13(1); 15(1); 16(2*); 26(1) TOTAL 435“ Ts' Numbers In () indicate birds collected that day. Underlined numbers Indicate birds collected at WNGE, not underlined collected at WSM. Asterisk indicates an obviously old specimen. [VoL. 47, 1976] 10 THE MIGRANT MARCH Accompanying TABLE I records in detail the collections of 1975 casualties. The coordinated efforts of the following people make this a continuing study: Frances Abernathy, Ann Arnett, Sue Bell, Michael Bierly, coordinator for WNGE, Milbrey Dugger, Clara Fentress, William Finch, Katherine Good- pasture, Portia Macmillan, Marjorie and Oscar Patrick, Ann Tarbell and Miriam Weinstein. 3407 Hopkins Lane, Nashville 37215. GREAT BLUE HERON COLOR MARKING PROJECT The Ohio Division of Wildlife, cooperating with the Ohio Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Ohio State University, is carrying out a 5 year project on Great Blue Herons (Ardea hevodias) as an environmental indicator. A num- ber of birds have been wing-marked with white patagial tags and they are soliciting assistance from cooperators to report sightings of these herons. If one of these birds is sighted it is requested the observer note date, time and exact location or nearest landmark. Additional information such as length of time the bird is in the vicinity would be helpful. Along with the above information send name, address and telephone number of the observer to Crane Creek Wildlife Experiment Station, 13229 West State, Route 2, Oak Harbor, Ohio 43449. ATTEND THE 1976 TOS FORAY 28-31 May SHADY VALLEY — JOHNSON COUNTY The Bristol Chapter of TOS will serve as host. Headquarters will be located at the Shady Valley Elementary School with registration beginning at 5 p.m. on Friday, 28 May. A group dinner is scheduled for 6:30 on Saturday, 29 May. For additional information contact J. Wallace Coffey, 521 Cedar Valley Road, Bristol 37620; phone 764-395 8; or Mrs. Tom Wilson, 205 Robin Road, Bristol 37620; phone 764-0283. [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 11 MINUTES OF THE 1975 SYMPOSIUM AND FALL MEETING The Ninth Annual Symposium and Fall Meeting of the Tennessee Ornitho- logical Society was held 10-12 October 1975, at Holiday Hills Resort, Cross- ville, Tennessee. The Board of Directors Meeting (11 October) was called to order by the President, O. Ray Jordan, with 3 8 members or proxies present. Bill Senter moved that the minutes of the 1975 Spring Meeting be approved as printed in June, 1975 issue of The Migrant. The motion, seconded by Noreen Smith, carried. REPORT OF OFFICERS: There were no reports from the Vice President or the Secretary. The Treasurer presented no detailed financial report. He requested that chapters begin collecting 1976 dues prior to January 1. EDITOR’S REPORT: Dr. Gary Wallace, Editor of The Migrant, reported that the September issue was at the printers and should be received by members sometime in November. He urged members to submit material suitable for publication. He also an- nounced a new, non-profit mailing permit which reduced the cost of postage for The Migrant by approximately 66 percent. This will, however, result in slower mail delivery. It may now take approximated a week or ten days for The Migrant to be received after it has been mailed. Publication costs have not changed, but it was pointed out that 1,000 copies of the journal are printed and T.O.S. has suffered a loss in membership. A need for recruitment of more mem- bers was pointed out. The Editor of "The Season,” Dr. Fred Alsop, urged reporters to send in records promptly after each field trip. Promot submission of these reports will result in more accurate and current published records. The State Count Compiler. Morris Williams, suggested that it is a waste of the Compiler’s time as well as that of readers, for multiple or duplicate records to be printed; for example, reporting in "The Season” those records also included in the counts. It was brought out in discussion that some members feel that "Round Table” information and noteworthy birds should always be included in "The Season.” Mr. Williams did not agree, but no definite action was taken on the matter. Mr. Williams also requested that reporters summarize their material before submission. He stated that it is time consuming to attempt a compilation of reports consisting of an unsummarized list of sightings covering several months. REPORTS OF STANDING COMMITTEES: There were no reports from the Finance, Conservation or Certification Committees. rVoL. 47, 1976] 12 THE MIGRANT MARCH foray: David Hassler reported, in Robbie Hassler’s absence, that the 1976 Foray will be held in Johnson rather than Fentress County, as had previously been announced. The change was made because of the current construction program in Pickett State Park and because the Bristol Chapter had so requested. The Foray will be held on Memorial Day weekend with Mountain City, Ten- nessee, as the headquarters. A suggestion was made to include studies of other forms (wildflowers, trees, salamanders, etc.), as well as birds. Interested persons from adjoining states will be invited. The Virginia Society has been contacted and Carolina birders will be invited. REPORTS OF SPECIAL COMMITTEES: emblems/patches/avifauna: Lil Dubke suggested the purchase of T.O.S. decals and shoulder patches for use as "stocking stuffers,” gifts and other uses. She reported that 505 patches have been sold. The sale of only a few more will allow the Society to "break even” on this project. She also has copies of Avifauna ^3 for sale. These booklets have been deposited at sites such as the Cumberland Museum in Nashville, the Smoky Mountain National Park, Cum- berland Gap and other locations. Suggestions for other appropriate locations for selling this pamphlet were solicited. NON-GAME program: Ken Dubke, T.O.S. Coordinator, Non-Game Program, reported that he attended all called meetings of this division of the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. He further stated that Gary Myers, Assistant Di- rector of TWRA, was expected to detail the progress of the Non-Game Pro- gram during the evening session. Five-dollar certificates may be purchased from TWRA to help support the work of the non-game program. This will enable parties with interests such as our own, along with hunters and anglers, to help maintain habitat, and support other conservation work. The money thus received will be used to obtain matching funds from the federal govern- ment. Ralph McDonald’s print of the bluebird is offered, for a limited time, as incentive for the sale of these certificates. Applications may be obtained from TWRA. John Sellars advised that the Lebanon Chapter had made a group dona- tion to this project and suggested that other chapters might like to participate in a similar manner. DIXON MERRITT MEMORIAL: Bill Senter called attention to the invitation, as printed in TJoe Migrant, to the breakfast on 18 October at Cedars of Lebanon State Park when the Merritt Memorial will be officially opened. There will be a bird walk preceding the breakfast and an examination of various areas within the park and forest system suitable for a proposed self-guided nature trail. This will be the first of a series of such field trips, with others scheduled for the spring. Prices on plaques have been requested from a firm in Ogden, Utah. The text for two plaques were submitted, but quotations have not been re- ceived. One of these texts quotes Mr. Merritt’s pelican poem; the other is a brief biographical sketch of Mr. Merritt. It is anticipated that the price per plaque will be within the $120 previously allotted by T.O.S. OLD BUSINESS: DIRECTOR AT LARGE QUESTION: At the 1975 Spring Meeting (Columbia, Tennessee), discussion ensued regarding the deletion of "Director at Large” [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 13 status from the T.O.S. Constitution. No formal action was taken, but it was agreed that the subject would be resumed at this meeting. After a lengthy discussion, the motion was made by Martha Waldron to notify all chapters that deletion of the "Director at Large” status will be voted on at the 1976 Spring Meeting. The motion, seconded by Bill Senter, carried. It was pointed out that the Constitution requires a written notice to be furnished each chapter at least 30 days prior to any meeting in which a constitutional change is to be considered. T.O.S. brochures: Ken Dubke advised that, at one time, descriptive T.O.S. brochures were available but that this supply is now exhausted. A discussion followed regarding the advantages of a new brochure which would include a brief history of T.O.S., description of The Migrant, location of chapters, and dues information. Dubke moved that authorization be given to have such brochures up-dated and printed, the cost not to exceed $100. Lois Herndon seconded the motion, and it carried. ANNOUNCEMENTS: 1976 SPRING meeting: Lil Dubke extended an invitation from the Chatta- nooga Chapter to host the 1976 Spring Meeting, to be held 30 April - 1 and 2 May. She stated that arrangements had been made with a motel for reasonable rates, good food and a meeting room. This, and other nearby motels, will ac- commodate the 300-|- people expected. Their spring count will be taken at that time. More information will be forthcoming. THE NATURE CONSERVANCY: Bill Joncs, President of the Upper Cumberland Chapter (Cookeville), reported that he attended a July meeting in Chattanooga regarding the possibility of a Tennessee Chapter of The Nature Conservancy. The Nature Conservancy is a national organization dedicated to preserving land in its natural state through acquisition or private donations. The present trend is towards statewide chapters. Considerable work is being done in regard to the question of how a statewide chapter, providing adequate representation for all parts of Tennessee, can be accomplished. He is presently working on by-laws to be presented at the next organizational meeting (7 November) in Chatta- nooga. At that meeting, there will be speakers, a business meeting, and field trips the next day. Bill described the work of The Nature Conservancy in other areas and stated that the organization has not been strong in Tennessee due to a lack of organization and membership. Anyone wishing to receive further information may request it from Ken Dubke or Bill Jones. Gary Wallace indicated that he would show slides during the evening ses- sion pertaining to the 13 September dinner at Ellzabethton honoring Dr. Lee Herndon and Mr. Fred Behrend. The meeting adjourned at 15:00. Louise Jackson, Secretary [VoL. 47, 1976] 14 THE MIGRANT MARCH ROUND TABLE NOTES KING EIDER RECORDED IN TENNESSEE — For some time the exist- ence of a specimen of King Eider {Somateria spectabilis) for Tennessee has been known, but no formal presentation has been made. This note is an accu- mulation of the facts surrounding the record as they are known. A King Eider was killed by a hunter during the hunting season in the Opos- sum Branch area of Woods Reservoir between 1964 and 1967, exact date undeterminable, but during the time the hunting season on Canvasback (Aythya valisineria) was closed. Bill Armbrecht, A.E.D.C. Area Manager, Game and Fish Commission (now Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency) was at the checking station the day the specimen was shot and questioned its legality since it seemed to him something like a Canvashack which was closed that season. At Mr. Armbrecht’s request the hunter freely gave the bird to him. Upon consulting a waterbird identification guide, he determined that it appeared to be an eider and it was placed in the back of his open bed truck for a time. The specimen then was taken by Calvin Barstow, at that time biologist. Game and Fish Commission and put in his freezer for several years. In July 1970, Michael Bierly asked Mr. Barstow about the bird and he said that he would be glad to give it to him provided that Michael guarantee that the speci- men would be placed in a public collection. On 24 September 1970 the bird was presented at the Nashville Chapter TOS meeting by Jay Gore, biologist. Game and Fish Commission. Arrangements were made with John Ogden, then research biologist, Ever- glades National Park, to have the specimen made into a skin. The bird was carried by Ann Tarbell in the spring of 1971 to Miami, Florida during a vaca- tion trip and left for Mr. Ogden at Everglades National Park. The bird was prepared into a study skin and sent for tentative disposition to Amelia Laskey who had a permit to keep skins. The tag reads in part: Total length 480 mm; wing cord 25 0 mm; tail 71 mm; culmen 32 mm; some fat; weight 1103.56 mg; sex female, follicle mi- nute. Prepared by C. Senna 2 April 1971. It was decided that the skin should be sent to the Smithsonian Institution for verification. In July 1972, Richard Zusi, Curator, Division of Birds, Smithsonian Institution, verified the specimen as Somateria spectabilis. In ac- cordance with Mr. Barstow’s request, the skin was placed in the bird collection of the Cumberland Museum and Science Center (formerly Children’s Museum) in Nashville, specimen number AV-2 67. An agreement was signed by Michael Bierly with the museum stating that if the museum decided to dispose of the specimen that the Tennessee Ornithological Society would be notified for dispo- sition. Copies of this agreement were sent to Gary Wallace and Fred Alsop, III. Acknowledgment of assistance in the preservation of this record are extended to Ken Dubke, Henry Parmer, Jon DeVore and to those mentioned above. This account substantiates the first record of a King Eider for Tennessee. Michael Lee Bierly, 2415 Crestmoor Road, Nashville 37215. [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 15 SECOND HOUSE FINCH AT NASHVILLE— On the afternoon of 13 April 1975 a "'strange” bird came to the Droll Yankee sunflower seed feeder which hangs on a bracket one foot from my kitchen window. This feeder plus a couple of others were literally over-run during the winter and early spring with Purple Finches {Carpodacns purpnrens). The newcomer also perched about three feet from the window in a dogwood tree (Cormis florida) affording me an excellent view. This bird was slimmer and grayer than the Purple Finches, with streaked underparts, no tvhite facial pattern such as characterizes the female or immature Purple Finch, and its tail was almost straight across at the tip, just barely notched. The thing that clinched the identification for me was the chirping of the bird which sounded almost identical to the House Sparrows {Passer domesticus) , of which I have many! This similarity in call notes is mentioned in Birds of North America by Robbins, et al. In addition to this book, I consulted A Field Guide to the Birds by Peterson, and The Audubon Illustrated Handbook of American Birds by Reilly, and was convinced that this bird was a female House Finch {Carpodacus mexicanus). On 6 March 1975 I had seen a male House Finch at the home of Sally and William Fintel in Old Hickory and I had previously seen this species in Colorado and New Hampshire. I saw this particular bird at my house, briefly, on 1 March 1975, but did not identify it at the time, chiefly because I was not expecting a House Finch in my yard; however, the reason I know it was the same bird is that it was easily distinguished by a small, white cap! I suppose this could be considered partial albinism. I have been told that an injury sometimes causes the feathers to grow back white. If anyone has another explanation for the unusual white cap, I would like to hear about it. Pat Stallings, 406 North 17 Street, Nashville 37206. Correction: The Migrant 46:71, 1975. From the Winter Season Report of the Central Plateau and Basin Region reads as follows: Golden Eagle: 6 wintered in Cannon Co. (FB) ; 7 Dec. injured bird captured near Giles and Marshall County lines (fide MLB); 22 Nov. (2) B (DH, RH) ; 8 Feb. (15) Dale Hollow Lake (fide DH, RH). It should read: Golden Eagle: 6 wintered in Cannon Co. (FB) ; 7 Dec. injured bird captured near Giles and Marshall County lines (fide MLB). Bald Eagle: Center Hill and CL each had 1 wintering (fide MLB); 22 Nov. (2) B (DH, RH) ; 8 Feb. (15) Dale Hollow Lake (fide DH, RH). [VoL. 47, 1976] 16 THE MIGRANT MARCH THE SEASON Dr. Fred J. Aesop, III, Editor There are many interesting observations during this season, but one, the first state record for Harcourt’s Storm Petrel, Oceanodroma castro (also called Band-rumped or Madeiran Storm Petrel) is outstanding among the rest. There are few inland North American records for this species. Three birds were found dead and/or dying in Great Smoky Mountains National Park shortly after Hurricane Eloise passed through the Southern States in late September. Details will be published later. A white-rumped storm petrel of unknown species was also seen during the same period in the Collegedale area of the Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. There are a multitude of shorebird records from all regions across the State. They are especially numerous in the Central Plateau and Basin Region where a Whimbrel was observed, and in the Eastern Ridge and Valley Region where a Marbled Godwit was seen. Many birds of uncommon occurrence was also reported. Perhaps the most noteworthy of these are the Red-necked Grebe and Eared Grebe, Oldsquaw, Surf Scoter, and Purple Gallinule from the Central Plateau and Basin Region. A Common Gallinule, two Glossy Ibis, and large numbers of Cattle Egrets were found in the Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. Both eagle species and a good sampling of other raptorial birds lent an exciting air to field trips for Tennesseee birders. Notable diurnal birds of prey included a nesting Mississippi Kite in the Western Coastal Plain, a Merlin in the Central Plateau and Basin, and a Goshawk spotted on 4 October that was present through the end of the reporting period in the Eastern Mountain Region. Several contributors reported not only a good variety of migrating species, but generous numbers of individuals as well. Early and late records of arrival and departure were broken across the State (note especially the Central Plateau and Basin Region). A Yellow-bellied Sansucker was reported the 2 5 of August in the Western Coastal Plain. A Wood Thrush stayed in the Eastern Ridge and Valley into the first week of November and a Blackburnian Warbler was seen in the Central Plateau and Basin on 12 November. An immature White- throated Sparrow was reported to have "summered” in the latter region. [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 17 There are many widely scattered records of numerous Red-breasted Nut- hatches being present by the end of the reporting period, and the legion of sightings of Pine Siskins, Purple Finches, and Evening Grosbeaks all indicate this may be a very good "northern finch” winter in Tennessee. This Season contains many interesting, exciting, and valuable records of Tennessee birds. We share the pleasure and sport of the birders who spent some moments with each bird involved in these citations, but of greater importance, we commend each of you listed for sharing your records of your "Ends” with The Migrant and your fellow birders in this permanent way. WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN REGION— The warbler migration through the Memphis area was highlighted by large numbers of individuals (3 5) that presented themselves at several homemade fountains in members’ yards. Mr. and Mrs. Dinkelspiel, for example, consistently had the largest number of warblers for several days. Their fountain not only attracted war- blers, but many other migrants were seen as well. The weather was not un- usual for the season. Loon-Gnll: Common Loon: 16 Oct. (1) McKellar Lake (BM). Cattle Egret: 20 Sept. (130) Ripley, TN (AS). Black-crowned Night Heron: 31 Aug., 8 Sept. (26), (34) Hustburg, DRU (JL, DW). Pintail: 8 Sep:. (1) Hustburg, DRU (JL). MISSISSIPPI KITE: 27 Aug. (3 imm.) seen flying near nest located in high cottonwood near edge of ball field, Dyersburg, TN (VL). Sora Rail: 31 Aug. (4) Hustburg, DRU (JL, DW). Black-bellied Plover: 8 Sept. (2) Hustburg, DRU (JL). Upland Sandpiper: 8 Sept. (1) Hustburg, DRU (JL). White-rumped Sandpiper: 31 Aug. (3) Big Sandy Unit (JL, DW). Sanderling: 31 Aug. (1) Pace Pt (JL, DW). Ring-billed Gull: 31 Aug. (1) Pace Pt. (JL, DW). Sapsncker-Sparrotv: YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKER: 2 5 Aug. (1 imm.) Audubon Park (RJ), 2 Oct. (la) Audubon Park (RJ), 4 Oct. (1 imm.) M (Near same area) (RJ) 6 Oct. (2) Coffey Grounds (BC). YELLOW- BELLIED LLYCATCHER: 24 Aug. (1) R (EC, BC). Red-breasted Nut- hatch: 9 Sept. (1) 19 Sept. - 1 Oct. (1) R (EC). Short-billed Marsh Wren: 31 Aug. (2) Big Sandy, DRU (8) Hustburg, DRU (JL, DW). Winter Wren: 4 Oct. (1) Coffey Grounds (LC). Tennessee Warbler: 3 0 Aug. (1) Jackson, TN (JL), 29 Oct. (1) M (HD). Parula Warbler: 17 Oct. (1) M (HD). Swainson’s Warbler: 16 Aug. (1) Birdsong Boat Dock (MPS). Bay- breasted Warbler: 5, 6 Oct. (12) M (HD). Connecticut Warbler: 6 Oct. (1) M (HD). Ovenbird: 17 Oct. (1) M (HD). Indigo Bunting: 26 Oct. (2) Shelby Forest SP (HSD, HD). Dark-eyed Junco: 14 Oct. (1) G (MS). White-throated Sparrow: 8 Oct.'(l) G (MS). Locations: Audubon Park — city park in the center of Memphis; Big Sandy Unit, Tennessee Nat. Wildlife Refuge; Birdsong boat dock — Benton Co.; Cof- fey Grounds — home of Ben and Lula Coffey, Memphis; G — Germantown; Hustburg, DRU — Hustburg, TN Duck River Unit of the Tenn. Nat. Wild- life Refuge; M — Memphis; McKellar Lake — SE Shelby Co.; Pace PT — Big Sandy Unit of the Tenn. Nat. Wildlife Refuge; R — Raleigh, NE Shelby Co.; Shelby Forest — Shelby Forest State Park, NW Shelby Co. Observers: EC— Mrs. Ed Carpenter; BC — Ben B. Coffey, Jr.; LC — Lula Coffey; HD — Helen Dinkelspiel; RJ — Rusty Jones; VL — Virginia Lamb; JL — [VoL. 47, 1976] 18 THE MIGRANT MARCH i Jerald Ledbetter; BM — Bob McGowan; MS — Mary Seaborn; AS — Alice Smith; MPS — M. P. Stallings. j Martha Waldron, 1626 Yorkshire Drive, Memphis 3 8117. CENTRAL PLATEAU AND BASIN REGION— This report contains | about 20 records which are either the earliest or latest published fall records t for those 20 species in this region. In addition several species are recorded in | high numbers. Most of these records are from the Nashville area. I believe that the appearance of the third edition of Birds of the Nashville Area explains in I part this increase in new records. Many observers were probably in the field ; trying to find birds that were arriving from the north a little earlier or linger- ing here a little later than indicated in this new publication. Participants in the ; Nashville area fall count recorded a remarkably high total of 158 species on * 27 and 28 September 1975; this is almost as high as the totals on the spring ; counts in the same area. ! Grebe-Falcon: KED-NECKED GREBE: 7 Sept. (2) NA (MPS). Horned Grebe: 12 Aug. (1) OHL (SF, WF). EARED GREBE: 4-9 Oct. (1) RL j (MLB). Double-crested Cormorant: 31 Aug. - 1 Sept. (1) GSP (DC, PC); | 2 Nov. (1) CHL (BJ, BV). Green Heron: 29 Oct. (1) W (FB). Little Blue j Heron: 1 Aug. (1) MP (MLM). Cattle Egret: 24 Aug. (15) M (AH, Frank i Hill); 9 Oct. (15) LC (W. E. Dickey fide LC) ; 5 other records. Yellow- | crowned Night Heron: 22 Aug. (2) W (FB). Snow Goose: 28 Sept. (1) NA (FC) ; 24-31 Oct. (1) G (Leland Scott): 2 5 Oct. (1) CL (RJM). Pintail: i 28-29 Aug. (1) G (DC, PC, Diane Wilson). OLDSQUAW: 31 Oct. (1) RL (MLB). SURF SCOTER: 18 Oct. (1) OHL (SF, WF); 26 Oct. (1) CHL (BJ, BV); 29 Oct. (2) RL (MLB). Ruddy Duck: 13 Oct. (1) WR (KD, LD); 19 Oct. (6) RL (MLB). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 8 Sept. (1) G (DC, | PC); 28 Sept. (2) W (FB) ; 13 Oct. (3) B (DH, RH). Rough-legged Hawk: , 14 Oct. (1) W (FB). GOLDEN EAGLE: 19 Oct. (2) W (FB). BALD i EAGLE: 3 0 Oct. (1) B (DH, RH). Osprey: 26 records during period. MER- LIN: 14 Sept. (1) 2JS (HR, JR). Crane-Tern: Sandhill Crane: 17 Oct. (3) C (Timmy Smith); 14 Nov. i (45) B (DH, RH). Virginia Rail: 28 Sept. (1) BV (MLB); 6 Oct. (1, C) I NA (Bill and Lucy Finch). Sora: 11 records during period. PURPLE GAL- LINULE: 5 Oct. (1, C) NA (MLB). American Coot: 13 Oct. (14,000), 28 Oct. (16,400) WR (KD, LD). Semipalmated Plover: 7 Sept. (55) CCNWR f (JH). Killdeer: 1 Sept. (104) GSP (DC, PC). American Golden Plover: 28 Sept. (1) BV (MLB); 18-19 Oct. (1) OHL (SF, WF). Black-bellied Plover: 6 Aug. (1), 24 Sept. (16) GSP (DC, PC); 25 Oct. - 1 Nov. (1) BV (MLB, Larry Gates). WHIMBREL: 26 Sept. (1) GSP (DC, PC, CP). Upland Sand- ' piper: 31 Aug. (2) NA (MLM). White-rumped Sandpiper: 7 Sept. (1) j CCNWR (JH). Dunlin: 20 Sept. (1), 16 Oct. (56) GSP (DC, PC), dow- itcher sp.: 7 Sept. (2) CCNWR (JH): 16 Oct. (4), 26 Oct. (1) GSP (DC, ; PC). Stilt Sandpiper: 5 Aug. (3) G (DC, PC). BUFF-BREASTED SAND- PIPER: 7 Sept. (2) CCNWR (JH) ; 7 Sept. (1) GSP (DC, PC). Sanderling: j 19-29 Sept. (1-3) GSP (DC, PC). AMERICAN AVOCET: 20 Sept. (1), 25-26 Sept. (9) GSP (DC, PC). WILSON’S PHALAROPE: 1 Aug. (1) MP ! [VoL. 47, 1976] ! 197^ THE MIGRANT 19 (MLM,) ; 7 Sept. (2) OONWR (JH). Herring Gull: 26 Sept. (1) GSP (DC, PC, CP); 26 Sept. (1) OHL (SF, WF). Bonaparte’s Gull: 17 Oct. (7) OHL (SF, WF). Forster’s Tern: 27 Sept. (44) NA (FC). Caspian Tern: 25 Sept. (22) GSP (DC, PC, Bessie Hagan); 17 other records during period. Black Tern: 11 Aug. (20) CL (RJM) ; 6 other records. Cuckoo-Thrush: Yellow-billed Cuckoo: 25 Oct. (1) LC (LC). Black-billed Cuckoo: 27 Sept. (1) LC (LC) ; 1 Oct. (1,C) NA (Betty Richards); 5 Oct. (1, B) 2JS (JR). Barn Owl: 11 Oct. (1) CL (RJM). Whip-poor-will: 20 Sept. (1) 2JS (JR). YELLOW-BELLIED FLYCATCHER: 17 Aug. (1, B) 2JS (HR, JR); 7 Sept. (1, C) NA (MLB); 7 Sept., 4 Oct. (1, B) BS (KAG). Acadian Flycatcher: 28 Sept. (1, B) 2JS (JR). Willow Flycatcher: 1 Aug. (2, "whitting”) MP (MLM). Least Flycatcher: 27 Sept. (1, B) 2JS (JR). Eastern Wood Pewee: 26 Oct. (1) NA (MPSJ. Olive-sided Flycatcher: 27 Sept. (2) NA (FC). Tree Swallow: 18 Oct. (48) G (DC, PC). BANK SWALLOW: 12 Jzily (2) Ashland City Marsh (RJM), this noteworthy early record was received too late for inclusion in the summer season report. House Wren: 7 records from scattered localities. Bewick’s Wren: 21 Sept. (1, B) 2JS (HR, JR); 19 Oct. (1) Rock Island (MPS). Long-billed Marsh Wren: 27, 28 Sept. (18) NA (FC). Short-billed Marsh Wren: 27, 28 Sept. (12) NA (FC). Hermit Thrush: 28 Sept. (1) NA (FC). Vireo-Sparrotv: PHILADELPHIA VIREO: 13 Sept. (1) 2JS (HR, JR); 13 Sept. (2) RL (MLB); 20 Sept. (1) WC (EH, BJ); 27, 28 Sept. (7) NA (FC). Warbling Vireo: 30 Aug. (1, B) 2JS (HR, JR); 1 Sept. (1) NA (MLB). SWAINSON’S WARBLER: 7 Sept. (1) SB (MPS). Orange-crowned Warbler: 29 Sept. (1) W (FB) ; 1 Oct. (1, C) NA (KAG); 28 Oct. (1) NA (Ann Nichols) . Blackpoll Warbler: 26 Oct. (1, C) NA (MLB). Pine Warbler: throughout period (6) LC (LC). Palm Warbler: 13 Aug. (2) RL (MLB). Mourning Watbler: 13 Sept. (1) BS (KAG); 17 Sept. (1) W (FB) ; 27 Sept. (1) NA (FC). Bobolink: 13 Sept. (150) CL (RJM). Northern Oriole: 5 Oct. (1) RL (MLB). Summer Tanager: 7 Nov. (1) C (EH). Purple Finch: 20 Sept. (1) WC (EH); 24 Sept. (1) OHL (SF, WF). EVENING GROS- BEAK: 29 Oct. (2) Crossville (Adele West); 31 Oct. (6) M (AH); 5-6 Nov. (25) LC (LC) ; 9 Nov. (25) Col (fide OH); 13 Nov. (75) Land Between Lakes (Clifton Whitehead). LARK SPARROW: 30 Aug. (1), 4 Oct. (1) SB (MPS); 1 Sept. (1) Bledsoe Creek State Park, G (DC, PC). White-crowned Sparrow: 27 Sept. (1) 2JS (HR, JR). WHITE-THROATED SPARROW: an immature spent the summer, W (FB). Additional symbols used: B = Banded; C = Casualty. Locations: B — Byrdstown; BS — Basin Springs; BV — Buena Vista; C — Cookeville; Col — Columbia; CL — ^Cheatham Lake; CHL — Center Hill Lake; CCNWR — ^Cross Creeks Nat. Wildl. Refuge; G — Gallatin; GSP — Gallatin Steam Plant; LC — Lawrence Co.; M — Murfreesboro; MP — Monsanto Ponds; NA — Nashville Area; OHL — Old Hickory Lake; RL — Radnor Lake; SB — Shelby Bottoms; 2JS^ — Two Jays Sanctuary; W — Woodbury; WC — ^White Co.; WR — ^Woods Reservoir. Observers: MLB — Mike Bierly; FB — Frances Bryson; LC — Lloyd Clayton; FC — Fall Count Participants; DC — Dot Crawford; PC — Paul Crawford; KD — [VoL. 47, 1976] 20 THE MIGRANT MARCH Ken Dubke; LD~Lil Dubke; SF— Sally Fintel; WF— William Fintel; KAG— Katherine Goodpasture; DH— Dave Hassler; RH — Robbie Hassler; AH — Anne Hettish, JH — James Holt; EH — Ernst Holzhausen; OH— Olin Hotchkiss; BJ — Bill Jones; MEM — Margaret Mann; RJM — Rocky Milburn; CP — Chap Percival; HR — Heather Riggins; JR — John Riggins; MPS — Pat Stallings; BV — Bill Varney. Morris D. Williams, Dept, of Zoology, Univ. of Tenn., Knoxville 37916. EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY REGION— A PETREL at Collegedale the day after Hurricane Eloise was a first for the region. The MARBLED GODWIT observed at Norris Lake constitutes the fourth state record. The draw-down on Chickamauga Lake produced excellent shortbird habitat until the first of September. A Buff-breasted Sandpiper and a Ruddy Turnstone were unusual sightings. Two GLOSSY IBIS and a COMMON GALLINULE were the first fall records for the Chattanooga area. Terns staged a good migration in all parts of the region. Nfimerous records of the Cattle Egret were reported, including a flock of 100 in Sequatchie Valley. A banding station at Daus, run from 7 September to the end of the period, netted interesting records of several pas- serine species. All indicators point to a bumper invasion of boreal species. Before the end of the period Red-breasted Nuthatches, Evening Grosbeaks, Purple Finches, and Pine Siskins had been reported. Loon-Ibis: Common Loon: 4 Oct. (1) BL (MD). Horned Grebe: 27 Sept. (1) NL (KP). Pied-billed Grebe: 2 Oct. (HO) NL (BB). PETREL SPECIES: (forked tail, white rump): 24 Sept. (1) Collegedale (Mrs. Nat Halverson fide DRJ). Great Blue Heron: 7 Sept. (26) DL (TK, KTOS). Green Heron: through end of period (1) AM (KLD, DRJ). Little Blue Heron: 1-2 5 Aug. (1-2) HRA (KLD); 1 Sept. (2) Daisy (KLD, DRJ); 6 Sept. (1) SB (KLD). CATTLE EGRET: 22 Aug. (11) HRA (KLD); 19 Sept. (7) KCo (Mrs. Jake Kreis); 21 Sept. (1) Concord (Mrs. John Craig); 22 Sept. (22) SeV (Flavius Barker DRJ) ; 28 Sept. (22) HRA (GLB) ; 7 Oct. (11) SeV (LSF); 23 Oct. (flock of 100) SeV (David Smith fide LS). Great Egret: through 28 Sept. (4-7 regular) HRA (KLD, GLB, DRJ); 2 Sept. (1) AS (DL); 6 Oct. (1) HRA (KLD). Black-crowned Night Heron: 10 Aug. - 4 Oct. (1-4 irregular) AS (ETOS). Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 2 Aug. - 4 Oct. (1, imm.) AS (ETOS); 28 Sept. (1, imm.) KCo (GM). GLOSSY IBIS: 31 Aug. (2 adults) HRA (DRJ). Goose-Crane: Canada Goose: 25 Sept. (5) CL (FO). Black Duck: 6 Sept. (2) HRA (KLD). Gadwall: 6 Oct. (2) HRA (KLD). Pintail: 21 Sept. (1) AS (GE, LRH, SG, JS). Green-winged Teal: 31 Aug. (1) AM (DRJ). Blue- winged Teal: first, 24 Aug. (2) HRA (LD) ; 21 Sept. (200) AS (GE, LRH, SG, JS). American Wigeon: 21 Sept. (1) AS (GE, LRH). Northern Shoveler: 14 Sept. (1) SeV (DRJ). Wood' Duck: 17 Aug. (max. 147) HRA (KLD). Turkey Vulture: 4 Oct. (37) AS (GE, HF, DL, PR). Black Vulture: 13 Sept. (20) SeV (LSF). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 8 Aug. (1) KCo (Maurice Grigsby); [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 21 8 Sept. (1) Da (LSF); 17 Sept. (1) Lamar (DL) ; 23 Oct. (1) KCo (JGH). Cooper’s Hawk: 26 Sept. (1) KCo (JGH); 26 Oct. (1) JC (ES). Red-tailed Hawk: 16 Nov. (9 adults, 2 imm.) migrating, passed S.W. in a period of 40 minutes; Church Hill (EJA). BALD EAGLE: 4 Aug. (1 adult) N. Chicka- mauga Creek (Brainerd Cooper fide KD). Osprey: 13 Aug. (2) Cherokee Lake (Howard Chitwood, Dan Marion); 28 Oct. (1) TRG (KLD). Sandhill Crane: 29 Sept. (5) Blount Co. (George Wood). Rail-Shorebirds: King Rail: 30 Oct. (1) AIM (MDW, BS, AS). Virginia Rail: 19 Sept. (1) AS (GE) ; 30 Oct. (3) AIM (MDW, BS, AS). Sora: 2 Sept. (1) AM (KLD, DRJ); 30, 31 Oct. (1-2) PSF (JGH). COMMON GAL- LINULE: 27 Oct. (1, imm.) HRA (KLD). Semipalmated Plover: 15 Aug. (2) SB (DRJ, JBB) ; 7 Sept. (2) DL (TK, KTOS). American Golden Plover: 26 Oct. (3) SB (LD); 29 Oct. (1) SB (KLD). Black-bellied Plover: 30 Aug- - 2 Sept. (1) SB (KLD); 7 Sept. (1) DL (TK, KTOS); 27, 29 Oct. (1) SB (KLD). RC/DDY TURNSTONE: 15 Aug. (1) SB (LD, DRJ, JBB). Common Snipe: 15 Aug. (1) HRA (KLD). Greater Yellowlegs: throughout period (1- 2) AS (ETOS) ; (1-18) HRA, SB (KLD). Lesser Yellowlegs: 10 Aug. (156, largest number for Chatt. area) SB (LD). Pectoral Sandpiper: 24 Aug. (2) AS (GE, LRH) ; regular through period (1-37) HRA, SB (KLD, GLB, DRJ). White-rumped Sandpiper: 24 Aug. (1) HRA (GLB). Least Sandpiper: regular through period (1-42) HRA, SB (KLD, DRJ). Dunlin: first 7 Oct. (36) HRA, SB (KLD); 18 Oct. (6) AS (DL). Short-billed Dowitcher: 15 Aug. (6) HRA (KLD); 5 Sept. (1) HRA (KLD). LONG-BILLED DOW- ITCHER: 8 Aug. (1) SB (LD); 7 Oct. (1) HRA (KLD). Stilt Sandpiper: 15 Aug. (1) SB (DRJ, JBB); 23, 24 Aug. (2), 31 Aug. (1) AS (DL, LRH, GE, SG, MD); 26, 29 Aug. (1) HRA (KLD, DRJ, GLB). Semipalmated Sandpiper: 9 Aug. - 5 Sept. (1-22) HRA (KLD, DRJ). Western Sandpiper: 23 Aug. -5 Sept. (1-2) HRA, SB (KLD); 31 Aug. (1) AS (SG, MD); 27 Oct. (3) HRA (KLD). BUFF-BREASTED SANDPIPER: 23-29 Aug. (1) HRA (KLD, et al). MARBLED GODWIT: 10 Sept. (1) Norris Lake (JGH). Sanderling: 15 Aug. (1) HRA (KLD); 30 Aug. (2) HRA (LSF); 22 Sept. - 4 Oct. (1-5) AS (ETOS). Gtill-Waxwing: Herring Gull: 7 Oct. (2) NL (DRJ). Ring-billed Gull: 7 Oct. (1) SB (KLD). Forster’s Tern: 7 Sept. (2) AS (DL), (19) SB (KLD), (7) NL (DRJ); 5-8 Oct. (1) NL (LS). Common Tern: 10> Aug. (14) AS (DL); 7 Sept. (12) DL (TK, KTOS); 28 Sept. (1) SB (KLD); 4 Oct. (3) AS (GE, HF, PR, DL). Caspian Tern: 7 Sept. (2) DL (TK, KTOS); 21 Sept. (4) AS (GE, LRH, JS, SG); 25 Sept. (1) SB (KLD). Black Tern: 31 Aug. (11) NL (DRJ, LS); 7 Sept. (6), 14 Sept. (1) AS (DL, HD, MD, SG) ; 3 Aug. - 24 Sept. (1-16, sporadic) SB (KLD). Black-billed Cuckoo: 21 Sept. (1) WW (LMJ). Barn Owl: 11 Aug. (1, road kill) SeV (LS) ; 31 Aug., 2 Sept. (3) AM (DRJ, KLD) . Common Nighthawk: 7 Sept. (210) SeV (LSF). Ruby-throated Hummingbird: 13 Sept. - 6 Oct. (42, banded) Da (BB). East- ern Kingbird: 15 Aug. (40) SB (JBB, DRJ). YELLOW-BELLIED FLY- CATCHER: 5 Sept. (1, banded) JC (PR); 16 Sept. (1, banded), 26 Sept. (2, banded), 27 Sept. (1, banded) Da (BB). Acadian Flycatcher: 24, 25 Sept., 4, 5 Oct. (1, banded) Da (BB). Traill’s Flycatcher: 25 Sept. (1, banded) Da (BB). Least Flycatcher: 2 5, 26 Sept. (1, banded) Da (BB). Tree Swallow: 18 fVoL. 47, 1976] 22 THE MIGRANT MARCH Oct. (400) SeV (LSF). Bank Swallow: 30 Aug. (2) HRA (LSF). Rough- ‘ winged Swallow: 20 Oct. (2) KCo (JGH). Barn Swallow: 25 Oct. (1) SB (LD). Purple Martin: last 1 Sept. (3) SB (KLD). Red-breasted Nuthatch: first 19 Sept. (2) White Oak Mtn. (LD, DRJ); scattered reports to end of ; period. House Wren: 21 Sept. (1) LM (GLB); 14, 20 Oct. (1, banded) Da ; (BB). Bewick’s Wren: 26 Sept. (1) SeV (BB). Long-billed Marsh Wren: 19 | Oct. (1) AS (JS); 30 Oct. (1) AIM (MDW, BS, AS). Short-billed Marsh Wren: 1-12 Aug. (1) SB (KLD); 8 Oct. (1) Da (LS). Gray Catbird: last ! 18 Oct. (1, banded) Da (BB). Wood Thrush: last 13 Oct. (1) LM (GLB); !' 2 Nov. (1) Church Hill (FJA). Swainson’s Thrush: 25 Oct. (1) K (Mabel | Sanders). Water Pipit: 30 Oct. (32) KCo (JGH). Cedar Waxwing: 28 Oct. I| (300) Highland Mem. Cemetery, KCo (JGH). | f Vireo-Sparrow: White-eyed Vireo: 28 Oct. (1, banded) Da (BB). Solitary f Vireo: 11 Oct. (1) LM (GLB); 27 Oct. (2, banded) Da (BB). PHILA- DELPHIA VIREO: 17 Sept. (1) JC (MD); 27 Sept., 4, 5, Oct. (1, banded) f Da (BB). Worm-eating Warbler: 24 Sept. (2, banded) Da (BB). Tennessee |i Warbler: 28 Oct. (10) KCo (JGH). Orange-crowned Warbler: 25 Sept., 28 i Oct. (1) KCo (JGH); 20 Oct. (1, banded) Da (BB). Nashville Warbler: | 30 Aug. (1) NL (DRJ); 28 Oct. (1) KCo (JGH). Magnolia Warbler: 30 !! Aug. (1) K (Mabel Sanders); 28 Oct. (3) KCo (JGH). Cape May Warbler: j 5 Oct. (1) Da (DRJ); Black-throated Blue Warbler: 4 Oct. (1) LM (GLB). Cerulean Warbler: 4 Oct. (1) Telford (PR, DL). Chestnut-sided Warbler: 1 Sept. (1) Daisy (KLD, DRJ). Bay-breasted Warbler: 28 Oct. (3) KCo 1 (JGH). Blackpoll Warbler: 18 Sept. (2, banded), 18 Oct. (1, banded) Da (BB). Northern Waterthrush: 31 Aug. (1) HRA (DRJ); 2 Oct. (3, banded) Da (BB). Wilson’s Warbler: 4 Oct. (2) Erwin (RL, SG). Canada Warbler: 8 Aug. (1) Cumb. Mtn. State Park (GM) ; 20 Aug. (1) KCo (MDW). Bobo- link: 23 Sept. (1) AS (MD, HD); 6 Oct. (15) HRA (KLD). Orchard | Oriole: to 21 Aug. (1-4) SB (KLD). Northern Oriole: 20 Sept. (1) LM (GLB). Rusty Blackbird: 24, 2 5 Oct. (1) AS (LRH, JS). Scarlet Tanager: | 24 Oct. (1) K (Edith Cress). Summer Tanager: 20 Oct. (1) KCo (JGH). Rose-breasted Grosbeak: 28 Oct. (1, banded) Da (BB). Ingido Bunting: 28 ‘ Oct. (1, banded) Da (BB). EVENING GROSBEAK: 31 Oct. (20) LM ' (GLB). Purple Finch: 20 Sept. (1) Dunlap Fire Tower (DRJ); 8 Oct. (1) ! KCo (JGH); 14 Oct. (1 female/imm.) and 21 Oct. (4 female?-! male), I! Church Hill (FJA). Pine Siskin: 25 Oct. (30) CL (BS). Savannah Sparrow: | 19 Sept. (2) SB (LD, DRJ). Grasshopper Sparrow: 4 Oct. (1) Jonesboro (HD, JS) ; 24 Oct. (1) Telford (MD, HD). White-crowned Sparrow: 20 Oct. !i (10) KCo (JGH); 2 5 Oct. (8, banded) AS (ETOS). White-throated Spar- I row: first, 2 Oct. (1) Da (BB). Lincoln’s Sparrow: 5 Oct. (1) Da (DRJ); ' 13 Oct. (1) KCo (JGH); 13, 27 Oct. (1, banded) Da (BB) ; 25 Oct. (3, | banded) AS (ETOS). | 5 Locations: AIM — Alcoa Marsh; AM — Amnicola Marsh; AS — Austin I Springs; BL — Boone Lake; CL — Cove Lake; Da— Daus; DL — Douglas Lake; j HRA — Hiwassee River Area; JC — Johnson City; K — Knoxville; KCo — Knox I County; LM — Lookout Mtn., Ga.; NL — Nickajack Lake; PSF — U. T. Plant | Science Farm; SB — Savannah Bay; SeV — Sequatchie Valley; TRG — Tennessee River Gorge; WW— Wildwood, Ga. j [VoL. 47, 1976] I' 1976 THE MIGRANT 23 Observers: FJA — ^Fred Alsop; BB — Benton Basham; GLB — Gary L. Bayne; JBB — J. Branson Block; MD — Martha Dillenbeck; HD — Helenhill Dove; KLD — Ken and Lil Dubke; KD — Ken Dubke; LD — Lil Dubke; GE — Glen Eller; ETOS — Elizabethton TOS; HF — Harry Farthing; SG — Sally Goodin; LRH — Lee Herndon; JGH— James G. Holt; JCH— J. C. Howell; DRJ— Daniel R. Jacobson; LMJ — Lemuel M. Jacobsen; KTOS — Knoxville TOS; TK — Tony Koella; RL — Richard Lewis; DL — ^Dick Lura; GM — Gary Muffly; FO — ^Frances Olson; KP — Kathy Phillips; PR — -Pete Range; ES — Ed Schell; LS — Lee Shafer; LSF — ^Lee Shafer Family; BS — Boyd Sharp; JS— Jake Slonaker; AS — Alan Smith; MDW — Morris D. Williams. Daniel R. Jacobson, P. O. Box 6, Wildwood, GA 30757. EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION — This period has produced some excel- lent observations within the region. The three HARCOURT^S STORM- PETREL’S found dead or dying in the Great Smoky Mtns. Nat’l. Park due to the aftermath of hurricane Eloise are the first state record for this species. The Goshawk that was recorded over several weeks in Johnson County, was seen by many birders. A Peregrine Falcon was also reported. The tern migration thru the upper end of the area was somewhat unusual and surprising. Adding these records to the late stragglers and early winter arrivals made this one of the best Fall seasons in recent years. Warmer than usual temperatures were noted in late August and early Sep- tember, with about normal rainfall being recorded during the three month span. The first frost came in the Elizabethton area on October 3, but we had very few low readings during the period. Loon-Falcon: Common Loon: first return 2 5 Oct. (2) WatL (LRH). HARCOURTS STORM-PETREL: 24, 2 5 and 26 Sept. (3 found dead) GSMNP {fide Morris Williams). Great Blue Heron: 20 Sept. (1) RC (GE, GW). Green Heron: last seen 18 Oct. (1) RC (LRH, ES) . Great Egret: 18-20 Sept. (1) RC (LRH, ES). Canada Goose: 10 Oct. (16) Hunter (GW). Black Duck: first return 26 Oct. (3) WibL (GE). Northern Shoveler: 19 Oct. (2) WibL (LH). Ring-necked Duck (3) and Bufflehead (1) first return on 19 Oct. at WibL (LFI). GOSHAWK: 4 Oct. thru end of period (1) RC (LRH, JM, LH). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 20 Sept. (2) HM (GE, GW); 27 Sept. (4) RM (GW, DL) ; 11 Oct. (1) RC (GE, RL). Cooper’s Hawk: 28 Aug. (1) RM (ES); 20 Sept. (2) HM (GE, GW); 30 Oct. (1) Eliz. (GE). Marsh Hawk: 17 Aug. (2) RM (ES) ; 20 Sept. (1) HM (GE, GW); 9 Oct. (1) RM (ES). Osprey: 12 Sept. (1) WatL (Chan Robbins). PEREGRINE FAL- CON: 27 Sept. (1) RM (GW, DL). Rail-Lark: Sora Rail: 5 Sept. (1 dead) HM (LRH). Semipalmated Plover: 28 Sept. (3) and 4 Oct. (1) RC (LRH, JM, ES). Greater Yellowlegs: 13 Oct. (1) RC (LRH, JM). Lesser Yellowlegs: 28 Aug. (1) RC (ES). Pectoral Sandpiper: 5 Sept. (1) and 18 Sept. (3) RC (LRH, ES). Western Sandpiper: 7 Aug. (1) and 18 Sept. (2) RC (LRH, ES). Sanderling: 28 Aug. thru 20 Sept. (2-8) RC (LRH, ES, GE, GW). Common Tern: 12 Sept. (75) WatL. (Chan Robbins); 28 Sept. (13) RC (DL, PR). Caspian Tern: 18 Sept. (5) RC (LRH, ES). Black Tern: 12 Sept. (45) WatL (Chan Robbins). Barn Owl: [VoL. 47, 1976] 24 THE MIGRANT MARCH 19 Aug. (1) MC (RL). Barred Owl: 10 Sept. (1) HM (Fred Behrend). Red- headed Woodpecker: 11 Oct. (1) RC (GE, RL). YELLOW-BELLIED LLY- CATCHER: 1 Oct. (1) Eliz. (HE). Least Flycatcher: last seen 4 Oct. (1) RM (ES). Horned Lark: (1-3) thru-out period at Eliz. airport (GW et. ah). Siv allow -Sparroiv: Rough-winged Sparrow: last seen 20 Sept. (1) HM (GE, GW). Cliff Swallow: 13 Sept. (3) HM, (GE, GW). Short-billed Marsh Wren: 4 Oct. (1) HS (GW). Solitary Vireo: last seen 27 Oct. (1) Bri (DW). PHILADELPHIA VIREO: 4 Oct. (2) IMG (SG, RL) ; 9 Oct. (1) RC (SG, MD). Swainson’s Warbler: 10 Sept. (1) near Erwin (RL). Orange-crowned Warbler: 4 Oct. (2) IMG (RL, SG). Palm Warbler, thru end of period (1) Bri (DW). CONNECTICUT WARBLER: 19 Oct. (1) Washington County (Jake Slonaker). Wilson’s Warbler: 13 Sept. (1) RM (GW). Rose-breasted Grosbeak: last seen 9 Oct. (1) RM (ES). Blue Grosbeak: 24 Aug. (1) HS (GE, HE) . Pine Siskin: 13 Sept. (2); 4 Oct. (2); and 9 Oct. (10) RM (LRH, ES) ; 29 Oct. (35 low elevation) Eliz. (GE). White-crowned Sparrow: first return 14 Oct. (12) RC (DL). White-throated Sparrow: first return 4 Oct. (2) Eliz. (GE, HE). Locations: Bri — Bristol; Eliz — Elizabethton; GSMNP — Great Smoky Mtn. National Park; HM — Holston Mtn.; HS — Hunter Swamp; IMG — Iron Mtn. Gap; MC — ^Milligan College; RC — Roans Creek; RM. — Roan Mountain; WatL —Watauga Lake; WibL— Wilbur Lake. Observers: MD — Martha Dillenbeck; BE — Glen Eller; HE — Harry Far- thing; SG — Sally Goodin; LH — Lois Herndon; LRH — Lee R. Herndon; DL— Dick Lura; RL — Richard Lewis; JM — John Martin; PR — Pete Range; ES — Ed Schell; DW— Diane Wilson; GW— Gary Wallace. Glen D. Eller, Route #3, Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton 37643. BOUND VOLUMES OF "THE MIGRANT” FOR SALE These were left by Albert F. Ganier to the Tennessee Ornithological Society for sale for the financial benefit of the Society. Volumes 6 (193 5) through 26 (195 5) — Bound in groups of 3 volumes each with a three-year index. Bound in black with gold lettering. Price for the bound run Volumes 6-26: $84.00 Also a bound set of Volumes 6 (1935) through 8 (1937): $12.00 James T. Tanner, Curator T. O. S., Route 28, Box 115, Knoxville 37920. [VoL. 47, 1976] PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION The purpose of THE MIGRANT is the recording of observations and original information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state of Tennessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders. Articles for publication originate almost exclusively from T.O.S. members. Contributors should prepare manuscripts and submit them in a form ac- ceptable to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes are solicited but their format should be somewhat different. Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for publication are given herewith. MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and not submitted for publication elsewhere. TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive. STYLE: Recent issues of THE MIGRANT should be used as a guide in the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is needed reference should be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals available from the Ameri- can Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue N. W., Wash- ington, D. C. 20016. COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8i x 11'' paper with adequate margins, for editorial notations, and should contain only entries intended for setting in type, except the serial page number. Tabular data should be entered on separate sheets with appropriate title and column headings. Photographs intended for reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on glossy white paper in black and white (not in color). Instructions to the editors should be given on a separate sheet. Weights and measurements should be in metric units. Dating should be in “continental** form (e.g., 7 March 1968). NOMENCLATURE: Common names should be capitalized followed by binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text for both regular articles and Round Table Notes, and should conform to the A.O.U. Check-list 5 th edition, 1957 and its Thirty-second Supplement. Trinomial should be used only after the specimen has been measured or com- pared with typical specimens. BIBLIOGRAPHY: When there are more than five references in an article, they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be appropriately included in the text. SUMMARY: Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum- marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from the work performed. IDENTIFICATION: Rare or unusual species identification to be accept- able must be accompanied by verifying evidence. This should include: date, time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment, distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying observation and reference works consulted. REPRINTS: Reprints are available on request. Reprint requests should accompany article at the time of submission. Bilhng to authors will be through the state T.O.S. Treasurer. Books for review and articles for publication should be submitted to the editor. Seasonal reports and items should be forwarded to the appropriate departmental editor whose name and address will be found on the inside front cover. CONTENTS The 1975 Foray; Lauderdale County. Ben B. Coffey, Jr 1 Nashville Television Tower Casualties, 1975 Katherine A. Goodpasture 8 Minutes of the 1975 Symposium and Fall Meeting Louise Jackson 11 Round Table Notes King Eider Recorded in Tennessee. Michael Lee Bierly 14 Second House Finch at Nashville. Bat Stallings 15 The Season. Edited by Fred /. Alsop, 111 16 Western Coastal Plain Region. Martha Waldron 17 Central Plateau and Basin Region. Morris D. Williams 18 Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. Daniel R. Jacobson 20 Eastern Mountain Region. Glen D. Eller 23 Illustration by Fred J. Alsop, 111 Mi m 7^- F liiljIIslicJ THETENNESSEEl ORNITHOLOGICAL^ k SOCIETY J Mi^mi mm i V.! :\V.-1.\ ?V-^:%«'i»is>'^-\Vv^ 50c^»'i ^ »t u !•.♦ ‘ m0m ’V.‘*-V**il'/* V'' ||{^h/ UNE, 1976 OL. 47, NO. 2 THE MIGRANT A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1930 Published By THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1915 A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization. EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR GARY O. WALLACE , Rt. 7, Box 338, Sunrise Dr., Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643 j **THE SEASON’’ EDITOR FRED J. ALSOP, III Rt. 6, 302 Evergreen St., Church Hill, Tenn. 37642 "STATE COUNT COMPILER” MORRIS D. WILLIAMS ! Suite 601, 1720 West End Building, Nashville 37203 j OFFICERS FOR 1975-77 PRESIDENT RAY JORDAN ' Department of Biology, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tenn. 38501 VICE-PRESIDENT, EAST TENN BILL WILLIAMS 1313 Young Ave., Maryville, Tenn. 37801 ' VICE-PRESIDENT, MIDDLE TENN PAUL CRAWFORD Route 4, Gallatin, Tenn. 37066 VICE-PRESIDENT, WEST TENN JULIAN DARLINGTON j 3112 Glentinnan Road, Memphis, Tenn. 38128 DIRECTORS- AT-LARGE: i EAST TENN JON DeVORE 4922 Sarasota Dr., Hixson, Tenn. 37343 MIDDLE TENN DAVID HASSLER Box 1, Byrdstown, Tenn. 38549 WEST TENN MRS. C. K. J. SUMARA 1011 Church St., Tiptonville, Tenn. 38079 CURATOR JAMES T. TANNER Rt. 28, Box 155, Emoxville, Tenn. 37920 SECRETARY MISS LOUISE JACKSON 5037 Montclair Dr., Nashville, Tenn. 37211 TREASURER KENNETH H. DUBKE Rt. 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah, Tenn. 37363 Annual dues, $4.00; Sustaining, $7.50; Life, $100.00; Student, $3.00; Family, $5.00; (chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses). Dues, contributions, and be- quests are deductible from Federal income and estate taxes. Back numbers may be had from Dr. James T. Tanner, Rt. 28, Box 15 5, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920. Correspond with the Treasurer for subscriptions, memberships, and changes of address. Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by Mallicote Printing Inc., 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620, U.S.A. Postage paid and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643, U.S.A. THE MIGRANT Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society, to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee. Issued in March, June, September, and December. VOL. 47 JUNE, 1976 NO. 2 ANNUAL AUTUMN HAWK COUNT Thomas W. Finucane In 1975 the T.O.S. Autumn Hawk Count totaled 17,062, with 16,510 Broad-winged Hawks. Our average over the last five years was 18,000 hawks. In 1975 a record 422 hours of observation was established, shattering the old record of 369 set in 1974. The hawk count in 1975, however, was nearly 7,000 lower than in 1974. Of the stations giving the five highest counts that year, all had lower counts in 1975, a total decline at those stations of 13,000. In par- ticular, the Mendota Fire Tower had 9,800 fewer Broad-wings, in spite of more hours and more people participating. Chattanooga area stations, on the other hand, had outstanding flights of Broad-wings. The halfway point in the migration came late, on 2 5 September. Ninety percent of the count accumulated over a period of 1 5 days, longer than average, which was 11 days for the years 1970-74. Between 15 and 24 September only 21 September had a good Broad-wing count. The 90% interval began on 13 September and ended on 27 September (both days were Saturdays). On this basis the Broad-winged Hawk migration was early. All the 90% periods for the five years before 1975 fell between 15 and 30 September. The most remarkable observation in the 1975 season was made by Tom Odom. Playing tennis in Kingsport, he threw the ball up to serve and spotted 30 Broad-winged Hawks flying south across the sky. The date was 16 August. The 1975 count of Sharp-shinned Hawks was 15 8, more than double our average for the five preceding years. The count at the Rogersville Kyles Ford station on Clinch Mt., probably our best lookout for Sharp-shins, was 6 5, higher than last year’s total for the whole T.O.S. project. The species has been recover- ing after having dropped to below 30% of its population 40 years ago, as shown in hawk-migration data. Nearly all the hawk-migration stations in East- ern North America had record counts in 1975. Hawk Mt., Pa. in the last three years, 5,125, 6,791, and 8,232 Sharp-shinned Hawks after 3 3 years with no counts above 4,500. Our count of 54 Coopers Hawks is a new record for the T.O.S. The total for Red-tailed Hawks was 12 5, a difficult count to make, because some Red-tails fly up and down the ridges or perhaps pass far out over the valley on the return trip. The 1975 count is the highest we have had except for several [VoL. 47, 1976] 26 THE MIGRANT JUNE TABLE 1 ANNUAL AUTUMN HAVK COUNT, 1975 No Date Obs Hrs Station Alt Wind Sky T Shn Cp Rdt Rs 1 8/16 Tte / Kingsport 1200 B 1-2 1 80 - - - - 2 9/1 T 7 Rog Kyles Fd FT 2401 NW 1-2 2 68 - - - - 3 5 T 5 Rog Kyles Fd FT 2401 SE 0-3 5 65 - - - - 4 10 Fm 3 Mendota Fire Tower 3018 3-5 5 - - - - - 5 13 G 3 Head River rocks 2100 - 1 1 4 - 6 13 L 6 Wnite Oak Mt FT - S l-WSW 1-3 2 72 1 5 - 7 13 - - Roan Kt Nat Rally 6000 - 1 - - - - 6 13 A;v 5 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 s-5 - 60 - - - - 9 13 Tt 8 Rog Kyles Ford FT 2401 NE-l 2 60 1 _ 2 - 10 13 QS 9 Mend Ota Fire Towr 3018 2-3 2 55 1 - 3 - 11 14 w 8 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 0-2 SE 2 66 - - - - 12 14 TNt 8 Rog Kyles Ford FT 2401 0-3 SE 1 60 3 - 1 - 13 14 F14 8)^ Mend Ota Fire Towr 3018 - 1 - 1 2 1 - 14 14 E 2 Nickelsville Va - - - - - - - - 18 15 G 4)2 Head River rocks 2100 - - - 2 1 - 16 15 W 7 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 SE 0-3 5 68 - - - - 17 15 T 9 Rog Kyles Fd FT 2401 SE 0-4 5 62 - - 6 - 18 15 CEF 4 Mendota Fire Tower 3018 SE 3-6 V 62 - - - _ 19 15 E 1 Nickelsville Va - - 0 70 - - - - 20 16 G 2 Head River rocks 2100 - - - 2 - - - 21 16 W 7)i 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 E 0-1 4 - - - - - 22 16 F 2, Mendota Fire Tower 3018 V 0-1 4 - - - - - 23 - D 9 Dunlap Fire Tower 2240 - - - 2 1 3 - 24 18 W 6 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 V 0-2 5 67 - - - - 23 18 L 4 Missionary Ridge - W 0-1 3 72 - - - 2 2b 19 G D-2 Head River rocks 2100 27 19 L 5 White Cek Mt FT 1425 S-.'j 1-3 2 72 4 1 5 - 28 19 W 7 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 SE 0-2 3 74 - - 1 _ 29 19 F 6 Rog Kyles Fd FT 2401 W 0-6 3 2 1 2 - 30 19 19 2)2 Mendota Fire Tower 3018 S 3 72 - - - - 31 - D 8 Dunlap Fire Tower 2240 _ - 3 1 5 - 32 20 G 2 Head River rocks 2100 33 20 K 9 Signal Point - SW-N 2-4 4 77 2 - 2 - 34 20 W 7 7mi N of Crossvl 1860 - 5 65 55 20 35 6 Avondale Fire Tower 2485 SE 3-6 5 65 4 8 - - 36 20 T 7)i .Rog Kyles Ford FT 2401 S-v 0-3 4 67 11 - 4 - 37 20 Y 7)i Holston Mt Radar 4332 S 4 65 - 1 1 - 38 20 38 6 Mendota Fire Tower 3018 - 4 - 8 4 - - 39 20 E - Copper Ridge 2200 40 20 Z - Copper Ridge 2100 41 21 G 4 Lookout Mt Hi Pt 2392 42 21 K 8 Signal Point 1972 S-SW 3 0 - - - 2 - 43 21 W 6 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 V 1 - 1 - “ 44 21 U - Look Rock, Foothills Parkway ^5 21 35 5 Avondale Fire Tower 2485 NW 2-5 1 72 3 1 1 - 46 21 TtN 8)^ Rog Kyles Ford FT 2401 N-W 0-2 1 66 7 1 4 - 47 21 RX 4 Meadow Creek Tower 2875 - - - - - 1 - 48 21 C 3 Holston Mt Radar 4332 _ 1 70 49 21 F 9/ Mendota Fire Tower 3018 SW 0-3 2 70 3 - - 50 22 B 4 Look Rock, Fthls Pkwy NW-W 5-6 5 50 - - - - 51 22 T 2 Rog Kyles Ford Tower NE 3-5 5 60 52 22 Fb 2 Mendota Fire Tower 3018 - 5 - - - - - 53 24 T 8 Rog Kyles Ford PT 2401 N';/ 2-3 4 60 9 1 1 - 5^ 24 F 472 Mendota Fire Tov/er 3018 S 0-6 4 72 - - - - 55 25 B 3 Look Rock - NW 5-2 1 65 - - _ - 56 25 T 8 Rog Kyles Ford FT 2401 S-v 0-^ 1 2 60 19 1 4 - 57 25 P57 Mendota Fire Tower 3018 ssE 0-; 1 2 63 6 1 - 58 26 I 1 Chattanooga 700 N 2 5 59 - - - - 59 26 L 1 White Oak (from below) 0 5 65 - - _ " 60 26 M 4 Rockwood Fire Towr 2040 - 5 55 12 - - - 61 26 Fc 5 Mendota Fire Tower 3018 S 0-1 5 63 - 1 1 - 62 27 G 3 Head River rocks 2100 - - - 1 - - - 63 27 0 1 Collegedale Gap 850 NE 0-3 5 50 - - - - 64 27 K 8 Signal Point 1972 NNE 3-4 1 65 - 1 4 - 65 27 L 7 White Oak FT 1425 NNE 3-6 5 50 2 3 6 - 66 27 W 7)i 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 NE 0-1 4 55 - - 1 _ 67 27 PJ 2 Rockwood Fire Towr 2040 NE 2 3 52 1 - 3 - 68 27 B 3 Look Rock W 4 3 63 - - - - 69 27 T 8 Rog Kyles Ford FT 2401 N 0-5 5 58 11 - 3 " 70 27 0 4 Holston Mt Radar 4332 S breeze 60 1 1 - 71 27 F71 8 Mendota Fire Tower 3016 N 0-5 4 5^ 5 4 - - 72 28 G 3)^ Lookout Mt Hi Pt 2392 - - - 3 2 “ “ 73 28 K 8 Signal Point 1972 V 0-2 4 65 5 1 4 2 74 28 74 1 Lookout Mt Tenn NE 0-2 0 60 - - - - 75 28 W 7 7 mi N of Crossvl 1660 E&SE0-2 2 66 1 - - - 76 28 76Fb 5 ■Mendota Fire Tower 3018 S 0-3 0 57 2 1 1 " 77 29 G IK Lookout Mt Hi Pt 2392 78 29 W 6 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 SSE 0-3 1 70 - - - - 79 29 R 3 Meadow Creek FT 2875 v light 2 65 - - - " 60 30 H 5 Fall Creek Falls 1800 - - - - - " 81 30 W 8 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 SE 0-1 2 72 “ 2 - - 82 30 P 3)^ Rockwood Fire Towr 2040 SW 0-1 0 60 - - “ 83 10/1 N }i 7 mi E of Gatlinburg 84 2 G l)i Head River rocks 2100 - - — 1 - 1 - 85 2 G 2 7 mi N of Crossvl 1860 V 0-3 0 52 Bdwg KH Osp AK Others 30 - - - - - - 9 - - _ _ _ _ 0 - - - - _ _ 8 1 ~ _ 200 - - 2 - - - 112 - - 1 - - - 20 - - - - - - 179 - 1 - 3b - f 196 1 2 - - b - 4-24 - - 1 - - - 400 - - - - b - 204 - 1 - - - 4u 336 - 1 2 - - u 497 - - - - - - 81 - 1 - - - u 43 - - - - - u 21 - - - - - 2u 27 - - - - - - 154 - - - - - - 38 - - - 8 2b u 6 - - - - - _ 104 - - - _ _ _ 62 - - 1 2b - - 0 - - - - - _ 0 - - - _ _ _ 44 - - - 2b - - 112 - - 1 - - - 52 - - - - - u 5 - - - 3 b- 115 - - - - - - 50 1 - - - - - 8 2 - - 3 b- 12 - - - - _ - 189 - - 2 - - - 136 - - - - - 6 21 1 - - - - - 265 2 - - - - - 47 - - - - - - 150 - - - - - - 239 1 -- 23 b- 1 1 _ _ „ _ _ 554 _ _ _ _ b f 361 - - - - - - 5 - - 1 - - - 446 - - ~ a b 4u 20 - - 3 - - - 1319 _ _ _ _ b - 5 307 2 - - - - 5u 113 - - - - u 131 4 - - 3 u 926 - 1 - 33 - 5-u 360 - - 2 43 - 2u 500 257 269 - - - 33 Rflg 524 1 - _ u 57 2 - 3 2b - 2000 2 - 1 - 1027 1 3 1 - _ 925 - - - 93 b 8u 680 _ 1 - - _ _ - - - 2a - 20 - 1 - - 357 - - - - u 34 - 2 - 3 - 48 - - Peregrine d* 2 - - - 4a b u 35 343 - 1 1 53 4b 4f 5 26 - - - - b - 252 - - - 3b 7f 3u 7 - - 2 2 large u 55 2 _ - _ - 98 - 1 a 2b 2f 2 - _ - 5a 75 103 - - - - u [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 27 86 4- ; PV 4 Rockwood Fire Towr 2040 sw 2 1 52 5 5 1 - 87 4 ( Jm 5 Holston Mt Radar 4223 - - 1 - - - - - 88 5 G 2/ Lookout Mt Hi Pt 2592 - - - - 3 1 1 - 89 5 F 3 Mend Ota Fire Tower 3018 SE 5-3 5 52 90 6 F 5)^ Mendota Fire Tower 3018 V 0-4 2 65 5 1 4 2 91 21 G 2/ Head River rocks 2100 - - - - - - 1 - 92 22 G U Lookout Mt Hi Ft 2393 - - - - 1 - 4 - 93 25 G l)i Lookout Mt Hi Fd; 2393 - “ - - - - - 94 50 G l)i Head River rocks 2100 - - - _ - - 6 2 95 51 G U Head River rocks 2100 - - - - 1 - 8 - 96 11/8 G Lookout Mt Hi FI; 2593 11 - 97 11/1 T 6 Rog Kyles Ford FT 2401 NW 0-3 0 55 - - 7 - 98 11/12 ( 1 Head River rocks 2100 - - - - 10 2 - - - A-a b u - 5 - - 2a b llu 5 - - - 3 - - - 2 - - 2a - f -51- - 1 - - 1 - - 3 b - - - - 1 - - 1 years in the early sixties when Oliver Irwin was contributing data from Memphis. Gary Bayne added 3 5 to the Red-tail count from short watches on Lookout Mountain, Ga., late in the season. It could become our first good station for studying the migration of the Red-tailed Hawk. The Marsh Hawk total was 3 3, also more than double the T.O.S. average for the previous five years. It was an outstanding Marsh Hawk year for nearly all stations reporting to HMANA. We had 21 Ospreys. This beautiful bird began flying by lookout stations in record numbers around 1970, when it should have been disappearing because of widespread nesting failures from egg fragility considered to be an effect of insecticides in the adult birds. For several years now, however. Osprey counts have been subsiding at many stations. The effect can be seen in the Osprey data in Table 2. The Tennessee Ornithological Society hawk-migration project is dominated by Broad-winged Hawks. A year when the other species constitute three percent of the data is a rare occurrence. When we speculate on the changes in counts of the other species, our sample size seems small. But the Sharp-shin, Marsh Hawk, and Osprey numbers do seem to be rising and falling like those in the large counts in the Northern Appalachian Region. Although our counts of other hawks are relatively small, our counts of Broad-wings, compare well with Hawk Mt., Montclair, Raccoon Ridge, Hook Mt., etc. The really large counts of Broad-wings, up to 70,000 in one day, have been compiled along the north shores of the Great Lakes. The T.O.S. totals are combinations of data from many lookouts, and no single lookout grinds out big numbers every year. TABLE 2 SEVEN YEARS OF T.O.S. HAWK TOTALS Year Hrs SS CH RT RS Biu MH Os AK 1975 422 158 54 125^ 7 16610 33 21 17 1974 369 62 32 81 10 23 564 16 19 34 1973 316 61 25 75 18 20370 14 28 6 1972 337 104 35 93 10 1 5057 25 36 26 1971 250 68 34 45 12 1 3452 11 28 19 1970 180 81 16 47 7 16598 10 23 7 1969 249 14 9 36 7 4215 1 7 13 [VoL. 47, 1976] 28 THE MIGRANT JUNE Our hawk watch is different. The fact that we observe at so many places with different characteristics — our wide range of altitudes, for example — gives us an advantage in the interpretation of weather effects. KEY TO REPORTERS A — Adele West; B — Bill and Irene Williams; C — Charlotte Finucane; D — Daniel Jacobson; E — Eugene Scott; F — Tom Finucane; G — Gary Bayne; H — Mary Shafer; I — Janet Phillips; J — J. B. Owen; K — Ken Dubke; L — Lil Dubke; M — Mary Jane and Boyd Sharp; N — Susan Mengel; O — ^Gertrude Fleming; P — Boyd Sharp; Q — Bob Quillen; R — Royal and Helen Spees; S — Arthur Smith; T — Tom Odom; U — David Highbough; V — Gary Muffly; W — Gene West; X — Margaret and King Gaut, Mealer Mathiesen; Y — Glen Eller, Gary Wallace; Z — Homer and Garland Osborne; b^ — Barney Finucane; c — Cliff Coney; e — Ethyl Odom; m — Marion Finucane; t — Tom Odom III; 14 — Bob Quillen, m, b, Grade Finucane, Roy and Hattie Allen, Jim Price, Alan Cook, Jim Gilland; 19 — C, Max Carpenter, Dennis Martin, Gary Spires, Wallace Coffey; 3 5 — Grade, Joe, Dick Finucane, Jeff Dawson; 3 8 — Bob Quillen, Jim Price, Fred Alsop with 11 students, Eleanor and John Knapp with a party of 10, Pete Range and family, Mark Buckner and his grandfather; 57 — Bob Quillen, Rick Phillips, Tom Green and wife, Richard Craven, Max and John Muller; 71 — Lee and Lois Herndon, John and Caroline Martin, Mike Abbot; 74 — Harvey Wilkerson. BEAUFORT WIND SCALE 0 — less than 1 mph; 1 — 1 to 3 mph; 2 — 4 to 7 mph; 3 — 8 to 12 mph; 4 — 13 to 18 mph; 5 — 19 to 24 mph; 6 — 2 5 to 31 mph. SKY CODE 0 — no clouds; 1 — generally fair, with no long periods in shadow; 2 — partly cloudy; 3 — mostly cloudy; 4 — light overcast; 5 — heavy overcast, heavy fog, or rain. [VoL. 47, 1976] J 1976 THE MIGRANT 29 THE HISTORY OF AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY (A Sketch for the Bicentennial Year) Ann T. Tarbell Surely those were birds flying over the endless ocean! And birds meant land! A weary Columbus sailed on, and on 12 October, 1492, his landfall in the West Indies marked the discovery of the New World. The master navi- gator displayed brilliant bird skins and exotic parrots to Ferdinand and Isabella, and in subsequent years the Spanish galleons brought back not only treasures of gold and jewels, but unfamiliar plants and animals and scores of travellers’ tales to quicken the interest of the Old World. Only a few accounts were valuable as natural history and those were mostly on flora. Ponce de Leon, finding "the Flowery Land” in 013 noted the bright parrakeets, and the important work. Natural History of the West Indies, by the Spaniard Oviedo in 1526 contained many first hand observations on birds. Meanwhile, in the northern seas the French navigators were reporting. Jacques Cartier in 1 545 described the incredible, raucous hordes of sea birds on the "Bird Rocks” of the Canadian shores and that fine naturalist-explorer, Samuel de Champlain, kept accurate diaries (1603-1635) describing the Black Skimmer, Wild Turkey, thousands of wild pigeons, and other land and water birds. Jacques Le Moyne of the French Huguenot colony in Florida and South Carolina, was our first zoological artist in 1 562, and Denis of Arcadia published on America’s coastal natural history in 1672. Sir Walter Raleigh’s Lost Colony of Roanoke, 1 5 8 5, left a valuable legacy: John White’s numerous water colors of Virginia birds — Blue Jay, Towhee, Bluebird, and others — and John Hariot’s Report listing 86 birds, a fine count. In 1662 the Royal Society of London was chartered and this company of natural philosophers greatly stimulated the development of all sciences in America through its patronage and its Colonial Fellows. Their correspondence and specimens provided an enormous body of first-hand observation and ma- terial for study and publication on both sides of the Atlantic. Of interest is the fascination exerted on all early observers, Spanish, French, and English, by 3 New World birds: the eagle for its size, the handsome "Tur- kie,” and the "Hum-bird.” That midget with its ruby throat, was it a cross be- tween a fly and a bird, a beetle and a bird? Even his Majesty, Charles II, marvelled at the tiny nest and eggs carefully dispatched from Massachusetts Bay by John Winthrop, Jr. in 1670. Mark Catesby had no equal in organized study of America’s wilderness; coming from England in 1712 well sponsored by scientists of the Royal So- ciety and friends, he studied, collected, sketched, and painted the flora, fauna, and topography of southern regions. He has received deserved recognition for his beautiful and "noble work,” Natural History of North Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands, completed in 1747. His finest contributions were in ornithology and his book remains a classic; he is remembered as the "Founder of American Ornithology.” [VoL. 47, 1976] 30 THE MIGRANT JUNE Pioneer American scientists included an eminent group in Philadelphia among whom were John Bartram, botanist, and his son, William, 1739-1823, the Florida Traveller, whose list of 215 native birds was the most complete until Wilson’s work. Lewis’ and Clark’s Expedition to the Pacific in 1803-1806 followed re- markable instructions for field observations and recording given by President Jefferson, a talented natural historian himself, and kindled great enthusiasm for science in the new republic. Lewis, a careful observer, described about 5 3 western birds, many new, and among them the two which were to com- memorate the explorers, Clark’s Nutcracker and Lewis’ Woodpecker. The next impressive American work was the American Ornithology pub- lished 1808-1814 by Alexander Wilson. Self-taught, devoid of native artistic ability but driven by his goal and encouraged by Bartram, this former ScotTsh weaver and poet collected east of the Mississippi, meeting Audubon in Louis- ville naming the Nashville Warbler in Tennessee in 1810, soliciting subscrip- tions. His birds although poorly drawn and colored are memorable, and his accurate and charming observations and great compilation of 245 species have entitled him the "Father of American Ornithology.” Field naturalists pushing farther west were the eccentric Thomas Nuttall, who explored alone the Missouri Basin and the Ozarks (1809-1820) and ac- companied John K. Townsend to the Pacific Northwest in 1834; Charles Lucien Bonapart, nephew of Emperor Napoleon, and one of our greatest ornithologists, who published his American Ornithology, a continuation of Wilson’s, in 1828; William Cooper of New York and Thomas Say of Philadelphia, all collecting, classifying, and publishing with enthusiasm. The beauty and wealth of America’s bird life was revealed by John James Audubon’s magnificant, life-size aquatints in the Elephant Folio (1827-183 8). The second edition, completed in 1844, adding birds from the Northwest and from Audubon’s trips to Labrador and the Missouri depicted almost 5 00 birds and included the text of his Ornithological Biography and the plates as The Birds of America. Many people had helped, his wife, Lucy, and two sons; his best friend, naturalist John Bachman, William MacGillivray who collaborated on the text; and eager young men, Richard Harlan, Edward Harris, Isaac Sprague, Thomas Brewer, Thomas Lincoln, John Bell, and others. The romantic story of Audubon’s life and the magnificence of his work have made him an almost legendary figure. Meantime the West was opening up, as trappers, traders, explorers, artists, and emigrants thronged the wilderness. Dr. William Gambel was the first bird- man down the Santa Fe trail in 1841, collecting in the Southwest and Cali- fornia, and in the next 3 decades, the West was criss-crossed by hundreds of expeditions. Crack survey teams from the Army Corps of Engineers ran the Mexican boundaries, settled by 18 54, and surveyed routes for the Pacific rail- roads. Expeditions fought Indians, established Army posts, protected covered wagon roads and mapped the land. With every government force went field naturalists, organized and directed by the brilliant Spencer Fullerton Baird, friend of Audubon and second Secretary of the Smithsonian, intent on record- ing the splendor of the flora, fauna, and topography of pristine America. For years the birdmen, many of them Army doctors and including Abert, Xantus, [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 31 Coues, Mearns, Maynard, McCown, Heerman, Bendire, Henshaw, Ridgeway, and others, toiled through mountains, deserts, and plains, forwarding specimens to the National Museum and building its fabulous collections. From the many illustrated volumes of the railroad surveys, Baird, with the assistance of taxonomists John Cassin and George Lawrence, had printed The Birds of North America (1858), a landmark publication, and Dr. Elliott Coues and Robert Ridgeway developed into the century’s leading ornithologists pub- lishing the great Key to North American Birds (1872) and Ornithology (1877), respectively. Thirty years of bone-cracking expeditions in Canada’s arctic (1819-1849) by British explorers, Richardson, Ross, and Franklin, revealed boreal birds — owls, grouse, partridges, and the myriads of summering waterfowl and song- birds. Young John Kennicott and his crew struggled from Puget Sound to the foggy Bering Straits compiling montane species and the white hordes of nesting oceanic birds (1864-1866), and Edward Nelson later studied the teeming shorebirds of Alaska’s tundra. By 1880 most of America’s birds were compiled and the great centers of zoological research, the eastern Museums in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Washington, bulged with skins and egg collections to be classified and re- classified. The remaining proper names (and numerous "old-time” ones) of species which commemorate these early naturalists — Wilson’s Warbler, Baird’s Sandpiper, and so many others — lend color and historical interest to the study of American birdlife. Ornithological societies were formed to promote research: the Nuttall in Cambridge (1873) by the brilliant and winning William Brewster; the Wilson (1888) in the mid-west; the Cooper (1893) in California; and the most im- portant, the American Ornithologists’ Union ( 1883 ), publisher of the At^k and of checklists begun in 1886. Intensive regional studies increased and Lt. Bendire comenced the valuable Life Histories (1892-1895) to be continued later by A. C. Bent. The powerful Biological Survey of the U. S. Department of Agriculture (1886), headed by C. Hart Merriam, originator of the life-zone concept, di- rected much national wildlife research. Thousands of studies on birds’ foods were made and A. K. Fisher’s valuable report on Food of Hawks and Owls (1888) demonstrated for the first time the beneficial role of raptors. The protectionist movement was stirring as ornithologists, appalled by the massive slaughter for market and millinery trade — countless thousands of shore- birds, terns, gulls, egrets, and songbirds decorating ladies’ bonnets — foresaw extinction of many species and endeavored to secure strong laws. John Bur- roughs, first popular nature writer, by his influential Wake Robin (1871), opened sympathetic eyes to the public’s feathered friends and other popular writers followed. George Bird Grinnell, editor of Forest and Stream, a powerful force for conservation, founded the first Audubon movement in 18 86 which thousands of school children and adults joined and which spread rapidly. Schools celebrated "Bird Day” museums, societies, lecturers, and newspapers worked to educate the public and Frank Chapman published the first popular Handbook of Birds of Eastern North America (1895) and started the maga- [VoL. 47, 1976] 32 THE MIGRANT JUNE zine, Bird Lore, in 1899. America’s bird life was well compiled, but the flight to preserve it was just beginning. The twentieth century opened on an encouraging note with the passage of the Lacey Act by Congress in 1900 which prohibited interstate commerce in game and feathers, and thus enabled the states to enforce their many protective laws. Desperate and unceasing labor for years more was needed to save the world’s dwindling and persecuted bird life; over 60 species were endangered. President Theodore Roosevelt, well remembered for his influential role in con- servation, acting to save Brown Pelicans nesting in Florida created the first National Wildlife Refuge in 1903. The National Audubon Society, reactivated in 1905 by William Dutcher, manned Florida sanctuaries to fight the plume hunters of this multimillion dollar world trade. Due largely to the efforts of T. Gilbert Pearson of the A. O. U., William Hornaday and a public shocked by the murder of Audubon wardern, Guy Bradley, by plume hunters, the basic protective law, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, was enacted by Congress in 1918 and since then has slowly been effectively broadened to protect almost all of the 8 50-odd species in North America. It is thanks to these state and federal laws regulating protection, hunting, and management that we can still enjoy our beautiful varied bird life, much of it earlier doomed to almost cer- tain extinction, the fate of the Great Auk, Labrador Duck, Heath Hen, Passenger Pigeon, and Carolina and Louisiana Paroquets. Vigilance and public education are constantly needed, as shown by the tragic slaughter of raptors, unprotected for decades, their plight publicized by the establishment of Hawk Mountain Sanctuary in 1934 and by recent killings of eagles. Frank Chapman wrote of this century "that it is our knowledge of living rather than dead birds which has increased.” Although much work still in- volved classification and description of valuable museum collections, witness the continuing revision of the North American check list by the A. O. U. and the 15-volume Chek-lht of Birds of the World now being completed by Ernst Mayr of Harvard, interest was turning to the study of the ecological niche and the life processes of the bird. The centers of knowledge in the early decades were still in the museums, the most influential being the wealthy Museum of American History in New York with its remarkable staff, Frank M. Chapman, educator and ornithologist extraordinary; J. A. Allen, biographer; Robert Cushman Murphy, authority on sea birds; and others. The U. S. National Museum claimed the scholarly Robert Ridgway, Alexander Wetmore, and S. Dillon Ripley, and distinguished work was done elsewhere around the country. The Museums have launched numerous field expeditions to foreign lands and oceans and American ornithologists have become experts on exotic birds. Other institutions were gaining prestige. Cornell was the first university to appoint a professor of ornithology, A. A. Allen, in 1915, and on the West Coast Joseph Grinnell directed graduate work at about the same time at U. California. Now over 5 0 universities give Ph.D. degrees in this field — Michi- gan, Yale, Kansas, U.T. L.S.U., F.S.U., and others. The Special Laboratory of Ornithology at Cornell, Sapsucker Woods, was established in 1957. Much very technical research work using sophisticated equipment for studies in migration, physiology, behavior, taxonomy, and ecology is now performed in indoor lab- oratories. Departments of wildlife biology doing research are operated by state [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 33 and federal agencies and significant work is done in National Parks and in the more than 3 50 federal refuges of over 30 million acres. Major new tools of investigation are photography, first developed by Chap- man and invaluable in life history; bird-banding and color marking, supplying data on millions of birds; radar for monitoring migration; sound recordings for song studies; improved optical equipment and statistical methods. Audubon Christmas Counts, started by Chapman in 1900, federal censuses, and data from established field stations supply field information. A perfect flood of publications, scientific works, journals of all levels, excellent state bird books, and popular literature, not only has served to dis- seminate scientific knowledge, but has activated amateur interest to an un- precedented degree. Artists (Fuertes, Peterson, Sutton, Harm, Coheleach, and others) , photographers, and lecturers have been influential, state societies have been productive, and R. T. Peterson’s and C. Robbins’ handbooks have been of immeasurable consequence. The interest and work of amateurs in ornithology, mostly in field work and conservation, have contributed much, and ornithological societies have served to tie together the professional scientist and the bird-watcher to create an epoch of unparalleled knowledge, enthusiasm, and concern for America’s bird life. KEY BIBLIOGRAPHY Allen, Elsa G., 1951. The history of American Ornithology before Audubon, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., n.s., 41, pp. 457 ff. Allen, T. B., 1974. Vanishing Wildlife of North America, National Geo- graphic Society, Washington. Chapman, F. M., 1933. Autobiography of a Bird-Lover, Appleton-Century, N. Y. Collins, H. H. Jr. 1961. The Bird Watcher’s Quiz Book, Harper, N. Y., pp. 69 and 74. CuTRiGHT, P. R., 1969. Lewis and Clark: Pioneering Naturalists, U. of 111. Press. In particular pp. 429-4,3 8. Eifert, Virginia S., 1962. Men, Birds, and Adventure, Dodd Mead, N. Y. Gruson, E. S., 1972. Words for Birds, Quadrangle Books, N. Y. Times. Stearns, R. P., 1970. Science in the British Colonies of America, U. of 111. Press. Stefferud, a.. Editor, 1966. Birds in Our Lives, U. S. Govt. Printing Office. Informative collection by well-known birders. Stresemann, E. 1975. Ornithology from Aristotle to the Present. In particu- lar, the Epilogue: Materials for a History of American Ornithology, pp. 365 ff. by Ernst Mayr. Harvard U. Press. A comprehensive bibliography. 6033 Sherwood Drive, Nashville 37215. [VoL. 47, 1976] 34 THE MIGRANT JUNE THE 1975 CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNTS Morris D. Williams This year’s total of 132 species on the counts across the state ties the 1972 total for the second highest count ever. However, the total number of indi- ' vidual birds was low this year. The total of approximately five million birds is ' only one-third of last year’s total. Fewer reports of large numbers of Starlings and Icterids were received this year. j Three species appear for the first time on the Tennessee Christmas Counts; they are: Western Grebe, Surf Scoter, and Cape May Warbler. This brings the total number of species recorded on the Christmas Counts to about 187. |' I have several requests to make of local compilers in order to make the state counts more accurate and complete. All unusual species reports should be ac- ' companied by supporting details. These details should be prepared by the original observer as soon as possible after the observation is made. I am sometimes asked, "How does the observer know which species need to be supported by notes?” In general, if the observer does not know that a particular species is unusual, that is sufficient grounds for doubting the record, and the local compiler should delete the record if the observer can not provide convincing details. Including notes with an observation does not always insure that the observation will appear in the tabulation. I am sometimes not convinced that a species can be unquestion- ably identified in the field under certain conditions. However, since I could be wrong in my decision to delete a species, these deletions are included in the section with information on the counts. Two species that I frequently have doubts about are the Scaup Ducks. We should report these as "Scaup Sp.” unless we can give good evidence for ascribing them to the Greater or Lesser species. Several errors recur in the reports that I receive. Species lists should be sub- mitted in A.O.U. order. The new field lists prepared by TWRA and TOS show the correct order, and these lists are ideal for submitting reports. If these lists are not used, use proper English names. One report this year listed "Common Grebe.” Take care to report all of the birds found during the count. Common species such as Eastern Meadowlarks are sometimes not reported. List the par- ticipants in alphabetical order, taking care to spell names correctly. I think it would be a good idea to ask someone who is familiar with birds and the par- ticipants in a count to proof read counts before submitting them. Finally I would ask compilers to send in their counts as soon as possible after the count. This year, I had begun to receive Spring Counts before all of the Christmas | Counts were received. I appreciate the efforts of local compilers to get their completed reports sub- , mitted on time. I realize that their job is difficult and time consuming. INFORMATION OF THE COUNTS MEMPHIS — 21 Dec.; 06:45 to 16:45; mostly to partly cloudy; tern. 34° to 39°; wind, N, 10-15 mph; 27 observers in 12 parties; 66 party-hours (48 on foot, 18 by car); 156 party-miles ( 5 5 on foot, 101 by car). David R. Brown, Mr. and Mrs. Ed Carpeiter, Lula and Ben B. Coffey, Jr. (compilers — 672 N. Belvedere, Memphis 3 8107), Julian Darlington, Fred [VoL. 47, 1976] j ■ ‘i THE 1975 CHRISTMAS EIRE) COUNTS 1976 THE MIGRANT 35 1 tn M CO 1 ^ 1 lA 1 1 o lAft 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ft 1 1 1 cDft 1 1 1 1 CD 1 O [N 1 ^ 4- 1 1 1 rH 1 1 1 ft ft •H 1 1 1 LA ft 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O rA 1 1 1 1 1 1 CM CM m OJ 1 o t 1 i 1 c CM 1 LA 1 1 LA 1 1 1 o , 1 rA 1 la 1 1 ft 4- 1 1 1 1 ft rH CM 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 4- •H I rH 1 ft 1 1 1 1 CO ft 1 1 1 1 1 1 CA 1 1 O 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 ft b] bDC\J 1 1 1 4^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 rH r-1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4- rA d 1 1 ft 1 1 1 rA LA 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 rA ft 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 •H W ey 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 CM 1 ft rArH 1 1 1 1 ft 1 (D 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 U c5 g 1 1 ] 1 1 1 1 ■-H 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 ft 1 1 1 1 11 I 1 I 1 1 rH 1 1 ft CM 03 c5 « CM .H 1 Cl 1 CJ' CO 1 ft CM CT' 1 1 1 CM 1 rAC04- 1 1 ft rA 1 1 1 ft rA 1 CM ft 1 1 1 4- 1 1 1 rH 1 1 IN 1 o 1 rft 1 tA o- 1 ft CM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ft 1 1 1 1 a o5 1 1 ;t CO C3 o 1 ft <1 O ft 1 1 4- 1 1 1 CD 1 1 1 1 O- 1 1 1 CM 1 1 1 ft ft 1 CD 1 1 1 1 4- 1 ^ 1 1 1 ft lA rACM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CM 1 1 1 CM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ft lA rA •P 1 C 1 (AJ dA 1 CA CO CM I 1 1 1 1 LA 1 !>- 1 LArACO 1 1 1 1 O 1 1 1 1 CM CM CACM 1 1 1 1 1 CM 1 cd 1 IT\ I CA 1 CM ft 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4- O 1 1 1 1 ft 1 1 1 1 rH 1 1 1 1 1 CM 1 ft O M 1 1 1 ft 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o 1 1 1 1 1 OJCM 1 1 1 1 1 1 CA 1 o t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o o O OJ O 1 O 1 C 00 1 4- CM fACM ! ft 4- 1 1 O ft r^'- 4- CM CM CD 1 1 4 LA 1 1 O 1 1 1 rA 1 1 1 1 00 1 fl O 1 ^ 1 1 KA 1 ft 1 1 1 ft C^tA rH 1 1 1 1 cD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 rH j a C\J cd 1 1 1 rvj 1 o 1 LA 1 !> 1 1 O LA 1 O O I O 1 1 lilt 1 1 1 1 1 1 CM 1 1 1 LA 1 1 1 ! OJ 1 ^ 1 ,Q 1 ft 1 1 C 1 1 1X7' LALA 1 LA 1 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 ft 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0) ft 4^ ft ft CM 1 1 CM LD rH rH H 00 1 43 1 OJ 1 rA CO A- ft ft rA.ft 1 CM 1 1 1 1 1 i ^ 1 1 LA 1 CM 1 03 < CM J-l 1 C\J 1 CA 1 1 1 1 1 CO ft 4 1 CM ft 1 I 1 1 rA rH 1 CO ft CM I — 1 rH ftCA 1 1 1 CM 1 1 I fA rH 1 1 1 fA 1 ^ 1 3 1 1 ft 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 rH 1 1 (t! d 1 1 1 C 1 to 1 O 1 lD 4- vD 1 1 1 CD 1 rA 1 O tA 1 CM ft 1 1 I 1 1 1 r^, 1 ft 1 1 tALAct CM 1 1 fA 1 LA 1 nJ 1 1 c 1 ft 1 1 CD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O 03 1 Lft 1 <7^ 1 o 1 s: 1 s O O CM 1 O ft 1 ft S CM 1 1 1 CM 1 1 1 ft LA 1 1 1 ft 1 1 CM 1 1 1 1 rH 1 CM 1 > 1 1 fO, 1 LA 1 o O LAft CM 1 4- 1 LA 1 1 1 CM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o CM CO o CM Td 1 j 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 [A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 LA 1 d 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ft 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^ 1 1 ft i cj- ^ 4- 1 s s s o s LA O 1 OCAO I 1 1 s o lA 1 [>-rA 1 1 cD LArACM rH fA 1 CO 1 0) 1 1 ft 1 lAct o LAOJ o OJ CM LTNOJ LAO 00 o 1 CO CO 1 1 1 OJ rA 1 1 1 CM LA <13 o- . . lD • rA • LX) . CM OJ tAOJ ft CM CM r-H ft 1 1 1 CM 1 1 1 rH LOCO CM 1 ! 1 1 1 CM CO 1 tOc CM 1 CM 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CM I 1 OJ 1 1 1 e 1 I 1 1 1 1 4- CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 tOc 1 1 1 1 1 1 (D on ebe rebe ed Grebe Cormorant e Heron ight Heron ose 0) ged Teal ed Teal d 03 d ft 0 03 03 !> hD 0 ft 4d :3co 0 d Q 0) caup aup Ideneye d ged Scoter er k rganser rganser erganser Iture ture nned Hawk Hawk d Hawk awk . Hawk gle 1 — 1 03 d 43 03 CO to 03 d 03 44 WO O d c5 ft dS o CO 0 d bO X oco 0 0 cd d 43 0 03 03 s: d ft ft 0) rrj hO CO ft 3 d c5 ft • ft C*3 0 d ft d d d 0 0 CO C5 03 3 ft 0 d e: s: > d 4d 0) rH CO • ‘rl • rH cda cd d -d d 43 O d (d U • — 1 tH i 3 0 03 pq cd a to 03 d d 03 d 1 CO 7d d d As 1 d cd a 1 d CD As 0 Td O (13 03 1 1 43 O ^d c? d cd d 1 ft 4d 03 1 d 43 03 0 ft cd 03 As 03 0 40 03 44 ft 03 43 to 4d 03 4d 03 ft 03 e d 43 -d • cd 1 cd 5 rH 0 5 43 0) 03 d 43 7:3 ^ b,0 > cd Cd a Cm 03 CO a ch to 43 d Td B 1 44 0 d ft 1 1 ho-d nd to d d ft B d W 03 ft 03 • d 0 rH cd -d d 03 d 03 d 0 -d d d -d ft d -d 0 a -d d cd cd 0 -d a d ft r-l d ft 03 ft O O 03 ft 43 d ft cd d d ft cd ft d ft S 0 0 03 •rH d d 03 0 d ft ,d d d 0 0 3 CO a 0 03 d ft 4Pl 0 03 03 0 0 Cd Cd to E d pqs: 0 -4 a O a CL, o C3 pq o CO 2: pq fM 0 PQ -4 Cq n: C4 K 0 c5 dl 0 pq 0 pd &4 pq CO 0 « a « c5 [VoL. 47, 1976] 36 THE MIGRAiNT JUNE m o 1 00 4- 1 1 1 1 d- o 1 — 1 cD A 1 00 1 1 d- CD A A 1 d- H o LA 1 1 H 1 rP O CN^ 1 vD 1 00 1 1 A 1 d- •H r^ 1 lA H 1 1 1 1 A CD A 1 CO A 1 rH rH rp 1 d- 1 1 d- 1 CQ H d- 1 1 lA 1 lA 1 1 1 1 1 CD A 1 OJ 1 CO d- O CM 1 O 1 A A 1 CM A A 1 o ACD A , OJ 1 A 1 , o 1 d- •H rH 1 1 4- 1 1 1 1 1 1 A4- 1 rH \ 1 H 1 CM A CO I C5^ AH H 1 d- 1 1 A 1 rH w CM hDM 1 (ACM 1 rA 1 1 1 1 1 AH 1 rH rH 1 Ad- A 00 H A ACM LT\ 1 rH 1 O 1 d- O A 1 ros 1 OJ 1 H 1 1 CM H A d H •H 1 4- CA 1 1 1 1 I 1 CD A 1 ' H 1 1 A 1 ACM H 1 ' 1 CM 1 1 H OJ <1> rH 1 1 [> 1 A 1 1 ■ 1 1 H d- CM ^ , , A AH A 1 1 1 CD , , OJ , CD 1 O CD d- 1 OJ 1 1 00 H 1 (1) 1 1 CM 1 I 1 1 1 1 H A Hill rA O 1 d- d- 1 1 CM 1 j CM 1 U ei H a ^ 1 1 CA 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CM A 1 d- 1 1 H CM CD A 1 CD CO O o 1 CD Ad- d- CD CdcD LA 1 1 A 1 1 CT'H A ^ < ^ 1 S CD d- rA 1 1 CM CO H CO CD 1 CD OJ 1 CD CM A O H AAA rArArH 1 d- 1 H d- AOJ rA 1 1 H H d- ACD o 1 CD H 1 1 A CM CM 1 1 CM A CM H OJ CT- A 1 CM A A 1 d- j cD A d A A CM A CM H H H rt ^ 1 CO 4- 1 CD (ACM CM LA AO H 1 1 t — ! 1 CO d- A d- 1 H H CM rH 1 A 1 00 1 O CD 1 CM I 1 H t O 1 1 O AH 1 H lA 1 rACM H 4- A 1 1 1 1 CM O 1 H 1 1 1 •H d- -P O 1 H H rA H 1 1 1 CO 1 H CM H I A AOO AH Ad- CM 1 I A 1 cD 1 H H ACO C\J 1 H 1 — 1 1 , 00 o o 05 «H 1 H o CM 1 1 1 AA CM CM H H 1 1 cr- CM 1 CT-ACM 1 LA 1 ACM CD O rAH A 1 — 1 1 1 CO CA 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O 1 CM CM 1 CM CM A ACM d- A A , 1 A 1 d- O A 1 1 — 1 LA I LA 1 1 ACM H O 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CD 1 CM CM CM A 1 ACC CM 1 1 1 AH CM o o H O 1 1 (ACO 1 ^ 1 1 AO AO A 1 LTi 1 1 d- CO d 0-1 1 CM A 1 CM 1 A 1 CD H lD 1 I 1 1 1 r^-\ 1 1 O AC30 d 1 1 H rA 1 H 1 1 H rH AH 1 H H 1 CJ^ CO 1 CO CD 1 1 1 d- (C s: H 05 1 1 1 rA 1 rA 1 1 H 1 1 CO ^ CM OJ AH H CM A d- d- A 1 1 CD 1 CD 1 d- A 1 1 1 1 CM d- A 1 1 A A A p 1 1 1 r — II 1 1 1 CM CM H 1 A A 1 00 d- 1 1 1 1 1 1 ft- CM H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 ' H 1 1 H 1 ' A ' A 1 d- CM 1 1 1 1 ‘ ' 1 1 A H >d Lr^ 1 rAO H CM 1 1 CD O ACM CO 1 A 1 CM CD CM A d- ACO ACM 1 rH ^ , OJ 1 d- H CM A CO , LA CTc 1 1 H CD O o 1 LAO 1 1 H A 00 A A 1 I Cvj LA A OJ A 1 A CA CM 1 O CD CD 1 1 A CM •H M CM H CM t— 1 t-H A H f— 1 CP ^ O 1 1 CM 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 Ad- 1 A 1 I lAvD la A 1 ACM H AO d- , 1 CM 00 AH o 1 CO CD A 1 1 AcD ft- tn LP\ 1 1 LA 1 1 1 1 1 1 AA 1 1 rH VX) N~^ A 1 A CM CT' A (M 1 Ad- H rH rP 1 Cft CP d rH rH CM H rH H 00 H d CO 1 rAd- H A 1 1 1 1 1 r-\ f-\C\Uf\ C^tc\0 CNr<^ ACM AH CO 1 o d- 1 A 1 AO H 1 LA 1 ACM A 1 1 CO AS rH ^ 1 O rA 1 1 1 1 1 CO CD CM CM CM CD OJ H A 1 cD d- 1 H l0^ 1 d- 1 1 A CM O A H 1 — 1 O CM H lA 1 4 CM CM d ON 1 OLD 1 A 1 1 I 1 1 AA 1 rH 1 — 1 O H O d- AH CT^ AOO rALAfA, 1 O 1 H vD Ad- 1 ACM 1 1 H CM O d >X) 1 H rH 1 1 1 1 1 1 ACO 1 H d- OJ A A CM' A A 1 d- A 00 1 CM A o CM ft A d CO 1 O CO 1 1 1 1 1 H 1 H O 1 rH , rH rH CM 1 rr\CM CM 1 1 A , O 1 O d- A I , , 1 1 o 1 , d- H d > 1 O 1 1 1 1 1 1 O 1 1 1 CM A 1 H H 1 1 1 1 1 o o CM CM >d CO 1 1 vD 1 CD 1 1 1 1 1 1 ct 1 1 1 1 rHCACA 00 1 AH vD 1 CD 1 1 CO A AO LA 1 COH CD 1 1 CM A A d oj 1 I 1 H 1 1 1 1 1 1 H 1 1 1 rA A 1 p — I H A CM 1 A A H 1 A 1 CM ft- d W H H 1 1 S CO H fAH 1 ACM d- d- d- 1 O ACO A ACO A AH CO AH 1 CO 1 00 O CD H rA 1 rA ] CO 1 1 AcD A d 1 1 rACM CM 00 CM H 1 AH CD OJ CM A rH (A A 1 AcD H 1 rA CD 1 1 CM ft d- d K CM rH CM rH PhOJ vD ft ftft o o ft d d d d d ftft o dft d o o -p 3 d a d 3 d d O H d d o d 5 •H rH 13 . O O d d d • -H • ft d 0) P HP bOH o o Tj • H O O ft r>5« O ft d ft P p P 3 W d ft ft 3 -P d d d CO hO-H d o d 3 ft 0) H • d 3 3 d o5 d 3 ft • o 3 rH rH hOft d •H !>5 o d o d d d ft dft HO o ft ft d ft d ft ft d ft ft d P O -H ft 1 3 P ft •H •H 'H 3 o d -H H -H O A -H •H 1 ft d 0) J !>3 d) d o o 1 H d d ft 3 ! d H d a tn H d bD d ft d d 0) (t5 U ft a d II . d d -p d a e . o -P -P 1 3 U) -P o 1 ft S P rO d d H d add d d d o d d u 0) P H g H ft ft H H 3 w d d a i ft P ft -d ft o a 5 p O O d O d a H a Odd d -H o o o d o p 05 d O -H d d d d o 05 O o o H d 3 ft d pq o ft 3 « p O •p O pq ft 3 pq O ft to s pq ft [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 37 tn K^O I •H iH C\J I iX) CM cq KMTN I C^ I 4- I 00 o t VD O CM iH !S ! CM 0) I u ei a K\i-I S rH ^ 00 CM O I CM I I O O rH I I LAOJ f— I CM ^ 1 r^ I CM I I>-C^CO I I CT'CO rH I CM CD CM I K^CT'^- CM I tN rH CM i-l 4- hT\ LA I 1 I UM I CAIN I oo rH iH s: rAH- fAtA CM 4- CO . CM rH rH I CA CA X I s: rH E LA 1 O CD • CO o s: 1 LA I rH CO I 4- 1 O • CM LA CO 4 1 lArH I CM O O rH 4- I LALA rA I CM 4- CO CJNCD O I CD O CM I 4- rH iH X CACT'CT' I LAIA 4- I CM tA I CN I I LA 1 4- CM CD O I INCAO I CM A CO rH A CMJc I tN rH N LACALT^CO I CD A tA rH O IN CD CD CO CD rH A- CT'CD fA A rH A 4- AS I 4- I • 4- O O A CD O 4- IN4- A A la IN rH rH O CD CD CA.lA rH 4" LA I CD 4" (U LArH I H CD (U rA LA CO A- IN CA CO cD rAcD A CD CD 4- 4- rH O I ! O O LA I I LACD rH 4- CD S A CAtA, •CD rALA I A 4- rH cD I rcN 4- A iH rA A-CAiOJ A O rH A rH CD CD LA 00 rH 4- rArA 0) -P Xi (1> '4 O rH P ^1 P bD 0) •H 4 fl rH 4:1 p O -H bP m (1) p X a q! 3 cfl -H ^IrH a "X x! pq CD EH O . fl • I Ph p Ph fH d o •H 0 hO (U I e P I -d dm . rH p 5 P 3 p in cd d P S d Ph 0 P 0) cd bO d 0) P p bn cC A cd (1) O P cC 3 O P CO O 3 3 0 d P^ O p tD o o d Id 0 P P Ph o AP p Id S a Ph Ph A 3 n3 Id CO Pd Ph 3 3 Ph 1 O 0 • 0 a CO P p d p 3 w 0 P cd o Id X A A K P xi U xi P d p P X 0 '3 P 0 P P^ X 0 cd OP OP p p p 3 X m p^ X p o O op 3 • 3 d b.0 d P W cD d dP- P 0 d d 3 P t>5 0 O 1 P P 3 a p d OT 0 a 0 O 3 d O A a A p o 0 w p O OOP d d o • CD P d x> P A p P 3 hO A 1 d d 0 d P P p 0 3 p d A 0 O d 0 d 3 d 3 > 3 O P O A p A d o p - A P CD p P CO P OTP ro d 0 w p p 3 o IP CO o d 0 d p o 3 d 0 d 0 3 d 0 P A > p a 0 3 3 lA -4 A A CO O 3 d O O d 3 O d 3 O d d A d 3 3 3 CO d P O A 3 d CO W AP d - CO 0 3 bO 0 !>i A d P d 0 CO P d 0 1 A O AP 0 A O W d 0 P 0 0 3 d p P > A p O d d 3 d d A 3 3 3 3 0 O A A O 3 hD d CO CO 3 d O d d O d d O 3 • • d 3 d P A d P d A3 CO O P 3 CO AP I I A CO d P 0 0 CO A 3 p p p e bDP 0P P 3 d A [VoL. 47, 1976] Grand Total Species - 132; *see information on counts; 11=1,000; X=1,000,000. 38 THE MIGRANT JUNE Dickson, Helen and Henry Dinkelspiel, John H. Embury, Frances and Philip Gelwick, Billy C. Grimm, Russell A. Jones, Allan Larrabee, Jerald Ledbetter, Calvin Newman, George Payne, Ernest Restivo, Mary Seaborn, Alice Smith, Arlo and Noreen Smith, Richard G. Taylor, Martha Waldron, Wade Waller, Bobby Whittemore, Wendell L. Whittemore. The Snow Goose was a blue form. The female Cape May Warbler had been present several weeks, seen by Mrs. EC, BBC, and others. Marsh Wren and Le- Conte’s Sparrow seen by BBC. One of the towhees was a male of the spotted race which was in the same yard where an individual had occurred in 1952-53. Western Meadowlark was deleted; no details — MDW. REELFOOT — 20 Dec.; 07:00 to 16:00; a.m. clear, p.m. partly clear; temp. 26° to 3 8°; wind S, 10-15 mph; 12 observers in 7 parties, 1 at feeder; 49 party- hours (24 on foot, 20 by car, 5 by boat); 269 party-miles (32 on foot, 225 by car, 12 by boat) . Lula and Ben B. Coffey, Jr., Wendell Crews, Guy Hogg, Don and Gina Manning (compilers — 103 Stonewall Circle, McKenzie 3 8201), T. David Pitts, Harry Smith, Noreen Smith, Bettie Sumara, Martha Waldron, Richard Wallace. The Western Grebe, 3rd state record, was carefully identified by Manning and TDP. Two immature night herons were seen on count day. Sixteen of the Snow Geese were blue forms. Twenty-seven of the Bald Eagles were immature. Merlin, Orange-crowned Warbler, and Rose-breasted Grosbeak were deleted; the supporting details on these species were not totally convincing — MDW. Seen in count period: Bobwhite, Turkey, Fish Crow. HENDERSON — 29 Dec.; 06:45 to 16:45; cloudy; temp. 46° to 48°; wind 5-10 mph; 5 observers; 27 party-hours; 75 party-miles. Mrs. Eddie M. Carpenter (compiler — 2966 Glengarry, Memphis 3 8128), Lula and Ben B. Coffey, Jr., Jerald Ledbetter, Franklin McCamey, Jr. DOVER — 2 Jan.; 06:30 to 17:00; rain most of day, heavy in a.m.; temp. 43° to 49°; 2 observers in one party; 114 miles (113 by car, 1 on foot. John W. Sexton (compiler — Route 1, Dover 37058), Dr. Gary O. Wallace. Seen in count period: Turkey Vulture, Red-shouldered Hawk, Bald Eagle (imm.). Common Snipe, Herring Gull, Phoebe, Ruby-crowned Kinglet. CLARKSVILLE — 27 Dec.; cloudy, light snow early; temp. 28° to 3 5°; 16 field observers in 5 parties. Joe Allen, David Chiles, Mike Filson, Floyd Ford (compiler), Scott Gunn, Jerold Harris, Tony Mahoney, Bill, Gloris, Elaine and Dewitt Milliken, Beverly Mock, Millie Perry, Kathy Lee Robertson, Jack Sites, Marianne Stephens. Ten feeder observers — May D. Darnell, Sara Ford, Mrs. Earl Hughes, Ellen Hutchison, Martha Kimbrough, Thurston Lee, Peggy Offen, Louise Roach, Ellen Walker (compiler), Priscilla Weathers. [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 39 The Northern Oriole, reported by Mrs. Hughes, spent the winter. Seen in count period: Sharp-shinned Hawk, Turkey, Pine Siskin. LAWRENCE COUNTY — 27 Dec.; 06:30 to 17:00; cloudy in a.m., oc- casional drizzle in p.m.; temp. 3 5° to 3 8°; 6 observers in 4 parties and 2 feeder observers; party-miles (145 by car, 18 on foot); 34.5 party-hours. Lloyd Clayton (compiler — Route 4, Lawrenceburg 3 8464), Helen Clayton, David Ihrie, Delton Porter, Paul Porter, Don Simbeck, Vivian Shields, M. D. Williams. Seen in count period: Black Vulture, Cedar Waxwing, Turkey, Oldsquaw, White-winged and Surf Scoters identified at close range by MDW. ASHLAND CITY — 21 Dec.; 05:30 to 17:30; overcast a.m.; partly cloudy p.m.; temp. 21° to 33°; wind S, 10-16 mph; 16 observers in 7 parties; 61 party-hours (39 by car, 22 on foot) ; 269 party-miles (244 by car, 2 5 on foot). Michael L. Bierly, Dwight Cooley, Dot and Paul Crawford, Craig Enipson, Scott Gunn, Jerold Harris, Martha and John Herbert, Louise Jackson, Robert Milburn, Rocky Milburn (compiler — 2923 Sharon Hills Circle, Nashville 3721 5), Chap Percival, Jack Sites, Pat Stallings, Lewis Winfrey. Seen in count period: Common Loon. Snow Goose was blue form. Osprey and Blue-gray Gnatcatcher carefully studied by MLB and D. Cooley. Common Yellowthroat deleted since it was identified by call alone (I am not convinced that this species can be safely separated from the Marsh Wrens by call — MDW). COLUMBIA — 27 Dec.; 05:00 to 18:00; overcast; temp. 37° to 42°; wind NW, 0-5 mph; 11 observers in 6 parties and 1 feeder; 40 party-hours (28 on foot, 12 by car); 320 party-miles (292 by car, 28 on foot). Kenneth Anderson, Ed Byassee, William Fuqua, Daniel Gray, Jr., Daniel Gray, III, Olin Hotchkiss, Bedford Lockridge, Mary Lyles, George R. Mayfield, Jr. (compiler — 999 Sunnyside Drive, Columbia 3 8401), Allen Pressnell, Diane Pressnell. Seen in count period: Pintail, Black Vulture, Virginia Rail, Sora, Eastern Phoebe. NASHVILLE — 27 Dec.; 06:30 to 17:15; overcast, light snow in a.m.; wind NW, 5-10 mph; temp. 3 5° to 39°; 3 3 observers in 7 parties and 5 feed- ers; 73 party-hours (41 on foot, 32 by car) plus 37 hours at feeders; 316 party-miles (280 by car, 36 on foot). Frances Abernathy, Clyde Anderson, David Anderson, Sue Bell, E. Berg- strom, Michael Bierly, Annella Creech, Milbrey Dugger, Evelyn and John Ellis, Charles Farrell, Clara Fentress, Katherine Goodpasture, Sarah Gordon, Ben Groce, John Herbert, Evelyn Herron, Evelyn Holt, Louise Jackson, Portia MacMillan, Margaret Mann, Ann Nichols, Corinne Oakes, Oscar Patrick, Vir- [VoL. 47, 1976] 40 THE MIGRANT JUNE ii! ginia Price, Win Shaughnessy (compiler — 6413 Currywood Dr., Nashville 37205), Pat Stallings, Anna Sulser, Ann Tarbell, Lawrence Trabue, Kenneth and Sara Walkup, Virginia Workman. Seen in count period: Pied-billed Grebe, Gadwall, Surf Scoter. HICKORY-PRIEST — 3 Jan.; 04:3 0 to 17:30; overcast in a.m., p.m. partly j| cloudy; temp. 46° to 34°; wind NW, 5-10 mph; 24 observers in 5 parties; 64 |i party-hours (3 0 on foot, 34 by car) ; 251 party-miles (2 5 on foot, 226 by car). i Frances Abernathy, Ann Arnett, Sue Bell, Michael Bierly (compiler — 2415 | Crestmoor Rd., Nashville 37215), Dwight Cooley, Annella Creech, Milbrey j Dugger, Frances Evans, Charles Farrell, Katherine Goodpasture, Scott Gunn, } Jerold Harris, Bill Jones, Carol Knauth, Margaret Mann, Randy Martin, Rocky |I Milburn, Marge and Oscar Patrick, Betty Richards, Pat Stallings, Ann Tarbell, Lawrence Trabue, Louis Winfrey. ; MURFREESBORO — 27 Dec.; 08:00 to 17:00; overcast, light rain, windy; temp. 34° to 42°; 2 parties, 14 neighborhood observers; 5 0 miles by car. Anne Hettish (compiler — 108 Lawndale, Murfreesboro 3713 0). Seen in count period: Gray Catbird. LEBANON — 27 Dec.; 00:01 to 19:00; overcast, light snow cover; temp. ] 3 0° to 3 5°; 3 observers in 2 parties and 3 observers at feeders; 22 party-hours ‘ (6 on foot, 16 by car) plus 24 at feeders; 100 party-miles (10 on foot, 90 by j car) . I ' ij Marilyn Burchett, Ray Pope, Frances Sellars, John Sellars, William Senter |i (compiler — 313 West Hills Drive, Lebanon 37087), Sue Smith, William A. j Smith. i !; Seen in count period: Sandhill Crane (unconfirmed report of 18 birds by jj TWRA personnel), American Woodcock, White-breasted Nuthatch, Brown Creeper, Evening Grosbeaks (just outside of count area). Fox Sparrow, Lin- ■ coin’s Sparrow was deleted, no details — MDW. | j: MANCHESTER — 28 Dec.; partly cloudy, calm; temp. 34° to 50°; 8 ob- servers in 4 parties, 2 feeder observers; 69 party-hours (25 on foot, 34 by car), 28 5 party-miles (11 on foot, 274 by car). ! Debra Acuff, Carroll Barr, Stanley Barr (compiler — ^Rt. 2, Box 475 A-1, , Estill Springs 37330), Marjory Harper, Betty King, Glenn King, Sanford Me- j Gee, Anna Parker, Violet Wakeland, Monty Wanamaker. COOKEVILLE — 19 Dec.; 07:30 to 16:30; clear, windy; temp. 10° to 20°. Eleanor Alexander, O. R. Alexander, Beulah Clark, Mr. and Mrs. Sam j Coward, Dr. and Mrs. J. O. Cummins, Caprice Haile, Raymond High, Mr. and | Mrs. Frazier Jaques, Amy Johnson, O. Ray Jordan, Elizabeth Killefer, Mildred j Lassiter, Helen Lewis, Mr. and Mrs. T. B. Link, Dr. and Mrs. Sidney L. McGee, [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 41 Mrs. J. T. Moore, Miser R. Richmond (compiler — 519 N. Jeflferson Ave., Cookeville 3 8 501 ), Mr. and Mrs. Roy H. Sullivan, Thelma Tinnon, Mr. and Mrs. F. R. Toline, Chrissa Wendt, Florence Williams. Wood Thrush and Magnolia Warbler were deleted — MDW. CHATTANOOGA — 21 Dec.; 05:00 to 22:00; overcast; temp. 27° to 36°; wind N, av. 13 mph; 22 observers in 12 parties, plus 7 feeder observers; 84 party-hours (40 on foot, 44 by car), plus 26 hours at feeders; 520 party-miles (37 on foot, 483 by car). Lloyd and Betty Anderson, Jim and Frances Barnwell, Benton and Jeff Basham, Gary and Chris Bayne, Branson Block, Lloyd Davis, Jon and Nancy DeVore, Isabelle and Kenton Dickerson, Ken and Lil Dubke, Dr. Jack Freeman, Anne Gibson, David Grubbs, Daniel Jacobson (compiler — P. O. Box 6, Wild- wood, GA 30757), Art Jones, Hodge and Gladys Lewis, J. Hunter Patterson, Kathy Philips, Lee Shafer, Gene Shiles, Carl Swafford, Dick Wodzenski. Seen in count period: Blue-winged Teal, Redhead, Canvasback. HIWASSEE — 1 Jan.; 06:30 to 18:00; overcast; temp. 31° to 42°; wind E, 5 mph; 6 observers in 2 parties; 21 j party-hours (ll^ on foot, 10 by car); 194 party-miles (9 on foot, 185 by car). Kenton Dickerson, Lil Dubke, Daniel Jacobson (compiler — P. O. Box 6, Wildwood, GA 30757), Lemuel Jacobson, Ruth Jacobson, Roger Woodruff. Pectoral Sandpiper was deleted; no details — MDW. KNOXVILLE — 28 Dec.; 07:00 to 17:30; mostly clear; temp. 37° to 49°; 22 observers in 11 parties; 73^ party-hours (45^ on foot, 28 by car); 488| party-miles (46j on foot, 442 by car). James Campbell, Dr. Howard Chitwood, Rob Harris, Dr. Robert Harris, Don Heiser, James Holt, Beth Lacy, Mrs. George McGown, Allison McNutt, Bill McNutt, Gary Muffly, Charles P. Nicholson, Holly Overton, Paul Pardue, Diane Rook, Paul Rook, Ken Sanders, Mabel Sanders, A. Boyd Sharp (compiler — 245 Peters Rd. Knoxville 37919), Dr. James Tanner, Bill Williams, Irene Williams. Long-billed Marsh Wren seen by CPN and earlier by ABS and MDW; House Finches by Harris and later by many others. GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK— 4 Jan.; 06:00 to 17:30; clear to partly cloudy, light snow in a.m., ground covered in higher elev.; temp. 9° to 30°; wind 1-7 mph, but up to 18 mph in higher elev. ; 44 observers in 21 parties, plus 4 observers at feeders; 162 party-hours (115 on foot, 47 by car), plus 32 at feeders; 541 party-miles (138 on foot, 403 by car). Fae Andrews, Carolyn Brown, Kay Bacon, Susan Bretton, Winnifred Brown, Nanci Buss, Stan and Gwen Canter, Glenn Cardwell, Dr. Howard Chitwood, Don DeFoe (compiler — G.S.M.N.P., Gatlinburg 37738), Jay DeFoe, Lori DeFoe, Maurice Grigsby, Julie Hardin, J. H. and S. B. Harris, David High- [VoL. 47, 1976] 42 THE MIGRANT JUNE baugh, Bill Hooks, Dr. J. C. Howell, Tony Koella, Henry Lix, Susy Lix, Bill and Allison McNutt, Gary MufBy, Charles P. Nicholson, Mary Noel, Louise Nunnally, Holly Overton, J. B. Owen, Truett Patterson, Ann Ragan, John and Nancy Rennie, Gail Satterfield, Terry Satterfield, Boyd and Mary Jane Sharp, Hugh and Lillian Smathers, Alan Smith, Arthur Stupka, Dr. James Tanner, Bill and Irene Williams, Morris Williams, Clara Mae Wodtke. White-crowned Sparrows were deleted, observer not seasoned — MDW. Caro- lina and Black-capped Chickadees were not separated in the tally. GREENEVILLE — 28 Dec.; 07:30 to 17:00; clear to cloudy; temp. 34° to ^2°; wind, 0-6 mph; 9 observers. Mr. and Mrs. O. C. Armitage, Mr. and Mrs. King Gaut, Wilma Irvine, Boris KondratiefF, Mr. and Mrs. Richard Nevius (compiler — Route 6, Greeneville 37743), Mrs. John Speer. KINGSPORT — 3 Jan.; 07:00 to 19:00; overcast, fog, light rain in a.m.; temp. 45° to 3 0°; 8 observers in 6 parties; 45 party-hours (30 by foot, 14 by car, 1 by barge) ; 107 (16 on foot, 90 by car, 1 by barge). Tom Bowman (compiler — Bays Mountain Park, Route 4, Kingsport 37660), Teresa Brown, Joe and Tom Finucane, Eugene Scott, Arthur Smith, Ann Swit- zer, Howard Young. ELIZABETHTON — 20 Dec.; 06:45 to 17:30; clear in a.m., partly cloudy in p.m. and windy, 5-15 mph, trace of snow above 3000 ft.; 13 observers in 5 parties; 287 party-miles (271 by car, 16 on foot); 47 party-hours (28 by car, 19 on foot) . John Adams, Joy Dillenbeck, Martha Dillenbeck, Glen Eller (compiler-- Rt. 3, Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton 37643), Harry Farthing, Sally Goodin, Lee Herndon, Barney Keffer, Richard Lewis, John Martin, Ed Schell, John Wright, Keith Young. BRISTOL — 27 Dec.; 07:3 0 to 18:00; overcast, intermittent rain and snow, 0-1 in. of snow; temp. 30° to 34°; wind W-SW, 2-10 mph; 13 observers in 6 parties and 2 at feeders; 43 J party-hours (12| on foot, 26 by car, 5 by boat) plus 10 at feeders; 313^ party-miles (18| on foot, 23 5 by car, 60 by boat). Rockwell Bingham (compiler — 216 Melody Lane, Bristol 37620), Rosemary Bingham, Wallace Coffey, Dot Crawford, Paul Crawford, Martha Dillenbeck, Joy Dillenbeck Glen Eller, John Gray, Ken Hale, Conrad Ottenfeld, Charles Smith, Angela Wilson, Diane Wilson, John Wright. The Cape May Warbler seen by Crawfords and Wilsons was present for sev- eral days prior to count. Black-capped Chickadees were deleted; although this species probably occurs in this area occasionally in the winter, field identification is not reliable — MDW. ROAN MOUNTAIN — 29 Dec.; 07:3 0 to 18:30; clear in a.m., overcast in p.m.; temp. 30° to 46°; wind 10-15 mph; trace to 3 in. snow above 5,000 ft.; [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 43 6 observers in 3 parties; 102 party-miles (94 by car, 8 on foot); 21 party- hours (13| by car, 7^ on foot). Paul Crawford, Glen Eller (compiler — Rt. 3, Grandview Terrace, Eliza- bethton 37643), John Gray, Jake Slonaker, Angela Wilson, Diane Wilson. Only 5 species found above 5,000 ft. elevation. American Kestrel (1), Ruffed Grouse (1), Screech Owl (2), Belted Kingfisher (1), Downy Wood- pecker (6), Blue Jay (5), Common Raven (2), Common Crow (16), Carolina Chickadee (6), Tufted Titmouse (9), White-breasted Nuthatch (5), Red- breasted Nuthatch (2), Carolina Wren (1), Eastern Bluebird (4), Golden- crowned Kinglet (1), Starling (5), House Sparrow (9), Cardinal (2), Evening Grosbeak (2), Purple Finch (1), American Goldfinch (1), Dark-eyed Junco (17), Field Sparrow (8), Song Sparrow (16). Total 24 species. [VoL. 47, 1976] 44 THE MIGRAiNT JUNE THE SEASON Fred J. Aesop, III, Editor This was a rather mild winter for Tennessee and not a notable one for Northern finches. It did, however, produce many most interesting records of late lingering warblers in all the reporting regions as well as observations of some waterfowl, birds of prey, and several songbirds not commonly seen in the State. This is our best season for seeing waterfowl and "good finds” for T.O.S. birders included 1 5 Whistling Swans in the Western Coastal Plain and White- fronted Geese here and in the Central Plateau and Basin. The latter region also produced the third state record for Barnacle Geese with two being sighted (You may have noted the increase in southern sightings of unusual North American and Old World waterfowl species and the discussions of their possible origins — wild or escapes from fanciers — in many ornithological journals). Oldsquaw were reported from all regions and scoters from the Central Plateau and Basin and the Eastern Mountain Regions. This last region also had a Red- throated Loon. Eagles of both species were seen and Northern raptors were represented in the reports by Rough-legged Hawks in the Western Coastal Plain and the Central Plateau and Basin. A Goshawk, reported in the previous "Season,” was still present through this period in the Eastern Mountain Region. Several Horned Owls were found nesting and three Short-eared Owls wintered at the Smyrna airport. There were several reports of Sandhill Cranes in the Central Plateau and Basin region with a migratory movement apparently under way in early De- cember. Two Black-capped Chickadees were carefully observed by Diane Wilson as they came to a feeding station at her Bristol home in the company of Caro- lina Chickadees. The occurrence of these Northern — or, in Tennessee, high altitude — species at this location is most unexpected. Many late dates for several species of warblers were contributed including a wintering Yellow-breasted Chat in Covington in the Western Coastal Plain. Lapland Longspurs were found in the Western Coastal Plain and the Central Plateau and Basin; Snow Buntings in Nashville and on Roan Mountain; Sprague’s Pipit in the Western Coastal Plain and a sub-adult Harris’ Sparrow in the Central Plateau and Basin Region. You’ll find these records and much more useful information about the avafauna of Tennessee in these following pages of the Winter "Season.” [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 45 WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN — Loon-Crow: Common Loon: 11 Dec. (2) I Pin Oak Lake, NTSP (BBC, LCC). Horned Grebe: 11 Nov. (1) HPL (VH). t Cattle Egret: 7 Mar. (1) M (HHD). WHISTLING SWAN: 3 Jan. (15) until I 24 Jan. HNWR (JG, JL). WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE: 3 Jan. (1), 2 5 Jan. (1) HNWR (JL). OLDSQUAW: 27 Dec. (2) Ft. Pillow SP (HD, NS, MW, GP). Greater Yellowlegs: 7 Mar. (1) M (HHD). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 28 Dec. (1) M (HD). ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK: 21 Dec. (1) M (BBC, CN, JL). Golden Eagle: 4 Jan. (1) HNWR (JL). Least Sandpiper: 20 Dec. (1) Tiptonville Sewerage Pond (BBC, LCC). Great Horned Owl: 29 Dec. (1) M (DV), the owl was first sighted on a nest and two young have been observed (19 Mar.) Fish Crow: 27 Dec. ( 1 1 ) G (HD, NS, MW, GP) . Nuthatch-Longspur: Red-breasted Nuthatch: this species was fairly com- mon in the Memphis area this season with 23 on the Christmas Count. The Henderson Christmas Count had a total of 10 (MEC). HOUSE WREN: 21 Dec. (2) on Christmas Count, M, 27 Dec. (1) Ft. Pillow SP (HD, NS, MW, GP). Bewick’s Wren: 22 Feb. (1) H, DRNWR (JL). Short-billed Marsh Wren: 21 Dec. (1 each) 2 locations, M Christmas Count (BBC). SPRAGUE’S PIPIT: 31 Jan. (1) G (BBC, LCC). Orange-crowned Warbler: 24 Jan. thru 11 Feb. (1) R (MEC). Cape May Warbler: 2 Dec. thru 3 Jan. R (MEC, BBC, LCC), this is the first West TN winter sighting. Black- throated Green Warbler: 7 Nov. and 9 Nov. M (HD). Palm Warbler: 22 Feb. (1) H, DRNWR (JL). Yellow-breasted Chat: 2 5 Nov. thru 6 Dec. (1) C (AS). Rufous-sided Towhee (Spotted Race): 12 Dec. thru 25 Dec. Gn (MCS). Dickcissel: 27 Dec. (1) Ft. Pillow SP (HD). Evening Grosbeak: 29 Dec. (24) H (MEC), 19 Feb. (1) N (RF). Chipping Sparrow: 5 Dec. (3) M (MW). LAPLAND LONGSPUR: 31 Jan. (200) 1 Mi. south of Owl City, Lake Co., 1 Feb. (600) west of Phillipy, Lake Co. (BBC, LCC). Locations: NTSP — Natchez Trace State Park; M — Memphis; HNWR — Natchie National Wildlife Refuge; HPL — Herb Parsons Lake, Fayette Co.; Ft. Pillow SP — Ft. Pillow State Park, Lauderdale Co.; G — Golddust, Lauder- dale Co.; H, DRNWR — Flustburg, Duck River National Wildlife Refuge; R — Raleigh; C — Covington; Gn — Germantown, East Shelby Co.; H — Hender- son. Observers: BBC — Ben B. Coffey; LCC — Lula C. Coffey; VH — Van Harris; JG — Joe Guinn; JL — Jerald Ledbetter; HD — Helen Dinkelspiel; NS — Noreen Smith; MW — Martha Waldron; GP — George Payne; CN — Cal Newman; DV — Dave Vance; MEC — Mrs. Ed Carpenter; HHD — Henry and Helen Dinkelspiel; MCS — Mrs. Charles Seaborn; RF — Romena Fuller. Martha Waldron, 1626 Yorkshire Dr., Memphis 38117. CENTRAL PLATEAU AND BASIN REGION— Grebes -Yellowlegs: Horned Grebe: 17 Jan. (150) WR (Branson Block, DRJ). Great Egret: 23 Nov. (1) CL (CE, kjM). Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 27 Feb. (1) G (DC, PC), Compiler is unaware of other winter records for this species. BARNACLE GOOSE: 24-27 Jan. (2) CCNWR (MLB), 3rd State record. American Bit- tern: 9 Nov. (1) BV (MLB). WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE: 24-27 Jan. (2) HP (DC, PC); 2 5 Jan. (1 imm.) CCNWR (Gary Bayne, DRJ). Blue-winged [VoL. 47, 1976] 46 THE MIGRANT JUNE Teal: 27 Feb. (15) G (DC, PC). OLDSOUAW: bird reported last period still present thru 7 Dec. (MLB) ; 18 Jan. (1) WR (Violet Hite, MW). Surf Scoter: I bird of the 2 reported last period, remained thru 9 Dec. (MLB). Sharp- shinned Hawk: 5 reports during period. Cooper’s Hawk: 7 Feb. (1) 1-40 and 231 (CL, RJM); 20 Feb. (1) OH (SF, WF). ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK: II Jai^- (1) Ashland City (Helen and Henry Dinkelspiel) . Golden Eagle: 17 Jan. (3 adults) Auburntown (DRJ) ; 27 Jan. (3 imm.) Auburn Rd. (MW). Bald Eagle: 17 Nov. (1 imm.) BV (RJM); 21 Dec.-21 Feb. (1) CL (Nash. TOS). Osprey: one bird wintered at CL. Ring-necked Pheasant: 25 Jan. (1) Cowan (Efiie Boyd). SANDHILL CRANE: 19 Nov. (25) Franklin Co. (Ed- wina Morrison, Mr. and Mrs. B. M,. Jaco) ; 3 Dec. (5) Cookeville (Beulah Clark, BJ); 7 Dec. (28) HP (WT) ; 9 Dec. (12) OHL (WT); 9 Dec. (35) Mur- freesboro (Richard Hunter). American Woodcock: 7 Dec. thru period (1-8) Shelby Bottoms (MPS). Black-bellied Plover: 2 5 Oct. -9 Nov. (1) BV (MLB, Larry Gates). Solitary Sandpiper: 9 Nov. -27 Nov. (1) BV (MLB, RJM,). Greater Yellowlegs: 1-8 Nov. (8) CL (RJM); thru 30 Nov. (1) BV (MLB); 28 Feb. (1) NA (MPS). Lesser Yellowlegs: 13 Mar. (1) BV (MPS). Owls-Buntlng: Barn Owl: 2 Feb. (1, dead) 1-40, 13 mi. W. of Nashville (Ken and Lil Dubke). Great Horned Owl: 26 Dec. (1 ad.) on nest. Five active nests during period. Five Points (MDW). SHORT-EARED OWL: 27 Nov.- 21 Feb. (3) Smyrna Airport (Margaret Mann) Carolina Chickadee: 15 Mar. (nest/one egg) NA (Sue Bell). House Wren: 9 Nov. (1) BV (MLB). Bewick’s Wren: 4 reports during period. Short-billed Marsh Wren: 9 Nov. (1) BV (MLB). Swainson’s Thrush: 23 Nov. (1) OH (SF, WF) — very late. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher: 7-9 Nov. (1) OH (SF, WF). Cedar Waxwing: 2 Nov. (200) Radnor Lake (DRJ). Black-and-white Warbler: 28 Nov. -8 Dec. (1) Ft. Negley (Chap Percival). Orange-crowned Warbler: 9 Nov. (1 — banded) Basin Springs (KAG). Palm Warbler: 3 Jan. (2) NA (RJM, MPS). Northern Oriole: mid- Dec. -12 Mar. (1) NA (Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Benson, KAG). Tree Sparrow: 8 Jan. (1) G (DC, PC); 18 Jan. (21) Smith Co. (BJ); 7 Feb. (12) BV (SF, WF). Chipping Sparrow: 18 Dec. (1) Lawrence Co. (Lloyd Clayton). HAR- RIS* SPARROW: mid-Dec. -1 Mar. (1) sub-adult, NA (DRJ, Adam Mitszel). LAPLAND LONGSPUR: 16, 17 Nov. (1) BV (MLB, RJM). SNOW BUNT- ING: 16 Nov. (2) BV (MLB). Locations: B — Byrdstown; BV — Buena Vista; CCNWR — ^Cross Creek Na- tional Wildlife Refuge; CL — Cheatham Lake; G — Gallatin; HP — Hunter’s Point; NA — Nashville Area; OH — Old Hickory; OHL — Old Hickory Lake; WR — Woods Reservoir. Observers: MLB — Michael Bierly; DC — Dot Crawford; PC — ^Paul Craw- ford; CL — Craig Empson; SF — Sally Fintel; WF — William Fintel; KAG — Katherine Goodpasture; DH — Dave Hassler; RH — Robbie Hassler; DRJ — Daniel Jacobson; BJ — Bill Jones; RJM — Rocky Milburn; MPS — Pat Stallings; WT— Willie Taylor; MDW— Morris Williams; MW— Mary Wood. Morris D. Williams, Dept, of Zoology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37916. EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY REGION— One word seems to best describe this winter season — exciting. Observers across the region reported not [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 47 only unusual species such as American Avocet, Merlin, Peregrine Falcon, and LeConte’s and Harris’ Sparrows, but also recorded winter dates for the Osprey, Pectoral Sandpiper, Tree Swallow, Black and white and Cape May Warblers, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, and Indigo Bunting. Boreal species staged a bumper invasion of the region, including both species of crossbills. House Finches spent most of the winter in Knoxville and Chatta- nooga reported both Surf and White-winged Scoters. Migration was in progress before the end of the season with the usual martins and swallows, and early records of the American Bittern. Loon-Merganser: Common Loon; sporadically through period (1-6) ChL (KD, DRJ); 15 Feb. (20) BTWSP (DRJ) ; 5 Dec. (7) BL (MD, SC). Horned Grebe: 10 Dec. (28) BL (MD, SC, HD); 14 Feb. (50) BTWSP (DRJ). Pied-billed Grebe: through period (25-3 5 ) SP (DKD). Double-crested Cormorant: six dates from 8 Nov. -15 Feb. (1-9) HRA (KLD, DKD, DRJ). Great Blue Heron: 1 Dec. (Ill) HRA (KLD); 31 Jan. (23) JCo (TK). Green Heron: three Nov. dates (AM, HRA); 14 Dec. (1) AM (KLD, DRJ). Great Egret: 29 Nov. (1) DL (JCH). Black-crowned Night Heron: 9 Nov. (1) FLL (JCH); 11 Mar. (9) KP (RL). AMERICAN BITTERN: 14 Feb. (1) KP (FJA) ; 14 Feb. (1) AM (DRJ). Whistling Swan: 2 5 Nov. (1) NL (DRJ, KLD). Snow Goose: 3, 4 Nov. (1), (2, blue morph) HRA (KLD). Blue- winged Teal: 23 Dec. (2) SP (DKD); 1 Mar. (1) SB (KLD). American Wigeon: 1 Mar. (500) NL (DKD). Redhead: 8 Mar. (40) ChL (KLD). Canvasback: 6 Feb. (7) PSF (JGFI) ; 8 Mar. (40) ChL (KLD). Greater Scaup: 21 Feb. (3 50) BTWSP (KLD). Lesser Scaup: 23 Nov. (5 00) NL (DRJ, DKD, LD, LMJ). Bufflehead: 23 Nov. (60) NL (DKD, LD, DRJ, LMJ). Oldsquaw: 23 Nov. (1) NL (LD, DKD, DRJ, LMJ); 5 Feb. (1) BL (MD, SG). WHITE-WINGED SCOTER: 9 Feb.-l Mar. (1-4) BTWSP (KLD, et al); 15 Feb. (5) WBL (KLD). SURF SCOTER: 4 Nov. (1) BTWSP (KLD). Common Merganser: 1 Dec. (2) ChL (KLD); 15 Feb. (1) HRA (DRJ). Red-breasted Merganser: 23 Nov. (150) NL (LD, DKD, LMJ, DRJ). y tilt tire -Owl: Turkey Vulture: 8 Nov. (60) HRA (KLD). Sharp-shinned Hawk: nine records during period CH (KLD, DRJ); 10 Nov., 2 Dec. (1) PSF (JGH); 22 Nov., 21 Feb. (1) NoL (JCH); 28 Feb. (1) JC (DL). Cooper’s Hawk: six records JC (SG, JS, ES, DL) ; two records CH (LBA, BB) ; 16 Dec. (1) Oak Ridge (JMC). Golden Eagle: 12 Nov. (1 adult), 24 Feb. (1 imm.) SeV (LSF). Bald Eagle: 1 Dec. (1 adult), 2 Dec. (1 imm.) HRA (Wilford Caraway fide KLD); 31 Jan., 27 Feb. (1 adult) NoL (JCH); 15 Feb. (3 adults) WBL (KLD); 15 Feb. (3 adults) HRA (DRJ); 21 Feb. (2 adults) NL (DRJ, DKD). OSPREY: 19 Nov. (1) MB (Mary Steel fide KLD); 22 Nov. (3) NL (KP) ; 12 Dec. (1) MB (Jon DeVore); 9 Mar. (1) AM (KLD). PEREGRINE FALCON: 22 Nov. (1 adult) NL (LS). MERLIN: 8 Feb. (1) KCo (Maurice Grigsby). Sandhill Crane: seven records 22 Nov. -4 M,ar.; 22 Nov. (70) NL (KP) ; 9 Jan. -end of period (1) KP (FJA). King Rail: 9 Nov. (1) HRA (BS, DRJ). Virginia Rail: 9 Nov. (3) HRA (BS, DRJ); 7 Dec. (1) Westal Exit, 1-40 near Rockwood (Mike Bierly, Margaret Mann, Paul Crawford, Betty Richards, DRJ); 23 Jan. (1) AM (DRJ). Kill- deer: 8 Mar. (nest with 4 eggs) KCo (GCM). American Golden Plover: 4 Nov. [VoL. 47, 1976] 48 THE MIGRANT JUNE (1) HRA (KLD) ; 11 Nov. (2) PSF) (JCH). Black-bellied Plover: 8-14 Nov. (1-4) HRA, SB (KLD). American Woodcock: 14 Dec. (8, beeping and courtship flight) AM (KLD, DRJ). Common Snipe: highest regularly winter- ing numbers recorded at SB (100-200), 1 M,ar. (250) SB (KLD); 8 Mar. (3 07) SB, HRA (KLD). Spotted Sandpiper: 23 Nov. (2) BL (PR, JS). Greater Yellowlegs: 3 Nov. (17) HRA (KLD); 8 Nov. (1) NoL (JCH); 29 Feb. (1) SB (LD). Lesser Yellowlegs: 12 Nov. (1) SB (LD). PECTORAL SANDPIPER: up to 5 lingered late, last recorded 1 Jan. (1) HRA (LD, RW). Least Sandpiper: 27 Jan. (61) SB, HRA (KLD). Dunlin: 27 Jan. (190) SB (KLD); 31 Jan. (105) JCo (TK). AMERICAN AVOCET: 22 Nov. (1, bird with mangled leg) JC (Barney Keefer fide MD). Herring Gull: 19 Jan. (45) ChL (KLD). Ring-billed Gull: 15 Feb. (250) BTWSP (DRJ). Bonaparte’s Gull: 7, 8 Dec. (5) BL (GE, LRH, RL) ; 19 Jan. (38) HRA (KLD). Yellow- billed Cuckoo: 1 Nov. (1) AM (DRJ). Barn Owl: through period (2 active pairs) JC (RL, DL). Great Horned Owl: 14 Feb. (nest, 2 eggs) Signal Mtn. (Kenneth Miller fide DRJ). SHORT-EARED OWL: 25 Nov. (1) NL (DRJ). Lark-Sparrow: Horned Lark: 1 Dec. (25) HRA (KLD). TREE SWAL- LOW: 19 Jan. (1) HRA (KLD). Barn Swallow: 13 Mar. (2) NL (DRJ). Cliff Swallow: 13 Mar. (2) NL (DRJ). Purple Martin: 3 Mar. (4) JCo (Clarence Burris). Brown-headed Nuthatch: through period (2) McD (Nat Halverson, et al). House Wren: 1 Nov. (1) AM (DRJ). Bewick’s Wren: 16 Dec. (1) AM (KLD); 3 Jan. (1) AM (DKD). Long-billed Marsh Wren: 9 Nov. (1) HRA (BS, DRJ, et al); 20 Dec. (1) KCo (MDW, BS, CPN). Short-billed Marsh Wren: 28 Nov. -29 Dec. (1-3) NL (DRJ, et al) ; 3 Dec. (1) AM (DRJ). Water Pipit: 8 Nov. (75) NoL (JCH); 7 Feb. (75) TCA (GE, LRH, DL, RL, ES). BLACK-AND-WHITE WARBLER: 7-14 Dec. (1) JC (DL). CAPE MAY WARBLER: 22 Nov. (1) K (BAM); 24 Dec. (1) JC (PR). Pine Warbler: 26 Jan. (1 singing) HRA (LD). Palm Warbler: 1 Nov. (1) AM (DRJ); 8 Feb. (1) NL (DRJ, LMJ). BREWER’S BLACKBIRD: 11 Jan. (3) TCA (GE, LRH). ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK: 27 Nov. (7), 10 Dec. (5) WW (KP); 18 Dec.-22 Feb. (1) ACo (MT). INDIGO BUNTING: 1 Nov. (1) AM (DRJ); 20 Jan.-end of period (1) ACo (MT). Evening Grosbeak: flocks reported from all parts of region, max. 3 0 Nov. (100) Oneida (Mrs. H. M. Leeds). Purple Finch: 16 Nov. (200) JC (JS). HOUSE FINCH: 2 5 Dec. -end of period (max. of 14 at feeder) K (Robert and Laveda Harris). Pine Siskin: small flocks throughout region, max. 2 Nov. (100) K (Ed and Brownie Griffith). Red Crossbill: 23 Nov. (1) NL (LD, DRJ, et al) ; 29 Nov. (12) K (Harold andd Edith Cress); 5 Feb. (6) K (Carl Swafford); 6, 12 Feb. (12) Chickamauga Battlefield, Ga. (KD) ; 29 Feb. (8) McD (GE, LD). WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILLS: 5-7 Nov. (12-15) Etowah (Harry Farthing). LECONTE’S SPARROW: 5-15 Dec. (1) NL (DRJ, GLB, et al). Vesper Sparrow: 10 Nov. (4) PSF (JGH); 22 Nov. (24) AS (DL) ; 14 Dec. (6) AM (DRJ). HARRIS SPARROW: 2 Feb.-end of period (1) White Pines (TK, et al). White-crowned Sparrow: 12 Dec. (100) Jonesboro (SG, MD); 13 Feb. (250) Telford (SG, MD). Locations: ACo — Anderson County; AM, — Amnicola Marsh; BL — Boone Lake; BTWSP— Booker T. Washington State Park; CH--Chattanooga; ChL— Chickamauga Lake; DL — ^Douglas Lake; FLL — Fort Loudon Lake; HRA — Hiawassee River Area; JC — Johnson City; JCo — Jefferson County; K — Knox- [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 49 ville; KCo — Knox County; KP — -Kingsport; McD — McDonald; MB — Moccasin Bend; NL — Nickajack Lake; NoL — Norris Lake; PSP — U. T. Plant Science Parm; SB — Savannah Bay; SeV — Sequatchie Valley; SP — Shawhon Pond, Chat- tanooga; TCA — Tri-Cities Airport; WBL — Watts Bar Lake; WW — Wildwood, Ga. Observers: PJA — Pred J. Alsop; LBA — ^Lloyd and Betty Anderson; BB — Benton Basham; GLB — Gary L. Bayne; JMC — Jim Campbell; DKD — D. Ken- ton Dickerson; HD — Helenhill Dove; KLD — Ken and Lil Dubke; KD — Ken Dubke; LD — Lil Dubke; MD — Martha Dillenbeck; GE — ^Glen Eller; SG — Sally Goodin; JCH— -J. C. Howell; JGH— James G. Holt; LRH— Lee R. Herndon; DRJ — Daniel R. Jacobson; LMJ — Lemuel M. Jacobson; TK — Tony Koella; DL — Dick Lura; RL — Richard Lewis; BAM — Bill and Alicyn McNutt; GCM — Gary and Cynthia Muffly; CPN — Charles P. Nicholson; KP — Kathy Phillips; PR — Pete Range; BS — Boyd Sharp; ES — Ed Schell; JS — Jake Slonaker; LS — Lee Shafer; LSP — ^Lee Shafer Pamily; MT — Margaret Thompson; MDW — Mor- ris D. Williams; RW — Roger Woodruff. Daniel R. Jacobson, P. O. Box 6, Wildwood, Ga. 3 0757. EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION— The overall weather picture was that of above average temperature and below average rainfall through out the period. January was the only month with cold days, with several in the low teens during the middle of the month. February had above average temperatures which carried over into the first week of March. The rainfall for the entire period was below average. The early warm temperatures did not seem to effect the bird movement to any significant degree. Several unusual waterfov/l sightings were noted and several late warblers were seen. The most noteworthy occurrence was that of the Goshawk which was first reported during the last period. The bird apparently spent the winter in a very remote area near the upper end of Watauga Lake, being sighted in every month of the period. One Snow Bunting was reported from Roan Moun- tain. Loon-Scoter: Common Loon: thru Nov. and Dec. with (12) on 22 Nov. RC (LRH), none reported since 10 Dec. (unusual). RED-THROATED LOON: 15 Nov. (2) RC (GW, DL) ; 17 Nov. (1) RC (MD, SG). Horned Grebe: 1st returned 15 Nov. (6) WatL (GW); 7 Feb. (50-|-) RC (LRH, ES). Canada Goose: 12 Dec. (1) WibL (RL). Gadwall: 29 Nov. (1) WatR (RL); 24 Jan. (2) RC (LRH, ES). Pintail: 15 Nov. (1) WibL (RL, GW); 20 Dec. (5) WatR (GE, HE) ; 7 Feb. (2) RC (GE, HE). Green-winged Teal: 22 Nov. (1) WibL (GW, DL) ; 29 Nov. (1) WibL (MD, SG, RL) ; 1 Jan. (1) WibL (GE). Blue-winged Teal: 1st returned 6 Mar. (2) RC (GE, HE). Northern Shoveler: 16 Nov. (2) WatL (MD, SG). Canvasback: 15 Nov. (2) RC (GW, DL); 21 Jan. thru 7 Feb. (1-4) RC (ETOS). OLDSOUAW: 17 Jan. (12) WatL (LRH). Ruddy Duck: 22 Nov. (3) WatL (GW, DL) ; 20 Dec. (1) WibL (GE, HE); 19-20 Feb. (1) WibL (RL). Black Vulture: Dec. thru Feb. (15-25) Bri (DW et al) in roost with 125+ Turkey Vultures. SURF SCOTER: 27 Nov. (1) WibL (GE). WHITE-WINGED SCOTER: 17, 31 Jan. (3) RC (LRH, ES). [Vox.. 47, 1976] 50 THE MIGRANT JUNE Hawk-Yireo: GOSHAWK: 14 Nov., 10 Jan., 18 Feb. (1) RC (PR); 6 Mar. (1) RC (LRH, GE). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 18 Dec. (1) Eliz. (LRH) ; 20 Dec. (1) SV (GE, HF). Cooper’s Hawk: 20 Dec. (1) SV (GE, HF); 21 Feb. (1) Eliz. (HF); 1 Mar. (1) Eliz. (GE). American Woodcock: 1st re- turned 11 Feb. (1 performing) Milligan (GW). Spotted Sandpiper: 1st returned 15 Mar. (1) SV (DL). Bonapart’s Gull: 27 Nov. (2) WatL (MD, SG). Barn Owl: 2 active pair thru period (GE, GW et al). Great Horned Owl: 10 Jan. (1) WatL (PR); 2 Mar. (1) Bri. (Judy Abbott); 13 Mar. (1 banded) Bri. (DW, Wallace Coffey). Barred Owl: 24 Jan. (1) RC (LRH, ES). Common Flicker and Yellow-bellied Sapsucker: seemed to decline in numbers since mid Dec. thru end of Feb. (reason ?). Raven: 1-3 regular thru-out period RM (ETOS). BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEE: 21 Nov.-29 Feb. (2) Bristol (Diane Wilson). Red-breasted Nuthatch: none at higher elevation (poor cone crop). Hermit Thrush: 29 Nov. (3) WatL (LRH, GE, GW); 4 Dec. (1), 17 Jan. (2) RC (LRH, ES) ; 15 Feb. (1) Eliz. (GE). Cedar Waxwing: 24 Jan. thru 7 Feb. (75-1-) RC (ETOS). Solitary Vireo: 17 Nov. (1) RM (SG, MD) (late date) . Warbler-Btinfing: Cape May Warbler: 23 Nov. thru 28 Dec. (1 at feeder) Bri. (DW et al). Pine Warbler: 13 Mar. (2) SV (JS). Palm Warbler: 10 Nov. (2) , 23-24 Nov. (1), 21-22 Feb. (1) at feeder in Bri. (DW). Rusty Black- bird: 1st returned 7 Mar. (5) SV (GE). Evening Grosbeak: 1st returned 1 Nov. (48) RC (Fred Alsop), 7-10 small flocks and 1 large flock (75-80) at feeders in area (ETOS). Purple Finch: 1st returned 1 Nov. (8) RC (Fred Alsop). Red Crossbill: 22 Nov. (3) WatL (GW, DL), 20 Dec. (21) Cove Ridge (LRH, JM), 1 Jan. (7) WatL (GE), 31 Jan. (4) Cove Ridge (GW, DL) . Chipping Sparrow: last fall record 10 Nov. (2) Bri. (Rockwell Bingham) . White-crowned Sparrow: 20 Dec. (8) and 17 Jan. (3) Bri. (Rockwell Bing- ham). Fox Sparrow: 21 Nov. (3) RC (GW, DL, JS, RE), 31 Jan. thru 28 Feb. (1 at feeder) Eliz. (HF), 1 Mar. thru 9 Mar. (1 at feeder) Bri. (Judy Abbott). SNOW BUNTING: 16 Nov. (1) RM, (RE). Locations: Bri — Bristol; Eliz — Elizabethton; RC — Roans Creek; RM — Roan Mountain; SV — Siam Valley; WatL — Watauga Lake; WatR — -Watauga River; WibL— Wilbur Lake. Observers: MD — Martha Dillenbeck; GE — Glen Eller; HF-— Harry Far- thing; SG — Sally Goodin; LRH — Lee Herndon; DL — Dick Lura; RL — Richard Lewis; JM — John Martin; PR — Pete Range; ES — Ed Schell; JS^ — Jake Slonaker; DW— Diane Wilson; GW— Gary Wallace; ETOS— Elizabethton Chapter T.O.S. Glen D. Eller, Route 3, Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton 37643- [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 51 REVIEWS VOICES OF NEOTROPICAL BIRDS — Dr. John William Hardy, Curator in Ornithology, Florida State Museum. Very appropriately, dedicated to Irby Davis, long-time expert on Middle-American birds and their songs. This 12 -inch 3 3-1/3 ips LP contains the songs and/or calls of 45 species, plus others named in the background. Recorded in Mexico and (10 species) Central and South America however, all but 5 species are found in Mexico. Those of special interest should be the Three-wattled Bellbird, two owls, four jays, and four nightingale-thrushes. Dr. Hardy has made an extensive study of these jays and thrushes. The general practice in arranging most LP records of bird vocalizations, has been to limit comment to a bare minimum, with most data on the jacket. The author here has something to tell us and his informal commentary adds to the value of the LP. The selection and arrangement em- phasizes biological aspects — behavioral, ecological, and evolutionary. If you have no special interest in northern tropical birds of the Americas, the com- mentary will still be instructive and of general interest. The LP ("Ara-1”) can be ordered directly ($6) from J. W. and Carol K. Hardy, 1615 N-W. 14th Ave., Gainesville, Florida 32605. It is also listed by Audubon Bookcase, Croton-on-Hudson, N. Y. 10520. Ben B. Coffey, Jr. THE LIFE OF BIRDS. 1975. Second Edition. By Joel Carl Welty. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia. 623 p. $18.50. — This basic college text was first pub- lished in 1962. Thirteen years later, with this revision, Welty has improved and updated what is still the best introductory ornithological textbook on the market. There are 24 chapters in the new edition, compared to 23 in the first edi- tion. The new chapter added concerns the relationship between mankind and birds. There are 77 more pages with a larger page format. This adds up to a considerable increase in information presented. There are some areas where rewriting of material was done, but generally the text has been improved by adding sections to the first edition where advances in ornithology have been made. New information is given on such topics as brain structure, circadian rhythms, dialects, magnetic sensitivity, respiration and temperature control. An extensive literature review section with 43 pages of references is included. A minor problem with the new edition is that Welty failed to incorporate the name changes of birds that the A. O. U. made in 1973. Despite this short- coming, Welty’s 2nd edition is highly recommended for introductory ornitho- logical courses in college and for anyone who would like to have a book that provides a rather complete overview on the life of birds. Gary O. Wallace [VoL. 47, 1976] 52 THE MIGRAiNT JUNE THE BIRD FINDER’S 3-YEAR NOTE BOOK. 1976. By Paul S. Ericks- son. Paul S. Ericksson Inc., New York. $7.95. — This is a permanent personal record book that never dates. It can be started any time and three years of records can be kept and used at a glance. There is room for daily remarks on the weather and other conditions. It has a life list index of more than 700 species of birds found in North America, listed alphabetically by their common and scientific names (based upon the latest update of the Checklist of the American Ornithologists’ Union). There is space provided after each name where the date and other details can be rcorded. This is an ideal record book for anyone who likes to keep detailed, permanent records of their observations. Gary O. Wallace THE VIEW FROM HAWK MOUNTAIN. 1973. By Michael Harwood. Illustrations by Fred Wetzel. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York. 191 pp. $6.95. — In this book the author has several purposes which are interwoven throughout the seven chapters of the book. Each chapter is headed with a line drawing of a raptor. Much of the book covers the hawk flights that are ob- served on Hawk Mountain in eastern Pennsylvania where annually there is a large raptor migration along the Kittatinny Ridge, essentially the southeast edge of the Appalachian chain. Harwood attempts to convey to the reader the thrills associated with observing these hawk flights. At the same time that the author is discussing the thrill of "partaking of the view from the moun- tain” he gives a detailed history of Hawk Mountain, and the people involved in establishing and caring for the Sanctuary. In addition to "partaking in the view” and giving a detailed history a third point is made. The Sanctuary is being damaged due to the heavy visitation by people which has required new facilities, new roads, resulted in overcrowded lookouts and trash accumulation and a lack of privacy for both birds and birders. The book ends by posing a subtle question as to what further changes will do to the mountain and to the hawks that migrate along the Kittatinny. Gary O. Wallace [VoL. 47, 1976] PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION The purpose of THE MIGRANT is the recording of observations and original information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state of Tennessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders. Articles for publication originate almost exclusively from T.O.S. members. Contributors should prepare manuscripts and submit them in a form ac- ceptable to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes are solicited but their format should be somewhat different. Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for publication are given herewith. MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and not submitted for publication elsewhere. TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive. STYLE: Recent issues of THE MIGRANT should be used as a guide in the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is needed reference should be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals available from the Ameri- can Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue N. W., Wash- ington, D. C. 20016. COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8^ x 11" paper with adequate margins, for editorial notations, and should contain only entries intended for setting in type, except the serial page number. Tabular data should be entered on separate sheets with appropriate title and column headings. Photographs intended for reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on glossy white paper in black and white (not in color). Instructions to the editors should be given on a separate sheet. Weights and measurements should be in metric units. Dating should be in "continentar* form (e.g., 7 March 1976). NOMENCLATURE: Common names should be capitalized followed by binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text for both regular articles and Round Table Notes, and should conform to the A.O.U. Check-list 5th edition, 1957 and its Thirty-second Supplement. Trinomial should be used only after the specimen has been measured or com- pared with typical specimens. BIBLIOGRAPHY: When there are more than five references in an article, they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be appropriately included in the text. SUMMARY: Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum- marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from the work performed. IDENTIFICATION: Rare or unusual species identification to be accept- able must be accompanied by verifying evidence. This should include: date, time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment, distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying observation and reference works consulted. REPRINTS; Reprints are available on request. Reprint requests should accompany article at the time of submission. Billing to authors will be through the state T.O.S. Treasurer. Books for review and articles for publication should be submitted to the editor. Seasonal reports and items should be forwarded to the appropriate departmental editor whose name and address will be found on the inside front cover. CONTENTS Annual Autumn Hawk Count. Thomas W> Finucane The History of American Ornithology. Ann T. Tar bell ... The 1975 Christmas Bird Counts. Morris D. Williams The Season. Edited by Fred J. Akop, III Western Coastal Plain. Martha Waldron Central Plateau and Basin Region. Morris D, Williams Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. Daniel R. Jacobson Eastern Mountain Region. Glen D. Eller Reviews Voices of Neotropical Birds. Ben B. Coffey, Jr^ The Life of Birds. Gary O. Wallace The Bird Finder’s 3 -Year Notebook. Gary O. Wallace The View From Hawk Mountain. Gary O. Wallace Illustrations by Fred /. Akop, III ^ QU/IRTER.LY (JOURNAL DEVOTEDvTO TENNESSEK. BIRDS ill >!vmV^^>4%V ‘ V^L*V:;’*'v^^^'- ■•’*•': ^*'.V .* •-’*••; • • *f*'}** vr •* • ** *v, '****'*• **^*«*«**» •j5** Mm %^mi vriip TEMBER, 1976 VOL. 47, NO. 3 THE MIGRANT A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY FIRST PUBLISHED. JUNE 1930 Published By THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1915 A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization. EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR GARY O. WALLACE Rt. 7, Box 338, Sunrise Dr., Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643 *THE SEASON*’ EDITOR FRED J. ALSOP, III Rt. 6, 302 Evergreen St., Church Hill, Tenn. 37642 "STATE COUNT COMPILER” MORRIS D. WILLIAMS Suite 601, 1720 West End Building, Nashville, Tenn. 37203 OFFICERS FOR 1975-77 PRESIDENT RAY JORDAN Department of Biology, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tenn. 38501 VICE-PRESIDENT, EAST TENN BILL WILLIAMS j 1313 Young Ave., Maryville, Tenn. 37801 VICE-PRESIDENT, MIDDLE TENN PAUL CRAWFORD Route 4, Gallatin, Tenn. 37066 VICE-PRESIDENT, WEST TENN JULIAN DARLINGTON j 3112 Glentinnan Road, Memphis, Tenn. 38128 DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE: ‘ EAST TENN JON DeVORE 4922 Sarasota Dr., Hixson, Tenn. 37343 ! MIDDLE TENN DAVID HASSLER Box 1, Byrdstown, Tenn. 38549 WEST TENN MRS. C. K. J. SUMARA 1011 Church St., Tiptonville, Tenn. 38079 CURATOR JAMES T. TANNER Rt. 28, Box 155, Kinoxvilie, Tenn. 37920 SECRETARY MISS LOUISE JACKSON 5037 Montclair Dr., Nashville, Tenn. 37211 TREASURER KENNETH H. DUBKE Rt, 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah, Tenn. 37363 Annual dues, $4.00; Sustaining, $7.50; Life, $100.00; Student, $3.00; Family, $5.00; (chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses). Dues, contributions, and be- quests are deductible from Federal income and estate taxes. Back numbers may be had from Dr. James T. Tanner, Rt. 28, Box 15 5, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920. Correspond with the Treasurer for subscriptions, memberships, and changes of address. Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by Mallicote Printing Inc., 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620, U.S.A. Postage paid and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643, U.S.A. THE MIGRANT Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society, to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee. Issued in March, June, September, and December. VOL. 47 SEPTEMBER, 1976 NO. 3 THE BACHMAN’S SPARROW IN TENNESSEE Charles P. Nicholson Within the past 13 years, the Bachman’s Sparrow {Aimophila aestivalis), formerly a fairly common nesting bird in Tennessee, has become increasingly rare and localized. Because of this decline, the Bachman’s Sparrow is listed as endangered in Tennessee (TWRC 1975). This paper briefly describes the habits and summarizes the history of the Bachman’s Sparrow in Tennessee, and presents recent observations. Range and Migration The breeding range of the Bachman’s Sparrow extends from southern Mis- souri, northeast Illinois, central Indiana and Ohio, southwest Pennsylvania, and central Maryland south to Texas, the Gulf Coast, and central Florida. It win- ters north to central Mississippi, Alabama, north Georgia, and North Carolina (AOU 1957). The earliest spring record for Tennessee is 2, 3, or 4 March and the latest fall record is 17 October. Both of these records are from the Nash- ville area (Parmer 1975). Howell and Monroe (195 8) give average earliest and latest dates in the Knoxville area as 14 April and 18 August. In the Nash- ville area, Parmer (1975) gives expected dates of from 20 April through August. Habitat Bachman’s Sparrow typically occurs in open pine (Pinus spp.) woods, with a heavy ground cover of grasses, shrubs, and brush (Weston 1968; Meanley 1959). In the north-central portion of its range. Brooks (1938) describes its habitat as old fields and eroded hillsides, covered with trees, shrubs, and bram- bles, with heavy herbaceous cover. In Tennessee, it has been found by the author in the open pine habitat, in weedy abandoned fields (Tyler and Lyle 1944), and in open wooded pastures (Ganier 1921; Mayfield 1931). It has also been found in recent dear-cuts or burned areas replanted to pines (M,. D. Williams pers. comm.; D. Burt pers. comm.; C. P. Nicholson pers. observ.) . Nesting The Bachman’s Sparrow builds its nest on the ground, concealed bv low grass clumps. It is constructed of weed stems and grasses, and lined with fine grasses. The nest is frequently, but not always, arched over (Weston 1968). In the north-central part of its range. Brooks (1938) found that the nests were [VoL. 47, 1976] 54 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER usually not domed. Three to five pure white eggs are laid (Weston 1968). Published Tennessee nest records are listed in Table 1. Published records of young or fledglings are listed in Table 2. The only recently recorded nest was found by the author in Fayette County (Waldron 1974). This nest was on the Hobart Ames Plantation, in an area intensively managed for Bobwhite Quail {CoUnus virginianus) . Management activities included maintenance of old fields, periodic controlled burning, and planting food plots. The nest, built in a broomsedge {Andropogon virginianus) clump, was in an old field which was burned the previous March or April (Fig- ures 1 and 2). Herbaceous vegetation in the nest area included broomsedge, goldenrod (Solidago sp.), and Lespideza sp. Other vegetation included black- berry (Rubus sp.), winged sumac (Rhus copallina) , shortleaf pine (P. echi- nata) , and southern red oak {Oiiercns falcafa) . Approximately 2 m southeast of the nest was a foodplot 5 m wide and 5 m west of the nest was a large field of soybeans {Glycine max). An intermittent stream ran through an eroded area 20 m east of the nest. Large oaks grew along this stream. The nest was built of grasses, primarily Vanicum sp., and had an arched roof (Figure 2). The opening faced NNE. The nest, when found at 11:00 A.M. CDT, contained 3 pure white eggs and a nestling. When it was checked later that day at 15:00 P.M., it contained 2 eggs and 2 nestlings. The nest was rechecked on 24 July, and contained 4 partly feathered young. On 31 July, the nest was empty but intact; no sparrows were observed. Weston (1968) gives a record of Bachman’s Sparrows fledging when 10 days old. If the birds described here did fledge, it was in less than 14 days. TABLE 1 Summary of Published Nesting Data Y ear Description Prior to 1910 — Two nests found by R. Gettys in Athens area; one on 24 May, with 5 eggs, incubation begun, made of grass in old field; the other on 7 June with 4 fresh eggs, in old sedge field. (Ijams and Hofferbert 1934). 1918 — Nest described by Ganier (1921), in Nashville area. Found 20 July, 1918, with 4 fresh eggs, in wooded pasture. Nest domed, built of coarse grass and lined with horse hair. 1934 — Nest described by Tyler and Lyle (1934), near Johnson City. Found 18 May, 1934, contained 5 'nearly fresh’ eggs, in weedy abandoned hillside field. Nest not domed, built in clump of dead grass. 1942 — Nest described by Laskey (1942), in Nashville area. Found 3 May, 1942, and contained 2 eggs. Nest domed, built beside 'tiny buckbush’, on hillside. 1944? — Nest described by Hoyt (1943), found 1 July with 4 young, 5 days old Nest domed, built of Panicum grass, located in King’s Woods near Memphis. Young fledged 8 July. 197 5 — Nest found by the author, 4.8 km NE of LaGrange, Fayette County. Found 18 July, 1974, with 3 eggs and 1 young. On 24 July, contained 4 young. Nest domed, built of Vanicum grass, in old field (Nicholson pers. observ., and Waldron 1974). [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 55 TABLE 2 Summary of Published Records of Young or Fledglings Year Description 195 0 — Adult observed feeding a young bird on 11 June, 19 5 0, at Greeneville, by Nevius (1950). 19 53 — Three young observed on 7 June, 19 5 3, by H. O. Todd in Rutherford County (De- Vore 1975). 1954 — Adult feeding fledglings on 4 June, 1954, in Chickamauga Park (Anon. 1954). 1974 — No young or nest observed, but adult seen carrying food on 17 and 24 July, 1974, in McLemore’s Cove, Georgia, by G. L. Bayne and D. J. Jacobson (Nicholson 1974). On 18 and 24 July, the adult sat on the nest and allowed me to approach within about a meter of the nest. It then fluttered from the nest, landed near- by, and ran back and forth through the vegetation, a few meters away. As it ran about, the sparrow made a high-pitched, somewhat insect-like noise. This same behavior has been observed by Brooks (1938), and Hoyt (1945). On 18 July, both adults gave this distraction performance. Recent History The Bachman’s Sparrow, formerly found throughout Tennessee, is now rare and locally distributed. The reasons for this decline are not known. In 195 8, Howell and Monroe described the bird as a fairly common summer resi- FIG. 1. Bachman’s Sparrow nesting habitat, Fayette Co., TN. Nest was found in strip on right of food plot. [VoL. 47, 1976] 56 THE MIGRANT SEPTEMBER FIG. 2. Bachman’s' Sparrow nest, containing 2 young and 2 eggs, 18 July 1974, Fayette Co., TN. | I, dent in Knox County, but it has not been observed there since 1968. In 1962, '! Switzer noted it as scarce or absent in the Kingsport area, where it formerly occurred regularly. Parmer (1975), writing about the Nashville area, stated : that the Bachman’s Sparrow was formerly a "fairly common nester . . . the total disappearance of this species is not understood; suitable habitat is avail- able.” The sparrow’s occurrence on the Spring Field Days, conducted by the Tennessee Ornithological Society, is given for 1950 through 1975 in Table 3. | The data show declining numbers in the 1960’s and no reports at all after , 1968. Table 4 lists the most recent sightings in the state. Many of the birds listed in Table 4 were found in clearcut or burned areas, replanted to pines. Williams’ 1971 record was from a burned area planted to pines, 1.8 -2. 4 m tall at that time. Koella’s 1974 Cumberland County record j; was from a broomsedge field planted to pines, then 0.4-1 m tall. The birds i found by Burt and the author in Rhea County were in two different clear- i cuts, both of which were planted to loblolly pine (P.taeda) in the spring of 1972. During 1974, the pines were 1-1.7 m tall. One of the clearcuts, of 213 i ha, held at least three singing males in 1974 and 1975. The other area, of i 124 ha, held three singing males in 1974 and two in 1975. For a further de- j scription of these areas, see Burt (1975). The pair found by the author in 1975 was in a power-line right-of-way, ij grown up in broomsedge, sumac, Vanicum, and asters. On both sides of the | right-of-way were 3-10” DBH loblolly pine plantations. The pines were fairly | open and had a heavy understory of honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) . j [VoL. .47, .1976] j 1976 THE MIGRANT 57 TABLE 3 Bachman’s sparrows recorded on spring field days, 195 0-1975, show- ing DATE OF COUNT AND NUMBER OBSERVED. ONLY THOSE COUNTS REPORT- ING Bachman’s sparrows at least once from 1950-1975 are included. SOME OF THE DATES EARLY IN THE YEAR MAY BE OF MIGRATING, NON-RESIDENT BIRDS. FROM THE MIGRANT, VOLS. 21-46- - 0) (V H CO ClO 0 0 V'->V-'*’ M .*: ^ V. .LjM fcSVV'i'**'* • •• « * ' ••?:*;:•• •* ;*• . • • * % t • .* j“.-v.*t:*»s. /Sii % 1:EMBER, 1976 OL. 47, NO. 4 Itit MIGRANT A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1930 Published By THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1915 A non-pro£t, educational, scientific, and conservation organization. EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR GARY O. WALLACE Rt. 7, Box 338, Sunrise Dr., Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643 **THE SEASON’’ EDITOR FRED J. ALSOP, III Rt. 6, 302 Evergreen St., Church Hill, Tenn. 37642 **STATE COUNT COMPILER” MORRIS D. WILLIAMS Suite 601, 1720 West End Building, Nashville, Tenn. 37203 OFFICERS FOR 1975-77 PRESIDENT ray JORDAN Department of Biology, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tenn. 38501 VICE-PRESIDENT, EAST TENN BILL WILLIAMS 1313 Young Ave., Maryville, Tenn. 37801 VICE-PRESIDENT, MIDDLE TENN PAUL CRAWFORD Route 4, Gallatin, Tenn. 37066 VICE-PRESIDENT, WEST TENN JULIAN DARLINGTON 3112 Glentinnan Road, Memphis, Tenn. 38128 i DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE: I EAST TENN JON DeVORE 4922 Sarasota Dr., Hixson, Tenn. 37343 MIDDLE TENN DAVID HASSLER Box 1, Byrdstown, Tenn. 38549 WEST TENN MRS. C. K. J. SUMARA 1011 Church St., Tiptonville, Tenn. 38079 ! CURATOR JAMES T. TANNER Rt. 28, Box 155, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920 SECRETARY MISS LOUISE JACKSON 5037 Montclair Dr., Nashville, Tenn. 37211 j TREASURER KENNETH H. DUBKE ! Rt. 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah, Tenn. 37363 j Annual dues, $4.00; Sustaining, $7.50; Life, $100.00; Student, $3.00; Family, $5.00; (chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses). Dues, contributions, and bequests arc deductible from Federal income and estate taxes. Back numbers may be had from Dr. James T. Tanner, Rt. 28, Box 15 5, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920. Correspond with the Treasurer for subscriptions, imemberships, and changes of address. Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by Mallicote Printing Inc., 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620, U.S.A. Postage paid and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643, U.S.A. THE MIGRANT Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society, to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee. Issued in March, June, September, and December. VOL. 47 DECEMBER, 1976 NO. 4 THE 1973 FORAY: BENTON COUNTY Fred J. Aesop, III: Foray Director Thirty-one hard-core birders from across the State assembled at Nathan Bedford Forrest State Park near Camden for the third annual T.O.S. Foray. Benton County was the study area for this year’s foray. As in previous years, daily birding trips were to be made through all parts of the county with records being made of all individual birds detected during the counting period, 2 5-28 May. Compilations were made at the end of each day with emphasis on daily field lists, roadside count censuses, and the location of nests. The Yellow and Prairie Warblers were chosen the Foray birds. Don and Gina Manning were the assistant directors of the foray and saw to the countless tasks of providing materials, laying out roadside routes, arranging publicity, obtaining permission of land-owners, etc., prior to the arrival of the birders. They had everything well in hand but the weather. Skies were clear to partly cloudy on Friday and Saturday with temperatures ranging from the mid-60’s to the low 80’s, but Sunday brought rain, and by noon it was so heavy most birders were indoors. By sunset Sunday most were homeward bound, mak- ing this the briefest foray of the three. Benton County is located along the west bank of the Tennessee River (Ken- tucky Lake) in West Tennessee. The river forms its northern and eastern boundaries, Decatur County its southern, and Carroll and FFenry Counties its western border. The County is a low-lying area of approximately 3 5 0 square miles with most elevations ranging between 300-5 00 feet. It is a sparsely popu- lated region with an estimated population of 15,000. The land is about equally divided agriculturally between cultivated lands, pasture lands, and small wood- lots of mixed hardwoods and pines. There are several large tracts that are productive for the birder including Nathan Bedford Forrest State Park and Natchez Trace State Park and Forest. The Duck River and Big Sandy units of the Tennessee National Wildlife Refuge have already produced many interesting records of rarely recorded species in the State. The birding is especially good during spring and fall migrations and in the winter months for shorebirds, waterfowl, and raptors. The many miles of shoreline along Kentucky Lake with willows, marshes, exposed mudflats when the lake level drops, as well as the surface of the water itself, promise a potential for producing many important records, especially during the migratory and breeding seasons. [VoL. 47, 1976] 82 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER THE 1973 FORAY SPECIES LIST The following annotated species list was edited and compiled from all the reports received from the Foray participants. The following points should be noted with regard to the species listed, and to their numbers: 1) most of the birds are permanent and/ or summer residents and, therefore, may be breeding in Benton County; but several are late transients, etc., and 2) the numbers following the species name indicate the total number of observations made of that species and should not be considered the number of individuals of that species present. For example, the 91 Killdeer reported means this species was recorded on 91 different occasions, but not that 91 different Killdeer were known to be present in the County during the Foray. There is wide, and some- times overlapping, coverage of the area by the participants during the counting period. Where only one bird represents its species on the list, and/ or where several individuals of one species were reported by only one party, the name(s) of the observer (s) appears in the list. Species reported, but not accepted by the directors, do not appear in the list which follows. Scientific names have been omitted to save print space. Great Blue Heron — 8; Green Heron — 42; Little Blue Heron — 4; Cattle Egret — 1, John Conder; Black-crowned Night Heron — 2, Henry and Helen Dinkelspiel; Yellow-crowned Night Heron — 1, Fred Alsop; Least Bittern — 1, Fred Alsop, Don and Gina Manning; Mallard — 3 5, domestic or wild?; Blue- winged Teal — 10; Wood Duck — 85; Scaup (species?) — 1, transient, Dinkel- spiels; Hooded Merganser — 1, transient?, C. P. Nicholson and Morris Williams; Turkey Vulture — 60; Black Vulture — 7; Sharp-shinned Hawk — 1, John Elson; Red-tailed Hawk — 13; Red-shouldered Hawk — 7; Broad-winged Hawk — 15; American Kestrel — 2; Bobwhite — 3 88; Turkey — 7; American Coot — 1, Fred Alsop, Don and Gina Manning; Semipalmated Plover — 2, transient; Killdeer — 91; American Woodcock — 1, Ken and Lil Dubke; Spotted Sandpiper — 5, tran- sient; Solitary Sandpiper — 2, transient; Pectoral Sandpiper — 5, transient; White- rumped Sandpiper — 20, transient; Least Sandpiper — 4, transient; Semipalmated Sandpiper — 45, transient; Ring-billed Gull — 1, transient, Fred Alsop, Don and Gina Manning; Tern {Sterna sp.) — 7, transient, Fred Alsop, Don and Gina Manning; Least Tern — 1, transient?, Fred Alsop, Don and Gina Manning; Rock Dove — 9; Mourning Dove — 5 32; Yellow-billed Cuckoo — 33; Black-billed Cuckoo — 3; Screech Owl — 3; Barred Owl — 8; Chuck-will’s-widow — 21; Whip- poor-will — 19; Common Nighthawk — 19; Chimney Swift — 289; Ruby- throated Hummingbird — 16; Belted Kingfisher — 6; Common Flicker — 51, this number when compared with that of the following species perhaps indicates some voice misidentifications between the two; Plicated Woodpecker — 39; Red-bellied Woodpecker — 163; Red-headed Woodpecker — 1, C. P. Nicholson and Morris Williams; Hairy Woodpecker — 9; Downy Woodpecker — 70; Eastern Kingbird — 161; Great Crested Flycatcher — 139; Eastern Phoebe — 47; Acadian Flycatcher — 77; Willow Flycatcher — 6, is the species continuing to extend its breeding range into West Tennessee?; Eastern Wood Pewee — 120; Horned Lark — 12; Tree Swallow — 3, transients?; Bank Swallow — 8, transients?; Rough- winged Swallow — 13; Barn Swallow — 3 36; Cliff Swallow — 8 34; Purple Martin — 172; Blue Jay — 372; Common Crow — 141; Carolina Chickadee — 121; Tufted Titmouse — 275; White-breasted Nuthatch — 6; Bewick’s Wren — 5; Carolina Wren — 104; Northern Mockingbird — 327; Gray Catbird — 50; Brown [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 83 Thrasher — 121; American Robin — 160; Wood Thrush — 172; Swainson’s Thrush — 2, transient; Eastern Bluebird — 15 0; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher — 88; Cedar Waxwing — 10; Loggerhead Shrike — 40; Starling — 13 5; White-eyed Vireo — 228; Yellow-throated Vireo — 51; Red-eyed Vireo — 96; Warbling Vireo — 3; Black-and-white Warbler — 15; Prothonotary Warbler — 67; Swainson’s Warbler — 1, Gary O, Wallace; Worm-eating Warbler — 9; Blue-winged Warbler — 16; Tennessee Warbler — 1, transient, Ben and Lula Coffey; Parula Warbler — 5; Yellow Warbler — 8; Black-throated Green Warbler — 1, transient?, C. P. Nich- olson and Morris Williams; Cerulean Warbler — 8; Yellow-throated Warbler — 16; Bay-breasted Warbler — 3, transient; Blackpoll Warbler — 6; Pine Warbler — 47; Prairie Warbler — 129; Ovenbird — 7; Louisiana Waterthrush — 28; Kentucky Warbler — 73; Connecticut Warbler — 1, transient, C. P. Nicholson and Morris Williams; Mourning Warbler — 1, transient, Ben and Lula Coffey; Common Yellowthroat — 190; Yellow-breasted Chat — 167; Hooded Warbler — 6; Wilson’s Warbler — 1, transient, Fred Alsop, Don and Gina Manning; Canada Warbler — 1, transient. Bred Alsop, Don and Gina Manning; American Redstart — 4; House Sparrow — 139; Eastern Meadowlark — 374; Red-winged Blackbird — 969; Or- chard Oriole — 210; Common Crackle — 1,169; Brown-headed Cowbird — 343; Scarlet Tanager — 31; Summer Tanager — 166; Cardinal — 599; Blue Grosbeak — 20; Indigo Bunting — 444; Dickcissel — 11; American Goldfinch — 419; Rufous- sided Towhee — 263; Grasshopper Sparrow — 7; Bachman’s Sparrow — 1, George Mayfield and Tony Koella; Chipping Sparrow — 44; Lield Sparrow — 15 0; White- crowned Sparrow — 1, transient, C. P. Nicholson and Morris Williams; Song Sparrow — 3, this is the western-most known record in the State for this species during the breeding season — many birders saw these birds near Eva along the lake shore. The 134 species of birds reported are represented by 13,644 individual ob- servations. The twenty most commonly contacted species were, in descending order of abundance: Common Crackle (1,169), Red-winged Blackbird (969), Cliff Swallow (834), Cardinal ( 599), Mourning Dove ( 532), Indigo Bunting (444), Bobwhite (388), Eastern Meadowlark (374), Blue Jay (372), Brown- headed Cowbird (343), Barn Swallow (336), Northern Mockingbird (327), Chimney Swift (289), Tufted Titmouse (275), Rufous-sided Towhee (263), White-eyed Vireo (228), Orchard Oriole (210), Common Yellowthroat (190), Wood Thrush (172), and Summer Tanager (166). The preceding list raises several questions that West Tennessee birders have the opportunity to seek answers to as they bird Benton and the surrounding counties. Has the presence of the Willow Flycatcher in the nesting season been over- looked because the species arrives in mid-May after many T.O.S.’ers have slowed their birding activities, or is it newly arrived and just extending its breeding range into this area of the State? The six observations of this species coupled with the excellent habitat especially that along the lake shore similar to that used by the bird in East and Middle Tennessee makes it reasonable to expect confirmed nesting records should be forthcoming from west of the Tennessee River soon. The small number of Warbling Vireos reported (3) compared to the abun- dance of Orchard Orioles (210) may suggest the song of the oriole, which may be more familiar to most Tennessee birders, is being confused with that of the [VoL. 47, 1976] 84 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER vireo’s which is similar. Further work should give us a better concept of the relative status of these two species. The Bachman’s Sparrow record by Mayfield and Koella indicates a possible new location for this most uncommon nesting species. Several other parties went to the location, but though the habitat looked "right” for the species, were unable to locate the singing bird. Because of its increasing rarity in the State, some efforts should be made to determine how many individuals are present in the county. The locating of Song Sparrows on the west bank of the Tennessee River is exciting news. The previous western-most breeding record of this bird is from the Nashville area. The birds were seen by many in proper nesting habitat along the river bank in a small boat access area near Eva. A close reading of the species list and the numbers of individual observations will show this Foray raised additional questions and challenges for the serious birder working the avafauna of this area. THE BREEDING BIRD SURVEY Censuses over areas of known size were conducted to learn something of the density of the breeding bird population in Benton County. Roadside counts were used to obtain this information. Four routes had been established for the Foray and each was run only once, on Saturday, 26 May. Poor weather pro- hibited planned runs on Sunday. Each count began at 5:10 a.m. (CDST) and was run over a preselected 24.5 mile route with the observer stopping each 0.5 mile and recording all birds detected for three minutes for each of 50 such stops. These routes were censused by the following birders: Ken and Lil Dubke, #2) Henry and Helen Dinkelspiel with Ernie Restivo observing, #3) George Mayfield and Tony Koella, and #4) Lloyd and Helen Clayton. Species totals for each of the four censuses appear in Table 1. The Bay- breasted Warbler and the Blackpolls are late transients. Eighty-seven species represented by 2,378 individuals were recorded. The ten most common birds on the Benton County roadsides in decreasing order of abundance as shown by the four counts are: Common Crackle (182), Red-winged Blackbird (138), Mourning Dove (129), Blue Jay (127), Bobwhite (115), Cardinal (95), Indigo Bunting (91), Eastern Meadowlark (90), Tufted Titmouse (78), and Barn Swallow (78). BREEDING BIRDS RECORDS THROUGH NEST LOCATION As in other forays, this year’s participants were alert in their daily birding activities in watching for and recording as many nests as possible. Nests are not easily found even when one decides to look for them, but during this shortened foray 378 nests of 17 species were located (3 51 of which belonged to a single colonial nesting species, the Cliff Swallow, and were clustered in three loca- tions— 140 under the bridge over Birdsong Creek and 210 under the U.S. 70 bridge over the Tennessee River). Cornell University nesting card program cards were completed for each observation. A summation of the breeding records thus gained are presented as follows: NESTS FOUND DURING THE 1973 FORAY. E = eggs, Y = young. Wood Duck: 7Y; 7Y; 5Y; 5Y; 4Y. Broad-winged Hawk: lE — lY. Bobwhite: [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 85 TABLE 1 RESULTS FROM FOUR DIFFERENT ROADSIDE COUNTS Route Total"" Route #2 #3 ^ Total SPECIES NUMBER/50 STOPS SPECIES NUMBER/50 STOPS . 0 13 5 2 0 0 2 Green Heron 1 Black-cr.Nt. Heron 0 Wood Duck 5 Turkey Vultxire 0 Black Vulture 0 Red-tailed Hawk 0 Red-shld. Hawk 0 Broad-wg. Hawk 1 Bobwhite 21 Killdeer 0 Rock Dove 0 Mourning Dove 22 Yellow-b. Cuckoo 0 Black-b. Cuckoo 1 Barred Owl 0 Chuck-w-widow 0 Whip-p-will 5 Chimney Swift 5 R-t Hummingbird 1 Belt. Kingfisher 0 Common Flicker 5 Pileated Wpkr. 1 Red-bel. Wpkr. 15 Hairy Woodpecker 0 Downy Woodpecker 1 E. Kingbird 4 Gr. Crest. Flycat. 2 E, Phoebe 4 Acadian Flycat. 6 Willow Flycatcher 2 E. Wood Pewee 6 Horned Lark 0 Rough-w. Swallow 0 Barn Swallow 9 Purple Martin 2 Blue Jay 26 Common Crow 5 Carolina Chickadee 5 Tufted Titmouse 25 Wt.-br. Nuthatch 0 Bewick's Wren 0 Carolina Wren 4 N. Mockingbird 5 0 3 3 9 1 8 3 12 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 3 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 2 23 52 19 115 4 7 1 12 0 2 0 2 52 50 5 129 2 3 2 9 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 6 35 11 9 60 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 3 2 1 9 2 2 7 12 15 16 4 50 0 2 0 2 7 6 2 16 9 8 3 24 18 11 8 39 4 4 0 12 0 0 2 8 0 0 0 2 7 13 3 29 0 4 0 4 0 2 0 2 27 37 5 78 19 20 0 41 54 33 14 127 28 17 5 55 3 10 2 20 15 20 18 78 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 8 5 6 23 23 13 7 48 Gray Catbird Brown Thrasher American Robin Wood Thrush Eastern Bluebird B-g. Gnatcatcher Cedar Waxwing Loggerhd. Shrike Starling Wt-eyed Vireo Yel-thd. Vireo Red-eyed Vireo Bl-&-wt. Warbler Prothon. Warbler Worm-eat. Warbler Parulla Warbler Yellow Warbler Cerulean Warbler Bay-breast. Warb. Biackpoll Warbler Pine Warbler Prairie Warbler Ovenbird La. Waterthrush Kentucky Warbler C. Yellowthroat Yel-bred. Chat Hooded Warbler House Sparrow E. Meadowlark R-w. Blackbird Orchard Oriole Common Crackle Br-hd . Cowbird Scarlet Tanager Summer Tanager Cardinal Blue Grosbeak Indigo Bunting Amer. Goldfinch Ruf-sd. Towhee Bachman' s Sparrow Chipping Sparrow Field Sparrow 3 2 0 2 7 2 5 2 8 15 3 24 13 3 43 14 5 13 10 42 7 6 4 3 20 3 0 10 0 13 0 1 0 1 2 0 3 1 0 4 11 15 11 0 37 17 12 19 14 62 2 2 2 0 6 3 4 1 4 12 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 2 1 3 2 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 11 0 3 0 14 9 4 12 8 33 1 0 0 0 1 4 0 1 0 5 3 1 7 3 14 14 9 19 5 ^7 13 8 13 16 50 1 0 0 0 1 1 7 22 0 30 11 39 37 3 90 13 57 57 11 138 11 14 0 4 29 7 88 76 11 182 7 7 14 1 29 3 1 3 1 8 12 5 5 10 32 24 26 31 14 95 0 1 4 0 5 IT 21 37 16 91 2 3 11 2 18 17 17 28 8 70 0 0 1 0 1 2 6 5 0 13 13 7 21 7 48 lE. Yellow-billed Cuckoo: nest contents unknown. Downy Woodpecker: nest contents unknown. Eastern Kingbird: adult incubating. Eastern Phoebe: 5E; nest complete — contents unknown; adult incubating; 3Y. Acadian Flycatcher: nest half-completed; nest almost complete — 3 nests at this stage; 2E. Cliff Swallow: nest contents unknown. Prairie Warbler: 3Y — approximately 10 days old being fed by adult. Red-winged Blackbird: IE — 3Y. THE FORAY BIRD PROJECT Two species, the Yellow Warbler and the Prairie Warbler were selected as the Foray birds with the intent of recording as much information on their status in Benton County as possible. Because of the inclement weather on Sunday the [VoL. 47, 1976] B6 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER only information obtained was the number of observations of each species (Yellow Warbler— 8 and Prairie Warbler— 129) made the first days of the project. From this small bit of data it is somewhat surprising that the Yellow Warbler is so uncommon. There appears to be much suitable habitat at present for this species — to the eye, very similar to what it is using in surrounding regions of Tennessee — but few birds were detected. PARTICIPANTS The following birders were registered for the foray: Fred J. Alsop, III, Helen Clayton, Floyd Clayton, Ben Coffey, Lula Coffey, John R. Conder, Helen Dinkelspiel, Henry Dinkelspiel, Ken Dubke, Lil Dubke, Elizabeth Elson, John Elson, David Hassler, Robbie Hassler, Tony Koella, Don Manning, Gina Man- ning, George R. Mayfield, Mark Mayfield, Rad Mayfield, Chuck Nicholson, Arlo Smith, Noreen Smith, Jim Tanner, Nancy Tanner, Jim Waldron, Martha Waldron, Brenda Wallace, Gary O. Wallace, Morris D. Williams. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Gratitude is expressed to Don and Gina Manning who, as assistant foray directors, saw to the countless items, large and small, that meant so much in assuring a successful Foray. My thanks, too, to the many excellent birders from across Tennessee for once again working as hard at a favorite avocation to assemble the preceding ornithological information on another county of our State not frequently visited by birders. The Foray is birding at its best and you should be a part of the next one. Good birding. Department of Biology, Kingsport University Center, University Avenue, Kingsport, Tennessee 37660. THE SIXTY-SECOND ANNUAL SPRING TOS MEETING REELFOOT LAKE 6, 7, 8 May 1977 Headquarters will be at Ellington Hall. Rooms at the state-owned Air Park Inn and the Spillway Motel will be held for TOS members until 26 March. Additional information will be furnished later by the host chapter, Memphis. If further information is needed, contact Dr. Julian Darlington, 3112 Glenfinnan Road, Memphis, Tennessee 3 8128. [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 87 CHANGES IN THE NAMES OF SOME TENNESSEE BIRDS DUE TO RECENT TAXONOMIC DECISIONS The Thirty-Third Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Checklist of North American Birds (1976, Ank 93:875-879) covers several changes in the names of North American birds. In this paper, I have extracted and condensed the material in the Supplement that relates to birds that have been reported from Tennessee. The purpose of this paper is to assist both con- tributors to The yiigrant and readers who may be puzzled by the appearance of new names in The Migrant. Most of the changes involve the scientific or Latin names; only a few English names are changed. I have included only those changes that occur at the species level; since we rarely deal with the subspecies in The Migrant. Readers who are interested in more details, including the changes that relate to other North American birds, or the reasons behind the changes, are referred to the paper cited above, which also cites the works of the many taxonomists whose opinions are reflected in the Supplement. LIST OF CHANGES The Latin name of the Green Heron is changed from Biitorides virescens to Butorides striatns. The English name remains the same. The Black Brant which was formerly considered a full species, Brant a nigricans, is now considered a subspecies of the Brant. The Latin name for the species is Branta bernicla, and the English name is Brant. The English name for the Tree Ducks is changed to Whistling-Duck. For example, the Fulvous Tree Duck becomes the Fulvous Whistling-Duck. There is no change in the Latin names. The Latin name of the Mississippi Kite is changed from the former incorrect spelling, Ictinia misisippiensis, to the correct spelling, Ictinia mississippiensis. The English name remains the same. The Latin name of the Caspian Tern is changed from Hydroprogne caspia to Sterna caspia. The English name remains the same. The Latin name of the Red-bellied Woodpecker is changed from Centnrns carolinus to Melanerpes caroUnus. There is no change in the English name. The Latin name of the Hairy Woodpecker is changed from Dendrocopos villostis to Picoides villoms. The Latin name of the Downy Woodpecker is changed from Dendrocopos pubescens to Picoides pnbescens. The Latin name of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker is changed from Dendrocopos borealis to Picoides borealis. The English names of these woodpeckers remain the same. The Latin name of the Long-billed Marsh Wren is changed from Telmato- dytes palustris to Cistothorus palustris. The English name remains the same. The Latin name of the Common Redpoll is changed from Acanthis flani- mea. The Latin name of the Pine Siskin is changed from Spinns pinus to Carduelis pinus. The Latin name of the American Goldfinch is changed from Spinns tristis to Carduelis tristis. The English names of these finches remain the same. [VoL. 47, 1976] 88 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER Contributors to The Migrant should adopt these changes in nomenclature along with those covered in the Thirty-Second Supplement (1973, Atik 90: 411-419 and 887) which Alsop (1973, The Migrant, 44:29-33) has sum- marized. These two Supplements update the nomenclature of the last edition of the A.O.U. Checklist of North American Birds (1957, 5th Edition), which is the nomenclature found in modern field guides. In summary, the currently accepted nomenclature for Tennessee birds is not available in any single source, but must be drawn from several sources. The sources most readily available to most readers are: (1) a recent field guide such as. Birds of North America, Robbins, et al. New York, Golden Press; (2) Alsop’s 1973 paper (note that in Table II, p. 3 0 of Alsop’s paper the genus of the Henslow’s Sparrow should be Ammodramus, not Calcarijis)''" ; and (3) this article. Morris D. Williams, Tennessee Heritage Program, Department of Conser- vation, Suite 601, 1720 West End Building, Nashville 37203. '-"Editor’s Note: Correction made in The Migrant, 44:76, 1973. BOOK REVIEWS A.B.A. CHECKLIST: BIRDS OF CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES AND CANADA. 1975. Checklist Committee of the American Birding Associa- tion. 64p. $3.50. Available from A.B.A., P. O. Box 433 5, Austin, Texas 78765. A committee chaired by Chandler S. Robbins prepared this complete up-to-date checklist of the bird species that have been recorded in the 49 Continental United States and Canada. There are 794 species listed. Given for each species are the common and scientific names, a symbol to denote present status, a bracket for your personal check mark and a blank space to enter the date and location of your first observation. Species recorded fewer than ten times during the 20th century are listed separately. For N. A. bird listers, this little book provides a convenient way of keeping up with your bird list. Gary O. Wallace OWLS OF THE WORLD/THEIR EVOLUTION, STRUCTURE AND ECOLOGY. 1976. Edited by John A. Burton. Illustrated by John Rignall. A & W Visual Library, New York. 216 p. $9.9 5. This book covers anatomy, external features, evolution, distribution, habits, conservation and human rela- tionships for most species of owls. Fourteen ornithologists from Europe provide the factual information in a clear, non-technical language. The book is well illustrated by John Rignall with range maps, 99 full color photographs, and 80 detailed paintings of the rarer species whose nocturnal habits and remote loca- tions have made them difficult to photograph. A species list and a table of owl vocalizations are appended. It is one of the better reference books on owls. Gary O. Wallace [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 89 THE 1976 SPRING FIELD DAYS MORRIS D. WILLIAMS This year’s total of 215 species is just one species short of last year’s all time high count. If we could have included counts from Reelfoot, Lebanon, and Great Smoky Mountains, we could easily have surpassed the previous record. Counts from 14 areas are tabulated according to geographic position from west to east across the state. Two counts are listed from Columbia. I would like to suggest that chapters with such enthusiasm as Columbia conduct their second count in an adjoining area that is not as well known. Information on the Counts MEMPHIS: 2 5 April. Shelby Lorest to Coro Lake and Penal Farm. Cloudy: wind 15-25 mph. Memphis Chapter T.O.S., Ben B. Coffey, Jr., Compiler, 672 N. Belvedere, Memphis 38107. NATCHEZ TRACE STATE PARK AND FOREST: 8 and 9 May. Mem- phis Chapter T.O.S., Ben B. Coffey, Jr., Compiler, 672 N. Belvedere, Memphis 38107. LAWRENCE COUNTY : 8 and 9 May. Helen and Lloyd Clayton in the Deerfield vicinity; David Ihrie, Mark Reeves, Damien Simbeck, and Don Sim- beck around Loretto; and Morris Williams at Five Points. COLUMBIA : 1st Count, 24 April. (All day; rain in a.m. then clearing; 60-70°) . Four parties with 1 5 observers: Kenneth Anderson, Dot and Ed Byassee, Mary and William Fuqua, Dan and Gaither Gray, Marsha and Olin Hotchkiss, Anne and Bedford Lockridge, George and Mark Mayfield, Allen and Diane Presnell; and two yard and feeder watchers — Jack Hughes and Cleo Mayfield. This count appears in the left column under the heading "Colu,” and the following counts appears in the right column. 2nd Count, 7-8 May, 1 p.m. - 1 p.m. clear; 40-68°. Three parties with 9 observers; Rachel Garrett, Mary and Tom Guschke, Louise Hardison, Anne and Bedford Lockridge, George Mayfield (compiler of both counts, Maury County Hospital, Columbia 3 8401 ) , Delton and Paul Porter; and four yard and feeder watchers — Barbara Finney, Dan Gray, Jack Hughes, and Diane Presnell. Red-throated Loons seen by Mayfield and Porters. NASHVILLE: 8 and 9 May, 2 days, midnight to midnight; clear, 5 0-70°. 30 mile radius of Nashville. Clyde D. Anderson, compiler, 1214 McCavock Pike, Nashville 37216. The Snow Goose was one of the blue morphs. In addition to the birds listed in the table, there were five unidentified terns and seven Em piclonax. The Em- pidonax listed were identified by song. One of the very late Hermit Thrushers was banded. MURFREESBORO : 24 and 2 5 April. Fifteen mile radius of city. Windy, overcast; 5 5-70°. Twenty-five observers. Anne Hettish, compiler, 1018 Lawn- dale Dr., Murfreesboro 3713 0. [VoL. 47, 1976] 90 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER 1976 SPRING COUNT Hem Nat Law Colu Nash Hurf Tull Cook Chat Knox Gree King Bris Eli Common Loon — — — — 5 ^ — — — 2 — — 1 Red-throated Loon — — — — 8 Horned Grebe — — — 2 — Pied-billed Grebe h — • — 8 19- — — — 2 9- — 1 — 7 Dbl.-cr. Cormorant — — — — — 1 — — — 3 Great Blue Heron — — — — — — — — 1 6 2 1 4 — 1 Green Heron 3 — 388 9-2 2 3 1 20 5 9- 2 5 9 Cattle Egret 6 — — — — Great Egret — — — — — — — ■ — — — — — — ■ — 1 Bl.-cr. Night Heron — — — 3 — 9-7 — — — — 6 Yel.cr. Night Heron 6 — — — 12 2 — — 1 — ■ — 9- Least Bittern — — — — — — — — — 1 American Bittern — — — — 2 3 — — — 3 — — 2 Canada Goose — — — 5 9-3 122 — 13 — 75 9 2 Snow Goose — — — — — 1 Hallard 3 — — 28 6 56 — 19 7 19- 5 5 83 39- 17 Black Duck — — — 1 — — — — — — — 1 Gadwall — — — — 9- — — — — 2 Pintail — — — — — — — — — — — 1 Green-winged Teal — — — — — 1 Blue-winged Teal 3 — — 9-6 27 96 — — 9 33 4 15 30 — 11 Northern Shoveler — — — 2 — 3 Wood Duck 8 — — 22 20 48 — — 4 23 20 8 126 2 35 Redhead — — — 1 — Ring-necked Duck — — - — — 1 — — — — -- — 4 1 Canvasback — — — — — 3 Greater Scaup — — — — — — — — — 2 Lesser Scaup 11 — — — • — 1 — — ■ — 1 10 Bufflehead — — — — — — — — — — — — 30 Ruddy Duck 16 — — 11 — Hooded Herganser — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 Red-br. Herganser — — — 1 — — — — — — — — 2 Turkey Vulture 1 3 19 31 6 67 8 13 1 11 8 9 16 7 9 Black Vulture 3 6 1 16 27 50 19 5 — 5 — 1 35 5 1 liississippi Kite 1 — — — — Goshawk — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 Sharp-sh. Hawk — — — — — 3 — — — ■ — — — — — 1 Cooper's Hawk — — — 1 — 1 — — — 1 — • 1 — 1 1 Red-tailed Hawk 11 13 92 23 9 1 4 3 8 — 2 1 2 Red-should. Hawk — 2 14 — 2 9 — — — 1 Broad-winged Hawk 521425 — — — 7 6 — 1 3 5 Harsh Hawk — — — ______ 3 5 1 __ __ __ 1 Osprey — — — — — 1 — — — 5 2 — 1 — 4 American Kestrel 1 — 12 15 4 41 12 1 2 2 6 1 3 — 2 Ruffed Grouse — — — ■ — — ■ — — — — — — — 1 — 6 Bobwhite 6 1 37 51 26 191 39 20 36 19 53 26 16 10 94 Turkey 1 — — — — 1 King Rail — — — — — — — — — 3 Virginia Rail 1 — — — 1 — — — — — — — 1 Sora — — — 5 17 8 — — -- 1 — — 1 American Coot 15 — — 130 152 47 29 — — 28 13 10 20 1 2 Semipalmated Plover — — — — 2 13 — — -- 2 Killdeer 10 — 5 27 10 106 18 4 23 10 109 16 53 7 97 American Woodcock — — — 5 1 5 — — 6 — 1 — 1 — 9 Common Snipe 1 — — 2 — 3 1 — — 9 7 4 1 1 3 Upland Sandpiper 4 — — — — Spotted Sandpiper 4 3 — 1 4 52 — 1 — 12 15 2 109 — 19 Solitary Sandpiper 8 2 2 7 2 17 1 — — 17 9 21 13 1 25 Greater Yellowlegs — 1 — 8 — 2 — — — 7 2 8 1 — 2 Lesser Yellowlegs 9 2 — 29 11 12 1 __ __ 22 6 9 2 — 2 Pectoral Sandpiper — 1 — 2 9 6 — — -- 1 Baird ' s Sandpiper — — — — — — — — -- — — — — — 9 Least Sandpiper 9 3 — 1 18 131 — — — 11 — — 7 — 1 Dunlin — — -- — — — — — — 3 Semipal. Sandpiper — — — 19 14 — — — — Herring Gull — — — — — 2 — — - — — 2 — 1 — 21 Ring-billed Gull — — — 19 — — — 15 6 — 1 — 1 Bonaparte's Gull — — — — — 2 — — — — — — — — — Forster's Tern — — — 1 — 5 Common Tern — — — — 7 2 — — — 1 [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRAiNT 91 Mem Nat Law Colu Nash Murf Tull Cook Chat Knox Gree King Bris Eli Caspian Tern 2 Black Tern 2 1 Rock Dove 100 — 12 106 6 125 5 7 12 24 86 — 52 41 54 Mourning Dove 41 3 57 82 11 301 37 56 191 57 255 39 55 44 55 Yellow-billed Cuckoo — 2 12 1 3 26 — 1 — 1 — — 2 1 — Black-billed Cuckoo 1 Barn Owl 1 1 1 6 5 — 2 Screech Owl — — 1 — 1 5 4 — 5 1 1 1 5 1 11 Great Horned Owl — — 2 4 5 3 — — 5 — 1 — 1 — — Barred Owl — 2 11 5 8 2 1 Chuck-will ' s-widow 1 2 8 4 2 10 1 6 1 8 1 1 i\/hip-poor-will — 25 1 11 9 28 — 1 — 1 2 6 — — 4 Common Nighthawk 3 6 60 6 10 5 4 4 — 22 4 Chimney Swift 37 9 22 62 23 447 772 67 156 60 234 26 — 28 195 Huby-th. Hvimmingbird 4 5 4 2 1 16 2 — 5 9 7 “ — 2 3 Belted Kingfisher 5 10 5 28 5 __ 1 15 2 1 — 2 12 Common Flicker 1 5 4 5 3 31 16 28 24 12 59 9 — 21 59 Pileated Woodpecker 2 3 15 17 9 57 2 4 5 16 15 3 9 2 15 Hed-bel. Woodpecker 10 10 24 32 18 106 9 6 55 24 27 5 10 6 10 Red-hd. Woodpecker 15 — 5 5 6 8 1 — 7 4 1 “ Yel.-bel. Sapsucker 1 5 5 1 1 Hairy Woodpecker 1 — — 8 8 15 1 3 5 1 1 4 — — 5 Downy Woodpecker 7 2 6 28 24 68 16 2 10 19 12 — 8 6 25 Pastern Kingbird 17 2 21 26 11 85 6 4 n 19 14 6 16 1 19 Great Cr. Flycatcher 9 17 24 14 12 47 1 2 7 17 9 1 6 5 10 Pastern Ilioebe 1 13 8 4 29 2 1 11 6 22 1 28 13 37 Acadian Flycatcher 9 5 11 5 6 54 10 — — 2 — 2 Willow Flycatcher 1 Least Flycatcher 1 4 Eastern Wood rewee 1 20 15 3 7 58 — 3 1 15 — — 6 6 3 Olive-sided Flycatcher 2 Horned Lark 8 2 5 5 1 2 Tree Swallow 9 5 — 155 45 9 8 7 5 37 — 4 Bank Swallow 5 15 4 — 8 — 1 5 — 46 4 — Rough-winged Swallow 13 2 5 35 65 20 — 1 7 55 29 10 109 15 45 Barn Swallow 95 6 98 145 76 453 78 190 74 52 172 26 366 9 97 Cliff Swallow — — — 2 — 17 — 25 — 5 — — 7 — — Purple Martin 28 20 114 86 18 134 116 45 40 121 80 61 504 — 40 Blue Jay 5 14 45 87 29 251 105 69 156 76 235 25 51 90 235 Common Raven 7 Common Crow 14 5 55 92 18 140 49 25 78 49 155 32 101 24 140 Fish Crow 6 Carolina Chickadee 35 6 16 66 55 IIS 28 10 27 55 107 7 26 25 67 Tufted Titmouse 37 20 33 75 18 136 11 58 47 57 60 8 41 28 71 'Wht.-br. Nuthatch — 2 — 4 1 14 — 7 8 8 2 — -2 4 8 Hed-br . Nuthatch 1 2 1 __ S 1 __ __ 2 1 2 Br.-head. Nuthatch Brown Creeper 4 2 2 2 House Wren 11 3 1 2 1 12 3 15 18 21 Winter Wren 2 — " 1 1 — 11 Bewick's Wren 2 1 8 4 6 Carolina Wren 44 11 32 35 12 107 15 6 29 60 151 16 55 22 65 Long-b . Marsh Wren 1 — 1 — Short-b. Marsh Wren 1 1 1 Mockingbird 8 2 46 48 23 185 81 40 58 18 197 20 70 47 78 Gray Catbird 10 9 13 25 20 67 28 11 50 12 14 5 20 5 22 Brown Thrasher 2 5 22 45 55 76 34 __ 48 19 54 8 20 12 28 American Robin 50 11 29 78 25 558 115 78 219 51 565 47 92 171 185 Wood Thrush 12 32 7 14 14 66 3 4 21 55 47 10 56 15 70 Hermit Thrush 2 1 3 Swainson's Thrush 2 12 4 5 8 117 __ 1 __ 11 8 __ 17 __ 3 Gray-cheeked Thrush 4 3 — 2 9 1 Veery 2 4 40 2 4 — — Eastern Bluebird 5 9 85 74 9 150 16 24 46 59 50 16 14 2 52 Blue-gr. Gnatcatcher 65 5 10 48 21 79 — 1 11 47 57 5 8 4 28 Golden-cr. Kinglet 7 5 2 Ruby-cr. Kinglet 3 1 15 5 — — 6 21 2 8 23 Cedar Waxwing — — . 20 — 5 5 50 — — 28 47 — 2 7 29 Loggerhead Shrike 2 — 8 15 2 24 11 16 4 2 — 2 Starling 61 2 45 250 115 641 319 161 500 85 8471 100 288 55^ 406 Wht.-eyed Vireo 36 17 24 41 8 106 1 27 37 38 6 25 4 37 Yellow-thr. Vireo 9 5 4 8 2 15 4 25 2 1 2 5 Solitary Vireo 4 1 4 — 41 Red-eyed Vireo 21 22 21 20 12 118 1 6 19 79 65 — 42 6 49 Philadelphia Vireo 7 [VoL. 47, 1976] 92 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER Warbling Vireo Black-&-wh. Warbler Prothonotary Warbler Swainson's Warbler Worm-eating Warbler Golden-wgd. Warbler Blue-wgd. Warbler Tennessee Warbler Orange-cr. Warbler Nashville Warbler Northern Parula Yellow Warbler Magnolia Warbler Cape May Warbler Bl.-th. Blue Warbler Yellow-rumped Warbler Bl.-th. Green Warbler Cerulean Warbler Blackburnian Warbler Yellow-thr. Warbler Chestnut-sd. Warbler Bay-br. Warbler Blackpoll Warbler Pine Warbler Prairie Warbler Palm Warbler Ovenbird Northern Waterthrush La. Waterthrush Kentucky Warbler Common Yellowthroat Yellow-br. Chat Hooded Warbler Wilson's Warbler Canada Warbler American Redstart House Sparrow Bobolink Eastern Meadowlark Red-winged Blackbird Orchard Oriole Northern Oriole Rusty Blackbird Common Grackle Brown-hd. Cowbird Scarlet Tanager Summer Tanager Cardinal Rose-br. Grosbeak Blue Grosbeak Indigo Bunting Painted Bunting Dickcissel Evening Grosbeak Purple Finch Pine Siskin American Goldfinch Red Crossbill Rufous-sided Towhee Savannah Sparrow Grasshopper Sparrow Vesper Sparrow Dark-eyed Junco Chipping Sparrow Field Sparrow 'Wht.-cr. Sparrow ./ht.-thr. Sparrow Lincoln's Sparrow Swamp Sparrow Song Sparrow Species, Total Species, Grand Total Mem Nat Law Colu Nash Murf Tull Cook Chat Knox Gree King Bris Eli 2 2 — 2 1 6 — — — 2 — — — — 1 1 5 — 4 1 8 2 1 1 11 17 — 7 9 44 50 5 5 5 4 25 24 3 2 1 — 2 — 4 — 3 5 8 — 1 — 7 5 — 2 4 15 1 1 2 19 5 1 22 1 1 — — 4 5 1 — 1 — 3 52 40 8 40 26 158 1 10 5 65 14 — 15 1 1 1 1 — 1 — 1 1 21 1 — — 1 1 — 2 — — 19 1 3 10 5 10 4 3 30 1 — 19 16 33 5 — — 24 7 1 50 2 37 — 1 15 1 1 — 2 — 2 5 10 7 1 — 17 — 2 1 1 — 11 11 6 65 10 120 14 21 80 183 17 52 16 45 2 1 10 1 1 2 8 7 — 4 — 27 20 4 1 15 4 15 8 5 — 4 — — 5 13 1 2 — 2 — 2 5 4 5 14 2 15 — 3 — 17 2 1 1 5 5 3 2 2 16 1 10 6 1 55 — 1 — — 8 20 — 1 8 — — — 4 3 1 19 62 — 10 — 27 5 — 8 — 1 — 24 7 — 5 2 1 11 14 7 — 2 — 3 — 3 11 34 10 60 1 6 15 31 24 — 9 2 8 1 2 2 28 8 144 4 20 2 2 5 1 8 5 9 5 17 — — 2 8 14 6 15 6 75 — 1 — 5 3 20 1 1 — 2 — — 5 1 6 8 4 20 — — 2 6 7 — 2 -- 19 11 14 8 20 11 40 “ — 3 59 21 “ 18 — 5 4 7 22 37 26 148 10 8 60 ^5 66 12 59 7 30 3 5 19 15 8 81 — 2 17 51 13 8 15 2 5 — 1 4 4 11 " 2 2 13 24 — 12 " 35 — 1 2 — - 1 3 1 1 4 4 2 5 4 10 21 9 10 2 2 9 1 97 55 35 95 — 55 51 29 80 62 76 23 150 125 — 5 — 80 209 56 7 — 128 — — 48 5 85 151 55 540 81 102 190 61 374 62 122 ^5 174 76 5 45 155 75 420 66 352 80 179 304 74 228 66 176 20 11 29 61 18 142 17 5 20 22 19 5 15 2 20 19 7 7 1 19 1 — 5 5 — 1 5 2 6 — — 2 — — — 14 — 5 1 — 6 ^5 12 78 165 320 806 153 247 300 114 1522 196 252 144 402 104 15 16 90 18 195 42 37 84 58 1153 20 41 27 55 4 10 10 25 4 37 1 1 2 24 11 1 24 1 30 25 6 13 51 8 65 6 6 17 56 8 — 8 3 3 80 8 98 128 43 415 115 63 114 74 329 46 93 67 137 2 6 7 8 25 95 2 -- 1 21 11 — 2 — 9 2 — 20 4 2 7 — — 5 15 4 — 1 “ 2 114 9 85 85 37 55^ 20 25 29 72 68 4 141 2 9 1 1 7 — 7 — 4 5 12 — -- 1 6 — 66 55 14 62 — 40 1 87 50 — 25 235 4 — 1 — — 1 1 6 10 80 22 14 2 5 43 3 29 24 35 281 26 9 51 78 0 218 25 95 53 113 7 5 37 41 24 135 51 29 55 27 130 9 47 29 121 10 1 22 3 10 8 20 1 15 “ 27 2 3 4 __ 1 __ 5 8 1 1 1 2 1 1 — 8 — — 1 -- — 58 2 6 16 15 3 53 18 5 29 37 28 4 1 11 53 1 1 65 41 21 154 20 7 ,46 29 82 15 50 16 51 1 22 14 12 1 7 3 3 5 4 51 2 20 85 4 65 33 — 112 41 570 55 2 55 113 2 2 2 — — 1 10 -- 12 — — 9 1 11 — 2 — 3 1 2 10 2 26 26 159 18 89 32 165 112 97 94 154 141 174 90 76 98 156 128 85 133 85 144 215 [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 93 TULLAHOMA: 15 May, 7 p.m. - 16 May 7 p.m. Cloudy with gusty winds and showers; 54-66°. Included Manchester, Woods Reservoir, and Goose Pond, Debra Acuff, Bonnie Bacon, Carroll Barr, Stanley Barr, Becky Bingham, Ron Bingham, Efiie Boyd, Mark Brothers, Sue Ellen Burger, Majory Harper, Betty King, Glenn King, Sanford McGee, Anna Parker, Jim Robb, Monty Wana- maker, Wanda Winnett. Golden-winged Warbler (5) and Rusty Blackbird (4) were deleted; no details— MDW. COOKEVILLE: 24 April, 7 a.m, - 5 p.m.. Fair, 6 5-75°. Beulah Clark, Dr. and Mrs. J. O. Cummins, Caprice Haile, R. T. and D. D. Hinds, Ernst Holzhausen (Dear Sir, I apologize for the fact that this is at least the third different spelling of your name that has appeared in The Migrant. I hope this one is correct. — MDW), Mr. and Mrs. Frazier Jaques, Bill Jones, Ray Jordan, Amy Johnson, Mildred Lassiter, Mr. and Mrs. T. B. Link, Dr. and Mrs. Sidney McGee, Mrs. T. Moore, M. R. Richmond (compiler, 519 N. Jefferson, Cooke- ville 3 8 501 ), Roy Sullivan, F. R. Toline, Thelma Tinnon, C. and G. E. Warren, Marie White, Florence Williams. CHATTANOOGA: 1 and 2 May, Hamilton and surrounding counties; rainy the 1st, clear the 2nd; 5 0-71°; wind NW, 5-10 mph. Lloyd and Betty Anderson, Jim and Frances Barnwell, Gary Bayne, Bran- son Block, Kenton Dickerson, Ken and Lil Dubke, Jack Freeman, Ann Gibson, Daniel Jacobson (compiler, P. O. Box 6, Wildwood, Ga. 30757), Janet Philips, Lee Shafer, Frank Ward, Dick Wodzenski, Roger Woodruff, and the many T.O.S. members attending the Spring Meeting. KNOXVILLE: 2 5 April, restricted to Knox County. Partly cloudy; winds up to 40 mph, average 16.7; 51-72°. Jeff Basham, Robert and Lavada Harris, J. C. Howell, Tony Koella, Beth Lacy, Holly Overton, J. B. Ov/en (compiler, 2930 North Hills Blvd. Knoxville 37917), Polly Ryder, Mabel Sanders, Boyd Sharp, Alan Smith, Johneta and Louis Smith, Carl Swafford, Bill and Irene Williams, Morris Williams. GREENEVILLE: 2 5 April, clear, 60-74° Thirteen observers. Richard Nevius, compiler, Rt. 6, Greeneville 37743. Goshawk was deleted; no details — MDW. KINGSPORT : 8 May, Midnight-Midnight. Count included that portion of Sullivan County lying west of Bristol Airport and Hawkins County. Overcast, mild winds, average temperature 50°. 150 observer hours, 175-200 miles. Fred Alsop, Tom Bowman (compiler. Bays Mountain Park, Rt. 4, Kingsport 37660), David Coats, Marcia Davis, Glen Eller, Tom Finucane, Hayden and Kitty Hannabass, Fred Hilton, Glynis Hooper, Bill Kappa, Dick Lura, Richard Lewis, Betsy Oglesby, Debra Patterson, Rick Phillips, Ann Switzer, Gary Wallace. In addition to the adult Virginia Rail there was a nest with five eggs and two young. The Barn Owls listed were all young. BRISTOL: 24 April; clear; 52-83°. [VoL. 47, 1976] 94 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER Judy Abbott, Judge and Mrs. J. L. Cantwell, Mary E. Green, Ester Hilton, J. W. Jackson, Mr. and Mrs. Enno van Gelder, Diane Wilson (compiler). ELIZABETHTON: 24 April; Carter and adjoining counties. Clear, wind 0-5 mph; 47° (on Roan Mountain) to 83°. John and Donna Adams, Fred Behrend (the last of many counts for him), Ed Davidson, Joy and Martha Dillenbeck, Tom Dosser, Helenhill Dove, Dave Edwards, Glen Eller (compiler, Rt. 3, Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton 37643), Harry Farthing, Sally Goodin, Lee and Lois Herndon, Danny Leach, Dick Lura, John and Carolyn Martin, Jake Slonaker, Elanore Smith, Glen Swofford, Gary Wallace, Jane Whitehead, Keith Young. The Goshawk was seen by Herndons, Martins, and Smith in Johnson County where it had been seen earlier in the year several times. The Baird’s Sandpipers were seen by Dillenbecks and Whitehead; studied 3 0-40 minutes as close as ten feet! ROUND TABLE NOTE SECOND RECORD OF NORTHERN PHALAROPE IN NASHVILLE AREA — As we approached Green’s Lake near Gallatin at 11:10 on 18 May 1976, we noticed a small bird swimming rapidly and erratically among drowned weeds in the shallow water at the upper end of the lake. Using 7x35 Bushnell binoculars, we identified the bird as a phalarope. With a 2 0-4 5 x Bushnell Space- master spotting scope, we were able to recognize it as a female Northern Phalarope {Lobipes lobatus) in breeding plumage. After identifying the bird, we approached to approximately 3 5 meters and studied the bird more closely. The beak was black, very slender and needle- pointed. The crown and back of the neck were black with the black extending down the sides of the face to just below the eyes. The chin and upper throat were pure white. A brick red band crossed the middle throat, brightest red in front and shading into the dark nape. The back was dark gray with golden, brown stripes. A blue-gray area in front of the bend of the wing shaded into pure white on the breast and belly. Birders in Nashville were alerted and several were able to see the bird during the afternoon. The lake was checked daily for the next few days but we did not see the phalarope again. According to Parmer, Birds of the Nashville Area, the only previous record of Northern Phalarope in the Nashville Area is that of Ogden who found two at Bush Lake on 21 October 19 59. Paul and Dot Crawford, Route 4, Gallatin 37066. [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 95 MINUTES OF THE 1976 SYMPOSIUM AND FALL MEETING The Tenth Annual Symposium and Fall Meeting of the Tennessee Ornitho- logical Society was held 15-17 October 1976 at Fall Creek Falls State Park. The Board of Directors’ meeting was called to order at 13:50 on 16 October 1976, by the President, Ray Jordan. The Minutes of the 1975 Fall meeting of the Board of Directors, as printed in the March 1976 issue of The Migrant, were approved. REPORTS OF OFFICERS There were no reports from the Vice Presidents, Directors at Farge, and the Secretary. The Treasurer presented no detailed financial report. He requested that chapters begin collecting 1977 dues prior to 1 January. Editor’s Report: Gary Wallace stated that the June and September issues of The Migrant and the new Membership Fist were all at the printer and should be mailed in the next three to five weeks. The "State Count Compiler,” Morris Williams, had no further report except to repeat the request for reports to be sent in promptly. He stated that he had in some years received reports of Spring Counts before some of the previous Christmas Count reports. Morris Williams’ new address is now in Nashville with the Department of Conservation. Curator’s Report: The Curator, Dr. James Tanner, still has back copies of The Migrant for sale. He stated that in Mr. Ganier’s effects, there was left a set of bound volumes for 193 5 through 195 5 which is available for any library, organization or individual. Also in Mr. Ganier’s material was the original charter of the T.O.S. which legally set up the organization. This charter is presently in Dr. Tanner’s safety deposit box and if anyone has a suggestion for a better place for its disposition, he would be glad to be advised. A thermofax copy of the charter has been made. REPORTS OF STANDING COMMITTEES Conservation Committee: Dr. George Mayfield stated that nothing has happened to change the situation at the Duck River Heronry. Bill Yambert discussed the Catoosa Wildlife Management Area with regard to the Red-cockaded Woodpecker. A forester has been working to locate signs of the bird, and has reported that they are scattered over a much wider area than previously thought. The spread of the pine beetle has not been stopped. However, no great decline in the number of woodpeckers has been noted. Not all of the trees have been killed by the pine beetle, and the pine beetle, the yellow pine and the woodpecker have been co-existing for several hundreds of thousands of years in the Southeastern U. S. and neither has eradicated the other so far. [VoL. 47, 1976] 96 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER Nothing is known on the problem of the AEDC Rookery and the airport question. The airport situation still has not been settled. George Mayfield will look into this and also local people of the Highland Rim Chapter will continue to monitor the situation. On 22 September a meeting and symposium sponsored by the Audubon Society was held to discuss the blackbird problem. Bill Yambert attended and reported many interesting facts that were brought out. Although no solution to the problem has yet been found, and all efforts have been unsuccessful, co- ordination between all affected states is important. It was learned that the blackbirds are a tremendous agricultural help in states farther north for the killing of insects and a killing of over 50 million birds in this area would be highly undesirable from that standpoint. Also, reports show that eradication is a poor method of getting at the problem since, if 50 or 75 million birds were killed per year, there would be an increased reproductive figure due to lack of competition which would produce just as many or more birds the next year. Dr. Burt Monroe has done an extensive study on the histoplasmosis aspect of the problem and this scare has been discounted. His studies show that active roosts are very unlikely to cause any epidemic. The birds, themselves, do not carry the disease but the roosts, when dry, do provide the conditions for growth of the spores in the soil, so that the dry material of an old roost when inhaled could carry the spores. There was no report from the Certification (New Species) Committee. This Committee is composed of Gary Wallace, Chairman, Dr. Jim Tanner, Katherine Goodpasture and Ben Coffey. It was appointed during the presidency of Noreen Smith. REPORTS— SPECIAL COMMITTEES Patches and Decals: Pat Stallings stated that as of 1 October $5 50.00 worth had been sold. That, plus sales expected from this meeting, should put us $1 50.00 short of breaking even. Non-Game Program: Ken Dubke stated that there had been no recent meetings of the State Non-Game Division and there was, therefore, no report at this time. Dixon Merritt Memorial: The Chairman of the Committee, William Senter, was not present to make this report but John Sellars of the Lebanon Chapter and our President, Ray Jordan, both gave reports as to the progress being made. A letter has been sent to each Chapter President requesting that chapter donations be made to this cause and also encouragement be given to members for individual donations. It was pointed out that if each chapter would donate $10.00, we would have the $120.00 which the Society voted to underwrite. The Department of Conservation is to go in with T.O.S. on a matching basis. The price of the plaques has gone up since plans for the me- morial were made, and will very likely go up again, making it important that we collect this money and complete the purchase as soon as possible. Brochure: Plans for a T.O.S. Informational Brochure have been underway for several years with no progress. Wallace Coffey changed that at this meeting [VoL. 47, 1976] THE MIGRANT 97 f' 1976 when he brought 4,000 copies of the brochure for distribution to the chapters and stated that, in addition, a copy of the brochure will be included in each copy of the next issue of The Migrant. Appreciation was expressed to Wallace Coffey for an outstanding job. NEW BUSINESS Mr. Jordan stated that he had received inquiries as to whether or not we should continue a relationship with the Tennessee Environmental Council. There were no recommendations on this at present but it was decided that the matter can be studied and dealt with at a later date. Joint Meeting: A letter has been received from the President of the Geor- gia Ornithological Society suggesting a joint meeting of COS, CBC and TOS in the Spring of 1978. Fontana was mentioned as a possible location for such a meeting. After considerable discussion, motion was made by George Mayfield that the plan for a joint meeting of GOS, CBC and TOS be tentatively ap- proved and that the officers be given authority to go ahead and investigate the details. The motion was seconded by Louise Nunnally. Motion carried. Spring Foray: John Sellars, on behalf of the Lebanon Chapter, issued an invitation for the next Foray to be held in Wilson County. One of their primary reasons for the invitation is the hope that T.O.S. can compile a checklist of birds for the Cedar Glades area, to be distributed at the Nature Center where the Dixon Merritt plaques are to be placed. Morris Williams suggested that forays should be conducted in lesser known areas, and perhaps we could be housed in Wilson but go into Smith or DeKalb counties. Arlo Smith suggested that a committee be appointed to investigate which counties need to be es- pecially studied. The President asked Morris Williams, Ken Dubke and Wallace Coffey to discuss this matter and report later. ANNOUNCEMENTS Spring Meeting, 1977: The dates for the Spring meeting are 6, 7 and 8 May at Reelfoot Lake, Ellington Hall to be the headquarters. Rooms at Airpark Inn and the Spillway Motel will be held until 26 March for T.O.S. members. Louise Jackson, Secretary [VoL. 47, 1976] 98 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER THE SEASON Fred J. Aesop, III, Editor This particular "Season” report is packed with numerous records of the nesting of many species across the State; not only of their presence during their breeding season, but of the details of their attempts. The following observations include those of such uncommonly recorded nesters as the American Bittern and the Tree Swallow in the Central Plateau and Basin Region, and of night herons of both species (two big colonies of the Black-crowned Night Heron), a Pied-billed Grebe, and the unsuccessful attempt of a pair of Ospreys in the Eastern Ridge and V alley Region. All Regions report late migrating and lingering passerines with both winter- ing finches and transient warblers being found on very late dates for some areas and, in some cases, for the State. The two middle Regions had late records for several waterfowl species with some remaining through the summer. Some of the most noteworthy finds sending Tennessee birders for their field- guides and birding friends were such unusual discoveries as: a Glossy Ibis, a Scissor-tailed Flycatcher, and Bachman’s Sparrows in the Western Coastal Plain; a Fulvous Tree Duck (the new A.O.U. common name is Fulvous Whistling- Duck), a Ruddy Turnstone, and a Northern Phalarope in the Central Plateau and Basin; a Bald Eagle in July in the Eastern Ridge and Valley and a June Pied-billed Grebe in the Eastern Mountain Region. Again, for at least the fourth consecutive summer, Upland Sandpipers were located at Metro Airport in Nashville, but still without any evidence of their nesting. More birders seem to be remaining active through the nesting season with the results of their efforts adding much to our knowledge of Tennessee’s nesting birds. WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN REGION— The Cedar Waxwing dates are the latest for this region ever recorded in the Journal; however, this is not to say that they have not been in the area at a previous time and not reported. This is the fourth recorded sighting in West Tennessee for the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher and the third time for the Glossy Ibis. The Mississippi Kite count is up from the previous years. The Bachman’s Sparrow has been sighted in West Tennessee three previous times, with a prior sighting in Hickory Valley, Mississippi in 1961. This is the first summer record for the Song Sparrow recorded in The Migrant with young. [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 99 Heron-Sandpiper: Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 20 Jul (3) FDRM (MDW). Least Bittern: 13 Jun (2) East of Gray’s Camp (1) South of Gray’s Camp, R (ANS) ; 20 Jul (2 adults; 4 nests, 2 empty, 1 with 5 and 1 with 4 eggs) FDRM, (MDW). GLOSSY IBIS: 30 Jun (1) HRB, West Haywood Co. (GB). Blue-winged Teal: 20 Jul (1) FDRM (MDW). Mississippi Kite: 29 May (8), Jun - Jul (2-4) R (MEG); 27 Jun (1) North of Toone (AL, RJ). American Coot: 20 Jul (1) FDRM (MDW). Spotted Sandpiper: 3 Jul (1) Island 13, Lake Co. (MLB). White-rumped Sandpiper: 29 May (1) Echles Towhead, Lake Co. (MLB). Solitary Sandpiper: 24 Jul (1) PF (MW). Least Sandpiper: 3 Jul (1) Island 13, Lake Co. (MLB). Semipalmated Sandpiper: 29 May (10) Echles Towhead, Lake Co. (MLB). Flycatcher-Sparrow: SCISSOR-T AILED FLYCATCHER: 20 May (1) M (JW). Yellow-bellied Flycatcher: 20 thru 23 May (1) M (LC). Cedar Wax- wing: 23 May (30, 20, 5 ) at 3 respective locations M (BBC); 29 May (20) 1-40 and Big Sandy (15) 1-40 near Big Sandy (6) 1-40 and Jackson, TN (MLB). Bewick’s Wren: 18 May (1) West of Covington (AS), 2 Jun (1) Southwest of Covington (AS); 27 Jun (1) North of Toone (AL, RJ) ; 6 Jun (1) Haywood/ Madison Co. line (AS). Swainson’s Warbler: 15 Jul (1) Big Cypress Tree, Weakley C. (MDW). Worm-eating Warbler: 3 0 Jun (2) HNWR at Hwy 76 (GB). Northern Oriole: 13 Jul (1) Pickwick Dam (MDW). PAINTED BUNTING: 20 Jun (1) Covington, TN (AS); (11) males found at various sites in the Northwest Quadrant of M (BBC). BACH- MAN’S SPARROW : 16 Jun (1) each stop of 3 on Breeding Bird Census, NW Alcorn Co. MS (BBC, LC), 18 Jun (1) N of Hickory Flat, MS (BBC, LC). Song Sparrow: 20 Jun (2) adults and ( juv) Joe Echels Towhead, Lake Co. (MLB). 29 Jun (1) heard singing, same location (BBC). Locations: FDRM — Forked Deer River Marsh; HRB — Hatchie River Bot- tom; HNWR— Hatchie National Wildlife Refuge; M— Memphis; PF— Penal Farm; R — Raleigh. Observers: ANS — Arlo and Noreen Smith; MLB — Mike Bierly; BBC — Ben B. Coffey; LC — Lula Coffey; GB — Gary Bayne (Rising Fawn, GA) ; AS — Alice Smith; RJ — Rusty Jones; AL — ^Allan Larabee; MDW — Morris D. Williams; MW— Martha Waldron; JW— Jeff Wilson. Martha Waldron, 1626 Yorkshire Dr., Memphis 3 8117. CENTRAL PLATEAU AND BASIN REGlON^Loon-Duck: Common Loon: 7 Jun (1) OHL (MLM,). Double-crested Cormorant: 25 May (1) GSP (DC, PC). Cattle Egret: 18-24 May (1) G (DC, PC); 23 May (1) MP (OH); 31 Jul (1) BV (MLB, RJM). Black-crowned Night Heron: 19 Jun (1, imm.) ML (DKD, DRJ) ; Bordeaux Heronry was active this year. Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 16 Jul (1, imm.), 21 Jul (2, ad.) CC (FB); during summer (2 ad., 1 imm.) BV. Least Bittern: 22 May (1) CP (DKD, GK, DRJ); 19 Jun (2) CP (DKD, DRJ); 19 Jun (2) ML (DKD, DRJ). AMERICAN BIT- TERN: 22 May (1 ad., nest with infertile egg, a 2 week old bird near nest) CP (DKD, GK, DRJ); 23 May (1) BV (RJM); 30 May (1) FP (MDW). FULVOUS TREE DUCK: bird reported last season was last seen on 21 May, G (DC, PC). Black Duck: 6 and 20 Jun (1) MP (OH). Blue-winged Teal: 5 Jun (1) ACM (RJM); 6 and 20 Jun (1) MP (OH). Ring-necked Duck: 19 May (1) G (DC, PC). Canvasback: A female remained with an injured [VoL. 47, 1976] 100 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER male at Gallatin through 19 May; 23-2 5 Jul (1, apparently healthy male) G (DC, PC). Ruddy Duck: 27 May (1) MP (Allen Presnell). Hooded Mergan- ser: 3 Jun (1) OHL (MEM). Hawk-Owl: Sharp-shinned Hawk: 29 May (1) Macon Co. (MDW). Vir- ginia Rail: 16 May (1) ACM (WE, DRJ, MEM). American Coot: 3 Jun (2) OHL (MEM); 5 Jun (4) Ashland City (RJM,) ; 27 Jun (1) BV (MEM). RUDDY TURNSTONE: 30 Jul (1) G (DC, PC, BJ). Upland Sandpiper: 14-21 Jul (1 or 2) Metro Airport (MEM); 17 Jul (1) Sycamore Creek Recrea- tion Area (RJM). Spotted Sandpiper: 27 May (1) MP (fide CRM); 2 Jun (1) Old Hickory Beach (MEM). Eesser Yellowlegs: 25 May (1) G (DC, PC). White-rumped Sandpiper: 19-24 May (8 or 9) G (DC, PC, DRJ, BJ). Baird’s Sandpiper: 15 May (2) G (DRJ). Dowitcher sp.: 9-11 Jul (up to 4) BV (RJM, MPS) ; 3 0 Jul (1) G (DC, PC, BJ). Stilt Sandpiper: 17-30 Jul (1-3) G (DC, PC). Western Sandpiper: 24 May (1), 3 0 Jul (3) G (DC, PC). NORTHERN PHALAROPE: 18 May (1) G (DC, PC). Forster’s Tern: 17 Jul (3) OHL (SF, WE). Black-billed Cuckoo: 16 May (1) ACM (DRJ, MEM, MPS); 19 May (1) L (CRM). Barn Owl: 29 May (1, banded) G (MDW). Flycatcher-Sparrow: Willow Flycatcher: 29 May (1) Minor Hill, Giles Co. (MDW); 6 Jun (2) MP (OH); during summer (2) BV (MLB). TREE SWAELOW: 6 Jun (ad. feeding young out of nest) MP (OH). Bank Swallow: 27 May (2) C (CRM). House Wren: One appeared in Byrdstown on 19 Jun and spent summer, 1st local summer record (RH). Swainson’s Thrush: 31 May (1) CC (FB). Philadelphia Vireo: 23 May (2) RE (MLB). Black- throated Blue Warbler: 30 May (1, singing) 5 mi. E of Center Hill Dam (BJ). Yellow- rumped Warbler: 24 May (1) NA (SF) latest NA record by 5 days. Bay- breasted Warbler: 26 May (1) NA (MLB). Connecticut Warbler: 22 May (1) Shelby Bottoms (MPS). Mourning Warbler: 19 May (1) L (CRM); 19 May (1) RL (Frank and Karen Ritter); 28 May (1) NA (Ann Nichols). Rose- breasted Grosbeak: 31 May (2) CC (FB). Pine Siskin: 22 May (20) Cheatham Lake (RJM), latest NA record by 6 days. Grasshopper Sparrow: 5 Jun (10) Glen Breed. Bird Survey (DRJ). White-crowned Sparrow: 23 May (1) C (CRM). White-throated Sparrow: 11 Jul (1) NA (Jan Alexander). Song Sparrow: Many pairs in Byrdstown, following only 1 pair in 1968 (RH) ; one in McMinnville in early summer, none in Woodbury (Mary Wood). Locations: ACM — Ashland City Marsh; BV — Buena Vista; CC — ^Cannon County; C — Columbia; FP — Five Points; G — Gallatin; GSP — Gallatin Steam Plant; CP — Goose Pond; L — Lincoln County; MP — Monsanto Ponds; ML — Morton’s Lake, Manchester; NA — Nashville Area; OHL — Old Hickory Lake; RL — Radnor Lake. Observers: MLB — Michael Bierly; FB — Frances Bryson; DC — Dot Craw- ford; PC — Paul Crawford; DKD — Kenton Dickerson; SF — Sally Fintel; WE — William Fintel; RH — Robbie Hassler; OH — Olin Hotchkiss; DRJ — Daniel Jacobson; BJ — Bill Jones; GK — Glen King; MEM — Margaret Mann; CRM — George Mayfield; RJM — Rocky Milburn; MPS — Pat Stallings; MDW — Morris Williams. Morris D. Williams, Tennessee Heritage Program, Suite 601, 1720 West End Building, Nashville 37203. [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 101 EASTERN RIDGE AND VAEEEY REGION— Several nests found during the season are worthy of mention. A pair of Osprey, returning to a nest on Watts Bar Eake, laid eggs, but was unsuccessful in hatching them. An active Pied-billed Grebe nest — a first for the Chattanooga area, was found at Amnicola Marsh. Knoxville reported a new nesting location for the Barn Owl and two large colonies of Black-crowned Night Herons. A species seldom seen during the nesting season, the Blue- winged Warbler, was observed feeding young on Eook- out Mountain. Probably the most unusual record is that of an Evening Grosbeak at Knox- ville in July. Other interesting sightings include June dates for the Chestnut- sided Warbler at Chattanooga, a summering Greater Scaup on Ft. Eoudon Eake, and four July dates for the Bald Eagle. While the Grasshopper Sparrow seems to be declining in general, this season gives good news from two areas of the region. Are they actually on the in- crease? Grebe-Sandpiper: Pied-billed Grebe: 19 May (nest, 3 eggs), 26 May (nest, 2 eggs), 11 July (adult with two young) AM (KED, GEB, DRJ). Great Blue Heron: 23 Jun (1) AS (DE) ; 26 Jul (1) JCo (TK). Cattle Egret: 29 May (2) CkE (JBO, DB); 17 Jul (7) BC (JD). Great Egret: 19 Jul (2) AS (DE); 27 Jul (2) HRA (KED). BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERON: 26 Jun (114 nests) S (MDW, EN); 28 Jun (2) JCo (TK) ; 1 Jul (306 nests) CkE (MDW); 25 Jul (2 ad., 4 imm.) AS (DE, MD, SG). Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 16 May (8 nests) AIM (MDW); 11 Jul (nest, 3 young) AM (DRJ); 16 Jul (4 imm.) AS (DE, MD, SG). GADWALL: 1 Jul (1) PHE (MD, SG). Blue-winged Teal: 12 Jul (1) HRA (RED). GREATER SCAUP: 16 May - 8 Jul (1) FEE (PP). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 20 Jul (1) WCo (SG). Cooper’s Hawk: 16 May (1), 2 5, 27 Jun (1) JC (SG). Red-tailed Hawk: 6 Jun (nest, 2 young) AEM (GEB). Broad-winged Hawk: 9 Jun (nest, 3 young) AEM (GEB). BAED EAGLE: 8 Jul (1 calling at night) NoE (JCH); 13, 16, 23 Jul (1) NoE (JCH). OSPREY: 2 Jun (nest, 2 eggs, unsuccessful) WBE (Kathy Hamm fide KD); 1 Jul (1) PHE (MD, SG). American Kestrel: 12 Jun (2) SeV (ES, DRJ); 11 Jul (2) CH (KED). Ring-necked Pheasant: 31 May (2) HRA (GEB). King Rail: 21 May - 11 Jun (1, hit by car on last date) SB (KED); 27 May (nest, 12 hatching eggs) AIM (MDW); 28 May (1) HRA, (DRJ); 20 Jul (1) AM, (GEB). American Coot: through period (1-13) HRA, CH (KED, DRJ, DKD); 18 Jun (2) MHE (GM) ; 19 Jul (1) AS (DE). American Woodcock: 15 Jun (3) AM (KED, DRJ); 21 Jun (1) Erwin (RE). Spotted Sandpiper: 31 May (1) AS (RE, DE). Pectoral Sand- piper: 17 May (2) HRA (KED). White-rumped Sandpiper: 17 May (7) HRA (KD). Feast Sandpiper: 26 May (1) AM, (DRJ); 1 Jul (2) AS (MD, HD, SG). Semipalmated Sandpiper: 26 May (2) AM (DRJ). Tern-Sparrow: Common Tern: 13 Jun (1) AEM (GEB, DRJ). Caspian Tern: 27 May (1) Catoosa Co., Ga. (KD). Black Tern: 4 Jun (1) ChE (JD). Barn Owl: two active sites, one producing 3 young JC (GE) ; 5 Jun (nest, 2 young) SeV (ES, DRJ); 10 Jul (1-2 adults, 2-3 young) Powell (GM). Willow Flycatcher: 31 May, 20, 27 Jul (1) AM (GEB); 4 Jun (1) McClure Pond, KCo (MDW); (2-3 pairs nested) AS (GE). Tree Swallow: 23 May (50) AS (MD, SG). Bank Swallow: 3 0 May (3) AS (GE, HE); 11 Jul (1) HRA [VoL. 47, 1976] 102 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER (DRJ). House Wren: 6 Jun (1) JBBS (DRJ). Bewick’s Wren: 6 Jun (1) JBBS (DRJ); 12 Jun (1) SeV (LS, DRJ). Short-billed Marsh Wren: 18 Jul- end of period (1) SB (KLD). Blue- winged Warbler: 5 Jun (adult feeding young) ALM (GLB) ; 6 Jun (1) Scott Co. (Jim Campbell). CHESTNUT- SIDED WARBLER: 6 Jun (1) ALM (GLB); 11, 12 Jun (1, male singing) Point Park, CH (GLB, KLD). Connecticut Warbler: 13 Jun (1) ALM (GLB, DRJ). Wilson’s Warbler: 21 May (1) KCo (BS). Bobolink: 18 May (150) BCo (HO). Northern Oriole: 30 May (1) JCo (TK) ; 10-12 Jul (1) KCo (HO). Dickcissel: 17 May (4), 13 Jul (2) HRA (KLD); 27 May-end of period (2-4) JCo (TK). EVENING GROSBEAK: 24 May (3) JC (SC); 29 Jul (1) K (Rob Harris). RED CROSSBILL: 6 Jun (6) KCo (MDW). Grasshopper Sparrow: through period (very common) JCo (TK) ; during pe- riod (12) HRA, SeV, ALM (KLD, LS, GLB, DRJ) ; 5 Jun (1) LBBS (MDW). Locations: AIM — Alcoa Marsh; AM — Amnicola Marsh; AS — Austin Springs; BC — Battle Creek, Marion County; BCo — Blount County; CH — ^Chat- tanooga; CkL — ^Cherokee Lake; ChL — Chickamauga Lake; FLL — Ft. Loudon Lake; HRA — Hiwassee River Area; JBBS — Jasper Breeding Bird Survey; JCo — Jefferson County; JC — Johnson City; K — Knoxville; KCo — Knox County; LM — ^Lookout Mountain, Ga.; LBBS — Lovell Breeding Bird Survey; MHL — Melton Hill Lake; NoL — Norris Lake; PHL — Patrick Henry Lake; S — ^Sevier- ville; SB — Savannah Bay; SeV — Sequatchie Valley; WBL — ^Watts Bar Lake; WCo — Washington County. Observers: GLB — Gary L. Bayne; DB— Dave Bishop; JD- — Jon DeVore; DKD — D. Kenton Dickerson; MD — Martha Dillenbeck; HD — Helenhill Dove; KD— Ken Dubke; KLD— Ken and Lil Dubke; GE— Glen Eller; HF— Harry Farthing; SG — Sally Goodin; JCH — J. C. Howell; DRJ — Daniel R. Jacobson; TK — Tony Koella; RL — Richard Lewis; DL — Dick Lura; GM — Gary Muffly; LN — Louise Nunnally; JBO — J. B. Owen; HO — Holly Overton; PP — ^Paul Pardue; LS — Lee Shafer; BS — Boyd Sharp; MDW — Morris D. Williams. Daniel R. Jacobson, P. O. Box 6, Wildwood, Ga. 30757. EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION — The weather for our area was nearly normal in all aspects. The only exception was the month of June with almost double the normal amount of rainfall. Temperatures were near normal thru-out the reporting period. One later than usual "light” frost came on 19 May with very little effect. There seemed to be very few observers in the field in our area this reporting period, therefore no really significant sightings were reported. Grebe-Sandpiper: Pied-billed Grebe: 22 Jun (1) BIC (GE). Great-blue Heron: 5 Jul (1) BlC (GE). Bufflehead: last seen 17 May (2) WibL (HF). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 21 May (J) IMG (SG) ; 31 May (1) RM (LRH, GE). Cooper’s Hawk: 31 May (1) RM (LRH, GE) ; 6 Jul (1) Eliz (GE). Ruffed Grouse: 29 May (1 adult, 6 young) ShV (GE, DL). Semipalmated Plover: 3 0 May (1) WatR (GE). Least Sandpiper: 23 May (3) WatR (JS) ; 12 Jul (1) WatR (MD, SG). Semipalmated Sandpiper: 17 May (2) SeV (ES, LRH); 31 May (3) WatR (GE, HF). Western Sandpiper: 18-19 May (1) WatR (MD, SG). [VoL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 103 Cii^ckooShrike: Black-billed Cuckoo: No reports during this period is very unusual. Barn Owl: two active sites in area with one producing 3 young near Eliz. SAW-WHET OWL: 22 May (2) GSMNP (MDW) . Chuck-will’s-widow: last heard 22 Jun (1) MG (GW). Willow Flycatcher: 29-30 May (2-5) ShV (DJ), OLIVE-SIDED FLYCATCHER: 16 May (3) GSMNP (MDW). Purple Martin: last seen 19 Jul (3) Eliz (LRH). Common Raven: 26 Jun (2) GSMNP (MDW); 1-3 irregularly on RM and IM (ES, SG, et. ah). Red- breasted Nuthatch: completely absent from higher elevation on RM since last winter’s bad cone crop. Winter Wren: regular on RM thru-out period (ES et. ah). Loggerhead Shrike: No reports since 27 Apr which is very unusual. Warbler-Sparrow: Prothonotary Warbler: 30 May (2) WatR (GE). Swain- son’s Warbler: 30 May (2) ShV (DJ); 23 Jun (1) RCP (SG, RE, GS). Golden-winged Warbler: 31 May (2) RM (GE, LRH). Blackpoll Warbler: last seen 30 May (1) Eliz (GE) after a very heavy spring migration. Prairie Warbler: last seen 22 May (1) BlC (GE). MOURNING WARBLER: 23 May (1) Eliz (LRH). BOBOLINK: 8 Jun (1) GSMNP (MDW). Blue Grosbeak: 17 Jul (1) RCP (GS) ; 25 Jul (1) MtnC (GE); 27 Jul (2) near Eliz (MD, SG). Evening Grosbeak: last seen 19 May (2) Eliz (GE). Pine Siskin: 31 May (1) RM (DJ); 2 May (3) RM (ES). RED CROSSBILL: 21 May (8) Unaka Mtn (ES, LRH); 27 July (6) near Eliz (GE, RL). Grasshopper Sparrow: 8 Jun (9 singing males) near Eliz (GW, DL). Vesper Sparrow: 29 May (6) ShV (DJ); 18 Jun (2) RM (ES). Locations: BlC — Bluff City; Eliz — Elizabethton; GSMNP — ^Great Smoky Mtn. National Park; IMG — Iron Mtn. Gap; MG — Milligan College; MtnC — Mountain City; RCP — Rock Creek Park (near Erwin), RM — ^Roan Mountain; ShV— Shady Valley; SmV— Siam Valley; WatR— Watauga River; WibL- Wilbur Lake. Observers: MD — Martha Dillenbeck; GE — ^Glen Eller; HE — Harry Far- thing; SG — Sally Goodin; LRH — Lee R. Herndon; DJ — ^Daniel Jacobson; DL — Dick Lura; RL — Richard Lewis; ES — ^Ed Schell; GS — Glen Swofford; JS — Jake Slonaker; GW— Gary Wallace; MDW— Morris Williams. Glen D. Eller, Route #3, Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton 37643. [VoL. 47, 1976] 104 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER SPECIES INDEX 1974 (Vol. 45), 1975 (Vol. 46) and 1976 (Vol. 47) 18, Auk, Great Avocet, American - 197^: 67, 68, 1*^ 19, 60, 61. 1976: 18, 9-7, 9-! Bellbird, Three-wattled - 1976: 51. Bittern, American - 1979- : 21, 23, 9-5, 76, 77. 122^: 19, 21, 45, 56, 66, 67, 88. 1976: 45, 47, 75, 76, 77, 90, 98, 99. Least - 1974: 77, 102. 1975: 21, 26, 56, 66, 67, 88, 89. 1976: 76, 77, 82, 90, 99. Blackbird, Brewer's - 1974: 13, 78, 80. 1975: 9, 48. 1976: 57, 9-8. Red-winged - 1974: 3, 6, 8, 13, 30, 44, 99, 103. 122^: 9, 12, 35, 58. 122§= 4, 37, 83, 84, 85, 92. Rusty - 1974: 13, 24, 26, 44, 76, 78. 1975: 9, 12, 46, 48, 58, 69, 70, 71. 1226: 22, 37, 50, 78, 80, 92, 93. Tillow-headed - 1975: 15, 55, 58, 65. Bluebird, Eastern - 1974: 3, 5, 8, 15, ^3, 99. 122^: 9-, 5, 9, 14, 3^, 57. 1976: 4, 29, 57, ^3, 61, 83, 85, 91. Bobolink - 1974: 5, 6, 44, 64, 78, 102, 103. 1222= 20, 23, 58, 66, 67, 69, 90. 1976: 19, 22, 75, 78, 92, 102, 103. Bobwhite - 1974: 2, 3, 5, 7, 12, 45, 65. 1975: 8, 28, 56. 1976: 3, 9-, 36, 38, 59-, 82, 83, 84, 85, 90. Brant - 1974: 45, 64, 93, 101. 1975: 18, 21, 43, 45. 1976: 87. Bufflehead - 1974: 11, 23, 40, 45, 63, 76, 79, 104. 1975: 7, 24, 45, 56, 66, 70, 91. 1226: 23, 35, ^7, 90, 102. Bunting, Indigo - 1974: 3, 6, 7, 22, 30, 31, 44, 58. 1222= 6, 9, 36, 58, 71. 1976: 3, 4, 9, 17, 22, 47, 48, 78, 83, 84, 85, 92. Painted - 1974: 42, 44. 1975: 58, 64, 66, 87. 1226: 5, 7"^, 75, 92, 99. Snow - 1974: 20, 26. 1976: 44, 46, 49, 50, 72. Canvasback - 1974: 11, 21, 23, 77. 1975: 7, 10, 45, 67. 1226: 1^, 35, ^1, ^7, ^9, 76, 90, 99. Cardinal - 1974: 3, 6, 7, 8, 13, 50, 31, 44, 61, 75. 1975: 9, 1^, 36, 58, 84. 1976: 3, 4, 37, ^3, 83, 84, 85, 92. Catbird, Gray - 1974: 2, 5, 7, 24, 30, 43, 58. 1221: 33, 50, 57, 71. 1226: 9, 22, 40, 78, 82, 85, 91. Chat, Yellow-breasted - 1974: 3, 6, 7, 21, 30, 44, 58. 1975: 6, 9, H, 35, 50, 58. 1976: 3, 4, ^7t4, 45, 83, 85, 92. Chickadee, Black-capped - 1974: 12. 1975: 8, 57, 91. 1976: 36, 42, 44, 50. Carolina - T^: 2, 5, 6, 7, 12, 43, 99. 1975: 4, 8, 14, 32, 57. 1226: 4, 36, 42, 43, 44, 46, 82, 85, 91. Chuck-will’s widow - 1974: 2, 5, 6, 43, 79. 1975: 29, 57, 70, 81. 1976: 4, 5, 78, 80, 82, 85, 91, 103. Coot, American - 1974: 2, 12, 21, 45, 103, 104. 1975: 8, 46, 56, 88, 90, 1976: 4, 18, 36, 85720, 99, 100, 101. Cormorant, Double-crested - 1974: 11, 21, 23, 45, 77. 1222: 7, 19, 21, 45, 64, 69, 71. 1226: 18, 35, 4?, 7^, 77, 90, 99. Cowbird, Brown-headed - 1974 : 3, 6, 7, 13, 44, 86. 1221‘ 9, 58. 1226: 3, 4, 37, 83, 85, 92. Crane, Sandhill - 1974: 21, 23, 52. 1975: 28, 46, 68, 71. 1976: 18, 21, 40, 44, 46, 47, 68, 77. Creeper, Brown - 1974: 12, 104. 1975: 8, 19, 24, 50, 57, 66, 91. 1226: 9, 36, 40, 91. Crossbill, Red - 1974: I3, 20, 22, 24, 26, 44, 69, 70, 75, 76, 78. 1975: 9, 48, 86, 91. 1976: 37, 48, 50, 78, 92, 102, 103. Jhite-winged - 1976: 48. Crow, Common - 1974: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 12, 43, 66, 99. 1975: 8, 14, 32, 57. 1976: 4, 36, 43, 82, 85, 91. Fish - 1974: 10, 12, 20, 43. 1975: 6, 57- 1976: 475H, 45, 91. Cuckoo, Black-billed - 1974: 2, 5, 43, 58, 101, 103, 104. 1975: TS; 20, 24, 57, 65, 68, 88, 91. 1976: 6, I9, 21, 78, 82, 85, 91, 100, 105. Yellow-billed - 1974: 2, 5, 6, 7, 21, 45, 58. 1221- 19, 20, 29, 50, 57. 1226: 4, 9, 19, 48, 76, 79, 82, 85, 91. Dickcissel - 1974: 3, 6, 22, 30, 44, 64, 102. 1975: 9, H, 36, 58, 66, 71, 89, 90. 1976: 4, 45, 78, 83, 92, 102. Dove, Groiind - 1975: 43, 44, 71. 1976: 68. Mourning - 1974: 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 12, 24, 30, 43, 58, 99, 105. 1222: 8, 28, 57, 71. 1976: 3, 4, 36, 68, 82, 85, 84, 85, 91. Rock - 1974: 2, 5, 8, 12, 45, 49, 50. 1975: 8, 57. 1976: 4, 56, 82, 85, 91. Do'witcher, Long-billed - 1975: 68. 1976: 21. Short-billed - 1974: 67, 68, 78, 101. 1975: 17, 19, 2?71976: 21. Duck, Black - 1974: 11, 21, 23, 25, 76, 77, 102. 1975: 7, 19, 24, 56. 1976: 20, 23, 35, 90, 99. Fulvous, Tree - 1976: 74, 76, 87, 98, 99. Labrador - 1976: 32. Masked - 1974: 47, 48. Ring-necked - 1974: 11, 45. 1975: 7, 24, 45, 56, 70, 88. 1226: 23, 35, 76, 79, 90, 99. Ruddy - 1974: 11, 45, 46, 4?, 79. 1975: 7, 19, 56, 67. 1226: 18, 55, 49, 76, 79, 90, 100. Wood - 1974: 2, 11, 40, 41, 45, 76. 1975: 7, 21, 45, 47, 56, 67, 78, 80. 1976: 4, 20, 35, 82, 84, 85, 90. Dunlin - 1974: 12, 24, 45, 78. 1975: 8, 20, 22, 43, 46, 68, 78, 90. 1976: 6, 18, 21, 36, 48, 77, 79, 90. Eagle, Bald - 1974: 11, 21, 23, 25, 33, 65, 90, 100, 101. 1975: 8, 10, 27, 40, 44, 46, 51, 53, 54, 65, 72, 78, 86, 88, 89. 1976: 15, 18, 21, 35, 38, 44, 46, 47, 77, 98, 101. Golden - 1974: 10, 21, 23, 25, 33, 65. 1975: 7, 18, 22, 27, 40, 46, 53, 54, 56, 67, 68, 71. 1976: 15, 18, 35, 44, 45, 46, 47, 76. Egret, Cattle - 1974: 10, 11, 23, 45, 75, 77, 79, 101, 102. 1975: 56, 64, 66, 67, 88, 89. 1976: 2, 4, 16, 17, 18, 20, 45, 76, 77, 82, 90, 99, 101. Great (Common) - 1974: 11, 14, 23, 45, 55, 75, 101, 102. 1221: 19, 21, 56, 66, 67, 88, 89. 1976: 47^' ““ ' - ““ 79, 90, 101. Snowy - 122±: 75, 77. 1221- 18, 1976: 4, 74, 79. Eider, King - 1976: 14. Falcon, Peregrine - 1974: 33, 87. 1975: 18, 22, 53, 54, 64, 66. 1976: 23, 26, 47, 68. Finch, House - 1974: 20, 22, 24, 96, 97. 1975: 64, 67, 71. 1226: 15, 37, 41, 47, 48, 74, 78. Purple - 1974: 13, 22, 24, 44, 73, 74, 76, 80, 96, 97. 1975: 14, 23, 24, 45, 4?, 48, 58, 69, 70, 84. 1226: 15, 17, 19, 20, 22, 37, 43, 48, 50, 78, 92. Flicker, Common (Yellow-shafted) - 1974: 2, 5, 12, 30, 43, 58. 1975: 8, 30, 50, 57, 75, 74. 1976: 4, 36, 50, 82, 85, 91. Flycatcher, Acadian - 1974: 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 30, 40, 43. 1975: 57, 65. 1226: 4, 19, 21, 82, 85, 91. Alder - 1222: 55, 57. 1226: 76. Great Crested - 1974: 2, 5, 7, 43, 79. 1975: 31, 57, 71. 1976: 4, 82, 85, 91. Least - 1974: 22, 30, 43, 58, 76. 1975: 20, 50, 57, 65, 66. 1976: 19, 21, 24, 65, 76, 80, 91. Olive-sided - 1974: 22, 43, 100, 102. 1975: 19, 88, 91. 1976: 6, 19, 69, 70, 71, 76, 91, 103. Scissor-tailed - 1975 : 64, 65- 1976: 74, 76, 98, 99. Willow (Traill's) - 1974: 43, 76, 78, ?o, 25, 45, 47, 77, 66. [Vol. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 105 100, 101, 103. 1975: 20, 87, 88, 90, 91. 1226: 19, 21, 65, 78, 82, 83, 85, 91, 100, 101, 103. Yellow-bellied - 1975= 18, 20, 67, 68. 1976: 9, 17, 19, 21, 24, 99- Gadwall - 1974: 11, 25, 76. 1975: 7, 45, 47, 67. 1976: 20, 35, 40, 49, 76, 77, 90, 101. Gallinule, Common - 1974: 77* 1975 : 1, 2, 56, 64, 66, 67, 68, 89, 90. 1976: 16, 20, 21, 74, 76. Purple - 1974: 94. 1976: 16, 18. Gnatcatcher, Blue-^ray - 1974: 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 43, 76, 99, 104. 1975: 34, 57, 65, 69. 1226: 3, 37, 39, 46, 75, 78, 83, 85, 91. Godwit, Marbled - 1974: 52, 95. 1976: 16, 20, 21. Goldeneye, Common - 1974 : 11, 21, 23, 25, 40. 1975: 7, H, 45, 56. 1976: 35. Goldfinch, American - 1974: 3, 6, 7, 13, '+4. 1975: 9, 14, 37, 53. 1976: 4, 37, 43, 83, 85, 87, 92. Goose, Barnacle - 1976: 44, 45. Blue - 1974: 64, 93. 1975: 21. Canada - 1974: 11, 21, 23, 45, 64. 1975: 7, 21, 45, 56. 1226: 20, 23, 35, 49, 90. Hawaiian - 1974: 18. Snow - 1974: 11, 14, 15, 21, 23, 45, 46, 93. 1222: 7, 19, 21, 45. 1226: 18, 35, 38, 39, 47, 89, 90. White-fronted - 1974: 64. 1975: 6, 7, 21, 45, 71. 1976: 44, 45, Goshawk - 1974: 65, 66. 1976: 16, 23, 44, 49, 50, 74, 79, 90, 93, 94. Grackle, Common - 1974: 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 44, 71. 1975: 6, 9, 36, 53, 84. 1976: 3, 4, 37, 83, 85, 92. Grebe, Eared - 1976: 16, 18. Horned - 1974: 11, 21, 23, 25, 41, 45, 64, 77, 100. 1975: 7, 19, 21, 44, 45, 47, 65, 67, 71, 75, 76. 1226: 13, 20, 35, 45, 47, 49, 90. Pied-billed - 1974: 11, 14, 21, 30, 45, 58, 75, 102. 1222= 7, 25, 56, 65, 66, 87, 89. 1976: 20, 35, 40, 47, 90, 98, 101, 102. Red-necked - 1975: 43, 45, 75, 76. 1976: 16, 18. Western - 1974: 10, 20, 21, 64. 1976: 34, 35, 38. Grosbeak, Black-headed - 1974: 10, 15, 20, 22, 24, 72, 73. 1975: 43, 44, 64, 67, 71, 84, 85. Blue - 1974: 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 41, 44, 80, 86, 104. 1975: 23, 58, 66, 67, 69, 70, 91. 12261 4, 24, 75, 80, 83, 85, 92, 103. Evening - 1974: 13, 14, 22, 24, 26, 44, 73, 80, 104. 1975: 9, 14, 45, 46, 48, 58, 64, 67, 69, 70, 71. 1976: 17, 19, 20, 22, 37, 40, 43, 45, 48, 50, 72, 74, 75, 76, 78, 80, 92, 101, 102, 103. Hose-breasted - 1974: 1, 3, 4, 6, 22, 30, 44, 58, 102, 103, 104. 1975: 19, 23, 44, 50, 58, 65, 66, 67, 71, 87, 89, 90. 1976: 9, 22, 24, 38, 47, 48, 75, 92, 100. , Grouse, Ruffed - 1974: 12, 45, 82, 83. 1975: 8, 56. 1976: 35, 43, 77, 90, 102. Gull, Bonaparte's - 1974: 12, 21, 24, 26, 45, 78, 79. 1975: 8, 20, 22, 45, 46, 56, 65, 66, 68, 71. 1976: 19, 36, 48, 50, 78, 90. Pranklin - 1974: 20, 21. Herring - 1974: 12, 21, 24, 45. 1975: 8, 48, 56, 88. 1976: 19, 21, 36, 38, 48, 79, 90. Laughing - 1974: 42, 45, 46. 1975: 81. Ring-billed - 1974: 12, 24, 45. 1975: 8, 22, 24, 48, 56, 68, 70. 1976: 17, 21, 36, 48, 78, 79, 82, 90. Hawk, Broad-winged - 1974: 2, 5, 7, 19, 20, 23, 32, 33, 45, 76, 77, 7^.^102. 1975: 12, 20, 24, 27, 52, 53, 54, 56, 65, 70, 91. 1976: 4, 25, 26, 27, 77, 79, 82, 84, 85, 90, 101. Cooper's - 1974: 2, 4, 6, 11, 21, 23, 25, 55, 45, 65, 66, 76, 77, 79, 102. 1975: 7, 14, 20, 22, 24, 27, 45, 48, 53, 54, 56, 64, 66, 68, 70, 71, 91. 1976: 21, 25, 25, 26, 27, 35, 46, 47, 50, 76, 77, 79, 90, 101, 102. Ferruginous - 1974 : 48. 49. Krider's - 1974 : 49. Marsh - 1974: 11, 23, 35, 45, 65. 1^ 8, 22, 24, 46, 48, 55, 56, 68, 70, 87. 1228: 23, 26, 27, 35, 77, 79, 90. Pigeon - See Merlin. Red-shouldered - 1974: 2, 5, 7, 8, 11, 23, 25, 53, ^5, 77, 79, 99, 102. 1975: 7, 45, 48, 53, 56, 66, 68, 78. 1976: 4, 26, 27, 35, 58, 7^, 76, 79, 82, 85, 90. Red-tailed - 1974: 1, 2, 5, 8, 11, 53, 45, 49, 64, 65, 99. 1975: 7, 27, 53, 56, 60, 66. 1976: 4, 21, 25, 26, 27, 35, 7^, 76, 82, 85, 90, 101. Rough-legged - 1974: 49. 1975: 6, 7, 18, 20, 44, 45, 46, 64, 66, 71. 1976: 18, 55, 44, 45, 46, 76. Sharp-shinned - 1974: 2, 11, 21, 23, 25, 33, 65, 66, 67, 77, 79, 102. 1222= 7, 10, 14, 19, 22, 44, 45, 48, 53, 54, 56, 64, 66, 67, 70, 71, 89, 91. 1976: 18, 20, 23, 25, 26, 27, 35, 39, 45, 46, 47, 50, 76, 77, 79, 82, 90, 100, 101, 102. Hen, Heath - 1976: 32. Heron, Black-crowned Wight - 1974: 11, 21, 23, 45, 75, 77, 101, 102, 104. 1975: 7, 18, 21, 56, 64, 66, 67, 87, 88, 89. 1976: 4, 17, 20, 35, 97, 82, 85, 90, 98, 99, 101. Great Blue - 1974: .11. 25, 25, 36, 45, 55, 58, 59, 65, 79, 101, 102. 1222: 7, 19, 45, 56, 79. 1976: 4, 10, 20, 23, 35, 97, 77, 82, 90, 101, 102. Green - 1979: 2, 5, 90, 45, 77, 102. 1975: 7, 13, 21, 25, 25, 56, 66, 67, 69. 1976: 4, 18, 20, 23, 47, 76, 77, 79, 82, 85, 87, 90. Little Blue - 1974: 45, 55, 75, 77, 100, 101, 102. 1975: 19, 21, 56, 67, 88, 89. 1976: 2, 3, 4, 18, 20, 76, 77, 82. jouisiana - 1975: 18. Yellow-crownedNight - 1974: 45, 76, 77, 79, 101, 102. 1975: 21, 23, 56, 65, 66, 67, 69, 88, 89. 1976: 4, 18, 20, 45, 77, 79, 82, 90, 99, 101. Hummingbird, Ruby- throated - 1974: 2, 5, 8, 21, 43, 76. 1975: 30, 57. 1976: 4, 5, 21, 29, 78, 82, 85, 91. Ibis, Glossy - 1974: 20, 21. 1976: 4, 16, 20, 98, 99. White - 1975: 18, 21. Jay, Blue - 1974: 2, 5, 6, 7, 12, 43, 78. 1975: 8, 14, 23, 32, 57. 1976: 4, 29, 36, 43, 82, 83, 84, 85, 91. Junco, Lark-eyed - 1974: 13, 44, 55, 99. 1975: 9, 1^, 19, 48, 58, 84. 1976: 9, 17, 37, 43, 92. Oregon - 1974: 54, 55. Slate-colored - 1974: Kestrel, American - IQ*^ 67, 77, 99, 102. 1221 56, 60, 66, 89. 1976: 74, 76, 82, 90, 101. Killdeer - 1974: 2, 5, 68, 95, 99. 1975: 8, 56, 61, 62, 68, 78, 80. 1976: 18, 36, 47, 77, 82, 85, 90. Kingbird, Eastern - 1974: 2, 5, 7, 22, 43, 76. 1975: 20, 22, 30, 57, 65, 78. 1976: 4, 21, 78, 82, 85, 91. Western - 1974: 28.. Kingfisher, Belted - 1974: 2, 5, 7, 8, 12, ^5. 1975: 8, 30, 57. 1976: 4, 36, 43, 82, Kinglet, Golden-crowned - 1974: 13, 30, 43, 58. 1222: 9, 14, 19, 57. 1222- 9, 37, 43, 75, 91. Ruby-crowned - 1974: 13, 30, 31, 43. 1975: 9, 14, 20, 57, 66. 1226: 9, 37, 38, 78, 91. Kite, Mississippi - 1974: 45, 101. 1975 : 56. 1976: 3, 4, 16, 17, 74, 87, 90, 98, 99. Kittiwake, Black-legged - 1975 : 81. 54, , 55. 74: 2 ^ 5, , 12 , 33. , 45, 8, , 16, , 22 , 28, , 53, ■ 4, 26, 27, 35, 43, 12, 19, 21, 24, 45, 17, 20, 28, 45, 46, [VoL. 47, 1976] 106 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER Lark, Horned - 1974: 2, 5, 8, 12, 21, 26, 45, 102, 103. 1975: 8, 10, 20, 46, 48, 57. 1976: 4,. 24, 35, 56, 48, 82, 85, 91. Longspur, Lapland - 1974: 13, 20, 22. 1975 : 72. 1976: 37, 44, 45, 46. Loon, Common - 1974: 11, 21, 25, 25, 45, 77, 79, 92, 101, 102. 1975: 7, 19, 21, 23, 45, 47, 56, 67, 69, 71, 88, 89, 91. 1976: 17, 20, 23, 59, 45, 47, 49, 77, 79, 90, 99. Red-throated - 1974: 42, 45, 93. 1975= 45, 47. 1976: 44, 49, 89, 90. Mallard - 1974: 2. 5, H, 25, 45, 102. 122^: 7, 11, 56, 67, 80. 1226: 4, 35, 82, 90. ■ Martin, ihirple - 1974: 2, 5, 21, 24, 25, 43, 56, 78, 79, 104. 1222= 52, 43, 46, 48, 57, 71. 1976: 4, 22, 48, 60, 80, 82, 85, 91, 103. Meadowlark, Eastern - 1974: 3, 6, 7, 15, 44. 1222= 9, 55, 58. 1226: 5, 4, 34, 37, 83, 84, 85, 92. Western - 1975: 64, 65. 1976: 38. Merganser, Common - 1974: 11, 20, 23. 1975: 7, 19, 48. 1226: 35, 47, 77. Hooded - 1974: 11, 25, 45, 79, 102. 1975: 7, 26, 47, 56, 89. 1226: 4, 35, 77, 82, 90, 100. Red-breasted - 1974: 11, 20, 23, 25, 45, 76, 77, 79. 1222= 7, 19, 45, 56, 67, 70, 89. 1976: 35, 47, 77, 90. Merlin - 1975: 18, 20, 28, 45, 46, 55, 60, 64, 66. 1976: 16, 38, 47, 74, 77- Mockingbird - 1974: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 15, 43, 58, 60, 61, 62, 99. 1222= 9, 53, 50, 57. 1976: 3, 4, 36, 82, 83, 85, 91. Nighthawk, Common - 1974: 2, 43, 76. 1975: 19, 20, 22, 24, 29, 46, 57, 62, 63, 66, 71. 1976: 4, 21, 82, 91. Nutcracker, Clark's - 1976: 30. Nuthatch, Brown-headed - 1974: 100, 102. 1976: 48, 74, 78, 91. Red-breasted - 1974: 12, 24, 30, 43, 78. 1975: 8, 14, I9, 20, 23, 24, 45, 46, 48, 57, 65, 68. 1976: 9, 17, 20, 22, 36, 43, 45, 50, 76, 91, 103. iAiite-breasted - 1974: 2, 6, 7, 12, 15, 41, 43, 46. 1975: 8, 10, 14, 19, 57. 1976: 4, 36, 40, 43, 32, 85, 91. Oldsquaw - 1974: 10, 11, 21, 23, 25, 41. 1975: 44, 47, 7I. 1976: 16, 18, 35, 39, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49. Oriole, Northern (Baltimore) - 1974: 30, 44, 58, 72, 78. 1975: 36, 44, 58, 69, 90. 1226: 4, 19, 22, 37, 59, 46, 92, 99, 102. Orchard - 1974: 3, 6, 7, 8, 44, 72. 1975: 19, 23, 36, 58, 78. 1976: 4, 22, 83, 85, 92. Osprey - 1974: 12, 28, 33, 34, 41, 45, 77, 79, 101, 102. 1975: 6, 20, 22, 28, 55, 56, 66, 68, 70, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91. 1976: 18, 23, 26, 27, 35, 39, 46, 47, 76, 77, 79, 90, 98, 101. Ovenbird - 1974: 3, 6, 7, 29, 30, 31, 58. 1975: 19, 50, 58, 67, 71. 1976: 6, 8, 9, 17, 83, 85, 92. Owl, Barn - 1974: 12, 24, 43, 77, 78, 102, 103, 104. 1975: 8, 22, 29, 46, 57, 64, 67, 68, 70, 90. 1226: 19, 21, 23, 36, 46, 48, 50, 76, 78, 79, 91, 93, 100, 101, 103. Barred - 1974: 2, 12, 26, 41, 43, 68, 69, 79, 104. 1975: 8, 10, 11, 24, 29, 46, 48, 57, 70, 71, 90, 91. 1226: 4, 24, 36, 50, 80, 82, 85, 91. Great Horned - 1974: 2, 5, 12, 41, 43, 99. 1975: 8, 24, 29, 57, 7I. 1976: 4, 36, 44, 45, 46, 48, 50, 79, 91. Long-eared - 1975: 10, 45, 45, 46, 64, 67, 63, 70, 71, 81, 83. Saw-whet - 1974: 26. 1975:57. 1976:105. Screech - 1974: 2, 12, 43, 78, 82, 83, 84, 99. 197^ 8, 29, 57, 68, 70. 1976: 36, 43, 82, 91. Short-eared - 1974 : 12, 20, 21, 23, 24, 75, 76. 1975: 29, 44, 71. 1976: 44, 46,48. rarakeet, Carolina - 1976: 32. Louisiana - 1976: 32. Monk - 1974: 27. Pewee, Eastern Wood - 1974 : 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 43. 1975: 23, 31, 50, 57, 66, 68. 1976: 4, 19, 76, 82, 85, 91. Pelican, Brown - 1976: 32. White - 1975: 66. 1976: 2, 6, Penguin, Gentoo - 1976: 67. Jackass - 1976: 67. King - 1976: 67. Macaroni - 1976: 67. Rockhopper - 1976: 67. Petrel, Harcourt's Storm - 1976: 16, 23. Phalarope, Northern - 1974: 96. 1975:- 86. 89, 90. 1976; 94, 98, 100. Wilson's - 1975: 18, 20, 21, 22, 56, 88. 1976: 18. Pheasant, Ring-necked - 1974: 2, 5, 12, 14, 15, 46. 1975: 12, 56. 1976; 46, 101. Phoebe, Eastern - 1974: 2, 5, 8, 12, 14, 43, 99. 122^: 8, 14, 31, 57. 1226: 4, 36, 38, 39, 82, 85, 91. Pigeon, Passenger - 1974: 82, 83, 84. 1976: BaAd-tailed - 1974: 49, 50, 51, 75, 76. Pintail - 1974: 11, 14, 21, 25. 1975: 7, 21, 45. 1976: 18, 20, 35, 39, 4^90. Pipit, Water - 1974: I3, 24, 26, 45. 1975: 9, 20, 23, 24, 46, 48, 57, 69, 7°, 71. 1976: 22, 37, 48, 78. Sprague's - 1976: 44, 45. Plover, American Golden - 1974: 24, 45, 101. 1975 : 22, 46, 56, 64, 68, 87. 1976: 18, 21, 47, 75, 76, 77. Black-bellied - 1975: 22, 28, 56. 1976: 6, 17, 18, 21, 46, 48, 76. Piping - 1222= 16, 17. Semipalmated - 1974: 45, 77, 101, 103. 1975: 16, 17, 22, 56, 65, 66, 68, 88, 90. 1976: 6, 18, 21, 23, 75, 77, 82, 90, 102. Snowy - 1975 : 16. Wilson - 1975: 17- Rail, King - 1974: 76, 77, 103. 1975: 1, 2, 22, 28, 42, 46, 56, 68, 90. 1976: 21, 47, 74, 77, 90, 101. Virginia - 1222= 22, 23, 30, 45, 58, 59, 76, 77, 100, 103. 1975: 20, 22, 41, 42, 46, 50, 56, 65, 68. 1976: 9, 18, 21, 39, 47, 74, 75, 76, 77, 90, 93, 100. Raven, Common - 1974: 12, 26, 43, 104. 1975: 8, 14, 48, 57, 70. 1222= 56, 43, 50, 80, 91, 103. Redhead - 1974: 11, 25, 45. 1975: 7, 10, 19, 21, 47, 67. 1976: 35, 41, 47, 90. Redpoll, Common - 1976: 87. RedstarC American - 1974: 3, 6, 7, 30, 44, 58, 78. 1975: 50, 5«, 69. 1222= 9, 83, 92. Robin, American - 1974: 2, 5, 13, 43. 1975: 9, 14, 33, 45, 46, 57. 1222= 56, 83, 85, 91. Sanderling - 1974: 22. 1976: 17, 18, Sandpiper, Baird's 1975: 18, 20, 21, 1976: 6, 31, 76, Buff-breasted - 1976: 18, 20, 21. Least - 1974: 2, 4, 5, 12, 24, 45, 76, 78, 101, 103. 1975: 8, 17, 22, 24, 28, 43, 46, 56, 61, 68, 80, 88, 90. 1976: 4, 21, 36, 45, 48, 75, 82, 90, 99, 101, 102. Pectoral - 1974: 21, 45, 78, 79, 101, 103. 1975: 17, 25744, 46, 56, 62, 65, 68. T^: 21, 23, 41, 47, 48, 75, 79, 82, 90, 101. 95. 1222= 18. 19, 20, 21, 23. - 1224: 75, 76, 101. 22, 61, 62, 66, 88, 90. 77, 90, 94, 100. ihirple - 1975: 80, 81. Semipalmated - 1974: 2, 45, 78, 95, 101, 103. 1975: 17, 22, 24, 56, 61, 68, 80, 88, 90. 1976: 3, 6, 21, 75, 82, 90, 99, 101, 102. Solitary - 1974: 21, 45, 77, 79, 10^, 104. 1975: 17, 20, 22, 56, 68, 70, 90. 1976: 46, 75, 79, 82, 90, 99. Spited - 1974: 2, 24, 45, 68, 77, 79, 101, 103. 1975: 22, 56, 68, 70, 71, 86, 87, 90. 1976: 6, 48, 50, 75, 82, 90, 99, 100, 101. Stilt - 1974: 101. 1975: 20, 21, 22, 56, 80, 88. 1976: 18, 21, 76, 100. [VOL. 47, 1976] 1976 THE MIGRANT 107 Upland - 197^: 77, 100, 101. 1979: 19, 20, 28, 86, 88. 1976: 17, IS, 75, 90, 98, 100. Western - 1974: 21, 45, 78, 101. 1975: 21, 22, 56, 61, 88, 90. 1976: 6, 21, 23, 77, 100, 102. White-rumped - 1974: 76, 78, 101. 1975 : 17, 56, 61, 88. 1976: 6, 1?, 18, 21, 76, 82, 99, 100, 101. oapsucker. Yellow-bellied - 1974: 12, 43, 104. 1975: 8, 19, 57- 1976: 16, 17, 36, 50, 91. 3caup, Greater - 1974: 23, 25,' 77. 1975: 7, 45, 67. 1976: 34, 35, 47, 77, 90, 101. Lesser - 1974: 11, 45. 1975: 7, 21, 56, 87. 1976: 34, 35, 47, 74, ?7, 79, 90. Scoter, Surf - 1974: 21, 23. 1975: 43, 47, 64, 67, 71, 79, 80. 1976: 16, 18, 34, 35, 39, 40, 46, 47, 49. 'White-winged - 1974: 41. 1975 : 71. 1976: 35, 39, 47, 49. Shoveler, ^'•orthern - 1974 : 11, 23, 79, 94. 1975: 7, 45, 70. 1976: 20, 23, 35, 49, 77, 79, 90. Shrike, Loggerhead - 1974 : 3, 5, 8, 13, 43, 78, 99. 1975: 9, S4, 57. 1976: 4, 37, 80, 83, 85, 91, 103. Siskin, Line - 1974: 13, 22, 24, 26, 44, 76, 78, 80, 100, 104.^ 1975: 9, 10, 14, 45, 47, 48, 58, 64, 69, 70, 86, 91. 1976: 17, 20, 22, 24, 37, 39, 48, ?4, 78, 87, 92, 100, 103. Skimmer, Black - 1976: 29. Snipe, Common - 1974 : 12, 24, 45, 76, 77. 1975: 6, 8, 12, 19, 22, 24, 46, 56, 68, 78, 86, 89, 90. 1976: 21, 36, 38, 48, 75, 77, 90. oora - 1974: 24, 45, 76, 77, 79. 1975: 19, 20, 22, 42, 46, 50, 56, 68, 70. 1976: 17, 18, 21, 23, 59, 75, 76, 77, 90. Sparrow, Bachman's - 1974: 3, 75, 78, 100, 101, 102, 103. 1975: 37, 87, 89, 90. 1226: 55, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 85, 84, 85, 98, 99. Chipping - 1974: 3, 6, 13, 24, 26, 29, 30, 44, 98. 1975: 37, 48, 58. 1976: 4, 37, 45, 46, 50, 75, 83, 85, 92. Field - 1974: 3, 6, 7, 8, 13, 29, 30, 41, 44, 58. 1975: 9, 14, 57, 58, 84. 1976: 4, 37, 45, 85, 85, 92. Fox - 1974: 13, 26, 29, 30, 44, 80. 1975: 9, 12, 47, 48, 58, 69, 70. 1976: 37, 40, 50. Grasshopper - 1974 : 3, 6, 7, 44. 1975 : 20, 24, 57, 58, 69, 89, 90, 91. 1976: 6, 9, 22, 75, 78, 80, 85, 92, 100, 101, 102, 103. Harris’ - 1974: 75, 76. 1975: 6, 9. 1976: 44, 46, 47, 48. Henslow's - 1976: 88. House - 1974: 3, 6, 8, 13, 44, 98. 1975: 4, 9, 14, 35, 58. 1976: 3, 4, 15, 57, 43, 61, 85, 85, 92. Lark - 1974: 3, 6, 44, 75, 79, 80, 86, 98, 10171^75: 37, 58, 64, 66, 87, 89. 1976: 19, 74, 75, 76. Leconte's - 1974: I5. 1975: 6, 9, 71. 1976: 37, 38, 4?, 48. Lincoln's - 1974: 44, 58, 76. 1975: 9, 20, 23, 24, 58, 69, 71, 89. 1976: 22, 40, 75, 92. Savannah - 1974: 15, 26, 29, 30, 44, 58. 1975: 9, 24, 50, 58, 69, 89. 1226: 22, 37, 75, 78, 92. Sharp- tailed - 1975 : 89. Song - 1974: 13, 30, 41, 44, 61. 1975: 9, 14, 19, 50, 58, 89. 1976: 6, 37, 45, 85, 84, 92, 98, 99, 100. Swamp - 1974: 13, 29, 30, 41, 44, 58. 1975: 9, 12, 19, 48, 58, 89. 1976: 9, 37, 76, 78, 92. Tree - 1974: 10, I3, 20, 22. 1975: 9, 44, 71. 1976: 37, 46. Vesper - 1974: 10, 15, 24, 29, SO, 44, 46, 58, 76, 80, 104. 1975: 6, 9, 10, 25, 58, 70, 71, 91. 1976: 37, 48, 80, 92, 103. iVhite-crowned - 1974: 3, 4, 6, 13, 26, 44, 73, 78, 80. 1975: 9, 23, 24, 47, 48, 58, 70. 1976: 19, 22, 24, 57, 42, 48, 50, 78, 40, 9, 44. 19, 111 47, ' 80, 83, 92, 100. 'White-throated - 1974 : 15, 29, 50, 41, 44, 58, 78, 80, 101. 1975 : 9, 14, 25, 24, 58, 70, 89. 1976: 9, 16, 17, 19, 22, 24, 37, 80, 92, 100. Starling - 1974: 3, 5, 8, 15, 45, 99. 1975: 6, 9, 34, 57, 73, 74. 1976: 3, 4, 37, 43, 83, 85, 91. Stork, Wood - 1975 : 79, 87, 88. Swallow, Bank - 1974: 45, 55, 56. 1975: 24, 57, 68, 88. 1976: 1, 4, 5, 19, 22, 78, 80, 82, 91, 100, 101. Barn - 1974: 2, 5, 5, 8, 24, 45, 56, 76. 1975: 23, 51, 48, 57, 65, 68. 1976: 3, 4, 22, 48, 82, 83, 84, 85, 91. Cliff - 1974: 2, 4, 5, 8, 20, 43. 1975: 24, 57, 68. 1976: 24, 48, 82, 83, 84, 91. Rough-winged - 1974 : 2, 5, 8, 45, 99. 1975 : 51, 57, 68. 1976: 4, 22, 24, 82, Tree -*1974: 2, 43, 55, 76, 78, 79, 101. 1975: 23, 24, 44, 46, 57, 68, 70, 85, 86, 89, 88, 90, 91. 1976: 6, 19, 21, 47, 48, 78, 80, 82, 91, 98, 100, 101. Swan, Whistling - 1974: 11, 21, 23, 75, 76, 95. 1975: 45. 1976: 44 , 45, 47. Swift, Chimney - 1974: 2, 5, 7, 45, 73. 1975: 22, 24, 29757, 63, 65, 66, 68. 1976: 3, 4, 75, 78, 80, 82, 83, 63, 91. Tanager, Scarlet - 1974: 5, 6, 7, 41, 44, 58, 101. 1975: 197 0, 58, 71. 1976: 6, 9, 22, 75, 83, 85, 92. Summer - 1974 : 3, 6, 7, 40, 44. 19, 36, 44, 58. 1976: 4, 9, 19, 22, 83, 85, 92. Teal, Blue-winged - 1974 : 101, 102. 1975: 7,“^ 24, 26, 56, 88, 89. 1976: §720, 55, 41, 45, 47, 49, 77, 82, 90, 99, 101. Cinnamon - 1974: 94. Green-winged - 1974: 11, 23, 25, 79, 94. 1975: 7, 19, 21, 24, 45, 47, 66, 67. 1976: 20, 35, 49, 77, 79, 90. Tern, Black - 1974: 41, 45, 78, 105. 1975: 17, 19, 20, 22^28, 57, 61, 87, 90. 1976: 19, 21, 23, 78, 91, 101. ^ST^ian - 1974: 43, 52, 76, 78. 1975: 20, 56. 1976: 19, 21, 25, 78, 87, 91, 101. Common - 1974: 45. 1975: 22, 56, 90. 1976 : 6, 21, 23, 78, 90, 101. ^^orster's - 1974: 45, 103. 1975: 19, 20, 22, 24, 56, 61, 66, 68, 88. 1^6: 6, 19, 21, 75, 76, 90, 100. Least - 1974: 45, 101. 1975: 22. 1976: 4, 82. Thrasher, Brown - 1974: 2, 5, 7, 8, 13, 45, 1221- 9, 33, 57. 1226: 4, 9, 56, 82, 85, 91. Thrush, Gray-cheeked - 1974: 30, 43. 1975 : 20, 57. 1976: 9, 91. Hermit - 1974: 15, 26, 41, 43. 1975: 9, 48, 50, 57, 69, 70. 1976: 9, 19, 37, 50, 78, 80, 89, 91. Swainson's - 1974: 3, 30, 45, 58. 15 46, 50, 57, 65, 69, 88, 90. 1976: 22, 46, 83, 91, 100. Wood - 1974: 2, 5, 7, 8, 30, 40, 43, 58. 1975: 54, 50, 57, 65. 12Z&: 4, 9, 16, 22, 41, 83, 85, 91. Titmouse, Tufted - 1974 : 2, 5, 6, 7, 12, 45, 67, 99. 1975: 8, 14, 32, 57. 1976: 5, 4, 36, 45, 82, 83, 84, 85, 91. Towhee, Rufous-sided - 1974: 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 30, 44. 1975: 9, 14, 37, 58, 66, 84. 1976: 4, 37, 45, 83, 85, 92. Turkey - 1974: 2, 5, 6, 10, 25, 45, 104. 1975: 8, 56. 1976: 29, 36, 38, 39, 82, Turnstone, Ruddy - 1974 : 19, 100, 101. 1975: 18, 19. 1976: 20, 21, '98, 100. Veery - 1974: 30, 43, 58. 1975: 20, 21, 57, 69, 90. 1976: 75, 78, 80, 91. Vireo, Philadelphia - 1974: 43, 58. I5 20, 21, 23, 50, 57, 64, 65. 1976: ~ 19, 22, 24, 74, 76, 78, 80, 91, 100. Red-eyed - 1974: 3, 5, 6, 7, 29, 30, 43, 58. 1975 : 21, 34, 50, 57, 69. 1976: 4, 8, 9, 83, 85, 91. Solitary - 1974: 26, 30, 31, 43, 79. 1975: 19, 2TrT4, 44,' 46, 57, 65, 71. 1976: 9, 22, 24, 50, 78, 91. [VoL. 47, 1976] 108 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER Warbling - 197^: ^9, 76, 70, 80. 1970 : 58, 65, 69, 70. 1976: 4, 19, 75, 78, 85, 92. White-eyed - 1974: 5, 5, 6, 7, 43, 79- 1975: 34, 57,^^ 1976: 5, 4, 9, 22, 787^85, 85, 91. Yellow-throated - 1974; 5, 5, 6, 7, 41, 43. 1975: 20, 57, 66. 1976: 4, 9, 75, 83, 85, 91. Vulture, Black - 1974: 2, 5, H, 23, 45, 77, 102. 1975: 7, 22, 24, 27, 45, 56, 64, 67, 70, 88, 91. 1976: 6, 20, 35, 39, 49, 79, 82, 85, 90. Turkey - 1974: 2, 5, 6, 7, 11, 14, 23, 45, 77. 1225= 7, 18, 26, 27, 45, 56, 67, 71. 1976: 4, 20, 35, 38, 47, 49, 77, 82, 85, 90. Warbler, Bay-breasted - 1974 : 30, 44, 1975: 44, 50, 50, 90. 8, 9, 17, 22, 83, 04, 85, 92, 100. Black-and-white - 1974: 3, 5, 7, 21, 30, 43, 58. 1975: 50, 58, 87. 1976: 6, 9, 46, 47, 48, 78, 80, 83, 85, 92. Blackburnian - 1974: 30, 44, 58. 1975: 19, 50, 58, 90. 1976: 9, 16, 78, 92. Blackpoll - 1974: 44, 104. 1975: 20, 23, 49, 50, 58, 70, 90. 197^46. 8, 9, 19, 22, 78, 79, 80, 83, 84, 85, 92, 103. Black-throated Blue - 1974 : 44, 58. 1975: 20, 58, 69, 87, 38. 1976: 22, 78, 92, 100. Black-throated Green - 1974: 30, 44, 58. 1975: 19, 50, 58. 1976: 9, 45, 78, 83, 92. Blue-winged - 1974 : 3, 5, 6, 41, 44, 69, 70, 80. 1975: 58, 65, 70, 90. 1976: 9, 78, 80, 83, 92, 101, 102. "Brewster's" - 1974: 69, 70. 1975:91. Canada - 1974; 30, 44, 78. 197^ 50, 58, 65, 69. 1976: 22, 80, 83, 92. Cape May - 1974: 44, 80. 1975: 43, 44, 58, 65. 1976: 9, 22, 34, 37, 38, 42, 45, 47, 48, 50, 75, 92. Cerulean - 1974: 3, 5, 6, 7, 30, 41, 44, 80. 1975: 58, ?0, 91. 1976: 4, 9, 22, 78, 30, 85, 92. Chestnut-sided - 1974 : 30, 44, 58. 1975 : 50, 58, 71, 87, 89. 1976: 6, 9, 22, 78, 92, 101, 102. Connecticut - 1974: 30, 31. 1975 : 67, 90. 1976: 17, 24, 76, 83, 100, 102. Golden-winged - 1974: 30, 31, 44, 69, 70, 80, 104. 1975: 58. 1976: 75, 80, 92, 93, 103. Hooded - 1974: 3, 6, 44, 67. 1975: 35, 58, 89. 1976: 4, 83, 85, 92. Kentucky - 1974: 3, 6, 7, 30, 44, 58. 1975: 21, 35, 50, 58, 65. 1976: 4, 9, 83, 85, 92. Magnolia - 1974 : 30, 44, 58, 1975= 50, 58, 87, 91. 1976: 9, 22, 41, 92, Mourning - 1974: 58. 1975: 20, 69. 1976: 19, 76, 83, 100, 103. Nashville - 1974: 21, 30, 44, 80. 19 44, 58, 69, 71. I, 22, 80, 92. Orange-crowned - 1974 : 13, 21, 30, 51, 42, 44, 76, 78. 1975: 20, 23, 24, 44, 67, 69, 71. 1976: 9, 19, 22, 24, 38, 45, 46, 76, 78, 92. Palm - 1974: 13, 20, 24, 30, 41, 44, 58, 80. 1975: 9, 44, 47, 48, 50, 53, 65, 71. 1976: 19, 24, 37, 45, 46, 48, 50, 80, 92. Parula, Northern - 1974: 3, 5, 6, 30, 31, 44. 1975: 58, 65. 1976: 4, 9, 17, 83, 85, 86, 92. line - 1974: 3, 13, 21, 24, 26, 29, 44, 76. 1975: 9, 46, 48, 58, 70, 71, 91. 1976: 19, 37, 48, 50, 80, 83, 85, 92. Prairie - 1974: 3, 6, 41, 44, 99, 104. 1975: 35, 58, 65. 1976: 6, 78, 83, 85, 92, 103. Prothonotary - 1974 : 3, 5, 6, 40, 41, 44, 104. 1975: 58, 65, 66, 70, 91. 1976: 4, 78, 83, 85, 92, 103. Gwainson's - 1974 : 44, 46, 104. 1975 : 24, 58, 64, 65, 67, 70, 88, 90, 91. 1976: 2, 4, 5, 17, 19, 24, 74, 75, 80, 83, 92, 99, 103. Tennessee - 1974: 21, 30, 31, 41, 44, 58. 1975: 2, 44, 50, 58, 65, 69, 90. 1976: 8, 9, 17, 22, 83, 92. Wilson 's - 1974: 30, 44, 76, 78, 80. 1975: 23, 50, 58, 70, 91. 1976: 22, 24, 31, 78, 80, 83, 92, 102. Worm-eating - 1974: 3, 6, 30, 44. 1975 : 58, 65, 87. 1976T~4. 5, 22, 83, 857^, 99. Yellow - 1974: 3, 5, 30, 44. 1975: 34, 50, 58. 1976: 4, 5, 9, 83, 85, 86, 92. Yellow-rumped - 1974: 13, 26, 29, 30, 41, 44, 58. 1975: 9, 19, 50, 58, 71. 1976: 9, 37, 80, 92, 100. Yellow-throated - 1974: 3, 5, 6, 7, 41, 44, 1975: 58, 65. 1976: 4, 92. Waterthrush, Louisiana - 1974 : 3, 6, 7, 21, 41, 44, 76. 1975: 25, 58, 65, 69, 70. 1976: 4, 78, 83, 85, 92. Northern - 1974: 30, 44, 58, 80, 104. 1975: 58, 65, 69. 1976: 9, 22, 92. Waxwing, Cedar - 1974: 3, 4, 5, 15, 14, 15, 43, 46, 78, 79, 103, 104. 1975: 9, 10, 11, 44, 46, 57. 1976: 6, 22, 37, 39, 46, 50, 83, 85, 91, 98, 99. whirabrel - 1976: 16, 18. Whip-poor-will - 1974: 2, 5, 5, 6, 7, 20, 43, 67, 76. 1975: 57, 65, 70, 88. 1976: 19, 78, 82, 85, 91. Wigeon, American - 1974: 11, 21, 45, 102. 1975: 7, 24, 56, 89. 1976: 20, 35, ^7, 77, 79. Willet - 1974: 45, 75, 76. 1975: 18, 21, 22, 56, 68. 1976: 77. Woodcock, American - 1974: 10, 12, 24, 26, 45, 77, 79, 105. 1975: 8, 12, 28, 46, 56, 64, 67, 68, 71, 90. 1976: 36, 40, 46, 48, 50, 62, 76, 77, 82, 90, 101. Woodpecker, Downy - 1974: 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 43, 99. 1975: 8, 14, ^0, 57. 1976: 4, 36, 43, 82, 85, 87, 91. Hairy - 1974: 2, 5, 12, 43. 1975: 8, 14, 30, 57. 1976: 4, 36, 82, 85, 87, 91. Lewis' - 1976: 30. Pileated - 1974: 2, 5, 6, 7, 12, 41, 43, 83. 1975: 8, 30, 57. 1976: 4, 36, 82, 85, 91. 3ed-bellied - 1974: 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 43, 53. 1975: 8, 19, 30, 57. 1976: 4, Y6, 82, 85, 87, 91. Hed-cockaded - 1976: 64, 87, 95. hed-headed - 1974: 2, 10, 12, 41, 43, 79, 103. 1975: 8, 22, 30, 46, 57, 68, 70, 88. 1976: 4, 24, 56, 80, 82, 91. Wren, Bewick's - 1974 : 2, 5, 8, 12, 43, 78. 1975: 8, 20, 33, 57, 68, 71, 88. 1976: 4, 5, 19, 22, 36, 45, 46, 48, 82, 85, 91, 99, 102. Carolina - 1974: 2, 5, 6, 7, 12, 40, 43, 67, 99. 122^: 8, 14, 33, 57. 1222- 3, 4, 36, 43, 82, 85, 91. House - 1974: 12, 30, 43, 78. 1975: 6, 8, 20, 44, 57, 65, 68, 90. 1976: 9, 19, 22, 36, 45, 46, 48, 78, 91, 100, 102. Long-billed Marsh - 1974: 21, 30, 78. 1975: 8, 20, 23, 24, 46, 9^, 65, 66, 68, 70, 88. 1976: 9, 19, 22, 36, 41, 48, 76, 78, 87, 91. Short-billed Marsh - 1974 : 21, 26, 43, 78. 1975: 20, 57, 68, 78, 88, 90. 1976: 9, 17, 19, 22, 24, 36, 38, 45, 46, 48, 76, 78, 91, 102. Winter - 1974: 12, 24, 41, 43. 1975: 8, 19, 23, 57. 1976: 9, 17, 56, 91, 103. Yellowlegs, Greater - 1974: 45, 78, 79. 1975; 20, 22, 44, 46, 56, 68, 70, 71, 88, 90. 1976: 21, 23, 45, 46, 48, 75, 90. Lesser - 1974: 24, 45, 78, 79, 101, 103. 1975: 17, 22, 56, 68, 70, 88, 90, 91. 1976: 21, 23, 46, 48, 75, 90, 100. Yellowthroat , Common - 1974 : 3, 6, 7, 21, 50, 44, 58. 1975: 6, 9, 35, 58, 65. 1976: 3, 4, 9, 39, 78, 83, 85, 92. [VoL. 47, 1976] I PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION I The purpose of THE MIGRANT is the recording of observations and original information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state of Tennessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders. Articles for publication originate almost exclusively from T.O.S. members. Contributors should prepare manuscripts and submit them in a form ac- ceptable to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes are solicited but their format should be somewhat different. Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for publication are given herewith. MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and not submitted for publication elsewhere. TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive. STYLE: Recent issues of THE MIGRANT should be used as a guide in the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is needed reference should be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals available from the American Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue N. W., Washington, D. C. 20016. COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on Sj x 11" paper with adequate margins, for editorial notations, and should contain only entries intended for setting in type, except the serial page number. Tabular data should be entered on separate sheets with appropriate title and column headings. Photographs intended for reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on glossy white paper in black and white (not in color). Instructions to the editors should be given on a separate sheet. Weights and measurements should be in metric units. Dating should be in ‘‘continental’* form (e.g., 7 March 1976). NOMENCLATURE: Common names should be capitalized followed by binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text for both regular articles and Round Table Notes, and should conform to the A.O.U. Check-list 5th edition, 1957 and its Thirty-second Supplement. Trinomial should be used only after the specimen has been measured or com- pared with typical specimens. BIBLIOGRAPHY: When there are more than five references in an article, they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be appropriately included in the text. SUMMARY: Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum- marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from the work performed. IDENTIFICATION: Rare or unusual species identification to be accept- able must be accompanied by verifying evidence. This should include: date, time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment, distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying observation and reference works consulted. REPRINTS: Reprints are available on request. Reprint requests should accompany article at the time of submission. Billing to authors will be through the state T.O.S. Treasurer. Books for review and articles for publication should be submitted to the editor. Seasonal reports and items should be forwarded to the appropriate departmental editor whose name and address will be found on the inside front cover. CONTENTS The 1973 Foray; Benton County. Fred J. Akop, 111 81 Changes in the Names of Some Tennessee Birds Due to Recent Taxonomic Decisions. Morris D. Williams 87 Book Reviews A.B.A. Checklist: Birds of Continental United States AND Canada. Gary O. Wallace 88 Owls of the World/Their Evolution, Structure and Ecology. Gary O. Wallace 88 The 1976 Spring Field Days. Morris D. Williams 89 Round Table Note Second Record of Northern Phalarope in Nashville Area. Paul and Dot Crawford 94 Minutes of the 1976 Symposium and Fall Meeting. Louise Jackson^ Secretary 95 The Season. Edited by Fred J. Alsop, III 98 Western Coastal Plain Region. Martha Waldron 98 Central Plateau and Basin Region. Morris D. Williams 99 Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. Daniel R, Jacobson 101 Eastern Mountain Region. Glen D. Eller 102 Species Index 1974 (Vol. 45), 1975 (Vol. 46) and 1976 (Vol. 47) .... 104 THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY SEPTEMBER, 1976 MEMBERSHIP LIST TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY SEPTEMBER, 1976 OFFICERS FOR 1976-77 PRESIDENT O. RAY JORDAN Dept, of Biology, Tenn. Tech. University Cookeville, TN 38501 VICE-PRESIDENT, EAST TENN BILL WILLIAMS 1313 Young Ave., Maryville, TN 37801 VICE-PRESIDENT, MIDDLE TENN PAUL CRAWFORD Route 4, Gallatin, TN 37066 VICE-PRESIDENT, WEST TENN JULIAN DARLINGTON 3112 Glenfinnan Rd., Memphis, TN 38128 DIRECTORS- AT-LARGE : EAST TENN JON DeVORE 4922 Sarasota Dr., Hixson, TN 37343 MIDDLE TENN DAVID HASSLER Box 1, Byrdstown, TN 38549 WEST TENN MRS. C. K. J. SUMARA 1011 Church St., Tiptonville, TN 38079 CURATOR JAMES T. TANNER Rt. 28, Box 15 5, Knoxville, TN 37920 SECRETARY MISS LOUISE JACKSON 5037 Montclair Dr., Nashville, TN 37211 TREASURER KENNETH H. DUBKE Rt. 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah, TN 37363 LIFE MEMBERS Alsop, Ur. Fred J., Ill, Route 6 Evergreen St., Church Hill, TN 1967 Buchannon, Mr. Denny N., 722 Sampson Ave . , Dyersburg, TN 38024 1969 Brecher, Mr. Leonard C., 1900 Spring Drive, Louisville, KY 40205 1938 Carney, Mr. Frederick T., 1029 S. 41st St., Birmingham, AL 35222 1934 Castles, Miss Ruth, Green Hills Apt., 7-2, Abbott Martin Rd. , Nashville, TN 37215 - 1952 Coffey, Mr. Ben B., 672 N. Belvedere, Memphis, TN 38107 1926 Coffey, Mrs. Ben B., 672 N. Belvedere, Memphis, TN 38107 1931 Dinkelspiel, Mr. Henry, 6519 Massey Lane, Memphis, TN 38138 1957 Dinkelspiel, Mrs. Henry, 6519 Massey Lane, Memphis, TN 38138 1957 Dubke, Mr. Kenneth H. , Route 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah, TN 37363 1957 Dubke, Mrs. Kenneth H. , Route 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah, TN 37363 1970 Finucane, Mr. T. W. , 1434 Watauga St., Kingsport, TN 37664 1945 Goodpasture, Mr. Henry, Old Town, Franklin, TN 37064 1966 Goodpasture, Mrs. Henry, Old Town, Franklin, TN 37064 1966 Gray, Dr. Dan R. , 1510 Hatcher Lane, Columbia, TN 38401 1962 Harper, Mrs. Marjory B., 305 Crestwood Drive, Tullahoma, TN 37388 1973 Herndon, Dr. Lee R. , Route 6, Elizabethton, TN 37643 1943 Hollister, Dr. Robert M. , 316 Battle Ave., Franklin, TN 37064 1966 Jackson, Dr. Jerome A., Dept, of Zoology, Miss. State University, P. 0. Drawer Z, Mississippi State, MS 39762 1972 Jordan, Prof. 0. Ray, Dept, of Biology, TTU, Cookeville, TN 38501 1966 Mayfield, Mrs. George R. , Sr., 2414 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37212 1916 Morrell, Miss Elise, 1631 Laurel Ave., Apt. 411, Knoxville, TN 37916 1939 Mudge, Mr. E. W. , Jr., 3414 Republic Bank Tower, Dallas, TX 75201 1967 Nolan, Mrs. Sara, 2017 Sweetbriar Ave., Nashville, TN 37212 1970 Pardue, Mr. Paul S. , Beechwood Dr., Rt. 23, Box 92A, Knoxville, TN 37920 1953 Pettingill, Dr. Olin Sewall, Jr., Wayne, ME 04284 1939 Prichard, Mr. Mack, Dept, of Conservation, 2611 West End Ave., Nashville, TN 37203- 1967 Robbins, Mr. Chandler S., 7900 Brooklyn Bridge Road, Laurel, MD 20810 1955 Schreiner, Mr. E. Dan, Jr., 5409 W. Sanna, Glendale, AZ 85302 1960 Tanner, Dr. James T., Route 28, Box 155, Knoxville, TN 37920 1940 Ward, Mr. Frank, 3341B Pine Wood Ave., Chattanooga, TN 37411 1952 Warden, Miss Margaret L., 1806 E. Belmont Circle, Nashville, TN 37212 1926 West, Mrs. Eugene M. , P. 0. Box 1662, Fairfield Glade, TN 38555 1948 Wetmore, Dr. Alexander, U.S. National Museum, Washington, DC 20560 1937 Whittemore, Dr. Wendel, 176 Cherry Rd., Memphis, TN 38117 1935 Williams, Mr. Morris D. , Suite 601, 1720 West End Bldg., Nashville, TN 37203 1969 Wood, Miss Mary, P. 0. Box B., Woodbury, TN 37190 1963 Woodring, Mr. George B., Route 1, Brentwood, TN 37027 1927 SUSTAINING MEMBERS Davant, Miss Mary, 861 N. McLean Blvd. , Memphis, TN 38307 1929 Elson, Mrs. John, 300 Hermitage Rd. , Knoxville, TN 37920 1958 Fisher, Mr. and Mrs. Frank L. , Box 1201, Morristown, TN 3 7814 1971 Grimm, Mr. and Mrs. Billy C., 5490 Benna Cove, Memphis, TN 38117 1967 Hayes, Mrs. J. Mitchell, Charlotte Highway, Rt. 4, Dickson, TN 37055 1963 Jackson, Miss Louise, 5037 Montclair Dr., Nashville, TN 37211 1964 Johnson, Mr. and Mrs. Milford A., 976 Fairmeadow Rd. , Memphis, TN 38117 1976 King, Mr. Edward M. , 595 Shotwell, Memphis, TN 38111 1950 Lamb, Mrs. John S., Lake Road, Dyersburg, TN 38024 1963 Manning, Mr. and Mrs. Don, 103 Stonewall Circle, McKenzie, TN 38201 1970 Martin, Miss Mary Lee, 2136 Acklen Ave., Nashville, TN 37212 1974 Mengel, Mr. and Mrs. J. T., 3626 Kingston Place, Knoxville, TN 37920 1955 Rollins, Mr. and Mrs. Charles, 3278 Fairbanks, Memphis, TN 38128 1975 Sharpless, Miss Dorothy E. , 201 Bogart Drive, Apt. 14, Sevierville, TN 37862 1957 Street, Mr. Thomas E., 411 N. Spring St., Greensboro, NC 27401 1954 Talbot, Mrs. Joe H. , III, 6117 Bresslyn Rd. , Nashville, TN 37205 1971 Taylor, Mr. Joseph Wm. , 20 Parish Rd. , Honeoye Falls, NY 14472 1959 Turner, Miss Helen, 2985 Walnut Grove Rd. , Apt. 3, Memphis, TN 38111 1968 Walker, Mrs. William M. , 320 S.W. 12th St., Gainesville, FL 32601 1935 Weesner, Mr. and Mrs. George, 4204 Sneed Ave., Nashville, TN 37215 1971 Weinstein, Mrs. Miriam K. , 1201 Windsor Tower Apt., Nashville, TN 37205 1974 Yeatman, Dr. Harry C., Univ. of the South, Sewanee, TN 37375 1934 Zaenglein, Mr. Ralph J., 1121 W. Broadway, Maryville, TN 37801 1955 ACTIVE MEMBERS Abbott, Mrs. Carlton L. , 1316 Windsor, Bristol, TN 37622 1954 Abernathy, Mr. and Mrs. B. H. , 6316 Bresslyn Road, Nashville, TN 37205 1934 Abernathy, Mrs. Lucian M. , 1106 Gale Lane, Nashville, TN 37204 1966 Acuff, Debra, 1216 Bryan Ave. , Manchester, TN 37355 1975 Adams , Mr . and Mrs . John, Route 9 , Box 149 , Elizabethton, TN 37643 1976 Adams , Dr . and Mrs . M. J . , 1500 Fairidge Drive , Kingsport, TN 37664 1951 Adams , Mr. Paul, P. 0. Box 64, Crab Orchard, TN 37723 1957 Agee, Mr. and Mrs. Alton, Route 9, Lebanon, TN 37087 1975 Allen, Mr . Donnell , 667 Maxwell St . , Cookeville , TN 38501 1975 Allen , Mr . Joe D . , Route 1 , Box 44 , Guthrie , KY 42234 1972 Allen, Mr. Ray M. , Jr., 1754 Galloway Ave., Memphis, TN 38112 1975 Anderson, Mr . and Mrs . Clyde D . , 1214 McGavock Pike , Nashville , TN 37216 1963 Anderson , Mr . and Mrs . Kenneth , Box 425 , Williamsport , TN 38487 1974 Anderson, Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd D. , 510 Brady Point Rd., Signal Mountain, TN 37377 1975 Andrews, Miss Fae P. 1974 Aplin, Mr. and Mrs. Howard N., Box 633, Collegedale, TN 37315 1976 Archibald, Miss May, Route 9, Cravens Terrace, Chattanooga, TN 37409 1976 Arnett , Mrs . Ann Canfield, A- 3 Forrest Hills Apt . , Nashville , TN 37212 1963 Asbury , Mr . J . H . , Jr . , 306 Massey Rd. , Lookout Mountain, TN 37350 1975 Bacon, Bonnie L. , Beechwood Circle Route 1, Manchester, TN 37355 1974 Baddour, Mrs. Frank, 204 Bartonwood Dr., Lebanon, TN 37087 1974 Bain, Mrs. R. L. , 306 Castle Heights Ave., Lebanon, TN 37087 1968 Baisden, Mr . and Mrs . Frank , Route 2 , Rising Fawn, GA 30738 1973 Baker , Mrs . Elsie Maye, 108 Greenlawn Drive , Lebanon , TN 37087 1974 Ballard, Miss Beth, 1509 Lament St. , Kingsport , TN 37 660 1976 Barclay, Mrs . Howard E. , 112 Gorgas Lane , Oak Ridge, TN 37830 1950 Barker, Mrs. George H. , 808 Templeton Drive, Nashville, TN 37205 1966 Barnwell, Mr. and Mrs. James R. , 3308 Navajo Dr., Chattanooga, TN 37411 1954 Barr , Mr . and Mrs . T . Stanley, Route 2 , Box 475 A- 1 , Estill Springs , TN 37330 1954 Basham, Dr. Benton, P. 0. Box 6, Dunlap, TN 37327 1960 Baskette , Miss Ruth Prentice, 804 Crescent Rd . , Nashville , TN 37205 1955 Bass , Mrs . Grover R. , 4285 Haverhill , Memphis , TN 38111 1973 Baumgardner , Miss Nita, 638 Alabama St . , Bristol , TN 37620 1973 Bayne, Mr. and Mrs. Gary L. , Route 2, Box 359-A, Poising Fawn, GA 30738 1974 Bean, Dr. and Mrs. William J., 3981 Cheryl Dr., Memphis, TN 38116 1976 Beard , Mrs . Helen, Route 6 , Box 156 , Lawrenceburg , TN 38464 1970 Beasley, Mrs. William M. , 1908 Alpine Road, Johnson City, TN 37601 1974 Behrend, Mr. and Mrs. Fred W. , 607 Range St., Elizabethton, TN 37643 1944 Bell, Mrs. William F. , 4307 Glen Eden Dr. , Nashville, TN 37205 1949 Benton, Mrs. John K. , 307 Walnut Dr . , Nashville, TN 37205 1959 Berens , Miss Violette , 122 Edgewood Dr . , Bristol , VA 24201 1975 Berg, Andrew and Velda, 406 Cumberland Ave., Tullahoma, TN 37388 1974 Berry, Mr. and Mrs. Vernon, P. 0. Box 546, Lebanon, TN 37087 1973 Bierly , Mr . Michael Lee , 2415 Crestmoor Rd . , Nashville , TN 37215 1963 Bigham, Mr . John T. , 4171 Kenosha Rd. , Memphis , TN 38118 1951 Bingham, Mr . and Mrs . Rockwell , Melody Lane , RFD 5 , Bristol , TN 37622 1960 Bingham, Mr . Fletcher , Melody Lane , RFD 5 , Bristol , TN 37622 1962 Bingham, Ron and Becky, Route 6 , Belmar Circle , Manchester, TN 37355 1974 Binns, Mrs. Douglas W. , 105 Leake Ave., Apt. 22, Nashville, TN 37205 _____ 1966 Blazier, Mr. Kent, 1900 Lamont St., Kingsport, TN 37660 1976 Block, Mr. J. Branson, P. 0. Box 675, Collegedale, TN 37315 1973 Bloodworth, Mrs. Frank, 208 West End Heights, Lebanon, TN 37087 1969 Bloomer , Mr . and Mrs . Ricky , Route 3 , Ross Camp Ground , Church Hill , TN 37642 197 6 Boggs , Miss Nanci Ann, 483 Brent lawn Dr . , Nashville , TN 37220 1970 Boggs , Mrs . Nell H. , 483 Brentlawn Dr . , Nashville , TN 37220 1968 Boles , Mrs . Watt , 115 McFarland Ave . , Chattanooga , TN 37405 1975 Boudreault, Serge, 5680 Des Marroniers , Montreal, Quebec, Canada 1975 Boswell, Mr. and Mrs. T. N., 2613 Crestwood Dr., Chattanooga, TN 37415 1974 Bouton, Mrs . George, 316 West Main St . , Lebanon, TN 37087 1952 Bouton , Mrs . William P. , 812 Wildwood Ave. , Lebanon, TN 37087 1972 Bowman , Mr . Thomas J . , Route 1 , Box 89-E , Surgoinsville , TN 37873 1971 Bowne, Mr . Edward , 1321 Woodmere Lane , Owensboro , KY 42301 1976 Boyd , Mrs . Effie and Mr . W. C . , 203 Oakdale St . , Manchester , TN 37355 1974 Boyers , Mrs . Thomas , 1070 Spencer St . , Gallatin, TN 37066 1952 Bradford, Mrs. Mark, Jr., Royal Oaks Apt., Apt. 71-E, Nashville, TN 37205 1957 Bradley, Mr. and Mrs. Rusty, Meadowview Apt. 55, Lawrenceburg, TN 38464 1976 Brand , Dr . and Mrs . John , 1516 Western Rd. , London , Ontario , Canada 1968 Brichetto, Miss Theressa, Apt. 112, 214 N. Purdue Ave., Oak Ridge, TN 37830 1959 Bridgforth, Mr. W. A., Jr., 7916 Jenkins Dr., Knoxville, TN 37921 1966 Brinkley, Mrs. Syble B., Route 1, Box 216A, Shady Valley, TN 37688 1976 Brooking, Mrs. Harry C., 924 St. John Ave., Dyersburg, TN 38024 1966 Broster, Mr. and Mrs. Roy, Jr., 807 Kendall Dr., Nashville, TN 37209 1972 Brown, Mr. and Mrs. David R. , 2116 University Circle, Memphis, TN 38112 1973 Brown, Mr . and Mrs . Howard , 1487 Goodbar , Memphis , TN 38104 1974 Brown, Miss Winnif red E. , 700 Longview Road, N.W., Apt . J . , Knoxville , TN 37919 1969 Browne, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Lee, 10 Goodway Lane, Memphis, TN 38117 197 6 Browning, Mr. and Mrs. J. C., 324 Carter Blvd., Elizabethton, TN 37643 1944 Burke, Miss Mariane, 1805 Highland Ave., Apt. 3, Knoxville, TN 37916 1976 Bryant, Mrs. W. A., Woodbury, TN 37190 1976 Bryan, Mr. and Mrs. William J., Jr., 415 Lynwood Blvd., Nashville, TN 37205 1967 Bryson , Mrs . Hoyte , Woodbury , TN 37190 1965 Bullard, Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Bullard, 6150 Ridge Way, Douglasville , GA 30134 I960 Burbank, Mr. James H. , TVA Forestry Bldg., Norris, TN 37828 1972 Burchett, Mrs. Glenn, Route 5, Lebanon, TN 37087 1969 Burger, Mr. and Mrs. Paul L. , 919 Mayfield St., Manchester, TN 37355 1974 Butler, Mr. and Mrs. Dean, 306 Oak Park Dr., Tullahoma, TN 37388 1974 Butts, Dr. Wilbur K. , 1317 Sharon Circle, Chattanooga, TN 37405 1954 Byassee, Mr. and Mrs. Ed, 209 Haven Circle, Columbia, TN 38401 1974 Bycott, Mr. and Mrs . J. F., 7861 Highway 100, Nashville, TN 37221 1976 Campbell, Mr. James M. , 15 Hedgewood Dr., Knoxville, TN 37918 1962 Campbell, Miss Thelma, 1012 Hillcrest Ave. , Columbia, TN 38401 1974 Cantrell, Mrs. James M. , 623 N. Tennessee Blvd. , Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1973 Cantwell, Judge and Mrs. J. L. , 1724 Red Bud Lane, Bristol, VA 24201 1960 Carney, Mr. Frederick T., 1029 S. 41st St., Birmingham, AL 35222 1934 Carpenter, Mr. and Mrs. Ed L. , 2966 Glengarry, Memphis, TN 38128 1960 Cartwright, Mrs. James B. , 4533 Park Ave., Memphis, TN 38117 1973 Casteel, Dr. William H. , 2225 Sesame St., #3, Memphis, TN 38134 1972 Chambers, Mrs. Louis, 133 Public Square, Lebanon, TN 37087 1967 Chitwood, Dr. Howard, Route 1, Laurel Hills, Jefferson City, TN 37760 1975 Christian, Mr. and Mrs. Wales, 9208 River Oakes Rd., Harrison, TN 37341 1976 Clark, Mrs. Benjamin P., Box 1730, Partlow State School & Hosp., Tuscaloosa, AL 35401 1962 Clark, Miss Beulah, Route #4, Cookeville, TN 38501 1958 Clark, Mr. and Mrs. Cecil J., 1910 Avalon Ave., Chattanooga, TN 37415 1973 Clark, Mr. and Mrs. E. Jack, 3445 S. Goodlett, Apt. 2, Memphis , TN 38118 1975 Clark , Dr . Marion E . , King College , Bristol , TN 37622 1971 Clark, Miss Nancy, TSD, Box 886, 2725 Island Home Blvd. , Knoxville, TN 37920 1976 Clark, Mrs . Portia Ward , 3403 Benham Ave . , Nashville , TN 37215 1962 Clayton, Mr . and Mrs . Lloyd, RFD #4, Box 175A, Lawrenceburg , TN 38464 1969 Cleaves, Mr. John R. , 427 N. Graham St. , Apt. 34, Memphis, TN 38122 1976 Cleveland , Mr . and Mrs . Raymond , Route 5, Box 65 , Lebanon, TN 37087 1974 Clinard, Dr . and Mrs . Turner N. , Box FFF , Emory , VA 24327 1958 Clyde, Mr. E. C. , Jr. , Effingham, SC 29541 1956 Coats , Mr . and Mrs . David, 232 1/2 Alvin St. , Kingsport, TN 37660 1976 Coats , Mr . and Mrs . Robert , Jessie St . , Mount Carmel , TN 37642 1976 Cocke , Mrs . R. E. , 149 Virginia Dr . , Bristol , VA 24201 1958 Cooley , C . Dwight , P . 0 . Box 25 , Hazel Green , AL 35750 1976 Coffey, Mr. and Mrs. J. Wallace, 521 Cedar Valley Rd. , Bristol, TN 37620 1959 Collins , Mrs . John R. , East Brow Rd. , Signal Mountain, TN 37377 1970 Collins , Mrs . W. Ovid Jr . , 432 Royal Oaks Dr. , Nashville , TN 37205 1952 Conder , Mr . and Mrs . John R. , P . 0. Box 443 , Camden , TN 38320 1959 Coney , Mr . and Mrs . Cliff , 2008 Canterbury Rd . , Kingsport , TN 37660 1976 Coop , Mr . Charles F. , 5102 East Shore Dr . , Memphis, TN 38109 1974 Corbett, Mr. Keith C. , Route 1, Box 228, Sewanee, TN 37375 1976 Couch, Mrs . Clay , Sr. , 108 South Tarver Ave . , Lebanon, TN 37087 1959 Counce , Mr . Howard A. , 1469 Whiting St. , Memphis , TN 38117 1937 Coward , Mr . and Mrs . Sam , 359 Fifth Ave . , Algood , TN 38540 1974 Crawford, Mrs . Elizabeth, 227 Parkes St. , Lawrenceburg , TN 38464 1972 Crawford, Mr . and Mrs . Jim, Sr. , 133 College St. , Lawrenceburg , TN 38464 1972 Crawford , Mr . and Mrs . Paul , Route 4 , Gallatin , TN 37066 1967 Crawford , Mr . Robert L. , 4736-B Norcross Rd. , Hixson, TN 37343 1975 Creech, Miss Anne 11a , 2835 Kenway Rd. , Nashville , TN 37215 1958 Cress , Mr . and Mrs . Harold, 3826 Maupin Dr . , Knoxville , TN 37918 1966 Croft , Mr . Joseph, 2366 Gladstone Ave . , Louisville , KY 40205 1956 Crowder , Mr . and Mrs . Emery , Route 5 , Box 114 , Lawrenceburg , TN 38464 1972 Crutchfield , Mrs . J . R. , 1507 Maymont Blvd . , Murfreesboro , TN 37130 1970 Cumberland Gap National Historical Park, P . 0 . Box 840 ,Middlesboro , KY 40965 1976 Gumming , Mr . Fairman, 520 Ponce de Leon PI . , Decatur , GA 30030 1970 Cummins , Dr . and Mrs . J . 0. , 324 Cherry, Cookeville , TN 38501 1961 Curtis , Mrs . Howard, Route 9, Johnson City, TN 3 7601 1971 Cypert , Mr . and Mrs . Eugene , 1006 Darling Ave . , Waycross GA 31501 1945 Darlington, Dr. Julian T. , 3112 Glenf innan Rd. , Memphis , TN 38128 1965 Darden, Mr . W. G . , Hohenwald, TN 38462 1966 Davis , Miss Elizabeth, 1408 Cinderella Rd. , Lookout Mountain, TN 37350 1973 Davis, Mr. John W. , P. 0. Box 24, Lawrenceburg, TN 38464 1972 Davis , Marcia , 629 Bloomingdale Pike , Apt . 4 , Kingsport , TN 37660 1976 DeBlois, Mr. William A. , 1109 Morrell Rd. , Knoxville, TN 37919 1976 DeBrohun , Mrs . Leon, 137 Third Ave. , N. , Franklin, TN 37064 1951 DeFoe , Mr . Donald H. , Route 2 , Box 176 , Gat 1 inburg , TN 37738 1964 Delantonas , Mr . and Mrs . Gerry, Lee Garden Condominium #144 , Bristol , VA 24201 1968 Delf iner , Mr . and Mrs . Albert , 4633 Tara Dr . , Nashville, TN 37215 1974 Dempster , Miss Jessie , Route #3 , Ginn Road , Knoxville , TN 37920 1955 Denney , Mrs . Dan, Jr. , 111 Oak Hill Circle , Lebanon , TN 37087 1969 Denton , Dr . Fred J . , 529 Henderson Dr . , Augusta , GA 30904 1950 Deupree , Mrs . William W. , 1730 Glenwood PI . , Memphis , TN 38104 1957 Deutsch , Dr . Richard, 20 N . Larchmont , Memphis , TN 38111 1960 Devore , Mr . Jon E . , 4822 Sarasota Dr . , Hixson , TN 37343 1966 Dickerson, Mrs. D. K. , 3862 Conahaney Dr., Chattanooga, TN 37406 1975 Dickerson , Mr . Kenton , 3862 Conahaney Dr . , Chattanooga , TN 37406 1975 Dickey, Mrs. Ernest, 801 Prospect Ave., Bristol, VA 24201 1950 Dillard, Mrs . Robert , 801 Wildwood Ave. , Lebanon, TN 37087 1975 Dillenbeck, Mr . and Mrs . Harold L. , 1410 Strawberry Lane , Johnson City , TN 37601 -- 1964 Dillenbeck, Miss Joy, 1881 Pittstown Rd. , Bristol, VA 24201 1974 Doak, Miss Ruby , 604 Holston Dr. , Gatlinburg , TN 37738 1957 Dobbs , Mrs . Ruby , 6003 Deal Ave . , Nashville, TN 37209 1968 Dorman, Mr. Thomas, 216 Leonard Ave., Nashville, TN 37205 1976 Douglas , Mrs . Byrd , D-2 Village Green Apts . , Abbott Martin Rd. , Nashville , TN 37215 1959 Dove, Mrs. George, 1801 Seminole Dr., Johnson City, TN 37601 1966 Dozier , Mr . and Mrs . J . I., 922 Lynnwood Blvd. , Nashville , TN 37205 1969 Dowdy, Mrs. Frances, 3630 Sharpe Ave., Memphis, TN 38111 1964 Doyle, Dr. and Mrs. Patrick J., 2031 Ransome Dr., Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1973 Draughon, Miss Dorothy, 520 Fairfax Ave., Nashville, TN 37212 1968 Drinkard, Mrs. Bertha, 728 Prospect Ave., Bristol, VA 24201 1976 Duchein, Miss Annette, P. 0. Box 13, Lake Lure, NC 28746 1961 Dugger, Mrs. Milbrey, 2835 Kenway Rd. , Nashville, TN 37215 1958 Duncan, Mrs. Minnie, 512 Michigan Ave., Oak Ridge, TN 37830 1966 Earhardt, Mrs. Florence, 950 Deerfield Dr., Cookeville, TN 38501 1971 Earle, Mr. and Mrs. Hugh P., 210 Waddell, Madisonville , KY 42431 1976 Earnest, Mr. and Mrs. Charles E., 101 Old Indian Hill Trail, Greeneville, TN 37743 1973 Eastes, Mrs. Alyne, P. 0. Box 393, Lebanon, TN 37087 1968 Eastin, Mr. and Mrs. Todd V. Eastin, Route 1, Shady Valley, TN 37688 1976 Edwards, Mr. and Mrs. May J., 5425 Lynnette Dr., Knoxville, TN 37918 1968 Edwards, Mrs. Preston, 1910 Hamilton Dr., Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1975 Eggleston, Mrs. William J., 1437 Central Ave., Apt. 103, Memphis, TN 38104 1975 Egley, Mr. and Mrs. Bill, Route 3, Lawrenceburg , TN 38464 1972 Eiklor, Mr. and Mrs. John, Route 10, Box 163, Jonesboro, TN 37659 1976 Elam, Mr. and Mrs. Nelson, Route 4, Franklin, TN 37064 1967 Eller, Mr. Glen, Route 3, Elizabethton, TN 37643 1970 Ellingboe, Mr. and Mrs. Roy, 1216 Poplar Dr., Lawrenceburg, TN 38464 1972 Elliott, Mr. and Mrs. Roy C., Jr., 567 Ringling Rd., Crystal Lake, IL 60014 1967 Ellis, Mrs. Paul, Jr., 2724 Wortham Dr . , Nashville, TN 37215 1970 Ellis, Mr. and Mrs. John 0., 4004 Overbrook Dr,, Nashville, TN 37204 1960 Elmore, Mr. Jackie B., 5106 Outer Loop, Louisville, KY 40219 1976 Embury , Mr . and Mrs . John H. , 212 North McLean Blvd . , Memphis , TN 38112 1962 Enloe, Miss Mary E., RFD #1, Box 193, Franklin, NC 28734 1953 Epperson, Mrs. H. C., 519 Maryland Ave., Bristol, TN 37622 1952 Erwin, Mr . and Mrs . Billy H. , Jr., Route 7 , Murfreesboro , TN 37130 1973 Evans, Mrs. John W. , Rt. 1, Harbor Hill, Hermitage Harbor, Old Hickory, TN 37138 - 1976 Farrell, Dr. and Mrs. Charles E., 109 S. Bellevue Dr., Nashville, TN 37205 1954 Farris , Mrs . Carter M. , Rome Pike , Route 2 , Lebanon, TN 37087 1964 Farris, Miss Rachael, 4911 Sewanee Rd. , Nashville, TN 37220 1964 Farthing, Mr. Harrison H. , 100 Sherwood Heights, Elizabethton, TN 37643 1974 Feldman, Mr. Jesse, 461 S. Highland St. , Apt. 19, Memphis , TN 38111 1976 Felts, Dr. and Mrs. Stephen K. , Route 1, Bakers Grove Rd. , Hermitage, TN 37076 1976 Fenn, Mrs. W. L. , 959 Gateway Ave., Apt. 1331, Chattanooga, TN 37402 1958 Fentress, Mrs. William E. , Route #2, Brentwood, TN 37027 1952 Ferguson, Mr . and Mrs . James A. , 3090 Joslyn St . , Memphis , TN 38128 1975 Finch, Dr. and Mrs. W. C., 6024 Sherwood Dr., Nashville, TN 37215 1967 Finney, Mr. and Mrs. James I., Jr., Hidden Lake Est., Rt . 7, Columbia, TN 38401 -- 1974 Fintel , Mr . and Mrs . William A., 25 Jones Circle , Old Hickory , TN 37138 1972 Finucane, Mr. Joe, 199 Chickamauga, Knoxville, TN 37917 1965 Fischer, Mr. and Mrs. William, 1243 Robinhood Rd., Greeneville, TN 37743 1967 Fleischer, Mr. Raymond J., 708 Newberry Rd. , Nashville, TN 37205 1976 Fleming, Mrs. Gertrude L. , P. 0. Box 613, Collegedale, TN 37315 1972 Flippen, Mrs. Roe T., R.R.l, Box 166, Lebanon, TN 37087 1974 Floyd, Mr. Robert J., 11524 Nassau Dr., Concord, TN 37920 1976 Forbes , Mrs . Walter T . , Sunset Road , East , Lookout Mountain , TN 37350 1954 Fort, Mr. and Mrs. Combs, 1040 Parkwood Terrace, Nashville, TN 37220 1970 Fort, Dr. Garth E., 1900 Old Hickory Blvd., Brentwood, TN 37027 1960 Foshee, Mr . and Mrs . Gary, 938 Snapp Ferry Rd . , Greeneville, TN 37743 1976 Foster, Mr. and Mrs. J. P., 5817 Fredericksburg Dr., Nashville, TN 37215 1966 Foster, Katherine H. , Route 28, Smallman Rd., Knoxville, TN 37920 1976 Frank, Miss Harriette, 3767 Highland Park PI., Memphis, TN 38111 1974 Freeman, Mr . and Mrs . George , Route 2 , Baker Rd . , Murfreesboro , TN 37130 1975 Freeman, Dr. and Mrs. John R. , 3116 North Lockwood Dr., Chattanooga, TN 37415 1974 French, Mr. and Mrs. J. B., 3108 Ocoee Trail, N.E., Knoxville, TN 37917 1954 Frings , Dr . Hubert and Mable , 514 College Ave., Norman , OK 73069 1970 Froste, Christine L. , 2700 Boright, Knoxville, TN 37917 1976 Fuqua, Dr. and Mrs. W. G. , Route #7, Columbia, TN 38401 1962 Gant, Mrs. Norwood J., Sr., 884 Robertson Academy Rd . , Nashville, TN 37220 1965 Gant, Mr. Norward J., Jr., 955 Draughon Ave., Nashville, TN 37204 1965 Garcelon, Mr. and Mrs. Merrell, 1966 Garrett , Mrs . Robert , 1625 Highland Ave. , Columbia , TN 38401 1974 Garrison, Miss Mildred L. , 229 Taliwa Dr., Knoxville, TN 37920 1974 Gaston, Mrs. Emmet L., Jr., 109 Oak Hill Circle, Lebanon, TN 37087 1957 Gaut, Mr. and Mrs. King, Route #8, Greeneville, TN 37743 1962 Gelwick, Mr. and Mrs. Philip A., 1236 Madison, Apt. 21, Memphis, TN 38104 1974 Geren, Miss Genevieve, 220 N. McLean, #1, Memphis, TN 38112 1950 Gevers, Mr. Carl M. , 5511 Dayton Blvd., Chattanooga, TN 37415 1963 Gibson , Mr . and Mrs . Carl L. , 280 N . Crest Rd. , Chattanooga , TN 37404 1973 Gibson, Mr. Dennis, Route 7, Howell Dr., Franklin, TN 37064 1975 Gift, Mr. W. Edgar, P. 0. Box 85, Cedar Mountain, NC 28718 1952 Gilreath , Mrs . Sam B . , 110 Greenlawn Dr . , Lebanon, TN 37087 1967 Ginn, Mrs. H. Earl, 5845 Merrimac Ct . , Nashville, TN 37215 1971 Gladish, Miss Martha E., P. 0. Box 400, Lawrenceburg, TN 38464 1972 Gooch, Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. , 2900 Garden Lane, Memphis, TN 38111 1973 Goodin, Mrs. John, 1300 Virginia, Johnson City, TN 37601 1973 Goodpasture, Dr. Katherine, 3407 Hopkins Lane, Nashville, TN 37215 1941 Gose, Mrs. Raymond, 122 Edgewood Dr., Bristol, VA 24201 1975 Grady , Mrs . Colette S . , 304 East Brow Rd. , Lookout Mountain , TN 37350 1971 Gray, Mr. Willard N. , 417 South 7th St., Boonville, IN 47601 1971 Greene, Miss Mary Elizabeth, 324 Park St., Bristol, VA 24201 1973 Greever, Dr. C. E. , 1615 Lascassas Rd . , Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1970 Griffith, Mr. and Mrs. E. R. , 807 Linden Hall, Chattanooga, TN 37415 1972 Griffith, Mr. and Mrs. J. E., 4320 Skyline Dr., Knoxville, TN 37914 1971 Grigsby, Mr. Maurice E., 6425 Bob Varner Rd., Knoxville, TN 37918 1966 Grimes, Mr. Samuel A., Sr., 4627 Peachtree Circle E., Jacksonville, FL 32205 1962 Groce, Mr. and Mrs. A. Ben, 500 Lynnwood Blvd. , Nashville, TN 37205 1961 Grubb , Mr. David, Route 22, Harrell Rd. , Powell, TN 37921 1976 Grundset, Mr. E. 0. , Box 465, Collegedale, TN 37315 1960 Guinn, Mr . and Mrs . Joe B. , 8182 Cherrytown Lane , Germantown, TN 38138 1975 Gumbrill , Mr . J . R. , 43 Cromley Rd. , High Lane , Stockport Cheshire , England 1972 Hagan, Miss Virginia, 2418 Kirtland Place , Apt . B-6 , Nashville , TN 37212 1961 Halcomb, C. Monty, Cumberland Mus eum , 800 Ridley Ave . , Nashville , TN 37203 1973 Hale, Mr. Kenneth, Route 1, Bluff City, TN 37618 1972 Hale , Mr . and Mrs . Steven, Route 3 , Limestone, TN 37681 , 1976 Hall , Dr . George A. , Dept . of Chemistry , West Virginia Univ. , Morgantown , W.VA 26506 1962 Hamilton, Mrs . Anne P . , 704 Greenwood Dr . , Dalton, GA 30720 1972 Hamm, Miss Cathy, Box 114, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 1976 Hammer, Dr . and Mrs . Donald A. , 1270 Orchard Rd. , Norris , TN 37828 1973 Hammond , Miss Rosalie H. , 1705 Green Hills Dr . , Nashville , TN 37215 1976 Hampton, Dr . and Mrs . John C . , 200 Kealing Bluff Rd. , Chattanooga, TN 37409 1975 Hancock, Mr . James W. , Route 1 , Box 49 , Princeton Rd . , Madisonville , KY 42431 1946 Hanebrink, Dr . Earl L. , Box 67 , Arkansas State Univ. , State College AR 72467 1968 Haney , Mr . Chris , Route 3 , Box 380A, Ooltewah , TN 37363 1973 Hannabas , Mr . and Mrs . H. Hayden , 1733 Orchard Court , Kingsport , TN 37660 1976 Hanson, Mr. Newton, Box 565 , Bruce , MS 38915 1955 Hardin, Mr . and Mrs . Patrick, 3521 Talahi Dr . , Knoxville , TN 37919 1976 Hardison, Miss Louise, 1801 Highland Ave . , Columbia, TN 38401 1974 Hardman , Mrs . Joel S . , 1129 Glendale Lane , Nashville , TN 37204 1966 Harmon , Mr . Clarence, S . , Jr. , 123 Mahr Ave. , Lawrenceburg , TN 38464 1972 Harrell, Mary, 1710 E. Main St. , Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1976 Harris , Jeffrey H. and Susanna B. , 835 W. Vanderbilt Dr . , Oak Ridge , TN 37830 1976 Harris , Dr . and Mrs . Robert W. , III , 3811 Taliluna Ave . , Knoxville , TN 37919 1972 Harris, Mr. Van, 3986 Grahamdale Circle, Memphis, TN 38122 1974 Hassler , Mr . and Mrs . John D. , Box 1 , Byrds town, TN 38549 1967 Haynes , Mr . and Mrs . W. D. , 1014 N . Maple St . , Murfreesboro , TN 37130 1970 Heiser, Dr. Don R. , 3912 Woodhill PI . , Knoxville, TN 37919 1976 Hendren, Mrs . Adrian C . , Box 87 , Belmont , NC 28012 1959 Herbert, Mr. and Mrs. John S. , Rabbitt Hill, Rt. 5, Ashland City, TN 37015 1960 Herndon, Mrs . Lee R. , R . #6 , Box 392 , Elizabethton, TN 37643 1943 Hervey , Mr . and Mrs . George, 2005 Mallard Lane, Raleigh, NC 27609 1969 Hettish, Mr . and Mrs . J . Roljert, 1018 Lawndale Dr . , Murfreesboro , TN 37130 1967 Hetzler, Mr . and Mrs . Fred, Wilson Rd. , Signal Mountain, TN 37377 1975 Hibbett, Mrs . Margaret, 511 Kingwood Dr . , Murfreesboro , TN 37130 1973 Hicks , Miss Dorothy , A-3 Warner Park Apts . , Nashville , TN 37205 1969 Hilton, Miss Esther A. , 322 Park St. , Bristol, VA 24201 1950 Hilton, Mr . Fred, 709 Morrison Ave. , Kingsport , TN 37660 1976 Hinds, Mr. Roy T. , Route 1, Rickman, TN 38580 1958 Hines , Lynn, Route 3 , Joe Lewis , c/o E . Moss , Knoxville , TN 37920 1976 Holt, Mr. James G. , 3373 Steve Rd. #13, Memphis , TN 38111 1972 Holzhauser , Mr . Ernst , Route 12, Cookeville, TN 38501 1974 Hooper, Mr . and Mrs . John, 614 Riverside Ave. , Kingsport , TN 37660 1976 Horn, Mr. Dennis D. , 222 Crestwood Dr . , Tullahoma , TN 37388 1974 Hosier , Mr. and Mrs . Robert , 712 W. Spring St . , Lebanon , TN 37087 1976 Hotchkiss , Mr . and Mrs . 01 in W. , 514 Spring Lane , Columbia , TN 38401 1975 Houk, Mrs . Ann M. , 2815 22nd Ave. , S. , Nashville, TN 37215 1976 Howard, Dr . and Mrs . M. S . , 224 S . Tarver Ave . , Lebanon , TN 37087 1968 Howell , Dr . Joseph C . , Dept . of Zoology , Univ. of Tenn. , Knoxville, TN 37916 1947 Howington, Mrs . Charlotte , 341 Glen Ave. , Kingsport , TN 37665 1976 Hudson, Mr. and Mrs . Jack, 310 Latta Woods , Dyersburg , TN 38024 1966 Hughes , Mr . and Mrs . 0 . M. , Route 3 , Red Boiling Springs , TN 37150 1966 Hunter , Mr . and Mrs . R. E . , 2002 Greenland Dr . , Murfreesboro , TN 37130 1970 Hurley, Mr . Len, 484 Cherokee Blvd. , Knoxvi lie, TN 3 7919 1969 Ihrie , Mr . and Mrs . David H. , 112 Groh St . , Lawrenceburg , TN 38464 1973 Imhof , Mr . Thomas A. , 1036 Pike Road, Birmingham, AL 35218 1949 Ivie, Mr. and Mrs. Joe P. , Jr. , 5425 Bradfield Dr. , Nashville, TN 37220 1976 Jackson, Mr . and Mrs . Ernest, 716 West Wood Dr . , Lebanon, TN 37087 1975 Jackson, Mr . Greg , 3429 Wisteria Dr . , Birmingham, AL 35216 1970 Jackson, Mr . Joseph W. , Route 5 , Box 274 , Blountville , TN 37 617 1971 Jackson, Mr . and Mrs . William H. , Route 5, Box 299 , Nashville , TN 37221 1971 Jacobs , Mr . Steven E . , 1402 Clinch Ave. , S.W., Knoxville , TN 37916 1974 Jacobson, Mr . Daniel R. , Box 6 , Wildwood, GA 30757 1970 Jacobson , Mr . Lemuel , Box 6 , Wildwood , GA 30757 1973 James , Mrs . C . E . , 2150 Washington, Apt . 12 , Memphis , TN 38104 1958 Jaquess , Mr . and Mrs . Frazier , 118 N . Cedar ■ Ave. , Cookeville , TN 38501 1974 Jenkins , Mr . Albert M. , Box 292 , Balboa , Canal Zone 1976 Jessup, Mrs . Lee C . , 4505 Harding Rd. , #106 , Nashville , TN 37205 1959 J ohns on , Mrs . Amy , 318 E . Sixth St . , Cookeville , TN 38501 1958 Johnson, Mr . John L. , 1424 Mellon St . , Pittsburgh , PA 15206 1973 Johnson , Dr . Lee R. , 158 Windover Rd. , #4 , Memphis , TN 38111 1970 Johnson , Mrs . Randy , 1002 Hillcrest Dr . , Murfreesboro , TN 37130 1973 Jones , Mrs . Almeda, Apt . 11 , 190 N. Crest Rd . , Chattanooga , TN 37404 1972 Jones , Mr . and Mrs . Arthur H . , 207 Rainbow Dr . , Lookout Mountain , TN 37350 1970 Jones , Mrs . C . M. , Route 1 , Murfreesboro , TN 37130 1975 Jones , Mrs . Carl A., 806 Hillrise Blvd. , Johnson City , TN 37601 1966 Jones, Mr. and Mrs. Gary, Route 1, Box 51A, Readyville, TN 37149 1974 Jones, Mrs. Herman 0., 1803 Jordan Ave., Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1975 Jones, Mr. and Mrs. John Paul, 3421 Hopkins Lane, Nashville, TN 37212 1952 Jones, Col. and Mrs. Joseph W. , Jr., Route 1, Pate Rd., Newbern, TN 38059 1975 Jones, Mrs. Jennings, 204 Apollo Dr., Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1971 Jones, Mr. Russell A., 4035 Grandview Ave., Memphis, TN 38111 1975 Jones, Mr. William, P. 0. Box 142A, Tenn. Tech. University, Cookeville, TN 38501 - 1966 Judson, Mrs. Keith, Route 2, Maple Dale Lane, Brentwood, TN 37027 1975 Justice, Mr. and Mrs. John W. , Route 9, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1973 Kappa, Mr. Bill, 1425 Dolyns Dr., Kingsport, TN 37664 1976 Keeton, Mr. Luther F., 80 Eastland Dr., Memphis, TN 38111 1940 Kef f er , Mr . Ralph E. , 2307 Lakeview Dr . , Johnson City , TN 37601 1970 Keister , Dr . and Mrs . Jamieson, 708 East Brow Rd. , Lookout Mountain, TN 37350 1971 Killef f er , Miss Elizabeth, 2116 Holly Lane , Cookeville , TN 38501 1961 King , Mr . and Mrs . P . Glenn , 604 Iris Dr . , Tullahoma , TN 37388 1967 Kirby, Mr. David R. , 30 N. Idlewild,Apt. 203, Memphis , TN 38104 1976 Knauth, Mrs. Herman G., 4321 Brush Hill Rd., Nashville, TN 37216 1955 Knott , Mr . and Mrs . J . W. , 38 Mimosa Dr . , Chattanooga , TN 37415 1975 Koella, Mr. and Mrs . Jon A. , Route 2 , White Pine , TN 37890 1967 Kolb , Mr . and Mrs . John L. , 419 Fairfield Circle , Memphis , TN 38117 1975 Kramer , Dr . and Mrs . Lee F . , 321 Sheperd Hills Dr . , Madison , TN 37115 1966 Kuykendall , Mr. and Mrs. Sam J . , 4525 Way land Dr . , Nashville , TN 37215 1976 Lacy, Miss Beth, 3129 McClure Lane, S.E., Knoxville, TN 37920 1955 Larrabee , Dr . Allan R. , 2110 Shennandoah Dr . , Memphis , TN 381134 1973 Lassiter , Ms . Mildred , 1216 Eastwood Dr . , Cookeville , TN 38501 1976 Laughlin , Mr . Tom, Route 1 , Arcadia, Kingsport, TN 37660 1976 Lawrence , Mrs . J . W. , 105 West End Heights , Lebanon , TN 37087 1968 Ledbetter, Mr. Jerald, 1016 Highland, Jackson, TN 38301 1973 Lee, Mr. and Mrs. Bill Y., 5222-C Hickory Wood Lane, Hixson, TN 37343 1976 Leggett, Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth, 2402 Magnolia St., Caruthersville , MO 63830 1967 Lewis, Mr. and Mrs. Hodge D. , 408 Booth Rd. , Chattanooga, TN 37411 1973 Lewis, Mr. John L. , Jr., 41 Sherwood Lane, Jackson, TN 38301 1976 Lewis, Mr. and Mrs. Marshall, 155 Cherry Rd. , Memphis, TN 38117 1974 Lewis, Mr. Richard, Route 3, Box 683-B, Erwin, TN 37650 1974 Link, Mr. and Mrs. T. B., Route 10, Quinland Rd. , Cookeville, TN 38501 1971 Linkous , Miss Donna , 307 Hammond Ave . , Mount Carmel , TN 37642 1976 Lockridge, Mr. and Mrs. Bedford, 914 Woldridge Dr., Columbia, TN 38401 1974 Loeb, Mrs. Mimi, 2805 Central Ave., Memphis, TN 38116 1976 Lohrey, Mr. and Mrs. Sherwood, 595 West Clover Dr., Memphis , TN 38117 1972 Loomis , Mrs. C. C., P. 0. Box 283, Bristol, VA 24201 ____ 1950 Lorance , Mr . and Mrs . J. C. , 13 McKendree Circle, Hermitage, TN 37076 1974 Lothers , Dr . and Mrs . John E . , Jr . , 201 Hardy Rd . , Lookout Mountain, TN 37350 1973 Lyon, Mrs. C. A., 4002 Wallace Lane, Nashville, TN 37215 1975 Luckado, Mr. and Mrs. T. R. , 937 McKellar Dr. , Tullahoma, TN 37388 1970 Lura, Dr. and Mrs. Richard, 1903 Eastwood Dr., Johnson City, TN 37601 1973 Lyles, Mr. and Mrs. Henry, Route 6, Columbia, TN 38401 1974 Lynn, Mrs. R. E., Route #3, Cato Rd., Nashville, TN 37218 1951 MacMillan, Mrs. Portia R. , 4511 Harpeth Hill Dr., Nashville, TN 37215 1965 Mahoney, Mr. Anthony ( "Tony" ) , Route 13, Box 245, Clarksville , TN 37040 1976 Manley, Mrs. Frances W. , 10317 Long Rd. , Arlington, TN 38002 1961 Mann, Mrs. Margaret Louise, 2189 Riverview Dr., Nashville , TN 37214 1966 Marcrom, Mrs. H. D. , 433 W. Fort St., Manchester, TN 37355 1974 Marsh, Mrs. Frank A., Route 1, Box 148, Deer Lodge, TN 37726 1972 Martin, The Rev. and Mrs . John L. , Rt . 9 , Box 147 , Ridgefield Rd. , Elizabethton, TN 1971 Martin, Mrs . Pat , 1939 Russell Ct. , Murfreesboro , TN 37130 1974 Mason, Dr . Edna C. , 401 Poplar St., Bristol , TN 37622 1975 Masuoka, Mr . and Mrs . J . , 2609 Natchez Trace, Nashville, TN 37212 1971 Mayfield, Dr. and Mrs. George R. , Jr., Maury Co. Hospital, Columbia, TN 38401 1961 Me Carney, Dr . and Mrs . Franklin, Jr . , 1037 Seville Dr . , Cl arks ton, GA 30021 1931 McCaul, Mr. and Mrs. Doyle, 293 High Point Terrace, Memphis, TN 38111 1972 McConnell, Mr. and Mrs. Chester, Route 6, Lawrenceburg , TN 38464 1972 McCracken, Mr. and Mrs. Ernest W. , 1371 Randall Dr., Memphis, TN 38116 1972 McCrary, Mrs. W. L. , Box 57, Woodbury, TN 37190 1965 McFarland, Dr. and Mrs. Sam B., 242 East Spring St., Lebanon, TN 37087 1966 McFarlin, Mr. and Mrs. L. L., 1011 Ewing St., Murfreesboro , TN 37130 1970 McGee, Mr. G. Sanford, P. 0. Box 475, Manchester, TN 37355 1970 McGee , Dr . and Mrs . Sidney , Tenn . Tech. Univ. , Cookeville , TN 38501 1958 McGowan, Mr. and Mrs. George, 108 Darwin Lane, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 1958 McGowan, Mr. and Mrs. W. F. , 6318 East Valley Rd. , Nashville, TN 37205 1975 McGowan , Mr . and Mrs . Robert , Route 3 , Box 86 , Collierville , TN 38017 1965 McKee , Mr . and Mrs . W . Reed, Cherokee Dr . , Lebanon, TN 37087 1972 McKnight , Mr . Steve , 2602 Loyd St . , Murfreesboro , TN 37130 1973 McLeod, Miss Helena, D-2 Belle Meade Terrace Apts., Nashville, TN 37205 1967 McMillan, Mrs. Ruth V., Route 2, Lascassas, TN 37085 1970 McKinney, Dr. M. B. , Burchfiel Medical Bldg., Sevierville, TN 37862 1976 McNeil, Mrs. Guy, P. 0._Box 253, Bristol, VA 24201 1959 McNutt, Mr. and Mrs. Wm. P., Jr., 2935 Valley View Rd., Knoxville, TN 37917-- 1974 McPherson, Mr. Charles E., Austin Peay Hwy. #14, Rt. 1, Box 240-M-l, Hill Top Sub. Brighton, TN 38011 1951 McWhorter, Mrs. J. H. , Route 2, Box 183, Ravenden, AR 72459 1947 McWhorter, Mrs. J. R. , 1713 Pawnee Dr. , Knoxville, TN 37919 1974 Meadors, Mr. and Mrs. Howard, 109 Cleveland Rd . , Rossville, GA 30741 1958 Merritt, Mrs. Dixon, 10600 Alleghany Rd . , Darien Center, NY 14040 1950 Meyer, Miss Katherine, 6827 Pennywell Dr., Nashville, TN 37205 1971 Milburn, Mr. and Mrs. Robert J., Jr., Sharon Hill Circle, Nashville, TN 37215 1975 Miller, Mr. and Mrs. George R. , R.R.2, Box 198-E-lO, Fairview, TN 37062 1969 Miller, Mr. and Mrs. Herbert, 801 Piedmont St., Bristol, VA 24201 1958 Miller, Mr. Kenneth, Box 193, Taft Hwy., Signal Mountain, TN 37377 1976 Miller, Mr. and Mrs. Max, Sullins College, Bristol, VA 24201 1966 Mitchell, Mr. Harold D., 238 West Royal Parkway, Williamsville , NY 14221 1946 Mitchell, Mrs. Lottie H. , 514 Brentlawn Dr., Nashville, TN 37220 1959 Monk, Mr. Harry C., 2013 Capers Ave., Apt. 5, Nashville, TN 37212 1919 Monroe, Dr. Burt L., Jr., Dept. Biology, Univ. of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208 - 1969 Monroe, Mr. and Mrs. Robert A., 801 Vanosdale Rd., Knoxville, TN 37919 1938 Moore, Mr. Brian, Riber Drive, Route 4, Mt . Juliet, TN 37122 1974 Moore, Mrs. C. E., 439 Patterson St., Memphis, TN 38111 1931 Moore, Mr. and Mrs. Charles L. , 87 S. Marne St., Memphis, TN 38111 1973 Moore, Mrs. J. T. , Rt . 10, Quinland Rd., Cookeville, TN 38501 1958 Moore, Miss Julia I., 106 Darwin Lane, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 1949 Moore, Mrs. Myriam P., 101 Columbia Ave., Lynchburg, VA 24503 1964 Moore, Miss Nelle, 275 Palisade Ave., Memphis, TN 38111 1945 Morgan, Mr. and Mrs. John T., Sr., 625 Rebel Rd., Old Hickory, TN 37138 1964 Morgan, Phyllis, P. 0. Box 576, Beersheba Springs, TN 37305 1974 Moss, Mr. Tom, Route 3, Joe Lewis Rd., Knoxville, TN 37920 1976 Mountfort, Miss Penelope, 4313 Glen Eden Dr., Nashville, TN 37205 1947 Mueller, Mrs. C. E., 1741 Prado, Memphis, TN 38116 1974 Muffly, Mr. and Mrs. Gary, Windemere Lane, Powell, TN 37849 1972 Murphy, Mrs. Charles B. , Route 2, Brentwood, TN 37027 1964 Neas, Mr. and Mrs. John Paul, Route 4, Greeneville, TN 37743 1976 Neidert, Mr. and Mrs. Edward J., Box 133, Loretto, TN 38469 1973 Nelson, Mr. and Mrs. H. C., 4107 Anderson Pike, Signal Mountain, TN 37377 1966 Newnam, Mr. J. Calvin, c/o Pink Palace Museum, 232 Tilton Rd. , Memphis, TN 38111 - 1976 Nevius , Mr. and Mrs. Richard, Route 6, Box 348, Greeneville, TN 37743 1945 1937 Nichols, Mrs. Robert C., 4621 Franklin Rd. , Nashville, TN 37220 1967 Nicholson, Mr. Chuck, Univ. of Maine, School of Forest Resources, Orono , ME 04433- 1971 Nixon, Mrs. Ed P. , 4 Boyd Mill Rd., Franklin, TN 37064 1971 Nixon, Mr. and Mrs. James D. , 3 Canterbury Rd., Clarksville, TN 37040 1974 Noel, Miss Mary, 3641 Taliluna Ave., Apt. C-4, Knoxville, TN 37919 1976 Norman, Mr. James L. , 502 N. 14th, Muskogee, OK 74401 1953 Norman, Miss Mabel, 1000 East Third St., Chattanooga, TN 37403 1954 Norwood, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph R. , 1329 Goodwin Ave., Charlotte, NC 28205 1955 Noyes, Miss Helen, 115 Woodmont Blvd. , Apt. 704, Nashville, TN 37205 1962 Nunley, Mr. and Mrs. H. W. , Route 3, Bluff City, TN 37618 1950 Nunnally, Miss Louise, 1436 Agawela Ave., Apt. I, Knoxville, TN 37919 1965 Odom, Dr. and Mrs. E. P., 1700 E. Main St., Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1970 Odom, Mr. Tom, 3911 Inwood Dr., Kingsport, TN 37664 1974 Ogden, Mr. John C,, 144 Mohawk St., Tavernier, FL 33070 1952 Olson, Mr. and Mrs. William H. , 709 Aeronca Rd. , Knoxville, TN 37919 1974 O'Neil, Dr. A. W. , P. 0. Box 586, Falfurrias , TX 78355 1961 Orleans, Mrs. Jane, 1218 Ford Place, Knoxville, TN 37920 1949 Orr, Miss Katherine, 4004 Vailwood Dr. , Nashville, TN 37215 1971 Osborn, Mr. and Mrs. Charlie, 201 Bartonwood Dr., Lebanon, TN 37087 1974 Osborne, Mr. and Mrs. Joe, 1525 Robin Hood Lane, Johnson City, TN 37601 1973 Ottenfeld, Mr. and Mrs. C. T., Brookwood, Route 5, Bristol, TN 37622 1966 Overton, Mrs. E. E., 3316 Bunker Hill Dr., Knoxville, TN 37920 1947 Owen, Mr. and Mrs . J. B., 2930 North Hills Blvd., Knoxville, TN 37917 1947 Owen, Mr. and Mrs. Edward A., P. 0. Box 144, Williston, TN 38076 1949 Paige, Mrs. Louise, 91 N. Belvedere, Apt. 12, Memphis , TN 38104 1967 Papachristou, Dr. and Mrs. Gerald C., 1805 Mignon Ave., Memphis, TN 38107 1975 Parks, Mrs. Beulah, 313 McBrien Rd., Chattanooga, TN 37411 1968 Parmer, Mr. and Mrs. Henry E., 3800 Richland Ave., Nashville, TN 37205 1955 Patrick, Mr. and Mrs. Oscar, 4641 Villa Green Dr., Nashville, TN 37215 1969 Patterson, Mr. and Mrs. David E., Highland View Academy, Rt.l, Box 286, Hagerstown, MD 21740 1964 Patterson, Mrs. David G. , 4505 Harding Rd . , Apt. 167, Nashville, TN 37205 1971 Patterson, Miss Delera, Route 2, Box 340A, Church Hill, TN 37642 1976 Patterson, Mr. J. Hunter, Box 116, St. Andrews College, Laurinburg, NC 28352 1970 Patterson, Mr. Michael S., Talge Hall, Room 128, Collegedale, TN 37315 1972 Patterson, Mr. Truett C., Box 1906, Carson Newman College, Jefferson City TN 37760 1976 Patton, Dr. John, Box 60, M.T.S.U., Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1970 Paul, Mr. and Mrs. Byron, 115 Woodmont Blvd. , Nashville, TN 37205 1966 Payne, Mr. George, Jr., 6643 Monmouth Dr., Memphis, TN 38138 1970 Peake, Mr. and Mrs. Richard H. , Jr., Box 28, Wise, VA 24293 1964 Peeples, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph S., 54 Lombardy Rd. , Memphis, TN 38111 1976 Pendleton, Mrs. Harry P., 1126 Kirkwood Dr., Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1973 Penley, Jenny, 2004 Long St., Kingsport, TN 37665 1976 Percival, Mr. Charles J., II, c/o Sam Yoder, Route 1, Hicksville, OH 43526 1974 Peterson, Dr. Clell T., Box 2364 University Station, Murray, KY 42071 1971 Phillips, Dr. Allan R. , Apartado Postal 370, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico 1943 Phillips, Mr. and Mrs. Charles L. , 2495 Shenandoah Dr., Chattanooga, TN 37421 1975 Pierce, Dr. David A. , Box 391, MTSU, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1973 Pitts, Mr. and Mrs. T. David, Biology Dept., Univ. of Tenn. , Martin, TN 38237 1965 Pope, Mr. and Mrs. Ray, Forrest Ave., Lebanon, TN 37087 1975 Porter, Mr. and Mrs. Delton, 527 Second St., Lawrenceburg , TN 38464 1973 Potter, Miss Mary Ann, 6102 Clark Rd. , Harrison, TN 37341 1971 Potts, Mr. Clyde, 13 Bromwich Lane, Bella Vista, AR 72712 1976 Potts, Mr. and Mrs. L. Don, Wolftever Woods, Harrison, TN 37341 1976 Potts, Miss Mabel Ellis, 555 Eastland St. , Gallatin, TN 37066 1971 Powell, Mr. Albert L. , Route #1, Maceo, KY 42355 1934 Pressnell , Mr . and Mrs . Allen, Route 3 , Columbia , TN 38401 1976 Preston, Mr . Cecil M. , Route 2 , Box 364, Kingston, TN 37763 1971 Price , Mrs . David , Jr . , 1954 Old Hickory Blvd . , Brentwood , TN 37027 1970 Price, Mr. and Mrs. R. E. , P. 0. Box 7, Corinth, MS 38834 1975 Pulley, Mr . James Andrew ("Andy") , 2314 Ridgecrest Dr . , Nashville , TN 37216 1976 Purnell, Mrs. Jim, 120 Oak Hill Dr. , Lebanon, TN 37087 1974 Puryear , Mr . and Mrs . W. A. , 6666 Brookmont Terr . , Apt . 907 , Nashville , TN 37205 - 1958 Quanrud , Mrs . Rebecca, 1204 N. Third St . , Bismarck, ND 58501 1976 Quinn , Mr . Yancey M. , ____ 1972 Ragland, Miss Ella H. , 920 N . Lafayette , Brownsville , TN 38012 1945 Raiford, Mr . and Mrs . Walker C . , 274 Blue Grass Dr . , Hendersonville , TN 37075 1970 Ramm, Ruth and Heinrich, 606 Larrymore St. , Manchester , TN 37355 1974 Raye , Mr . Larry D. , 4008 Dorcas Dr . , Nashville , TN 37215 1976 Reed, Mr . Matthew R. , 240 East Cherry Circle , Memphis , TN 38117 1971 Reed, Mrs . Ralph R. , 240 East Cherry Circle , Memphis , TN 38117 1971 Reedy , Miss Marie , Rt . 8 , Box 7 , 143 Shenandoah Dr . , Franklin , TN 37064 1975 Reeves, Mr. Mark Edward, Route 2, Box 12, Loretto, TN 38469 _____ 1976 Regen, Mr . and Mrs . W. M. , 113 Oak Hill Circle , Lebanon , TN 37087 1974 Reid, Mr. Robert R. , Jr. , 2616 Mountain Brook Parkway , Mountain Brook, AL 35223 -- 1972 Restivo , Mr . and Mrs . Ernie J . , 5880 Macinness Ave . , Memphis , TN 38138 1968 Reynolds , Mr . and Mrs . A. E. , 807 Maple, Bristol , TN 37622 1958 Rich, Mr. and Mrs . C . W. , 1544 Eastlawn St. , Memphis , TN 38111 1975 Richards, Mrs. Lawrence D. , 1921 Moran Dr., Nashville, TN 37216 1972 Richardson, Mr . Larry R. , 1704 Shackleford Rd. , Nashville , TN 37215 1974 Richmond, Mr . and Mrs . Miser , Box 5211 , Tenn . Tech. , Cookeville , TN 38501 1941 Rickert, Mr. Jon E. , 122 North Main, Elizabethtown, KY 42701 1961 Riddle, Mr. and Mrs. Henry, Loretto, TN 38469 1972 Riddle , Mrs . James T . , 231 Haverford Ave. , Nashville , TN 37205 1971 Riggins , Mr . and Mrs . John , 746 Harpeth Parkway West , Nashville , TN 37221 1969 Ring , Mr. and Mrs . Ralph, 1815 N. Locust Ave . , Lawrenceburg , TN 38464 1972 Rini , Mr . and Mrs . S . Jack, 740 W. Clover Dr . , Memphis , TN 38117 1954 Ringger , Mrs . Paul , 1575 Eastmoreland, Memphis , TN 38104 197 5 Roark, Mrs . Martha L. , 23 Sevier , Memphis , TN 38111 1973 Robb , Mr . Jim, Old Stone Fort State Park, Manchester , TN 37355 1974 Roberts , Mr . Herbert W. , Big Cypress Tree Natural Area , Greenfield , TN 38230 1976 Robertson, Mrs . James , 523 Wanda Dr. , Nashville, TN 37210 1974 Robison, Mr . and Mrs . David, Route 5 , Box 359 Leeville Rd . , Lebanon, TN 37087 1975 Roehr , Mr . Kerry , 3635 Crestwyn Dr . , Germantown , TN 38138 — — 1975 Roller! , Mr . and Mrs . Eugene , 653 N . Russell Rd . , Jackson, TN 38301 1976 Rook, Mr . and Mrs . Paul D. , Apt . I 106 , 3500 Sutherland Ave . , Knoxville , TN 37919- 1975 Ross, Mr. Hollis T., Route 1, Box 81, Lewisburg, PA 17837 1933 Rowlett , Mr . and Mrs . Larry , Route 9 , Box 544 , Shannon View Trailer Park, Jonesboro , TN 37659 1976 Ryder , Mr . and Mrs . Sterling C . , 129E Tenn . Ave , , Oak Ridge , TN 37830 1970 Rutkowski, Miss Louise H. , 1540 Forrest Ave. , Memphis , TN 38112 1976 Sacharin , Miss Ilayne , 5361 Pecan Grove Lane , Memphis , TN 38117 — 1976 Sands , Mrs . Lada , 1101 Woodview Ave . , Memphis , TN 38117 1975 Sanders , Mr . and Mrs . Kenneth B. , Route 28 , Box 203 , Knoxville , TN 37920 1955 Sanders , Miss Tammy , 2835 Curtis St . , Memphis , TN 38118 1976 Satterwhite , Mr . and Mrs . John , Route 7 , Campbellsville Pike , Columbia , TN 38401 - 1974 Sawyer , Mrs . Herman , 604 Estes Ave . , Nashville , TN 37215 1962 Sayle, Mr . Harry E. , 1767 Vinton Ave . , Memphis , TN 38104 1974 Schell, Mr. Edward H. , 2514 Brown's Mill Rd. , Johnson City, TN 37601 1975 Schiller , Mrs . Henry A., 3572 Allendale Rd. , Memphis , TN 38111 1956 Schreiber , Mr . and Mrs . Edwin D. , Sr . , 3518 Pleasant Valley Rd . , Nashville , TN 37204 1963 Schuerman, Mr . and Mrs . Max , 3906 Woodmont Lane , Nashville , TN 37215 1961 S chwamm , Mr . and Mrs . Justin, 4208 McCampbell Lane , Knoxville , TN 37918 1969 Scott , Mr . Frederic R. , 115 Kennondale Lane , Richmond , VA 23226 1955 Scott , Dr . and Mrs . Harold , Knob Creek Rd. , Columbia , TN 38401 1976 Scott , Miss Jeanne M. , 2095 Poplar Ave. , Apt . 64 , Memphis , TN 38104 1975 Scott , Mr . and Mrs . Leland G . , Hickory Harbor , Gallatin , TN 37066 1973 Scurlock, Mr. William H. , 3722 Richland Ave. , Nashville, TN 37205 1975 Seaborn, Mrs. Charles W. , Sr., 1794 Riverdale Rd. , Germantown, TN 38138 1940 Sellars , Mrs . Clyde , 111 Caruthers , Lebanon , TN 37087 1969 Sellars , Mr . and Mrs . John W. , 122 Greenlawn Ave . , Lebanon, TN 37087 1969 Senn, Mrs . J . R. , 110 Chris Lane , Chickamauga , GA 30707 1975 Senter , Rev. and Mrs . William F . , 313 West Hill Dr . , Lebanon , TN 37087 1968 Sexton, Mr. and Mrs. John W. , Route 1, Dover, TN 37058 1971 Seymour , Dr . Edward T. , 5055 Lakeview Dr. , Nashville , TN 37220 1971 Shafer , Mr . and Mrs . W. Lee , Route 1 , Whitwell , TN 3 7397 1969 Sharp , Mr . and Mrs . A. Boyd , 245 Peters Rd. , Knoxville , TN 37919 1968 Sharp , Mr . and Mrs . Robert K. , 505 Chesterfield Ave . , Nashville , TN 37212 1963 Sharp, Mr. Vernon, Jr., Rt . 5, Wilson Pike, Franklin, TN 37064 1921 Sharp, Mrs. Walter, Route 2, Beech Creek Rd. , Brentwood, TN 37027 1952 Shaughnessy, Mr. Winslow M. , c/o Cumberland Museum & Science Center, 800 Ridley Ave. Nashville, TN 37203 1971 Shearer , Mrs . Lucille, 314 South Palisades Dr . , Signal Mountain , TN 37377 1976 Shiles , Mr . Gene , 536 Bluebird Circle , Chattanooga , TN 37421 1976 Sigel, Mr. and Mrs. Harry, 118 West Valley St. , Abingdon, VA 24210 1976 Silver, Dr. and Mrs. James L. , Jr., 218 Meadowcrest, Bristol, VA 24201 1973 Simbeck, Mr. and Mrs. Donnie, Box 164, Loretto, TN 38469 1972 Simpson, Dr. Marcus B. , Jr., 9706 Basket Ring Rd. , Columbia, MD 21045 1961 Simpson, Mr. and Mrs. William F., Jr., 1220 Pilleaux Rd . , Knoxville, TN 37912 1974 Sinclair, Mr. and Mrs. Robert E., 7205 Willow Creek Dr., Nashville, TN 37221 1973 Sites, Mr. Jack W. , Jr., Colony Oaks Apts., Apt. 51, Rebecca Rd . , Bryan, TX 77801- 1975 Skipper, Mrs. Carlos, 912 C James Blvd. , Signal Mountain, TN 37377 1975 Sliger, Mr. and Mrs. Henry L. , 208 S. Germantown Rd . , Chattanooga, TN 37411 1954 Slonaker, Mr. Jake, Route 1, Box 82, Greenwood Dr., Johnson City, TN 37601 1975 Smathers, Mr. and Mrs. Hugh, 128 Asbury Lane, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 1976 Smith, Mr. Alan, 7017 Northshore Dr., Knoxville, TN 37919 1976 Smith, Miss Alice H. , Route 1, Box 323, Covington, TN 38104 1933 Smith, Dr. and Mrs. Arlo I., 3724 Oakley Ave . , Memphis, TN 38111 1953 Smith, Mrs. Arthur S., 100 Otari Dr., Rt . 14, Kingsport, TN 37664 1960 Smith, Mr. Charles R. , Dept, of Conservation, Fernow Hall, Cornell Univerity, Ithaca, NY 14850 1963 Smith, Mrs. G. Gould, Rt. 7, Cainsville Rd., Lebanon, TN 37087 1970 Smith, Mrs. Lucile,1328 Longview Dr., c/o T.C. Smith, Woodbridge, VA 22191 1952 Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Louis F., 3809 Riverview Rd . , Knoxville, TN 37914 1954 Smith, Mr. R. Demett, Jr., 1024 Coronado Dr., Huntsville, AL 35802 1970 Smith, Mr. Stephen, 5520 Stanford Dr., Nashville, TN 37215 1970 Smith, Mr. Timmy, Route 10, Cookeville, TN 38501 1974 Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Wm. A., Rt . 9, Box 154, Hickory Ridge Rd., Lebanon, TN 37087 - 1971 Smotherman, Mr. and Mrs. Cromer, Rt. 1, Box 1, Lawrenceburg , TN 38464 1972 Snyder, Dr. and Mrs. David H. , Dept, of Biology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN 37040 --- 1972 Spain, Mr. and Mrs. A. D., Box 322, Laws Rd . , Whites Creek, TN 37189 1971 Speck, Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Speck, 228 East Spring St., Lebanon, TN 37087 1974 Smith, Dr. Radford, 136 Park Circle, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1964 Spees, Dr. and Mrs. Royal, Box 356, Greeneville, TN 37743 1962 Spence, Miss Alberta, 1810 E. Main St., Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1974 Spiotta, Mr. Robert S., 1185 Fairmeadow Rd. , Memphis, TN 38117 1974 Spofford, Dr. Walter "Aguila-Rancho" , Portal, AZ 85632 1940 Stallings, Miss Pat, 406 North 17th St., Nashville, TN 37206 1970 Stamm, Mrs. F. W. , 9101 Spokane Way, Louisville, KY 40222 1946 Stamper, Miss Yvonne, Rt. 6, Bell Ridge Rd. , Kingsport, TN 37660 1976 Stanford, Mrs. H. E., Taylorsville Rd. , Lebanon, TN 37087 1974 Stedman, Mr. Claude, 1106 Grantland Ave., Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1973 Steele, Mr. and Mrs. Chas . H. , Rash Ragsdale Road, Brentwood, TN 37027 1967 Stephens, Miss Ella, Box 35, Earner, TN 37333 1965 Stephens, Mr. and Mrs. Jos. P., 1262 Hillwood Dr., Clarksville, TN 37040 1974 Stevens, Mr. Jeff, P. 0. Box 524, Collegedale, TN 37315 1973 Stone, Mr. Joe, 6863 Longview Rd., Chattanooga, TN 37421 1976 Stoner, Mr. and Mrs. Floyd Stoner, 192 Williford St., Memphis, TN 38112 1961 Street, Mr. and Mrs. C. P., 2410 Golf Club Ln., Nashville, TN 37215 1963 Stribling, Betty K. , 1002 McKellar Dr., Tullahoma, TN 37388 1974 Stringer, Mrs. Kirby, 1833 Primrose Ave., Nashville, TN 37212 1947 Stringer, Mr. and Mrs. Robert E.M., 205 Lisa Lane, Nashville, TN 37210 1962 Stuart, Mr. and Mrs. Gordon, 132 OakviewDr., Bristol, BA 24201 1970 Stupka, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur, Route 3, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 1935 Styke, Mr. and Mrs. A. N. , Jr., 1101 Summer St., Manchester, TN 37355 1975 Sullivan, Mr. and Mrs. Roy H. , Route 5, Box 206, Cookeville, TN 38501 1971 Sulser, Miss Anna, 4621 Tara Dr., Nashville, TN 37215 1973 Sumara, Mrs. C. K. G., 1011 Church St., Tiptonville, TN 38079 1965 Swafford, Mr. Carl, Rt . 31, Tooles Bend Rd. , Knoxville, TN 37922 1968 Swan, Mr. and Mrs. Dana, Star Route Box 32, Thaxton, MS 38871 1976 Swanson, Mr. Charles, 2467 Wildwood Dr., Kingsport, TN 37660 1976 Swindell, Mr. and Mrs. Thos.C., 404 Clay St., Alexander City, AL 35010 1955 Switzer, Mrs. A. H., 1620 Fairidge PI., Kingsport, TN 37664 1949 Swofford, Mr. and Mrs. Glenn, 550 Valley St., Erwin, TN 37650 1976 Tanner, Mr. and Mrs. Edward F., 402 Colgate Ave., Lebanon, TN 37087 1969 Tarbell, Dr. and Mrs. D. Stanley, 6033 Sherwood Dr., Nashville, TN 37215 1968 Taylor, Mrs. Alexander W. , Whip-poor-will Hollow, Pinewood Rd., Rt . 6, Franklin, TN 1971 Taylor, Mr. Norman P., Box 210, Shady Valley, TN 37688 1976 Taylor, Mr. and Mrs. Porter, Box 169, Mt . Juliet, TN 37122 1965 Taylor, Mr. Wiley E., Box 210 Shady Valley, TN 37688 1976 Taylor, Mr. Richard G., 4350 Tuckahoe, Memphis, TN 38117 1975 Tillman, Mr. Barry, Box 3808, Sta. B., Vanderbilt Univ. , Nashville, TN 37235 1976 Tinnon, Miss Thelma, P. 0. Box 525, Cookeville, TN 38501 1960 Toline, Mr. and Mrs. F. R., Rt . 8, Box 232, Cookeville, TN 38501 1965 Torbjorn, S'All, c/o James M. Vest, 667 N. Idlewild, Memphis, TN 38107 1976 Torti, Mrs. M. L. , Sr., 3107 Spottswood Ave., Memphis, TN 38111 1938 Trabue, Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence 0., 3819 Harding PI., Nashville, TN 37215 1960 Travis, Dr. Vaud A., Jr., 4526 Water Oak Rd. , Charlotte, NC 28211 1968 Tunsberg, Mr. and Mrs. Douglas L., 1314 S. Seminole Dr., Chattanooga, TN 37412 1956 Turner, Dr. and Mrs. Carroll C., 407 Greenway Rd., Memphis, TN 38117 1960 Tyler, Mrs. Daniel E., P. 0. Box 372, Lake Junaluska, NC 28745 1974 Vance, Mr. J. D., 4950 Marianne Lane, Memphis, TN 38117 1973 Van Cleve, Mr. G. Bernard, 304 S. Winebiddle St., Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 1961 Van Gelder, Mr. and Mrs. Enno , 416 Hilltop Rd., Bristol, TN 37622 1961 Varney, Mr. William R. 1976 Vaughan, Mrs. Frances, Route 6, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1971 Vaughn, Mr. Wm. J., Cloverland Dr., Brentwood, TN 37027 1964 Wade, Mrs. Legia, 4615 Oak Forest Way #5, Memphis, TN 38118 ______ 1972 Wade, Miss Mary Ann, 1644 Goodbar Ave . , Memphis, TN 38104 1973 Wakeland, Violette, Box 953, Monteagle, TN 37356 1974 Waldron, Dr. and Mrs. James E., 1626 Yorkshire Dr., Memphis, TN 38117 1970 Walker, Miss Mildred, 312 West Sixth St., Columbia, TN 38401 1974 Walkup, Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth A., 309 Leopole Rd. , Nashville, TN 37211 1971 Wallace, Miss Ellen B., 115 Woodmont Blvd., Apt. 418, Nashville, TN 37205 1961 Wallace, Dr. and Mrs. Gary 0., Rt. 7 Sunrise Dr., Elizabethton , TN 37643 1967 Waller, Mr. Wade, 3680 Merritt St., Memphis, TN 38128 1969 Waller, Mrs. Martha, 3680 Merritt St., Memphis, TN 38128 1974 Walley, Dr. and Mrs. William, 712 Chippendale Rd. , Kingsport, TN 37660 1976 Walter, Mrs. E. D., 10 Fairyland Cottages, Lookout Mountain, TN 37350 1975 Wanamaker, Mr. Monty, Box 282, Monteagle, TN 37356 1975 Warriner, Dr. and Mrs. R. B., Jr., 205 Linden St., Corinth, MS 38834 1973 Waters, Mrs. Henry, Route 7 Greenwood Farms, Lebanon, TN 37087 1950 Watkins, Miss Violet Jane, 2845 Kenway Rd., Nashville, TN 37215 1955 Watson, Mr. Joe, RFD 1, Box 233, Rutledge, TN 37861 1973 Weise, Dr. Charles M. , 2314 East Stratford Ct., Milwaukee, WI 1954 Welsh, Miss Margaret, 1803 Cedar Lane, Nashville, TN 37212 1971 Welty, Mrs. William, 115 Castle Heights Ave., Lebanon, TN 37087 1967 Wendt, Miss Chrissa, 825 N. Drive, Cookeville, TN 38501 1960 West, Mr. Eugene M. , P. 0. Box 1662, Fairfield Glade, TN 38555 1962 Westmoreland, Mr. and Mrs. L. P., 1213 Worthington, Chattanooga, TN 37405 1974 White, Mrs. George, 225 Oakwood, Lewisburg, TN 37091 1976 White, Miss Marie, 909 Milfred Ave., Cookeville, TN 38501 1961 White , Miss V . Ruth , 137 Third Ave . , N. , Franklin, TN 37064 1950 Whitehead, Mr. Clifton J., Jr., 5019 Temple Rd. , Nashville, TN 37221 1972 Whitehead, Mrs. Thomas W. , Route 8, Johnson City, TN 37601 1974 Whitley, Mr. and Mrs. William T. , 400 Colonial Rd., Memphis, TN 38117 1972 Whittington, Mr. Richard L., 3593 Norriswood Ave. #2, Memphis, TN 38111 1974 Wiener, Mrs. Margaret L. , 134 Alton Rd. , Nashville, TN 37205 1975 Wilbur , Mr . and Mrs . Richard C . , 230 Ussery Rd . , Clarksville , TN 37040 1969 Wilkinson, Mrs. Harvie B., 418 N. Hermitage Ave., Lookout Mountain, TN 37350 1961 Wilkinson, Dr. and Mrs. R. Dean, Horn Springs Road, Lebanon, TN 37087 1960 Williams, Miss Dorothy, 2511 Sherrod Rd. , Knoxville, TN 37920 1958 Williams, Ms. Florence, Route 8, Box 125, Cookeville, TN 38501 1976 Williams , Mr . and Mrs . R. J . , 123 Greenlawn Dr . , Lebanon, TN 37087 1972 Williams , Mr . and Mrs . W. B . , 921 W. Broadway , Maryville , TN 37801 1964 Williamson, Miss Marilyn, Natchez Trace State Park, Wildersville , TN 38388 1969 Williamson, Mrs. W. G. , 4237 Auburn Rd., Memphis, TN 38116 1934 Willis, Mr. and Mrs. Wylie R. , 103 Buffalo St., Lawrenceburg , TN 38464 1972 Willmore, Mrs. Herschel, Route 2, Box 158, Gallatin, TN 37066 1971 Wills , Mr . and Mrs . Jesse E . , 1201 Belle Meade Blvd . , Nashville , TN 37205 1948 Wilmeth, Mr. and Mrs. C. E., 606 S. Graham St., Memphis, TN 38111 1948 Wilson, Mrs. Charles W. , 2355 Eastwood Place, Memphis, TN 38112 1967 Wilson, Mr. Jeff R. , 519 S. Rembert St., Apt. 2, Memphis, TN 38104 1975 Wilson, Dr. and Mrs. Theodore, Jr., 3366 Oak Lake Cove, Memphis, TN 38118 1975 Wilson, Mr. and Mrs. Tom E. , 404 Foxcroft Rd., Greenville, SC 29607 1971 Winnett , Wanda and Truman , Hillsboro , TN 37342 1974 Wodtke, Mrs. C. H. , 609 W. Vanderbilt, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 1967 Wodzenski, Mr. and Mrs. Benny R. , Box 64, Collegedale, TN 37315 1975 Wooldridge, Mrs. Rose Newton, 2042 Cowden Ave., Memphis, TN 38104 1945 Woodruff, Mr. Roger, Room 145, Talge Hall, Collegedale, TN 37315 1972 Workman, Miss Virginia, 3106 West End Ave., Apt. A-3, Nashville, TN 37203 1960 Worley, Mr . and Mrs . Richard C. , 500 Winston Rd. , Chattanooga , TN 37405 1970 Wright, Mr. and Mrs. John S., Route 5, Box 103-B, Southwood, SD 1976 Yambert, Mr. and Mrs. D. W. , P. 0. Box 40747, Nashville, TN 37204 1941 Young, Mr. and Mrs. Howard, 1909 East Sevier Ave., Kingsport, TN 37664 _____ 1973 Young, Mr. James B., 417 Club Lane, Louisville, KY 40207 1938 York, Mr . and Mrs . Grady L. , 400 College St . , Manchester , TN 37355 _____ 1974 Zimmerman, Mrs. Guy, 1010 Country Club Rd., Apt. N1 , Cookeville , TN 38501 1970 LIBRARIES- -MUSEUMS- -INSTITUTIONS Library, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 1943 The Charleston Museum, 121-25 Rutledge Ave. , Charleston, SC 29416 1934 Library, Field Museum of Natural History, Roosevelt Rd. & Lakeshore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605 1935 C. A. Exchanges, The Center for Research Libraries, 5721 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago, IL 60637 1966 Library, Periodical Section, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 1956 Serials Dept., McGill University Library, 3459 McTavish St., Montreal 112, P.Q. Canada 1930 Library, Periodical Dept. , MTSU, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1961 Tennessee State Library & Archives, Nashville, TN 37219 1930 Ornithology Library, Peabody Museum, Yale University, Room 205, New Haven, CT 06508 1963 Library, National Audubon Society, 950 Third Ave., New York, NY 10022 1931 Periodicals Serials Center, D. H. Hill Library, N. C. State University, P. 0. Box 5007, Raleigh, NC 27607 1960 Acquisitions Division, Albert R. Mann Library, Ithaca, NY 14850 1967 City of Kingsport, Bays Mountain Park Office, Rt . 4, Kingsport, TN 37660 1970 Periodicals Librarian, Jere ^^^aitson Memorial Library, Tenn. Tech. University, Cookeville, TN 38501 1972 Tall Timbers Research Station, Route 1, Box 160, Tallahassee, FL 32301 1971 Alexander Library, Edward Gray Institute of Field Ornithology, Dept, of Zoology, South Parks Rd. , Oxford, 1 3 PS, England 1968 Tennessee Valley Authority, Forestry Library, Norris, TN 37828 1974 Library, Periodicals Dept., The University of Tenn. at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 37401 1970 Periodicals Section, New York State Library, Albany, NY 12234 1953 Serials & Binding Dept. , Main Library, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 1940 Acquisitions Dept., Serials Div. , Library, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 1947 Serials Dept., General Library, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 1934 Chattanooga Public Library, 601 McCallie Ave., Chattanooga, TN 37403 1932 Serials Div., Library, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 1945 Science-Engineering Library, 672 Buehler Hall, Univ. of Tenn., Knoxville, TN 37916- 1942 Memphis Public Library & Information Center, 1850 Peabody Ave., Memphis, TN 38104 - 1940 Serials Dept., John Brister Lib., Memphis State Univ. Memphis, TN 38152 1941 Library, Murray State University, Murray, KY 42071 1946 Periodicals Dept., Joint University Libraries, Nashville, TN 37203 1935 Tulane University, Library, Serials Section, New Orleans, LA 70118 1944 Library, Carnegie Museum, 4400 Forbes Ave. , Pittsburgh, PA 15213 1956 Library, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto 5, Ontario, Canada 1948 Serials Section, Library, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 1947 Woodward Library, Serials, Univ. of British Columbia, 2075 Wesbrook PI., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T, 1W5 1958 Library, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15701 1967 Accessions Dept., British Library, Lending Division, Boston SPA, Wetherby, England LS23 7BQ 1968 Pattee Library, Periodicals Sect., Penn. State Univ., University Park, PA 16802 1968 Periodicals Dept., Earl Gregg Swem Lib., College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185 1967 Jessie Ball DuPont Lib., Serials Dept., Univ. of the South, Sewanee, TN 37375 1968 Periodicals Dept., Library, East Tenn. State Univ., Johnson City, TN 37601 1969 Agriculture Library, Agricultural Science Center North, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 1969 Mississippi Museum of Natural Science, 111 Jefferson St. , Jackson, MS 39202 1971 Acquisitions Dept., Mitchell Memorial Library, Mississippi State University, State College, MS 39762 1972 Dwight B. Waldo Library, Serials Records, Western Michigan Univ ., Kalamazoo , MI 49001 1972 Library-Serials, University of TN at Nashville, 323 McLemore St., Nashville, TN 37203 1972 Library, Southern Missionary College, Collegedale, TN 37315 1962 Hunter Library, Serials, Western Carolina University, Collowhee, NC 28723 1975 Serials Dept., Library, Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 1972 Library, Serials Section, Oklahoma State Univ. , Stillwater, OK 74074 1963 Serials Dept., University of Illinois Library, Urbana, IL 61801 1956 Serials Dept., Library, Fla. Technological Univ., P.O. Box 25000, Orlando, FL 32816 1971 Dean B. Ellis Library, Arkansas State Univ., State University, AR 72467 1968 Cumberland Gap National Historical Park, P. 0. Box 840, Middlesboro, KY 40965 1976 EXCHANGES Serials Section, University Library, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 Audubon Naturalist Soc., 8940 Jones Mill Rd. , Washington, DC 20015 Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales , La Salle Biblioteca, Apartado 8150, Caracas, Venezuela Review Editor, Bird- Banding , Dept, of Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 British Trust for Ornithology, Beech Grove, Tring, Hertfordshire, England Dr. Alfred 0. Gross, Editor, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011 Editor, THE CHAT, Route 3, Box 114-AA, Zebulon, NC 27597 Bibliotheque , Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, France, 13200 Arles Biomedical Library, Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024 Florida Audubon Society, "The Florida Naturalist", P. 0. Drawer 7, Maitland, FL 32751 Commission Administrative du Patrimoine de L'Institut, Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Rue Vautier, 31, Bruxelles 4, Belgium Indiana Audubon Society, Inc., Charles E. Keller, 2505 E. Maynard Dr., Indianapolis, IN IOWA BIRD LIFE, 235 McClelland Blvd. , Davenport, lA KENTUCKY WARBLER, Serials Dept., University of Louisville Library, Belknap Campus, Louisville, KY THE KINGBIRD, 20 Parish Rd. , Honeoye Falls, NY THE LIVING BIRD, Library, Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY THE LOON, Minnesota Ornithologists Union, Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Ml^ MARYLAND BIRD LIFE, Maryland Ornithologists Society, Clyburn Mansion, 4915 Green Springs Ave. , Baltimore, MD NATURAL HISTORY, Librarian, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY THE NEBRASKA BIRD REVIEW, Nebraska Ornithological Union, 101 Morrill Hall, University of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln, NE Texas Ornithological Society, 4022 Monty, Midland, TX THE ORIOLE, Gift 6c Exchange Section, Acquisitions Div. , University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, GA DER ORNITHOLOGISCHE BEOBACHTER, Schweizerische Vogelwarte, CH-6204 Semach Switzerland THE PASSENGER PIGEON, Editor, 733 Maple St., Chippewa Falls, WI THE PROTHONOTARY , Buffalo Ornithological Society, 87 Garrison Road, Williamsville, NY RAVEN, 115 Kennondale Lane, Richmond, VA THE REDSTART, Brooks Bird Club, 423 Warwood Ave., Wheeling, WV THE RING, International Ornithological Bulletin, Zoological Institute, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Worclaw, Poland SOUTH DAKOTA BIRD NOTES, Editor, Highmore, SD THE WILSON BULLETIN, The Wilson Ornithological Society, University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, MI Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Uber Radolfzell (Bodensee), Schloss Moeggingen (17B) , Germany THE RECORD, Aves Section, The Librarian, Zoological Museum, Tring, Hertfordshire, England Library, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Gatlinburg, TN Library, U,S. National Museiam, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC Biological Abstracts, 2100 Arch, Philadelphia, PA Cumberland Museum 6c Science Center, T.O.S. Library, 800 Ridley Ave., Nashville, TN - 46227 52803 40208 14472 14850 55455 21209 10024 68508 79701 30601 54729 14221 23226 26003 57345 48103 37738 ii 20025 19103 li 37203 i Correspond with the Treasurer, Kenneth H. Dubke, Rt. 1, Box 134-D, Ooltewah, Tenn. 37363 for subscriptions, memberships, and changes of address. Annual dues, $4.00; Sustaining, $7.50; Life, $100.00; Student, $3.00; Family, $5.00. Chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses. Dues, con- tributions, and bequests are deductible from Federal income and estate taxes. Avifauna :^3 and back issues of The Migrant may be had from Dr. James T. Tanner, Rt. 28, Box 15 5, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920. THE MIGRANT EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR GARY O. WALLACE Rt. 7, Sunrise Dr., Elizabethton, TN 37643 THE SEASON EDITOR FRED J. ALSOP, III Rt. 6, 302 Evergreen St., Church Hill, TN 37642 THE SEASON REGIONAL COMPILERS: EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION GLEN ELLER Rt. 3, Grandview Terrace, Elizabethton, TN 37643 EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY REGION DANIEL R. JACOBSON Box 6, Wildwood, GA 39737 CENTRAL PLATEAU AND BASIN REGION MORRIS D. WILLIAMS Suite 601, 1720 West End Bldg., Nashville, TN 37203 WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN REGION MARTHA WALDRON 1626 Yorkshire Dr., Memphis, TN 38117 STATE COUNT COMPILER MORRIS D. WILLIAMS Suite 601, 1720 West End Bldg., Nashville, TN 37203 HAWK COUNT COMPILER THOMAS W. FINUCANE 1434 Watauga St., Kingsport, TN 37664 A Species Index To THE MIGRANT Volumes I - 47 1930 - 1976 Morris D. Williams Tennessee O rnithological Society 1977 For information on obtaining copies of this index, see a recent issue of THE MIGRANT. A Species Index To THE MIGRANT Volumes 1 - 47 1930 - 1976 Morris D. Williams Special Publication Number One Tennessee O rnifhological Society 1977 Nashville, Tennessee Introduction This index consists of three parts: a list of references to all species mentioned i j in The Migrant presented in taxonomic order (page 1) , an alphabetical index to Latin 1 names (page 32) , and an alphabetical index to English names (page 35) . Prior to this I time, an index has never been published to the first five volumes of The Migrant . In I the preparation of this index, I have read and indexed Volume I. References to Volumes II through V were taken from index cards that have been maintained for many years by the Editors ; of The Migrant . To prepare the remainder of this index, I have used the 14 three-year ^ indices which have appeared in The Migrant beginning in 1937. These indices have been i consolidated, edited, and rearranged from an alphabetical to a taxonomic sequence. I j have placed the references to subspecies under the appropriate species headings rather i than as separate entries. In order to save space, I have replaced the years with volume numbers, which are underlined. It is quite easy with practice to look at the volume number and know quickly in which year that volume was published. Simply subtract one(l) from the volume number and add the remaining number to 1930 (the first year of publication). For example, to find in v/hich year volume 37 was published, subtract one from 37 (37-1=36), add the remainder to 1930 (1930+36=1966) to find that volume 37 was published in 1966. During the course of editing this index, I found many errors. Undoubtedly there are errors remaining, especially in the portions that I have not edited. Common sense will allow one to turn some of the errors into useful references. For example, if the species you are researching is not mentioned on page 27 as indicated in the index, look on the preceding or following page or perhaps pages 17, 37, or 72. In a few cases, the wrong year was given for a list of references. There are of course some references which were inserted erroneously. Of more serious consequence are the errors in which useful information was not indexed at all; I found a few of these errors. I would appreciate receiving notice of any errors in this index. Perhaps a list of errata can be published later, or corrections can be made in a second printing if one should be necessary. Two instances of irregular pagination should be noted. In the June issues of both Volumes I and II, the pages are numbered beginning with one, rather than continuing from the March issues. References in this index are to the corrected page numbers, not the published ones. Researchers should be on the alert for species that are listed more than once on a page in The Migrant . Carefully read each page that is referenced in the index for a particular species. Failure to do so will probably result in the loss of some important information . NOMENCLATURE AND SEQUENCE OF SPECIES I have used the nomenclature found in the A.O.U. Checklist of North American Birds, 5th edition (1957) and the 32nd and 33rd supplements to the A.O.U. Checklist (Auk, 90:411 and Auk, 93:875). In a few instances where the species were not covered in the A.O.U. Check- list, I have used Morony, Bock, and Farrand (1975. Reference List of the Birds of the World. New York, Am. Mus . of Nat. Hist. 207 pp . ) . The sequence of species also follows the A.O.U. iii Checklist with a few exceptions which have been necessitated by the changes in the 32nd Supplement to the A.O.U. Checklist. Several of the shorebird genera have been merged causing a rearrangement in the sequence of the two Yellowlegs and all of the "peep" sandpipers. For these birds I have used the sequence given in Morony e^ (ibid). The names of the Henslow's and Le Conte's Sparrows were also changed in the 32nd Supplement. I have reversed the order of these sparrows in order to place them adjacent to the other members of their respective genera, however, this manuever does not necessarily place them in the proper sequence. In defense of the above changes, I can see no justification for not placing the members of the same genus adjacent to one another in a taxonomic list. I could have made many other changes in the sequence of species, genera, and even families and at the same time remained within the bounds of current taxonomic thinking . However , at this time that would have defeated my purpose which was to produce a useful index. Eventually these other changes will be adopted universally by ornithologists . It was partly due to those anticipated changes and the resultant inconvenience to users of this index, that I have also included the two alphabetical indices . SUBSPECIES I have not emphasized the subspecies in this index . Those who are not interested in subspecific information should find it easy to ignore all of the comments and annotations that I have provided . However , for those who want it , I have made this information available through annotations. References to subpsecies are usually indicated by the trinomial, or in cases where there are several, a symbol has been used. References to subspecific identifi- cations that were not based on specimens are generally not annotated in this index, except for a few races that are readily identified in the field. I have not annotated references to those subspecies that were recognized at one time, but which do not appear in the A.O.U. Checklist (1957). Also, I have not annotated references to subspecies when only one subspeciei is known from this area. This information is available in the A.O.U, Checklist or in Wetmore (1939. Notes on the Birds of Tennessee. Proc. U.S. National Museum, 86:175-243). SYNONYMY Both the English and Latin alphabetical indices contain cross references between obso- lete and current names. My aim has not been to give a complete list of synonyms; nor have I been consistent in my treatment of this subject; rather I have included those names that are most likely to cause confusion. I have, however, tried to include all of the more recent name changes which are often overlooked. These cross references should be of the greatest benefit when the user is confronted with English subspecies names in the older volumes of The Migrant . For example, to find out what a Bicknell's Thrush is, turn to the English index and you will find beside Bicknell's Thrush the Latin trinomial Catharus minimus biaknelli and a reference to page 20 of the main index. On page 20 using the Latin name you will find that Catharus minimus is a Gray-cheeked Thrush, and that there are two references to the subspecies biaknelli in the list that follows. COVERAGE With the exceptions noted below, I have included all references to all of the approxi- mately 356 species that are discussed in The Migrant . I have edited some useless references iv from every species, and for 130 species (those marked with an asterisk) I have looked up every reference and omitted those which provided no useful information or information that was presented elsewhere in more detail. For example, a rare bird seen on a Christmas Count might be mentioned on as many as three different pages in the Christmas Count report. It might also be mentioned on two or three pages in The Season reports. Then a Round Table note might be published giving all of the details of the sighting. This would result in six or seven references in the three-year indices. In this index I would have omitted all of those references except the one to the Round Table note. In many cases I was able to eleminate as many as half the original references and in some cases up to 80 per cent. For most species, as I looked up the references, I transcribed the data to index cards which I have filed for future reference. Casual references to birds in book reviews and other articles were omitted. I also omitted all of the birds mentioned in two papers that concerned areas far removed from Tennessee: "Observations on the Birds of Wake Island" (Migrant , 16:26) and "The Quest of the Trogon" (in Arizona) Migrant , 32:11. References to birds from other areas outside of Tennessee are indexed. In some cases I have included the name of the state along with the reference. I am currently preparing a complete geographical index to The Migrant which will be specific to counties for Tennessee and to states for the area outside of Tennessee. I omitted the references (Migrant , 31:13 and 50) to the Northern Three-toed Woodpecker {Piooides tridaotylus) which was accidentially published without the usual editorial scrutiny. Otherwise I have included references to species even though T consider the records doubtful. Alsop (Migrant , 43:57-64) presents a good evaluation of some of these doubtful records. I do not accept, however, the criteria that Alsop (ibid) proposes for accepting sight records of birds. 1 have knowledge of three species which have been reported from Tennessee, but for v;hich records have not yet appeared in The Migrant : Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrius) , Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus) , and Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) specimen. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT S I am grateful to the follov/ing people who helped me with the tedious task of proof- reading the rough draft: Cathy Dimcan , Rita Gilbert, Alice Hammond, Susan Taylor, and especially James M. Harper who donated his time gratis. Credit is due the Tennessee Department of Conservation, the Tennessee Heritage Program and the Nature Conservancy for their support of this project. Many of my colleagues in the Tennessee Ornithological Society helped me with various problems that arose. I especially appreciate the help of Dr. Gary 0. Wallace who has been a constant source of advice throughout all phases of the preparation of this index. I owe my deepest debt of gratitude to my sister, Dorris Smith, who typed and helped me proof-read the manuscript from which this index was directly repro- duced. Her contribution to this index entitles her to a large measure of credit for its publication . Nashville, Tennessee M. D. Williams 2 June 1977 V i K Taxonomic Index to Species Common Loon-.Gavta immer. 3:42.4:26,47,51. 5:6,14,26,65.6:7,14,26,37,49,70,92.8:6, 23,29.9:11,12.10:3,4,6,13,29,76.11:21, 103,104.12:72.13:24,61,71.15:28,29.20: 31,68.21:25,47,57.22:18,65,66,72.23:11, 26,52,53,69.24:15,35,41.25:28.26:58,60, 61.27:31.28:13,21,22,60,61,64.29:10,18, 28,29,30,52,58,59,69.30:21,33.31:15,30, 39,48,67,74.32:7,9,29,68.33:8,12,17,18, 28,36,50,67.34:12,29,30,36,50,71,72,73, 75,77,78,82.11:14,18,35,37,40,42,45,101, 103,104,105,111.36:8,9,11,42,62,65,71, 87,93,95,98,99.37:7,9,10.15,20,22,25,36, 64,80.82,84,85.38:18,19,21,22,31,50,53, 55,65,68,87,95,97,100,101.39 : 20, 21. 23, 31. 44. 65. 76. 91. M: 18, 19, 21, 24, 35, 45, 48, 75,76,77,92.^:7,21,24,36,42,45,69,83, 84.42:8,18,20,21,44,46,69,71,90,92,93. 43:5,11,18,26,28,45,52,55.59,70,78,99, 103.44:10,21,22.24,27.45,52,54,99,104. 45:11,21,23,25,45,77,79,92,101,102.46: 7.19.21.23.45.47.56.67.69.71.88.89.91. 47:17,20,23,39 ,45,47,49,77,79,90,99. * Red-throated 'Loon-.Gavia stellata . 21:57. 28:13,61.29:10,59,69,70.31:15,78.38:36. 4? : 46 , 92 , 93. 43 : 24 . 44 : 22 . 45 : 45 . 46 : 57. 47 : 54.89.90. * Red-necked Grehe -.Podioeps grisegna. 3:42. ^:9 .^.-10.;^: 75. 76.^: 18. Horned Grebe : Podtceps auritus. 3:42.4:15, 51.5:14,58,65.6:14,32,37,70.7:11,31.8: 7,15,19,29,61.4:12.10 : 3, 74. IT: 21.12 :J, 15,72.13:61,71,76.15759.17:77,69.14:2. 31.^: 15. 57. 22: 13,16,15,66,71.^:1, 9.24:77.^:18,44775.76.26:61.27 : 17, 18. 71778:10,61,64.29 : 7 , 10 , 15, 52 , 67 , 70 . ^: 11.70,21,24,34,65.31:17,18,30,67,74,78. 9, 29,42,68, 73. 3178, 17,18, 36,67. 34:8, 9 ,12,53,72, 77 ,78,51,82.^:14,19 ,35740, 42,101,103,104,105,111.36:8,9,11,18,19, 42.44,62,65,71,87,93,95747,98,99.37:6, 7.9.10,15,20,22,25,36,39,64,80,82754,85. 2, 18, 19 .21,22,47,50,55,66,87,93,95, 9 7 , 100 , 101 . ^ : 20 , 21 , 23 , 42 , 44 , 76 , 9 1 . 40 : 19,45,48,74,75,76,77,89.^:7,21,23,57, 83,84.42:7,18,20,37.43:5,11,26,45,48, 70,89,103.^:10,22,24727,45,50,52,54,99. 45:11,21,23,25,41,45,64,77,100.46:7,19, 71,44,45,47. 65, 67, 71, 75, 76. 47: 15720, 35, 45.47.49.90. * Eared Grehe -.Podioeps nigriaollis. 6:93.40: 74- 77 (Arkansas) .^:18. * Western Grehe -.Aechmophorus oooidentalis . 33:36.40 :54(Arkansas) . « : 10 , 64 . ^: 38 . PieH-bilTed Grehe -.Po.dilymbus podioeps . 1: 5.3:7,13,28,37,42.4:5,8,15,20,26,38,35. 5:6,8,26.29,42,58,60.64.6:7,12,14,26,34, 57,49,91,92.7:11,17,19,35,48,72,98.8:7, 14,15,41,50,76.9:7,12,15.28.46,67.10:3, 5,6,31,42,58,74,76.11:21,23.48,78,103. 12: 7, 17, 71, 72.^:19751,71. 14: 41, 73, 75. T5 : 18 , 21 , 28 , 69 , 77 , 78 . 16 : 597T7 : 64. 69 . 18 : 55 . 54 . 57 . ^: 2 , 3 , 21 , 66750 : ll7i:2 , 31 , 34T7T3 , 61.21 : 4, 15, 25, 57, 75. 22753,24, 45, 66. 23:1, 5,15726,52,69.24:13,17,35,77.25:18,55, 55,76.26:27,43758,51,61.27:4.15.19,31, 58,71.55:9,11,22,54,56,57,59,60,61,64. 29:8, 97T8 ,30,52,54,56,70.30:12,16,21.34, 57,64.31:17,18,30,67,74.3575,9,29,68.33: 8,14,17718,28,36,67.34:87X2,30,52,53.55, 72,75,77,78,81,82.35714,15,17,19,35.37, 39,40,42,45,104,1037111.36:7,8,11,12,18, 42,62,65,66,78.79,81,87,95,99.37:7,9,10. 22,25,29,36,54,55,64,80,82,84,53.38:18, 19,21,22,31,46,47,50,52,53,55.65,55,78, 87,94,95,97,100,101.39:20,23,31.34,42, 43,47,64,65,76,89,917^:19,21,24,26,35, 45,48,51,54,69,75,76,77,89,93.^:7,21, 36,42,57,70,84,87.42:7,18,37,69.74.43: 11,24,45.59,70,75,75,80,89.99.44:6,15, 14 , 22 , 45 . 50 , 84 , 99 , 101 . « : 11 . 14751 ,30,45, 58,75,102.46:7,25,56,65,66,87,89.47:20, 35.40,47,95798,101.102. * Harcourt’s Storm-Petrel -.Oaear.odroma aastro. ^:16,20?,23. * White Pelican : Pe erythrorhynahos . 2:23. 1:35,36.4:48.5:62.6:38,91.7:98.8:73.9:95. 11:76.12:36.58,71.15:55,56.16:33.20:68.^: 12.23:1.25:15.26:9.17. W: 18. 34:71.35:94. 39:10.^:21.;«:88.44:24.:^:66.^:6. * Brown Pelican-.Peleaanus oooidentalis. 1_:3S. 8: 82 , 87 .23 : 66 (Mississippi) . Double-crested Cormorant -.Phalaorocorax auri- tus. 2:4,24.1:7,13,16,29,42.4:4,5,13,14,15, 47,48.5:8.26,27,28,40,41,42,60,62,64,65.6: 7,17.26,37,52,91,92.7:2,3,11.8:7,19,40.41, 43,59.9:7,12,46,66,97.10:6,27,59,74,75.11: 21,76,103,104,116,117.12:7,24,32,34,71,72, 74.13:19,30,35,42,61.14:26,40,41,55,73,75. 15 : 28 , 77 . 16 : 59 . 17 : 23 , 64 , 69 . 18 : 54 . 57 . 19.: 21 , 66.20:31,34,41,61,68.21:4,25,58,75.^:45, 66.23:5,26,31,41,57,59,69.24:13,35,77,81. 28, 49, 54, 76.^: 26, 27, 61.^: 19, 31. 71. 28: 9,63,64.^:8,18,30,34,57.30:17,64.11:15. 32:29,68.33:8.18.34:53.35:40,101,103.111. 36:42,87,95,99.37:25,85.38:31,46,87,91,97. 39 : 20 , 42 , 76 , 9 1 . 40 : 21 , 48 , 9T. 41 : 21 , 41 , 45 , 83 . 42 : 7, 8, 18, 20, 43, 44, 46, 69, 71, 90, 93. «: 11, 22, 24, 26, 52, 59, 78, 89, 98, 101.^: 25, 99. 11, 21,23,45,77.46 : 7, 19, 21, 45, 64, 69, 71.^: 18. 35,47,74,77,90,99. * knhlnga-.Anhinga anhinga. 2:24.4:13,14,15,49. 5:26,28,62,65.6:17,91.7:44,67.8:43.10:27, 59,60.11:48,76,116.12:26,58,74.13:42.14: 41.17:7.18:25.20:42,68.22:2,12.^:41.25: 28.^: 9, 27.^: 9 .31:67.34:22.41:83. Great Blue Heron: Ardea herodias . 2:21,22.3: 7,13,27,28,29,35,42.4:4,5,13,14,15,21,38, 39,48.5:6,8,28,29,40,42,59,60,62,65.6:3, 7,17,26,49,52,91.7:3,11,26,44,54,67,70,71, 73.8:7,14,16,17,19,43,49,58,59,60,61,86.9: 7,14,64,66,67.10:3,6,12,27,42,55,59,61,74, 75.11:7,21,23,24,26,28,61,77,116.12:7,9, 12,18,21,26,32,73,74.13:16,19,30,35,42,49, 61,67.14:19,41,56,73.15:26,28,29,69.16:10, 12,34,44,47,58,59.64.17:7,23,64,69.18:12, 25,54,57,62.19:2,3,4,21,35,66.^:30,34,41, 42,61.21:14,25,58.^:1-8,12,14,24,28,47, 66.23:5,9,26,31,41,59,69.24:13,16,35,56, 77.25:21,28,34,76.^:26,27,49,51,60,61.27: 4,19,31,69 ,71.^:11,22,42,60,64.^:8,9,18, 30, 34, 52, 58, 70. 30: 8, 10, 11, 16, 17, 21, 64. n: 17,18,30,47,63,67,74.32:6,29,43,68,72.33: 10,17,18,28,67,73.34:12,22,30,53,75,77,78, 82,86,88.35:17,18,19,30,39,40,42,44,61,64, 65,66,109,111.36:7,8,9,10,11,12,42,44,62, 66,68,69,71,87,92,97,98,99.37:7,9,10,15, 20,22,25,29,35,36,53,54,55,60.^64,80,82,84, 85.38:2,13,18,19,21,22,31,46,47,50,52,53, 55, 66, 68, 87, 94, 9 7, 100, 101. :J9: 5, 20, 22, 23, 31, 42,43,63,65,76,89,91.^:19,21,35,45,48,51, 54 , 68 , 89 . ^: 7 , 21 , 24 , 36 , 42 , 46 , 57 , 66 , 69 , 84 . 8, 18, 20, 31, 37, 58, 86, 93. «: 11, 22, 26, 32, 45,59 ,74,85,89,98.^:8,10,13,22,25,27,31, 45,54,89,90,91,92,94,101.45:11,23,25,36, 45,55,58,59,63,79,101,102.^:7,19,45,56, 79 .^: 4, 10, 20, 23, 35, 47, 77, 82, 90, 101, 102. Green Heron-.Butorides striatus. 2: 22 . 3.: 13 . 4: 8,15,38.5:2,22,28,29,42,50.6:3,22,27,36,49, 61,91.1:3,6,34,45,46,49,53,67,68,100.8:22, 23,57,60,74,76,86.9:2,30,49,64,67.10:3,27, 32,42,43,47,60.11:54,78.12:32,35.13:30,33, 44,49.14:27.15:26,28.16:34,44.17:23.18:25. 19 : 5, 21, 35, 72.^:30,34. 21: 25, 58. 22: 1-8, 24, 27,65.66.23:5,26,52,55.24:35,56.25:12,21, 28,56,64,73,76.26 : 27, 48, 58, 59 ,61.^: 4, 32, 49 ,51,71.28:22,26,60.61.^:18,30,57.30:19 , 21,33.31:30,39,59,67.32:29,46.31:10,18,28. 34:12,22,30,50,53,56.66,72,74.35:39,42,45, 61,64,70,104,105.36:10,18,42,62,64,65,66, 71,76,77,78,79,80,81,95,98,99,107.37:20,22, 24,25,29,36,55,60,64,69,75,82,85,88.38:2, 13,31,47,50,52,53,55,95,97,99,100.39:31,34, 42,43,44,63,67,75,76,82,89,91.96.40:21,26, 35,44,45,48,89.41:36,42,56,57,66,69,84.42: 8,11,18,20,37,43,44,47,58,74,79,80,85.43: 24,43,45,50,59.44:10,25,45,52,85,86,89,93, 99.101,104.45:2,5,40,45,77,102.46:7,13,21. 23,25,56.66,67.69.47:4,18,20,23,47.76,77, 79,82,85,87,90. 1 Little Blue Yievoxx -.Florida caerulea. 2:21, 22. 1:35, 37. 4: 9, 15, 36, 38, 39, 48. 5; 28, 40, 42,45,59,60,62.1:27,49,51,91.7:44,54, 63,66,67,68,70,72,73,74,100.8:7,49,58, 60, 73, 86. i: 46, 64, 67, 95. 10: 3, 27, 56-58, 60,75.11:76,77,115.12:5,26,58.11:49,67. 14:52.15:28,55.16:44.18:25,62.19:21,72. 20:30,34.21:47,50,51,52.22:1-8,12,20, 28,45,47.23:1,5,25,45.24:34,35,60.25: 27,28.53,54,55.^:25,26,27,47,51.^:4, 32,50,52,67.28:8,22,43,59.60.29:18,30, 50,55.56,57.30:64.11:44,48,49.12:29,43, 46.33:47.49.51,74.34:53.35:30,31,35,45, 54,61,64,65,66,70.36:42,63,68,69,93,95. 37 : 15 , 20 , 36 , 39 , 53 , 54 , 59 , 60 , 82 . 38 : 31 . 46 , 47,50,65,66,97.31:31,34,41,42,43,49,50, 51,52,59,65,89,91.40:35,45,68,69,74,75, 76,77,89,92.^:36,56,58,66,69,70,72,84, 87.42:4,7,8,11,37,50,53,69,85,87,90,93. 43:11,22,26,32,45,50,59,67.74,78,98, 101.44:8,45,50,52,83.84,89.90,91,92,98, 99,101.45:45,55,75,77,100,101,102.46: 19,21,56,67,88,89.47:2,3,4,18,20,76,77, 82. Cattle -.Bubulcus ibis. 32:35.33:27. 28,48.34:52,71.15:31,35,39,54,70,123. 36:63,68,95.37:15,22,35,36,87.38:46,50, 94, 95. 12.: 31, 41, 42, 44, 49, 50, 51, 52, 55, 59, 63,64,65,88,89,90,91.^:48.^:1,36,58, 69.87. ^:18,37,44.49,50,51,52,53,67,69, 90.^:23,43,49,50,52.59,67,75,78,98, 101.44:22,25,45,50,52,83,92,93,98,99, 104.41:10,11,23,45,75,77,79,101,102.46: 56,64,66,67,88,89.47:2,4.16,17,18,20, 45,76,77,82,90,99,101. Great Egret : Casmerodius albus . 2:21,22, 24.3:13,27,29,35,37.4:8.13,14,15,36,38, 48.5:28,40,41.42,45,60,63.6:17,27,39, 49,51,91.7:37,44,54,63,67,70,72,73,99 . 8:30,43,49 .58,59 .60, 73,80,81,86.9 : 28, 46,64,69,95.10:27,56,57,59,72,75.11:21, 26,116.12:26,32,58,71,74.13:30,34,35, 41,48,67714:40,52.15:28,30,55.16:12,44. 17 : 7, 23. 1^25, 27, 62.19 : 21, 72. 20: 15, 30. 34 , 42 , 67 , 68 . n : 10 , 25 . 47 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 58 . 2^: 1-8,12,18,19,23,24,47,65,66,72.23:5,8, 9.26.41.45.55,59,68,69.24:15,35,56,59. 25:15,28.54,55.26:26,27,47,49,51,59,61. 27: 4, 18, 31, 50, 52, 67. 68, 69, 71. 28.: 7, 20, 22,45.21:18,30.34,57,58.31:15,44,48. 32:68.33:8,13,28,47.34:22,30,50,53. 35:30,35,45,54,61,66,70,101,104,111. 36:42,63,68,69,71,95.96,98.37:15, 20,22,36,53,54,82.38:31,46.47.50,66,68, 9 7.^:4,31,42,44,49,50,51,52,59,65.^: 35,44,45,48.68,70,92.41:36,42,45,56,58, 70 . 83 . 84 . 87 . ^ : 18 , 20 , 21 , 44 , 46 , 47 , 50 , 52 , 58,67,71,72,90,93.43:11,23,26,32,45,50, 52, 59. 75, 78, 101.44:8,22, 25, 32, 45, 49, 50, 52,86,89,90,92,99,101.45:11,14,23,45, 55,75,101,102.46:19 ,21,56,66,67,88,89. 47:4,20,23,45,47,77,79,90,101. Snowy Egret : Egretta thula. ^:22.4:14.^: 28.7:44,68.8:58,73.9:64,98.10:56,72.11: 48. 12 : 26, 58. 16 : 44. 18 : 62. 19; 72. n: 25, 47, 68.22:1-8,17.23:45.^:35,56.^:26,28. 26:25,27,47,48,59.^:31,67.^:29,30,50. 31:49,58,80.32:29,43.33:47.35:30,45,70. 36; 68. 41; 36. 42 .-37,67, 71, 74, 76, 87. 41: 43, 49,55,59,67,98.^:30,49,92,98,99,101. 75, 77.^: 18, 21, 66.^: 4, 74, 79. Louisiana Heron : //i/dranaesa tricolor . 19 : 71. 21: 1.11: 73.^; 15.^: 87.^: 67.^: 50. ^:86.^:18. Black-crowned Night Ideron-.Nyotioorax nyotiaorax. 1:13,30.4:13,14,15,21.5:28, 42.6:12,27,34,38,49,92.7:37,38,43,45, 100.8:24,43,76.9:6,7.10:3,4,27,59,60. 11:104,116.12:24,26,74.13:42.14:12,19, 37.15:34,35.16:34,47.18:12,25.19:12.21: 34.21:12,58.22:1-8,19,24,46,47.21:11,26, 41,53.24:15,35,56,74.25:12,21,27,28,34, 55,64,73,75,76.21:25,27,49,58,61.21:4, 17,18,31,32,71.28:10,60,64.21:18,30,34, 58,67,70.30:2,9,21,26,33,64.11:30,48,67, 74. 12 : 29, 68. H: 8, 17, 18, 28, 63, 67. 11: 30, 82.11:30,35,40,45,54,61,63.36:18,42,62, 63,71,84,87.12:20,22,36,74,80,88.18:13, 31,36,47,86,87,91.11:5,31,42,44,49,50, 52,59,63,65,91.40:35,45,48,68,70,89.^: 36,69,70,84,87.42:37,44,50,93.43:45,52, 59,78,101.44:45,52,58,86,89,91,92,98, 101.45:11,21,23,45,75,77,101,102,104.46: 7,18,21,56,64,66,67,87,88,89.^:4,17,20, 35.47.82.85.90.98.99.101. * Yellow-crowned Night 'Reron: Nyotanassa violaaea. 4:20.5:28,29,40,62.6:27,34,39, 53,91.7:67.8:16,42.10:27.12:24,34,58,60. 13:35.42,69.15:30.16:42.21:25.^:1-8,47. 23:1,9.24:35,56.25:21,27,28,54,55.26:18, 27, 47, 51. 27.: 4, 32, 50. 28: 22, 45. 29 : 18. 30, 56. n; 30. 22: 29, 42, 44. 33: 8, 28, 48, 51. 14:30, 51, 52,53,73.35:35,39,41,45,61,64.36:62,63, 64,69,71,95.37:20,22,36.54,59.38:31,46, 50,52,66,95,97.39:12,31,42.44,59,65.91. M: 33, 35, 45, 48, 68, 89.^: 36, 45, 56, 57, 69, 70,87.42 : 19. 37, 47, 67, 85. 93. 45, 50, 55, 75,78,98,99,101.44:22,27,45,52,54,84,86, 99,101.45:45,76,77,79,101,102.^:21,23, 56 , 65 . 66 , 67 , 69 . 88 , 89 . 47 ; 4 , 18 , 20 , 45 , 77 , 79 . 82.90.99.101. * Least ELttem-.Ixohryoh.us exilis. 2.:11.2:10, 13,28,30.4:20,39,47.5:26,29,42,60.6:23. 24,27,34,49,52,91.7:3,14,38,43,45,67,73. 8:21,31,37,59,87.9:28,46,67.10:27,31,58, 59.12:26,74.14:37,38,50.15:7,21.20:33,34. 21:25,52.22:24,45.21:26,66.25:22,28,54. 26:27,48.29:18,30.30:21,24.32:30,42,43, 44.33:59.34:20,22,28,30,62.11:45.36:63, 68, 71.11:27,29.18: 2, 3, 31, 50, 66, 68. 12.: 31, 34,44,53-58,63,65,91.40:48,70.41:36,45, 59,69,70.42:35,37,46,67,69,71,74,92,93. 41:50,52,75,78.44:52,86,101,104.45:77, 102.46:21,26,56,66,67,88,89.47:76,77,82, 90,99. * American ELttern-.Botaurus lentiginosus . 3: 13,27.4:15,21.5:29,65.6:17,18,22,24,27, 34,39,49.7:3,14,37,43,47.8:40,41.9:7.10- 27,31,32,75.11:103,113.12:26,36.15:21,32. 17:27.18:25.19:21,35.20:11,12,34.^:4,25, 58,75,77.^:24,66.^:2,8,9,26.^:15, 35. 25:22,28,54,55.26:27.22:4,32,53.28:22.29: 18,30 M: 21. 31: 74.^; 30, 42, 43. 33: 2, 7, 12, 28,48.34:8,30,66,71.35:35,42,45,96,104, 105. 36:63,92.^:20,22,25,27,29,35,36,82. M: 31, 46, 47, 50, 55, 66, 9 7. 39 : 20, 31, 34, 44, 47 , 65 , 92 . 40 : 35 , 45 , 48 , 70 . ^: 36 , 42 , 45 , 70 , 87. 42: 20, 37, 46, 69, 71, 90, 93.^:24,45,50, 52,55,75,103.^:22,25,45,50,52,86,99,101. 45:21,23,45,76,77.^:19,21,45,56,66,67, 88.^:45,47,75,76,77,90,99. * Wood EtorLi -.My oteria americana. 2^: 22 . ^: 35 . 4 : 36,47,48,50.5:42,60,62.6:91.7:67.8:41,50, 58,73.9:1,64,95.10:56,57.^:58.15:28,55, 76.16:44,65.18:62.20:69.22:45.23:2.25:15. 26 : 43, 47. 27 : 67. n: 44.^: 71.^: 82.^: 79. * Glossy TbLs -.Plegadis falainellus . 3:28.12: 58.16:^^-28:26.39:15,49,50,51,92.^:53. , 37, 40, 71, 87.^: 92.^: 21.^; 4, 20, 99. * White-faced TbLs -.Plegadis ohihi . 12:3.16: 44.39:92.43:61. * White TbLs -.Eudoaimus albus. 6:68.20:50.23: 2, 46. 27: 67.^:58.33:51. 42: 58, 72.^: 86, 101.M.:21. * Roseate Spoonbill :ylja'£a ajaja. 43:67. * Mute S\aan-.Cygnus olor . 41:45.59.43:61. * Whistling Swan:07or oolumbianus . ^:41.6:21, 27.9:97.14:80.30:56.35:16.39:13,16,20.41: 21, 42. 33. «: 23, 24, 26. 44: 25, 52.^: 11, 21, 23,76,93.46:45.47:45,47. * Trumpeter Swan;07or buccinator . 11:61.43:61. * Hawaiian Goose -.Branta sandvicensis . 45 : 18 (captive birds). Canada Goose -.Branta canadensis (Those page numbers followed by "H" refer also to the subspecies, B. a. hutchinsii) . 3:7,42,48. 4:5,48.5:8.6:3,28,49,78,79,80,91,94. 7:11, 20,31,46,88,98,99.8:7,19,61,74,80.9:7.10: 4,6,12,75.11:21,27,104.12:7,18.13:19,44, 61,63,71.14:73,75.15:2,69.16:47,59,60.18: 57.19:2,66,73.^:19,31,61.21:1-3,4,14,15, 52,58.22:13,18,66.23:11,40,57,59,69.^:13, 15,18,77,80,81.25:28,75,76.26:49,59,61.^: 4,18,50,69,71.28:8,9,10,11,22,32,39,60,64. 2 29 : 8. 18, 70. M: 11, 16, 21, 25, 33, 54, 64. 31: 18, 30, 47, 52, 68, 71H, 7411,80.32.: 5, 9, 30, 35, 36, 68H. 33: 8, 12, 18, 20, 28, 49, 67H. 34:8,11, 12,30,35,50,72,73,75, 76,77, 78, 82H, 89, 93, 95. 21: 40, 45, 101, 103, 104, lllH, 115. M: 7, 8, 9,18,19,21,42,64,65,71,87,91,92,93,95, 96, 97, 99. 3Z: 2, 7, 20, 22, 36, 64, 67, 68, 80, 82. 38:19,21,22,31,46,47,50,52,87,94,95,97, 100,101.39:16,20,21,28,31,42,44,65,67, 76,85,90,92,96.^:18,19,21,35,45,48,54, 61,62,68,70,89,92.41:7,21,24,36,42,46, 60,61,69,84,87.42:8,19,20,37,69,91,94. 42:11,18,23,24,26,44,45,52,59,70,75,76, 78,101.44:10,17,21,25,45,54,56,59,99, 102.^:11,21,23,45,64.46:7,21,45,56.^: 20.23.35.49.90. * Brant:Sranta herniola. 26:9.30:54.37:12(5. b . nigricans) . 40.: 61 . ^: 9 3 . 46 : 21,45. * Barnacle Goose -.Branta leuoopsis . 40:62.41: 60.^:45. * White-fronted Goose-.Anser albifrons. 16:10. 32:35.33:20.39 : 44. 40: 61.^: 21, 42, 45. 42: 19. 43: 23, 50.;^: 25, 102. 46: 6, 7, 21, 45, 71. ^:45. Snow Goose: Chen oaerulesoens (Those page numbers followed by a "W" refer to the white morph only; those followed by a "B" refer only to the dark morph, "Blue Goose," the remaining numbers refer to both color morphs). 2 : 16B . 2: 7W. 4 : 48 , 49 . 5:26B,38,65B,66W,67.6:49B,80,91.7:23B, 37B,48W,67B,87W,88,103B.8:19W,36W,73,74, 76W,80.i:18B,14W,28,29W,96B.10:74.1i: 113B.12:18B,71.13:54,61,63W,67,71W.14: 62B,73.15:18B.16 : 10. 18:62.19 :72W,73W. 20: 61, 64, 69B. 21 : 4, 13, 52B, 68. 22: 66, 71, 72. 23: 40,57,69.24:77W.25:13,17B,76W.26:10B, 61B.27:4B,17,18W.28:9B,10,11B,61B.29 :8W, 18,52W.30 :55B,56W,62B,64B.31:29B,30B,43, 44B,68,71W,74.32:5B,7B,8B,9B,30B,41W, 68B . 33 : 8B , 12 , 13B , 28B , 45 , 46B , 6 7W . 34 : 8B , 12B,53B,82W.35:31W,39W,44W,45W,101,111, 115W.36 :21,42,87,92W,95,96W.3I:7W,36W, 64W,68W,80B,82,83W.M :19,21W,30B,31B,46, 87B,94,95,97,99B.39 :16B,20,21,31,34B, 42B,43W,44,76,82B,90B,92B.40 :19B,21W, 35B , 54 , 61 , 75B , 76B , 77B , 89B , 92B . 41 : 7 , lOB , 21B,42,45B,84,87.42:8,11B,19,91W,92.43: 11,23,24B,26,50B,99B,101.44:10,13,25, 59B,99W,100,102B.45:11,14,15,21,23,45, 46 , 9 3 . 46 : 7 , 19W , 21 , 45 . ^: 18W , 35 , 38B , 39B , 47,89B,90B. * Egyptian Goose -.Alopoohen aegyptiaous. 35 : 115.36:87,92,97.37:36.38:21.39:31,76.44: 10. * Toulouse Goose: 34: 35 (a domesticated goose). * Fulvous Whistling-Duck : PendroGj/pwa biaolor. 22:51.23:56.36:52,104.38:60.39:16.42:19. 41:52.^:76. Mallard :/lnas platyrhynahos . 2:4,24.3:7,42, 48.4:5,26,48,51.5:6,8,11,14,37,38,58,64, 65.4:3,7,12,28,91,92.7:11,19,31,48,67, 99, 100. 8 : 7. 19, 28, 74. i: 7, 12, 15, 95. 10: 3, 6, 7,14,74.11:6,7,21,27,103,104.12:7,9,15, 71,72.13:16,19,53,61,63,71,76.14:13,73. 15:30,69,71.16:34,59.17:64,69.18:14,54, 57.19 : 2, 3, 66. 20: 31, 34,61.21:15, 58, 75. 22: 18 , 19 , 66 . 23 : 14 , 39 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 69 , 72 . ^: 13 , 16,17,35,77,80,81.25:18,28,74,75,76.^: 27,59,61.22:4,19,32,68,69,71.28:9,10,11, 14,22,32,60,64.21:10,19,53,58,70.30:8, II, 16,21,25,33,58,64.11:18,30,39,44,50, 54,62,63,64,68,74.32:7,9,30,68.33:8,18, 28,51,67.34:9,11,12,22,30,37,53,77,78, 82.35:14,17,18,19,31,42,45,103,104,105, III. 36:7,9,10,12,18,21,42,43,63,64,66, 68,71,87,93,97,98,99.11:7,9,10,22,25,27, 29,36,54,56,64,80,82,85.38:2,18,19,21, 22,30,31,46,47,50,53,55,66,87,94,95,97, 100,101.19:4,16,20,21,22,23,31,42,44,47, 64 . 65 . 76 . 90 . ^ : 19 , 21 , 24 , 35 , 45 , 48 , 51 , 54 , 75,76,77,89.^:7,21,24,36,42,87.^:8,19, 20, 37. «: 11, 28, 43, 44, 45, 52, 70, 76, 78.^: 10,17,22,25,45,50,52,86.41:2,5,11,23,45, 102.46:7,11,56,67,80.47:4,35,82,90. Black T>o.ch:Anas rubripes. 1:4.1:7,42,48.4: 5,51.5:8,38,64,65.6:7,12,14,28,91,92.7: 11,31,48,100.8:7,19,28,36,74.9:7,67,95. 10:6,14,74.11:6,7,21,27,104,113.12:7,9, 17,18,71,72.13:16,19,61.14:73.15:69.16: 59.12:64,69.18:25,54,57.19 : 2, 3, 67. 20 : 31 33,34,61.21:4,15,58,75.22:18,66.23:2,14, 57,59,69.24:13,17,77.25:18,75,76.26:61. 27:4,71.28 :9 ,10,11,14,22,60,64.29:10,19, 30,53,70.30:11,16,58,64.31:18,30,44,54, 68,72,74.32:7,9,30,68.33:8,18,49,67.34: 9,11,12,30,53,77,78,82.35:14,17,18,19, 42,45,101,103,104,105,111.36:9,11,12,18, 42,52,63,65,68,87,93,99.37:7,9,10,22,25, 36, 54, 64, 82, 84, 85. M: 2, 18, 19 ,21,22,31, 46,47,50,53,87,94,95,97,100,101.39:21, 23,31,42,44,47,65,76,90,92.40:19,21,35, 45,48,51,89,93.41:7,21,24,36,42,46,70, 87.42:8,19 ,20, 21, 37, 48, 69, 92, 94,95. «: 11,18,28,45,52,70,76,78,99,101,103.44: 10,22,25,45,49,52.45:11,21,23,25,76,77, 102.46:7,19,24,56.41:20,23,35,90,99. Gadwall:4was strepera. 4 : 5 , 51 . 5. : 8 , 14 , 26 , 64 , 65.6:28,92.7:11,31.8:15,19,23,28,74.9:7, 12.10:6.11:21.12:8,17.13:19,53,61.14:73. 15:66,69.16:12,59.18:57.19 : 2, 3, 67.^: 31, 61,68.21:58,75.23:12,69,72.24:14,77.25: 28,75,76.26 : 27, 59 ,61.27:4,71.28:9 ,14,61, 63,64.29:19,57,70.30:11,16,21,64.11:30, 68,74.32:9,30,68.33:9,18,67.34:12,50,78, 82.35:14,19,35,37,42,45,103,104,105,111. 11:7,9,12,18,42,63,71,81,91,95,98,99.11: 7,10,20,22,25,36,64,80,82,85.38:19,21, 22,31,46,47,50,55,87,95,97,101.39:20,21, 23,43,44,76^,89 ,90,92.40:18,19,21,48,51, 54 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 89 . 41 : 7 , 36 , 42 , 46 , 69 , 84 . 42 : 8 , 19,20,21,92,94,95.41:11,18,24,26,50,52, 70,101.44:10,17,22,25,45,50,100.41:11, 25,76.46 : 7, 45, 47, 67. 47: 20, 35, 40, 49 ,76, 77,90,101. Pintail : /Inas acuta. 1:42,48.4:48,51.5:8,11, 14,38,65.6:12,28,49 ,91,92.7:11,19 .8:7, 19,74.9:12,95,97.10:3,58.11:21,27,61.12: 7,15,17.13:19,53,61,67.14:12,13,67,73. 17:69.18:58.19:2,3,67.20:31,61.21:4,15, 58.22:19,66.23:14,39,57,59,69.24:13,16, 77.25:75,76.26:59,61.27:4,32,71.28:9,10, 11,14,61,63,64.29:19,53,70.30:16,64.31. 18,44,68,74.32:9,68.33:9,12,18,49,67.34: 13,53,72, 79 ,82.35:14,35,103,111.36:7,9, 42,63,87,91,95,99.37:7,10,22,64,80,82, 85.38:2,19,46,50,87,94,95,97,102.19 : 20, 31,42,44,76,90,92.40:19,21,48,51,54,75, 76,77.41:7,21,42,46,84.^:8,19 ,20,21,94. 43:11.16,23,26,45,70,101.44:10,25.45:11, 14, 21, 25.^: 7, 21, 45. 47: 18, 20, 35, 39, 49 , 90. Green-winged Teal: Anas orecca. 3.:42,48.4: 51.1:8,14,38,65.6:28,91,92.7:11,31,73.8: 7,19,28,41,74.9:7.10:3,6,74.11:21,22,61, 104.12:7,15,72.13:53.14:73.15:69.18:57. 19 : 2, 3. 20: 31, 61. 21: 4, 82. 22: 66. 23: 59,69 . 24:77.25:76.26:27,48,61.27:4,71.28:9,10, 14, 22, 64. 2£: 9, 19, 56, 70. 30: 9, 16, 64. 31: 18, 39,68,74.12:68.11:9,18,48,67.34:82,89. 35:37,42,103,105,111.36:7,9,42,63,65,68, 87,95,98.37:6,7,22,64,68,80,82,85.38:2, 19,46,50,53,55,66,87,94,95,97,102.39:21, 31,34,42,44,76,89.40:19,22,35,48,51,75, 76,77.41:7,21,42,84.42:8,19 ,20, 91, 92. «: 11,18,23,26,28,50,52.44:10,27,31.41:11, 23,25,79,94.46:7,19,21,24,45,47,66,67. 41:20,35,49,77,79,90. Blue-winged Teal:-4was discors. 3:13,42,48. 4:22,39,48.5:8,10,26,38,45,62,64.6:12, 17,22,28,34,37,52,91.7:11,31,43,48,67, 70,72,73,98,102.8:7,22,23,28,41,58,74.9: 64,95.10:6,32,57,74.11:21,27,78,104,112. 12:8,24,26,36,38,58,72.11:19,53,61,67, 76.14:12,27,41,52.15:21,30,32,55,66.16: 12,34,44.17:23,27.18:25,57,62.19:67.20: 31,34.21:4,25,58.^:24,66.23:26,52,55, 59,69.^:16,17,35,60,77.25:19,22,27,28, 33,53,76.21:27,47,48,61.27:4,19,32,51, 52,67,68.28:9 ,42,60,61.29 : 19, 30, 53, 54, 3 56,57,59.311:9,11,21,31,37,38,64.31:18, 30,44,54,63,64,68,72,74.32:30,42,68.33: 9,15,28,49,50,51,55,67.34:10,11,13,30, 53,72, 79 .35: 37,39,40,42,45,63,64,65, 101,105,111.36:18,42,52,63,64,65,66,67, 68,71,92,95,99.31:22,25,27,29,36,53,54, 56,64,80,83,85.38:2,19,31,46,47,50,52. 53,55,66,87,94,95,97,100.39:31.34,42, 44,64,65,76,89.90,92.40:35,45,48,51,75, 76 . 7 7, 78,89 .^: 36, 41, 42, 69 ,84.^: 8, 20, 37, 43, 67, 74, 87. 9 1, 92, 94. «: 11, 24, 26. 43, 45,50,52,67,75, 76. 78, 99, 103.:^: 14, 45, 50. 8 3, 84, 86, 102, 104. 11, 45, 47, 94, 101, 102.^:7,21,24,26,56,88,89.^:6,20,35, 41,45.47,49,77.82,90,99,101. Cinnamon Teal;/lwas ayanoptera. 43:67.45 : 94 . European Wigeon : 4?ias penelope . 15:14.38: 53 (Virginia) . American Wigeon:/lnas amerioana. 1:37.4:5, 51.5:11,38,64.6:28,39.52.7:31,48.8:7, 15,19.23,28,74.9:12.11:4,6.11:21.27, 104 . 12 : 7 , 15 , 71 . 13 : 61 , 71 . M : 13 . 11: 35 . 69 . 18:57.19 : 2, 3. 67. 21: 31, 34, 68. 21: 4, 15, 58, 82.22:18,19,24,66.^:13,26.59.69.24:17, 35,7 7.21:18,28,75.76.^:27,61.21:19,52, 71.21:14,22,46,60,61,64.21:19,53,57,70. 31:11.16,21,33,64.31:14,18,30,68,74.32: 30,68.33:9,12,18,28,49,67.34:13,30,37, 50,53,76,78,82.35:14,17,19.35,37,40,42, 101,103,104,105,111.36:7,8,9,11,12,17, 18,42,52,63,65,71,87,95,98,99.37:7,10, 20,22,25,36.40,64,80,83,84.38:19,21,22, 31,46.47,50.53,55,87,94,95,97.100,102. 29.: 20. 21, 23, 31, 42, 44, 63, 65, 76, 89 ,90,92. 18 , 19 , 22 , 45 , 48 , 51 , 54 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 89 . 41: 7,21,42,46,84.^:8,19,20,21,37,91,95. «: 11, 24, 26, 28, 52, 70, 76,99,103.^:10, 17, 21, 25, 30, 45, 49. 50, 100, 104. :15: 11, 21, 45,102.16:7.24,56,89.47:20,35,47,77.79. Northern Shoveler : >4nas alypeata. 3.:42,48. 5:26,38,58.6:12,14,28,34,37,39,49,92.7: 31,37.8:15,19,74.9:7.10:6.11:21.12:15. 36,53,61.15:35,58,69.16:64.17:27.64.18: 57.19 : 6 7. M: 31, 61.^:5,13,58.22:45,66. 23:39,52,69.24:14,16,35,77.25:22,76.26: 27.61.^:4,19,51,72.^:10,13,61.^:19, 53, 57, 70. 30 : 16, 33, 64. n: 18, 68, 74. 32: 30, 68.33:9 ,15,18,28,49 ,67. 34:13,30,79,82, 89.35:111.36:7,8,17,18,42,63,65,71,87, 95,97.37:6,7,20,22,25,64,80,83.38:2,18, 19,31,46,48,50,55,68,87,94,95,97,100, 102.31:20,21,31,42,44,76,89.40:18,22, 35,48,54,55, 75,76,77,78,89,92.^:7,22, 36, 42, 46, 84, 89.^:8,19,21, 37, 69, 9 1,92. 11, 26, 43, 45, 52, 55, 70, 98. 99. 101, 103. 10, 25, 2 7, 30, 32, 45, 49, 52, 54, 104. 45: 11,23,79,94.41:7,45,70.47:20,23,35,49, 77,79,90. Wood Duck:/lix sponsa . 3. : 7 , 13 . 4 : 48 . 5 : 8 , 38 , 40, 42, 59, 64, 65. 6.: 7. 18, 22, 28, 49, 51, 71, 91.2:11,47,54,67,70,103.8:7,18,50,58, 60,74.1:7,14,46,64,95,97.10:6,12,27, 28,41,58,60,61,74.11:21,22,27,54,104. 12:8.24,32,35,58,71.13:32,34,53,61.14: 51,73.11:21,55.16:12,59.17:21,23.18: 25.19:5,67.20:31,34,61.21:24,50,51,58. 22:19,24,45,66.21:5,26,53.69.24:35.56, 77.25:18,22,28,56.76.26:26,27.48,49, 60,61.22:4,19,30,32.21:9 ,14,19,21,22, 43,61.22:10,19,30,57,59.11:11,21,58, 64.11:18,30,54,68,72,74,80.12:6,9,68. 11:17, 18,28,49 ,55,65,67, 73.14:13,22, 30,75,76,79,82,88.15:37,42,45,103,104, 105,111.36:7,9,42,64,66,67,68,69,71, 87,92,95,97,99 .12:7,20,22,24,25,36,40, 53,54,56,64,83,84,85.38:19,22,31,46, 48,52,53,55,66,67,68.87,94,97,102.12: 4,5,31,34,42,47,64,67,76,81,90,92.40: 14,22,35,45,51,75,76,77,89,92.41:7,22, 36,42,46,56,69,89.42:8,19,37,44,58,69, 74,85,94.41:5,11,18,43,45,52,56,70,85, 88,98,101.103.44:8,10,13,14,43.45,50, 102.45:2,11,40,41,45.76.44:7,21,45,47, 56,67,78,80.42:4,20,35,82,84,85,90. Redhead : amerioana. 1:42.4:51.1: 37,58.4:29.1:19,28,74.11:103.13:19,53, 61.14:73.12:2,67.20:31.21:13,15,59.22: 15,18,65,66,71.21:26.69.24:17.25:19. 76.26:61.27:30,32,72.28:10,13,60,64.29: 8,19 ,53,57,70.12:9 ,11,64.31:14,18,29,30, 74.12:5,9,68.11:9,17,18,28,49,64,65,67. 14:13,30,53,72,79.81,82.35:14,19,35,42, 45,101.103,105,108,111.36:7,8,9,10,11, 12,18,42,63,65,68,71,87,99.12:7,10,20, 22,25,64,83.12:18,19,22,46,48,55,86,87, 94,95,97,102.39 : 20, 21, 23, 44, 76, 89. 40: 20, 22,44,45.48,75,76,77,89.41:7,22,36,42, 46.42:8,19.20,37,44.43:11,24,26,28,70. 44:10,21,25,50,52,54.41:11,25,45.46:7, 10,19,21,47,67.47:35,41,47,90. Ring-necked Vmck-.Aythya oollaris. 2:4.1: 7,42,48.4:5,15,51.5:8,11,14,37,58,65.6: 7,12,14.29,37,92.2:11,19,31,99.8:7,19, 28,74.2:7,12,13.10:5,6,9,13,32,74.11:6, 21,27.12:7,9,38.12:16,19,53,61,71.14:13, 73.15:69.16:12,59.17:64,69.18:54,57.11: 2,67.22:31,61.68.21:15,25,59,75,81,82. 22:18,66.23:12,14,26,59,69,72.24:17.35, 77.25:19,75,77.26:27,59.61.27:4,19,30, 32,72.28:9,22,43,46,60,61,64.22:10.19, 28,30.53,70.12:16,21,33,64.11:14,18,30, 68,74.12:9,30,43,68.33:9,17,18,28,67.14: 30 , 53 , 79 , 82 . 15. : 14 , 17 , 19 , 37 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 45 , 61.101,103,104,105,108.111.12:9,12,18, 42,63,65,71,87,95,99.12:6,7,10,20,22,25, 36,64,80,85.11:2,18,19 ,21,22,31,46,48, 50,53,55,87,94,95.97,102.12:20,21.23,31, 44,47,65,76,89,90,92.42:20,22,45.48,51, 54,75,76,77,78,89 ,93.41:7,22,24,36,42. 46,84,89.42:8,19,21,37,69.92,94,95.41:5, 11,45,76,80,101,103.44:10,14,21,22,27, 45,50,54,99,104.45:11.45.46:7,24,45,56, 70,88.47:23,35,76,79,90,99. CanMashacV.-. Ay thy a valisineria. 1:42.4:5, 51.5:8,14,26,37.6:7,18,29,92.7:11,19, 24. 1:7, 28. 2; 7, 12, 13. 10: 4, 6. 11 .-6,21,27, 103.12:7,38.11:19,53,61,71.14:73.14:59. 12:64,69.11:12.19:2,67,70.20:31,61.21: 15,59,75.22:15,19,66,69.24:14.15,17,77. 25:77.26:59,61.27:57,71,72.28:60,63,64. 22:10,19 ,53,70.10:11,16,33,64.11:12,14, 17,18,68,74.12:9,29,30,68.11:9,18,48,49, 67.14:13,72,77.79,82,89.11:14,19,40,42, 101,103,111.16:7,8,9,12,18.42,63,66,87, 94,95,99.17:6,7,9,10,20,64,80.18:18,19, 48,50,87,94,97.12:20,21,23,44,47,76,89. 40:20,22,45,48,75,76,77.41:7,22,42,46. 42:8,19,22.41:11,16,26,70.44:10,21,25, 27,45,50,52,54.44:11.21,23,77.42:7,10, 45,67.41:14,35,41,47,49,76,90,99. Greater Scanp : Ay thy a marila. 6:49.8:23.21: 59.26:10,58,59,61.28:10,13,61,65,67.22: 10,19.31:50,68,71,72,74,80.12:5,42,68. 11:9,13,27,28,48,55.14:79,81,82.15:17,42. 16:8,42,65.66,87.12:7.18:19 ,31,36,43, 87,91,97.12:20,21,44,75,76,81.40:22,48, 62.41:7,35,36.45.42:8,20,36,37,46.43:5, 11,24,26,28,55,72.44:10,16,21,25,52.44: 23,25,77.46:7,45,67.47:34,35,47,77,90, 101. Lesser Scaxxp : Ay thya affinis. 2..- 4 . 1: 7 , 12 , 13 , 27,37,42,48.4:5,15,48.51.5:8,11,14,26,37, 38,58,60,65.6:7,12,14,17,29,37,91,92.7: 11.19,24,31,48,99.8:7.17,19,86.2:7,12,13, 64,95,96.10:3,6,14,29,32,74.11:6,21,27, 103.12:7,36,38.13:16,19,53.61,71.14:13, 73.14:69.16:12,34,59.17:23,64,69.18:54. 12:2,67.20:31,34,61,68.21:5,14,25,59,75, 81,82.22:18,19,24,66.21:12,13,26,39,69. 24:13,14,16,17.34,35,77.25:18,28,74,77. 26:27,43,59,61.22:4,32,72.28:10,11,12,22, 60,61,65.29:19,30,53,57,70.30:11,16,21, 25,33,37,64.31:14,18,30,46,50,54,68,74. 12:9,30.68.11:9,17,28,55,67.34:9,13,22, 30,37,50,53,76,77,79,82.35:14,19,35,37, 39,40.45,66,101,103,104,105,111.11:8,9, 11,12,17,18,42,68,69,71,87.92,93,95,98, 99.32:6,7,9,10,15,20,22,24,25,36,56,64, 80,83,84.38:19,22,31,42,43,46,48,50,53, 55,66,87,94,95,97,100,102.39:20,21,23,31, 42,44,65,67,76,81,92,96.41:20,22,24,35, 45,48,51,70,75,76,77,78,89,93.41:7,22,24, 36,41,42,46,70,84,89.42:8.19,37.43:11,28, 45,52,76,99,101.44:10,22,45,50.41:11,45. 41:7,21,56,87.47:34,35,47,74,77,79,90. 4 Common Goldeneye -.Bucephala clangula. 3^:7, 42.4:5,48,51.5:8,14,37,38,58,65.6:7,14, 29,37,49.7:11,24.8:7.9:7,12.10:6,31,32, 74.11:6,7,21,27,104.12:7,15.13:16.16: 59.17:21,64.18:25,33,5 7.11:2,67.^:31, 61.21:15,59,75.22:19,66.23:69,73.24:77. 21:18,77.26:61.27:72.18:61.^:8,10,19, 70. M: 9, 11, 16, 64. 31: 14, 15, 18, 68, 74. 32: 5,9,68.33:9,18,49,67.34:13,37,53,72,77, 79,81,82.15:14,17,19,36,42,45,103,105. 111.11:8,9,11,12,18,42,63,65,69,71,84, 87,91,95,99.37:6,7,9,10,25,56,64,80,85. 38:18,19,21,22,31,46,48,50,55,87,94,95, 98,100,102.39:20,21,23,42,45,47,76,81. 92.40:18,20,22,24,45,48,51.41:7,22,24, 36,42,46.83.42:8,11,19,20,44,71.43:11, 16,23,24,26,45.44:10,25,27,54.45:11,21, 23,25,40.46:7,11,45,56.^:35. * Barrow's Goldeneye -.Bucephala islandioa. 11:5. Buff lehead : Bwcep^a 7a albeola. 4:5,26,51.5: 8,14,26,37,65.6:7,14,29.7:11,37.8:15, 28.9:12.97.10:6,32,33,74.11:21,27.11:7. 13:19,53,61.14:13,73.16:59.11:69.18:58. 19:2,67.20:31.21:13,15,59,75.22:19,66. 23:2,13,59,69.24:13,17,77.25:18,28,77. 26:61.27:4,72.28:61,65.29:19,53,57,70. 30:9,16,21,33,64.31:18,68,74.^:9 ,68. 33:9,18,22,48,67,76.14:13,53,71,72,77, 79 ,81,82.35:14,17,18,19,36.37,40,41,42, 45,101,103,104,105,112.36:7,8,9,11.12, 18,42,63,65,66,71,87,93,95,98,99.37:8, 9,10.20,22,24,25,36,56,64,80,83,85.38: 18,19,21,22,31,46,48,50,53,55,87,94,95, 98,100,102.39:20,21,23,31,42,45,47,65, 67,76,92.40:18,20,22,24.35,45,48,51,54, 75,76,77,93.^:7,22,24,36,42,46,68,72, 89. «: 8, 19, 20, 22, 37, 44. 72. «: 5, 11, 26, 28,45,50,52,70,78,80,103.^:8,10,22,25, 27 . 45 . 50 . 52 . 54 . 104 . « : 11 , 23 , 40 , 45 , 63 , 76. 79. 104. M.: 7, 24, 45. 56, 66, 70, 91. 47: 23, 35,47,90,102. Oldsquaw : CZawg'M 7a hyemalis . 1. : 17 . ^ : 4 . 3 : 42 . 4:21.6:29.9:6,7.10:6,13.11:21,103.14: 73,75.11:26.19:70.22:13,18,19,28.^:2, 10.25:16,18.26:10.27:77,81.^:19,50,53. 30:33.31:45,75,78.32:5.7,9,10,42.33:9, 13,15,18,48.34:13,79.35:14,16,19,42.36: 7, 42, 65, 87. IZ: 8, 9. 38: 18. 19, 21, 48. 39: 21, 23,45.40:48,62,78.41:5,7,10,22,42.42:5, 8,11,19.43.46.:«:5,14,23.26,50,70.^: 15, 22, 25, 52.^:10,11, 21, 23, 25, 41. 16: 44, 47,71.47:16,18,35,39,44,45,46,47,49. * King Y^ldex : Somateria spectabiHs . kl :14. * White-winged Scoter -.Melanitta deglandi. 6: 29.20:68.21:17.26:10.22:9,10,19.35:42. 37:10.18:19 ,50.39 : 20, 21, 23, 45. 40: 22, 51, 78.41:11,22,42,45.42:5,20.43:26,99.46: 71.47:35,39,47,49. * Surf Scoter -.Melanitta perspioillata. 22.: 33.27:57,78.32:17.34:9.38:16.^:20,78. 42:19.43:26.45:21,23.46:47,71,79.47:18, 35,39,40,46,47,49. * Black Scoter -.Melanitta nigra. 16:64.40:78. 41:1,21. Ruddy Duck : Oxz/Mra jamaicensis. 1:42. ^:7, 12,29,39,92.7:11,19,31.8:15,28,74.9:7, 12,97.11:6,9,74.11:21.12:8,72.11:53,61. 14:73.16:59.17:21,27,69.18:61.20:31,61. 21:59.22:18,66, 71.21:12,69.24:36,77.21: 77.26:25,26,27,61.27:57,72.21:10,13,22, 63,65.29 : 19 ,28,30,53,57,70.10 :9, 21, 25, 33 , 64 . 11 : 68 , 75 . 12 : 65 , 68 . 33 : 9 , 17 .11: 13 , 30,51,81,82.11:36,39,42,45,101,103,112. 16:7,8,18,42,63,87,91,93,95,99.17:20, 22,25,36,64,80,83,85.11:16,18,20,31,46, 48,50,87,94,98,102.11:21,23,31,45,47, 76,89,92.11:22,24,54,75,76,77,78,89.11: 7,22.41.42,84.12:8,19,20,37,43,69,91. 11:5,11,23,24,26,45.49.52.55,70,98.41: 10,21,25,27,45,50,52,100.45:11,45,46, 47,79.16:7,19,56,67.11:18,35.49,76,79, 90,100. * Masked Duck : Oajz/Mra dominica. 45:47. Hooded Merganser -. Lophodytes auaullatus . 3 : 13.1:51.5:8,14,26,27,38,65.6:7,29,49, 91.2:11.8:7,40,74.1:7,12,97.10:3,6,28, 74. 11: 21, 22, 27, 61?, 104. 12: 7. 9, 17, 36, 72. 13:19 .61,71.14:16,41,51,73.15:69.17:21. 18:54.19:2,3,67.20:31.34.21:15,59,75. 22:18,19,66.23:59,69.24:17,77.25:75,77. 26:59,61.27:4.52,72.28:61,65.29:19,28. 30,53.57,70.30:11,16,21,33,64.31:18.30, 68,75,78.32:9.30,6 7,68.33:9.18,28.49 . 65, 67. 2A: 13, 30. 37, 53, 72, 77, 79. 82. 15: 14, 17,18,19,42,45.101.103,104,105.112.36: 8,9,11,18,21,42,63.65,66,71,87,93.95. 98.99.37:8,9,10,22,25,36,64,83,84,85. 38:20.21,22.31,46,48,50.53,87.94,95.98, 102.39:21,23,43.45,47,76,92.40:20,22. 24,35,45,48,54,75,76,77,89.41:7,22,24, 36,42.46,69,84.42:8,19,22.43:11,23,24, 26,45,53,55,56,85.44:8.10,21,22.25,45. 54 . ^: 11 . 25 , 45 , 79 , 102 . ^ : 7 , 26 . 47 , 56 , 89 . 41:4,35,77,82,90,100. Common Merganser : merganser. 4:5, 47.5:65.6:14,30,19.24.7:31.8:15,19,28, 41.9 : 7,12.10:4. 11: 6,21,22,27,61?12:8, 17.13:20,61.14:73.15:69,71.19 : 2, 3, 67. 20:31.21:59.75.22:19,66.23:59.24:17,77. 25_:28,7 7.26: 27, 61. 28: 14, 61,65.29:19 ,57. 70.30:9,33,65.31:68.32:7,9,10,30.31:9. 13, 18, 28, 48, 67. lA: 13, 72, 76,79,82.35: 14,19,40,42,105,112.36:8,12,42,63,65, 87,97.37:8,22,36,64.38:20,31,46,87. 94,95:39:21,23,31,45,76.^:20,22,35. ^1:7,13,22,45.42:8,11,19,20.46.69. 41:11,26,28,45.48,50,53.44:10,21,25, 27,45,52,86.45:11,20,23.46:7,19,48. 42:35,47,77. Red-breasted Merganser : Mergits serrator. 3: 7,42.6:30,37.8:23,36.9:12.10:6.11:21, 61? 12:8. 12: 63, 71. 12:69. 11:34,59.19:2, 67.22:31.34.21:59.22:24.23:2.24:17,36. 26:26.22:71,72.28:61.21:19,29,30,53.30: 33.31:18,30,68.32:30,69.33:2,9,18.34: 13,30,72.35:19,40,42,45,103.36:^2,63, 91, 95, 99. 37: 6, 7, 22, 25, 36, 80, 83, 85. M: 20,21,22,31,46,47,50,55.92,98.100,102. 31:21,22,31,42,45.40:20,22,48,75,76,77, 92.41:7,22,24,36,42,45,70.42:19,20,37, 95.41:11,26,45,49,53,55,78.41:10,21,22, 25,27,45,50,52,54,86.45:11.20,23,25.45, 76,77,79.46:7,19,45,56,67,70,89.47:35, hi ,n ,90. Turkey M-oltxxre-. Cath art es aura. 1:15.2:1,2, 4,6,14,15,26.3:7,13,19,42,49.4:4,5,15, 44,48,49.5:2,8,22,45,50,62,63,65.6:7, 19.7:11,34,47,84.8:7,25,61.1:2,7,16,17, 44.10:3,5,6,13,43,51,60,61.11:21,23,35. 54,55,61,112.12:7,9,32,73.13:16,19,45, 61,75,76.14:41,60,73.15:16,21,26,28,62, 66.69,74,77.78.16:34,58.59.17:6,23,54, 63,64,65,67,69.18:4,5,6,22,25,54,57,59. 19:5,21,35,67.20:29,30,31,34,61.21:25, 59,72,73,75.22:14,15,16,24,66,70.23:5.7, 10 ,10 ,39 ,09 ,11> .Ih-.lh ,19 ,30 ,3b ,1^ ,11 .13-. 10,13,11 .10 -.10, 11 ,39 ,01. lj_-.h, 31, hO, 11. 22:22,65.29:1,19,30.70.30:16,21,60,65. 31:2,7.16,30,35,68,75.32:30,65,69.31:2, 28,67.34:12,13,30,76,77,79 ,82,89 .90.35: 18,45,104,109,112.36:2,6,9,11,42.71,87, 92,97,98.12:8,9,10.22,27,36.54,64,69,70, 84.18:9,20,21,22,31,67,86,87,102.11:22, 23,31,34,45,47,65.67,76,79,90,92,96.40: 35,48.41:6,7,22,36.42,56,69,84,89.42:8, 21,37,44,46,74,79,84,91.41:11,16,26,45, 78.44:10,15,25,45,80.45:2,5,6,7,11,14, 23,45,77.46:7,18,26,27,45,56,67,71.47:4, 20,35,38,47,49,77,82,85,90. Black Vulture : Corapyps atratus . 1:13.1:1,1, 4,5,14.1:7,13,40,42.4:4,5,15,44.5:8,28, 30,50,62,65.6:7,17,72.7:3,11,18.35,47.8: 7.31,39,59.9:7,12,16,23.10:3,5,6,8,9,27, 51,60,61.11:1,21,23,33,55,61,77.12:7,9, 15,18,32,72,73,74.11:16,19,42,45,61,68. 72,76.14:13,41.73,75.15:21,28,33,69,71, 78.16:34.58,59.17:23,64,65,69.18:^,5,6, 22,25,54,57,58.19:5,8,21,35,67.20:30,31, 33,34,42,61.21:25,59,72,75.22:24,29,66. 21:6,7,10,27,69.24:14.29,30,36,76,77.25: 17,28,77.26:28,61.27:4,32,72.28:22.45, 56,65.29:19,30.57.70.10:16,21,26,61,65. 11 : 2 , 3 , 7 , 17 , 30 , 35 , 75 .11 : 10 , 17 , 30 , 66 , 69 . 5 33 : 28 , 50 , 6 7 . M : 12 , 13 , 30 . 76 , 83 . 88 , 89 , 90 . li: 42, 45, 66. 104. 105, 109, 112. 2. 6, 11. 43,66.69,71,88,97.99.37:8,9.23,29,36, 54 , 64 , 70 . 80 , 84 , 85 . M : 21 , 31 , 53 , 67 , 68 , 87 , 102.^:20,22,23,31,45,65,76,79,92.40; 20,22,35,48,51.41:7,22,36,57,84,89.42; 8,19,37,46,84.41:11,26,45.101.44:10.14, 25,45,51,52,56,80,88.41:2,5,11,23,45, 77,102.41:7,22,24,27,45.56,64,67.70,88, 91.42:6,20,35.39,49,79,82,85,90. * Swallow-tailed Y^tte-.Elanoides forfiaatus. 1:3.4:51.22:41.36 : 58. 39 : 85. * Mississippi Kite misaissippiensis . 1:36.4:36.5:14,27,28.6:34,53.7:68.8:45. 9:28,64.10:31,58.11:48,79.12:32,38,58. 11:43,44.15:33,56.16:45.11:23.18:25.19: 21.^:57.21:25,50.22:29,45.23:27.24:36. 21:28.27:67,75.28:22,42.29:6.30:21,36. li : 30 , 44 . 12: 11 . 30 , 41 . 14 : 3 , 6 , 30 . 38 : 31 . 11: 84 , 89 . 40 : 35 , 88 . 41 : 36 , 56 . 42: 68 . 41: 75 , 98.44:45,50,84,99.45:45,101.46:56.47:3, 4,17,90,99. * Goshavik-.Aoaipiter gentilis. 8:85.11:1.18. 19 .12:61.13:27.16:63.21:59.24:69.34:40, 91.35:14,105,106.36:8.37:2.40:87.42:72. 43:37.44:10,23,25,51,52,54.45:65,66.47: 23,50,79,93. Sharp-shinned Hawk :4c<3-£pi ter striatus. 2- 3,5,11,14.3:13,42,49.4:9,15,26,47,48.5: 8,29.6:7,36,49.2:3,47,57,58,84.8:7.9 :2, 7,12,29.10:3,6,33,69.11:21,22,55.12:4, 9,17,71,75.13:16,19,23,61,71,74,76.14: 39,40,50,53,60,73.15:22,43,78.16:47,59. 17:23,63,64.18:25,54.19:35,67.20:29,30, 34,61.21:10,11,12,25,59,72,75.22:24,29, 46,53,66,71.23:52,62,69.24:14,33,36,56, 69,77.25:16,69,74,77.26:28,38,58,61.22: 4,11,15,32,72,80.28:3,22,65.29:4,5,19, 30,58,64,70.30:1,2,3,4,21,63.31:6,8,9, 30,46,73,75.12:5,15,21,24,26,27,30,60, 62,63,69.11:28.34:1,4,5,79,83.35:10,26, 40,45,105,112.36:1,2,3,4,5,42,65,71,88. 32:2,8,23,35,36,64,83.38:6,20,31,55,87, 94,98,100,102.39:21,27,29,31,45,47,63, 65,76,84,89,92,96.40:18,22,29,31,44,45, 48,68,88.41:7,14,16,17,22,24,42,46,71, 73,84,87,89.42:1,2,3,8,21,37,44,74,76. 43:11,23,26,28,35,36,37,45,103.42:10, 25,34,35,45,52,78,86,88,102,104.45:2, 11,21,23,25,33,65,66,67,77,79,102.46; 7,10,14,19,22,44,45,48,53,54,56,66,67, 70, 71,89,91.47:18,20,23,25,26,27,35,39 , 45.46.47.50.76.77.79.82.90.100.101.102. Cooper's Ravi'k lAcaipiter aooperii. 2:3, 5, 6. 3:4,6,7,13,42,48,49.4:5,15,22,26,47,49. 5:2.8,13,27,38,50,65.6:7,36,49,53,72, 73.7:11,57,58,84.8:7,17,25,74.9:7,16. 10:3,5,6,33,43,69.11:21,23,55.12:4,7,9, 32,35,75.13:16,19,42,45,61,72,74.76.14: 19,39,40,57,60,73.15:16,18,22,28,69,74, 77,78.16:33,34,47,59,63.17:23,27,64.18: 26 , 54 . 19 : 5 , 11 , 12 , 21 , 24 , 36 , 6 7 . 20 : 29 , 30 , 34,61.21:5,10,11,13,25,54,72,73,75.22; 24,29,46,48,53,66.23:6,27,62,69.24:33, 36,69.77,83.25:27,28,69,77.26:28,61.27: 4,11,32, 72. 2&: 3, 22,65.29:5, 19, 30, 70. 30: 2,3,4,16,21,65.31:6,8,9,30,68,75.^:24, 26,27.30,60,62,63,69.13:28,67.34:4,5, 30,77,83.35:10,19,40,41,42,45,65,104, 105,112.36:2,4,5,9,42,65,66,69,71,88, 92,98.37:8,9,23,24,36,54,64,84,85.38: 2.9.19.20.21.31.53.55.67.87.98.101.102. 12.; 5. 21, 22, 23. 27. 28, 29, 31, 42, 63, 65, 67. 76,89,92,96.40:18,22,31,35,44,48,51,92, 93.41:7,16,17,22,24,36,45.57,69.84,87, 89.42:1,2,3,8.37,44,46,69,74,79,94.43: 11,27,36,37,45,53,98,101,103.44:10,11, 16,25,35,45.52,54.86,88,100,102,104.^: 2,4,6,11,21,23,25,33,45,65,66,76.77,79. 102.46:7,14.20,22,24.27.45,48,53.54,56, 66,68,70,71,91.47:21,23,25,26,27,35,46, 47.50.76.77.79.90.101.102. Red-tailed Hawk :Bwteo gamaiaensis (Those page numbers followed by a "K" refer also to the subspecies, kriderii-, those followed by a "C" refer also to oalurus ; those followed by an "H" refer also to harlani-, the remaining numbers presum- ably refer to borealis . 1:15.2:3,4,5, 26.3:3,4,5.6,7,13,25,31,40,42,48.4:4,5. 10,15,26.38,39,47,49.5:2,8,11,13,28,30. 56,65.6:7,49,73.7:3,11,35,49,58,64,84. a: 7. 25, 74. 76. 9:2, 7. 14, 16, 17. 10: 3, 5, 6, 9, 12, 13. 43, 44C, 47, 51, 69, 74,76.11:6,21,23, 36K&C,54,55.12:7,9.15H,32,37,71,72,74, 75.11:16,19,24,32,45,47,61,69,76.14:12, 13,15,16,37,40,49,50,60,66,73,79K,C&H. 15 :9 ,22,26,28,31,33,62.69, 74,77, 78.16: 42.59,63.12:6,23,26,34,48,55,64,69.18: 7,17,18,20.22,23,26,54,57.19:5,8,21,23, 24K,C&H,36,61H.65,66,67.20:29,30,34,61. 21:10,11,25,59,72,74,75.22:24,29,53,66, 71. 23 : 6, 27, 53, 59, 62, 69. 24 :8H, 13, 33, 36, 69,77,83.25:26,28,69,77.26:16,28,61.27: 4, 11, 14H, 32, 72. 28 : 1,3, 5, 7H, 22, 39, 40, 65, 70.29:4,5,20,30,53,70.10:1,2,3,4,16,20, 21, 33, 65K. 31: 6, 8, 9, 30, 35, 68, 73, 75. 12: 3H , 14 , 15H , 24 , 26 , 2 7 , 30 , 57 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 69. 11: 8, 9K, 28, 54, 68, 71. 34: 1,3, 4, 5, 11, 30,77,78,83,90.15:9,10,13,19,40,41,42, 45,104,112.36:4,5,9 ,11,42,64,65,66,71, 88,92,97,99.32:2,8,23,24,25,36,54,64, 73H, 84, 85. 38: 6, 19, 20, 21, 22, 31, 53, 55, 67, 68, 87H, 94, 100, 101, 102.39:20, 21, 22, 23,29,31,45,47,65,67,76,92,96.40:22,31, 35, 48, 63, 85H, 93. 41: 7, 10, 16, 17, 24, 36, 42, 45H, 46, 56, 57, 62, 71, 84, 89. 42; 1,3, 8, 21, 22, 37, 43H, 48, 57, 72, 74, 79. 43: 11, 18,27, 36,43,45,53.103.44:10,14,23,35,45,51, 54,99H.45:1,2,5,8,11,23H,33,45,99 .46,:7, 27,53,56,60,66.41:4,21,25,26,27,35,76, 82.85.90.101. Red-shouldered Hawk:Skteo lineatus . 2:3, 14.3:5,6,7,13,42.4:5,14,15,38,47.5; 8,11,19,27,28,29,62,65.6:7,18,49,53, 71.7:11,25,54,58.8:4,7,74.9:7,52.10: 5,6,12,43,69,74.11:2,14,17,19,21,23, 31, 32, 55, 61, 66; 12: 7, 9, 24, 25, 32, 59. 13:19,24,27,42,61,69,74.14:13,19,40,48, 56,67,73.15:8,16,28,69,77, 78.16:12,33, 59.11:23,34,47,63,64,67.18:26,49,50,54, 57.19:21,23,24,36,61(3. l.alleni),bl.20-. 30,34,61.21:25,59,72,73,74,75.22:24,48, 53, 66. 23 : 6, 13, 27, 59, 62, 69, 74. 2A: 8, 17, 34,36,69,77,82.21:28,69,77.21:28,61.27.: 4,11,32,72.28:3,10,22,65.21:4,5,20,28, 30,53,56,69,70.30:4,16,21,33,65.31:5,6, 8,9,30,68,75.32:24,26,27,30,60,61,62, 63,69.33:9,28,68,72.34:4,5,30,53,77,83. 35:9,10,17,31,40,41,45,61,112.36:5,9, 11,42,66,71,88.37:8,23,36,40,54,64,83. 38:2,6,9,19,20,21,31,53,67,68,87,94, 100.39 : 4, 5, 29, 31, 45, 47, 76. 40: 22, 31, 35, 48,68.41:7,16,17,36,45,47,57,62,71,73, 74.42:3,8,21,37,44,69, 74, 79. 41: 11, 27, 36,45,76,78.44:10,25,35,45,52,84,100. 41:2,5,7,8,11,23,25,33,45,77,79,99,102. 46:7,45,48,53,56,66,68,78.42:4,26,27, 35,38,76,79,82,85,90. Broad-winged Hawk :Bwteo platypterus . 2:3, 11.3:13,36,48.4:15,21,47.5:22,27,50.6: 49,53.7:25,38,54.8:25,61.9:6,7,28,44, 64.10:4,61,69.11:55,61,66.12:32.13:40. 14:38.15:22.77,78.17:14,15,19,20,21,23, 27,67.18:26,62.19:5,21,23,36.20:16,30, 34.57- 60.21:10.11,25,50,59,69-74.22:13, 23,24,29,30,48,53-57,71.21:27,53,62-65. 24:36,54.69-73.25:28,51,69-72.26:28,38. 27:4,10,11,12,20,32,51.67.28:1,3.22,32. 21:1,2,3,5,6,20,30,57,58.30:1,2,3,4,21, 38.11:1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,30,44,47.32:5, 22.23.24.25.26.27.28.30.57- 63.33:13,28, 47, 50. M: 1-6, 28, 30. 53, 75, 76, 77. 11: 7-13, 45,65.16:1,2,3,4,5.6,42,58,63,66,69,71, 92, 95. IZ.: 1,2, 3, 23, 24, 25, 36, 40, 53, 54, 55, 56,85.18:6,7,8,31,46,48,50,55,67,68, 101.11:5.27.28,31,34,42,43,45,47,65,67, 84,89,90,92.41:28,29,31,33,44,45,48,51, 68,89.41:14,15,16,17,36,42,52,56,57,69, 84,89.42:1,2,3,37,44,48,74,79,91,94.43: 35,36,37,43.45,50,99,103.44:25,34,35, 36.45,52,54.79,85,86,100.45:2,5,7,19, 20.23,32,33,45.76,77,79,102.46:12,20, 24,27,52,53,54,56,65,70,91.42:4,25,26, 27.77.79.82.84.85.90.101. 6 Rough-legged Hawk:Buieo lagopus. 6:13.8: 75.111:12.14:75.24:54.7 7,80.21:74,77. 21:58.61.21:7.30:16.65.31:72.75.12:64, 69. 33: 15, 54. 63 (see Migrant , 34 : 13) . 34 : 5 . 35:17.109.36:83.88.38:6,102.39:16,21, 42,92.40:51.41:5,7,62.42:2,3,21,44.42: 23 , 24 , 27 , 99 . M: 9 , 10 , 23 , 25 , 35 . 46 : 6 , 7 , 20 , 44,46,66,71.42:18,35,45,46,76. Ferruginous llavi'k : Buteo regalis . 45 : 48 . Golden Eagle -.Aquila ahrysaetos . 2:7.3:19, 21,22,23,24,30,39.4:4,5,26,47.5:14.6: 13,36,40,49,72,93.2:4,25,46,47.8:24,27, 35.1:41,44,52,65.10:4.6,9,13,14,48.11: 2,21,54,55,100,102.12:75.14:16.12:78. 16:6,7,8.18:7,41,42,60.11:24,36.20:17, 19,29.21:54,68.22:24,29,71.23:8,58,68, 69,72.24:77,83,84.25:77.26:10,25,27,28. 22:72.28:8,65.29:1,5.30:57,62,65.31:4, 5,6,8,9.12:11,17,24,57. 33:15,20,68, 76. M:2,4,13.35: 21,57-59, 64,104,112.36:1, 42,83,88.37:2,85.38:6,50.39:21,43,45, 47,75,76.10:20,45,51.41:3,7,17,22,43, 47,83.42:8,19,22,43,44,72,84.43:7,11, 23,24,27,50,103.44:8,22,23,27,34,35,68, 80,88.45:10,21,23,25,33,63.46:7,18,22, 27,40,46,53,54,56,67,68,71.42:15,18,35, 45,46,47,76. Bald Eagle: Haliaeetus leuaooephalus . 3:7, 9,10,12,13,16,17-25,35.4:4,15,48.5:8, 11,29,41,60,62,64.6:12,13,18,34,51,52, 93.7:3,25,46,98.8:16,19,40,50,55,74.9: 7,12,13,29,53,65.10:12-14,28.11:3,27, 60,61,76,101.12:8,17,24,25.38,63,71,74. 13:23,42,49,71.14:37,41.11:30.16:6,12, 64,65.12:63,64.18:29,41,57,62.11:24,25, 67.21:29,33,34,61,64,68.21:14,59,72,75. 22:13,37,38,39,46,53,66.23:12,27,40,41, 51,53,58.62,69,72.24:13,36,69,77,83,84. 25:15,55,69,77.21:28,50,51,61.22:4,11. 19,32,51,69,71,72.28:3,4,5,9,10,13,14, 43,65.70.21:7,10,20,30,34,58.30:3,4,9, 16,57,65.11:5,8,9,10,72,75.80.32:3,5,7, 24,27,57,59,60,62,63,69.11:15,18,49 .65. 68.11:2.4,5,13,22,75.77.83.89.15:7,17. 19.21.31,45,58.65.104.112.36:1,9.21.32. 42.85.88.95.98.12:2,6.7.8.9,10,25.64. 68,84.18:6.20,21.46.50.87.94,96,98.102. 39:20.21,22.23,42.45,47,65.76.89.92.40: 16.18,20,22,44.48.62.70.88.89.92,96.41: 6,7,11,22.41.43.46,83,84.42:8,19,21,43. 44,46,71.41:11,14,23,24,27,35,36,42,50, 70.99,101,103,104.44:8,10,22,23,25,27, 34,35,50,52,56,67,68,78,79,80,81,96,99, 104.45:11,21,23,25,33,63.90,101.46:8, 10.27.40.44.46.51.53.54.65.72.78.88.89. 41:15,18,21,35,38,46,47,77,101. Marsh Hawk :Crrews cyaneus. 1 : 15 . 2. : 3 . 1 : 7 , 42.4:5,47,48,49.5:8,27,65.6:7,13,49,93. 2:11,20,98.8:7,18,40,61,64,74,78,86.9 : 7,12-14,16,17,69.10:5,6,12,69,74,75.11: 21,23,112.12:5,7,9,11,59.13:16,19,45, 61,72,76.14:73.15:30,69,74,77,78.16:59. 17:21,64,69.18:54,57.58,62.19 : 23, 24, 36, 67.20:29,61.21:5,10,52,53,60,72,75.22: 48,53.66.23:26,27,53,59,62,69.24:8,13, 59,69,77.25:28,69,77.26:48,61.22:4,11, 32,72.28:3,21,22,61,65.29:5,6,20,30,53, 70.30:2,4,16,21,33,65.31:6,8,9,30,68, 75.22:24,26,27,30,61,62,63,67,69.33:9, 18,66,68.24:4,5,53.83,87.31:9,10,45,61, 104,105,109,112.36:2,4,5,9,11,42,63,71, 75,88,95,97,99.32:6,8,23,36,64,84,85. 28:6,17,19,20,31,46.47,48,50.53.67,87, 94,98,101,102.39:21,22,29,31,42,43,45, 76,89 ,92,96.^:18,20,22,31,45,48,51,77, 89,92,93.^:7,10,14,16,17,22,24,36,43, 46.69.87.89. ^:1,3,8,21,37,46,69,91,94, 95. «: 11, 35, 36, 53, 55, 103.^: 10, 25, 27, 35,45,52,80.100,102.45:11,23,33,45,65. M: 8, 22, 24, 46. 48, 53, 56, 68, 70, 8 7.^: 23, 26,27.35,77,79,90. Osprey : Pandion haliaetus. 3.: 13 , 27 , 36 . 4 : 5 , 15,20,22,47,48.5:26,27,28,43,62.6:17, 34,39,49,91.1:3,98.8:41,53,74,76.9:2, 53,64,97.10:3,14,32.11:50,54,76.12:24, 26,32,36,71,72,74.13:24,35,43,76.14:37, 40,56,60.11:28.35.56,74,78.16:12.34.12: 2 4 , 2 8 . 18 : 2 6 . 19 : 2 1 , 6 7 . 20 : 3 1 , 3 4 , 6 8 . 21 : 5 , 25,60,72.22:24,46.53,71.23:28,62,24:36, 69.25:28,55.69.26:28,48,51.27:4,11,20, 32,51,28: 3.22,42,46,60.^:1,5,6,20,28. 30,56.58.30:2,3,4,21,37,63.65,31:5,6.8, 9,30,68.32:24.26,27.30,44,45,60,62.63. 33:28,50.34:2,3,4,5.22,23.30,52,53,60, 61,62,73,79,96.35:10,31.38.40,41.42,45, 66,101,104,105.117.36:2.3,4,5,19,30,63, 65,66,67,71,98.99.37:2,13,23,25,36,80. 85,87.38:6,31,46.47,48,50,53,55.61.95, 98,99,101,102.39:18,27.29,31,34,45,47, 65,76,89,92,96.^:20,22,31,35.44.45,43. 63,70, 77,89,92.^:14,16,22,36,43.46,68. 69.71.72.84.87.89. ^:2,3,7,8,37,71,91, 94, 95. «: 24, 35, 37, 45, 53, 55, 78, 99. 101, 10 3.^:10.25,34,35,45,52,54.86.100,102. 41:12,28,33,34,41,45,77,79,101.102.46: 6.20.22.28.53.56.66.68.70.86.87.88.89, 91.47:18,23,26,27,35,39 ,46,47.76.77.79, 90.101. * Gyrfalcon : Fa Zco rusticolus . ]^ : 58 (observa- tions on the moult of a captive bird) , * Peregrine Ealcon-.Falao peregrinus. 3:28,29. 4:4,15,23,26.38.43.48.5:8,50,65.6:18,36, 92.7:5.58,84.8:19,25,41,50,74.9:2.7.29, 41,42,44,64.10:6,14.11:3.21,29.55.76, 115.12:7,72.11:19,29.47,75.14:17,25.40, 57,60,61.15:55,66,78.16:14,45,56,59.17 : 14,23,24,64.6 7.11:49.57,60.19 : 13, 21,36 , 67.21:16,31,61,67.21:48,60.72.22:53,65, 66.23:27,59,62.69.24:13,36,69.77.21:28, 69,76,77.26:28,50.61.27:11.30:3,4.38.31: 8,9,44.32:24,27,28.30,69.33:2,68.34:5,6, 81,83.35:56,63,112.36:2,85,88.37:36,39, 64,67,83,85.38:6. 39 : 45, 90, 92. M: 28,49 . 42 : 91, 94. 43: 11. 14, 24, 36,44,45,75,99,101. 44:7,10,22,25.34,35,68,78,100.45:33.46: 22,53,54,66.47:23,26,47,68. Merlin:FaZeo columbarius . 9:7.65.11:4.12: 39,71,72.13:16,74.15:78.20:31,37. 21:12,61.22:47,53.21:66.24:69.25:18.27: 17,20.28:3,14,43.29:20,50.31:68.32:3, 30.41.33:16.34:5.6,72.35:10.17.25,30,38. 36:95.38:6,94.98.39:22,45.75,76.^:16, 18,28,33,35,51,55,92.41:43,62.42:3,19. 41:14,23,24.44:23,27,32,52.41:18,20,28, 46,53,60,66.47:18,38,47,77. American Kestrel :FaZeo sparverius. 2:3, 4, 6. 1:7,13,42.4:2,5,15,24,26,49.1:8,18,44, 50,62.6:7,49,71.7:3,4,11,35.8:7,25,78.9: 7,16,67,70.10:3,5,6,9,33,43,61,67,69.11: 21,23,45,54,77,106.12:7,9,10,32,35,37. 13:16,19,24,29,55,61,72,75,76.14:13,39, 57,60,73.15:9,16,22,43,57,69,71,77,78. 16:15,30,34,47,59.17:23.26,28,30.64,69. 18:26,33,54,57.19:11,13,21,27,36,66.67. 20:28,29,30,34,61.21:10,25,60,72,75.22: 17,24,48,53,66.71.23:6,27,59,62,69.24: 36, 69, 77. 25.: 28. 69, 7 7. 2^:28,61. 27: 4, 11, 32,72.28:3,22,65.29:5,20,30,53,70.30:1, 3,4,16,21,39,65.31:2,5,6,8.9,30,39,68, 75.32:14,24,26,27,30,60,62,63,69.33:28. 68.34:4,5,11,30,77,79,83,90.35:10,25,26, 29,30,40,45,61,92,104,105,109,112.^:3, 10,11.12,64,65,71,88,92,97,98,99.37:9, 24,36,40,55,64,84.38:9,10,13,17,21,31, 53,54,65,68,87,102.39:4,23.29,31,43,64, 76,81.40:16,31,35.41:7.16,17,36.57,62. «: 1,9, 37, 76, 94. 43: 11, 36, 45, 89. 44: 10, 14, 23,32,35,45,80,86.^:2, 5,12,33,45,67,77, 99.102.46:8.16,22,28,53,56,60,66,89.41: 4.26.27.35.43.76.82.90.101. Ruffed Grouse : Sonasa umbellus. 4:27.5:51.6.: 49 .7:22.34,48,58,84.8:25.9:2,6,7,44,54, 57.10:6,14.11:21,31,117.12:7,12.13:19, 40,61.14:61,73.15:28,32,62,69.16:47,59. 11:24,55,64,67.18:54.19:21,36,66,67.20: 28,30,34,61.21:25,54,60,75.22:24,49,66. 70.23 : 2 7, 69 ,74.^:36,45-52,77,83.25 : 28, 77.26:27,28,38,61.22:4.19,32,72.28:21. 22,33,45,65.29:20,30,57,58,70.30:21,38, 63,65.21:30,75,78.32:30,69,72.73.33:3,5. 17,21,27,28,40,50,68,71.24:11,30,74,83, 88,89.35:45,110,112,115.36:10,71,86,88, 7 92, 97. IZ: 36, 40, 64, 69. 70, 84. M: 32, 40, 69, 87, 93, 98, 100. Zi: 17, 21, 31. 67. 77, 81, 83, 90,92,96.4a: 24, 35, 49, 51. 41: 8, 36. 41: 9. 37, 44, 55, 74, 78, 83. 4iai, 18, 45. 50. 44: 10, 4 5 , 8 0 . 8 4 . 41 : 1 2 , 4 5 8 2 . 8 3 . 46 : 8 , 5 6 . 4Z : 3 5 . 43,77,90,102. . . * Greater Prairie Chi.cken: Tympanuohus aupido. 41:62.44:68. Bobwhite : Go 7inws -virginidnus . 1:3,5,6,14, 17,23,24,28.1:7,13,42,44,49.4:2,3,5.11, 15,24,27,37.1:2,6,8,18,22,30,31,46,47, 51.6:5,7,82.7:2,3,11,34,57,84.8:7,17, 29,76.1:2,7,12,16,18,19,30,44, 46-48 , 65 , 69,70,71.92.11:3,3(0. 0. texanus) , 5 , 6 , 44 (o. v.texanus) ,51,78.11:21,23,55,64,73, 75,92,104,117.11:5,9,32,37,45.13:14,16, 19,44,55,61,76.14:11,53,54,73.15:2,22, 26,28,57,62,69.71,76,77.16:28,34,58,59, 60.17:24,48,55,64,69.18:26,33,54,57.19: 5,11,12,21,37,67.20:30,34,61.21:25,54, 60,75.22:15,24,48,49,66.23:5,27,69.24: 36,77.25:28,77.26:16.28,51,61.^:4,32, 51,72.28:22,48.49,51,52,53,65,69.29:20, 29,30,70.30:21,37,41,54,65.31:13,22,28, 30,39,59,68.75.12:30,69.33:9,28,68.14: 11,30,74,83,90.35:45,64,112.16:10.71, 75,88,92,96,97.17:36,46,64,71.38:2,9, 10,12,32,48,87.19:4,8,31.34.43,77.85. 40:1,2,3,4.5,35.41:8,36.56.42:9,37,74, 79.41:11,45.44:10,45,78,85,101.41:2,3, 5,7.12,45,65.46:8,28,56.41:3.4,36,38, 54.82.83.84.85.90. Ring-necked "Pheasant -.Phasianus ootchicus 13.4:3.11:17.22:66,69.24:76,77.26:58,59, 62.22:5.28:48.29 :36,68,70.10:65.11:22,28, 30,34.12:7,30.11:54.14:30,54.35:39,42.45. 14: 69, 88. 12: 36, 56. 18: 9. li: 31, 92. 41: 33, 35,49,70.41:87.42:37.43:11,27,45,53.44: 14,45,86.41:2,5,12.14,15,46.46:12,56. 42:46,101. * Chukar :4Zectoris ohukar . 11:11. * Coturnix Quail : Co turnix coturnix . 28:48.29: 68,70.10:58. Turhey -.Meleagris gallopavo. 2:16.1:7,9.4:3, 27.6 : 21, 49. 2: 48, 58.8:25.1:6,7. 10: 6. 11: 23, 25,54,55.117.12:7,10.11:20,62.14:74.15: 63.14:17-24,59.12:55,63,68.18:29,54.11: 12,37.20:61.24:1-8,49.22:5,19,75,81.28: 22,26,33,65,70.21:70.14:65.12:45,69.33: 28,37,40,61,62.14:81,83.11:112.14:99. 12:64.11:32,46,87,101,102.11:5,47,67. 44 : 24 . 41 : 8 , 36 , 56 . 42.: 7 , 9 , 37 , 44 , 83 , 84 . 41 : 11,45,55,78,80,98.44:8.11,45,58,61,62, 65,102.41:2,5,6,10,25,45,104.44:8,56.47: 29.36.38.39.82.90. Sandhill Crane-.Grus canadensis, l-.ll .l_\lk . 10 : 16 . 11 : 61 , 115 . 11: 56 . 14 : 15 . 21: 7 . 24: 11 . 24 : 54 . 2i : 20 . 11 : 18 , 19 , 41 , 42 , 43 . 12 : 7 . 34 : 93,94.35:38.36:13.37:15,16. 18:2,3,97,98.19 :45,90,92,96.40:20,22, 45,49.63,64,65,89.41:43,46,83,84.42:21, 44,46,94.41:24,27,29,30,31,32,33,34,43, 101.44:9,10,23,25,88.45:21,23,52.46:28, 46,68,71.42:18,21,40,44,46,47,68,77. * Limpkin :4ramus guarauna. 12: 48 . 13 : 20 (Missi- ssippi) . * King Rail:i?aZZws elegans. 1:10,13,28,36.4: 15,20,22,39.5:28,29.6:23,24,30,34,36,49, 52.61,71,72.7:3,37,43,47,49,67.8:21,31. 9:28,30.10:3,31.12:8,18,35.13:71.15:7, 22,32.18:26.19:37.20:33,34,44.21:25.22: 13,24,27.21:9,27,46,53,66.24:36.25:22,29. 22: 5 , 50 . 21: 20 . 22 , 43 . 2i: 20 . 31 : 30 . 12 : 10 , 30 , 42,43.34:20,21,28,29,30.15:45.11:63,68, 71,95.12:36.38:32,50,67,98.19 : 45, 53, 54, 55,57,58,65.40:35,49,68,70,92.41:36,57, 63,64,65.42:46,69,71.41:23.50,53,78,101. 44:51,52,86.102.45:77.103.46:1,2,22,28, 46,56,68,90.47:21,47,77,90,101. * Virginia Rall-.Ballus limioola. 6:49.7:37.11: 103.12:27.28.18:33.20:43.21:45,50,52.81. 22:63.21:49.24:8.25:16.26:28,50.27:10.28: 45,46.29 : 20, 54, 55, 57. 11: 63, 64. 32: 30, 44, 45.11:48.14:20,30,66,75.11:39.59,64,96, 101,102.34:71.81,93,98,99.37:11.23,36,62, 65.67.80.11:18,32,36,50,95.11:31.40:26. 89,92.41:6,8,36,46.42:21,46,71.41:50, 53.78,101.44:6,26,27,45,51.52,100.45: 22,23,24.30.45,58,76,77,103.44:20,22, 41,46.50,56,65.68.42:9.18,21,39,47,75, 76.77.90.93.100. * Sora:Porsa«a Carolina. 1:13,28,37.4:15,21. 5:6,10,26,28,42.6:3,12,23,30,49.7:37, 43.46,67.73.8:22,23,86.10:31,33.12:36, 60.14:37.15:32.16:34.17:24,27.18:26,27. 19 : 21 . 20 ; 11 , 12 , 34 , 61 , 64 . 21 : 5 , 25 , 45 . 60 , 81.22:19,24,62,63.23:27,75.24:8,36,58. 25:16,22,29,67.26:26,28.22:5,10,32,52, 67.68.28:20,22,45,56,61.29:20,30,57.30: 21 , 25 , 38 . li: 30 , 47 , 64 . 12 : 30 , 42 , 43 , 45 . 33 : 7,28,48.14:7,28, 39 ,31,66.15:42,45,59 , 63,96,105.16:63,64,66,71.37:20,29,36, 62,83.18:1.2,3,32,46,48,50,65,98.39:26, 31,34,42,45,65,92.40:26,35,49,79.41:34, 36,43,71,84.42 : 37, 46, 69, 92, 94, 95. 41: 25, 45,50,53,75,76,101.44:26,45,50,51,52, 54,102.45:24,45,76.77,79.46:19,20,22, 42,46,50,56,68,70.47:17,18,21,23,39,75, 76,77,90. * Yellow P.all\ Co turni oops noveboracensis . 25: 13. 28: 55. 21: 27. 11: 63, 64. 18: 95. 42; 15. * Black RalliLaterallus jamaicensis . 6:49. 19:37.11:59. * Purple Galllnule iPorphyrula martinica. 1: 28.4:20.6:22.34.2:38,45,47.8:21,37,59. 9:1.10:31.13:46.14:54.22:45.23:27,46. 24: 36 . 25 : 29 . 26 : 28 . 30 :9 . 32 :43 .11: 34. 34 : 28,31,50.35:40.17:20,23,35,36.18: 4lT^0 , 67.39:42,45,65.41:36,71.42:87.44:52,54, 86.45:94.47:18. * Common Galllnule : Gallinula chloropus. 1: 13.1:42,60.7:45.8:50,59.10:16.11:117. 12:26,36,74.15:18.20:61,64.22:17,45.23: 27.25:17,27,29.24:10,26,28.22:17,30,32. 28 : 45 . 21: 20 . 11 : 11 . 12 : 42 , 44 .14: 22 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 75 . 11: 46 . 16 : 54 . 18 : 32 , 46 . 19 : 42 . 42 : 46 . 41:45,55.44:45,52.41:77.46:1,56,66,68, 90.42:21,76. * American Coot -.Fulica americana. 2:4. 1:7, 14,22,27,28,42.4:5,15,48,51.5:8,11,26, 28,41,42,60,64,65.6:3,7,12,14,17,30,37, 49,92.2:11,23,31,100.8:7,19,21,22,23, 50.9:7,12,29,46,64.10:3,6,58,74.11:21, 78,103,104.12:7,11,17,26,71,72.11:17, 19, 62. 14: 13, 39, 51,74.15.: 32, 66, 69.16:59, 65.17:24,64,69.18:25,26,54,57.19:2,3, 67.20:31,34,61,67.21:25,60,75,81.22:18, 24,66.21:12,27,54,69.24:13,14,17,36,77. 25:27,29,77.26:28,48,50,62.27:5,19,32, 68,72.28:9,22,43,60,61,65.29:20,30,53, 70.10:16,21,33,65.11:14,30,62,68,75,78. 12:9,30,66,69.11:7,9,13,28,49,55,68.14: 12,22,31,37,66,72,77,79,83,87.11:15,19, 36,37,39,42,46,61,96,103,106,112.14:7, 9,18,52,63,65,66,67,71,88,91,92,95,97, 98,99.12:6,8,10,20,23,25,29,36,61,62, 65,80,83,84,85.18:2,18,20,21,22,32,46, 48.50.55.65.66.67.68.87.94.97.98.100, 101, 102. li: 20, 21, 23, 31, 42, 43, 65, 77, 90, 92.40:16,20,22,35,45,49,51,54,68,75,76, 77,78,89.41:8,22,36,47,69,71,72,84.42: 9,19,37,46,68,69 .«: 12, 25, 45, 53, 76, 103. 44:10,23,27,45,52,84,86,100.45:2,12,21, 45,103,104.46:8,46,56,88,90.47:4,18,36, 82,90,99,100,101. Semipalmated Plover : Charadrius semipalmatus . 2:23.1:14.4:9 ,15.5:26,29.6:30,35.7:38, 73,102.8:58.9:29,30,64.10:57.11:76,78. 12:22,58.11:67.14:51.15:55.16:12,44.18: 62.20:31,69.21:5,24,25,60.22:17,24.23:27, 54.24:35,36,56,60.^:22,29,52.26:28,47,51. 27 ; 32 , 51 , 67 . 28 : ^^2 , 59 , 60 , 61 . 29 : 6 , 20 , 30 , 45 , 46,48,49,53.10:19,21,33,35,37,38.11:30,54, 68.32:30.33:9,12,26,28,48,50,52.34:9,31,49, 79.15:43,46,61,66,106.14:18,63,65,68,71, 75,95,96,98.11:23,36,54,56,85.38:32,36, 46,48,50,67,98,101.11:31,34,65,92.40:35, 89.41:5,8,12,36,66,67,69.72,84,87.42:33, 37,72.74,91,94.41:27,45,53,75,76,78,89,98, 99,101,103.44:45,84,99,102.104.45:45.77, 101,103.46:16,17,22,56,65,66.68,88,90.41: 6,18,21,23,75,77,82,90,102. Pioing Plover -.Charadrius melodus . 6:35.23: ‘ 54. 21: 48. 29 : 51. 13 : 12.^: 87. «: 75. 89, 90, 99,101.44:7,45.46:16. Wilson's Plover -.Charadrius wilsonia. 28 : 57.12:44.41:62. Killdeer : C^aradrius vooiferus. 1:15.2.:4,5, 14,25.3:7,11.14,30,32,42.4:5,9.15.21, 27.1:2,6,8,18,22.40,45,51.6:2,8,30,33. 51,61,68,72,91.7:2,3,5,11.53,59,67,68. 1:7,27.9:7.14,16,17,30,46,64,92,97.10: 3,5,6,55.11:10,13,21,23,77,78,103,112. 12:7,9,17.18.32,72.13:17,19,47,55,62, 63,67,71,76.14:11.65.74.15:9,16,22,27, 28,55,69,77.16:44,59.17:24,64,69.18:26, 54.57.62.11:8,11,21,37,67.2^:30,34.61. 21:11,25,60,75,81.22:13,15,17,19.24,28. 66. 23 : 5, 13, 2 7, 58, 59. 69. M: 13, 14, 16, 36, 56,78.25:22,29,33,77.26:16,28,43,47,62. 27:5,32,47,67,72.28:8,22,41,65.21:20, 30,45,46,48,49 ,51,53,70. M: 16, 21, 33, 35, 61,65.11:30,39,54.68,75.32:18,19,30,45. 69.33:10,26,28,52,68.34:12,29,31,57,74, 83.86,90.35:15,36,40,46,103,112.36:9, 11,17,18,62,67.69,71.88,92,97,98.37:9, 20,36.55.65,84.38:2,3,9,10,13,20,21,32, 88,95,102.39:31,34,43,77,90.40:19,22, 35,54,68,75, 76,77, 78,89.^:8,36,56,66, 69. 84. 4, 9, 33, 37, 59. 74, 79, 91, 94. «: 11,27,45.62,78,89,90,91,9 3.^:11.14,26, 45 . 50 , 78 , 100 . « : 2 , 5 , 12 .19 ,21,24,45,68, 95.99.^:8,17.20,28,45.46,56,61,62,68, 78,80.^:18, 36,47, 77,82,85,90. American Golden Plover iPluvialis dominiaa. 7:43.10:15. 12:35.19 : 61.^:13,21-23. 22: 13,23,45.23:9,24,27,32.24:54.25:15,22, 33,51.26:10,25,28.32.46,47.27:17.28:7, 26.29 : 7, 8, 44, 48, 49, 51, 53. 30:36. n: 11, 54.68.32:3,4,18,19,41,42.49.33:9,12,13, 47,48.^:7,9,31,49,71.35:14,30,46,102. 36 :94. 37 : 80, 82. 38: 2, 3, 46, 50, 94, 95. 98. 39 : 42, 45, 92. 40: 22. 44, 53, 54,89. :U: 3, 41, 84, 87. 21, 37, 43. 46, 91. 94. «: 49. 98, 101.44: 7,23,45,102.45:24,45,101.46:22, 46,56,68,87.42:18.21.47,75,76,77. Black-bellied Plover -.Pluvialis squatarola. 3:48.4:47.6:30.9:29,64,68.10:15.21:5. 23:32.24:41.25:52.26:47.28:26,57,59.29: 20 . 30 : 35 , 37 . :J1 : 45 , 69 . 32 : 19 , 43 . 33 : 9 . 34 : 51.36:63.12:80,81,85.38:2,3,30.32,50, 98.11:45,64,92.40:22,92.41:84,87.42:21, 69,71,91,92,94.41:23,27,53.76,98,101. 44:7.30,50,52,100,102.46:22,28,56.47: 6,17,18,21,46,48,76. Ruddy Turnstone lArenai'-i.a interpres. 28:58. 14:54.11:15.37:57.41:87.42:32,91,94.41: 89.98,103.44:7,99,102.45:19,101.46:19. 42:21,100. American MoodcocP.:Philohela minor. 1:5.2: 5.6,23.1:27,33.4:22,39.5:4,5,10,22,40, 41,51, 58,59,65.6:3,14,30,49,71.7:48,67. 8:7,15,16,25,30,42.9:44.10:3,4,6,9,13, 33,55,74.11:21,23,27,28,56,112.12:9,32, 34,36.13:19,46,49.14:14.15:22,35.11:14, 47.12:24,35.18:7.12:12,37.20:30,65.21: 13,15,52,60.21:2,14.24:8,36,78,80.21: 19.26:16,51.21:5,19,30,32,52.28:43,61, 62,65.29:7,20,44,58,59.11:21,36,37.31: 15, 30, 46. 12: 5, 8, 9, 30. 11: 15, 16, 18, 28, -50, 63,68.24:14,31,54,71,89,95.11:37,41,52, 102,112.36:8,10,12,57,63,64,65,71,88, 96,97,99.12:10,13,20,24,25,36,56,65,84, 85,87.28:9,16,18,19,20,21,32,48,53,54, 55,66,67,68,88,94,95,98,101,102.21:19, 21,23,31,45,77,90,92.40:16,19,22,24,35, 45,51,89.41:6,22,24,36,43,46,47,71,72, 87.41:9,21,37,44,46,69,71, 74,79,94.41: 6, 12, 15, 22, 23, 25, 27, 45, 78, 101. 4A: 11, 22, 23,26,27,45,54,78,86,102.41:10,12,24, 26,45,77,79,103.41:8,12,28,46,56,64,67, 68,71,90.41:36,40,46,48,50,62,76,77,82, 90,101. Common Snipe : Cape 7 7a gallinago. 1:4. 1:7, 28,42.4:5,20,51.5:8,27,28,29.64.1:3,8, 30,45,49,53,91.2:11,19,23,25,38.1:7,19 , 23.76.1:2,7,12,97.11:3,6,13.11:7,21,26, 28,112.11:7,9,15,72.11:17,19,23,62.14: 13,74.11:32,69,71.11:34,59.17:27.64,69. 18:26,55.19:21,37,67.20:30,34.61.21:13, 14,15,25,60,75.11:24,62,66,71.21:9,14, 24,27,69.24:14,16,17,18,34,36,57,78.11: 18,19,22,29,77.26:28,48,50,51,62.22:5, 19,32.50,72.28:11,23.32,59,60,65.21:9, 10,20,30,45,46,48.49,53,54,56,70.10:11, 16,21,34,65.11:16,30,69, 71,75.12:8,18, 19 , 30 , 67 , 69 , 72 .11: 9 , 28 , 68 . 14 : 7 , 31 , 54 , 74,79,83.35:39,43,46,63,101,102,103, 112.36:9,10,11,12,17,18,63,64.65,66.72, 88,92,95,98,99.17:6,8,9,10,23,25.27,29, 36,54,56,65,81,83,85.18:2,9,10,20,21, 22,32,36,48,50,53,54,55,88,94,95,98,99, 100,101,102.11:21,22,23.31,34.42,43,45, 47,66,67,77,79.92.40:20,22,35,45,49,51. 54,75,76,77,89.41:8,22,24,36,43,47,71, 84,89.42:9,19,37,44,46,48,92,94,95.41: 12,15,18,25,27,43,45,53,69,78,88,89,93, 101 . 44 : 11 , 26 , 45 , 52 , 102 . 41: 12 , 24 , 45 , 76 . 77. M.: 6, 8, 12, 19. 22, 24, 46. 56, 68, 78, 90. 42:21,36,38,48,75.77,90. * Whimbrel : /l/w777 en-£ws phaeopus. 5:40.43:92.93. 47:18. Upland Sandpiper :5ari2>amta longiaauda. 1: 10,48.4:22.1:26,45,58.1:31.33,72.2:17, 38,67.8:64.9:63,69.11:8-11.14,32.12:35, 36,59.13:43,44.14:37,65.15:29,32,76.12: 21,28.18:62.11:21,61.20:31,69.21:13,51, 60.22:18,23,27,45,47.23:53.24:55,57.25: 29,51,52,53.21:10,47,48.27:5.32,49,68. 21:7,41,42,59,62,65.29:20,48,49,53.30: 35.31:31,44,69.32:4,41,42.33:47,48.34: 31.51.35:38,46,50,102.36:43.32:36,53. 18:46,65,66.39:31,34,64.41:66,84,87.42: 37,46,91,94.11:45,48,50,53.76,78.101, 103.44:7.32,45,52,84,100.45:77,101.46: 19,20,28,86,88.47:17,18,75,90,100. Spotted Sandpiper macularia. 2:9. 1: 14 . 4 : 9 , 15 , 21 , 22 , 38 , 39 , 48 . 5 : 6 , 26 , 29 , 40,44,51.1:3,31,51.52,61,91.1:3,7,38, 46,49,53.67,70,103.8:22,58.9:29,30,67, 95.10:3.42,51.11:54,77.12:5,22,24,58, 73. M: 14, 18. 15: 55, 77, 78. 11: 34, 44. 12: 24. 18:26.19:21.37.20:31,34,69.21:5,25,52, 60 . 22.: 17 , 24 , 45 . 23 : 6 , 27 , 54 . 24 : 36 , 55 , 57 , 60.25:22,29.21:18,19,28,48.51.22:5,32, 51,67.21:23,42,46,59,60,61,62,65.22:7, 20,30,44,45,48,49,53,54,59.30:10,14,21, 34,35,37,55,60,65.21:10.11,31,46,54,69. 32:18,19,30.33:9,13,26,28,48,51,52,55. 14:23.31,37,50,54,57,79.35:15,36,43,46, 61,65,101,102,104.36:18,63.64,65,66,67, 68,69,72.92,93,95,99.12:20,23,24,25,36, 53,54,56.57,81,83.38:2,16,18,32,46,48, 50,54,55,65,66,67,68,18,90,94,95,98.19: 19,31,34,42,45,47,63,64,66,67,90,92.40: 35 , 49 , 68 , 70 . 75 , 76 , 77 , 89 . 22 , 36 , 43 , 66 , 69,71,72,84.22:37,44,48,67,68,69,71,74, 94.43:12,23,25,45,50,53,75,76,78,89,91, 101,103.44:11,22,45,84,86.45:2,24.45, 68,77,79,101,103.46:22,56,68.70,71,86, 87,90.42:6.48,50.75,82,90,99,100,101. Greater Yellowlegs : Trinpa melanoleuaa. 3: 14,42.4:15,21,48.5:10,26,29.6:12,31,91. 2:38,43,46,49,67,73,100.8:23.9:30.10: 32,74.12:58,71.15:55.16:34,44.11:24,27. 19:21.20:31,34,69.21:5,11,26.60.22:17. 23,24,71.23:9,27.24:14,36,54,74.21:23, 29 , 51 . 2j6.: 28 , 47 . 22: 5 , 18 , 32 . 28 : 7 , 8 , 23 , 42 , 59,60,61.21:7,21,31,43,45,46,48,49,56. 21:22,25.11:10,31,44,54.12:4,30,45.12.: 12,26,28,48,52.34:7,8,28,31,37,54,57, 72,79.11:39,43,46,61,104.36:18,43,62, 63,64,65,68,72,93,95,98.12:20,23,25,36, 54,84.18:32,46,48,50.54,67,98,101,102. 11:31,35,42,45,66,93.41:15,35,46,49,54, 75,76,77,90.41:36,41,46,71,84,88.42:37, 68,74,87,94.41:1,27,45,53,55,75,76.78, 86,89,98,101,103.44:11,23,26,30,45,52, 84,86,102.45:45,78,79.46:20,22,44,46, 56.68,70,71,88,90.42:21,23,45,46,48,75, 90. Lesser Yellowlegs : rrtnpa flavipes. 1:14, 42.4:8,9,15,21,36.5:10,11,26,28.29,40, 42,45.1:12,31.34,52,91,92,93.2:23,31, 37,43,46,49,54,67,70,73.8:15,23,58.2: 9 28,30,95.10:3,15,57,74.11:76.12:11,36. 58, 72. 13: 67, 71. 14:37,41. 15.: 17, 30. 32, 55, 56.16:34,45.17:24,27.18:26,62.19:21,61. 20 : 31 . 34 , 69 . 21: 5 , 11 , 26 , 52 , 60 . ^ : 17 , 24 , 45,71.23:9,27.24:36,56.21:23,27,29.24: 28,47.27:5,17,18,19.28:7,23.42,59,60, 61.21:7,21,31,43,45,46,48,49,51,56.30: 14, 22, 34. 55. 31: 16, 31, 44, 54, 69. 32.: 4, 18, 30.21:9,26,28,48,52.14:7,8,9,31,54.57, 59,79.31:5,16,39,43.46,61,102,104,106. 36:18,19,43,62,64,65,66.68,71,92,95,98. 11:20,23,25,36,54,81,83,85.38:32.46,48, 51,53,55,67,68,95,98,101,102.39:31,34, 42,45,66,93.^:15,22,35,44,46,49,54,65, 90.41:5,8,12,22,36,41,43,46,69,71.84. 42:37,58,68,69,74,87,91,94.43:1,23,45, 53,75,76,78,86,89,90,91,92,93,101,103. 44:23,26.30.45,52,84,86,102.41:24,45, 78,79.101,103.46:17,22,56,68,70,88,90, 91.41:21,23,46,48,75,90,100. Solitary Sandpiper : solitaria. 2:23. 3:14.4:9,15,19,21,38,39.48.5:6,26,28, 29,40,44,64.6:31,51,61,93.7:7,38,46,49, 53,67,70,71,72,100.8:22,23.36,58,86.9: 29,30,95.10:3,31,42,44.11:10,30,31,77. 78.12:5,22,36,37,58,73.13:44,56.14:41. 15:32,55.16:14.34.44.17:24.18:26.19 : 21. 20:31,34,69.21:5.26,41,52,60.22:17,24, 45.21:27.24:36,55.60.21:12,23.29,53.2^: 28,48.21:5,18,32,52,67.28:23,41,42,59, 60,61.21:21,31,44,45,48,49,51,53.30:10, 22.31:31,54.32:30.21:9.26,28,48,52.34: 31,49,50,54,57.35:15,39,43,46,61,63,94, 104.36:18,19.30,63,65,66,68,72,92,93. 95,99.31:20,23,25,36,53,54,56,83,85.38: 32,46,48,50,53,54,55,67,68,98,99.101. 31:31,34,42,43,45,47,66,90,93.40:15,35, 49,68,75,76,77,89.41:36,39,40,43,66,69, 71,72,84,89.42 : 37, 59 ,68, 69,94. M: 45, 53, 75 , 76 , 78 , 89 , 101 . 103 . M: 23 , 45 , 52 , 84 , 102 . 41:21,45,77,79,103,104.41:17.20,22,56. 68,70,90.41:46,75,79,82,90,99. -.Cat opt roph or us semipalmatus . 1:49. 1: 67. 10: 56, 57. 14: 51. 25.: 23. 27 : 40.28 : 23. 21:28.31,48,49,53.34:39,54.36:68. 31:23,36,54,75.38:30,32,36,48.40:45,65, 68,92.41:3,36,87.42:46,59,92.43:53,75, 99,101.44:7,40,51.52,81,84.102.45:45.76 * Red Knot : Cal-idris aanutus . 21:5 (Alabama) . 26:32,47.32:19.21:9.44:99. * Sanderling : CaZidris alba. 21:6 ('Alabama') . 24: 40 (Mississippi) .21:43.20:35.31:11, 46,69.22:19,30.23:10,13.24:9,52,73.25: 15. 21: 18, 93 (Arkansas) .21:93.40:75-77 (Arkansas) , 88 , 92 (Virginia) .41:88.89.42: 44,91,94.43:75,98,100,102,103.44:7,99. 41:95.41:19,20,22.42:17,18,21,23. Semipalmated Sandpiper : CaZidris pusilla. 2:23.2:28.4:9,15,22.5:26,29,44.6:31,34, 35,51,52,91.2:67,73.8:58,86.9:29,30,64, 95.10:45,57.11:76.12:22,58,71.12:67.14: 56.15:55.11:45.22:31,35.21:6,26,51,68. 22:45.25:23,29.26:28,43,51.27:51,52.28: 23,42,43,59,60.29:21,29,31,45,46,49,53, 56.12:9,35,55.31:10,11,31,45,54,59,69. 32:19.32:12,26,29,50,51,52.34:31,49,50, 54,57.25:36,37,38,43,61,63,65,101,102. 11:18,19,63,68,72,83,84,88,95.37:36,39, 55,56,83,85.12:32,48,51,67,68,95,98, 101.22:31,34,64,66,93,96.40:22,33,35, 83,90.41:66,67,69 ,71,85.42:19 ,21,37,68, 69,74.43:1,27,45,50,53,75,76,79,89,91, 102,103.44:40,52,84,86,102,104.45:2,45, 78,95,101,103.41:17,22,24,56,61,68,80, 88,90.42:3,6,21,75,82,90,99,101,102. Western Sandpiper : CaZidrZs mauri. 6:52.2: 67.8:58.9 : 64, 95. 10: 45,57.11:76. 12: 58, 71.12:67.12:55.12:21,22,62.20:31,35.21: 6,51,60.22:45.24:56.21:51.27:31,32,67. 28:42,61.31:59,80.32:43.12:26,29.34:54. 12:15,66.36:19,63,68,95.22:36,55,56,83, 85.12:93,98.40:22.90,92.41:71,85,88.42: 37,69,71,92.42:1,2,25,27,50,53,75.76, 98,102,103.44:7,51,84,98,99,100,102.42: 21,45,78,101.41:21,22,56,88,90.41:6,21, 23,77,100,102. Least Sandpiper: Calidris minutilla. 2; 23.3:14,28.4:15,21.5:26.29,40,44.6:31, 34,51,52,91.1:38,67,68,73,100.8:58,61. 1:29,30,64,95.10:3,31,44.57.11:76.11: 11,26,58.11:67.15:30,55.11:45.17:24,28, 63,64.11:62.19:61.20:31,35.21:5,13,26, 51,60.22:17,24,45.23 :9 ,27.14:36,56,76. 78.21:16,23,29,34,53,75,77.21:28,48.11: 5,32,50,67.28:7,8,23,42.43,59,60,62 65 2i: 7 , 21 , 31 , 45 , 46 , 48 , 49 , 53 , 56 , 59 . 30 : 22 , 34.35.11:10.11,14,31,45,46,69,72,75.12: 5,18,19 ,30,45.11:24,26,29 ,49,51,52.14: 7.8,31,37.49,50,51,54,57,79.11:16,36. 38,43.46.61,63,65,66,101,102,103.11:10, 18,19,43,63,65,68,72,93,98,99.32:8,23, 24,25,36,53,55,56,83,85.38:20,32,51,67. 68,93.94,98,101.11:13,19,21,31,34,42, 45,64,66,75,77.81,89,90,93.41:20,22,35, 45,54,68,83,90.41:5,8.10,11,22,36,46, 67,69,71,85,89.42:21,37,68,69,74,94.41: 12,23,27,45,53,55,75,76,78,89,91,93, 101.44:11,22,23,26,45,52,84,86,104.45: 2,4,5,12,24,45,76,78.101,103.41:8,17, 22,24,28,43,46,56,68,80.88,90.41:4,21, 36,45,48,75,82.90,99,101.102. White-rumped Sandpiper : Ca ZZdris fusoiaollis . 1:37.4:15,19.7:68,100.21:50.23:10.24: 35,36.25:23,29.26:48.29:48,49,53.59.30: 9 , 37 . 31 : 31 , 45 , 47 . 54 . 69 . 32 : 41 . M: 49 . 35 : 35.19 : 31. 34, 66. 40: 14, 54, 70, 92. 41: 3. 88. 42:68,71,91.43:50,53.75,76,79,101,103'. 44:7,51,52,84.86,100.41:76,78,101.46: 17,56,88.41:6,17,18,21.76,82,99,100, 101. * Baird's Sandpiper : CaZZdrZs bairdii. Z:102. 10 : 44 (Mississippi) .29:51.32:42. 33 : 52 . 14:18.38:93.41:85.42:48,68,69,71,92.41: 50,90,99,101.44:7,26,45,51.100.41:76, 101.44:20,22,61,66,88,90.41:6,76,77,90, 94,100. Pectoral Sandpiper : Ca ZZdrZs melanotos. 4: 8,21,48.1:26,45,62.6:12,32,51,52,91,93. Z: 37. 43. 67, 70, 73. 8: 15, 18, 23, 28, 58. 2.: 30, 64,95,97.14:57.11:14,76.12:58.14:56.15: 55. 14: 45. IZ: 27. 18: 62.19:21. 20: 69. 21:6, 11,13,26,51,68.22:17,24,28,45,48,71.21: 9,27.14:55,56.21:23,29,53.26:28,47,50. 51. 2Z: 17, 32, 49, 50, 67. 24: 7, 8, 14, 23, 41, 42,43,46,58,59.60.61.29:7,21,31,45,46, 48,49,53,56,59.30:22,35,37.31:11,12,14, 31,44,45,46,47,54,69.32:4,19,30.33:12, 21,24,25,26,29,48,51,52.14:7,9,31,54,57. 79.15:46,61,66,94,101,102,106.36:17,18, 63,64,68,72,98.12:23,25,36,54,56,81,83, 85.38:2,32,47,48,51,67,95.98.39:31,42, 45,66,89,93,96.40:22,35,44,46,49,54,75, 76,77,90.41:22,36,41,43,46,66,69,71,85. 42:37,44,59,63,68,69,72,87,94.43:1,27, 45,53,75,76,78,89,91,101,103.44:23,26, 45,52,84,86,102.45:21,45,78,79,101,103. 46:17,22,44,46,56,65,68.47:21,23,41,47, 48,75,79,82,90,101. ^ * Purple Sandpiper : CaZZdrts maritima. 43:62. 46:80. Dunlin : Ca ZidrZs alpina. 8:40.10:15.13:20. 18:33.21:5,11,24,26.25:23.26:58.59,62. 27:17.28:58,59.61,71.21:5,21,44.30:9, 36 . 31 : 10 . 11 , 69 . 12.: 5 , 18 , 19 . 33 : 12 . 13 . 15 . 14: 79. 11: 35, 103. 46.: 17, 18, 19, 43, 93, 98, 99.37:10,80,81.83.18:18,30,32,36,47.54, 88,93,95,98.11:19,21,45,75.77,81,93.40: 22,49,54,90.41:5,8,11,22,46,85,88.42: 19,21,46,68,69.91,92,94.41:12,23,27,43, 50,53,99,101.44:26,45,50,52,102.45:12, 24,45,78.46:8,20,22,43,46,68,78,90.47 : 6,18,21,36,48,77,79,90. * Dowitcher : iZmnodrowMS . For about the first 20 years that Dowitchers were reported in The Migrant , it was believed (A.O.U. checklistT 4th ed. , 1931) that there was only one species with two recogniz- able subspecies -- the Eastern and the Long-billed. The Fifth Edition of the A.O.U. checklist, 1957, recognized two species -- the Short-billed Dowitcher (with three subspecies) and the mono- typic Long-billed Dov/itcher. Consequently 10 in The Migrant it is often not clear whether the term "Dowitcher" was inten- ded to refer to a particular species or to the genus as a whole. Furthermore, because of overlapping characteristics, it is often extremely difficult to identify the Limnodromus complex to the species level -- if indeed there is a reliable way to identify Dowitchers in the field. In many cases the observer probably assigned the species name on the basis of which form had been most commonly reported in the past. Appar- ently only one Tennessee record has been based on specimens (Migrant 10:57). It would have been safer to place almost all records under the generic heading only, however, in cases where a specific name was given or implied, I have re- ferred to these records under the appro- priate species headings below. In the three-year indices that have appeared in The Migrant , unspecified Dowitchers have been indexed in the following ways: all placed under the Long-billed Dowitcher, all placed under the Short-billed Dowitcher, all placed under both species headings, and most recently, all omitted entirely. For this reason, it is quite possible that I have overlooked a few records. 10:16,57.11:76.12:58.21:6.^: 71 . 23 •• 24 , 27 . 24 : 34 , 36 . 24: 10 . 28 : 41 , 59 . IS.: 31,45,48,49,51.11:58.12:3,4.41:12,13,24, 26,47,48,51,52.14:7,54.11:1,15,64.14:18, 95.12:25,57.18:67,98.31:31.44:49,92.41: 7 1 , 8 5 , 8 8 . 42. : 6 8 , 9 1 . 43 : 7 6 . 44 : 4 4 , 5 2 , 8 4 . 45 : 101.46:20,56.47:18,76,100. * Short-billed Doviltchev -.Limnodromus griseus. 6:52.7:67,68.14:16,57.19: 62. 26:10.31^:69. 12 : 3 , 4 . 11: 12 . 14: 31 . 11: 1 . 36 : 18 , 18 : 30 , 32, 47. 40: 15, 88. 41; 88. 42: 48, 94. 41: 1,53, 75,76,102.44:7,45,102,104.45:67,78,101. 46:17,19,22.47:21. * Long-billed Dowitcher : LimnodrowMS saoZopaaeus. 8:74.10:16.14:45.28:7.11:1-6.11:18.11:2, 3.40:54.41:3.42:68,91.43:79,98,102.44:7. 46:68.47:21. Stilt Sandpiper -.Miaropalama himantopus . 4: 19,36.6:12,52.7:17,68.8:58,73.10:57.11: 66.76.12:71.15:55.11:62.20:69.21:6.22: 71 . 21 : 2 7 , 28 , 31 . 48 , 49 , 51 . 14: 35 , 37 . 11 : 31 , 48,58,69.12:43.11:24,26,48,52.14:9,49. 11:61,101,106.36 :18.12:20,85.11:67,93. 41:85,88.42:68,69,91.92,94.43:1,27,50, 75 , 76 , 79 . 98", 100 , 102 . 44: 7 , 84 , 86 , 99 , 100 . 102.45:101.46:20,21,22,56,80,88.42:18, 21,76,100. * Buff-breasted Sandpiper : 2’ri/ng'ites subrufioollis . 11:76.23:47.24:39.21:52.26:11.10:35.32: 18.14:57.12:56,81.41:3,65,85,88.42:91, 92,94.43:98.44:7,43.99,100.42:18,21. * Marbled Godwit : Limosa fedoa .44:40.45: 52 . 95.42:21. * Hudsonian Godwlt iLimosa haemastiaa .42:58. 66. * Ruff -.Philomaahus pugnax .43:86. * American Avocet -.Reaurvirostra americana. IS: 73.21: 6 (Alabama) . 26 : 11 , 50 . 10 : 35 . 12: 3 (Arkansas) . 38 : 101 . 3S:9 3 . 41 : 76 , 85 . 88 . 42:88,91.43:23,100.45:67,68.46:19.44, 60.47:18,48. * Red Rhalarope-.Phalaropus fulioarius. 15 : 73.10:55,56.14:31,92.11:94(date should be Sept, not Oct .) .12: 15 . IS: 13 .41: 85 , 88.41:2.44773. * Wilson's Rh.alarope -.Steganopus tricolor . 3:28.6:34,52.10:15,57.11:55.16:45.25: 23.14:28.11:68.17 :58.40:65.41:85.88. 42:59.68,92.94.41:100.44:99,102.46:20, 22,56,88.42:18. * Northern Yhalar ope : Lob ip es lobatus. 30 : 55.41:39,66.41:96.41:90.42:94. * Glaucous Gull :Larws hyperboreus. 40:12. 43:21. Herring Gull :4arws argentatus. 2:5,14.1: 7,10,11,14.27,48.4:5,21.1:8,14.1:7,18, 31,35,50,92.2:11,20,31.8:7,8,16,19,40. S: 7, 12-14, 67. 10: 3, 4, 12, 29, 32, 74. 11: 21, 116.12:7,17,62,63.14:74,75.11:28,70,71. 16 : 1 0 . 1 3 , 3 4 , 5 9 . 12 : 6 4 , 6 9 . 18 : 5 5 , 5 7 , 5 8 . IS : 2 , 67 . 70 . 20.: 31 , 61 . 21 : 15 . 26 , 60 ..22: 19 , 27 , 66.23:66,69.24:13,17,36,40,78.25:19,29, 77.26:60,62.27:5,32,72.28:7,10,11,14, 61, 64, 65. 68. 2S: 21, 31, 53. 70.30:22, 34. 65. 11:18,31.69,72,75.32:9,30,43,69.31:10, 29,68.34:9.13,31,50,54,79,83,89.31:15, 19,40,43.102,106,112,122.16:10,12,23, 43, 62. 63, 65, 88, 93, 95,99.17.: 8, 9, 20, 23, 24,25,36,65,81,83,85.38:2,17.18,20,21, 22,32,51,88.95,98,100,101.39:20,22,23, 42,45,66,77,93.40:12,20.22,45,49,90.41: 8,22,36,47.85.42:9.37,47,89,91.43:12, 18,21,45,53,70,76,89,102.44:7,11,22.32, 45,102.45:12,21,24,45.41:8,48,56,88.47: 19.21.36.38.48.79.90. Ring-billed Gull -.Larus delawarensis . 2:5, 14.1:7,10,48.4:5,21.5:8,64.6:7,31,38, 50. 2: 11, 31, 99. 8 : 8, 19, 64. S: 7, 12, 13, 96. 11:6,29,74.11:21,49.12:7.11:19,62.14: 74,75.15:70.16:10,13,34,47,59.17:24,64, 69.11:55,57,60.11:3,67,70.21:31,35,61, 67.21:6,12,15,26,35,60,75.22:19,27,30, 66.21:14,27,30,57,59,69.24:13,16,36,40, 78 . 21: 23 , 29 , 75 , 77 . 26 : 28 , 59 , 62 . 27.: 5 , 32 , 72.^:10,11,14,23,60,65,68.29:6,8,21, 31,53,70.31:16,22,34,65.31:18,31,39,44, 69,75.32:9,30,51,69.33:10,14,18,29,68. 14:9,12,13,31,37,51,54,72.77,79,83,89. 35:15,18,19,40,41,43,46,102,104,106, 112.36:8,10,11,12,18.43,62,65,66,72,88, 94,95,96,98,99.17:6.8,9,20,23,25,36,65, 81,83,84,85.38:2,18,20.21,22,32,48,51, 54, 55, 88, 95, 98, 102. IS: 11, 20, 21, 22. 23, 31.42,43,45,66,77.93.40:20,22,49,68,70, 75,76,77,90.41:8,22,36,43,47,85.42:9, 37,40,47,68,72,89,94.43:12,18.21,23,25, 45,53,70,76,79,89,102,103.44:7,11,23, 27,45,80,102.45:12,24,45.44:8,22,24,48, 56,68,70.41:17,21,36,48,78,79,82,90. * Laughing Gull-.Larus atricilla. 4:8,47.6: 50. S: 68. 22: 30. 26: 25. 28. 31: 31. 12: 41, 51. 14:75.38:48,61.3S:10.4S:92.42.:47,89.41: 75.76,89,93.44:7,26.45:42,45,46.46:81. * Franklin's Gull-.Larus pipixoan. 20:67 (Arkansas) .22:16.28:68.11:69.11:10.34: 50.41:76 and 77 (Arkansas) . 41: 83 .42 : 19 . 43:75.44:7,26.45:21. Bonaparte's Gull-.Larus Philadelphia.. 3.: 48.4:50.7:31.8:29.10:29.15:69.1S:71.20: 31.21:61.22:71.24:36.26:25,26,28,49,64. 22:16.68,70.71,72.28:61.21:21,53.30:34, 65.31:31,75.32:5,42,49,66,69.11:10,13. 14 : 50 , 72 . 15 : 15 , 16 , 40 . 41 , 43 , 102 .16 : 8 , 18 , 43,63,65,66,88,94,95.12:6,8,20,25,65, 80,81.18:18,20,48,51,95,98.19:11,20,22, 45,93.40:20,23,46,49,75,76.77,90.41:5, 8,21,23,36,43,46,83.42:9,11,19,21,37, 44,47,48,71,85,92.41:12,17,25,27,45,49, 51,53,55,70,72,73,89,93,100.44:7,11,23, 26,45,51,52.45:12,21,24,26,45,78,79.46: 8,20,22,45.46,56,65,66,68,71.47:19,36, 48.50.78.90. * Black-legged Kittiwake :i?issa tridaatyla. 46:81. Forster's Texn-.Sterna forsteri . 5:31.6: 31 , 50 . 10 : 3 . 12 : 58 . 11: 30 . 21: 61 . 25 : 27 , 29 . 28:58,59.21:21,28,31,54.31:14,22,24,34. 31: 46. 32.: 31, 41, 42, 43. 33: 10. 34: 9, 31, 49, 51,75.31:41,43,46,63,102.36:62,69,95. 32:25,36.31: 32, 47, 66, 67, 98.31:93.40:75, 76,77,90,92.41:35,36,85,88.42:37,68,91, 92.43:51,53.75,76,98,100,102,103.44:7, 45,52,87,100,102.41:45.103.46:19,20,22, 24,56,61,66,68,88.47:6,19,21,75,76,90, 100. Common lern-.Sterna hirundo. 4:15.1:27.1: 17,31,50.1:54.10:29.12:59.13:49.16:45. 20:31.21:6,61.22:18.21:66.24:60.25:29. 26:29,48.28:23,41,59 . 2S: 21 . 53 , 56 , 58 . 30 : 14, 22, 24, 38. 31: 31, 69. 12.: 43, 51. 33: 10, 29, 49,51.34:9,54,72.11:39,46,63,65,106.34: 68,69,93,95,96,99.14:55,83.38:32,46,48, 11 54.67,102.39 : 64, 93. 40: 35. 92. 41: 36, 88. 42:47,69,89 ,91,92.43 : 45, 51. 53. 75, 76,98, 100,102,103.44:7,9,11,45,52,84,87,100. 45:45.46:22,56,90.47:6,21,23,78,90,101. Sooty Tern-.Sterna fusaata. 5:46. Least Tern-.Sterna albifrons. 2:12,22,23, 24.3:14,37.4:15,36.5:28,40,42,60.6:51, 52, 70. Z: 43, 54, 67, 68. 8: 50. 58, 60. 9:1, 28. 64.1H:29.57.11:66(5.a.fcrouw7) .12:24,32. 13 : 34 , 54 . 15 : 28 . 16 : 45 . 18 : 62 . 19 : 62 . 20 : 35 . 21:6,61.22:12,45.23:6,27,40.26:28.27: 32,51.28:59.30:14,34.31:47.32:31.34:22. M: 68 . aZ: 55 . 38 : 47 , 67 . 3i: 4 , 63 , 88 , 93 . 40 : 44,46.^:69,88.42 : 4, 68, 91, 94. «: 75, 76, 98, 102. M.: 7, 78, 84, 99. 45 : 45, 101. M.: 22. 41:4,82. Caspian Tern-.Sterna caspia. S.: 50 , 73 . 9 : 66 , 95.10:57.11:103.20:67.21:50,51.22:12. 21: 32 , 55 . 21: 15 . Z6.: 47 . 27 : 67 . 28 : 26 , 42 , 61 . 22.: 6, 54. 30: 14. 32: 4, 18, 19. 30, 49. 33: 10. 34:37,51,54,72,79.35:63,65,104,106.36: 95. 11: 67, 98. 32.: 66, 93. 41: 92. 41: 85. 89. 42: 68,71,91,92,94.41:45,48,51,53,79,90.98, 100,102.44:7,26,45,52,99,102.41:43,52, 76,78.46 : 20, 56. 47: 19 ,21,23,78,87,91, 101. Black Tern: Chlidonias niger. 2:23,24.1:14. 4:15,36,39.1:27,60.6:31,37,50,52.7:53, 67,68,72.8:22,58,60.9:28,30,64,67,69. 10:29,57.12:26,36,58.13:43,49.14:56.15: 30,55.18:62.20:17,31.21:6,50,61.22:12, 18,24,27.23:6.27,54.24:56,58.21:29,53. 26:29,48.27:32,51,67.28:41,59,61.29 : 21, 31,53,54,55,56,58.30:34,37.31:44,46,69. 32:3,18,19,30,43,49,51.33:10,47,49.34: 31,50,51.31:15,104.36:68,69,95,99.37: 20,55,85.38:32,48,51,66,67,68,93.39 : 12, 31.66,93.40:68,70,75,76,77,90,92.41:36, 71,85,88.42:37,68,69,71,94.43:75,76,79, 98,102.44:7,46,87,100,102.41:41,43,78, 103.46:17,19,20,22,28,57,61,87,90.41: 19,21,23,78.91,101. Black Skimmer :i?z/nc?2ops niger. 43:63. Band-tailed Pigeon : Co 7wmZ?a fasoiata. 45:49. Rock Dove : Columba livia. (The "Pigeon" is often not considered a legitimate part of Tennessee's avifauna; this accounts for the paucity of records for this common species) 6:93.17:48.29 :21. 36. 67. 70.30:22,65.31:31,39,59,72,75.12:31.31: 35.38:2.41:66.42:5,60,74,79.41:2,5,8, 12,43,49,50.41:8,57.47:4,36,82,85,91. Mourning Dove ■. Zenaida macroura. 1:15.2:1, 4,6,14,26,28.3:3,7,14,42.4:5,15,27,37. 1:2,6,8,19,22,24.30,46,51.1:7,66,68,82, 91.1:2,3,11,33,34,47,59 ,70,71,102.8:8, 25,85.9:7,16,17,19,25,26,44,46-49,69- 71,92.10:3,5,6,11,13.52,58,61,75,78.11: 21,23,31,30 and 36(Z. m.marginella) ,50 , 54,56,64,73,77,80,112.12:6,7,9,17,18, 32,37,45.13:17,19.23,34,36,44.47,62,75. 76.14:2,11,12.21,47,53,74.15:9,12,16, 26,32,57,70,77.16:34,58,59,65,66.17:11, 24,48,63,64,69.18:26,55.57.19:5,11,12, 22,38,67.^0 : 1,2, 3, 4, 5. 6, 7, 8, 9 ,30,35,61. 21:13,14,26,41,61,75.22:12,14,15,16,19 , 24,46,48,61,62,65,66.23:6,9,11,13,14, 27,47,52,59,68,69.24:13,14,15,16,36,57, 60.78.25:17,29,77.26:16,29,48.62.21:5, 10,19,32,49,72.28:8,23.27,32,49,62,65, 69. 2i: 21, 31, 53, 54, 57, 68, 70. 30: 16, 22, 34, 37.61,65.31:13,14,17,22,31,39.46,47.48, 59,69,75.12:6,31,67,69.33:7.10,14.16, 29', 60, 68. 34: 10. 15, 31, 66, 74, 83, 86, 90. 35 : 39,46,64,92,96,112.36 : 8, 9, 10, 43, 72, 81. 88,92,97.37:29,36,61,62,65,71,72.38:2, 9,10,13,32,41,42,65,88.11:4,5,8,19,20, 31,34,50.77,85.^:6,26,35,46.90.41:8, 36, 56, 57, 66.^: 9, 16, 37, 44, 60, 74, 79. «: 12,25,45.44:11,14,30,46.85.101.45:2,3, 5,7,8.12.24,30,43,58,99,103.46:8,28,57, 71.^:3,4,36,68,82,83,84,85,91. Passenger Dtgeon-.Eotopistes migratorius . 1: 1. 4 : 18, 24. 8 : 65. 11:117. 43: 63. 44: 62. 82,83,84. * Ringed Turtle Dove -.Streptopelia risoria. 11:73.42:60.43:71. * Ground Dove : Columbina passerina. 13 : 50 (Mississippi) . 23 :3(C . p . pal lesaens) Mississippi . 40 : 6 . 47 : 68 . * Carolina Darakeet : Conuropsis aarolinensis . 1:14.8:65.11:61.41:63.44:64. * Monk Darakeet -.Myiopsitta monachus . 44:82. * Red-crowned Parrot : ^maaona viridigenalis . 24 : 10 (Mississippi) . 10 : 29 (escaped bird) . Yellow-billed Cuckoo : Coeez/sus amerioanus . 2:12.1:14.4:15,36.5:2,7,19,22,42,51.6: 2,3,68,70.7:1,35,53,60.102.8:25,57,76. 1:13,24,97.10:3,32,52,67.11:56,64,73. 12:32,35.11:20,22.14:11,43,53,55,57.15: 22,26,27,28,32,57.16:34.11:24,48.18:26. 19:5,12,22,38.20:6,7,30,35,51.21:26,53, 61,81.22:13,17,24,49,60,62.21:5,26,27. 24:36,56.25:15,29,52.26:29,64.27:5.33, 52,67.28:23,26,27,56.29:21,31.10:10,22. 31:31,39,46.59,64.12:5,31.33:7,10,29, 49, 59. 14: 15, 31, 34, 66, 75. 15.: 46, 96, 103, 104.16:57,65,66,72,81,82,94,95,98,99. 11:23,25,29,36,46,62,81,82,84,85,88.18: 13,32,47,48,51,53,54,94,98,102.19:5,26, 31,43,67,90,9 3.^:26,35,46,79,90,92.41: 36, 43, 56, 79, 89. 42: 16, 37, 48, 74, 79. «: 45, 51,77,98.44:4,6,46.52,85.100,101,102. 45:2,5,6,7,21,43,58.46:19,20,29,50,57. 41:4,9,19,48,76,79,82,85,91. Black-billed Cxickoo-.Cocoyzus ery thropthalmus 5:51.6 : 77. 7: 18, 35, 49 ,58,101.9 : 98.10 : 3, 4. 11:56.13:43.14:36,39.15:28.16:34.17:48. 18:26,34.11:22,38.20:30,35.21:25,50.61. 22:24,30,60,62.23:3,27.24:17,36,74.25: 29.67.26:29,48,50.27:5,31,32,67.28:23. 21:7,21,28,31,58.10 : 22. 11: 31, 63. 64. 32: 12.14,31,47,53.11:10,29,48.34:15.28,31, 56,66,73.15:46,61,63,96,102,36:65,66.72. 82,95,97,99.11:20,23,24,25,29 ,36,46.81. 82.38:32,43,51,54.55,68,95.11 : 26. 31. 64, 66,67,90,93.40:26,32,35,46,79,90,92.41: 36,85.42:37,44.48.68,69,71,74,78,80,43: 45,52,53,76.94,102.^:46,84,87.100.45:2, 5,43,58,101,103,104.46:18,20,24,57.65, 68,88,91.47:6,19,21,78,82,85,91,100.103. * Roadrunner : Geoeoaayx oalifornianus . 38:65 (Arkansas) . * Groove-billed Anl -.Crotophaga sulcirostris . 10:7,9. * Barn Ovi\:Tyto alba. 3:14,29.4:15,27,47,49. 5:45,51.6:12,14.50,68,72,93.7:49.8:86. 1:70.10:3,6,13,47,76,77.11:4,22,82,97. 12:34,73.11:46,57,62,63.14:18,43,51 (Mississippi) .57.74.75.80.15:18.22.74. 16 : 1 2 , 5 9 . 6 0 . 17 : 6 4 . 19 : 3 8 . 20 : 6 5 , 21 : 1 3 , 2 6 , 61.22:24.23:27,42,54,69 .24: 9 (Mississippi) 25:16,29.21:5,72.28:7,23,65.21:7,21,59, 71.10:22,24,34,65.11:31,75.32:7,15,31, 65,69.13:29,50,51,68.14:52,73,74,81,83. 15:41,46,49,62,109,112.16:68,72.11:9,55, 65,83.18 :20,51,53,88,98,100,102.11:21, 23,31,45,66,67,77,93.40:23,35,49,70,92. 41:8,35,37,46,71,88.42 :9 ,21,38,47,71,92, 94.41:12,27,45,51,53,76,79,100,102.^: 11,26,46,52,87,100,102.45:12,24,43,77, 78,103,104.46:8,22,29,46,57,68,70,90.41: 19,21,23,36,46,48,50,76,78,79,91,93,100, 101,103. Screech Ovil-.Otus asio. 2:3,5,25.1:7,14,27, 42.1:5,15,21,27,39,46,47,49.5:2,7,8,19, 51, 63. 6.: 8, 50, 72. 7: 3, 4, 11, 24, 47, 54. 8: 2, 8. 1:2,7,16,17,32,48,52,70.10:3,5,6,8,14, 42 , 45 {O.a.floridanus ) , 55 . 11 : 22 , 23 , 31 , 45 , 56,66,74.12:2,7,9.11:17,19,38,62.14:5, 43,74.15 : 22. 70. 16: 58,59. IZ:: 24, 61, 64, 68. 11:25,26,55,57.11:22,38,67.20:30,35,61. 21:12,26,61,75.22:24,28,65,66.21:5,27, 69.24:1-5,36,77.25:29,77.26:29,62.21:5, 33,72.21:23,27,30,65,70.21:21,31,71.10: 22,31,65.11:31,75.12:14,16,31,67,69,72. 13:29 ,68,71.14:31,52,55,56,73,79,83. 11:46,112.11:11,43,72,88,92,97,98.11:9 , 24,37,46,65,84.18:9 ,13,32,53,88,102.19: 32,77.40:24,35.41:8,37,57,67.42:9,31,38, 12 47. 85. 12. 15. 16, 45, 70. 89.^: 11. 13. 14. 43.46.75.78.^:2,12,43,78,82,83,84.99. 46; 8, 29. 57, 68. 70.^: 36. 43, 82. 91. Great-Homed OwlrBuro virqinianus . 2:3,4, 5,7.27,28.1:14,42.4:5,10.27,47,49.1:2. 8.28,30,42,51.6:8.50.52,92.7:1,3,11. 47,54.8:8,25,27,57.9:7.23.10:3,5,6,24. 42,47.74,75.11:14.16,19.22,23.32,54.56. 12:7,70.11:17,19,24.30.62,69,76.14:12, 37,40,48,74,75.15:18,22,26.27,28,70,71, 75.16:12,59.11:24,34,64.18:17,24.55,57. 11:12,38,62,67.11:14,26.61,75.22:12,13. 63,66.23:12,41,69.24:17,34,77.21:29.77. 26:62.27:5,72.28:11,23,29,65,70.29:21, 31,71.30:22.65.31:14,75.32:31.44.69,72. 31:8,16,29,68.34:31,52,75,77,83.31:38. 39,46,62,104,106,112.36:17,43,44.69,72, 88,97,98,99,103.31:24,25,37,40,55,65, 78,83,85.38:9.15.21,22,32,54.65,88.98, 100.39:23,32,42,45,66,77,89,93.40:20, 23,35,46,49,88,93.41:8,23,24,37,43,57, 69.42 : 9, 19. 38, 94.^: 8, 12. 16, 25. 46, 70, 89 . 44 ; 1 1 , 14 , 43 , 46 , 51 . 79 . ^: 2 , 5 , 12 , 41 , 43,99 .46 : 8, 24, 29, 57, 71.^: 4, 36, 45. 46. 48.50.79.91. * Snowy Ovl : ctea scandiaoa. 2:7.8:35.26: 12.^; 74.32 : 1.33: 71. 44: 78. * Burrowing Ovl •. .-^fnene ounioularia. (all Mississippi records, except one from Arkansas ) 10 : . 11 : 22 , 36 . 12 : 8 . 32 : 16 . 34 : 7 (Arkansas) . Barred 0wl:5trix vavia. 2:3,5,28.3:7,14, 42.4:5,47.5:8,42,51,65.6:8,36,50,71.1; 11,47,54.3:8,17,37.1:7.44,52,96.10:5, 6,14,17,25,33,42,52,55.11:22,23,31,36 (5. y. ^eor^ica) ,56,73,74.12:7,9,18.13: 17.19.38,62,64,69.14:2.13,26,37,39,40, 74,79.15:8,22,28,63,70.16:12,23,59.11: 21,24,55,64,69.18:26,49,55,57.19:12, 22,38,67,70.20:35.62.21:26,61,75,78.22: 24,67.^:5,27,69.24:36,77.25:29,77.26: 26,29 ,39 ,62.21:5,33,72.28:23,65.21:9, 21,31,71.30:16,22,31,66.31:31,75.32:31, 49 ,69 .33:29 .35,65,68.34:22,31,52,79,83. 35:46,106.112.36:12,17,61,65,72,88,92. 100.31:25,37.55,56.65,85.38:20,32,47, 55.60,88.31:5,32,42,48,66,77,93.^:23, 35,51,70.41:8,37,43,46,47,57,69,88.42: 9,21,38,55,85,94,95.43:12,43,46,53,55, 70.44:11,13,26,27,46,54,102.45:2,12,26, 41,43,68,69,79,104.46:8,10.11,24,29,46, 48,57,70,71,90,91.41:4,24,36,50,80,82, 85.91. * Long-eared 0wl;4sio otus . 6:14.39.11:4.15: 15. II: 12. 25: 15 (Arkansas) .26:33.29:59. 30:16.36:21,43,103.33:91.31:79.41:67. 43:27.44:23.46:70,71,81. * Short-eared Qwl-.Asio flammeus . 5:10.3:76. 12:15,16,17,35.13:17.14:51,66,74.15:17. 23:62.23:10,11.74.24:9,14,30,78,80.23: 16,23,77.26:24,62,64.27:16,17,33.28:7. 29 : 7 , 21 .32. : 3 , 7 . 34 : 7 . 36 : '43 .32: 65 . 38 :94. 39 ; 42 .41:9 , 18 . 43 . 43: 12 , 14, 25 . 43: 12 , 20 , 21,24,76.46:29,44,71.42:46,48. * Saw-whet Ovl -.Aegoliua acadicua. 7:19.11:4. 17:60,67.23:13.28:23,28,34.36:15.43:16, 51,70.41:48,55.43:17,55.44:46,88.43:26. 43:57.42:103. Chuck-will ' a-\ii.dovi -.Caprimulgua aarolinenaia . 2:6,14.3:14.4:15,39.3:2,45,51.3:33.72. 2:1,3,6,49,71.8:27,42.10 : 3, 32, 52. II: 22. 32.37,45.59.14:11,26.13:22,26,27,28.30. 16:38.12:24,27.46,47.18:26.13:5,22,38. 23:31.35.21:26.21:23,24.23:5,25,27.53. 24:36.23:29,56.26:29.21:5,33,53,63,64, 65,81.23:21,23.46.23:21,31,58,59.30:22. 31,36,53.31:31,43,56,57,58,80.32:31.33: 29.35,36,51.34:31,35,51,54,95.35:41,43, 46,97-99.33:12.62,64,65,66,68,69,72,75, 95.31:23,24,25,37,56.38:32,47,51,54,55, 67,68.31:4,5,32,34,42,45,48,67,93.41: 35,49,51.41:37,47,57,85.42:38,44,74,94. 43:8,46,48,53,60.44:46,78,79,88.43:2,5, 6,43,79.43:29,57,70,81.41:4,5,78,80,82, 85,91,103. Whip-poor-will : vooifevua . 2: 11.3:14.4:15,39.5:7,18,22,52,6:3,33.1: 2,7,35,46,54.8:25,58.1:44.10:3,33.11: 56.12:36,59.11:43.14:26,61.13:26,28, 32.11:34.11:6,24,28,46,47.18:26.11:5, 13,22,38.21:30,32,33,35.21:12,26,61. 22.: 24 , 60 , 62 . 21: 3 , 5 , 26 , 27 , 53 . 24: 36 . 55 . 25:27,29,34,55.26:29,47.21:5,30,33,63, 64,65,81.28:8,21,23,27,44,56.29:21,31, 59.21:22,31,36.31:31,43,44,56,63,64, 80.12:31,41,45,46.12:29,35,49,51,55. 34:31,50,71,92,96.21:46,63,96,100,101, 102.26:53,62,63,64,65,66,69,72,79,80, 107.37:23,24,25,29,37,42,55,82,87.38: 32, 41, 48, 51, 54, 55, 66, 68. 22.: 4, 5, 32, 34, 42 , 43 , 45 , 48 , 67 , 85 , 89 , 9 3 . 40 : 19 , 26 , 35 , 45 , 46,49,51,66,79.41:37,43,47,69,85.42:38, 44,72,74,79,80,94.43:46,51,53,80,102. 44:46.45:2,3,5,6,7,20,43,67,76.46:57, 65,70,88.41:19,78,82,85,91. Common Nighthawk : 7es minor. 2:11, 14.3:14.4:15,38.5:2,7,19,27,41,44,48, 52.6:3,72,85.7:2,7,35,46,47,49,57,101. S.: 25 . 2.: 2 , 19 , 46 , 66 . id: 3 , 33 , 42 , 47 , 52 , 67 , 75. 11: 56, 66 (C.m.c^zapmani) ,78.12:22,32, 45,59.13:25,37,56.14:11,37,52,56.15:23, 26,28,30,32,33.14:45,46,47.17:4,5,24. 18 : 26 . 19 : 11 , 12 , 22 , 39 . 20 : 30 , 35 . n : 3 , 6 , 26,41,53,61.22:24,47.23:3,5,27,55,56. 24:36,59.25:12,17,29,56.24:29,50.27:5, 10,19,33,47,50,52.28:12,21,23,32,42,67, 68,71.24:21,31,54,56.30:22.31:10,31,39, 58,59,69,80.32:9,31,45.33:12,29,47.34: 8,31,50,72,73,74,75,76.35:38,41,46,61, 65 , 102 , 104 , 106.14: 44,63,64,65,66,69,72, 94,95,97,98,100.37:20,23,24,25,27,29, 37,53,81,83,84,85.38:32,47,48,51,54,55, 66,94,95,97,98,102.39:4,26,32,34,43,45, 48,90,93,96.40:35,46,49,90.41:37,43,56, 69,85,88.42:38,44,47,48,74,92,94.43:22, 25,46,51.53,78,100,102.44:46,50,53,100, 102.41:2,43,76.46:19.20,22,24,29,46,57, 62,63,66,71.41:4,21,82,91. Chimney Swift : C?zaetura pelagica. 1:18.2: 12,14,24.3:14,34,48.4:8,15,40,49.5:2,7, 13,19,22,28,43,48,52,59,60.6:3,68,79, 90,93.1:2,3,7,35,46.49,71,75,79,84,88, 100,103.8:25,36,52,70,76,79,85,87,88.9: 2,44,46-49,65,66,71,72,77-86,97.10:3, 32,38,47,52,67,74,75,81.11:38-44,56,73, 77,82,91,104,105,115,116.12:26,32,37, 46,57,63,69,70,76.13:37,44,68,71,75.14: 6,11,19,47,52,53,60.15:3,17,20,26,28, 30,37-55,57,59,60,63.16:2,3,11,12,13, 14,31,32,34.12:6,22,24,29,31,32,37,55, 67.18:26,62.11:5,22,39.20:24,30,35.21: 3,7,17-21,26,61.22:13,25,28.23:5,27.24: 37,58,59.25:15,29,55.26:29,38.22:5,33, 50.28:2,8,12,23,32,36,61.29:21,31,53, 55.30:17,22,29,34,39.21:31,39,47,48,59, 69.32:31,42,61.33:3,7,10,29,53,54. 34:31,33,71,72.35:39,41,43,46,63,102, 104,106.36:31,32,63,64,65,66,72,92,93, 94,95,96,97,98,100.22:20,23,24,26,27, 37,81,83,84,85.28:2,32,48,51,53,54,55, 95,98,102.39:5,7,8,32,34,42,43,45,90, 93,96.40:35,46,49,51,90.41:37,43,52,56, 85,89.42:38,44,48,74,79,94.43:46,51,53, 77,102.44:26,46,53,79,85,102,104.45:2, 5,7,43,78.46:22,24,29,57,63,65,66,68. 42:3,4,75,78,80,82,83,85,91. Ruby-throated Hummingbird:/lrc?zt7oe?zKS oolubria . 2:1,11,14.2:14,27,30,34,35,49.4:15,36, 37.5:1,2,7,22,52,64.4:3,72,86.2:2,6,35, 46,49,84,101.8:25,76.9:2,44,48,66,97. Id: 3 , 52 , 66 , 70 , 76 . 11: 34 , 56 , 73 . 12 : 32 , 39 , 49,75.12:48,68.14:37,47,53.15:23,26,63. 16:34,42,47.12:6,24,55.18:26.19:5,12, 22, 39. 2d: 29, 30, 35. 21: 7, 24, 26, 53, 61. 22: 25,27,49.22:5,25,27.24:37,66-68.22:29, 51.24:29,38,44,46.22:5,30,33,49.28:17, 21,23,27,36-39,45,70.29:22,31,54,57.30: 22.21:31,39,47,69.22:1^,31.21:29.24:8, 9,23,31,50,51,52,73.12:16,38,39,41,43, 46,102,104,106.36:44,65,66,72,92,93,94, 13 95,96,97,98.100.12:20,23,26,37,46,55, 81,82,83,85.38:13,32,36,47,48,51,53.54, 55,98,99.39:32,34,43,67,93.40:10,19,35, 46,51.41:23,37,43,56.85.42:19,38,44,74, 77,79.43:46,53,77,79,89.44:46,79,85, 102.41:2,5,8,21,43,76.46:30,57.42:4,5, 21,29,78,82,85,91. Belted Kingfisher alcyon. 2:4, 6,14,25.1:7,14,42,49.4:5,15,27.5:7,8, 19,22,42,52.4:8.2:5,11,35,53,60.8:8,22, 25, 60, 76. 2.: 2, 7, 16, 17, 44, 53. 10: 3, 5, 6, 8, 13,33,43,81.11:22,23,27,56,103,112.12: 7,9,32.11:17,19,62,76.14:74.15:26,70, 77.16:34,59.12:24,64,69.18:26,55,57.19: 3,12,22,39,67.20:30,35,62.21:26,61,75. 22:25,67.23:5,27,59,69.24:37,77.21:26, 29,56,77.26:16,29,62.22:5,19,33,72.28: 23,60,61,65.29:22,28,29,31,53,71.30:16, 22,34,66.31:14,16,31,69,75.32:31,69.33: 3,10,29,68.14:31,83.35:46,112.14:10,43, 72,88,92,97.12:37,65,82.38:2,9,10,32, 88.11:32,34,77,82.40:20,26,35,77.41:8, 37,56.42:9,38,74,79.41:12,43,46,51,89. 44:11,14,46.41:2,5,7,8,12,43.44:8,30, 57.42:4,36,43,82,85,91. Common Flicker : CoZaptes auratus. 1:15.2:2, 4,6,14,27.3:7,9,14,27,42,44,46.4:2,4,5, 15,21,24,27.1:2,8,18,22,30,46,52.6:8, 83.2:2,8,11,35,84.8:8,25,80,83.9:2,7, 16-19,44,46,47,50,69-71,90,92,96.10:3, 5, 6, 32, 52, 67, 81. 11: 22, 23, 30 (C. a. fcoreaZis) , 31 , 50 , 57 (C. a . luteus) ,61 {C . a. luteus) , 73,75,112.12:6,7,9,37.13:17,19,27,48, 54, 55, 62, 75, 76. 14: 1,2, 4, 5, 11, 24A, 40, 42, 45, 53,59,67-70,74.15:8,9,12,16,21,26,28, 35,57,63,70,77.11:12,30,34,42,59.17:24, 27,55,64,69.18:11,12,26,55,57.19:5,11, 13,22,39,67.20:13,28,30,35,62.21:25,42, 61,75.22:16,18,25,67.23:6,9,13,27,59, 70.24:37,78.21:29,77.21:16,29,38,62.21: 5, 33, 72. 21: 11, 12, 23, 61, 65. 29.: 22, 31, 53, 71,73.20:16,19,22,60(C.a.ea/er) ,66-31.: 16,31,39,59,64,69,75.32:31,43,69.33:10, 27,29,42,68,71,72.34:12,15,31,66,74,83, 90.35:46.36:6,10,11,37,43,57,61,64,72, 81,88,92,93,97,98.37:9,29,37,65,84.38: 2,9,13,21,22,32,88.31:7,32,35,77.41:26, 33,35,79.41:8,37,56,85.42:9,38,74,79, 80.41:12,46,69,100.44:11,14,30,46,78. 45:2,5,12,30,43,58.46:8,30,50,57,73,74. 47:4,36,50,82,85,91. Pileated Woodpecker : Dry ocopws -pileatus . i: 15.2:4,6,27.1:5,7,14,40,41,42,49.4:2,5, 15,24,27,39.1:4,7,8,22,42,52,58.1:8,36, 50,71,72,73.1:2,3,11,35.8:8,17,25.1:7, 16,17,44,52,71.10:3,5,6,9,27,43,52,60, 63,81.11:22,23,31,57.12:7,9,15,32.11: 17,19,33,35,42,62,75,76.14:4,10,11,15, 19,59,60,74.11:8,16,18,23,26,28,33,63, 70.16:11,12,59.11:10,19,24,27,43,46,55, 63,64,70.18:8,26,55.57.11:5,8,22.39,67. 21:30,35,62.21:26,61,75.22:15,25,28,48, 49,67.21:5,9,13,26,27,59,70.24:13,37, 78,83.21:29,54,77.21:29,39,62.27:5.33, 46.47.72.21:23,65.21:22,31,71.10:8,16, 22,34,63,66.31:17,31,39,51,59,73,75. 12:31,69,72,73.13:27,29,68,71,72.14:31. 83,88.35:16,46,110,112.31:43,72,86,88, 91,92,93,97.11:34,37,65,68,87.38 :2,9, 10,21,32,37,57,58,59.88.39 : 32, 35, 77, 85. 40:33,35.41:8.37.56.42:9,38,74,77,79, 85.43:8,12,46.44:11,43.46,67.45:2,5,6, 7,12,41,43,83.41:8.30,57.41:4,36,82,85, 91. Red-bellied Woodpecker : Me Zanerpes aarolinus . 1:15.2:4,6,14.1:7,14,27,41,42.4:5,15, 27,40.5:8,42.52.1:8,68,71.7:10,11.8:8, 26.9:7,15-17,48,70.11:3,5,6,27,32,43, 52,81.11:22,23,57.12:7,9,16,33.13:17, 19,62,75,76.14:11,46,53,59,74.11:23,28, 33,57,70,77,78.11:12,34,59.17:10,24,47, 63,64,69.18:8,26,55,57.11:5,12,22,39, 67.20:30,35,62.21:26,61,75.21:16,25,67. 21:5,9,13,26,27,59,68,70,74.24:13,37, 78.25:16,29,54,77.26:16,29,62.27:5,33, 72. 28: 23, 65, 68. 22.: 22. 31, 51, 71. 30: 10. 16. 22.34,41,66.31:31,69,75.32:31,69.13:14, ' 27,29.68.14:11,23,31,54,75,77,83,90.11: 46,65,104,113.36:10,11,43,69,72,88,92, 98.37:9,24,37,46,65,84.38:2,13,21,22, 33,54,88.31:4,5,32,35,77,82,85,96.40: 33,35,51.41:8,37,56.42:9,14,16,38,75, 79.41:12,46,77.44:11,14,46,85.45:2,5,6, 7,8,12,43,53.46:8,19,30,57.47:4,36,82, 85.87.91. ; Red-Headed Woodpecker : Me Zanerpes ery throcephalus j 2:4,6,14.3:7,14,27,42.4:5,16,46.5:2,8, [ 10,18,22,48,52.6:8,14,83.7:10,11,26,35, 101.8:8,17,18,26.9:6,7,16,18,70,71.10: 3,5,6,9,32,43,52,67.11:22-24,26,35,57, f 64,75.12:7,17,33,37.11:17.19,24,33,44, I, 47,62,64,73.14:38,46,53,56,59,68,74.15: 8,23,28,35,57,70,77.16:32,58,59,60.17: | 24,64.11:26,55,57.19:5,11,12,22,40,67. 20:30,35,62.21:26,61,75.22:16,17,25,27, i 43,48,67.23:27,70,73.24:14,16,37,59,78. | 21:29 ,77.26 : 29, 49 ,62.22:5,20,33,72,78, 81.28:23,65,68,71.29:22,31,71.10:16,22, |i 36,39,66.31:3,31,47,51,59,76.32:4,19, 31,69.11:29,49,50,51,55,63,66,68.14:11, 23,31,51,52,54,66,77,81,83,89.11:8,18, ! 41,46,61,65,104,106,113.16:6,7,11,43, ' 65,66,69,72,88,92,98,100.12:7,9 ,20,24, 27,29,37,54,65,84,85.31:6,13,20,22,33, j 54,55,68,88,95,101,102.11:23,32,35,43, i 67,77,85,89,90.40:23,36.41:8,23,37,43, 56,85.42:9,38,75,84.41:12,15,27,43,46, fe 53,79.44:11,14,15,26,46,53,80,98,100, 104.41:2,10,12,41,43,79,103.46:8,22,30, |i 46,57,68,70,88.42:4,24,36,80,82,91. !i Yellow-bellied Sapsucker : Sphyrapiaus varius. 2:4,27.3:7,42.4:6,16,27.5:8,27.6:8.7: |! 11.1:8,14.9:7,16,17,43,44,96,98.10:3,5, ! 6,9,42,81.11:22,23.12:7,9,16.13:17,19, 44,56,62,75,76.14:14,55,74,75.15:28,63, . 70,74,77,78.14:12,58,59.17:10,55,69.18: j 26,55,57.19:8,40,67.20:30,62.21:62,75. | 22:15,28,67.23:27,59,70.24:78.21:16,26, 29,37-41,77.24:29 ,51,62.21:6,49 ,72.28: i 12,13,56,65.^:22,31,71.30:11,41,66.31: 16,31,63,64,76.32:31,70.11:3,6,29,68. | 34:8,13,31,74,77,83,88,90.14:38,41,43, | 46,96,106,113.16:10,11,43,57,63,65,66, 72,81,88,95,98,100.12:9 ,23,26,29,37,46, I 65,82,83,84,85.18:9,22,33,48,51,54,55, 88,95,98,100,101,102.39: 26', 32,43.48,63, | 66,77.82,90,93,96.40:26,36,46,49,70,79, ! 90.41:8,37,43,71,85,89.42:7,9,16,38,44, i 92.43:12,46,79,80.44:6,11,14,46,51,53, j 59.76,102,104.44:12,43,104.46:8,19,57. 47:16,17,36,50,91. , I Hairy Woodpecker : Picol^des villosus . 1:15. 1 2:4,6.1:7,14,27,43.4:6,16,27.4:2,8,19, ! 22. 52. 6: 8. 7: 11, 35, 59. 84.8:8,26.4:2, 7, 16,17,44,47,48,70,71,92.10:3.5.6,33,43, 52,60,67,81.11:6,22,23,31,57,73,112.12: j 7,9,33,35.13:17,19,55,62,76.14:6,11.21, 74.14:8,23,28,33,63,70,77.16:33,59.12: 6,24.47,55,64,67,69.18:8,26,55,57.19 : I 22,40,67.20:30,35,62.21:26,42,62,76.22: 25,28,67.23:5,9,29,70.24:37,78,83.24: 27,30,77.26:16,29 .38,62.27 : 6, 33, 72. 28: 12,23,45,65.24:22,31,71.40:16,22,41,63, j 66.41:31,73,76,78.42:31,70,72,73.331^7, 29,41,68,71,72.44:31,32,83,88.44:46,65, | 104,110,113.46:7,11,12,43,57,61,65,72, 86,88,91,93,100.22:9.24,37,56,65,69,85. 48:9,17,22,33,55,68,88,100.44:32,35,65, 77,82.83.40:36.41:8.24,37,52,53,56,57. 42:9,38,75,79.43:12,18,46.44:11,46.44: 2.5,12,43.46:8,14.30,57.42:4,36,82,85, 87.91. Downy Woodpecker : PicoZdes pubesoens. 1:15. 2:4.6,14,27.3:7.14.27,41,43,44.4:6,16, 27.5:2,7,8,19,35,46,52.4:8,71.7:3,11, 35,84.8:2,8,26,48.4:2,7,16,17,44,45 (P.p.medianus) ,47,48,70,71,92.1(1:3.5,6, 33.43,52.60,67,81.11:6,22,23,31.57,73, 112.12:7,9,33.13:17,19,48,55,62,75,76. 14:4,6,11,21,46,53,74.15:26,28,57,63, 14 70,77.78.16:34,59.17:24,46,56.64,69.18: 8 , 9 . 26 . 55 , 57 . 12.: 5 , 8 . 22 , 40 , 66 , 67 . 20 : 28 , 30,35,62.21:26,42,62,76,80.22:15.16,25, 67.70.21:5,9,27.59,70,74.^:37,78,83. 21:30,77.21:16,29,38,62.27:6,33,58,72. 28:23,27,65.21:22,31,53,71.30:10,16, 19,22,41,63,66.31:31,39,50.69.73.76,78. 32 : 31 , 70 , 72 , 73 . 11: 14 , 29 , 68 , 71 , 72 . 34 : 11 , 23.31,83,88,90.11:46,112.36:10,43,57, 61,72.86.88,91,92,97.37:37,46,65.18:29, 13, 17, 33, 88.31:32,35, 77, 82, 83, 85.^: 33, 36. 8, 28, 37, 56. 5, 9, 38, 75, 78, 79. «: 3,12,18,46,69.^:11,46.^5:2,5,6.7,8.12, 43.99. ^:8.14,30,57.41:4,36,43,82,85, 87.91. * Red-cockaded Woodpecker : P-teoides borealis . 4:39.1:2.7:35,103.8:26.13:33,47.17:13. 18:8.19:13,40.26:19.27:18.28:8,9.11:47. 32 : 31, 70. 11: 29, 32, 40-45. lA: 25, 31, 71. 35: 37,52.36:59,72.75.37:37,39 .38:60.39:45, 64. 68. 41 : 3, 69. 42 : 44, 69. «: 2, 54, 76, 79.4A:84.AZ:95. * Ivory-billed Woodpecker : Campep?zi 7ks prinoipalis . 8:65.11:60.14:19.41:63.44:67. Eastern Kingbird : Pyrannus tyrannus . 1:15. 2:11,14.1:14.4:16,36.1:2,18,52.1:3,70. 7:3,6.7.35,49.8:26.57,60.9:2,49.10:3. 11:49,56.12:33.37,59.11:32,44.14:11.37, 39,53.15:28,30.16:34.12:17,18,19,24.18: 26.19:5,13,22,41.20:30,35.21:7,24,26. 62.22:25,27.21:5,27,32.24:37.21:26,30. 21:29.47.22:6,33.28:23.29:22,28,31,34, 53,56.30:22,34.11:31,39,69.32:5,31,45. 11:10,29.34:31,72,73.31:39,40,41,43,46, 55,103.11:63,64,65,66,72,92,94,95.100. 37:20,23,24,26,27,37,45,46,54,81,83.38: 13, 33, 48. 51, 54, 55, 95, 98. 99. 3£: 5, 26, 32, 35,42,43,45,48,75,77,81,85,90,93.40:36, 44,46,49,51,69,93.41:37,43,56,69,85.42: 38,75.79,84,94,95.43:25,46,51,102.44: 18,46,53,85,100,102.41:2,5,7,22,43,76. 46:20,22,30,57,65,78.47:4,21,78,82,85, 91. * Western Kingbird : Pz/rannwe vertioalis . 18.: 28.21:33.29 : 28. 32: 4. 38: 65 (Arkansas) .40: 44,90.43:98.44:18. * Scissor-tailed Flycatcher :Wwsciuora forfiaata. 35:55.36:59.37:59.41:68.43:51.46:65.47: 76.99. Great Crested Flycatcher :Wj/tarc/2MS arinitus. 2:11,14.3:14.4:16.5:2,18,46,52.6:3,20, 71.2:2,3.6,8,35.38,46.8:26,48.9:24,44, 48,53.11:3,52,60,67.11:54,57.64,65,73. 12:33,45.14:11,40,53.11:23,26,30.32,57. 16:8,9,34,42.17:24,29.30,56.18:26.19:5, 11,22,41.20:35.21:26,62.22:25,28,42.23: 5,27.24:37.21:30,51.67.26:29,65.22:6, 30, 33. 28: 23,32.21: 22, 31. 30: 22, 38. 31: 31, 39.32:31.33:29,44.34:23,31.35:43,46.36: 63,65,66,72,92.^:20,21^,26,29,37 81.18:13,33,48,51.53,54,55.11:5,32.35, 42,48,93.^:36,45,46,49,51,79.41:37,43, 56,85.42:38,48,72,75,79.41:46,51.44:5, 6, 46, 80. 2, 5, 7. 43, 79. 46: 31. 57, 71. 47: 4.82.85.91. Eastern ~Phoehe: Say ornis phoebe . 1:5,15.2: 5.6.26.1:7,14,43.4:16,26.27,37,51.1:2, 9,19,22^53,59.6:7.7:11,20,35.98,99.8:8, 17,18,26,73.9:2,7,19,44,48,50,53,71.10: 3.5,6,9,14,50,52.74.81.11:22,23,26.27, 57,64,73,103.12:7,10.33,36,37,71.13:19, 34,36.44,62,67,76.14:39,48,70-72,74.15: 28,30,59,70,71,77.16:14,34,47,59,60.12: 24,49.64,65.69.18:25,26,55.19:5,13,22, 41,67.20:29,30,33.35,44.21:12,26,62,76. 25, 28, 42, 67. 23: 11, 26, 27, 32, 68, 70. 24: 14,15,16,17,34,35,37,60,78.25:16,17.27, 30,78.16:16,29,47.62.27:6,18,33.72.28: 12, 17, 18. 23, 27,65,67,70.29.: 22, 29, 31, 53, 57,69,71.10:9,11,16,18,19,22,25,66.11: 14,17.18,31,44,69.73,76.32:8,10,31.39, 70.33:10,27.29,36,63,68.34:11,23,31,41- 49,74,80,84,88 , 35:15,31,39,43,46, 113.36 :9, 10, 11, 43, 57, 64, 72, 89, 92, 93. 37 : 8,10,37,45.46,65.68,84.38:13,20,22,33, 53,54.88,95,102.11:5,32,35,77.40:20,24, 33,36,46.41:8,37,43,56,57.^:9.38,75, 77,79,80.43:12,16,43,46.44:11,22,46,85. 45:2,5,8,12,14,43,99.^:8,14,31,57.47: 4,36,38.39,82,85,91. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher -.Empidonax flaviventris 7:71.8:2.13:43.14:37.15:55.16 : 29. 18: 34. 20:11.21:62.22:19,46,60,62.23:25,27,51. 25:67.27:10.29:22,28,31.30:15.31:64.32: 31,44.33:7,13,51,59.34:15,31,51,56,66. 35:46,49.61,96,103.36:56,57,81,94.37: 29. 45, 46, 54, 85. M: 66. 31: 63. 64, 90. 40: 26. 70,79,88,90.^:85,88.42:16.43:80,103.44:98, 99,100.102,104.^:18,20,67.68.47:9,17, 19,21,24,99. Acadian Flycatcher -.Empidonax viresaens. 2: 12.3:14.4:16.5:2,19,22,53,59.6:33.7:6, 35,49,98.9:44,50.10:3,53,60.11:54,64, 67,73.12:33,35.13:33.14:38.15:23.26.16: 34.17:24.18:26.19:6,12,22,41.20:11,29, 30,35.21:26,62.22:25,62.23:27.24:37.25: 30,64,67.26:29,39.27:5,10,33.28:18,23. 29:22,31,42.30:22.31:31,39.32:13,31.33: 29.34:31.50.35:39,43,46,102.36:65,72, 82,92,93.37:24,26,29,37,45,46,62.38:13, 33,48,51,54,55,95.11:26,32,35,67.96.^: 36,46,49,51,69,79,90.41:37,43,56,69.42: 16,25,26,38,75,78,79.80,83.43:43,46,51, 77,100,103.44:46,53,85.45:2,5,6,7,8,30, 40,43.46:57,65.47:4,19,21,82,85,91. * Traill's Flycatcher. This complex includes both the Willow Flycatcher , Empidonax traillii , and the Alder Flycatcher, Empi- donax alnorum. Prior to 1957 this complex was called "Alder Flycatcher"; this is potentially confusing since the A.O.U. Checklist Committee in 1973 recognized that the Traill's complex was composed of two species and named one of them Alder Flycatcher. In this index I have placed all references to the southern breeding form with the "fitz-bew" song-type under the Willow Flycatcher heading. References to the northern form with the "fee-bee-o" song-type are placed under Alder Flycatcher heading. I have done this regardless of which name is used in The Migrant , but only when sufficient information was given to allow me to make these determinations. The remaining references are placed under the Traill's Flycatcher heading. Many of the records under this last heading could still be referred to the proper species if the observers were contacted regarding which song-type they had heard; since the birds in question could not have been reliably identified as Traill's Flycatchers (except in the hand) without hearing their vocali- zations. I feel certain that many of the spring observations of Traill's Flycatchers are referable to the Willow Flycatcher. The observers simply did not mention the song- type because at the time of their observa- tions only one species was recognized. Traill's Flycatcher. 6:33.16:29.18:34.21: 51.22:23.26:48.27:10,68.28:56,57.31:64.32: 4,13.33:13.34:31.51.35:43,61,102.37:29,45. 54.38:33,66,68,95.39:26,89.40:26.69,70,90. 41:3,71.42:68,72,75,79,80,92.42:54,55.44: 51,53.44:78.46 : 20.^: 21. * Willow Flycatcher -.EmpTdonax traillii. 19:41. 21:62.21:37.30:40.31:55.32:52.33:38,51.35: 64,66.37:56.40:70.41:71,72.42:25,71.41:76, 79,80,81.44:54,84.87,88.100.45:43,76,78, 101,103.46:88.90,91.47:19.78.82,83,85,91, 100,101,103. * Alder Flycatcher : Pmpfdonaa: alnorum. 31:39.43: 83.46:55,57.41:76. Least Flycatcher -.Empidonax minimus. 3:14.1: 22, 53. 1:17.1:2. 11:67.11:67. 14: 37, 56. 15: 30, 32,55.16 : 29, 34. 11:6, 24. 18: 25, 26, 34. 11; 21, 22,41,62.20:29,35.21:26,49,62.22:25.23:25, 27.24:37.25:30,54,67.26:29.21:23,43,56.29 : 22,28,31.10:22.31:31.12:31.33:13,29,51.34: 15,32,72.15:43,46,61,103.11:65,72.37:29, 37,45,46,54,62.38:33,51,55,66.31:32,42,43, 67,89,90.40:26,36,70,90.41:37,71,74,85.41: 15 16,25,26,38.68,69,71,75,79.43:46,51,54, 55.44:46,87,100.45:22,30,43,58,76.^: 20,50,57,65,66.47:19,21,24,76,80,91. Eastern Wood Fewee : Contopus virens. 2:12, 14.1:14.4:16.5:2,18,22,27,42,46,53.6: 3,68,71.72,77.7:3,7,35,49.8:26,48.9: 2,18.19.25,44.46-48,69,97.10:3.53.11: 57,64,73,74.12:33,45.13:48,55.14:11,53, 55.11:23,26,30,63,74.16:34.12:24,48,56. 18:26,53.19:6.22,41.^:11,29,30,35.21: 26,62.22:25,60.62.23:5.26,27 .2A:37 .21: 30,67.26:29,38,39.22:6,10,33.28:12,18, 23,27.22:22,31.31:19,22.31:31,39,45, 55,59,64,69.32:31.31:29,59.34:15,23,32, 66,73.31:39,43,46,102,104.36:63,65,72, 81,92,95,96,98,100.32:20,24,26,29,37, 45,46,85.38:2,13,33,48,51,54,55,94,98. 101.39:5,26,32,35,42.43,90,93.40:26.36, 45,46,51,57,79,87,90.41:37.43,56,85.42: 16,38,75,78,79,92,95.43:46,102.44:4,46, 75, 78,85.45:2,5,6,7,8,43.^:23, 31,50, 57,66,68.42:4,19,76,82,85,91. Olive-sided Flycatcher -.Nuttallornis borealis. 6:93.2:18,74.8:39,40.1:43,44.12:59,72. 13:40,43.14:37,52,56.16:38.19:22,42.23: 3,25.24:74.21:30,54,67.26:39.51.27:53. 28:21,23,43,54.21:22,31,57.30:22.31:31, 39.33:29.34:71.35:39.36:64,72,75,84,89, 96.32:37.38:47.31:32,34,90,93.40:36,69, 70,90,93.41:37,69,71,85,88.42:55.43:55, 76,79,80.41:46,50,100.45:22,43,102.46 : 19,88,91.42:6,19,69,70,71,76,91,103. * Vermilion Flycatcher -.Pyrooephalus rubinus . 23 : 3 . 36.: 14 , 15 . 39 : 12 . 40 : 17 , 19 68 . 42 ; 91.44:99. Horned Lark -.Eremophila alpestris . Those nijm- bers followed by an "A" refer also to the subspecies E. a. alpestris. The remaining numbers presumably refer only to E. a. pratieola. 1:15.2:26,30,31.3:7,10,14,28, 36,43.4:6,20,27,36,49.5:9,11,26,53.6:3, 8,13,33,39.2:1,3,11A,21,24,25A,50,84.8: 8A, 18, 27, 36, 80, 84.2.: 7, 8A, 16, 17, 50, 67, 90-92.10:5,6,12,18,33.11:5A,7,8A,13, 14A, 22, 23, 51, 54, 67A, 78, 103. 12: 7, 9, 18, 33, 34, 36, 37, 73. 13.: 17, 19, 43, 44, 46, 55, 62, 75. 14 : 2, 12, 20, 38, 65A, 74, 77, 79. 15: 9, 15, 29,57,70,71,77.13:11,34,45,59.12:15,21, 24,28,64.13:9,26,55,62.19:22,42,67.20: 28,30,31,35 ,62.21:15,26,37-41,52,53,62, 76,80.22:13,15,16,19,25,67.23:3,27,49. 24:16,18,26-27,37,58,78.25:17,18,30,78. 23:16,29,44,62.22:6,33,72.28:9,13,23,65. 29 : 9, 22, 31, 53, 55, 60, 71. 30: 22, 34, 66. 31: 13,16,31,36,37,69,76.32:5,10,31,50,70, 72.33:10,28,48,68,72.34:11,32,52,75,84, 88,89,90.35:46,113.16:9,10,12,43,72,89, 95,97,98,100.32:8,9,10,26,37,54,55,56, 65,82,84.38:2,9,21,22,33,54,88,102.39 : 5,19,20,22,23,32,35,77.40:20,36,45,49. 41:8,37,43,56,57,66,69.42:9,19,38,63,75, 79.41:12,46,96.44:11,27,43,46,79,80.41: 2,5,8,12,21,26,43,102,103.46:8,10,20,46, 48,57.42:4,24,35,36,48,82,85,91. Tree S\jallow : Iridoproane bicolor. 1:37.4:8, 16,36,49.1:60,62.6:17,91.2:49,69,98.8: 15,18,42,87.9:14,64.10:3,57,74.11:27, 103.12:26,58,71.11:35,54,66,67.15:77.16: 34,45,64.12:24,28,51.18:26,62.19:22.20.: 35,68.21:7,26,51,67.22:13,25,28.21:28, 39,53.24:37.25:15,27,30,51.26:29,44,50. 22:6,16,33,67,68.28:6,8,23,42,61.29:22, 31 , 53 . 10. : 14 , 22 , 34 . 11 : 11 , 31 , 44 , 70 . 12: 31 , 45.31:10,12,29,50.14:7,13,23,32,49,50, 71.15:41,43,46,51,66,102,106.11:8,37,43, 63,64,66,68,72,92,93,95.12:20,23,26,37, 54.18:18,19,33,48,51,54,55,65,67,93,98, 99 .19:32,42.43,45,48,59,60,61,63,64,66, 77,86,89.93.40:23,36,46,49,51,68,70,90. 41:21,37,43,71,83,85,89.42:38.47,68,91, 94.41:10,12,14,23,27,46,51,54.55,75,79, 98.102.44:22,46,53,81,95,96,97,100,102. 44:2,43,55,76,78,79,101.46:23,24,44,46, 57,68,70,83,86,87,88,90,91.47:6,19,21, 47,48,78,80,82,91,100,101. Bank Swallow : fftparfa riparia. 1:37.4:16.5: 60,62.6:91.7:7,69,100.8:4.9:64.10:3.11: 67.12:26,34,58.16:34.17:24,28.18:26,62. 11:22.20:35.21:7,26,51,62.22:25,46.21: 28.24:37.25:30,52.26:26,29.21:67.28:42, 60.21:22,31,53,59 .30:14,20,22,34.31:11, 31,44,45,70.12:31,41,43.11:10,29,47,49, 50,51.14:32,49.15:41,46,66,106.16:63, 65,68,69,72,75,95.17:23,37,55.18:33,47, 48,51,54,55,67.11:32,45,64,66,89,90,93. 41:36,46,70,92,93.41:37,68,71,89.42:38. 72, 75.94.43:46,48,54,79 ,98,102.44:46, 60,78,102.45:43,53,56.46:24,57,68,88. 42:1.4,5,19.22,78,80,82,91,100,101. Rough-winged Sviallov! -.Stelgidopteryx rufiaollis. 2:6,14.3:14,37.4:8.16,51.5:2.42,53,60, 62.6:4,12,83,91.7:7,36,46,49,69,100.8: 26,42,60,76.9:44,63,64.10:3,29.11:54.91. 12:21,26,33,34,58.11:26,28,30,33.16:34. 12:24.18:26,62.11:11,13,22,42.^:30,35, 68.21:8,26.51,53,62.22:13.19,25,46.23: 5,28,49.24:37.25:30.26:29,50.22:6,20,33, 68.28:23,42.43,60,61.29:22,31,53,59 .30: 14,22,34.31:31,59,70.32:31,37,40,42,45. 31:10,29.14:32,75.35:16,39,41,43,46,51, 117.36:8,63,64,65,66,68,72,92,95,96.32:23, 26,37,54,55.38:2,33,48,51,54,55,67.98. 39 : 7 , 32 . 35 , 43 , 46 , 48 , 64 , 89 . 40 : 36 , 45 , 46 , 49,51.41:37,43,46,56,85,89.42:38,44,48. 69,75,79.94.43:25,46,54,77,79,102.44:26, 46,53,85,103.45:2,5,8,43,99.46:31,57,68. 42:4,22,24,82,85,91. Barn Swallow rustioa. 2:6,14.1:14, 37.4:16,22,39,51.5:3,19,22,53,60,62.6:3, 52,70,91,93.2:3,7,46,49,69,98,100.8:42, 60,76.9:2,64,65.10:3,29.11:48,54.12:26, 33,34,37,58,59.11:33,34,43,44.14:55.11: 28,30,33.16:34.12:6,21,24,28.47.11:26, 62.11:22,42.20:30,35,44.21:8,26,51,52, 54,62.22:13,25,46.^:6,28,49.24:37.25: 30.52.26:16-17,29.46,49,50.22:6.30,33, 50.21:7,23,26,42,45,60,61,69.29:22,31, 53,59.30:1^.22,34.11:31,45.47,70.32:31, 39,43.13:10,12,29 ,47,49 ,50,51.34:23,32, 48,49, 50 .31:38,39,41,43,46, 104,106 . 36 : 8.44,63,64,65,66,68,69,72,92,93,95,96, 98.32:20,23,26,37,55,83,85.38:2,13,33, 48,53,54,55,66,67,93,98,101.39:4,5,7,8, 32,35,43,46,48,64,85,89,90.40:36,46,49, 51,66,67,90.41:37,43,46,57,78,85.42:38, 44,48.55,75,79,80,91,94.41:23,25,46,54. 89,102.44:46,53,85,96,103.45:2,3,5,8,24, 43,56,76.46:23,31,48,57,65,68.42:3,4,22, 48,82,83,84,85,91. Cliff Oyiallo^ :Petroohelidon pyrrhonota. 1: 37.1:53,62,63.6:34,50.2:29,38,46.54,69. 72,73,102.8:36,60.9:2.30,64,66.10:3,57. 11:67,76.12:21-24,71.11:32,48.14:62.16: 33,34.12:24,32.18:26,34,44,45.62.19:22. 20:30,35,68.21:8,26,62.22:25,31,46.23: 28,32,53.24:35,37,55.25:15,30,52.26:26, 29 , 49 . 27 : 33 . 28.: 23 , 42 , 69 . 29 : 22 , 31 , 54 . 30 : 14,22,34,54.31:31,43,44,45,70.12:31,37, 38,39,40.41,42,44.33:29,47,53.34:32,49, 75.35:35,38,41,46,52,65,66.36:2,67,68, 69,72,98.100.37:20,23,37,54,55,76.38:2, 33,47,48,51,54,55,98.39:32,35,42,43,46, 64,85,89,90,93,96.40:36,45,46,49,93.41: 37,43,69,71,77,78,85.42:38.47,69,71,75, 94.11:46,51,54,77,89.44:46,79,87.45:2,4, 5,8,20,43.46:24,57,68.47:24,48,82,83,84, 91. Purple Martin : Propna subis. 2:2,24.1:14.4: 8,16.5:3,18,29,32,42,53,59,60.6:3,12,52. 2:2,6,7,20,36.37,46,49,56,100.8:15,18, 26,36,42,60.9:5,13,19,28,29,31,44.46,48. 49,53,65,66.69.10:3,11,12,29,32,55,58, 67.11:27,28,32.57.74,78.12:15,32,35,45. 13:23,44,69.14:11,13,14,39,41,53.15:13, 16,17,19,27,28,35,57.16:11.14,34,47.17: 24 .M: 12 , 25 . 26 . 19 : 6 , 19 , 22 , 42 . 20 : 30 , 35 . 21:8,13,26,29,54,63.22:13,16,25,27,28,47. 23:6,10,12,13,28,54.24:15,37.25:17,27, 30 , 51 . 55 . 26.: 29 , 45 . 46 . 27 : 6 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 33 , 50 , 67 . 28: 8 , 11 , 21 , 23 , 42 , 44 . 29 : 7 , 8 , 9 , 16 22,31,54,56,57.30:10,14,17,22,28,34,38. 11:11,14,17,31,39,48,59,70.32:4,10,31, 45,46.33:10,13,17,29,49,50,53.34:8,12, 32,49,50,51.15:14,16,39,40,43,46,62,65, 66,117.36:8,44,63,64,65,66,68,72,92, 104.32:20,24,26,37,54.11:13,33,48,51, 53,54,55,66,67,68,94,98.19:32,35,42,43, 64,85,89 ,90,93,96.^:36,46,49,51,69,90, 9 3.^:37,43,47,56,85,89.42:38,45,47,48, 70,75,79,80,92,95.43:25,27,46,76,79, 102.^: 23, 26, 27, 46, 87, 88.^:2,5,21,24, 25,43,56,78,79,104.46:4,32,43,46,48,57, 71.^:4,22,48,60,80,82,85,91,103. Blue Jay : Cyanoaitta aristata. The subspecies, cristata, was mentioned several times; however, I have not given any special notation to these references since this is the form which is expected over most of the State. 1:15.2:4,6,14,26.3:7,9, 14,27,43.4:6,16,21,27,43,46.5:3,9,18, 19,22,35,46,53.6:8,21,62,68.7:10,11,35, 85.8:8,26,83.1:2,7,16-18,24-26,30,44, 46-51,70,96.11:3,5,6,10,33,53,63,65,75, 81.11:22,23,31,36,54,57,61,64,73.12:8, 9,16,33,37,46,47.13:17,19,30,33,44,48, 49,55,62,72,75,76.14:5,6,11,46,53,56, 58,74.15:8,12,16,26,28,57,63,67,70,77. 16:34,59.11:15,24,48,56,63,64,67,69.18: 10,26,40,55,57.11:6,8,11,22,27,42,66, 67.20:28,30,35,37,38,62.21:25,42.63,76. 22:14,25,44,67,70.23:5,28.59,70,74.24: 9,13,37,43,58,78,83.21:30,78.26:16,29, 38,62.21:6,19,33,59,72.28:23,27,30,37, 65.21:22,32,54,59,64,71.21:6,8.11,16, 22,29,34,41,66.31:14,31,39,51,59,73,76, 78.22:31,46,70.33:10,11,29.69,71,72.34: 32,71,84,88,89.31:29,46,104, 113 ,115.36: 10,43,72,89,92,93,97.32:5,9,27,37,46, 65,69,84.38:2,9,13,22,33,88,92.21:4,5, 8,15,32,35,77.85.40:16,33,36.41:8,37, 56,62,73.42:9 ,38,75,77,79.11:12,18,46, 100.44:11,14,18,46,80.45:2,5,6,7.12,43. 78.11:8,14,23,32,57.47:4,29,36,43,82, 83,84,85,91. * Black-billed Magpie :P-tca pica. 31 : 16 (escaped birds) . Common Raven :Coruws corax. 4:27.5:53.6:50, 93.7:24,51,58,85.8:1,25.1:2,6,7,42,44. 10:6.11:54.12:8.13:19,62.14:74.15:62, 63.70.16:21,38,58.17:13,14,24,56,63,64. 18:25,26,55.19:43.68.20:29,62.21:27,63, 73,76,80.22:25,67,70.23:25,28,70.24:37, 78,83.25 : 30, 78.^: 39 ,62.27:6.52,72.^: 23.33,44,46.21:32,56.31:31,76,78.12:24, 31,65.72,73.33:3.4,29,69,71.34:32,84, 88,89.35:47,110,113,115.36:6,12,31,43, 65,89,91,98.37:37,65,70.38:53,68,88,92, 98.11:23,32,40,48,77,96.^:36,51,70.41: 8,37,52,72,89 .42: 9, 22. 55,72. «: 12, 18. 46,55.44:11,27,46,54,59,69,88,104.45: 12,26,43,104.^:8,14,48,57,70.47:36,43, 50,80,91,103. Common Crow :CorUMS brachyrhynchos . 1:15.1: 4,6,14,27,28.3:4,7,14,31,43.4:6,16,27, 43,49.1:3,9,13,14,19,22,47,53,65.6:8, 36.7:2,3,11,35,47,100,103.8:8,17,29,50, 76,78.9:7,14,16,17,32,44,47-50,71,90, 92.10:3,5,6,25,29,47,53,58,60,61,77,81. ll:5,6,22,23,31,37(C.b.pa47ws) ,57,61, 64,65,112,117.12:8,9,33,37,45,68,75.11: 17,19,32,45,54,62,72,75,76.14:11,37,39, 53,74.11:26,57,70.77.16:12,20,21,34,59, 60.17:13,14,24,48,64,65,69.18:18,21,22, 26,49,50,55,57,58.19:6,8,12,22,43,66, 68.20 : 28, 30, 35, 62, 65. 21: 27, 63, 76, 79, 80. 22:16,17,25,37,67,70.23:5,28,51,58,59, 70.24:13,37,78.80,83.21:30,74,76,78.21: 16,29,40,59,60,62.22:6,33,72.28:23,29, 65.29:9,22,32,54,71.30:8,11,19,22,26, 27,34,63,66.31:31,39,59,70,73,76,78.32: 3,6,8,31,70.33:27,29,69.71,72.14:22.23, 32,84,86,88,89,90.31:18,47,63,113,115. 11:10,37,43,72,86,91,92,93,97.37:37,65, 69,72.18:2,9,33,88,90.19 :4,5,8,32,35, 77,82,85.40:33,36.41:6,8,37,40,56.42:9, 38,75,78.79,84.43:12,18,46.44:11,14,46, 69,80.11:2,3,5,6,7,12.43,66,99.46:8,14, 32,57.47:4,36.43,82,85,91. * Fish Crow : Coryws ossif vagus . 2:24. 1:27. Z: 68.13:42,67.14:51.11:33,77.16:45,59.17: 24.27.63,64.11:68.21:35.21:27,76.22:25, 67.23:28,70,72.24:37.21:30,74,78.26:29. 22 : 16 . 28 : 7 , 23 . 29 : 28 , 32 , 67 , 71 . 10 : 22 , 36 . 11:32, 76.12:31,70.11:29.14:32.15:31,47. 11: 72 , 89 . 37 : 37 . 65 . 18 : 33 , 88 . 19 : 42 , 77 , 89 . 11:36.41:8,37,56,57.42:9,18.11:12,46, 75.44:11,22,46.45:10,12,20,43.16:6,57. 47:4,38,45,91. Black-capped Chickadee : Parws atricapillus . There are a few references to the sub- species, praoticus , which is, however, the only form known from Tennessee. 4: 28.5:53.2:58.9:3,6,7,43,44.10:5-7.11: 24,31.12:8.11:20,41,63.14:73.15:69.16: 58.12:6,24,63.18:25,26,55,58.19:43,66, 68, 70. 20: 28, 30, 62, 65, 67. 21: 76, 79. 22.: 67, 69,70,73.24:78,82.25:75,78.26:37,39,40, 60,62.22:72.28:24,33,65 .29:69,71. 11:63,66.31:76.12:70,72.11:69,71.14: 84,88.11:68,113.11:12,86,89.12:26,37, 65. 18: 23, 82, 85, 88. 12.: 48, 77, 82. 41: 8, 25, 26,27,28,29,52,53,54.12:9,30,55,65,72. 41:12.44:11,12,46.45:12.46:8,57,91.47: 36,42,44,50. Carolina Chickadee : Parws carolinensis . 1: 10.2:4,6,14,15,26,29,30.1:7,9,14,27,43, 44,49.1:2,6,16,24,28.5 : 3, 9 ,19,23,36,42, 53.1:8,68,71,87,92.2:3,37.8:3,8,26,47, 75.9 : 3, 5-7, 11, 16, 17, 44, 46-51, 70, 92, 96. 11:3,5-7,29,53,58,60,66,81.11:6,22-24, 30,57,63,73,112.12:8,9,33.11:17,19,24, 36,45,48,55,62,63,75,76.14:2,3,4,11,46, 47,53,74.15:8,26,57,64,67,70,77,78.16: 14,34,58,59.12:24,56,63,64,67,69.18:26, 45,55,57,58.11:6,8,22,26,43,62,68,70. 20:29,35,62,65.21:27,63,76,79.22:15,16, 25,42,47,49,67,69.21:5,28,59,70,73,74. 21:37,43,78,82.25:30,54,75,78.26:16,21- 23,29,37,39,40,60,62.22:6,33,59,72.28: 24,27,65,69.29:7,23,32,71.30:16,22,41, 63,66,70.31:13,14,32,39,59,73,76.12:14, 31,70,72,73.11:14,29,69,71,72.21:11,32, 84,88,89,90.21:17,47,68,113.21:7,10,37, 43,57,72,86,89,91,92,97.22:36,46,65,69. 38:9 ,13,33,81,82,84,85,88.39 :11,32, 35, 73,77,82,85.41:36,81.41:8,25,27,28,29, 37,56.42:9,14,30,38,75,77,78,79,80.11: 12 , 46 , 69 . 44 : 11 , 14 , 46 . 15 : 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 12 , 43 , 99.46:4,8,14,32,57.42:4,36,42,43,44,46, 82.85.91. Tufted Titmouse : Parws bioolor. 1:15.2:4,6, 14,15,27,29,30.1:7,9,14,27,43,44,49.4: 6,16,28.1:3,9,10,18,22,46,53.1:8,68,71, 92.2:10,11,21,37.8:8,26,36,47,75.2:3,7, 11,16,17,19,25,44,46-49,54,69,70,92,96. IQ.: 3, 5, 6, 11, 21, 29, 53, 81. 11: 6, 22, 23, 54, 57,63,73,105,112.12:8,9,33,46.11:17,19, 27,48,62,75,76.14:4.6,11,21,46,53,74.15 : 8,23.26,28,64,67,70,77.16:33,34,46,59. 12:24,27,56,64.18:11.26,55,57.12:6,8,12, 22,43,66,68.20:29,30,35,62.21:27,63,76, 80.22:15,16,24,42,49,67,70.21:5,9,28,70, 74.24:37,43,78,83.15:30,54,78.26:16,29, 38,39,62.22:6,19,33,59,72.28:24,27,65. 22:7,23,32,71.30:10,16,22,34,41,66.11: 13,15,31,39,59,70,73,76.12:31,70,72,73. 11:14,27,29,69,71,72.14:11,32,84,88,90. 11:17,47,113.16:10,37,43,57,72,86,89 ,91, 92,93,97.12:5,37,46,65,69.18:9,13,33,88. 12:5,32,35,73,77,82,85.40:2,33,36,81.^: 8, 27, 28, 29, 37, 56. 42: 9, 38, 75, 77, 78, 79. 12,18,46,65.44:11,46,87.45:2,5,6,7,12, 43,67,99.46:8,14,32,57.42:3,4,36,43,82, 83.84.85.91. White-breasted Nuthatch : Pitta carolinensis . 1:15.2:4,6.1:7,14,27,43.4:6,16,28.5:9, 19,46,54.6:8,71,73.2:11.37,101.8:8,17, 26.2:7,16,44,49.10:3-6,18,45,53.11:22, 23,31,57.12:8,9,33.11:19,33,48,62,64,75, 76.14:5,74.15:26,64,70,78.11:34,42,59, 60.12:6,24,56,63,64.18:26,34,40,55.12:6, 22,44,66,68.20:28,30,35,62.21:27,63,76, 80.22:17,23,25,47,67,70.21:5,28,70,74. 24:37,43,78.25:30,78.21:29,39,40,62. 17 22:6,33.68.72.28 : 1-^,24,65.^:23,28,32. 71.30:11,16,22,66.11:16,18,32,76,78. 32:31,68,70,73.33:16.17,18,29.69.34: 32,75,84,88,90.35:47.108,110.113.36: 11,12,43,65,72,86,89,91,92,97.37:7,9, 10,24,37,55,56,65,69,84.38:9,13,21,22, 33,53,68,88,99,100.102.31:5,32,35,67, 77,96.40:20,36.^:27,28,37.5 7,79.«;9, 38,65,75,78,79.43:12,46,69.14:8,11,13, 46.41:2,6,7,12,15,41,43.46.46:8,10.14, 19,57.47:4,36,40,43,82,85,91. Red-breasted Nuthatch : tta canadensis . 1:7.5:9,54.6:90.2:11,19,24,58,85.9:1, 3,7,42,44,50.10:5,6,9,11.11:21,25,28. 48,67.12:8,9,10.71,72.13:19,27,43,62. 63.14:11,15,55,56,57,74,79.15:16,33, 64,70.16:45,58,59.12:6,56,63.64,67.18: 25,26,55.19:22,44,68.20:28,30,35,60, 62,68.21:12,13,14,24,27,74,76.22:16, 17,19,23,47,48,65,67,70,71.23:11,12, 28,70,74.24:16,37,78,81,83.21:17,26, 30,55,78.21:12,25.29,39,40,48.50,62. 22:6,16.28:24,33,55,56,62,65.21:7,9, 10,23,32,71.30 : 11, 22, 41. 42, 63, 65, 66. 31:10,12,18,32,76,78.11:8,31,65,70,72. 33:4,7,12,13,15,16,17,18,27,29,69,71. 34:9.32,39,50,52.66,71.72,74,75.81,84, 87,88,89,93.35:14,15,16,17,19,35,36, 38,39,40.41.44,47,113.115.36:8,11,12, 43,72,86,89 ,92,93,94.95,96,97.37:7,8, 20,23,29,37,65,81,83.85.38:19,20.22, 23,33,51,68,88,98,99.39:32,48,67,75, 77.82,83,89,90,93,96.^:11,19,20,23, 24,36,46,49,79,88,90.92.^:8,21,23,28. 37, 43, 47, 52, 53. 54, 79.^:9,18,19, 21, 22, 38,45,55.41:7,12,46,69,80.98,99.101, 102.44:6,11,21,23,24,26,46,51,53,88, 103.45:12,24,30,43,78.46:8,14,19,20, 23,24,45,46,48,57,65,68.47:9,17,20, 22,36,43,45,50,76,91,103. Brown-headed Nuthatch -pusilla. All references from 1933-1951 are to Missis- sippi birds with the exception of one Alabama record. 4:8,20.5:11,27.8:8,14. i:16.ia:8,11.16:42.18:8.19:44(Alabama) . n : 13.22 : 71. 34: 94 (Georgia) .36:37,43. 40:11,36,49.42:47.43:54,102.44:26,103. ^:102.^:48, 78,91. Brown Creeper : Cert/zfa familiaris . L:15.2_: 4.3:7,43.4:6,28.5:9.6:3,8,48.1:11,58. 8:8,14,50,73.9:3,7,16,96.10:3,5,6,9, 18 , 45 (C. /. nigresoens) .11:6.22.23.31 (C. /. nf . 12: 5 , 8 , 9 . 13 : 17 , 19 , 43 , 44,62,63,71,76.14:5,12,15,55,56,74.12: 30,70,77.16:38,39,45,58,59.17:6,64,67, 69 .18,: 34(G. /. nigrescens and C.f.ameri- cana) ,55,5 7.19 : 44, 68.^: 29, 30, 35, 62. 21 : 14, 42, 63, 76.^:16,25,28,67, 72.21:9, 12,13,28,70.^:15,37,78.22:30, 78.26: 30,39,62.27:6,18,72.28:24,55,56,66. 23,32,71 30:11,59,63,66.31:13,17,18, 32,64,72,73,76.32:31,70,72.33:4,7,27, 29,48,59,69,72.34:9 .13,15,32,66,73,75, 79,84,88.32:19,41,43,47,96,104,113.26: 11,43,57,65,66,72,86,89,91.95,97,100. 22:9,10,20,24,26,29,37,46,62,65,81,84, 85.38:9,22,23,33,51,54,55,88,95,97,98, 101,102.39 : 22, 23, 32, 35. 48, 77, 94. 40. -26, 36,46,49,51.70.79,90.41:8,24,28,37,43, 52,53,54,85.42 :9 ,16,38,55,65,91.21:12, 46,69,80.44:6,11,13,14,46,53,88.42:12, 104.46:8,19,24,50,57,66,91.47:9,36,40, 91. House \lren -.Troglodytes aedon. 1:2.3:14, 27,28,30.2:48.5 : 54, 62. 6: 74. 7: 26,38. S: 15, 76.10: 7,45 (r. a. ha .11:30 (r.a.baZdufnf) .12 :8,71.11:2-3,10,23, 43,62,63.12:56.15:30.16:34.12:6,11,14. 18:26,29,62.19:22,44, 62(T . a. parkmanii) , 73,74.20:17.18,29,30.31,32,35,62,65. 21:12,27,42,52,54,63,76,77.22:12,25, 33,47,49,65,67.21:25,28,52,53.55.24: 12-13,37,59,60.21:14-15,15,30,49-50, 51,54,55,78.26:30,45.27:6,22-30.33,49, 56,67.28:6,20,24,43,45,56.21:6.23.29, 32,56,57,67,71.30:22,38,66.11:32,44, 63,64.12:4,10,31,44.33:12,18,30,47.34: 32,50,51,66.11:36,41,43,47,96,113.11: 43.62,65,66.73,86,89,92,93,94,100.17:4, 5,6,20.24,26.29,35,37,46,62,81,85.18 : 11,13,33,48,51,55.66,86.11:5,32,46,62, 64.85,89,90,94.40:19,26,36,46,49,90,93. 41:37,43,69.71,85,88.42:7,9,15.16.38, 93,95.41:10,12,14,23.44,46,51,54,79.44: 9,11,22,46,53,103.45:12,30,43,78.46:6, 8,20,44.57,65,68,90.47:9.19,22,36,45, 46.48.78.91.100.102. Winter VIren-.Troglodytes troglodytes. 2.:4,27. 1:7,14,27,43.4:6,28.5:9,54.1:3,8.7:11. 85.8:8,36,73.9:1,3,7,33,38,43,44,50,69. 10:3,5,6,43.45,75.1i:22,23.26,31(r. t.pu77us) . 12:8,9,16.49.11:3-5.17,19,24,62,76.14: 12,55,74.78.11:64,70,71,77.16:34,38.39, 59.17 : 6, 24,56 (r. f. PM 7 7ws) .64,67,69.18: 25 , 26 , 34(2'. t . pM 7 7 ms and T . t .hiemalis) , 55,57.19:22,44,62,68.20:28,35,62.21:12, 27,42,43.63,74,76.22:25,67.23:12,52,70. 2A: 37 . 58 , 78 . 25 : 30 , 78 . 26 : 16 , 30 , 39 , 62 . 22: 6,18,19,33,73.28:24.33,45.56,66.29 : 23, 71.10:10,16.18.41.42.63,66.11:16,32,76. 12:8,31,45,70,72.11:5,27,30,69.14:11, 13,15,32,39,78,84.15:43,47,64.96,104, 110,113,115.16:30,43,86,89,91,93,94,95, 97,98,103.37:8,10,20,29,37,45.62,65,81. 83,84.18:9,17,20,21,22,33.48,51,88,92, 94,95,98,100,102.19:23,32,43,46,67,77, 90. 94. 40: 23, 24, 26, 33, 36, 46, 49, 79, 90. a : 6,8,23,37,43,51,52,53,83,85.42:9,16,38, 45,55,95.41:12,46,60,100.44:11,13,27, 46, 51, 103. 45: 12, 24, 41, 43.44:8,19,23,57. 41:9,17,36,91,103. Bewick's Wren : rTirz/omanes bewickii. 1:2, 4, 6. 1:7,14,27,30,43,49.4:2,6,16,24,48.5:3, 9,18,23,29,44,54.4:8,68,83.1:8,11,37.8: 8,17,26,85.4:3,7,16,18,47,54,70.10:3,5, 6,8,45,56,67,81.11:22,23,26,27,57,63, 73,77.12:8,9,15,33,35,36,37.11:5-7,10, 17,19,24,36,44,62,75,76.14:11,12,14,48, 59,74.14:16,26,28,57,70.16:33,59,60.17: 24,39-42,64.18:26,29,55.14:6,11,12,22, 26, 45, 62 (r.b. a ms) ,68,73.20:29,30,35, 62.21:27,43,54,63,76.22:14,25,42,49,67. 24:6,11,28,55,59,70.24:14,16,17,37,59, 78.21:30,78.26:16,30,62.22:6,19,23,24, 26,27,28,33,56,73.24:24,26,31,45,66,67. 24:23,32,57,71.30:22,66.11:32,44,76.12: 7 , 31 , 46 , 70 . 14 : 30 , 47 , 50 , 69 . M: 11 , 13 , 32 , 79 , 84 , 90 . H : 36 , 43 , 47 , 66 , 106 , 113 . 14: 10 , 11,43,57,65,66,67,73,89,92,97.12:4,5,6, 10,20,26,37,45,46,56,65,81.18:12,13, 17,21,33,55,66,68,88,96,100.19:5,32,35, 48,62,64,67,77.40:36,46,69.41:8,23,37, 44,46,56,57,71,85,89.42:9,38,45,76.41: 2,12,27,42,44,46,54,71,77.44:11,46,51, 84,85.41:2,5,8,12,43,78.46:8,20,33,57, 68,71,88.47:4,5,19,22,36,45,46,48,82, 85.91.99.102. Carolina ]^ren:Thryothorus ludovioianus . 1: 5, 9 (?) ,15.2:2,4,6,14,15.1:8,14,27,30, 43,44.4:6,16,28,37.1:3,9,18,19,23,28, 46,54.6:8,68,83.2:3,11,32,37,53.8:8,26, 48, 85. 2.: 3, 7, 11, 16, 17, 31, 44, 46-48, 50, 51, 54,70,71,92.10:3,5,7,27,53,62,67,78,81. 11:22,23,27,35,57,61,63,64,73,77,116. 12:8,9,16,17,18,33,45,76.11:7-9,10,17, 19,46,48,62,71,74,75,76.14:1,2,4,6,11, 14,21,43,48,53,63,74.11:8,13,26,28,57, 70 , 77 , 78 . 11 : 34 , 42 , 59 . 12 : 12 , 24 , 39 , 40 , 49 , 64.11:26,55,57.19:6,11,22,26,45,68,73, 74.20:28,30,35,62.21:14,27,54,63,76.22: 15,16,17,25,31,42,47,49,67,70.23:5,9, 28,30,59,70.24:37,59,78.21:17,27,30,54, 78.21:16,30,39,48,62.22:6,19,23,24,27, 28,33,59,73.28:9,24,27,66.21:23,32,54, 57,58,71.30:16,18,22,41,66.31:13,32,39, 48,59,70,72,76.32:10,32,70.11:16,30,63, 69,71,72.11:11,32,80,84,90.11:47,113. 11:37,43,57,73,89,92,97.17 :6,37,45,46, 65.18:2,9,13,33,88.19 :5,32,35,62,77,82, 85.40:36,46.41:8,28,37,56.42:9,14,38, 55,75,78,79,80,84.41:3,12,18,46,77.^: 11, 46, 85.^:2,5,6,7,12,40,43,67,99. 18 46:8,14,33,57.47:3,4,36,43,82,85.91. Long-billed Marsh Vhcen-.Cistothorus palustris . 3: 14, 28. 5.: 14, 26. 6: 8. 7: 3, 38, 43, 71. 8: 22. i: 7. 12: 7, 8, 15. 13: 10. 11-12. 14: 39, 56. 15: 33 .17_: 63 ,6h. 1^:62 (C.p.dissaeptus and C.p.i liacus ) .20:62.64.21:8.46.54.63.22: 25,60,67.21:10,28,58,59.24:34,37.^:17, 27,30,78.^:26,30.27:6,10,33,53,67.28: 13,20,24,56.21:23,32.30:23.31:32,64.32: 32.45.33:13.14:8,15,32,66.35:96,104.36: 43,81,94,95.37:23.29,37,62,83.38:33,36, 51,96,98,99.39:32,46,94.40:26,36,79.88, 90.41:37,44,85.42:16,19.38,71.72,93,95. 43:10,12,14,23,46,48,51,54,88,100,102. 44:6,11,53,103.45:21,30,78.46:8,20,23, 24,46,57,65,66,68,70,88.47:9,19,22,36, 41,48,76,78,87,91. Short-billed Marsh \ixen:Cistothorus platensis . 1:14.4:38.5:22,29,60,62.6:93.7:68,70, 71.100.8:57,61.9:63,64,97.10:3,75.12: 71.13:10,12-13,32,67.14:55,73,74,75,78, 79.15:17,30.16:45.12:24,69.18:57.11:68. 20:62.21:8,14,27,51,63.22:12,25,47,60, 67.23:28.24:58.21:16.17,55.78.22:6,31. 33.28:13,45,55,56.29 : 23. 32. 20: 23, 24, 38. 21 : 45 , 47 , 76 .22.: 32 , 43 . 21: 65 , 69 .14: 7 , 8 , 32,66,71.73.25:41.64,66.69,96.26:43,63, 68,89,95.21:29,55.38:33,47,51,65,67,98. 99,100.29:32.35.46,64,66,75,77,82,94. 40:88,90.41:37,88.42:7,9,16,72.93,95. 42:10,12,23,25.46,51,54,79,88,100,102, 103.44:4,46,53,87,103.41:21,26,43,78. 46:20,57,68,78,88,90.47:9,17,19,22.24. 36,38,45,46,48,76,78,91,102. * Rock \Jren:Salpinates obsoletus. 27:76. Mockingbird polyglottos. 1:15.2:4,6, 12,13,14,15,24,25,27,29,30,32.1:6,8,9, 11,12.14,27,31,43,44,45,46,47,49.4:1,2, 3,6,16,24,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,37, 40,49,51.5:3,9.10,17,18,19,24,30,35,36, 37,39,46,48,54,61,65.6:1,2,8,10,11,33, 62,68,82,83.7:2,4,8,10,11,18,21,23,37, 57,71,102.8:2,8,18,29,52,85.9:7,10,16, 17,19,25,46-48,50.51,70,90-92.10:3,5,7, 10,33,56,58,66,78,81.11:22,23,54,62,65, 75,78,112.12:8,9,16,17,19,33,37,62,65- 67,78.13:17,20,24,34,36,38,44,48,55,62, 75,76.14:1,3,4,6,11,45.46,48,53,74.15: 12.13,16,21,27,28,57,70,77,78.16:9,34. 59.17:24,47,48,49,64,69.18:26,55,57.19: 6,8.11,22.45.68.^:7,30,35,38,62.21:13, 14,15,27,63,76.22:14,15,17,25,47,67.23: 5,29.52,59,70.24:37,43,58,78.25:16,17, 30,52,78.26:16,30,62.27:6,33,73.28:24, 31,45,66.29:9,23,32,54,71,72,73.3^:8, 10,16,18,23,25,34,39,40,66.31:13,14,32, 39,46,59,70,76.32:8.32.70.33:10,14,29, 69,72.34:11,12,32,62,63,84,90,96.13:47, 90,113,119.36:10,43,57,73,89,92,97.32: 27,37,46,65.38:2,9,10,13,33,88.39:4,5, 7,8,32.35,77,85.40:2,36.90.41:8,37,56, 57. 4, 9, 16, 32, 38, 75, 79 .43 : 12, 38. 46. 44:11,14,18,46,70,85,96,101.45:2,3,5,6, 7,13,43,58,60,61,62,99.46:9,33,50,57. 42:3,4,36,82,83,85,91. Gray CathivdiDumetella oarolinensis . 2:6. 3:9,12,14,27,31,46.4:16.37,51.5:3,18, 23, 38, 54. 1:1, 3. 68. 81, 83, 90. 2: 2, 3, 6, 37, 46,49,58,59,85,101.8:26,36,51,62,85, 87.9:3,25,44,47,48,50,54,70,71,98.10:3, 4,29,56,62,66,75.11:35,54,57,62,73,75. 12:33,37,46,72.78.13:32,45.14:7,11,48, 53,78.15:27,30,32.64,77,78.16:33,34.12: 6,11,24,27.56.18:26.19:6,11,22,45.21: 28,30,35,62.21:13,15,27,63.22:12,25,28, 60,62,63.21:6,28.24:37,78,80.25:30,54, 67.26:30,38,50,58,60,62.22:6,10,33,67. 28:14,24,27,32,55,56,57,62,66.22:7,23, 32,54,69.30:15,23,41.11:32,59,63,64, 67,76.32:9,10,14,32,70.31:7,12,13,14, 18,29,59,65,69,73.34:15,32,34,56,66,76. 11:36.41,43,47,95,96.106.16:43,56,57, 63,64,65,66,73,80,81,82,89,94,98,100. 12:20.24,26,28,30,37,45,46,61,62,63,65, 76,77,78,81,85.11:13,33,48,51,53,54,55, 86,88,94,96,101.19:5,26,32,35,46,75.77, 85,90,94.40:26,36,46,49,51,57,79,93.41: 20,23,24,37,41.44,47,53.56,57.42:7.9 , 15,16,19,38,45,75,79,80,95.43:12,22,25, 27,46,51.44:4,6,11,32,46,81.85.45:2,5, 7,24,30,43,58.46:33,50,57,71.42:4,9,22, 40,78,82,85,91. Brown Thrasher : Toxos toma rufum. 2:5,6,13, 14.19,29.1:8,12,14,27,44.4:2,6,9,16,24, 51.5:3,9,15.18,23,24,30,36.46,48,54.6: I, 8,10.11,20,37,68,81,83,87.2:3,7.10, II, 18,19,20,24,37,46,49,101.8:3,8,14, 17, 18, 26. 37, 40, 42, 51. 64.2.: 7, 15- 17, 25, 31.44.46- 48,50,54,69-71,98.10:3,5,7.11, 12,56,62,66,75.11:22,23.27,28,31,54.57, 62,73,75,116.12:8,18,33,46,70,73.13:20, 23,36,44,48,56,62.14:7,11,12,48,53,57, 74.15:13,16,17,26,28,57.64,70.16:14,34, 47,59,66.17:6,10,24,35,48,56,63,64,69. 18:9,10,26,55.19:11,22,46,68.20:7,25, 28,30,35,62.21:13,27,63.22:15,16,25,46, 49,59,60,67.23:5,11,12,13,26,28,70,73. 24:14,15,16,35,37,60,78,82.21:16,17,27, 30,75,76,78.26:16,30,48,62.22:6,18,19, 33,51,67,70,73.21:8.10,14,24,27,56,66. 2i: 8, 23, 32. 54, 69, 71. 30: 10. 11, 16, 23, 29, 34,39,40,41,66.31:12,13,14,32,39,63,64, 70,76.31:5,6,8,9,32,70.33:10,15,17,30, 63,69,73.34:10,11,12,13,32.66.81,84.35: 39,41,43,47.70,96,113.31:9,10,30,43,57, 60,61,63,64,65,67,79,89,92,94,98,100. 32:6,9.10,24,26.27.30,37,45,46,62.65, 81,84,85.31:2,13.18.19,21,22,33,53,55, 89,96,97,101,102.39 : 4, 5, 19, 22, 23, 32, 35. 46,78,85.40:18,23,26,36,46,49,79.11:8, 10,21,23,24,37,47,56,57.42:5,9,19,22, 38,75,78,79.13:12,46,77.44:4,11,13,15, 26,27,46.15:2,5,7,8,13,43.16 :9 ,33,57. 17:4,9,36,82,85,91. American Rohtn: Turdus migratorius. 1:5,15. 2:5,14,27.1:6,8,11,15,27,32,38,43,44, 46.1:2,3,6,16,21,24,28,30,37,45,46,49, 51.1:3,9,15,18,23,24,29,30,32,33,54,59, 64,65.1:1,8,13,20,81,83,93.7:4,5,11,22, 24, 37, 45, 58, 59, 69, 70, 85, 101. 8: S', 8, 18, 26,57,60,63,83,85.9:8,11,13,14,16-19, 24.26.29.32.44.46- 50,65,67,70,71,90,92, 98.10:3,5,7,9,11,13.14,18,21,56,58,61, 66,75,81.11:6,22,23,26,27,31,35,58,60, 61,63,67,73,75,77,78,92,103,105.12:5,8, 9,16,17,18,19,33,37,72,75.11:17,20,23, 25,26,27,36,48,55,62.71,75,76.14:7,11, 12,14,40,45,53,69,73,74.15:9,12,16,17, 26,57.64,70,77.16:12,14,34,58,59,62,63. 17:6,10,11.12,17,24,28,48,57,63,64,67, 70.18:10,26,55,57,58.19:6,8,9,11,22,46, 66,68.20:7,13,30,35,53,54,62,65.21:13, 14,27,43,63,76,80.22:14,16,25,28,46,67. 21:6,11,28,40,54,56.70.24:5-7,14,15,16, 31-32,32-33,37,43,57,78,81.21:17,18,30, 52,74,75,78.26:16,30,38,62.27:6,17,33, 49,69,70,73.28:8,11,24,27,31,32,44,56, 66.29:9,10,23,29,32,54,67,71,73.30:6.8, 9,11,12,13,16,17,23,25,29,34,37,39,63, 66.31:12,13,14,15,16,17,32,37,39,59,76, 78, 79. 80. 12.: 3, 6, 8. 9, 32, 43, 45, 66, 70. 33: 5,6,13,14.16,18,30,64,69,72.34:8.11,32, 39,72,78,81,84,88.11:15,19,47,110,113, 115.16:7,9,10.11,43,62,67,73,79,86,89, 91,92,94,97,98.37:6,9,12,24,27,30,37, 66,71,72,84.38:2,9,13,19,22,33,48,54, 66,68,89,92.21:7,8,26,32,35,78,85.40: 15,20,24,36,79,83.41:6,8,23,37,52,53, 54,56,57.42:10,38,75,79.41:8,12,15,46. 44:11,14,23,26,31,46,58,70,79 ,80,85, 101.41:2,5,13,43.46 :9 ,14,33,45,46,57. 41:4,36,83.85,91. Wood ThrMsh. -.Hyloaiahla mustelina. 2:6,14, 17.3:15,27,28,44,46,49.4:2,8,16,24.5:3. 18,23,54,59.6:4,81,87.7:7,37,46,49,61, 72.8:26.9:3,31,44,46-50,69,98.10:3,4, 29,53,59,60.11:54,58,63,73.12:6,33,35, 45.11:48.14:11,26,53,54,55.15:13,26,28, 30,57,64.11:34,65.11:6,10,11,24,48,57. 18:26,61.11:4,6,11,22,46.20:7,13,14,15, 25,29,30.35.21:27,63.22:25,31,60,62,63. 21:5,28.24:37,43.21:27,31,67.21:30,39, 19 40,50.27:6,10,33,67.28:19,24,26,30,55. 56,57.29:23,32,54.30:15,23,41.31:32,39, 59,64.32:32.33:5,7,13,30.34:9,15,23,32, 34,56,66,75.35:36,38,41,47.53,96.36:57, 62,63,65,67,7 3,79 ,81,92,93,100.^:20,24,26, 27,30,37,46,62,80,81.18:13,33.48,51,54, 55,66,94,96,^8.100.11:8,26,32,35,42,46, 89 , 94 . ^ : 26 , 3'3 , 36 , 45 , 46 , 49 , 5 1 , 57 , 69 . 79 , 90.11 : 37, 44, 57,69. 16, 38, 45, 48, 55, 75, 77,78,79,84.41:3,8,46.44:4,6,46,54.45: 2,5,7,8,30,40,43,58.46:34,50,57,65.47: 4.9.16.22.41.83.85.91. Hermit Thr\ish.:Cathaicus guttatus . 2.:4,14.1: 8,27,43.4:6,16,28.5:9.6:4,8.7:10,11.8: 2,3,8,14.9:8,15-17,69,96.10:3,5,7,22, 59 ,75,81.11:7 ,22,23,67 {C.g.polionota) . 12:8,9,16,72.13:17,20,62,64,76.14:37, 45,46,51,74.11:15,70.16:12,39,59.11:10, 63,64,69.18:46,55,57.19:46,66,68.20:30, 62.21:12,63,76,78.22:15,67.21:12,28,70, 24:37,78.25:31,55,78.21:62.22:6,19,33, 73.21:8,11,32,45,56,66.21:8,23,32,71. 32:11,16,18,23,41,62.66.11:14,18,32,64, 73,76.32:32,70.33:7,18,63,69.34:13,66, 79,84.35:47,49,96,102,106,113.36:9,12, 43,56,57,63,73,84,89,92,93,95.100.32: 10,20,23,24,26,30,37,46.62,66,83,85.31: 19,33,48,51,55,89,94,96,98,100,101.31: 24,32,46,48,78,81,82,89,94.40:19.23,36, 46,51,79,90.41 : 9, 24, 83.42:10, 38, 70. 43: 12,16,46,54,55.44:6,11,27,30,46,54,104. «: 13, 26, 41, 43. 46: 9, 48, 50, 57, 69, 70. 47: 9.19.37.50.78.80.89.91. Swainson's Thrush : ustulatus . 2: 14.3:15.4:16.6:73.2:7,18,37,46.12:3,33, 45,59.11:104,117.12:77.14:26.11:30,32. 16 : 39 . 12: 23 . 18 : 26 . 19 : 22 . 22: 11 , 35 . 21 : 27 , 43.63.22:25,48,60,62.63.23:28.24:17,37, 57.25:31,55.67.26:30,46,51.53-57.22:6, 9,10.33.22:12,24,55,56,57.22:23,32,54. 32:15,23,36,58.31:32,59,63,64.32:10,13, 32.33:7,18,30,51.34:15,32,34,50,51,56, 66,67,68,75.31:36,39,43,47,53,62,96, 104,106.32:57,63,67,73,80,81,82,83,84, 89,94.32:21,26,27,28,30.33,37,45,46,61. 62,81,84.38:2,33,46,48,51.96,100,103. 32:26,32,35,46,64,66,67,90,94.42:26,36, 46,49,69,79,90.41:5,9,13,37,44,69,85. 42:16,38,45,48,68,70,75,95.43:25,46,55, 76. M: 4, 6, 30, 46, 80, 87, 88, 100. 41: 3, 30, 43, 58. M.: 46, 50, 57. 65, 69, 88. 9 0.42: 6, 9, 22,46,83,91,100. Gray-cheeked Vc\r\ish.:Catharus minimus. 2: 14.2:37.8:52.9:54.10:3,32,59.11:67.14: 36 ,51 ,55 .15 :30 .Ul:29 {C .m .hiaknelli) .17 : 23.18:26.12:22.20:35.21:27,63.22:25,60, 62.24:37,57.21:31,67.26:26,30,48.22:6, 10,33,51,67.21:12,24,26,55.56,57.22:23, 28,32.30 : 23. 31: 32, 64. 32:10 . 13,32.33:7.30,51.14:28,32,34,49,50,51, 56,66.11:36,39,47,96,104,106.11:57,73, 81,82,100.12:21.26,27,28,30,31,46,62, 86.38:33,46,47.48,94,96,100,101,103.39: 32,35,64,66,90,94.40:26,36,46,49,79,88, 90.41:37,44,69,75,85.42:38,45,70,95.43: 46,51.44:4,30,46,51,87,88.45:30,43.46: 20,57.42:9 ,91. Veeicy : Catharus fuseesoens . 1:27.4:16.1:54. 6:4,33.7 : 37, 38, 58, 85,99 (G./.saZicicoZa) . 2:43,44,50.10:3,31,59 .ll:67(C.f.salioi- co7a) .11:40 ,41.14:11,37 and 56(C . f. saliai- oola) .15:64.16:12,34.12:6,11,23,57,67. 11:26.12:22,46.21:11,28,35.21:27,43,63. 22:25.23:4,28.24:37,58.25:27,31.67.21: 25.26,30,39,40.27:6,34,48.28:24.22:23, 32,55.30:23,37,42.31:32,39,64.32:32,45. 33:5,7,30.14:15,32,34,39,56,66,67,75. 11:36,43,47,62,64,96.36:73,81,82,94, 100.11:23,26,30,37,45,46,61,62,81,86. 38:33,47,56,68.96.12:26,32,64,66,67,90. 40:26,36,46,49,90.41:37,52,53,71,85,89. 42. : 3 8 , 4 5 , 5 5 , 7 0 , 9 3 . 41 : 4 6 , 5 1 . 44 : 6 , 3 0 , 4 6 , 87,100,104.41:30,43,58.46:20.21,57,69, 90.47:75,78,80,91. Eastern Bluebird :5iaZ-ia sialis. 1:5,15.2: 2,5,6,14,25.1:6,8,9,15.27,31,43,44.4:2, 3,6,16,21,24,28,37,51.1:3,9,18,23,24, 29,35,46,54.6:8.62,68,83.1:11,37.86,99, 102.1:8,26,85.9:4,8,14,16-18,44,46.50,70, 71,84,88,92.10:3,5,7,32,33.53,58,73.78, 81.11:22,23,58,63,73,93,95,112,116.12 : 8,9,18,19,33,72,76,78.11:17,20.24,36, 37,38,45,54,55.62,75,76.14:2,3,4,5,7. 11,12,15.45.46,48.54.74.15:21,26,32,70. 74,77.16:12,14,15,34,59.17:23,48,49,64, 69. 18: 11, 26, 40. 55, 57. 12.: 6, 7, 8,9 ,9-11, 12,22,25,26,27,46,66.68.20:29,30,35,62. 21:27,64,74,76,80.22:15,17,25.42,46,63, 67.21:5.9.11,13,26,28,50,59,70.24:13, 15, 35, 37, 78. 25.: 17, 27, 31. 52, 53, 78. 21: 16, 17.30,45,48-49,62.22:6,17,29,34,50,73. 21:11,24,27,40,42,66.21:7,9,10,23,29 . 32,54,55,57,71.30:8,10,11,16,18,23,25, 38,60,66.31:12,16,18,32,39,45,46,71,72, 76.12:10,32.43,45,46,66,67,70.33:16,17, 18,30,48,51,52,54,63,69,71.34:10,11,13, 25, 29, 32, 74, 78, 84, 90. 15.: 8, 36, 39, 47, 62, 113.11:9,11.20,32,43,73,89,91,92.96,97, 98.12:9 ,21,24.37,66,84.18:13,22,34,48, 53,89,91.19:5,7,11.20,22,24,32,35,60, 73,74,78,85.40:20,36,46,81.41:9,37,56, 86.42:10,14,38,65.75.79,80,84.43:12,43, 46,65,69.44:12,14,46,85,95,96,98,100. 41:3,5.8,13,43.99.42:4,5,9,14,34,57.46: 4.29.37.43.61.83.85.91. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher : Po Ziopti 7a aaerulea. 1:5.2:6,14.1:15.4:8,16.5:3,54.6:4,68, 72.7:3,6,37,46,49,59,72.8:26,42,48.9 : 31,48.11:3,27,53.11:58,73.12:11,33.46. 11:43.14:11,14,39.15:17,23.26,30,32.16: 11,14,34.12:23.18:26,53.19:6.12,22,47. 20:30,35.21:8,27,53,64.22:23,25,48.21: 5,28,54.24:37,54,59.21:31.21:30,50,51. 21:6,19,34,51,52.28:8,24,27,45.21:23, 32 . 30 : 23 . 31 : 32 , 39 , 47 , 59 . 32 : 32 . 32.: 17 , 30 . 34:8,23,32,79.35:39,41,43,47,64,69,102. 36:62,63,64,65,67,73,92,96.32:21,23,24, 26,37,55,72,81,83,84,86.38:13,34,47,48, 51,54,56,96,97,98.39:32,35,46,48,85,94. 41:36,46,49,51.90.41:37,44,56.42:21,38, 45,75,78,79.41:10,12,14,22,23,25,46,54, 55,77,100.44:46,85,88.41:3,5,6,7,8,43, 76,99,104.41:34,57,65,69.42:3,4,37,39, 46.75.78.83.85.91. Golden-crowned Kinglet .-PepwZws satrapa. 1: 15.2:4.1:8,11,43.4:6,16,28.1:9.6:4,8, 78.2:11,58.8:8,73.9:3,8,16,17,43,44,50, 69,96.10:3,5,7,81.11:22,23,26.12:8,9, 16.11:17,20,43,62,63,67,71,75,76.14:15, 55,74.11:30,70,77.16:38,39,47,59.12:23, 63,64,67,69.18:25,26,55,57.19:47,68.20: 28,30,35,62.21:12,14,25,64,76.22:23,25, 67.23:12,28,70,74.24:15,17,38,78.21:31, 78.21:16,30,39,40,62.27:6,34,73.28:11, 24, 32, 55, 56, 66. 29.: 9, 23, 71. 30: 16, 59, 63, 66.31:32,73,76.12:32,70,72.33:7,30,59, 69,71,72.14:13,15,39,75,79,84.31:19,36, 47,96,102,104,113.16:10,43,57,67,81,86, 96,103.32:8,9,23,30,37,62,66,83,84.38: 9,10,22,49,51,54,89,92,94,96,98,103.39.: 24,32,67,78,82,89,94,96.40:20,26,36,46, 49. 79. 90. 6, 9, 28, 52, 53, 79, 86. 10, 16,38,45,55.41:13,18,51.44:6,12,14,46. 11:13,30,43,58.46:9,14,19,57.12:9,37, 43.75.91. Ruby-crowned Kinglet -.Regulus calendula. 1: 15.2:5.1:8,15,43.4:6,16,28.5:9,27.6:4, 8.7:11,101.8:8,14,17,36,77.9:8,14,31, 96.10:3,5,7,13,17.11:22,23,37,103.12:8, 9,17.11:20,50,62,76.11:54,55.11:70,71, 77 , 78 . 16 : 17 , 59 . 17 : 23 , 64, 69 . 18 : 26 , 55 , 57 . 11:22,47,68.20:30,33,35,62.21:12,14,15, 25,64,76,80.22:16,18,19,25,67.21:28,53, 70.21:15,17,38,78.21:31,78.26:16,30,50, 62.21:6.34,73.28:12,24,45,56,66.29:9,23 32.71.11:11,16,23,66.11:32,64,72,73.76. 12:32,70,72.11:7.14,27,30,59,69,71.34: 11,12,13,15,32,50,66,75,79,84.90.11:19, 36,39,43,47,96,104,113.11:10,11,43,57, 63,65,67,73.86,89,96,97,98,100,103.12: 8,21,23,26,30,37,46,62,66,81,83,84,86. 18:19,22,23,34,46,49,51,53,54,56.89,94, 20 94,96,98, 100 , 101 , 103 . 3i: 20 , 22 , 24 , 32 , 48 , 64,66,78,82,90,93,96.40:26,36,49,51.79, 90.41:9,10,28,37,44,86.42:10,16,38,45, 70.95.41:13.18,46,80.44:6,12,46,51,53. 41:13,30,31,43.46:9,14,20,57,66.47:9, 37,38,78,91. Water Pipit spinoletta. 1:43.4:28, 48,49.5:9,10.4:8,13,33,92.2:11,19,24, 101. 8:8, 19, 73.2.: 8, 12. 10: 5, 7,45,76.11:6, 13,14,22,24,28,103.12:8,73.13:17,20,62. 14 : 65 , 74 , 79 . 15 : 14 , 30 , 74 , 77 . 16.: 47 , 59 , 60 . 12:63,65,69.18:55,62.19:64,65,71.2(1:29, 31,35.62,65.21:8,11,13,64,76.22:14,67, 71.21:67,70,73,76.24:14,34,38,78.25:18, 78 . 26 : 16 . 59 , 62 . 22: 6 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 73 . 28 : 6 , 7 , 21,24,66.29:23,28,32,54,71.30:34,59,66. 11:12,70,76.32:4,8,32,70.11:10,30,69. 34:78,79,84,89.11:40,47,113.16:8,10,43, 63,89,95.12:8,66,83,84,86.18:20,34,49, 51,86,89,98.11:21,32,46,78.40:23,45,46, 49,54,55,83,91.41:9,42,86.42:10,21,38, 43,45,47.84.95.41:13,46.54,71.44:12,23, 43,51,103,104.45:13.24,26,43.41:9,20, 23,24,46,48,57,69,70.71.42:22,37,48,78. * Sprague's -.Anthus s-pvagueii. 24:9. 28- 29,78,80.21:46,47,48.74.78.27:16,73.28: 6,26,66.29:7.11:11.12:4.14:8.47:45. Cedar \^a-xwtng:Bombycilla aedrorum. 1:15.2: 4,14,26.3:8,15,27,28,32,43,48.4:6,16.1: 3,9,14,23,55,63.6:8,73.2:12,86,99,103. 8:8,14,18,26,37,61,73,88.9:3,8,13,15- 17,25,27,29,44,69,92,98.11:3,5,7,13,14, 21,32,34,81.11:6,22,23,28,49,54,61,112. 12.: 8, 9, 13. 13; 17, 20, 24, 46, 62, 63, 64, 75, 76.14:2,4,15,45,55,56,74.15:12,16,28, 64,70,77.16:11,12,34,47,60.17:18,23,25, 57, 65, 67. 11:26, 55. 12.; 8, 22, 47, 68. 20: 29, 30,36,44,62,65.21:14,15,25,53,64,76,78. 22:14,17,25,47,67.21:28,59,70.24:14,18, 32,33,35,38,57,78.25:17,31,55,74,78.26 : 16,30,38,62.27:6,17,18,20,34,73.28:9, 10,12,13,24,66.29:10,23,29,32,71.10:10, 11,23,59,67.21:13,14,16,17,18,32,43,59, 76.32:8,10,32,44,50,70.31:16,30,69.24: 13,32,39,75,76,78,84,89.21:19,36,39,41, 43,47,65,102,104,113,117.36:9,11,12,43, 63,67,68,69,73,89,92,93,96,98.22:7,8,9, 24,26,37,55,56,62,66,81,83,84.28:20,23, 34.49.51.53.54.56.68.89.92.97.99.103. 21:32,35,64,78,90.40:20,23,24,36,69,91. 41:6,9,21,23,37,79,86.42:10,19,38,45, 55,70,72,75,79,80.43:13,46,55,79.44:12, 13,14,23,46,84,87,104.45:3,4,5,13,14, 15,43,46,78,79,103,104.46:9,10,11,44, 46,57.42:6,22,37,39,46,50,83,85,91,98, 99. * Northern Shrike : ianiws exaubitor. 35:89. Loggerhead Shrike : Lan^ws ludovicianus . 1: 5.2:5,6.3:8,15,43.4:6,16,22.28,38,49.2: 9,10,14,15,19.6:6,8.2:12,22,50,101.8:8, 17,18,40,61.9:8,17,46,98.10:3,7,35,81. 11:24.12:6,8,9,18,33,69.13:17,20,27,33, 34,44,61,62,64,75.14:53,74,75.12 : 23,28,70, 77.12:34,42,60.12:20,23,65,69.12:26,28, 34 (L . 7 . ludov-Loianus) ,35,55,57 . 19.: 11 , 22 , 47,68.20:30,36,44,60.21:25,64,76.22:17, 19,25,44,46,67.23:6,28,52,59,70.24:13, 34,38,58,59,78,79.22:31,78.22:16,30,51, 63.22:7,34,35-37,73.28:24,66.29:23,32, 54,71,73.32:16,23,34,60,67.21:32,70,76. 22. : 14 , 32 , 70 . 22 : 10 , 30 , 51 , 69 . 24 : 32 , 84 . 35 : 30,47,65,66,92,104,113.26:9,11,12,43, 65,67,73.89,92,97,98.22:7,9,24,26,37, 40,46,55,66, 70,84.21:9 ,10,13,21,22,34, 54,56,89,96,103.21:4,5,20,24,32,35,78. 40:36,61,86.^:9,37,56,69.42:10,38,75, 79.42:13,46,89.44:12,14,46,87.45:3,5,8, 13,43,78,99.46:9,34,57.^:4,37,80,83, 85.91.103. Starling : Stwrnws vulgaris. 1:5,15.2:4,25, 27.3:8,10,15,43,48.4:6,8,11,12,16,20, 22,28,49,51.2:9,11,13,14,15,23,26,38, 42,44,55,64,65,66.2:8,13,34,52,74,93.2: 12,19,24,27,47,59,71,103.2:2,8,27,52, 60 , 63 , 78 , 79 . 2.: 8 , 14-18 , 29 , 32 , 44 , 47 , 49 , 50,59,61,65,70,76,87,90,92.12:3,5,7,13, 32,56,58,67,74,75,81.11:7,22-24,26,27, 45,51,54,75,77,78,103,106.11:8,9,16,17, 33,35,37,72.13:17,20,24,25,34,38,44,48, 54,55,62,75.14:1,4,7,13,40,45,53,54,74, 78.12:9,12,16,17,19,24,67,70,71,77.16: 34, 42, 60, 62, 63. 17_: 11, 12, 18, 23, 47, 65, 69. 18:12,26,55,57,58.19:8,11,22,47,68,69. 20; 30, 36, 60, 65. 21: 27, 64, 76. 22: 12, 14. 15, 16,25.28,43,65,67,72.23:11.28,40,68,70, 71.24:5,13,30,31,33,38,57.59,78,81.21: 17,31,74.78.21:16,30,49,58.59,60,65.27: 7,34,60,69,70,73,76,78.28:19,24,27,31, 39,56,62,66.29:9,10,23,32,36,57,67,68, 71.10:11,13.16,17,23,26,29,34,38,39,60, 61,67.31:13,14,17,32,39,46,59,68,70,76, 79.12:2,6,8,9,14,32,66,70.33:10,14,15, 16,18,19,30,53,69,72.14:8,10,23,32,53, 74,80.81,84.11:14,15,17,18,29.47,65,108, 113.117.11:7,9,11,43,72,89,92,97,104. 12:10,12,27,30,34,37,52,53,66,67,71.18: 2,9,13,19 ,27,34,66,89,96.39 : 4, 5, 7, 8, 32, 35,40,78,85.40:36,79 ,80,83,91.41:9 ,10, 23.37.56,57,63.42:5,10,23,38,75,76,79. 43 : 7, 13,46. M.: 12. 14, 46, 70, 76, 78, 80, 82, 85,96.45:3,5,8,13,43,99.^:6,9,34,57,73, 74.47:3,4,37,43,83,85,91. XThite-eyed Vi.veo -.Vireo griseus. 1:1.2.:6,14. 1:15,31,43.4:8,14,16.1:3,9,18,23,30,33, 55,59.6:4,67,78,87.2:7,32,36,46,49,60, 72.1:26,48.9:3,24,25,45-48,70,71.10:3,4, 29,33,54,78.11:58,64,65,67,73.12:33,35, 37,46.11:48,76.14:11,38,53.11:17,26,28, 30 , 32 , 77 , 78 . 16 : 14 , 34 . 17 : 23 , 27 , 48 . 11: 2fe . 11:6,11,22,47.20:30.36,45.21:4,27,64.22: 25,60,62.23:5,28.24:38,60.21:31,67.26: 30,51.27:6,10,34.21:24,27,56.29:23,32, 54.30:23.11:32,39,59,64.32:14,32,45.11: 7, 27, 30. 34: 23, 32, 56. 11; 35, 41, 43, 47, 96. 101,105.16:8,43.44,57,63,65,73,80.81,82, 92,96,98,100.37:21,23,24,26,30,37,46,62, 81,86.11:12,13,34,47,48,51,54,56,96,98. 39:4,5,7,32,35,46,48,94.41:26,33,36,46, 49,52,80,91.41:37,44,56.42:16,38,45,75, 79,93.41:46,49,51,100,102.44:4,6,46,53. 45:3,5,6,7,43,79.46:34.57,76.47:3,4,9, 22.78.83.85.91. * Bell's Vireo:Fireo bellii. 6:67.17:47.42: 68. Yellow- throated Vireo : Pireo f lavifro7is .2:6, Ih. 1:15.4:8,16.5:3,19,55.6:4,73,74.7:3,36, 49.8:26.9:45,48,49.10:3,27,54.11:58,64, 73.12:33.11:33,48,49.14:11.39.11:26,28, 30,32.11:34.17:23.18:26,62.19:6,22,47. 20:11,36.21:27,64.22:25,31,60,62.21:5. 28.24:38,56.21:31,67.26:30,51.27:6,10, 34.28:24,56,57.21:24,32.10:23.31:32,39. 64 . 32 ; 32 . 11 : 30 , 50 , 59 . 11 : 15 , 32 , 66 . 11 : 37 , 39,43,47,53,65,96,102.16:63,65.73,81, 82,100.37:21,26,30,37,46,62,86.11:13, 34,47.48,51.56,65,99,101.11:4,32,35,46, 64,94.41:26,36,45,46,49,80,91.11:37,44, 56,72.42:16,38,45.75,79.41:3,46,51,55, 80,103.44:4,6,46.41:3,5,6,7,41.43.41:20. 57,66.42:4,9,75,83,85,91. Solitary Vlzeo :Vireo solitarius . 1:23,27, 55.6:33,86.7:49,58,86,93,95.9:3,43,45, 50,97.11:3,8,74.11:67(F.s.so litarius ) . 12:36.13:20,23,40,41,43.46,49,76.14:11, 36,55.15:28,64.12:23.27,46,57.67.18:26, 51,55.57.19:22,48,63.21:28,36.21:12,27, 64.21:25,67.23:10,12,13,28.24:38.21:26. 31,67.26:30,39,40,45,58,63.22:6,20,34, 51.28:6,12,24,26,33.29:24,32.30:20,23. 31:32,63,64.32:32.33:5.17,27,30,49.34: 9,23,39.35:43,47.96,102.36:43,57,65,73, 81, 92. 9 3. H: 26, 30, 37, 46, 55, 62, 86. M: 34, 47,49,56,100.39:32,46,48,67,89,94.40:26. 33,36.45,46,49,52.41:37,44,46,47,52,53, 54,89.42:16,38.45,47,55,72.43:2,10,13, 22,23,46,80.44:6,46,88,103.41:26,30,31, 43,79.46:19,23,24,44,46,57,65,71.47:9, 22.24.50.78.91. Red-eyed Vi.reo:Vireo olivaoeus. 2:6,14.3: 15,31,38.4:16.1:3,18,23,33,55,59.6:4,67, 78.7:3,7,32,36,46,49.8:26,38,48.1:3,18, 45-48,50,63,70.10:3,27,54,60.11:54,58, 64,73.12:33,39,46.13:41,48.14:11,29,53, 55.11:26,28,30,32,57.16:14.17:19,23,67. 21 18:26.19:4,6.22.48.20:11,12.28,30,36. 21:27,64.22:25,31,44,60,62.23:5,26,28. 75.24:38.25:11,12,31,54,67.26:30,39.40, 53-57.22:6,10,34,67.^:24,27,56,57.21: 24,32.30:14.31:32,39,59,63,64,65,67.32: 32. 31: 7, 30, 59. M: 15, 32, 56, 66, 68, 70, 76. 11: 43, 47, 53, 95, 96, 101. 36: 57, 63, 65, 67. 73.80,81,82,92,93,96,100.12:21,22,23, 24,26,27,28,30,33,37,46,47,48,61.18:12, 13,34,43,49.51,54,56,96,98.19 : 4, 7. 8, 26, 32,35,48,90,94.^:26,33,36,46,49 ,57,80, 91.41:37,44,56.86.42:16.38,45,55,75,77, 78,79.80,84.41:3,46.42:4,6,46.45:3.5,6, 7,29,30,43,58.41:21,34.50,57,69.42:4,8, 9,83,85,91. Philadelphia vireo : Vireo phi lade Iphicus . 1:28.5: 62.1:33.2:46,49.8:42.1:97.10:3.11:67. 12:36,71.11:43.14:36,55,56.16:11.13.11: 26,62.20:31.21:27,64.22:25,28,60,62.21: 4,54.24:38.21:26,31.59,68.26:53-57.22: 6,10,34.53.28:24,56,57.21:7,24,29,32, 58.10:23,37,58.11:32,45,64,65.32:14,32, 44 . 11 : 7 , 30 , 50 , 59 . 14 : 15 , 66 , 68 . 11 : 39 , 47 , 53,96,101,102,103.14:65,73,81.17:21,30, 37,39,46,62.18:34,43,96.19:26,46,89,90, 94.40:26,36,80,91.41:37,71,88.42:16,38, 95.41:2,46,50.55,76,102,103.44:4,6,46, 100,103.41:43,58.46:20,21,23,50,57,64, 65.47:8,9,19.22,24,76,78,80,91,100. Warbling Vireo : Fireo gilvus . 2:6.1:15.4: 16.5:18,26,33,59.6:4,61,67.2:32,46,49, 102.10:3,29,31,45.12:33.14:29,53.15:17, 23,28,30,57.16:34,43.17:23,27.18:26.19: 11,22,48.20:30,36,44,51.21:27,64.22:19, 25,60.21:28.24:38,56.21:31.26:30.22:6, 34.28:19,24.29:24,32.30:23.11:32,39.12: 32 , 44 . 11 : 30 . 34 : 8 , 23 , 32 , 50 . 11 : 39 , 43 , 47 , 62,64,96,101.16:65,67,73,96,100.17:21, 23,24,26,30,37,55,62.18:34,49,51,56,65, 94.11:4,32,46,48.^:26,36,46,49 ,70.41 : 37,44,56,71.42:16,38,76.41:46,54,55.44: 43,46,100.41:43,76,78,80.46:58,65,69, 70.42:4,19,75,78,83,92. Black-and-white Warbler 7ta varia. 2:6,10,14.1:15.4:8,10,16,36.1:3,19,43, 55.1:4,68,73.7:7,36,46,49,58.8:26,41, 48.9:3,45,48-50,63,69.11:3,33,42,54,58. 11:49,54,58,64,73,76.12:33,59.13:20,22, (inside back cover of March issue), 48, 76.14:: 11, 39. 11: 26, 30, 34, 36, 64. 11: 14, 15, 34,43.17:23,47,57.18:26,35.19:6,22,48. 20:11,28,30,36.21:8,12,27,51,64.22:26, 31,41,60,62,63.22:5,28.24:38.21:31,34, 42,54,68.26:30,38,50,53-57.27:7,10,34, 67.28:24,27,56,57.21:24,32.30:11,20,23, 4 2 . 31 : 3 2 , 3 9 , 6 4 , 6 5 . 32. : 3 2 , 4 7 . 22 : 7 , 2 7 , 3 0 , 59.21:8,15,32,34,56,66,68,70,76.25:35, 37,39,41,43,47,96,101.21:57,63,64,65, 73,81,82,92,93,96,98,100.21:21,24,26, 27,28,30,37,46,61,62,81,86.22:34,43.47, 49,51,54,56,99.21:5,26,32,35,46,48,94. 10:26,33,36,46,49.52,57,80,91.41:37,44, 89 . 12.: 15 , 16 , 38 , 45 , 48 , 55 , 75 . 77 , 78 , 79 . 42: 46.11:4,6,46,84,87.11:3,5,7,21,30,43, 58.41:50,58,87.42:6,9,46,47,48,78,80, 83,85,92. Prothonotary Warbler : Protonotaria citrea. 2:6,9,14,24.2:15,27.1:16,37.5:3,19,20, 28,29,41,42,55,59,60.1:38,71.2:7,23,46. 2:41.9:21,30,46,48.10:3,27,28,60,71.11: 73.12:33,35,74.12:34,35,42,54.11:11,31- 36,42.11:26,28,58.11:45.12:23.12:26.12.: 6,22.20:11,31,36.21:52,53,54,64.22:26, 40,48.21:6,25,28,40,51.21:38.56.21:31, 42,52.21:26,30,50.22:7,30,34,49,52.22: 24, 43. 29: 24, 32. 30: 23, 34, 38.11:32.32: 32, 39. 33: 13, 30, 50, 54, 59. 34: 22, 23, 32, 75. H: 47,49,101.36:63.64,67,73,92.11:21,30, 37,46,47.38:13,34,49,51,53,96.21:4,5, 26,32,35,46,64,94.40:26,36,46,49,52,91. 11:37,44,56,86.42:38.43:46,77,79,80.11: 8,46,78,85,87,104.45:3,5,6,40,41,44, 104.11:58,65,66,70,91.47:4,78,83.85,92, 103. * Swainson's Vlaxhler : Limnothlypis swainsonii. 2:10,14.1:1,3,11.11:37,48,106,111.12: 25,27-31,33,59.11:34,43,45.14:38.15: 33.16:12,43.12:24,28.12:22,48,63.21:31, 36.21:27.49,68.22:62.24:34,38,55.21:31, 64.68.26:30,47.28:26,46.30:23.11:32,47. 22:32,42.31:30.34:32.35:30,43,47,66.11: 65,73,82.32:14,30.38:34.39:4,32,34,46, 67. M.: 36, 70. 41: 3, 37, 56, 71, 74, 78. 42: 15, 38,68,72,75,78,79,84.41:2,46,54.55,80, 98,103.44:4,47,50.53,88.45:44,46,104. 41:24.58,65.67,70,88,90,91.42:2,4,5,17, \ 19,24,75,80,83,92,99,103. Worm-eating Varhler : Hetmitheros vermivorus . 2:10.1:15.4:16.1:4.2:49,58,71.8:36,37.9 : 45.10:3,31,57.11:49,54,77.12:33.36,40, 58.14:38.15:26,27,30,55.11:34.12:24,47. 18:26.11:22,48,63.20:29.30,36,44.21:27. 43,52,64.22:26,40,41,47.22:28,52,53,67. 24:38,55,56,58.25:31,43,51,54,68.21:30. 51.22:7,10,34,45,51,68.28:24,26,44.29 : 24,32,56.30:23,36,37.31:32,39,47,63,64. 22:32.33:7,8,30,51.34:32,50,56,66.35:36, 39,43,47,69,96.36:63,65,67,73,81,82,92, 100.32:14,21,24,26.30,38,46,47,55,62,81. 38:34,49,51,54,56,96.39:5.26,32,35,42, 46,48,64,90.40:26,36.45,46,49,52,91.41: 37,44,86.42:16,38,45,75,79,80.43:3,46, 77,80,100.44:^,6,47,80.45:3,6,30,44.46: 58,65,87.47:4,5,22,83.85,92,99. Golden-winged Warbler : Fermfyora chrysoptera. 1:38.6:4,34,35.2:36,48,71.8:41,62,76.9: 42,45.11:3.11:58,77.12:36,59,71,77.13: 43.15:32,56.11:12.12:24.18:26,35,62.19: 22,48.20:29,30,36.21:27,64.22:26.23:28, 32,52.24:38,55.21:31,53,54.26:48.22:34, 45.28:20,24,33.29:24,28,32.10:23,36,37. 31:32,46,55,64.12:32.13:13,30,34,48,50, 51,59.14:32,51.15:43,47,62,66,96,102.16: 20,63,73,81,94,96.12:26,30,38,46,54,56, 62,81.18:34,47,51,56.11:26,33,46,90,94. 41:26,36,46,49,52,68,79,80,91.41:38,69, 72.42:16,38,55,61,75,78,79,80.41:46,77, 99,103.44:4,6,47,54,87.45:30,31,44,69, 70,80,104.46:58.47:75,80,92,93,103. Blue -winged Warbler : Vermivora pinus . 2:10, 11.1:15.4:10,16.2:36,49.8:27,38,41,61.9 : 63.10:3.11:58,76.12:71,77.14:39.15:26, 27,34,36,55,56.12:24.18:25,26.19:5,22, 48,63.20:36,54,55.21:64.22:40,41.21:4, 26,36,67.24:35,38.25:31,43,51.26:30.22: 10,30,34.21:24,56.21:24,32.10:20,23.11: 32, 55. 12: 32, 51. 11:13,30,50.14:: 32, 50, 66. 15:37,47,52,56,105.16:63,74,81,92.12:14, 21,30,38,46,84.38:34,47,49,51.11:5,26, 33,35,42,43,46,64.66,85,90,94.40:36,46, 49,70,87,91.41:38,44.42:16.39,45.61.41: 47, 50, 103. 44:: 4, 6, 47, 54, 84, 87. 41: 3, 5, 6, 41,44,69,70,80.46:58,65,70,90.42:9,78, 80,83,92,101,102. * Golden-winged Warbler X Blue-winged Warbler : Vermivora chrysoptera X Vermivora pinus. References to those hybrids which conform to the "Lawrence ' s Warbler" phenotype are followed by an "L" ; references to the "Brewster ' s Warbler" phenotype are followed by a "B". 12:77B.21:65L.21:8L.27:31L,34L, 60L.11:55B.32:42B.11:30L.34:73B.35:52B. 14:20L and B . 18 : 30B , 34B , 49B .11: 94B .41 : 86B . 42 : 48B , 61B . 44 : 48B . 45 : 69B . 46 : 9 IB . Tennessee Warb ler : Vermivora peregrina . 1:14, 15.2:14.1:15.4:16.5:43,65.6:14,35,73,78, 90.2:7,24,101.1:3,97.10:3,4,33,42.11:34, 77.12:59.14:55.15:30,77.12:24.11:26.11: 22.20:11,29,36.21:9,27,29,51,54,65.22:13, 23,26,27,48.59,60,62.21:26,28.24:38,42, 57.25:11,31,60,67,68.26:30,46,50,51,53- 57.22:7,9,10,30,34,67.28:12,24,26,43,55, 56,57.21:24,32,54.10:23,37.11:32,63,64, 65,67.32:14,32.11:7,8,30,50,51,59.14:15. 32,34.56,66,68.70,73,75.76.11:47,53,62, 95,96.102,105.14:57,62,64,73,80,81,82,96, 98,100.17:21,27,28,30,33,38,46,47.61,62, 81,84,86.18:12,34,43,49,51,54,96,99,100. 22 2i: 25, 26, 33, 35, 42, 43, 46. 64, 66, 89, 90, 94, 96.40:25,26,36.46,50,57,79.80,88,91.93. 41:38,44,69,79,86,89.42:15,16,39,45,70, 93.43:25,47,51,102.44:4,6,47,64,68,84. 45:21,30,31.41,44,58.46:2,44,50.58.65, 69,90.42:8,9,17,22,83,92. Orange- crowned Warbler : ^ermiyora aelata. 5:27.7:38,49.8:76.10:3.12:36,71.11:20, 23.11:49. 21: 15, 29, 65. 22: 47, 62, 70. 21: 10. 24:34,38.22:7.28:12,13,55,56.57.29:6. 24,28,32.30:20,23,36,58.11:45,63,64.32.: 4,32.11:7,8,12.30,48,63,69.14:7,84,87. 11:38.47,50,95,96,102,104,106,113.11: 43.73,81.100.12:30,46,62,81,83,86.38: 34,49,51,93,94,96,100.11:33.34,46,75, 78,89.41:26,50,80,89,91.41:46,69.42:18, 39,95.41:13,23,24.54,102.44:47,80,100, 104.41:13,21,30,31,42,44,76,78.46:20, 23,24,44,67,69,71.41:9,19.22,24,38,45, 46.76.78.92. Nashville Warbler : l^ermiyora rufiaapilla. 1:15.6:33. 7:49, 71, 101.1: 2, 39 .10:3.11 : 34,68,103.104.12:58.14:37,55.11:30.17: 24.11:26.19:22.63.21:11.21:9,24,27.54, 65.22:26,27,60,72.21:4.24:17,38,57,74. 21:31,68.26:30,46,51.22:10,18,30,34.28: 24,26,43,54,56.29:24,32.11:23,37,58.11: 32, 64, 65. 12.: 32. 11:8, 30, 59. M: 15, 28. 32, 50,66,75.11:15,47,62,96,102.103,104, 105,106.11:62,65,73,81,82.96,100.17:21. 30,38,46,62,81,84,86.18:34,49,51,56,94, 96,101.11:26,33.35,46,66,90,94,96.40: 26,36,46,50,80,91.41:38,44,86.42:16,39, 45,70,93,95.41:47,51,103.44:4,6,47,64, 68.45:21,30,44,80.46:44,58,69,71.47:9, 22.80.92. Northern Parula : Parw 7a amerioana. 2:6,10, 14,20.1:15.4:8,16,39.5:3,22,23,43,55, 59.6:4.1:36,69,70,73.9:63.10:3,54.11: 31,37,58,76.11:33,35,59.14:51,53,55.11: 27,34.36,57.16:33,34,43,45.17:24.18:26. 19:6,13,22,49.20:29,30,36.21:9,27.65. 22:26,40,60.23:6,28.24:38.57,58,59.25: 31,44.68.26:30.22:7,34,49,59,67.28:13, 24, 46, 57. 21:24,32.10: 23. 42. 31:11,32, 63, 6 4 . 32 : 3 2 . 11 : 7 , 8 , 3 0 . 14 : 3 2 . 35 : 3 7 , 3 8 . 3 9 , 43,47,96.16:65,68,73.81,82,94.11:21,26, 30,38,55,81.38:13,34,49,51,53,54,56,99. 31:5,33,35,46,48.94.40:26,36,46,50,52, 80,91.41:38,44,56,86.42:16,39,45.48,75, 79,84.41:7.47.51.44:4,8,47.84.45:3,5.6, 30,31,44.46:58,65.47:4,9.17,83,85,86, 92. Yellow Warbler :Pendro-iea peteahia. 2:6,10. 1:11,15.4:16.1:23,33,55,59.1:4,38.7:7, 32,36,46,49.8:27,41.9:25,45,54,70.10:3. U: 34, 49, 54, 64. 12: 33, 37, 39, 58, 71. 11: 41, 48.14:7,29.15:17,28,30,32,34,55.16:34. 12:24,48.18:26,35.19:5.22,49.^:11.29, 30,36,45.21:9,27,65.22:26,27,31,40.23: 6,28,32,54.24:38,57.25:27,31,43.26:31, 50.22:7,34.28:24,27,55.56.29:24,32.10: 15 , 23 , 42 , 54 . 11: 11 , 32 , 39 . 59 , 64 , 70 . 31: 32 . 33:7,8,27,30,32,59.34:33,66.15:43.47. 36:64,65,67.69,73,79,81,92,96,100.32: 21,26,30,38,48,62,84.38:2,34,49.51,53. 54,56.19:5,26.33,35,43,46.41:26,33,36, 47,50,52,91,93.41:38,44,69.42:16,26.39, 45,48.75,79.43:47,51.44:6,47.45:3,5,30, 44.46:34,50,58.47:4,5,9,83.85,86,92. Magnolia Warbler : Oendratca magnolia. 1:15, 37.4:16,36.5:43.1:4,35,73.7:7,36.69.8: 39. 2.: 3, 66, 98. 11: 3, 32, 33, 42, 58. 12: 58. 11: 46,48.14:55.11:30,32.77.16:34.17:24.18: 26.19:22.21:11,29,36.21:9,27,65.22:13, 18,26,28,47,49,60,62.63,72.21:28,32,53. 24:17.38,59.21:11,13,31,53.60,61,67,68. 24: 31. 48. 51, 53-57. 27: 7, 10, 34, 49, 51. 67. 28:12,13.24,43,55,56,57.29:24,32,54,58. 11:23,37.11:32,46,63,64,65,67.12:13,14, 32 . 11: 8 , 30 , 59 . 14 : 15 , 29 , 33 . 34 , 38 , 49 . 50 , 52,56,66,68,69,70,73.11:43,47,53,62,95, 96,102,105.16:57,73,81,82,96,98,100.17: 21,24,26,27,28,30,33.38,46,47.62,81,84,86 18:2.34,43,49,51.54,56,96,99.11:25,26, 33.43,64,66,90,94,96.41:25,26,36,50,57, 69, 79, 80, 91, 93. 41: 38, 69,86.^:15, 16. 39, 70,93.41:47,51,75,99.^:4,6,47,85.45: 30,44,58.46:50,58,87,91.41:9,22,41,92. Cape May Warbler : Pendroiaa tigrina. 1:15. 4:16.5:27.6:4.7:7,36,48.8:39.10:3.12: 36.58.14:36.15:29,32,34.74.17:24.18: 26,35,62.11:12,13,22.20:36.21:27,65.22: 26,28,62.21:28,56.24:38,55,60.21:31,55. 68 . 26.: 31 . 51 . 21: 7 , 34 . 21 : 12 , 24 , 57 . 29 : 24 , 32.10:23.11:32,39.12:32.11:30,50.14:33, 38,52,56,75.15:47,52,105.16:64,65,73, 81,82,93,94,98.100.12:30,33,38,62,84. 11 :34,43,47,51,54,101.11:25.33,46.64, 90,94,96.40:26,36,50,69,79,80,93.41:38, 47,89.42:39.93.41:22,47,94,95.44:4,6, 47.41:44,80.41:43,44,58,65.47:9,22,34, 37,38,42,45,47,48,50,75,92. Black-throated Blue Warbler : Oendroica oaerulesoens . There are 15 references to D . a . oairnsi in The Migrant prior to 1950. I have given no special notation to these references , since many of the references after 1950 are also, though not stated, to oairnsi, the breeding form in Tennessee. 1:15.4:16.5:55.6:4.7:6.36,58.8:39.9:3, 43 , 45 , 50 . 10 : 3 . 11: 40 , 41 . 14 : 11 • 11 : 65 . 17 : 6,24,57,67.11:26.19:22,33.49.20:28,36. 21:28,65.22:26,62.23:28.24:38.25:31,55, 68.26:31,38,39.27:7,10,34,43-44.28:12, 24,33,55,56,57.29:8,24.32,56.10:15,23, 42.21:32,45,64.12:32,61.11:5,7.8,13.27. 30.14:33,34,39,52.15:47,64.26 :73,81,82, 93,94,100.17:22,26,30,33,38,55,62,86. 18:12,34,51,56,100.21:33,46.48,94.40: 26,33,36,47,50,79,80.^:38,46,52,53,54, 88 . 42.: 16 , 39 , 55 , 70 , 72 . 41: 47 , 51 . 79 . 44 : 4 , 6 , 47 . 49 , 50 , 79 . 100 . 41: 44 , 58 . 46 : 20 , 58 , 69 , 87,88.47:22,78,92,100. Yellow-rumped .Warbler -.Dendroioa aoronata. 1:15.2:4,27.1:8,10,15,28.43.4:6.16,26, 28.5:9.43.6:4,8.7:12,36.8:8.9:8,16,17, 92.10:3,5,7,33,81.11:6,7.22,23,26,27, 49, 112. 12.: 8. 9, 16. 11: 17, 20, 24. 27. 62, 75, 76.14:3,12,13.39,45,55,56,57,74.15:12, 16,30,34,70,74,77.16:34,47,60.17:10,24. 65,69.18:26,35,55,57.19:8,22.49,68.20: 13,14,15,30.36.60,63.21:12,13,14,15,28, 65,76.22:13,14,16,18,23,26,28,67.23:13, 28, 51 (P.e.awduboni) ,59,70.24:38,78.25: 11,16,31,78.26:16,25,31,50,63.22:7,10, 17,18,20,34,53,67,73.28:6,9,12,24,32, 55,56,66.29:9,10,24.32,54,71.30:10,23, 34,37,67.31:13,16,17,18.32,64,70,77.32: 10. 32, 70. 21: 8, 10, 18, 30. 59, 63, 69. 14:8, 10,15,33,34,66,72,76,78.80,84.35:15,39, 41,47,96,104,105,106,114.36:8,9,10,11, 14,43.57,64,67,73.81,89,92.96.98,100. 37:6,8.9,10,21,24,26,30,33,38,46,62.66, 81,84,86.18:2,18,19,20,21,23,34,49,52, 54,56,89,96,99.103.39:26,33,35,46,64, 66,78,90,94.40:20,24.26,36,47,50,69,80. 84. 91. ^:9, 23, 38, 69. 86. «: 10, 16, 22, 39, 70.^:13,24,47.44:4,6,12,27.29 .31,47, 49,53.103.45:13,26,29,30,41,44,58.46:9, 19,50,58,71.47 :9, 37, 80, 92, 100. * Black-throated Gray \la.vhler -.Dendroioa nigresoens . 2^-.l (Mississippi) .43:67. Black-throated Green Warbler :£iendrofca virens . 1:15.2:14.3:15,28.4:8,16,36.38,39.5:43, 55,62,65.6:4,53.1:7,36,46.49,58,70,73, 101.8:15,41,52.58.61.9:3,45,50,63.98. 10:3,31,33,42.11 : 58,68 (D.y.waz/nei) ,76, 77 .12 : 36 , 58 , 71 .13.: 46 .14 : 55 , 56 .11: 16 ,30 , 34,67.11:10,24,48,57.67.18:26.19 : 22. 49. 21: 28, 30, 36, 45. 21: 28, 51, 53, 65. 22.: 13, 26, 31,40,41,60,62.21:28,54.24:9,38,57.25: 31,53,68.26:31,38,48,50,51,53-57.27:7, 10,34,49.67.21:13,24.55,56.29:24,32,54. 30:15,23,37.31:32,46,64.32:32.33:8,27, 30,59.14:8,15,33,34.38,51,52,66,73.31: 39,43,47,53,62,96,101,105.16:64,65,67, 73,81,82.92,93,96,98.100.37:21,24.26, 27,30,38,46,62.81,82,84.86.18:34,49,52, 54,56,66,96,99,100.39 : 26, 33, 43, 46, 48, 64,66,89 ,90,94.40:26,33,36,47,50,52,69 . 80.91.41:38.44,52,53,54,69,86.89.42:16, 39,45,48,55.75,79,83.43:47,80,99,104. 44:4,6,22,47.41:30,44,58.46:19,50,58. 47:9,45,78,83,92. 23 Cerulean Marhler -.Dendroica oevulea. 1:2.2:10.3:15.4:16.5:3,27.6:4.7:3,36, 43, 49, 73. i: 45. 10:33,60. 11: 49, 58, 64. 12: 39,58.11:34,43.15:27,30,34,36.16:34.17: 24.18:26.11:6,22,49,63.20:11,12,36.21: 28,65.22:26,32,41,43,48.21:28,32.24:38, 55,58.25:31,43.26:31,47,50,51.22:7,34, 51.21:24,26,44.29:24,32.30:23,37.31:32. 39, 64. 12: 32. 11: 30, 59. 34: 33. 15.: 36, 43, 47. 16:62,64, 73,81.12:21,26,30,38,62.38:34, 49,52,65,67,99.19:5,33,35,42,46,64,94. 40:26,37,47,50.41:38,44,47,56,57.74.42 : 39.45,75,77,79.41:3,47,79.44:4.6,47,80, 87.41:3,5,6,7,30,41,44,80.46:58,70,91. 47:4,9,22,78,80,85,92. Blackburnian Warbler : Oewdroica fusaa. 1:15,28.4:16.1:23,43.6:35,38,78.2:7,36, 48,49,98,101.8:41.9:4,43,45,66,98.10: 58.11:76,77.12:59.60,71.13:41,46.14:55. 15:30,32,64.17:24,57,67.18:26.19:22,49. 21:11,12,29,36.21:28,51,65.22:26, 49,60, 62.21:28,32,53,56.24:17,38,57,60.21:31, 53.68.26:31,39,48,50,51,53-57.22:7,10, 34,45,49,67.28:12,25,33,54,55,56,57.21: 25,32,54,58.31:15,23,37,42.31:32,39,46, 64.12 :32.31:8,30,50,59.34:15,33,34, 38, 50,52,56.66,68,69.35:43,48,53,62,96, 102,104,105.36:64,66,73,81,82,93,96,98, 100.17:21,24,26,27,30,38,62,81,84,86. 18:34,47,49,52,56,96,99.39:26,33,35,43, 46,66,67,89,90,94.40:26,37,47,50,69,80, 91,93.41:38,44,52,53.54,69,86,88.42:16, 39,45,55,70,75,76,79.41:3,47,51,55,77, 99.44:4,5,6,47.45:30,44.58.46:19,50,58, 90.47:9,16,78,92. Yellow- throated Vlarhler -.Dendroica dominiaa. 2:9,11,14.1:15,29,49.4:8,16,37.5:3.19, 42,43,55,59.6:4,78.7:7,36,46.8:27.1:45, 50.10:3,4,27,33,54,60,62.11:58,73.12: 26,33,45.11:35.14:11.11:30,36.11:11,14, 38,43,45.17:24.31.18:26.19:6,12,22,49. 20:31,36,55.21:28,49-50,68.22:26,28,31, 41,44,62.21:6,28.24:22-25,38.15 : 31, 43. 21:31,50.21:46.21:25,33.31:23.31:32,63, 64.32:32.33:8,30,47,50.14:8,33,50,56. 35:35,37.39,43,48,96.36:62,64,66,74,82, 96.12:21,30,38,81,84.38:34,47,49,52,94. 11:5,33,35,46,48,64,67,90.94,96.40:26, 37,47,50,52,80,91,93.41:38,44,46,47,56, 57,72.42:16,19,39,45,48,75.78.79,84.41: 5,43,47,55,104.44:4,47,79.80,100.41:3, 5,6,7,41,44.46:58,65.47:4,92. Chestnut-sided Warbler : Dendroica pensy Ivaniaa 3:15.4:16,39.5:23,43,55.1:4,73.7:86,101. 1:4,31,43,45,50.10 : 3, 33, 42. 11: 49, 77. 12 : 59,71.11:40,41,46.15:34,64.16:34.17:6, 24,57,67.18:26.11:22,49.20:11,28,36.21: 28,52,65.22:26,60,62.23:28,32,53,56.24: 17,38,57.25:11,12,32,53,55,60,67,68.26: 31, 39, 48, 51, 53-57. 12: 2, 34, 43-46, 67. M: 11,25,33,43,55,56,57.21:25,33.30:23,42. 11:32,59,64.32:32.11:8,30,49,50,59.34: 15,33,34,38,39,49,50,51,52,56,66,68,69, 70.11:36,39,43,48,53,62,96.21:57,64,66, 67,74,81,82,92,94,96,98,100.17:21,22, 24,26,27,28,30,38,46,55,62,86.11:34,49, 52,56,96,99.21:26,33,43,46,48,66,67,91, 94.40:25,26,37,47,50,52,69,79,80,91.41: 38,53,54,68,74,79,86,89.42:16,28,39,55, 70,75,76,77,80,93.41:9,47,51,80,99.44: 4,6,47,79,84,87,88,100.41:30,44,58.46: 50,58,71,87,89.41:6,9,22,78,92,101,102. Bay-breasted VSarhler iDendroica castanea. 1:15.4:16.5:43.6:4,78.1:36,101.8:37.11: 3,33.12:71.13:67.14:39.15:77.17:24.18: 26.11:22.20:36.21:28,65.22:26,49,60,62. 21:28,32.24:38,42,57,60.21:11,32,53,67, 68.26:31,50,53-57.21:7,10,34,67.28:12, 25,55,56,57.21:25,33.30:15,23,37.31:33, 39,59,64,65.32:32.31:8,30,50,51,59.14: 15,33,34,37,66,68,69,70,75.31:36,48,53, 62,95,96,105.36:57,64,65,74,81,82,94, 96,98,100.37:21,27,30,38,46,61,81,83, 86.18:34,43,47,49,52,54,96,99,100,101. 31:26,33,43,64,66,91,94.41:26,37,57,79, 80,91.41:38,44,46,69,79,89.42:15,16,19, 39.41:47.44:4,6,47.41:30,44.41:44,50, 58,90.42:8,9,17,22,83,84,85,92,100. Blackpoll Warb ler : Dendrot ea striata. 2:14. 1:15.4:16.7:7,36,46,49.8:2,6.10:3,31, 33.11:49.12:26.11:46.11:30,32,34.17:24. 18:26.11:22.20:36.21:28,65.21:26,60,62. 21:28,32.24:38.21:27,32,54.26:31.22:7, 34.28:25.21:25,33.30:23,38.31:33,39,59, 63,64.32:32.11:30,59.24:23,29,33,35,38. 31:40,43,48,53,62,95,96,105.16:64,67, 74,80,81,94,98.12:21,24,26,30,33,38,61, 62.11:34,43,47,49,52,54,56.31:25,26,33, 35,42,43,46,64,66,67.41:25,26,37,47,50, 69,79,80.41:38,44,69,89.42:16,39,45,51, 70,75,78,95.41:47,51,97,100.44:6,47,53, 85.41:44,104.46:20,23,49,50,58,70,90. 42:6,8,9,19,22,78,79,80,83,84,85,92, 103. Pine Warbler : Dendroica pinus . 2:5,10,11.1: 10,15.4:16,21,39.5:3,10,11,27,46.6:4, 73,80.2:12,36,49 ,73.8:6,14,27,40,41.9 : 12,15,16,45,46,48.11:3,8,54,62.11:28,49, 58,68,73,74.12:8,33,40.11:33,62,63.14: 74 . 11: 14 , 16 , 27 , 34 . 11 : 43 . 12 : 24 , 35 , 46 , 47 . 11: 8, 26. 19.: 22, 50. 21: 30, 36. 21: 13, 26, 65, 76.22:16,26,28,31,40,41,62.21:13,28.24: 15,16,38,78,80.25:32,34,55,68,76,78.26: 31,63.22:7,18,20,34,73.28:7,10,14,25, 66.29:8,25,33,71.30:23,67.31:16,33,39, 63,64,77.12:32,70.11:30,50,63,69.14:33, 84,87.15:35,37,39,43,48,64,114.36:43, 64,66,74,86,90,92,98,100.32:8,14,26,30, 38,66,81.11:18,20,34,54,89,94,100,101. 11:21,33,42,46,48,64,78,94,96.40:23,37, 45,50,52,68,69.41:9,38,44,69.42:10,39,. 43,48,75,79.41:13,47,77.44:8,12,47,79, 80,85.41:3,13,21,24,26,29,44,76.46:9 , 46,48,58,70,71,91.42:19,37,48,50,80,83, 85.92. * Kirtland's Warbler : 5endro-£ca kirtlandii. 27:53. Prairie Warbler : Oewdro-iea discolor . 2-'10, 11,14.1:15.4:16.5:3.6:4,53,72,73.2:32, 36,46,58.8:27,41.9:19,31,45,47.10:3,54. 11:54,58,64,68.12:33,37,45.11:33.14:11, 39.15:23,26,36.16:43.12:24,46,47.18:26. 11:5,6,22,50.20:11,30,36.21:9,28,65.22: 26,31,41.21:5,26,29,32.24:38,55.25:32, 43,54.21:31.22:7,10,30,34.28:12,25.27. 29:25.33.30:23.11:33.31:32.33:30,50.34: 33,34,50,56.31:39,41,43,48,64.36:57.62, 64,66,67,74,82.100.32:21,24,26,30,38, 61, 81, 84, 86. Id: 34, 49, 52, 54, 56.39:5, 33, 35,42,46,48.64,91,94,96.40 : 37, 45. 47, 50, 87,93.41:38,44.42:16,39,45,75,79.41:47, 54,55.44:4,8,47,68,85,88.45:3,6,41,44, 99,104.41:35.58,65.42:6,78,83,85,92,103. Palm Warbler :£>ewdroica palmarum. 1:15.2:9, 14.3:15,43.4:16.6:92.2:36,46,49.8:41.9: 97 .10.: 3 , 8 , 33 , 76 , 77 and 18(D . p .hypochry sea) . 11:22 and 2U{D. p. hypoahrysea) ,U9 ,10h. 11:9.11:20,62,63.75.14:19,39,56,57,74. 15:30,34.71,74.16:34,60.12:24,32,63,65. 13. -26 ,35 (D . p . palmarum and D . p . hypochry sea) , 55,61.11:22,50.20:36,63.21:11,14,28.54, 65.22:16,20,26,60,62.21:29,32,70,73.24: 38.25:32,53,68.26:31,46,51,60.63.22:7, 10,20,34,53,67.73.21:14,25.55,56.21:25, 33,54,71.21:11,23,62,67.11:33,64,67,71, 77.12:32,71,72.21:8,10,31,59,65,69.34: 8,15,33,34,38,50,66,68,69.70,73,75,84, 87.21:16,43,48,96,104,105,114.36:43,57, 64,74,80,82,92,96,98,100.32:6,21,24.27, 31,33,38,47,61,62,81,84,86.38:2,20,34, 49.52,86,89,94.96,99,100,101,103.11:19, 21,22,26,33,35,43,46,66,89,94,96.40:23, 26,37,45,50,80,91.41:38,86.42:7,10,16, 39.41:13,14,24,25.47,51,55.44:4,6,9,12, 47,103.45:13,20,24,30,41,44,58,80.46:9, 44,47,48,50,58,65,71.42:19,24,37,45,46, 48.50.80.92. Ovenbird :5eiwrMS aurooapillus . 1:15.1:15, 28.4:16,51.5:3,19 ,23,43,55.6 : 4. 2: 7, 36, 46,49,72,101.1:27.1:45,48,66.11:3,4,31, 42,74.11:37,49,54,58,73.12:27,65.11:41. 14:42,45.15 : 64. 11: 11, 34. 12: 24, 58. 18:26, 35 and 36 (S . a . aurocapillus , S . a. furvior and S. a\ cinereus) . 38 . 62 . 19 : 22 . 27 , 50 . 20 : 11 , 12,13,28,30,36,45.21:12,28,66.22:26,27, 31,60,61,62.21:29.24:38,57.25:11,12,32, Ik 44,53,60,67,68.26:19.31,39,48,53-57.22: 7,10,34,67.21:12,25,26,43,55,56,57.22: 26,33.11:15,20,23,37,42.31:33,39,46,63, 64,65,67.32:13,32,43.33:6,8,27,31,59. 12:15,33,34,56,66,68,69,70.35:36,39,41, 43,48,53,64,95,96,101,104,105.11:57,62, 64,66,67.74,80.81,82,92,93,100.32:14. 21,24,26.27.28.31,33.38,46,61,62,81,84. 86.11:34,43,49,52,54,56,96,100.39 : 5, 25, 26,33,35,42.46,48,64,91,94.40:25,26,33, 37,45,47,50,52,69,79,80,91.41:38,44,69, 86.42:15,16,39,45,55,75,77,78,79.80.43: 3,5,47,51.44:4,5,6,47.45:3,6,7,29,30, 31,58.46:19,50,58,67,71.47:6,8,9,17,83. 85,92. Northern Waterthrush : Seiwrws noveboraoensis . 4:39.6:74.2: 11 {S . n . notabilis) .10: 'i,hb{S.n.notabilis) .11: 31 , 103 . 12.: 36 , 71 . 11: hi {S . n . notabilis) ,hb ,bl . 24: 36,39,56. 11.: 34, 39. 22: 24.18:36(5.^2. limnaeus) .20: 11.21:9,24.28.43.52,66.22:26,28,60,62. 23:24,25,29,53.24:34,38,57.25:27,32,53, 54 , 68 . 21.: 26 . 31 , 50 . 22 : 7 . 10 , 34 , 49 . 67 . 21.: 25, 46, 55. 22: 25, 33, 55. 11.: 23. 32: 33, 64, 65. 12:33,44.11:8,21,31,51.14:15,33,34,49, 50, 51. 56, 66, 68, 69, 73. 15.: 15, 40, 43, 48, 62, 96,103,105.16:57,74,81,82,100.32:21.26, 27,31,38,46,47,54,62,81,83,86.11:34,49. 52,56,66,94,96,101.12:26,33,35,43,46, 91,94,96.42:26,37,50,80,91.42:38,44.71. 42:16,39,45,47,70,72,93.41:10,13,14,22, 23,47,54,55,80,104.44:4,6,11,12,27,47, 51,53,54.42:30,44,58,80,104.42:58,65, 69.42:9,22,92. Louisiana Waterthrush: Seiurus motaailla. 2:5.2:6,9,14.3:15.49.4:8,16.2:3,19,23, 55.6:4.7:7,33.36,46,49.8:27,42.2:4,45, 48,53.10:3,33,36,42,43,54.12:49,58,73. 22:27,29,30,33.23:32,34.14:42.22:17,27, 30,32,34,36,55.14:11,14,15,34,43,47.22: 24,58.28 : 26.29 : 6, 22, 50. 20: 11, 29, 30, 36. 22:9,28.66.22:15,16,21,40,41.23:11,29, 67.24:15,35,38.22:26.27,32.43.53,75,78. 26:31,39,50.27:7,17,18,34.28:8,25,45, 46,56,61.22:25,33,55.34:23,42.32:12,33. 12 : 33. 39. 22: 2 7, 31. 34: 8, 33. 35: 37, 39, 41, 43.48.34:64,66,68.74,80,92,93.37:21,26, 27,38.47,48,54.32:13,34,49,52,54,56,66, 96,101.32:5,33,35,43,46,48,64,85,96.40: 37,47.50,52,89,91.41:38,44.47,57.42:39, 45,55.75,79,83,93.42:5,25,43,47.44:27, 47,53,85,87.42:3,6,7,21,41,44,76.^:23, 58,65,69,70.41:4,78.83,85,92. Kentucky Warb ler : Oporornis formosus . 2:9, 11,14.3:15,28,30,38.4:16,51.5:3,19,56. 6:4.73.7:7,36,46,49.8:27,29,38,41.2:31, 45,48.22:3,54,60.21:37.59,64.73.22:33, 45.13:33,73.14:11.12:26,32,34,35,57.16: 34,45.12:24.18:26.12:6.22,27,50.20:11, 12,29,30,36.22:28,66.22:26,29,31,41,62. 21:6,21.24:38.22:32,43,53,68.22:31.27: 7.10,34.28:25,27,46,56,57.22:25,33.12: 23 . 42 . 32: 33 , 39 , 64 . 32.: 13 , 33 , 47 . 33 : 8 , 31 , 50,59.34:8,15,33,50,56,66.35:39,41,43, 48,53.36:57,62,66,67,74,81,82,102.31: 21,24.26.31,38.47,61,62.81.18:13,35,49, 52,54,56,96.22:5,9 ,26,33,35,46,64,94. 40:26,37,47,50,57,79,80.42:38.44,56,70. 42:16,39,45,75,77,78,79.43:3,47,51,55. 44:4,6,8,47,68.42:3,6,7,30,44,58.46:21, 35,50,58,65.41:4,9,83,85,92. Connecticut Warbler : Oporornis agilis . Z: 38.20 : 3. 21: 73. 24: 27-28. 22: 31. 22: 27, 28. 22:11,12,31,33,36.22:52,66.22:19.21:25, 29.25:52,54.22:7.34,52,57.28:43.22:25. 30:23,36.32:45.59.32:10,33,47.14:28,33, 38 , 50 . 52 . 14 : 116 . 12: 62 . 12: 38 , 54 . 22 : 43 , 52,93,96,101.39:33,34,42,63,66,94,96. 42:26,37,44,47,80.93.42:38,86.42:39 .45, 70,95.41:47,51,54,77,79,100.44:47,51, 53,100.42:30,31.42:67,90.42:17,24,76, 83,100,102. Mourning Warbler : Oporornis Philadelphia. 1:15,28.4:19,39.2:27.6:33,71.2:38.22:3, 31 . 33 . 12.: 36 . il: 43 , 46 , 72 .24: 37 .12: 30 , 55 . 12:39.12:28,32.11:26,36.22:11,31.21:43, 66.22:23.26,28,60.21:29,32,54.22:52,68. 21:50.22:7.10.34.21:25,55.32:46,63.64. 21:33,41,42,44.11:7.8,13,59.34:33,34, 38,49,50,66,72.35:15,95,96.36:64,94.32: 21,24,31,33,46,47.62,81,83.11:65,67,93, 96.39:26,34,35,64,66,89,96.40:26,68,69, 70,88,91.41:38,86.42:16,68,70.43:47,48, 51,54,77,79,100,104.44:43,47,51,85,87, 99,100.41:58.41:20,69.42:19,76,83,100, 103. Common Yello\Jtbroat : Geothlypis triahas . 2:6,9,10,14.3:15.4:16.5:3,18,23,38,42, 43,56.1:5,20,73,90.2:7,18,33,37,46,49. 1:2,8,27,29,41,51,76.9:19.25,31,45-48, 54,69,70.1Q.:3,8,29,54,66.21:30(C.t.brac;zi:- daetylus) ,27 ,h9 , 59 ,6h , 68 (G . t .braahidaoty lus ) , 73.22:33,45.21:32,33,44,48.24:7,11,53, 55,56.11:17,27,28,30,34,36,57.21:34,45. 12:10,11,24,28.28:26,55,59.21:6,22,50. 20:11,28,30,36.21:4,28,46,66,76,77.22.: 12,26,27,31,41,60,62,63,67.23:5,29,67. 24:38.25:32,44,51,52,61,68.21:31,53-57. 22:7,10,34.28:25,56,57.29:25,33.30:15, 20,23,42.31:33,39,59,63,64.32:4,33.33: 8,31,59.34:15,33,34,50,56,66,68,69,70. 31:16,37,39,41,43,48,69,72,96,101,105. 11:57,64,66,67,74,80,81,82,93,94,96,98, 100.12:21,24,26,27,28,31,33,38,46,61, 62,81,84,86.11:2,12,13,35,49,52,54,56, 96,99,103.31:4,5,7,8,26,33,35,42,43,46, 48,64,91,94.40:26,37,47,50,52,80,87,91. 41:38,44,56,70,86.42:16,39,45,75,79,93. 41:5,10,13,15,16,22,23,24,25,47,77.44: 4,6,12,27,32,47,85,101.41:3,6,7,21,30, 44,58.46 : 6, 9 ,35,44,58,65.42:3,4,9,39 , 78.83.85.92. Yellow-breasted Chat :Jcter7a virens . 2:10, 14,24.1:15.4:16.5:3,18,23,56.6:2,5,68, 70,73,87.2:6,37,49,53.8:6,27.9:19,27, 31,45-47,54.10:3,54,78.11:37,54,59,64, 73. 12: 33, 37, 45, 74. 14:7,11,53. 15: 26, 27, 30,32.11:34,45.12:24,48.18:26,61.19:6, 22,51.20:11,12,28,30,36,60.21:28,66.22: 26,41,62.23:5,26,29.^:11,39.25 : 16, 32, 44,54,68.21:31.22:7,10,34,59.28:25,27, 56,57.21:25,33.30:15,20,24,41,42,54.31: 33,39,59,64.32:14,33,54.33:7,8,31,59. 34:15,23,33,50,56,66.35:39,41,43,48,96, 102,104,105.36:57,64,66,67,74,80,81,82, 93,96,100.12:21,24,26,31,38,47,61,62, 82.38:34,47,49,52,54,56,103.39:4,5,8, 26,33,35,46,48,64,75,94.^:18,19 ,26,37, 47,50,52,80,87,91,93.41:38,44,56,70.42: 15,16,39,45,70,75,77,79,80.41:22,27,47, 51, 77. M: 4, 6, 8, 47, 85, 101. 41: 3, 6, 7, 21, 30,44,58.46:6,9,11,35,50,58.42:3,4,9 , 45.83.85.92. Hooded Warbler : Wilsonia eitrina. 2:9,10, 11,14.3:15,40,49.4:8,16,20.1:19,23,29, 56.6:5.2:7,37,46,49.8:27,41.9:1,4,45, 46,64.10:3,33,54,60.11:49,54,59,64,111. 12:30,33.11:48.14:55.15:26,32,34,36.16: 34,45.12:10,11,24,58.11:27.19:6,22,51. 20:13,29,30,36.21:28,66.22:26,31,41,62. 21:6,25,29.24:39.25:32,44,53,68.26:31, 39,40,53-57.27:7,34,45,51.28:12,25,27, 56,57.29:25,33.30:20,24,42.11:33,39,64. 12: 33 . 31: 31 . 34 : 33 , 56 , 76 . 35 : 37 , 38 , 39 , 41 , 43,48,53,64,96.36:57,64,66,67,74,82,92, 93,100.32:21,26,31,38,62,81,86.38:13, 35,49,52,54,56,65,96.39:5,33,35,42,43, 46,48,64,94.41:26,37,45,47,50,52,80,91. 41:38,44,56,57.42:16,39,45,55,75,77,78, 79 ,84.41:3,5,47,99 ,100.44:4,8,47,104. 45:3,6,44,67.46:35,58,89.47:4,83,85,92. Wilson's Warbler -.Wilsonia pusilla. 1:43, 62.6:73,91.2:37,59,69,101.1:2,36,52,76. 9:67.10:3,57,58.11:76,77.12:36,71,76. 11:43.14:37,52.11:33,55.12:9,10,11,24. 18:27,36.21:11,12,33.21:9,54,66.22:26, 60,72.24:17,39,55,57,75.21:32,53,68.26: 31,48,50.22:7,10,51,68.28:13,43,56,57. 21:25,33,55.30:24,37,38.31:33,46,63,64. 12:33.33:7,8,31,48,51,59.14:8,33,38,50, 51,66,72,75.11:15,41,43,48,53,96,102, 105.36:69,81,82,100.12:21,31,33,38,47, 25 54,62,81 ,83,84.25.: 35, 99, 101.^: 26, 33, 64,66,89,91,94,96.^:26,68,69,70,91,93. 41: 38, 86. 42: 16, 39, 45, 70. 72. 75, 79, 91. 23,47.55,79,80,99,100.44:47,51.53,54, 87.^:30,44, 76, 78, 80. 45:23,50, 58. 70. 91. 42:22,24,31,78,80.83,92.102. Canada Marhl&x -.Wilsonia canadensis. 5.:^3, 62.6:5,73.7:37,43,59,69,86,101.8:36,39. 9:42,45,52.10:4,33,42,57,58.11:76,77. 12.: 58 . 13 : 41 , 46 . 14 : 56 . 15: 33 , 34 , 55 , 64 . 16 : 34.12:6,24,58.18:27,36.11:22,51.20:11, 12,28,36.21:28,52.54,61.22:26,28,47,48. 49,62.23:29.24:39,57,59.25:32,54,55,68. 26:31,39,40,48,51.27:7,10,35.45,49.28: 25,33,56.29 : 25, 28, 33, 54, 58. 30.: 24, 37, 38, 42.31:33,39,46,59,64.32:33.35:6,7,8,31, 48,50,59.34:15,29,33,38,39,52.66.31:41, 43, 48, 53, 62, 63, 64. 96, 105. 36.: 57, 64, 66, 67,74,81,93.103.32:26,31,38,47,54,55, 62,81.31:35,52,54,56.96,99.39:26.33,46, 48,66,67.95.40:26,33.37,45,50,57,69,80, 91.41:38,53,70,86.42:16,39.45,55,68,70, 75, 79,80,93.41:47.79,80,99.^:4,6,47, 87.41:30,44,78.46:50,58,65,69.47:22,80, 83,92. American Redstart : Setop^a^a rutiailla. 2: 9,10,11,14.3:15.4:16,20.1:43,56,59,62. 6:5.73.2:7,37,46,49,69.1:41,48.1:4.25, 45.48,52.11:4,32,42,54,60.11:37,49,54, 73, 76. 12.: 25, 33. 11: 48. 11: 30, 34. 16: 34, 43, 45.12:11,24.13:27,61.11:7,22,51.20:11, 29,30,36.21:28,53,66.22:26,31,41,43, 60,62.23:29.32.24:39,57,59.21:27,32,44, 56,67,68.21:31,46,51.27:8,10,35,67.28: 12,25,55,56,57.29:25.33.30:20,24,38,42. 31:11,33,39,59,63.64.65.12:33.31:8,31. 50,59.34:15,33,34,56,66,68,69,70.11:37. 38,43,48,53,96,101,104,105.31:62,64,66, 67,74,81.82,92,93,94,96.98,100.37:21, 26,27,28,31,33,38,47,56,62,81,84,86.11: 35,49,52.54,56,65,96,99,100.31:5,26,33, 35,43,46,95.40:26,37,47,50,79,80,91,93. 41:38,44,56,89.42:16,39,45,55,75,78,79. 80.41:3,47,51.44:4,6,36,47,80.41:3,6,7, 30.44,58,78.46:50,58,69.42:4,9,83,92. House Sparrow : Passer domestious. 2_:2,18, 30,31.1:8,13,49.4:6.28.5:3,9,23,29,56, 59,60.1:8.7:8,12,35,56.8:8,27,63.9:8, 16-18,25,46-50,70,88.92.10:4,5,7.33.54, 62,81.11:8,22,23,59,73,94,96.12:8,9.33. 47.11:17,20,62,75.14:18,51,53,74.11:9, 15,16,26,57,59,70.11:34.60.17:24,48,65. 69. 11: 27, 38, 39, 40, 55, 57. 12.: 7, 12, 22, 51, 68.20:15,36,63.21:28,31,66,76.22:26,28, 67.21:29,70.21:39.79.21:17,32,78.26:31, 49,63.27:8,15,35,60,68,70.73.21:11,19, 25 , 30 , 66 . 22. : 9 , 25 , 33 , 54 , 57 , 71 . 12: 16 , 24 , 26,33,34,39,60,67.31:14,17.33,36,37,39, 44,59,70,77.12:15,17.33,47,71.21:10,31, 69,72.34:12,33,49.70,84,90.15:48,114. 21:43.74,90,92,97.11:38,66.71,72,76.21: 2,9,13,35,89.39:4,5.7,8,33,35,73,78,85. 40:37,81.41:9.38,56,57.12:5,10,14,19, 23,39 ,75,79.43:13,18,20,47.41:12.47,70, 82,96.11:3,6,8,13,44,98.46:4,9,14,35, 58.17:3,4.15,37,43.61,83,85,92. ^dbo\i.nV.:Dolichonyx ovyzivovus . 2:14,18.3: 15,31.1:16,20.5:27,28,45.6:50.7:6,35, 49, 73. 1:36, 37. 2.: 30. 31. 11: 4. 31, 33. 12: 5, 7,60.11:38.11:33,58.11:34.11:24.18:27. 11: 22. 20; 11, 36. 21:28,50, 66. 22: 26, 47, 48. 21:25,29,30,53,56.24:13,39,55,75.21:26, 32.21:31,47.21:8,10,35,51,52.22:13.25, 46.21:26,28,33,34,55,59.10:18,24,30,36. 31:33,43,47,64.70.32:4,33,43.11:7,8,10, 31,51,59.14:7,17,18,19,33,34,49,50,54, 56,66,75.15:31,36,43,48,55,62,66,72,96, 105,121.12:60.61,64,66,67,74,81,82,94, 96.12:21,23,24,26,31,38,62,86.18:35,47, 49.52,54.56,67,68,101.39:33,43,46.66, 95,96.41:26,37,47,80.41:38,70,83,86,89. 42:39,45,70,75,79,80,91,95.41:47.51,54, 55,100,102.44:6,43,47,53,54,85,87, 103 , 104.45:3,6,44,64,78,102,103.46:20,23, 58,66,67,69,90.41:19,22,75,78,92,102,103. Eastern Meadowlark : Stwrwe ZZa magna. l.:15. 2:4,6,14,18.1:8,15.43.49.4:2.6,8,16,24, 28.1:3.9,19,23,46,56.6:8,33,68.7:12.8: 8.9 : 8, 16-19, 26, 45-48, 50, 63, 69, 70, 91, 92. 11:4,5,7,81.11:22,23,31,54,59,64,75, 112.12:8,33,37,46.11:17,20,34,44,55,62, 74,75,76.14:5.11,18,29.48,53,77.15:9, 16,27,28,57,70,71,74,77,78.16:34,60.17: 24,65.69.18:22,27,55.57,62.11:7,11,22, 51,68.20:28,30,36,52,63.21:28,66,74,76. 22:15.16,26,28,46,67.23:5,26,29,59,70. 24:39,53,79.25:27,32,78.26:16,31,63.21: 8,35,48,73.28:25,49,56,66.29:9,26.33, 54,71.10:16,24,30,34,67.11:14.16,33,39, 59,70,77.32:6,33,65,71.11:10,31,70,72. 14:12,33,81,84,90.11:48,69,114.16:^3, 52,57,74,90,92,97.11:27,38,66,71.18:2, 9,13,35,89.11:4,5,7,8,33,35.78.40:37, 54 . 41 : 9 , 38 , 56 . 42.: 10 , 39 , 47 , 76 , 79 , 82 , 84 . 41:13,47,54,77.44:4,12,14,47,85,101.45: 3,6,7,13,44.41:9,35,58.42:3,4,34,37,83, 84,85,92. * Western Meadowlark : 5 turneZZa neglecta. 12.:16 and 59 (Mississippi) .14:77.18:61 (Mississippi) .21:50.22:21,71.23:10,67 (Mississippi) . 24: 9 (Mississippi) ,79,80. 21: 16 .26.: 58 , 63 .22: 16 , 73 . 21: 6 , 7 , 26 , 66 . 21: 7 , 71 . 30 : 24 , 30 , 67 .11: 10 , 77 .12.: 4 (Arkansas) . H: 70 . 14: 7 .11: 114 .16 :90 . 12: 66,67.11:86,94.11:43.40:54 and 55 (Arkansas) . 42: 10, 82 (Arkansas) ,91.44:21,22.46:65. 42:38. * Yellow-headed ^lackblrd-.Xanthocephalus xanthooephalus . 22:56 .11: 15 .38:61.46: 15. Red-winged Blackbird :/4g'e ZaZws phoeniceus. 2:5,6,14,18.3:8,11,15,27,43,49.4:6,16, 49 . 5 : 3 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 18 , 23 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 42 , 56,58,60,64.1:5,8,22,36,71.2:3,12,47, 53,101.103.8:8,17,21,63.9:8,14,15,45, 46,49,59,63,70.11:4,5,7,13,14,29,55, 58.11:8,22,26-28,31,54,64,90,106,112. 12: 8, 9, 19, 33, 37, 73.13.: 17, 20, 32, 33, 47, 54.14: 77 (A. p. fortis) ,78(A.p. arctolegus , and A.p . phoeniceus) .12:9 ,12,27,28,57, 67,70,77.11:34,47,60,62,63.12:7,12,19, 24,65,69.18:12,27,56,57.19:7,11,22,51, 62{A.p.fortis) ,68,69.21:30,36,63,64.21: 13,14,28,46,66,76.22:9-11,14,16,17,18, 19,26,65,67,21:4,5,11,14.17-22,26,29, 40,46,58,59,68,70,71,72.24:5,13,16,17, 30,31,32,33,39,79,80,81.24:17,18,19,27, 32,74,75,78.21:31,58,59,63.22:8,17,19, 35, 54, 69, 73. 28; 12, 14, 25, 31, 32, 62. 66. 22: 10,26,33,54,57,67,71.30:11,16,17,24,34, 59,60,62,67.21:13,17,18,33,39,59,77.12: 33,44,67,71.21:10,15,18,31,64,70,72.24: 8,11,20,22,33,66,76,78,79.85,89.11:15, 17,39,41,43.48,55,64.26:7,9,10.12,43, 64.74,90,92,97,98.37:8,9,10,12,23,31, 38,52,62,66,71,84.28 : 2, 9, 10, 13, 22, 25, 27,35,45,53,54,61,89.39 : 4, 5, 8, 15, 18. 22, 23,33,35,78,85.411:15,37,47,54,83.41:9, 38 , 56 , 59 , 63 , 64 . 42 : 5 , 10 , 25 , 26 , 39 , 76 , 78 , 79,80,85.43:7,13,43,47,88.44:5,6,12,47, 85.41:3,6,8,13,30,44,99,103.46:9,12,35, 58.47:3.4,37,83,84,85,92. Orchard Oriole :IeZerus spurius . 2:6,14.2: 15.4:16.5:4,19,56.6:5,33,35,68,70,83.7; 3,7,33.35,46,49.2:27.9:46,47.10:4,55. 11:49,59,64,113.12:33,37.14:11,29,39, 53. 11: 27, 30, 32, 57. 16: 11. 34. 17.: 24, 28. 12: 27 .11:7 , 22 , 52 .22: 30 , 36 .21 :9 ,28 ,66 .22 : 19,26,27,28,46.21:6,29.24:39,54,55.25: 32.22:31,50.21:8,35.28:25.29:26,33.30: 24,36.11:33,39.32:33.39.23:31,47.34:23, 33.21:36,38,39,42,43,48,62.36:64,66,67, 68,69,74,92,100.21:21,23,24,26,27,38, 48,49,50,51,54,61.21:13,35.47,49,52,54, 56.67.11:4,5,33,35,43,46,85.91,95,96. 40:37,45,47,50,91,93.41:38,44,56,70,86. 42.: 15, 39, 45, 76, 79, 95. 41: 25, 47, 51, 77, 102.44:19,20,43.47,85,103.45:3,6,7,8, 44,72.46:19,23,36,58,78.41:4,22,83,85, 92. 26 Northern Oriole ; Jcterws galhula. 2.:6,1A. 1:15,27,44.4:16.5:4,18,56.^:5,35.7:7, 46,49.8:2,27.11:4,29,30,66.11:49,54, 64,113.12:33,37.14:11,53.11:27,30,57. 16:34.17:24,28,48.11:27.19:22,52.20:11, 30,36.21 :9 ,28,66.^:26,46.23 : 29. 24:39 , 56,59.25:32,55.26:31.27:8,35,52,59,68, 71,73.28:25,26,32,43.29:6,26,33,57.11: 24,30.11:33,43.32 :33,44,46.11: 7,8,31, 47,49,50,59.34:12,23,33,54,66,76,85, 89.15:17,31,36,38,40,42,43,48,53,62,63, 64,66.36:10,12,64,66,67,74,81,91,94,96. 17:7,21,23,24,26,31,38,47,50,62,66,69 , 81,84.38:13,35,49,52,54,56.66,94,96, 103.11:5,9,19,20,22,26,33,46,48,50,64, 66,67,89,95,96.40:18,19,20,26,37,47,50, 91,93.41:38,44,56,70,71,75,86.42:39,45, 76,79.41:22,27,47,75,77,102.41:6,31,47, 84.45:30,44,58,72,78.46:36,44,58,69,90. 42:4,19,22,37,39,46,92,99,102. Rusty Blackbird : fi’wp^ag'MS carolinus. 2:14. 1:8,10,43.4:6,49 .5:9,26.6:5,8,13.7:12, 38.8:14,40,63.9:8,15,16,59,63,98.10:4, 5,7,11,13,33,74.11:22,23,26,28,60,61. 12:8,73.11:20.54,62,67.14:13,74,75,79. 15:8.9,12,67,68,70,71,77.11:47,60,62, 63.17:12,65.18:56,57,59.19:8,63,68.20: 63.21:46,66.22:14,16,18,67.23:11,12,14, 59,70,72.24:5,16,17,30,32,34,35,39.79, 80.^:19,32, 79.21:26,31.59,63.11:8,17, 18,20,35,73,77.28:14,31,62,66.29:26,33, 71.30:11.24,67.31:33,64,77.32:8,33,71. 33:13,15,18,31,63,70,72.14:8,33,74,78, 79,81,85.35:17,18,38,41.43,48,55,106, 114.31:7.8,10,11,43,64,66,67,74,86,90, 96,100.37:8,12,23,26,27,31,38,52,66,70, 81,86.38:2,9,10.22,35,52.54,56,89,96, 103.11:33,44,46,48,66,78,89,91,95.^: 15,20,24,50.52,54,83,93.41:9,23,44,86, 89.42:10,19,39,45.43:13,16,25,47,54,55. 44: 10, 12. -23, 26, 27, 47, 51, 53, 54, 100. 45: 13,24,26,44,76,78.41:9,12,46,48,58,69, 70,71.47:22,37,50,78,80,92,93. Brewer's Blackbird : ayanooephalus . 1:73.7:26,38.11:77,80.15:16,67,68.11: 58.60.21:66.22:12,13,18,67.23:4,10,70, 72. 27 : 16, 20, 70, 73, 76, 77. M: 6. 7, 26, 63, 66.29:7,67,71.30:16,67.31:10,72,77.31: 5,44,71.33:12,64,70.14:7.35:43,55,108, 114.31:7,90.37:10,12,52,66,86.11:14. ^:44,50,54,55.83.^:5,9,20,24,38.42 : 10.43:7,13,23,28.44:10,12,26.27,54.45: 13,78,80.41:9,44,48.47:37,48. Common Crackle iQuisaalus quisouZa. 1:15. 2:4,6,14,15,27.3:8,10,15,27,31,32,43. 4:6,12,14,17.49.5:4,9,11,13,14,19,23, 24,26,27,29,32,42,44,56,59,64,65.1:5, 10,13,35,50,62,73,83,93.7:2,12,19,35, 47,49,57,71,101,103.8:8,17,18,27,29, 36,60,63,68,79 .9:8.14,17,18,24,25,29, 32,46-48,51,54,59-61.65,69,70,74,75, 90.92.10:4,5,7,8,18,27.29,58,60,62.67, 75,81.11:8,22-26,27,30,31,54,61,64,78, 98,104,105,106,115,116,117.12:8,9,17, 18,19,33,35,47,72,74.13:17,20,23,25, 30,32,33,44,54,55,61,62,67,69,71,76.14: 7,13,14,15,18,26,53,73,74,75,78.15:9, 12,13,16,27,28,29,57,66,67,68,69,70,71, 78.16:34.43,45,60,62,63,64.17:11,12,24, 48,63,65.69.18:10,12,27,56,57,58.11:11, 22.52,68,69 . 20 : 30 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 63 , 64 , 65 . n : 14.15,28,30,46,67,76.22:10,14,16,17,18, 26,65,67.23:5,11,14,17-22,29,40,59,63, 70,72.24:5,10,13,16,17,30,31-32,33,39, 57 , 79 , 80 , 81 . 25.: 17 , 18 , 32 , 74 , 79 . 2^ : 16 , 31 , 58. 59. 63. 27 : 8, 35, 69, 73, 76, 78. M: 12, 19, 25,31,32,43.62,66.21:10,26,33,54,56,57, 67,71.30:5,7,8,11,16,17,24,29,34,38,60, 61,67.31:14,17,18,33,39,49,59,77.52:6, 8,9,33,66,71.33:10,13,14,15,18,19,31. 64. 70. M: 8, 12, 33, 53, 72, 73, 78, 79 ,81,85. 15.: 14, 15, 19. 41, 48. 55, 65, 105, 108, 114. 36: 7.9,10.11,12,43,74,90.92,98.11:6,8,9, 10.12,23,24,38.52,66,71,81,84.38:2,13, 21,22,35,49,54,89,96.51:4,5,7,8,14,22, 33.35,44,50,78,85.^:8.9 ,20,37,47,54, 83.41:9 ,23,38,56,57.42:10,39.76,79.43: 7,13,47.44:12,23,47,82.45:3,6.7,8,13, 44,71.46 : 6, 9 ,36,58,84.42:3.4,37.83,84, 85.92. Brown-headed Cowhir d ■. Molothrus ater. 1:5. 2:4,6,14,27.3:8,15,30,38,43.4:6.14.17, 22,49.5:9,13,14,19,26,27,29,32,44.56, 64.6:8,11,48,61,72.7:12,32.72,101.8:8, 38,60,63.9:8,17,32,48,59,62,73,90,92. 11:4,5,7.11:8,22,26,28.54,64,73,98,106. 111.12:8,18,33.13:17,20,33,37,54,55.62, 63,67,76.14:13,39.42,48,53,54,56,57,74, 79.15:9 ,12.17,2 3,27,32,5 7,64,70,78.16 : 15,34.43,46.47,60,62,63.12:12,24.58,65. 18:27,56,57.19:22,52,68.20:36,45,63,65. 21:28,46,51,67,76.22:14,16,18,26,67.21: 4,6,11,29,40,59,68,70,72.24:13,14.31,32, 33,39,57,79,80.21:17,19,32,74,79.26:31, 58,59,63.27:35,40,41,51,69,73,76.28:25, 27. 31, 62, 63, 66. 29.: 26, 33. 54, 67, 71. 30: 24. 34,60,67.31:33,39,46,48,59,70,77.32:8, 33,66,67, 71.13: 13, 18, 31, 64, 70,72. 34:8, 33,45,78,85.35:15,19,41,48.55,65.68,69, 114.36:7,9.12,43,74.90,92,98.37:8,9,10, 12,26,38,47,52.66,76,77.78,84.38:2,9,13, 21.35,49,53,54,89.39:5,14,24,33,35,78, 84,85.41:20,37,47,54,80,83.41:9.38,44, 56,70.^:10,39,76,7 7,79.41:7,13,47.44: 12,14,16,47,78,81,85.45:3,6,7,13,44,86. 46:9,58.47:3.4.37,83,85,92. Western Tauager : Pirang a ludoviciana. 40:65. 41:86. Scarlet Tanager -.Piranga olivacea. 2:11.3: 15.4:17,20.5:19,23,56.6:5.7:7,36,46,49, 101.8:27.9:45,53.10:4,36.11:49,54,59,73, 74.12:33,34.13:41,43.14:51,55.15:27,30. 32,64.16:34.17:6,24,47,58,67.18:27.19:5, 22,52.20 : 29, 30, 36,45. n: 28, 51, 67. 22: 26, 46,60,62.21:29,54.24:39,55,58,59.25:27, 32,65,68.^:31,39,47,53-57.27:8,10,30, 35,48,49.28:25,27,44,56,57.29:26.33.30: 15,24.31 : 33, 39, 47, 59, 64. 12: 33,42. ai: 8, 27,31.14:33,34,52,56. 35 : 36, 38, 39, 42, 43, 48,62,96,102.36:62,64,66,67,74,81,82.92, 93,96,98,100.12:21,23,25,26,28,31,38,62, 81,82,84,86.18:13,35,47,49,52.54,65,94, 96,99.19:26,33,35,43,44,46,48,64,67,89, 91,95.41:26,33,37.45,47,50,52,66,69,80, 91.41:38,44,86.42:16,39,45,55,76,78,79, 93.43:3,47,51.79.44:4.6,8,47.45:3,6,7, 41,44,58.101.46:19,23,58,71.42:6,9,22, 75.83.85.92. Summer Tanager : Pi rang a rubra. 2:11,14.1:15, 27.4:17.37.5:4,18,42,56.6:5,68,70.7:7, 33,36,44,46,49,69.8:27,48.9:4,18,31,45, 46,48,71.10:4.55.11:59,64,65,73.12:33, 46.11:33,44,48.14:11.53.55.15:26,30.32, 57.16:1,34.17:24.11:27.19 : 4, 7, 11, 22, 52. 20:30,36,45.21:28,67.22:17,26,47,60,63. 23:5,29.24:39.25:27.32,54,56,65,68.26: 31,50.27:8,10,35,52.28:25,26.27.56,57. 29:26,33.10:15,24.31:33,39,51,59,64.12: 33,54.33:7,31.14:23,34,56.15:36,39,42, 48,96,102,105.36:64,66,74,82,92.96,100. 17:21,23,25,26,31,38,47,61.62,81,82,84, 86.11:13,35.49,52,54,56,96.99.19:5,33, 35,46,48,91,95.^:26,33,37,45.47,50,69, 80,91.41:5,9,12.38,44,56.86.42:15,16,39. 45,76,78,79.43:47,51,70,77.^:8,47,80, 85 . 45 : 3 , 6 , 7 , 40 , 44 . 4i_: 19 , 36 , 44 , 58 . 47 : 4 , 9 , 19.22.83.85.92. Cardinal : Cardinalis aardinaZis . 1:15.2.:4,6, 14,15,26,27,29,30.1:8,9,12,16,27.38,43. 44,49.4:2,3,4,6.17,21,24.28,37,49,50.5: 4,9,14,18,19,23,28,29,42,45.46,57,60,65. 6:1,2,8,10,11,13,36,62.68,81,84,93.7:4, 14,18,22,33,47,71,102.8:3,8,20,27,36,51, 62,67,85.9 : 4, 8, 14, 16-18, 24, 29 ,33,45-50, 54,70,90-92.11:4,5,7,29,33,34,55,62,66, 81.11:6,22,23,27,59,61,65,73,75,78,90, 96,112.12:1-4,8,9,17,33,45,78.13:17.20, 24,27,33,37,48,55,62,75,76.14:1,2,3,5,7, 11,14,21,38,40,45,46,48.53,74.15:8,9,12, 13,16,17,20,26,28,32,57,70,78.11:5,34, 46,58,60,64.17:10.11,12,24,26,48,65,69. 11:10,20,27,28,40,48,56,57,61.19:4,7,8, 27 11. 22. 52. 68. 22. : 19, 29, 30. 36, 63. 21: 14, 28, 67,76.22:15,16,26,28,46,67,70.23:5,8, 29,52,59,70.24:13,14,39,43,59,79,83.25: 17. 32. 52. 54.79.22. : 16, 31, 50, 63, 64. 21: 8, 35.51,73.28:12,25,26,27,43,66.21:8,29, 33,54,58,71.30:7,8,10,13,16.18,24,25, 29,34,41,58,67.31:13,14,16,18,33,36,46, 47,59,70,77,78.32:9,10,14.33,43,67,71, 72,73.33:6.10,14,18,19,31,54,70,71,72. 34:23,33,73,81,85,90.35:48,101,114.12.: 11,43,56,57,74,86,90,91,92,97.11:5,38, 42 , 46 , 66 , 71 . 18 : 2 , 9 , 13 , 35 , 68 , 89 . 11: 4, 5 , 8,33,35,50,78,82,85.40:2,3,4,5,16,37. 41 : 9 , 38 , 56 . ^: 10 , 39 , 76 , 77 , 79 , 80 . 41: 3 , 13 , 20 , 47 . M: 12 , 14 , 30 , 47 , 58 , 76 , 78 , 79 , 85 . 45:3,6,7,8,13,30,31,44,61,73.46:9 ,14, 36.58.84. ^:3,4,37,43,83,84,85,92. Rose-breasted Grosbeak : P/zewet-tcws ludovioi- anus. 1:11.2:14.1:16.4:17.5:57.6:5.1:6, 36,46,60,86.8:76.9:43,45.10:4,34.12:48, 71,78.14:56.15:30,64.16:26,34.17:6,24. 26,58.18:27.19:22.52.20:13,28,36.21:28, 67.22:26,60,62.21:7,25,29,53.24:39,55, 58,59,60.25:16,32,54,68.26:31,39,51.22: 8,9,10,35,49,52,54.21:12,13,25,32,43, 44,45.54.55.56,57.21:6,26,33,56,57.1(1: 15,24,37,41,42.11:10,33,39.55,59,63,64. 32 : 33 , 42 . 11: 6 , 8 , 13 , 31 , 47 , 51 , 59 . lA: 33 , 34,50,51,52,66,75.15:36,38,39,42,48,52, 62,63,96,101,104,105.16 : 57, 64, 66, 67, 69, 74,80,81.82,86,90,92,93,94,96,100.12: 21,22,23,25,26,31,33,38,46,55,62,66,67, 32,83,84,86.18:12,18,19,35,49,53,54,56, 94,96,99,100,101.11:19,22,33.35,44,46, 65, 66, 68, 89, 91, 95. AO: 26, 33, 37, 47, 50, 52, 59,60,69,80,91.41:19,38,44,70,86.42:10, 11,16,19,39,43,45,55,61,62,76,93.41:3, 13,15,25,47,51,100.44:4,6,13,23,47,85, 99, 103. A5: 1,3, 4, 6, 22, 30, 44, 58, 102, 103, 104.46:19,23,44,50,58,65,66,67,71,87, 89, 90. AZ:9, 22, 24, 38, 47, 48, 75, 92, 100. * Black-headed Grosheak-.Pheuatiaus melano- oephalus. 40 : 59. 41: 21. 45: 24,72. A6: 44, 57.84. Blue Grosbeak -.Guivaoa aaerulea. 2_:14.1:53. 8:36.16:24,25,26,30,43.11:26,68.19:21, 22,53.20:36.21:24,28,52,54,67.22:33,44, 46, 47. 23: 53, 67. 2A: 39, 53, 55, 75. 21: 26, 27, 32,54,55.26:31,33,41-42,45,50,51.27:8, 35 , 51 , 52 , STT. 68 . 28 : 25 , 26 , 44 . 29 : 26 , 33 , 53 . M: 24, 25, 36, 38. 31: 33, 44. 12: 33, 42. 45, 46. 33:31,47,48,50,52,72.73.31:33.50,51.63, 72,74.35:21,39,40,42,43,48,62,64,66.67, 68,105.36:62,64,68,69,74,96.37:21,23, 38,54,86.11:35,47,49,52,54,65,66,68,94, 99. 12.: 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 15, 33, 35, 43, 44, 46, 64, 65,66,68,89,91,95.40:37,47,50,68,69,70, 91, 93.11:38,44,56, 57, 70. 86. 42: 10. 11, 39, 45,76,79,95.43:43,47,51,55,80,89,102. 11:47,54,85,87,88,103.11:1,3.6,7,8,41. 44,80,86,104.46:23,58,66,67,69,70,91. 47:4,24,75,80,83,85,92,103. Indigo Bunting: Pass erina oyanea. 2:11,14. 3:16,27.4:17,37,41,42.5:4,11,19,23,24, 57,59,60.6:5,68,70,72,73,78.7:1,6,33, 36,46,49,53,86,103.8:27,29,51.9:4,25,31, 45-48,51,69,70.10:4,50,55.11:54,59,63, 73.12:33,35,60,74.11:33,44,48,76.11:8, 11,53.55.11:30,57.16:26,30,34.17:6,11, 24,27,48.18:27.11:4,7,22,53.20:28,30,36. 21:28,51,67.22:23,26,31,60,62.23:5,29, 67.24:39,54.21:32,54,68.21:31,53-57.21: 8,10,35,67.28:25,27,55,56.21:26,33,55, 58 . 10 : 15 , 24, 41 , 58 . 31 : 33 , 39 , 43 , 59 , 64 , 70 . 12.: 10 , 13 , 14 , 33 , 42 . 31: 8 , 18 , 31 , 52 , 59 . 72 . 11: 15 , 23 , 33 , 34 , 39 , 56 , 66 . 11 : 36 , 39 , 42 , 43 , 48,53,68,96,105.11:57,62,64,66,74,80, 81,82,92,96,98,100.11:21,23,25,26,27,31, 38,46,47,61,62,71,72,81,82,83,84,86.38: 13,35,43,49,52,54,56,94,96,99,100,101. 39 : 4, 5, 8, 26, 33, 35, 44, 46, 48, 50, 85, 91, 95. 11:26,37,47,50,80,91.41:23,38,44,56,70. 12:16,19,39,45.76,77,78,79.13:3,25,43, 47,51,77.41:4,6,47,53,85,101,103.11:3, 6,7,22,30,31,44,58.46:6,9,36,58,71.12:3, 4,9,17,22,47,48,78,83,84,85,92. * Painted Bunting : Passerine ciris. 1:17,36,41. 5:26,59.6:53.9:63.10:31.12:33,34,36,60. 13:43.14:37.15:33.16:45.17:11,24.18:27. 12:22.20:36.21:28,51.22:26.23:29.24:39. 21:32.21:31.30:24.11:33.41:56,57.43:75. 11: 44. 46: 58, 66, 87. 12: 4, 5, 75, 92 (The bird listed under the Natchez Trace column should be deleted), 99. Dickcissel :Spisa ameviaana. 2:11.14,18,24.3: 16,37.1:11,17.1:59.6:35.7:6,49.8:37,60.9 : 31.10:60.12:33,34,37.13:34,44.14:29,30, 37.11:23,32,33.16:24,26,43.12:19,24.18: 25,27,28.11:23.211:19,31,36,46,52,53.21:9, 28,31,52,53.22:23,26,47,48.23:29,48,53, 54.24:34,39,54,58,59.21:32,68.26:26,32, 45,46.22:8,10,15,17,35.28:11,25,44,46,56. 29:7,26,28,33,34.30:24,30.11:11,33,64,70, 79.32:10,33,42.31:12,31,59,61.11:33,49. 11:31,36,48,55,67,69,102.16:8,74,75,94, 96.12:21,31,38,62,83.18:19,35,49,52,54, 65,66,68,96.19 : 5, 19, 20, 22, 33, 35, 46, 64, 66, 89.41:20,26,37,69,80,91.41:5,21,34,38,44, 46,56,70,71.42:20,39,43,45,70,72,76,79, 95.41:3,10,13,16,17,25,27,47,54,77,79,89, 98.41:6,9,12,13,23,47,80,85,87,103.11:3, 6,22,30,44,64,102.16:9,11,36,58,66,71,89 , 90.42:4,45,78,83,92,102. Evening Grosbeak :Pesperip^ona vespertina. 11:53-55,60,64,67.12:1-4,25,26,70.18:45.. 21:31.21:67.22:68,69,71.23:12,31.25:7-9, 73,75,79.26:12-15,25,26,32,55,60,63.22: 8,18,70.28:32.29:8,9,10,26,56.30:11.67. 31:13,15,16,18.33,45,48,53.12:6,8,9,10, 71.33:13,15,16,17,18,19,31,34,35,46,48, 50,70.11:9,11,13,16,39 ,50,74,76,78,80,85, 89,90,93.35:15,16,17,18,20,39,40,43,44, 48.11:12,86,90,91,94,96,100.12:6,7,8.9, 10.21,23,25,26,38.42,57,58.38:18,89.39: 22,75,78.79,82.1(1:18,19.20.23,24,37,44, 45 , 47 , 50 . 52 , 69 , 70 . 11 : 9 , 19 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 35 , 38,44,46,47,70.42:10,20,43,48,54,92,93. 11:13,15,16,18,23,25,26,28,47,51,54,71. 11:12,14,15,21,22,23,24,26,27,47,49,50, 51,53,54,80,83,86,87,88,98,100.45:13,14, 22,24,26,44,73,80,104.46:9,14,45,46,48, 58,64,67,69.70,71.47:17,19,20,22,37,40, 43.45.48.50.72.75.76.78.80.92.101.102, 103. Purple Finch : CarpodacMS purpureus. 2:4,19. 1:8,43,48.1:6,29 ,39.5:9.6:5,8.7:12,19 , 99,101.8:8,18,36.9:8,16.10:4,5,7,9,14, 76.11:22,23,26-29,61.12:8,9,37.13:17,20, 62,64.11:12,15,74,78,79.15:12,30,70,71. 11: 39, 60. 11:3,65, 69. 18: 27, 56. 19: 8, 23, 53, 68.20:30,36,63.21:13.14,24,28,67,76.22: 26,63,68.21:9.13,29,70.21:16,34,39,79. 21:17,18,32,79.26:32.63.27:8,18,52,70, 73.21:8,11,13,21,25,66.29:8,9,10,26.33, 71.30:10,11,14,16,24,41,67.11:12,13,14, 15,16,17,18,33,36,37,73,77,78.32:6,8.9, 10,33,52,71.11:13,14,15,16,17,18,31,56, 70.31:10,11.13,33,39.63,72,73,76,78,80. 85,88,93.15:15,16,17,18,20,39.41,43,48, 102,106,110,114.36:8.9.10,11,12,43,64, 66,67,74,86,90,91,92,94,96,99,100.12:6. 7,8,9,10,21,23,25,26,38,57,58,59,66,80, 81,82,83,86.11:10,18,20,23,35,46,49,52, 53,54.56,89.96,97,99,101.39:19,20,21,23, 24,33,46,48,75,78,88,91,95.40:18,19,21, 23,37,44,47,50,91,93.41:9,18,21,23,38, 44,79.89.42:10,15,21,39,47,54,93,95.11: 13.18.23.25.26.28.47.51.71.87.97.99.102. 41:12,21,23.24,26.27,47,49,53,54,103, 104.45:13,22,24.44.73,74,76,80,96,97.46: 14 , 23 , 24 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 58 . 69 . 70 , 84 . 47: 15 , 17 , 19,20,22,37,43,48,50,78,92. * House Finch : Carpodaews mexicanus. 43:87.44: 26,53.45:24,96.11:71.47:15,48,78. * Common Redpoll : Pardue Zis flammea. 5:14.21: 79.17:11.31:78,82.41:3. Pine Siskin: Pardaeiis pinus . 2:101.8:69.9: 6,8,42,45,93.12:7,8.10.13:20,23,55,62, 63.11:74,75.15:16,30,32,33,70.16:39.60. 17:63,65.18:36.56.19:53,68,70.^:33,36, 63.21:13,24,28,67,76.22:14,16,17,18.26, 68.23:11,13.67,68,70.21:14,15,17,18,34, 28 35,39.75,79,83.25:17,18,32,52,54.73,75, 79.26:12,25,32,63.^:8,18.19.30,35,68, 70. M.: 11, 13, 62, 66.29:7, 8. 10, 26, 33, 72. 11, 67. 31: 10, 33, 71, 78. 32: 4, 6. 8, 10, 33, 65,71.33:12,13,17.18,31,47,56,65,70.34: 9,13,33,39.63,71,73,74,76,78,80,85,87, 88,89,93. 35 : 14, 15. 16, 17, 18, 20, 25-30, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41,44,48,114.36.: 8, 66, 69, 86, 90,91,92,93,94,96,97,100.37:6.8,9,10, 11,21,23,26,40,56,57,58,66,80,86.38:20, 46,49,52,89,101.39:22,24,31,33,34,42, 43,46,48,75,78.82,88,95,96.^:18.19,20, 23.24,33,37,44,47,50.52,70,80,89,91.^: 9,21.23,24,38,44,47,68,70.71,72,79.42: 10, 20, 39. 43, 45, 48. 54, 55, 95. «: 7, 10, 13, 18.25.26.28.47.52.97.98.99.101.102.104. M: 12, 16, 21, 23, 24. 26. 27, 47. 49. 51, 53, 54, 83 . 85 . 88 . 100 . 103 . 104 . « : 13 , 22 . 24 , 26 , 44 , 76,78,80,100,104.46:9,10,14,45,47,48, 58,64,69,70,86,91.41:17,20,22,24,37,39, 48.78.87.92.100.103. American Goldfinch: CardueZis tristis. i:12, 15.2:4,12,14,26,29.3:8,16,43,44.4:6,17, 26,29.5:9,19,23,57.6:8,72.1:1,12,35,53, 65,86,99,101.8:8,27.9:4,8,16,17,21,26, 31,45,48-50,52,69,92.10:4,5,7,14,55.11: 22,23,34,49,59,61.63,68,112.12:8,9,33, 45. 13 : 17, 20, 40, 48, 55, 62, 75, 76. lA: 8, 11, 58,74.15:26,28,32,64,70,74,78.16:34,43, 60.12:3,6,24,28,58,63,65,69.18:27,56,57. 13:7,8,23,53,65,68.20:28,30,36,63.21:28, 67, 77, 80. 22: 14, 17, 26, 28. 65, 68. 23.: 5, 11, 29,59,70.24:13,39,59,60,79,83.25:16,33, 79.23:16,32,38,63.22:8,17,35,73.28:12, 13,20,25,42,66.^:26,33,54,62,72.30:15, 18.24,58,67.31:39,59,70,77,78.32:10,33, 41,61,71.31:18,31,70,72.34:11.33,74,85, 88.33:37,39,48,66,114,115.36:11,37,43, 57,74,86,90,92.93,97.37:21.38,46.66.38: 2,9,13,35.89.92.39:5,33,35,78.43:6,21, 33.37,47.91.41:9,23,38,79.42:10,39,76, 78,79.43:13,47.44:12.47.101.43:3,6,7.13, 44.46:9,14,37,58.42:4,37,43,83,85,87,92. Red Crossbill : Loxia curvirostra. 2:57,58.8: 69 . 2.: 1 , 4 , 6 . 8 . 42 , 45 . 11 : 117 . L2 : 10 , 29 . 13 : 20.16:39,60.18:56.19:53,63.21:77.22:68. 23:70, 75.24:79 .23:79.26:19-20,39,63.22: 14. 18, 68, 70. 23: 44, 62.21: 26. .31: 17, 27, 31, 56 , 70 . 34: 13 , 39 , 74 . 75 , 80 , 85 , 89 , 91 , 9 3 . 33: 16,18,20,25-30,37.41,44,48,106,114.36: 69.86,90,92,96,100.37:10,25,26,57.58,66. 38:89,101.31:23,48,75,78,83.40:23.24,70, 93.41:9,13,23,46.47,71,72,79.42:55,72, 95.43:7,13,27.28,55,73.80,95,99,100.44: 12.16.23.24.26.27.28.51.53.85.87.88.103, 104.43:13,22,24,26,44,69,70,76,78.46:9, 48,91.47:37,48,50,78,92,102,103. * XThite-winged Crossbill : ioxia leucoptera. 25:74,79.34:74,85,89,90,91,93.35:17,18, 20'. 25- 30, 44.36:86,92.37:10,26,38,40,56, 57,58.41:9,47,72.44:41.41:48. * Green-tailed Towhee :Pipi 7o ohlorura. 23.: 76. 27:69.28:15. Rufous-sided Towhee : Pipi 7o erythrophthalmus. There are four references to the "Spotted Towhee". Only one of these was based on a specimen, and it was identified as sub- species P.e.artious. I have used the obso- lete species name /'maoulatus'' , to refer to the other three sight records. Presumably most of the xmannotated references are to P.e.erythrophthalmus, the form which breeds over most of the State. 1: 15 . 2.: 4, 6 , 14 , 15 , 26,30:rr?,16,27,43, 44. 4 : 2, 6, 9 (P. e . alleni) , 17,24,29,37.5:4,9,18,23,29,39,57,59.6:8, 73.1:1,4,10,12,33,36,72,86.8:8,27.51.9:4, 8,12,16,24,25,28,45,47,48,54,64,92,96.10: 5, 8, 46 (P.e. canaster) ,56,67,81.11:22,23,26, 27, 31, 48. 54, 59. 61, 63, 73, 77, 90, 112. 12.: 8. 9, 17, 18, 33, 35, 36, 37. 45, 51-57 (P.e. canaster, and P. e . erythrophthalmus) .58.59.61.13:17. 20 , 24 , 27 , 34 (P. e . aanas ter) ,36,40,41,43,44, 48,62,75,76.14:2,3,5,8.11,46,74.13:8.9, 12 , 17 . 26 , 27 , 28 , 65 (P. e . aanas ter) ,69,70,78. 14:4,5,14,34,40,41,43,60.11:6,10,24,46,47, 58(P.e. canaster), 65, 67, 69. 11:27, 36 and 37 iP. e . canaster and P.e.erythrophthalmus) , 56, 57. 1£: 5, 7, 8, 23, 54, 68.^:28,30, 36, 53, 63. n: 12, 28. 43, 67. 77. 22: 15, 17, 26, 31, 44, 47. 68. 21: 5, 9. 29. 59. 24: 13, 39, 42 (P.e. "maoulatus") , 43,55,59, 75 (P. e . articus) ,79,83.21:33,79. 21: 16, 32. 38, 50, 63.21:8.16 (P.e. "maoulatus") , 17.35,73.21:25,27,66.21:26,33,54,72.21:10. 16,18,24,41,67.21:33.36,39,46,59,77,78.12: 31,67.71.21:31.70.24:11,33,85,90.25:48,62. 114.36 : 11, 12, 43. 57, 62, 74, 90, 92, 93, 97. 27:9. 25,38,47,66,84.21:9 ,13,22,35,54,89.21:5,7. 8,33,35,78,85.41:18,33,37.41:9,38,57.42: 10.39,65,76.78,79.42:3,13.20,47,78.44:12, 25,27,47.84,85,87.41:3,6,7,8,13,30,44.46: 9, 14. 37, 58, 66, 84. 47: 4, 37, 38 (P.e. "maoulatus") , 45,83,85,92. * Lark Bunting : Catamospisa melanocorys. 37 : 41 . Savannah Sparrow :PassercMZ-MS sandwichensis . 1:15.2:4,19 .1:8,16,27,43.4:6,17,29.5:9 ,11, 24,27.6:8.33.7:12.8:8,36.9:8,12,15.10:4,5, 1 ,'i2 ,h6{P . s . savanna and P . s . oblitus) ,15 . 11:12 ,13 ,21 ,31(,P . s . oblitus) .12:8,9,69.12: 17 , 20 , 62 , 70 , 76 . 14 : 5 , 29 . 56 . 66 , 74 . 11: 14 , 30 , 33,70,71,76,78.11:34,47,58,60.11:24,64,69. 11:27,37 and 38(P . s . savanna^ P . s . labradorius , P.s .nevadensis and P . s . oblitus) .56.62.19 : 23,28,54,68.21:11,37,63.21:28.52,67,77.22: 18,19,26.68.23:10.14.29,58,59,70.24:13,17, 39,79.25:19,27,33,64,68,79.26:16,26.32,63. 21:8,17,19,35,50,73.21:25,56.66.29:10,26, 33,54,72.30:24,34,67.31:16,33,64,70,77.32: 10,33,43.71.31:8,10,31,70.34:15,28,33,66, 80,85,90.15:20,42,44,48,96,105,114.36:7, 10,12,21,43,64,66.67,74,81,82,90,92,96, 100.11:21,25,26,31,38,40,66,81,83,86.38:2, 20,35,47,52,54,56,89.99,103.39:21,33,35, 41,46,48,66,78,95.40:26,37,45,47,50,52,53, 55.41:9.13,23,38,44,86.42:10,39,45,63,91. 41:13,15,28,47.55.44:6,12,23,31,47,83,85, 87,103.45:13,26,29,30,44,58.46:9,24,50,58, 69,89.41:22,37,75,78,92. Grasshopper Sparravi -.Ammodramus savannarum. 2:11,18.3:16.4:17,38,51.1:4.23,26,57,59.7: 7, 49, 68. 8 : 27, 37, 57, 86. i: 28, 45, 48, 63. 10:4, 31.11:54,68.12:33,59.13:49,62,68.14:28-31. 37, 39. 11: 23, 30, 33. 16: 34. 11:19,24.18.: 27. 11: 23,54,68,71.20:19,30,37,52.21:9,28,44,52, 67.22:20.26,47,60.23:10,29.24:10,39.21:17, 27,33.26:32,58,59,63.21:8,10,14,19,35.28 , 13.25,55,56.29:26,33.30:24,38.31:33,63.64. 12 : 3 3 . 11 : 7 . 8 , 3 1 . 14 : 9 , 1 5 , 3 3 . 11 : 3 9 , 4 2 , 4 4 , 48 , 96,106.36:64,66,67,68,74,81,82,92,96.31. 25,26,31,38,40,62.38:35,36,49,52,54,56.11: 5 , 33 . 35 , 64 ,95 . 40.: 23 , 37 . 50 . 69 , 70 , 80 . 41 : 38 , 56,57,70,71.42:16,39,48,76,79,95.41:47,54, 77,80,89.44:47,54,85,87,100,103.45:3,6,7, 44.46:20,24,37,58,69,89,90,91.47:6,9,22, 75,78,80,83,92,100.101,102,103. * Henslow's Sparrov! -.Ammo dr amus henslowii. 2:69. 11: 23 . 14: 55 (Mississippi) .1^:28 iA.h .henslowii) . 2Q. :68(Mississippi and Tennessee) .23:48.27: 8.12:42.31:61,78,82.41:4,42.41:19. Le Conte's Sparxovi -.Ammospiza leaonteii. 2:19.1: 10,11.5:64.7:18.8:15.10:46.11:21,22,26, 103.12:8,14,15,69.11:20,62,68,70.14:13,65, 66,74,77.15:16,17,70,71.75,76.16:58.12:27, 63 , 65 . 18 : 56 . 19 : 68 . 20 : 63 . 22.: 68 , 71 . 21: 58 , 59 , 70,72,73,76.24:10,13.14.25:33,79.26:20,58, 63,64.22:74.28:7.63,66.29:8,26.67,72.11: 33.12:4.14:28,33,71,85.16:90.12:63,66.18: 68, 89. 11:75,78. 41: 9. 42: 7, 10, 11. 41: 10. 13, 71.44:9,12,30,78.45:13.46:6,9,71.42:37,38, 48. * Sharp-tailed Sparrow :^mmospi2a oaudaauta . 21: 82 (Virginia) . 24: 84 . 22: 13 (4 . c. ne tsoni) , 53, 74, 75. 21: 27, 51 (^.c.neZsoni) .11:64.15: 95.12:62.18 : 12, 93 (Mississippi) .42:21,70. 44:7.46:89. Vesper Sparrow :Pooecetes gramineus. 1:5.2:19. 1:16,27,31.4:17.5:11,23,27,57.6:5,8.2:7, 12.17,24,37,46.86.8:8.18.9:13,16,97.10:4. 8 , 11 , 12 , 46 . 11 : 21 . 22 , 24 , 27 , 103 . 12.: 8 . 19 . 11: 23.39,62,64.14:12,13,55,74.77.15:16,32,70, 78 . 16 : 14 , 34 , 47 , 60 . 12: 24 , 63 , 65 . 11: 46 . 19.: 23 , 29.54,63,68.21:28,37,63.21:28,51,54,67,77. 22.: 15. 26, 49, 68. 21: 10, 14, 29, 70, 73. 24: 39, 79, 82.25:33,34,76.79.26:16,26,32.22:8,35,73. 28 : 6 , 12 , 25 . 46 , 63 . 64, 66 . 29 : 7 , 27 , 33 , 54 , 57 , 29 69,72.^0.: 15, 24. 34, 62. 67. 31: 33, 64, 70, 71, 77, 78. 12: 9. 10, 33, 71. 12: 10, 31, 50, 70. M: 33.73.80,85.11:39,42,44,48,54,105,114. 16:8,10,21,43,64,66,67.68.69,74.90.97. 100.11:8,21.23,26,27,31,38.40,55,56,66, 81,83,86.18:2,20,35,49,53,55,56,68,89, 99,103.19:21.33,43,46,78,89,91,95.40: 23,37,47,50,52,70.91.41:5,9,21,38,44, 47', 86 . 42 : 10 . 21 , 39 , 45 , 47 , 63 , 84 , 95 . 41 : 13 , 23,27,47,54,55,80.4^:12,22,23,26.47,54, 87,103.41:10,13,24.29,30,44.46,58.76, 80,104.46:6,9,10,23,58,70,71,91.41:37, 48,80,92,103. Lark Sparr iChondestes grammaous. 2.: 18, 19.1:37.4:17,22.5:26.6:36,72.7:3,18.46. 1:37.11:34.11:48.12:5,59.14:39,63.11: 23,29.11:44.11:19,20.18:9.21:51.22:46, 48.21:54.24:55,75.21:17.33.26:45,46,47, 48,58,60,63.21:50,55.28:9,25,26,30,41. 21: 27, 33. 31 : 46, 70. 13: 47. 14::9, 50, 51. 74, 85,87.15:17,36,48,49.72.11:74.37:22,38, 54.18:52,65.11:5.33,44.40:69.41:38,86. 42:20,32.39,45.41:13,16,25,47,52,54,77. 78.79,100.44:47,79.80,85.45:3,6.44,80, 86.98,101.46:37,58,66,89.47:19.75,76. Bachman's Sparxav.Aimophila aesiivalis . 2:6,14,17,24.1:16.4:17.5:4,31,57.7:7, 36,49,73.8:18.19,27,61,86.9:4.10:55.11: 59,63.12:33,34,36.11:33,37.14:29,39,51. 15:27.16:1,2.10.14.11:27,46.19:12,23, 54.20:31,37.21:28.32,53,54,67.21:26,49. 11:6,29,49,55.24:39,41.25:33,54,56.26: 32,50.22:8,35.28:25.29:27,33,57.11:24. 11:15,33.11:4,33.33:31,50.14:25,29,33. 15:39,48.36:64,67,74,75.11:23,38,40.11: 35,67.14:5,33,46.40:86,87.41:57,89.41: 52,102.44:78,85.45:3,78,101,102,103.41: 37,90.42:53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,83,84, 85,98,99. Dark-eyed 3\mco :Junco hyemalis. Those num- bers followed by an "A" refer to J.h. oreganus . I have not given any special notation to references to J .h. carolinensis ^ the form which breeds in Tennessee, since that would have involved too many anno- tations . 1:15.1:4,19,27,30.1:8,10,27, 43. 4: 6, 9 ,10,17,29.5:9,12, 57.6:5,8,90.7:4,10,12,58,86,89,91,92.1: 3,8.1:1,4,8,10,16,17,42,45,50,51,54,69, 71,90-92.10:4,5,7,11,47,81.11:22,23,28, 61,105.11:4,8,9,17,18.13:17,20,24,40, 41,44,55,61,62,63,71,75,76.14:3,5,8,37, 46,55,73,74.15:8,12,28,30,64,69,70,78. 16 : 5 , 34 , 58 , 60 . IZ.: 6 , 10 , 24 , 58 , 63 , 65 , 69 . 18 : 25, 27, 56, 57. 19: 8, 9, 23, 54, 68, 70. M: 13,28,30,37,60,63.11:14,24,27,44,67,77, 80.21:15,16,17,26,68,70.21:9,12,13,29, 59,68,70,74.24:39,79,83.21:18,33,79.26.: 16,32,39,63.27:8,17,35,71.28:19,25,32, 33, 56, 66. 22.: 9, 27, 33, 54, 61-65, 72. 30:9, 13, 15, 16, 24, 41, 42, 63, 67. 31: llA, 14, 19A, 33,37,70,73,77,78.31:33,71,72.33:10,27, 31 , 70 , 71 , 72 . 14: 10 , 11 , 15 , 16A , 34 , 39 , 66 , 76 , 78 , 85 , 88 , 89 . 11: 41 , 48 , 52A , 96 , 102 , 110 , 114A,115.1i:9,10A,llA,43,57,67,74,86,90, 91,92,94,96,97,99.11:21,23,25,31,38,47, 61,62,66,68,70,81,83,84.18:9,30,35,49, 52, 53, 55, 89, 92, 96, 9 7, 99, 100, 103. 12.: 33, 44,46,78,82,83,89,91,95.41:21,27,33,37, 47,50,70,80,91.41:4A,5A,9,21A,38,51,52, 53 , 70 , 79A , 80 , 86 . 42: 10 , 16 , 20 , 39 , 43 , 45 , 55 , 65, 93. 41: 10, 13, 18, 23, 25, 47, 97, lOOA. 44: 12, 14, 21, 23A, 27, 28A, 31, 47, 51, 53, 80, 100. 41:13,44,54A,55A,99.41:9,14,19,48A,58, 84.42:9,17,37,43,92. Tree Sparrow :5pi2e 7 ia arborea. 2:19.4:6,29, 49. 5 : 12. 6 : 5, 8. 7: 4, 12, 21, 47. 8: 19, 40, 76. i: 8,13,16.11:5,7,9,12,13,46.11:7,14,22,23, 26, 28. 12: 8, 9, 14, 15, 17. 11: 20, 62(the Great Smokies list was credited with 134 Tree Sparrows, but this number should have been for Field Sparrows) , 68 . U: 12 , 65 , 74 , 78 . 15 : 9,70,71.16:60.12:63,65.11:46,56.19:55,68. 20:63.21:77,80.22:18,65,68.22:70,72,73. 24:79,82.21:16,17,54,79.26:63.22:8,73.21: 32,66.21:16,41.21:10,12,15,29,33,37,38, 77.32:4,5,33,65,71.23:63,70.24:50,85.31: 14,108.114.36:8,10,90,92.22:6,66.28:89. 21:19.20,22,24,42,44.47,75.78.40:88,89. 93.41:4,9,10,23.45.42:10,35,36,39,43,44, 45,47.41:13,25,71.44:11,12,26,78.41:10. 13,20,22.41:9.44,71.42:37,46. Chipping Sparrow :S'pise Z 7a passerina. 1:5, 15.2:6,17,19,31.2:8,12,16,27,31.4:6,8, 17,23.1:4,10,19,23,24,39,46,57,60.6:5,8, 68,84.2:7,12,23,36,46,49,101,103.8:18, 42,52.9:8,10,14,45-50,69,71,97.11:4,5,7, 9,11,13,33,55,67.11:27,59,63,73,74,76, 103.12:7,8,9,33.13:23,33,37,41,48,62,68, 76.14:3,11,12,14,15,48.56.75.11:26,27. M: 14 , 34 , 47 , 60 . iZ: 6 , 24 , 48 . 1&: 27 , 40 , 56 . 12:4,7,23,55.21:29,30,37,63,64.21:13,24, 67.22:14,18,23,26,31,47.23:6,11,12,14. 29.24:14,16,17,39,79,80.25:18,33,34,54, 79.21:32,63.21:8,18,19,35.28:8,25.27,56, 66.22:7,8,9,10,27,33,54,56,57,72.11:10. 15,24,34,41.31:13,17,33,39,59,64,77.32: 5,10,33,71.23:8,31,70.14:8,9,10,15,34, 50,73,85.12:39,44,48,96,105,114.11:8,11, 43,57,64,65,66,74,81,90,92,100.32:6,8, 21,25,26,27,31,38,47,62,66,81,86.38:13, 20,35,49,55,56,89,96,99,101.22:5,7,8,19, 21,23,33,35,47,48.78,85,95.40:6,23,37, 47,50,84,93.41:9,10,13,23,38,45,56.42: 10,20,21,39,76,79.43:13,27,47.44:11,12, 24,26,28,47.85.45:3,6,13,24,26,29,30,44, 98.46:37,48,58.42:4,37,45,46,50,75,83, 85,92. * Clay-colored Sparrow -.Spizella pallida. 4: 23.40:84. Field Sparrow :5p-£ 26 ZZa pusilla. 1:15.2:4,6, 14,15,17,18.19,20,25.2:8,10,16,27,31,43. 4:2,6,17,24,29,37,51.5:4,9,19,23,24,39, 57,59.6:2,8,10,11,68.84.2:1,4,10,12.36, 53,71,72,102.8:3,8,27,51.9:4,8,10,16,17,19, 45-50,54,65,91,92.111:4,5.7,8,11,33,46 (5. p.arenaeea) ,47,55,58,78,81.11:22,23, 26. 30 (5. p.arenaeea) ,31,54,59,63,65,73, 112,116.12:5,8,9,16,33,45.12:17,20.33. 37, 44, 62 (the Great Smokies list was credited with 134 Tree Sparrows, but this mmiber should have been for Field Sparrows) , 71,75,76.14:8,11,15,48,74.15:16,26,57, 70,74,77.16:1.10,34,60.12:6,12,24,48,64, 69.11:27,46,56,57.12:7,8,9,23,55,68.20: 28,30,37,63.21:29,32,68,71.22:16,27,31, 68.22:5,13,26,29,59,70.24:39,60,79,83. 25:16,18,33,54,79.26:16,32,63.22:8,35, 51,73,77.28:25,27,55,56,66.22:27,33,54, 58.72.22:16,18,24,34,41,58.67.31:16,33, 36. 37, 39, 59, 64, 70, 77. 32.: 9, 10, 33, 47, 67, 71.32:7,8,10,18,31,70.34:11,12,15,34,66, 85.90.21:48,64,96,114.36:7,11,21,43,57. 74,90,92,97.22:31,38,40,46,47,59.62 (5. p . avenaoea) ,66.38:2,9,10,13,35,89.32: 5,7,8,20.33,35,78.42:6,21,27.33,37,80, 87.41:9,38,56,79.42:10,15,16,39,76,79. 42:13,20,47.78.44:8,12,14,47,85,101.42: 3,6,7,8,13,29,30.41,44,58.46:9,14,37,58, 84.42:4,37,43,83,85,92. * Harris' Sparrow -.Zonotrichia querula. 5.: 15. 12: 41. 22: 71.^: 75 (Mississippi) ,79,81.25: 74,79.26:20,58,63.22:37,73,77.28:6,7 and 26 (Mississippi) .66.29:7 (Tennessee and Mississippi) .31:11 (Tennessee and Arkansas), 77.22:4.22:64.34:8,13,73.35:36,48,49,107, 114.22:7,74,84,90,94.22:59.22:44.42:21, 47.50.42:43.42:13,20,23.44:12,24,47,51. 45:76.46:6.9.47:46,48. White-crowned Sparrow •. Zonotriohia leucophry s . (Those numbers followed by a "G" refer also to the race Z . Z . pambe Zi-Z) . 2: 4 , 15 , 18. 2: 8, 27, 43, 48. 4: 6, 21, 29, 48, 49. 5: 9, IIG, 15G,24,27,61G.6:8,11G,35,90G,92.2:12,35. 8 : 3G , 8 , 36 . 9 : 8 , lOG , 16 , 17 , 29G , 51 , 54G , 92 . 10:4,5,7,46G,74.11:7,22-24,28,29,68,103- 105. 12: 8, 9, 15G, 16, 37, 41. 12: 17. 20, 62, 75. 14:3,8G, 55, 74. 15: 9, 30, 70. 12:10,34, 60. 12: 24,35,64.18:27,46,56,57.19:7,23.55,68. 22:30,31,37,63.21:15,29,52,68.77,78. 30 22:16,19,27,65,68.22:13,29,59,70,73.24: 14,15,16,35,39,76,79,82.24:16,17,18,33 54,79.26:16,32,63.22:8,18,19,35,37,38, 39,73,77.28:6,25,32,66.24:9,27,33,72. 20:10,15,24,37,41,67.31:16,17,33,70,72, 77.32:8,10,33,71.33:17,31,64,70.34:11, 12,34,73,78,85.24:36,39,41,44,48,95,96, 102,106,114.24:7,8,12,21,43,66,67,74, 90,92,94,97,100.37:21,22,25,26,27,31, 38,40,41,59,62,66,81,82,83,86.38:20,21, 22,23,35,47,49,52,53,55,56,89,94,99, 100,103.24:21,33,47,48,64,65,78, 79 ,82, 89,91,95,96.40:26,27,37,47,50,52,69,80, 91.41:9,10,23,38,70,86.41:10,39,68,70, 95.43:13,20,21,47,79,89,102.44:12,47, 51,103,104.45:3,4,6,13,26,44,73,78,80. 46:9 ,23,24,47,48,58,70.47 : 19, 22, 24, 37, 42.48.50.78.80.83.92.100. White-throated Sparrow : Zonotriohia albi- oollis. 1:15.2:4,14,15,18,19,25,26,27. 3:8,16,27,28,31,43.4:6,10,17.21,29.5:9, 61.6:5,8,12,79.90.7:10,12,36,70.8:8,36, 37,73.7:8,10,16-18,54,69,71,90-92,96. 10:4,5,7,11,32-34,46,74,81.11:22-24,26. 28,89,90,103-105,112.12:5,8,9,16,18,71. 11:17,20,24,55,62,67,75,76.14:2,3,5,8, 15,55,74.79.15:8,9,12,30,70,78.16:5,10, 34,60.17:10,12,24,64,69.18:27,56,57.19: 7,8.9.23,55,68.20:30,37,54,63.21:12,15, 29,52,68,77.22:13,16,19,23,27,65,68.^: 9,13,29,59,70.24:39,76,79,80.25:16,18, 26,33,74,79.26:16,32.63.21:8,17,19,35, 49,67,69,73.28:6,11,12,14,25,32,55,56, 62,66.21:9,27,33,54,67,72.30:10,16,24, 29,37,41,58,60,67.31:14,16,17,33,36,37, 39,64,70,72,77,78.32:9,10,15,33,67,71. 33:8,18,31,70.34:8,10,11,15,34,39,66, 73,76,78,85,90.15 .-39,41,44, 48, 96, 101, 106,114.36:7,8,12,21,43,56,57,64,66,67, 74,81,90,92,94,96,97.99,100.37:7,9,22, 25,26,31,38.46,59,62,66,81,84,86.38:9, 10,22,35,49,52,55,56,89,94,97,99,103. 11:33,35, 44, 66, 68, 78, 91. 95. 40: 6. 18, 21, 27 , 37 , 47 , 50 , 69 , 80 , 89 , 9 2 . 41 : 9 , 18 , 21 . 23 , 38,70,83,86.42:10,16,39,70,93,95.43:13, 20,47,79,80,97,98,102.44:12,47,53,75, 78,87,103,104.45:13.29,30,41,44,58,78, 80,101.46:9,14,23,24,58,70,89.41:9 ,16, 17.19.22.24.37.80.92.100. Fox Sparrow.Passevella iliaoa. 1:4,19.3:8, 43.4:6,29.5:9,64.6:5,8,12.7:12,24,98.8: 8, 14, 40, 77. 2.: 8, 16, 17, 96. 10: 4, 5, 7, 8, 46, 75.11:22,23,26,27,28,37.12:8,9.11:18, 20,27,62.14:74.15:9,30,70,71.16:10,58, 60 . IZ : 63 , 65 , 69 . 18 : 56 . 57 . 12.: 55 , 68 . 2a: 30 , 63.21:15,68,77.22:16,68,72.23:9,59.67, 71 . 24 : 79 . 21: 18 , 73 , 76 , 79 . 26 : 63 . 2Z: 8 , 18 , 19,20,69,73,77.28:8,10,11,12,32,55,56, 63,66.21:8,9,27,54,72.30:16,41,67.31: 12,13,14,16,17,37,64,77.32:67,71.33:7, 70.34:8,39,73,76,78,80,85.35:16,36,37. 40,48,49,54,96,103,106,114.36:7.10,11, 12,21,43,56.57,64,66,67,81,90,94.96, 100 . 37 : 8 , 9 , 10 , 22 , 26 , 31 , 46 , 47 , 66 , 86 . M: 9,18,20,21,22,35,49,52,89,94,99.39:21, 22,24,47,48,78,95.40:6,23,24,45,47,50, 52,92.41:9.23,24,45.86.42:10,45.41:13, 20,28,55.44:12,26,28,47.45:13,26,29,30, 44 , 80 . 46 : 9 , 12 , 47 , 48 , 58 , 69 , 70 . 47 : 37 , 40 , 50. Lincoln's Sparrow : ^ospisa linoolnii. 2:19.3:16,27.4:21.1:9,24,25,27,60,64.6: 90.7:4,12,26,38.8:2,42.1:8,33.10:4,13, 32,33,42,46.11:104.13:62,66.14:20,55. 15 : 30 , 70 . 11: 10 . IZ: 24 , 27 . 18 : 27 . 19 : 23 , 64 , 68,69.20:37.21:29,51,68.22:27.23:29.21: 39,55.25 : 17, 33. 26: 26, 32, 46. 59,63. 2Z: 8, 18,74,75.28:13,46,55,56.29 : 7, 27. 30:9, 24, 41, 58. 11: 33, 45, 71, 77. 12.: 7, 10, 33, 67. 33:8,13,31,65,70.14:8,73,85,87.35:38, 49,96,103,106.31:10,74,90,94,96,100.31: 31,38,47,62,83,86.38:35,47,49,52,94,96, 101.39:26,33,34,35,43,47,66,89,95,96. 40:37,84,88,89,92,93.41:24,38,45,86.42 : 16,39,70,72,95.41:47,52,54,102,104. 44,: 6, 12, 24, 47, 51, 85, 99, 100, 103. 41: 44, 58, 76.41:9,20,23,24,58,69,71,89.41:22,40, 75,92. Swamp Sparrow -.Melospiza georgiana. 1:4,15, 19,26.1:8,16,27,43.4:6,17,26,29.5:9,22, 27,60.6:8.7 : 12. 8: 6, 8, 14, 36,37. i: 8, 12, 16,17.11:4,5,7,11,31,32,46,75,81.11:22, 23,61,77,112.12 : 8, 9 ,16, 18,77 (yi^.p.ericri/pPa) . ll:17,20,44,62,76.14:2,52(W.g. ericrypta) , 55,56,66,74.11:70,78.16:10,34,60.11:24, 64,69.18:27,56.11:23,55,68.21:30,63.21: 29 ,46,68,77.22:27,68,72.23 : 29, 59 ,70.24: 34,39,79,84.21:33,68,79.26:25,26,32,50, 63.21:8,17,19,35,49,53,67,73.28:25,56, 66.21:27,33,54,72.30:24,60,67.31:33,64, 70,77.12:33,67,71.11:8,31,70.34:8,13,15, 34,66,68,69 ,73,85,90.11:40,44,49,96,101, 105,106,114.16:8,12,21,43,57,64,66,67, 74,81,90,92,96,97.11:22,26,31,38,46,62, 66,81,83,84,86.38:2,9,22,23,35,49,52,55, 56,89,96,99.11:23,26,33,35,44,47,48,78, 91,95.40:6,21,37,50,52,80,84,92.41:9,23, 38,45,86.42:10,39,70.43:13,28,47,54.44: 12,47,80,103.45:13,29,30,41,44,58.46:9, 12,19,48,58,89.41:9,37,76,78,92. Song Sparrow -.Melospiza melodia . 1:15.2:4, 15,18,19,26,27.1:8,10,16,27,43.4:6,10, 17,29.5:9,14,19,23,57,60.6:1,5,8,12,73, 90. 1:12, 59, 86. 8 .-8,36.2.: 8, 16, 17, 45, 48-50, 67,91-93,98.10:4,5,7,11,46,58,59,81.11: 7,22,23,31,103,105,112.12:8,9,26,33,65.. 11:17,20,44,48,62,71,75,76.14:2,8,55,56, 66,74.15:30,70,78.16:10,34,60.17:10,24, 64,69.11:27,48,56,57.11:8,23,29,55,56, 6U(M . m . juddi , and M . m . euphonia') .68.20: 28,30,37,63.21:29,68,77,80.21:16,27,31, 68,70.21:13,29 ,40,59,67,70.24:39,54,79, 83,84.21:26,33,68,79.26.-16,32,45,63.21: 8,35,73.21:6,25,56,61,66.29:27.33,54,72. 10.-16,24,34,41,58,67.11:13,16,33,36,37, 39 ,59,64,70,77,78.12:9 ,10,33,71.11:10, 18.31,70.72.14:10,11,15,34,35,66,73,76, 85,90.15:49,54,96,101,114.16:8,11,21,43, 56,57,60,74,75,81,90,91,92,93.11:31,38, 39,41,47,61,62,66,82.18:2,9,35,49,89,96. 19:33,63.65,78,83,84.40:21,27,37,47,54, 68,69,80,84.92.41:9,38,45,53,54,68,70, 87.42:6,10,39,46,70,76,79,93.43:13,18, 19,20,42,44,47,54,77.44:12,14,47,85,87, 100.45 : 13. 30, 41, 44,61.46:9 ,14,19 ,50,58, 89.47:6,37,43,83,84,92,99,100. * Lapland Longspur : Cal ear-iws lapponious. 11 : 7,8,13,22,26,27,103.12:8,15.13:20,23.14: 5,65.17:65,69.11:56.19:68.20:63.21:44 (C. I . alas oensis) ,77. 22. : 13 , 68 , 71 . 23.: 10 , 71.24:79.25:79.26:63.21:16.73.29:7,72. 11:67.11:10,11,36,72,77.32:4,5,71.31:12. 14: 8 . 11: 14 , 114 . 11: 82 . 40 : 55 . 41 : 9 . 42 : 10 , 62.41:23,27.45:13,22.46:72.41:37,45,46. * Smith's Longspur : CalcariMS piatus . 23 : 10 (Arkansas) .24:79,80.25:46,74,79 .26:58, 63.21:16, 73.28:6,7.21:67,72.31 : 11 (Arkansas) . 12. : 4 (Mississippi and Arkansas) .33:12 (Mississippi and Arkansas) .34:8 (Mississippi and Arkansas) . 35 : 14(Arkansas) . * Snow 'Sunttng-.Plectrophenax nivalis. 14 : 20 (Alabama) .11:64.24:85.21:13,14.21:71, 73.28:63,66.31:78.31:10,49.14:13.36:52. 41:54 and 55 (Arkansas) .42:5.64.43:95. 45:26.41:46,50. 31 Index to Latin Names Acanthis = Carduelis Aoaip i ter cooperii - 6 gentilis - 6 striatus - 6 Aotitis macularia - 9 Aeahmophorus ocoidentalii Aegolius acadiaus - 13 Agelaius phoenioeus - 26 Aimophila aestivalis - 30 Aix sponsa - 4 Ajaia ajaja - 2 Aleatoris ohukar - 8 Alopochen aegyptiaous - 3 Ammodramus henslowii - 29 savannarum - 29 Ammospiza aaudaauta - 29 leaonteii - 29 Anas acuta - 3 americana - 4 oarolinensis=oreaoa clypeata - 4 orecca - 3 oyanoptera - 4 disaors - 3 penelope - 4 platyrhynohos - 3 rubripes - 3 strepera - 3 Anhinga anhinga - 1 Anser albifrons - 3 Anthus spinoletta - 21 spragueii - 21 Aquila ohry saetos - 7 Aramus guarauna - 8 Archilochus colubris - 13 Ardea herodias - 1 Arenaria interpres - 9 Asia otus - 13 flammeus - 13 Athene cunicularia - 12 Aythya affinis - 4 americana - 4 collaris - 4 marila - 4 valisineria - 4 Bartramia longicauda - 9 Bomby cilia cedrorum - 21 Bonasa umbellus - 7 Botaurus lentiginosus - 2 Branta berniola - 3 canadensis - 2 leuaopsis - 3 nigricans= B. berniola nigricans sandvioensis - 2 Bubo virginianus - 13 Bubulcus ibis - 2 Buaephala albeola - 6 clangula - 6 islandiaa - 5 Buteo harlani= B .j amaioensis harlani jamaicensis - 6 lagopus - 7 lineatus - 6 platypterus - 6 regalis - 7 Butorides striatus - 1 viresaens=striatus 3 Calamospiza melanooorys - 29 Ca loarius lapponicus - 31 piatus - 31 Calidris alba - 10 alpina - 10 bairdii - 10 aanutus - 10 fusaicollis - 10 maritima ~ 10 mauri - 10 melanotos - 10 minutilla - 10 pusilla - 10 Campephilus principalis - IS Capella gallinago - 9 Caprimu Igus oarolinensis - 13 voci ferns -13 Cardinalis cardinalis - 27 Cardue lis flammea - 28 pinus - 28 tristis - 29 Carpodaous mexicanus - 28 purpureus - 28 Casmerodius albus - 2 Cathartes aura - 5 Catharus Tformerly Hylooichla) fuscesoens - 20 guttatus - 20 minimus - 20 ustulatus - 20 Catoptrophorus semipalmatus - 10 Centurus=Me lanerpes Certhia familiaris - 18 Chaetura pelagioa - 13 Charadrius melodus - 9 semipalmatus - 8 vociferus - 9 wilsonia - 9 Chen caerulesoens - 3 hyperborea=caerulesoens Chlidonias niger - 12 Chlorura-Bipi lo Chondestes grammaous - 30 Chordeiles minor - 13 Circus ayaneus - 7 Cistothorus palustris - "19 platensis - 19 Clangula hyemalis - 5 Coccy zus ameriaanus - 12 erythropthalmus - 12 Colaptes auratus - 14 Colinus virginianus - 8 Co lumba fasoiata - 12 livia - 12 Columbiga llina=Co lumbina Columbina passerina - 12 Co lymbus=Podiaeps Contopus virens - 16 Conuropsis oarolinensis - 12 Coragyps atratus - 6 Corvus brachyrhynohos - 17 corax - 17 ossifragus - 17 Coturnioops noveboraoensis - 8 Coturnix coturnix' - 8 Crotophaga suloirostris - 12 32 Cyanoaitta cristata - 17 Cygnus olor - 2 Dendroaopos=^Piaoides Dendroaygna biaolor - 3 Dendroioa auduboni=Dendr>oioa aoronata auduboni- 23 aaerulesoens - 23 aastanea - 24 aerutea - 24 aoronata - 23 discolor - 24 dominica - 24 fusoa - 24 kirtlandii- 24 magnolia - 23 nigrescens - 23 palmarum - 24 pensy Ivanioa - 24 peteohia - 23 pinus - 24 striata - 24 tigrina - 23 Virens - 23 Doliohonyx oryzivorus - 26 Dryooopus pileatus - 14 Dumetella carolinensis - 19 Eotopistes migratorius - 12 Egretta thula - 2 Elanoides forficatus - 6 Empidonax alnorum - 15 flaviventris - IS minimus - IS traillii - IS viresoens - IS Eremophila alpestris - 16 Ereunetes==Calidris Erolia=Calidris Eudocimus albus - 2 Euphagus oarolinus - 27 ayanoaephalus - 27 Faloo aolumbarius - 7 peregrinus - 7 rustioolus - 7 sparverius - 7 Florida oaerulea - 2 Fuliaa amerioana - 8 Gallinula ohloropus - 8 Gavia immer - 1 stellata - 1 Geocoacyx calif ornianus - 12 Geothlypis trichas - 25 Grus canadensis - 8 Guiraca oaerulea - 28 Haliaeetus leuaooephalus - 7 Relmitheros vermivorus - 22 Hesperiphona vespertina - 28 Hirundo rustioa - 16 Hydranassa tricolor - 2 Hydroprogne=Sterna Hyloaichla (see also Catharus ) mustelina - 19 loteria virens - 26 Icterus galbula - 27 spurius - 26 lotinia mississippiensis ( formerly misisippiensis ) - 6 Iridoproane biaolor - 16 Ixobryahus exilis - 2 Junoo hyemalis - 30 oreganus - 30 Lanius exaubitor - 21 ludovicianus - 21 Larus argentatus - 11 atrioilla - 11 delawarensis - 11 hyperboreus - 11 Philadelphia - 11 pipixcan - 11 Laterallus Jamaiaensis - 8 Leuoophoy x=Egre tta Limnodromus griseus - 10 saolopaceus - 10 Limnothlypis swainsonii - 22 Limosa fedoa - 11 haemastioa - 11 Lobipes lobatus - 11 Lophodytes cuaullatus - 6 Loxia aurvirostra - 29 leucoptera - 29 Mareaa=Anas Megaceryle alayon - 14 Me lanerpes oarolinus - 14 ery throcephalus - 14 Me lanitta deglandi - 6 nigra - 5 perspioillata - 6 Meleagris gallopavo - 8 Me lospiza georgiana - 31 lincolnii - 31 melodia - 31 Mergus merganser - 5 serrator - 5 Mioropalama himantopus -11 Mimus polyglottos - 19 Mniotilta varia - 22 Molothrus ater - 27 Musaivora forfiaata - 15 My cteria amerioana - 2 Myiarchus orinitus - IS Myiopsitta monaohus - 12 Numenius phaeopus - 9 Nuttallornis borealis - 16 Nyatanassa violaaea - 2 Nyatea saandiaaa - 13 Nycticorax nyotioorax - 2 Ooeanodroma aastro - 1 Oidemia=Me lanitta Olor buccinator - 2 aolumhianus - 2 Oporornis agilis - 25 formosus - 25 Philadelphia - 26 Otus asio - 12 Oxyura dominica - 6 jamaiaensis - 5 Pandion haliaetus - 7 Parula amerioana - 23 Parus atriaapillus - 17 biaolor - 17 carolinensis - 17 Passer domestiaus - 26 Passeroulus sandwichensis - 29 Passerella iliaca - 31 Pass erherbulus aaudacutus=Ammospiza leoonti Passerina airis - 28 oyanea - 28 Pe leoanus erythrorhynahos - 1 occidentalis - 1 Petroahelidon pyrrhonota - 16 Phalacrocorax auritus - 1 Phalaropus fulioarius - 11 Phasianus aolahicus - 8 Pheuaticus ludovicianus - 28 melanocephalus - 28 Philohela minor - 9 Philomaohus pugnax - 11 Pica pica - 17 Picoides borealis - IS pubescens - 14 villosus - 14 33 Pipilo chlovura - 29 erythrophthalmus - 29 Piranga ludoviaiana - 27 olivaoea - 27 rubra - 27 Pleatrophenax nivalis - SI Plegadis ohihi - 2 faloinellus - 2 guarauna=ahihi Pluvialis dominioa - 9 squatarola - 9 Podioeps auritus - 1 caspious=nigriaollis grisegena - 1 nigriaollis - 1 Podilymbus podioeps - 1 Polioptila caerulea - 20 Pooecetes gramineus - 29 Porphyrula martinioa - 8 Porzana oarolina - 8 Progne subis - 16 Protonotaria citrea - 22 Pyrooephalus rubinus - 16 Quisaalus quisoula - 27 Rallus elegans - 8 limioola - 8 Reourvirostra amerioana - 11 Regulus calendula - 20 satrapa - 20 Riohmondena=Cardinalis Riparia riparia - 16 Rissa tridaotyla - 11 Rynohops nigra - 12 Salpinctes obsoletus - 19 Sayornis phoebe - 15 Seiurus aurocapillus - 24 motaoilla - 25 noveboracensis - 25 Setophaga rutioilla - 26 Sialia sialis - 20 Sitta canadensis - 18 carolinensis - 17 pusilla - 18 Somateria spectabilis - 5 Spatula=Anas Speotyto= Athene Sphyrapious varius - 14 Spinus=Cardue lis Spiza amerioana - 28 Spizella arborea - 30 pallida - SO passerina - 30 pusilla - 30 Squatarola=Pluvialis Steganopus tricolor - 11 Stelgidopteryx rufioollis - 16 Sterna albifrons - 12 caspia - 12 forsteri - 11 fusaata - 12 hirundo - 11 Streptopelia risoria - 12 Strix varia - 13 Sturnel la magna - 26 neglecta - 26 Sturnus vulgaris - 21 Telmatody tes = Cistothorus Thryomanes bewickii - 18 Thryothorus ludovioianus - 18 Totanus=Tringa Toxostoma rufum - 19 Tringa flavipes - 9 melanoleuoa - 9 solitaria - 10 Troglodytes aedon - 18 troglodytes - 18 Tryngites subruficollis - 11 Turdus migratorius - 19 Tympanuchus oupido - 8 Tyrannus tyrannus - 15 verticalis - 15 Tyto alba - 12 ’ Vermivora oelata - 23 ahrysopter/a - 22 chry soptera X pinus - 22 peregrina - 22 pinus (see also chry soptera) - 22 ruficapilla - 23 Vireo bellii - 21 flavifrons - 21 gilvus - 22 griseus - 21 olivaceus - 21 philadelphicus - 22 solitarius - 21 Wi Isonia canadensis - 26 citrina - 25 pusilla - 25 Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus - 26 Zenaida macroura - 12 Zenaidura=Zenaida Zonotriohia albicollis - 31 leuoophrys - 30 querula - 30 34 Index fo English Names Anhinga-l Ani, Groove-billed-12 Avocet, American-11 Baldpate=American Wigeon Bittern , American-2 Least-2 Blackbird, Brewer ' s-27 Red-winged-26 Rusty-27 Yellow -headed- 26 Bluebird, Eastem-20 Bobolink-26 Bobwhite-8 Brant- 3 (includes Black Brant :B.b.nigr-ioans) Bufflehead-5 Bunting , Indigo-28 Lark-29 Painted-28 Snow- 31 Canvasback-4 Cardinal-27 Catbird, Cray-19 Chat, Yellow-breasted-25 Chickadee Appalachian: Parus atriaapillus praotiaus-ll Black -capped-17 Carolina- 17 Chuck -will ' s -widow- 13 Chukar-8 Coot, American-8 Cormorant, Double-crested-1 Cowbird, Brown-headed-27 Crane, Sandhill-8 Creeper , Brown- 18 Eastern Brown: Certhia familiaris amerioana-18 Southern Brown: Certhia familiaris nigrescens -18 Crossbill , Red-29 White -winged- 29 Crow , Common- 17 Eastern=Common Fish-1'7 Southern: Corvus braohy.rhynahos pau lus-11 Cuckoo , Black-billed-12 Ye 1 low-billed- 12 Curlew, Hudsonian=Whimbrel Dickcissel-28 Dove , Ground-12 Mexican Ground: Columbina passerina pallesoene-12 Mourning- 12 Ringed Turtle- 12 Rock-12 Western Mourning: Zenaida maaroura margins I la- 12 Dowitcher , Long-billed-10 Short -billed- 10 Eastem=Short -billed Duck , Black-3 Fulvous Tree=Whistling-Duck , Fulvous Masked- 5 Ring-necked-4 Ruddy- 5 Wood-4 Dunlin- 10 Eagle , Bald-7 Golden-7 Egret, American=Great Cattle-2 Common=Great Great-2 Snowy- 2 Eider, King-5 Falcon, Peregrine- 7 Finch , House-28 Purple-28 Flicker , Boreal: Colaptes auratus borealis-lU Common- 14 Northern: Colaptes auratus luteus-lk Red-shafted: Colaptes auratus oaf er-lU Yellow-shaf ted=Common Flycatcher , Acadian-15 Alder-15 Great Crested-15 Least-15 Olive -sided- 16 Scissor -tailed- 15 Traill's (includes both Willow and Alder) -15 Vermilion- 16 Willow-15 Yellow-bellied-15 Gadwall-3 Gallinule , Common -8 Florida=Common Purple -8 Gnatcatcher, Blue-gray- 20 Godwit , Hudsonian-11 Marbled-11 Goldeneye , Arne r i c an= C ommon Barrow ' s-5 Common -5 Goldfinch, American-29 Goose , Bamacle-3 Blue=Snow Canad§.-2 ^ Egyptian- 3 Hawaiian- 2 Hutchin ' s : Snow- 3 Toulouse-3 White- fronted- 3 Goshawk-6 Crackle , Common- 2 7 Bronzed=Common Purple=Common Grebe , Eared- 1 Holboell's =Red-necked Horned-1 Pied-billed-1 Red-necked-1 Western-1 Grosbeak , Black-headed-28 Blue-28 Evening- 28 Rose-breasted-28 Grouse, Ruffed-7 Gull, Bonaparte ' s-11 Franklin 's-11 Glaucous-11 Branta canadensis hutahinsii-2 35 Gull, (continued) Herring- 11 Laughing- 11 Ring-billed-11 Gyrfalcon-7 Hawk , Broad -winged- 6 Cooper ' s-6 Duck=Peregrine Falcon Ferruginous -7 Harlan's; Buteo jamaicensis harlani-6 Krider ' s : Buteo jamaioensis kriderii-6 Marsh- 7 Pigeon=Merlin Red- shouldered- 6 Red-tailed-6 Rough- legged- 7 Sharp -shinned- 6 Sparrow=Kestrel Western Red-tailed: Buteo jamaioensis aa Iutus-6 Heron , Black-crowned Night-2 Great Blue-1 Green- 1 Little Blue-2 Little Green=Green Louisiana-2 Snowy = Snowy Egret Ward's=Great Blue Yellow-crowned Night-2 House Sparrow- 26 Hummingbird, Ruby- throated- 13 Ibis , Glossy-2 White-2 White-faced-2 ^^^hite-faced Glossy=White-f aced Wood=Wood Stork Jay , Blue-17 Florida Blue: Cyanocitta aristata cristata-17 Junco , Carolina: Junco hyemalis oar o linens is-jiQ Dark-eyed-30 Oregon: Junco hyemalis oreganus-30 Slate- CO lored=Dark- eyed White-winged: Junco hyemalis aikeni-30 Kestrel, American- 7 Killdeer-9 Kingbird , Arkansas=Western Eastern-15 Western-15 Kingfisher, Belted-14 Kinglet , Golden- crowned- 20 Ruby- crowned- 20 Kite, Mississippi-6 Swallow- tailed- 6 Kittiwake, Black-legged-11 Knot , American=Red Red- 10 Lark , Horned- 16 Northern Horned: Eremophila alpestris alpestris-16 Prarie Horned: Eremophila alpestris pratioola-\b Limpkin-8 Longspur , Lapland-31 Smith ' s-31 Loon , Common -1 Red- throated- 1 Magpie ,Black-billed-17 Mallard-3 Martin, Purple-16 Meadowlark , Eastern-26 Western-26 Merganser , American=Common Common- 5 Hooded-5 Red-breasted-5 Merlin-7 Mockingbird- 19 Nene=Hawaiian Goose Nighthawk , Common- 13 Florida: Chordeiles minor chapmani-13 Night Heron (see Heron) Nuthatch , Brown-headed- 18 Florida=White -breasted Red-breasted- 18 White -breasted- 17 Oldsquaw-5 Oriole , Baltimore=Northern Northern- 27 Orchard-26 Osprey-7 0venbird-2A Owl , Barn-12 Barred-13 Burrowing- 13 Florida Barred: Strix varia georgica-13 Florida Screech: Otus asio floridanus -12 Great Horned- 13 Long-eared-13 Saw-whet-13 Screech- 12 Short-eared-13 Snowy- 13 Parrakeet , Carolina- 12 Louis iana=Carolina Monk - 1 2 Parrot, Red- crowned- 12 Parula, Northern- 23 Pelican , Bro\\m-l White-1 Petrel (see Storm-Petrel) Pewee , Eastern Wood-16 Phalarope , Northern-11 Red-11 Wilson ' s -11 Pheasant, Ring-necked-8 Phoebe, Eastern-15 Pigeon , Band-tailed-12 Domes tic=Rock Dove Passenger-12 Pintail-3 Pipit , American=Water Sprague ' s-21 Water-21 Plover , American Golden-9 Black-bellied- 9 Piping-9 Semipalmated-8 Upland=Upland Sandpiper Wilson ' s-9 Prarie Chicken, Greater-8 Quail , Bobwhite (see Bobwhite) Coturnix-8 Rail, Black-8 King- 8 Sora (see Sora) Virginia-8 Yellow-8 Raven , Common- 17 Northern=Common Pv.edhead-4 Pvedpoll, Common-28 Redstart, American-26 Roadrunner-12 36 Robin, American- 19 Ruff-11 Sanderling-10 Sandpiper , Baird' s-10 Bart rami an=Up land Buff -breasted- 11 Least-10 Pectoral- 10 Purple-10 Red-backed=Dunlin Semipalmated-10 Solitary-10 Spotted-9 Stilt-11 Upland-9 Western-10 White-rumped-10 Sapsucker, Yellow-bellied-14 Scaup , Greater-4 Lesser-4 Scoter , American=Black Black-5 Common=Black Surf -5 White-winged-5 Shoveler, Northern-4 Shrike , Loggerhead-21 Migrant=Loggerhead Northern-21 Siskin, Pine-28 Skimmer, Black-12 Snipe , Common-9 Wilson ' s=Coramon Sora-8 Sparrow , Bachman ' s - 30 Chipping- 30 Clay -colored -30 English (see House Sparrow) Field-30 Fox-31 Gambel's: Zonotriohia leuaophrys gamheti'i-'iO Grasshopper-29 Harris ' - 30 Hens low' s-29 House (see House Sparrow) Lark -30 Le Conte 's-29 Lincoln ' s-31 Nelson 's; /tmmospfaa oaudaouta nelsoni-29 Pine Woods=Bachman ' s Savannah- 29 Sharp-tailed-29 Song- 31 Swamp - 3 1 Tree- 30 Vesper-29 White -crowned- 30 White -throated- 31 Spoonbill, Roseate-2 Starling-21 Stork, Wood-2 Storm-Petrel, Harcourt's-1 Swallow , Bank- 16 Barn-16 Cliff-16 Rough- winged- 16 Tree-16 Swan , Mute-2 Trumpeter- 2 Whistling-2 Swift -Chimney- 13 Tanager , Scarlet-27 Summer- 2 7 Westem-27 Teal, Blue-winged-3 Cinnamon- 4 Green -winged- 3 Tern , Black-12 Brown= Sterna albifrons browni-12 Caspian-12 Common- 11 Forster ' s-11 Least-12 Sooty- 12 Thrasher, Brown-19 Thrush Bicknell ' s : Cat?zarMS minimus biaknelli -20 Gray -checked- 20 Hermit-20 Mono Hermit: Catharus guttatus polionota-20 01ive-backed=Swainson ' s Swainson ' s-20 Willow: Catharus fuscesaens salioicola-20 Wilson ' s=Veery ^ Wood-19 Titmouse, Tufted-17 Towhee , Alabama: Pipilo erythrophthalmus canaster-2^ Green- tailed- 29 Rufous -sided- 29 Red- eyed : P.e. ery throphthalmus- 29 Spotted: Pipilo erythrophthalmus subspecies-29 White-eyed: Pipilo erythrophthalmus alleni-29 Turkey -8 Turkey, Water=Anhinga Turnstone, Ruddy-9 Veery Vireo , Bell's-21 Blue-headed=Solitary Mountain=Solitary Philadelphia- 2 2 Red-eyed-21 Solitary-21 Warb ling-22 White-eyed-21 Yellow- throated- 21 Vulture , Black-5 Turkey- 5 Warbler , Audubon's: Dendroiaa aoronata auduboni-22 Bay-breasted-24 Black-and-white- 22 Blackburnian -24 Blackpoll-24 Black-throated Blue-23 Black-throated Gray-23 Black-throated Green-23 Blue -winged- 2 2 Brewster's (hybrid) -22 Cairn's: Dendroiaa aaerulesoens eairnsi-2Z Canada- 26 Cape May-23 Cerulean-24 Chestnut -sided- 24 Connecticut-25 Golden-winged- 2 2 Hooded-25 Kentucky- 25 Kirtland ' s-24 Lawrence's (hybrid) -22 Magnolia-23 Mourning- 25 Myrtle=Yellow-rumped Nashville-23 Orange -crowned- 2 3 Palm-24 Parula (see Parula, Northern) Pine-24 Prairie-24 Prothonotary-22 Swainson ' s-22 Sycamore=Yel low- throated Tennessee-22 Wayne's: Dendroiaa virens waynei-23 37 Warbler, (continued) Wilson' s-25 Worm-eating- 22 Yellow- 23 Yellow Palm=Palm Yellow-rumped-23 Yellow- throated-24 Water Turkey=Anhinga Waterthrush , Grinnell's: Seiurus noveboraoensis notabilis-25 Louisiana- 25 Northern- 25 Waxwing , Cedar - 2 1 Whimbrel-9 Whip-poor-will- 13 Whistling-Duck, Fulvous-3 Widgeon=Wigeon Wigeon, American- 4 European-4 Willet-10 Woodcock, American-9 Woodpecker , Downy- 14 Hairy-14 Ivory-billed- 15 Pileated-14 Red-bellied-14 j Red-cockaded-15 I Red-headed-14 ! 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