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MARCH 1989

VOL. 60, NO. 1

THE MIGRANT

A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OL ORNITHOLOGY

FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1930

Published By

THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1915
A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization.

EDITORIAL STAFF

Editor— T. David Pitts, Biology Dept. UTM, Martin, TN 38238
State Count Compiler— Damien J. Simbeck, Box 3 A, Route 2, Loretto,

TN 38469

Season Editor— John Robinson, P.O. Box 1024, Hayward, WI 54843

OFFICERS FOR 1987-1989

President— Stephen J. Stedman, Dept, of English, Tennessee Tech Uni-
versity, P.O. Box 5053, Cookeville, TN 38505
Vice Presidents:

East Tenn.— Audrey R. Hoff, 4523 McCloud Rd., Knoxville, TN 37938
Middle Tenn.— Dan Gray, 5004 Mt. Pleasant Pike, Columbia, TN
38401

West Tenn. —Helen Dinkelspiel, 6519 Massey Lane, Memphis, TN
38138

Directors-at-Large:

East Tenn.— Dee Eiklor, Rt. 11, Box 178, Gray, TN 37615
Middle Tenn.— Robbie C. Hassler, Rt. 1, Box 164A, Byrdstown, TN
38549

West Tenn. “Donna L. Ward, 220 Georgia Ave., McKenzie, TN 38201
Curator— James T. Tanner, Rt. 28, Box 155, Knoxville, TN 37920
Secretary— John C. Robinson, P.O. Box 215, Dover, TN 37058
Treasurer— George R. Payne, 6643 Monmouth Dr., Memphis, TN 38119

All TOS members receive The Migrant and the TOS newsletter, The Tennessee Warbler.
The newsletter carries information about meetings, forays, and club activities.

Annual dues, $10.00; Sustaining, $20.00; Life, $200.00; Student (under 18 years), $5.00;
Family, $12.00; (chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses). Dues, con-
tributions, and bequests are deductible from Federal income and estate taxes. Back numbers
may be had from Dr. James T. Tanner, 417 Switzerland Dr., Knoxville, Tenn. 37920.
Correspond with the Treasurer for subscriptions, memberships, and changes of address.

Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by Allen Press,
Inc., Lawrence, Kansas. Mailed at Lawrence, KS.

Copyright © 1989 by the Tennessee Ornithological Society

THIS PUBLICATION IS PRINTED ON ACID-FREE PAPER.

THE MIGRANT

Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society,
to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee.
Issued in March, June, September, and December.

VOL. 60

MARCH 1989

NO. 1

The Migrant, 60(1): 1—3, 1989

A CONCENTRATION OF BEWICK’S WRENS IN
STEWART COUNTY, TENNESSEE

John C. Robinson

P.O. Box 1024, Hayward, Wisconsin 54843

Abstract. — During surveys of forest clear-cut areas in Stewart County, Ten-
nessee, an unusually large concentration of 21 Bewick’s Wrens ( Thryomanes be-
, wickii ) was inadvertently discovered in July 1 9 8 7 . The wrens were found in habitat
created by the forest clear-cut operations of a local timber company. Nineteen of
29 known clear-cut areas in Stewart County were surveyed between 15 July and
24 July 1987; Bewick’s Wrens were present at eight of these sites.

When large areas of forest are clear-cut by timber companies and planted to
pine or allowed to undergo natural succession, Bachman’s Sparrows (Aimophilia
aestivalis) will sometimes utilize the resultant habitat (Nicholson 1976). Several
of these sparrows have been discovered in Giles, Lawrence, Lewis and Hardin
Counties as a result of recent work by Damien Simbeck (Damien Simbeck, pers.
comm.). While searching for Bachman’s Sparrows in Wayne County, Tennessee,
on 21 June 1987, Simbeck and I discovered three Bewick’s Wrens ( Thryomanes
bewickii ) in two different clear-cut areas. In Stewart County, I initiated a survey
of Westvaco Timberlands Division (hereafter Westvaco) clear-cut areas to deter-
mine if Bachman’s Sparrows were present. It was while I was conducting this
survey that I inadvertently discovered a large concentration of Bewick’s Wrens.

From 1 984 to 1 987, Westvaco created 29 clear-cut areas of varying size (ranging
up to 30 ha) near Dover, Tennessee. All of the clear-cuts are south of Highway
79 and west of Highway 49. Most of these areas have been, or are being, planted
to loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda ). The planned rotation period for these trees is 25-
JO years (Steve Morgan, pers. comm.).

During the clear-cut operation, the existing marketable hardwood trees are
harvested and then one of two methods is used to prepare the area for the planting
of the pine seedlings. One technique, called “mechanical site preparation,” in-
volves the use of a large tractor with a V-blade to shear the smaller hardwood
trees off at the stumps to prevent sprouting. A second tractor then rakes the
resulting debris into long windrows or slash piles. On some occasions the ground
is also disked to promote better seedling growth.

The second technique, called “non-mechanical site preparation,” is especially
useful on steep areas where tractors cannot operate safely. A herbicide is used to

1

2

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

kill the hardwood competition and a controlled burn is often utilized to enhance
the effect of the herbicide treatment (Steve Morgan, pers. comm.).

I conducted field surveys on 19 clear-cuts in Stewart County in June and July
1987. Total time spent in the field was 24 hours. On 23 and 27 June I surveyed
old field areas east of Highway 49, but I did not find any Bewick’s Wrens. On the
first day that I surveyed a Westvaco clear-cut area, 15 July, I discovered Bewick’s
Wrens. Twenty-one wrens were found as follows: three on 15 July; three on 17
July; four, including a recently fledged young, on 18 July; one on 21 July; none
on 22 July; and 10 on 24 July. Wrens were found in eight of the 19 clear-cut areas.
Of note also was the discovery of two singing Bachman’s Sparrows on a clear-cut
in western Stewart County on 21 July 1987.

Most of the wrens were discovered after they began scolding and their distinctive
call notes attracted my attention. However, some wrens simply flew out in front
of me as I walked by a slash pile. Most of the wrens occurred in slash piles that
were from one to three years old, but a few wrens were found in slash piles that
were less than 1 2 months old. One Bewick’s Wren at a Wayne County site occurred
in a clear-cut that was very dense and more than three years old. The vegetation
surrounding the slash piles varied from none at all to a composite of young pine
trees up to 2 m tall with scattered grasses, forbs, brier thickets and deciduous
saplings. The slash piles themselves ranged in height up to 4 or 5 m and were
very dense.

It must be emphasized that the discovery of this large concentration of wrens
in Stewart County was initially a fortuitous by-product of a Bachman’s Sparrow
search. By 21 July 1987, I had visited at least once all of the clear-cuts I had
planned to census. Realizing that the presence of Bewick’s Wrens in the clear-cut
areas was most probably underestimated, I returned to three clear-cut areas on
24 July to search for this species. These clear-cuts had previously received only
a superficial search because they were successionally too young to support the
proper habitat for Bachman’s Sparrow. Utilizing a taped recording of the Bewick’s
Wren song, I was able to locate 10 birds over a three hour period in these three
clear-cuts. As a result, I believe the actual concentration of Bewick’s Wrens in
Stewart County during the summer of 1987 was probably much greater than what
I have reported here.

The appearance of such a large number of Bewick’s Wrens in clear-cut habitat
represents an important, although not unexpected, discovery in Tennessee’s or-
nithological history. Shrubby thickets are among the habitat types identified by
Gorton (1977) as being used by Bewick’s Wrens. In an Oregon study, Kroodsma
(1973) found Bewick’s Wrens in an open pasture with dense tangles of wild black-
berry ( Rubus sp.) and rose ( Rosa sp.); the pasture was bordered by mixed stands
of coniferous and deciduous trees with dense underbrush. An additional analysis
by Kroodsma (op. cit.) of 28 Bewick’s Wren territories in a riparian community
revealed that the species preferred habitat characterized largely by oak or ash
overstory with dense underbrush. Apparently the windrows or slash piles created
during Westvaco’s mechanical site preparation produce habitat which is analogous
to the woody thickets frequently found in the western part of the species’ range.

The Bewick’s Wren is listed as a State Threatened species (Alsop 1980). Since
1972, the species has appeared on “The Blue List,” published periodically in
American Birds as an early warning system for species which are undergoing a
substantial decline in numbers in all or a major part of their range (Tate 1986).
The status of Bewick’s Wrens throughout Tennessee needs to be closely evaluated.
When sightings are made, notes should be taken on the exact location and habitat
in which each bird is found. For sightings made during the nesting season, ob-

1989

BEWICK’S WRENS

3

servers should be alert for the presence of positive breeding evidence as defined
by Nicholson and Hamel (1986). The species has been found in a variety of urban,
suburban and rural habitats including farms and homes with brush piles, shrubby
thickets, stacks of chopped firewood, and deserted farm sheds. Look for Bewick’s
Wrens among the birds at your bird feeders as this species has overwintered in
Tennessee.

While some clear-cut areas have been searched in the past (e.g., Williams 1974)
many clear-cuts have received little attention. An intensive, coordinated study of
these areas could lead to management recommendations for the Bewick’s Wren,
Bachman’s Sparrow, or other species utilizing this habitat. Research studies ad-
dressing micro-habitat utilization, limiting environmental factors and important
food items unique to selected target species could be initiated with the cooperation
of the appropriate timber company. While not all timber companies operating in
Tennessee use the same management practices, there should be a number of
counties which currently have the habitat I have described in this paper.

LITERATURE CITED

Alsop, F. J., III. 1980. Birds. Pp. A-l-A-113 in D. C. Eagar and R. M. Hatcher (eds.).
Tennessee’s rare wildlife, volume I: the vertebrates. Tennessee Wildlife Resources
Agency and Tennessee Conservation Department.

Gorton, R. E., Jr. 1977. Territorial interactions in sympatric Song Sparrow and Bewick’s
Wren populations. Auk 94:701-708.

Kroodsma, D. E. 1973. Coexistence of Bewick’s Wrens and House Wrens in Oregon. Auk
90:341-352.

Nicholson, C. P. 1976. The Bachman’s Sparrow in Tennessee. Migrant 47:53-60.
Nicholson, C. P., and P. B. Hamel. 1986. Tennessee breeding bird atlas handbook. Tn.
Omith. Soc. Nashville, TN. 25 pp.

Tate, J., Jr. 1986. The blue list for 1986. American Birds 40:227-236.

Williams, M. D. 1974. The season: Central Plateau and Basin Region. Migrant 45:101-
102.

Accepted 18 April 1988.

The Migrant, 60(1):4, 1989

VERMILION FLYCATCHER IN
UPPER EAST TENNESSEE

Richard L. Knight

804 North Hills Drive, Johnson City, Tennessee 37604

While participating in the Elizabethton Fall Bird Count on 26 September 1987,
Brian Cross and I found an immature male Vermilion Flycatcher ( Pyrocephalus
rubinus) at Austin Springs, Washington County, Tennessee. The bird was first
sighted as it flew from a tree to a fence post about 15 m from us at 0930 EDT.
The sky was clear and the sun was behind us as we studied the bird with 7 x 35
binoculars and a 20 x spotting scope for over 30 minutes. The bird stayed along
a short section of fence near the shoreline of the Watauga River prong of Boone
Lake. It captured insects by typical aerial flycatching and by fluttering down to
the ground to take prey from the short grass in the field.

The bird appeared slightly smaller than an Eastern Phoebe ( Sayornis phoebe ),
which was verified later when a phoebe occasionally chased it. The Vermilion
Flycatcher would pump its tail phoebe-like. This was a very distinctive bird. Its
most obvious field mark was the bright red plumage of the underside, extending
from the mid-breast to the undertail coverts. The throat and upper breast were
light gray with scattered red flecks and the breast was lightly streaked with brown.
The crown was dusky gray with red patches at the front and rear. A trace of the
black mask could be seen. The back and wings were dusky gray-brown, and two
faint pale wing bars were evident. The tail was short and blackish, the bill was
small and black, and the eyes and feet were black. No vocalizations were heard.

The bird was present for three days, until 28 September. It remained in the
same area near the shoreline, usually on either of two fences. Most perches were
low and in the open. More than twenty people saw the bird and identifiable
photographs were secured by the author.

I am aware of ten previous records of this southwestern species in Tennessee,
all since 1960. Six of the records are from the Reelfoot Lake area of Lake and
Obion Counties (Smith 1965, Hogg 1968, Leggett 1969). Single records exist for
Shelby County (Waldron 1985), Lauderdale County (Patterson 1973), Dyer Coun-
ty (Patterson 1970), and Knox County (Owen 1965). All except the Knox County
record were in or near the Mississippi River floodplain. There are two spring
records, both in mid-May. The others range from 30 September to 27 December.
Thus, the Vermilion Flycatcher record documented here is apparently the eleventh
Tennessee record, only the second record away from the immediate Mississippi
River area, and the earliest fall sighting by four days.

LITERATURE CITED

Hogg, G. E. 1968. Vermilion Flycatcher at Reelfoot. Migrant 39:12.

Leggett, K. 1969. Vermilion Flycatcher again recorded at Reelfoot. Migrant 40:17.
Owen, J. B. 1965. Vermilion Flycatcher in Knox County. Migrant 36:14-15.

Patterson, D. E. 1970. The Season: western coastal plain region. Migrant 41:68.
Patterson, D. E. 1973. The Season: western coastal plain region. Migrant 44:98-99.
Smith, A. I. 1965. Vermilion Flycatchers at Reelfoot Lake. Migrant 36:14.

Waldron, M. G. 1985. The Season: western coastal plain region. Migrant 56:47-49.

Accepted 28 February 1988.

4

The Migrant, 60(1): 5-6 ,1989

FIRST EVIDENCE OF NORTHERN SAW- WHET OWLS
NESTING IN TENNESSEE

George W. McKinney
Rt. 3, Box 89, Speedwell, Tennessee 37870

J. B. Owen

2324 Antietam Road, Knoxville, Tennessee 37917

A pair of Northern Saw-whet Owls ( Aegolius acadicus) apparently nested in
Claibourne County, Tennessee, in the spring of 1988. On 8 May 1988 George W.
McKinney discovered an immature Northern Saw- whet Owl about 3 m above
the ground in a cluster of young maples near his home north of Speedwell in
Claibourne County, about 56 km north of Knoxville. The site was at an elevation
of approximately 375 m (1,200 feet) in a deciduous woodland that contained
patches of pines. The young owl was chocolate brown with a buff belly and a
conspicuous white “T” above its beak and over its eyes. McKinney returned to
the site at dusk and after a while heard Saw-whet “too-too-too” notes. Soon an
adult alighted within 3 m of him, and, possibly in response to the intrusion, made
bill snapping sounds. A second adult appeared about 50 m away; an immature
owl also appeared and after flying a short distance it showed its inexperience by
almost falling off the branch on which it landed. From the sounds in the increasing
darkness, McKinney thought there were two more immatures. The immature owl
he saw had a tail slightly longer than its folded wings.

On 1 1 May McKinney found another immature Saw-whet in the same clump
of maples; this owl’s tail was noticeably shorter than its wings. Owen and McKinney
later photographed the owl with 35 mm camera and color film. The owl was
perched about 5 m above the ground. The positioning of a ladder and the removal
of twigs in front of the owl did not cause it to flush; photographs were taken with
the camera at eye level with the bird and about 2 m away. The entire visible
portion of the eyes at close range seemed to be greenish brown. Neither of us saw
any yellow in the eyes of the owl; McKinney did not see any yellow in the eyes
of the first young owl.

McKinney found one pellet under the branch where the first immature had
perched. He sent it to Dr. Paul Parmalee (Department of Anthropology, University
of Tennessee, Knoxville) who found that it contained bones of one Masked Shrew
( Sorex cinereus ) and one Meadow Jumping Mouse ( Zapus hudsonius).

There is no reference in The Migrant (1931-1987) or in Stupka (1963. Notes
on the birds of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Univ. Tennessee Press)
to any nests or evidence of nesting (e.g., immatures with limited flying capability)
of Saw-whet Owls ever being found in Tennessee. Of the 46 items about Saw-
whet Owls in The Migrant, only two (both are one-time sightings from Nashville)
are reports of adults seen during the breeding season away from the higher ele-
vations of the Smokies or Roan Mountain. The lowest mountain elevation men-
tioned is 1,400 m (4,600 feet).

In The Wilson Bulletin (86:173-174, 1974) Simpson and Range mention four
records of immature Saw-whet Owls in North Carolina, all of which were found
at elevations above 1,585 m (5,200 feet). The four dates are 10 July, 1 September,
2 September, and 2 September. On 16 August 1985, Robert Collier (personal
communication) with his family found two immature Saw-whet Owls together in
a blueberry bush on Andrews Bald at an elevation of 1,786 m (5,860 feet) in

5

6

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

North Carolina. All of these dates are considerably later than our observations of
the Claibourne County owls, and the elevations are 1,200 to 1,615 m (4,000 to
5,300 feet) higher. Perhaps field work in future years will provide a clue as to
whether the Claibourne County Saw-whet Owls are part of an unknown Cum-
berland Mountain foothills population or a one-time, accidental occurrence.

Accepted 14 July 1988.

The Migrant, 60(1):6, 1989

BLACK SCOTERS AND WHITE- WINGED
CROSSBILL IN MIDDLE TENNESSEE

Donald W. Blunk

Route 2, Box 791-C, Dover, Tennessee 37058

On 19 April 1985 at approximately 0945 along the Cumberland River near
Wiley Springs Bay, Stewart County, Tennessee, I observed a flock of 20 Black
Scoters (Melanitta nigra) in flight. I noticed that most of the birds had orange on
the base of the upper mandible. A few birds were in female plumage with char-
acteristic white cheeks. I saw no sign of a white patch on the wings. As the birds
turned and changed positions, I could see the silver of the underwings as the sun
hit them. At first, the birds flew in a loose flock; they then changed to a single
file, flying low in a northwesterly direction along the Cumberland River. The birds
were observed approximately 45 seconds. This sighting represents the only Stewart
County record of Black Scoter and is also the highest one-day count recorded in
Tennessee.

On 29 November 1977, while in my house in north Montgomery County,
Tennessee, I observed a White- winged Crossbill ( Loxia leucoptera) through a
window. Approaching the window cautiously, I was able to stand as close as 1 m
from the bird. Clearly visible were two white wing bars and crossed mandibles.
Dorsally and ventrally, the body consisted of broken streaks of an orange-yellow
color. The wings were black with two white wing bars. I observed the bird as it
fed on cone seeds from two eastern hemlocks ( Tsuga canadensis) for approximately
20 minutes. It then flew away, and I was unable to locate it again. This sighting
represents the only one of this species in the Highland Rim and Basin Region of
Tennessee. White-winged Crossbills were also present in Martin (28 November-
2 December) and on Roan Mountain (2 January-15 March) during the winter of
1977-1978 (Alsop, Migrant 49:39-48, 1978).

Accepted 8 September 1988.

BOOK REVIEWS

The Migrant, 60(1):7, 1989

Birds and Birding on the Mississippi Coast— by Judith A. Toups and Jerome
A. Jackson, 1987. University Press of Mississippi, 3825 Ridgewood Road, Jack-
son, MS 39211. xvi + 303 pp., $17.95 plus $2 postage prepaid.

Lula and I have always been attracted to the Mississippi Gulf Coast. Our 1936
birding party camped for four days within sight of the water. The 1940 Memphis
Sea Scout cruise down the Mississippi River ended in Mississippi Sound. The late
Austin Burdick, Jr., Ben Welch, Jr. and I took a day off and hiked to Van Cleave,
then back across the pine barrens. We were rewarded by seeing a Sandhill Crane.
In October 1941, Lula and I worked the coast from Cameron Parish to Destin;
north of Ocean Springs we found the Sandhill Cranes; we walked Deer Island
with Tom Burleigh. Holiday train excursions ($10 round trip) from Memphis to
Gulfport/New Orleans, often put us aboard an excursion boat to Ship Island. On
one trip the late Wendell Whittemore and I slept on the sand and in the Lighthouse.
The tourist boat failed to show the next day, so we had to hitch a ride on a boat
to New Orleans. Other times we drove down; Interstate and 4-lane highways now
make this trip shorter and easier. Accommodations in this longtime resort area
are many and varied. What had been needed is such a book as this. Even if you
are unable to visit the coast, get the book; it is interesting and enjoyable. If you
go, you will find the book very informative and helpful: where to go, where you
can find what, even help on planning a “Big Day.” Bar graphs show seasonal
probability. Detailed map sketches accompany the key places to bird, generally,
or for special species. The black and white illustrations, by Dalton King, of 22
species and habitats add to the attractiveness of the book.

There have been many changes since our first visit. Intense development is
inevitable in a resort and coastal area, but in other respects there has been im-
provement in birding opportunities. The Mississippi Sandhill Crane NWR, state
parks, and wildlife management areas have been established. The Gulf Islands
National Seashore, a wonderful project, gives protection to the important barrier
islands, about ten miles out from the public beach, sea wall, and busy U.S. 90
highway. A beautifully located Visitor Center with camping facilities, self-guiding
nature trails and more, is located on the mainland at Davis Bayou, southeast of
Ocean Springs. Another change is the number of species present. The authors
state that the coastal bird list has increased by 70 species since 1944. This, of
course, includes rarities, but many can be found with the aid of this book. In
1936, I talked with an Englishman who was anxious to have the Starling appear
at his rural home (he later had Sandhill Cranes often fly over). The Black-shoul-
dered Kite (from south Texas) has nested in a coastal county for several years and
the American Swallow-tailed Kite and Mississippi Kite are more common.

I cannot close without mentioning a conservation accomplishment of consid-
erable magnitude. You can easily envision the difficulties of Least Terns nesting
on a sandy beach used by thousands of tourists who have come for the purpose
of using these beaches themselves. It was also necessary, after such tourist use, to
maintain the beach with mechanical equipment. The senior author, her associates,
and the Gulf Coast Aubudon Society have labored to secure the cooperation of
the Harrison County supervisors, and, consequently, designated and posted areas
are now available for the nesting of Least Terns on this beach. This is now, truly,
the “Least Tern Capital of the World.”— Ben B. Coffey, Jr., 672 N. Belvedere,
Memphis, TN 38107.

8

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

The Migrant, 60(1):8, 1989

A Field Guide to Little- Known & Seldom-Seen Birds of North America—
by Ben L. Sill, Cathryn P. Sill, and John C. Sill with illustrations by John Sill,
1988. Peachtree Publishers, Atlanta and Memphis, 82 pp., 32 color illustrations,
softbound, $7.95.

We scientists take ourselves all too seriously. As amateur scientists, birders
suffer some of the same malady, a seriousness that can be broken only when one
of our cherished forms is used properly but for a humorous purpose. The devious
authors of this little gem of a book have done just that. From a set of illustrations
executed with John Sill’s customary skill, the Sills (or is it Sillies?) weave an artful
parody on the modern field guide. Complete with a glossary: “Coverts— not used
in this guide since we don’t know what it means,” field notes: “Circle the right
answer,” and a comparison of the number of new bird species described to six
candidate explanations, this guide has all the appropriate features. The authors
describe the fieldmarks, behaviors, and range of 32 heretofore unknown species,
and include observation hints, range maps, and specialized equipment needs (in-
cluding serving suggestions) for observing these birds. Among the many interesting
forms are the American Bunting, Patrioticus americanus, the Gila Gull, Larus
precipitatus, and the Texas Warbler, Dendroica texana. I heartily recommend this
little book; the laughs are well worth the price. I might criticize the failure of their
specific epithets to agree in gender with their generic names, and to be expressed
in lower case, but that would be too serious!— Paul B. Hamel, Tennessee De-
partment of Conservation, 701 Broadway, Nashville, TN 37219.

Received 8 December 1988.

The Migrant, 60(1):8— 9, 1989

Annotated Checklist of the Birds of Kentucky— by Burt L. Monroe, Jr.,
Anne L. Stamm, and Brainard L. Palmer-Ball, Jr. 1988. Kentucky Ornithological
Society, Louisville. 84 pp., maps, drawings. $6.00 ppd. from KOS, 9101 Spokane
Way, Louisville, KY 4024 1 .

This publication is the first detailed listing of Kentucky birds since Mengel’s
landmark The Birds of Kentucky was published in 1965. In the almost 30 years
since the time Mengel completed his manuscript, our knowledge of Kentucky’s
avifauna, as expected, has greatly increased. This new information is nicely sum-
marized here. The checklist consists of two parts, annotated species accounts, and
bar graphs showing seasonal occurrence and abundance. The species accounts
consist of a paragraph, of up to about 20 lines, for each species. These include
descriptions of seasonal occurrence, habitat preferences, regional differences in
occurrence or abundance, and typical numbers in which the species may be en-
countered. For species with fewer than 1 5 Kentucky occurrences, all records are
listed with their sources. Nesting species, extinct or extirpated species, and species
for which there are only documented sight records are clearly marked. Hypothetical
species are in a separate listing. The bar graphs are easy to read, and a status

1989

BOOK REVIEWS

9

column allows quick determination of in which of four regions of the state a
species occurs and/or breeds.

The checklist appears to be professionally produced, and I can find little to
criticize. It will be of great value to all students of Kentucky, as well as Tennessee,
ornithology, and I strongly recommend it.— Charles P. Nicholson, Box 402,
Norris, TN 37828.

Received 26 January 1989.

The Migrant, 60(1):9, 1989

British Warblers— by Eric Simms. 1985. No. 71 in the New Naturalist Series,
Collins, London. 432 pp., 6 color plates by Ian Wallace, drawings, maps, photos.
$27.95, softbound.

Simms’s stated goal in this book is to “assemble a great deal of material not
previously brought together, to include much personal observation on behaviour
and vocalizations, and to examine the different genera and individual species
occurring in the British Isles” (p. 1 2). He admirably meets this goal in his coverage
of the 8 genera and 45 species of Old World warblers (Sylviinae) occurring in the
British Isles.

After introductory chapters which briefly discuss the evolutionary history, range,
habitats and different genera of the group, Simms devotes a chapter to each of
the British genera, followed by chapters on each of the members of the genus
which breed in Britain. The species accounts quite adequately cover most aspects
of the identification, range, ecology, behavior, breeding biology, and population
trends. Many personal observations are included. Conservation is a strong theme,
reiterated in a final chapter on “Past and Future,” which soberly notes that wood-
land cover declined from about 50% two thousand years ago to 6% in 1970. This
habitat loss has not been confined to woodlands, but has affected hedgerows,
wetlands, and heath. Simms notes encouraging, recent conservation efforts.

The book is nicely illustrated, with range maps, black-and-white photographs
of habitats and birds at the nest (by the renowned Eric Hosking), line drawings
of displays, charts, and sonagraphs. The color plates, each of several species against
a gray background, adequately show the diversity of size and plumage in the group,
as well as the great plumage similarity of some species.

I greatly enjoyed this book. Simms covers his subject in detail, yet in a very
accessible style. And his writing is often captivating: “To seek out the wetland
warblers among the bending, hissing reeds and the clumps of thorny scrub, with
the scent of damp rotting vegetation and black ooze in one’s nostrils, is a rare
experience indeed” (p. 33).— Charles P. Nicholson, Box 402, Norris, TN 37828.

Received 26 January 1989.

The Migrant, 60(1):10-12, 1989

MINUTES OF THE FALL 1988 TOS BOARD OF
DIRECTORS MEETING AND SYMPOSIUM

The Tennessee Ornithological Society and the Alabama Ornithological Society
met jointly at the Brandon Springs Group Camp facility in the Land-Between-
the-Lakes Recreation Area, Stewart County, Tennessee, on 18-20 November 1988.
Ninety-five persons registered for the meeting. The meeting consisted of a TOS
Board of Directors meeting, symposium and field trips.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING

The Board of Directors meeting was called to order by President Dan Gray on
1 9 November. It was determined that a quorum was present. Copies of the minutes
of the April 1988 meeting were distributed and approved as printed.

There were no reports from the VICE PRESIDENTS for East, Middle and West
Tennessee. The DIRECTORS- AT-LARGE for East and West Tennessee were
absent and sent no reports; the Middle Tennessee DIRECTOR-AT-LARGE had
no report.

SECRETARY John Robinson reported that he would be resigning as Secretary
after the Fall 1988 meeting because of a job transfer to northwest Wisconsin.

TREASURER George Payne reported that from 15 April to 15 November
1988, income was $3,170.80, expenses were $2,610.04 and capital reserve was
$27,937.43. A detailed report was submitted.

CURATOR James Tanner was absent but President Gray reported that income
from sale of back issues of The Migrant totalled $10.00; there were no additions
to the archives.

EDITOR David Pitts reported that the March and June 1988 issues of The
Migrant would be mailed as early as next week. He also stated that Allen Press,
which only has two of the four colors currently used on the cover of The Migrant,
had recommended that the Society publish its journal with the same color (green)
on the cover of all four issues each year. George Mayfield moved that we retain
the four colors that we now have, providing that the cost is not prohibitive, and
that the final decision on the use of new colors be left to the Editor. Paul Hamel
seconded the motion and it was approved.

David Pitts also reported that David Vogt has accepted the position of compiler
of the Highland Rim and Basin Region section of “The Season” report. The former
compiler for this region, Steve Stedman, was recognized by David Pitts as having
done an excellent job in preparing well- written reports.

David Pitts stated that The Migrant will be copyrighted. He further reported
that the printing of a membership list is overdue, and that Allen Press had rec-
ommended it be printed separately from The Migrant. George Mayfield suggested
that the membership list be printed as a separate pamphlet or flyer having the
same dimensions of a Migrant issue. Ken Dubke and Fred Carney cautioned
against unauthorized use of the membership list by outside individuals, though
such use of copyrighted material would be illegal.

David Pitts also reported that; the weight of the paper used to publish The
Migrant will be slightly lighter; Society members should note how long it takes
for the June 1988 Migrant issue to arrive from Lawrence, Kansas; and three
volunteers will be needed for on-going projects. These projects include the or-
ganization and compilation of the annual Autumn Hawk Counts; the Eastern
Mountain Region of “The Season” report; and the Winter Roadside Raptor Sur-
veys formerly coordinated by Steve Stedman.

10

1989

MINUTES

11

NOMINATING Committee Chairperson Ron Hoff reported that a new slate
of officers would be elected in the spring of 1989, and requested that nominations
be made soon. He also extended notes of thanks to John Robinson and Steve
Stedman for their work as Secretary and President, respectively. A motion by
Audrey Hoff to have President Gray select a new Secretary at his discretion was
seconded and approved.

FINANCE Committee Chairperson Richard Taylor was absent and there was
no report.

BREEDING BIRD ATLAS Chairperson Charles Nicholson reported that Atlas
work in certain parts of the state is irregular and/or insufficient, and that a sixth
year of field work may be necessary if the problem is not corrected. The Committee
is currently enrolling authors to prepare the species accounts for the upcoming
Atlas book. The University of Tennessee Press has expressed interest in publishing
the book, although no commitment has been made. A Prospectus is currently
being prepared. Finances from two Atlas fund-raising bird seed sales totalled
approximately $300.00.

CERTIFICATION spokesperson Richard Knight reported that an addendum
to the offical state list will appear in the March 1988 issue of The Migrant. He
also presented an amended resolution (published in the Tennessee Warbler, Vol.
10, No. 2) which calls for several changes in the Committee, including the change
of the Committee’s name to the Tennessee Bird Records Committee. Charles
Nicholson motioned to accept the resolution; this motion was seconded and ap-
proved.

CONSERVATION/EDUCATION Chairperson Ken Dubke reported that there
were few additional reports of Common Barn-Owls resulting from the distribution
of Barn-Owl posters across the state. The Chattanooga Chapter will be providing
input to the management plan of the Prentice Cooper State Forest. A Resolution
prepared by Chester McConnell of the Buffalo River TOS Chapter was presented.
This resolution opposed additional channellization of the Obion/Forked Deer
Rivers. A motion to accept this resolution was seconded and approved. Ken Dubke
also reported that Gary Myers, Executive Director of the TWRA, is receptive to
everything the TOS is doing.

The Tennessee Warbler EDITOR, the PATCHES AND DECALS Chairperson
and the FALL SYMPOSIUM DIRECTOR were absent and there were no reports.

MEMBERSHIP Chairperson Audrey Hoff reported that 22 new memberships
were received as a result of membership drive efforts earlier this year. A motion
to allocate $150.00 for the printing of more TOS brochures was seconded and
approved. The brochures are to be distributed to each Chapter for local distribution
to potential new members.

PUBLICITY Chairperson Lil Dubke suggested that each Chapter should have
notices about its meetings and activities in the local newspapers. She also presented
an example of how the activities of a TOS Chapter can be given “front page”
treatment in a newspaper.

RARE BIRD ALERT Chairperson David Chaffin was absent, but John Rob-
inson stated that he had sent Mr. Chaffin a letter informing him that Mike Bierly
was willing to use his hotline tape at The Wood Thrush Shop to report rare birds
that are called in. A motion to utilize Mike Bierly’s bird alert tape to report rare
birds and to cancel the search for funds to support a new bird alert system was
seconded and approved.

TENNESSEE ENVIRONMENTAL COUNCIL representative Ken Dubke
moved that our membership in the TEC be renewed for one more year at a cost
of $50.00. The motion was seconded and approved.

12

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

Under old business, George Payne presented a proposed 1989 budget by sum-
marizing anticipated expenses and income; uncommitted funds were estimated
at $2,850.00.

Under New Business, President Gray reported that Cleo Mayfield volunteered
to accept the position of Secretary for the Society. John Robinson moved that
compilers of “The Season” reports who receive photographs (of rare and common
birds alike) submit such photographs to the Chairperson of the Tennessee Bird
Records Committee after the issue of The Migrant in which the photographed
record appears is published. The motion was seconded and was amended such
that the location of where the photographs are to be stored is to be presented to
the Board of Directors at the spring meeting. This amended motion was seconded
and approved.

Martha Waldron reported that John Robinson has written a book entitled “The
Birds of Tennessee” for which a publisher is currently being sought. A brief outline
of the book was given and Martha moved that $1,000.00 be allocated to help
defray the costs of publishing the book. During the ensuing discussion, some
members expressed concern that many of the Directors had not had an opportunity
to review the book. Support for the project was also expressed, and the motion
was seconded and approved.

Robbie Hassler reported that she gave one of her hummingbird carvings to
David Pitts, who obtained it by donating $100.00 to the Breeding Bird Atlas
project.

Charles Nicholson moved that the TOS allocate $270.00 to reimburse regional
coordinators of the Breeding Bird Atlas project and $375.00 to pay for the printing
and distribution of the Atlas newsletter. The motion was seconded and approved.

A motion to approve the budget presented earlier by George Payne was seconded
and approved. Following this item of business, the meeting was adjourned.

SYMPOSIUM

The program of the 1988 TOS Symposium was arranged by David H. Synder.
Seven speakers made presentations; their names and topics follow.

Friday evening (18 November)

EFFECTS OF NON-POINT-SOURCE CONTAMINANTS ON AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEMS, by Mack Finley (Austin Peay State University).

Saturday afternoon (19 November)

WHERE DO CERULEAN WARBLERS CHOOSE TO BREED?, by Paul Ha-
mel.

THE PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE STATUS OF SANDHILL CRANES
IN TENNESSEE, by Ken Dubke.

BREEDING DISTRIBUTION OF CEDAR WAXWINGS IN TENNESSEE,
by Charles P. Nicholson.

EASTERN BLUEBIRD EGGSHELL CHARACTERISTICS, by David Pitts.

THE TENNESSEE BREEDING BIRD ATLAS PROJECT AFTER THREE
FIELD SEASONS; A PROGRESS REPORT, by Charles P. Nicholson.

BREEDING BIRD FORAY FOR HANCOCK AND HAWKINS COUNTIES,
by Rick Knight.

Saturday evening

EXPEDITIONS TO SOUTH AMERICA, A BIRDER’S PARADISE, by Mark
Robbins (The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia).

John C. Robinson, Secretary

The Migrant, 60(1): 1 3-2 3 , 1989

THE 1988 CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT

Damien J. Simbeck

Twenty-four counts were conducted in Tennessee during the 1988-89 season,
with 137 species tallied and 2 others seen during the count period. As in the past
few years, the counts were affected by the mild weather prior to the count season.
A cold front just before the first counts left temperatures near freezing, especially
in east Tennessee, but seemed to have little effect on the birds. Very few northern
birds, such as Pine Siskin and Evening Grosbeak, were seen this year. Temper-
atures again went up during the second week, and dropped only slightly after
another weak front after Christmas. This front brought snow into north-west
Tennessee, and could perhaps explain the presence of American Tree Sparrows
on three southern and eastern counts.

Overall, most rarities fell into the “lingering species” category, with a count
first Selasphorus hummingbird most notable. This brings the state list to about
214 species for Christmas Bird Counts. This bird was one of at least 6 individuals
reported in the state this winter. The Chattanooga bird was reported as a Rufous,
which it most likely was, but details did not indicate that photographs had con-
firmed the identification. Many pictures have been taken of this bird, so a positive
identification should be made.

Other notable lingering birds included Great Egret (15th record), a count week
Cattle Egret, Osprey, Merlin (10th and 11th), Peregrine Falcon, Forster’s Tern
(3rd), House Wren, Orange-crowned Warbler (13th), Indigo Bunting (2nd), Lin-
coln’s Sparrow, and Northern Oriole (10th). Also notable were Tundra Swan
(13th), Short-eared Owl in good numbers on two counts, and, for the first time
on a Tennessee count since 1958, Smith’s Longspur.

As usual, the counts are tabulated from west to east.

INFORMATION ON THE COUNTS

MEMPHIS- 18 Dec; 0630-1700; clear; temp. 22-50°F; wind SW 10-15 mph;
41 observers in 8-14 parties plus 2 at feeders; 128 party hours (97 on foot, 31 by
car) plus 2 at feeders; 203 party miles (75 on foot, 128 by car). Good details
submitted for Indigo Bunting (ER) and Smith’s Longspurs (JW). 90 species, 33,745
individuals. Trish Ardovina, Dianne Bean, Buzz Bean, Claude Brown, Carolyn
Bullock, Fred Carney, Robert Casey, Ben Coffey, Lula Coffey, Mike Collins, Chris
Creech, Dollyann Daily, Helen Dinkelspiel, Fred Dixon, Pat Eddy, Harold Elph-
ingstone, Robert Endres, James Ferguson, William Fowler, Lynn Gardler, Murray
Gardler, Joe Guinn, Van Harris, Ginger Ilardi, Robert Ilardi, Jeanne Kirkpatrick,
Jo Levy, Selma Lewis, Dwight Miller, George Payne, Rob Peeples, Dick Preston,
Martha Ramey, Ernie Restivo, Virginia Reynolds, Arlo Smith, Noreen Smith,
Richard Taylor, Phil Waldon, Martha Waldron (compiler— 1626 Yorkshire Dr.,
Memphis 38119), Jeff Wilson.

REELFOOT— 17 Dec; 0720-1600; 3 observers in 2 parties; no information on
party hours. 69 species, 201,710 individuals. Don Doster, Joe Robb, Glenn Stan-
ley.

SAVANNAH— 23 Dec; partly cloudy with AM fog; temp. 51-66°F; wind light
and var.; 4 observers in 3 parties; 31 party hours (12.75 on foot, 18.25 by car)
plus 2 owling; 285.8 party miles (1 1 on foot, 274.8 by car) plus 20.7 owling. Good
details submitted for Short-eared Owls (JP/DS), excellent details for Cattle Egret
including photo (DS). 78 species, 3,050 individuals. Johnny Parks, Damien Sim-

13

14

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

Table 1.

Species

MEMP

REEL

SAVA

CCWR

BUFF

COLU

NASH

DRR

HICK

MURF

LEBA

Common Loon

—

—

11

1

—

_

_

_

38

_

_

Pied-billed Grebe

3

-

40

8

1

-

-

-

52

-

2

Homed Grebe

-

-

10

-

-

-

—

-

185

-

-

D-cr. Cormorant

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

Great Blue Heron

28

9

10

133

9

23

9

5

44

3

6

Great Egret

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Cattle Egret

-

-

cw*

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Bk-cr. Night-Heron

—

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

4

-

1

Tundra Swan

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gr. Wh.-fr. Goose

-

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CW

-

Snow Goose

22s, 14b

90

-

2s

lb

5s

-

-

-

-

-

Canada Goose

14

40.4M

24

13.5M

129

639

245

25

1,142

152

158

Wood Duck

33

1,015

CW

41

-

11

-

4

2

3

1

Green-winged Teal

-

150

-

175

1

1

1

-

-

-

-

Am. Black Duck

1

2,000

1

12.2M

—

45

11

-

-

-

7

Mallard

330

130.2M

3

39. 1M

15

379

19

3

334

15

62

Northern Pintail

-

-

-

369

-

-

-

-

-

-

5

Blue- winged Teal

-

200

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Northern Shoveler

1

20

—

4

-

14

-

-

-

2

-

Gadwall

30

16. 1M

—

395

-

31

50

-

CW

5

-

American Wigeon

-

4,100

2

910

CW

15

28

-

3

-

-

Canvasback

-

-

-

250

—

8

31

-

-

-

-

Redhead

-

-

-

3

-

4

-

-

1

-

-

Ring-necked Duck

27

5,000

-

1,800

-

71

76

-

2

-

25

Greater Scaup

-

-

-

—

-

-

—

—

-

-

-

Lesser Scaup

-

47

CW

27

1

17

175

-

40

-

-

Common Goldeneye

28

-

3

3

1

2

11

-

1

1

-

Bufflehead

-

200

2

14

-

-

110

-

7

-

-

Hooded Merganser

-

60

2

133

CW

34

-

-

CW

-

150

Comon Merganser

-

-

-

CW

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

R.-br. Merganser

-

-

-

4

-

1

-

-

42

-

-

Ruddy Duck

—

502

—

-

-

2

-

-

-

-

-

duck sp.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

24

-

-

Black Vulture

-

-

—

9

53

28

18

463

2

55

19

Turkey Vulture

-

-

4

4

69

-

1

-

-

7

3

Osprey

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Bald Eagle

-

16

la

2a, li

-

-

■ -

-

-

-

-

Northern Harrier

11

1

11

4

5

5

3

4

-

3

-

Sharp-shinned Hawk

7

-

1

3

1

1

4

2

1

1

-

Cooper’s Hawk

2

-

2

2

-

2

1

4

3

2

-

Accipiter sp.

-

-

-

1

1

-

1

-

-

-

2

Red-shouldered Hawk

2

4

3

10

3

—

—

—

2

—

—

Red-tailed Hawk

61

14

9

36

25

22

40

14

19

14

10

Rough-legged Hawk

-

-

-

CW

-

2

-

-

1*

-

-

Buteo sp.

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

-

—

—

—

Golden Eagle

—

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

American Kestrel

34

14

2

15

23

24

40

10

34

57

9

Merlin

-

-

-

-

1*

-

-

-

1*

-

-

Peregrine Falcon

—

-

-

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ruffed Grouse

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wild Turkey

4

-

-

CW

43

-

2

-

-

-

-

Northern Bobwhite

17

-

10

13

1

23

25

-

20

1

7

Virginia Rail

-

-

-

-

-

1

3

-

-

-

-

-

oOld

American Coot

46

50

269

6

1

_

_

247

_

7

Sandhill Crane

-

—

-

-

1*

-

-

-

-

-

-

Killdeer

173

13

3

29

53

8

39

6

100

97

19

1 989 1 988 CHRISTMAS COUNT 1 5

Table 1.

Extended.

HIGH

PICK

COOK

NICK

CHAT

HIWA

NORR

KNOX

GSMNP

GREE

KING

ELIZ

BRIS

ROAN

_

4

_

2

12

1

2

_

_

_

_

_

1

_

18

5

5

158

205

102

-

58

-

-

19

2

9

—

1

-

-

—

46

9

-

16

-

—

-

—

2

—

14

-

-

9

9

47

4

6

4

93

77

364

8

126

i *

1

12

34

9

9

-

l

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10

3

-

10

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1*

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

3s

_

-

-

-

lb

-

Is

-

2s

-

-

-

-

907

-

115

23

38

1,407

213

327

-

304

432

93

101

—

-

-

-

9

30

6

3

1

2

9

8

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

101

—

—

—

—

—

1

1

—

5

31

2

1

38

393

4

20

—

67

9

3

12

—

241

14

9

133

436

1,237

60

87

14

225

506

114

140

-

-

—

—

—

—

63

—

—

-

1

10

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

_

_

—

—

—

—

4

14

3

—

1

331

120

163

-

6

—

2

26

—

1

—

7

—

-

11

75

82

—

—

-

—

-

4

3

—

3

10

-

29

8

11

1

—

—

—

3

1

12

35

23

98

26

22

-

25

—

—

10

5

14

_

-

-

2*

10

150

31

-

174

4

43

414

38

-

2

—

-

5

1

2

-

8

-

1

8

44

9

19

5

-

81

50

-

-

8

-

-

1

57

38

-

21

-

32

12

29

105

-

60

-

6

10

2

30

cw

-

-

-

-

1*

2*

—

—

—

—

1

—

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

40

7

4

1

1

-

-

-

-

1

-

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

-

21

—

-

1

12

-

—

—

2

36

_

24

—

-

3

12

2

5

27

-

2

-

19

13

-

6

-

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

la

4a

-

la, 2i

4a, li

4a, 5i

-

la

-

-

-

la

-

-

2

—

—

1

2

3

1

—

—

1

—

—

—

—

1

-

-

2

4

6

2

1

-

-

-

1

-

-

—

—

1

—

6

3

1

1

—

-

1

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

—

—

2

4

5

12

2

12

4

5

—

—

—

—

1

—

21

2

16

22

26

16

4

21

5

15

10

6

10

10

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

-

—

—

—

—

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

26

8

21

15

25

21

6

25

7

30

23

19

22

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

1*

—

-

1

-

-

-

-

—

3

—

-

1

-

2

—

—

1

4

12

1

12

20

15

-

-

-

24

-

-

1

-

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

— <

—

—

—

—

—

—

6

300

-

9,550

5,701

888

-

27

-

-

239

-

25

-

—

—

69*

—

—

26

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

2

-

42

4

126

287

9

159

18

43

36

14

10

-

16 THE MIGRANT MARCH

Table 1 . Continued.

Species

MEMP

REEL

SAVA

CCWR

BUFF

COLU

NASH

DRR

HICK

MURF

LEBA

Least Sandpiper

12

—

-

—

—

—

—

_

—

_

_

Dunlin

—

-

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

—

—

Common Snipe

6

-

-

24

8

1

15

8

13

1

—

American Woodcock

4

—

—

1

-

2

-

-

1

-

-

Bonaparte’s Gull

1

35

1

215

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

Ring-billed Gull

925

-

124

260

—

3

4

—

878

-

44

Herring Gull

2

-

25

-

—

13

—

—

4

-

-

Forster’s Tern

-

-

—

-

—

-

-

-

—

-

—

Rock Dove

641

2

120

25

99

19

138

24

375

46

39

Mourning Dove

328

11

123

173

215

146

363

63

491

89

46

Common Barn-Owl

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

E. Screech-Owl

—

—

6

1

4

7

5

7

4

-

3

Great Homed Owl

3

—

2

3

10

3

7

4

2

2

1

Barred Owl

2

1

3

3

3

4

1

-

4

—

5

Short-eared Owl

4

-

10*

-

-

-

—

—

-

—

—

Selasphorus sp.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Belted Kingfisher

10

2

3

23

19

13

18

1

26

2

5

Red-hd. Woodpecker

34

20

6

2

13

8

3

1

1

—

—

Red-bel. Woodpecker

126

23

15

49

53

32

121

13

24

7

6

Yel.-bel. Sapsucker

29

1

7

7

15

6

35

21

15

7

2

Downy Woodpecker

89

15

9

33

38

42

83

13

45

9

10

Hairy Woodpecker

11

3

1

11

19

6

19

2

5

2

3

Northern Flicker

164

18

26

38

43

15

68

8

44

16

7

Pileated Woodpecker

26

4

6

12

26

6

23

4

5

-

1

Eastern Phoebe

—

—

—

CW

9

1

2

1

-

1

-

Homed Lark

235

9

101

—

118

110

8

41

-

-

-

Blue Jay

353

17

50

146

128

48

206

23

108

35

25

American Crow

206

41

171

117

179

54

27.5M

34

253

211

37

Common Raven

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

-

Carolina Chicakdee

216

57

40

95

168

93

352

56

125

40

20

Tufted Titmouse

124

22

20

70

139

72

231

36

66

29

19

Red-br. Nuthatch

—

—

—

1

-

1

-

-

—

—

-

White-br. Nuthatch

2

2

6

37

77

6

44

2

—

—

3

Brown-hd. Nuthatch

-

—

—

-

-

-

—

—

-

—

-

Brown Creeper

10

1

2

3

11

1

11

4

6

-

-

Carolina Wren

150

11

25

45

19

31

98

9

63

12

3

House Wren

4

-

-

1*

—

- '

-

-

—

—

—

Winter Wren

11

2

1

3

5

4

—

1

2

-

-

Golden-cr. Kinglet

49

3

9

15

27

5

33

10

17

2

4

Ruby-cr. Kinglet

54

3

24

3

29

7

2

3

5

-

3

Eastern Bluebird

36

1

57

105

173

87

161

116

75

128

68

Hermit Thrush

13

3

13

9

7

10

13

18

12

-

4

American Robin
Northern Mocking-

2,945

31

37

78

81

1,900

25.9M

870

8,761

1,661

204

bird

114

4

10

21

57

30

202

21

103

36

10

Brown Thrasher

22

4

1

5

5

1

5

-

3

—

1

Water Pipit

20

-

1

1

1

—

-

-

-

-

-

Cedar Waxwing

108

1

123

53

226

45

197

104

646

50

151

Loggerhead Shrike

24

5

2

5

27

6

29

9

5

8

-

European Starling

3,379

133

172

254

529

10M

9,045

175

8,351

6,000

1,556

Orange-cr. Warbler

—

-

-

—

-

-

—

—

—

—

-

Yel.-rumped Warbler

192

53

120

115

44

21

101

67

140

39

25

Pine Warbler

12

-

6

CW

1

-

-

—

-

-

—

Northern Cardinal

266

90

60

270

160

89

405

46

196

72

32

Indigo Bunting

1*

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Rufous-s. Towhee

31

1

12

53

52

47

92

25

36

15

6

Am. Tree Sparrow

-

-

-

5

1*

-

-

-

-

-

-

1989 1988 CHRISTMAS COUNT 17

Table 1.

Extended.

HIGH

PICK

COOK

NICK

CHAT

HIWA

NORR

KNOX

GSMNP

GREE

KING

ELIZ

BRIS

ROAN

_

_

—

-

_

21

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

_

_

—

—

—

141

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

8

38

41

-

3

-

-

5

6

-

-

—

—

—

3

3

4

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

3

-

-

-

50

208

-

86

-

-

3

—

—

-

12

-

-

226

880

343

6

1,020

-

-

157

-

18

-

17

13

-

13

25

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

2*

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

40

—

67

125

431

37

88

718

33

252

1,217

176

66

33

172

117

255

239

304

418

122

879

434

333

300

198

252

10

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

_

2

13

5

7

6

5

3

2

1

12

4

7

1

CW

-

7

7

7

-

7

1

1

5

1

5

1

—

—

—

4

2

2

3

—

—

—

1

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

1*

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

9

-

-

38

31

34

4

38

9

4

32

4

7

5

2

9

2

1

3

2

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

17

6

27

43

44

55

15

61

16

55

15

10

12

1

2

4

5

31

18

25

10

24

8

8

4

13

2

1

13

11

20

50

38

62

14

55

27

47

36

54

17

15

4

2

3

3

11

20

6

11

20

5

10

4

1

1

25

18

13

73

59

76

14

42

17

18

27

16

11

1

4

10

8

29

7

21

5

15

16

14

24

12

7

3

-

3

3

9

2

18

1

8

6

3

1

6

2

1

—

—

—

39

—

—

—

—

—

15

—

—

—

—

155

96

166

201

121

273

51

340

128

258

157

200

117

36

409

60

284

1,395

622

820

240

1,051

117

941

279

675

533

221

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

6

—

—

6

—

6

14

9

52

209

224

199

100

339

204*

208

231

124

116

70

20

10

37

169

82

132

40

165

75

136

152

81

97

30

1

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

9

1

3

1

-

CW

7

7

21

28

29

19

38

27

37

22

43

18

18

20

—

—

—

—

14

8

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

-

3

19

11

24

1

10

16

2

3

2

-

4

7

6

14

90

51

97

33

123

46

84

36

31

23

21

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

-

—

7

12

4

17

5

8

11

6

_

3

_

1

5

-

3

104

49

110

77

117

162

26

5

35

27

18

-

-

-

76

25

58

2

18

13

6

1

3

2

-

80

56

88

189

133

253

91

171

39

33

5

67

73

15

2

1

8

32

26

50

17

20

6

1

2

6

1

2

70

63

328

79.6M

353

756

51

648

114

113

152

528

82

1

89

7

34

69

87

73

14

212

16

73

47

27

70

7

6

1

3

17

11

15

2

7

-

-

1

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

1

26

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

37

297

248

553

607

1,406

128

234

163

53

120

108

199

-

10

—

9

1

1

18

1

4

1

5

—

1

5

—

1,144

64

10.4M

942

2,106

3,764

654

14M

273

2,990

1,959

1,116

1,478

125

—

—

—

—

1*

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

4

21

25

167

171

462

229

267

18

77

79

37

5

-

-

-

-

6

26

25

-

1

2

2

-

-

-

-

95

13

112

213

234

163

87

273

66

164

151

120

98

41

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

6

2

19

79

80

57

18

42

15

7

8

12

2

6

—

—

—

1*

-

1*

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

18

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

Table 1. Continued.

Species

MEMP

REEL

SAVA

CCWR

BUFF

COLU

NASH

DRR

HICK

MURF

LEBA

Chipping Sparrow

-

1

Field Sparrow

39

4

45

39

198

76

44

43

44

27

9

Vesper Sparrow

2

-

2

—

2

—

1*

-

-

-

-

Savannah Sparrow

71

-

132

8

30

-

15

1

2

-

-

LeConte’s Sparrow

-

-

10

-

-

-

—

-

-

—

—

Fox Sparrow

57

-

11

11

5

-

1

20

7

1

—

Song Sparrow

234

7

107

198

177

60

129

34

416

10

13

Lincoln’s Sparrow

—

—

-

-

1*

-

-

-

-

-

_

Swamp Sparrow

128

4

27

123

23

57

4

13

73

6

1

White-th. Sparrow

1,086

45

138

305

293

80

483

16

373

14

22

White-cr. Sparrow

54

-

8

10

27

34

51

15

20

10

2

Dark-eyed Junco

241

30

118

304

474

60

140

116

138

46

22

Lapland Longspur

3

Smith’s Longspur

2*

Red-wng. Blackbird

11. 7M

104

200

13.8M

100

700

116

35

1,226

600

133

Eastern Meadowlark

243

26

123

137

135

40

157

31

30

72

2

Rusty Blackbird

184

25

50

3

1

-

—

—

35

180

-

Brewer’s Blackbird

1

-

CW

-

13

-

-

-

—

—

—

Common Grackle

6,029

535

-

664

43

5,000

561

250

21

7,000

13

Brown-hd. Cowbird

1,012

—

-

436

343

3,000

95

38

805

153

29

blackbird sp.

—

—

-

500

-

-

75

—

30

-

-

Northern Oriole

Purple Finch

13

-

-

13

64

45

25

23

2

16

1

House Finch

49

-

-

73

11

124

186

58

147

90

149

Red Crossbill

Pine Siskin

1

-

-

2

-

1

-

_

_

—

—

American Goldfinch

89

1

47

225

234

90

157

44

46

39

22

Evening Grosbeak

8

—

—

—

2

-

-

-

_

—

—

House Sparrow

596

93

49

50

375

58

59

75

68

74

22

Total Species

90

69

78

94

82

86

76

61

81

58

65

M = 1,000. * = See information on the counts. Underlined numbers tie or exceed record highs.
CW = observed during count week.

beck (compiler— Dept, of Zoology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996),
Chris Sloan, Ann Tarbell.

CROSS CREEKS NWR- 18 Dec; 0500-1700; clear; temp. 16-47°F; wind SW
5-15 mph; 10 observers in 6 parties plus 2 at feeders; 50 party hours (17 on foot,
32 by car, 1 by boat) plus 8 at feeders, 3 owling; 350.5 party miles (20 on foot,
327.5 by car, 3 by boat) plus 7 owling. Good details submitted for House Wren
(JD, CS). 94 species, 88,564 individuals. Donald Blunk (compiler— Rt. 2, Box
79 1C, Dover 37058), Gayle Boone, Bill Cowart, Camille Crenshaw, Jerry Drewry,
Vicki Grafe, Annie Heilman, Carl Mowery, Chris Sloan, Michael Todd, Wallace
Todd, Ellen Walker.

BUFFALO RIVER-29 Dec; 0330-0530, 0615-1715; clear to partly cloudy;
temp. 22-4 1°F; wind N 0-5 mph; 14 observers in 5 parties plus 1 at feeders; 39
party hours (17.25 on foot, 21.75 by car) plus 4 at feeders, 2 owling; 189.8 party
miles (15 on foot, 174.8 by car) plus 17.7 owling. Good details submitted for
Sandhill Crane (DI, DoS), Merlin (MB, RS, SS, DaS, CS), American Tree Sparrow
(DaS, CS), and Lincoln’s Sparrow (DaS). 82 species, 5,827 individuals. Andy
Augustin, Michael Beuerlein, David Ihrie, Chester McConnell, Dot McConnell,
Royce Neidert, Jane Newell, Ned Piper, Rebecca Satterfield, Steve Satterfield,

1989 1988 CHRISTMAS COUNT 19

Table 1.

Extended.

HIGH

PICK

COOK

NICK

CHAT

HIWA

NORR

KNOX

GSMNP

GREE

KING

ELIZ

BRIS

ROAN

10

_

2

1

29

4

—

_

1

_

_

_

_

_

32

13

35

166

136

191

52

114

9

52

32

12

32

29

—

-

-

2

4

2

-

-

-

25

74

39

2

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

1*

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

-

—

6

9

9

3

3

-

-

-

1

1

-

2

29

17

115

360

296

940

73

348

104

114

50

94

41

129

—

—

—

—

—

1*

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

2

122

59

189

7

43

4

2

12

3

1

1

26

18

108

481

439

1,131

164

839

142

202

42

182

106

49

-

-

-

1

3

20

10

14

-

24

-

2

4

-

77

62

39

177

225

467

92

104

63

68

68

328

132

118

1

10

216

3,300

1,083

220

266

2

64

5

72

56

182

127

1

25

17

182

26

28

8

-

-

-

1

28

20

111

-

-

-

12

15

-

-

-

11.3M

1,000

5,674

1,837

39

4,787

2

100

_

161

8

_

_

_

5

-

8

81

128

35

-

1

-

-

-

6

-

-

—

—

30M

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1*

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

13

48

10

6

59

6

19

_

7

113

1

20

_

24

43

146

72

266

201

51

305

30

619

223

140

268

6

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

11

—

—

—

—

—

1

—

—

—

10

11

—

—

—

—

2

1

—

—

61

58

51

320

266

390

121

203

82

102

270

136

66

11

—

—

—

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

139

25

45

41

40

51

18

50

28

81

137

117

40

119

72

55

68

90

102

107

62

80

55

67

72

66

66

41

Donette Sellars, Damien Simbeck (co-compiler), Don Simbeck (co-compiler—
117 2nd Ave. N, Loretto 38469) Chris Sloan, Wylie Willis.

COLUMBIA— 26 Dec; 0600-1700; clear to partly cloudy; temp. 32-60°F; wind
AM: SE 0-3 mph, PM: S 8-12 mph; 6 observers in 5 parties plus 3 at feeders;
31.5 party hours (18.5 on foot, 13 by car) plus 12 at feeders, 3 owling; 266 party
miles (12 on foot, 254 by car) plus 25 owling. Also reported: 1 Mallard X Gadwall,
good details (RF, GM, MM). 86 species, 23,842 individuals. Nancy Byer, Richard
Figari, Daniel Gray, Jr., William Jernigan, Cleo Mayfield, George Mayfield (com-
piler—999 Sunnyside Dr., Columbia 38401), Mark Mayfield, Jane Oakes, Allen
Pressnell.

NASHVILLE— 26 Dec; 0630-1730; clear to partly cloudy; temp. 30-56°F; wind
SE 0-5 mph; 33 observers in 9-11 parties plus 4 at feeders; 90.5 party hours
(44.75 on foot, 45.5 by car, 0.25 by ferry) plus 10 at feeders, 3 owling; 544 party
miles (38 on foot, 505.5 by car, 0.5 by ferry) plus 2 owling. Fair details submitted
for Vesper Sparrow (RB, JMc). 76 species, 68,820 individuals. Janet Alexander,
Robert Brayden, Elizabeth Collins, Connie Collopy, Richard Conners, Kinian
Cosner, William Cowart, Annella Creech, Fairman Cumming, Chris DeBold,
Rowan DeBold, Gerald Drewry, Milbrey Dugger, Lucy Finch, Margaret Finch,

20

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

John Fort, Katherine Goodpasture, Paul Hamel, Barbara Harris, Robert Hatcher,
Lee Kramer, Galen Lenhert, Jane Maynard, Joe McLaughlin, Marjorie Patrick,
Oscar Patrick, Virginia Price, Chistopher Sloan, Ann Tarbell (compiler— 6033
Sherwood Dr., Nashville 37215), Edwin Toone III, Edwin Toone IV, David Vogt,
Kenneth Walkup, Miriam Weinstein, Lamar Witmer, Betty Worden.

DUCK RIVER RESERVOIR- 17 Dec; 0400-1800; partly cloudy; temp. 20-
48°F; wind W 5-25 mph; 6 observers in 3 parties; 26 party hours (17 on foot, 9
by car) plus 3 owling; 191 party miles (6 on foot, 185 by car) plus 7.5 owling. 61
species, 3,159 individuals. Brad Hammond, Bill Jernigan, Alyn Lay, George May-
field, Allen Pressnell (compiler— Rt. 6, Box 274G, Columbia 38401), Dianne
Pressnell.

HICKORY-PRIEST- 2 Jan; 0515-1715; cloudy; temp. 39-42°F; wind NNW
10 mph; 24 observers in 8 parties plus 1 at feeders; 65.5 party hours (33.5 on
foot, 32 by car) plus 6 at feeders, 2 owling; 323 party miles (30 on foot, 293 by
car) plus 23 owling. Good details submitted for Rough-legged Hawk (DV) and
Merlin (CC, JD, BE, CS). 81 species, 26,745 individuals. Frances Abernathy, Jan
Alexander, Linda Anderson, Kinian Cosner, Camille Crenshaw, Chris DeBold,
Rowan DeBold, Jerry Drewry (compiler— 444 Dowdy Dr., Antioch 37013), Bob
English, Katherine Goodpasture, Louis Jackson, Daniel Jacobson, Lee Kramer,
Heather Leverette, Richard Newton, Johnny Parks, Betty Richards, Christopher
Sloan, Joe Stone, Ann Tarbell, Mike Todd, Edwin Toone III, Julia Toone, David
Vogt.

MURFREESBORO— 7 Jan; 0630-1630; partly cloudy; temp. 40-7 1°F; wind
SW 15-17 mph; 15 observers in 7 parties; 26 party hours (3 on foot, 23 by car)
plus 4 at feeders; 272.6 party miles (3 on foot, 269.6 by car). 58 species, 17,071
individuals. Bill Erwin, Lou Erwin, C. E. Greever, Anne Hettish (compiler— 1018
Lawndale Dr., Murfreesboro 37129), Bob Hettish, John Hooper, Richard Hunter,
Wilma Hunter, David McCarroll, Ruth McMillan, Gene Odom, Ruth Odom,
John Patton, Melissa Tucker, Terry Witt.

LEBANON- 17 Dec; 0545-1600; partly cloudy; temp. 28-38°F; wind NW 10-
20 mph; 8 observers in 4 parties plus 1 at feeders; 37 party hours (2 on foot, 35
by car) plus 1 at feeders, 1 owling; 66.5 party miles (3.5 on foot, 63 by car) plus
10 owling. 65 species, 3,278 individuals. Earline Berry, V. C. Berry, Tim Gorman,
Ruth McMillan (compiler— Rt. 2, Box 141, Lascassas 37085), Kay Norris, Ray
Pope, Ann Reese, Ramona See.

HIGHLAND RIM- 31 Dec; 0600-1800; cloudy with AM fog, PM rain; temp.
40-5 1°F; wind calm; 19 observers in 9 parties; 36 party hours (5 on foot, 31 by
car) plus 0.5 owling; 325 party miles (3 on foot, 322 by car) plus 0.5 owling. 72
species, 15,514 individuals. John Bruner, Lois Bruner, Marguerite Hernandez,
Don Herrig, Keith Herrig, Ruth Luckado, Hose Martinez, Nicky Medley, Philip
Medley (compiler— Rt. 2, Box 173B, Hillsboro 37342), Erma Rogers, Mary Shel-
ton, Quincy Styke, Carol West, Gene West, Lillie Willerd, Evelyn Wilson, Grady
York, Willa York.

PICKETT CO. — 30 Dec; 0700-1620; partly to mostly cloudy with light PM
rain; temp. 32-38°F; wind W 5-10 mph; 2 observers in 1 party; 9.25 party hours
(all by car); 49.8 party miles (all by car). 55 species, 2,821 individuals. Dave
Hassler, Robbie Hassler (compiler— Rt. 1, Box 164A, Byrdstown 38549).

COOKEVILLE- 16 Dec; 0515-1630; partly cloudy to clear; temp. 20-3 2°F;
wind NW 5-10 mph; 11 observers in 5 parties; 38.5 party hours (7.25 on foot,
31.25 by car) plus 2 owling; 272.3 party miles (6.5 on foot, 265.8 by car) plus 5
owling. Good details submitted for Greater Scaup (SS, present since 1 5 Nov) and
Sandhill Crane (RH/SS/DHu, KH, WJ). 68 species, 48,998 individuals. Jean

1989

1988 CHRISTMAS COUNT

21

Cashion, Richard Cashion, Dave Hassler, Robbie Hassler, David Hume, Kay
Hume, William Jones, Graham Kash, Richard Simmers (compiler— Rt. 6, Box
170, Cookeville 38501), Stephen Stedman, Joe Wahl.

NICKAJACK— 31 Dec; 0450-1700; AM cloudy with heavy fog, PM fog and
heavy rain; temp. 41-47°F; wind S 0-10 mph; 26 observers in 9 parties; 78.25
party hours (40.5 on foot, 37.75 by car) plus 11.5 owling; 332.5 party miles (25.5
on foot, 307 by car) plus 85 owling. Fair details submitted for Peregrine Falcon
(JH, TP). Good details submitted for American Tree Sparrow (JD). 90 species,
99,865 individuals. Benton Basham, Nelson Bennett, Del Blum, Katherine Boyles,
Kenton Dickerson, Jerry Drewry, Gary Hartman, John Henderson, Daniel Ja-
cobson, Kathy Jacobson, Lenny Kafka, Starr Klein, Jonnie Sue Lyons, Johnny
Parks (compiler— 1610 E. 17th St., Chattanooga 37404), Tom Patton, Kent Pen-
nington, Peter Robinson, Mark Rothberger, Robin Rudd, Rebecca Satterfield,
Steve Satterfield, Joe Stone, Carl Swalford, Chris Swafford, Dale Taylor, Michael
Todd.

CHATTANOOGA— 1 7 Dec; 0700-1800; partly cloudy to clear; temp. 23-39°F;
wind NW 0-15 mph; 35 observers in 12 parties plus 2 at feeders; 104 party hours
(63.5 on foot, 31.5 by car, 9 by boat) plus 6.5 at feeders, 8 owling; 571 party miles
(51.5 on foot, 489.5 by car, 30 by boat) plus 86 owling. Good details submitted
for Common Merganser (EG, DWo), Selasphorus sp. (PG et al., present since
mid-October), Orange-crowned Warbler (PH, PR), and LeConte’s Sparrow (RR).
102 species, 20,307 individuals. Clyde Blum, Edith Bromley, Louise Cash, David
Chaffin, Brainard Cooper, Bob Crawford, Angela Davis, Ken Dubke, Lil Dubke,
Paul Gabor, Edgar Grundset, Paul Harris, John Henderson (compiler— 7323 Fair-
ington Circle, Hixon 37343), Darryl Hosford, Ella Howard, J. N. Howard, Daniel
Jacobson, Lenny Kafka, Starr Klein, Sandy Kurtz, Polly Lane, William Lane,
Jonnie Sue Lyons, Barbara McMahan, Michael McMahan, Dottie Patton, Robert
Pierce, Don Ritzhaupt, Sukie Ritzhaupt, Peter Robinson, Tommie Rogers, Robin
Rudd, Donnie Rush, Bernie Tompkins, Dan Williams, Dick Wodenski.

HIWASSEE— 1 Jan; 0500-1800; mostly cloudy; temp. 42-47°F; wind NW 5
mph; 22 observers in 9 parties; 86 party hours (57 on foot, 26 by car, 3 by boat)
plus 5.5 owling; 477.9 party hours (43 on foot, 424.9 by car, 10 by boat) plus 47
owling. Good details submitted for Tundra Swan (LD, EK, probably same bird
since 12 Nov) Common Merganser (LD, EK), Forster’s Tern (LD, reported as
Tern sp., but details and logic indicate Forster’s), American Tree Sparrow (DR,
CW), Lincoln’s Sparrow (DS). 107 species, 25,751 individuals. Mark Armstrong,
Clyde Blum, Richard Clark, Ken Dubke, Lil Dubke, Audrey Hoff, Darryl Hosford,
Lenny Kafka, Elena Killian, Brian Locke, Charles Nicholson, Chris Norris, David
Patton, Tom Patton, Mark Reeves, Robin Rudd (compiler— 761 1 Davidson Dr.,
Chattanooga 37421), Don Rush, Boyd Sharp, Damien Simbeck, Bernie Tompkins,
Craig Watson, Dick Wodenski.

NORRIS— 1 7 Dec; 0530-1 800; cloudy to partly cloudy with AM flurries; temp.
24-36°F; wind NNW 5-15 mph; 8 observers in 4 parties; 27 party hours (16 on
foot, 1 1 by car) plus 2 owling; 131 party miles (1 1 on foot, 120 by car) plus 15
owling. 62 species, 3,093 individuals. John Byrd, Richard Clark, Audrey Hoff,
Ron Hoff, Fred Holtzclaw, Linda Fowler, George McKinney, Charles Nicholson
(compiler— Box 402, Norris 37828).

KNOXVILLE- 18 Dec; 0530-1730; partly cloudy to clear; temp. 16-38°F;
wind SW 0-16 mph; 27 observers in 14 parties plus 2 at feeders; 106 party hours
(62 on foot, 44 by car) plus 2 at feeders, 6 owling; 603 party miles (52 on foot,
551 by car) plus 30 owling. Fair details submitted for Great Egret (TK) and
Northern Oriole (LF, SH, DP). 80 species, 24,429 individuals. Jane Beintema,

22

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

Chris Butler, Betty Campbell, James Campbell, Richard Clark, Carol Coleman,
Marcia Davis, Barbara Finney, James Finney, Louise Fuller, Audrey Hoff, Ron
Hoff, Joseph Howell, Susan Hoyle, Kate Johnston, Tony Koella, Bettie Mason,
James Mason, Robert Mistak, Charles Nicholson, Holly Overton, Paul Pardue,
Don Powers, Mark Reeves, Martha Rudolph, Boyd Sharp, James Tanner (com-
piler—417 Switzerland Dr., Knoxville 37920).

GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NP-31 Dec; 0600-1700; cloudy with PM
rain; temp. 32-58°F; wind var. 0-5 mph; 22 observers in 10 parties; 79.5 party
hours (63.5 on foot, 16 by car) plus 0.75 owling; 220.3 party miles (74.5 on foot,
145.8 by car) plus 3 owling. The chickadees were of both species. 55 species, 2,67 1
individuals. Mark Armstrong, Jane Beintema, John Burkhart, Betty Campbell,
James Campbell, Richard Clark, Don DeFoe (non-participating compiler— Great
Smoky Mountains NP, Gatlinburg 37738), Louise Fuller, Audrey Hoff, Ron Hoff,
J. C. Howell, Ellie Koella, Tony Koella, Robert Mistak, Charles Nicholson, Holly
Overton, Paul Pardue, Mark Reeves, Bob Scott, Boyd Sharp, Damien Simbeck,
James Tanner, Mary Trice.

GREENEVILLE— 2 Jan; 0700-1830; cloudy to mostly cloudy; temp. 38-45°F;
wind NW 5 mph; 22 observers in 8 parties plus 7 at feeders; 36.25 party hours
(12.5 on foot, 23.75 by car) plus 18.75 party hours at feeders, 0.5 owling; 226.5
party miles (1 1.5 on foot, 215 by car) plus 0.5 owling. 67 species, 8,619 individuals.
Ben Britton, Ed Britton, Orland Britton, Phine Britton (compiler — 1750 Gott Dr.,
Greeneville 37743), Tio Carlos, Margaret Gaut, William Gaut, Juanita Heckert,
Lenard Heckert, Don Holt, Jim Holt, Richard Knight, Richard Nevius, Willie
Nevius, Daniel Nieves, Kay Nieves, Doug Ratledge, Helen Reed, Joanne Rout-
ledge, Larry Routledge, Helen Spees, Royal Spees, Virginia Williams.

KINGSPORT- 31 Dec; 0700-1900; cloudy; temp. 36-42°F; wind PM SW 5
mph; 16 observers in 6 parties plus 1 at feeders; 49 party hours (14.8 on foot,
34.2 by car) plus 8 at feeders, 2 owling; 298 party miles (13 on foot, 285 by car)
plus 30 owling. 72 species, 7,712 individuals. Reba Baker, Danny Blakley, Sandra
Driskell, Kathy Dowda, David Golland, Jim Golland, Lugia Hawkins, Wynn
Herbert, George Larkins, Tom Laughlin, Betsy McConnell, Betty Ottenfield, Bob
Quillen, E. E. Scott, Arthur Smith (compiler— 100 Otari Dr., Kingsport 37664),
Frank Williams, Kristin Zimet.

ELIZABETHTON— 17 Dec; 0415-1730; cloudy to mostly cloudy with snow
flurries, 1-2 inch accumulation in high elevations; temp. 22-28°F; wind W 5-18
mph; 18 observers in 5 parties; 46 party hours (25 on foot, 21 by car) plus 3.5
owling; 309 party miles (22 on foot, 287 by car) plus 18 owling. 66 species, 5,098
individuals. Fred Alsop, Cat Bireley, Jim Brooks, Janet Brown, Linda Campbell,
Brian Cross, Glen Eller, Harry Farthing, Sally Goodin, Bill Henninger, Brenda
Hull, Rick Knight (compiler— 804 N Hills Dr., Johnson City 37604), Dick Lura,
Ed Schell, Cathi Sullins, Glenn Swofford, Gary Wallace, Frank Ward.

BRISTOL— 31 Dec; 0730-1800; cloudy to partly cloudy; temp. 37-47°F; wind
var. 0-5 mph; 1 1 observers in 5 parties plus 1 at feeders; 33.5 party miles (12 on
foot, 21.5 by car) plus 3 at feeders, 1.5 owling; 302 party miles (6 on foot, 296
by car) plus 16 owling. 66 species, 4,532 individuals. Jim Boyd, Mary Boyd,
Wallace Coffey, Glen Eller, Bert Hale, Loraine Hale, Joe Jackson, Richard Lewis
(compiler— Rt. 3, Box 590, Bristol 37620), Vickie Lewis, Don Littrell, Randall
Smith, Sarah Smith.

ROAN MOUNTAIN— 18 Dec; 0545-1645; partly cloudy with 0-4 inch snow
cover; temp. 4-26°F; wind W 10-30 mph; 10 observers in 3 parties; 26 party
hours (15 on foot, 1 1 by car) plus 1.5 owling; 120 party miles (8 on foot, 1 12 by
car) plus 4 owling. 41 species, 1,180 individuals. Fred Alsop, Danny Blakely, Jim

1989

1988 CHRISTMAS COUNT

23

Brooks, Brian Cross, Sandra Driskell, Glen Eller, Rick Knight (compiler), Glenn
Swofford, Gary Wallace, Frank Ward.

Addendum: The 1987 Christmas Bird Count ( Migrant 59:5-13) did not include
the Reelfoot Lake count; the results of that count follow. Reelfoot 22 Dec 1987;
0500-1630; clear, temp. 43-58°F; wind NW 0-5 mph; 1 1 observers in 6 parties;
45 party hours (12 on foot, 28 by car, 5 by boat) plus 1 owling; 429 party miles
(21 on foot, 394 by car, 14 by boat) plus 5 owling. Fair details submitted for
Spotted Sandpiper (Colfey party). 97 species, 120,649 individuals. Ben Coffey,
Lula Coffey, Harold Elphingstone, Kenneth Leggett, Don Manning (compiler—
Rt. 2, Box 81 A, Buchanan 38222), Frank McCamey, David Pitts, Glenn Stanley,
Donald Temple, Michael Todd, Wallace Todd.

Pied-billed Grebe 1 1; D-cr. Cormorant 4; Great Blue Heron 137; Gr. Wh.-fr.
Goose CW; Snow Goose 10s, 5b; Canada Goose 28. 1M; Wood Duck 27; Green-
winged Teal 19; Am. Black Duck 790; Mallard 57. 4M; Northern Pintail 108;
Blue-winged Teal 30; Northern Shoveler 60; Gadwall 3,250; American Wigeon
2,025; Canvasback 8; Redhead 3; Ring-necked Duck 80; Lesser Scaup 40; Com-
mon Goldeneye 4; Bufflehead 10; Hooded Merganser 22; Common Merganser 3;
R.-br. Merganser 1; Ruddy Duck 758; Black Vulture 5; Bald Eagle 37a, 30i;
Northern Harrier 10; Sharp-shinned Hawk 1; Cooper’s Hawk 1; Red-shouldered
Hawk 14; Red-tailed Hawk 42; American Kestrel 53; Wild Turkey CW; Northern
Bobwhite 10; American Coot 508; Killdeer 99; Spotted Sandpiper 1; Common
Snipe 53; Bonaparte’s Gull CW; Ring-billed Gull 59; Herring Gull 1; Rock Dove
27; Mourning Dove 87; E. Screech-Owl 2; Great Homed Owl 1; Barred Owl 7;
Short-eared Owl 1 ; Belted Kingfisher 10; Red-hd. Woodpecker 85; Red-bel. Wood-
pecker 137; Yel.-bel. Sapsucker 15; Downy Woodpecker 54; Hairy Woodpecker
11; Northern Flicker 129; Pileated Woodpecker 20; Eastern Phoebe 1; Horned
Lark 94; Blue Jay 150; American Crow 458; Carolina Chickadee 165; Tufted
Titmouse 59; Red-br. Nuthatch 2; White-br. Nuthatch 19; Brown Creeper 1;
Carolina Wren 67; House Wren 1; Winter Wren 4; Golden-cr. Kinglet 1 1; Ruby-
cr. Kinglet 29; Eastern Bluebird 61; Hermit Thrush 4; American Robin 146;
Northern Mockingbird 39; Brown Thrasher 23; Water Pipit 4; Cedar Waxwing
14; Loggerhead Shrike 22; European Starling 8,386; Yel.-rumped Warbler 188;
Northern Cardinal 220; Rufous-s. Towhee 15; Field Sparrow 56; Savannah Spar-
row 20; Fox Sparrow 25; Song Sparrow 152; Swamp Sparrow 77; White-th. Spar-
row 244; White-cr. Sparrow 7; Dark-eyed Junco 204; Red-wng. Blackbird 6,684;
Eastern Meadowlark 137; Rusty Blackbird 116; Brewer’s Blackbird 3; Common
Grackle 5,386; Brown-hd. Cowbird 2,644; Purple Finch 2; Pine Siskin 1 ; American
Goldfinch 42; House Sparrow 184.

The Migrant, 60(l):24-36, 1989

THE SEASON

John C. Robinson, Editor

FALL: 1 AUGUST-30 NOVEMBER 1988

Although the spring is accompanied by its brilliantly plumaged warblers, the
fall is always the more exciting season to many ornithologists. This year was no
exception. The weather patterns across the state saw normal and below normal
amounts of precipitation, neither of which helped to ease the effects of the
long-term drought. However, some of the major reservoirs were maintained at
full-pool level. This combination of conditions resulted in a notably localized
distribution of shorebirds; nevertheless, a great diversity of shorebirds was still
represented from across the state.

Common Terns made a surprising appearance along the Mississippi River and
in east Tennessee. Although this species is less frequently found in Tennessee than
the Forster’s Tern, it is sometimes reported in flocks that outnumber most con-
centrations of Forster’s Tern in Tennessee. In 1942, Migrant editor Ben B. Coffey,
Jr., coordinated a cooperative paper on the wrens of Tennessee {Migrant 13:1-
1 3). A similar contribution, examining the chronology, abundance and distribution
of Forster’s and Common Terns on migration across the state, would be a valuable
addition to the ornithology of Tennessee. Much of the information on the field
identification of these two species that is available today did not exist 20 years
ago. Anyone wishing to coordinate such a project should contact this editor at
his/her earliest convenience.

A series of weak cold fronts in early and mid-fall may have been responsible
for the arrival of some species ahead of schedule (e.g., Gad wall, Short-eared Owl,
Greater White-fronted Goose and Northern Goshawk). This fall also saw a Mag-
nificent Frigatebird added to the list of birds officially seen in Tennessee. Sharp-
tailed and Le Conte’s Sparrows are becoming more regularly reported, as evidenced
by field work conducted in October and November. Wood Storks and Black-
legged Kittiwakes also appeared in two of the four reporting regions.

Details on the general observations noted above, as well as all of the other
important sightings made this fall, are provided in the following report. First-
time readers of this report, as well as all regular readers, are encouraged to submit
their bird sightings to the appropriate Regional Compiler. Observers are again
urged to provide written documentation of very rare species to their compilers.
The publication of sightings of very rare birds that have been submitted without
documentation is often less than desirable.— John C. Robinson

24

1989

THE SEASON

25

The following abbreviations are used in the text: ad = adult; b = banded; EOP
= end of period; ers = earliest reported sighting; im = immature; lrs = latest
reported sighting; max = maximum 1-day count during period; m. ob. = many
observers; NWR = National Wildlife Refuge; ph = photographs; SBC = Spring
Bird Count; S.P. = State Park; yg = young; * = documented record; ** = specimen
record.

WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN REGION— The drought conditions that were
noted during the summer continued unabated into the fall season until mid-
November. Migration was depressed as transients arrived sporadically in waves
ranging from very few to expected average numbers. Winter residents generally
arrived late but did not appear to be any more or less common than normal.
Migrating raptors were well reported, due in part to a 6-hour hawk watch con-
ducted by Jeff Wilson on 24 September in Shelby Co.; data from that effort have
been incorporated into this report. A heron/egret roost in southwest Shelby Co.
generated interest among MTOS, and counts there swelled into the thousands.
Even with drought-like conditions the Ensley Sewage Lagoons attracted many
shorebirds; according to Manomet Bird Observatory, the lagoons comprise one
of the better populated shorebird areas in the inland United States.

Loon-Falcon: Common Loon: 21 Nov (25) HNC (DWB); 7 Nov (1) Reelfoot
Lake, LKC (WGC). Pied-billed Grebe: 21 Nov (62) HNC (DWB). Homed Grebe:
24 Oct (24) PLS (DWB); 30 Oct (3/4) McKellar Lake, SBC/MEM Riverfront
(JRW, DAD); 21 Nov (170) HNC (DWB), a notable concentration. American
White Pelican: 25 Oct (4 ad) Great River Road, near Is 2 1 (WGC). Double-crested
Cormorant: 4 Oct (15) Is 21 (WGC); 8 Oct (130) Mississippi River, SW SBC
(JRW, DAD); 24 Oct (160+) PLS (DWB); 30 Oct (225) SFP (MTOS); 7 Nov
(300) Reelfoot Lake, LKC (WGC); 25 Nov (135) Mississippi River, SW SBC
(Diane Bean, LCC, VBR, MGW). Anhinga: 4 Sep (2) ESL (DJS). The north end
of Ensley Bar (ENB), River Mile 7 1 9 on the Mississippi River, was used as a
rookery in 1987, according to the U.S. Corps of Engineers; approximately 200
Cattle Egret nests were counted last year. This year the area was not used as a
rookery. However, on 6 August 1988, a count was made of the species using the
island as a roost. See Migrant 59: 1 18-1 19 for detailed information on the count.
Sightings made on subsequent visits are included in this report. Great Blue Heron:
27 Oct (68) DYC (WGC); 30 Oct (98) Mississippi River, NW SBC (JRW). Great
Egret: 22 Aug (100) Great River Road, LKC (WGC); 10 Sep (500) Lower Hatchie
NWR, LDC (Linda Waters); 13 Sep (1500) ENB (Ray and Ted Wilson, MGW),
highest 1-day count in the state; 1 1 Oct (75) ESL (Bill and Sarah Whitley); 27 Oct
(68) Is 21 (WGC); 21 Nov (2) BSU (DWB). Snowy Egret: 11 Aug (156) ENB
(JRW, DJS), max.; 21 Aug (96) MUL (JRW, DAD, LCC); 22 Aug (50) LKC
(WGC); 10 Sep (70) Is 21 (WGC). Little Blue Heron: 2 Aug (500) MUL (JRW,
DAD). TRICOLORED HERON: 31 Jul-27 Aug (1-26) ESL, MUL (JRW, DAD,
CGD, LCC); most, if not all, were immature birds. Black-crowned Night-Heron:
2 Aug (5 ad, 3 im) Is 21 (WGC); 6-27 Aug (2-12) ENB (JRW, m. ob.). White
Ibis: 5 Aug-17 Sep (1-15 im) MUL, ENB (JRW, DAD, m. ob.); the birds using
Mud Lake during the day were most likely the same ones observed flying to roost
at ENB in the evening. WOOD STORK: 27 Aug (70) ENB (JRW, m. ob.); 1 3 Sep
(206) ENB (Ray and Ted Wilson, MGW), max. Green-winged Teal: 21 Nov (220)
HNC (DWB). Canvasback: 5 Nov (80) BRF (DWB). Redhead: 29 Oct (38) BRF
(DWB). Greater Scaup: 21 Nov (7) HNC (DWB), rare in the Western Coastal
Plain region of the state. Oldsquaw: 29 Oct (2) BRF (DWB). BLACK SCOTER:
29 Oct (1) PLS (DWB); 4 Nov (1) PLS (DJS); 21 Nov (1) BSU (DWB). Surf Scoter:

26

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

29 Oct (1) BRF (DWB); 24 Nov (1) Pickwick Lake, Hardin Co. (DJS). Common
Goldeneye: 21 Nov (132) HNC (DWB). Bufflehead: 21 Nov (430) HNC (DWB),
an unusually large concentration. Hooded Merganser: 21 Nov (175) HNC (DWB).
Common Merganser: 1 9 Nov (3) BRF (AHH, Nita R. Heilman, DWB), ers. Red-
breasted Merganser: 30 Oct (3) PLS (DWB); 30 Oct (9) SFP (JRW); 9 Nov (1)
PEF (CHB, SLL, NMS, VBR, BHW). Ruddy Duck: 2 Aug (1 male) Is 21, 10 Oct
(2) Is 21 (WGC); 21 Nov (250+) HNC (DWB). Osprey: 5 Sep (10) Millsfield, 23
Sep (1) Heloise, 10 Oct (2) Is 21 (WGC), all in DYC; 24 Sep (3) ESL (JRW); 9
Oct (1) PLS (DWB). Mississippi Kite: well distributed in LKC and DYC, but no
large flocks (WGC). Bald Eagle: 16 Sep (1 im) PEF (JRW); 21 Oct (1 im) Is 21
(WGC). Sharp-shinned Hawk: regularly reported in small numbers at scattered
locations beginning in late Sep. Cooper’s Hawk: 24 Sep (4) ESL (JRW), max.
Rough-legged Hawk: 24 Nov (1) Pittsburg Landing, Hardin Co. (DJS). Merlin: 5,
6 Oct (1) MEM (JRW); 15 Oct (1) ESL (JRW); 15 Oct (1) PEF (MTOS); 7 Nov
(1) PEF (JRW). Peregrine Falcon: 24 Sep (3) ESL (JRW); 2 Oct (1) PEF (MGW);
16 Nov (1) MEM (Walk Jones).

Rail-Owl: Sora: 10 Sep (2) Heloise, DYC (WGC). Biweekly trips to the T. J.
Maxson Sewage Lagoons (ESL) continued this season. Observations since 1982
have been submitted to Manomet Bird Observatory, International Shorebird Sur-
veys. They have indicated that the records from ESL are among the highest
reported for a sewage treatment plant. The following shorebird data from this
area reflect the lowest and highest numbers seen during the period. Black-bellied
Plover: 6, 27, 31 Oct (1, 5, 7) Is 21 (WGC). Lesser Golden-Plover: 6 Oct (1) Is
21 (WGC). Semipalmated Plover: 5 Aug-18 Sep (2-9) ESL (CHB, VBR, MGW).
Piping Plover: 1 1 Aug (2) ESL (JRW, DJS); 14 Aug (1) ENB (JRW, DAD, Michael
L. Bierly, CGD). Killdeer: 5 Aug-6 Nov (4-231) ESL (CHB, VBR, MGW). Lesser
Yellowlegs: 5 Aug-29 Oct (2-78) ESL (CHB, VBR, MGW). Solitary Sandpiper:
5 Aug-10 Oct (1-33) ESL (CHB, VBR, MGW). Sanderling: 4 Sep (1) ESL (DJS);

4 Sep (24) Ballard Slough, Tipton Co. (DJS, Richard L. Wittington), max; 5 Sep
(5) Is 2 1 (WGC); 7 Sep (4) Is 1 3 (WGC). Semipalmated Sandpiper: 5 Aug-22 Sep
(2-94) ESL (CHB, VBR, MGW). Western Sandpiper: 5 Aug-27 Oct (1-3) ESL
(CHB, VBR, MGW). Least Sandpiper: 5 Aug-6 Nov (1-250) ESL (CHB, VBR,
MGW, MTOS). Baird’s Sandpiper: 28 Aug, 18 Sep (1, 1) ESL (VBR, MGW); 8-
26 Sep (4) Is 21 (WGC), max; 23 Sep (1) Heloise, DYC (WGC); 24 Sep (1) ESL
(JRW). Pectoral Sandpiper: 5 Aug-29 Oct (6-525) ESL (CHB, VBR, MGW).
Dunlin: 21 Oct (5) Is 21 (WGC); 27 Oct, 1 Nov (2, 1) ESL (CHB, VBR, MGW);

5 Nov (3) BRF (DWB). Stilt Sandpiper: 10-27 Aug (1-21) ESL (CHB, VBR,
MGW); 8 Sep-4 Oct (30 +, with 48 birds present on 1 5 Sep) Heloise, DYC (WGC).
Buff-breasted Sandpiper: 21 Aug (4) ESL (VBR, MGW); 4 Sep (2) Ballard Slough,
Tipton Co. (DJS); 8, 10 Sep (1) Heloise, DYC (WGC). RUFF: 21 Aug (1 female)
ESL (*MGW, VBR), the 2nd reported and accepted sighting for Tennessee; details
to be published. Stercorarius (JAEGER) sp.: 2 Sep (1) on Kentucky Lake at PLS
(*DJS, JCR). Laughing Gull: 25 Sep (3) Mississippi River, SW SBC (JRW). Frank-
lin’s Gull: 6 Nov (16) Mississippi River, SW SBC (JRW, DAD), an unusually
high concentration. BLACK- LEGGED KITTIWAKE: 20 Nov (1 ad) on Kentucky
Lake at PLS (*DJS, CAS, Mert Sloan), 1st west Tennessee record, 6th record for
state. Caspian Tern: 16 Oct (1) PLS (DJS). Common Tern: 1 Oct (30) Mississippi
River, SW SBC (JRW), high number. Forster’s Tern: 5 Sep (1 1) Is 21 (WGC); 9
Sep ( 1 6) PLS (DWB); 29 Oct ( 1 ) PLS (DWB). Black Tern: 5 Aug ( 1 5) ESL (Murray
L. Gardler). Short-eared Owl: 19 Nov (1) BSU (DJS).

Flycatcher-Oriole: Olive-sided Flycatcher: 21 Aug (1) DYC (CHB). WESTERN
KINGBIRD: 20-29 Sep (1-2) Bartlett, SBC (JRW), at the same location as re-

1989

THE SEASON

27

ported last year; 1 Nov (1) ESL (CHB, MGW). Purple Martin: 6 Aug (9,000) ENB
(JCR, JRW, DAD, CHB). Tree Swallow: 8 Oct (1,500) Robco Lake, SW SBC
(Ben B. Coffey, Jr., LCC); 27 Oct (10) Fort Pillow S.P., LDC (MTOS); 30 Oct
(1 1) SFP (MTOS); 1 3 Nov (9) State Road 87, LDC (CHB, MGW). Brown Creeper:
25 Aug (1) SFP (Jo L. Levy, Dwight Miller), possibly summered? House Wren:
15 Oct (5) ENB (JRW, DJS); 30 Oct (1) SFP (MTOS). Water Pipit: 9 Nov (2)
PEF (CHB, SLL, NMS, VBR, BHW); 10 Nov (7) BRF (DWB). Solitary Vireo: 6
Oct (1) PEF (MGW, Bill Cantrell); 26 Oct (1) KEP (CHB, BHW). Orange-crowned
Warbler: 15 Oct (1) ENB (JRW, DJS); 19 Oct (1) PEF (CHB); 30 Oct (1) PEF
(MTOS). BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLER: 24 Sep (1 female) Ponderosa
Properties, DTC (CHB), details on file; 5th west Tennessee record, 1st DTC record.
Yellow-rumped Warbler: 26 Oct (125) KEP (CHB, BHW). Yellow-throated War-
bler: 16 Oct (1) MEM (VBR). Palm Warbler: 19 Oct (1) PEF (CHB). Connecticut
Warbler: 15 Sep (1) PEF (VBR, MGW); 15 Oct (1) MEM (JRW). Grasshopper
Sparrow: 29 Oct (1), 5 Nov (4) PEF (JRW, DJS, DAD). Le Conte’s Sparrow: 2
Nov (1) (TJW), 5 Nov (1) (DWB), 20 Nov (1) (DJS, Johnny Parks), all at BRF.
Sharp-tailed Sparrow: 9, 29 Oct (1,1) BRF (DWB). Lincoln’s Sparrow: 9 Oct (2)
PEF (JRW); 15 Oct (5) ESL (JRW). White-crowned Sparrow: 19 Oct-EOP (25-
JO) MEM (MGW), max. Harris’ Sparrow: 6 Nov (1) McKellar Lake, SBC (JRW,
DAD). Dark-eyed Junco: 27 Sep (2) SFP (VBR, Helen B. Dinkelspiel, SLL, NMS),
ers. Lapland Longspun 8 Nov (170+) PEF (JRW); 9 Nov (10+) PEF (CHB, SLL,
NMS, VBR, BHW). Bobolink: 26 Oct (1) BRF (TJW), unusually late. Western
Meadowlark: 5-13 Nov (2) PEF (JRW, m. ob.). Orchard Oriole: 20 Aug (1) NE
DTC (CHB).

Locations: BRF— Britton Ford, Tennessee NWR, Henry Co.; BSU— Big Sandy
Unit, Tennessee NWR, Henry Co.; DTC— Decatur Co.; DYC— Dyer Co.; ENB—
Ensley Bar, Shelby Co.; ESL— Ensley Sewage Lagoons, Shelby Co.; HNC— Henry
Co.; Is 13 -Island 13, Lake Co.; Is 21 -Island 21, Dyer Co.; KEP-Kennedy Park,
Memphis, Shelby Co.; LDC— Lauderdale Co.; LKC— Lake Co.; MEM— Memphis,
Shelby Co.; MUL— Mud Lake, Memphis, Shelby Co.; PEF— Penal Farm, Shelby
Co.; PLS— Paris Landing S.P., Henry Co.; SBC— Shelby Co.; SFP— Shelby Forest
S.P., Shelby Co.

Martha G. Waldron, 1626 Yorkshire Drive, Memphis, TN 38119.

HIGHLAND RIM AND BASIN REGION— Several rare species were reported
in the region this fall. Most significant was the occurrence of a Magnificent Frigate-
bird in Columbia that can almost surely be attributed to Hurricane Gilbert’s passage
through the Gulf of Mexico. This record constitutes the 2nd state record (see the
Eastern Ridge and Valley section of this Season report for the 1st state record).
Other notable records include 2 Glossy Ibis at Gallatin Steam Plant, a Wood
Stork at Cross Creeks NWR, the first Davidson Co. record of Ruffed Grouse, a
Common Ground-Dove that collided with a window in Clarksville, and the pos-
sible occurrence of the “Red-shafted” form of the Northern Flicker in Nashville.

Numbers of some of the more common species showed unusual trends. For
example, while transient thrushes were reported in fairly high numbers on the
Plateau, they were almost absent in Nashville and were also reported in very low
numbers in localities west of Nashville. Conversely, Yellow-rumped Warblers
were present in extremely large numbers throughout the region. Boreal species
were represented by only a few records, with 1 report of Pine Siskin and 2 reports
of Red-breasted Nuthatch; no Evening Grosbeaks were reported. Purple Finches

28

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

were also low, but House Finches were reported in many localities where they
had not previously been recorded.

The wild food crop in the region proved to be exceptional. Berry-producing
plants such as dogwood, privet, poison ivy (perhaps the good poison ivy berry
crop accounts for the large numbers of Yellow-rumped Warblers present this
season), and bush honeysuckle produced an enormous amount of fruit; much of
which was still on the plants at the end of the period. The mast crop was generally
good, though nuts on the Plateau were more plentiful than in the Basin. Weed
seeds were also present in fairly good quantities throughout the region.

The weather conditions in the area continued to be generally warmer and drier
than normal. Hurricane Gilbert passed through the Gulf of Mexico in mid-Sep-
tember but produced no extreme weather conditions in the region. In Nashville,
rainfall was 1.3 inches below normal for the period, with only November receiving
more than the average amount of rain. Temperatures in Nashville were slightly
above normal for August, September and November, but were slightly below
normal in October.

Loon-Stork: Red-throated Loon: 13 Nov (1) WDR (CAS). Horned Grebe: 7
Sep (1) Franklin Reservoir, WMC (Elizabeth O’Connor), ers. Double-crested Cor-
morant: 4 Aug (1) Duck River Unit, Tennessee NWR, HPC (JCR), ers; 2 Oct (58)
GSP (CAS, CGD, VJS), max. MAGNIFICENT FRIGATEBIRD: 27 Sep (1) Ladue
Manor subdivision, Columbia, MUC (*WNJ), 2nd state record; this bird was
recorded 3 days after the first observation of this species in the state and within
2 weeks of Hurricane Gilbert’s passage through the Gulf of Mexico. Great Egret:
10 Aug (12) CCNWR (DWB); 18 Oct (4) CCNWR (DWB), lrs. Snowy Egret: 1
Aug-5 Sep (1-3) CCNWR (DWB), only report for region. Little Blue Heron: 10
Aug (144) CCNWR (DWB), max. Cattle Egret: 23 Oct (3) CFC (MDH, FDH),
only reported sighting. Green-backed Heron: 9 Nov (1) BWMA (DWB), lrs. White
Ibis: 28 Aug, 3 Sep (1 im) MOP (ARL, OBL). GLOSSY IBIS: 2 Sep (2) GSP
(*DJS, DTC, JPC, RYN). WOOD STORK: 10 Aug (1) CCNWR (DWB), 3rd
SWC record.

Goose-Duck : Greater White-fronted Goose: 17 Oct-10 Nov (6-11) CCNWR
(JCR, DWB). Snow Goose: 24 Oct (2 blue phase, 1 white phase) CCNWR (JCR),
ers. Wood Duck: 5 Nov (1 50+) Lake Olallala, DVC (Debbie Hill), max. American
Black Duck: 29 Aug (3) BWMA (DWB), ers. Northern Pintail: 5 Sep (3) CCNWR
(DWB), ers; 5 Nov (127) CCNWR (DWB), max. Blue-winged Teal: 5 Aug (2)
CCNWR (JCR), ers; 29 Aug (153) CCNWR (DWB), max; 21 Oct (1) CCNWR
(DWB), lrs. Northern Shoveler: 23 Aug (2) CCNWR (DWB, JCR), ers; 5 Nov
(16) CCNWR (DWB), max. Gadwall: 29 Aug (7) CCNWR (JCR), ers. Canvasback:
2-30 Nov (up to 50) Franklin Reservoir, WMC (Elizabeth O’Connor), max. Red-
head: 4 Nov (2) Franklin Reservoir, WMC (CAS), only report for region. Ring-
necked Duck: 1 Oct (1) RDL (NTOS), ers. Oldsquaw: 20 Nov (1 female) RDL
(DJS). Surf Scoter: 25 Nov (1) RDL (CAS).

Vulture-Falcon: Black Vulture: 30 Nov (350) Salem-Lexie Rd., FKC (J. J.
Bruner), max. Bald Eagle: 1 Sep (1 im) Buffalo River, MUC (WNJ), ers; 1 1 Nov
(1) Normandy Lake, CFC (B. J. Jenkins); 12 Nov (1 ad, 1 im) WDR (Chloe W.
and Howell J. Peebles); 28 Nov (1 ad) Star Point Resort, PIC (Francis Baker);
late Nov (1) Big Bottoms area, Cordell Hull Lake, Jackson Co. (fide Dale Mas-
sengill), found dead from gunshot, banded as a nestling in Michigan, 31 May
1987. Northern Harrier: 26 Aug (1) CCNWR (DWB), ers; 24 Oct (6) CCNWR
(JCR), max. Rough-legged Hawk: 1 1 Nov (1) Woodlawn Rd., Fort Campbell area,
Montgomery Co. (DWB), ers; 12 Nov (2) MOP (OBL, WNJ); only reports. Golden
Eagle: 20 Oct (1) Giles Co., near Marshall Co. line (fide John L. Stokes), found

1989

THE SEASON

29

with gunshot wounds; taken to Cumberland Wildlife Foundation for rehabilita-
tion; carried patagial tag and radio transmitter; hacked at Pigeon Mt., Walker Co.,
Georgia in 1987. Merlin: 17 Sep (1) Dover, SWC (JCR). Peregrine Falcon: 22 Sep
(1) CCNWR (DWB); 2 Oct (1) CCNWR (DWB), lrs.

Grouse-Phalarope: RUFFED GROUSE: 18 Nov (1) Grassmere, DVC (*Walter
A. Jones, Nicholas Young, Steve Young), good documentation submitted for this
1st DVC record. Sora: 29 Aug (6) BCWMA (DWB), ers and max. Sandhill Crane:
24 Sep (2) Burgess Falls Lake, Putnam Co. (John L. Stokes), ers; 2 Nov (10) BAH
(RWS); 9 Nov (171) PIC (RCH), max; 13 Nov (109) PIC (RCH); 15 Nov (85)
PIC (RCH); 22 Nov (18) BAH (RWS), lrs; total of 395 reported from 3 locations.
Black-bellied Plover: 3 Sep (1) CCNWR (DWB), ers; 1 Oct (1) OHL, Sumner Co.
(RYN, LFK, HCK), lrs. Lesser Golden-Plover: 18 Sep (2) CCNWR (JCR), only
report for season. Semipalmated Plover: 4 Oct (1) CCNWR (JCR), lrs. Greater
Yellowlegs: 8 Jul (1) CCNWR (JCR), ers; 12 Nov (2) MOP (OBL, WNJ), lrs.
Lesser Yellowlegs: 29 Aug (36) CCNWR (DWB), max. Solitary Sandpiper: 2 Oct
(1) CCNWR (DWB), lrs. Willet: 8 Jul (1) CCNWR (JCR), ers; 12 Nov (1) MOP
(OBL, WNJ), lrs. Upland Sandpiper: 22 Sep (1) CCNWR (JCR), only report for
season. Ruddy Turnstone: 30 Jul (2) CCNWR (DWB, JCR), 1st SWC record; 30
Aug (1) BCWMA (DWB), 2nd SWC record. Sanderling: 22 Aug (2) CCNWR
(DWB), ers. Semipalmated Sandpiper: 5 Jul (1) CCNWR (JCR), ers. Western
Sandpiper: 9 Jul (1) CCNWR (JCR), ers. Least Sandpiper: 29 Jun (2) CCNWR
(JCR), ers. White-rumped Sandpiper: 22 Aug (2) CCNWR (DWB), only report.
Baird’s Sandpiper: 1 1 Sep (2) CCNWR (DWB), only report for season. Pectoral
Sandpiper: 5 Jul (2) CCNWR (JCR), ers; 29 Sep (158) CCNWR (DWB), max; 18
Oct (2) CCNWR (DWB), lrs. Dunlin: 8 Nov (1) CFC (MDH), lrs. Stilt Sandpiper:
4 Jul (1) CCNWR (JCR), ers; 5 Sep (1) CCNWR (DWB), lrs. Buff-breasted Sand-
piper: 21 Aug (2) GSP (CAS, JPC, DTC), ers; 22 Aug (1) CCNWR (DWB); 25
Aug (1) Todd’s Lake, Rutherford Co. (TJW); 26 Aug (1) CCNWR (DWB), lrs; 4
reports from 3 locations for season, all falling within a 5 -day period. Short-billed
Dowitcher: 10-1 1 Jul (1-2) CCNWR (*JCR), ers; 31 Jul (1) CCNWR (*JCR), lrs.
Long-billed Dowitcher: 30 Jul (1) CCNWR (*JCR), only report for season. Com-
mon Snipe: 24 Aug (4) BCWMA (DWB), ers. Wilson’s Phalarope: 19 Aug (1)
Todd’s Lake, Rutherford Co. (TJW), ers; 25 Aug (1) CCNWR (DWB), lrs.

Gull-Tern: Ring-billed Gull: 1 Sep (1) Duck River Unit, Tennessee NWR, HPC
(JCR), ers. Caspian Tern: 14 Jul (5) CCNWR (JCR), ers; 1 Oct (8) OHL, Sumner
Co. (RYN, LFK, HCK), lrs and max. Forster’s Tern: 8 Jul (3) CCNWR (JCR),
ers; 19 Nov (1) CCNWR (CAS, JCR, m. ob.), lrs. Least Tern: 6 Aug (2) CCNWR
(DWB), ers; 1 1 Aug (3) CCNWR (*JCR), max; 16-18 Aug (1-2) CCNWR (JCR).
Black Tern: 16 Jul (2) CCNWR (JCR), ers; 2 Oct (1) OHL, Sumner Co. (RYN,
LFK, HCK), lrs.

Dove-Flicker: COMMON GROUND-DOVE: Oct 1 988 ( 1 , **) CLA (fide DWB);
1 1 th documented state record, window casualty taken to area taxidermist for
mounting. Yellow-billed Cuckoo: 22 Oct (1) CLA (AHH), lrs. Short-eared Owl:
2 Oct (1) Metro Center, DVC (CGD), new fall arrival date for Nashville area;
previous earliest date was 30 Oct 1953; 24 Oct (1) CCNWR (JCR), occurrence of
this 2nd early fall date very notable. Ruby-throated Hummingbird: 14 Nov (1)
Belle Meade, DVC (Ann Bryab, fide Susan M. Bell), new late departure date for
Nashville area. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker: 2 Oct (1) MUC (Richard A. Figari), ers.
Northern Flicker: 14 Sep (1, **) WSMV television tower (DFV), several wing, tail
and body feathers were collected as part of the regular tower casualty collection
project at this site. All of these feathers show salmon colored shafts that suggest
the possibility of this specimen being of the Red-shafted subspecies; feathers were

30

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

inspected by Richard C. Banks of the National Museum, Washington, D.C., who
reported that they matched well with specimens of Red-shafted Flickers in their
collection; Dr. Banks hesitated to conclude that the feathers in question definitely
came from a Red-shafted specimen, citing the possibility of a hybrid (these feathers
are now part of the collection at the Warner Park Nature Center in Nashville).

Flycatcher-Vireo: Acadian Flycatcher: 30 Sep (2, b) LSC (GRM), lrs. Northern
Rough- winged Swallow: 2 Oct (1) BWMA (DWB); 5 Oct (1) CCNWR (JCR), lrs.
Red-breasted Nuthatch: 13 Oct (1) Dover fire tower, SWC (DWB); 27 Nov (1)
Loretto, Lawrence Co. (Don K. and Donna N. Simbeck); only reports. Brown
Creeper: 3 Oct (1) BAH (RWS), ers. Bewick’s Wren: 24 Sep (1) Westvaco land,
off Old Highway 18, SWC (DWB), only record for season. Winter Wren: 30 Sep
(1) BAH (RWS), ers. Sedge Wren: 8 Aug (2) LBL (JCR, DWB), ers; 14 Aug (6)
MOP (Mark H. Mayfield). Golden-crowned Kinglet: 3 Oct (1) BAH (RWS), ers.
Ruby-crowned Kinglet: 3 Oct (1) BAH (RWS), ers. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher: 24 Sep
(4) WSB (DWB), lrs. Veery: 5 Sep (1) BAH (RWS), ers. Swainson’s Thrush: 14
Sep (30) BAH (RWS), max. Gray Catbird: 26 Oct (1) Love Hill, DVC (JCA), lrs.
Water Pipit: 29 Oct (23) CCNWR (DWB), max. Cedar Waxwing: 9 Aug (nesting,
2 ad, 1 im) Lovelady Community, PIC (RCH). Solitary Vireo: 19 Oct (1) West
Meade, DVC (CND, CRD); 20 Oct (1) CLA (AHH), only reports. Philadelphia
Vireo: 18 Sep (1) LBL (JCR), ers; 18 Oct (1, b) LSC (GRM), lrs.

Warblers: Blue-winged Warbler: 10 Oct (1, b) COL (GRM), lrs. Golden-winged
Warbler: 8 Sep (1) West Meade, DVC (CRD, CND), ers; 21 Sep (1) CLA (AHH),
lrs. Tennessee Warbler: 1 1 Sep (1) WSB (DWB), ers; 7 Nov (1, b) COL (GRM),
lrs. Orange-crowned Warbler: 7 Nov (1, b) COL (GRM), lrs. Nashville Warbler:
12 Sep (1) WSB (DWB), ers; 10 Oct (1, b) COL (GRM), lrs. Northern Parula: 18
Sep (1) CCNWR (JCR), lrs. Chestnut-sided Warbler: 27 Aug (2) CLA (AHH), ers;
20 Oct (1) CLA (AHH), lrs. Magnolia Warbler: 31 Aug (1) CFC (MDH), ers; 18
Sep (23) SWC (JCR); 20 Oct (1 , b) COL (GRM), lrs. Black-throated Blue Warbler:
17 Sep (1 female) Pennington Bend, DVC (Margaret L. Mann), ers; 18 Sep (1
male) LBL (JCR); 2 Oct (1 male) RDL (CND, RCD), lrs. Yellow-rumped Warbler:
24 Sep (3) BWMA (DWB), ers; 29 Oct (50+) PIC (RCH), max. Black-throated
Green Warbler: 5 Sep (1) WSB, ers; 29 Oct (1) CLA (AHH), lrs. Blackburnian
Warbler: 7 Sep (2) BAH (RWS), ers; 2 Oct (2) BWMA (DWB), lrs. Mourning
Warbler: 2 Oct (1) BWMA (DWB), only report for season. Wilson’s Warbler: 2
Oct (1) Percy Warner Park, DVC (DFV), lrs.

Grosbeak-Siskin: Rose-breasted Grosbeak: 24 Nov (1, ph) Love Hill, DVC (F.
Peck, fide *JCA), new Nashville Area late date, seen regularly at feeder until above
date. Indigo Bunting: 20 Oct (1) CLA (AHH), lrs. Vesper Sparrow: 17 Oct (1)
CCNWR (JCR), ers; 19 Oct (1) BWMA (DWB). Grasshopper Sparrow: 14 Nov
( 1 , **) DVC (CGD), new Nashville Area late date, freshly killed— apparent window
casualty, preserved as specimen in the Bierly collection. Lincoln’s Sparrow: 9 Oct
( 1 ) CCNWR (DWB), only record for season. Bobolink: 4 Sep ( 1 0) CCNWR (DWB),
ers. Northern Oriole: 24 Sep (1) WSB (DWB), lrs. Pine Siskin: 29 Oct (4) PIC
(RCH), only report for season.

Locations: BAH— Barnes Hollow, Putnam Co.; BCWMA— Bear Creek WMA,
Stewart Co.; BWMA— Barkley WMA, Stewart Co.; CCNWR— Cross Creeks NWR,
Stewart Co.; CFC— Coffee Co.; CLA— Clarksville, Montgomery Co.; COL— Co-
lumbia, Maury Co.; DVC— Davidson Co.; FKC— Franklin Co.; GSP— Gallatin
Steam Plant, Sumner Co.; HPC— Humphreys Co.; LBL— Land- Bet ween-the-Lakes,
Stewart Co.; LSC— Lewis Co.; MOP— Monsanto Ponds, Maury Co.; MUC— Mau-
ry Co.; OHL— Old Hickory Lake, Sumner Co.; PIC— Pickett Co.; RDL— Radnor
Lake State Natural Area, Davidson Co.; SWC— Stewart Co.; WDR— Woods Res-

1989

THE SEASON

31

ervoir, Franklin Co.; WMC— Williamson Co.; WSB— Wiley’s Spring Bay, Stew-
art Co.

David F. Vogt, 7818 Old Charlotte Pike, Nashville, TN 37209.

EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY REGION -Rainfall this season was near
average to slightly above average (range 0.5 inches deficient at Johnson City to
+ 2.75 inches at Chattanooga), but did not greatly diminish the long-term drought
conditions plaguing the region. Temperatures were near normal during August
and September. At Tricities Regional Airport, October temperatures were the
coldest on record for that month, but conditions were apparently milder at Knox-
ville and Chattanooga. November temperatures were slightly above average. The
remnants of Hurricane Gilbert passed through on 20 September (after pounding
the western Gulf of Mexico), and almost certainly accounted for Tennessee’s first
Magnificent Frigatebird, and perhaps some of the shorebirds, gulls and terns seen
in late September.

According to Bill Felts, TVA Manager of Reservoir Operations, “because of
the drought conditions this was the first time TVA did not perform the weekly
water-level fluctuations [of Chickamauga Lake] for their biological mosquito con-
trol operation.” As a result of the full pool level, shorebirds and even long-legged
waders were in reduced numbers, especially upstream at the Hiwassee River Area.
However, “One possible side benefit of the stabilized water level and abundant
aquatic ‘weeds’ was the first recorded nestings of the Pied-billed Grebe and Com-
mon Moorhen in the Sugar Creek section of HRA” (fide Ken Dubke). Many small
ponds and marshes remained dry. Despite the drought, most seed and fruit crops
were good.

Several rare species and some unusual concentrations were reported this season,
as well as some notable absences and low numbers. There were good flights of
loons, cormorants, cranes (reports incomplete) and terns; while most ducks and
shorebirds were in low to fair numbers. Thrushes, other than Veery, were in
improved numbers. Vireos and warblers were generally considered to be scarce.
Only one Red-breasted Nuthatch and very few boreal finches indicate an off-year
for these irruptive species.

The region’s two banding stations reported below average capture rates. Chuck
Nicholson banded 644 birds of 60 species in 32 days from 14 August to 6 No-
vember at Norris, while Rick Knight banded 430 birds of 45 species in 41 days
from 2 September to 4 November at Austin Springs. Banding during August and
September was very slow.

Loon-Heron: Red-throated Loon: 5-6 Nov (1) BOL (RLK). Common Loon:
good flight; 21 Oct (3) BOL (BLC, RLK), ers; 29 Oct (37) CRL (RLK); 1 Nov
(135) BOL (BLC), 3rd largest flock ever in JNC-Elizabethton area, max; 19 Nov
(109) CHL (Elena S. Killian). Pied-billed Grebe: 14 Aug/4 Sep (pair with 5 yg)
Sugar Creek, HRA (ARH, RDH/KHD, LHD), rare breeder in east Tennessee; 1 1
Nov (132) CHL (KHD, LHD), max. Horned Grebe: 21 Oct (6) BOL (BLC, RLK),
ers; 24 Nov (58) CHL (KHD), max. Double-crested Cormorant: good flight; 27
Aug (1) KSP (KHD), ers; 1 1 Sep-19 Oct (1-10) AUS (RLK et al.); 16 Sep-5 Nov
(1-19) BOL (BLC, GWS, MD, CFW, RLK); 17 Sep-EOP (1-12) FLL (MLD et
al.); 25 Sep (36) KNC (KTOS), max; 29 Oct (2) CRL (RLK); 17 Nov (1) JNC
(Richard D. Lura). MAGNIFICENT FRIGATEBIRD: 24 Sep (1 ad female, ph)
CRL, Hamblen Co. portion (Joyce Haigh, fide JBO), 1st state record, seen a few
days after Hurrican Gilbert, details to be published. American Bittern: 19 Sep (1)
AUS (RLK); 26 Nov (1) HRA (KHD); only reports. Great Egret: low numbers in

32

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

CHA area due to high lake level, but several reports elsewhere; 4 Oct (31) AUS
(RLK), most ever recorded in JNC area, max; 5/7 Nov (1/1) FLL/HRA (MLD/
RLK, BLC, CFW), Irs. Little Blue Heron: 25-27 Aug (1) NIL (RJH); 28 Aug (1)
McMinn Co. (ARH, RDH); 4 Sep (1) HRA (KHD, LHD). Cattle Egret: 6 Sep (1)
AUS (RLK), only report. Green-backed Heron: 11 Nov (1) HRA (KHD), Irs.
Black-crowned Night-Heron: 7 Aug (15) KSP (KHD); 16-27 Aug (3) NIL (RJH);
25 Aug (75+) CRL (RLK), max; 2 Sep-1 Oct (1-2) AUS (RLK); through 21 Oct
(1-24) BOL (BLC et al.).

Waterfowl: Tundra Swan: 12-26 Nov (1 im) HRA (m. ob.). Snow Goose: 7
Nov-EOP (1-2 blue, 1-6 white) HRA (KHD, LHD et al.); 29 Nov (4 white, 8
blue) WBL (TWRA), max. BRANT: 5-7 Nov (1 im) CHL (KHD, m. ob.), about
the 8th state record. Canada Goose: 9 Nov (1318) CHL & HRA (TWRA), max.
Green-winged Teal: 4 Sep (2) KSP (ARH, RDH), ers; 1 1 Nov (518) HRA (KHD,
LHD), max. American Black Duck: 29 Nov (359) HRA (TWRA), max. Mallard:

29 Nov (629) HRA (TWRA), max. Northern Pintail: 24 Nov (30) HRA (KHD,
LHD), max. Blue-winged Teal: 4 Sep (65) KSP (KHD, LHD), max. Gadwall: 9
Sep (2) KSP (KHD, LHD), ers; 27 Nov (330) CHL (KHD, LHD), max. American
Wigeon: 20 Nov (200) HRA (KHD, LHD), max. Canvasback: 20-26 Nov (18-
30) HRA (KHD, LHD), largest number in CHA area in 10+ years; 28 Nov (5)
BOL (RLK). Redhead: 29 Oct (2) CRL (RLK), ers; 1 Nov (12) BOL (GDE); 1 1/
20 Nov (6/30) HRA (KHD, LHD); 27 Nov (8) CHL (KHD, LHD). Ring-necked
Duck: 20 Nov (1,000) HRA (KHD, LHD), max. Greater Scaup: 24 Nov (40) CHL
(KHD), max. Lesser Scaup: 6 Nov (115/160) CRL/CHL (RLK/KHD, LHD), max.
Common Goldeneye: 24 Nov (5) CHL (KHD), max. Bufflehead: 9 Nov (50) WBL
(TWRA), max. Hooded Merganser: 24 Nov (215) HRA (KHD, LHD), max. Red-
breasted Merganser: 29 Oct (8) CRL (RLK), ers & max. Ruddy Duck: 17 Nov
(18) BOL (RLK), large number for JNC area; 24 Nov (195) CHL (KHD, LHD),
max.

Vulture-Crane: Vulture: 29 Oct (15 Black, 105 Turkey) CRL, Hawkins Co.
portion (RLK), at roost. Osprey: 17 Nov (1) Roane Co. (CPN), Irs. Bald Eagle:

30 Sep (1 im) AUS (RLK); 6 Nov (1 ad, 1 im) CRL (RLK); “several reports from
KNX area lakes” (fide CPN); all sightings should be reported. Northern Harrier:
3 reports in JNC area (RLK); only 1 report in KNX area (fide CPN). Sharp-
shinned & Cooper’s Hawk: near normal numbers reported. NORTHERN GOS-
HAWK: 9 Nov (1 im) Boone’s Creek, WGC (BLC). ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK:
“about Thanksgiving” (1 light phase) junction of 1-81 & 1-181 in Sullivan Co.
(Greg McConnell fide FJA), rare in northeast Tennessee. Peregrine Falcon: 12
Aug (1) Cedar Creek, GNC (Don Holt fide FJA), “diving at herons;” 18 Sep (1)
JNC (RLK), migrating with a kettle of Broad-winged Hawks; 1 Oct (1 im) AUS
(RLK, BLC, JWB); 30 Nov (1) Raccoon Mountain Pumped Storage Station,
Marion Co. (Lenny Kafka). Virginia Rail: 7 Oct (1) AUS (BLC, GWS), only report.
Sora: no reports. COMMON MOORHEN: 7 Aug (1 ad with 4 yg) Sugar Creek,
HRA (MW A), very rare breeder in east Tennessee. American Coot: 1 1 Oct (250)
Norris Lake, Union Co. (CPN), unusually high number there; 11 Nov (1,500)
CHL (KHD, LHD), max. Sandhill Crane: good number of reports from KNX
area (“the best in several years”) 2 Nov-7 Dec (at least 16 flocks totaling about
800 birds) Anderson, Hancock (24 on 7 Dec by Sam Venable is probably 1st
county record), Meigs, Roane, Scott, Sevier Cos. & and KNC (fide CPN); 540
birds during Nov in CUC (RSD); KHD’s annual crane survey not compiled at
this writing, thus other records will be appended to the winter report.

Shorebirds: Lesser Golden-Plover: 20-25 Sep (1) AUS (RLK et al.); 1 Oct (1)
BOL (MD, Joy Kyle). Piping Plover: 19-20 Aug (1) KSP (MWA, Boyd Sharp et

1989

THE SEASON

33

al.); 14-16 Sep (1) Boone Dam, WGC (BLC, RLK et al.), 1st JNC area record.
American Avocet: 28 Aug (1) KSP (RJH); 23 Sep (1) AUS (BLC, MD, GWS,
CFW). Greater Yellowlegs: 1 1 Nov (1) HRA (KHD, LHD), lrs. Spotted Sandpiper:
28 Oct (1) BOL (RLK), lrs. Sanderling: 13 Sep (1) EBF (CPN); 5-6 Nov (1) CHL
(KHD et al.). Semipalmated Sandpiper: 13 Aug (50+) DOL (JAK), max. Western
Sandpiper: 18 Aug (2) EBF (CPN); 23 Sep (4) AUS (BLC, MD, GWS, CFW).
Least Sandpiper: 20 Nov (3) KSP (RLK, JWB), lrs. Baird’s Sandpiper: 15 Sep (1)
KSP (Albert M. Jenkins). Pectoral Sandpiper: 13 Aug (60) DOL (JAK), max; 12
Nov (5) HRA (JSL, BGM, Michael McMahan), lrs. Dunlin: 31 Oct-17 Nov (3)
BOL (BLC et. al.); 5 Nov-EOP (max 82) HRA (KHD, LHD); 20 Nov (6) KSP
(RLK, JWB). Buff-breasted Sandpiper: 18 Aug (2) EBF (Barry Fleming); 27-28
Aug (1) KSP (KHD, LHD, RJH). Short-billed Dowitcher: 27 Aug (1) NIL (RJH);
4 Sep (1) KSP (KDH). Common Snipe: 9 Sep (1) LST (BLC), ers; low numbers
reported. American Woodcock: 1 5 Oct (3) GNC (W. Ruth Nevius).

Gull-Woodpecker: Laughing Gull: 20 Sep (1) CHL (RJH). Bonaparte’s Gull: 29
Oct (1) CRL (RLK), ers. Ring-billed Gull: 25 Aug (12) CRL (RLK); 20 Sep (2)
AUS (RLK), earliest JNC area record ever by 4 days. Herring Gull: 25 Sep (1 ad)
AUS (RLK), ers. BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKE: 30 Nov (1 im) Fort Loudoun
Dam, Loudon Co. (*RC), 7th state record. Caspian Tern: 27 Aug-4 Sep (2) KSP
(KHD, LHD, JAK); 15/26 Sep (1) AUS (RLK); 17 Sep (2) NIL (RJH). Common
Tern: 4 Sep (5) KSP (KHD, LHD); 5 Sep (1) NIL (RJH); 20 Sep (4) CHL (RJH);
24 Sep (96) FLL (MLD), record KNX area count; 5 Nov (1/1) Savannah Bay,
HLC/HRA (KHD, LHD); above average showing. Forster’s Tern: 1 3 Aug (6) BOL
(RLK); 20 Aug-15 Sep (1-10) KSP (m. ob.); 27 Aug (4) CRL (RLK); 25 Sep (1)
AUS (FJA); 15 Oct (1) KSP (ARH); 22 Nov (1) FLL (RC). Black Tern: 19 Aug-

4 Sep (max 50 on 4 Sep) KSP (MWA, ARH et al.); 4 Sep (2/2) LST/AUS (RLK);

5 Sep (1 1) NIL (RJH); 20 Sep (3) CHL (RJH). Black-billed Cuckoo: 16 Sep (1)
BOL (BLC, GWS); 20 Sep (1) AUS (RLK). Common Barn-Owl: yg fledged from
a west KNC nest in mid Aug (fide JBO); fresh pellets regularly collected at 1 JNC
site (FJA); early Nov (2) near Pikeville, Bledsoe Co. (Mark Patterson, TWRA),
roosting in a barn. Common Nighthawk: 30 Sep (130) JNC (RLK), large number
for that date; 4 Nov (1) JNC (RLK), latest ever in JNC area by 5 days. Red-
headed Woodpecker: 27-28 Aug (3) CHA (RJH); 16 Sep-1 Oct (1) BOL (MD,
GWS, CFW, BLC); 1 Oct (1) AUS (RLK, JWB, BLC); 2 Oct (1) Clairborne Co.
(George W. McKinney); 8 Oct (1) GNC (fide Phine Britton).

Flycatcher-Waxwing: Yellow-bellied Flycatcher: 13 Sep (1, b) AUS (RLK).
“Traill’s” Flycatcher: 3-19 Sep (8, b) AUS (RLK), near average. Least Flycatcher:
5-30 Sep (6, b) AUS (RLK), slightly above average. Eastern Kingbird: 4 Sep (40)
HRA (KHD), max. Tree Swallow: 6 Nov (1) FLL (MLD), lrs. Bank Swallow: 13
Aug (25) Nolichucky River, WGC (JWB). Cliff Swallow: 25 Sep (1) AUS (FJA),
lrs. American Crow: 20 Nov (12,000) 1-40 near CUC-Roane Co. line (Douglas
B. McNair), at roost in young pines. Common Raven: 1, 9 Oct (1) AUS (RLK);
10, 11 Oct (1) BOL (BLC); low elevation sightings, probably same bird. Red-
breasted Nuthatch: 15 Nov (1) NOR (CPN), only report. House Wren: 15 Nov
(1) CHA (Robin Rudd), lrs. Marsh Wren: 8 Sep-1 Oct (1-2) AUS (RLK), only
report. Ruby-crowned Kinglet: 2 1 Sep (1) JNC (BLC), ers; good numbers reported.
Veery: 4 b at NOR, half long-term average (CPN). Gray-cheeked Thrush: 20 b
at NOR, slightly above long-term average & well above last 2 years (CPN). Swain-
son’s Thrush: 41 b at NOR, about equal to long-term average & double last year’s
rate (CPN). Hermit Thrush: 16 b at NOR, record high number (CPN); high
numbers present late Oct-Nov in KNX & JNC areas (fide CPN, RLK). American
Robin: 1 Oct (2,100 flying over house in 1 hour at dusk) JNC (RLK), max. Gray

34

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

Catbird: 18 Nov (2) JNC (GWS, CFW, BLC, MD), lrs. Water Pipit: 8 Oct (10)
GNC (JAK), ers. Cedar Waxwing: 27 Aug (1 ad, 2 yg) KSP (KHD, LHD), con-
tinuation of summer breeding invasion.

Vireo-Warbler: White-eyed Vireo: 18 b at NOR, half the long-term average
(CPN); well below average at AUS (RLK). Philadelphia Vireo: 1 8 Sep (1, b), NOR
(CPN); 25 Sep (1) KNC (KTOS); 5 Oct (1) Blount Co. (JAK); 8 Oct (3) GNC
(JAK). Red-eyed Vireo: very low numbers at NOR, especially during Aug when
a notable passage is usually detected (CPN). Orange-crowned Warbler: late Oct
(2 b & 2 other reports) NOR (CPN); 27 Oct (2) CHA (RJH). Yellow Warbler: 6,
9 Sep (2, b) AUS (RLK); 17 Sep (2) KSP (ARH), lrs. Magnolia Warbler: 18 b at
AUS, record high number (RLK). Yellow-rumped Warbler: 29 Sep (3) AUS (RLK),
ers; record high of 55 b at NOR (CPN). Palm Warbler: 5 b at AUS, well below
long-term average (RLK). Cerulean Warbler: 26 Sep (1, b) AUS (RLK), seldom
seen in fall. Ovenbird: 19 Oct (1, b) AUS (RLK), lrs. Northern Waterthrush: 7 b
at AUS, about average (RLK). Mourning Warbler: 2-1 1 Sep (3, b) AUS (RLK),
above average. Common Yellowthroat: 3 Nov (1) AUS (RLK), lrs. Wilson’s
Warbler: 7-30 Sep (7, b) AUS (RLK), above average; 14 Sep (1) CUC (RSD).
Canada Warbler: 24 Sep (1) CHA (RJH), lrs.

Bunting-Grosbeak: Indigo Bunting: 1 6 Aug (nest with 3 small yg) Jonesborough,
WGC (RLK), rather late. Vesper Sparrow: 1 Oct/29 Oct-4 Nov (1/2-4) AUS
(RLK); 12 Nov (1) HRA (BGM). Savannah Sparrow: 4 Sep (3) LST (RLK), ers.
Grasshopper Sparrow: 1 Oct (1) AUS (RLK, BLC, JWB), lrs. SHARP-TAILED
SPARROW: 1 Oct (1) AUS (RLK, BLC, JWB). Lincoln’s Sparrow: 26 Sep- 19
Oct (7, b) AUS (RLK), above average; 1 1 Nov (1) Telford, WGC (BLC, GWS),
latest ever in JNC area by 2 days; 23 Nov (1) CHA (RJH). Swamp Sparrow: 23
Sep (1) AUS (GWS, CFW, MD, BLC), ers; 32 b at AUS, about average (RLK).
White-throated Sparrow: 29 Sep (1, b) AUS (RLK), ers. White-crowned Sparrow:
15 Oct (1) LST (BLC), ers. Bobolink: 30 Aug (5) EBF (CPN), ers; low numbers
in KNX & JNC areas (fide CPN, RLK). Purple Finch: 10 Oct (10) BOL (BLC),
ers; very scarce. Pine Siskin: 30 Nov (2) Signal Mountain, HLC (JSL), only report.
Evening Grosbeak: no reports.

Addenda: Merlin: 1 spent winter of 1987-88 at Kingsport (George Larkin, ph.
fide FJA).

Locations: AUS— Austin Springs, Washington Co.; BOL— Boone Lake, Sullivan
& Washington Cos.; CHA— Chattanooga; CHL— Chickamauga Lake, mainly
Hamilton Co.; CRL— Cherokee Lake, Hamblen & Hawkins Cos. portion; CUC—
Cumberland Co.; DOL— Douglas Lake, Jefferson and Cocke Cos., EBF— Eagle
Bend Fish Hatchery, Anderson Co.; FLL— Fort Loudoun Lake, mostly Knox Co.;
GNC— Greene Co.; HLC— Hamilton Co.; HRA— Hiwassee River Area, primarily
Meigs Co., but also Bradley, McMinn & Rhea Cos; JNC— Johnson City; KNC—
Knox Co.; KNX— Knoxville; KSP— Kingston Steam Plant, Roane Co.; LST—
Limestone, Washington Co.; NIL— Nickajack Lake, Hamilton Co.; NOR— Norris,
Anderson Co.; WBL— Watts Bar Lake, Rhea & Roane Cos.; WGC— Washington
Co.

Richard L. Knight, 804 North Hills Drive, Johnson City, TN 37604.

EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION— Total rainfall for this 4-month period was
near normal for the months involved, but the overall year’s precipitation was still
about 1 0 inches below normal. Temperatures in August and September were hotter
than average, but October and November were normal. The first killing frost for
the area came on 8 October, which is average for the period.

1989

THE SEASON

35

Sightings of birds of prey were more numerous than average, while waterfowl
and shorebird sightings were considered below average. The winter finch arrival
had not materialized by the end of the period (which is unusual) and only a very
few scattered reports were received by this compiler.

Loon-Eagle : Common Loon: 6 Nov (18) WATL (GDE); 13 Nov (7) WATL
(GOW). Pied-billed Grebe: 18 Sep (1) Ripshin Lake, CRC (GDE), ers. Double-
crested Cormorant: 20 Oct (14) flying over Buffalo Mtn., WGC and 18 Nov (1)
WATL (BLC et al.) Great Egret: 31 Aug (1) WATR (GOW). Tundra Swan: 30
Oct-8 Nov (1) WATR (GDE et al.). American Black Duck: 20 Nov (2) WIBL
(GOW), ers, later than normal. American Wigeon: 21 Oct-EOP (3-5) WATR
(GDE & CFW). Ring-necked Duck: 5 Nov (7) WIBL (GOW), ers. Lesser Scaup:
6-8 Nov (2) WIBL (GDE & CFW), ers. Bufflehead: 1 Nov (2) WIBL (GDE), ers.
Hooded Merganser: 6 Nov (6) WATR (GOW); 18 Nov (4-5) WATR & Ripshin
Lake, CRC (CFW). Black Vulture: 25 Sep (1) Eliz (GDE); 24 Oct (3) Siam Valley,
CRC (CFW). 27 Oct (3) WIBL (GDE). Turkey Vulture: 10 Oct (1,000 + ) Town-
send, BLC (Hedy Woods). Osprey: 30 Nov (1) WATL (RLK), late. Northern
Harrier: 1 Oct (3) Eliz (LHTOS); 14 Oct (1) Buffalo Mtn. (BLC); 22 Oct (1) RzFm
(GDE). Bald Eagle: 29 Sep (1) Look Rock, BLC (ARH); 22 Nov (1) RM (BLC).

Hawk-Swallow: Sharp-shinned Hawk: 8 separate reports during period, which
is about average. Cooper’s Hawk: 5 separate reports, which is average. NORTH-
ERN GOSHAWK: 15 Aug (1) RM (Tom Laughlin); 2 Sep (1) Bristol (GDE); 1
Oct (1) Ripshin Mtn., CRC (FJA); 11 Nov (1) WATL (DJS). Red-shouldered
Hawk: 3 Nov (2) Buffalo Mtn. (BLC). Broad-winged Hawk: 19 Sep (206) Buffalo
Mtn. (BLC); 1 9 Sep ( 1 00) Erwin, Unicoi Co. (GWS). MERLIN: 1 1 Oct ( 1 ) Milligan
College, WGC (GOW & Richard D. Lura). PEREGRINE FALCON: 24 Sep (1)
Look Rock, BLC (RC, DJS); 29 Sep (1) Look Rock, BLC (ARH). Sanderling: 27
Aug (1) RC (FJA). Semipalmated Sandpiper: 21-27 Aug (1-3) RC (RLK, FJA).
Western Sandpiper: 27 Aug (1) RC (FJA). Least Sandpiper: 21 Aug (2) RC (RLK).
BAIRD’S SANDPIPER: 27 Aug (2) RC (FJA). Caspian Tern: 21 Aug (1) RC
(RLK). Barred Owl: 3 1 Aug-8 Oct (1 regular) Hunter, CRC (GOW et al.). Common
Nighthawk: 27 Aug (1) Grassy Ridge, RM, 1860 m elevation (EHS); 14 Oct (2)
Gatlinburg (Michael Owens), late. Ruby-throated Hummingbird: 12 Oct (1) Eliz
(GDE), lrs. Red-headed Woodpecker: 24 Sep (4) Look Rock, BLC (ARH, RC).
Purple Martin: 23 Sep (1) Eliz (GDE); 24 Sep (1) Look Rock, BLC (ARH), both
very late sightings. Northern Rough-winged Swallow: 22 Sep (2) RM, 1,765 m
elevation (RLK).

Raven-Vireo: Common Raven: 1-5 regular on RM during period (LHTOS).
Red-breasted Nuthatch: small numbers present on RM throughout period (LHTOS).
Brown Creeper: 1 Oct (1) Unicoi Co. (GWS, SG), ers. Veery: 10 Sep (1) RM
(GOW), lrs. Grey-cheeked Thrush: 26 Sep-9 Oct (5 separate sightings) Eliz area
(LHTOS). Swainson’s Thrush: very numerous during entire period; 1 Oct (60)
Eliz Fall Count (LHTOS). Hermit Thrush: 20 Oct (4) Buffalo Mtn. (RLK), ers.
Water Pipit: 22 Nov (2) RM (RLK). Cedar Waxwing: 10 Sep (2 ad feeding 3 yg)
Heaton Creek, RM (RLK), late breeding record. Loggerhead Shrike: 8 Nov (1)
Eliz (GOW). SOLITARY VIREO: 14 Oct (1 ad with downy yg) Clingmans Dome,
Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Michael Owens), a very late breeding
record (details should be published— ed.). Philadelphia Vireo: 1 Oct (2) RM (FJA).

Warbler-Grosbeak: Blue-winged Warbler: 10 Sep (1) RMSP (LHTOS). Golden-
winged Warbler: 10 Sep (1) RMSP (LHTOS), lrs. ORANGE-CROWNED WAR-
BLER: 1 Oct (1) RM (FJA). Black-throated Green Warbler: 20 Oct (2) Buffalo
Mtn. (RLK), lrs. Palm Warbler: 10 Sep (1) RM (LHTOS), ers. Canada Warbler:
19 Sep (1) Erwin, Unicoi Co. (GWS), lrs. Blue Grosbeak: 1 Oct (1) Heaton Creek,

36

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

RM (FJA), lrs. Chipping Sparrow: 21 Nov (3) Eliz (GDE), lrs. Northern Oriole:
1 Oct (1) Eliz (Lois Herndon), lrs. Purple Finch: very scarce during end of Nov
(LHTOS). Red Crossbill: 9 Nov (2) Buffalo Mtn. (RLK). Pine Siskin: 29 Oct (3)
Townsend, BLC (JBO). Evening Grosbeak: 29 Nov (2-4) Pigeon Forge, Sevier
Co. (JBO).

Locations: BLC— Blount Co.; CRC— Carter Co.; Eliz— Elizabethton area; RC—
Roans Creek, Johnson Co.; RM— Roan Mountain, Carter Co.; RMSP— Roan
Mountain S.P., Carter Co.; RzFm— Razor Farm, Carter Co.; WATL— Watauga
Lake, Carter Co.; WATR— Watauga River, Carter Co.; WGC— Washington Co.;
WIBL- Wilbur Lake, Carter Co.

Glen D. Eller, Route 9, Box 1340, Elizabethton, TN 37643.

OBSERVERS

JCA— Jan C. Alexander
FJA -Fred J. Alsop, III
MWA— Marc W. Armstrong
DPB— Diane P. Bean
DWB- Donald W. Blunk
JWB— James W. Brooks
CHB— Carolyn H. Bullock
WGC— William G. Chriswell
RC- Richard Clark
LCC— Lula C. Coffey
DTC— Dot T. Crawford
JPC— J. Paul Crawford
BLC— Brian L. Cross
DAD— Dollyann Daily
MLD— Marcia L. Davis
CND— Chris N. DeBold
CRD— C. Rowan DeBold
MD— Martha Dillenbeck
RSD— Roger S. Doxsey
CGD— C. Gerald Drewery, Jr.
KHD— Kenneth H. Dubke
LHD— Lillian H. Dubke
GDE— Glen D. Eller
SG- Sally Goodin
RCH— Robbie C. Hassler
AHH— Anne H. Heilman
RJH— R. John Henderson
FDH— F. D. Hernandez
MDH— Marguerite D. Hernandez
ARH-Audrey R. Hoff
RDH — Ron D. Hoff
WNJ— William N. Jemigan
RLK— Richard L. Knight
JAK-Jon A. Koella

HCK- Hazel C. Kramer
LFK— Lee F. Kramer
SLL— Selma L. Lewis
ARL— Anne R. Lochridge
OBL— O. Bedford Lochridge
JSL— Jonnie Sue Lyons
GRM— George R. Mayfield, Jr.

BGM— Barbara G. McMahan
RYN— Richard Y. Newton
CPN— Charles P. Nicholson
JBO— J. B. Owen
VBR— Virginia B. Reynolds
JCR— John C. Robinson
EHS- Edward H. Schell
DJS— Damien J. Simbeck
RWS— Richard W. Simmers, Jr.

CAS— Christopher A. Sloan
NMS— Noreen M. Smith
VJS-V. Joe Stone
GWS— Glen W. Swofford
DFV— David F. Vogt
MGW— Martha G. Waldron
GOW-Gary O. Wallace
CFW-C. Frank Ward
BHW- Barbara H. Wilson
JRW— Jeff R. Wilson
TJW— Terry J. Witt
KTOS— Knoxville Chapter, TOS
LHTOS— Lee R. Herndon Chapter, TOS
MTOS— Memphis Chapter, TOS
NTOS— Nashville Chapter, TOS
TWR A— Tennessee Wildlife Resources
Agency

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

The Migrant records observations and studies of birds in Tennessee and adjacent
areas. Most articles are written by members of the Tennessee Ornithological
Society.

SUBMISSIONS: The original and, if feasible, two copies of the manuscript
should be sent to the Editor: T. David Pitts, Biology Department, University of
Tennessee at Martin, Martin, TN 38238. Manuscripts that have been published
in other journals should not be submitted.

MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee
ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, and scientifically accurate.

STYLE: Both articles and short notes are solicited; recent issues of The Migrant
should be used as a guide in the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail
is needed, reference should be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals',
this book is available at many public libraries and from the American Institute
of Biological Sciences, 1401 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209.

COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8.5 x 11" paper with
adequate margins for editorial notations. Tables should be prepared on separate
sheets with appropriate title and column headings. Photographs intended for re-
production should be sharp with good contrast on glossy white paper; black and
white photographs will usually reproduce better than color photographs. Weights,
measurements, and distances should be in metric units. Dates should be in “con-
tinental” form (e.g., 16 March 1968). Use the 24-hour clock (e.g., 0500 or 1900).

NOMENCLATURE: The common and scientific names of a species should
be given the first time it is mentioned. The scientific name should be underlined.
Names should follow the A.O.U. Check-list of North American Birds (1 983 edition
or subsequent supplements).

TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive.

ABSTRACT: Manuscripts of five or more typed pages should include an ab-
stract. The abstract should be less than 5% of the length of the manuscript. It
should include a brief explanation of why the research was done, the major results,
and why the results are important.

LITERATURE CITED: List all literature citations in a Literature Cited section
at the end of the text. Text citations should include the author and year.

IDENTIFICATION: Manuscripts including reports of rare or unusual species
or of species at atypical times will be reviewed by the TOS Certification Com-
mittee before publication in The Migrant. Verifying evidence should include: date,
time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment,
distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic
markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying the identification, and
reference works consulted.

REPRINTS: Reprints are available to authors on request. Billing to authors
will be through the TOS Treasurer.

SEASON REPORTS: Observations that are to be considered for publication
in The Season section should be mailed to the appropriate Regional Compiler.
Consult a recent issue of The Migrant for the name and address of the compilers.

CONTENTS

A CONCENTRATION OF BEWICK’S WRENS IN STEWART
COUNTY, TENNESSEE

John C. Robinson 1

VERMILION FLYCATCHER IN UPPER EAST TENNESSEE
Richard L. Knight 4

FIRST EVIDENCE OF NORTHERN SAW- WHET OWLS NEST-
ING IN TENNESSEE

George W. McKinney and J. B. Owen 5

BLACK SCOTERS AND WHITE- WINGED CROSSBILL IN
MIDDLE TENNESSEE

Donald W. Blunk 6

BOOK REVIEWS

Ben B. Coffey , Jr 7

Paul B. Hamel 8

Charles P. Nicholson 8

MINUTES OF THE FALL 1988 TOS BOARD OF DIRECTORS
MEETING AND SYMPOSIUM

John C. Robinson 10

THE 1988 CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT
Damien J. Simbeck 13

THE SEASON— Fall: 1 August-30 November 1988
John C. Robinson 24

Western Coastal Plain Region. Martha G. Waldron 25

Highland Rim and Basin Region. David F. Vogt 27

Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. Richard L. Knight 31

Eastern Mountain Region. Glen D. Eller 34

Observers 36

[VOL. 60, 1989]

ACTUAL MAILING DATE: 11 JANUARY 1990

ISSN 0026-3575

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)L. 60, NO. 2

THE MIGRANT

A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY

FIRST ISSUE PUBLISHED IN JUNE 1930

Published by

THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Founded at Nashville, Tennessee on 7 October 1915
The T.O.S. is a non-profit, educational, scientific,
and conservation organization.

EDITORIAL STAFF

Editor — T. David Pitts, Biology Dept. UTM, Martin, TN 38238
State Count Compiler — Damien J. Simbeck, Box 3A, Route 2, Loretto,

TN 38469

Season Editor — John Robinson, P.O. Box 1024, Hayward, WI 54843

OFFICERS FOR 1989-1991

President — Barbara Finney, P.O. Box 11667, Knoxville, TN 37919
Vice Presidents:

East Tenn. — J.B. Owen, 2324 Antietam Road, Knoxville, TN 37917
Middle Tenn. — Portia MacMillan, 3201 Overlook Drive, Nashville,
TN 37212

West Tenn. — Virginia Reynolds, 4241 Waymar Dr., Memphis, TN
38117

Directors-at-Large :

East Tenn. — Dee Eiklor, Rt. 11, Box 178, Gray, TN 37615
Middle Tenn. — David Snyder, Biology Department, Austin Peay
State University, Clarksville, TN 37044
West Tenn. — John R. Conder, P.O. Box 443, Camden, TN 38320
Curator — James T. Tanner, 417 Switzerland Dr., Knoxville, TN 37920
Secretary — Nancy Tanner, 417 Switzerland Dr., Knoxville, TN 37920
Treasurer — George R. Payne, P.O. Box 371648, Memphis, TN 38184

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Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December).

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Copyright © 1990 by the Tennessee Ornithological Society

THE MIGRANT

Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society,
to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee.

Issued in March, June, September, and December.

VOL. 60 JUNE 1989 NO. 2

The Migrant, 60(2):37-45, 1989

REELFOOT LAKE, TENNESSEE:

SUMMER AND EARLY FALL BIRD OCCURRENCE, 1987

Robert P. Ford

Tennessee Department of Conservation

460 Ozier Road
Pinson, TN 38366

In the early 1900’s, bird species lists based on a season’s study at Reelfoot Lake were
occasionally published (e.g., Crook 1935, Ganier 1933, Pindar 1889, Whittemore
1937). However, recent records of summer bird life at Reelfoot have been published
sporadically and are generally based on isolated, individual observations (e.g.,
Waldron 1987a). Pitts (1985) and work on the Tennessee Breeding Bird Atlas
Project have recently provided more complete listings, although these were based
on only a few visits during the breeding season. The purposes of this paper are to
provide a list of birds found at Reelfoot Lake during summer and early fall of 1987,
and to document relative abundance of each species. This information will permit
a comparison with birds noted there during the early 1900’s, and will provide
baseline ecological data for future comparisons.

STUDY AREA

Reelfoot Lake lies in Lake and Obion Counties in northwest Tennessee. Some
adjacent wetlands lie in Fulton County in southwest Kentucky. The lake was
formed by a series of earthquakes on the New Madrid fault during the winter of
1811-1812. Presently, approximately 10,000 ha of the lake and surrounding forest
are in government ownership. The lake is managed by three governmental agencies,
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the Tennessee Wildlife Resources
Agency (TWRA), and the Tennessee Department of Conservation (TDOC).

Of the 10,000 ha encompassing Reelfoot Lake, approximately 5600 are open
water. The remainder is bottomland hardwood forest, swamp forest and marsh.
Dominant canopy species present in forested communities are typical of lower
Mississippi River Valley wetlands. These species include baldcypress ( Taxodium
distichum ), swamp chestnut oak ( Quercus michauxii ), sweetgum ( Liquidamber
styracifolia), hackberry ( Celtis occidentalis), and cottonwood ( Populus deltoides).
Early botanical investigations of the area include Hazard (1933), Davis (1937), and
Gersbacher and Norton (1939). The most recent botanical survey was by Guthrie
(1987). Surrounding private land use is predominantly agricultural production.

37

38

THE MIGRANT

JUNE

METHODS

I made 68 trips onto the lake and into the surrounding forests from 11 June
to 13 September 1987. Trips were made during all types of weather conditions,
from approximately 0730 to 1300 CST. However, incidental observations were
made at all hours. Forty-one (60%) of the trips were on pontoon boats along the
Reelfoot Lake State Park boat routes; the boats departed from the Ellington
Assembly Hall boat dock, travelled across the east end of Blue Basin, through
Willow Bar Cutoff into Lost Pond, through Donaldson Ditch, along the southwest
edge of Caney Island and Green Island, and returned to Ellington Hall. During the
boat trips the boat engine was running most of the time; the noise of the engine
may have prevented me from detecting some individuals. Although the boat roads
cover a diversity of habitat types, most of the habitat covered is open water or open
baldeypress forest. Most other areas of the lake were visited by boat and/or foot on
the remaining 27 trips. These areas included marsh, bottomland hardwood and
swamp forests, open water and edge habitats. An average of four days per week
was spent in the field, ranging from two days per week (occurred twice) to six days
per week (occurred twice). The trips were distributed monthly as follows: June —
14; July — 20; August — 17; September — 17.

During trips, bird species and numbers of individuals were constantly recorded on
a checklist. Extremely high numbers of individuals and mobility of some species (e.g.,
flocking swallows) made counts unreliable on some trips. On these occasions,
species were noted only as present or absent. During compilation of data, these notes
were not included in the total number of individuals or the average number of
individuals per trip, but they were included in the number of trips observed. Daily listing
provided an accurate portrayal of species occurrence over an extended period of time,
a crude index of relative abundance of common species, and occurrence of rare species.

RESULTS

More than 11,000 individuals of 88 bird species were observed (Appendix 1).
Thirty-six species were summer residents, 34 were permanent residents, 10 were
winter residents, and 8 were transients (residency status follows Waldron 1987b;
Pitts unpublished). The most common orders represented were Passeriformes (39
species), Charadriiformes (9 species), Ciconiiformes (7 species), Falconiformes (7
species), and Piciformes (6 species).

Seven species were represented by more than 400 individuals during the course
of the study, ranging from 405 Purple Martins (scientific names in Appendix 1) to
1864 Great Blue Herons. Because of repitition of counts on boat routes, individuals
of some species were undoubtedly counted twice. Totals, therefore, reflect the same
individual for some species (e.g. Osprey), and average per trip is a more accurate
indicator of abundance. Six species were recorded on 60 or more trips, ranging
from Red-bellied Woodpecker on 60 trips to Common Grackle, American Crow,
and Great Blue Heron on 65 trips. Five species were recorded only once during the
course of the study. This information is summarized in Table 1.

DISCUSSION

Reelfoot Lake has long been subject to ornithological investigation, with all
observers listing a relatively high species richness. Pindar (1889) was perhaps the
first to compile a species list for the area, listing 183 species for all seasons.

1989

REELFOOT LAKE

39

Table 1. Bird species with over 400 total individuals recorded, bird species
seen on 60 or more trips and bird species seen only once on Reelfoot
Lake, 1987.

Species

Species

Species

>400 individuals

Seen >60 trips

Seen once

Great Blue Heron

1864

Great Blue Heron

65

Black-crowned Night-Heron

Tree Swallow

863

American Crow

65

Green-winged Teal

Wood Duck

674

Common Grackle

65

King Rail

Common Grackle

644

Red-winged Blackbird

63

Broad-winged Hawk

Red-winged Blackbird

630

Carolina Wren

62

Brown Creeper

Rough-winged Swallow

415

Red-bellied Woodpecker 60

Red-breasted Nuthatch

Purple Martin

405

Whittemore’s (1937) summer study listed 116 species. More recently, Pitts (1985)
compiled the Tennessee Ornithological Society’s 1984 foray results. These observers
listed 154 species on one May and one June weekend. I listed 88 species in my
study (Appendix 1).

There are two logistical reasons for my study showing such a low number of
species. First, all other authors include species found in habitats surrounding the
lake, (e.g., Northern Bobwhite ( Colinus virginianus) and Dickcissel ( Spiza americana)).
I did not include records of species seen off the lake. Second, others have concentrated
more effort towards interior forest species. Because of the amount of time I spent on the
boat routes, my records show a disproportionate occurrence of open water or edge species
as compared to interior forest species.

I have grouped species into four categories for discussion. These are: (1) common
and expected species; (2) “neglected” species; (3) species with unexpected occurances
(by date); and (4) rare species (i.e., state or federally endangered). Pitts (1985) made
a thorough comparison of the 1984 foray results with the results of Pindar (1889)
and Whittemore (1937); therefore, I will not.

Common and expected species

Great Blue Herons are one of the most abundant species on the lake and certainly
the most abundant Ciconiiform. Individuals commonly feed from exposed or
submerged stumps. The heronry at Reelfoot Lake (Pitts 1982) is increasing in size
every year (James Cox, Park Ranger, Reelfoot Lake State Park, pers. comm.). I
visited the heronry on 26 June 1987. During my stay at least 11 (eleven) fish were
regurgitated by birds in the colony. Seven of the fish were shad, three were crappie,
and one was unidentified.

By the end of June many of the young fledged and began foraging with adults
in Blue Basin. Numbers of individuals on Blue Basin gradually increased through
the summer. I made counts with a 20x scope of Great Blue Herons on Blue Basin
and found 128 on 26 July, 122 on 2 August, 224 on 23 August, 113 on 29 August,
and 213 on 6 September. Other common species occurring at Reelfoot are listed in
Table 1 (>400 individuals).

40

THE MIGRANT

JUNE

Neglected species

At least 17 species were under-represented in this study, encompassing six
species of rails and 11 species of interior forest residents and migrants. Both groups
were neglected because of logistical constraints. Although I was often in the right
habitat, time did not allow for extensive searches. American Coots were observed
on several dates in June and July around Forked Pond and Willow Bar Cutoff. In
July, I observed on juvenile foraging with an adult. King Rails were observed on one
date only, 15 September. Pitts (1985) emphasized the need for more study on all
rail species found at Reelfoot Lake. Interior forest species were neglected as well.
Most time spent birding in the interior forest was well after breeding season, when most
species were quiet. Little time was spent in the interior forest during fall migration.

Species on unexpected dates

Six species occurred on unexpected dates. These were Common Tern, Ring-billed
Gull, Herring Gull, Brown Creeper, Northern Harrier, and Double-crested Cormorant.
Common Terns are fairly common transients in northwest Tennessee (Pitts unpublished).
Five individuals were observed on 27 June. Prior to this observation, the latest early
summer observation in west Tennessee was 3 June (Martha Waldron, pers. comm.).
Ring-billed and Herring Gull observations in August were also unexpected. One
Ring-billed Gull was observed on 23 August and 2 Herring Gulls were seen on 19 August.
Both species are winter residents, typically arriving in Tennessee in October.

I observed one Brown Creeper in Old Cranetown on 11 June. This species is
increasing its range in the Mississippi River Valley (Peterjohn 1985). One breeding
record (Chriswell 1979) and several nesting season records (Ford 1987a) have
occurred in west Tennessee the last few years. However, breeding season status of
this species in west Tennessee remains unclear. One Northern Harrier was observed
by Wally Cook and Charles Gagen on 7 July. This may be the only July record for
this species in west Tennessee.

Double-crested Cormorants once nested commonly at Reelfoot Lake (Whittemore
1937). The last known nest was in 1960 in Old Cranetown (TWRA file “Reelfoot
Lake”). In 1987 one cormorant was observed by TWRA personnel at Big Ronaldson
Slough on 15 June. One other observation of possibly nesting individuals was on
27 June in Upper Blue Basin (Ford 1987b).

Rare species

Three species that are designated as either state (Tennessee) or federally endangered
were observed. These are Least Tern (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1985), Bald
Eagle (federally endangered), and Mississippi Kite (state endangered). Least Terns
nest on exposed sandbars in the Mississippi River. Open water areas of Reelfoot
Lake were an important feeding area throughout the summer. I observed them on
47 of 68 trips, with a high count of 21 individuals on 2 August. During August,
adults and young were observed on the lake on all but two days. None were seen
on the lake in September.

Bald Eagles nested at Reelfoot Lake until 1960. Since that time the species has
suffered population declines nationwide. The TWRA began a hacking project at
Reelfoot Lake in 1981. In 1987, one adult was observed at Caney Island on 9 and
14 August and again on 15 September. One immature, thought to be a three-year
old, was observed at the hacking towers on 15 August (Paul Harris, pers. comm.).

1989

REELFOOT LAKE

41

Sixteen Mississippi Kites were seen on 11 trips from 18 June to 30 August. All
observations involved birds soaring or actively foraging from tree top level.

Other species observed that are listed by Eagar and Hatcher (undated) as
threatened, in need of management, or of special concern are: Pied-billed Grebe,
Double-crested Cormorant, Anhinga, Great Blue Heron, Great Egret, Little Blue
Heron, Black-crowned Night-Heron, Yellow-crowned Night-Heron, Cattle Egret,
Red-shouldered Hawk, Northern Harrier, American Coot, Fish Crow, Red-headed
Woodpecker, and Swainson’s Warbler.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thank several people for their assistance in this study. The
personnel at Reelfoot Lake State Park were supportive of the work and contributed
frequently to bird records. These people include Eddie Wilbanks, David Haggard,
Wally Cook, Michael Walton, Jimmy Cox, and Steve Pardue. TWRA personnel,
especially Paul Brown and Jim Johnson, were also helpful. Visitors to the lake often
made helpful contributions; these people include Jim and Ann Nance, Paul Harris,
and Kelly Christensen. I would also like to thank Martha Waldron and Dr. Ralph
Dimmick for their review of an early draft of this paper.

LITERATURE CITED

Crook, C. 1935. The birds of late summer on Reelfoot Lake. J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 10:1-18.
Chriswell, W.G. 1979. Brown Creepers nesting in west Tennessee. Migrant 50:81-82.
Davis Jr., J.H. 1937. Aquatic plant communities of Reelfoot Lake. J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 12:96-103.
Eagar, D., and R. Hatcher, undated. Tennessee’s rare wildlife, volume 1: the vertebrates.

Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville.

Ford, R.P. 1987a. Summary of recent Brown Creeper observations in west Tennessee.
Migrant 58:51-52.

Ford, R.P. 1987b. The breeding of Double-crested Cormorants in Tennessee. The Atlas
Observer 1(2):6.

Gamer, A.F. 1933. Water birds of Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee. Tenn. Avifauna No. 2, Nashville.
Gersbacher, E.O. and E.M. Norton. 1939. A typical plant succession at Reelfoot Lake.
J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 14:230-238.

Guthrie, M. 1987. The rare plants and flora of Reelfoot Lake. Tenn. Department of
Conservation, Nashville.

Hazard, J.O. 1933. The trees of the Reelfoot Lake region. J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 8:55-60.
Peterjohn, B.G. 1985. The changing season. American Birds 38:1025.

Pindar, L.O. 1889. List of the birds of Fulton county, Kentucky. Auk 6:310-316.

Pindar, L.O. 1925. Birds of Fulton county, Kentucky. Wilson Bull. 37:77-88, 163-169.
Pms, T.D. unpublished. A preliminary list of northwest Tennessee birds. University of
Tennessee, Martin.

Pitts, T.D. 1982. Establishment of a new heron and egret colony at Reelfoot Lake,
Tennessee. Migrant 53:63-64.

Pitts, T.D. 1985. The breeding birds of Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee. Migrant 56(2):29-41.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1985. Interior population of the Least Tern determined
to be endangered. Federal Register 50:21784-21792.

Waldron, M.G. 1987a. The season — western coastal plain region. Migrant 58:19-21,
52-54, 92-93.

Waldron, M.G. 1987b. Seasonal occurrences of Shelby county, Tennessee birds. Tennessee
Ornithological Society, Memphis.

Whittemore, W.L. 1937. Summer birds of Reelfoot Lake. J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 12:114-128.
Accepted 27 December 1988.

42

THE MIGRANT

JUNE

Appendix 1 . Bird species occurrence on Reelfoot Lake based on 68 trips from June
11 through September 30, 1987, including number of trips observed,
total number of individuals, average number per trip, and residency
status.

Species

Number
of trips1

Total

2

individuals

Average
per trip3

Inclusive dates
(status)4

Pied-billed Grebe

2

2

.03

8/10, 9/25 (PR)

(. Podilymbus podiceps)
Double-crested Cormorant

31

155

2.28

6/15-9/30 (T)

( Phalacrocorax auritus )
Anhinga

5

8

.21

6/18-7/2 (SR)

{Anhinga anhinga)
Great Blue Heron

65

1864

27.41

6/11-9/30 (PR)

( Ardea herodias )
Great Egret

37

127

1.87

6/11-9/30 (SR)

( Casmerodius albus)
Little Blue Heron

23

52

.76

6/11-9/4 (SR)

( Egretta caerulea )
Cattle Egret

3

48

.71

7/25, 8/1, 9/13 (SR)

( Bubulcus ibis)
Green-backed Heron

24

62

.91

6/21-9/16 (SR)

(Butorides striatus)
Black-crowned Night-Heron

1

1

.01

9/11 (SR)

( Nycticorax nycticorax)
Yellow-crowned Night-Heron

5

6

.09

6/15-9/13 (SR)

{Nycticorax violaceus)
Wood Duck

53

674

9.92

6/12-9/30 (PR)

{Aix sponsa)
Green-winged Teal

2

4

.01

9/12, 9/13 (WR)

{Anas crecca)
Mallard

56

317

4.66

6/11-7/30 (PR)

{Anas platyrhynchos)
Blue-winged Teal

9

166

2.44

8/9-9/30 (WR)

{Anas discors)
Gadwall

2

22

.32

9/3-9/13 (WR)

{Anas strepera)
American Wigeon

1

18

.26

9/25 (WR)

{Anas americana)
Osprey

24

60

.88

6/20-9/30 (SR)

{Pandion haliaetus)
Mississippi Kite

11

16

.24

6/18-8/30 (SR)

{Ictinia mississippiensis)
Bald Eagle

4

4

.06

8/9-9/15 (WR)

{Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
Northern Harrier

1

1

.01

6/18 (WR)

{Circus cyaneus)
Red-shouldered Hawk

34

46

.68

6/16-9/25 (PR)

{Buteo lineatus)
Broad-winged Hawk

1

1

.01

8/13 (SR)

( Buteo Platypterus )

1989

REELFOOT LAKE

43

Appendix 1. Continued

Number

Total Average

Inclusive dates

Species

of trips

individuals per trip

(status)

Red-tailed Hawk
(Buteo jamaicensis )

3

4

.06

6/19-8/31 (PR)

Wild Turkey

( Meleagris gallopavo)

3

8

.12

6/9— 7/2 (PR)

King Rail

( Rallus elegans )

1

1

.01

9/15 (SR)

American Coot

( Fulica americana )

18

52

.76

6/19-9/30 (PR)

Killdeer

(i Charadrius vociferus )

12

55

.81

6/11-9/13 (PR)

American Woodcock
{Scolopax minor )

2

3

.04

9/3-9/15 (PR)

Ring-billed Gull

{Larus delawarensis )

3

12

.18

8/23-9/19 (WR)

Herring Gull

{Larus argentatus )

1

2

.03

8/19 (WR)

Caspian Tern
( Sterna caspia)

10

17

.25

8/9-9/30 (T)

Common Tern
{Sterna hirundo )

3

13

.19

6/27, 8/8, 8/9 (T

Forster’s Tern
{Sterna forsteri )

6

25

.37

8/14-9/25 (T)

Least Tern

(Sterna antillarum )

47

133

.96

6/11-8/30 (SR)

Black Tern

{Childonias niger )

10

58

.85

7/23-8/23 (T)

Mourning Dove

{Zenaida macroura )

20

62

.91

6/11-9/15 (PR)

Yellow-billed Cuckoo
{Coccyzus americanus )

41

70

1.03

6/11-9/15 (SR)

Great Horned Owl
{Bubo virginianus)

3

5

.07

9/13-9/20 (PR)

Barred Owl
{Strix varia)

25

48

.71

6/11-9/16 (PR)

Chimney Swift

{Chaetura pelagica )

25

92

1.35

6/11-9/15 (SR)

Ruby-throated Hummingbird
{Archilochus colubris )

35

45

.66

6/11-9/15 (SR)

Belted Kingfisher
{Ceryle alcyon )

40

84

1.24

6/11-9/30 (PR)

Red-headed Woodpecker

{Melanerpes erythrocephalus )

33

64

.94

6/16-9/13 (PR)

Red-bellied Woodpecker
{Melanerpes carolinus )

60

171

2.51

6/11-9/23 (PR)

Downy Woodpecker
{Picoides pubescens )

55

201

3.01

6/11-9/25 (PR)

Hairy Woodpecker
{Picoides villosus )

8

7

.10

7/26-9/13 (PR)

44

THE MIGRANT

JUNE

Appendix 1. Continued

Species

Number
of trips

Total

individuals

Average
per trip

Inclusive dates
(status)

Northern Flicker
( Colaptes auratus )

8

8

.12

7/1-9/25 (PR)

Pileated Woodpecker
( Dryocopus pileatus )

52

108

1.59

6/11-9/30 (PR)

Eastern Wood-pewee
(Contopus virens)

53

92

1.35

6/15-9/24 (SR)

Acadian Flycatcher
( Empidonax virescens )

44

109

1.60

6/11-9/25 (SR)

Great Crested Flycatcher
( Myiarchus crinitus )

29

75

1.10

6/11-9/13 (SR)

Eastern Kingbird
( Tyrannus tyrannus )

6

10

.15

6/16-7/19 (SR)

Purple Martin
(Progne subis)

40

405

5.96

6/11-8/30 (SR)

Tree Swallow

(Tachycineta bicolor )

34

863

12.69

6/20-9/30 (SR)

Northern Rough-winged Swallow
(, Stelgidopteryx serripennis)

37

415

6.10

6/27-9/25 (SR)

Barn Swallow
(Hirundo rustica )

51

272

4.00

6/11-9/25 (SR)

Blue Jay

(Cyanocitta cristata)

55

125

1.84

6/11-9/30 (PR)

American Crow

(Corvus brachyrhynchos)

65

205

3.01

6/11-9/30 (PR)

Fish Crow

(Corvus ossifragus )

14

35

.51

6/11-9/30 (PR)

Carolina Chickadee
(Parus carolinensis )

56

174

2.56

6/11-9/30 (PR)

Tufted Titmouse
(Parus bicolor )

58

197

2.90

6/11-9/25 (PR)

Red-breasted Huthatch
(Sitta canadensis )

1

1

.01

9/30 (WR)

White-breasted Nuthatch
(Sitta carolinensis)

24

27

.40

6/11-9/25 (PR)

Brown Creeper

(Certhia familiarus )

1

1

.01

6/11 (WR)

Carolina Wren

(Thryothorus ludovicianus )

62

219

3.22

6/11-9/30 (PR)

Blue-gray Gnatchatcher
(Polioptila caerulea)

41

130

1.91

6/11-9/13 (SR)

European Starling
(Sturnus vulgaris)

24

167

2.46

6/12-9/13 (PR)

White-eyed Vireo
(Vireo griseus)

26

62

.91

6/11-9/16 (SR)

Yellow-throated Vireo
( Vireo flavifrons)

2

2

.03

6/19-7/3 (SR)

Red-eyed Vireo
(Vireo olivaceus)

16

25

.37

6/12-9/12 (SR)

1989

REELFOOT LAKE

45

Appendix 1. Continued

Number

Total

Average

Inclusive dates

Species

of trips

individuals

per trip

(status)

Northern Parula

14

27

.40

6/11-9/30 (SR)

( Parula americana)
Black-throated Green Warbler

1

1

.01

9/12 (T)

( Dendroica virens )
Yellow-throated Warbler

28

57

.84

6/11-8/10 (SR)

( Dendrioca dominica )
Cerulean Warbler

1

2

.03

6/19 (SR)

{Dendroica cerulea)
Black-and-White Warbler

1

1

.01

8/30 (T)

{Mniotilta varia)
American Redstart

1

1

.01

6/19 (SR)

(Setophaga ruticilla )
Prothonotary Warbler

43

139

1.91

6/11-9/13 (SR)

{Prothonotaria citrea )
Swainson’s Warbler

1

1

.01

7/3 (SR)

( Limnothlypis swainsonii)
Louisiana Waterthrush

3

3

.04

6/16-7/21 (SR)

(Seiurus motacilla)
Common Yellowthroat

29

92

1.35

6/13-9/13 (SR)

{Geothlypis trichas)
Summer Tanager

28

46

.68

6/11-9/13 (SR)

( Piranga rubra )
Northern Cardinal

59

356

5.23

6/11-9/25 (PR)

( Cardinalis cardinalis)
Indigo Bunting

34

105

1.54

6/11-9/14 (SR)

{Passerina cyanea)
Red-winged Blackbird

63

630

9.26

6/11-9/30 (PR)

( Agelaius phoeniceus )
Common Grackle

65

644

9.41

6/11-9/30 (PR)

( Quiscalus quiscula)
Brown-headed Cowbird

55

137

2.01

6/11-9/11 (PR)

(Molothrus ater)

American Goldfinch

33

127

1.87

6/11-9/15 (PR)

(Carduelis tristis )
House Sparrow

18

107

1.57

6/12-9/13 (PR)

( Passer domesticus )

1. Number of trips the species was observed out of a total of 68 trips.

2. Total number of individuals is totaled over all trips.

3. Average is total number of individuals divided by total number of trips.

4. Inclusive dates are those dates the species was first and last seen. Status
denotes residency, taken from Waldron (1987) and Pitts (unpublished).
Codes are as follows:

PR — Permanent resident
SR — Summer resident
WR — Winter resident
T — Transient

The Migrant, 60(2):46-51, 1989

1989 SPRING FIELD DAYS
Damien J. Simbeck

Nine counts were conducted across Tennessee, tallying a total of 199 species.
As usual, the counts varied from single to multiple day counts and single to multiple
county areas. Therefore, little comparison can be made from count to count. Most
notable this year were Laughing Gull and Red-cockaded Woodpecker at Chattanooga,
the latter being found on a special field trip to Polk county during the TOS spring
meeting. Also notable were American Bittern on 2 counts, Barn-Owl on 3, Least
Flycatcher, Bewick’s Wren on 2, and all species of vireos and warblers, including
2 counts with Connecticut and 2 with Swainson’s. Unfortunately, the trend of
reporting unusual species without details continues. The best example this year is
the report of Long-billed Dowitchers on two counts without so much as a note.

Several counts from 1988 were received too late to be included in last year’s
report. These counts add three species to last year’s totals. They are indicated by
an “8” in the count name. As usual, the counts are tallied from west to east.

INFORMATION ON THE COUNTS

MEMPHIS — 30 April; 0700-2000; partly cloudy to overcast; wind S 10-20
mph; temp 65-80 F; Shelby Forest S.P. in A.M., Penal Farm, Ensley and Robco
Lake in P.M. 29 observers, Martha Waldron (compiler — 1626 Yorkshire Dr.,
Memphis 38119). Dowitchers reported as Long-billed (1), Short-billed (2), but no
details on Long-billed submitted.

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 1988 — 7-8 May; mainly A.M.; clear; temp 60-80
F; 6 observers, Michael Dinsmore, Mayme Dinsmore, Annie Heilman, John Quick
(compiler — Rt. 1 Box 114B, Cunningham 37052), David Snyder, Ellen Walker.

COLUMBIA — 28-29 April; partly cloudy; wind var. SW 0-10 mph; temp 60-90 F;
13 observers, Daniel Gray Jr., George (compiler — 999 Sunnyside Dr., Columbia 38401)
and Cleo Mayfield, William Jernigan, Allen and Dianne Pressnell, Brad and Lloydina
Hammond, Jane Oakes, Allyn Lay, Karen Stephens, Anne and Bedford Lochridge.

MURFREESBORO — 29-30 April; Saturday — partly cloudy; temp 65-80 F;
Sunday — rain in P.M.; temp 60-75 F; 22 hours, 188 miles; 1 1 observers, Josephine
Candrell, Bertha Chrietzberg, C.E. Greever, Edith Hayes, Anne (compiler —
Murfreesboro) and Bob Hettish, Richard and Wilma Hunter, Gene and Ruth Odom,
John Patten.

MURFREESBORO 1988 — 7-8 May; wind 5-8 mph, temp 75-83 F; 32 hours,
269 miles (35 miles by boat); 17 observers, Bertha and Jim Chrietzberg, Bill and
Lou Erwin, C.E. Greever, Edith Hayes, Anne (compiler) and Bob Hettish, Richard
and Wilma Hunter, David McCarroll, Pat McCauley, Gene and Ruth Odom, John
Patten, Alberta Spence, Terry Witt.

LEBANON — 29-30 April; 0530-2100; partly cloudy; temp 65-83 F; 208 miles
by car, 2 on foot, 1 hour owling; 10 observers, E.C. and V.C. Berry, Frank and
Norma Crawfo and Ruth (compiler — Rt. 2, Box 141, Lascassas 37085) McMillan,
Kay and Larry Norris, Ann Reese, Jo Rook.

Good details for Least Flycatcher.

46

1989

SPRING COUNTS

47

LEBANON 1988 — 7-8 May; clear; temp 50-83 F; 12.5 hours; 12 observers in
6 parties; Earline and Vernon Berry, Jean Callis, Carolyn Evans, Mildred Gaston,
Tim Gorman, Kay and Larry Norris, Ruth McMillan (compiler), Ray Pope, Anne
Reese, Melissa Tucker.

Good details for Common Barn-Owl and Swainson’s Warbler.

HIGHLAND RIM — 29 April; partly cloudy with some rain; temp 67-75 F;
47.5+ hours, 415+ miles by car, 20+ miles on foot; 17 observers, Nicky Medley
(compiler — Rt. 2, Box 173B, Hillsboro 37342).

Good details for Connecticut Warbler. Dowitchers were reported as Long-bil-
leds, but no details submitted.

CHATTANOOGA (1989 TOS Spring Meeting) — 6-7 May; Ken Dubke (com-
piler — 8139 Roy Lane, Ooltewah 37363).

CHATTANOOGA 1988 — 7 May; 0600-1900; clear; 22.5 hours, 100 miles by
car, 20 on foot; 14 observers, Ralph Brown, Bob Crawford (co-compiler — P.O.
Box 613, Hixon 37343), Linda Collins, Kenton Dickerson, Ken (co-compiler) and
Lil Dubke, Gertrude Fleming, A1 Jenkins, Ross Kinderman, Barbara and Mike
McMahan, David and Tom Patton, Charlie Tucker.

KNOXVILLE — 30 May; clear with P.M. thunderstorms; temp 57-84 F; 84
hours, 297 miles by car, 46 on foot; 26 observers, Jane Beintema, Jim and Betty
Reid Campbell, Howard Chitwood, Marcia Davis, Louise Fuller, Robert Hall, Ron
(compiler — 4523 McCloud Rd., Knoxville 37938) and Audrey Hoff, Susan Hoyle,
Tony Koella, Beth Lacy, Bill and Alison McNutt, Gay Norton, Chuck Nicholson,
Holly Overton, Truett Patterson, Don Powers, Mark Reeves, Martha Rudolph,
Michael Ryon, Boyd Sharp, Jim Tanner, Craig Walker, Ralph Zaenglein.

GREENEVILLE-29 April; 0600-2130; cloudy with rain; wind SW 5-13 mph;
temp 54-79 F; 25.75 hours by car, 25.25 on foot, 4 by boat, .75 owling and 12 at
feeders, 389 miles by car, 12.25 on foot, 4 by boat and .5 owling. 19 observers,
Ben, Mark, Orland and Phine Britton, Justino Carlos, Margaret Gaut, Juanita and
Leonard Heckert, Don and Jim (compiler — 311 Colonial Circle, Greeneville
37743) Holt, Cindi Jones, Richard and Willie Ruth Nevius, Daniel Nieves, Joanne
and Larry Routledge, Helen and Royal Spees, Virginia Williams.

GREENEVILLE 1988 — 16 April; 0730-0830; mostly to partly cloudy; wind
SW 5-10 mph; temp 47-65 F; 42 hours by car, 12 on foot, 2.25 by boat, and 19.75
at feeders, 202 miles by car, 15 on foot, 4 by boat. 26 observers, Orland and Phine
(compiler — 1750 Gott Dr., Greeneville 37743) Britton, Tio and Violet Carlos,
Marjorie Earnest, King and Margaret Gaut, Juanita and Lenard Heckert, Jim Holt,
Rena Johnson, Dan and Kay Nieves, Richard and Willie Ruth Nevius, Linda and
Roy Northrop, Doug Ratledge, Jo Ann and Larry Routledge, Fred Simpson, Helen
and Royal Spees, George and Jean Weaver, Virginia Williams.

ELIZABETHTON — 29 April; 0330-2130; cloudy, with inter rain; temp 59-71
F; 72 hours; 17 observers, Cat Bireley, Janet Brown, Linda Campbell, Brian Cross,
Hal and Martha Dillenbeck, Elizabeth Funkhouser, Sally Goodin, Rick Knight
(compiler — 804 N. Hills Dr., Johnson City 37604), Richard Lewis, Dick Lura,
John Martin, Perry McDormond, Lynn Ray, Glenn Swofford, Gary Wallace, Frank Ward.

Good details for Olive-sided Flycatcher.

48

THE MIGRANT

JUNE

Table 1. 1989 Spring Counts

MempMon8 Colu

Murf Murf8 Leba

Leb8 High

Chat

Cha8

Knox

Gree

Gre8 Eliz

Common Loon

1

1

_

2

Pied-billed Grebe

—

—

2

—

—

—

2

2

1

—

—

—

—

—

Double-cr. Cormorant

34

—

—

—

—

—

36

30

1

1

7

—

—

—

American Bittern

1

1

Great Blue Heron

36

2

6

2

—

1

14

41

13

24

10

3

1

2

Great Egret

1

—

—

—

1

—

—

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

Snowy Egret

1

Little Blue Heron

2

—

—

—

2

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Cattle Egret

15

—

—

3

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Green-backed Heron

5

5

12

8

15

2

12

2

8

2

3

8

3

10

Black-cr. Night-Heron

—

1

1

—

—

—

12

—

—

—

2

—

—

—

Yellow-cr. Night-Heron

6

—

—

—

—

—

1

—

2

1

—

—

—

—

Snow Goose

2

—

Canada Goose

—

—

108

52

32

5

50

42

112

40

13

50

64

44

Wood Duck

17

3

15

6

4

—

12

17

3

4

13

43

—

50

Green-winged Teal

—

—

5

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

American Black Duck

—

2

4

6

—

Mallard

10

—

4

1

2

—

2

7

8

15

—

12

19

29

Blue-winged Teal
Gadwall

Ring-necked Duck

24

—

29

—

3

—

7

7

—

—

—

2

2

4

1

Hooded Merganser

1

Red-br. Merganser

5

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

1

—

—

—

—

6

Ruddy Duck

4

Black Vulture

—

—

62

11

40

5

19

21

5

21

—

25

1

—

Turkey Vulture

—

6

25

4

15

23

33

28

20

8

7

20

76

8

Osprey

—

1

1

—

—

—

—

1

3

3

—

1

3

2

Mississippi Kite

46

Bald Eagle

1

Northern Harrier

1

1

2

—

Sharp-shinned Hawk

—

1

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

2

—

1

6

—

Cooper’s Hawk

—

—

—

1

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

4

—

Red-shouldered Hawk

4

4

2

—

—

—

2

—

2

2

2

—

—

—

Broad-winged Hawk

4

—

4

—

—

—

—

—

1

5

8

—

3

4

Red-tailed Hawk

8

7

7

12

20

6

6

10

1

2

5

3

7

3

American Kestrel

2

3

22

22

31

5

9

7

1

1

3

12

9

7

Ruffed Grouse

1

1

—

5

Wild Turkey

4

1

Northern Bobwhite

4

12

43

13

124

13

16

13

1

17

39

32

26

14

Virginia Rail

—

—

1

—

—

—

—

2

—

—

—

—

—

Sora

4

—

6

1

American Coot

4

—

3

—

4

—

3

6

1

50

22

—

—

2

Semipalmated Plover

4

1

Killdeer

47

14

57

25

38

40

22

25

2

5

22

28

20

30

Greater Yellowlegs

4

3

3

—

3

—

2

10

1

—

—

—

2

Lesser Yellowlegs

83

—

16

2

5

2

1

25

1

—

—

—

—

1

Solitary Sandpiper

65

1

28

10

10

1

10

4

3

3

5

14

1

14

Spotted Sandpiper

3

5

2

10

9

—

14

8

9

1

2

5

—

9

Semipalmated Sandpiper

1

3

Least Sandpiper

110

—

3

—

1

—

—

—

8

—

1

—

1

—

Pectoral Sandpiper

420

2

10

—

—

—

—

5

—

—

—

—

—

—

Stilt Sandpiper

1

dowitcher sp.

3*

—

—

—

—

—

—

15*

—

—

—

—

—

—

Common Snipe

13

—

5

—

—

—

2

5

1

—

7

2

—

5

American Woodcock

1

2

Laughing Gull

1*

Ring-billed Gull

3

—

—

—

—

2

23

3

15

12

14

—

—

23

Herring Gull

—

—

—

—

—

—

2

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Forster’s Tern

—

—

—

—

—

—

6

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Rock Dove

12

69

10

14

90

5

32

139

4

4

240

58

52

85

1989

SPRING COUNTS

49

TABLE 1. 1989 Spring Counts, Continued

MempMon8 Colu

Murf Murf8 Leba

Leb8 High

Chat

Cha8

Knox

Gree

Gre8 Eliz

Mourning Dove

46

83

70

186

93

56

68

50

31

44

247

235

137

160

Black-billed Cuckoo

—

—

—

—

—

—

2

—

2

2

—

5

—

—

Yellow-billed Cuckoo

2

9

5

7

12

1

6

2

3

8

17

1

—

1

Common Barn-Owl

3

—

—

1

—

—

1*

—

—

—

—

—

1

1

Eastern Screech-Owl

—

—

8

—

—

—

4

—

—

1

2

—

1

7

Great Homed Owl

—

—

4

6

4

—

2

2

—

—

16

—

—

4

Barred Owl

1

3

10

1

—

1

16

1

2

—

3

—

—

—

Common Nighthawk

—

3

8

•5

27

3

26

5

1

—

—

2

—

8

Chuck-wilFs-widow

—

1

18

7

2

3

10

3

—

—

15

7

—

3

Whip-poor-will

—

5

14

2

2

4

4

1

—

—

—

1

—

5

Chimney Swift

41

78

65

104

117

85

202

56

130

51

200

102

49

126

Ruby-thr. Hummingbird

11

4

7

3

9

4

5

6

2

2

7

3

—

8

Belted Kingfisher

2

3

8

2

6

3

9

7

5

9

11

2

9

10

Red-headed Woodpecker

21

4

22

2

1

2

2

1

2

—

—

3

—

—

Red-bellied Woodpecker

47

29

38

19

16

12

14

13

15

14

77

40

19

15

Yel-bellied Sapsucker

—

—

—

1

—

—

2

—

—

—

—

1

2

—

Downy Woodpecker

19

9

43

11

12

7

8

10

11

8

36

28

15

24

Hairy Woodpecker

5

—

8

3

5

2

5

2

1

2

3

3

2

1

Red-cockaded Woodpecker —

1

Northern Flicker

6

11

5

15

19

1

7

24

3

11

37

28

17

28

Pileated Woodpecker

16

7

13

1

2

1

2

5

6

8

24

30

9

17

Olive-sided Flycatcher

1*

Eastern Wood-Pewee

24

10

9

1

15

2

28

7

3

10

6

3

—

1

Acadian Flycatcher

31

13

11

1

—

—

—

—

4

6

3

—

—

9

Least Flycatcher

—

—

—

—

—

1

8

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Eastern Phoebe

3

13

28

3

3

9

22

3

4

5

45

12

14

24

Great Crested Flycatcher

24

12

9

23

28

5

9

9

1

9

27

29

—

8

Eastern Kingbird

5

11

24

40

96

39

31

42

1

14

25

42

—

29

Homed Lark

56

—

6

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

5

—

—

Purple Martin

30

29

30

112

107

34

60

151

6

36

42

51

137

195

Tree Swallow

5

—

12

2

—

—

1

5

4

2

8

10

6

18

N. Rough-wng. Swallow

159

9

56

8

37

10

17

15

35

21

30

25

39

115

Bank Swallow

—

—

—

1

—

—

6

—

8

—

2

—

—

6

Cliff Swallow

—

265

—

—

—

—

—

—

127

12

—

—

—

36

Bam Swallow

73

22

29

137

170

95

79

63

90

17

78

126

84

120

Blue Jay

26

58

29

89

72

65

68

51

28

23

239

112

112

112

American Crow

5

29

39

70

90

54

44

59

37

30

165

121

161

166

Fish Crow
Common Raven

7

4

Carolina Chickadee

45

29

39

65

41

24

7

23

26

25

141

50

72

59

Tufted Titmouse

63

42

41

39

29

27

15

32

17

13

102

62

66

80

Red-breasted Nuthatch

4

—

White-breasted Nuthatch

3

4

7

—

—

—

9

10

1

15

18

3

—

8

Brown-headed Nuthatch

—

—

—

—

—

—

_

_

2

1

—

—

—

—

Carolina Wren

84

36

43

15

12

11

15

18

14

26

168

41

29

72

Bewick’s Wren

—

—

2

2

1

—

5

House Wren

1

6

—

14

14

6

2

9

23

5

16

Sedge Wren

1

1

Marsh Wren

2

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

2

—

—

—

—

Golden-crowned Kinglet

2

—

Ruby-crowned Kinglet

3

—

5

—

1

—

1

1

—

—

28

2

—

2

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher

55

16

89

—

8

10

6

25

33

30

86

27

1

43

Eastern Bluebird

3

40

67

58

82

79

185

64

26

17

82

61

58

43

Veery

13

2

2

—

—

—

1

11

—

—

1

—

—

2

Gray-cheeked Thrush

—

1

1

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

6

—

—

—

Swainson’s Thrush

42

5

5

—

4

—

7

2

2

2

67

—

—

2

Hermit Thrush

—

—

_

—

—

—

1

—

—

—

2

—

—

—

Wood Thrush

28

12

18

3

—

—

8

4

3

12

75

5

—

34

American Robin

43

101

214

167

258

79

86

250

29

74

386

242

166

546

Gray Catbird

15

10

15

5

23

3

7

4

11

2

19

9

1

17

50

THE MIGRANT

JUNE

Table 1. 1989 Spring Counts, Continued

MempMon8 Colu

Murf Murf8 Leba

Leb8 High

Chat

Cha8 Knox

Gree

Gre8 Eliz

Northern Mockingbird

23

34

43

157

185

104

42

59

12

14

122

72

27

66

Brown Thrasher

8

14

20

31

35

38

21

31

5

8

52

43

25

19

Water Pipit

4

1

Cedar Waxwing

79

39

236

175

2

48

—

80

54

20

260

108

58

105

Loggerhead Shrike

6

2

12

8

10

15

6

7

2

—

1

4

3

1

European Starling

151

142

148

1500

1500

282

358

175

36

55

481

896

362

695

White-eyed Vireo

64

35

35

3

—

5

5

9

12

6

39

9

1

14

Solitary Vireo

—

—

1

—

—

—

1

2

—

1

—

1

18

Yellow-throated Vireo

9

3

8

2

6

—

2

1

7

8

7

—

—

5

Warbling Vireo

12

3

6

1

—

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

5

Philadelphia Vireo

—

—

—

—

—

—

2

—

1

—

—

Red-eyed Vireo

22

19

20

12

15

—

5

10

30

34

131

16

—

137

Blue-winged Warbler

2

1

12

—

—

—

3

1

—

—

1

—

—

—

Golden-winged Warbler

2

Tennessee Warbler

100

21

31

—

—

—

1

1

13

35

33

—

—

1

Orange-crowned Warbler

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

1

—

—

Nashville Warbler

3

—

7

—

—

—

—

—

1

2

7

1

—

1

Northern Parula

73

4

8

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

5

—

—

9

Yellow Warbler

2

1

35

1

14

—

6

2

1

19

15

14

1

30

Chestnut-sided Warbler

5

1

11

—

3

—

4

2

13

—

7

—

—

37

Magnolia Warbler

—

2

1

6

14

—

1

1

2

2

10

—

—

—

Cape May Warbler

—

—

2

6

—

—

2

1

9

8

20

—

—

3

Black-thr. Blue Warbler

17

Yellow-rumped Warbler

8

3

49

4

4

—

28

12

25

16

143

54

75

53

Black-thr. Green Warbler

7

—

14

1

3

—

2

—

9

2

23

2

—

32

Blackburnian Warbler

1

—

4

—

—

—

1

—

—

3

3

1

—

1

Yellow-throated Warbler

3

4

12

—

2

—

2

1

7

25

4

—

—

11

Pine Warbler

1

—

6

5

2

—

4

1

5

6

7

7

2

8

Prairie Warbler

1

11

29

—

3

9

8

3

—

—

5

—

—

1

Palm Warbler

—

—

37

10

15

—

4

6

7

—

6

—

—

3

Bay-breasted Warbler

2

1

3

—

3

—

—

1

4

4

7

—

—

1

Blackpoll Warbler

9

—

5

—

3

—

2

—

9

4

6

—

—

1

Cerulean Warbler

11

—

7

—

—

—

—

—

—

2

3

—

—

1

Black & White Warbler

6

—

7

4

4

—

2

1

5

2

12

1

—

25

American Redstart

17

—

14

2

3

—

—

1

6

40

7

—

—

1

Prothonotary Warbler

37

13

25

—

2

—

—

—

3

3

4

11

—

3

Worm-eating Warbler

3

1

4

—

—

—

—

—

1

3

9

—

—

7

Swainson’s Warbler

3

—

—

—

—

—

1*

—

1

—

—

—

1

—

Ovenbird

14

—

4

—

2

—

3

—

2

1

21

4

—

70

Northern Waterthrush

1

—

2

—

3

—

3

—

1

1

6

—

—

2

Louisiana Waterthrush

5

4

6

2

1

—

4

2

3

2

1

2

3

7

Kentucky Warbler

37

12

17

—

3

—

2

1

7

8

13

—

—

10

Connecticut Warbler

1*

1

—

—

—

—

—

Mourning Warbler

1

Common Yellowthroat

18

24

31

1

17

25

13

23

8

10

97

24

—

13

Hooded Warbler

9

1

16

1

1

—

—

—

4

7

9

3

—

44

Wilson’s Warbler

—

— jj

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

1

—

—

—

Canada Warbler

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

2

—

1

—

—

1

Yellow-breasted Chat

6

16

24

2

20

6

11

8

3

3

33

12

1

11

Summer Tanager

70

10

26

4

11

3

15

9

6

12

10

3

—

—

Scarlet Tanager

13

4

18

3

8

—

2

1

7

11

67

9

1

30

Northern Cardinal

112

149

94

121

182

91

87

89

57

29

275

129

163

182

Rose-breasted Grosbeak

23

2

16

—

6

—

6

1

3

4

50

5

—

20

Blue Grosbeak

3

6

_

_

6

4

2

8

3

6

8

2

—

1

Indigo Bunting

119

29

63

25

66

46

49

29

32

25

170

42

—

27

Painted Bunting

1

Dickcissel

96

15

9

—

6

—

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

Rufous-sided Towhee

9

44

32

20

33

25

24

17

29

23

80

39

21

85

Chipping Sparrow

10

11

17

29

22

16

7

23

31

19

46

21

36

43

Field Sparrow

2

9

30

24

22

50

48

19

16

7

80

19

26

14

1989

SPRING COUNTS

51

Table 1. 1989 Spring Counts, Continued

MempMon8 Colu

Murf Murf8 Leba

Leb8

High

Chat

Cha8

Knox

Gree

Gre8 Eliz

Vesper Sparrow

1

Lark Sparrow

—

—

—

—

—

4

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Savannah Sparrow

2

—

6

—

—

—

—

2

5

—

10

3

—

5

Grasshopper Sparrow

3

—

—

—

1

—

2

1

5

15

9

8

—

6

Fox Sparrow

—

—

—

2

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Song Sparrow

4

—

2

6

10

—

4

13

21

17

138

42

49

170

Lincoln’s Sparrow

3

—

1

Swamp Sparrow

9

—

19

—

—

—

16

2

—

—

1

1

1

3

White-throated Sparrow

33

14

59

2

22

3

4

11

27

5

122

46

29

22

White-crowned Sparrow

19

1

6

5

5

—

—

1

3

—

4

28

23

32

Dark-eyed Junco

2

—

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

—

—

1

33

Bobolink

8

2

14

—

12

—

—

100

6

15

—

—

—

3

Red-winged Blackbird

192

98

130

561

2500

85

97

102

68

46

174

no

156

136

Eastern Meadowlark

40

67

75

138

113

105

104

71

6

31

66

236

147

92

Rusty Blackbird

1

1

3

17

—

Common Grackle

119

81

184 5000 3000

124

161

177

17

72

251

447

314

512

Brown-headed Cowbird

86

34

42

78

50

42

45

—

13

9

97

84

89

47

Orchard Oriole

12

10

42

78

50

42

45

—

4

7

8

15

—

16

Northern Oriole

32

1

6

—

4

2

2

1

1

1

8

2

—

17

Purple Finch

—

—

—

3

—

—

1

6

—

—

—

2

36

3

House Finch

—

7

28

23

24

—

1

23

3

5

44

44

15

31

Pine Siskin

—

6

—

—

—

—

3

2

—

34

—

_

235

—

American Goldfinch

17

67

94

88

43

58

28

94

46

35

91

99

107

270

Evening Grosbeak

128

—

House Sparrow

17

84

25

186 2000

28

75

70

4

17

59

63

37

78

Total Species 147

The Migrant, 60(2): 51

105

138

99

107

72

135

123

141

115

127

105

84

136

SECOND RECORD OF RUFF IN TENNESSEE

Martha Waldron
1626 Yorkshire Drive
Memphis, TN 38119

On 21 August 1988 Virginia Reynolds and I observed a female Ruff
( Philomachus pugnax ) in southwestern Shelby Co., Tennessee. The bird was at the
T.J. Maxon Sewage Lagoons approximately 0.8 km south of the TV A Allen Steam
Plant. The Ruff was observed for 30-40 minutes as it foraged among Killdeer
( Charadrius vociferus), Pectoral Sandpipers ( Calidris melanotos), and Least
Sandpipers ( Calidris minutilla). We viewed the Ruff with binoculars and variable
power spotting scopes from different aspects as she turned and walked back and
forth 60-80 m from us. Viewing conditions were good in the bright afternoon sunlight.

The Ruff was taller than a nearby Pectoral Sandpiper; she had a “pot-belly” and
did not have the streamlined look of a sandpiper. Her back was scaly with a definite
outline to the feathers. Her breast was black with splotches; this color pattern
extended from her neck to the white abdomen. The side of the head was rufous to
buff, and the crown was rufous with a hint of an eyeline. The bill was entirely black.
The leg color was fleshy to lemon yellow, not the bright yellow of the Pectoral
Sandpiper or the flesh color of the Killdeer. When the Ruff dropped one wing while
preening a white band was visible on the rump. The first Ruff reported from
Tennessee was in East Tennessee in 1972 ( Migrant 43:86, 1972); this is the second
record of a Ruff to be accepted by the TOS Records Committee.

Accepted 16 February 1989.

The Migrant, 60(2):52-55 , 1989

MINUTES OF THE 1989 TOS BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING

The 1989 Spring Meeting of the TOS, consisting of many interesting field trips,
a board of directors meeting, and a banquet Saturday evening, was headquartered
at the Ramada Inn South in Chattanooga, Tennessee on May 5-7, 1989.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING

The meeting was called to order by President Dan Gray on May 6 at 3:10 P.M.
It was determined a quorum was present with 32 directors in attendance. Copies of
the minutes of the November 1988 meeting were distributed and approved as
printed.

There were no reports from the Vice Presidents for East and West Tennessee.
There were no reports from the DIRECTORS AT LARGE.

TREASURER George Payne reported that during the period from November
15, 1988 through May 1, 1989, income was $11,951.79 and expenses were
$11,048.65. Current assets are $51,770.93. Anticipated liabilities through this
year’s budget are $12,450.00 leaving a capital reserve of $39,320.93.

George reported we are down 483 memberships from last year at this time
because dues envelopes have not yet been distributed. He expects this will be
rectified soon — the dues envelopes have been printed and are now ready for
distribution. A detailed treasurer’s report was submitted and approved as printed.

CONSERVATION AND EDUCATION chairperson Ken Dubke presented a
resolution supporting the passage of Morris Udall’s bill to establish the American
Heritage Trust Act of 1989. A motion to support this resolution was made, seconded
and carried. The TOS Board of Directors recommended supporting this resolution.
A complete copy is filed with the secretary.

TENNESSEE ENVIRONMENTAL COUNCIL chairperson Ken Dubke made
a motion that we continue our membership in the Council indefinitely. The motion
was seconded and carried.

CURATOR James Tanner reported that income from sales of back copies of The
Migrant during the last 12 months was $14.00. Copies of all issues are available.

EDITOR of The Migrant, David Pitts, reported that Glen Eller has resigned as
compiler of the season report for the Eastern Mountain Region. His replacement
will be Richard Lewis of Bristol. John Robinson has resigned as Season Editor and
a replacement is needed.

A three-year species index is prepared for the December 1989 issue; all of that
issue except the index has been typeset.

A membership list will be published with one of the 1989 issues if possible.

Manuscripts are usually published in chronological order. Occasional exceptions
may be made. Short notes may be published prior to longer manuscripts due to
space restrictions.

The matter of cover colors has not been resolved with Allen Press. Bids from
other printers are being considered.

David asked for help from TOS members to point out errors, suggest changes,
and submit manuscripts.

The process of publication is continually being updated in an attempt to keep the
dates of issuance more regular.

52

1989

MINUTES

53

NOMINATING COMMITTEE chairperson Ron Hoff presented the proposed
1989 slate of officers:

President

Vice President (East)
Vice President (Middle)
Vice President (West)
Directors at Large

Barbara Finney, Knoxville
J.B. Owen, Knoxville
Portia MacMillan, Nashville
Virginia Reynolds, Memphis
(East) Dee Eiklor, Gray

(Middle) Dr. David Snyder, Austin Peay
(West) John R. Conder, TWRA

George Payne, Memphis
Nancy Tanner, Knoxville
Dr. James Tanner, Knoxville
Dr. David Pitts, Martin
accepted by acclamation. Motion

was

Treasurer
Secretary
Curator
Editor

It was moved that nominations be
seconded and carried.

FINANCE COMMITTEE chairperson Richard Taylor was absent so President
Gray read a report from him stating that all deposits and checks written against
TOS for April 1988 to April 1989 have been approved. He asked that all state
treasurers check the computer roster received from George Payne against their own
mailing list and make necessary corrections.

President Dan Gray read a personal letter from Richard that he is retiring and
moving to Texas. That will necessitate finding a new finance committee chairman.
The report and the letter are filed with the secretary.

BREEDING BIRD ATLAS PROJECT chairman Charles Nicholson reported
that the Atlas is now into the 4th year of this 5-year project. We have finished about
1/3 of the targeted blocks. Some people will be working full time this summer; but
over the years there has been a steady decrease in workers — from 200 down to
120. Participation is also encouraged in ways other than field work — financial
assistance and keeping lists of birds in your own yard, etc.

There are two forays this year. The first is May 26-29 in Fayetteville, Lincoln
County, and the second June 23-25 in Jackson, Tennessee. Forays are an excellent
way to learn how to Atlas.

The Atlas will be hiring people this summer to do 14 blocks each — paying them
$100 a block and expecting them to spend 3 days in each. Chuck welcomes block
sponsorships by individuals or chapters. Negotiations are under way with UT Press
to publish the Atlas.

In the 1990 session of the state legislature, we will be asking for funding of the
publication through the TWRA. We will also ask for another appropriation in 1991.
Plans are being made for a possible state-wide BIRD-A-THON in the spring of 1990.

TENNESSEE BIRD RECORDS OR CERTIFICATION COMMITTEE chair-

person Rick Knight — The bird photo file proposed at the fall meeting is in the
works. Portia MacMillan will be the curator of this file, which will be located in
the Nashville area. It will have a duplicate file system. The bird photo file will be
available for documentation and research, but it will not be circulated for programs.
Recent photos should be submitted to your regional compiler. Older photos should
be sent to the Bird Records Committee or Rick Knight. Common bird and rare bird
photos are needed.

54

THE MIGRANT

JUNE

PATCHES AND DECALS chairperson was absent and no report was submitted.
We believe that this chairperson is moving out of state.

RARE BIRD ALERT chairperson David Chaffin reported a general lack of
interest in establishing a hot line at this time (as per results from a poll conducted
by the committee). They recommend we utilize Mike Bierely’s existing bird alert
number: 1-800-444-BIRD.

FALL SYMPOSIUM — chairperson of the papers, David Snyder, was absent
and there was no report. George Mayfield is handling the accommodations for this
event. He reported that the Fall Meeting will be held October 13-15, 1989 at the
Ramada Inn located on 1-40 at Highway 127 in Crossville. All who wish to attend
should make advance reservations.

EDITOR of “Tennessee Warbler”, Ann Hettish, has resigned. She was recog-
nized for her excellent efforts and achievements.

MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE chairperson Audrey Hoff reported that last fall,
$150.00 was appropriated to print new membership flyers which include current dues.
With that money ($132.25) 1,150 flyers were printed. They are available for each chapter.

OLD BUSINESS:

President Gray presented a letter from James Mason of Knoxville objecting to
the funding of John Robinson’s book, BIRDS OF TENNESSEE. His objections
were noted and a copy of the letter was filed with the secretary.

NEW BUSINESS:

President Gray read a letter from the Memphis chapter stating they would like
Nashville to host the spring meting in the hope that attendance might be improved
for the 75th anniversary meeting of TOS. Nashville will consider this and respond
at a later date.

Lil Dubke moved to adjourn. The meeting was dismissed at 5:15 P.M.

Respectfully submitted,

Cleo Mayfield, Secretary TOS

TOS ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP MEETING

The seventy-fourth annual meeting of the TOS was called to order by President
Dan Gray at 7:00 P.M. on May 6, 1989 at the Ramada Inn South, Chattanooga,
Tennessee.

John Henderson, president of the host chapter, Chattanooga, introduced the head
table. Special guests introduced were: Dixon Merritt’s (a founder of TOS) daughter
Alice Merritt Gant, and his granddaughter, Alice Gant Watkins.

President Dan Gray conducted a chapter roll call. There were 107 present from
12 of our chapters. A report of the board of directors meeting followed.

TREASURER George Payne recapitulated his report as given at the Board of
Directors meeting. A copy was filed with the secretary.

BREEDING BIRD ATLAS project chairperson Charles Nicholson also repeated
his report.

CONSERVATION/EDUCATION CHAIRMAN Ken Dubke presented a
resolution approved by the Board of Directors supporting the passage of the
American Heritage Trust Act of 1989. This was affirmed by the membership. A
copy of the resolution is filed with the secretary.

1989

MINUTES

55

NOMINATING COMMITTEE chairperson Ron Hoff presented the following
slate of officers for 1989-90 which was previously approved by the Board of
Directors:

Helen Dinkelspiel moved to accept the slate by acclamation. Motion was
seconded and carried unanimously.

President Dan Gray turned the gavel over to the new president, Barbara Finney.
Barbara thanked Dan for his loyal service and for stepping in during a difficult time.

John Henderson returned to the podium and thanked all those responsible for
putting together such a successful meeting. He then introduced the speaker for the
evening, Dr. Richard P. Urbanek. Dr. Urbanek — a research associate in Ohio State
University’s Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit — presented a slide
show and lecture entitled “A Study of Migratory Sandhill Cranes in Eastern
America: Implications to Recovery of the Whooping Crane.”

Respectfully submitted
Cleo Mayfield, Secretary.

Treasurer

Secretary

Curator

Editor

President

Vice President (East)

Vice President (Middle)

Vice President (West)

Directors at Large (East)

(Middle)

(West)

Barbara Finney, Knoxville
J.B. Owen, Knoxville
Portia MacMillan, Nashville
Virginia Reynolds, Memphis
Dee Eiklor, Gray
Dr. David Snyder, Austin Peay
John R. Conder, TWRA
George Payne, Memphis
Nancy Tanner, Knoxville
Dr. James Tanner, Knoxville
Dr. David Pitts, Martin

The Migrant, 60(2):56, 1989

WILSON’S PLOVER SIGHTING IN
SHELBY COUNTY, TENNESSEE

Martha Waldron
1626 Yorkshire Drive
Memphis, TN 38119

On 17 April 1988 Michael Hughes, Virginia Reynolds, and I simultaneously
observed a Wilson’s Plover ( Charadrius wilsonia) at the T.J. Maxson Sewage
Lagoons in southwest Shelby County, Tennessee, approximately 0.8 km south of
the TVA Allen Steam Plant. The bird was observed for approximately 25 minutes
feeding among Killdeer ( Charadrius vociferus), Pectoral Sandpipers ( Calidris
melanotos), Solitary Sandpipers ( Tringa solitaria), and Lesser Yellowlegs ( Tringa
favipes). The Wilson’s Plover was viewed from different aspects as it turned and
walked back and forth approximately 40 m from us. It was observed with a Bushnell
20-60x spotting scope, a Swarvorsk 25-75x spotting scope, Swift Audubon 8x40
binoculars, and Bausch and Lomb Elite 8x42 binoculars in above average condi-
tions in bright afternoon sunlight. The male plover was in adult breeding plumage.
Its back was a light buff that partially extended up the back of the neck to the white
hind-neck collar. From the side its white forehead could be seen as well as the wide
back collar starting at the side of the neck and continuing across the breast. A
blackish gray stripe was observed from the back of the head continuing forward
below the eyes. It had a large heavy bill and its legs showed a pinkish gray color,
almost flesh-toned. It was smaller than the Killdeer which was feeding within two
meters.

This is the first sighting of a Wilson’s Plover in west Tennessee. There have been
two other sightings in the state, both near Chattanooga (Migrant 32:44, and Migrant
43:62). The first was on 22 September 1957, and the second was on 26 June 1961.
Apparently the west Tennessee plover did not stay after we observed it as repeated
trips to the lagoons failed to produce the bird.

Accepted 20 July 1988.

56

The Migrant, 60(2):57, 1989

BOOK REVIEW

ATLAS OF WINTERING NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS: An Analysis of
Christmas Bird Count Data, by Terry Root. 1988. 336 p. Paperbound $35.00,
clothbound $60.00. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

The primary feature of this book is a series of maps showing the relative
abundance in winter of many North American birds. The data were obtained from
Christmas Bird Counts made in the decade 1962/63 through 1971/72. The number
of individuals of each species per party hour at each location was converted to a
relative number which was then plotted on a map of the 48 states and southern
Canada. Two types of maps are presented. In one the relative abundance is shown
like contours on a topographic map, and in the other the abundance is indicated by
a diagram appearing as if the reader were viewing mountains and valleys from high
above the earth. I found the first type easier to use. The maps for each of 250 species
are accompanied by comments on the apparent causes of the winter distribution
and a description of the wintertime behavior.

An introduction describes the history of Christmas Bird Counts and explains the
methods used in preparing the maps. Additional maps in this section display
information on winter climates, vegetation types, and other factors affecting bird
distribution. Some of these maps are supplied also on transparent overlays which
fit over the species distribution maps. Also on transparent overlays are outlines of
the states and provinces and lines of latitude and longitude. One appendix supplies
more information on each species, and a second contains 96 maps for additional
species whose data were difficult to interpret.

The foreword states “the present publication is. . .an important research tool,” so
it is worth making some comments related to this. One shortcoming of the maps is
that the method of smoothing the data resulted in a spreading-out of the range limits.
This is pronounced in the maps for oceanic or salt water species — such as the
Brown Pelican and Clapper Rail — where the normal range ends abruptly at the
edge of salt water; the maps often show the range extending many miles inland.
Using the overlay showing state boundaries, I compared the relative abundance
and distribution as shown on the maps of several species with the results of my
analysis of Christmas Bird Counts in Tennessee (Migrant 56: 85-97. 1985). For
most species there was good agreement. One map, that for the Black-capped
Chickadee, appears to be grossly in error. Three species (Virginia Rail, Brown-
headed Nuthatch, and Prairie Warbler) were shown to be present in areas where
they are absent in winter or extremely rare. And on the contrary, about 10 species
were shown to be absent from parts of this state where they have been regularly
reported on Christmas Bird Counts.

Since this report is a pioneering effort, it is not surprising that there should be
difficulties in converting the raw data from Christmas Counts to maps of relative
abundance. I think that, despite the above criticisms, the author and publisher have
succeeded in producing a picture of the relative abundance of many wintering
North American birds and have done this in such a way that the book can be used
for future research. — JAMES T. TANNER, 417 Switzerland Dr., Knoxville, TN
37920.

57

The Migrant, 60(2):58-66, 1989

THE SEASON

John C. Robinson, Editor

WINTER: 1 DECEMBER 1988 - 28 FEBRUARY 1989

Rainfall was perhaps the major weather event of this winter season, with periods
of heavy rain causing moderate to severe flooding in parts of middle and west
Tennessee. Despite the rain and the expected periods of below freezing tempera-
tures, many observers took to the field and some important discoveries were made.

The absence of winter finches and most other irruptive species was noted
statewide; however, Rough-legged Hawks were reported in moderate numbers in
middle Tennessee and at least one was seen in west Tennessee. Impressive counts
of waterfowl were made, especially in Henry County and at the Hiwassee River
Area. Large roosts of American Robins and American Crows were also docu-
mented. Yet another Ross’ Goose was found, this one in Lawrence County. One
Glaucous Gull and two sightings of Great Black-backed Gulls were indicative of
a good Larid winter. Most astounding, however, were the 7 Selasphorus hum-
mingbirds reported in east, middle and west Tennessee; no less than 4 of these birds
were safely identified as Rufous Hummingbirds.

The Migrant welcomes Richard P. Lewis as the new compiler for the Eastern
Mountain Region. In the future, all noteworthy observations in that region should
be promptly sent to him at the end of each reporting season. Readers of this report
should note that many areas of the Eastern Mountain Region are not sufficiently
represented in these pages — a situation that can be corrected by the submission
of more observations from the central and southern parts of that region. In fact,
observers across the state may find it challenging and rewarding to explore and report
on areas that have only infrequently been visited by birders. — John C. Robinson

The following abbreviations are used in the text: ad = adult; EOP = end of period;
ers = earliest reported sighting; im = immature; max = maximum 1-day count
during period; m. ob. = many observers; NWR = National Wildlife Refuge; ph =
photographs; CBC = Christmas Bird Count; S.P. = State Park; yg = young;
* = documented record; ** = specimen record.

WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN REGION — Climatic conditions were wetter
than usual but temperatures remained within their normal ranges. Accipiters were
observed in greater numbers than in the last few years, with many sightings in
suburban backyards and city parks. Short-eared Owls were reported in scattered
locations throughout the region. Reports of the elusive American Tree Sparrow
reaffirmed the presence of the winter season. Some species of sparrows, particularly
the Field Sparrows and White-throated Sparrows, appeared to be less abundant than
in previous years.

58

1989

THE SEASON

59

Table 1. 1989 Mid-Winter Eagle Counts (5-19 January 1989)

Compiled by Bill Yambert
Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency
6032 West Andrew Johnson Highway
Talbott, TN 37877

Adults

Immatures

Unknown

Total

Mississippi River Area

Reelfoot Lake

52

51

—

103

Open Lake

2

—

—

2

Big Cypress Natural area

1

—

—

1

55

51

—

106

Kentucky Lake Area

LBL (Barkley Portion)

2

2

—

4

(Kentucky Lake Portion)

8

10

—

18

Kentucky Lake

42 + 4*

22+ 1*

—

64 + 5*

Barkley

—

1*

—

1*

Pickwick Lake

5

3

—

8

57 + 4*

37 + 2*

—

94 + 6*

Middle TN

Cross Creeks

5

—

—

5

Cheatham

1

—

—

1

Center Hill

1

—

—

1

Normandy

1

—

—

1

Tims Ford

1 + 1*

—

—

1 + 1*

Woods Reservoir

2

—

—

2

Woodbury

1*

—

—

1*

Tansai Lake

1

—

—

1

Dale Hollow

27

20

2

49

39 + 2*

20

2

61 + 2*

East TN

Cherokee

0

2

—

2

Douglas

1

—

—

1

Norris

2

—

—

2

French Broad River

2

—

—

2

Fort Loudoun Reservoir

1

—

—

1

Tellico Reservoir

2

3

—

5

Watts Bar

21

1

—

22

Chickamauga Lake

6+1*

1

—

7 + 1*

Nickajack Lake

1

—

—

1

Melton Hill Lake

1

—

—

1

37 + 1*

7

—

44 + 1*

Statewide Total

188 + 7*

115 + 2*

2

305 + 9*

Golden Eagles

60

THE MIGRANT

JUNE

Loon-Falcon : Common Loon: 19 Jan (1) PLS (AHH, EJW); 19 Feb (38) PLS,
BSU (DWB), max. Pied-billed Grebe: 19 Feb (51) BSU (DWB), max. Horned
Grebe: 4 Jan (145) PLS, BSU (DWB). Double-crested Cormorant: 4 Jan (1) PLS,
19 Feb (1) BSU (DWB). Great Blue Heron: 19 Feb (42) PLS (DWB), max. Great
Egret: 7 Dec (1) ESL (LCC, HBD, NMS, BHW). Cattle Egret: 24 Dec (1) Savannah
CBC (Regina D. Rogers). Greater White-fronted Goose: 19 Feb (13 ad, 5 im) BRF
(DWB). Snow Goose: 18 Feb (179 blue, 56 white) BRF (DWB). Gadwall: 4 Jan
(135) BRF (DWB). American Wigeon: 4 Jan (377) BRF (DWB), max. Canvas-
back: 4 Jan (450), 12 Feb (1,627) BRF (DWB), max. Redhead: 12 Feb (442) BRF
(DWB), max. Ring-necked Duck: 19 Feb (2,000) BRF, PLS (DWB), max. Lesser
Scaup: 19 Feb (1,650) BSU, PLS (DWB). Common Goldeneye: 19 Feb (1,180)
BSU, PLS (DWB), max. Bufflehead: 19 Feb (410) PLS, BSU (DWB), max.
Common Merganser: 4 Jan-18 Feb (1-7) PLS, 19 Feb (5) BSU (DWB). Red-
breasted Merganser: 19 Feb (74) PAP (DWB). Ruddy Duck: 4 Jan-12 Feb (580-
1,210) BRF, PLS (DWB); 28 Jan (3,000+) REL, LKC (RLI, VLI); 26 Feb (5,000+)
REL, Obion Co. (MLG). Black Vulture: 4 Jan (1) NE SBC (JMJ), uncommon in
SBC. Turkey Vulture: 4 Jan (1) NE SBC (JMJ), uncommon in SBC. Bald Eagle:

4 Jan (1 ad) NE SBC (JMJ), rare in SBC. Sharp-shinned Hawk: 3 Dec (1) Kennedy
Park, SBC (MTOS); 4 Dec (1) PEF (JRW); 9 Dec (2) MEM (MGW, Ray N.
Wilson); 14 Dec (1) SFP (HBD, SLL, NMS, VBR); 18 Dec (7) MEM CBC
(MTOS); 8 Jan (1) ELS (JRW); 20 Jan (1) MEM (CHB); 28 Jan (1) REL (RLI,
VLI). Cooper’s Hawk: 1, 4 Dec (1) PEF (JRW); 2 Dec (1) Coffey Grounds, MEM
(Ben B. Coffey, Jr.); 12 Dec (1) MEM (CHB); 18 Dec (2) MEM CBC (MTOS);
1-30 Dec (1) Iris Hill, NE SBC (JAF); 5, 7, 10 Jan (1) MEM (JRW). NORTHERN
GOSHAWK: 9, 20 Jan (1) MEM (fide Dave Vance, MGW). Rough-legged Hawk:
27 Dec (1) PEF (DJS, Steve and Rebecca Satterfield). Golden Eagle: 18 Feb (1 ad)
BRF (DWB); 26 Feb (1 im) REL, LKC (MLG). American Kestrel: 29 Jan (32)
LKC (RLI, VLI). Merlin: 14 Dec (1) SFP (HBD, SLL, NMS, VBR); 2 Jan (2) ESL
(Martha Ramey); 19 Jan (1) SW SBC (Gil B. Beaver); 26 Jan (1) MEM (MGW);

5 Feb (1) SW SBC (JRW). Peregrine Falcon: 1 Dec-EOP (1) MEM (m. ob.).

Crane-Lark : SANDHILL CRANE: 19 Dec (1) PEF (EJR), rare for this area and
time of year. Spotted Sandpiper: 9-11 Feb (1) ESL (JRW, RTC). American
Woodcock: 27 Jan-EOP (4) Iris Hill, NE SBC (JAF, Sue C. Ferguson). Franklin’s
Gull: 3 Dec (1) McKellar Lake (JRW, Joe B. Guinn, DJS, Dollyann Daily); 9, 10,
12 Feb (1) McKellar Lake (JRW). Bonaparte’s Gull: 4 Jan (219) PLS, BSU (DWB),
max; 8 Jan (2), 4 Feb (120+), 9 Feb (144) McKellar Lake (JRW); 9 Feb (60+) ESL
(VBR, MGW). Ring-billed Gull: 7 Dec (247) ESL (HBD, LCC, NMS, BHW); 8
Jan (1,200+), 4 Feb (500+), 9 Feb (720+) McKellar Lake (JRW); 9 Feb (150+) ESL
(VBR, MGW). Herring Gull: 8 Jan (9), 4 Feb (3), 9 Feb (5) McKellar Lake (JRW);
9 Feb (1) ESL (VBR, MGW). GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL: 15 Dec (1, 1st
year plumage) PAP (DJS). Short-eared Owl: 3-26 Dec (4) ESL (JRW, DJS, m. ob.);
6-11 Dec (1) Bartlett, SBC (JRW); 23 Dec-EOP (9) Savannah Bottoms, HDC
(DJS); 23 Dec (1) Savannah airport, HDC (JTP); 19 Feb (1) BRF (DWB). RUFOUS
HUMMINGBIRD: 8 Dec-7 Feb (1 female) Germantown, NE SBC (*Dorinda
Hanna, m. ob.); the bird was photographed, measured, shipped to San Diego and
released. Horned Lark: 4 Feb (500/400) PEF/ESL (JRW).

1989

THE SEASON

61

Wren-Blackbird : Sedge Wren: 10 Feb (1) PEF (RTC). White-eyed Vireo: 25
Dec, 8 Jan (1) ESL (* JRW). Indigo Bunting: 19 Dec (1) PEF (EJR). American Tree
Sparrow: 19 Jan (1) BRF (AHH, EJW); 28 Jan (7) LKC (RLI, VLI); 18 Feb (5)
BRF (DWB); 26 Feb (33) REL, Airpark area (MLG). Field Sparrow: 18 Dec-EOP
— numbers on CBC and field observations were exceptionally low. Vesper
Sparrow: 23, 30 Dec, 28 Jan (2, 1, 1) Savannah Bottoms, HDC (DJS, CAS, Ann
Tarbell); 22 Jan (1) PEF (VBR); 4 Feb (13) PEF (JRW); 19 Feb (1) BSU (DWB).
Le Conte’s Sparrow: 6 Dec (1) Bartlett, SBC (JRW); 23 Dec-EOP (up to 10)
Savannah Bottoms, HDC (DJS); 19 Jan (1) BRF (AHH, EJW); 19 Feb (1) BRF
(DWB). Lincoln’s Sparrow: 31 Jan (1) PEF (VBR, MGW). Lapland Longspur: 4
Feb (5/13) ESL/PEF (JRW). SMITH’S LONGSPUR: 3 Dec-EOP (1-13) PEF
(Marvin Davis, JRW, m. ob.) [details should be published-ed.]. Western
Meadowlark: 1 Dec-11 Feb (1) PEF (JRW, m. ob.); 26 Feb (1) REL, Obion Co.
(MLG). Brewer’s Blackbird: 20 Dec (5 males) Savannah Bottoms, HDC (DJS); 21
Feb (1) MEM (W. Robert Peeples).

Locations : BRF — Britton Ford, Tennessee NWR, Henry Co.; BSU — Big
Sandy Unit, Tennessee NWR, Henry Co.; ESL — Ensley sewage lagoons, Shelby
Co.; HDC — Hardin Co.; LKC — Lake Co.; MEM — Memphis; PAP — Pace
Point, Tennessee NWR, Henry Co.; PEF — Penal Farm, Shelby Co.; PLS — Paris
Landing S.P., Henry Co.; REL — Reelfoot Lake, Obion and Lake Cos.; SBC —
Shelby Co.; SFP — Shelby Forest S.P., Shelby Co.;

MARTHA G. WALDRON, 1626 Yorkshire Drive, Memphis, TN 38119.

HIGHLAND RIM AND BASIN REGION — Weather during the period was
mild and there were no extended periods of sub-freezing temperatures; nor were
there any heavy, lasting snows. Perhaps the most notable weather occurrences were
two periods of heavy rain in February that caused wide-spread flooding.

The scarcity of irruptive species (e.g., Pine Siskin, Evening Grosbeak, Red-breasted
Nuthatch and Purple Finch) was striking. These species were reported from only a
few locations and primarily in low numbers. Many observers remarked on the low
number of all bird species at feeders this winter. This lack of activity at feeders can,
in part, be attributed to the outstanding wild food crop we experienced this year.
The hackberry crop was especially impressive and probably accounts for the large
numbers of American Robins and Cedar Waxwings present throughout the period.

Among the rarities recorded during the period were a Red-throated Loon and a
Merlin at Percy Priest Lake, a Glaucous Gull in first winter plumage at Woods
Reservoir, and unusually high numbers of Short-eared Owls and Rough-legged
Hawks. In addition, a Rufous Hummingbird was discovered, perched on a wire in
a yard in Nashville where it was believed to be torpid but was later determined to
be dead and was collected. Over 400 Sandhill Cranes were reported in the region.

Loon-Hawk: RED-THROATED LOON: 25 Feb-EOP (1, ph) Percy Priest Lake,
Anderson Rd. Recreation Area, DVC (Daniel R. Jacobson), first DVC record.
Double-crested Cormorant: 28 Jan (10) AEDC Retention Pond, FKC (RWL, DD),
max. Tundra Swan: 20 Feb-EOP (2) CCNWR (DWB), only report. Greater
White-fronted Goose: 5 reports for region; 26 Dec/1 Jan (2/7) Blackman Rd., RUC
(RVM, TJW, ALH/TJW), ers; 8 Jan (2, ph) Robertson Pond, LWC (DJS); Jan-Feb

62

THE MIGRANT

JUNE

(4, seen “often”) AEDC Retention Pond, FKC (DD). Snow Goose: 1 Jan-EOP (up
to 13 birds, including 2 “snows” on 17 Jan and 13 “blues” on 13 Feb) Robertson
Pond, LWC (DJS, m. ob.); 26 Dec (1 blue) Blackman Rd., RUC (ALH, RVM); 20
Feb (100+) CCNWR (DWB), max. ROSS’ GOOSE: 8-11 Jan (1, ph) Robertson
Pond, LWC (DJS, Michael A. Beuerlein, m. ob.), 4th state record and 1st for LWC.
Northern Shoveler: 25 Feb (20) BWMA, SWC (DWB), max. Canvasback: 4 Feb
(65) CCNWR (DWB), max. Redhead: 10 Feb (50) Monsanto Ponds, MUC (O.
Bedford Lochridge), max. Ring-necked Duck: 25 Feb (1,405) CCNWR and
BWMA, SWC (DWB), max. Hooded Merganser: 19 Dec (200) Couchville Lake,
Long Hunter S.P., DVC (MLM), max. Black Vulture: 10 Jan (46) 3.2 km W of
Byrdstown, PIC (RCH), unusually high number for PIC in winter. Bald Eagle: 11
Dec-28 Jan (1 ad, 1 im) Woods Reservoir area, FKC (RWL, DD); 23 Dec-11 Feb
(1-2) Normandy Lake, CFC (Frank Hernandez); a pair was observed carrying sticks
to nest at the latter site on 28 Jan and 11 Feb. Rough-legged Hawk: 3 Dec (1, light
phase) Big Rock, SWC (DWB), ers; 15-16 Dec (2, light phase) FCMR, SWC
(DWB); 26 Dec (1) Sowell Hollow Rd., MUC (Mark H. Mayfield, George R.
Mayfield, Jr.); 1 Jan (1) near Monsanto Ponds, MUC (William N. Jernigan); 2 Feb
(1, dark phase) Metro Center, DVC (DFV); 15 Jan (1, dark phase) FCMR (DWB);
12 Feb (1, dark phase) LBL, SWC (DWB); 8 individuals were reported from 6 locations.

Merlin-Hummingbird : Merlin: 28 Dec (1) LWC (*DJS); 2 Jan-EOP (1, ph)
Anderson Rd. Recreation Area, Percy Priest Lake, DVC (CGD, CAS, m. ob.); 1
bird also wintered at the latter site in the winters of 86-87 and 87-88. Ruffed Grouse:
1 Dec (1) Star Point Resort Community, PIC (Fran Baker); 6, 16 Dec (1) BAH
(RWS), only reports. Sandhill Crane: 29 Dec-EOP (1, ph) Robertson Pond, LWC
(DKS, David Ihrie, m. ob.), ers; 14 Feb (60) BAH (RWS); 15 Feb (50) Millers
Crossroads, CFC (Lee W. Medley); 17 Feb (20) PIC (Faye Wells); 25 Feb (60) PIC
(Jessie Baker); 19 Feb (246) PIC (RCH, Oleta Davidson, Robert Baker, Rex
Zimmerman), max; 20 Feb (28) PIC (Margaret Zimmerman); 23 Feb (100+) PIC
(Faye Wells); 24 Feb (44) PIC (J. David Hassler, Oleta Davidson); some duplica-
tion of cranes counted in PIC is possible. Least Sandpiper: 22 Jan (1) mouth of
Gum Creek on Woods Res., FKC (RWL), only report. GLAUCOUS GULL: 7-26
Jan (1, 1st winter plumage, ph) Woods Reservoir, FKC (RWL, DD, TJW, James
R. Peters, m. ob.). Common Barn-Owl: 1 Dec (1) Clarksville, MTC (DWB), only
report. Short-eared Owl: 18 Jan (1) Metro Airport, DVC (M. Patricia Stallings); 26 Feb
(2) Ashland City, Cheatham Co. (CGD). RUFOUS HUMMINGBIRD: 15 Dec (1)
Lynnwood Blvd., Nashville, DVC (fide Michael L. Bierly), reported by a home owner
on 15 Dec, the bird was believed to be in a state of torpor until 17 Dec when the
bird was determined to be dead; it was collected and placed in the Bierly collection.

Lark-Robin : Horned Lark: 19 Dec (10) Couchville lake, Long Hunter S.P., DVC
(MLM), max. Blue Jay: 4 Feb (40) BAH (RWS), max. American Crow: 26 Dec
(27,000) Bells Bend, DVC (CGD, et al.), max; the roost used by these birds was
located in west Nashville near 1-40 and 47th Ave., DVC, and was present through
most of the period. Red-breasted Nuthatch: 1 Nov-28 Feb (1) Loretto, LWC (DKS,
Donna N. Simbeck); 18 Dec (1) SWC (CCNWR CBC), only reports. House Wren:
25 Jan (1) Clarksville, MTC (ALH), only report. American Robin: 15 Jan
(100,000+) Belle Meade, DVC (DFV), max; this roost present through most of
period; 1 Jan (1,350) FCMR, MTC (DWB).

1989

THE SEASON

63

Pipit-Grosbeak : Water Pipit: 15 Jan (28) FCMR, MTC (DWB). Cedar Waxwing:
2 Feb (100+) Clarksville, MTC (AHH), max. Pine Warbler: 12 Feb (1) LBL, SWC
(DWB), only report. Chipping Sparrow: 17 Dec (1) FCMR, MTC (DWB); 12 Feb
(2) CCNWR (DWB), only reports. LAPLAND LONGSPUR: 15 Jan (48) FCMR,
MTC (DWB), max. Brewer’s Blackbird: 29 Dec-EOP (up to 13) LWC (DWB, et
al.). Purple Finch: 27 Feb (32) BAH (RWS), max. Purple Finches were very scarce
across the region, with only a few occurring at feeders; most reports were of 5 or
fewer individuals. House Finch: present in large numbers in the region and
occurring in many locations and remote towns where they have not been found in
past years. Pine Siskin: 24-25 Dec (1) MUC (George R. Mayfield, Jr.); 18 Dec (2)
SWC (CCNWR CBC), only reports, numbers very low in region and virtually
absent at most feeders. American Goldfinch: reported in lower than normal
numbers at feeders though 140 were banded by DFV in west Nashville from 31
Dec-EOP. Evening Grosbeak: 29 Dec (2) LWC (Andy J. Augustin, W. Royce
Neidem, Jane Newell, Donette Sellan); 18 Feb (7) LBL, SWC (DWB), only reports.

Locations : BAH — Barnes Hollow, Putnam Co.; BWMA — Barkley Wildlife
Management Area, Stewart Co.; CCNWR — Cross Creeks NWR, Stewart Co.;
CFC — Coffee Co.; DVC — Davidson Co.; FCMR — Fort Campbell Military
Reservation, Montgomery and Stewart Cos.; FKC — Franklin Co.; LBL —
Land-Between-the-Lakes, Stewart Co.; LWC — Lawrence Co.; MTC —
Montgomery Co.; MUC — Maury Co.; PIC — Pickett Co.; RUC — Rutherford
Co.; SWC — Stewart Co.

DAVID F. VOGT, 7818 Old Charlotte Pike, Nashville, TN 37209.

EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY REGION — This was our third consecutive
mild winter. Temperatures during December and February were considerably
above normal, while January was closer to normal. For a welcome change, rainfall
was slightly above normal for the period. December precipitation was somewhat
low, but the other two months more than made up for it. With the mild conditions,
little snowfall occurred. The rainfall total for 1988 was 27% deficient at Tri-cities
Regional Airport, in the northeastern corner of the region. Other areas fared about
the same. According to a TVA press release, “the last four years, 1985-88, account
for four of the six driest years (in the Tennessee River Watershed) since records
began in 1890.” Hopefully that drought is now behind us.

As is often the case, a mild winter results in rather dull birding which, in turn,
causes birders’ activity to decline. Reports were very brief this season. Northern
irruptive birds were very scarce or absent. Ducks were reported to be “in their usual
numbers for recent years” in the Chattanooga area, which boasts the region’s best
waterfowl habitat; but they were very scarce in the Johnson City area. Raptors were
poorly reported. Gull numbers increased and two rarities were found among them.
Some lingering “half-hardy” species were found, but fewer than might have been
expected.

The biggest surprise of the season was the presence of FIVE Selasphorus
hummingbirds, three of which successfully wintered. The other two were “air-lifted”
to a hummingbird expert for banding and identification — these were both Rufous
Hummingbirds. Details concerning the identity of the three wintering birds had not

64

THE MIGRANT

JUNE

been passed along to this compiler, and so identification beyond the genus level
can not be made. All, or at least most, of these hummers were coming to feeders
belonging to casual birders and their “discovery” was just by luck. That makes one
wonder how many more were out there this winter and in past years. I’d bet that
more hummingbird feeders will be closely watched next fall/winter.

Loon-Egret: Common Loon: 10 Dec (26) CHL (KHD, RLK), max. Pied-billed
Grebe: 25 Feb (161) CHL (KHD), max. Horned Grebe: 10 Dec (82) CHL (KHD,
RLK), max. Double-crested Cormorant: 10 Dec (1) CHL (KHD, RLK); 1 Jan
(47-some duplication possible) HRA CBC (fide RAR); 6/15 Jan (1) Nickajack
Lake, MAC (JTP/KHD, LHD); only reports. Great Blue Heron: 18 Dec (126) KNX
CBC (fide JTl), high number for area. Great Egret: 18 Dec (1) KNX CBC (fide J IT );
20 Dec (6) SAB (KHD).

Waterfowl : Mute Swan: late Nov into Feb (1) Maryville Greenbelt Lake, Blount Co.
(J. Anthony Koella), origin? Tundra Swan: 1 Jan-12 Feb (1) HRA (m. ob.). Snow
Goose: 6 Dec (3 white, 3 blue) Indian Mountain S.P., Campbell Co. (Eva Dolcini
fide JBO); 26 Dec (1 white) KNX (Paul S. Pardue); 2-5 white and 1-2 blue regular
at HRA (fide KHD). Canada Goose: 10 Feb (1,338) Watts Bar Lake, MEC, Rhea
& Roane Cos. (TWRA), max; a bird shot in Greene Co. on 24 Dec (fide Phine
Britton, RLK) that was banded in the James Bay area of Canada indicates that some
northern geese still winter in the region. Green-winged Teal: 11 Dec (375) HRA
(KHD, LHD), max. American Black Duck: 8 Dec (300) Phipps Bend, Hawkins
Co. (CPN); 14 Dec (1,058) HRA (TWRA), max. Mallard: 22 Dec (3,000) HRA
(TWRA), max. Northern Pintail: 12 Feb (55) HRA (KHD), max. Northern
Shoveler: 19 Dec (17) HRA (KHD, LHD), max. Gadwall: 10 Dec (490) CHL
(KHD, RLK), max. American Wigeon: 14 Dec (413) HRA (TWRA), max. Can-
vasback: 2 Dec (18) HRA (KHD, LHD), max. Redhead: 9 Feb-EOP (2-4) JNC
(LHTOS); 12-19 Feb (11-45) CHL (KHD, Albert M. Jenkins); 26 Feb (10)
Jefferson Co. (J. Anthony Koella). Ring-necked Duck: 2 Dec (400) HRA (KHD,
LHD), max. Greater Scaup: 17 Feb (4) BOL (BLC); 25 Feb (310) CHL (KHD),
max. Lesser Scaup: 25 Feb (850) CHL (KHD), max. White-winged Scoter: 6 Jan
(6) BOL (BLC), only report. Hooded Merganser: 1 1 Dec (215) HRA (KHD, LHD);
17 Dec (260) Cove Lake, Campbell Co. (CPN, RC); 27 Dec (286) Kingston Steam
Plant, Roane Co. (Audrey R. Hoff); the last 2 records were unusually large flocks
for the KNX area (fide CPN). Common Merganser: 26 Dec (1) Nickajack Lake,
MAC (JTP); 1 Jan (2) HRA CBC (fide RAR); 12 Jan/17 Feb (1/2) BOL
(RLK/BLC); only reports. Ruddy Duck: 10 Dec (113) CHL (KHD, RLK), max.

Vulture-Barn Owl : Black Vulture: 1 Jan (45) Ten Mile, MEC (CPN, RC); 21 Jan
(250+) coming off roost near Boone Dam, WGC-Sullivan Co. line (LHTOS).
Peregrine Falcon: 15 Jan (1 im) Raccoon Mountain, MAC (KHD, LHD); 16 Jan
(1) HRA (J. Craig Watson, Donald L. Rush, Jr.). American Coot: 14 Dec (2,265)
HRA (TWRA), max. Sandhill Crane: about 25 wintered on Hiwassee Island, MEC
& “another good spring flight” occurred in the CHA area, but numbers had not
been compiled at this writing (fide KHD); 17-24 Feb (100) LOC (Julie Faulk).
LESSER GOLDEN-PLOVER: 4 Dec (1) Tellico Lake, Monroe Co. (Audrey R.
Hoff, Ron D. Hoff), latest ever recorded in the state. Least Sandpiper: 18 Feb (10)
SAB (Albert M. Jenkins), max; irregular & in low numbers at usual wintering sites
of HRA, SAB (fide KHD). Dunlin: 1 1 Dec (100) HRA (KHD, LHD), max, numbers

1989

THE SEASON

65

declined to 40 by 28 Jan (R. John Henderson); 31 Dec (4) BOL (BLC). Common
Snipe: 20 Dec (22) SAB (KHD), max, but low for this site. Bonaparte’s Gull: 27 Jan
(2,500) CHL (Lenny Kafka), extremely large number. Ring-billed Gull: 2,000+ on
CHL (KHD) & 3,000+ on Fort Loudoun Lake, LOC and Knox Co. (JTT) are
considered unusually high numbers. GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL: 24-26
Dec (1 im) CHL (*KHD et al.), 4th documented state record (see Migrant 59:3,
1988). BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKE: bird found 30 Nov (see Fall report) seen
irregularly to 26 Jan on Fort Loudoun Lake, LOC and Knox Co. (RC, *DJS, et al.).
Mourning Dove: 21 Feb (recently fledged yg killed by dog) JNC (fide Sally
Goodin, **); nest with 2 yg that hatched on 15 or 16 Feb, yg fledged 4 Mar, in CHA
(Edwin E. Hughes fide KHD); both indicate earlier than normal nesting. Common
Barn-Owl: fresh pellets collected regularly at 1 JNC site (fide FJA).

Hummingbirds : RUFOUS HUMMINGBIRD: 3-9 Dec (1 ad female) CHA (fide
LHD); 6-8 Dec (1 im male) JNC (RLK); both birds, which had been present at
feeders for several weeks, were captured and flown to New Orleans, Louisiana,
where they were banded and identified by Nancy L. Newfield (fide RLK); 3rd and
4th state records, details to be published. Selasphorus sp.: after the above records
were publicized, 3 additional hummingbirds were reported and successfully
wintered at feeders — 2 in CHA (fide KHD) & 1 in KNX (Jean Chesney fide JBO);
at this writing, documentation had not been submitted, so for now they will be
considered Selasphorus species; details on these sightings should also be published.

Passerines-. Purple Martin: 24 Feb (1) KNX (fide JBO), ers. Red-breasted
Nuthatch: 2 reports in Jan from KNX area (fide CPN); 1 Jan (1) HRA CBC (fide RAR);
only reports. House Wren: 6 Dec/24 Jan (2/1) CHA (R. John Henderson); 11 Jan (1)
Conklin, WGC (RLK); 26 Jan (1) Telford, WGC (BLC). American Robin: especially
numerous all period in JNC area (RLK). Brown Thrasher: only 4 reports in JNC
area (fide RLK). Cedar Waxwing: 1 Jan (1,406) HRA CBC (fide RAR), max.
Loggerhead Shrike: 14 Dec/17 Jan (4/6) WGC (RLK, BLC), above average
numbers. Orange-crowned Warbler: 3 Jan (1) Candies Creek, HRA, Bradley Co.
(J. Craig Watson, Donald L. Rush, Jr.). Yellow-rumped Warbler: unusually high
numbers present in KNX area (fide CPN). Common Yellowthroat: 7 Dec (1) Austin
Springs, WGC (BLC). Vesper Sparrow: 22 Dec/3 Feb (1) Telford, WGC (BLC);
26 Dec (1) Sequatchie Valley, MAC (JTP); 1 Jan (2) HRA CBC (fide RAR).
Lincoln’s Sparrow: 1 Jan (1) HRA CBC (DJS). Northern Oriole: 18 Dec-EOP (1 im
male) KNX (Lou Fuller, Don Powers), at feeder. Purple Finch: very low numbers
regionwide. Pine Siskin: a few reports of up to 5 birds at feeders during Dec & Jan
in KNX area (fide JBO); 1 Jan (11) HRA CBC (fide RAR), only CHA area report;
17 Feb (12) BOL (BLC), only JNC area report. Evening Grosbeak: no reports.

Addendum : SHORT-EARED OWL: 28 Oct 1988 (1 found injured, later died)
Piney Flats, Sullivan Co. (fide JWC), 3rd JNC-Elizabethton area record.

Locations : BOL — Boone Lake, Sullivan & Washington Cos.; CHA — Chattanooga;
CHL — Chickamauga Lake, Hamilton Co. portion; HRA — Hiwassee River Area,
primarily Meigs Co., but also Bradley, McMinn & Rhea Cos.; JNC — Johnson
City; KNX — Knoxville; LOC — Loudon Co.; MAC — Marion Co.; MEC —
Meigs Co.; SAB — Savannah Bay, Hamilton Co.; WGC — Washington Co.

RICHARD L. KNIGHT, 804 North Hills Drive, Johnson City, TN 37604.

66

THE MIGRANT

JUNE

EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION — This was a fairly mild winter. Temperatures
in December and February were near or slightly above normal. However, January
was exceptionally mild. Precipitation was less than normal for December, but
amounts in January and February were a little above average. Snowfall in the
mountains was well below average. Roan Mountain had two snowstorms in
February resulting in accumulations of over 15 inches.

Waterfowl were down in numbers. Winter finches were almost nonexistent.
After last winter’s abundance of Pine Siskins, there was only one record reported
for the current period.

Loon-Hawk: Common Loon: 1 Dec (3) WTL (RLK); 31 Dec (1) SHL (JWC).
Horned Grebe: 31 Dec (2) SHL (JWC). Canada Goose: a max of 76 reported on
WIL (LHTOS). Green-winged Teal: 31 Dec (1) SHL (JWC). American Black
Duck: 10 Dec (6) WIL, very low; 31 Dec (12) SHL (JWC). Northern Pintail: 1 Dec
(1) WIL (RLK), only report. Gadwall: 31 Dec (1) SHL (RPL, GDE). American
Wigeon: none reported after the 31 Dec BR1 CBC. Redhead: 16 Feb (2) Erwin,
Unicoi Co. (FJA). Ring-necked Duck & Lesser Scaup: low numbers. Common
Goldeneye: 10 Dec (1) Ripshin Lake, Carter Co. (FJA). Bufflehead: a max of 87
reported on WIL (LHTOS). Hooded Merganser: 10 Dec-26 Jan (15-8) Ripshin
Lake, Carter Co. (FJA, James W. Brooks, CFW); 31 Dec (30) SHL (JWC); 20 Feb
(7) Watauga River, Carter Co. (CFW). Ruddy Duck: 31 Dec (1) SHL (JWC). Bald
Eagle: 17 Dec (1 ad) ELI CBC; 21 Jan (1 im) WTL (FJA, Cathi Sullins).
Red-shouldered Hawk: 1 wintered along Watauga River (FJA, BLC); 31 Dec (1)
BRI CBC.

Snipe-Waxwing : Common Snipe: small numbers (1-7) wintered along Watauga
River (LHTOS). American Woodcock: 22 Feb-EOP (1, giving courtship flight)
SHL (RPL). Bonaparte’s Gull: 2 Dec (2) ELI (GDE). Red-headed Woodpecker: 1 Dec
(1) WIL (RLK). Red-breasted Nuthatch: only 2 low elevation records all period
(RLK, BLC). Golden-crowned Kinglet: good numbers. Hermit Thrush: numerous.
American Robin: numerous. Cedar Waxwing: fairly common, but no large flocks.

Shrike-Grosbeak : Loggerhead Shrike: 17 Dec (1) ELI CBC; 31 Dec (5) BRI
CBC; 6 Jan (1) ELI (Glen W. Swofford, CFW). Fox Sparrow: low, no reports other
than ELI and RNM CBC. Purple Finch: very scarce in ELI area, only 1 on ELI
CBC and none on RNM CBC; 31 Dec (20) BRI CBC, max. Red Crossbill: no
reports. Swamp Sparrow: 31 Dec (1) SHL (RPL, GDE). White-crowned Sparrow:
unusually scarce in SHL area. Pine Siskin: 17 Dec (1) ELI CBC, only report.
Evening Grosbeak: no reports.

Locations : BRI — Bristol; ELI — Elizabethton; RNM — Roan Mountain, Carter
Co.; SHL — South Holston Lake, Sullivan Co.; WIL — Wilbur Lake, Carter Co.;
WTL — Watauga Lake, Carter Co.

RICHARD P. LEWIS, 407 V.I. Ranch Road, Bristol, TN 37620.

1989

THE SEASON

67

OBSERVERS

FJA — Fred J. Alsop, III
DWB — Donald W. Blunk
CHB — Carolyn H. Bullock
RTC — Robert T. Casey
RC — Richard Clark
LCC — Lula C. Coffey
JWC — J. Wallace Coffey
BLC — Brian L. Cross
DD — Don Davidson
HBD — Helen B. Dinkelspiel
CGD — C. Gerald Drewry, Jr.
KHD — Kenneth H. Dubke
LHD — Lillian H. Dubke
GDE — Glen D. Eller
JAF — James A. Ferguson
MLG — Murray L. Gardler
RCH — Robbie C. Hassler
AHH — Anne H. Heilman
ALH — Anne L. Hettish
RLI — Robert L. Ilardi
VLI — Virginia L. Ilardi
JMJ — Jack M. Jemison
RLK — Richard L. Knight
RPL

SLL — Selma L. Lewis
RWL — Ruth W. Luckado
MLM — Margaret L. Mann
RVM — Ruth V. McMillan
CPN — Charles P. Nicholson
JBO — J. B. Owen
JTP — Johnny T. Parks
EJR — Ernest J. Restivo
VBR — Virginia B. Reynolds
RAR — Robin A. Rudd
DJS — Damien J. Simbeck
DKS — Donald K. Simbeck
RWS — Richard W. Simmers,
CAS — Christopher A. Sloan
NMS — Noreen M. Smith
JTT — James T. Tanner
DFV — David F. Vogt
MGW — Martha G. Waldron
EJW — Ellen J. Walker
CFW — C. Frank Ward
BHW — Barbara H. Wilson
JRW — Jeff R. Wilson
TJW — Terry J. Witt

Richard P. Lewis

LHTOS — Lee R. Herndon Chapter, TOS
MTOS — Memphis Chapter, TOS
TWRA — Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency

Jr.

68

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

The Migrant records observations and studies of birds in Tennessee and adjacent
areas. Most articles are written by members of the Tennessee Ornithological
Society.

SUBMISSIONS: The original and, if feasible, two copies of the manuscript
should be sent to the Editor: T. David Pitts, Biology Department, University of
Tennessee at Martin, Martin, TN 38238. Manuscripts that have been published in
other journals should not be submitted.

MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee
ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, and scientifically accurate.

STYLE: Both articles and short notes are solicited; recent issues of The Migrant
should be used as a guide in the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is
needed, reference should be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals; this
book is available at many public libraries and from the American Institute of
Biological Sciences, 1401 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209.

COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8.5 x 11” paper with
adequate margins for editorial notations. Tables should be prepared on separate
sheets with appropriate title and column headings. Photographs intended for
reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on glossy white paper; black and
white photographs will usually reproduce better than color photographs. Weights,
measurements, and distances should be in metric units. Dates should be in “con-
tinental” form (e.g., 16 March 1968). Use the 24-hour clock (e.g., 0500 or 1900).

NOMENCLATURE: The common and scientific names of a species should be
given the first time it is mentioned. The scientific name should be underlined.
Names should follow the A.O.U. Check-list of North American Birds (1983 edition
or subsequent supplements).

TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive.

ABSTRACT: Manuscripts of five or more typed pages should include an
abstract. The abstract should be less than 5% of the length of the manuscript. It
should include a brief explanation of why the research was done, the major results,
and why the results are important.

LITERATURE CITED: List all literature citations in a Literature Cited section
at the end of the text. Text citations should include the author and year.

IDENTIFICATION: Manuscripts including reports of rare or unusual species or
of species at atypical times will be reviewed by the TOS Certification Committee
before publication in The Migrant. Verifying evidence should include: date, time,
light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment, distance,
behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic markings,
experience of observer, other observers verifying the identification, and reference
works consulted.

REPRINTS: Reprints are available to authors on request. Billing to authors will
be through the TOS Treasurer.

SEASON REPORTS: Observations that are to be considered for publication in
The Season section should be mailed to the appropriate Regional Compiler. Consult
a recent issue of The Migrant for the name and address of the compilers.

CONTENTS

REELFOOT LAKE, TENNESSEE: SUMMER AND EARLY FALL
BIRD OCCURRENCE, 1987

Robert P. Ford 37

1989 SPRING FIELD DAYS

Damien J. Simbeck . . 46

SECOND RECORD OF RUFF IN TENNESSEE

Martha Waldron 51

MINUTES OF THE 1989 BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING AND
ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP MEETING

Cleo Mayfield 52

WILSON’S PLOVER SIGHTING IN SHELBY COUNTY, TENNESSEE

Martha Waldron 56

BOOK REVIEW

James T. Tanner 57

THE SEASON — Winter: 1 December 1988-28 February 1989

John C. Robinson 58

Western Coastal Plain Region. Martha G. Waldron 58

Highland Rim and Basin Region. David F. Vogt 61

Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. Richard L. Knight 63

Eastern Mountain Region. Richard P. Lewis 66

Observers 67

[VOL. 60, NO. 2, 1989]

ACTUAL MAILING DATE: 23 February 1990

THE MIGRANT

A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY

FIRST ISSUE PUBLISHED IN JUNE 1930

Published by

THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Founded at Nashville, Tennessee on 7 October 1915
The T.O.S. is a non-profit, educational, scientific,
and conservation organization.

EDITORIAL STAFF

Editor — T. David Pitts, Biology Dept. UTM, Martin, TN 38238
State Count Compiler — Damien J. Simbeck, Box 3A, Route 2, Loretto,

TN 38469

Season Editor — John Robinson, P.O. Box 1024, Hayward, WI 54843

OFFICERS FOR 1989-1991

President — Barbara Finney, P.O. Box 1 1667, Knoxville, TN 37919
Vice Presidents:

East Term. — J.B. Owen, 2324 Antietam Road, Knoxville, TN 37917
Middle Term. — Portia MacMillan, 3201 Overlook Drive, Nashville,
TN 37212

West Term. — Virginia Reynolds, 4241 Waymar Dr., Memphis, TN
38117

Directors-at-Large :

East Term. — Dee Eiklor, Rt. 1 1, Box 178, Gray, TN 37615
Middle Term. — David Snyder, Biology Department, Austin Peay
State University, Clarksville, TN 37044
West Term. — John R. Conder, P.O. Box 443, Camden, TN 38320
Curator — James T. Tanner, 417 Switzerland Dr., Knoxville, TN 37920
Secretary — Nancy Tanner, 417 Switzerland Dr., Knoxville, TN 37920
Treasurer — George R. Payne, P.O. Box 371648, Memphis, TN 38184

All TOS members receive The Migrant and the TOS newsletter, The Tennessee
Warbler. The newsletter carries information about meetings, forays, and club activities.

Annual dues are $10.00 for an Active membership. Other categories of membership
are: Student - $5.00; Family - $12.00; Library - $15.00; Sustaining - $20.00; Life - $200.00.
Chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses. Dues, contributions, and be-
quests are deductible from Federal income and estate taxes. Back issues of The Migrant
may be purchased from the Curator. Please correspond with the Treasurer for subscriptions,
memberships, and changes of address.

Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December).

Printed by Tennessee Industrial Printing Services, Inc., 51 Miller Ave., Jackson, TN 38305.

Copyright © 1990 by the Tennessee Ornithological Society

THE MIGRANT

Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society,
to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee.

Issued in March, June, September, and December.

VOL. 60 September 1989 NO. 3

The Migrant, 60(2):69-71, 1989

SECOND TENNESSEE BREEDING RECORD OF SAVANNAH
SPARROW, WITH COMMENTS ON ITS EXPANSION INTO
THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS

| ' 1 Ul'j (] /' :

Richard L. Knight
804 North Hills Drive
Johnson City, TN 37604

The breeding range of the Savannah Sparrow ( Passerculus sandwichensis ) in
the eastern United States is described as extending south to “. . .Kentucky, eastern
Tennessee, western Virginia, western Maryland. . .” (A.O.U. 1983:706). The inclusion
of Tennessee in this range was based on one record: a nest with three eggs found
on 2 July 1973 in Hawkins County (Alsop 1978). While doing field work for the
Tennessee Breeding Bird Atlas Project, I discovered the state’s second breeding
record. This note documents that record and briefly discusses the species’ breeding
range and status in Tennessee and nearby states, primarily within the Southern
Appalachian Mountain Region.

On 14 June 1987 1 observed a Savannah Sparrow singing from a fence separating
two grassy upland fields near Limestone, Washington County, Tennessee. This bird
was seen again on 23 and 29 June and was heard singing on the latter date. Then
on 10 July, after the fields had been mowed for hay, two adult Savannah Sparrows
were seen with two fledglings. The young birds resembled the adults, but had a
downy appearance and shorter tails, and could flutter only a few meters at a time.
This site is 1 1 km southwest of Jonesborough and about 30 km south-southeast of
the Hawkins County site. The elevation is 445 m and the terrain consists of gently
rolling hills adjacent to a creek bottom.

Portions of these fields were dominated by several different forbs; however, the
Savannah Sparrows were found in a grassy section with no forbs. The only other
birds in the same fields were Dickcissel ( Spiza americana ), Grasshopper Sparrow
( Ammodramus savannarum ), Red-winged Blackbird (. Agelaius phoeniceus ), and
Eastern Meadowlark ( Sturnella magna). One interesting contrast between the two
Tennessee breeding records is that Alsop (op cit.) mentioned not hearing even a
single song of the Savannah Sparrow despite numerous hours spent at the Hawkins
County site, whereas I heard the Limestone bird sing several times on two of the
three visits before the fledglings were found. A search of this site in June 1988
failed to find this species, perhaps because the fields were heavily grazed.

There are two other summer sight records in Tennessee that I am aware of: one
bird on 13 June 1972 near Elizabethton in Carter County (previously unpublished
record in the files of the Lee R. Herndon Chapter of T.O.S.) and one bird on 2 July

69

70

THE MIGRANT

SEPTEMBER

1988, but not found on later visits, in northwestern Cocke County (Knight 1988).
All four of these records are in the Ridge and Valley Region of northeast Tennessee.

Alsop (1978) summarized the breeding status of the Savannah Sparrow in
Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Subsequent breeding records
and/or summer sightings have come from these states (Maryland excluded from
this discussion) plus North Carolina (Figure 1); therefore, further discussion seems
warranted.

Kentucky: Three breeding records are known: adult feeding a fledgling on 28 June
1969 in Oldham County (Stamm and McConnell 1971), “one nest” in the summer of
1973 in Fayette County (Kleen 1973), and a pair, one of which “carried food and was
agitated,” on 13 July 1988 in Lewis County (Stamm 1988:66). In addition, continued
summer sightings of territorial males in Oldham and Jefferson Counties suggest that
nesting “takes place at least occasionally” (B. Palmer-Ball pers. comm.). These counties
are all in northern Kentucky. Allaire (1980) considered Savannah Sparrow as a likely
candidate for future breeding on reclaimed surface coal mines in eastern Kentucky.
Virginia: Three breeding records are known for this state also: nestlings on 15 June 1973
in Highland County, flightless young on 19 June 1975 in Tazewell County, and
“adults carrying food to nest site and removing fecal sac” on 21 June 1979 in
Augusta County (Kain 1987:111). Recent summer sightings come from Carroll,
Montgomery, Smyth, and Washington Counties. These are all in the Mountains
and Valleys Region of western Virginia, where the Savannah Sparrow is considered
a “rare and local summer resident, apparently increasing in recent years” (op. cit.).
West Virginia: Hall (1983:148) states that “The main summer range of the Savan-
nah Sparrow is along the axis of the [Allegheny Mountains].. .south to northern
Greenbrier County and occasionally Monroe County” in eastern West Virginia.
There are “definite nesting records” from eight counties and summer sightings from at
least 13 other counties, with the southernmost breeding record from Raleigh County.
North Carolina: LeGrand (1983) found single territorial Savannah Sparrows at
three sites in Alleghany County, in northwestern North Carolina, on 14 June 1983. A
singing male was present at one of the same sites on 19 May 1985, but “conclusive
breeding evidence” is still lacking for this state (H. LeGrand pers. comm.)

An analysis of the 1965-1979 Breeding Bird Survey data indicated a stable
continental population of Savannah Sparrow, although there was a local increase
in Ohio (Robbins et al. 1986). Southward expansion in the mid-west (Peterjohn
1983) accounts for the species’ presence in northern Kentucky and western West
Virginia. The apparent gap between these locations and the string of sites from
eastern West Virginia to northeastern Tennessee may indicate expansion from
another direction (down the Appalachian Mountains from western Pennsylvania
— see Hall 1985) or may simply represent gaps of coverage in a broad front of
expansion. “Since the 1950s this species has expanded its range westward and
downslope” within West Virginia (Whitmore and Hall 1978:8). Expansion into the
other states discussed here apparently began in the early 1970s. Further field work
is needed to clarify the picture.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I thank Brainard Palmer-Ball, Jr. and Harry E. LeGrand, Jr. for providing information
on records from Kentucky and North Carolina, respectively. I also thank Charles P.
Nicholson for plotting the base map of counties and T. David Pitts for helpful suggestions.

LITERATURE CITED

ALLAIRE, P.N. 1980. Bird species on mined lands. Institute for Mining and Minerals
Research, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington.

1989

SAVANNAH SPARROW

71

Alsop, F.J., ID. 1978. Savannah Sparrow (Passe rculus sandwic he nsis) nesting in upper east
Tennessee. Migrant 49:1-4.

American Ornithologists’ Union. 1983. Check-list of North American birds, 6th ed.
Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas.

Hall, G.A. 1983. West Virginia birds. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ. No. 7, Pittsburg.
HALL, G.A. 1985. Appalachian region. Am. Birds 39:911-914.

Kain, T. (ed.) 1987. Virginia’s birdlife: An annotated checklist. Va. Soc. Omithol.
KNIGHT, R.L. 1988. The season: Eastern ridge and valley region. Migrant 59:126-129.
Kleen, V.M. 1973. Middlewestem prairie region. Am. Birds 27:874-878.

LeGrand, H.E., Jr. 1983. Savannah Sparrows on territory in Alleghany County, N.C. Chat
47:72-73.

PETERJOHN, B.G. 1983. Middlewestem prairie region. Am. Birds 37:992-995.

Robbins, C.S., D. Bystrak, P.H. Geissler. 1986. The breeding bird survey: Its first fifteen
years, 1965-1979. Fish and Wildlife Serv. Res. Publ. 157, Washington, D.C.

Stamm, A.L. 1988. The nesting season, summer 1988. Ky. Warbler 64:61-67
STAMM, A.L. and D. McConnell. 1971. Savannah Sparrows breeding in Oldham County.
Ky. Warbler 47:45.

Whitmore, R.C. and G.A. Hall. 1978. The response of passerine species to a new resource:
Reclaimed surface mines in West Virginia. Am. Birds 32:6-9.

Accepted 23 January 1989.

Figure 1. Location (by county) of breeding and summer sight records of Savannah
Sparrow in Tennessee (TN), North Carolina (NC), Virginia (VA), West Virginia
(WV) and Kentucky (KY).

The Migrant, 60(3):72 , 1989.

PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE
Barbara W. Finney, President

In 1915, the Tennessee Ornithological Society was
organized “to promote the science of ornithology in
Tennessee, to publish the results of its investigations,
to stand for the passage and enforcement of wise and
judicious laws for bird protection, and to promote bird
study and protection by any other means that may from
time to time be deemed advisable.”

Now is an appropriate time to review the accomplish-
ments of 75 years and to plan for the future. We hope
that many chapters will compile their histories or update
existing ones. While it takes the involvement and
commitment of each individual, accomplishments are
greater when issues are addressed through the organiza-
tion as a whole.

To keep TOS functioning requires the time and talents of the professional
ornithologists, the count compilers, the program givers, the newsletter editors, the
atlasers, the feederwatchers, the cookie bakers and all of the rest who volunteer
their time. All of TOS is made up of volunteers. The richness and variety of your
interests and your contributions and the opportunity to share an interest in birds
with people from across Tennessee are the major benefits of being a part of TOS.
You, the members, are the major resource of the Tennessee Ornithological Society.

The Migrant, 60(3):72-73 , 1989.

ANOTHER CONSIDERATION OF YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO
CASUALTIES AT A TENNESSEE TV TOWER

Robert L. Crawford
208 Junius Street
Thomasville, Georgia 31792

Hamel (1987) commented on an unusually large number of Yellow-billed
Cuckoos ( Coccyzus americanus) recorded at a Tennessee TV tower during August-
November 1985. Twenty-seven cuckoos were recorded (previous seasonal highs
averaged five birds), most were represented only by their rectrices, and only five
individuals “had obviously died in collision with the tower.” Hamel noted that the
partial carcasses were found directly beneath the tower, that emerging periodical
cicadas might have increased the numbers of cuckoos in the vicinity of the tower,
and seemed to suggest that Great Homed Owls ( Bubo virginianus), which normally
scavenge among the tower casualties, acquired the cuckoos elsewhere and brought
them to the tower site to eat.

Hamel’s suggestion that an irregular environmental variable like emerging of
cicadas might affect bird populations is a valuable insight, but I believe that bird
remains found at tower sites should be regarded as tower kills unless strong,

72

1989

CUCKOO CASUALTIES

73

unambiguous evidence exists to the contrary. Otherwise, speculations and second-
guessings could be raised about any record that differs from a perceived norm.

Skewed numbers of birds recorded at towers, caused by larger than normal
yearly, seasonal, and single-night kills are not unusual. For example, at the WCTV
tower in Leon County, Florida, numbers of Yellow-rumped Warblers ( Dendroica
coronata ) varied greatly during one 8-year period (Terrill and Crawford 1988). Of
477 birds, 264 occurred in one winter; the next highest counts were 76 and 65.
These proportions are nearly identical to those of the cuckoos. Again from WCTV,
there are the examples of 104 Gray-cheeked Thrushes ( Catharus minimus ) (of a
25-year spring total of 156) on 2 May 1964, and 880 Palm Warblers (D. palmarum)
(of a 25-year total of 1 827) on 9 October 1955 (Stoddard and Norris 1967, Crawford
1981).

Plucking of tower kills by Great Homed Owls has been noted before, by the late
Herbert L. Stoddard, Sr. at WCTV. His unpublished WCTV tower notes of 30
August 1957 record these observations (emphases Stoddard’s): “The Horned Owls
really made a haul last night. They got most of the dead birds in lighted area near
tower and over half of those in first yards.... A very interesting feature was that
the Owls very carefully picked some 12 or more birds. Can it be they realized there
was a large food supply on ground & avoided eating many feathers as to do so
would limit capacity! Picked up whole R.E. Vireo, as carefully picked as a Cooper’s
Hawk would do. But Owl left 2 feathers to prove identity! They frequently pulled
off a whole wing of a Red-eyed Vireo and cast it aside with chunk of meat attached.
On the other hand in my tests the owls frequently swallow small birds without
leaving any feathers.... But the matter of picking the birds roughly when a great
many are everywhere in sight explains the very many feather piles found in large
kills last year.” Thus, the owls at the Tennessee site, confronted with several
cuckoos at a time, might similarly have plucked out the long tails of the cuckoos.
The rectrices of Yellow-billed Cuckoos account for one-half of the birds’ body
length (Coues 1887) and would constitute a large, indigestible mass if eaten.

I suggest that in autumn 1985, for whatever reason, more cuckoos than normal
hit the Tennessee tower, and that scavenging owls and possibly other animals
partially plucked the birds before eating them. This seems a likely and more simple
scenario than Hamel’s.

LITERATURE CITED

COUES, E. 1887. Key to North American Birds. Boston: Estes and Lauriat.

Crawford, R.L. 1981. Bird casualties at a Leon County, Florida TV tower: a 25-year
migration study. Bull. Tall Timbers Res. Sta. 22:1-30.

Hamel, P.B. 1987. An improbable number of Yellow-billed Cuckoo casualties at a Ten-
nessee TV tower. Migrant 58:86-89.

Stoddard, H.L., and R.A. Norris. 1967. Bird casualties at a Leon County, Florida TV
tower: an eleven-year study. Bull. Tall Timbers Res. Sta. 8:1-104.

Terrill, S.B., and R.L. Crawford. 1988. Additional evidence of nocturnal migration by
Yellow-rumped Warblers in winter. Condor 90:261-263.

Accepted 9 June 1989.

The Migrant , 60(3):74, 1989.

REPLY TO CRAWFORD
Paul B. Hamel

Tennessee Department of Conservation
701 Broadway

Nashville, Tennessee 37219-5237

The number of Yellow-billed Cuckoos ( Coccyzus americanus ) recovered from
the WSMV-TV tower in Nashville, Davidson Co., Tennessee in August-Novem-
ber, 1985, was so improbable than an exploration of the fact of their numbers was
warranted. Indeed, the probability of recovering 27 cuckoos in a single season,
assuming conditions in 1985 were representative of those in 1960-1984, was less
than once in 100,000 years (log transformed data; mean = 1.75, standard deviation
= 1.22, Z= 18, p <0.00001)! I suggested that something other than simply collisions
with the tower was involved, at least in part, in the large total. Crawford ( Migrant
60(3):72-73, 1989) disagrees and marshalls contrary evidence from other towers.

I appreciate Crawford’s attention to this work, and his sharing additional data
with us. The work he discusses is important work in the area of analysis of TV
tower casualties. The fact that he is not surprised at such a large number of cuckoo
casualties is significant. Neither of us can prove our assertions, however. Data on
TV tower casualties are reports of results, not investigations of causes. Examination
of data for a particular species in a particular year, or comparisons of patterns of
casualty records with environmental parameters, are merely correlative attempts at
explanations. We cannot refute hypotheses in the usual scientific way, because the
opportunity for control and replication is not frequently possible. So we speculate.

Crawford uses three cases to point out that distributions of casualties often
consist of many low numbers and a few very large ones. All three cases involve
passerine birds; none involves a non-passerine such a cuckoo. The most similar
case, Yellow-rumped Warbler ( Dendroica coronata ), is not strictly comparable to
the present one because it did not take place during migration and the species in
question is a winter resident in the area of the Leon Co., Florida, TV tower. The
other two cases are each of a large total on a single night, rather than a consistent
pattern of high counts night after night during a single migration. I thus maintain
my earlier suggestion that something else may have been going on a WSMV in 1985.

Our current work at WSMV involves continuing collections at the tower and
studies that attempt to explain why the total numbers of birds recovered at the tower
have become much less in recent years than in earlier ones.

Accepted 21 September 1989.

The Migrant, 60(3):74-75 , 1989.

SHARP-SHINNED HAWK DIES ENTANGLED IN VINES

Michael L. Bramlett and T. David Pitts
Biology Department

University of Tennessee at Martin, Martin, Tennessee 38238

A juvenile male Sharp-shinned Hawk ( Accipiter striatus) was found dead on
Grassy Island (Obion County) of Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee on 20 November 1988.
James Bramlett found the bird hanging head-down in a thick clump of sweet winter

74

1989

SHARP-SHINNED HAWK

75

grape ( Vitis cinerea ) vines at the edge of a wooded area; a vine was firmly wrapped
around the neck of the hawk. Immediately after collection (with the vine still around
the neck) the bird was frozen. The hawk was prepared as a study skin on 18 January
1989 by T. D. Pitts and placed in the University of Tennessee at Martin bird
collection (UTMB No. 464). At the time of preparation it weighed 94 g; its total
length was 285 mm, and its tail length was 133 mm.

The keel of the sternum protruded, no body fat was found, and the digestive tract
was empty. No wounds or injuries were found. Mueller et al. (Bird-Banding 50:
34-44, 1979) found juvenile male Sharp-shinned Hawks in autumn to have an
average tail length of 134 mm and an average weight of 98 g (± 5.8); the bird
described here was of normal size but was slightly below average weight. Its
position at the time of discovery and its body condition suggest the bird became
tangled in the vines and died of either starvation or asphyxiation shortly before it
was discovered.

Accepted 28 July 1989.

The Migrant, 60(3):74-80, 1989.

CONSTITUTION
of the

TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Organized October 7, 1915
As Amended May 2, 1987

ARTICLE I — NAMES AND PURPOSES
Sec. 1. This organization shall be called the Tennessee Ornithological Society.

Sec. 2. The purposes of this Society shall be to promote the science of ornithology
in Tennessee, to publish the results of its investigations, to stand for the
passage and enforcement of wise and judicious laws for bird protection,
and to promote bird study and protection by any other means that may
from time to time be deemed advisable.

ARTICLE II — MEMBERSHIP

Sec. 1 . The membership shall consist of Active, Family, Sustaining, Life, Honorary,
and Student Members, actively engaged in the study of ornithology in
Tennessee or otherwise interested in the bird life of Tennessee.

Sec. 2. Family Memberships are available for couples, or parents and their
children under 18 years of age.

Sec. 3. Any person of eminence in ornithology, or of outstanding merit in the
Tennessee Ornithological Society may be elected as Honorary Member.
Honorary Members may be elected only by a unanimous vote of the Board
of Directors present and candidates’ names must be presented to the
Society at least three months prior to election. Such election shall be for life.

Sec. 4. A Student Member shall be a student enrolled in grades one through
twelve.

76

THE MIGRANT

SEPTEMBER

Sec. 5. The Board of Directors is empowered to drop any member for sufficient
cause by a vote of two-thirds of the voting members present.

ARTICLE III — DUES

Sec. 1. The annual dues for each class of membership shall be as set forth in the Bylaws.

Sec. 2. No initiation fee shall be required. New members shall pay a year’s dues in
advance upon acceptance. All dues thereafter shall be payable in advance,
as of January 1.

Sec. 3. Any member in arrears for dues one year is automatically dropped from
the rolls. Such person may be reinstated by paying current dues.

ARTICLE IV — BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Sec. 1. All business and property of the Society shall be managed by a Board of
Directors to be elected by the membership of the Society, together with
the President who shall be ex officio Director.

Sec. 2. There shall be elected from each chapter a Director for each ten members
or major part thereof. No chapter shall have the right to elect more than
five members to this board. Each Director shall serve for two years or until
a successor is elected. Chapters with more than one Director shall elect,
as nearly as possible, one-half of its Directors each year.

In addition to the Directors elected by the chapters, three Directors from the
State at large shall be nominated by the Board of Directors and submitted
to the annual meeting for election, but any member may exercise the
privilege of nomination to the Board of Directors at this annual meeting.

Sec. 3. The Board of Directors shall have charge of all funds raised for endowment.

The annual dues of the members shall be used for the current expenses of the
Society, but only the income from the endowment funds may be used for this
purpose. The principal of endowment funds shall remain intact from year to
year. The Board of Directors shall appoint a Finance Committee and may
appoint other such committees as they deem necessary for raising endowments
or for other matters relating to finances. The personnel of these committees
shall be selected by the Board of Directors prior to the annual meeting.

ARTICLE V — OFFICERS

Sec. 1 . The Officers of this Society shall be a President, a Vice-President for each
Grand Division of the State, a Secretary, a Treasurer, a Curator, an Editor, and
a President-Elect. These officers shall serve for a period of two years, except
the President-Elect who will serve for one year only before assuming the
office of President. Upon action of the report of the Nominating Committee,
a slate of officers shall be proposed by the Board of Directors and submitted
to the Society at its annual meeting, but any member shall have the right to
put in nomination the name of any other members from the floor. The term of
the offices shall begin at the end of the business meeting at which they are
elected. The retiring Treasurer and Secretary shall prepare and turn over their
records to their successor within thirty days. Officers other than the
President have no vote on the Board of Directors unless also an elected Director.

1989

CONSTITUTION

77

Sec. 2. Vacancy in any office shall be filled by the Board of Directors, except in
the office of the President. In that case, the Vice-President from the
Division in which the President had membership shall succeed.

Sec. 3. The President shall have general supervision of the affairs of the Society
and shall preside at its meetings. The President shall be Chairman ex
officio of the Board of Directors. The Chairman is expected to arrange by
correspondence some weeks in advance the agenda for the meetings of
the Board.

Sec. 4. The Vice-Presidents shall give any assistance the President may solicit
from them. The Vice-President from the Division in which the President
has membership shall act in the President’s absence.

Sec. 5. The Secretary shall keep the minutes of the meetings, attend to official
correspondence, prepare notices of meetings, and work to create interest
in the activities of the Society.

Sec. 6. The Treasurer shall collect the dues from all members and receive any
other funds that may come to the Society; give attention to maintaining
and increasing the membership; pay all bills upon their approval by the
President; present to the Society an annual statement, as of the last day of
the month preceding the annual meeting, of all receipts and expenditures.
Upon its audit by the Finance Committee, this statement shall be filed with
the Secretary. The Treasurer shall submit semi-annual reports to the Board
of Directors.

Sec. 7. The Curator shall have charge of all specimens that may come into the
possession of the Society and shall be the keeper of all literature, field
records, papers and the like that may come into the possession of the
Society.

Sec. 8. The Editor shall secure and prepare, with the aid of the editorial staff,
suitable material for publication in the Society’s quarterly, THE
MIGRANT , and arrange for the printing and mailing of same.

Sec. 9. The President-Elect shall not be an officer of the Board of Directors and
shall have no voting voice in that body, unless serving in some other
capacity. The President-Elect should attend the meetings of the Board of
Directors, become acquainted with the business of the Society, and attend
all meetings.

ARTICLE VI — COMMITTEES

Sec. 1. A Nominating Committee shall be appointed by the President prior to the
end of the calendar year in which the new President assumes office. Said
committee shall serve for a period of two years or until the next President
takes office.

It shall be the duty of this committee to propose to the Board of Directors
at the annual meeting in years of even date a President-Elect, to take office
as President the following year, and in years of odd date to propose to the
Board a complete slate of officers. The President-Elect shall be chosen

78

THE MIGRANT

SEPTEMBER

from that Division of the State whose turn it will be to receive the
presidency for a full two year term. Nominations from the floor for any
office may be made at the annual meeting.

Sec. 2. The Finance Committee, appointed by the Board of Directors upon
recommendation of the President, shall consist of five members, of which
number the Treasurer and the Chairman of the Endowment Committee,
if there be one, shall be members ex officio.

The Committee shall make an annual audit of the books and records of
the Treasurer, including a physical count of such assets as are disclosed
thereby, and at such other times as requested by the President. Such special
request is to be approved by the Board of Directors. Said annual examina-
tion and audit shall be made at such time as will accurately disclose the
condition of the Treasurer’s books and records as of the end of an
operating or fiscal year. A report of same is to be furnished the President
prior to the annual meeting. The Chairman of the Finance Committee shall
report at the annual meeting on the audit taken.

The Committee shall review and evaluate annually the intended purpose,
nature and then current use, of any and all endowment funds. A report of
such review shall be made in writing to the President.

The Committee shall advise the Treasurer at such times as it deems
appropriate on the transfer of cash funds from a checking to a savings
account in a banking corporation or a Federal savings and loan associa-
tion. The savings balance to be carried in any single institution is not to
exceed the amount of deposit insured.

The Committee shall recommend to the President the establishment,
maintenance, or termination, of any so-called “special funds” as may
exist, whether active or inactive.

ARTICLE VII — MEETINGS AND QUORUM

Sec . 1 . The Society shall hold an annual meeting each Spring. A fall meeting may also
be arranged at such time and place as the Board of Directors may decide.

Sec. 2. Special meetings may be held upon the call of the President after consult-
ing with members of the Board of Directors.

Sec. 3. Fifteen Voting Members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of
business. Voting Members are defined as Active, Sustaining, Life, Honorary
and Family Memberships, which shall have one vote. The affirmative vote
of a majority of the Voting Members present at any regular meeting shall
suffice for the passage of any matter except that given in Article IX.

Sec. 4. A quorum of the Board of Directors shall be at least nine Directors present
in person or represented by proxies in writing. At least six of said nine
members shall be present and vote in person. The President shall request
proxies for each meeting. The affirmative vote of a majority of the
Directors present at any regular meeting shall suffice for the passage of
any matter except that given in Articles II, IX, X and XI.

1989

CONSTITUTION

79

Sec. 5. The rules contained in the current edition of Robert's Rules of Order
Newly Revised shall govern the Society in all cases to which they are
applicable and in which they are not inconsistent with this Constitution
and Bylaws and any special rules of order the Society may adopt.

ARTICLE VIII — CHAPTERS

Sec. 1. Local chapters may be established at any point in the State where there is
sufficient interest and proper leadership. A Chapter, to be recognized as such,
must maintain a membership of ten or more in good standing in the Society.

Sec. 2. The meetings of such chapters may be conducted as outlined for the
society as a whole, or they may establish their own rules of procedure.
They shall elect their own local officers.

Sec. 3. Dues for local chapters shall conform to those prescribed in Article ID, Sec. 1.
They shall be collected by the lcoal treasurer and sent to the State Treasurer.

Sec. 4. The organization of local chapters is encouraged by the Society. Those
who enroll in local chapters shall be members of the Society and are
expected to support the state- wide work of the Society.

ARTICLE IX — AMENDMENTS

Any chapter through its secretary, or any Voting Member, may propose
an amendment to the Constitution by notifying all officers, Directors,
local chapter presidents and secretaries, of the proposed change, in writing
by first class mail, thirty days before a meeting of the Board of Directors.
The Secretary of the Society shall furnish names and addresses of these
parties on request.

The President shall present the proposed amendment to the meeting of the
Board of Directors, who may, by two-thirds vote, accept, reject, or revise,
in whole or in part, the proposed change. If accepted as presented or revised,
the Board of Dirctors shall, through the President, present the resulting
proposal to the following regular meeting of the membership. If rejected,
the proponent may present the proposal to the membership, providing the
foregoing notification requirement has been met. In either case, the
proposal would become an amendment to the Constitution if approved by
two-thirds of the Voting Members present at the regular meeting.

ARTICLE X — BYLAWS

The Board of Directors may adopt such Bylaws for the government of the
Society as may be necessary provided they do not contravene any part of
the constitution. Bylaws or amendments thereto must be supported by a
two-thirds vote. The subject matter for such Bylaws shall be submitted in
writing thirty days before a meeting of the Board of Directors to all
Directors and to local chapter’s presidents and secretaries. Failing such
submission, adoption must be by unanimous vote of those present.

80

THE MIGRANT

SEPTEMBER

ARTICLE XI — DISSOLUTION

Sec. 1. Ninety days prior to the annual or special meeting at which action to
dissolve is to be voted on, the Secretary of the Society shall notify by first
class mail the three Vice-Presidents, the Directors from the State-at-large,
and the president of each chapter whose responsibility it will be to notify
all Directors representing that chapter.

Sec. 2. The Board of Directors, by a two-thirds vote of those present, may adopt
a proposal to dissolve the Society.

Sec. 3. A simple majority of the votes of members present at the meeting is
required to approve the proposal dissolving the Society.

Sec. 4. Assets of the Society are to be distributed to an organization which
qualifies as a tax exempt organization under Section 501 (c)(3) of the 1954
Internal Revenue Code, as amended.

END

BYLAWS
of the

TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
DUES

The annual dues to be paid to the Tennessee Ornithological Society by each
member shall be as follows:

Active Member, $10.00; Sustaining Member, $20.00; Student Member,
$5.00.

A Family Membership shall pay annual dues to the Society of $12.00 and
shall receive one copy of each issue of THE MIGRANT.

A member may become a Life Member by a single payment of $200.00
to the Society’s endowment fund or by four consecutive annual payments
of $50.00 each. The member is to pay only the total amount due for Life
Membership at the time of the first payment.

Libraries and similar subscribers shall pay $15.00 per year.

Honorary Members shall not be liable for dues.

Local chapters may add to the dues of members whatever is necessary to cover
the expenses of the local chapter.

All members and subscribers shall receive THE MIGRANT. No member who
has failed to pay his dues by April 1 shall receive any issue of THE MIGRANT
beyond the March issue, until such dues are paid. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer
to keep the Secretary up-to-date on the membership in good standing.

(The charter of the TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY was granted
by the State of Tennessee, December 14, 1938, and recorded on Page 281 of the
Corporation Record Book, Miscellaneous U. No. 10656.)

The Migrant, 60(3):81-92, 1989.

THE SEASON

John C. Robinson, Editor

Localized flooding occurred at scattered sites throughout the state this spring as
rainfall amounts approached or exceeded normal levels. A wide range of temperature
extremes was documented by the regional compilers, and snowfall as late as 7 May
was noted in the two easternmost regions of the state.

Although most observers are submitting their reports on time, there are still a
few observers who submit their data well beyond the due date. This practice not
only delays the printing schedule of The Migrant , but it may also result in some
observations being omitted from The Season report. All observers are urged to
submit their data in a timely manner. Documentation of unusual sightings was fairly
consistent, but again, at least one noteworthy record of a very rare species had to
be omitted from the text of this report due to lack of documentation. Please submit
details of all unusual sightings to your regional compiler.

The 1989 spring season saw a continuation of the studies on eagle and heron
nesting activities, as summarized in the Western Coastal Plain Region report. The
number of active heron rookeries in west Tennessee was especially encouraging.
Also of note this season was the wide range of species that arrived notably early
or departed notably late (e.g., dowitchers and White-winged Scoters in east
Tennessee, Water Pipit in west Tennessee, and Northern Parula in middle Ten-
nessee, among others). This spring also saw the return of Scissor-tailed Fly catchers
in east and middle Tennessee and Smith’s Longspur in west Tennessee. Two
Long-eared Owls in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park represented one of
very few records for the Eastern Mountain Region. A Ruff lingered for 4 days at
Austin Springs, thus marking the 2nd east Tennessee record for this species.

As a printing aid, the following abbreviations are used in the text: ad — adult;
EOP — end of period; ers — earliest reported sighting; lrs — latest reported
sighting; max — maximum 1-day count during period; m. ob. — many observers;
NWR — National Wildlife Refuge; ph — photographs; SBC — Spring Bird Count
(except in Western Coastal Plain Region); S.P. — State Park; WMA — Wildlife
Management Area; * — documented record.

WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN REGION — Climatic conditions did not appear
to play an important part in migration this season. A great deal of interest was
focused, therefore, on nesting birds such as House Finches, Great Blue Herons,
egrets and, most notably, the Bald Eagle. Visitors included a Northern Saw-whet
Owl, a Sandhill Crane and an Eared Grebe. The thoroughness and accuracy of
sightings have been enhanced by the dedication of observers. Thank you very much
for your work and timely reports.

81

82

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SEPTEMBER

Table 1. 18 April 1989 aerial survey of heron colonies in western Tennessee.

Colony Number*/County

Species

Total Nests Confirmed Active Nests

26/Benton

GBH

353

310

27/Carroll

GBH

16

14

28/Carroll

GBH

6

6

29/Carroll

GBH

Inactive

—

30/Carroll

GBH

40+/-

19

31/Carroll

GBH

Inactive

—

32/Weakley

GBH

Inactive

—

33/Carroll

GBH

1

1

34/Weakley

GBH

49

44

35/Weakley

GBH

5

4

36/Weakley

GBH

61

42

37/Weakley

GBH

7

6

38/Henry

GBH

Inactive

—

39/Henry

GBH

9

7

40/Lake**

GBH

?

9

GE

?

7

41/Lauderdale

GBH

101

90

A/Lauderdale**

GBH

366 (both

32

GE

species)

28

* Colony numbers correspond with Tennessee Valley Authority survey system.

** Photographic film did nor clearly differentiate the species. It appeared, however, that the
Great Egret was the predominant species.

Grebe-Merganser. Homed Grebe: 10 Mar (32) Paris Landing S.P., Henry Co.
(AHH). EARED GREBE: 25 Mar (1, winter plumage, but changing) Robco Lake,
SBC (BBC, LCC), first West TN record. Double-crested Cormorant: 16/24 Apr
(70/52) LKC, 1/3 May (100/75) Is 13 (WGC). American Bittern: 16 Apr (1) Hwy 79
and Great River Road, LKC (WGC); 16 Apr (1) PEF (VBR, MGW, GRP, JBP);
28 Apr (2) Hooper Marsh, DYC (WGC); 30 Apr/2 May (1/1) ESL (JRW). Least
Bittern: 28 Apr (2) Hooper Marsh, DYC (WGC). American White Pelican: 2 May

(2) Is 13, LKC (WGC). Black-crowned Night-Heron: 26 Mar (2) Coro Lake, SBC
(JRW, DAD). Yellow -crowned Night-Heron: 12 Mar (1) Martin Luther King Park,
SBC (JRW). Great Blue Heron (GBH)/Great Egret (GE): Data on heron colonies
surveyed by Gerald P. Smith and Truman Stark are provided (see Table 1).
Red-breasted Merganser: 30 Apr (5) SFP (JRW); 1 May (6) Is 13 (WGC).

Osprey-Tern : Osprey: 1 1 Apr (1) SFP (Gary McIntyre). Mississippi Kite: 26 Apr

(3) LKC (WGC); 30 Apr (42) SFP (MTOS); 13 May (58) Lower Hatchie NWR,
Lauderdale Co. (Joe B. Guinn). Bald Eagle: There were 12 active nests statewide
this year. Eight of these had young; however, only 6 nests successfully fledged
birds. One nest was destroyed by wind and the second was hit by lightning. Both
ad pairs of the destroyed nests were not injured. One pair attempted a second
nesting. Six of the adults wore leg bands, but only 2 bands could be read, from
which it was determined that both birds had originated from the Tennessee hacking
program (Robert Hatcher, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency). Sora: 8-30 Apr (14-)
ESL (JRW, MTOS); 28 Apr (2) Hooper Marsh, DYC (WGC); 8 May (4) Hwy 79,

1989

THE SEASON

83

LKC (WGC). Virginia Rail: 20/29 Apr (1/1) ESL (JRW). SANDHILL CRANE:
24 Apr (2) Germantown, SBC (Murray Gardler). Black-bellied Plover: 9 Apr (2)
ESL (JRW), early; 1 1 May (1) ESL (JRW); 3/17 May (4/1) Phillippy Pits (WGC);
15 May (1) Is 13 (WGC). Black-necked Stilt: 19 Mar-EOP (2) ESL (JRW, MTOS).
Willet: 2 May (1) Phillippy Pits, LKC (WGC). Ruddy Turnstone: 26 May (15)
Phillippy Pits, LKC (WGC). Dunlin: 20/29 Apr (1/3) ESL (JRW); 5 May (4) Hwy 79,
LKC (WGC); 23/27 May (1/1) Is 13 (WGC). White-rumped Sandpiper: 9/14 May
(2/17) ESL (JRW, DAD); 27 May (10) Is 13 (WGC). Wilson’s Phalarope: 9-11 Apr
(1 male) ESL (BBC, LCC, JRW). Laughing Gull: 1 May (1, breeding plumage) Is

13 (WGC). Franklin’s Gull: 27 Feb-12 Mar (1) ESL (JRW); 27 May (1) Is 13
(WGC). Ring-billed Gull: 26/30 May (3/30) Is 13 (WGC). Herring Gull: 27 May
(1) Is 13 (WGC). Forster’s Tem: 1 1/12 Mar (1/2) ESL (JRW); 2 May (56) Is 13, REL
and Phillippy (WGC), highest number recorded in west TN; 27 May (1) Is 13 (WGC).

Owl-Finch : Northern Saw-whet Owl: 2 Mar (1) Mud Island, SBC (Knox
Martin). Olive-sided Flycatcher: 13 May (1) Coro Lake, SBC (JRW). Alder
Fly catcher: 14 May (1) Bartlett, SBC (JRW, Robert Casey). Willow Flycatcher:

14 May (1) Bartlett, SBC (JRW, Robert Casey). Least Flycatcher: 28 Apr (1) PEF
(VBR, CHB). Tree Swallow: 12 Mar (1) ESL (JRW); 19 May (9) Hatchie NWR,
Haywood Co. (BBC, LCC). Brown Creeper: 25 Apr (1 singing male) Wolf River,
N of Rossville, Fayette Co., 26 May (1 singing male) Old Cranetown, REL, LKC;
none were found on the South Fork of the Forked Deer River in Madison Co. (RPF).
Bewick’s Wren: 21 May (1) Munford, Tipton Co. (Dick Preston). House Wren: 1 Apr
(1) PEF (VBR, MGW); 29-30 Apr (1) ESL (JRW, DAD). Water Pipit: 20 Apr (4)
ESL (JRW); 11 May (1) ESL (JRW), very late. Cedar Waxwing: 30 May (1) Big
Sandy Tennessee NWR (BBC, LCC), Breeding Bird Survey stop, same location
as 15 June and 3 July 1984. Golden-winged Warbler: 26 Apr (1) SFP (CHB, Sue
C. Ferguson, Selma L. Lewis, Noreen M. Smith, VBR); 28 Apr (1) PEF (VBR,
CHB). Cerulean Warbler: 30 Apr (30) SFP (MTOS). Swainson’s Warbler: 26 Apr
(7) found during a float along South Fork Obion River, Trezevant-Skullbone area,
Carroll and Gibson Counties; 27 Apr (2) upstream of Christmasville Rd., Carroll
Co. (RPF). Mourning Warbler: 19 Apr (1) PEF (VBR); 12 May (1) MEM (Ray
Wilson); 12 May (1) US 70/Hatchie River, Haywood Co., and (1) Cypress Grove
Park, Madison Co. (BBC, LCC). Rufous-sided Towhee: 1 “spotted” individual present
from previous season (13 Nov-21 Apr) Dyersburg (Celia Hudson). Grasshopper
Sparrow: 26 Mar-EOP (2-3) ESL (JRW); observed in several additional locations
in SBC. Le Conte’s Sparrow: 3 Mar (1) PEF (Theresa Irion); 19/26 Mar (1/2) ESL
(JRW); 1 Apr (3) PEF (VBR, MGW). Lincoln’s Sparrow: 12 Mar (2) ESL (JRW);
23 Apr (1) Decatur Co. (CHB), apparently first report for Decatur Co.; 30 Apr (2)
MEM (MTOS); 14 May (6) Bartlett, NW SBC (JRW, Robert Casey). Bobolink:
26 Apr (2 males) LKC (WGC); 30 Apr (6) MEM (BBC, LCC); 3 May (15, all
males) LKC (WGC). Rusty Blackbird: 10 Mar (12) REL, Obion Co. (AHH); 30 Apr
(1 male) Robco Lake (BBC, LCC). SMITH’S LONGSPUR: 2 Mar-16 Apr (1-22)
PEF (JRW, Earnest J. Restivo, m. ob.); 16 Apr (1) ESL (JRW, DAD). Western
Meadowlark: 3-11 Mar (3) PEF (JRW); 12 Mar (1) ESL (JRW). House Finch:
nesting was reported again for the second year at Tiptonville, Dyersburg and
several locations in SBC.

84

THE MIGRANT

SEPTEMBER

Locations: DYC — Dyer Co.; ESL — Ensley Sewage Lagoons, Shelby Co.; Is
13 — Island 13, Lake Co.; LKC — Lake Co.; MEM — Memphis; PEF — Penal
Farm, Memphis, Shelby Co.; REL — Reelfoot Lake, Obion and Lake Co.; SBC
— Shelby Co.; SFP — Shelby Forest S.P., Shelby Co.

MARTHA G. WALDRON, 1626 Yorkshire Drive, Memphis, TN 38119.

HIGHLAND RIM AND BASIN REGION — Weather conditions during the period
were favorable with temperatures in Nashville being 3.6 degrees above normal in
March, 0.3 degrees below normal in April and 2.4 degrees below normal for May.
Rainfall was near normal in March and May and 1.7 inches below normal in April.

Large numbers of tent caterpillars and geometer caterpillars were present in the
tree foliage throughout much of the season and certainly contributed to this season
being one of the best migration seasons in several years. Observers reported high
numbers of thrushes, vireos, and warblers from all parts of the region. An early
influx of Northern Parulas was observed in late March and early April in the
Nashville Area. Several observations of both Connecticut and Mourning Warblers
were also reported. Many winter residents, such as White-throated Sparrow and
Ruby-crowned Kinglet, were present in the region as late as mid May.

A number of unusual species was reported during the period including a pair of
Scissor-tailed Flycatchers in Coffee Co.. Also reported were a Lark Sparrow in
Williamson Co., and an American Avocet at Woods Reservoir. A Swainson’s
Warbler at Barkley Waterfowl Management Area constitutes the first Stewart Co.
record for this species.

Loon-Heron : Common Loon: 16 May (1) Wayne Co. (DJS), lrs. Pied-billed
Grebe: 29 Apr (1) WDR (DLD), lrs. Double-crested Cormorant: 13 May (20) WDR
(MDH), max; 20 May (3) WDR (DLD), lrs. American Bittern: 22 Apr (1) MOP
(OBL, ARL), ers; 1-9 May (1) CCNWR (DWB), lrs; 6 individuals reported for
season. Least Bittern: 2-3 May (1) BCWMA (DWB), only report. Great Egret: 3 1 Mar
(1) DUC (AHH), ers; 4 Apr (17) BWMA (DWB), max; 24 May (1) PPL, RUC
(MLM). Snowy Egret: 25 Apr (1) AEDC (*DLD), only report. Little Blue Heron:
12 Mar (1 ad) CCNWR (*DWB), ers and earliest ever in TN. Green-backed Heron:
15 Apr (2) BWMA (DWB), ers. Yellow-crowned Night-Heron: 30 Apr (3) Metro
Center, DVC (CAS), ers.

Goose-Duck : White-fronted Goose: 12 Mar- 15 Apr (3) CCNWR (DWB), lrs;
10 individuals reported from 4 locations. Snow Goose: 4 Mar (6) near Bethesda,
WMC (Louis Bordenave); 4 Mar (1 snow phase) BWMA (DWB), lrs. Green- winged
Teal: 1 Apr (75) BWMA (DWB), max. American Black Duck: 12 Mar (129) SWC
(DWB), max. Northern Pintail: 1 Apr (2) BWMA (DWB), lrs. Blue-winged Teal:
10 Mar (3) CCNWR (DWB), ers; 15 Apr (65) SWC (DWB), max. Northern
Shoveler: 1 Apr (54) SWC (DWB), max; 25 Apr (2) BWMA (DWB), lrs. Gadwall:
12 Mar (114) SWC (DWB), max; 3 May (2) BWMA (DWB), lrs. American
Wigeon: 12 Mar (83) SWC (DWB), max; 9 May-EOP (2) BWMA (DWB), lrs,
these 2 birds included 1 healthy female and 1 wounded male that was unable to fly.
Canvasback: 9 May (1) BWMA (DWB), lrs. Redhead: 12 Mar (13) CCNWR and
BWMA (DWB), max, lrs. Ring-necked Duck: 12 Mar (281) SWC (DWB), max;
15 Apr (1) OHL (CGD), lrs. Lesser Scaup: 12 May (2) RDL (ATT, et al.), lrs.
Common Goldeneye: 3 May (1) OHL, DVC (TJW), lrs. Bufflehead: 12 Apr (20)

1989

THE SEASON

85

RDL (ATT), lrs. Hooded Merganser: 9 May (1) BWMA (DWB), lrs. Red-breasted
Merganser: 10-18 Mar (5) CCNWR (DWB), max; 29 Apr (1) WDR (RWL), lrs.
Ruddy Duck: 18 Mar (2) CCNWR (DWB), lrs.

Osprey-Eagle : Osprey: 4 reports; 10 Apr (1) Monterey Lake, Putnam Co.
(DWB); 12 Apr (1) Wartrace Lake, Robertson Co. (Allen W. Hixon, Dorothy B.
Hixon); 19 Apr (1) Fern vale, WMC (Dick Bransford); 29 Apr (1) Tims Ford Dam,
Franklin Co. (Jose Martinez). Bald Eagle: 5 Apr (1 subadult) Cheatham WMA,
CHC (AHH), only report. Northern Harrier: 15 Apr (1) CCNWR (DWB), lrs.
Sharp-shinned Hawk: 29 May (1 ad) DeJamett Lane, RUC (TJW), only report.
Rough-legged Hawk: 9 Apr (1 dark phase, 3 light phase) Fort Campbell Military
Base, MTC (DWB), max, lrs. Golden Eagle: 1 Mar (1 ad) CCNWR (TJW); 9 Apr
(1 ad) Fort Campbell Military Base, MTC (DWB), only 2 reports.

Turkey-Snipe: Wild Turkey: 29 Apr (6) South Harpeth Valley, WMC (ATT); 29 Apr
(9) Harpeth Valley, WMC (Richard H. Connors); 29 Apr (1) AEDC (Jose Martinez).
Sora: 29 Apr (2) Pardue’s Pond, CHC (Maxey H. Irwin); 29 Apr (2) Ashland City,
CHC (Robert English), ers. American Coot: 12 Mar (204) SWC (DWB), max; 3 May

(1) BWMA (DWB), lrs. Sandhill Crane: a total of 266 cranes passed over Barnes
Hollow, Putnam Co., between 1 Mar and 12 Mar (RWS); 1-5 Mar (1) ROB (DJS),
continues a winter report; 9 Apr (300) Ovaca Lake, CFC (MDH), max. Lesser
Golden-Plover: 12 Mar (2) CCNWR (DWB), ers; 5 Apr (3) AEDC (DLD), lrs.
Semipalmated Plover: 15 Apr (19) BWMA (DWB), max, ers. Killdeer: 12 Mar
(201) SWC (DWB), max. AMERICAN AVOCET: 22 Apr (7) WDR (*DLD, RWL,
Harry C. Yeatman, James R. Peters), only report. Greater Yellowlegs: 12 Mar (3) SWC
(DWB), ers; 3 May (16) SWC (DWB), max. Lesser Yellowlegs: 12 Mar (6) BWMA
(DWB), ers; 25 May (1) BWMA (DWB), lrs. Solitary Sandpiper: 25 Mar (1) MOP
(WNJ, AML), ers; 1 Apr (33) BWMA (DWB), max; 27 May (1) near Belleville,
Lincoln Co. (DFV, Joseph McGlaughlin, Robert Brayden), lrs. Spotted Sandpiper:
22 Apr (2) SWC (DWB), ers; 25 May-EOP (1) Metro Center, DVC (DFV), lrs.
Upland Sandpiper: 25 Apr (1) AEDC (DLD); 27 Apr (1) CCNWR (DWB), only
reports. Semipalmated Sandpiper: 15 Apr (3) CCNWR (DWB), ers; 25 May (2)
BWMA (DWB), lrs. Western Sandpiper: 14 May (1) ROB (DJS), lrs. Least
Sandpiper: 30 Apr (3) ROB (DJS), ers; 14 May (3) ROB (DJS), lrs. White-rumped
Sandpiper: 9 May (1) BWMA (DWB), ers; 25 may (2) BWMA (DWB), lrs. Baird’s
Sandpiper: 13-15 May (1) ROB (*DJS), only report. Pectoral Sandpiper: 4 Mar (5)
CCNWR (DWB), ers; 5 May (9) BWMA (DWB), lrs. Dunlin: 3 May (4) Gallatin Steam
Plant, Sumner Co. (TJW, David McCarroll); 9 May (1) CCNWR (DWB), only reports.
Stilt Sandpiper: 3 May (2) CCNWR (DWB), only report. Short-billed Dowitcher:
9 May (13) CCNWR (*DWB); 14-15 May (10-28) ROB (DJS), only reports.
Common Snipe: 25 Mar (75) MOP (WNJ, AML), max; 9 May (2) BWMA (DWB), lrs.

Gull-Sapsucker: Bonaparte’s Gull: 29 Apr (4) OHL (LFK), lrs. Ring-billed Gull:
12 Mar (267) SWC (DWB), max; 9 May (12) CCNWR (DWB), lrs. Caspian Tern:
28 Apr (2) MOP (OBL); 29 Apr (5) OHL (LFK), only reports. Common Tem: 9 May

(2) CCNWR (DWB), only report. Forster’s Tem: 9 May (6) CCNWR (DWB), only
report. Black-billed Cuckoo: 28 Apr (1) Pennington Bend, DVC (MLM), ers; 3 May
(1) RDL (TJW, David McCarroll), lrs. Yellow-billed Cuckoo: 29-30 Apr (43)
Nashville Area SBC, ers; returned late throughout region. Common Nighthawk:
26 Apr (1) Pennington Bend, DVC (MLM), ers. Chuck- will’s-widow: 21 Apr (1)

86

THE MIGRANT

SEPTEMBER

WSB (DWB), ers. Whip-poor-will: 13 Apr (1) WSB (DWB), ers. Chimney Swift:
29 Mar (1) Clarksville, MTC (AHH), ers. Ruby-throated Hummingbird: 15 Apr
(1) Skunk Hollow, DVC (DFV), ers. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker: 15 Apr (1) WSB
(DWB), lrs.

Flycatcher-Wren : Eastern Wood-Pewee: 26 Apr (1) BAH (RWS), ers. Acadian
Flycatcher: 29 Apr (1) WAP (DFV), ers. Willow Flycatcher: 9 May (1) CCNWR
(DWB), ers; 25 May (2) Metro Center, DVC (DFV); 31 May (1) Misery Swamp,
MTC (AHH), only reports. Least Flycatcher: 28 Apr (1) Woodland Park, MUC
(ARL), ers. Great Crested Flycatcher: 15 Apr (1) Fort Negley, DVC (CGD), ers.
Eastern Kingbird: 16 Apr (1) WAP (SDB, RLP), ers. SCISSOR-TAILED
FLYCATCHER: 19 Apr (1) Columbia, MUC (Ben G. High); 29 Apr-EOP (2, ph)
Seal’s Farm, near Capitol Hill, CFC (RWL, *DLD), these birds were reported
carrying nest material and performing courtship behavior. Purple Martin: 27 Mar
(4) DUC (AHH), ers. Tree Swallow: 12 Mar (2) CCNWR (DWB), ers. Northern
Rough-winged Swallow: 25 Mar (2) CCNWR (DWB), ers. Bank Swallow: 3-9 May
(1) CCNWR (DWB), ers; 15 May (1) WSB (DWB). Cliff Swallow: 9 May (120)
BWMA (DWB). Bam Swallow: 3 Apr (1) DUC (AHH), ers. Red-breasted
Nuthatch: 15 Apr (1) CCNWR (DWB), only report. Brown Creeper: 22 Apr (1)
WSB, lrs. Bewick’s Wren: 4 Apr (2) Brinkley Rd., RUC (TJW, David McCarroll);
29 Apr (2) Dunaway Chapel Rd., RUC (RVM); 1-8 May (1) MTC (DWB); 7-15 May
(1) Westvaco property, SWC (DWB). House Wren: 9 Apr (1) MTC (DWB), ers.
Winter Wren: 9 Apr (1) Fort Campbell Military Base, SWC (DWB), lrs. Marsh
Wren: 29 Apr (2) Ashland City, CHC (Nashville Area SBC), ers.

Kinglet-Vireo : Golden-crowned Kinglet: 15 Apr (4) SWC (DWB), lrs. Ruby-crowned
Kinglet: 13 May (1) Craggie Hope, CHC (DFV), lrs. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher:
26 Mar (1) RDL (MLM), ers. Veery: 2 May (1) WSB (DWB), ers. Swainson’s
Thrush: 15 Apr (1) WSB (DWB), ers; 24 May (1) BAH (RWS), lrs. Hermit Thrush:
25 Apr (1) BAH (RWS), lrs. Wood Thrush: 17 Apr (1) WEM (CRD), ers. Gray
Catbird: 29 Apr (1) WEM (CRD). Water Pipit: 22 Apr (1) CCNWR (DWB), lrs.
Cedar Wax wing: 12 Mar (184) SWC (DWB), max; 1-12 present through EOP in
SWC and MTC (DWB). White-eyed Vireo: 9 Apr (1) CCNWR tDWB), ers.
Solitary Vireo: 27 Mar (1) Oaklands, RUC (TJW), new Nashville Area early date;
18 May (1) BCWMA (DWB), lrs. Yellow-throated Vireo: 7 Apr (1) WAP (DFV),
ers. Warbling Vireo: 19 Apr (2) RDL (ATT, et al.), ers. Philadelphia Vireo: 22 Apr
(1) CCNWR (DWB), ers. Red-eyed Vireo: 18 Apr (1) BAH (RWS), ers.

Warbler-Tanager : Blue-winged Warbler: 9 Apr (1) Giles Co. (Brad Hammond),
ers. Golden- winged Warbler: 22 Apr (1) BWMA (DWB), ers; 12 May (1) CFC
(MDH), lrs; 5 reports for region. Tennessee Warbler: 22 Apr (4) SWC (DWB), ers;
arrived later than usual throughout region; 20 May (1) Franklin, WMC (DFV), lrs.
Orange-crowned Warbler: 7 Apr (1) Oaklands, RUC (TJW), ers; 26 Apr (1) AEDC
(*DLD), lrs. Nashville Warbler: 9 Apr (1) BWMA (DWB), ers; 11 May (1) BAH
(RWS), lrs. Northern Parula: 29 Mar (1) WAP (DFV), new Nashville Area early
date. Yellow Warbler: 15 Apr (3) SWC (DWB), ers. Chestnut-sided Warbler: 19 Apr
(1) RDL (ATT), ers; 17 May (1) BAH (RWS), lrs. Magnolia Warbler: 25 Apr (1)
WSB (DWB), ers; 16 May (1) Clarksville, MTC (ATT), lrs. Cape May Warbler:
28 Apr (1) Columbia, MUC (ARL), ers; 7 May (1) WEM (CRD), lrs. Yellow-rumped
Warbler: 15 Apr (62) SWC (DWB), max; 14 May (1) WEM (CRD), lrs. Black-throated

1989

THE SEASON

87

Green Warbler: 2 Apr (1) WAP (SDB, RLP), ers. Blackburnian Warbler: 30 Apr
(1) WAP (DFV), ers; 15 May (1) DUC (AHH), Irs. Yellow-throated Warbler: 9 Apr
(6) SWC (DWB), ers. Prairie Warbler: 13 Apr (1) BAH (RWS), ers. Palm Warbler:
9 Apr (1) CCNWR (DWB), ers. Bay-breasted Warbler: 26 Apr (1) RDL (Jane C.
Maynard), ers. Blackpoll Warbler: 26 Apr (1) WEM (CRD), ers; 1 1 May (1) BAH
(RWS), lrs. Cerulean Warbler: 22 Apr (1) WSB (DWB), ers. Black-and-white
Warbler: 3 Apr (1) BAH (RWS), ers. American Redstart: 3 May (4) SWC (DWB),
ers and max. Prothonotary Warbler: 9 Apr (1) Giles Co. (Brad Hammond), ers.
Worm-eating Warbler: 15 Apr (1) LBL (DWB), ers. SWAINSON’S WARBLER:
9 May (1) BWMA (*DWB), first SWC record. Ovenbird: 18 Apr (1) BAH (RWS),
ers. Northern Waterthrush: 12 Apr (1) RDL (ATT, et al.) ers; 9 May (3) BWMA
(DWB), lrs. Louisiana Waterthrush: 17 Mar (1) Basin Springs, WMC (KAG), ers.
Kentucky Warbler: 15 Apr (1) LBL (DWB), ers. Connecticut Warbler: 4 reports:
26 Apr (1) AEDC (DLD), ers; 4 May (1) Pennington Bend, DVC (MLM); 9 May
(1) WSB (*DWB); 19 May (1) BAH (*RWS), lrs. Mourning Warbler: 5 reports: 3 May
(1) LBL (*DWB), ers; 10 May (2) RDL (TJW, WJC); 13 May (1) Pond Creek,
Lawrence Co. (DJS); 17 May (4) RDL (TJW), max; 20 May (1) BAH (RWS), lrs.
Common Yellowthroat: 15 Apr (1) Fort Negley, DVC (CGD), ers. Hooded
Warbler: 16 Apr (1) WAP (SDB, RLP), ers. Wilson’s Warbler: 10 May (1) RDL
(TJW, WJC); 12 May (2) RDL (ATT), only reports. Canada Warbler: 20 May (1)
Franklin, WMC (DFV), lrs; Yellow-breasted Chat: 19 Apr (1) RDL (ATT, et al.),
ers. Summer Tanager: 14 Apr (1) WSB (DWB), ers. Scarlet Tanager: 15 Apr (2)
LBL (DWB), ers.

Grosbeak-Junco : Rose-breasted Grosbeak: 24 Apr (1) BAH (RWS), ers; 17 May
(1) BAH (RWS), lrs. Indigo Bunting: 22 Apr (1) Skunk Hollow, DVC (DFV), ers.
Dickcissel: 22 Apr (4) Columbia, MUC (ARL, OBL), ers. BACHMAN’S SPARROW:
9 May (1 male) Westvaco Timber Co. land, SWC (*DWB), only report. Chipping
Sparrow: 24 Mar (1) Columbia, MUC (OBL), ers. Vesper Sparrow: 12 Mar (2)
CCNWR (DWB), ers; 3 May (1) BCWMA (DWB), lrs. LARK SPARROW: 30 Apr
(1) WMC (ATT); 7 May (5) Wayne Co. (*DJS). Savannah Sparrow: 3 May (3)
BWMA (DWB), lrs. Grasshopper Sparrow: 9 May (3) SWC (DWB). Fox Sparrow:
18 Apr (1) BAH (*RWS), lrs. Lincoln’s Sparrow: 9 Apr (1) CCNWR (DWB), ers;

12 May (1) Franklin, WMC (DFV), lrs. Swamp Sparrow: 15 Apr (162) SWC
(DWB), max; 22 May (1) BWMA (DWB), lrs. \\Tiite-throated Sparrow: 20 May
(1) Franklin, WMC (DFV), lrs; several reports of birds lingering into mid May.
White-crowned Sparrow: 12 May (1) Skunk Hollow, DVC (DFV), lrs. Dark-eyed
Junco: 15 Apr, recorded at 3 locations on this date: (1) BAH (RWS), (23) SWC
(DWB), (1) Fort Negley, DVC (CGD, et al.), lrs.

Bobolink-Siskin : Bobolink: 22 Apr (8) CCNWR (DWB), ers; 3 May (116)
CCNWR (DWB), max; 22 May (3) CCNWR (DWB), lrs. Orchard Oriole: 15 Apr
(3) WSB (DWB), ers. Northern Oriole: 22 Apr (1) WSB (DWB), ers. Purple Finch:

13 May (2) Dover, SWC (DWB), lrs. RED CROSSBILL: 9 Apr (1 1) Fort Campbell
Military Base, MTC (*DWB). Pine Siskin: 15 Apr (4) SWC (DWB).

Locations : AEDC — Arnold Engineering Development Center, Coffee Co.;
CCNWR — Cross Creeks NWR, Stewart Co.; CFC — Coffee Co.; BAH — Barnes
Hollow, Putnam Co.; BCWMA — Bear Creek Waterfowl Management Area,
Stewart Co.; BWMA — Barkley WMA, Stewart Co.; CHC — Cheatham Co.; DUC

88

THE MIGRANT

SEPTEMBER

— Dunbar Cave S.P., Montgomery Co.; DVC — Davidson Co.; LBL — Land-Be-
tween-the-Lakes, Stewart Co.; MOP — Monsanto Ponds, Maury Co.; MUC —
Maury Co.; MTC — Montgomery Co.; OHL — Old Hickory Lake; RDL — Radnor
Lake State Natural Area, Davidson Co.; ROB — Robertson Pond, Lawrence Co.;
RUC — Rutherford Co.; SWC — Stewart Co.; WAP — Warner Parks, Davidson
Co.; WDR — Woods Reservoir, Franklin Co.; WEM — West Meade, Davidson
Co.; WMC — Williamson Co.; WSB — Wiley’s Springs Bay, Stewart Co.

DAVID F. VOGT, 7818 Old Charlotte Pike, Nashville, TN 37209.

EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY REGION — After a mild winter, the region
experienced a cool, wet spring. March was considerably warmer than usual, early
April was cold, late April was near normal, early May was record cold, and late May
was slightly cooler than normal. Rainfall at all three major reporting stations
(Chattanooga, Knoxville, and Johnson City) was slightly below average in March
and April, but enough above average in May to nearly even out the season. “Thus it
was the wettest spring in several years.” As a result, area lakes came up early and most
reached their highest levels since the early 1980s (i.e., before the drought years).
A light snowfall on 7 May was the latest on record at Tri-Cities Regional Airport.

The early warmth apparently encouraged some birds to move northward much
earlier than normal. In the Johnson City area, 3 shorebirds, Forster’s Tern, Chimney
Swift, and Bank Swallow were record early. Most other species “arrived pretty
much on schedule.” A few wintering species lingered later than usual. The rains
and high water levels covered some shorebird habitat (lake shores) while creating
some more (flooded fields), destroyed some shoreline nests of Canada Geese, and
“may also have delayed the breeding of some aerial foragers, such as martins.”
Stalled low pressure north of the region on 10-12 May grounded many migrants,
mainly water birds, in the Johnson City area — a Ruff and other shorebirds, 4 species
of terns, and some late ducks, among others. The warbler migration was good in
the Knoxville area, but only fair in the Johnson City area. Northern finches were
virtually absent. Notable rarities, besides the Ruff, included Glossy Ibis, 3 lingering
Selasphorus hummingbirds, Scissor-tailed Flycatcher, and Le Conte’s Sparrow.

Loon-Ibis : Common Loon: 9 Apr (52) WBL (CPN, Richard Clark), max; 22 May
(1) HRA (Gene S. Van Horn), Irs. Homed Grebe: 4 Mar (23) CHL (KHD, LHD),
max. Double-crested Cormorant: 9 Apr (8) WBL (CPN, Richard Clark); 18 Apr
(1) AUS (RLK); 22 Apr (2) CHL (C. Del Blum); 30 Apr (7) Fort Loudoun Lake,
KNC and Loudon Co. (CPN, James T. Tanner); 11-19 May (1-3) AUS (RLK,
BLC); 13 May (1) HRA (C. Richard Hughes). American Bittern: 1 Apr (1) CHA
(RJH), only report. Least Bittern: 15 May (1, heard calling) AUS (BLC), rare in spring.
Great Egret: 4-6 Apr (2) SAB (KHD, LHD); 10 Apr (2) Cherokee Lake, Grainger
Co. (David C. Chaffin); 15 Apr (4) LST (BLC); 22 Apr (3) Rankin’s Bottoms,
Cocke Co. (JAK); 24 Apr/6 May (2/1) HLC (RJH); 24-25 May (1-2) CHA (Elena
S. Killian). Cattle Egret: 25 May (15) CHA (Randy C. Stringer). Black-crowned
Night-Heron: 15 May (2) AUS (RLK). GLOSSY IBIS: 26 May (1, breeding plumage)
LST (BLC, Glenn W. Swofford, Sally Goodin, CFW), 2nd JNC area record.

Waterfowl: Tundra Swan: 4 Mar (1) HRA (KHD, LHD). Snow Goose: 1 Mar (6
white, 3 blue/5 white, 2 blue) HRA/WBL (Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency).
Canada Goose: high water flooded several nests in the JNC area (fide RLK).

1989

THE SEASON

89

Blue-winged Teal: 16 May (1) AUS (RLK), lrs. American Wigeon: 8 May (1/4)
EBF/AUS (CPN/RLK), lrs. Redhead: 13 Mar (70) BOL (RLK, BLC), max. Surf
Scoter: 22 Apr (8) CHL (C. Del Blum). White-winged Scoter: 9 Mar/1 1 May (2/2)
BOL (BLC), latter was latest spring record for Tennessee. Bufflehead: 1 1 May (2)
AUS (RLK), lrs. Common Merganser: 12 Mar (2) CHL (AMJ), only report.
Red-breasted Merganser: 30 Mar (53) Cherokee Lake, Grainger Co. (David C.
Chaffin), max; 29 Apr (1) AUS (RLK), lrs. Ruddy Duck: 1 1 May (1) AUS (RLK),
lrs, latest JNC area record by 17 days.

Osprey-Crane : Osprey: 2 Mar (1) Tellico Lake, MOC (WKJ), ers; pair returned to
Holston Army Ammunition Plant, Hawkins Co. nest site (fide FJA). Sharp-shinned
Hawk: 20 May (female incubating) near Englewood, McMinn Co. (Paul G.
Mascuch). Cooper’s Hawk: incubating bird flushed from nest in Apr near Amnicola
Marsh, HLC (James D. Rowell, Jr.). Red-shouldered Hawk: 2 nests in Norris,
Anderson Co., area (CPN); 2 nests and an additional pair in KNC, where traditionally
considered a rare nester (David Hankins, J. B. Owen). Virginia Rail: 5-15 Apr (1)
AUS (BLC). Sora: 21 Mar (1) TCA (BLC); 1-21 Apr (1) AUS (BLC, RLK); 12 Apr
(1) LST (RLK). Common Moorhen: 27-29 May (1) Brainerd Levee, CHA (Jonnie
Sue Lyons, Paul C. Harris, et al.). Sandhill Crane: besides 25-34 wintering birds at
HRA, the spring flight in the CHA area ran 7 Feb-26 Mar (3600+ , some duplication
likely), max 10 Mar (900+ flying over in 6 hours) Prentice Cooper State Forest,
Marion Co. (James C. Brown); a color-banded bird seen 26 Feb at SAB had been
banded 26 Sep 1987 at Dayton, Ontario (all fide KHD).

Shorebirds : Semipalmated Plover: 16 May (1 1) EBF (CPN), max. Greater Yellowlegs:
29 APR (31) KSP (KHD, LHD), max. Lesser Yellowlegs: 4 Mar (1) SAB (KHD,
LHD), ers; 8 May (35) AUS (RLK), max. Solitary Sandpiper: 29 Mar (1) AUS
(RLK, BLC), ers; 3 Jun (1) Tellico Wildlife Refuge, MOC (JAK), lrs, late. Willet:
5 May (4) AUS (BLC, RLK); 9 May (2) TCA (BLC); 8th & 9th JNC area records.
Semipalmated Sandpiper: 18 May (1) WGC (RLK), only JNC area record. Western
Sandpiper: 14 May (1) AUS (BLC); 20 May (5) KSP (Johnny T. Parks); scarce in
spring. Least Sandpiper: 10 Mar (1) AUS (BLC, Glenn W. Swofford), ers, earliest JNC
area record by 23 days; 8 May (28) Sullivan Co. (BLC), max. White-rumped Sandpiper:
20 May (1) KSP (Johnny T. Parks). Pectoral Sandpiper: 6 Mar (1) AUS (BLC), ers,
earliest JNC area record by 4 days; overall low numbers in JNC area (fide RLK).
Dunlin: 29 Apr (5) KSP (KHD, LHD); 1 1 May (1) AUS (GOW, RLK). Stilt Sandpiper:
17 Apr (1) EBF (CPN). RUFF: 10-13 May (1 female) AUS (*RLK, then m. ob.),
first JNC area record, about 4th state record, details to be published. Dowitcher,
sp.: 10-13 Mar (4, winter plumage) AUS (RLK), earliest JNC area record by 25 days
and earliest ever in Tennessee for either species. Short-billed Dowitcher: 15 May
(22, breeding plumage) AUS (BLC), highest count ever in JNC area; only report.
American Woodcock: 2-7 Mar (1) SAB (KHD); 1 1 Mar (6) Amnicola Marsh, HLC
(RJH); 15 Mar-29 Apr (1-2) AUS (RLK, BLC, JWB); nest in Mar near Maryville,
Blount Co. (JAK); brood in late Apr near Tellico Lake, MOC (WKJ).

Gull- Hummingbird: Bonaparte’s Gull: 4 Mar (1300) CHL (KHD, LHD), max,
very large number for region (see winter 1988/89 report); 4 Apr (41) BOL (BLC);
29 Apr (3) KSP (KHD, LHD), lrs. Herring Gull: 11 May (1) BOL (RLK), lrs.
Caspian Tern: 15 Apr (2) Nickajack Lake, Marion Co. (RJH); 17 Apr (1) AUS
(BLC); 29 Apr (4) KSP (KHD, LHD); 11 May (1) BOL (RLK); above average

90

THE MIGRANT

SEPTEMBER

spring showing. Common Tem: 1 1 May (1) BOL (BLC, RLK). Forster’s Tem: 4 Apr

(1) BOL (RLK), earliest JNC area record by 8 days; 17 Apr (1) EBF (CPN); 19
Apr (2) SAB (KHD, LHD); 22 Apr (1) Jefferson Co. (JAK); 29 Apr/5 May/15 May
(1/5/1) AUS (RLK, BLC); 11 May (10) BOL (BLC, RLK); good showing. Black
Tem: 10-24 May (2-4) AUS (RLK, BLC), only report. Black-billed Cuckoo: 24 Apr

(2) HLC (RJH); 9 May (2) TCA (BLC); 14 May (1) KNC (ARH, RDH, Gay
Morton); 16 May (1) KNX (Bettie Mason). Common Bam-Owl: 2 active sites in
JNC (RLK). Chimney Swift: 10 Mar (1) JNC (Richard Lura), ers, earliest JNC area
record by 13 days. SELASPHORUS , sp.: wintering bird at KNX last seen in late
Mar (fide J. B. Owen); 2 wintering birds in CHA area last seen 14 & 18 Apr,
respectively, the former having molted into the ad male plumage of RUFOUS
HUMMINGBIRD (fide KHD).

Flycatcher-Vireo : Willow Flycatcher: 8 May (1) AUS (RLK), ers. SCISSOR-
TAILED FLYCATCHER: 23 Apr (1) near Norris Lake, Campbell Co. (George W.
McKinney), rare in region. Bank Swallow: 31 Mar (1) AUS (BLC), ers, earliest
JNC area record by 6 days; 1 1 May (30) AUS (RLK), max. Cliff Swallow: 21 Mar
(1) HLC (RJH), ers. Common Raven: 11 Apr (1) St. John’s Pond, WGC (RLK),
low elevation. Red-breasted Nuthatch: no reports. Brown-headed Nuthatch: 1 1 Mar
(1) HRA, Bradley Co. (LHD). Marsh Wren: 5 May (1) AUS (BLC); 7 May (1)
CHA (RJH). Ruby-crowned Kinglet: 12 May (1) JNC (RLK), lrs, latest JNC area
record by 4 days. Swainson’s Thrush: fairly common in KNX area, 67 on KNC
SBC on 30 Apr (fide CPN). Cedar Waxwing: 7 Mar (500) HLC (Jonnie Sue Lyons),
max; above average numbers at EOP in KNX area (fide CPN); average numbers
at JNC (fide RLK). Loggerhead Shrike: only found at 2 sites in JNC area (RLK).
Warbling Vireo: 16 May (3) KNX (Bettie Mason), rare there.

Warbler-Grosbeak : Orange-crowned Warbler: 23 Apr (1) Morgan Co. (James
M. Campbell), only report. Mourning Warbler: 12 May (1) JNC (RLK, et al.).
Wilson’s Warbler: 12 May (1) JNC (RLK, et al.), scarce in spring. Summer
Tanager: 14 May (1) JNC (RLK), only report there. Dickcissel: 7 Apr (5) CHA
(AMJ). Vesper Sparrow: 15 Mar/21 Apr (2/1) AUS (RLK/BLC); 19 Mar (3) SAB
(KHD, LHD); 4 Apr (1) BOL (RLK); 7 Apr (20) CHA (AMJ, RJH). Savannah
Sparrow: 13 May (1) AUS (RLK), lrs. Grasshopper Sparrow: 17 Apr (1) LST
(JWB), ers. LE CONTE’S SPARROW: 7 Apr (1) CHA (AMJ), rare in region.
Lincoln’s Sparrow: 9 May (1) TCA (BLC); 12 May (1) JNC (RLK); 17 May (1)
Claiborne Co. (RDH), seldom seen in spring in region. Swamp Sparrow: 15 May
(1) AUS (RLK), lrs. White-crowned Sparrow: 31 May (1) LST (BLC), lrs, latest
JNC area record by 1 day. Bobolink: 29 Apr (3) WGC (RLK, BLC), ers; 1 May
(100) CHA (RJH), max; 6 May (50) WGC (Barney Keffer); 8 May (17) Greene Co.
(Dan Nieves). Rusty Blackbird: 12 Apr (20) LST (RLK), lrs. Purple Finch: very
few reports; 18 Apr (4) JNC (RLK), lrs. Pine Siskin: very scarce; 8 Apr (1) Newport,
Cocke Co. (ARH, RDH), lrs; none in JNC area. Evening Grosbeak: no reports.

Locations : AUS — Austin Springs, Washington Co.; BOL — Boone Lake,
Sullivan & Washington Cos.; CHA — Chattanooga; CHL — Chickamauga Lake,
Hamilton Co.; EBF — Eagle Bend Fish Hatchery, Anderson Co.; HLC — Hamilton
Co.; HRA — Hiwassee River Area, primarily Meigs Co., but also Bradley,
McMinn, & Rhea Cos.; JNC — Johnson City; KNC — Knox Co.; KNX —
Knoxville; KSP — Kingston Steam Plant, Roane Co.; LST — Limestone,

1989

THE SEASON

91

Washington Co.; MOC — Monroe Co.; SAB — Savannah Bay, Hamilton Co.;
TCA — Tri-Cities Airport, Sullivan Co.; WBL — Watts Bar Lake, Meigs, Rhea,
& Roane Cos.; WGC — Washington Co.

RICHARD L. KNIGHT, 804 North Hills Drive, Johnson City, TN 37604.

EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION — Precipitation for the period was slightly
above normal with some unusually late snow storms. Some mountain areas
received 6-8 inches of snow the first week of April. Roan Mountain had 2 inches
of snow on 2 May and snow flurries were reported in the region as late as 7 May.
A hard freeze on 8 May stunted spring growth, causing some forest habitats to be
2-3 weeks late in reaching full canopy density.

Waterfowl numbers were very low this spring and northern finches were almost
nonexistent. There were very few Purple Finches and there were no reports of
crossbills, siskins or Evening Grosbeaks.

Loon-Duck : Common Loon: 1 Apr (5) SHL (RPL); 29 Apr (2) WTL (JM). Great Egret:
15 Apr (1) WTR (GOW). SNOWY EGRET: 15 Apr (1) WTR (GOW). Yellow-crowned
Night-Heron: 29 Mar (3 ad) Elizabethton (RLK); only report at usual nest site.
Green-winged Teal: 12 Mar (4) WTR (RLK); 10 Apr (2) WTR (CFW). American
Black Duck: no reports from usual WTL- WTR sites (LHTOS) American Wigeon:
8-15 Apr (6-7) WTR (GOW, CFW). Ring-necked Duck: 12 Mar (1) RSL (RLK);
15 Mar (4) Bristol, SLC (RPL); 8-15 Apr (1-2) WTR (GOW, CFW); only reports, low.
GREATER SCAUP: 29 Mar (1) WTR (RLK); 10 Apr (2) WTR (CFW). Lesser Scaup:
12 Mar (1) RSL (RLK), only report, low. Bufflehead: 16 Apr (4) Middlebrook
Lake, SLC (RPL), lrs. Hooded Merganser: 12 Mar (1) RSL, (2) WTR (RLK).
Red-breasted Merganser: 1 Apr (1) Middlebrook Lake, SLC (RPL); 29 Apr (5)
SHL (RPL). Ruddy Duck: 13 Apr (1) BVGC (FJA).

Hawk-Vireo : Red-shouldered Hawk: 27 Apr (1) Buffalo Mountain, Washington
Co. (BLC), only report. Broad-winged Hawk: 25 Mar (1) PNM (BLC), ers.
Forster’s Tern: 18 Apr (1) WTL (JWB). Common Barn-Owl: 30 May (1) SHL
(RPL). LONG-EARED OWL: 6 May (2) Rich Mountain Rd., Cades Cove, Great
Smoky Mountains National Park (JRW, DAD). Chuck-will’s-widow: 18 Apr (1)
MILC (FJA), ers. Whip-poor-will: 17 Apr (1) MILC (FJA), ers. Olive-sided
Flycatcher: 29 Apr (1) HCV (RLK, BLC, Linda Campbell). Purple Martin: 16 Mar

(2) WTR (RLK), ers. Cliff Swallow: 29 Apr-EOP (40-50) SR 44 bridge. South
Holston River, SLC (RPL), approx. 20 active nests. Bam Swallow: 15 Mar (1)
Bristol, SLC (RPL), ers. Common Raven: 16 Mar (1) WIL (RLK); 25 Mar (1) PNM
(RLK); 18 Apr (1), 29 Apr (3) HCV (RLK), low elevation (670 m). Red-breasted
Nuthatch: few reports; 14 Mar (2) Buffalo Mountain, Washington Co. (RLK); 25
Mar (3) PNM (RLK); 13 Apr (2) BVGC (FJA). Wood Thrush: 20 Apr (1) MILC
(FJA), ers. White-eyed Vireo: 18 Apr (1) WTR (JWB), ers. Solitary Vireo: 25 Mar

(3) PNM (RLK), ers. Yellow-throated Vireo: 18 Apr (1) HCV (RLK), ers. Warbling
Vireo: 19 Apr (1) South Holston River, SLC (Ed Schell), ers.

Warbler-Finch : Golden-winged Warbler: 6 May (2) RNM (RDL, et al.), ers.
Northern Parula: 18 Apr (1) HCV (RLK), ers. Magnolia Warbler: 6 May (1) RNM
(RDL), ers. Cape May Warbler: 25 Apr (1) MILC (GOW), ers. Black-throated
Green Warbler: 6 Apr (1) HCV (RLK), ers. Blackburnian Warbler: 29 Apr (1) HCV
(RLK), only report. Yellow-throated Warbler: 29 Mar (1) WIL (RLK), ers. Pine

92

THE MIGRANT

SEPTEMBER

Warbler: 16 Mar (1) WIL (RLK), ers. Cerulean Warbler: 29 Apr (1) WIL (GOW,
RDL), only report. Black-and-white Warbler: 6 Apr (1) HCV (RLK), ers. American
Redstart: 20 Apr (1) BVGC (FJA), ers. Louisiana Waterthrush: 25 Mar (1)
Hampton, Carter Co. (RLK), ers. Kentucky Warbler: 20 Apr (1) BVGC (FJA), ers.
Canada Warbler: 29 Apr (1) WIL (GOW, RDL), ers. White-throated Sparrow: 12
May (1) RNM (RLK et al.), lrs. Rusty Blackbird: 20 Apr (4) Erwin, Unicoi Co.
(FJA), only report. Northern Oriole: 24 Apr (1) Elizabethton (GOW), ers. Purple
Finch: extremely low; only 4 reports submitted — each of about 3-4 birds.

Locations: BVGC — Buffalo Valley Golf Course, Unicoi Co.; HCV — Hoss Cove,
Washington Co.; MILC — Milligan College, Carter Co.; PNM — Pond Mountain,
Carter Co.; RNM — Roan Mountain, Carter Co.; RSL — Ripshin Lake, Carter Co.;
SHL — South Holston Lake area, Sullivan Co.; SLC — Sullivan Co.; WIL —
Wilbur Lake, Carter Co.; WTL — Watauga Lake; WTR — Watauga River, Carter Co.

RICHARD P. LEWIS, 407 V.I. Ranch Road, Bristol, TN 37620.

OBSERVERS

FJA — Fred J. Alsop
SDB — Sandra D. Bivens
DWB — Donald W. Blunk
JWB — James W Brooks
CHB — Carolyn H. Bullock
BBC — Ben B. Coffey, Jr.

LCC — Lula C. Coffey
WJC — William J. Cowart
WGC — William G. Criswell
BLC — Brian L. Cross
DAD — Dollyann Daily
DLD — Donald L. Davidson
CRD — C. Rowan DeBold
CGD — C. Gerald Drewry, Jr.
KHD — Kenneth H. Dubke
LHD — Lillian H. Dubke
RPF — Robert P. Ford
KAG — Katherine A. Goodpasture
AHH — Anne H. Heilman
RJH — R. John Henderson
MDH — Marguerite D. Hernandez
ARH — Audrey R. Hoff
RDH — Ron D. Hoff
WKJ — Wesley K. James
AMJ — Albert M. Jenkins
WNJ — William N. Jemigan

RLK — Richard L. Knight
JAK — J. Anthony Koella
LFK — Lee F. Kramer
AML — Allyn M. Lay
RPL — Richard P. Lewis
ARL — Anne R. Lochridge
OBL — O. Bedford Lochridge
RWL — Ruth W. Luckado
RDL — Richard D. Lura
MLM — Margaret L. Mann
JM — John Martin
RVM — Ruth V. McMillan
CPN — Charles P. Nicholson
RLP — Robert L. Parrish
GRP — George R. Payne
JBP — Jeanne B. Payne
VBR — Virginia B. Reynolds
DJS — Damien J. Simbeck
RWS — Richard W. Simmers, Jr.
CAS — Christopher A. Sloan
ATT — Ann T. Tarbell
DFV — David F. Vogt
MGW — Martha G. Waldron
GOW — Gary O. Wallace
CFW — C. Frank Ward
JRW — JeffR. Wilson

TJW — Terry J. Witt
LHTOS — Lee R. Herndon Chapter, TOS
MTOS — Memphis Chapter, TOS

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

The Migrant records observations and studies of birds in Tennessee and adjacent
areas. Most articles are written by members of the Tennessee Ornithological
Society.

SUBMISSIONS: The original and, if feasible, two copies of the manuscript
should be sent to the Editor: T. David Pitts, Biology Department, University of
Tennessee at Martin, Martin, TN 38238. Manuscripts that have been published in
other journals should not be submitted.

MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee
ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, and scientifically accurate.

STYLE: Both articles and short notes are solicited; recent issues of The Migrant
should be used as a guide in the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is
needed, reference should be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals] this
book is available at many public libraries and from the American Institute of
Biological Sciences, 1401 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209.

COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8.5 x 11” paper with
adequate margins for editorial notations. Tables should be prepared on separate
sheets with appropriate title and column headings. Photographs intended for
reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on glossy white paper; black and
white photographs will usually reproduce better than color photographs. Weights,
measurements, and distances should be in metric units. Dates should be in “con-
tinental” form (e.g., 16 March 1968). Use the 24-hour clock (e.g., 0500 or 1900).

NOMENCLATURE: The common and scientific names of a species should be
given the first time it is mentioned. The scientific name should be underlined.
Names should follow the A.O.U. Check-list of North American Birds (1983 edition
or subsequent supplements).

TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive.

ABSTRACT: Manuscripts of five or more typed pages should include an
abstract. The abstract should be less than 5% of the length of the manuscript. It
should include a brief explanation of why the research was done, the major results,
and why the results are important.

LITERATURE CITED: List all literature citations in a Literature Cited section
at the end of the text. Text citations should include the author and year.

IDENTIFICATION: Manuscripts including reports of rare or unusual species or
of species at atypical times will be reviewed by the TOS Certification Committee
before publication in The Migrant. Verifying evidence should include: date, time,
light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment, distance,
behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic markings,
experience of observer, other observers verifying the identification, and reference
works consulted.

REPRINTS: Reprints are available to authors on request. Billing to authors will
be through the TOS Treasurer.

SEASON REPORTS: Observations that are to be considered for publication in
The Season section should be mailed to the appropriate Regional Compiler. Consult
a recent issue of The Migrant for the name and address of the compilers.

CONTENTS

SECOND TENNESSEE BREEDING RECORD OF SAVANNAH
SPARROW, WITH COMMENTS ON ITS EXPANSION INTO
THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS

Richard L. Knight 69

PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE

Barbara W. Finney 72

ANOTHER CONSIDERATION OF YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO
CASUALTIES AT A TENNESSEE TV TOWER

Robert L. Crawford 72

REPLY TO CRAWFORD

Paul B. Hamel 74

SHARP-SHINNED HAWK DIES ENTANGLED IN VINES

Michael L. Bramlett and T. David Pitts 74

CONSTITUTION OF THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY

As Amended May 2, 1987 75

BYLAWS OF THE TENNESSEE ORNIGHOLOGICAL SOCIETY

80

THE SEASON — Spring: 1 March - 31 May 1989

John C. Robinson 81

Western Coastal Plain Region. Martha G. Waldron 81

Highland Rim and Basin Region. David F. Vogt 84

Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. Richard L. Knight 88

Eastern Mountain Region. Richard P. Lewis 91

Observers 92

[VOL. 60, 1989]

ACTUAL MAILING DATE: 7 May 1990

THE MIGRANT

A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY

FIRST ISSUE PUBLISHED IN JUNE 1930

Published by

THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Founded at Nashville, Tennessee on 7 October 1915
The T.O.S. is a non-profit, educational, scientific,
and conservation organization.

EDITORIAL STAFF

Editor — T. David Pitts, Biology Dept. UTM, Martin, TN 38238
State Count Compiler — Susan McWhirter, 4962 Gwynne, Memphis, TN

38117

Season Editor — Robert P. Ford, Tennessee Dept, of Conservation,
460 Ozier Road, Pinson, TN 38366

OFFICERS FOR 1989-1991

President — Barbara Finney, P.O. Box 1 1667, Knoxville, TN 37919
Vice Presidents:

East Tenn. — J.B. Owen, 2324 Antietam Road, Knoxville, TN 37917
Middle Tenn. — Portia MacMillan, 3201 Overlook Drive, Nashville,
TN 37212

West Tenn. — Virginia Reynolds, 4241 Waymar Dr., Memphis, TN
38117

Directors-at-Large:

East Tenn. — Dee Eiklor, Rt. 1 1, Box 178, Gray, TN 37615
Middle Tenn. — David Snyder, Biology Department, Austin Peay
State University, Clarksville, TN 37044
West Tenn. — John R. Conder, P.O. Box 443, Camden, TN 38320
Curator — James T. Tanner, 417 Switzerland Dr., Knoxville, TN 37920
Secretary — Nancy Tanner, 417 Switzerland Dr., Knoxville, TN 37920
Treasurer — George R. Payne, P.O. Box 371648, Memphis, TN 38184

All TOS members receive The Migrant and the TOS newsletter. The Tennessee
Warbler. The newsletter carries information about meetings, forays, and club activities.

Annual dues are $10.00 for an Active membership. Other categories of membership
are: Student - $5.00; Family - $12.00; Library - $15.00; Sustaining - $20.00; Life - $200.00.
Chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses. Dues, contributions, and be-
quests are deductible from Federal income and estate taxes. Back issues of The Migrant
may be purchased from the Curator. Please correspond with the Treasurer for subscriptions,
memberships, and changes of address.

Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December).

Printed by Tennessee Industrial Printing Services, Inc., 51 Miller Ave., Jackson, TN 38305.

Copyright © 1990 by the Tennessee Ornithological Society

THE MIGRAN

Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society,
to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in

Issued in March, June, September, and December

VOL. 60 DECEMBER 1989

The Migrant, 60(4):93-94, 1989

ANOTHER 19TH CENTURY COMMON MERGANSER EGG SET
COLLECTED IN TENNESSEE

Richard L. Knight

804 North Hills Drive, Johnson City, TN 37604

Kiff (1989) described five sets of Common Merganser ( Mergus merganser ) eggs
collected in Smith County, Tennessee, from 1897-1899. These sets, consisting of
7-9 eggs each, were taken from tree cavities 2. 2 -5. 5 m high during late April or
early May. Three sets are still extant, while the other two are known from data
cards. These old records represent the only known breeding evidence of this species
from Tennessee and are among the few southern records (detailed in Kiff 1989).
Currently, the Common Merganser is an uncommon migrant and winter visitor
statewide (Bierly 1980).

Recently, another nineteenth century Common Merganser egg set from Tennessee
was brought to my attention. In describing a newly acquired egg collection, Cook
(1985) mentioned a Short-eared Owl {Asio flammeus ) egg set from Tennessee.
Upon inquiry, Cook (pers. comm.) informed me that the owl record was actually
from Pennsylvania, but that a Common Merganser egg set from Tennessee was in
the collection. The original label from the collection states that a clutch of seven
fresh eggs of American (= Common) Merganser were taken from a “nest in a hollow
tree about [4 m] up” in Smith County, Tennessee on 13 May 1896 by Jonathan
Minchen. Still in excellent condition, the eggs are cream colored and long elliptical
in shape, while “one of them measures 66x44 mm” (Cook pers. comm.). This
description of the eggs fits Common Merganser and differs considerably from that
of Wood Duck (Aix sponsa ) and Hooded Merganser {Lophodytes cucullatus )
(Harrison 1975), Tennessee’s other cavity nesting ducks. Formerly part of the
oological collection of Albert H. Frost of New York City, this egg set (#085) is
now housed at Columbia -Greene Community College, Hudson, New York (Cook,
1985, pers. comm.).

It is interesting to note that all six known Tennessee records are from a four-year
period from the same county, but that three different collectors were involved.
Precise locations were not given, but one nest tree was “on the bank of a river”
(Kiff 1989), which is typical merganser nesting habitat. The Cumberland and
Caney Fork Rivers are the major waterways in Smith County. Did these breeding
records indicate a small relict population or maybe just a couple of extralimital
pairs? We may never know. But, since these old records only recently were

93

94

THE MIGRANT

DECEMBER

“discovered,” perhaps there are more sets in other egg collections scattered across
the country which could fill in some of the gaps.

I thank William E. Cook for his assistance in bringing this record to light.

LITERATURE CITED

BlERLY, M.L. 1980. Bird finding in Tennessee. M.L. Bierly, Nashville.

COOK, W.E. 1985. Large 19th century egg and nest collection recently discovered. Kingbird
35:247-250.

HARRISON, H.H. 1975. A field guide to birds’ nests. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.

KlFF, L.F. 1989. Historical breeding records of the Common Merganser in the southeastern
United States. Wilson Bull 101:141-143.

Accepted 1 August 1989.

The Migrant, 60(4):94-95, 1989

AUTUMN HAWK COUNTS —1988
Audrey R. Hoff

4523 McCloud Road, Knoxville, Tennessee 37938
T. David Pitts

Biology Dept., UTM, Martin, Tennessee 38238

Hawkwatchers reported a total of 3,922 birds from 128.9 hours of observations
in 1988. Sixty hours of the observations (with 2,657 hawks) were made at
Cloudland Canyon State Park; this site is on the top and west side of Lookout
Mountain, Dade County, Georgia (35° 1 50' 09" N, 85° 28' 47" W, Durham, GA
7.5 Quad USGS). While some observations have been made from this location in
the past, this is the first time for systematic observations. If the observations from
this site are excluded from the totals, only 68.9 hours of observations and 1,265
birds were reported from Tennessee. The results are presented in Table 1. As
usual, the huge majority of the sightings (>96%) were of Broad-winged Hawks
(Buteo platypterus ); the highest count was on 21 September which is the normal
time for the migration of this species to peak in our area.

Please see page 96 of this issue for comments about the possible cessation of
publication of autumn hawk count data in The Migrant.

Table 1. Autumn hawk counts —1988.

1989

HAWK COUNT

95

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Key to species abbreviations in tables: TV — Turkey Vulture; SS — Sharp-shinned Hawk; CH — Cooper’s Hawk; UA — Unidentified accipiter;
RT — Red-tailed Hawk; RS — Red-shouldered Hawk; BW — Broad- winged Hawk; UB — unidentified buteo; NH — Northern Harrier; OS — Osprey;
AK— American Kestrel; OTH— other raptors; PF— Peregrine Falcon; BE— Bald Eagle; UR— unidentified raptor.

The Migrant , 60(4):96, 1989

EDITOR’S NOTE
T. David Pitts

The autumn hawk migration data reported in this issue may be the last to appear
in The Migrant. The number of Tennessee observers submitting reports and the
number of hours of observations reported from Tennessee have both declined
drastically. A possible reason for these declines may be the availability of other,
and perhaps more appropriate, data compilation and reporting services, such as the
Hawk Migration Association of North America (HMANA) newsletters. Many of
the earlier hawk migration reports in The Migrant contained data from adjacent
states, although this was not always clearly pointed out. Past editors and compilers
differed in the way out of state reports were handled; the report in this issue contains
data from Georgia. HMANA compiles data from a large area and is, therefore, able
to present a more realistic picture of hawk migration which is truly an international
event.

Currently the position of hawk count compiler for The Migrant is open; no one
has volunteered or suggested a candidate for the position. Unless there is a
resurgence of interest in publishing hawk migration data in The Migrant the hawk
count report will be discontinued. Hawk watching is fun (at least on the days with
good flights) and always worthwhile (even negative reports are of value); however,
like all other TOS activities, participation is voluntary and other birding activities
may be more attractive. I suggest that hawk watchers continue to observe from
Tennessee sites with the results going to one or more of the organizations (such as
HMANA, P.O. Box 3482, Rivermont Station, Lynchburg, VA 24503) that compile
such data. Unusual sightings or numbers could also serve as the basis for short notes
in The Migrant. Most importantly, data on hawk migration in Tennessee should
continue to be gathered and made available to current and future researchers so that
these birds can be better understood and conserved.

Readers of the inside front cover will note two changes in the editorial staff; John
Robinson (Season Editor) has been replaced by Bob Ford, and Damien Simbeck
(State Count Compiler) has been replaced by Susan McWhirter. The work of both
John and Damien is gratefully acknowledged.

The Migrant, 60(4):96-97, 1989

AMERICAN AVOCETS IN FRANKLIN COUNTY, TENNESSEE

Don Davidson

1703 Second Ave., Manchester, TN 37355

On 22 April 1989 while driving around Woods Reservoir (Franklin County) I
spotted a group of seven American Avocets ( Recurvirostra americana). Observa-
tions were made in bright sunlight with 10-40x binoculars and a 15-60x spotting
scope at an initial distance of 75-100 m and later at 25 m. The avocets’ size (by
direct comparison with adjacent Ring-billed Gulls {Laras delawarensis )), white
body, black wings with white stripes, and long, slender recurved bill made iden-
tification easy. All seven birds were in breeding plumage with reddish-tan neck

96

1989

AMERICAN AVOCETS

97

and heads. The flock was first seen in deep water; after being disturbed by the busy
water traffic from an adjacent boat dock, they flew in tight formation to a small
strip of sand beach. Here the long dark legs, white eye rings, and white around the
base of the bill could be seen. Ruth Luckado joined me in observing the birds; Harry
Yeatman and Jim Peters observed the birds in the afternoon of the same day. The
avocets could not be found the next day.

Avocets are only occasional migrants in middle Tennessee (Vogt, D.F., et al.,
1985. Birds of the Nashville area (fourth ed.). Nashville Chapter TOS); spring
observations are less frequent in Tennessee than fall observations. The observed
behavior of sitting on deep water may have been induced by the lack of beach-like
areas around Woods Reservoir, the large number of people present, and the heavy
boat traffic in the area. To my knowledge this is the first sighting of avocets on
Woods Reservoir. A fall sighting in nearby Tims Ford Reservoir was documented
by Harry Yeatman ( Migrant 46:60-61, 1975).

Accepted 9 June 1989.

The Migrant, 60(4):97-100 , 1989

MINUTES OF THE FALL 1989 TOS BOARD OF DIRECTORS
MEETING AND SYMPOSIUM

The Board of Directors Meeting was held at the Ramada Inn, Crossville, on
October 14, 1989, with 28 directors in person and one represented by proxy.
President Barbara Finney called the meeting to order at 4:00 p.m. and copies of the
minutes of the 1989 spring meeting were distributed. Fred Carney corrected the
name of Rick Taylor in the minutes to Richard Taylor. Jim Tanner moved the
minutes be approved as corrected. Lois Herndon seconded it and the motion carried.

VICE-PRESIDENTS and DIRECTORS AT LARGE: There were no reports.

TREASURER: George Payne reported that from 1 May 1989 to 12 October 1989,
income was $7,190.75 and expenses were $5,088.35. Current assets are
$61,787.13. He also presented a proposed budget for 1990. Both reports are filed
with the secretary.

George Payne also reported a loss of two chapters, Bristol and Red River, leaving
a total of twelve chapters with a membership of 796, a decrease of 162 members
from 1988.

CURATOR: James Tanner reported that some back copies of The Migrant have
been added to the collection, and he hopes that some of these will be sold.

EDITOR, The Migrant : David Pitts reported that the March, 1989, issue of The
Migrant has been typeset and will be mailed soon. The June, 1989, issue is ready
for the printer.

David Pitts said he would like to return to Hodge Printing Company in Knoxville
because the Allen Press is too expensive. The estimate of the cost of the last issue
was $1,800, but the bill was $2,800. He would also like to return to the unique
colors for the different seasons.

David suggested that there be a special issue for the 75th anniversary of TOS.
This would be the June, 1990, Migrant , and it would include pictures of the spring
meeting. He would also like to include such articles as a history of TOS since the

98

THE MIGRANT

DECEMBER

50th anniversary to clearly document changes in TOS and in the field work results,
a history of the fall meetings, a history of the bald eagles, and so on.

David asked for the Board’s opinion of a new cover design to replace the 1937
one designed by Harry Ijams. Jim Tanner said that Harry Ijams himself thought the
cover design should be redone because of some anatomical faults, but that other
people say it is the best cover of all the bird journals. Lula Coffey suggested having
a competition for a new design. Fred Carney suggested a silver cover for the 75th.
There was a lengthy discussion of the various suggestions but no consensus.

A volunteer is needed to be compiler of the hawk count, and another to replace
Damien Simbeck as compiler of the Christmas and spring bird counts. There has
been no Christmas count at Reelf oot Lake recently, and that count needs to be
reactivated and needs a compiler.

SECRETARY : Nancy Tanner asked for the names of the officers and directors
of the four chapters which had not yet responded by mail.

NOMINATING COMMITTEE: Jim Ferguson had no report.

FINANCE COMMITTEE: Barbara Finney reported that the former chairman,
Richard Taylor, has left Tennessee. She asked for nominations from the three
divisions of the state for a two year appointment to the Finance Committee.

Fred Carney was nominated from West Tennessee by Helen Dinkelspiel.

Dan Gray was nominated from Middle Tennessee by Dick Newton.

Jim Tanner was nominated from East Tennessee by Chuck Nicholson.

Lois Herndon moved that the three nominees be accepted. Paul Hamel seconded
the motion and it carried.

BREEDING BIRD ATLAS: Chuck Nicholson reported that field workers made
very good progress during the recently completed fourth field season. With some
increase in effort, most of the blocks in middle and east Tennessee can probably
be finished next year. An additional sixth field season will be necessary to complete
west Tennessee and fill in gaps elsewhere. There will be two forays next year, one
of which will be in Martin.

Because of the rain this past season, less money was spent for blockbusters than
was budgeted. This money will be carried over to the next field season. Several
fund-raising activities are planned, including more birdseed sales, an end of the
year mail appeal, and a bird-a-thon in the spring of 1990. Robbie Hassler has
donated to the Atlas project a carving of a hummingbird to be sold for $200.

A proposal for publication of An Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Tennessee was
accepted by the University of Tennessee Press and a contract drawn up for our
signature. It provides for the manuscript to be completed by July 1, 1992. TOS will
hold the copyright. The book will have 350 pages on species accounts and about
100 additional pages for introduction, appendices, and index.

Chuck Nicholson moved that we approve signing the contract with the U.T. Press
for publication of the Atlas following approval by legal counsel. Audrey Hoff
seconded the motion. Dick Newton moved an amendment to state that the contract
be subject to the approval by TOS of the financial arrangements. Louise Jackson
seconded the motion. The motion to amend was defeated. The original motion to
approve signing the contract was passed. The contract was given to Mike McMahan
for legal approval.

1989

MINUTES

99

TENNESSEE BIRD RECORDS: Barbara ascertained that the only members
still on the committee were from West Tennessee. Bob Ford is the member and
George Payne is the alternate. She said she would welcome suggestions of members
to be appointed for three year terms from East Tennessee and two year terms from
Middle Tennessee.

CONSERVATION AND EDUCATION: Ken Dubke reported that he had
notified Senator Morris Udall of the TOS support voted last May to establish the
American Heritage Trust Act of 1989. Ken also spoke of his efforts on behalf of
the Red-cockaded Woodpecker in Cherokee National Forest, for a wildlife observation
area in Chattanooga, for Greenways, and against channelization of the Obed River.

After distribution of a resolution written by Paul Hamel to prevent channel work
in the Tuscumbia River, Ken moved that TOS adopt the resolution. George
Mayfield seconded it and the motion carried. A copy of the resolution was filed
with the secretary.

Ray Jordan asked for TOS opposition to a landfill on the banks of Spring Creek
in Overton County. No action was taken.

FALL SYMPOSIUM: Barbara Finney thanked David Snyder and George Mayfield
for their work on the Fall Symposium. George reported that 78 members were
registered. George suggested that the next fall meeting be at Montgomery Bell State
Park. He would be glad to call the park now for reservations.

David Snyder would like to be replaced as Fall Symposium director, a position
he has held for several years.

David Snyder showed a brochure on “Amphibians and Reptiles of Land Between
the Lakes.” It is free to teachers from the Center for Field Biology of LBL.

EDITOR, The Tennessee Warbler : Jim Finney reported that the next issue will
be March 1, 1990. The deadline for material will be the first week of February.
Some copies of the Warbler were late in being delivered. George Payne explained
that it is sent by third class permit and that the Post Office has thirty days to deliver
such mail.

MEMBERSHIP: No new chairman will be appointed. Membership will be
handled on the local chapter level.

TENNESSEE ENVIRONMENTAL COUNCIL: No report. At the 1989 Annual
Meeting, TOS Board voted to continue membership indefinitely.

OLD BUSINESS: Jim Ferguson reported that the 75th anniversary spring
meeting will be held at the Ramada Inn in Memphis. Details will be in the Warbler.
He requested that we fill out the questionnaires on interesting places to see in
Memphis.

NEW BUSINESS: Helen Dinkelspiel nominated Jim Ferguson for Vice-President
from West Tennessee. Lula Coffey seconded the nomination. The vote was
unanimous.

George Payne moved that the TOS have a competition for designs for the cover
of The Migrant and that the present cover be entered in the competition. Dick
Newton seconded the motion and the motion passed. The competition will be
publicized in the Warbler and The Migrant and by word of mouth in the local

100

THE MIGRANT

DECEMBER

chapters. Designs are to be sent to David Pitts. There could be a display at the spring
meeting and a vote taken then.

Audrey Hoff spoke for Ron Hoff, whose proxy she carried. She moved that TOS
institute an annual award to persons who have contributed the most to birding in
Tennessee; that there be a committee to work out the details; and that the award go
into effect at the 1990 spring meeting. Susan Hoyle seconded the motion. The
motion carried.

There being no further business, the meeting adjourned at 5:45 p.m.

SYMPOSIUM

The program of 1989 TOS Symposium was arranged by David H. Snyder. The
speakers and the titles of presentations follow.

Saturday afternoon (14 October)

Cumulative Impact Of Watershed Disturbance On Breeding Warblers In

West Tennessee , by Robert P. Ford.

Bald Eagle Restoration On Dale Hollow Reservoir , by O. Ray Jordan.

Why Do Bluebirds Build Nests? by T. David Pitts.

Wintering Bird Populations In Fragmented Forests Of The Central Basin,

by Joseph W. Wahl.

Results Of The 1989 Field Season Of The Tennessee Breeding Bird Atlas

Project, by Charles P. Nicholson.

Foray Report, by Damien Simbeck.

Saturday evening

Swamps, Snags, And Snakes: Breeding Ecology Of The Prothonotary Warbler

In Tennessee, by Lisa J. Petit (University of Arkansas).

Nancy Tanner, Secretary
The Migrant, 60(4): 100- 101, 1989

IN MEMORIAM: ADELE H. WEST

Kenneth H. Dubke
8139 Roy Lane, Ooltewah, TN 37363

Adele H. West, the motivating force behind the organization of the Chattanooga
Chapter, TOS, died in Nashville on 28 August 1986 at the age of 77. Adele was
bom in Boston, Massachusetts; in her teens she moved to Manchester, New
Hampshire to live with an aunt and uncle. After finishing high school she was
employed by the New Hampshire Public Service Company. She attended a normal
school in Keene, New Hampshire. In 1932 she moved to Nashville where she
worked for the Nashville Tennessean newspaper. Later in 1932 she took a job with
TV A at Wilson Dam, Alabama; there she met her future husband Eugene (“Gene”)
West. They were married on 26 April 1933 at Tuscumbia.

In 1946 Gene was transferred to Watauga Dam at Elizabethton. This is where
Adele and Gene met Lee and Lois Herndon. The rest is now history. Up to this time

1989

In MEMORIAM

101

Adele had never done any birding, but when
Lee found out about her latent interest he took her
under his wing and offered expert guidance
based on his many years of experience. Gene
later transferred to Chattanooga.

Instilled by Lee Herndon with the goals and
objectives of the TOS, Adele was encouraged
to organize field enthusiasts in the area. On
19 August 1953 the organization was formed
as the Chattanooga Bird Study club with 21
charter members. They were officially recog-
nized by TOS President Mrs. Robert A. Monroe
as the Chattanooga Chapter at a supper meeting
on 10 March 1954.

Immediately the fledgling group scheduled
regular meetings and field trips to the varied
habitats in the area. Adele was responsible for
noteworthy observations being submitted to
The Migrant in the form of “Round Table” notes and “The Season” reports. In
order to foster communication with members, Adele helped initiate a newsletter,
The Chattanooga Chat , and was its editor for five years.

The first Christmas Bird Count in Chattanooga was conducted in 1953 and the
first spring count in 1954. Adele, with the enthusiastic support of Gene, organized
the first area Hawk Counts in 1954. Members fanned out to fire towers on Elder
Mountain, the Cumberland Plateau at Morgan Springs, Fall Creek Falls State Park,
Daisy and the escarpment west of Sequatchie Valley northwest of Pikeville. Some
members also observed from the Oswald Dome fire tower on Chilhowee Mountain
in Polk County.

With Adele ’s expanding interest in birds and conservation she wrote a number
of nature articles for the Chattanooga Times newspaper as well as the Tennessee
Conservationist and Travel and Trailer Topics magazines. She and Gene made a
number of 16mm color films on various nature subjects. She wrote the commen-
taries and presented them in person when they were shown to interested groups.

Adele birded in all 48 continental states, Alaska, Canada, Mexico, Panama, and
Columbia, South America. In the 1960’s Adele and Gene retired to Crossville
where, because of health reasons, she was relatively inactive in bird study.

The seeds of bird study and conservation sown by Adele continue to flourish and
thrive in the Chattanooga area today. Prior to her arrival, bird records from the area
were scant and sketchy. The observations she recorded in The Migrant , and
elsewhere, are the historical basis for our knowledge of avian distribution in the
Chattanooga area. In addition to her writings, Adele’s influence and legacy will
continue to live on, as Gene has graciously donated her library of books to the
Chattanooga Chapter. Future students will be forever grateful for all of her
contributions.

Accepted 15 October 1989.

The Migrant, 60(4): 102- 110 , 1989

THE SEASON
Robert P. Ford, Editor

SUMMER: 1 JUNE — 31 JULY 1989

This summer season was the wettest in several years, presenting birds and birders
with a change from recent drought conditions. Rainfall filled most lakes to capacity,
and flooded bottomland hardwood forests in west Tennessee throughout the month
of June, a first in recent memory. The extent of impacts to ground nesting birds
was difficult to assess, although “considerable losses” occurred in the Eastern
Ridge and Valley region. Many species, however, nested successfully later in the
season, as noted for Least Tern in the Western Coastal Plain and Killdeer in the
Eastern Ridge and Valley regions.

Regardless of high waters, observers for the Tennessee Breeding Bird Atlas
project journeyed afield and, once again, supplied much of the information found
in this report. Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers occurred in the eastern mountains; this is
the first breeding season record in Tennessee for several years. Atlassers found new
nesting locations for Grasshopper Sparrows in the Highland Rim and Basin region,
and high densities were found in at least one area of the Eastern Mountain region.
House Finch numbers continue to increase across the state. As this species continues
to expand its breeding range, documentation of competition with other species would
be valuable.

The season was especially eventful for herons, as new breeding locations were
confirmed and at least one traditional heronry dissipated. Mixed species of herons
and egrets were present throughout the period along the Mississippi River, a Great
Blue Heron colony is suspected in the basin, and the first Great Blue Heron colony
in Monroe Co., Eastern Mountain region, was documented. Black-crowned and
Yellow-crowned Night-Herons may not have fared so well. The traditional Black-
crowned heronry at Bordeaux apparently dispersed, and the regional compiler asks
all observers to search for new locations of a heronry. In Chattanooga, the
Yellow-crowned colony did not produce young this year. Details may be found in
regional reports.

The most notable rare bird occurrence of the season was an immature Roseate
Spoonbill, found in the Highland Rim and Basin region. This individual constituted
only the second state record for this species. Observation of a Franklin’s Gull was
among other notable rare bird occurrences. Transient shorebirds arrived as ex-
pected in July, and are duly reported by region.

Abbreviations used in the following report include: ad - adult; EOP - end of
period; ers - earliest fall migrant reported; in. - inch; m - meters; max - maximum
number reported from 1 county in 1 day; yg - young; * - record has been
documented.

102

1989

THE SEASON

103

WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN REGION — The summer season was relatively
cool and wet. High temperatures were below normal in June (-1.3° F) and July
(-1.1° F), while rainfall was above normal in June (+3.6 in.) and July (+3.52 in.).
Summer residents and transients arrived as expected with attention given primarily
to shorebirds at Ensley Bottoms Sewage Lagoons. Confirmations of nesting Bank
Swallows and Least Terns reaffirmed the importance of preserving the fragile
environs of the Mississippi River.

Grebe - Tern: Pied-billed Grebe: 26 Jun (2 ad, 2 yg) Tatumville marsh, DYC
(Mark Greene). Double-crested Cormorant: 5 Jun (2) Phillipy Pits, LKC (WGC).
Heron species: Sightings of mixed species of herons and egrets along the Missis-
sippi River from SBC to LKC have substantiated the presence of wading birds
throughout the summer season. Surveys by boat, car, and foot in DYC, Obion, and
LKC have provided a great deal of information regarding the presence of large
numbers of Great Blue Herons, Little Blue Herons, Great Egrets, and Snowy
Egrets. Based on a survey by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, large numbers of
herons and egrets were seen near Ensley Bar SBC in 1985 and 1989. Additional
heronries in Tipton and LDC Counties at River Miles 757, 760, and 813 were
observed in early Jun and Aug. Further river sightings were made in north DYC
and south LKC (River Miles 842, 845). About 750 individuals of mixed heron/egret
species were feeding at Phillipy Pits, LKC, River Mile 920 (WGC). Canada Goose:
2 Jun (4 eggs hatched, ad with bands) S.F. Forked Deer River, DYC (Ken Webster
fide RPF). Blue- winged Teal: 5 Jun (1 male) Phillipy Pits, LKC (WGC); 29 Jun (2 ad,
8 yg) LHWR, LDC (Linda Watters, Assistant Refuge Manager), first nesting record
for refuge; 10/17 Jul (1/20) Hwy 79W, LKC (WGC); 19 Jul (1) ESL (MGW, JEW);
23 Jul (7) Phillipy Pits, LKC (WGC). Hooded Merganser: 5 Jun (7) Phillipy Pits,
LKC (WGC). Common Moorhen: 21 Jun (1) REL, LKC (TJW). King Rail: 7-23 Jun
(2) LHWR, LDC (Linda Watters, Bobby Baker); 20 Jun (1) HWR (Glenn Harris).
Osprey: 1 Jun - EOP (2 ad, nest with yg) Tennessee River and Cypress Creek, Henry
Co. (Joyce North); 21 Jun (2) REL, LKC (TJW); 26 Jun (4) Markham/Hwy 78N,
LKC (WGC); 25 Jul (1) HWR (Knox Martin). Cooper’s Hawk: 25 Jun (1 heard)
Cedar Grove, Carroll Co. (DFV). Lesser Yellowlegs: 10 Jun- 19 Jul (1 - 10) ESL
(CHB, VBR, MGW, JEW); 17 Jul (13) Hwy 79W, LKC (WGC). Solitary
Sandpiper: 12-22 Jul (18) ESL (CHB, VBR, MGW, JEW); 17 Jul (5) Hwy 79W,
LKC (WGC); 17/23 Jul (1/2) Phillipy Pits LKC (WGC). Western Sandpiper: 10 Jun
(1) ESL (VBR, CHB); 10 Jul (3) Hwy 79W, LKC (WGC); 22 Jul (3) ESL (MGW,
JEW); 23 Jul (5) Phillipy Pits, LKC (WGC); 24 Jul (6) Is 13 (WGC). Pectoral
Sandpiper: 10 Jun-22 Jul (1-344) ESL (CHB, VBR, MGW, JEW). Stilt Sandpiper:
19/22 Jul (1/4) ESL (MGW, JEW). Long-billed Dowitcher: 19 Jul (3) ESL (MGW,
JEW), identified by call. Least Tern: In early Jun, many islands with nests
containing three eggs were found during a survey by small boat. However, a rising
river inundated islands, and nests were subsequently destroyed. A second survey
was conducted after the river began to drop in early August. Terns nested a second
time with only two eggs per nest. Terns nesting on some higher islands apparently
were successful, as young birds were observed. A more comprehensive report will
be published later.

104

THE MIGRANT

DECEMBER

Table 1. Results from a Chuck-will’s-widow (CWW) and Whip-poor-will (WPW)
Survey in southern west Tennessee

CWW WPW

Kilometers

No.

No.

Date

County

Surveyed

Total

per km

Total

per km

16/17 Jun

Madison

112

76

.68

30

.26

19/20 Jun

Fayette

88

145

1.6

27

.31

19/20 Jun

Hardeman

23

19

.82

4

.17

Goatsuckers : Numbers of Chuck- will’s- widows (CWW) and Whip-poor-wills
(WPW) were lower than those found in 1988 in west Tennessee, although different
counties were surveyed this year (Table 1, BBC and LCC).

Swallow - Finch: Swallow species: 9 Jul (300+) Bank Swallow, Tree Swallow,
Purple Martin, Phillipy Pits, LKC (WGC). Tree Swallow: 5/9 Jul (10/12 ad, 2 yg)
Phillipy Pits, LKC (WGC). Bank Swallow: 26 Jun (150 holes) Heloise, DYC
(WGC); 5 Jul (5) Phillipy Pits, LKC (WGC); 29 Jun (600 holes) east bank, MS
river, 3.2 km N of Randolph, LDC, (175 holes) Chickasaw Bluff No. 2, 1.6 to 3.2 km
S of Randolph, Tipton Co. (BBC, LCC, JBG); 17 Jul (130) Champey’s Pocket,
REL (WGC). Bam Swallow: 26 Jun (50 nests) 1-55 overpass and Delaware St.,
SBC (BBC, LCC), fewer than 3 previous years. Bewick’s Wren: 30 May (1) 3.2
km NE of Camden, about 1.6 km N of a bird taped 3 Jul 1984, Benton Co. (BBC,
LCC). Loggerhead Shrike: 29 May (1) NE of Mifflin, Chester Co.; (1) SW of
Lexington, Henderson Co. (BBC, LCC). Pine Warbler: 6 Jun (1) PEF (HBD, VBR);
(1) SE SBC (MGW). Cerulean Warbler: 12 Jun (1) SFP (BBC). Black-and-white
Warbler: 25 Jun (1) Cedar Grove, Carroll Co. (DFV). Worm-eating Warbler: 12
Jun (1) SFP (BBC, LCC). Swainson’s Warbler: 28 May (1) S of La Grange N of
Wolf River, Fayette Co. (BBC, LCC). Scarlet Tanager: 3 Jun (3) HWR (BBC, LCC,
JBG); 23 Jul (1) Sugartree, east central Decatur Co. (CHB). Bachman’s Sparrow:
9 Jun (1) Pine Top, Chester Co. (BBC, LCC), only one for this season although
several areas were checked. Grasshopper Sparrow: 4/7 Jul (6/3) Hwy 79 W, LKC
(WGC). House Finch: Memphis, Jackson, and other west Tennessee locations
reported nesting finches. BBC has banded 414 this season. Several banded birds
have been reported in SBC this summer.

Locations : DYC-Dyer Co.; ESL-Ensley Bottom sewage lagoons, Shelby Co.;
HWR-Hatchie Natonal Wildlife Refuge, Haywood Co.; Is 13 -Island 13, Lake Co.;
LDC -Lauderdale Co.; LHNWR-Lower Hatchie Natonal Wildlide Refuge, Tipton
and Lauderdale Cos.; LKC-Lake Co.; PEF-Penal Farm, Shelby Co.; REL-Reel-
foot Lake; SBC-Shelby Co.; SFP-Shelby Forest State Park, Shelby Co.

MARTHA G. WALDRON, 1626 Yorkshire Dr., Memphis, TN 38119

1989

THE SEASON

105

HIGHLAND RIM AND BASIN REGION — In Nashville, over twice the
normal rainfall was recorded in Jun and temperatures were below normal. In Jul,
rainfall was .64 in. below normal and temperatures were virtually normal.

The most notable record for the season was an immature Roseate Spoonbill,
present at Cross Creeks National Wildlife Refuge (CCNWR) for much of the
period. A number of non-nesting species of ducks spent the summer there, and
others arrived exceptionally early. A pair of Scissor-tailed Flycatchers was present
for much of the period, lingering into mid- Jun before disappearing. Tennessee
Breeding Bird Atlas field workers recorded encouraging numbers of Red-headed
Woodpeckers and Grasshopper Sparrows in the region.

The most alarming development in the region was the abandonment of the
Bordeaux Heronry in Nashville. This Black-crowned Night-Heron colony, active
since 1953, has been occupied by as many as 700 herons (1984). However, not one
active nest was recorded this season. The presence of herons feeding on the river
near the old heronry suggests that the birds may have established a new heronry in
the general vicinity, or combined with a known heronry on Old Hickory Lake. Area
birders are encouraged to make every effort to locate any new heronries, or to note
any increases in existing heronries.

Grebe-ducks: Pied-billed Grebe: 12 Jul (1) OHL, DVC (RYN, MLM). Least
Bittern: 8 Jul (1) BWMA, SWC (DWB), only report. Great Blue Heron: 23 July
(83) CCNWR, SWC (DWB), max.; an unexpectedly high number of Great Blue
Herons recorded across the basin by Tennessee Breeding Bird Atlas observers in
Jun and Jul suggests the possibility of an unknown heronry in this region. Great
Egret: 21 Jun (2) Nashville, DVC (DWB); 8 Jul-EOP (1-3) CCNWR, SWC (DWB).
Snowy Egret: 18 Jul-EOP (1-2) CCNWR, SWC (DWB). Little Blue Heron: 22 June
(3) 1-24 S of Nashville, DVC (DWB); 30 May-25 Jun (1 im) Hendersonville, DVC
(RYN); 8 Jul (5) BWMA, SWC (DWB); 23 Jul (55) CCNWR (DWB), max.
Yellow-crowned Night-Heron: 13 Jul (9) SWC (DWB), max. White Ibis: 30 Jul (1 im)
BCWMA, SWC (DWB). ROSEATE SPOONBILL: 23 Jul (1 im*) CCNWR, SWC
(DWB, m.ob.), 2nd state record, 1st SWC record. Wood Duck: 18 Jul (111)
CCNWR, SWC (DWB), max. Gadwall: 25 Jul (2) CCNWR, SWC (DWB), ers.
American Wigeon: 1 Jun-EOP (2) BWMA, SWC (DWB), these 2 birds were
present during much of the spring period, and include an injured male that is unable
to fly and a healthy female. Redhead: 24 Jul (1) CCNWR, SWC (JRW). Ring-necked
Duck: 18 Jul-EOP (1-2 ad) CCNWR, SWC (DWB).

Raptors : Black Vulture: 6 Jun (1 ad and 2 nestlings) near Verona, Marshall Co.
(DFV), nest with yg in limestone sink; 24 Jul (1 nestling) near Kingston Springs,
Cheatam Co. (Tim Higgs, fide DFV), nest under rock bluff on small creek. Turkey
Vulture: 6 Jun (1 ad, 2 yg) near Verona, Marshall Co. (DFV), this nest was
discovered less than 50 m from the above Marshall Co. Black Vulture nest. Osprey:
17 Jun (1) Cane Creek, Houston Co. (DWB); 8 Aug (1) Stones River, RUC (MLM).
Bald Eagle: 6-7 Aug (2 ad) CCNWR, SWC (JRW, Dollyann Daily). Northern
Harrier: 29 Jul (1) CCNWR, SWR (JRW, Dollyann Daily). Sharp-shinned Hawk:
17 Jun (2 ad) near Indian Mound, White Co. (DFV), agitated pair was observed in
grove of Loblolly Pines calling as if nest was nearby. Cooper’s Hawk: 9 Jun (1 ad)
near Christiana, RUC (DFV), bird was carrying food, apparently, to feed young;
13 Jun (1 ad) Defeated Creek Campgroud, Cordell Hull Res., Smith Co. (fide DFV);
16 Jun (1 ad) near Rowland, Warren Co. (DFV), carrying food.

106

THE MIGRANT

DECEMBER

Shorebirds - Owls : Spotted Sandpiper: 4 Jun (1 ad, 1 yg) Metro Center, DVC
(DFV), 1 ad seen with 1 chick approximately 1 or 2 days old; 1 Jul (1) CCNWR,
SWC (DWB), earliest fall arrival for region. Semipalmated Sandpiper: 22 Jul (2)
CCNWR, SWC (DWB), ers. Western Sandpiper: 17 Jul (3) BWMA, SWC (DWB),
ers. Least Sandpiper: 17 Jul (3) BWMA, SWC (DWB), ers. Pectoral Sandpiper: 8 Jul
(1) CCNWR, SWC (DWB), ers. Stilt Sandpiper: 22 Jul (2) CCNWR, SWC (DWB),
ers. Wilson’s Phalarope: 23 Jul (1) CCNWR, SWC (DWB), ers. FRANKLIN’S
GULL: 24 Jul (1 im*) CCNWR, SWC (DWB, JRW). Caspian Tern: 8 Jul (1)
BWMA, SWC (DWB), ers. Black Tern: 18 Jul (2) CCNWR, SWC (DWB), ers.
Bam Owl: 1 1 Jun (2 ad, 2 or more yg) Murfreesboro, RUC (Richard Hunter, Wilma
Hunter), observers reported Bam Owls nesting in same tree cavity for more than 6 years.

Woodpecker - Finch : Red-headed Woodpecker: several observers from various
areas of the region reported this species in higher than expected numbers this
season. SCISSOR-TAILED FLYCATCHER: 1 Jun- 16 Jun (2) Seal’s Farm,
Franklin Co. (Ruth W. Luckado), these 2 birds were present through much of the
previous period and lingered into the summer, nesting was not detected. Willow
Flycatcher: 4 Jun (4) Metro Center, DVC (DFV); 22 Jun (2) CCNWR, SWC
(DWB), nest found; 23 Jul (7) CCNWR, SWC (DWB), max. Homed Lark: 23 Jun
(2 ad, 1 yg) Fairview Middle School, Wiliamson Co. (ATT), this record constitutes
one of only a few occurrences of nesting Homed Lark in the region in recent years.
Purple Martin: 29 Jul (1090) SWC (DWB), max. Carolina Chickadee: 17 Jun (1
albinistic individual in a family group of 6 birds) Indian Mound, Dekalb Co. (DFV).
Bewick’s Wren: 1 Jun-EOP (2 ad) Carothers Rd., DVC (Richard H. Conners), this
pair raised 2 broods at this location; 1 Jun- 10 Jul (2) Cypress Inn, Wayne Co. (DJS);
17 Jun (6) SWC (DWB), 6 birds observed at 5 Westvaco Timber clearcuts. Cedar
Waxwing: 17 Jun (2) McKinnan Airport, Houston Co. (DWB); 4 Jul (3) Dover,
SWC (DWB); 18 Jul (4) Montgomery Co., (2) WSB, SWC (DWB). American
Redstart: 14 Jun (2) near Goose Horn, Jackson Co. (DFV); 17 Jun (1) Cane Creek,
Houston Co. (DWB). Dickcissel: 16 Jun (1) Belvidere, Franklin Co. (GRM); 1 Jun-EOP
(10 singing males) CCNWR, SWC (DWB); 1 Jun-EOP (3 singing males) BWMA,
SWC. Lark Sparrow: 1 Jun-10 Jul (10 ad, 15 yg) Cypress Inn, Wayne Co. (DJS);
26 Jun (1) Sulfer Springs Rd., RUC (DWB). Grasshopper Sparrow: Atlassing
efforts resulted in several new locations for this species in the region; 7 Jun (1) near
Hall’s Mill, Bedford Co. (DFV); 8 Jun (1) Caters Crossroads, Bedford Co. (DFV);
16 Jun (2) Belvidere, Franklin Co. (GRM); 16 Jun (3) near Rowland, Warren Co.
(DFV). Northern Oriole: 12 Jun (1 male) New Middleton, Smith Co. (DFV). House
Finch: 24 Jun (2 ad,l yg) Dover, SWC (DWB).

Addendum : Spring 1989 - Tree Swallow: 27 May 1989 (2 ad) Linclon Lake,
Lincoln Co. (GRM), an active nest with young was observed in a dead tree standing
in Lincoln Lake.

Locations : BCWMA-Bear Creek Waterfowl Management Area; BWMA-
Barkley Wildlife Management Area; CCNWR- CrossCreeks National Wildlife
Refuge; DVC-Davidson Co.; OHL-Old Hickory Lake; RUC -Rutherford Co.;
SWC- Stewart Co.; WSB-Wiley’s Springs Bay.

DAVID F. VOGT, 7818 Old Charlotte Pike, Nashville, TN 37209.

1989

THE SEASON

107

EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY REGION — This was the wettest summer in
several years and the wettest Jun-Jul period on record in the Chattanooga area. Rain
was heaviest in the southern part of the region and declined toward the north,
especially in July. Rainfall totals and deviations from the normal for the 3 main
reporting stations are as follows: Chattanooga - June 9.2 in. (+5.9 in.) and July 9.9 in.
(+5.4 in.), Knoxville - 9 in. (“over twice the normal amount”) and 4.3 in. (“near
average”), Johnson City - 6.6 in. (+3.2 in.) and 3 in. (-1.2 in.). After several years of
drought, these heavy rains raised the water table and kept lakes filled to capacity, but
caused local flooding. As a result, ground nesting birds suffered considerable losses.
Some fared better later in the season. For example, very few early broods of Killdeer
were seen in the Johnson City area, but more than the expected number in mid-Jul
(pers. obs.). Temperatures were near normal, very different from last year’s scorcher.

Once again, atlas work produced much of the information in this report. Numerous
interesting finds are detailed below. Coverage was from slightly over half of the
counties in the region, down a little from last year; but, this is still better than most
summers. As expected, some wandering herons and the first wave of southbound
shorebirds were encountered.

Loon - Ibis : Common Loon: 4 Jun/1-31 Jul (1/1-2) CHL (Donald L. Rush, Jr./RJH).
Double-crested Cormorant: 1 Jun (5) CHL (Donald L. Rush, Jr.); 19-20 Jun (1) JNC
(FJA), first local summer record; 30 Jun (1) HRA (WKJ), “no nest records yet,
although reported regularly during recent summers” (CPN). American Bittern: 8 Jul
(1 calling) Brainerd Levee, CHA (Paul C. Harris, Jonnie Sue Lyons). Least Bittern:
5 Jul (1) Washington Ferry, CHL, RHC portion (WKJ); 10 Jul (1) southern Morgan
Co. (CPN). Great Blue Heron: no report on status of nesting colonies. Great Egret:
10 Jun (1) Tellico Lake, Monroe Co. (JAK); 17 Jun (1) CHA (RCS); 12 Jul-EOP
(1) SAB (KHD, LHD). Little Blue Heron: 8/13 Jul (2) CHA (Paul C. Harris, Jonnie
Sue Lyons/William C. Olson), only report. Black-crowned Night-Heron: 6 Jun
(6-8) Boone Dam, SLC/WGC (FJA); 21 Jun (3) KPT (FJA); only reports. Yellow-
crowned Night-Heron: 16 May (1 nest with yg) Lesser Alcoa Marsh, Blount Co.
(CPN, ARH, RDH); 5 Jun (1 ad) Big Limestone Creek, WGC (RLK); “it appears
no yg fledged from the Brainerd Levee, CHA, colony this year, suspected reason
was constant harassment by crows” (Judy Boyles). White Ibis: 14/23 Jun (8 im/1 1 im)
SAB (KHD, LHD).

Goose - Rail : Canada Goose: several nests flooded in JNC area (RLK).
HOODED MERGANSER: 13 Jun (3 im) AUS (RLK), may represent first local
breeding; 28 Jun/22 Jul (1 male) KSP (Terry J. Witt/ KHD, LHD, RJH et al.).
Osprey: lower numbers on Watts Bar Lake, MEC, RHC, RNC, this year (13 nests
with yg, 18 in 1988), reason for decrease unknown; nest with yg at new location
on Melton Hill Lake, ANC; unsuccessful nest again at HRA; success of nest near
Clinton, ANC, unknown (fide Ed Beddow, Bruce Anderson). Bald Eagle: 22 Jul
(1 im) Watts Bar Lake, RNC portion (WKJ). Sharp-shinned Hawk: single reports
from CIC and MEC (RDH, CPN). Cooper’s Hawk: reported from at least 5
locations in HKC and CIC (RDH, George W. McKinney), 2 locations in GNC
(RLK), and 1 location in SLC (BLC); 23 Jun (nest with 4 yg) Panther Creek S.P.,
HBC (Howard Chitwood). Peregrine Falcon: 1 1 Jul (1 im) downtown CHA (Ralph
T. Brown). King Rail: 11 Jun (1) Blythe Ferry Goose Area, HRA, MEC portion
(Johnny Parks, C. Del Blum), heavy rains 10 days later flooded area.

108

THE MIGRANT

DECEMBER

Plover - Woodpecker. Semipalmated Plover: 22 Jul (1) KSP (RCS, RJH et al.),
ers. Lesser Yellowlegs: 4 Jul (1) LST (RLK), ers. Solitary Sandpiper: 17 Jul (1)
LST (BLC), ers. Willet: 28-29 Jun (1) LST (BLC). Semipalmated Sandpiper: 16 Jul
(4) KSP (KHD, LHD), ers. Western Sandpiper: 22 Jul (1) KSP (RCS, RJH et al.),
ers. Least Sandpiper: 22 Jul (5) KSP (RCS, RJH et al.), ers. Pectoral Sandpiper: 22 Jul
(1) KSP (RCS, RJH et al.), ers. American Woodcock: 13 Jun (2) KPT (FJA).
Caspian Tem: 16 Jul (9) KSP (KHD, LHD). Black Tern: 20 Jul (3) LST (RLK).
Black-billed Cuckoo: 13 Jun (1) SLC (BLC); 19 Jun (1) near Glenmary, SOC
(CPN), rather rare in summer. Bam Owl: 20 Jun (3 yg in nest tree) Birch wood,
HLC (KHD, LHD); 2 active nest sites in JNC, 1 nest fledged at least 4 yg (LHTOS);
6 Jul (1 im) Boone Lake, SLC portion (fide Ken Ripley). Red-headed Woodpecker:
22 June (pair) McDonald, Bradley Co. (LHD, Gertrude Fleming); 10-12 regular at
Hixson and Chester Frost Park, HLC (RJH); pair with 2 yg at LST (BLC).

Flycatcher - Shrike : Willow Flycatcher: 1 1 Jun (2-3) HRA (Johnny T. Parks, C.
Del Blum), present at this site for at least 5 years, breeding not yet confirmed; 24 Jun
(1) near Bailey ton, GNC (RLK); 1 new location near Harrogate, CIC (ARH, RDH);
also reported from several usual sites. Least Flycatcher: 3 Jun (1) near Norma, SOC
(CPN) “has been found several times in general area during last few years, but no
nesting evidence yet” (CPN). Homed Lark: 3 Jun (1) Roaring Creek, RHC (KHD);
8 Jun (1) Chucky Bend, COC (RLK); 29 Jun (1) strip mine near Winona, SOC
(CPN); uncommon over most of east Tennessee. Tree Swallow: pair nested at AUS
(FJA, RLK), 2nd nesting there; 5 Jun (1) Nolichucky River, WGC (RLK); 6 Jun
(1) Tri-cities Airport, SLC (FJA); 13 Jun (pair) KPT (FJA); Jun sighting at Panther
Creek S.P., HBC (Howard Chitwood); continues to expand in region. Cliff Swallow:
new colony along Clinch River below Norris Dam, ANC, and previously unreported
colony on Hwy. 61 bridge at Clinton, ANC (CPN); increased numbers at some
other established colonies. Eastern Bluebird: good nesting season, with many
broods in northeastern portion of region (fide RLK). Cedar Wax wing: “present in
good numbers early in season, but much less nesting evidence reported than in
1988” (CPN); nested in CIC and again at Norris, ANC (RDH, CPN). Loggerhead
Shrike: good season for this usually scarce species, with breeding evidence from
Bradley, CIC, HBC, HKC, HLC, Loudon, MEC, and Monroe Cos., plus Jun
sightings in COC, GNC, Hawkins, SLC, and WGC (m. ob.).

Vireo - Finch : Warbling Vireo: 5 Jun (1) Nolichucky River, WGC (RLK); 22 Jun
(1) eastern GNC (RLK); 25 Jun (ad with yg) HKC (ARH, RDH), rare in region.
Blue-winged Warbler: 2 singing males (1 with mate) Fiery Gizzard Cove, Marion
Co. (J.N. Howard, Ella C. Howard), few summer records in region. Prothonotary
Warbler: 2 pairs at AUS (RLK); 13 Jun (1) KPT (FJA); 12 Jun (1) western GNC
(RLK), rare in northeastern portion of the region. Swainson’s Warbler: 27 Apr-6 Jun
(1 singing daily) Fiery Gizzard Cove, Marion Co. (J.N. Howard, Ella C. Howard),
1 present in 1988 also, rare in region. Dickcissel: 1 1 Jun (1) Newport, COC (ARH,
RDH); 16/25 Jun (3/2) Daus, Sequatchie Co. (Robert L. Pierce); 17 Jun (2) Spring
Branch, McMinn Co. (Robert L. Pierce, KHD, LHD); 7 Jul (4) Wetmore, Polk Co.
(CPN). Northern Oriole: 3 Jun (nest) Newport, COC (ARH, RDH); 8 Jun (1) HKC
(ARH, RDH); 22 Jun (1) Chuckey, GNC (RLK); 24 Jun (1) Baileyton, GNC (RLK).
House Finch: “continues to increase and expand; record high numbers on some

1989

THE SEASON

109

BBS routes this year; has not yet saturated the area; more study of local movement
patterns would be valuable” (CPN).

Locations : ANC - Anderson Co.; AUS - Austin Springs, Washington Co.; CHA

- Chattanooga; CHL - Chickamauga Lake, Hamilton Co. portion; CIC - Claiborne
Co.; COC - Cocke Co.; GNC - Greene Co.; HBC - Hamblen Co.; HKC - Hancock
Co.; HLC - Hamilton Co.; HRA - Hiawasee River Area, primarily Meigs Co., but
also Bradley, McMinn, and Rhea Cos.; JNC - Johnson City; KPT - Kingsport;
KSP - Kingston Steam Plant, Roane Co.; LST - Limestone, Washington Co.; MEC

- Meigs Co.; RHC - Rhea Co.; RNC - Roane Co.; SAB - Savannah Bay, Hamilton
Co.; SLC - Sullivan Co.; SOC - Scott Co.; WGC - Washington Co.

RICHARD L. KNIGHT, 804 North Hills Dr., Johnson City, TN 37604.

EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION — Precipitation was above normal in June
(+6.65 in.), and about average in July. Temperatures were about average, with highs
usually in the 80’s, and rarely exceeding 90° F. Some good records were turned in
this period, largely the result of breeding bird atlas work.

Loon - Swallow. Common Loon: 21-29 Jun (1, winter plumage) WIL (RLK).
Great Blue Heron: new colony of about 50 nests reported at Chota Wildlife Refuge,
Tellico Lake, Monroe Co. (fide WKJ), first nest record for lake and county.
Ring-necked Duck: 18 Jun (1 male) WTR (RLK). Hooded Merganser: 18 Jun (1
female) WTR (RLK). Bald Eagle: 29 Jul (1 ad) TEL (ARH, RDH, CPN). Sharp-
shinned Hawk: 4 Jun (1) LBL (DBM), carrying food, apparently for young; 7 Jul
(1) Ducktown, Polk Co. (CPN), carrying food. Solitary Sandpiper: 4 Jun (1) TEL
(JAK). YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKER: 14-15/29-30 Jun (5+) Whigg
Meadow, Cherokee National Forest, Monroe Co. (CPN), first breeding season
reports in state in several years. Olive-sided Flycatcher: 2 Jun (1) MTC (DBM),
late migrant. Willow Flycatcher: 2-3 Jun (19-20 singing males) MTC (DBM), all
in one atlas block. Alder Flycatcher: 18 May-9 Jul (6-8 singing males) RNM
(Brenda Hull, fide FJA); 3 Jun (1 singing male) MTC at 2800 ft (DBM). Least
Flycatcher: 4 Jun (1) LBL at 2800 ft (DBM). Tree Swallow: 13/21 Jun (pair) WTR
(RLK), seen entering tree cavity; pair at Butler, Johnson Co. motel sign nest site
(used in 1988) (James W. Brooks). Cliff Swallows: colonies at 2 bridges (20+ and
6+) active thru period, SHL (RPL).

Raven - Vireo : Common Raven: 17 Jun (2) UMT (RLK, BLC). Red-breasted
Nuthatch: 1-4 birds present on UMT and RNM (RLK). Brown Creeper: 3-4 Jun
(1) LBL, 1031 m (DBM); 1 Jul (2) Ripshin Mt., Carter Co. (RLK), 1031 m and
1334 m. Winter Wren: birds seen at LBL, UMT, Ripshin Mt., RNM (RLK).
Golden-crowned Kinglet: present on RNM and UMT (RLK). Cedar Wax wing: 1
Jun (pair building nest) Hartford, Cocke Co. (RDH, ARH); 2-3 Jun (nest with yg)
MTC (DBM). Warbling Vireo: 3-4 along WTR (LHTOS); 3 near SHL (RPL).

Warbler - Finch : Blue- winged Warbler: 28 Jun (1 male) near Sam’s Gap, Unicoi
Co. (BLC). MAGNOLIA WARBLER: 8/17 Jun (1 singing male) UMT (FJA/RLK,
BLC). BLACKBURNIAN WARBLER: 3 Jun (1) LBL (DBM). American
Redstart: 2 Jun (1) MTC (DBM); 9 Jun (1) WTR (BLC). Swainson’s Warbler: 2
singing males thru June, Hoss Cove, Washington Co. (RPL). Vesper Sparrow: 4-5 Jun
(3 singing birds plus pair with 1 yg) LBL (DBM); mid-Jun (1) Roger’s Ridge,

110

THE MIGRANT

DECEMBER

Johnson Co. (Edward H. Schell). Grasshopper Sparrow: 4 Jun (17 singing males
in one atlas block) LBL (DBM). Northern Oriole: 2 Jun (nest) MTC (DBM); 1 1 Jun
(pair) Walland, Blount Co. (JAK); 21 Jun (pair with 2 yg) Hampton, Carter Co.
(RLK). House Finch: 3 Jun (recently fledged yg) MTC (DBM).

ADDENDA. Spring 1989 - Common Loon: 3/5 May (1) Parksville Lake, Polk
Co. (JCW). Double-cresed Cormorant: 5 May (4) Parksville Lake, Polk Co. (JCW).
Great Egret: 13 April (1) Hiawassee River, Polk Co. (JCW). Olive-sided
Flycatcher: 31 May (1) 515 m near Hartford, Cocke Co. (RDH, ARH), probable
migrant.

Locations : LBL - Laurel Bloomery, Johnson Co.; MTC - Mountain City,
Johnson Co.; RNM - Roan Mountain, Carter Co.; SHL - South Holston Lake area,
Sullivan Co.; TEL - Tellico Lake, Monroe Co.; UMT - Unaka Moutain, Unicoi
Co.; WIL - Wilbur Lake, Carter Co.; WTR - Watauga River, Carter Co.

RICHARD P. LEWIS, 407 V. I. Ranch Rd., Bristol, TN 37620

OBSERVERS

FJA — Fred J. Alsop
DWB — Donald W. Blunk
CHB — Carolyn H. Bullock
BBC — Ben B. Coffey, Jr.
LCC — Lula C. Coffey
WGC — William G. Criswell
BLC — Brian L. Cross
KHD — Kenneth H. Dubke
LHD — Lillian H. Dubke
RPF — Robert P. Ford
JBG — Joe B. Guinn
RJH — R. John Henderson

RPL — Richard P. Lewis
MLM — Margaret L. Mann
GRM — George R. Mayfield, Jr.
DBM — Douglas B. McNair
RYN — Richard Y. Newton
CPN — Charles P. Nicholson
VBR — Virgina B. Reynolds
DJS — Damien J. Simbeck
RCS — Randy C. Stringer
ATT — Ann T. Tarbell
DFV — David F. Vogt
MGW — Martha G. Waldron
JEW — James E. Waldron
JCW — J. Craig Watson
JRW — JeffR. Wilson
TJW — Terry J. Witt

ARH — Audrey R. Hoff
RDH — Ron D. Hoff

WKJ — Wesley K. James
RLK — Richard L. Knight
JAK — J. Anthony Koell

LHTO — Lee R. Herndon Chapter TOS

The Migrant, 60(4): 111, 1989

SPECIES INDEX TO VOLUME 60, 1989
T. David pitts

Accipiter species 14, 15, 58, 95
Anhinga 25, 41, 42
Avocet, American 33, 84, 85, 96
Barn-owl, Common: see Owl, Bam
Bittern, American 3 1 , 46, 48, 82, 84, 88,
107

Least 82, 84, 88, 105, 107
Blackbird, Brewer’s 18, 23, 61, 63
Red-winged 18, 19,23,39,45,51,69
Rusty 18, 19, 23,51,83, 90, 92
Species 18, 19

Bluebird, Eastern 12, 16, 17, 23, 49,
100, 108

Bobolink 27, 30, 34, 51, 83, 87, 90
Bobwhite, Northern 14, 15, 23, 39, 48
Brant 32

Bufflehead 14, 15, 23, 26, 32, 35, 60, 66,
84, 89,91

Bunting, Indigo 13, 16, 17, 30, 34, 45,
50,61,87
Painted 50

Buteo species 14, 15, 95
Canvasback 14, 15, 23, 25, 28, 32, 60,
62, 64, 84

Cardinal, Northern 16, 17, 23, 45, 50
Catbird, Gray 30, 34, 49, 86
Chat, Yellow-breasted 50, 87
Chickadee, Black-capped 29, 57
Carolina 16, 17, 22, 23, 44, 49, 106
Chuck-will’s-widow 49, 85, 91, 104
Coot, American 14, 15, 23, 32, 40, 41,
43, 48, 64, 85

Cormorant, Double-crested 14, 15, 23,
25, 28, 31, 35, 40, 41, 42, 48, 60, 61,
64, 82, 84, 88, 103, 107, 110
Cowbird, Brown-headed 18, 19, 23, 45, 51
Crane, Sandhill 7, 12, 14, 15, 18, 20, 29,
32, 55, 60, 61, 62, 64, 81, 83, 85, 89
Whooping 55

Creeper, Brown 16, 17, 23, 27, 30, 35,
39, 40, 44, 83, 86, 109

Crossbill, Red 18, 19, 36, 66, 87
White-winged 6

Crow, American 16, 17, 23, 33, 38, 39,
44, 49, 58, 62
Fish 41, 44, 49

Cuckoo, Black-billed 33, 49, 85, 90, 108
Yellow-billed 29, 43, 49, 72, 73, 74, 85
Dickcissel 39, 50, 69, 87, 90, 106, 108
Dove, Mourning 16, 17, 23, 43, 49, 64
Rock 16, 17, 23, 48

Dowitcher, Long-billed 29, 46, 47, 103
Short-billed 29, 33, 46, 85, 89
Species 48, 81, 89

Duck, American Black 14, 15, 23, 28,
32, 35,48,64, 66, 84,91
Ring-necked 14, 15, 23, 28, 32, 35,
48, 60, 62, 64, 66, 84, 91, 105, 109
Ruddy 14, 15, 23, 26, 32, 48, 60, 64,
66, 85,89,91
Species 14

Wood 14, 15, 23, 28, 39, 42, 48, 93, 105
Dunlin 16, 17, 26, 29, 33, 64, 83, 85, 89
Eagle, Bald 14, 15, 23, 26, 28, 32, 35,
40, 42, 48, 59, 60, 62, 66, 81, 82, 85,
95, 100, 105, 107, 109
Golden 14, 15, 28, 59, 60, 85
Egret, Cattle 13, 14, 15, 25, 28, 32, 41,
42, 48, 60, 88

Great 13, 14, 15, 21, 25, 28, 31, 32,
35, 41, 42, 48, 60, 64, 82, 84, 88,
91, 103, 105, 107, 110
Snowy 25, 28, 48, 84, 91, 103, 105
Falcon, Peregrine 13, 14, 15, 21, 26, 29,
32, 35, 60, 64, 95, 107
Finch, House 18, 19, 28, 51, 63, 81, 83,
102, 104, 106, 108, 109, 110
Purple 18, 19, 23, 27, 34, 36, 51, 61,
63,65,66, 87,90,91,92
Ricker, Northern 16, 17, 23, 29, 30, 44,
49

"Red-shafted" 27, 29, 30

111

112

THE MIGRANT

DECEMBER

Flycatcher, Acadian 30, 44, 49, 86
Alder 83, 109
Great Crested 44, 49, 86
Least 33, 46, 49, 83, 86, 108, 109
Olive-sided 26, 47, 49, 83, 91, 109, 1 10
Scissor-tailed 8 1, 84, 86, 88, 90, 105, 106
"Trail’s" 33
Vermilion 4

Willow 83, 86, 90, 106, 108, 109
Yellow-bellied 33

Frigatebirdm Magnificient 24, 27, 28, 31
Gadwall 14, 15, 23, 24, 28, 32, 42, 48,
60, 64, 66, 84, 105

Gnatcatcher, Blue-gray 30, 44, 49, 86
Goldeneye, Common 14, 15, 23, 26, 32,
60, 66, 84

Golden-Plover, Lesser 26, 29, 32, 64, 85
Goldfinch, American 18, 19, 23, 45, 5 1, 63
Goose, Canada 14, 15, 23, 32, 48, 64,
66, 88, 103, 107

Greater White-fronted 14, 15,23,24,
28, 60,61,62, 84
Ross’ 58, 62

Snow 14, 15, 23, 28, 32, 48, 60, 62,
64, 84, 88

Goshawk, Northern 24, 32, 35, 60
Grackle, Common 18, 19, 23, 38, 39,
45,51

Grebe, Eared 81, 82

Homed 14, 15, 25, 28, 31, 60, 64, 66,
82, 88

Pied-billed 14, 15, 23, 25, 31, 35, 41,
42, 48, 60, 64, 84, 103, 105
Grosbeak, Blue 35, 50

Evening 13, 18, 19, 27, 34, 36, 51,
61,63, 65,66, 90,91
Rose-breasted 30, 50, 87
Ground-Dove, Common 27, 29
Grouse, Ruffed 14, 15, 27, 29, 48, 62
Gull, Bonaparte’s 16, 17, 23, 33, 60, 65,
66, 85, 89

Franklin’s 26, 60, 83, 102, 106

Glaucous 58, 61, 62

Great Black-backed 58, 60, 65

Herring 16, 17, 23, 33, 40, 43, 60, 83, 89
Laughing 26, 33, 46, 48, 83
Ring-billed 16, 17, 23, 29, 33, 40, 43,
48, 60, 65, 83, 85, 96
Harrier, Northern 14, 15, 23, 28, 32, 35,
40,41,42, 48, 85,95, 105
Hawk, Broad- winged 35, 39, 42, 48, 91,
94, 95

Cooper’s 14, 15, 23, 26, 32, 35, 48,
60, 89, 95, 103, 105, 107
Red-shouldered 14, 15, 23, 35, 41,
42, 48,66, 89,91,95
Red-tailed 14, 15, 23, 43, 48, 95
Rough-legged 14, 15, 20, 26, 28, 32,
58, 60,61,62, 85

Sharp-shinned 14, 15, 23, 26, 32, 35,
48, 60, 74, 75, 85, 89, 95, 105,
107, 109

Heron, Great Blue 14, 15, 23, 25, 38, 39,
41, 42, 48, 60, 64, 81, 82, 102, 103,
105, 107, 109

Green-backed 28, 32, 42, 48, 84
Little Blue 25, 28, 32, 41, 42, 48, 84,
103, 105, 107
Tricolored 25

Hummingbird, Ruby-throated 29, 35,
43, 49, 86

Rufous 13, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 90
Hybrid: Mallard X Gadwall 19
Ibis, Glossy 27, 28, 88
White 25, 28, 105, 107
Jaeger, species 26
Jay, Blue 16, 17,23,44, 49, 62
Junco, Dark-eyed 18, 19, 23, 27, 51, 87
Kestrel, American 14, 15, 23, 48, 60, 95
Killdeer 14, 15, 23, 26, 43, 48, 51, 56,
85, 102, 107

Kingbird, Eastern 33, 44, 49, 86
Western 26, 27

Kingfisher, Belted 16, 17, 23, 43, 49
Kinglet, Golden-crowned 16, 17, 23,
30, 49, 66, 86, 109
Ruby-crowned 16, 17, 23, 30, 33, 49,
84, 86, 90

1989

SPECIES INDEX

113

Kite, American Swallow-tailed 7
Black-shouldered 7
Mississippi 7, 26, 40, 41, 42, 48, 82
Kittiwake, Black-legged 24, 26, 33, 65
Lark, Homed 16, 17, 23, 49, 60, 62, 106,
108

Longspur, Lapland 18, 27, 61, 63
Smith’s 13, 18,61,81,83
Loon, Common 14, 15, 25, 31, 35, 48,
60, 64, 66, 84, 88, 91, 107, 109, 1 10
Red-throated 28, 31, 61
Mallard 14, 15, 23, 32, 42, 48, 64
Martin, Purple 27, 35, 38, 39, 44, 49, 65,
86,91, 104, 106

Meadowlark, Eastern 18, 19, 23, 51, 69
Western 27, 61, 83

Merganser, Common 14, 15, 21, 23, 26,
60, 64, 89, 93

Hooded 14, 15, 23, 26, 32, 35, 48, 62,
64, 66, 85,91,93, 103, 107, 109
Red-breasted 14, 15, 23, 26, 32, 48, 60,
82, 85, 89,91

Merlin 13, 14, 18, 20, 26, 29, 34, 35, 60,
61,62

Mockingbird, Northern 16, 17, 23, 50
Moorhen, Common 31, 32, 89, 103
Nighthawk, Common 33, 35, 49, 85
Night-Heron, Black-crowned 14, 15,
25, 32, 39, 41, 42, 48, 82, 88, 102,
105, 107

Yellow-crowned 41, 42, 48, 82, 84,
91, 102, 105, 107

Nuthatch, Brown-headed 16, 17, 49, 57, 90
Red-breasted 16, 17, 23, 27, 30, 31,
33, 35, 39, 44, 49, 61, 62, 65, 66,
86, 90,91, 109

White-breasted 16, 17, 23, 44, 49
Oldsquaw 25, 28

Oriole, Northern 13, 18, 19, 21, 30, 36,
51,65, 87,92, 106, 108, 110
Orchard 27,51,87

Osprey 13, 14, 15, 26, 32, 35, 38, 42, 48,
82, 85, 89, 95, 103, 105, 107
Ovenbird 34, 50, 87

Owl, Bam 11,16, 33, 46, 47, 49, 62, 65,
90,91, 106, 108
Barred 16, 17, 23, 35, 43, 49
Great Homed 16, 17, 23, 43, 49, 72
Long-eared 81, 91
Northern Saw-whet 5, 6, 81, 83
Short-eared 13, 16, 23, 24, 26, 29, 58,
60,61,62, 65,93

Parula, Northern 30, 45, 50, 81, 84, 86, 91
Pelican, American White 25, 82
Brown 57

Phalarope, Wilson’s 29, 83, 106
Phoebe, Eastern 4, 16, 17, 23, 49
Pintail, Northern 14, 15, 23, 28, 32, 64,
66, 84

Pipit, Water 16, 17, 23, 27, 30, 34, 35,
50, 63,81,83, 86
Plover, Black-bellied 26, 29, 83
Piping 26, 32, 33

Semipalmated 26, 29, 48, 85, 89, 108
Wilson’s 56
Rail, Clapper 57

King 39, 40, 43, 103, 107
Virginia 14, 15, 32, 48, 57, 83, 89
Raven, Common 16, 17, 33, 35, 49, 90,
91, 109

Redhead 14, 15, 23, 25, 28, 32, 60, 62,
64, 66, 84, 89, 105

Redstart, American 45, 50, 87, 92, 106, 109
Robin, American 16, 17, 23, 33, 49, 58,
61,62, 65,66
Ruff 26, 51, 81, 88, 89
Sanderling 26, 29, 33, 35
Sandpiper, Baird’s 26, 29, 33, 35, 85
Buff-breasted 26, 29, 33
Least 16, 17, 26, 29, 33, 35, 48, 51,
62, 64, 85, 89, 106, 108
Pectoral 26, 29, 33, 48, 5 1 , 56, 85, 89,
103, 106, 108

Semipalmated 26, 29, 33, 35, 48, 85,
89, 106, 108

Solitary 26, 29, 48, 56, 85, 89, 103,
108, 109

Spotted 23, 33, 48, 60, 85, 106

114

THE MIGRANT

DECEMBER

Stilt 26, 29, 48, 85, 89, 103, 106
Upland 29, 85

Western 26, 29, 33, 35, 85, 89, 103,
106, 108

White-rumped 29, 83, 85, 89
Sapsucker, Yellow-bellied 16, 17, 23,
29, 49, 86, 102, 109
Scaup, Greater 14, 15, 20, 25, 32, 35, 64, 91
Lesser 14, 15, 23, 32, 60, 64, 66, 84, 91
Scoter, Black 6, 25
Surf 25, 26, 28, 89
White-winged 64, 81, 89
Screech-Owl, Eastern 16, 17, 23, 49
Selasphorus species 13, 16, 17, 21, 58,

63, 64, 65, 88, 90

Shoveler, Northern 14, 15, 23, 28, 62,

64, 84

Shrike, Loggerhead 16, 17, 23, 35, 50,

65, 66, 90, 104, 108

Siskin, Pine 13, 18, 19, 23, 27, 30, 34,
36,51,61,63, 65,66, 87,90,91
Snipe, Common 16, 17, 23. 29, 33, 48,
65, 66, 85

Sora 14, 26, 29, 48, 82, 85
Sparrow, American Tree 13, 16, 17, 18,
21,58,61

Bachman’s 1, 2, 3, 87, 104
Chipping 18, 19, 36, 50, 63, 87
Field 18, 19, 23,50, 58,61
Fox 18, 19, 23,51,66, 87
Grasshopper 27, 30, 34, 51, 69, 83,
87,90, 102, 104, 105, 106, 110
Harris’ 27

House 18, 19, 23, 45, 51
Lark 5 1,84, 87, 106
Le Conte’s 18, 19, 21, 24, 27, 61, 83,
88,90

Lincoln’s 13, 18, 19, 21, 27, 30, 34,

51.61.65.83.87, 90
Savannah 18, 19, 23, 34, 51, 69, 70,

71.87, 90

Sharp-tailed 24, 27, 34

Song 18, 19, 23,51

Swamp 18, 19, 23, 34, 51, 66, 87, 90

Vesper 18, 19, 30, 34, 51, 61, 65, 87,
90, 109

White-crowned 18, 19, 23, 27, 34,
51,66, 87,90

White-throated 18, 19,23,34,51,58,
84, 87, 92

Spoonbill, Roseate 102, 105
Starling, European 7, 16, 17, 23, 44, 50
Stilt, Black-necked 83
Stork, Wood 24, 25, 27, 28
Swallow, Bank 33, 49, 86, 88, 90, 103, 104
Bam 44, 49, 86,91, 104
Cliff 33, 49, 86, 90, 91, 108, 109
Northern Rough-winged 30, 35, 39,
44, 49, 86

Tree 27, 33, 39, 44, 49, 83, 86, 104,
106, 108, 109
Swan, Mute 64

Tundra 13, 14, 15, 21, 32, 35, 61, 64
Swift, Chimney 43, 49, 86, 88, 90
Tanager, Scarlet 50, 87, 104
Summer 45, 50, 87, 90
Teal, Blue-winged 14, 15, 23, 28, 32,
42, 48, 84, 89, 103
Green-winged 14, 15, 23, 25, 32, 39,
42, 48,64, 66, 84,91
Tem, Black 26, 29, 33, 43, 90, 106, 108
Caspian 26, 29, 33, 35, 43, 85, 89,
106, 108

Common 24, 26, 33, 40, 43, 85, 90
Forster’s 13, 16, 17, 21, 24, 26, 29,
33,43,48,83, 85,88, 90,91
Least 7, 29, 40, 43, 102, 103
Thrasher, Brown 16, 17, 23, 50, 65
Thrush, Gray-cheeked 33, 35, 49, 73
Hermit 16, 17, 23, 33, 35, 49, 66, 86
Swainson’s 30, 33, 35, 49, 86, 90
Wood 49, 86,91

Titmouse, Tufted 16, 17, 23, 44, 49
Rufous-sided 16, 17, 23, 50, 83
Turkey, Wild 14, 15, 23, 43, 48, 85
Turnstone, Ruddy 29, 83
Veery 30,31,33, 35,49, 86
Vireo, Philadelphia 30, 34, 35, 50, 86

1989

SPECIES INDEX

115

Red-eyed 34, 44, 50, 73, 86
Solitary 27, 30, 35, 50, 86,91
Warbling 50, 86, 90, 91, 108, 109
White-eyed 34, 44, 50, 61, 86, 91
Yellow-throated 44, 50, 86, 91
Vulture, Black 14, 15, 23, 28, 32, 35, 48,
60, 62, 64, 105

Turkey 14, 15, 32, 35, 48, 60, 95, 105
Warbler, Bay-breasted 50, 87

Black-and-white 45, 50, 87, 92, 104
Blackburnian 30, 50, 87, 91, 109
Blackpoll 50, 87
Black-throated Blue 27, 30, 50
Black-throated Green 30, 35, 45, 50,
87,91

Blue-winged 30, 35, 50, 86, 108, 109
Canada 34, 35, 50, 87, 92
Cape May 50, 86, 91
Cerulean 12, 34, 45, 50, 83, 87, 92, 104
Chestnut-sided 30, 50, 86
Connecticut 27, 46, 47, 50, 84, 87
Golden-winged 30, 35, 50, 83, 86, 91
Hooded 50, 87
Kentucky 50, 87, 92
Magnolia 30, 34, 50, 86, 91, 109
Mourning 30, 34, 50, 83, 84, 87, 90
Nashville 30, 50, 86
Orange-crowned 13, 16, 17, 21, 27,
30, 34, 35, 50, 65, 86, 90
Palm 27, 34, 35, 50, 73, 87
Pine 16, 17, 50, 63,91, 104
Prairie 50, 57, 87
Prothonotary 45, 50, 87, 100, 108
Swainson’s41,45,46,47,50, 83, 84,
87, 104, 108, 109
Tennessee 30, 50, 86

Wilson’s 30, 34, 50, 87, 90
Worm-eating 50, 87, 104
Yellow 34, 50, 86

Yellow-rumped 16, 17, 23, 27, 28,
30, 34, 50, 65, 73, 74, 86
Yellow-throated 27, 45, 50, 87, 91
Waterthrush, Louisiana 45, 50, 87, 92
Northern 34, 50, 87

Waxwing, Cedar 12, 16, 17, 23, 30, 34,
35, 50, 61, 63, 65, 66, 83, 86, 90, 106,
108, 109

Whip-poor-will 49, 86, 91, 104
Wigeon, American 14, 15, 23, 32, 35,
42, 60, 64, 66, 84, 89,91, 105
Willet 29, 83, 89, 108
Woodcock, American 16, 17,33,43,48,
60, 66, 89, 108

Woodpecker, Downy 16, 17, 23, 43, 49
Hairy 16, 17, 23, 43, 49
Red-bellied 16, 17, 23, 38, 43, 49
Red-cockaded 46, 49, 99
Red-headed 16, 17, 23, 33, 35, 41,
43, 49, 66, 105, 106, 108
Pileated 16, 17, 23, 44, 49
Wood-Pewee, Eastern 44, 49, 86
Wren, Bewick’s 1, 2, 3, 30, 46, 49, 83,
86, 104, 106

Carolina 16, 17, 23, 39, 44, 49
House 13, 16, 18, 23, 27, 33, 49, 62,
65, 83, 86

Marsh 33, 49, 86, 90
Sedge 30, 49,61
Winter 16, 17, 23, 30, 86, 109
Yellowlegs, Greater 29, 33, 48, 85, 89
Lesser 26, 29, 48, 56, 85, 89, 103, 108
Yellowthroat, Common 34, 45, 50, 65, 87

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

The Migrant records observations and studies of birds in Tennessee and adjacent
areas. Most articles are written by members of the Tennessee Ornithological
Society.

SUBMISSIONS: The original and, if feasible, two copies of the manuscript
should be sent to the Editor: T. David Pitts, Biology Department, University of
Tennessee at Martin, Martin, TN 38238. Manuscripts that have been published in
other journals should not be submitted.

MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee
ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, and scientifically accurate.

STYLE: Both articles and short notes are solicited; recent issues of The Migrant
should be used as a guide in the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is
needed, reference should be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals; this
book is available at many public libraries and from the American Institute of
Biological Sciences, 1401 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209.

COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8.5 x 11” paper with
adequate margins for editorial notations. Tables should be prepared on separate
sheets with appropriate title and column headings. Photographs intended for
reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on glossy white paper; black and
white photographs will usually reproduce better than color photographs. Weights,
measurements, and distances should be in metric units. Dates should be in “con-
tinental” form (e.g., 16 March 1968). Use the 24-hour clock (e.g., 0500 or 1900).

NOMENCLATURE: The common and scientific names of a species should be
given the first time it is mentioned. The scientific name should be underlined.
Names should follow the A.O.U. Check-list of North American Birds (1983 edition
or subsequent supplements).

TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive.

ABSTRACT: Manuscripts of five or more typed pages should include an
abstract. The abstract should be less than 5% of the length of the manuscript. It
should include a brief explanation of why the research was done, the major results,
and why the results are important.

LITERATURE CITED: List all literature citations in a Literature Cited section
at the end of the text. Text citations should include the author and year.

IDENTIFICATION: Manuscripts including reports of rare or unusual species or
of species at atypical times will be reviewed by the TOS Certification Committee
before publication in The Migrant. Verifying evidence should include: date, time,
light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment, distance,
behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic markings,
experience of observer, other observers verifying the identification, and reference
works consulted.

REPRINTS: Reprints are available to authors on request. Billing to authors will
be through the TOS Treasurer.

SEASON REPORTS: Observations that are to be considered for publication in
The Season section should be mailed to the appropriate Regional Compiler. Consult
a recent issue of The Migrant for the name and address of the compilers.

CONTENTS

ANOTHER 19TH CENTURY COMMON MERGANSER EGG SET

COLLECTED IN TENNESSEE

Richard L. Knight 93

AUTUMN HAWK COUNTS — 1988

Audrey R. Hoff and T. David Pitts 94

EDITOR’S NOTE

T. David Pitts 96

AMERICAN AVOCETS IN FRANKLIN COUNTY, TENNESSEE

Don Davidson 96

MINUTES OF THE FALL 1989 TOS BOARD OF DIRECTORS

MEETING AND SYMPOSIUM

97

IN MEMORLAM: ADELE H. WEST

Kenneth H. Dubke . 100

THE SEASON — SUMMER: 1 JUNE — 31 JULY 1989

Robert P. Ford 102

Western Coastal Plain Region. Martha G . Waldron 103

Highland Rim and Basin Region. David F Vogt 105

Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. Richard L. Knight 107

Eastern Mountain Region. Richard P. Lewis 109

Observers 110

SPECIES INDEX TO VOLUME 60, 1989

T. David Pitts Ill

T. David Pitts Ill

[VOL. 60, 1989]

ACTUAL MAILING DATE: 15 OCT. 1990

A QUARTERLY JOURNAL
DEVOTEDvTO TEN N ESSEK BIRDS

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THETENNESSEE
ORNITHOLOGICAL
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[ARCH 1990

'OL. 61, NO. 1

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Birds

' ISSN 0026-3575

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THE MIGRANT

A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY

FIRST ISSUE PUBLISHED IN JUNE 1930

Published by

THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Founded at Nashville, Tennessee on 7 October 1915
The T.O.S. is a non-profit, educational, scientific,
and conservation organization.

EDITORIAL STAFF

Editor — T. David Pitts, Biology Dept. UTM, Martin, TN 38238
State Count Compiler — Susan McWhirter, 4962 Gwynne, Memphis, TN

38117

Season Editor — Robert P. Ford, Tennessee Dept, of Conservation,
460 Ozier Road, Pinson, TN 38366

OFFICERS FOR 1989-1991

President — Barbara Finney, P.O. Box 11667, Knoxville, TN 37919
Vice Presidents:

East Term. — J.B. Owen, 2324 Antietam Road, Knoxville, TN 37917
Middle Tenn. — - Portia MacMillan, 3201 Overlook Drive, Nashville,
TN 37212

West Tenn. — Virginia Reynolds, 4241 Waymar Dr., Memphis, TN 38 1 17
Directors-at-Large:

East Tenn. — Dee Eiklor, Rt. 1 1, Box 178, Gray, TN 37615
Middle Tenn. — David Snyder, Biology Department, Austin Peay
State University, Clarksville, TN 37044
West Tenn. — John R. Conder, P.O. Box 443, Camden, TN 38320
Curator — James T. Tanner, 417 Switzerland Dr., Knoxville, TN 37920
Secretary — Nancy Tanner, 417 Switzerland Dr., Knoxville, TN 37920
Treasurer — George R. Payne, 5834 Edgewater Cove #2, Memphis,

TN 38184

All TOS members receive The Migrant and the TOS newsletter, The Tennessee
Warbler. The newsletter carries information about meetings, forays, and club activities.

Annual dues are $10.00 for an Active membership. Other categories of membership
are: Student - $5.00; Family - $12.00; Library - $15.00; Sustaining - $20.00; Life - $200.00.
Chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses. Dues, contributions, and be-
quests are deductible from Federal income and estate taxes. Back issues of The Migrant
may be purchased from the Curator. Please correspond with the Treasurer for subscriptions,
memberships, and changes of address.

Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December).

Printed by Tennessee Industrial Printing Services, Inc., 51 Miller Ave., Jackson, TN 38305.

Copyright © 1990 by the Tennessee Ornithological Society

THE MIGRANT

Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society,
to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee.
Issued in March, June, September, and December.

VOL. 61 March 1990 NO. 1

The Migrant, 61(1):1-10, 1990

THE 1989 CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT
Damien J. Simbeck

A total of 25 counts was conducted in Tennessee during the 1989-1990 season,
tallying 145 species, plus two other count week species. The weather was big news
this year. Prior to the count period, fairly mild weather prevailed over most of the
state. However, as the count period began, the jet stream steered south from Canada,
sending frigid arctic air into the state. Temperatures during the first week fell below
freezing, while the second week recorded record breaking temperatures below zero.
Temperatures returned to mild for the third week, though most of the counts held
then still reported frozen water. The three counts conducted during the second week
broke the state’s coldest temperature records. Savannah, with a high of only 6°F,
broke the coldest high temperature record of 13°, set on Roan Mountain in 1962.
Nashville and Columbia each broke the record for coldest temperature of -1° set at
Great Smoky Mtns. NP. in 1976. Columbia now holds the record over Nashville
by one degree with a low of -1 1°.

Most of the rare species recorded this year fall into the lingering species or
vagrant categories. Only a few species were pushed south by the cold. Northern
finches made a small invasion, with Pine Siskins found on all counts, Purple
Finches on most, and White-winged Crossbills on a state CBC for only the 7th time.
Two species make their first appearance on a Tennessee CBC. These are a Great
Black-backed Gull at Hickory-Priest and a poorly described, but acceptable Black
Rail in the Smokys. This brings the state list to about 216 species. Notable
non-lingerers include Red-necked Grebe (3rd CBC record), Tundra Swan on two
counts, Mute Swan (5th), Oldsquaw on two counts, and White-winged Scoter (8th).
Though all records of Mute Swans are questionable due to their origin, the fact that
these birds were found after the major cold spell, were with a large migratory flock
of Canada Geese, and were only two of many (50+) Mute Swans found in
Kentucky, Tennessee and Alabama at approximately the same time, seems to
indicate a good chance these birds came from the Great Lakes population.

Notable ligering species include Merlin on three counts, Lesser Yellowlegs
(5th), Rufous Hummingbird (2nd), House and Marsh Wrens, Palm Warbler,
Common Yellowthroat, Dickcissel (6th), and Lincoln’s Sparrow. Perhaps some of
these birds (i.e. Merlin, House and Marsh Wrens, Lincoln’s Sparrow) represent
individuals imprinted on our state as a winter home, due to past mild winters, and
did not respond to the cold fronts of late December. Could we also be seeing a start

1

2

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

of nature’s response to global warming? Are these species becoming more regular
on our counts due to an overall increase in temperature, and are they thus traveling
a shorter distance each winter? We may only be seeing the results of an increase
in observer effort to find and identify that rare bird. Only time and continued
observer efforts will tell.

As usual, the counts are tabulated from west to east.

INFORMATION ON THE COUNTS

MEMPHIS — 17 Dec; 0630- 1645; cloudy with trace snow cover; temp. 17-27°F;
wind SW 0-5 mph; water frozen; 35 observers in 8-10 parties plus two at feeders;
126 party hours (96 on foot, 30 by car) plus 6 at feeders, 2 owling; 194 party miles
(73 on foot, 121 by car) plus ? owling. Good details submitted for Merlin (HV),
Peregrine Falcon (RE,BB), Lesser Yellowlegs (DB,TF,MG,MW), and Common
Yellowthroat (DB,GB,MW). 99 species, 21,515 individuals. Buzz Bean, Dianne
Bean, Gilbert Beaver, Carolyn Bullock, Fred Carney, Robert Casey, Ben Coffey,
Lula Coffey, Chris Creech, Julian Darlington, Harold Elphingstone, Robert Endres,
James Ferguson, Robert Ford, William Fowler, Tim Furr, Murray Gardler, Van
Harris, Ginger Ilardi, Robert Ilardi, David Kessler, Joe Knack, Jo Levy, Selma
Lewis, George Payne, Jeanne Payne, Rob Peeples, Dick Preston, Ernie Restivo,
Virginia Reynolds, Arlo Smith, Noreen Smith, Howard Vogel, Martha Waldron
(compiler- 1626 Yorkshire Dr., Memphis 38119), Jeff Wilson.

REELFOOT LAKE — 19 Dec; 0630-1700; cloudy to clear; temp. 20-25°F; wind
5-10 mph N; water frozen; 10 observers in 4 parties plus 1 at feeder; 34 party hours
(22 on foot, 12 by car) plus 4 at feeder; 160.5 party miles (14.5 on foot, 146 by car).
Coffey party had Spotted Sandpiper at waste-water treatment lagoon. First time
House Finches have been reported. 79 species, 612,618 individuals. Ben Coffey,
Lula Coffey, Harold Elphingstone, Bob Ford, Mark Greene, Frank McCamey,
David Pitts (compiler-Biology Dept. UTM, Martin 38238), Bryan Schultz, Glenn
Stanley, Bettie Sumara, Eddie Wilbanks.

SAVANNAH — 22 Dec; 0315-0445, 0630-1700; AM- mostly cloudy with
flurries, PM- partly cloudy; 0-. 1 inch snow/ice cover; temp. -5 to 6°F; wind N 0-20
with gusts to 35 mph. Water mostly frozen; 3 observers in 3 parties plus 3 at feeders;
25 party hours (7.75 on foot, 17.25 by car) plus 4 at feeders, 1.5 owling; 243.3 party
miles (8 on foot, 235.3 by car) plus 33. 1 owling. Good details submitted for Greater
Scaup, Rough-legged Hawk (present since mid-Nov.), Short-eared Owl (present
since mid-Nov.), Lincoln’s Sparrow, and Lapland Longspur (all by DS). 92 species,
5690 individuals. Lloyd Franks, Sheila Franks, Lois Johnson, Johnny Parks, Ned
Piper, Damien Simbeck (compiler- Dept, of Zoology, University of Tennessee,
Knoxville 37996-0810).

CROSS CREEKS NWR — 16 Dec; 0400-1700; partly cloudy; temp. 0-21°F;
wind NW 5 mph; water mostly frozen; 8-9 observers in 4-5 parties plus 2-3 at
feeders; 39.5 party hours (15.5 on foot, 24 by car) plus 8 at feeders, 3 owling; 283.5
party miles (16 on foot, 267.5 by car) plus 39 owling. The Golden Eagle was an
immature (JD). Good details submitted for Oldsquaw (DM,JW). 94 species, 66731
individuals. Donald Blunk, Jerry Drewry, Bob English, Clayton Ferrell, Chip
Grafe, Vicki Grafe, Carol Hale (compiler- Rt. 1, Box 556, Dover 37058), Stephen
Hale, Dollyanne Myers, Jeff Wilson, Mike Wolf.

1989 CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT

U NASH DRR HICK MURF LEBA HIGH COOK NICK CHAT HIWA NORR KNOX GSMNP GREE KING ELIZ BRIS ROAN

1990

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CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT

7

BUFFALO RIVER — 28 Dec; 0400-1730; partly cloudy to clear; temp. 25-56°F;
wind SW 0-5 mph; water mostly frozen; 1 1 observers in 5-6 parties. Good details
submitted for Mute Swans (MW) and House Wrens (MB,DS). 82 species, 27266
individuals. Andy Augustin, Michael Beuerlein, Chester McConnell, Dot McConnell,
Royce Neidert, Jane Newell, Dee Patterson, Donette Sellars, Damien Simbeck
(co-compiler), Don Simbeck (co-compiler- 117 Second Ave. N, Loretto 38469),
Morris Williams.

CLARKSVILLE — 30 Dec; 0700-1630; cloudy with AM fog and light rain;
temp. 45-58°F; wind W 5-10 mph; water partly frozen; 10 observers in 5 parties
plus 10 at feeders; 37.25 party hours (10 on foot, 27.25 by car) plus 9.5 at feeders,
1 owling; 293.6 party miles (10 on foot, 283.6 by car) plus 2 owling. Good details
submitted for Dickcissel (AH). Gray Catbird (1) was reported, but no details were
submitted. 61 species, 6,568 individuals. Mike Filson, Tom Foust, Debbie Gillis,
Kenneth Haskins, Annie Heilman, Bill Hudson (compiler- 619 Idlewood Dr.,
Clarksville 37043), Gloria Milliken, Louise Podell, Ellen Walker.

COLUMBIA — 23 Dec; 0630-1700; clear to partly cloudy; temp. -1 1 to 13°F;
wind AM- N 0-5 mph, PM- N 10-20 mph; water mostly frozen; 6 observers in 4 parties
plus 4 at feeders; 26.5 party hours (8 on foot, 18.5 by car) plus 20 at feeders; 195 party
miles (8 on foot, 187 by car). Good details submitted for Gr. White-fronted Geese
(MM). 78 species, 4822 individuals. Nancy Byer, Brad Hammond, William Jemigan,
Bedford Lochridge, Cleo Mayfield, George Mayfield (compiler- 999 Sunnyside
Dr., Columbia 38401), Mark Mayfield, Jane Oakes, Karen Stephens, Charles Wolf.

NASHVILLE — 23 Dec; 0500- 1 700; clear; temp. - 10 to 1 8°F; wind N 5- 10 mph;
water mostly frozen; 18 observers in 8 parties plus 6 at feeders; 61.75 party hours
(26.5 on foot, 35.25 by car) plus 18 at feeders, 2.5 owling; 349.5 party miles (24.5 on
foot, 325 by car) plus 5 owling. 69 species, 7106 individuals. Jeanne Cobb, Richard
Conners, Kinian Cosner, William Cowart, Rowan DeBold, Gerald Drewry, Lucy Finch,
Robert Hatcher, Mary Evelyn Jackson, Kenneth Lundstrom, Joseph McLaughlin,
Robert O’Dear, Marjorie Patrick, Betty Pilzer, Virginia Price, Ann Tarbell (compiler-
6033 Sherwood Dr., Nashville 37215), Julia Toone, Edwin Toone III, Edwin Toone
IV, Oma Vaughn, David Vogt, Kenneth Walkup, Hardy Wilcoxon.

DUCK RIVER RESERVOIR — 16 Dec; 0400-1700; partly cloudy; temp.
10-20°F; wind W 0-10 mph; water mostly frozen; 6 observers in 5 parties; 33 party
hours (16 on foot, 17 by car) plus 2.5 owling; 212 party miles (10 on foot, 202 by
car) plus 2 owling. 69 species, 4667 individuals. Brad Hammond, Bill Jemigan,
Alyn Lay, George Mayfield, Allen Pressnell (compiler-Rt. 6 Box 274G, Columbia
38401), Dianne Pressnell.

HICKOR Y-PRIEST — 1 Jan; 0500-1730; cloudy to mostly cloudy; temp.
31-44°F; wind W 8 mph; water partly frozen; 16 observers in 6 parties; 53 party
hours (28.5 on foot, 24.5 by car) plus 3.5 owling; 376 party miles (20 on foot, 356
by car) plus 20 owling. Good details submitted for Oldsquaw (DJ,KJ,JP), Merlin
(BC,JM,JS) present since fall, third year at this site, and Great Black-backed Gull
(BC,JD,DJ,KJ,JP,JS) present for several days before count. 87 species, 16,156
individuals. Frances Abernathy, Linda Anderson, Hazel Cassell, Bill Cowart, Jerry
Drewry (compiler-4444 Dowdy Dr., Antioch 37013), Louise Jackson, Dan Jacobson,
Kathy Jacobson, Lee Kramer, Joe McLaughlin, Deane McGork, Johnny Parks,
Chris Sloan, Ann Tarbell, David Vogt.

8

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

MURFREESBORO — 6 Jan; 0800-2200 [?-DJS]; cloudy to mostly cloudy;
temp. 45-59°F; wind NW 6 mph; water open; 12 observers in 6 parties; 32 party
hours (2 on foot, 30 by car) plus 1 owling; 173 party miles (3 on foot, 170 by car).
58 species, 507,447 individuals. Bertha Chrietzberg, James Chrietzberg, Bill
Erwin, Lou Erwin, Ann Hettish (compiler- 10 18 Lawndale Dr., Murfreesboro
37129), Bob Hettish, Richard Hunter, Wilma Hunter, David McCarroll, Larry
McFarlin, John Patten, Terry Witt.

LEBANON — 16 Dec; 0630-1630; clear to partly cloudy, with AM snow
showers; temp. 0-25°F; wind NW 3-8 mph; water partly frozen; 9 observers in 4
parties plus 2 at feeders; 29.25 party hours (8 on foot, 2 1 .25 by car) plus 5 at feeders;
209.75 party miles (13.25 on foot, 196.5 by car). 68 species, 3740 individuals.
Norma Crawford, Mildred Gaston, June Gelpi, Ruth McMillan (compiler-Rt. 2 Box
141, Lascassas 37085), Kay Norris, Larry Norris, Becky Roy, Howard See,
Ramona See, Barbara Stedman, Melissa Tucker.

HIGHLAND RIM — 30 Dec; 0700-1600; cloudy with fog and rain; temp. 53-59;
wind AM- S 10 mph, PM- NW 10 mph; water mostly frozen; 16 observers in 8
parties; 32 party hours (5.25 on foot, 26.75 by car); 367.5 party miles (8.5 on foot,
359 by car). 69 species, 8621 individuals. Donald Davidson (compiler- 1703
Second Ave., Manchester 37355), Marguerite Hernandez, Ruth Luckado, Nicky
Medley, Dianne Nunly, Chloe Peebles, Howell Peebles, Erma Rogers, Mary
Shelton, Quincy Stykes, Jean Sullivan, Lillie Willard, Grady York, Willa York.

PUTNAM COUNTY — 2 Jan; 0700-1650; partly cloudy; temp. 18-48°F; wind
SE 0-15 mph; water partly frozen; 8 observers in 5 parties plus 1 at feeders; 38
party hours (15.5 on foot, 22.5 by car) plus 1 at feeders; 257 party miles (7.25 on
foot, 249.75 by car). 62 species, 9447 individuals. Jean Cashion, Michelle Cashion,
Richard Cashion, Graham Kash, Mildred Lassiter, Richard Simmers (compiler-Rt.
6 Box 170, Cookeville 38501), Barbara Stedman, Steve Stedman, Joseph Wahl.

NICKAJACK LAKE — 30 Dec; 0500-1730; cloudy with light rain; temp.
46-57°F; wind SE 0-5 mph; water partly frozen; 19 observers in 9-10 parties; 78
party hours (46.25 on foot, 27.75 by car, 4 by boat) plus 5.5 owling; 340 party miles
(26 on foot, 285 by car, 29 by boat) plus 61 owling. Good details submitted for
Common Merganser (CSW) and LeConte’s Sparrow (JD,CS1). 97 species, 34,492
individuals. Clyde Blum, Jerry Drewry, Paul Harris, John Henderson, Caryl
Hogsett, Jerry Ingles, Daniel Jacobson, Kathy Jacobson, Albert Jenkins, Starr
Klein, Laraine McCay, Johnny Parks (compiler- 16 10 E. 17th St., Chattanooga
37404-5003), Peter Robinson, Tommie Rogers, Robin Rudd, Chris Sloan, Joe
Stone, Carl Swafford, Bruce Wilkey.

CHATTANOOGA — 16 Dec; 0700-1800; clear; temp. 8-27°F; wind NE 5-20
mph; water partly frozen; 35 observers in 13 parties plus 4 at feeders; 110 party
hours (70 on foot, 40 by car) plus 14 at feeders, 8 owling; 591 party miles (70 on
foot, 521 by car) plus 57 owling. Good details submitted for Red-necked Grebe
(LD,DR), White-winged Scoter (LD,LH,DR) (adult male), Rough-legged Hawk
(AJ) (dark morph), Peregrine Falcoln (DR), Rufous Hummingbird (EH,JH) (adult
male, present since fall. Probably same bird as last year.), and House Wren
(JH,KH,SH,DJ). Marsh Wren (1) reported without details. 99 species, 11482
individuals. Nelson Bennett, Bob Campbell, Bob Clark, Cob Crawford, Ken
Dubke, Lil Dubke, Edgar Grundset, Linda Harris, Paul Harris, John Henderson
(compiler-7323 Fairington Circle, Hixon 37343), Ken Hereford, Sandra Hereford,

1990

CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT

9

Ella Howard, J.N. Howard, Dan Jacobson, A1 Jenkins, Lenny Kafka, Bill Lane,
Polly Lane, Jonnie Sue Lyons, John McClure, Evelyn McKinney, Barbara Mc-
Mahan, Mike McMahan, Tom Patton, Bob Pierce, Mary Ann Potter, Don
Ritzhaupt, Charles Robertson, Peter Robinson, Tommie Rogers, Robin Rudd,
Donald Rush, Bemie Tompkins, Dan Williams, Dick Wodenski.

HIWASSEE — 1 Jan; 0530-1800; partly cloudy to clear; temp. 34-43°F; wind
NW 5-10 mph; water open; 15 observers in 7 parties; 75.5 party hours (45 on foot,

26.5 by car, 4 by boat) plus 7 owling; 341 party miles (40 on foot, 277 by car, 24
by boat) plus 26 owling. Good details submitted for Tundra Swan
(EB,CB,LD,TR,DR), and Marsh Wren (CB,RK). 104 species, 22,838 individuals.
Mark Armstrong, Clyde Blum, Edith Bromley, Carl Campbell, Andrew Core,
Richard Diener, Ken Dubke, Lil Dubke, Lenny Kafka, Rick Knight, Chris Norris,
Tommie Rogers, Donnie Rush, Robin Rudd, Boyd Sharp.

NORRIS — 31 Dec; 0630-1830; cloudy; temp. 42-48°F; wind light, variable;
water partly frozen; 6 observers in 4 parties; 21 party hours (12 on foot, 9 by car)
plus 0.5 at feeders, 1.5 owling; 126 party miles (11 on foot, 115 by car) plus 10
owling. 58 species, 2,813 individuals. Richard Clark, Linda Fowler, Audrey Hoff,
Ron Hoff, George McKinney, Charles Nicholson (compiler-Box 402, Norris 37828).

KNOXVILLE — 17 Dec; 0600-1730; cloudy; temp. 8-28°F; wind SW 0-5 mph;
water mostly frozen; 21 observers in 13 parties plus 4 at feeders; 71.8 party hours
(43.3 on foot, 28.5 by car) plus 4.5 at feeders, 2.5 owling; 357.8 party miles (38 on
foot, 3 19.8 by car) plus 17.2 owling. Good details submitted for Tundra Swan (CN).
83 species, 31,854 individuals. Jane Beintema, Chris Butler, Bob Collier, Lara
Collier, Andrew Core, Marcia Davis, Louise Fuller, Audrey Hoff (compiler-4523
McCloud Rd., Knoxville 37938), Ronald Hoff, Andrew Howe, Tom Howe, Kate
Johnston, Tony Koella, Bettie Mason, James Mason, Charles Nicholson, Holly
Overton, Mark Reeves, Dan Robbins, Boyd Sharp.

GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK TN-NC — 30 Dec;
0430-1800; cloudy with light rain; temp. 25-62°F; wind 0-5 mph, variable, up to
25 mph at higher elevations; water open; 19 observers in 10 parties; 72.25 party hours
(43.5 on foot, 28.75 by car) plus 3 owling; 269.75 party miles (58.25 on foot, 21 1.5 by
car) plus 39 owling. Poor details submitted for Black Rail (BSh). 62 species, 2,577
individuals. Mark Armstrong, Jane Beintema, Howard Chitwood, Robert Collier, Jr.,
Marcia Davis, Donald DeFoe (non-participating compiler-Great Smoky Mountains
National Park, Gatlinburg, TN 37738) Paul Hartigan, Audrey Hoff, Susan Hoyle,
Burt Jones, Charles Nicholson, Chris Norris, Holly Overton, Truett Patterson,
Karen Petrey , Mark Reeves, Martha Rudolph, Michael Ryon, Beth Schilling, Boyd Sharp.

GREENEVILLE — 6 Jan; 0500-1745; cloudy with 0.3 inches of rain in morning;
temp. 46-50°F; wind calm; water open; 23 observers in 12 parties plus 3 at feeders;

5 1.5 party hours (16.5 on foot, 32 by car) plus 26.5 at feeders, 2 owling; 333.5 party
miles (10 on foot, 320.5 by car, 3 by boat) plus 1 owling. Good details submitted
for Harris’ Sparrow (RN, HW). 70 species, 9,567 individuals. Ben Britton, Orland
Britton, Phine Britton, Justino Carlos, Cynthia Cragin, Herb Cragin, Marjorie
Earnest, Barbara Fallon, King Gaut, Margaret Gaut, Juanita Heckert, Lenard
Heckert, Barbara Holt, Don Holt (compiler-311 Colonial Circle, Greeneville
37743), Henrietta Holt, Daniel J. Nieves, Dick Nevius, Willie Ruth Nevius, Doug
Ratledge, Helen Reed, JoAnne Routledge, Larry Routledge, Helen Spees, Royal
Spees, Virginia Williams.

10

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

KINGSPORT — 30 Dec; 0800-1600; cloudy with occasional light drizzle; temp.
32-40°F; wind 0-3 variable; water partly frozen; 20 observers in 6 parties plus 3 at
feeders; 47 party hours (12.5 on foot, 34.5 by car) plus 24 at feeders, 3 owling;
330.5 party miles (7.5 on foot, 323 by car) plus 35 owling. Good details submitted
for Merlin and Palm Warbler (both by GL and SL). Tufted Duck (1) deleted; details
did not eliminate scaup. 78 species, 8,286 individuals. Frank Altom, Danny
Blakley, Doris Gilland, Jim Gilland, Bob Hale, Wynn Heckert, Marie Jackson,
Rick Knight, George Livkins, Suzanne Livkins, Danny Mumford, Betty Ottenfeld,
Ben Quillen, Emily Sikora, Arthur Smith (compiler- 100 Otari Dr., Kingsport
37664), Julie Smith, Ken Smith, Frank Williams, Kristin Zimet.

ELIZABETHTON — 22 Dec; 0530-1730; clear to partly cloudy; temp. -3-8°F;
wind 0-10 mph N; water partly frozen; 8 observers in 3 parties; 29.75 party hours
(12.75 on foot, 17 by car) plus 2.25 owling; 232.5 party miles (8.5 on foot, 224 by
car) plus 13 owling. Good details submitted for House Wren (DL, GW, FW). 69
species, 2,856 individuals. Fred Alsop, Brian Cross, Dan Huffine, Rick Knight
(compiler-804 N. Hills Dr., Johnson City 37604), Dick Lura, Tom McNeil, Gary
Wallace, Frank Ward.

BRISTOL — 30 Dec; 0730-1700; cloudy; temp. 36-46°F; wind calm; water
partly frozen; 8 observers in 3 parties; 27 party hours (13 on foot, 14 by car) plus
3 owling; 247 party miles (5 on foot, 242 by car) plus 26 owling. 65 species, 4,377
individuals. Jim Boyd, Mary Boyd, Wallace Coffey, Brian Cross, Bert Hale, Ken
Hale, Loraine Hale, Richard Lewis (compiler-407 V.I. Ranch Road, Bristol 37620).

ROAN MOUNTAIN — 29 Dec; 0700-1630; partly cloudy, 3-5” snow on
ground; 15-38°F; wind 0-18 mph S; water mostly frozen; 2 observers in 1-2 parties;
10 party hours (7 on foot, 3 by car) plus 0.25 owling; 43 party miles (6 on foot, 37
by car) plus 2 owling. Good details submitted for White-winged Crossbills (BC).
32 species, 415 individuals. Brian Cross, Rick Knight (compiler-804 N. Hills Dr.,
Johnson City, TN 37604).

The Migrant, 61(1): 10-11, 1990

RECENT RECORDS OF WOOD STORKS IN
KNOX COUNTY, TENNESSEE

Charles P. Nicholson
P. O. Box 402, Norris, TN 37828

On 11 September 1983, Don Powers observed a Wood Stork ( Mycteria
americana ) soaring over Pellissippi Parkway (TN 162) in west Knox County,
Tennessee. Powers reported his observation to J. B. Owen, Knoxville TOS member
and author of a nature column in The Knoxville News-Sentinel. The next observa-
tion of a stork was on 17 September 1983, when A. Boyd Sharp observed one,
presumably the same bird Powers saw, at a pond near the junction of 1-40 and
Pellissippi Parkway and about 3 km SE of the site of Powers’ observation. This
bird, an immature, remained in the area until at least 7 October, and was seen and
photographed by many observers from across the state.

1990

WOOD STORKS

11

This stork was usually found in one of five fairly shallow, naturally occurring
ponds near the junction of 1-40 and Pelissippi Parkway. Two of these ponds are
surrounded by woods, while the others are more open. Two are visible from
heavily-traveled highways, and the largest, Dead Horse Lake, is adjacent to a golf
course. On the afternoon of 17 September, I watched the stork for about 1.5 hours
as it fed in one of the small ponds surrounded by woods. The water in this pond
was low and turbid, and the stork fed in water about 10-25 cm deep. It walked
slowly through the water dragging its beak back and forth in the water. It often
stretched one wing, presumably to shade the water, stirred the water with one foot,
and then jabbed at prey. During the course of my observation, I saw it swallow at
least 7 fish, which appeared to be bullheads ( Ictalurus sp.) up to 15 cm long. The
stork appeared to have little trouble catching prey.

After J. B. Owen wrote about the Wood Stork in his newspaper column, Mr. and
Mrs. C. R. Rickard reported to him that a Wood Stork visited a pond in their yard
during the fall of 1974. This was along Tazewell Pike in north Knox County. The
Rickards photographed this stork, and Owen and I have examined the photos. As
with the 1983 bird, the Rickard’s bird was an immature. The pond it visited is
surrounded by pasture, and tame Mute Swans ( Cygnus olor ) and ducks were
present.

These are the second and third Knox County records of a Wood Stork. The
previous record is of a bird shot on 16 April 1937 at Cedar Bluff, just east of Dead
Horse Lake (Walker, Migrant 7:41, 1937). According to Walker (op. cit.), a Wood
Stork had been present at Lake Andrew Jackson (now known as Dead Horse Lake)
a few days before the bird was shot at Cedar Bluff. Other previous East Tennessee
records include a flock of 5 (1 shot) at Cumberland Gap, Claiborne County, on 13
June 1932 (Ogden, Migrant 4:50-51, 1933), and 2 adults killed near Chattanooga
in June 1966 (DeVore, Migrant 37:82-83, 1966).

Accepted February 1990.

The Migrant, 61(l):12-22, 1990.

THE SEASON

Robert P. Ford, Editor

FALL: 1 AUGUST — 30 NOVEMBER 1989

Hurricane Hugo ravaged the shores of South Carolina in mid-September, but
transformed Tennessee’s Eastern Mountain Region into a coastal paradise for
birders. Petrels, jaegers, terns, and gulls occurred on Watagua Lake as Hugo
continued inland, leaving the lake, region, and state with an assortment of firsts.
Read the Eastern Mountain Region report for details as to species. Hugo apparently
did not affect bird distribution in the remainder of the state. Relatively average
temperatures, but a wetter than normal fall, occurred across the state during the
period.

Shorebird migration was closely followed by observers this fall, especially in
the Memphis area. Wet conditions provided pools of water in otherwise dry
environs, resulting in shorebird records from some new places. Birders are en-
couraged to take special note of these areas; they often attract a variety of birds.
Traditional birding areas furnished their usual share of rarities. Highlights included
American Avocet and Ruff in southwest Shelby County.

Two banding stations reported low success rates during the period, especially
during the month of September. Across the state, species of warblers occurred much
as expected, but in lower than usual numbers. Warbler numbers are apparently
declining, and careful observation and listing will become more and more important.
Observers may consider taking special notes on occurrence and habitat utilization
when neotropical migrants are found. Much time was spent afield this season, and
it shows in the variety of records presented here. Read on for more!

Abbreviations used in the following report include: ad-adult; b-banded; Co.-county;
EOP-end of period; ers-earliest reported sighting; et al.-and others; fide-reported
by; im-immature; in-inch; lrs-latest reported sighting; max-maximum 1 day count
in 1 county; m. ob -many observers; ph-photograph; yg-young; * -record has been
documented.

WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN — Some interesting transients highlighted the
1989 Fall Season, thanks to the Mississippi River and the T.J. Maxson Sewage
Lagoons. White Pelicans occurred at Island 13, and an American Avocet and Ruff
were observed at the sewage lagoons in southwest Shelby County. Many other
species of shorebirds were observed at the lagoons throughout the entire season.
No extraordinary climatic conditions affected the arrival and departure of the many
transients that pass through west Tennessee.

12

13

THE SEASON

MARCH

Pelican-Rail: WHITE PELICAN: 18 Sep (40) Is 13 (WGC). Double-crested
Cormorant: 6 Sep-20 Nov (1-1000+) LKC (WGC); 1 Oct (53) PAP (DWB); 29 Oct
(373) SFP (JRW). Least Bittern: 17 Sep (1) Hooper Marsh, DYC (WGC). Greater
White-fronted Goose: 12-13 Oct (65+) Is 13 (WGC). Northern Pintail: 13/26 Oct
(33/70) Is 13 (WGC). OLDSQUAW: 5 Nov (1) BRF (DWB), details submitted.
Surf Scoter: 8/29 Oct (1/2), 5 Nov (5) PLS (DWB). White-winged Scoter: 29 Oct
(1) PLS (DWB). Hooded Merganser: 9/26 Nov (3/5) Is 13 (WGC). Red-breasted
Merganser: 18 Nov (17) Is 13 (WGC). Osprey: 16/25 Sep (2), 2/4 Oct (1) Is 13(WGC);
23 Sep (2) Savannah Bottoms, HDC (DJS); 1 Oct (1) north central DTC (CHB);
27 Aug-1 Oct (1/2) PAP (DWB). Bald Eagle: 7/8/15 Aug (1 ad) Macon, TIP
(Jerry Mitchell), previous sighting of a Bald Eagle in the same area was made in
Jun and Jul; 22/27 Sep (1 ad, 1 im) Is 13; (2 ad) REL, LKC (WGC). Northern
Harrier: 23 Sep-EOP (1-9) Savannah Bottoms, HDC (DJS). Sharp-shinned Hawk:

21 Oct (1) Is 13 (WGC); 29 Oct (1) SFP (JRW). Cooper’s Hawk: 27 Sep (1) Is 13
(WGC); 29 Oct (1) SFP (GRP, BHW). Broad-winged Hawk: 21 Sep (20) MEM
(JLL). Rough-legged Hawk: 24 Nov-EOP (1) Savannah Bottoms, HDC (DJS),
details submitted. Merlin: 16 Sep (1) ESL (CHB, MGW); 23 Sep (1) Savannah
Bottoms near Shiloh, HDC (DJS); 8 Oct (1) ESL (DWB). Peregrine Falcon: 23 Sep
(1) ESL (MGW). King Rail: 1 Oct BSU (DWB). Virginia Rail: 24 Sep (1 ad, dead)
Is 13 (WGC); 1 Oct (1) BSU (DWB). Sora: 2 Sep-1 Oct (1-3) BSU (DWB).

Plover-Tern : Shorebirds in Dyer, Lake, and Shelby counties received much
attention this season. Field work in Dyer and Lake counties averaged three visits
a week while Shelby county visits were limited to twice a week. Records indicate
high and low numbers for the period. Black-bellied Plover: 5-6 Aug (1) ESL (Dick
Whittington); 28 Aug (2) Is 13 (WGC); 1/8 Oct (7/12) BSU (DWB); 1 Oct (3) ESL
(MLG); 5 Oct/24 Nov (5/1) ESL (DPB, CHB, VBR, JEW, MGW). Lesser Golden
Plover: 24 Nov (1) Savannah Bottoms, HDC (DJS), details submitted. Semipal-
mated Plover: 8-16 Sep (2-15) Is 13, 4 Oct (1) Tiptonville, LKC (WGC); 9 Aug-4 Nov
(1-13) ESL (MGW, JEW, VBR, WRP, CHB, DPB). Piping Plover: 8-30 Aug (1)
Is 13 (WGC). Black-necked Stilt: 9 Aug (1) Wolf River, near Moscow, FYC (Knox
Martin), first reported for FYC; 28 Sep (2) ESL (MGW); 1 Oct (1) ESL (MLG).
AMERICAN AVOCET: 6 Sep (1) Is 13 (WGC); 28 Sep (1) ESL (CHB, LCC).
Lesser Yellowlegs: 27 Aug (20) Heloise, DYC (WGC); 23 Sep (310+) ESL
(Memphis Audubon); 28 Sep (300) ESL (CHB, LCC); 12 Oct (328) ESL (MGW,
JEW, VBR, WRP, CHB, DPB); 24 Nov-EOP (2-5) ESL (MGW, JEW). Solitary
Sandpiper: 12 Aug (5) Is 13 (WGC); 9 Aug-18 Sep (1-6) ESL (DPB, CHB, VBR,
WRP, JEW, MGW). Upland Sandpiper: 3 Sep (1) levee at Is 13 (DWB). Ruddy
Turnstone: 18/23/25 Aug (1), 16 Sep (3) Is 13 (WGC); 2/12 Sep (1/2) ESL (MTOS).
Sanderling: 23-27 Aug (1), 1-23 Oct (1-9) Is 13 (WGC); 9 Sep (1) PAP (DWB);
10/12 Sep (1) ESL (Theresa Irion, MRR, JEW, MGW). Western Sandpiper: 18/28
Aug/1 Oct, 18 Nov (1) Is 13 (WGC); 27 Aug (10-12) PAP (Joyce North); 9 Aug-27 Sep
(2-7) ESL (MGW, JEW, VBR, CHB, DPB). Least Sandpiper: 9 Aug-EOP (1-953)
ESL (MGW, JEW, WRP, VBR, CHB, DPB). Baird’s Sandpiper: 27 Aug (1) PAP
(DWB); 3 Sep (16) Is 13 (DWB); 4/5 Sep (5/4), 20 Nov (1) Is 13 (WGC); 12 Sep
(1) ESL (JEW, MGW); 1 Oct (1) ESL (MLG); 8 Oct (1) ESL (DWB). Pectoral
Sandpiper: 8 Aug-8 Sep (1-150) Is 13 (WGC); 9 Aug-4 Nov (14-888) ESL (DPB,
CHB, WRP, VBR, JEW, MGW). Dunlin: 21 Oct-20 Nov (3-13) Is 13 (WGC);

22 Oct-EOP (5-69) ESL (DPB, CHB, VBR, JEW, MGW). Stilt Sandpiper: 14-28 Aug

14

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

(1-9) Is 13, 27 Aug (15) Heloise, DYC, 4 Sep (32) Lake #9, LKC, 2 Oct (1)
Tiptonville (WGC); 9 Aug (1), 2-18 Sep (2), 1 Oct (65+), 29 Oct (5) ESL (GBB,
Ivon Beaver, DPB, CHB, MLG, VBR, JEW, JRW, MGW). Buff-breasted
Sandpiper: 25 Aug-8 Sep (3-21) Is 13 (WGC); 2 Sep (1) ESL (MTOS). RUFF: 27
Sep-12 Oct (1) ESL (*MGW, m. ob.), details submitted. Dowitcher species: 14-30
Aug/4 Oct (1-9) Is 13 (WGC); 27 Aug (2) PAP (Joyce North); 2 Sep-28 Sep (1-3)
ESL (MGW, JEW, VBR, CHB, DPB). Short-billed Dowitcher: 1 Oct (1) ESL
(MLG); 12 Oct (7) ESL (MGW, JEW). Long-billed Dowitcher: 1 Oct (1) ESL
(MLG); 12 Oct (2) ESL (MGW, JEW). Wilson’s Phalarope: 18-28 Aug (1-3) Is 13
(WGC); 27 Aug (1) PAP (Joyce North); 2/23 Sep (2), 4/24 Nov (1) ESL (MTOS).
Red-necked Phalarope: 1 Oct (1) PAP (DWB, JRW), details submitted. Franklin’s
Gull: 1 Oct (1) PAP (DWB); 1 1 Nov (1) Pickwick State Park, HDC (DJS); 13 Nov

(I) Is 13 (WGC). Ring-billed Gull: 2 Sep (2) PAP (DWB); 30 Oct-EOP (3/1000)
Is 13 (WGC). Herring Gull: 1 Oct (1) PAP (DWB); 30 Oct-EOP (1-2) Is 13 (WGC).
Caspian Tem: 12 Aug-27 Sep (1-2), 1-10 Oct (15-2) Is 13 (WGC); 27 Aug (8), 2 Sep

(II) , 1 Oct (5) PAP (DWB). Common Tem: 27 Aug (1) PAP (Joyce North, DWB);
1 Oct (2) PAP (DWB). Forster’s Tem: 25 Aug (3), 6 Oct (2) Is 13 (WGC); 2 Sep/1 1 Nov

(3) PLS (DWB). Black Tem: 14-25 Aug (1-88) Is 13 (WGC); 27 Aug (12) PAP
(Joyce North); 23 Sep (14) Pickwick Lake at Dry Creek, HDC (DJS).

Dove-Siskin : COMMON GROUND DOVE: 27 Aug (1) BRF (DWB), details
submitted. Bam Owl: 3 Sep (1) Hwy 54 near Como, HYC (DWB). Short-eared
Owl: 5 Nov (1) BRF (DWB); 1 1 Nov-EOP (1) Savannah Bottoms at Hatley Rd.,
HDC (DJS). Common Nighthawk: 21 Aug-5 Sep (1-120) MEM (LCC, Martha
Heinemann); 3 Sep (30) MEM (Bill Fowler); 28 Sep (18) PEF (JLL, Dwight
Miller); 1 Oct (45) MEM (JEW); 21 Oct (49) Tatumville, Forked Deer River
Bottoms (WGC). Swallow species: 8/21 Aug (1000/2500), 25 Sep (2000), Is 13
(WGC), species were a mix of Bank and Cliff. Olive-sided Flycatcher: 28 Aug (1)
PEF (VBR); 1 Oct (1) northcentral DTC (CHB); 2 Sep (1) BRF (DWB). Yellow-
bellied Flycatcher: 23 Sep (1) Dry Creek, HDC (DJS), details submitted, identified
by call. Veery: 23 Sep (1) Savannah Bottoms, HDC (DJS). Gray-cheeked Thrush:
23 Sep (2) Savannah Bottoms, HDC (DJS). Swainson’s Thrush: 23 Sep (1)
Savannah Bottoms, HDC (DJS). Water Pipit: 11 Nov-EOP (1-3) Savannah Bot-
toms, HDC (DJS). Warblers were detected on weekly trips to bottomland hardwood
forests. It was an early migration for expected species, but all numbers were lower
than normal. Eighteen species were observed in HDC in lower single digit numbers.
Fall Field Day, 29 Oct, eight species were observed. Worm-eating Warbler: 25 Oct
(1) PEF (MGW), late for season. Dickcissel: 29 Oct (1) PEF (CHB, Theresa Irion,
NMS). Lark Sparrow: 3 Sep levee, LKC (DWB). Grasshopper Sparrow: 1 Aug-23
Sep (2-12) Savannah Bottoms, HDC (DJS). Le Conte’s Sparrow: 1 1 Nov-EOP (6)
Savannah Bottoms, HDC (DJS); 27 Nov-EOP (2) PEF (MLG); Nov (4) PEF (JRW,
GBB). Sharp-tailed Sparrow: Nov (1) PEF (JRW, GBB), details submitted.
Lincoln’s Sparrow: 8 Oct (1) Savannah Bottoms, HDC (DJS), details submitted.
White-crowned Sparrow: 10 Oct (11) Trenton, GBC (MAG); 19 Nov-EOP (35)
PEF (MGW). Lapland Longspur: 4 Dec (35) PEF (MLG). Smith’s Longspur: 25 Nov
(8) PEF (MLG, MGW), 6 Dec (5) PEF (JLL, Dwight Miller). Western
Meadowlark: 25 Nov (1) PEF (MLG, MGW). Rusty Blackbird: 25 Nov (25) PEF
(MGW); 29 Nov (6) LHW (HBD, CHB, VBR, BHW). Brewer’s Blackbird: 24 Nov

(4) Savannah Bottoms, HDC (DJS), second county record; 25 Nov (6) PEF (MLG).

1990

THE SEASON

15

House Finch: 26 Nov (52) Trenton, GBC (MAG). Pine Siskin: 11 Nov-EOP (1)
Pickwick State Park (DJS); 15 Nov (1) Trenton, GBC (MAG).

Location : BRF-Britton Ford, Tennessee National Wildlfe Refuge, Henry Co.;
BSU-Big Sandy Unit, Tennessee National Wildlife Refuge, Henry Co.; DTC-
Decatur Co.; DYC-Dyer Co.; ESL-Ensley Sewage Lagoons, Shelby Co.; FYC-
Fayette Co.; HDC-Hardin Co.; HYC-Haywood Co.; Is 13-Island 13, Lake Co.;
LHWR-Lower Hatchie National Wildlife Refuge; LKC-Lake Co.; MEM-Mem-
phis; PAP-Pace Point, Benton Co.; PEF-Penal Farm, Shelby Co.; PLS-Paris
Landing State Park; REL-Reelfoot Lake; SFP- Shelby Forest State Park, Shelby Co.

MARTHA G. WALDRON, 1626 Yorkshire Dr., Memphis, TN 38119

HIGHLAND RIM AND BASIN REGION — The weather in Nashville during
the period was characterized by near average temperatures and by higher than
average rainfall for every month of the period. Sep was particularly wet, almost
twice the average rainfall occurred. The high rainfall resulted in shallow, wet-
weather ponds that attracted good shorebird numbers to some parts of the region.

The seed crop was generally reported to be fairly good though the Hackberry
crop was poor.

Among the most noteworhty of reports for the period was a Red-throated Loon
at Woods Reservoir, a Laughing Gull also at Woods Reservoir, and a Franklin’s
Gull on Old Hickory Lake. Pine Siskins were reported from several locations which
may indicate a good season for this invasion species for the oncoming winter.

Loon-Merganser. RED-THROATED LOON: 6 Nov (1) WDR (RWL, MDH).
Double-crested Cormorant: 2 Oct (1) PPL, RUC (Anne L. Hettish), ers; 7 Oct (40)
OHL, Wilson Co. (RVM), max.; 3 Nov (30) WDR (RWL). Cattle Egret: 1 Oct (2)
Dilton-Mankin Rd., RUC (Wilma Hunter), only report. Yellow-crowned Night
Heron: 21 Aug (4) Tullahoma, FKC (Majory B. Harper), lrs. White-fronted Goose:
4 Nov (1) Monsanto Ponds, MUC (OBL), ers; 24 Nov (1) WDR (DLD). Snow
Goose (blue morph): 10 Nov (3) Hillsboro, CFC (ELR), only report. Canvasback:
23 Oct (2) AEDC, CFC (DLD), ers. Common Goldeneye: 8 Nov (8) RDL
(MLM),ers. SURF SCOTER: 23 Nov (1) WDR (DLD). Hooded Merganser: 8 Nov
(250) AEDC (DLD), max.

Osprey-Crane : Osprey: 22 Aug (1) AEDC (DLD), 7 Oct (1) Camp Boxwell,
OHL, Wilson Co. (RVM, Jo Rook, June Gelpi, Darrell Ramsey). Bald Eagle: Sep
(1 ad) Murfreesboro, RUC (Richard Hunter, Wilma Hunter), seen feeding on dead
cow 2 days in Sep; 18 Sep (1 ad) AEDC (DLD); 21 Sep (1 ad) Normandy Res.,
CFC (James F. Van Cleave); 3 Nov (1 im) WDR (DLD); 25 Nov (1 im) Goose
Pond, Grundy Co. (F. Nicky Medley). Merlin: 27 Sep (1) Monteagle, FKC (RWL).
Wild Turkey: 9 Sep (10-12 im) WDR (Lillie D. Wilard, Maijory B. Harper); 29 Oct
(18) CCNWR, SWC (Nita R. Heilman), max. Sandhill Crane: 4 Nov (1) Goose
Pond, Grundy Co. (Violette S. Wakeland); 10 Nov (20) Hillsboro, CFC (FNM), max.

Plover-Tern : Black-bellied Plover: 2 Nov (1) OHL, DVC (WJC), only report.
Upland Sandpiper: 6 Sep (1) Hillsboro, CFC (ELR), only report. Dunlin: 4 Nov (3)
Hillsboro, CFC (RWL), only report. Stilt Sandpiper: 4 Sep (8) Hillsboro, CFC
(DLD), only report. Buff-breasted Sandpiper: 6 Sep (1) Hillsboro, CFC (ELR).
Short-billed Dowitcher: 6 Sep (9) Hillsboro, CFC (DLD). FRANKLIN’S GULL:

16

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

2 Nov (1) OHL, DVC (WJC). LAUGHING GULL: 19 Oct-4 Nov (1) WDR (RWL).
Ring-billed Gull: 25 Nov (1) Lawrenceburg, Lawrence Co. (DJS, RRS), ers.
Herring Gull: 3 Oct (1) Normandy Res., CFC (MDH), ers. Common Tern: 8 Sep
(2) WDR (DLD). Forster’s Tern: 15 Oct (11) Normandy Res., CFC (MDH), max,
lrs. Black Tern: 21 Aug (20) WDR (RWL), max.

Cuckoo-Vireo : Black-billed Cuckoo: 11 Sep (1) CLA (AHH), ers. Ruby-
throated Hummingbird: 26 Oct (1) Tullahoma, CFC (Mattie T. Shockley), lrs.
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker: 26 Sep (1) CLA (AHH), ers. Least Flycatcher: 17 Sep
(1) BAH (RWS). Homed Lark: 24 Nov (50) Tims Ford Res. area, FKC (RWL),
max. Purple Martin: 30 Sep (1) DVC (WJC), lrs. Tree Swallow: 20 Oct (1000)
WDR (RWL), max. Red-breasted Nuthatch: 17 Sep (1) Love Circle, DVC (JCA),
ers; 4 reports for region. Winter Wren: 4 Oct (1) BAH (RWS), ers. Golden-crowned
Kinglet: 4 Oct (1) BAH (RWS), ers. Ruby-crowned Kinglet: 26 Sep (1) CLA
(AHH), ers. Veery: 10 Sep (3) BAH (RWS), ers; 17 Sep (10) BAH (RWS), max.
Swainson’s Thrush: 4 Sep (1) CLA (AHH), ers. Water Pipit: 8 Nov (3) Hillsboro,
CFC (ELR), only report. Cedar Waxwing: 10 Aug (3) CCNWR, SWC (Ellen J.
Walker), ers. Solitary Vireo: 29 Oct (1) CCNWR, SWC (Nita R. Heilman), lrs.
Philadelphia Vireo: 1 Sep (1) CLA (AHH), ers. 4 Oct (1) RDL, DVC (JCA), lrs.

Warbler-Siskin : Blue-winged Warbler: 5 Oct (1) CFC (FNM), lrs. Golden-
winged Warbler: 1 Sep (1) CLA (AHH), ers; 18 Sep (1) BAH (RWS), lrs.
Tennessee Warbler: 31 Oct (1) CLA (AHH), lrs. Nashville Warbler: 13 Sep (1)
Love Circle, DVC (JCA), ers; 22 Oct (2) CLA (AHH), lrs. Chestnut-sided Warbler:
26 Sep (1) Love Circle, DVC (JCA), ers.; 11 Oct (1) RDL (JCA), lrs. Magnolia
Warbler: 1 Sep (2) BAH (RWS), ers; 25 Oct (1) Pennington Bend, DVC (Margaret
L. Mann), lrs. Cape May Warbler: 12 Oct (1) CFC (FNM); 16 Oct (1) Tullahoma,
CFC (RWL). Yellow-rumped Warbler: 27 Sep (1) RDL (JCA), ers. Blackpoll
Warbler: 25 Sep (1) WSMV transmitter, DVC (Katherine A. Goodpasture, Ann
Houk), television tower casualty, specimen in Warner Park Nature Center skin
collection. Connecticut Warbler: 11 Sep (1) CLA (AHH); 27 Sep (1) Monteagle,
FKC (ELR). Hooded Warbler: 4 Oct (1) CLA (AHH), Its. Wilson’s Warbler: 20 Sep
(1) CLA (AHH), only report. Vesper Sparrow: 24 Oct (2) CCNWR (AHH), only
report. Purple Finch: 19 Nov (2) CLA (AHH), ers. Pine Siskin: 13 Nov (1)
Hillsboro, CFC (ERL), ers; reported from 4 locations.

Locations : AEDC-Amold Engineering Development Center; BAH-Bames
Hollow, Putnam Co.; CCNWR-Cross Creeks National Wildlife Refuge; CFC-
Coffee Co.; CLA-Clarksville, Montgomery Co.; DVC-Davidson Co.; FKC-
Franklin Co.; MUC-Maury Co.; OHL-Old Hickory Lake; PPL-Percy Priest Lake;
RDL- Radnor Lake, Davidson Co.; RUC-Rutherford Co.; WDR- Woods Reservoir,
Franklin Co.

DAVID F. VOGT, 7818 Old Charlotte Park, Nashville, TN 37209

EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY REGION — The region experienced a wet
and fairly warm fall season. Rainfall during Sep was twice the normal amount,
causing scattered flooding. The other three months received near average to slightly
greater than average precipitation. All of this water kept area lakes filled much later
into the season than normal. Temperatures were mostly near normal. However,
cold snaps in early and mid-Oct, the latter bringing the first snow flurries to Johnson

1990

THE SEASON

17

City and Knoxville, were followed by a very mild “Indian summer” over the last
10 days of the month. A couple of heavy frosts occurred in mid-Oct in the Johnson
City area, but not until into Nov at Knoxville. The remnants of Hurricane Hugo
passed just east of the region on 22 Sep, with winds of 30-40 mph and about 0.75
in. of rain in the Johnson City area. But no unusual birds associated with Hugo were
found, unlike areas directly in its path. Cold fronts on 23 Sep (immediately after
Hugo), 5 Oct, 14-15 Oct, and 15-16 Nov produced good movments of birds.

There seemed to be more “lows” than “highs” among migrants this season. High
lake levels covered shoreline habitat resulting in low numbers of wading birds and
shorebirds at traditional sites. However, one set of farm ponds at Limestone, in
Washington Co., had a good variety of shorebirds for the northeast comer of the
region. A good flight of cormorants was noted. Waterfowl were scarce everywhere,
perhaps partly due to the generally mild conditions. Also, measures for the “control
of water weeds on Chickamauga Lake certainly didn’t enhance conditions for
feeding coots, grebes, and waterfowl.” Raptors received little comment. The
warbler flight was considered poor by several observers. The Oct cold snaps forced
many passerine migrants to move on, but a suprising number of lingerers were
found, especially in the Johnson City area. A modest influx of boreal invaders
appeared. And, as usual, a few rarities were reported.

Two banding stations were operated, both for their tenth fall season. Rain
hampered activities at both sites. At Norris, Chuck Nicholson banded from 19 Aug
to 1 1 Nov. Days of operation (23), net-hours (503), and number of birds banded
(377) were all below average. The capture rate was the lowest ever. Habitat
alteration was partly to blame, but a poor flight was evident. At Austin Springs,
Rick Knight ran mist nets on 32 days (near average) from 8 Sep to 3 1 Oct. The
capture rate during Sep was very low, but a major surge of sparrows and goldfinches
in late Oct brought the overall rate back up near the long-term average. He banded
645 birds, the second highest ever, of 46 species.

Many other interesting observations are reported below.

Loon-Heron : Common Loon: 15 Aug (1) CHL (Albert M. Jenkins), unseasonably
early; 5 Oct (1) CHL (DCC), more normal arrival; 12 Nov (50) TEL (fide J.B.
Owen), max; 15 Nov (33) BOL (RLK). Pied-billed Grebe: 24 Aug (1) BLV (BGM),
ers. Homed Grebe: 22 Oct (1) TEL (ARH, RDH), ers; 23 Nov (68) CHL (KHD,
LHD), max. Double-crested Cormorant: good showing; 18 Aug (2) HRA (Albert
M. Jenkins); 9 Sep (3) NIL (RJH); present mid-Sep-EOP (max 6 on 16 Sep by JAK)
Fort Loudoun Lake, KNC & TEL (KNX TOS); 19 Sep-11 Oct (1-5) AUS (RLK et al.);
4 Oct (2) BOL (Martha Dillenbeck); 5 Oct- 14 Nov (1-2) Davy Crockett Lake,
Greene Co. (Jim Holt et al.); 20 Oct (39) CRL, Hawkins Co. portion (DCC); 21 Oct
(38) CHL (CDB); 12 Nov (6) NIL (RJH); 28 Nov (1) BOL (RLK). American
Bittern: 2 Nov (1) TCA (BLC), only report. Great Egret: 3-25 Aug (1-4) CRL
(DCC); 8 Aug-18 Sep (1) AUS (RLK et al.); 21 Aug-21 Sep (1) BLV (BGM); 23 Aug
-20 Sep (1) SAB (KHD, LHD); 5 Sep (5) Fort Loudoun Lake, KNC (Paul S. Pardue);
max of 32 on 16 Sep at Rankin’s Bottom, Cocke Co. (JAK). Little Blue Heron: 18 Aug-
2 Sep (1) KSP (KHD, LHD); 25 Aug-16 Sep (1-6) BLV (BGM); 1 Sep (10) SAB
(KHD). Cattle Egret: 2 Aug (1) CRL, Grainger Co. portion (DCC); 31 Aug (1) LST
(BLC). Black-crowned Night Heron: 22 Aug (30) Boone Dam, Sullivan Co. and
WGC (BLC); 26 Aug (10) KSP (KHD, LHD); 15 Aug-9 Oct (1-4) AUS (RLK).

18

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 22 Aug (1) JNC (Richard Lura); 22 Aug/ 16 Sep
(1/3) BLV (BGM); 29 Sep-2 Oct (1) CHA (KHD).

Waterfowl : Tundra Swan: 24 Nov (4) flying over Greeneville (Thomas and Lucy
Webster). Snow Goose (blue morph): 4 Nov (1) HRA (LHD et al.); 12 Nov (1) NIL
(RJH). Green-winged Teal: 4 Nov (300) HRA (LHD et al.), max. American Black
Duck: 30 Nov (355) HRA (TWRA), max. Blue-winged Teal: 29 Aug (42) AUS
(RLK), max. Gadwall: 30 Nov (277) HRA (TWRA), max. American Wigeon: 30 Nov
(83) HRA (TWRA), max. Canvasback: 10 Nov (1) HRA (KHD, LHD); 1 1/24 Nov
(29/25) NIL (Tommie Rogers/RJH), only reports. Redhead: 23 Nov (15) CHL
(KHD, LHD), max. Ring-necked Duck: 10 Nov (333) HRA (KHD, LHD), max.
Hooded Merganser: 18 Aug (1) KSP (KHD, LHD), ers; 26 Nov (160) HRA (KHD),
max. Common Merganser: 28 Nov (1) BOL (RLK), only report.

Vulture-Crane : Turkey Vulture: 6 Nov (150 migrating in rain) NOR (CPN).
ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK: 28 Oct (1 light morph) Jasper, Marion Co. (Lenny
Kafka). Merlin: 27 Oct (1) TCA (BLC). Peregrine Falcon: 4 Nov (1 ad, 1 im) HRA
(LHD et al.). Virginia Rail: 4-5 Oct (1) AUS (RLK). Common Moorhen: 28 Aug-1
Sep/24 Sep-7 Oct (1 ad) AUS (BLC/RLK); 16-19 Sep, 3 Nov (1) BLV (BGM et al.);
3 Nov (1 im) BOL (BLC, Frank Ward). Sandhill Crane: 4 Nov-EOP (34 reports
totaling 2386 cranes, with some duplication likely) 9 counties along the usual
migration route but with most reports coming from the CHA area (fide KHD, CPN);
the peak flights came in mid- to late Nov, see also winter report.

Shorebirds : Black-bellied Plover: 18 Oct (3) AUS (RLK), 6th JNC area record,
only report. Lesser Golden Plover: 9-10 Oct (1) AUS (RLK), 8th JNC area record
(found 5 of last 6 years, all records since 1979); 5 Nov (2) HRA, Bradley Co. portion
(KHD, LHD). Piping Plover: 3-4 Sep (1) KSP (Bob Collier, KHD, LHD). Greater
Yellowlegs: 20 Nov (3) WGC (BLC), record late by 4 days in JNC area; 26 Nov
(1) HRA (KHD, LHD), lrs. Lesser Yellowlegs: 30 Sep (28) LST (RLK, JWB), max.
Sanderling: 20-29 Aug (1-2) LST (BLC, SG, RLK); 2-13 Sep (1-3) KSP (KHD,
LHD, RJH, DCC). Semipalmated Sandpiper: 4 Nov (4) HRA (LHD et al.), lrs.
Western Sandpiper: 18-23 Aug (1-2) LST (BLC, RLK); 19 Aug-13 Sep (1-4) KSP
(KHD, LHD); 20-24 Aug (1-4) EBF (DJS, RRS). Least and Pectoral Sandpipers:
widespread, but in very low numbers. White-rumped Sandpiper: no reports. Baird’s
Sandpiper: 10 Aug (1) EBF (DJS, RRS); 3-13 Sep (3) KSP (Bob Collier, KHD,
LHD, RJH, DCC). Dunlin: 9-18 Oct (1-8) AUS (RLK, BLC, JWB); 15 Oct (2)
HRA (KHD, LHD), ers at CHA area wintering areas. Stilt Sandpiper: 1 Aug (1)
EBF (CPN, DJS); 29 Aug-1 Sep (1) LST (RLK); 31 Aug-2 Sep (1) BOL (BLC);
2-13 Sep (1-3) KSP (KHD, LHD, RJH, DCC). Short-billed Dowitcher: 20 Aug (2)
EBF (DJS, RRS); 2-12 Sep (1-3) KSP (KHD, LHD, RJH, DCC). Dowitcher
species: 10 Oct (4) AUS (BLC). Common Snipe: 26 Sep (2) AUS (RLK), ers.
American Woodcock: 27 Nov (1) Greene Co. (Jim Holt). Wilson’s Phalarope:
19-26 Aug (1) LST (BLC, RLK, et al.), 5th JNC area record.

Gull-Humingbird : Ring-billed Gull: 25 Sep (1) AUS (RLK), ers. Caspian Tern:
2-12 Sep (1-3) KSP (KHD, LHD, RLH); 4 Sep (4) SAB (KHD, LHD); 12 Sep (9)
AUS (RLK); 23 Sep (4) BOL (JWB); 25-26 Sep (2) AUS (RLK, SG). Common
Tern: 4 Sep (1) KSP (KHD, LHD). Forster’s Tern: 24 Aug (2) BOL (RLK); 14 Sep
(1) AUS (RLK); 1 Oct (20) BOL (FJA); 4 Nov (1) HRA (ARH, LHD, Johnny T.
Parks). Black Tem: 20 Aug (5) John Sevier Steam Plant, Hawkins Co. (Phine and

1990

THE SEASON

19

Orland Britton, Linda Northrop et al.); 24 Aug (6) BOL (RLK); 1 Sep (1) AUS
(BLC); 4 Sep (1) KSP (KHD, LHD). Bam Owl: 12 Aug (2 fledged yg) Ware
Branch, HLC (KHD, LHD); 14 Aug (1) near JNC (Cat Bireley); 11, 18 Nov (2)
Pikeville, Bledsoe Co. (RJH, DRJ et al.); 12-18 Nov (1) railroad underpass on
Carter’s Valley Road, Sullivan Co. (Dan Nieves); fresh pellets regularly collected
at Veteran’s Administration campus, JNC (fide FJA). Common Nighthawk: 2 Oct
(150 migrating on first clear evening after several rainy days) JNC (RLK), large
number for date; 27 Oct (1) KNX (Bettie Mason); 31 Oct (1) Bristol (BLC), lrs.
Chimney Swift: 23 Oct (1) JNC (RLK), 1 day short of tying record late date in JNC
area; 28 Nov (4) CHA (CDB), extremely late. For this last record, was a western
vagrant considered? As with hummingbirds, Empidonax flycatchers, and some
other groups late fall and winter records should not be assumed to be the eastern
representative of that group. RUFOUS HUMMINGBIRD: 26 Sep-EOP (1 ad male)
CHA (fide KHD), at same feeder where 1 wintered last year.

Flycatcher-Vireo : Great Crested Flycatcher: 8-18 Sep (2,1 b) AUS (RLK), lrs.
Homed Lark: 6 Sep (47) LST (BLC); 1 1 Nov (50) Sequatchie Valley, Marion Co.
(RJH, DRJ). Tree Swallow: 28 Nov (1) CHA (CDB), lrs. Bank Swallow: 30 Sep
(1) AUS (RLK, JWB), record late by 15 days in JNC area. Red-breasted Nuthatch:
24 Sep (2) KNC (James Campbell et al.), ers; scattered low numbers afterwards.
House Wren: 14 Nov (2) AUS (RLK), lrs. Winter Wren: 7 Oct (1) AUS (RLK),
ers. Sedge Wren: 5 Sep (1) TCA (BLC), only report. Marsh Wren: 24 Sep-3
Oct/23-24 Oct/31 Oct (1-3, 1 b/1/1 b) AUS (RLK); 5 Oct (2) TCA (BLC); 4 Nov
(1) near NIL (DCC). Golden-crowned & Ruby-crowned Kinglets: very numerous
in JNC area from mid-Oct to EOP (fide RLK). Blue-gray Gnatcatcher: 29 Nov (1)
KNC (Paul S. Pardue), lrs. Veery: 15 Oct (1) JNC (SG), lrs. Swainson’s Thrush:
24 Sep (24) KNC Fall Count (fide CPN), max. Gray Catbird: 13 Nov (1) Telford,
WGC (RLK), lrs. Water Pipit: 2 Oct-EOP (3-25) AUS (RLK). White-eyed Vireo:
24 Oct (1 b) AUS (RLK), lrs. Warbling Vireo: 24 Sep (1) KNX (James Campbell,
Betty Reid Campbell), seldom seen in fall. Red-eyed Vireo: 30 Oct (1) JNC (SG),
ties record late date in JNC area, lrs.

Warblers’. Tennessee Warbler: 24 Oct (2) AUS (RLK), lrs. Orange-crowned
Warbler: 7 Oct (2) Harrison, HLC (CDB, Johnny T. Parks); 15 Oct (1) near
Crossville (CPN, ARH); 24 Oct (1 b) AUS (RLK); 14 Nov (1) AUS (RLK).
Nashville Warbler: 23 Oct (1) AUS (RLK), lrs. Yellow Warbler: 2 Oct (1 b) AUS
(RLK), lrs. Magnolia Warbler: 14 Nov (1) AUS (RLK), ties record late date in JNC
area, lrs. Cape May Warbler: 24 Oct (1) JNC (SG), lrs. Yellow-rumped Warbler:
5 Oct (2) AUS (RLK), ers, slightly later than average. Palm Warbler: thru EOP at
AUS (RLK), lrs. Bay-breasted Warbler: 23 Oct (1) JNC (SG), lrs. BLACKPOLL
WARBLER: 28 Sep (1 b) AUS (RLK), rare in fall. Cerulean Warbler: 9 Oct (1 b)
NOR (CPN), seldom encountered in fall. Ovenbird: 15 Oct (1) JNC (SG), lrs.
Northern Waterthrush: 7 Sep- 10 Oct (8 b) AUS (RLK). Louisiana Waterthrush: 24 Sep
(1) KNC (ARH, Ron Hoff, Gay Morton), very seldom seen past mid- Aug. Con-
necticut Warbler: 28 Sep (lb) AUS (RLK), only report. Mourning Warbler: 13 Sep
(1 b) AUS (RLK), only report. Common Yellowthroat: 30 Oct (1) AUS (RLK), lrs.
Wilson’s Warbler: no reports, which is unusual.

Bunting-Grosbeak : Indigo Bunting: 28 Nov (1) Conklin, WGC (fide FJA), lrs.
Vesper Sparrow: 24, 31 Oct (1) AUS (RLK); 1 Nov (2) BLV (BGM). Savannah

20

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

Sparrow: 20 b at AUS was above average (RLK). Grasshopper Sparrow: 25 Sep
(1) AUS (RLK), lrs. SHARP-TAILED SPARROW: 30 Oct (1) AUS (RLK); 2 Nov
(1) TCA (BLC); 8th & 9th records in JNC-Elizabethton area. Fox Sparrow: 18 Oct
(1 b) AUS (RLK), ers. Lincoln’s Sparrow: 30 Sep-25 Oct (10 b) AUS (RLK); 22 Oct
(1) CHA (RJH). Swamp Sparrow: record high 93 b at AUS (RLK). White-crowned
Sparrow: 24 Oct (1 ad Gambel’s race, b & ph) AUS (RLK). LAPLAND LONGSPUR:
4 Nov (1) UT Plant Science Farm, KNC (DJS); 11 Nov (1) Sequatchie Valley,
Marion Co. (RJH, DRJ), in a flock of Homed Larks, only the second record in CHA
area. Bobolink: 12 Sep (60) LST (FJA), max. Purple Finch: rather scarce again this
fall. Pine Siskin: ers, 27 Oct (1) Signal Mountain, HLC (Jonnie Sue Lyons), 28 Oct
(10/4) NOR/ AUS (CPN/RLK), 3 Nov (12) Greenville (Phine Britton); widespread
in low numbers. Evening Grosbeak: no reports.

Locations : AUS- Austin Springs, Washington Co.; BLV-Brainerd Levee, Hamilton
Co.; BOL-Boone Lake, Sullivan & Washington Cos.; CHA-Chattanooga; CHL-
Chickamauga Lake, Hamilton Co.; CRL-Cherokee Lake, Grainger, Hamblen, &
Hawkins Cos.; EBF-Eagle Bend Fish Hatchery, Anderson Co.; HLC-Hamilton
Co.; HRA-Hiwassee River Area, primarily Meigs Co., but also Bradley, McMinn &
Rhea Cos.; JNC- Johnson City; KNC-Knox Co.; KNX-Knoxville; KSP-Kingston
Steam Plant, Roane Co.; LST-Limestone, Washington Co.; NIL-Nickajack Lake,
Marion Co.; NOR-Norris, Anderson Co.; SAB- Savannah Bay, Hamilton Co.;
TCA-Tri-cities Airport, Sullivan Co.; TEL-Tellico Lake, Monroe Co.; WGC-
Washington Co.

RICHARD L. KNIGHT, 804 North Hills Dr., Johnson City, TN 37604.

EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION — The meteorological event of the period
for the region was the passing of the remnants of Hurricane Hugo through NE
Tennessee on 22 Sep. The storm passed over Watauga Lake at 10 AM leaving a
mix of petrel, jagers, gulls and terns that was astounding for an inland montain area.
Hugo packed winds up to 40 mph and, in some areas, dropped up to 3 in of rain.

There was 16.2 in. of precipitation for the four month period which was 4.4 in.
above normal for the Aug through Nov months. Sep’s 6.95 in of precipitation made
it the second wettest Sep on record.

Most waterfowl and hawks were at normal levels. There were no shorebird
reports, lake levels were high. “Spotted thrushes” were scarce except for the
Hermit. Warblers were found in fair numbers, but no big waves.

Loon-Duck: Red-throated Loon: 2 Nov (1) SHL (BLC). Common Loon: 25 Sep
(3) WTL (fide FJA), ers, earlier than usual; 2/20 Nov (45/48) SHL (BLC), max.
Pied-billed Grebe: 26 Aug (2) ELI (HPL), ers. Homed Grebe: 24 Oct (1) /12 Nov
(9) SHL (BLC). Double-crested Cormorant: 25-30 Sep (1) WTL (GOW, RDL et
al.); 24 Oct and 3 Nov (1) SHL (BLC); 27 Oct (1) GSMNP, flying over Chimneys
(DJS, David A. Etnier). Storm-petrel species: 22 Sep (1) WTL (*BLC), about 3rd
state record. Little Blue Heron: 10 Aug (1 im) RNC (BLC). Green-backed Heron:
4 Nov (1) WTR (CFW), lrs. Black-crowned Night Heron: 24 Sep (1) RNC (FJA).
Snow Goose: 19 Nov (3 blue, 1 white morph) TEL (RDH, ARH, et al.). Green-
winged Teal: 16 Oct (2) WTR (FJA); 16 Nov (2) WTR (RLK), only reports. Am.
Black Duck: 7 Nov (2) WIL (FJA); 22 Nov (10) SHL (BLC), only reports.
Blue-winged Teal: 16 Oct (3) WIL (FJA), lrs. Am. Wigeon: 22 Oct (1) WIL (JWB),

1990

THE SEASON

21

only report. Ring-necked Duck: 16 Nov (18) SHL (BLC), max. Greater Scaup: 6 Nov
(2) SHL (BLC), only report. Lesser Scaup: 8 Nov (176) SHL (BLC), max; 10 Nov
(30) WTL (GWS, CFW). White-winged Scoter: 13 Nov (7) SHL (BLC); 16-18 Nov
(1 f) Cades Cove, GSMNP, Blount Co. (DCC, RDH, ARH). Bufflehead: 17 Nov
(170) SHL (BLC), max; max of 60 on WIL in Nov (LHTOS). Hooded Merganser:
30 Sep (1) WTL (GOW, RDL, HPL, CFW, JB), record early by 1 day, only report.
Common Merganser: 17 Nov (1) SHL (BLC), only report. Red-breasted Mer-
ganser: 13 Nov (46) SHL (BLC), only report. Ruddy Duck: 25 Oct-7 Nov (1) SHL
(BLC), only report.

Hawk-Tern : Osprey: several reports late Sep to early Oct, WTL (LHTOS).
MISSISSIPPI KITE: 24 Sep (1) Look Rock, Blount Co. (ARH, Gay Morton). Bald
Eagle: 29 Jul (1 ad) TEL (RDH, ARH, CPN); 17 Sep (1 im) Look Rock, Blount
Co. (RDH, ARH), migrating; Sep-EOP (1 im) TEL (RDH, ARH, et al.); 30 Sep (1 ad)
WTL (GOW, RDL, HPL, CFW, JB); 25 Oct (1 im) SHL (BLC, JWB); 2-22 Nov
(1 ad) SHL (BLC, RLK). Northern Harrier: 2 Sep (1) RNM (Rick A. Phillips); 19 Nov
(1) TEL (ARH, et al.). Merlin: 30 Sep (1) Blue Springs, Carter Co. (GOW, RDL,
HPL, CFW, JB). Red-shouldered Hawk: no reports. Sora: 30 Sep (1) Erwin, Unicoi
Co. (SG, GWS, BLC); 4 Oct (1) Round Bald, RNM (EHS), very unusual high
elevation record. POMARINE JAEGER: 22-23 Sep (1 ad, 1 im) WTL (*BLC, m. ob.).
PARASITIC JAEGER: 22-23 Sep (1 ad) WTL (*BLC, m. ob.). Jaeger species: 22 Sep
(4) WTL (*BLC). LAUGHING GULL: 22-23 Sep (6/1) WTL (BLC, m.ob.), 2nd
WTL record, 3rd ELI record. Bonaparte’s Gull: 3-14 Nov (8) SHL (BLC). Ring-
billed Gull: 17 Nov (210) SHL (BLC), max. Herring Gull: 22-30 Sep (2-1) WTL
(BLC, m.ob.), ers. LESSER BLACK BACKED GULL: 22 Sep (1 ad) RNC (*HPL,
BLC, CFW, MD), 1st state record. ROYAL TERN: 22 Sep (2) RNC (*HPL, BLC,
CFW, MD), 1st state record. The records in capital letters above are the result of
Hurricane Hugo, records pending approval by the certification comm.; details to
be published. Common Tern: 22-24 Sep (1-2) WTL (BLC, m.ob.). Forster’s Tern:
22-24 Sep (50+) WTL (BLC, m.ob.); 20 Oct (3) and 7 Nov (7) SHL (BLC), latest
area record by 10 days. Black Tern: 22 Sep (10) WTL (BLC), only report.

Swift- War bier. Chimney Swifts: 24 Oct (1) ELI (GOW), Irs, ties area record late
date. RUFOUS HUMMINGBIRD: 25 Nov-EOP (1 ad, male) Unicoi, Unicoi Co.
(LHTOS), present at feeder since early Oct, ph, 3rd local record. Yellow-bellied
Sapsucker: 3 Oct (1) ELI (HPL), ers. Purple Martin: 30 Sep (6) WTL (GOW, RDL,
HPL, CFW, JB), lrs, very late. Common Raven: 30 Sep (3) and 16 Oct (2) WIL
(GOW, RDL, et al./ FJA); 29 Oct (2) SHL (RPL). Red-breasted Nuthatch: 23 Sep

(1) RNC (LHTOS), earliest low elevation record; 1-4 regular on RNM (RLK).
Winter Wren: 5 Oct (1) ELI (HPL), earliest low elevation record. Sedge Wren: 30 Sep

(2) Erwin (GWS, SG, BLC). Marsh Wren: 30 Sep (1) WIL (GOW, RDL, HPL,
CFW, JB); 30 Sep (1) Heaton Cr., RNM (FJA). House Wren: 19 Nov (1) TEL
(ARH, et al.), lrs. Gray Catbird: 29 Oct (1) SHL (RPL), lrs. Solitary Vireo: 24 Oct
(1) SHL (BLC), lrs. Philadelphia Vireo: 9 Sep (1) RMSP (LHTOS). Blue-winged
Warbler: 9 Sep (1) RNM (GOW); 26 Sep (1) ELI (HPL). Magnolia Warbler: 31 Aug
(1) ELI (HPL), ers, record early by 4 days. Blackpoll Warbler: 3 Oct (1) ELI (HPL),
only report. Prothonotary Warbler: 24 Oct (1) SHL (BLC), only report, late record
by 5 days. Worm-eating Warbler: 9 Sep (1) RMSP (RLK), lrs. Mourning Warbler:
5 Oct (3) BUF (BLC).

22

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

Tanager-Grosbeak : Scarlet Tanager: 24 Oct (1) SHL (BLC), lrs, late. Rose-
breasted Grosbeak: 24 Oct (1) SHL (BLC), lrs. Chipping Sparrow: 30 Nov (1)
Unicoi (RLK), lrs. Vesper Sparrow: 9 Sep (1) Round Bald, RNM (RLK, Bill
Yambert); 25 Oct (1) SHL (BLC, JWB), only reports. Eastern Meadowlark: 4 Oct
(1) Round Bald, RNM (EHS), unusual there. Purple Finch: 28 Oct (1) SHL (RPL),
ers, only ones and twos after that. Red Crossbill: 27 Oct (3) and 20 Nov (15) SHL
(BLC); 9 Nov (2 fem, 1 im) Cobbly Knob, Sevier Co. (FJA). Pine Siskin: 27 Oct
(200) BUF (RLK), ers, max; numerous reports after that of small numbers. Evening
Grosbeak: 2 Nov (10) SHL (BLC), only report.

Locations: BUF-Buffalo Mt., Washington Co.; ELI-Elizabethton, Carter Co.;
RMSNP-Roan Mt. State Park, Carter Co.; RNC-Roan Creek section of Watauga
Lake, Johnson Co.; RNM-Roan Mt., Carter Co.; SHL-South Holston Lake area,
Sullivan Co.; WIL- Wilbur Lake, Carter Co.; WTL- Watauga Lake; WTR-
Watauga River area, Carter Co.

RICHARD P. LEWIS, 407 V.I. Ranch Rd., Bristol, TN 37620

OBSERVERS

JCA — Jan C. Alexander
DPB — Dianne P. Bean
CDB — C. Del Blum
JB — Janet Brown
CHB — Carolyn H. Bullock
BBC — Ben B. Coffey, Jr.

WJC — William J. Cowart
BLC — Brian L. Cross
KHD — Kenneth H. Dubke
MD — Martha Dillenbeck
MAG — Mark A. Greene
AHH — Anne H. Heilman
MDH — Marguerite D. Hernandez
RDH — Ron D. Hoff
RLK — Richard L. Knight
HPL — Howard P. Langridge
RPL — Richard P. Lewis
OBL — O. Bedford Lochridge
RDL — Richard D. Lura
BGM — Barbara G. McMahan
FNM — F. Nicky Medley
GRP — George R. Payne
MRR — Martha R. Ramey
ELR — Erma L. Rogers
DJS — Damien J. Simbeck
RWS — Richard W. Simmers, Jr.
GWS — Glen W. Swofford
MGW — Martha G. Waldron
GOW — Gary O. Wallace
BHW — Barbara H. Wilson

TWRA — Tennessee

FJA — Fred J. Alsop

GBB — Gil B. Beaver

DWB — Donald W. Blunk

JWB — James W. Brooks

DCC — David C. Chaffin

LCC — Lula C. Coffey

WGC — William G. Criswell

DLD — Donald L. Davidson

LHD — Lillian H. Dubke

MLG — Murray L. Gardner

SG — Sally Goodin

RJH — R. John Henderson

ARH — Audrey R. Hoff

DRJ — Daniel R. Jacobson

JAK — J. Anthony Koella

JLL — Joe L. Levy

SLL — Selma L. Lewis

RWL — Ruth W. Luckado

MLM — Margaret L. Mann

RVM — Ruth V. McMillan

CPN — Charles P. Nicholson

WRP — W. Robert Peeples

VBR — Virgina B. Reynolds

EHS — Ed H. Schell

RRS — Regina R. Simbeck

NMS — Noreen M. Smith

DFV — David F. Vogt

JEW — James E. Waldron

CFW — C. Frank Ward

LHTO — Lee R. Herndon Chapter TOS

dlife Resources Agency

The Migrant , 61(l):23-40, 1990

1990 MEMBERSHIP LIST
TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY

ABERNATHY, Mrs. Frances, 1106 Gale Lane, Nashville, TN 37204

ADAMS, Dr. & Mrs. H. Garrett, 2975 Lexington Road, Louisville, KY 40206

ADAMS, M/M John, Apt. 35-C, 7700 Gleason Road, Knoxville, TN 37919

ADAMS, Mrs. Paul, P. 0. Box 3175, Crab Orchard, TN 37723

ALEXANDER, M/M David, 3326 Love Circle, Nashville, TN 37212

ALLEN, Mr. Joe D., 2915 Rossview Road, Clarksville, TN 37043

ALSOP, III, Dr. Fred J., East TN State Univ., PO Box 23,

590A, Biological Sciences Dept., Johnson City, TN 37614-0002
AMMANN, Dr. & Mrs. George A., Route 2, Box 380A, Erwin, TN 37650
ANDERSON, M/M Bruce, Route 8, Box 521, Crossville, TN 38555
ANDERSON, M/M Clyde D., 1214 McGavock Pike, Nashville, TN 37216
ANDERSON, M/M Lloyd D., 8237 Roy Lane, Ooltewah, TN 37363
ANSLEY, Mrs. Jack, 5052 Lakeview Drive, Nashville, TN 37220
ANSLEY, Mrs. Mildred, 5052 Lakeview Drive, Nashville, TN 37220
APPLEBAUM, M/M Steve, 7424 George Gaines Road, Nashville, TN 37221
ARDOVINO, Ms. Patricia 689 Tanglewood, Memphis, TN 38104
ARMENTROUT, M/M Herbert, Rt. 6, Box 93, Jonesboro, TN 37659
ARMOUR, Ms. LaJune, 6566 Stewart Road, Arlington, TN 38002
ARMSTRONG, Laurie N., 1118 Allen Avenue, Knoxville, TN 37912
ARMSTRONG, Mr. Mark W., 1232 Wallingford Road, Knoxville, TN 37923
ASHLEY, Mrs. Joda, 206 Signal View St., Chattanooga, TN 37415
ATTKISSON, Muriel, 201 First Avenue, Mt. Pleasant, TN 38474
AUGUSTIN, M/M Anthony J., Route #1, Box 54A, Loretto, TN 38469
BAIN, Mrs. Robert L., 306 Castle Heights Avenue, Lebanon, TN 37087
BAISDEN, M/M Frank, Rt. 2, Box 10, Rising Fawn, GA 30738
BAKER, Mr. Duane E. 1415 Leafhaven Cove, Cordova, TN 38018
BAKER, Ms. Willa B., 310 Chilhowee Drive, Knoxville, TN 37914
BALE, Ms. Eleanor E., 1620 Hickory Valley Road, Lebanon, TN 37087
BALES, Mr. Stephen L., 1801 Kemper Lane, Knoxville, TN 37920
BARBER, Neal & Linda, 27 Dogwood Drive, Jackson, TN 38305
BARNWELL, M/M James R., 3308 Navajo Dr., Chattanooga, TN 37411
BASHAM, Mr. Benton, P. 0. Box 5, Ooltewah, TN 37363
BATES, Mrs. John, 3314 West End, Apt. #601, Nashville, TN 37203
BEAN, Mrs. Dianne P., Apt. 401, University Towers,

1387 Central Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104-4847
BEAN, Dr. William J., 1775 Forrest Avenue, Memphis, TN 38112-3721
BEAVER, M/M Gilbert, 293 Riley Road, Hernando, MS 38632
BECK, Ms. Dorothy, 408 Chesterfield, Nashville, TN 37212
BEINTEMA, M/M William, 3311 Mt. Vernon Dr., Knoxville, TN 37920-3730
BELL, M/M David, 6581 Hickory Brook Road, Chattanooga, TN 37421
BELL, Sr., Mrs. William F., 4307 Glen Eden Drive, Nashville, TN 37205
BENNETT, Nancy, 191 Stradford, Jackson, TN 38305
BENTLEY, Maj.& Mrs. William, 606 Julian Road, Chattanooga, TN 37421
BERG, Ms. Sara L., Route 3, Spring Valley Drive, Columbia, TN 38401
BERRY, M/M Vernon C., 1255 Highway 109 North, Lebanon, TN 37087
BEVERLEIN, Mr. Michael, Box 88, Loretto, TN 38469
BICKFORD, M/M Daniel, 2209 Shelby Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22901
BIRELEY, Mrs. Catherine Hawkins, Route 7, Box 336, Johnson City, TN 37601
BLACK, Mrs. Gladys, P. 0. Box 276, Pleasantvi l le, IA 50225
BLACK, Una E., 3019 Ozark Circle, Chattanooga, TN 37415

NASH

1966

HR

1989

KNOX

1989

KNOX

1957

NASH

1978

TAL

1972

TAL

1967

HERN

1987

CHAT

1987

NASH

1963

CHAT

1975

NASH

1990

NASH

1989

NASH

1990

MEM

1984

HERN

1976

MEM

1990

KNOX

1987

KNOX

1987

CHAT

1982

COL

1990

BR

1983

SEL

1968

CHAT

1973

MEM

1981

KNOX

1988

SEL

1990

KNOX

1988

JAC

1990

CHAT

1954

CHAT

1960

NASH

1981

MEM

1978

MEM

1978

MEM

1983

NASH

1980

KNOX

1985

CHAT

1986

NASH

1949

JAC

1990

CHAT

1989

COL

1984

SEL

1973

BR

1985

KNOX

1984

HERN

1977

CORR

1979

CHAT

1988

23

24

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

BLACKWELL, Mr. Gerry, 3900 Knight Arnold Road, Memphis, TN 38118
BLASICK, Mr. Hank J., One Wallace Road, Jackson, TN 38301
BLOHM, M/M Bruce, 2520 Crosswinds Lane, Chattanooga, TN 37421
BLUM, M/M Clyde Del, c\o McCallie School Infirmary,

2850 McCallie Avenue, Chattanooga, TN 37404
BORDERS, M/M Elzie, 1212 Choctow Trail, Brentwood, TN 37027
BOTTARI , M/M Michael, 208 Clearbrook Ct., Nashville, TN 37205
BOYD, M/M Gary J., 2616 Shoreline Drive, Knoxville, TN 37932
BOYLES, Mrs. Katherine K., Rt. 9, Box 186, Ringgold, GA 30736
BOYLES, M/M William E., 202 Bass Rd., Chattanooga, TN 37421
BRADSHAW, M/M Paul C.f P. 0. Box 21592, Chattanooga, TN 37421
BRAYDEN, Dr. & Mrs. Bob & Dea, 8011 Warner Road, Brentwood, TN 37027
BRIDGFORTH, Jr., Dr. William A., 705 East Holston
Avenue, Johnson City, TN 37601-4015
BRIDGMAN, Jane, 811 Brookhollow Road, Nashville, TN 37205
BRIGHT, Anne & George, 1408 Cinderella Road, Lookout Mtn., TN 37350
BRITTON, M/M Orland, 1750 Gott Drive, Greeneville, TN 37743
BRODA, M/M Rudolph, 5328 Briercliff Road, Knoxville, TN 37918
BROMLEY, Ms. Edith S., 8012 Savannah Lane W., Ooltewah, TN 37363
BROOKS, Mr. Franklin, 5025 Hillsboro Road, #22H, Nashville, TN 37215
BROOKS, Mr. James, Route 11, Box 33, Jonesboro, TN 37659
BROWN, Mr. Claude W., 3731 Charleston Square, Memphis, TN 38122
BROWN, M/M Elmo H., 3917 S. Mission Oaks Drive, Chattanooga, TN 37412
BROWN, Janet D., 3305 Pine Timbers, Johnson City, TN 37604
BROWN, Mrs. Norma, 123 Blackburn Avenue, Nashville, TN 37205
BROWN, Mr. Robert D., 123 Blackburn Avenue, Nashville, TN 37205
BROWN, Miss Winnifred E., 1436 Agawela Ave., Apt. I, Knoxville, TN 37919
BROWN, Jr., M/M Ralph T., 1272 Duane Road, Chattanooga, TN 37405
BROWNE, Mr. Robert Lee, 4015 N. Galloway Drive, Memphis, TN 38111
BROWNING, M/M J. C., 324 Carter Blvd., E l i zabethton, TN 37643
BROWNLEE, M/M Lyle, 308 Breckenridge Road, Franklin, TN 37064-5808
BRUHN-HAFNER, Mrs. Diana, 1607 Bartway, Murfreesboro, TN 37130
BRUNER, M/M John, Route 1, Box 54, Belvedere, TN 37306
BUCHANNON, Mr. Denny N., P. 0. Box 9166, University, MS 38677
BULLARD, Jr., M/M Ralph T., 6159 Ridge Way, Douglasvi lie, GA 30135
BULLOCK, M/M William 0., 4746 Cole Rd., Memphis, TN 38117
BUNDY, Mr. Sidney, 4208 Aberdeen Road, Nashville, TN 37205
BURDICK, Sandra K., P. O. Box 9093 Knoxville, TN 37940
BURKE, Mrs. Jackie C., Route 1, Concord Road, Brentwood, TN 37027
BURKHART M/M Patrick, 1118 Whitehall Street, Maryville, TN 37801
BURKHART, Dr. John M., 1125 Snowden, Knoxville, TN 37912
BURLESON, M/M Tom, Route 4, Willis Lake Rd., Winchester, TN 37398
BUTLER, M/M Dean, 306 Oak Park Drive, Tullahoma, TN 37388
BUTLER, M/M George E., 3212 Westonia Drive, Chattanooga, TN 37412-1361
BUTLER, M/M James M., 1926 Penwood Drive, Knoxville, TN 37922
BUTTRAM, M/M W. Rees, 1409 Winding Way, Chattanooga, TN 37405
BYASSEE, M/M Ed, Route 5, Hickory Hills Estates, Columbia, TN 38401
CALDWELL, M/M Ted, 505 W. Sunset Road, Lookout Mountain, TN 37350
CALLIS, Mrs. Jean, 1565 Walnut Grove Road, Lebanon, TN 37087
CAMERON, M/M Douglas W., Route 1, Box 171, Sewanee, TN 37375
CAMPBELL, M/M James M., 124 Dana Dr., Oak Ridge, TN 37830
CAMPBELL, Linda K., 2314 W. G Street, El izabethton, TN 37643
CAMPBELL, Mr. Robert F., P. 0. Box 571, Hixson, TN 37343
CAMPBELL, Jr., M/M Carl W., Rt. 1, Box 95-A, Birchwood, TN 37308

MEM 1990
JAC 1990
CHAT 1990

CHAT 1984
NASH 1987
NASH 1990
KNOX 1987
CHAT 1982
CHAT 1982
CHAT 1978
NASH 1990

HERN 1984
NASH 1983
CHAT 1989
GRE 1983
KNOX 1986
CHAT 1980
NASH 1990
HERN 1988
MEM 1980
CHAT 1977
HERN 1989
NASH 1987
NASH 1988
KNOX 1969
CHAT 1986
MEM 1977
HERN 1944
NASH 1985
MURF 1989
HR 1987
TAL 1969
CHAT 1960
MEM 1977
NASH 1990
KNOX 1989
NASH 1989
KNOX 1979
KNOX 1981
HR 1987
HR 1974
CHAT 1981
KNOX 1988
CHAT 1987
COL 1974
CHAT 1986
SEL 1988
CHAT 1982
KNOX 1962
HERN 1989
CHAT 1990
CHAT 1980

1990

MEMBERSHIP LIST

25

CAMPION, M/M Larry, 95 Whitfield Drive, Jackson, TN 38305

CANTRELL, Mr. James M., 1607 Georgetown Lane, Murfreesboro, TN 37130*1742

CANTRELL, M/M William F., 1682 Estate, Memphis, TN 38119

CARLOS, M/M Tio, Route 13, Box 234,

Bolton Circle, Greeneville, TN 37743
CARMACK, Dr. Dina V., 5704 Queen Aire Lane, Chattanooga, TN 37415
CARNEY, Mr. Frederick T., 1914 Overton Park Ave., Memphis, TN 38112
CARPENTER, M/M Edward L., P. 0. Box 19086, Little Rock, AR 72219
CARTER, Mr. Eddie H., 217 Claire Street, Rossville, GA 30741
CARTWRIGHT, Mrs. James B., 4533 Park Ave., Memphis, TN 38117
CARVER, M/M Kermit R., 5703 Cilia Road, Knoxville, TN 37920
CASEY, Mr. Robert T., 1752 Carlyle, Memphis, TN 38127
CASH, Mrs. Louise J., 1011 E. Dallas Rd., Chattanooga, TN 37405
CASSEL, Ms. Hazel K., 491 Hogan Road, Nashville, TN 37220
CASTLES, Miss Ruth, 5824 Beauregard Drive, Nashville, TN 37215
CHAFFIN, Dr. David, 1606 Everhart Drive NW, Cleveland, TN 37311-1523
CHASTAIN, M/M James D., 1121 Park City Road, Rossville, GA 30741
CHICKERING, Dr. Joanne, 14101 Winding Ridge Lane, Centreville, VA 22020
CHITWOOD, Dr. Howard, Rt. 3, Box 174, Jefferson City, TN 37760
CHRIETZBERG, Mrs. Bertha, 1715 Elrod, Murfreesboro, TN 37130
CHRISTMAN, Lucy, 727 Radford Place, Knoxville, TN 377917
CLAIBORNE, Mrs. Barbara T., Route 5, Box 695,

River Canyon Road, Chattanooga, TN 37405
CLARK, M/M E. Jack, 3390 Aust inwood Drive, Memphis, TN 38118
CLARK, Mr. Richard, Route 7, Box 297A, Lenoir City, TN 37771
CLARK, III, Dr. & Mrs. Robert, 2927 Ozark Road, Chattanooga, TN 37415
CLECKLEY, Mr. John E., P. 0. Box 632, Tullahoma, TN 37388
CLINE, Ms. Marilyn E., 8731 Wimbledon Drive, Knoxville, TN 37923
COATS, Jr., Dr. & Mrs. Fred H., 3621 Glendon Drive, Chattanooga, TN 37411
COBB, Mrs. David G., 6452 Tea Rose Terrace, Brentwood, TN 37027
COFFEY, Jr., Mr. Ben B., 672 N. Belvedere, Memphis, TN 38107
COFFEY, Jr., Mrs. Ben B., 672 N. Belvedere, Memphis, TN 38107
COFFEY, M/M J. Wallace, 100 Bellebrook Drive, Bristol, TN 37620
COLAW, Ms. Barbara L., 9116 Carlton Circle, Knoxville, TN 37922
COLE, III, Jewett, 2943 Invergarry Road, Memphis, TN 38128
COLE, Mr. Paul, 8520 Blanche Road, Ooltewah, TN 37363
COLEMAN, M/M 0. E., 1506 Bexhill Drive, Knoxville, TN 37922
COLLIER, Dr. Bob, 326 Granville Conner Road, Powell, TN 37849
COLLINS, Ms. Elizabeth C., 4400 Belmont Park Terrace,

#110, Nashville, TN 37215

COLLINS, Dr. & Mrs. John R., 2907 East Brow Road, Signal Mountain, TN 37377

COLLINS, M/M Mike, 2920 Bede, Memphis, TN 38128

CONDER, M/M John R., P. 0. Box 443, Camden, TN 38320

CONRAD, M/M Herbert C., 6340 Fairest Drive, Harrison, TN 37341

COOKSEY, Mr. George, 2407 Braxton Bragg, Murfreesboro, TN 37129

COOPER, M/M James H., 41 D Street, S. E., Washington, DC 20003

COOPER, Jr., M/M Brainard, 176 Ridge Ave., Chattanooga, TN 37404

CORE, Mr. Andrew, 5612 N. Century Court, Knoxville, TN 37919

COSNER, Jr., C. Kinian, 3818 West End Avenue, #302, Nashville, TN 37205-246 7

COTTRELL, M/M Otey, 212 Lynnview Ave., Knoxville, TN 37918

COUCH, Sr., Mrs. Clay, 105 S. Tarver Avenue, Lebanon, TN 37087

COUNCE, Mr. Howard A., 1469 Whiting St., Memphis, TN 38117

COUNTS, Mrs. Henry, 519 West Spring Street, Lebanon, TN 37087

COURT, M/M Charles, 9327 River Bluff Rd., Millington, TN 38053

MEM 1985
MURF 1973
MEM 1986

GRE 1984
CHAT 1989
MEM 1934
MEM 1960
CHAT 1988
MEM 1973
KNOX 1988
MEM 1981
CHAT 1982
NASH 1990
NASH 1952
CHAT 1985
CHAT 1983
MEM 1978
KNOX 1975
MURF 1971
MURF 1989

CHAT 1982
MEM 1975
KNOX 1985
CHAT 1986
HR 1979
KNOX 1981
CHAT 1984
NASH 1978
MEM 1926
MEM 1931
BRI 1959
KNOX 1987
MEM 1988
CHAT 1986
KNOX 1987
KNOX 1986

NASH 1981
CHAT 1989
MEM 1986
TAL 1959
CHAT 1989
MURF 1990
TAL 1986
CHAT 1978
KNOX 1987
NASH 1984
KNOX 1985
SEL 1959
MEM 1937
SEL 1980
MEM 1987

26

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

COWARD, Jr., Dr. & Mrs. Sam B., P. 0. Box 49456, Algood, TN 38501

COX, M/M Gordon, 105 Valleywood East, Collierville, TN 38017

COX, II, Dr. /Mrs. Clair E., 6011 Sweetbriar Cv., Memphis, TN 38119

COZART, Mrs. Dorothy Draughon, 4401 Scenic Drive, Nashville, TN 37204

CRAGIN, Jr., M/M Herbert E., Rt. 9, Box 74, Greeneville, TN 37743

CRAWFORD, M/M Paul, 211 Shetland Way, Greer, SC 29650

CRAWFORD, Capt. Robert L., P. O. Box 613, Hixson, TN 37343

CREECH, Miss Annella, 8 McKendree Circle, Hermitage, TN 37076

CREECH, Mr. Chris, 417 N. Perkins Road, Memphis, TN 38117

CRENSHAW, Ms. Camille, 865 Bellevue Road, Apt. C-9, Nashville, TN 37221

CRISWELL, Mr. William G., Route 4, Box 206, Dyersburg, TN 38024

CROSBY, Mrs. Ray, Rural Route 1, Midway, TN

CROSS, Mr. Brian, 1110 Edgewood Street, Johnson City, TN 37604

CROUCH, Jr., M/M Ed., Ill W. 99th Terrace, Kansas City, MO 64114

CROW, Ms. Ann L., 2712 Belcourt Avenue, Nashville, TN 37212

CROWELL, Mr. Larry, Route 2, Box 1940, Friendsvi lie, TN 37737

CUMMINS, Catherine & James, V. Remsen, Jr.,

Museum of Natural Sciences, LSU Baton Rouge, LA 70803
CUSHMAN, M/M George T., 117 Saligugi Way, Loudon, TN 37774
DAILY, Mrs. Dollyann, P. O. Box 171273, Memphis, TN 38187-1272
DARLINGTON, Dr. & Mrs. Julian T., 3112 Glenfinnan Road, Memphis, TN 38128
DAUGHERTY, Mr. Robert, 1013 Morrow Road, Knoxville, TN 37923
DAVANT, Miss Mary, 861 N. McLean Blvd., Memphis, TN 38107
DAVIDSON, Mr. Don, 1703 2nd Avenue, Manchester, TN 37355
DAVIS, Ms. Angela, 1715 Skyline Dr., Chattanooga, TN 37421
DAVIS, Eric & Sarah Anne, 1538 Lambuth Boulevard, Jackson, TN 38301
DAVIS, Marcia, 3450 Navigator Pointe, Knoxville, TN 37922
DAVIS, Ms. Marie H., 217 Claire Street, Rossville, GA 30741
DAVIS, M/M Robert L., 1915 Pine Ridge Road, Seymour, TN 37865
DEADERICK, M/M Ralph, 1220 Dogwood Drive, Kingston, TN 37763
DENT, Pamela J., 7647 Gann Road, Hixson, TN 37343
DETLEFSEN, Mrs. Fred, 204 West End Heights, Lebanon, TN 37087
DEVORE, Mr. Jon E., 206 N. McLean, Memphis, TN 38112-5319
DICKERSON, M/M Dellas K., 3862 Conahaney Trail, Chattanooga, TN 37406
DICKERSON, M/M Kenton, 22 Bell Flower Circle, Chattanooga, TN 37411-4205
DICKEY, Sr. Mrs. Ernest, 801 Prospect Avenue, Bristol, VA 24201
DIENER, Mr. Richard L., 9015 Ten Mile Road, #A-217, Knoxville, TN
DIETRICH, M/M Paul H., 3265 Needlewood Lane NW, Cleveland, TN 37311
DILBECK, M/M Stephen H. 1701 No. Concord Road, Apt. 41, Chattanooga, TN 37421
DILLEHAY, Dorris, 360 Roberts Drive, Columbia, TN 38401-4344
DILLENBECK, Mrs. Harold L., Rt. 19, Box 253, Johnson City, TN 37601
DILLON, Polly, 4735 Old Guinn Road, Knoxville, TN 37931
DINKELSPIEL, Mrs. Henry, 6519 Massey Lane, Memphis, TN 38119
DINSMORE, Mr. Michael 0., 2832 Jarman Hollow Road, Palmyra, TN 37142
DITTO, Mr. Billy J., 5685 Ingleside Drive, Horn Lake, MS 38637-3721
DODD, M/M Jack G., Route 2, Box 137, Buchanan, TN 38222-954 7
DORSEY, Ms. Marian R., 408 Chesterfield, Nashville, TN 37212
DOVE, Mrs. George, 1905 Knob Creek Road #4, Johnson City, TN 37601
DOWDY, Mrs. Quentin B., 3630 Sharpe Ave., Memphis, TN 38111
DOXSEY, Mr. Rodger S., P. O. Box 1867, Fairfield Glade, TN 38555
DOYLE, M/M Randall L., 207 Greenleaf St., Chattanooga, TN 37415
DRAKE, M/M Earl C., Route 3, Box 143, Hohenwald, TN 38462
DRIVER, Dr. Russell B., 433 McKaig Road, Murfreesboro, TN 37130
DUBKE, Mr. Kenneth H., 8139 Roy Lane, Ooltewah, TN 37363

TAL

1974

MEM

1984

Mem

1980

NASH

1968

GRE

1985

CORR

1967

CHAT

1981

NASH

1958

MEM

1984

NASH

1983

TAL

1977

GRE

1988

HERN

1988

BR

1987

NASH

1990

KNOX

1990

CORR

1983

KNOX

1990

MEM

1977

MEM

1965

KNOX

1990

MEM

1929

HR

1989

CHAT

1981

JAC

1990

KNOX

1976

CHAT

1984

KNOX

1988

KNOX

1986

CHAT

1989

SEL

1980

TAL

1966

CHAT

1974

CHAT

1986

BRI

1990

KNOX

1989

CHAT

1984

CHAT

1985

COL

1988

HERN

1964

KNOX

1990

MEM

1957

TAL

1973

MEM

1990

TAL

1990

NASH

1980

TAL

1966

MEM

1967

CUMB

1988

CHAT

1982

COL

1986

MURF

1984

CHAT

1957

1990

MEMBERSHIP LIST

27

DUBKE, Mrs. Lillian, 8139 Roy Lane, Ooltewah, TN 37363

DUCKWORTH, Dr. & Mrs. John K., 2586 Fogg Road, North, Nesbit, MS 38651

DUGGER, Mrs. Milbrey, 8 McKendree Circle, Hermitage, TN 37076

DUNCAN, M/M Hickman, 5406 Hill Road Circle, Nashville, TN 37220

DUNCAN, Sandra, 628 Timber Lake, Nashville, TN 37215

DURAND, Kemper & Lillian, 2454 Mackinnon, Memphis, TN 38119

DYE, Mrs. Jane, Route 2, Box 243, McDonald, TN 37353

DYER, Mr. Walt, 109 Hamilton Lane, Tullahoma, TN 37388

DeBERRY, Leona, 26 River Oaks Drive, Apt. D, Jackson, TN 38305

DeLOACH, M/M Allan, 5513 Meadow Glen Drive, Knoxville, TN 37919

DiMEMMO M/M Frank, 5400 Village Garden Road, Collegedale, TN 37363

EARNEST, Mrs. Charles E., 101 Old Indian Hill Trail, Greeneville, TN 37743

EASTMAN, Mr. Donald F., P. O. Box 2629, West Helena, AR 72390

EATON, M/M John W., Route 1, Box 32, Cleveland, TN 37311

EBERLE, III, M/M Joseph, 370 St. Andrew's Fairway, Memphis, TN 38111

EDDY, Ms. Pat, NO FORWARDING ADDRESS

EIKLOR, M/M John, Rt. 11, Box 178 Gray, TN 37615

ELLER, Mr. Glen D., 4619 Calvert Road, Huntsville, AL 35816

ELLIS, Martha W., 53 Steeple Chase Drive, Jackson, TN 38305

ELPHINGSTONE, Mr. Harold R., 2484 Black Fox Trail, East Point, GA 30344

ELY, Jr. M/M Robert G., 3230 Keller Bend Road, Knoxville, TN 37922

EMBURY, M/M John H., 212 North McLean Blvd., Memphis, TN 38112

ENDRES, M/M Robert O., 3710 Northwood Drive, Memphis, TN 38111

ERWIN, Jr., Mr. Billy H., Route 2, Box 187, Murfreesboro, TN 37129

EVANS, Dr. & Mrs. Hillis F., 421 Menees Lane, Madison, TN 37115

EWART, Mr. Jim, 5422 Sportsman Drive, Nesbit, MS 38651

EZELL, Elna C., P. O. Box 3072, Meridian, MS 39303

FARINASH, Mr. Jerry, 320 N. Holtxclaw Avenue, Chattanooga, TN 37404

FARMER, Mr. Bob, 4210 Lake Haven Lane, Chattanooga, TN 37416

FARRIS, Mrs. Carter M., 3695 Old Rome Pike, Lebanon, TN 37087

FARRIS, Miss Rachael, 4911 Sewanee Road, Nashville, TN 37220

FARTHING, Mr. Harry H., 100 Sherwood Heights, Elizabethton, TN 37643

FATHERA, Mrs. Bobby, 1024 Carter Lane, Mt. Juliet, TN 37122

FAULK, Ms. Julia Adams, Route 1, Box 206-A, Loudon, TN 37774

FEDAK, Mr. Andrew, Route 1, Box 174, Auburntown, TN 37016

FENNER, Mr. David K., P. O. Box 909, Elizabethton, TN 37643

FERGUSON, M/M James A., Iris Hill Farm,

5400 Kimbark Road, Memphis, TN 38134
FERRELL, Mrs. Benne, Rural Route 1, Box 198D, Centerville, TN 37033-9601
FIELD, Mr. Robert C., Thomas Weaver Road,

P. O. Box 66, Maynardvi lie, TN 37807
FI GAR I , Mr. Richard A., P. 0. Box 218055, Nashville, TN 37221-8055
FINCH, Dr. & Mrs. William C., 6024 Sherwood Drive, Nashville, TN 37215
FINNEY, M/M James, 5213 Whitehorse Rd., Knoxville, TN 37919
FINUCANE, Marion, 1434 Watauga St., Kingsport, TN 37660
FINUCANE, Mr. T. W., 1434 Watauga St., Kingsport, TN 37660
FISHER, M/M Frank L.f Box 1201, Morristown, TN 37814
FLEMING, Mrs. Gertrude L., P. 0. Box 613, Collegedale, TN 37315
FLOY, Mary Leigh & Kent, 4020 Niagra Cove, Memphis, TN 38125-2767
FLOYD, Ms. Marilyn, Route 2, Box 186A, Hillsboro, TN 37342
FORD, Mr. Bob, 1585 Hollywood, Apt. B23 Jackson, TN 38305
FOUTCH, M/M David, 181 Goshen Road, Lebanon, TN 37087
FOWLER, M/M Dale, Rt. #1, Box 331-2,

Mountain Road, Clinton, TN 37716

CHAT

1970

MEM

1988

NASH

1958

NASH

1978

NASH

1982

MEM

1990

CHAT

1989

HR

1988

JAC

1990

KNOX

1989

CHAT

1990

GRE

1973

MEM

1989

CHAT

1990

MEM

1990

MEM

1988

TAL

1976

HERN

1956

JAC

1990

MEM

1984

KNOX

1990

MEM

1961

MEM

1983

MURF

1973

NASH

1976

MEM

1984

CORR

1988

CHAT

1988

CHAT

1990

SEL

1964

NASH

1981

HERN

1957

SEL

1987

KNOX

1987

MURF

1989

HERN

1990

MEM

1975

NASH

1988

KNOX

1987

COL

1987

NASH

1967

KNOX

1981

KING

1981

KING

1945

KNOX

1971

CHAT

1972

MEM

1989

HR

1987

MEM

1985

SEL

1983

KNOX

1979

28

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

FOWLER, Jo Ann, 551 Mellen Rd., Knoxville, TN 37919

FOWLER, Jr., M/M William B., 4564 Willow Road, Memphis, TN 38117

FOX, Jr., Capt. & Mrs. W. Trent, 10 Vanndenberg Drive, Tullahoma, TN 37388

FRANK, Miss Harriette, 3767 Highland Park Place, Memphis, TN 38111

FREEMAN, Dr. & Mrs. John R., 3116 No. Lockwood Dr., Chattanooga, TN 37415

FRENCH, Elizabeth, 36 Ridgeview Drive, Chickasaw, AL 36611

FULLER, Dr. & Mrs. H. W., 710 Forest Heights Drive, Knoxville, TN 37919

FUNKHOUSER, Elizabeth, Apt. 8, 806 Morningside Dr., Johnson City, TN 37604

FUQUA, Dr. & Mrs. William G., Rt. 7, Pulaski Pike, Columbia, TN 38401

FURR, Tim & Mecky, 7925 Cross Pike, Germantown, TN 38138

GARCELON, Mr. Merrill, 5484 Poplar Avenue, Memphis, TN 38119

GARDLER, M/M Murray L., 7911 Cross Pike, Germantown, TN 38138

GARRISON, M/M Michael A., Route 2, Box 1507, Unicoi, TN 37692

GARST, Bob & Maria, 8112 Dogwood Villa Drive, Germantown, TN 38138

GASTON, Mrs. Emmett L., 109 Oak Hill Circle, Lebanon, TN 37087

GATES, Miss Virginia, 3583 Norriswood, Memphis, TN 38111

GAUT, M/M William King, Rt. 8, Box 362, Greeneville, TN 37743

GELPI, Mrs. William J., 3128 Windsor Garden Drive, Antioch, TN 37013

GILBERT, Ms. Debbie, 2340 Forrest, Memphis, TN 38112

GILLAND, M/M Jim, 5412 Heritage Lane, Kingsport, TN 37664

GILLIAM, Mrs. Katherine, 107 S. Ramsey, Manchester, TN 37355

GILMER, Mr. Brice, 957 Bluff View Dr., Knoxville, TN 37919

GLANTZ, M/M Timothy M., P. O. Box 399, S. Ridgewater, VA 22812-0399

GLEAVES, M/M Edwin, 401 Bowling Ave., Apt. #17, Nashville, TN 37205

GOINS, M/M Lee Roy, 402 Dell Trail, Dunlap, TN 37327

GOOCH, Jr., M/M Robert D., 2900 Garden Lane, Memphis, TN 38111

GOODIN, Mrs. John, 1300 Virginia, Johnson City, TN 37601

GOODMAN, Mr. Harvey L., 1805 Tanager Lane, Knoxville, TN 37919

GOODPASTURE, M/M Henry, 3800 Whit land Ave., Nashville, TN 37205

GOSE, Mrs. Dorothy, 122 Edgewood Drive, Bristol, VA 24201

GRAHAM M/M Dewey L., 956 Lawson Street, Chattanooga, TN 37415

GRANTHAM, Louise, 3716 Bakertown Rd., Nashville, TN 37211

GRAVES, M/M James H., Penfield Library, SUNY Oswego, Oswego, NY 13126

GRAY, Dr. & Mrs. Dan R., 5004 Mt. Pleasant Pike, Columbia, TN 38401

GREEN, Mrs. Margaret S., 617 Meadow Road, Mt. Pleasant, TN 38474

GREEN, Martha E., 4507 Belmont Park Terrace, Nashville, TN 37215

GREENE, Gail, 194 Mt. Orange Road, Trenton, TN 38382

GREENE, Mark, 194 Mt. Orange Road, Trenton, TN 38382

GREENE, Mrs. Sarah, Meadowview Apts. G-12,

801 Del Rio Pike, Franklin, TN 37064-2114
GREGORY, M/M Rick, 820 Castle Heights Avenue, Lebanon, TN 37087-4016
GRIGGS, M/M Glenn, 114 Guard Dr., Lawrenceburg, TN 38464
GRIMES, Mr. Samuel A., 4627 Peachtree Cir. Ea., Jacksonville, FL 32207
GRIMM, M/M Billy C., 5490 Benna Cove, Memphis, TN 38119
GROSS, Dorothy S., 5126 Sequoia, Memphis, TN 38117
GUINN, M/M Joe B., 8382 Davenport Cove, Germantown, TN 38138
GUSCHKE, M/M Thomas, 12930 LaRochelle Circle, Palm Beach Gard., FL 33410
GUTSHALL, M/M Russell, 153 Gardner Street, Chattanooga, TN 37411
HACKNEY, Mr. Mark S., 2321 Carter Avenue, Nashville, TN 37206
HALE, M/M Bert D., 223 Sharps Hollow Road, Bluff City, TN 37618
HALE, M/M Kenneth, 3004 Shelby Street, Apt. 318, Bristol, TN 37620
HALL, Edith, 4529 Topside Drive, S. W. Knoxville, TN 37920
HALL, Dr. George A., Department of Chemistry,

West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506

KNOX 1983
MEM 1978
HR 1990
MEM 1974
CHAT 1974
KNOX 1954
KNOX 1981
HERN 1983
COL 1962
MEM 1989
MEM 1965
MEM 1987
HERN 1987
MEM 1989
SEL 1957
MEM 1977
GRE 1962
SEL 1990
MEM 1988
TAL 1978
HR 1987
KNOX 1978
CHAT 1986
NASH 1982
CHAT 1982
MEM 1973
HERN 1973
KNOX 1990
NASH 1940
BRI 1989
CHAT 1987
NASH 1982
CORR 1979
COL 1962
COL 1984
NASH 1980
JAC 1990
MEM 1989

NASH 1929
SEL 1986
BR 1978
CORR 1962
MEM 1967
MEM 1980
MEM 1975
NASH 1978
CHAT 1988
NASH 1988
BRI 1977
BRI 1972
KNOX 1984

CORR 1962

1990

MEMBERSHIP LIST

29

HALL, Mr. George, 2926 Emery Drive, Donelson, TN 37214
HALL, Mr. Gordon E., Rt. 1, Box 224, Kodak, TN 37764
HALL, Julia E., 697 Anderson, Memphis, TN 38104

HALL, II, Mr. Robert G., Box 16223 U. T. Station, Knoxville, TN 37996-4900

HAMEL, Dr. Paul B., 928 Gale Lane, Nashville, TN 37204-3014

HAMMER, M/M Don, 1270 Orchard Rd., Norris, TN 37828

HAMMOND, M/M Brad, 2411 Pulaski Pike, Columbia, TN 38401

HAMMOND, Ms. Ellen, 405 Graham Street, Chattanooga, TN 37405

HAMMONDS, M/M R. Glenn, 4204 Estes Road, Nashville, TN 37215

HANCOCK, Mr. James W., 235 Beagle Park Loop, Madisonvi l le, KY 42431-9701

HANDEL, M/M Stephen, 3620 Woodlawn School Road, Knoxville, TN 37920

HANNA, Johnny & Dorenda, 2576 Shepherdwood Lane, Germantown, TN 38138

HANNABASS, Mr. H. Hayden, 1733 Orchard Court, Kingsport, TN 37660

HANSON, Jr., Mr. Newton F., 1301 Highland Drive, Newport, AR 72112

HARDMAN, Dr. & Mrs. Joel S., Route #1, Box 152, Primm Springs, TN 38476

HARPER, Mr. James Marvin, 305 Crestwood Drive, Tullahoma, TN 37388-2923

HARPER, Mrs. Marjory B., 305 Crestwood Drive, Tullahoma, TN 37388

HARRELL, Mr. Jack, 1367 N. Parkway, Memphis, TN 38104

HARRIS, Barbara, 2225 Pinewood Road, Nashville, TN 37216

HARRIS, Mr. Mark, 3811 Taliluna Avenue SW, Knoxville, TN 37919

HARRIS, Mr. Paul C., 4519 Cloverdale Loop, Hixson, TN 37343

HARRIS, Mrs. Ray F., 2232 Haven Crest Drive, Chattanooga, TN 37421-2810

HARRIS, Mr. Van, 435 N. McNeil St., Memphis, TN 38112

HARRIS, Wm. J. & Barbara, 1667 Hollywood Drive, Jackson, TN 38305

HARRIS, III, Dr. & Mrs. Robert W., 3811 Taliluna Ave., Knoxville, TN 37919

HARSSON, Joyce, 400 S. Highland, Jackson, TN 38301

HARTIGAN, Mr. Paul D., 824 Thomas Circle, Seymour, TN 37865

HASBROUCK, Mr. Charles B., 661 Rock Springs Road, Kingsport, TN 37664

HASSELL, Sara S., 4 Driftwood Cove, Jackson, TN 38305

HASSLER, Mr. John D., Route 1, Box 164-A, Byrdstown, TN 38549

HASSLER, Ms. Robbie C., (Mrs. John D.), Rt. 1, Box 65, Byrdstown, TN 38549

HATCHER, Robert M., 324 Leopole Rd., Nashville, TN 37211

HAWKINS, Michael & Carol, Route 4, Box 339, Cookeville, TN 38501

HAWKS, Mr. Graham, & MANN, Ms. Louie,

502 Signal Mountain Blvd., Signal Mountain, TN 37377
HAYES, Mrs. J. Mitchell, Route 6, Box 219, Pope Lane, Dickson, TN 37055
HAYES, Susan, 201 E. Lafayette Street, Jackson, TN 38301
HAYES, Wanda H., 825 Skyline Drive, Jackson, TN 38301
HAYNES, Mrs. W. D., 1014 N. Maple St., Murfreesboro, TN 37130
HECKERT, M/M Lenard, Route 8, Box 386, Greeneville, TN 37743
HEGLER, Mr. Richard, Route 8, Box 603, Apt. 7, Johnson City, TN 37601
HEIGHT, Allen & Helen, 40 Beechwood Drive, Jackson, TN 38301
HEILMAN, Annie, 429 Rivermont Drive, Clarksville, TN 37043
HEILMAN, Mrs. Nita, 429 Rivermont Drive, Clarksville, TN 37043
HEINTZ, Dr. /Mrs. Richard, 2171 Cordes Road, Germantown, TN 38138
HENDERSON, Mr. Dan, 99 N. Main, No. 1501, Memphis, TN 38103
HENDERSON, Mr. Ralph John, 7323 Fairington Circle, Hixson, TN 37343
HENDRICKS, Sheila Y., 4805 Torbay Drive, Nashville, TN 37211-4805
HENGER, Mr. John W., 407 North Maple Street, Maryville, TN 37801
HENRY, Miss Janet M., 2533 Elms Court, Apt. 1, Memphis, TN 38128
HERBERT, M/M John S. Unknown

HEREFORD, M/M Kenneth M., 2440 Haven Cove, Chattanooga, TN 37241
HERNANDEZ, M/M Frank, Route #2, Box 415,

Parkway Road, Tullahoma, TN 37388

NASH

1990

KNOX

1979

MEM

1981

KNOX

1988

NASH

1985

KNOX

1981

COL

1988

CHAT

1990

NASH

1984

CORR

1946

KNOX

1988

MEM

1989

TAL

1976

CORR

1941

NASH

1953

HR

1979

HR

1973

MEM

1990

NASH

1978

KNOX

1989

CHAT

1982

CHAT

1980

MEM

1974

JAC

1990

KNOX

1972

JAC

1990

KNOX

1978

TAL

1981

JAC

1990

TAL

1967

TAL

1967

NASH

1979

TAL

1988

CHAT

1983

NASH

1963

JAC

1990

JAC

1990

MURF

1970

GRE

1984

HERN

1981

JAC

1990

NASH

1983

NASH

1988

MEM

1981

MEM

1990

CHAT

1984

NASH

1979

KNOX

1989

MEM

1984

NASH

1960

CHAT

1989

HR

1985

1990

MEMBERSHIP LIST

30

HERNDON, Mrs. Lee R., 500- C West F Street, Elizabethton, TN 37643
HERRING, Mrs. Bettie L., 1810 Diana Street, Murfreesboro, TN 37130
HERVIG, Mr. Don, 210 Mac's Lane, Tullahoma, TN 37388
HETTISH, Mrs. Anne L., 1018 Lawndale Dr., Murfreesboro, TN 37129
HETTISH, Mr. J. Robert, 1018 Lawndale Dr., Murfreesboro, TN 37129
HETZLER, M/M W. Fred, 4600 Wilson Rd., Signal Mountain, TN 37377
HIGGS, Dr. James G., 91 Channing Way, Jackson, TN 38305
HILL, Jim & Elaine, 1320 Sunset Drive, Signal Mountain, TN 37377
HINSHILWOOD, Mr. Milton, 523 Morrell Road, Knoxville, TN 37919
HINTON, Erin, 103 Hardwick Place, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
HOFF, M/M Ronald D., 4523 McCloud Rd., Knoxville, TN 37938
HOLLIS, Mary, Box 444, Meridian, MS 39302

HOLLISTER, Dr. Robert M., 316 Battle Avenue, Franklin, TN 37064
HOLT, Dr. & Mrs. B. D., 312 N. Main St., Greeneville, TN 37743
HOLT, M/M James, 311 Colonial Circle, Greeneville, TN 37743
HONAKER, Mr. Carl, 1329 Francis Station Knoxville, TN 37923
HONICK, Dr. Murray C. & LAMM, Dr. Renee R.,

157 Woodside Lane, Dyersburg, TN 38024
HOPKINS, Miss Pamilla, 378 Normandy Circle, Nashville, TN 37209
HORNSBY, Dr. Robert, 1723 Dover Street, Murfreesboro, TN 37130
HOSFORD, Mr. Darryl, P. O. Box 1364, Collegedale, TN 37731
HOSIER, M/M Robert, 712 W. Spring Street, Lebanon, TN 37087
HOSLER, M/M Richard A., 8107 Thornewood Drive, Hixson, TN 37343
HOUK, Mrs. Ann M., 2815 22nd Avenue, S., Nashville, TN 37215
HOWARD, Rev.& Mrs. J. N., 123 Hilltop Drive, Chattanooga, TN 37411
HOWELL, Mr. David, 1730 Winding Ridge Tr., Knoxville, TN 37922
HOWELL, Dr. & Mrs. Joseph C., 5000 Oak Ridge Hwy.,

Apt. 1401, Knoxville, TN 37921
HOYLE, Susan, 1329 Cherokee Blvd., Knoxville, TN 37919
HUDSON, Mrs. Jack, 310 Lattawoods, Dyersburg, TN 38024
HUGHES, Dr. & Mrs. C. Richard, 3878 Jill St. NE, Cleveland, TN 37312
HUGHES, Mrs. Leona, Route 4, Box 920,

N. Shackle Island Road, Hendersonville, TN 37075
HUGHES, Mrs. Orville M., Route 1, Box 452,

Shackle Island Road, Hendersonville, TN 37075
HUNTER, Mrs. Wilma, Route 6, Box 69, Murfreesboro, TN 37130
HURLEY, Mr. Don, 549 Rollingwood Drive, Stone Mtn., GA 30087
HURLEY, Mr. Len, 484 Cherokee Blvd., Knoxville, TN 37919
I LARD I , Dr. /Mrs. Robert, 2786 North Star Dr., Memphis, TN 38134
INGLES, M/M Jerry, S. P. O. 1245, Sewanee, TN 37375
IRION, III M/M Clifford, 6610 Cedarbrook Lane, #3, Memphis, TN 38134
IRWIN, Mr. Maxey, Hearthwood Cl, Sparta, TN 38583
JACKSON, Dr. Greg D., 2220 Baneberry Drive, Birmingham, AL 35244
JACKSON, Dr. Jerome A., Dept, of Zoology, Mississippi

State Univ., P. O. Drawer Z, Mississippi St MS 39762
JACKSON, Miss Louise, 5048 Lakeview Drive, Nashville, TN 37220
JACOBSON, Mr. Daniel R., 5614 Cold Springs Road, Hixson, TN 37343
JAMIESON, Mr. Dale, 14 Larimer Drive, Jackson, TN 38301
JAMISON, Dr. & Mrs. King, 737 Taylor Street, Bristol, TN 37620
JANZEN, Mr. William R., 908 Laurel Hill Road, Knoxville, TN 37923
JEM I SON, Dr. & Mrs. John M., 8354 Berg in Drive, Cordova, TN 38018
JENKINS, Mr. Albert M., 2106 Wisteria Dr., Hixson, TN 37343
JENKINS, Mrs. Albertine J., 1203 Hillsboro Hwy., Manchester, TN 37355
JENKINS, Mr. George, 8515 Scaley Bank Circle, Ooltewah, TN 37363

HERN

1944

MURF

1987

HR

1989

MURF

1967

MURF

1967

CHAT

1975

MEM

1979

CHAT

1989

KNOX

1988

KNOX

1990

KNOX

1980

CORR

1988

NASH

1966

GRE

1983

GRE

1988

KNOX

1986

MEM

1988

NASH

1985

MURF

1989

CHAT

1989

SEL

1976

CHAT

1987

NASH

1976

CHAT

1986

KNOX

1988

KNOX

1947

KNOX

1965

TAL

1966

CHAT

1982

NASH

1966

NASH

1966

MURF

1970

KNOX

1983

KNOX

1969

MEM

1983

CHAT

1982

MEM

1984

NASH

1983

CORR

1988

CORR

1972

NASH

1964

TAL

1970

JAC

1990

BRI

1990

KNOX

1989

MEM

1989

CHAT

1976

HR

1988

CHAT

1989

31

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

JENKINS, M/M Ken, Route 1, Box 416, Gat l inburg, TN 37738
JENNINGS, Dawn McKibbon, 1145 Dixon Drive, Gainesville, GA 30501-2920
JENNINGS, Ms. Sara, 5031 Griffins Gate Lane, Knoxville, TN 37912
JERNIGAN, Dr. & Mrs. William N., 107 Gallion Dr., Columbia, TN 38401
JOHNSON, Mrs. Amy, 1165 Park Drive, Cookeville, TN 38501
JOHNSON, M/M David M., Riverview Drive,

Route 3, Box 323 Maryville, TN 37801
JOHNSON, M/M Edwin, 4527 Topside Rd., Rt. 23, Knoxville, TN 37920-6055
JOHNSTON, M/M Jeff, 11916 Couch Mill Road, Knoxville, TN 37932
JOLLY, Mr. Edgar L., 4003 Nevada Avenue, Nashville, TN 37209
JONES, Dr. & Mrs. Russell A., 606 Rockdale, Cleburne, TX 76031
JONES, Ms. Sarah Elizabeth, 23 Y Georgetown,

5025 Hillsboro Road, Nashville, TN 37215
JONES, III, M/M Walk C., 259 E. Cherry Circle, Memphis, TN 38117
JONES, Mr. William J., TN Technological Univ., Box 5172 Cookeville, TN 38501
JONES, Jr., Col.& Mrs. Joseph W., Route 1, Box 207,

Pate Road, Newbern, TN 38059
JORDAN, Mr. Burt, P. O. Box 1332, Knoxville, TN 37901
JORDAN, Mr. O. Ray, Department of Biology,

Box 5063 TTU, Cookeville, TN 38501
JOYNER, Miss Imogene, 5311 Mesquite Road, Memphis, TN 38119
JUSTICE, Mrs. John W., 2704 Shannon Drive, Murfreesboro, TN 37129
KAFKA, M/M Lenny, 1607 Oaken Trail, Chattanooga, TN 37421
KASERMAN, Alice, 5024 Jacksboro Pike, #6, Knoxville, TN 37916
KASET, M/M Melvin, 3907 Daleview Terrace, Chattanooga, TN 37411
KAY, Ms. Nola, Route 3, London Lane, Ringgold, GA 30736
KEDGE, Leslie R., 1022 Meadowview Drive, Fairfield Glade, TN 38555
KEETON, Mr. Luther F., 80 Eastland Dr., Memphis, TN 38111
KELLAR, Ms. Alice S., 519 West 1st Ave., Lenoir City, TN 37771
KELLY, Barbara A., 3524 Pinellas Ln., Chattanooga, TN 37412
KELLY, Ms. Sue, 264 N. McNeil, Memphis, TN 38112
KESLER, Dr. & Mrs. David, 775 Center Drive, Memphis, TN 38112
KILLEBREW, Mrs. Linda S., Route 4, Box 56, Lebanon, TN 37087
KING, Mr. Edward M., 595 Shotwell, Memphis, TN 38111
KING, Tom & Louise, 3716 Bakertown Road, Nashville, TN 37211
KISNER, M/M James B., 9 Mary Ann Dr., Memphis, TN 38117
KLEIN, Ms. Starr T., 217 Arrow Drive, Signal Mountain, TN 37377
KNEE, Martha C., 228 Masters Road, Hixson, TN 37343
KNIGHT, Mrs. Margaret S., Pleasant Manor Apts. #3,

412 North Main Street, Mt. Pleasant, TN 38474
KNIGHT, Mr. Richard Lee, 804 N. Hills Dr., Johnson City, TN 37604
KOEHLER, M/M George, 512 Lynnwood Blvd., Nashville, TN 37205
KOELLA, Tony, P. O. Box 1680, Maryville, TN 37801
KRACKER, Jacqueline L, and TAYLOR, Paul Allen,

Route 2, Box 352, Kingston, TN 37763
KRAMER, Dr. & Mrs. Lee F., 321 Shepherd Hills Drive, Madison, TN 37115
KRAMER, Pete & Mary Lou, Station 23, Livingston Univ., Livingston, AL 35470
KROODSMA, Mr. Roger L., 113 N. Seneca Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
KUNKEL, Kieth & Peggy, 5369 Pipers Gap, Memphis, TN 38134
KUNTZMAN, Jr., Mr. Art, 4693 St. Elmo, Memphis, TN 38128
KURTZ, M/M William L., 3701 Skylark Trail, Chattanooga, TN 37416
KUYKENDALL, Dr. & Mrs. Sam J., 1394 Hatcher Lane, Columbia, TN 38401
LACY, Miss Beth, 3129 McClure Lane, S.E., Knoxville, TN 37920
LAGERBERG, Mr. Gregg N., 9141 Wesley Place Drive, Knoxville, TN 37922

KNOX

1987

CORR

1988

KNOX

1986

COL

1980

TAL

1958

KNOX

1989

KNOX

1983

KNOX

1987

NASH

1978

MEM

1975

NASH

1983

MEM

1981

TAL

1983

TAL

1975

KNOX

1989

UC

1966

MEM

1986

MURF

1973

CHAT

1983

KNOX

1990

CHAT

1987

CHAT

1989

CUMB

1989

MEM

1940

CHAT

1981

CHAT

1978

MEM

1990

MEM

1990

SEL

1986

MEM

1950

NASH

1990

MEM

1977

CHAT

1980

CHAT

1988

COL

1983

HERN

1977

NASH

1990

KNOX

1967

KNOX

1989

NASH

1966

MEM

1988

KNOX

1988

MEM

1990

MEM

1988

CHAT

1982

NASH

1976

KNOX

1955

KNOX

1981

1990

MEMBERSHIP LIST

32

LANDERS, Ms. Jean L., 4108 N. Tacoma Ave., Chattanooga, TN 37415

LANE, M/M Joe E., 101 Clark Drive, Mt. Juliet, TN 37122

LANE, M/M William E., 1025 South Seminole Drive, Chattanooga, TN 37412

LANGRIDGE, Mr. H. P., 1421 W. Ocean Avenue, Lantana, FL 33462

LATREMORE, M/M Fred S., 1030 Westwood Drive, Tullahoma, TN 37388

LAVELY, Jr., M/M Horace T., 5928 Sedberry Road, Nashville, TN 37205

LAY, Dr. & Mrs. Allyn, Rt. 7, Box 24-A, Pulaski Pike, Columbia, TN 38401

LEGGETT, M/M Kenneth, P. O. Box 1609, Dyersburg, TN 38025-1609

LEMON, Ms. Juanelle, 1803 Tutwiler, Memphis, TN 38107

LENHERT, Dr. Galen, 3109 Overlook Drive, Nashville, TN 37212

LERNER, Natalie, 122 Matthew Lane, Nashville, TN 37215

LEVERETT, Ms. Heather, 163 Bass Drive, Mt. Juliet, TN 37122

LEVY, M/M Henri, 116 Meadow Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830

LEVY, Jr., M/M Ralph, 6125 Green Meadows, Memphis, TN 38119

LEWIS, M/M Marshall, 155 Cherry Road, Memphis, TN 38117

LEWIS, Mr. Richard, 407 V. I. Branch Road, Bristol, TN 37620

LITTLE, Selena, 506 Factory Street, Trenton, TN 38382

LOCHRIDGE, M/M Owen Bedford, 914 Wooldridge Drive, Columbia, TN 38401

LONG, Dr. & Mrs. Charles E., 1203 Poplar Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104

LOVELL, Mr. Scott, 6005 Andover Drive, Nashville, TN 37215

LUCKADO, Mrs. Tom R., 937 McKellar Drive, Tullahoma, TN 37388

LUNDSTROM, Kenneth W., 4010 Iroquois Avenue, Nashville, TN 37205

LYLES, M/M Henry, Rt. 6, Mooresville Pike, Columbia, TN 38401

LYON, M/M Charles A., 4002 Wallace Lane, Nashville, TN 37215

LYONS, M/M Robert S., 600 Marr Dr., Signal Mountain, TN 37377

MACKEY, Ms. Erma, P. 0. Box 604, Lebanon, TN 37087

MANESS, Mrs. Ray J., 101 Larchmont Avenue, Chattanooga, TN 37411

MANIER, III, Mr. William R., P. O. Box 150668, Nashville, TN 37215

MANLEY, Mrs. Frances W., 10317 Long Rd., Arlington, TN 38002

MANN, M/M E. L., 110 Springer Rd., Lawrenceburg, TN 38464

MANN, Mrs. Margaret Louise, P. 0. Box 140038, Nashville, TN 37214

MANNING, Ms. Billie D., 1701 N. Concord Road, Apt. 33, Chattanooga, TN 37421

MANNING, G. H., Route 1, Box 303 McKenzie, TN 38201

MANNS, Mr. Robert, 877 Glenbrook Dr., Atlanta, GA 30318

MARCROM, H. D., 433 W. Fort St., Manchester, TN 37355

MARTIN, Rev.& Mrs. John L., 641 Ridgefield Rd., El izabethton, TN 37643

MARTIN, Mr. Knox, 1176 Dearing Road, Memphis, TN 38117

MARTIN, Ms. Patricia M., 1742 Rigsby Avenue, Murfreesboro, TN 37129

MARTIN, M/M William T., P. 0. Box 52393, Knoxville, TN 37950

MARTINEZ, M/M Joe, 1101 Bragg Circle, Tullahoma, TN 37388

MASCUCH, M/M Paul G., Route 2, Box 393-A, Englewood, TN 37329

MASON, M/M James David, 2115 Terrace Ave., S.W., Knoxville, TN 37916

MASON, M/M James H., Route 15, Box 441, W. Terre Haute, IN 47885

MASSEY, M/M Chester A., 1478 Touraine Place, Knoxville, TN 37919

MASSEY, Mr. James Morton, 1100 Bridgestone Place, Knoxville, TN 37919

MASUOKA, Dr. & Mrs. Jitsuichi, 2609 Natchez Trace, Nashville, TN 37212

MAY, Dr. Jonathan E., 2517 W. Linden Avenue, Nashville, TN 37212

MAYFIELD, Dr. & Mrs. George S., 999 Sunnyside Drive, Columbia, TN 38401

MAYFIELD, Sr. Mrs. George, R., c/o Dr. George R. Mayfield, Jr.,

999 Sunnyside Drive, Columbia, TN 38401
MEADORS, M/M Howard, 109 Cleveland Rd., Rossville, GA 30741
MEADOWS, Lee & Nell, 311 Edgewod Avenue, Mt. Pleasant, TN 38474
MEAGHER, Ruby R., 808 Riverview Drive, El izabethton, TN 37643
MEDLEY, M/M Lee W., Rt. 2, Box 173 B, Hillsboro, TN 37342

CHAT

1984

SEL

1988

CHAT

1988

HERN

1989

HR

1978

NASH

1978

COL

1981

MEM

1967

MEM

1989

NASH

1986

NASH

1985

NASH

1989

KNOX

1985

MEM

1980

MEM

1974

HERN

1974

JAC

1990

COL

1974

MEM

1984

NASH

1990

HR

1970

NASH

1990

COL

1974

NASH

1975

CHAT

1983

SEL

1986

CHAT

1988

NASH

1990

MEM

1961

BR

1983

NASH

1966

CHAT

1990

TAL

1970

KNOX

1986

HR

1974

HERN

1971

MEM

1986

MURF

1974

KNOX

1986

HR

1988

CHAT

1986

KNOX

1981

KNOX

1984

KNOX

1989

KNOX

1985

NASH

1971

NASH

1982

COL

1961

NASH

1916

CHAT

1958

COL

1989

HERN

1988

HR

1982

33

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

MEEKS, Dr. /Mrs. G. Gregory, 3296 Elmore Park Road, Memphis, TN 38134
MEIER, Ms. Kathleen M. 2360 Forrest Ave., Apt. 1, Memphis, TN 38112
MENGEL, M/M J. T., 1113 Carol Woods, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
MERYWEATHER, Ms. Mary V., 59 Uilshire Heights, Fairfield Glade, TN 38555
MICHAELS, Ms. Kate, 4235 River Chase, Millington, TN 38053
MILLER, Dr. & Mrs. Clay, 908 Hillcrest Avenue, Columbia, TN 38401
MILLER, Mr. Dwight, 2196 Nelson, Memphis, TN 38104-5760
MILLER, Ethelyn D., 707 Fairway Dr., E l izabethton, TN 37643
MILLER, Mrs. Marie, Route 1, Box 327-A,

Colbert Hollow Road, Rock Springs, GA 30739
MILLIKEN, Jr., M/M William, 861 Vaughn Rd., Clarksville, TN 37043
MINKLER, Ms. Dorothy, Route 1, Box 143, Tracy City, TN 37387
MISTAK, Mr. Bob, 3306 Patty Road, Maryville, TN 37801
MITCHELL, M/M Ezekiel, Route 12, Box 12720, Ringgold, GA 30736
MITCHELL, Mr. Robert J., 683 E. Parkway S., Apt. 2 Memphis, TN 38104
MOMROE, Mrs. Sharon, 1101 Stonewall Jackson Court, Nashville, TN 37220
MONROE, Dr. Burt L., P. O. Box 23447, Anchorage, KY 40223
MOORE, Miss Nelle, 3535 Kirby Road, K223, Memphis, TN 38115
MOORE, M/M Robert E., Route 1, Box 2074,

Elmbrook Drive, Rockford, TN 37853
MOOSE, M/M Foster, 3535 Kirby Road, #J102, Memphis, TN 38115-3721
MORRIS, M/M A. C., 891 W. Outer Drive, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
MORRIS, Beverly S. & Fam., Route 6, Box 328,

Old Mill Road, Ringgold, GA 30736
MORTON, Ms. Gay H., 7941 Hill Road, Knoxville, TN 37918
MUDGE, Jr., Mr. E. W., 9550 Forest Lane, Suite 227, Dallas, TX 75243-5905
MUMME, Dr. Ron, Dept, of Biology, Memphis State
University, Memphis, TN 38152
MURCHISON, Ann, 2 Deepwood, Jackson, TN 38305
MURPHY, Mr. Marty, 5703 Collette Road, Knoxville, TN 37918
MYERS, Jr., M/M Thomas L., 1200 New Fane Circle, Knoxville, TN 37922
MacMILLAN, Mrs. Portia R., 3201 Overlook Drive, Nashville, TN 37212
McCALLIE, Mr. Jack B., 1818 Crestwood Drive, Chattanooga, TN 37415
McCAMEY, Dr. Franklin, Route 2, Box 2974, Dawsonville, GA 30534
McCARROLL, Mr. David M., 1014 Grantland, Murfreesboro, TN 37129
McCAULEY, Mr. Eugene L., 12 Young Street, Jackson, TN 38301
McCLURE, M/M John R., 6650 Sandwood Circle, Harrison, TN 37341
McCONNELL, M/M Chester, Rt. 6, Box 212, Lawrenceburg, TN 38464
McCRARY, Dr. Charles W., 1561 Vinton, Memphis, TN 38104
McDADE, Mr. Arthur, U. S. Park Ranger, Shiloh
National Park, Shiloh, TN 38376
McDANIEL, Evelyn W 808 Laurie St., Maryville, TN 37801
MCFARLAND, Mrs. Sam B., 242 East Spring Street, Lebanon, TN 37087
McFARLIN, Mr. Larry, 108 N. Spring Street, Murfreesboro, TN 37130
McGOWN, M/M George W., 236 Whettier Ln.,

Hartland Estates, Oliver Springs, TN 37840
McGURK, Ms. Deane, 2601 Hillsboro Road, Apt. D-1, Nashville, TN 37212
McKINNEY, Miss Crystal Ann, 1420 Windbrook Lane, Hixson, TN 37343
McKINNEY, Evelyn White, 5703 Cassandra Smith Road, Hixson, TN 37343
McLAUGHLIN, Dr. & Mrs. Joe, 5515 Wakefield Drive, Brentwood, TN 37027-4405
MCLAUGHLIN, Mr. John M., 1755 Cherry Lane, St. Cloud, MN 56301
McLEROY, M/M Ralph, 3724 Keowee Avenue, Knoxville, TN 37919
MCMAHAN M/M Michael A., 1132 Ridge Top Dr., Chattanooga, TN 37421
MCMILLAN, M/M Melville, Route 2, Box 141, Lascassas, TN 37085

MEM 1978
MEM 1989
KNOX 1987
CUMB 1988
MEM 1990
COL 1982
MEM 1981
HERN 1983

CHAT 1984
NASH 1984
HR 1988
KNOX 1987
CHAT 1988
MEM 1985
NASH 1990
CORR 1969
MEM 1944

KNOX 1983
MEM 1978
KNOX 1987

CHAT 1988
KNOX 1988
CORR 1967

MEM 1985
JAC 1990
KNOX 1990
KNOX 1987
NASH 1965
CHAT 1988
CORR 1931
MURF 1985
JAC 1990
CHAT 1988
BR 1981
MEM 1980

COL 1989
KNOX 1985
SEL 1966
MURF 1981

KNOX 1958
NASH 1986
CHAT 1990
CHAT 1987
NASH 1978
NASH 1978
KNOX 1965
CHAT 1981
SEL 1970

1990

MEMBERSHIP LIST

34

McNAIR, Hr. Douglas Branch, 303 Robinson Street, Rockingham, NC 28379

McNUTT, Jr., M/M William P., 11478 North Couch Mill Rd., Knoxville, TN 37931

MCPHERSON, Mr. Charles E., Rt. 1, Box 522, Brighton, TN 38011

McWHIRTER, M/M Mac, 4962 Gwynne Road, Memphis, TN 38117-3302

MCWHORTER, Mrs. J. H., 3829 West Oak Way, S.W., Huntsville, AL 35805

NANCE, Mrs. Dorothy Clay, 526 Academy Drive, Lawrenceburg, TN 38464

NEAL, M/M William F., Route 11, Box 292, Cleveland, TN 37311

NEIDERT, M/M Edward, Box 133, Loretto, TN 38469

NEIDERT, M/M William Royce, Rt. #1, Box 97-A, Loretto, TN 38469

NEVIUS, M/M Richard, Rt. 6, Box 355 Greeneville, TN 37743

NEWELL, Mrs. Jane, P. 0. Box 177, Loretto, TN 38469

NEWTON, M/M Richard Y., 522 Indian Lake Road, Hendersonville TN 37075

NICHOLSON, Mr. Charles P„, P. 0. Box 402, Norris, TN 37828-0402

NICHOLSON, Jr. M/M E. L., 6806 Haverhill Dr., Knoxville, TN 37919

NIEVES, M/M Dan, 103 Old Indian Hill Trail, Greeneville, TN 37743

NIXON, M/M Robert, 10 Peach Blossom Square, Nashville, TN 37205

NOLAN, Mrs. Sara, 2017 Sweetbriar Ave., Nashville, TN 37212

NORMAN, Mr. James L., 502 N. 14th, Muskogee, OK 74401

NORRIS, Ms. Chris K., 2937 Gaston Avenue, Knoxville, TN 37917

NORRIS, M/M Larry, 1609 Ponderossa Trail, Lebanon, TN 37087

NORTH, Dr. & Mrs. William C., 369 Riverbluff, No. 1, Memphis, TN 38103

NORTHROP, M/M Roy, P. O. Box 95, Mosheim, TN 37818

NORVELL, Mrs. Annie Ruth, 904 Woodland Court, Manchester, TN 37355

NUNLEY, Ms. Diane, Box 299, Manchester, TN 37355

O'CONNER, Mrs. Elizabeth, 201 Cambridge Place, Franklin, TN 37064

OAKES, Jane, 1212 Rolling Fields Drive, Columbia, TN 38401

ODEAR, Mr. Bob, 3901 Trimble Road, Nashville, TN 37215

ODOM, Mrs. Eugene P., 1700 E. Main St., Murfreesboro, TN 37130

ODOM, Jr., Mr. Thomas A., 3911 Inwood Drive, Kingsport, TN 37664

OLSON, Mr. Bob & Family, 3503 Allandale, Memphis, TN 38111

OLSON, Mrs. Margaret, 102 Maple Tree Drive, Bristol, TN 37620

OLSON, Mr. W. C., 1107 Anita Drive, Chattanooga, TN 37411

OSBORN, Mrs. Charles, 201 Bartonwood Dr., Lebanon, TN 37087

OVERTON, Mrs. Holly, 3316 Bunker Hill Dr., Knoxville, TN 37920

OWEN, Mr. J. B., 2324 Antietam Road, Knoxville, TN 37917

OWEN, Mrs. Vivian, c/o Hultman, 1822 N. Sedgwick, Chicago, IL 60614

PABST, Mrs. Mary, R.R. 8, Box 399, Greeneville, TN 37743

PALMER-BALL, Jr., Mr. Brainard, 8207 Old Westport Rd., Louisville, KY 40222

PAPACHRISTOU, Dr. Gerald, 2858 Shelley Cove, Memphis, TN 38115

PARDUE, M/M Paul S., Rt. 23, 4415 Beechwood Rd., Knoxville, TN 37920

PARKER, Miss Anna Mary, 4343 Lebanon Road, Apt. #421 Hermitage, TN 37076

PARKER, M/M F. Milton, 1111 Ridgecrest Rd., Johnson City, TN 37601

PARKS, Mr. Johnny T., 1610 East 17th St., Chattanooga, TN 37404

PARSONS, Mr. C. E., 1525 Fay Street, Knoxville, TN 37921

PARTEE, Mrs. Margaret, Route 11, Box 356, Lebanon, TN 37087

PATRICK, M/M Oscar, 4641 Villa Green Dr., Nashville, TN 37215

PATTERSON, Ms. Martha L., P. O. Box 1060 Kingston, TN 37763

PATTERSON, Martha L., 221 Dinwiddie Avenue, Madison, TN 37115-2462

PATTI, Ms. Shirley, 4450 Princeton, Memphis, TN 38117

PATTON, M/M James T., 203 Timerlinks Dr., Signal Mountain, TN 37377

PATTON, Dr. John A., 2214 Riley Rd., Murfreesboro, TN 37130

PAUL, Mr. Jack L., 1023 Devonshire Drive, Fairfield Glade, TN 38555

PAYNE, Jr., Mr. George R., 5834 Edgewater Cove #2, Memphis, TN 38134-9147

PAYNE, Jr., Mrs. George R., 5834 Edgewater Cove #2, Memphis, TN 38134-9147

CORR

1988

KNOX

1974

MEM

1951

MEM

1982

MEM

1946

BR

1990

CHAT

1987

BR

1980

BR

1982

GRE

1937

BR

1989

NASH

1981

KNOX

1971

KNOX

1983

GRE

1985

NASH

1982

NASH

1970

CORR

1953

KNOX

1989

SEL

1986

MEM

1984

GRE

1986

HR

1988

HR

1989

NASH

1988

COL

1987

NASH

1990

MURF

1970

TAL

1974

MEM

1988

BRI

1990

CHAT

1986

SEL

1981

KNOX

1947

KNOX

1947

MEM

1987

GRE

1988

NASH

1983

MEM

1975

KNOX

1953

HR

1976

HERN

1982

CHAT

1979

KNOX

1986

SEL

1984

NASH

1969

KNOX

1988

NASH

1981

MEM

1990

CHAT

1985

MURF

1970

CUMB

1988

MEM

1970

MEM

1989

35

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

PEACHER-RYAN, Holmes & Carla, 3181 Douglass, Memphis, TN 38111
PEAKE, Dr. & Mrs. Richard H., Clinch Valley College, Box 28, Wise, VA 24293
PEEBLES, M/M J. Howell, 310 Old Fort Street, Tullahoma, TN 37388
PEEPLES, Mr. W. Robert, 150 Bendel Circle, Memphis, TN 38117
PEEPLES, M/M William P., 150 Bendel Circle, Memphis, TN 38117
PETERS, Dr. James R., SPO 1229, Univ. of the South, Sewanee, TN 37375
PETERS, Ms. Suevelyn W., 761 Elysian Fields Road, Nashville, TN 37204
PETERSON, Mr. Norman 0., 850 Snead Drive, Fairfield Glade, TN 38555
PETREY, Karen, 2511 Legion Drive, Knoxville, TN 37920
PETTINGILL, Jr., Dr. Olin Sewall, Vermont Inst, of Natural
Science, Woodstock, VT 06091

PHILLIPS, Dr. Allan R., Reforma 825-A, Col. Chapultepec,

San Nicolas de los Garza, 66450 Nuevo Leon, MEXICO
PHILLIPS, Col.& Mrs. Charles L., 2495 Shennandoah Dr., Chattanooga, TN 37421
PHILLIPS, Ms. Kay, 2012 Cedar Lane, Knoxville, TN 37919
PHILP, Mr. Robert, 628 West Brow Road, Lookout Mountain, TN 37350
PICKETT, Jeff & Pat, 5102 Kingswood Circle, Memphis, TN 38134
PIERCE, M/M Robert L., 138 Cunningham Lane, Signal Mountain, TN 37377
PIERCE, M/M W. Crowell, 1005 Mountain Creek Road #518, Chattanooga, TN 37405
PILGRIM, Ms. Jean S., 116 Centru Street, Chattanooga, TN 37419
PINCKLEY, Mrs. Flavil W., 1005 West Gaines, Lawrenceburg, TN 38464
PITTS, Dr. & Mrs. T. David, Biology Dept., University of TN
at Martin, Martin, TN 38237

POND, M/M John A., 5600 Brite Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817
PORTER, Rev. Delton, 110 Hood Trail, Portland, TN 37148
POTTER, Ms. Mary Ann, 6102 Clark Rd., Harrison, TN 37341
POWELL, Mr. Sam H., 506 Brady Pt. Rd., Signal Mountain, TN 37377
POWELL, Jr., Mr. Albert L., 9122 Ky. 405, Maceo, KY 42355
POWERS, Mr. C. Donald, P. 0. Box 523, Las Vegas, NV 89109
POWERS, Mr. Walter Lee, P. O. Box 3, Tennessee Ridge, TN 37178
PRESSNELL, M/M Allen, Route 6, Box 274 G, Columbia, TN 38401
PRESTON, Mr. Dick, Route 1, Box 87 K, Atoka, TN 38004
PRICE, Mrs. Rachel A., 2619 Magi l l Avenue, Maryville, TN 37801
PRICE, Jr., Mrs. David, 1954 Old Hickory Blvd., Brentwood, TN 37027
PRICHARD, Mr. Mack, Conservation Department,

701 Broadway, Room B-30, Nashville, TN 37219
PRIDDY, M/M Forrest C., 8426 Thorgeson Cove, Cordova, TN 38018
PRIGMORE, M/M James & Family, Rt. 2, Box 178, Trenton, GA 30736
PUCKETT, Ms. Millie, 501 Young Avenue, Chattanooga, TN 37405
PURYEAR, Mrs. William A., The St. Paul, Apt. 528,

5031 Hillsboro Pike, Nashville, TN 37215
PYLE, Mr. Robert B., 3524 Pinellas Ln., Chattanooga, TN 37412
QUEENER, Elizabeth M., 3803 West End Avenue, #6, Nasvhille, TN 37205-2450
RADFORD, Mr. John, 7138 Sylar Road, Ooltewah, TN 37363
RADIN, Ms. Elain, P. 0. Box 171432, Memphis, TN 38117
RAMEY, Martha Rast, 3355 Greenway, Horn Lake, MS 38637
RAMM, M/M Heinrich J., 606 Larrymore St., Manchester, TN 37355
RAMSEY, Mr. Darrel, Route 3, Box 70, Lebanon, TN 37087
RATLEDGE, M/M Doug, 1506 Sun Valley Dr., Greeneville, TN 37743
RAYE, Mr. Larry D., 4020 Sunnybrooke, Nashville, TN 37205
REDD, Mrs. Catherine, St. Charles Place,

Rt. 8, Box 8690, Manchester, TN 37355
REESE, M/M Joe, 1508 Fairview Drive, Mt. Juliet, TN 37122
REEVES, Mr. Mark E., 8312 Mecklenburg Court, Knoxville, TN 37923-6719

MEM 1988
CORR 1964
HR 1981
MEM 1978
MEM 1978
CHAT 1986
NASH 1989
CUMB 1988
KNOX 1990

CORR 1939

CORR 1943
CHAT 1975
KNOX 1986
CHAT 1988
MEM 1988
CHAT 1987
CHAT 1988
CHAT 1989
BR 1990

TAL 1965
MEM 1984
COL 1989
CHAT 1971
CHAT 1989
CORR 1934
KNOX 1985
NASH 1990
COL 1976
MEM 1989
KNOX 1987
NASH 1970

NASH 1967
MEM 1984
CHAT 1985
CHAT 1990

NASH 1958
CHAT 1978
NASH 1978
CHAT 1989
MEM 1978
MEM 1983
HR 1974
SEL 1990
GRE 1977
NASH 1976

HR 1988
SEL 1988
KNOX 1980

1990

MEMBERSHIP LIST

36

RENFRO, Mr. James, 109 White Oak Drive, Lake Jackson, TX 77566
RENTSCHLER, Jr., M/M George H., 1347 Gen. George Patton
Road, Nashville, TN 37221-2446

RESTIVO, M/M Ernest J., 1248 E. Crestwood Drive, Memphis, TN 38119
REYNOLDS, Virginia, 4241 Uaymar Drive, Memphis, TN 38117
RICHARDS, Dr. & Mrs. 1209 Fredericksburg Drive, Johnson City, TN 37604
RICHARDS, Mrs. L. D., 1921 Moran Drive, Nashville, TN 37216
RIGGINS, M/M John N., 7408 Dunaway Drive, Nashville, TN 37221
RITZHAULPT, Sukie & Don, 3809 Woodbine Cr., Cleveland, TN 37311
ROARK, Mrs. Martha L., 23 Sevier Street, Memphis, TN 38111
ROBBINS, Mr. Chandler S., 7900 Brooklyn Bridge Rd., Laurel, MD 20707
ROBBINS, Mr. G. D., 14 Brookside Drive, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
ROBERTSON, Mr. Charles W., P. O. Box 902, Collegedale, TN 37315
ROBINSON, Mr. John C., P. 0. Box 1024, Hayward, WI 54843
ROBINSON, Mr. Wendell Niel, 1408 Towson Drive, Columbia, TN 38401
RODEN, Ms. Rosemary, 7628 Mallette Road, Chattanooga, TN 37416
ROGERS, Mr. David P., 7123 Riverwood, Germantown, TN 38138
ROGERS, Ronal & Tommie, 9003 Potomac Drive, Chattanooga, TN 37421
ROLLINS, M/M Charles D., 3120 Beechrun, Memphis, TN 38128
ROOK, Ms. Jo, Rural Route 2, Box 260, Gatlinburg, TN 37738-9514
ROSS, Dr. Anna, Christian Brothers College,

650 East Parkway South, Memphis, TN 38104
ROTHBERGER, Mr. Mark G., 805 Mississippi Ave., Signal Mountain, TN 37377
ROUTLEDGE, M/M Larry F., 1218 Woodhaven Lane, Greeneville, TN 37743
ROWELL, Mr. James D., 110 Sycamore Dr., Rossville, GA 30741
RUDD, M/M Robin, 7611 Davidson Rd., Chattanooga, TN 37421
RUDOLPH, Martha, NO ADDRESS

RUSH, Mrs. Marty, 324 Belinda Parkway, Mt. Juliet, TN 37122
RUSH, Jr., Mr. Donald L., 7119 Fine Lane, Harrison, TN 37341
RYON, M/M Michael G., 1414 Pine Springs Road, Knoxville, TN 37922
RYTHER, Mr. Eugene M., 905 Sterling Ave., Chattanooga, TN 37405
SANDERS, M/M Kenneth, 6712 Sevierville Pike, Knoxville, TN 37920
SANDS, Ms. Kay, 442 Lookout Drive, Eads, TN 38028-9737
SARGENT, M/M Robert R., Route 1, Box 558G, Trussville, AL 35173
SATTERFIELD, M/M Stephen, Route 1, Box 312, Luttrell, TN 37779
SAULS, M/M R. Lynn, 2493 Allegheny Drive, Chattanooga, TN 37402
SAWYER, Mrs. Marguerite, 604 Estes Ave., Nashville, TN 37215
SCHELL, Mr. Edward H., 2514 Browns Mill Road, Johnson City, TN 37601
SCHILLING, Mrs. Beth, 5800 Rockwood Lane, Knoxville, TN 37921
SCHOPFER, Bettye, 585 S. Greer, Apt. 901, Memphis, TN 38111
SCHREIBER, Jr., Mr. E. Dan, 3518 Pleasant Valley Road, Nashville, TN 37204
SCHROTH, Katherine A., 421 Alexander, Memphis, TN 38111
SCHULTZ, Mr. Wesley A., 620 S. Sanctuary Road, Chattanooga, TN 37412
SCOTT, Harold & Nancy, Route 9, Box 223, Columbia, TN 38401
SCOTT, III, Mr. Robert R., 7831 Luxmore Drive, Knoxville, TN 37919
SEARL, M/M Edwin N., 932 Kevin Rd., Knoxville, TN 37923
SEE, M/M Billy, 3636 Sparta Pike, Watertown, TN 37184
SEE, Miss Ramona, 2725 Western Hills Drive, Nashville, TN 37214
SELLARS, Mrs. John W., 122 Greenlawn Avenue, Lebanon, TN 37087
SELLERS, Mrs. Donette C., 1504 Frances Street, Lawrenceburg, TN 38464
SENEKER, Rev.& Mrs. Francis Clay, 725 S. Germantown
Circle, Chattanooga, TN 37412

SHACKLETT, Mr. Richard C., 1145 E. Clark Blvd., Murfreesboro, TN 37130
SHARP, M/M A. Boyd, 245 Peters Rd., SW, Knoxville, TN 37923

CORR

1983

NASH

1980

MEM

1968

MEM

1981

HERN

1989

NASH

1982

TAL

1969

CHAT

1988

MEM

1973

CORR

1955

KNOX

1987

CHAT

1985

CORR

1986

COL

1987

CHAT

1989

MEM

1980

CHAT

1989

MEM

1975

SEL

1989

MEM

1988

CHAT

1987

GRE

1986

CHAT

1985

CHAT

1983

KNOX

1989

SEL

1986

CHAT

1989

KNOX

1988

CHAT

1981

KNOX

1955

MEM

1989

CHAT

1990

KNOX

1983

CHAT

1990

NASH

1962

HERN

1975

KNOX

1988

MEM

1989

NASH

1960

MEM

1989

CHAT

1990

COL

1989

KNOX

1987

KNOX

1982

SEL

1982

SEL

1986

SEL

1969

BR

1987

CHAT

1986

MURF

1990

KNOX

1968

37

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

SHARP, Mrs. Walter, 666 Beech Creek Road, Brentwood, TN 37027
SHARP, Jr., Mr. Vernon, 1808 Wilson Pike, Brentwood, TN 37027
SHAVER, Dr. & Mrs. David C., 130 Waring Road, Memphis, TN 38117
SHELTON, M/M H. Clay, 4858 Shady Grove Road, Memphis, TN 38117
SHELTON, M/M Wayne, Rt. 1, Pelham, TN 37366

SHEPHERD, Mrs. Fran, 1519 Ashlawn Drive, Murfreesboro, TN 37129
SHERWOOD, Mrs. Vida, Route 4, Box 248, Tullahoma, TN 37388
SHOCKLEY, M/M Donald R., 904 Wilson Avenue, Tullahoma, TN 37388
SHURLEY, Donna D., Rt. 11, Box 1195, Merilyn Drive, Ringgoldale, GA 30736
SIMBECK, Mr. Damien J., University of Tennessee Dept, of

Zoology, M-313 Walters Life Sciences, Knoxville, TN 37996
SIMBECK, M/M Don K., Rt. #2, Box 3-A, Loretto, TN 38469
SIMMERS, Mr. Richard W., Route 6, Box 170, Cookeville, TN 38501
SIMMS, Mrs. Beth, 2404 Sherrod Rd., Knoxville, TN 37920
SIMPSON, Jr., Dr. Marcus, 11905 Yellow Rush Pass, Columbia, MD 21044

SKIPPER, Mrs. Carlos, 100 James Blvd., E-309, Signal Mountain, TN 37377

SLIGER, Mrs. Veta L., 208 S. Germantown Rd., Chattanooga, TN 37411
SLOAN, Mert & SLOAN, Christopher,

6312 Kingsbury Drive, Brentwood, TN 37027
SMATHERS, Mrs. Hugh, 128 Asbury Ln., Gatl inburg, TN 37738
SMITH, Miss Alice H., Route 1, Box 323 Covington, TN 38019

SMITH, Dr. & Mrs. Arlo I., 3724 Oakley Avenue, Memphis, TN 38111

SMITH, Mr. Arthur S., 100 Otari Drive, Route 14, Kingsport, TN 37664
SMITH, Dr. Charles R., Laboratory of Ornithology,

Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
SMITH, Mrs. Donna J., 408 Lakeshore Drive, Springfield, TN 37172-5106
SMITH, Mrs. Frances H., 919 E. Northfield Blvd., Murfreesboro, TN 37130-1279
SMITH, Dr. & Mrs. Gerald P., 1987 Indian Village Drive, Memphis, TN 38109
SMITH, Glynda, 201 Plantation Drive, Jackson TN 38305
SMITH, Dr. & Mrs. Herbert W., 6562 Bramble Cove, Memphis, TN 38119
SMITH, M/M Louis F., 3809 Riverview Rd., Knoxville, TN 37914
SMITH, M/M Martin, 630 Guill Road, Mt. Juliet, TN 37122
SMITH, Mr. Robert Demett, 8203 Willow Brook Circle,

Apt A, Huntsville, AL 35802

SNOW, M/M Tim, 3559 Fountain Park Boulevard, Knoxville, TN 37914

SNYDER, M/M David H., Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN 37040

SNYDER, Susan S., 3320 Ocoee Trail, Knoxville, TN 37917

SOLLMANN, Mr. Robert E., Rural Route 4, Box 1077, Gravois Mills, MO 65037

SPECK, Mrs. Hubert H., 1717 Cherokee Drive, Lebanon, TN 37087

SPEES, Dr. & Mrs. Royal B., P. O. Box 356, Greeneville, TN 37743

SPENCE, Mrs. C. C., 3610 Cowden, Memphis, TN 38111

SPENCE, M/M John W., 1565 Vinton, Memphis, TN 38104

SPIVEY, Susan, 6007 Centerwood Drive, Knoxville, TN 37920

SPOFFORD, Dr. Walter R., Box J, Rancho Aguila, Portal, AZ 85632

STALLINGS, Miss Pat, 406 North 17th St., Nashville, TN 37206

STAMM, Mrs. Frederick W., 9101 Spokane Way, Louisville, KY 40241

STANFORD, Mrs. H. B., Route 3, Box 213,

Taylorsville Road, Lebanon, TN 37087
STARK, JR., M/M J. Edward, 3598 Cowden Avenue, Memphis, TN 38111
STEDMAN, Mrs. Stephen J., (Barbara H.), Route 8, Box 338, Cookville, TN 38501
STERLING, M/M James, P. O. Box 356, Greeneville, TN 37743
STEVENS, Ms. Catherine L., 6485 Stewart Road, Arlington, TN 38002
STOKES, M/M Harry, 328 Tyne Court, Old Hickory, TN 37138
STONE, Barbara E., 108 N. Auburndale, #516, Memphis, TN 38104

NASH

1952

NASH

1921

MEM

1979

MEM

1979

HR

1978

MURF

1989

HR

1986

HR

1984

CHAT

1987

KNOX

1985

BR

1972

NASH

1978

KNOX

1978

CORR

1961

CHAT

1975

CHAT

1954

NASH

1987

KNOX

1976

MEM

1933

MEM

1960

TAL

1960

CORR

1963

NASH

1986

MURF

1981

MEM

1984

JAC

1990

MEM

1986

KNOX

1954

SEL

1983

MEM

1941

KNOX

1990

TAL

1979

KNOX

1990

CORR

1984

SEL

1974

GRE

1962

MEM

1978

MEM

1986

KNOX

1989

CORR

1981

NASH

1970

CORR

1946

SEL

1974

MEM

1990

TAL

1988

GRE

1990

MEM

1990

SEL

1983

MEM

1982

1990

MEMBERSHIP LIST

38

STONE, Mr. Joe, 411 Annex Avenue, #4E, Nashville, TN 37209
STREET, Mr. Thomas E., 411 N. Spring St., Greensboro, NC 27401
STRIBLING, Mrs. Betty, 8 Chadsworth Place, Tullahoma, TN 37388
STRINGER, Mrs. Kirby (Ellen M.), 301 28th Ave., North,

Apt. #1214, Nashville, TN 37203

STRINGER, Rev. Randal C., 293 Lauren Court, Merritt Island, FL 32952

STULTZ, Mr. Don, P. 0. Box 885, LaFayette, GA 30728

STUPKA, Mr. Arthur, Route 3, Gatlinburg, TN

STYKE, Jr., M/M Q. N., 1101 Summer St., Manchester, TN 37355

SULLINS, Cathi, Route 2, Box 721, Johnson City, TN 37601

SULLIVAN, Mrs. Robert H., 611 Adams St., Manchester, TN 37355

SULLIVAN, Wm. R. & Mary K., 1039 Scenic Drive, Knoxville, TN 37919

SUMARA, Mrs. C. K. G., 1011 Church Street, Tiptonville, TN 38079

SUMMERS, M/M Samuel P., 901 Shady Circle, Signal Mountain, TN 37377

SUTTER, Cindy, 1929 Evelyn, Memphis, TN 38104

SWAFFORD, Mr. Carlton, 11818 McGee Road, Ooltewah, TN 37363

SWAFFORD, Mr. Steven, 1185 Mountain Creek Rd., #706, Chattanooga, TN 37405

SWOFFORD, Mr. Glen, 550 Valley St., Erwin, TN 37650

TANNER, Dr. & Mrs. James T., 417 Switzerland Drive, Knoxville, TN 37920

TARBELL, Dr. & Mrs. D. Stanley, 6033 Sherwood Drive, Nashville, TN 37215

TAYLOR, Mr. Joseph W., P.O. Box 31, 20 Parrish Rd., Honeoye Falls, NY 14472

TAYLOR, M/M Richard G., 6203 Sea Isle, Galveston, TX 77554

TENBUS, Mr. Michael A., 332 Wardley Road, Knoxville, TN 37922

TERRY, M/M Michael, 7901 Old Poplar Pike, Germantown, TN 38138

THAYER, Mr. Arthur D., & BETHEL, Ms. Vicki,

1216 Hanover St., Chattanooga, TN 37405
THIERWECHTER, M/M Glen, 521 Picture Ridge, Chattanooga, TN 37421
THOMAS, Mr. Steven C., 7023 Fairington Cr., Hixson, TN 37343
THOMAS, Jr., M/M Charles S., 1005 Hillcrest Ave., Columbia, TN 38401
TILSON, Ms. Sara, 7984 Highway 70, Memphis, TN 38133
TJOELKER, M/M Mark, 2406 Lalor Road, Oregon, WI 53575
TOLLETT, Geraldine C., 86-A Westgate Circle, Cookeville, TN 38501
TOONE, M/M Edwin L., 204 Port Drive, Madison, TN 37115
TORBETT, M/M David, 5305 White Horse Road, Knoxville, TN 37919
TORCIGLIONI, M/M Ralph, 2800 Barber Hi lie Lane, Knoxville, TN 37920
TOWNSEND, Carolyn D., 5233 Hickory Hollow Road, Knoxville, TN 37919
TRICE, Mrs. Li l lard, 817 Cedar Bluff Rd., Knoxville, TN 37923
TRONOLONE, Mr. Nick, 9900 Rainbow Dr., Concord, TN 37922
TROY, M/M Norman W., 328 N. Putter Circle, Winterhaven, FL 33881
TUCKER, M/M John D., 1892 Wicklow Way, Germantown, TN 38138
TUCKER, Miss Melissa, 284 Garry Drive, Nashville, TN 37211
TUCKER, Jr., Charles L., 1 Irving Place, Lookout Mtn., TN 37350
TURNER, Miss Helen, 3005 Walnut Grove Rd., #1, Memphis, TN 38111
TYM, Ms. Alice L., Route 2, Box 126, McDonald, TN 37353
UTLEY, Jackie & WILLIAMS, Lynn, 590 Wallace Road, Jackson, TN 38305
VALENTINE, Janet & Margaret, 700 Ashport Road, Jackson, TN 38305
VANCE IV, MD, Dr. Dan B., 1880 Partridge Road, Cleveland, TN 37312
VANCE, Mr. Dave, 4950 Marianne Lane, Memphis, TN 38117
VANCLEAVE, M/M James F., Route 2, Box 2488, Tullahoma, TN 37388
VAUGHN, Mr. David, 928 Lakewood Drive, Fairfield Glade, TN 38555
VAUGHN, Mrs. Qma N., 810 Bellevue Road, Bldg. 5,

Unit 115, Nashville, TN 37221-2730
VOGT, Mr. David F., 7818 Old Charlotte Pike, Nashville, TN 37209
WADE, Miss Mary Ann, 1644 Goodbar Ave., Memphis, TN 38104

CHAT 1976
CORR 1954
HR 1986

NASH 1947
CHAT 1979
CHAT 1988
KNOX 1983
HR 1975
HERN 1982
HR 1982
KNOX 1990
TAL 1965
CHAT 1987
MEM 1989
CHAT 1968
CHAT 1988
HERN 1976
KNOX 1940
NASH 1968
CORR 1959
MEM 1975
KNOX 1987
MEM 1987

CHAT 1982
CHAT 1986
CHAT 1989
COL 1979
MEM 1990
KNOX 1988
TAL 1990
NASH 1990
KNOX 1987
KNOX 1989
KNOX 1988
KNOX 1979
KNOX 1982
HR 1983
MEM 1980
SEL 1988
CHAT 1988
MEM 1968
CHAT 1983
JAC 1990
JAC 1990
CHAT 1985
MEM 1973
HR 1989
CUMB 1988

NASH 1976
NASH 1978
MEM 1973

39

THE MIGRANT

MARCH

WAHL, Dr. Joseph, 1240 Lakewood Trace, Cookeville, TN 38501

WAKELAND, Mrs. Violette, Box 433, Monteagle, TN 37356

WAKEMAN, M/M Richard B., Route 8, Box 8792, Manchester, TN 37355

WALDON, Jr., Mr. H. Phillip, 454 N. McNeil, Memphis, TN 38112

WALDRON, Martha, 1626 Yorkshire Dr., Memphis, TN 38119

WALKER, Anna W., Route 3, Box 764, Jefferson City, TN 37760

WALKER, Ms. Ellen J., 1024 Sunset Drive, Clarksville, TN 37040

WALKER, Ms. Willena S., 609 Adams Street, Manchester, TN 37355

WALKER, Mrs. William M., 320 S. W. 12th Street, Gainesville, FL 32601

WALKUP, Mr. Kenneth A., 309 Leopole Road, Nashville, TN 37211

WALL, Mr. George, 2926 Emery Drive, Donelson, TN 37214

WALLACE, Dr. Gary O., Rt. 7, Box 338, Sunrise Dr., Elizabethton, TN 37643

WALLACE, Mrs. Gary 0., Rt. 7, Box 338, Sunrise Dr., Elizabethton, TN 37643

WALSH, M/M James, Route 11, Box 420 Elizabethton, TN 37643

WALTER, Jam's E. 7518 Leemont Drive, #B, Chattanooga, TN 37421-4025

WARD, Donna Louise, 220 Georgia Avenue, McKenzie, TN 38201

WARD, Mr. Frank, 605 Holston Avenue, Elizabethton, TN 37643

WARDEN, Miss Margaret L., 1806 E. Belmont Circle, Nashville, TN 37212

WARNER, Ruth R., 4415 Harding Place, Nashville, TN 37205

WATKIN, Bob & Alice, 1009 N. Ri Vermont Place, Chattanooga, TN 37415

WATKINS, Miss Violet Jane, 2845 Kenway Road, Nashville, TN 37215

WATSON, M/M James Craig, H. C. Box 1531, Moncks Corner, SC 29641

WATSON, Miss Shelley, H. C. Box 1531, Moncks Corner, SC 29641

WEAVER, M/M George R., Route 1, Box 1078, Afton, TN 37616

WEINSTEIN, Mrs. Albert, 3901 Harding Road, Box 38, Nashville, TN 37205

WEISE, Dr. Charles M., 2314 E. Stratford Court, Shorewood, WI 53211

WELCH, Corene, 26R Foxboro Cove, Jackson, TN 38308

WELLS, M/M Charles, Route 3, Manchester, TN 37355

WELSH, Linda, 89 Navajo Cove, Jackson, TN 38305

WESSELS, Mrs. Anna M., 2550 Union Ave., Memphis, TN 38112

WEST, M/M Eugene M., Route 2, Box 536,

Morris Ferry Bridge Road, Est ill Springs, TN 37330
WEST, M/M Gene, Route 2, Box 248, Est i l l Springs TN 37330
WEST, Dr. Judy, Route 4, Box 4628, Manchester, TN 37355
WESTLUND, Mr. Bruce, 7312 Cavalier Drive, Nashville, TN 37221
WHITE, Mrs. Sara Jo, 1055 Barrel Springs Hollow Road, Franklin, TN 37064
WHITEHEAD, Mrs. Thomas W., Route 8, Box 5-B, Johnson City, TN 37601
WHITENER, M/M R. E., & Marilyn

7135 Sylar Road, Ooltewah, TN 37363
WHITLEY, M/M William T., 177 N. Highland, #615, Memphis, TN 38111
WHITTINGTON, M/M Richard L., 338 Williamsburg Lane, Memphis, TN 38117
WICKERSHAM, Barbara, 7314 John Norton Road, Knoxville, TN 37920
WILBANKS, Eddie K., 407 Wynn Street, Tiptonville, TN 38079
WILBUR, Barbara B., 230 Ussery Road, Clarkesvi l le, TN 37043
WILKINSON, Ms. Marion, 621 Iris Drive, Manchester, TN 37355
WILLARD, Ms. Lillie, Kingsley Apt. 2-D,

100 N. Washington St., Tullahoma, TN 37388
WILLIAMS, M/M Jack A., Route 17, 2608 Reagan Road, Knoxville, TN 37931
WILLIAMS, Mr. Morris D., Route 5, Box 167, Lawrenceburg, TN 38464
WILLIAMS, Mrs. Virginia N., Route 6, Box 355A, Greeneville, TN 37743
WILLIAMS, Jr., Mr. Dan N., 108 Wilder Dr., Signal Mountain, TN 37377
WILLIAMSON, Ms. Merrie Mae, 3702 Provence St., Chattanooga, TN 37411
WILLIAMSON, S. Page & Gail, 358 River Oaks Road, Memphis, TN 38119
WILLIS, M/M Wylie R., 103 Buffalo St., Lawrenceburg, TN 38464

CHAT

1987

HR

1974

HR

1990

MEM

1983

MEM

1970

KNOX

1989

NASH

1980

HR

1990

CORR

1935

NASH

1971

NASH

1990

HERN

1967

HERN

1971

HERN

1979

CHAT

1987

TAL

1981

HERN

1952

NASH

1926

NASH

1983

CHAT

1989

NASH

1955

CHAT

1985

CHAT

1989

GRE

1984

NASH

1974

CORR

1954

JAC

1990

HR

1987

JAC

1990

MEM

1977

CHAT

1948

HR

1948

HR

1990

NASH

1990

NASH

1982

HERN

1973

CHAT

1989

MEM

1972

MEM

1974

KNOX

1985

JAC

1990

TAL

1987

HR

1990

HR

1978

KNOX

1989

BR

1969

GRE

1978

CHAT

1981

CHAT

1990

MEM

1989

BR

1972

1990

MEMBERSHIP LIST

40

WILSON, Dr. Donella J., 300 Cross Timbers Drive, Nashville, TN 37221

WILSON, Mrs. Dot, 440 W. Grand, Jackson, TN 38301

WILSON, Eileen P., 406 Locust Hill Lane, Knoxville, TN 37920

WILSON, Mr. Ferrell, 1055 Warrior Drive, Murfreesboro, TN 37129

WILSON, Mr. Jeff R., 6298 Memphis/Arlington Rd., Memphis, TN 38134

WILSON, Mrs. John T., P. 0. Box 38, Hillsboro, TN 37342

WILSON, M/M Ray N., 776 Margo Lane, Memphis, TN 38122

WILSON, M/M Richard 0., 4718 Gwynne Road, Memphis, TN 38117

WILSON, Dr. & Mrs. Ted, 2084 Kirby Road, Memphis, TN 38119

WINFIELD, M/M Alan, 2105 Chickering Lane, Nashville, TN 37215

WISE, Betty, P. 0. Box 150684, Nashville, TN 37215

WISER, M/M Richard, 585 Miller Lane, Lawrenceburg, TN 38464

WITT, Dr. Terry J., Woman's Clinic\Highland Terrace

Prof. Park, 507 Highland Terrace, Murfreesboro, TN 37130
WOLFF, M/M Charles R., 1409 Towson Drive, Columbia, TN 38401
WOOD, M/M D. L., Route 2, Box 334, Estill Springs, TN 37330
WOOD, Miss Mary, P. O. Box 8, Woodbury, TN 37190
WOODRING, M/M George B., Route 1, Brentwood, TN 37027
WORKMAN, Miss Virginia A., 2215 Abbott Martin Rd.,

Apt. B-7, Nashville, TN 37215

WRIGHT, Mrs. Blair, 3676 Walnut Grove Rd., Memphis, TN 38111

WRIGHT, Jr., M/M Eugene B., 512 Virginia Drive, Lawrenceburg, TN 38464

WUEST, Ms. Elizabeth A., 201 Villanova Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830

WURZEL, M/M Leonard, 8116 Shady Place, Brentwood, TN 37027

YAMBERT, M/M D. W., Route #26, Dry Gap Pike, Knoxville, TN 37918

YEATMAN, Dr. & Mrs. Harry C., P. O. Box 356, Sewanee, TN 37375

YELTON, Nancy, 38 Broadmoor, Jackson, TN 38305

YORK, M/M Grady L., Box 100, Manchester, TN 37355

YOUNG, Howard & Anne, 1909 East Sevier Ave., Kingsport, TN 37664

ZAENGLEIN, Mr. Ralph J., P. O. Box 1788, Maryville, TN 37802

ZIMMERMAN, Ms. Mary A., 180 Wallace Road, Apt. G-14, Nashville, TN 37211

ZIPPERER, M/M Andrew, 277 Clearlake Drive W., Nashville, TN 37217

ZIPPERER, Mr. Stephen, 630 Bell Road, Apt. 157, Antioch, TN 37013

NASH

1990

JAC

1990

KNOX

1985

MURF

1988

MEM

1975

HR

1980

MEM

1986

MEM

1984

MEM

1987

NASH

1983

NASH

1983

BR

1990

MURF

1982

COL

1985

HR

1989

NASH

1963

NASH

1927

NASH

1960

MEM

1984

BR

1990

KNOX

1987

NASH

1981

KNOX

1984

HR

1934

JAC

1990

HR

1974

TAL

1973

TAL

1955

NASH

1987

NASH

1988

NASH

1989

The information in this directory is intended for the personal use of the Tennessee Ornithological Society. This directory
is copyrighted and may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the written permission of the Treasurer of the
Tennessee Ornithological Society.

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

The Migrant records observations and studies of birds in Tennessee and adjacent
areas. Most articles are written by members of the Tennessee Ornithological
Society.

SUBMISSIONS: The original and, if feasible, two copies of the manuscript
should be sent to the Editor: T. David Pitts, Biology Department, University of
Tennessee at Martin, Martin, TN 38238. Manuscripts that have been published in
other journals should not be submitted.

MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee
ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, and scientifically accurate.

STYLE: Both articles and short notes are solicited; recent issues of The Migrant
should be used as a guide in the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is
needed, reference should be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals', this
book is available at many public libraries and from the American Institute of
Biological Sciences, 1401 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209.

COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8.5 x 11” paper with
adequate margins for editorial notations. Tables should be prepared on separate
sheets with appropriate title and column headings. Photographs intended for
reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on glossy white paper; black and
white photographs will usually reproduce better than color photographs. Weights,
measurements, and distances should be in metric units. Dates should be in “con-
tinental” form (e.g., 16 March 1968). Use the 24-hour clock (e.g., 0500 or 1900).

NOMENCLATURE: The common and scientific names of a species should be
given the first time it is mentioned. The scientific name should be underlined.
Names should follow the A.O.U. Check-list of North American Birds (1983 edition
or subsequent supplements).

TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive.

ABSTRACT: Manuscripts of five or more typed pages should include an
abstract. The abstract should be less than 5% of the length of the manuscript. It
should include a brief explanation of why the research was done, the major results,
and why the results are important.

LITERATURE CITED: List all literature citations in a Literature Cited section
at the end of the text. Text citations should include the author and year.

IDENTIFICATION: Manuscripts including reports of rare or unusual species or
of species at atypical times will be reviewed by the TOS Certification Committee
before publication in The Migrant. Verifying evidence should include: date, time,
light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment, distance,
behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic markings,
experience of observer, other observers verifying the identification, and reference
works consulted.

REPRINTS: Reprints are available to authors on request. Billing to authors will
be through the TOS Treasurer.

SEASON REPORTS: Observations that are to be considered for publication in
The Season section should be mailed to the appropriate Regional Compiler. Consult
a recent issue of The Migrant for the name and address of the compilers.

CONTENTS

THE 1990 CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT

Damien J. Simbeck 1

RECENT RECORDS OF WOOD STORKS IN
KNOX COUNTY, TENNESSEE

Charles P. Nicholson 10

THE SEASON — FALL: 1 AUGUST — 30 NOVEMBER 1989

Robert P. Ford 12

Western Coastal Plain Region. Martha G. Waldron 12

Highland Rim and Basin Region. David F. Vogt 15

Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. Richard L. Knight 16

Eastern Mountain Region. Richard P. Lewis 20

Observers 22

1990 MEMBERSHIP LIST OF

THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY 23

[VOL. 61, 1990]

ACTUAL MAILING DATE: 6 FEB. 1991

QL

684

T2M636

Birds

•A QUARTERLY JOURNAL
DEVOTEDvTO TEN N ESSEW BIRDS

ill

| ORNITHOLOGICAL^
Wk SOCIETY

LOV, S . V.1 1 r v ' > ; ’> . 'v;

JUNE 1990

3L. 61, NO. 2

THE MIGRANT

A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY

FIRST ISSUE PUBLISHED IN JUNE 1930

Published by

THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Founded at Nashville, Tennessee on 7 October 1915
The T.O.S. is a non-profit, educational, scientific,
and conservation organization.

EDITORIAL STAFF

Editor — T. David Pitts, Biology Dept. UTM, Martin, TN 38238
State Count Compiler — Susan McWhirter, 4962 Gwynne, Memphis, TN

38117

Season Editor — Robert P. Ford, Tennessee Dept, of Conservation,
460 Ozier Road, Pinson, TN 38366

OFFICERS FOR 1989-1991

President — Barbara Finney, P.O. Box 1 1667, Knoxville, TN 37919
Vice Presidents:

East Tenn. — J.B. Owen, 2324 Antietam Road, Knoxville, TN 37917
Middle Tenn. — Portia MacMillan, 3201 Overlook Drive, Nashville,
TN 37212

West Tenn. — Virginia Reynolds, 4241 Waymar Dr., Memphis, TN 38 1 17
Directors-at-Large:

East Tenn. — Dee Eiklor, Rt. 1 1, Box 178, Gray, TN 37615
Middle Tenn. — David Snyder, Biology Department, Austin Peay
State University, Clarksville, TN 37044
West Tenn. — John R. Conder, P.O. Box 443, Camden, TN 38320
Curator — James T. Tanner, 417 Switzerland Dr., Knoxville, TN 37920
Secretary — Nancy Tanner, 417 Switzerland Dr., Knoxville, TN 37920
Treasurer — George R. Payne, 5834 Edgewater Cove #2, Memphis,

TN 38134

All TOS members receive The Migrant and the TOS newsletter, The Tennessee
Warbler. The newsletter carries information about meetings, forays, and club activities.

Annual dues are $10.00 for an Active membership. Other categories of membership
are: Student - $5.00; Family - $12.00; Library - $15.00; Sustaining - $20.00; Life - $200.00.
Chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses. Dues, contributions, and be-
quests are deductible from Federal income and estate taxes. Back issues of The Migrant
may be purchased from the Curator. Please correspond with the Treasurer for subscriptions,
memberships, and changes of address.

Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December).

Printed by Tennessee Industrial Printing Services, Inc., 51 Miller Ave., Jackson, TN 38305.

Copyright © 1990 by the Tennessee Ornithological Society

THE MIGRANT

Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society,
to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee.

Issued in March, June, September, and December.

VOL. 61 June 1990 NO. 2

The Migrant, 61(2):41-43, 1990.

FIRST TENNESSEE RECORD OF THE
ASH-THROATED FLYCATCHER

Fred J. Alsop, III

Department of Biological Sciences
East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614

On 22 December 1985, 1 was birding in a party of five on the Kingsport Audubon
Christmas Bird Count in Sullivan County. At approximately 1015 hours we parked
our cars in the pulloff at the west end of Riverfront Park just off Netherland Inn
Road where the North Fork and the South Fork of the Holston Rivers merge. We
scattered and had birded the immediate area around the parking lot and along the
river banks about 15 minutes when Rick A. Phillips called us back to the parking
lot to observe a “Great Crested Flycatcher” ( Myiarchus crinitus ) he had located on
the hillside above our vehicles. All five of us, Rick, Tom F. Laughlin, M. Tim Jones,
Marie Jones and me (FJA), located the bird in the open and studied it from a distance
of 6 m with binoculars ranging from 7 to 9x for approximately 20 minutes. Viewing
conditions were excellent. The sky was overcast with a thin layer of clouds and the
midmoming light was bright, but without strong shadows. The temperature was
around -2.2 C (the maximum temperature for the day was 1.6 C).

The flycatcher was perched on the upper branching stems of a pokeweed plant
( Phytolacca americana ) that was part of a cluster of 20 or more of these plants
ranging in height from 1 to 3 m and growing in the open at the edge of a stand of
hardwood trees on the hillside. The flycatcher would leave its perch on the
pokeweed to feed on the fruiting clusters of purple-black berries. While eating, the
bird stood on the berry-bearing stalks and picked the fruits one at a time. It would
eat several of the berries and then return to a perch on the pokeweed. In the time
we observed it, it never left the pokeweed, always alternating its activities between
perching on the low plants and feeding on the poke berries. We never observed it
more than 3 m above the ground and we never saw it take any insects. The bird
appeared stressed. It held its wings in a somewhat drooped position against its sides
and its flights in the clump of pokeweeds seemed sluggish. We felt it was not
healthy and that we could probably return later in the day and find its body
(individually, Rick and I returned several times that day, and on several subsequent
days, looking for the flycatcher, but we never saw it again).

As we began to observe the bird initially, I cautioned everyone to consider that
any flycatcher other than an Eastern Phoebe ( Sayornis phoehe) found in Tennessee

41

42

THE MIGRANT

JUNE

in mid-winter was a most unusual sighting and that we should carefully note and
agree upon all the fieldmarks of this Myiarchus species because it could be a
western species instead of a Great Crested Flycatcher. The following field charac-
teristics were scored by all five observers: The tail and wings were reddish-brown.
The tail was darker near its base on the upper side and the individual tail feathers
were darker brown on their outer margins. The wings showed two conspicuous
whitish bars. The bill was dark. The throat, chin and upper breast were pale gray
being lighter, almost white, on the chin and throat. The gray of the breast blended
gradually into the pale yellow of the lower breast and belly. The underparts to the
end of the undertail coverts were pale yellow. The head was grayish-brown and
slightly crested. The bird appeared to us like a very pale, washed-out Great Crested
Flycatcher, but none of us had ever seen one in winter and didn’t know if there was
an alternate plumage not described by the eastern field guides we carried (Peterson
1980). The bird made no vocalizations in our presence.

I was the only one in the party with prior field experience with the Ash-throated
Flycatcher (M. cinerascens ) and it was not until I was able to work in my home
library late that night that I was convinced that the flycatcher we had studied was,
indeed, an Ash-throated Flycatcher. Everything we had noted as we studied the
flycatcher on the spot, and that I had recorded in my field notes, agreed only with
the characteristics of an Ash-throated Flycatcher, not a Great Crested Flycatcher.
Several days later I talked by telephone with Tom Imhof, regional editor for
American Birds , for the Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee region. We discussed
all the aspects of our field observation and he concurred with my contention that
the species was, indeed, an Ash-throated Flycatcher (the bird was accepted by him
as this species and was published as such in the Kingsport Christmas Count, 801,
pages 1043-1044, American Birds , 50 (4)). This sighting constitutes the first known
record for the Ash-throated Flycatcher for Tennessee.

This record for the Ash-throated Flycatcher in Tennessee, is, perhaps, not as
unexpected as it may first appear. William L. Murphy, writing in American Birds
(1982), states, “The Ash-throated Flycatcher ( Myiarchus cinerascens ), once con-
sidered to be an accidental visitor east of the Mississippi River, has become a
regular fall and occasional spring visitor in recent years.” Murphy (1982) presents
an annotated list of sightings, seasonal and geographic patterns of sighting, and
characteristics by which field observers can distinguish the species of Myiarchus
flycatchers found in America north of Mexico from the Ash-throated Flycatcher.
Information he lists (Murphy 1982), including visual characteristics and behavior,
add to my own personal convictions as to the correct identity of the bird I observed
in Kingsport.

Murphy (1982), in noting the seasonal distribution of this flycatcher east of the
Mississippi River in the period from 1911 to the mid-1980’s, states, “Most records
are from September to December, with late November and early December accounting
for peak numbers of observations.” Commenting on the bird’s behavior he (Murphy
1982) remarks, “The height at which most Ash-throated Flycatchers have been observed
in the East is a matter that many observers have regarded as having sufficient
significance to merit mention in their reports. With few exception, (sic) all eastern
sightings have been of birds that remained within a few feet of the ground.” Murphy
(1982) examined many specimens of Myiarchus flycatchers in the collection of the
U.S. National Museum and notes, “Every specimen of M. cinerascens has pale

1990

ASH-THROATED FLYCATCHER

43

yellow on the belly and has mandibles that are dark brown, almost black, to the
base. Furthermore, M. cinerascens was the only species with a very pale gray or
even whitish throat and breast. All other species had graying throats and breasts,
the color of which contrasted strongly and abruptly with the lemon underparts.”
The nearest known sighting of an Ash-throated Flycatcher to the Kingsport
sighting was in Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina (Murphy 1982), ap-
proximately 180 km east-southeast, 15 May 1973.

LITERATURE CITED

Murphy, W.L., 1982. The Ash-throated Flycatcher in the East: an overview. American Birds,
36(3):241-247.

Peterson, R.T., 1980. A field guide to the birds east of the Rockies. Houghton Mifflin Co.,
Boston.

Accepted 1 March 1990.

The Migrant, 61(2):43, 1990.

BOOK REVIEW

ANOTHER FIELD GUIDE TO LITTLE-KNOWN & SELDOM-SEEN BIRDS
OF NORTH AMERICA. Ben, Cathryn, and John Sill. 1990. Peachtree Publishers,
Ltd. Atlanta, GA. 80 p. $8.95. Paper.

Well, they have done it again. The three Sillies have combined for another look
at those birds everyone really sees but which never seem to be officially recognized
by the A.O.U. From the Mangrove Penguin to the Rear-tailed Evader, this small
illustrated volume contains descriptions and accounts of 32 “species.” Each ac-
count includes a particular humorous anecdote or wry combination of impos-
sibilities; for example, the aromagram for the Greater Noxious Grossbird, which
perhaps would be more appropriately be expressed on a logarithmic scale; and the
description of the Broad-billed Babbler that itself exemplifies the species. Added
to this work are finer details of the phylogeny of certain species, such as the
prediction that somewhere out there will be or was a caprimulgid that had the call
“Will.” This little, well-illustrated volume is a lot of fun, like its predecessor. I
found it somewhat less plausible than the first, but am convinced that readers of
The Migrant will enjoy it. My only reservation in recommending it heartily is that
they have again ignored a prominent southern species, the Red-naped Owl, whose
pellets I have repeatedly found. Maybe next time; maybe not! — PAUL B. HAMEL

The Migrant, 61(2):44, 1990.

RUFF IN NORTHEAST TENNESSEE
Richard L. Knight

804 North Hills Drive, Johnson City, TN 37604

On 10 May 1989 I observed a breeding plumaged female Ruff ( Philomachus
pugnax) at Austin Springs, Washington County, Tennessee. The bird associated
with a small flock of Greater ( Tringa melanoleuca ) and Lesser Yellowlegs (7.
flavipes) in a pasture field of short to medium-high grass with numerous rain
puddles. This field is adjacent to the upper portion of the Watauga River prong of
Boone Lake. Initial observations were through 7x binoculars and a 20x spotting
scope at distances of 15-40 m for about 30 minutes. The sky was overcast and local
visibility was good.

Compared to the yellowlegs, the Ruff was about the same size as the Lesser,
though not quite as tall and perhaps a little plumper. The back, wings and head
were a medium-dark brown. The breast was a lighter brown with several thin black
bars, gradually blending into a white belly. A short dark line extended through the
eye. The bill was black, shorter than the Lesser Yellowlegs’ bill and thicker at the
base, tapering to a slightly drooped tip. When viewed head-on, a buffy-white ring
around the base of the bill was discernible. The legs were dingy yellow and
appeared slightly shorter than those of the Lesser Yellowlegs. In flight, the sides
of the rump were white, appearing to join distally as a U- or V- shaped band on an
otherwise brown rump and tail. A faint, narrow white wingbar was visible also.
The Ruff skulked through the grass and fed with a pecking action. No calls were heard.
The combination of observed field marks, especially the breast and rump patterns
and the bill, eliminated possible confusion with Upland Sandpiper ( Bartramia
longicauda ), Pectoral Sandpiper ( Calidris melanotos) and Stilt Sandpiper (C.
himantopus). References consulted shortly after the initial observation were Scott
(1983) and Hayman et al. (1986). Present for four days, the Ruff was last seen on
13 May. Over 20 people viewed the bird.

There are two published sight records of Ruff in Tennessee: 6-9 April 1972, one
in Sequatchie County (Shafer 1972) and 21 August 1988, one in Shelby County
(Waldron 1989).

Literature Cited

Hayman, P., J. Marchant and T. Prater. 1986. Shorebirds, an identification guide to the
waders of the world. Houghton Miflin, Boston.

Scott, S.L. (ed.). 1983. Field guide to the birds of North America. National Geographic
Society, Washington, D.C.

Shafer, W.L. 1972. First known record of a Ruff in Tennessee. Migrant 43:86.

Waldron, M. 1989. Second record of Ruff in Tennessee. Migrant 60:51.

Accepted 18 July 1989.

44

The Migrant, 61(2):45-48.

MINUTES OF THE 1990 TOS BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING

The Board of Directors Meeting was held at the Ramada Inn on Mt. Moriah Road
in Memphis on May 5, 1990, with 23 directors in person and two who were
represented by proxies. President Barbara Finney called the meeting to order at
2:45 p.m. and copies of the minutes of the 1989 fall meeting were distributed. Fred
T. Carney moved the minutes be approved as written. Helen Dinkelspiel seconded
it and the motion carried.

VICE-PRESIDENTS AND DIRECTORS AT LARGE: There were no reports.

TREASURER George Payne reported that from 13 October 1989 to 1 May 1990,
income was $16,635.43 and expenses were $9,153.96. Current assets are
$62,041.74. The report is filed with the. secretary.

George Payne listed the paid membership as 775 members with several chapters
still to report. A new chapter in Jackson has 26 memberships.

CURATOR James Tanner reported the sale of back issues of THE MIGRANT
brought $20. No additions were made to the archives.

EDITOR, THE MIGRANT: David Pitts reported that Bob Ford has replaced
John Robinson as Season Editor, and Susan McWhirter has replaced Damien
Simbeck as State Count Compiler. A compiler is still needed for the hawk counts.

The September 1989 issue of THE MIGRANT is ready and will be mailed May
16. It is a small issue of 24 pages, including the TOS Constitution and Bylaws. Four
different colors will again be used for the covers of THE MIGRANT for the
different seasons. The printer has been changed to the Tennessee Industrial Printing
Services in Jackson, which charges five cents a page compared to the seventeen
cents charged by Allen Press, the former printer.

David Pitts asked for pictures for the special 75th Anniversary issue. He needs
photos of chapters, chapter officers, field trips, and special occasions. He would
like suggestions concerning the contents and the special cover for that issue.

David Pitts reported that he had received two requests for THE MIGRANT to
carry advertising. Don Davidson moved that there be no advertising in THE
MIGRANT. Ken Dubke seconded and the motion passed.

Barbara Finney showed the two designs which had been submitted in the contest
for a new cover for THE MIGRANT. Chuck Nicholson moved that we accept these
as entrants but that the contest for a new cover remain open until the next annual
meeting, at which time the membership would vote. Fred T. Carney seconded and
the motion carried.

NOMINATING COMMITTEE: Jim Ferguson reported that the committee
would place the name of Bob Ford in nomination for president-elect.

FINANCE COMMITTEE: Jim Tanner said the committee approved the
Treasurer’s Report.

BREEDING BIRD ATLAS: Chuck Nicholson reported that field work will take
six seasons. This is the fifth season, and if the weather is good, almost all the priority
blocks in East Tennessee will be completed. Middle Tennessee will be about 80%
finished and West Tennessee about 60% done. The project raised over $3,500 since
the fall meeting of TOS. A large portion of this money will be spent on hiring

45

46

MINUTES

JUNE

Atlasers to work blocks this summer. He also reported that the contract for
publication has been signed with the UT Press.

CONSERVATION AND EDUCATION: Ken Dubke reported that the 1986
resolution sent by the Colum bia chapter to the Monsanto Company has saved three
or four of the ponds. Accord ing to Bob Hatcher, two Peregrine Falcons have been
seen in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and it is hoped that they will
raise young .One Red -cockad ed W ood p ecker is rep orted in Polk Cou n ty . Heronries
aredoing well,butBarn Owls are scarce.

PATCHES AND DECALS: Lil Dubke reported that Susan Watson has left
Tennessee and returned the patches and decals to her. There were not many left.
Barbara Finney showed anew design for the TOS decals and patches that Bill
Bridgeforth had suggested. George Mayfield moved that we investigate getting
new decals in whatevernumber between lOOand 1000 would be economical, and
that we discuss it at the Fall Meeting. Fred T. Carney seconded it and the motion
carried. George Mayfield moved and Brad Hammond seconded that we also
investigate patches. The motion carried, and Barbara Finney appointed Bill
Bridgeforth, Fred T. Carney, and George Mayfield as the committee.

FALLS YMPO SIUM : George Mayfield and David Pitts are the Fall Symposium
chairmen. The meeting will be on October 26-28, 1990at the Holiday Inn at
Dickson. David Pitts called for papers for the Symposium. George Mayfield will
try to make reservations now for Fall Creek Falls State Park for the 1992 fall
meeting, as it is necessary to book reservations over a year in advance at state parks.

TENNESSEE ENVIRONMENTALCOUNCIL: Ken Dubke reported that Bar-
bara Harris has been representing TOS at the meetings.

TOS AWARD S COMMITTEE: Ron Hoff sent letters to all the chapters and to
the directors at large, asking for nominations of members to receive the TOS
Distinguished Service Awards. The Awards Committee consisted of Ron Huff,
Richard Newton, and Barbara Finney, and the recipients were chosen both on the
basis of past contributions and on geographic location. The number of awards this
year is ten, a large number because it is the 75th Anniversary and because it is the
start of the awards. Fewer will be given in future years. Ron Hoff stated that the
utmost care is taken to insure fairness in the selection process,and that eventually
all deserving members will receive an award .

Ron Hoff showed a copy of the handsome certificate to be awarded, suitable for
framing. He also showed a sample lapel pin designed by Michael Darr of T. Darr’s
Jewelry in Knoxville. The lapel pin was in the shape of a mockingbird and would
cost $12-15 in silver and $40 in gold. Ken Dubke moved that Ron Hoff be
reimbursed for his financial outlay, and that we adopt a pin in silver with a
mockingbird on the letters TOS, and that it be used exclusively for the TOS Awards.
George Mayfield seconded and the motion passed.

FORAYS: Chuck Nicholson announced a foray on Memorial Day weekend at
Martin, and one at Pulaski on June 22.

BIRD-A-THON : Rick Knight announced a Bird-a-thon as a fundraiser for the
Breeding Bird Atlas. He and Jim Brooks and Brian Cross will make an exhaustive
count of the species of birds in Carter and Washington counties on May 9. They
hope to get 130- 140 species and ask the members to make a pledge per species.

1990

MINUTES

47

Richard Newton, president of the Nashville chapter, issued an invitation to the
TOS to hold the 1991 Annual Spring Meeting in Nashville the first week-end in
May. It was accepted.

There being no further business, the meeting adjourned at 3:30 p.m.

Respectfully submitted,

Nancy Tanner, Secretary TOS

TOS ANNUAL MEETING
75TH ANNIVERSARY

The seventy-fifth annual meeting of the TOS was held at the Ramada Inn on Mt.
Moriah Road in Memphis on May 5, 1990. Van Harris, president of the Memphis
Chapter, welcomed everyone, thanked his committees, and introduced the head
table. He also read a letter of welcome from the mayor of Memphis.

Barbara Finney, president of the TOS, convened the business meeting at 8:00
pm. and thanked the Memphis Chapter for a very successful meeting. Nancy
Tanner, secretary of TOS, read the minutes of the 1989 Spring Annual Meeting,
which were approved as read. The secretary then gave a summary of the Board of
Directors Meeting.

President Barbara Finney announced that the two designs which had been
submitted in the contest for a new cover for THE MIGRANT were on display. She
called on the chapters to advertise the contest locally.

Treasurer George Payne repeated his report as given at the Board of Directors
Meeting, and a copy was filed with the secretary.

Jim Ferguson, chairman of the Nominating Committee, placed the name of Bob
Ford in nomination for president-elect. Ron Hoff moved that the nominee be
elected by acclamation. Ken Dubke seconded and the motion carried.

Chuck Nicholson, chairman for the Breeding Bird Atlas, repeated the report he
had given to the Board of Directors and announced there would be a foray in Martin
on Memorial Day weekend, and one at Pulaski on June 22.

George Mayfield, co-chairman with David Pitts of the Fall Symposium, an-
nounced that the meeting will be at Dickson on October 26-28, 1990. He said to
contact David Pitts with papers for the Symposium.

Ron Hoff, chairman of the TOS Awards Committee, presented the recipients of
the TOS Distinguished Service Awards with handsome certificates. He gave an
account of each recipient’s contributions and service to TOS for which the honor
was awarded. The recipients were as follows:

From Memphis: Dr. Arlo Smith, Noreen Smith, and Mary Davant

From Nashville: Katherine Goodpasture and Sue Bell

From Chattanooga: Kenneth Dubke and Lillian Dubke

From the Lee R. Herndon Chapter: Lois Herndon

From Knoxville: J. B. Owen and Dr. James T. Tanner

Richard Knight announced a Bird-a-thon to raise money for the Breeding Bird
Atlas on May 9 in Carter and Washington counties. He asked members to sign
pledges of money for the number of species.

President Barbara Finney conducted a chapter roll call. There were 113 members
present from ten chapters and the Members at Large group. The business session
was then adjourned.

48

THE MIGRANT

JUNE

Jim Ferguson, chairman of the 75th Anniversary meeting, introduced three
charter members of the Memphis Chapter which began sixty years ago. They were
Mary Davant, John Embury, and Ben Coffey.

Jim Ferguson then introduced the speaker for the evening, Dr. James T. Tanner,
Curator of the TOS, who spoke on "The T.O.S. at 75, Looking Back — Looking
Forward.”

After the talk, Jim Ferguson thanked the speaker and presented him with a 75th
Anniversary plate designed and made by the potter, Agnes Stark.

President Barbara Finney closed the meeting at 9:20 p.m. by thanking Jim
Ferguson and all the members who had cooperated and worked so well.

Respectfully submitted,

Nancy Tanner, Secretary

The Migrant, 61(2):48-53, 1990,

1990 SPRING FIELD DAYS
Susan N. McWhirter

The 1990 Spring Field Days is the 45th annual count as published in this format.
Nine counts were held across the state for a total of 205 species, up from the 1989
total of 199 species, but still below a ten-year average of 214 species per yearly
count. Most counts reported cloudy skies with many also experiencing wind and
rain. Among the notable species were Sandhill Crane, Laughing Gull, Merlin,
Sharp-tailed Sparrow, and American Tree Sparrow.

INFORMATION ON THE COUNTS

MEMPHIS — 29 April; 0700-1800; cloudy to clear; wind light and variable;
temp. 60-80F; Shelby Forest S.P. in A.M., Penal Farm, Ensley Bottoms, and Robco
L. in P.M. 36 observers, Martha Waldron (compiler — 1626 Yorkshire Dr.,
Memphis 38119).

COLUMBIA — 27-28 April; Friday-clear and cool, overnight thunderstorms;
Saturday — intermittent rain; temp. 60-80F, wind S to SW, 5-15 MPH during
storms; 1 1 observers in 6 parties. William Fuqua, William Jemigan, Allyn Lay,
Bedford & Anne Lochridge, George (compiler — 999 Sunnyside Dr., Columbia
38401) & Cleo Mayfield, Wendell Robinson, Karen Stephens, Charges Wolfe.

MURFREESBORO — 28-29 April; overcast, intermittent sun, windy; temp.
46-58F; 36 hours, 435 miles. Bertha & Jim Chrietzberg, Bill & Lou A. Erwin, Edith
Haynes, Anne (compiler — 1018 Lawndale, Murfreesboro 37291) & Bob Hettish,
R.E. & W.J. Hunter, Ruth & M.R. McMillan, Eugene & Ruth Odom.

LEBANON — 5-6 May; 0630-2000; cloudy with showers to clear; temp.
54-69F; 3 miles by foot, 149 by car; 2 hrs. at feeders; 13 observers, Earline C. &
Vernon C. Berry, Jean Callis, Frank & Norma Crawford, June Gelpi, Melville R.
& Ruth V. McMillan (Compiler — R.R. 2, Box 141, Lacassas 37085), N. Kay
Norris, Ramona See, Margie & Martin Smith, Melissa A. & Roy Turrentine.

1990

1990 SPRING FIELD DAYS

49

HIGHLAND RIM — 27May, 1800-2200; 28 May, 0530-1800; mostly cloudy
and windy,but periods of showers, sun, calm; temp. 55-70F; 21 hrs. by car, 9 hrs.
on foot, 11 hrs. at feeders, 4hrs. owling;250miles by car, lOmiles on foot, 40
miles ow ling; 24 observers in 13 parties plus 6 at feeders; Don Davidson (compiler
— 1703 2nd Ave., Manchester 37355), Marjory Harper, Frank & Marguerite
Hernandez, Dot and Fred Latrem ore, Ruth Luckado, Agnes & H.D. Marcrom,
Corinne & Joe Martinez, Nicky & Phil Medley, Annie Norvell,Chloe & Howell
Peeb les, Erma Rogers, Betty Strib ling, Jean S u Hi van , Bobb ie Wood , Harry & Jean
Yeatman, Grady & Willa York.

CHATTANOOGA — 12 May; 0700- 1900; cloudy with somerain;wind S 18-29
mph;temp. 55-80F; 18 observers, Joan & Paul Bradshaw, Don Davidson, Ken
(compiler — 8139 Roy Ln.,Ooltewah 37363) & Lil Dubke,Paul Harris, John
Henderson, Ella & J.N . Howard, Bill & Polly Lane, Ruth Luckado, Barbara & Mike
McMahan, Tommie Rogers, Madeline Seefeld, Gladys Smith, Quin cyStykes. The
adult Laughing Gull was identified by the John Henderson party on Nickajack
Lake, Marion Co.;the Philadelphia Vireo was identified by Lil Dubke and others.

KNOXVILLE — 29 April; overcast skies in A.M . changing to partly cloudy by
P.M .; temp . 50-80F; 23 observers in 14 parties for 95. 1 party hours; 333.5 miles
by car, 38 on foot, 3 by boat; Ron Hoff (compiler — 4523 McCloud Rd ., Knoxville
37938).

GREEN EVILLE — 21 April; 0530-2 100; cloudy with slight rain; wind SW up
to 20mph ; temp . 64-59F; 30.25 hrs. by car, 23.5 hrs. on foot, 4 by boat, 1 hr. ow ling,
28.25 hrs. at feeders; 345 miles 1 mi. by car, 18.75 by foot, 3.5 by boat, 1 mi. ow ling;
18 observers in 12 parties plus 3 at feeders, Mark, Orland , & Phine Britton , Cynthia
& Herb Cragin, Juanita & Lenard Heckart, Jim Holt (compiler — 311 Colonial CL,
Greeneville 37743), Cindi Jones, Richard & Willie Ruth Nevius, Daniel J. Nieves,
Linda J. & Roy Northrop, Doug Ratledge, Jo Anne & Larry Routledge, Helen &
Royal Spees, George & Jean Weaver.

ELIZABETHTON — 12 May; 0430-2130; mostly cloudy; windy; temp. 46-
75F; 70 party hours; 15 observers in 5 parties; Jim Brooks, Brian Cross, Rusty
Dunn, Harold Everhart, Sally Good in, Dan Huffine,Rick Knight (compiler — 804
N. Hills Dr., Johnson City 37604), Richard Lewis, Dick Lura, Perry McDorman,
Tom McNeil, Stan Strickland, Glenn Swofford, Gary Wallace, Frank Ward.
Excellent details submitted for female Merlin seen by Dick Lura, and Sharp-tailed
Sparrow seen by Rick Knight, Jim Brooks, & Harold Everhart (10th local record,
1st in spring).

50

THE MIGRANT

JUNE

Table i.

1990 Spring Counts

Memp

Colu

Murf

Leba

High

Chat

Knox

Gree

Eliz

Common Loon

★

★

★

*

1

1

k

★

★

Pied-billed Grebe

1

1

★

★

1

★

k

*

k

Double-crested Cormorant 325

12

★

★

1

2

1

★

2

Great Blue Heron

13

8

1

8

23

15

14

3

k

Great Egret

*

★

★

★

★

k

1

*

k

Snowy Egret

3

*

★

*

★

k

k

*

k

Little Blue Heron

★

*

1

*

★

k

k

★

k

Cattle Egret

12

k

k

k

★

k

k

k

k

Green-backed Heron

4

12

4

k

2

5

9

11

9

Black-cr. Night Heron

*

5

2

k

★

k

1

*

*

Yellow-cr. Night Heron

2

*

k

k

★

1

★

2

*

Canada Goose

14

97

29

38

43

30

58

46

41

Wood Duck

15

20

4

8

4

6

53

55

53

American Black Duck

★

★

*

*

k

★

k

11

★

Mallard

33

12

5

6

14

6

7

17

47

Blue-winged Teal

51

21

*

k

1

★

2

1

7

Northern Shoveler

*

2

*

k

★

★

*

*

★

Gadwall

2

1

*

k

★

1

*

*

★

American Wigeon

*

*

*

k

k

2

*

★

★

Ring-necked Duck

★

5

*

k

k

k

*

4

k

Bufflehead

*

k

★

k

k

k

*

*

1

Hooded Merganser

*

k

k

k

k

1

*

*

*

Red-breasted Merganser

k

4

k

k

k

k

*

*

1

Black Vulture

k

25

17

13

3

6

8

29

2

Turkey Vulture

*

65

2

31

13

6

22

74

34

Osprey

*

2

k

*

*

k

6

1

*

Mississippi Kite

25

*

k

k

*

k

*

★

★

Bald Eagle

★

★

k

k

*

1

*

★

*

Northern Harrier

★

1

k

k

*

★

*

4

★

Sharp-Shinned Hawk

2

3

k

k

*

1

1

4

1

Cooper’s Hawk

*

3

2

2

*

*

*

1

1

Red-shouldered Hawk

2

1

k

1

*

3

*

*

★

Broad-winged Hawk

4

2

k

2

2

3

7

12

5

Red-tailed Hawk

9

16

4

8

7

2

10

14

4

American Kestrel

5

13

14

11

4

1

4

12

12

Merlin

*

*

k

k

★

★

*

k

1

Ruffed Grouse

k

★

k

k

★

*

*

k

3

Wild Turkey

2

k

k

1

1

★

*

k

2

Northern Bobwhite

3

39

2

14

11

6

29

44

12

Sora

*

9

k

k

*

★

*

k

★

Sandhill Crane

*

k

k

k

*

★

*

1

k

American Coot

k

4

k

2

1

4

*

★

k

Semipalmated Plover

5

*

k

k

*

1

*

★

k

Killdeer

*

50

13

20

30

10

45

41

23

Greater Yellowlegs

152

*

★

*

24

1

*

1

*

Lesser Yellowlegs

39

2

★

*

10

*

*

3

1

Solitary Sandpiper

17

23

2

*

21

3

8

3

21

Willet

*

k

k

*

8

k

*

★

*

Spotted Sandpiper

1

15

3

3

2

3

7

9

34

Semipalmated Sandpiper

2

7

k

k

*

1

*

k

*

Western Sandpiper

k

3

k

k

*

2

k

k

*

Least Sandpiper

15

5

k

k

8

3

k

k

7

Pectoral Sandpiper

50

*

k

k

10

k

k

k

1

1990

SPRING COUNTS

51

Table i.

1990 Spring Counts

Memp

Colu

Murf

Leba

High

Chat

Knox

Gree

Eliz

Stilt Sandpiper

10

★

*

★

: k

★

*

*

★

Dowitcher sp.

16

★

*

*

'k

*

*

•k

*

Short-billed Dowitcher

*

1

*

k

*

*

*

•k

k

Common Snipe

63

7

k

k

*

: k

4

1

k

American Woodcock

★

4

k

: k

: k

k

1

1

k

Laughing Gull

*

*

*

: k

k

1

*

★

k

Bonaparte’s Gull

*

4

*

k

k

*

3

*

k

Ring-billed Gull

11

1

*

k

2

30

16

3

3

Caspian Tern

*

2

★

k

★

7

*

★

★

Forster’s Tern

*

*

*

*

3

: k

*

★

★

Rock Dove

1 .

49

75

18

13

15

104

42

38

Mourning Dove

42

69

109

113

88

6

294

233

135

Black-billed Cuckoo

k

*

*

*

*

1

*

*

*

Yellow-billed Cuckoo

1

5

4

7

1

1

4

1

1

Barn-owl

★

★

2

*

★

*

*

2

2

Eastern Screech-owl

1

9

*

1

1

★

3

★

5

Great-homed Owl

2

7

1

*

1

'k

3

*

3

Barred Owl

3

7

*

*

1

1

*

★

1

Common Nighthawk

*

6

2

4

3

2

•k

*

14

Chuck-will ’s- widow

k

4

2

5

3

1

9

k

4

Whip-poor-will

k

5

2

2

2

*

1

1

4

Chimney Swift

28

85

32

70

32

35

169

82

184

Ruby-thr. Hummingbird

17

13

5

7

7

1

8

1

11

Belted Kingfisher

5

9

2

*

3

*

10

15

7

Red-headed Woodpecker

37

7

3

3

5

*

★

1

1

Red-bellied Woodpecker

82

58

11

11

17

8

81

44

21

Yel-bellied Sapsucker

*

*

*

*

1

*

*

1

*

Downy Woodpecker

6

43

7

11

10

4

40

34

7

Hairy Woodpecker

3

3

*

2

2

1

1

★

5

Northern Flicker

6

10

9

6

9

3

37

40

28

Pileated Woodpecker

11

11

1

2

3

5

20

27

23

Eastern Wood Pee wee

42

15

*

4

3

4

5

3

19

Empidonax sp.

1

*

*

k

★

k

★

1

★

Acadian Flycatcher

64

10

*

1

1

2

1

*

15

Willow Flycatcher

*

2

*

*

★

*

*

k

4

Least Flycatcher

*

1

*

*

★

★

*

k

6

Eastern Phoebe

6

17

2

16

4

2

26

22

19

Great Crested Flycatcher

33

12

1 '

16

7

1

8

1

19

Eastern Kingbird

26

63

37

23

25

3

21

5

28

Homed Lark

14

1

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Purple Martin

147

61

62

183

23

18

68

8

52

Tree Swallow

27

77

12

*

5

2

15

6

6

N. Rough-wng. Swallow

13

113

*

*

23

6

46

21

114

Bank Swallow

1

*

5

*

*

1

36

*

*

Cliff Swallow

*

*

*

*

8

10

: k

*

28

Bam Swallow

123

86

66

75

34

20

164

92

124

Blue Jay

34

70

42

100

51

18

314

179

79

American Crow

18

57

81

127

68

16

275

172

140

Fish Crow

5

*

k

*

★

*

*

*

*

Common Raven

*

*

k

*

*

★

★

*

4

Carolina Chickadee

46

65

14

62

24

20

162

78

46

Tufted Titmouse

112

72

15

47

26

21

109

69

36

52

THE MIGRANT

JUNE

Table i. 1990 Spring Counts, Continued

Memp

Colu

Murf

Leba

High

Chat

Knox

Gree

Eliz

Red-breasted Nuthatch

*

*

1

*

*

★

k

1

1

White-breasted Nuthatch

6

1

★

1

18

4

8

9

6

Brown-headed Nuthatch

*

*

★

*

★

4

*

*

: k

Brown Creeper

*

★

•k

1

★

★

*

*

*

Carolina Wren

119

119

12

45

8

26

193

40

84

Bewick’s Wren

*

1

*

*

*

*

*

★

*

House Wren

*

3

6

2

1

*

5

8

12

Marsh Wren

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

★

2

Golden-crowned Kinglet

★

★

*

*

*

*

'k

★

12

Ruby-crowned Kinglet

★

2

*

*

4

*

30

3

4

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher

139

106

*

11

17

10

66

10

35

Eastern Bluebird

35

1 10

52

143

46

25

68

91

57

Veery

4

2

*

*

*

1

3

★

3

Gray-cheeked Thrush

3

*

*

*

*

★

1

*

*

Swainson’s Thrush

51

1

*

*

*

1

41

*

5

Hermit Thrush

*

1

*

*

*

*

2

'k

*

Wood Thrush

60

12

*

6

3

5

62

*

15

American Robin

83

203

228

154

123

18

433

315

431

Gray Catbird

10

22

12

7

4

1

24

1

18

Northern Mockingbird

32

59

36

96

61

15

145

82

59

Brown Thrasher

11

42

21

27

18

6

37

36

25

Water Pipit

*

*

*

*

*

*

18

*

★

Cedar Waxwing

15

25

20

' k

3

10

108

97

43

Loggerhead Shrike

5

14

4

13

6

2

1

5

1

European Starling

84

308

5165

320

128

50

683

474

956

White-eyed Vireo

73

83

*

16

4

3

30

6

12

Solitary Vireo

*

*

: k

: k

★

★

4

★

11

Yellow-throated Vireo

7

4

'k

'k

3

2

7

*

4

Warbling Vireo

1

32

*

*

*

★

*

★

6

Philadelphia Vireo

*

1

•k

★

1

1

1

1

1

Red-eyed Vireo

53

57

2

17

8

25

162

2

81

Blue-winged Warbler

1

6

*

*

1

* k

7

★

2

Golden-winged Warbler

★

*

*

*

*

14

4

★

3

Tennessee Warbler

72

12

*

*

1

*

25

1

2

Orange-crowned Warbler

*

*

*

*

*

*

1

*

★

Nashville Warbler

2

1

*

*

2

*

7

★

★

Northern Parula

104

21

*

*

2

1

7

1

8

Yellow Warbler

★

56

*

7

1

2

10

10

40

Chestnut-sided Warbler

3

4

*

*

3

1

7

★

32

Magnolia Warbler

2

1

*

*

★

1

5

★

3

Cape May Warbler

*

1

*

*

2

1

18

★

2

Black-thr. Blue Warbler

★

★

*

★

*

*

3

*

25

Yellow-rumped Warbler

10

128

4

13

12

1

259

70

29

Black-thr. Green Warbler

10

5

*

*

1

1

42

*

11

Blackburnian Warbler

2

1

*

*

★

1

18

*

★

Yellow-throated Warbler

3

21

*

*

1

2

1

*

7

Pine Warbler

*

9

3

*

1

3

19

1

4

Prairie Warbler

*

28

*

11

7

*

8

*

4

Palm Warbler

*

110

15

5

6

1

12

*

★

Bay-breasted Warbler

1

4

*

★

2

1

2

*

5

Blackpoll Warbler

*

5

*

1

1

1

12

3

2

Cerulean Warbler

14

7

*

*

2

2

8

*

2

Black & White Warbler

9

4

*

2

1

1

17

*

24

1990

SPRING COUNTS

53

Table i.

1990 Spring Counts, Continued

Memp

Colu

Murf

Leba

High

Chat

Knox

Gree

Eliz

American Redstart

33

9

*

1

*

15

8

4

5

Prothonotary Warbler

33

24

2

4

1

3

4

★

1

Worm-eating Warbler

2

2

k

k

2

1

9

k

14

Swainson’s Warbler

2

*

: k

k

*

★

*

k

1

Ovenbird

3

1

k

k

3

k

19

k

55

Northern Waterthrush

★

2

k

k

★

k

1

1

3

Louisiana Waterthrush

5

9

k

k

1

1

3

*

5

Kentucky Warbler

32

14

k

k

2

3

8

k

12

Common Yellowthroat

25

84

3

28

8

4

54

7

23

Hooded Warbler

14

20

*

*

1

★

14

*

23

Canada Warbler

*

*

k

*

★

1

1

*

3

Yellow-breasted Chat

3

45

1

14

5

2

25

*

15

Summer Tanager

52

23

*

19

4

1

16

*

*

Scarlet Tanager

18

14

k

9

2

2

34

2

38

Northern Cardinal

161

235

91

158

106

12

341

160

125

Rose-breasted Grosbeak

12

1

★

*

3

1

31

*

9

Blue Grosbeak

1

5

*

10

2

2

11

1

5

Indigo Bunting

140

89

10

86

19

6

171

*

130

Painted Bunting

1

*

k

k

k

*

*

*

★

Dickcissel

47

*

1

★

k

*

*

*

k

Rufous-sided Towhee

10

142

8

51

14

6

127

29

42

American Tree Sparrow

*

*

★

*

★

*

*

1

k

Chipping Sparrow

10

32

11

23

22

10

52

59

30

Field Sparrow

7

67

19

82

8

12

87

37

18

Vesper Sparrow

*

*

k

*

*

*

*

1

*

Lark Sparrow

*

*

k

1

*

*

*

*

*

Savannah Sparrow

12

25

k

★

*

*

27

12

3

Grasshopper Sparrow

1

*

k

k

1

4

6

*

3

Sharp-tailed Sparrow

*

*

k

k

*

*

*

*

1

Fox Sparrow

*

k

1

k

*

*

*

*

*

Song Sparrow

1

2

*

k

2

12

181

47

102

Swamp Sparrow

k

13

k

k

1

*

7

*

2

White-throated Sparrow

12

81

9

k

5

1

140

155

*

White-crowned Sparrow

k

37

3

k

*

*

9

16

*

Dark-eyed Junco

*

1

★

k

*

*

*

3

15

Bobolink

150

*

k

k

k

*

20

*

16

Red-winged Blackbird

404

253

56

106

41

10

304

886

93

Eastern Meadowlark

60

181

84

156

85

6

242

183

76

Rusty Blackbird

★

*

20

k

★

*

★

*

*

Common Grackle

83

268

4144

249

216

28

678

510

550

Brown-headed Cowbird

217

140

9

81

39

6

135

94

79

Orchard Oriole

21

59

6

17

4

6

10

*

14

Northern Oriole

17

2

k

7

★

1

3

*

7

Purple Finch

*

★

k

k

1

*

k

13

*

House Finch

11

9

21

13

12

17

60

101

39

Pine Siskin

6

43

7

★

11

*

214

118

*

American Goldfinch

94

154

23

159

66

25

182

147

96

Evening Grosbeak

*

*

*

*

*

*

k

22

*

House Sparrow

20

83

22

17

44

15

140

56

60

Total Species

132

150

80

85

126

125

136

104

141

The Migrant, 6l(2):54, 1990.

IN MEMORIAM: DANIEL ROGER GRAY, JR., MD.

George R. Mayfield, Jr., MD.

No biographical sketch of Daniel Roger Gray, Jr., M.D. would be complete without men-
tioning the contributions to the Tennessee Ornithological Society of his father, Daniel R.
Gray, who joined T.O.S. in 1916, only one year after it was founded Dan R. Gray, Sr. had
a keen interest in falconry, shared by his son, in addition to a broader interest in ornitholo-
gy. This ultimately led him to join with several fellow birders from Columbia, Lewisburg,
and Pulaski to found the "Blue Grass Chapter" of T.O.S. in 1937.

Therefore Dan Gray, Jr. grew up in T.O.S. When I moved to Columbia in 1960, Dr.
Gray recalled our first meeting in 1937 on a field trip shared by Nashville and Blue Grass
Chapter members at the farm of Dr. O.J. Porter on Bear Creek Pike near Columbia. Duck
River was in flood and all participants were ferried to the Porter Farm in a flat bottom
boat across the backwaters.

Dr. Gray was Secretary of the Tennessee Ornithological Society in 1969-71. He served
as Middle Tennessee Vice-President 1981-83 and was again elected Vice President in May
1988 to complete the term of the late John Ellis. From September 1988 until May 1989
he served as President of T.O.S. following the resignation of the previous President. He
was a charter member and first President of the reorganized Columbia T.O.S. Chapter in
1975. He was an active field ornithologist and participated in bird counts in the Columbia
area from 1963 until his death. He served as President of his chapter again in 1987.

Dan Gray, Jr. was born October 19, 1916 in Maury County. He was raised on his
father’s farm located on the northern edge of Mt. Pleasant, Tn. His "Uncle Jeff" operated
an iron-smelting furnace at nearby Rockdale, Tennessee. He attended Hay-Long High
School in Mt. Pleasant and graduated as valedictorian in 1934. In 1938 he graduated from
The University of the South at Sewanee, Tn., again as valedictorian. There he received The
Algernon Sidney Sullivan Award and was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. He finished Har-
vard Medical School in 1942 and in 1943 was married to his childhood sweetheart, Gaither
Frierson, who lived on the adjacent farm across Bigby Creek. He interned at Children’s
Hospital in Boston, then trained in surgery at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital there, and at
Sloan Kettering Hospital in New York City.

After serving as a Captain in the U.S. Army Medical Corps and as a flight surgeon at
Randolph Field in San Antonio, he spent another year in Pathology training at Vanderbilt
University under the late Dr. Ernest Goodpasture, world renowned virologist, and husband
of T.O.S. member, Katherine Anderson Goodpasture.

He practiced medicine in Columbia, Tn. for 34 years, beginning in 1946, specializing in
surgery, but his office was always open to patients who developed problems not requiring
surgery. In fact he was very conservative in his approach to surgery and was known for
his judgment and skill at the operating table. Dr. Gray served as Chief of Staff at Maury
County Hospital and on the Tennessee Board of Medical Examiners.

Dr. Gray was a communicant member of St Peter’s Episcopal Church of Columbia, a
member of the choir and vestry and served as senior warden. He died on June 4, 1990, at
age 73. He is buried near his place of birth, in Ashwood, Tn. at St John’s Episcopal
Church, on whose board he also served. This is the church established originally for the
Polk family by Leonidas Polk, who became Bishop of Louisiana and later a Lt.-General in
the Army of the Confederacy.

In addition to his wife, Gaither Frierson Gray, Dr. Gray is survived by four children:
Daniel R. Gray, HI, an active ornithologist now in Massachusetts, Dawson Frierson Gray of
Columbia, L. Rainey Gray of St. Louis, and Jefferson G. Gray of Huntsville, Alabama.

54

The Migrant, 61(2 ):55, 1990.

FIRST NESTING OF SORA IN TENNESSEE

Martha G. Waldron

1626 Yorkshire Dr., Memphis, TN 38119

While birding at the T.E. Maxson Treatment Plant at the EARTH Complex in south-
west Shelby County, Tennessee on 17 April 1990 at about 1030, I observed two small
black chicks scurry from one clump of vegetation to another. I sat very still and wait-
ed, hoping to see them again. Within a few minutes an adult Sora ( Porzana Carolina)
walked into the clearing, about 25 m away, with two small chicks. They walked into
the vegetation and were not observed again that day.

Since no nests of Soras have been reported in Tennessee (Robinson, J. C. 1990. An
Annotated Checklist of the Birds of Tennessee. Univ. Tennessee Press, Knoxville) and
the closest known nests of Soras were in southern Missouri (American Ornithologists’
Union. 1983. Check-list of North American birds, sixth edition. Washington, D.C.,
Am. Omithol. Union.), I suspected the chicks might have been King Rails ( Rallus ele-
gant) as they are rare nesters in this area (Waldron, M.G. 1987. Seasonal occurrences
of Shelby County, Tennessee Birds. Memphis Chapter Tennessee Ornithological Socie-
ty). On 18 April 1990 at approximately 1630, I returned to the area with Dianne P.
Bean, Carolyn H. Bullock, and Virginia B. Reynolds. Dianne Bean and Virginia Rey-
nolds stationed themselves on the east side of the wet area while Carolyn Bullock and I
walked on the west side of the marshy area playing a tape of the call of a King Rail.
We played the tape repeatedly as we walked slowly through the marsh. There was no
response to the calls. I then played a tape of Sora calls; immediately a Sora answered
and Virginia Reynolds observed two black chicks moving about in the vegetation. The
four of us spent 20 - 30 minutes watching the area but never saw the chicks again even
though the adult walked into the open and away from the area where the chicks had
been seen. An attempt to capture and photograph one of the chicks was unsuccessful.

On 6 May 1990 my husband, Jim, and I approached the wet area about 1430 with ex-
cellent viewing conditions. I observed a dark bird (the size of an adult Sora) dart
across the wet area about 20 m away. We both observed a second adult Sora that
walked into the marshy area and followed the first into the vegetation. We moved
closer to the area in the car and sat quietly for several minutes but we did not see the
Soras again that evening.

The last observations of Soras were on 8 June 1990 at 0700 when Carolyn Bullock,
Virginia Reynolds and I observed one adult Sora and two dark, Sora -shaped birds move
into and out of vegetation at the same site where the Soras were earlier seen.

Accepted 13 June 1990.

55

The Migrant , 6 1(2): 5 6-64, 1990.

THE SEASON
Robert P. Ford, Editor

WINTER: 1 DECEMBER 1989-28 FEBRUARY 1990

The winter was one of contrast, both for weather and for birds. Extreme cold
temperatures during mid to late December caused most lakes, and even some rivers,
to freeze. The new year, however, brought milder temperatures, and the last two
months of the season were almost balmy. Precipitation rates ranged widely across
the state. Average precipitation, combined with cold temperature, lead to prolonged
snow cover in east Tennessee.

Winter irruptive species and waterfowl apparently responded to weather condi-
tions, appearing in variable numbers across the state. Although fewer Pine Siskins
than normal were recorded in west Tennessee, eastern observers found a major
invasion of siskins. The same pattern emerged for Evening Grosbeaks. Red-
breasted Nuthatches occurred in relatively high densities across the state. Water-
fowl numbers seemed higher this winter than that of preceding years. While
heartening, remember that continental populations of ducks have been reduced to
the smallest fraction of what they once numbered.

The season also had its share of rarities, these suprises are for you to find in each
regional compiler’s report. I will mention, however, the Peregrine Falcon found on
the Memphis Christmas Count, and two sightings of Great Black-Backed Gulls
(one of which is the first observation of an adult in the state). Unfortunately, most
of the Rufous Hummingbirds observed recently in the state succumbed to the
extreme Decmber temperatures.

As a last note, feeder watchers are consistently reporting fewer Purple Finches
and more House Finches. Is there a correlation? Observers might take special note
of interactions between these species.

Abbreviations used in the following report include: ad - adult; CBC - Christmas
Bird Count; EOP - end of period; ers - earliest reported sighting; et al - and others;
f - female; m - male; max - maximum number reported from 1 county in 1 day; m.
ob. - many observers; NWR - National Wildlife Refuge; WRRS - Winter Roadside
Raptor Survey;. * - record has been documented.

WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN - The winter season was unseasonably mild
except for two weeks of record-breaking low temperatures in December. As
unusual as the weather, a Merlin and a Peregrine Falcon were sighted on the
Memphis Christmas Count. Irregular visitors such as the Pine Siskin, Purple Finch,
and American Tree Sparrow occurred in lower numbers than pevious years. Three

56

1990

THE SEASON

57

Tundra Swans were shot in Gibson County. Short-eared Owls were again sighted
in west Tennessee. In addition to the regular observers in west Tennessee, members
of the new Jackson Chapter are now lending their assistance and have contributed
to this report.

Loon-Falcon: Red-throated Loon: 10 Feb (1) HDC (DJS). Homed Grebe: 16 Jan
(3) PLS (MAG); 26 Jan (1) Trenton GBC (MAG). Great Blue Heron: 30 Nov (6)
Is 13 (WGC); 3 Dec (3) Trenton Wastewater Lagoon, GBC (MAG); 24 Jan (33) Is
13 (WGC). Great Egret: 3 Dec (3) Trenton Wastewater Lagoon, GBC (MAG).
Tundra Swan: 3 swans were shot in GBC in mid-Dec, their carcasses were found
under the Obion River bridge on Hwy 89 (fide MAG). Greater White-fronted
Goose: 28 Dec (1) Is 13; 18 Feb (10) DYC (WGC). Snow Goose: 9 Dec-27 Dec
(1-245) HDC (DJS); 2 Jan (50) Tiptonville LKC (WGC), (4) MDC (RPF); 18/26 Feb
(20/50) DYC (WGC). Canada Goose: 23 Jan/28 Feb (2500+/1500+) BRF (JBC,
LVC); 21 Feb (62) DYC, 26 Feb (400) LKC (WGC). Redhead: 4 Dec (40-50) PEF
(MLG). GREATER SCAUP: 21-22 Dec (1-9) Savannah sewage pond, 26-27 Dec
(1-8*) Pickwick Dam, HDC (DJS), m and f present. OLDSQUAW: 16 Jan (1 m,
1 f) Big Sandy Unit, Tennessee NWR, HNC (MAG). Common Merganser: 23 Jan

(1) PLS (JBC, LVC). Red-breasted Merganser: 23 Jan (5) PLS (JBC, LVC); 26 Feb
(1 m) LKC (WGC). Black Vulture: 3 Jan HAC WRRS (SLL, NMS, HBD, CHB);
18 Feb (28) HAC WRRS (Jackie Utley, Lynn Williams). Turkey Vulture: 9 Dec

(2) PEF (MLG); 3 Jan (68) HAC WRRS (SLL, NMS, HBD, CHB); 11 Feb (22)
MDC WRRS (JBC, LVC); 26 Feb (22) LKC (WGC). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 6 Dec
(1) Martin, Weakly Co. (MAG); 17 Dec (4) MEM CBC (MTOS); 22 Dec (1)
Savannah CBC (DJS); 8 Jan (1) Haywood Co. (JBC, LVC); 10 Jan (1) MEM (CHB,
SLL, VBR, NMS); 10 Dec (1), 10 Feb (1) PEF (JEW, MGW); 17-20 Feb (1) MEM
(Jere Bull). Cooper’s Hawk: 17 Dec (4) MEM CBC (MTOS); 15 Jan (1) GBC
WRRS (MAG); 17 Feb (1) REL (RLI, GLI); 24 Feb (1) GBC WRRS (MAG).
Red-shouldered Hawk: 17 Dec (4) MEM CBC (MTOS); 22 Dec (5) Savannah
Bottoms, HDC (DJS); 4 Feb (3) OBC (MTOS); 17 Feb (1) REL (RLI, GLI); 28 Feb

(1) BRF (JBC, LVC). Rough-legged Hawk: 17 Dec (1), 7 Feb (1) ESL (TAF,
MLG); 13 Jan (1) Savannah Bottoms, HDC (DJS, G. Ned Piper); 26 Feb (1) SE
OBC (MAG). Merlin: 17 Dec (1) ESL CBC (Howard Vogel); 8 Jan (1) PEF (John
Densford). Peregrine Falcon: 17 Dec (1) MEM CBC (MTOS), 21 Feb (1) MEM
(WAJ); 27 Feb (1) MEM (RTC).

Turkey-Nuthatch: Wild Turkey: 10 Feb (52), 13 Feb (46+), 21 Feb (80) SFP
(VBR, SLL, NMS, HBD, CHB), although not high numbers for the park, the count
is high for a group to see at one time; 26 Feb (9) DYC, (35) LKC (WGC). Lesser
Yellowlegs: 9 Dec (6) ESL (JEW, MGW); 17 Dec (6) ESL (MTOS), third time for
this species on a Christmas Count. Least Sandpiper: 3 Dec (544) ESL (MGW, VBR,
CHB); 17 Dec (19) ESL CBC (MTOS). Bonaparte’s Gull: 22 Dec (2) Savannah
CBC (DJS); 16 Jan (38) PLS (MAG); 31 Jan (8) LKC (WGC); 4 Feb (25) OBC
(MTOS); 17/18 Feb (39) REL, OBC (RLI, GLI); 21 Feb (50) REL, LKC (WGC).
Ring-billed Gull: 30 Nov (275), 24 Jan (65) Is 13 (WGC); 3 Feb (400+) REL (JEW,
MGW); 26 Feb (50+) SE OBC (MAG). Herring Gull: 2 Jan (2) Is 13; 3 Feb (1) E
of Trenton (MAG); 16 Feb (1, 1st winter plummage) LKC (WGC). Bam Owl: 17 Dec

(2) ESL (MGW). Common Screech Owl: 1 Feb (1) MEM (GRP, JKP); mid
Dec/ Jan, two rescued from fireplace MEM (Knox Martin, MGW). Great-Homed
Owl: 15-26 Dec (pair on nest) DYC (WGC); 12 Feb (1) MEM (GRP, JKP).

58

THE MIGRANT

JUNE

Short-eared Owl: 1 Nov-EOP (1) Savannah Bottoms, HDC (DJS); 24 Feb (2) SE
OBC (Robert Shannon); 27 Feb (1) same location in OBC (MAG); 20 Dec (1) West
Sandy Creek, Tennessee NWR, HNC (PBH). American Crow: 10 Dec (63) MDC
(JBC); 24 Jan (36,100) Jackson, MDC (JTOS); 26 Jan (50,000+) Jackson, MDC
(RNW); 4 Feb (200) LKC (MTOS). Fish Crow: 2 Jan (1) Is 13 (WGC). Red-
breasted Nuthatch: reported more often this year at feeders, numbers ranging from
1-4. White-breasted Nuthatch: 4 Feb (5) OBC (MTOS).

Wren-Grosbeak: House Wren: 17 Dec (3) MEM CBC (MTOS); 27 Jan (1)
Savannah Bottoms, HDC (DJS). Winter Wren: 17 Dec (19) MEM CBC (MTOS).
American Pipit: 17 Dec (14) MEM CBC (MTOS); 10 Feb (1) S of Trenton, GBC
(MAG). Tree Swallow: 27 Feb (2) SE OBC (MAG). Pine Warbler: 9 Dec (2) PEF
(JEW, MGW); 17 Dec (4) PEF (MTOS); 1 Feb (1) MEM (GRP, JKP); 10 Feb (4)
PEF (JEW, MGW). Common Yellowthroat: 17 Dec (1) ESL CBC (MTOS).
American Tree Sparrow: 3/4 Feb (3) LKC (Gilbert B. Beaver, MTOS); 18 Feb (6+)
DYC (WGC). Chipping Sparrow: 17 Feb (1) Iris Hill, NE MEM (JAF, SCF).
Vesper Sparrow: 22 Dec (2) Savannah CBC (DJS); 22 Feb (1) PEF (VBR). Le
Conte’s Sparrow: 9 Dec (2), 1 Jan (1) PEF (MLG); 17 Dec (2) MEM CBC (MTOS);
1 Nov-EOP (13) Savannah Bottoms, HDC (DJS), present through season with max
on CBC. Lincoln’s Sparrow: 22 Dec (1) Savannah CBC (DJS). White-crowned
Sparrow: 1 Dec-EOP (16-35) PEF (JEW, MGW); 7 Feb (50+) mostly immature
ESL (TAF); 10 Feb (22) feeder, DYC (WGC), seen more often in various locations
this season. Lapland Longspur: 3 Dec (35), 20 Dec (4), 1 Jan (38+) PEF (MLG);
9, 22 Dec (2,24) Savannah Bottoms (DJS). Smith’s Longspur: 3 Dec (30), 20 Dec

(1) , 1 Jan (1) PEF (MLG). Western Meadowlark: 4 Dec (1), 1 Jan (1), 20 Feb (1)
PEF (MLG); 10 Feb (1), 11 Feb (1) PEF (JEW, MGW). Rusty Blackbird: 9 Dec

(2) PEF (MLG, JEW, MGW); 22 Dec (73) Savannah CBC (DJS); 21 Jan-EOP
(150+) PEF (JEW, MGW); 4 Feb (6) REL, OBC (MTOS); 25 Feb (35) PEF (VBR).
Brewer’s Blackbird: 1 Nov-EOP (71) Savannah Bottoms (DJS), max. Purple Finch:
10 Dec (1) 13-23 Jan (11-14) TIC (DDP); 24 Dec (3) MEM (GRP, JKP); 4 Feb (1)
Trenton (MAG); 17 Feb (5) MEM (Anna Wessels). Finches and siskins were seen
daily at feeders during the season. Overall numbers were lower than in previous
years (RWP, VBR, MAW, RPF, GLI, RLI, DDP, Susan N. McWhirter). House
Finch: 25 Dec (78) W of Trenton (MAG); Dec/Jan/Feb, Ben B. Coffey, Jr. banded
1,260 at Coffey Grounds, MEM. Pine Siskin: 23 Nov-19 Dec (6-157) TIC (DDP);
10 Jan-22 Feb (73-30) TIC (DDP); 13 Feb MEM (GRP, JKP); 2-21 Feb (3) MEM
(WAJ). Evening Grosbeak: 8 Dec (3 m, 5 f) TIC (DDP).

Locations: BRF-Britton Ford, Tennessee NWR, Henry Co.; DYC-Dyer Co.;
ESL-Ensley Sewage Laggons, Shelby Co.; GBC-Gibson Co.; HAC-Hardeman
Co.; HDC-Hardin Co.; HNC-Henry Co.; Is 13-Island 13, Joe Echles Towhead,
Lake Co.; LKC-Lake Co.; MDC-Madison Co.; MEM-Memphis, Shelby Co.;
OBC-Obion Co.; PEF-Penal Farm, Shelby Co.; PLS-Paris Landing State Park,
Henry Co.; REL-Reelfoot Lake, Obion and Lake Cos.; SFP-Shelby Forest State
Park, Shelby Co.; TIC-Tipton Co.

MARTHA G. WALDRON, 1626 Yorkshire Drive, Memphis, TN 38119

1990

THE SEASON

59

HIGHLAND RIM AND BASIN REGION - The season’s weather was generally
mild with the notable exception of an extremely cold December. An extended period
of cold, starting in mid-December and lasting through the end of the month, was
experienced across the region. Temperatures as low as -8 degrees F were recorded in
Nashville. Precipitation was significantly below normal for the period. December
precipitation was less than half the normal amount, although heavy ice storms
occurred during the cold snap.

Pine Siskins were reported in good numbers from all parts of the region, as were
Red-breasted Nuthatches. Purple Finches were present only in small numbers and
Evening Grosbeaks were virtually absent.

Rarities in the region included a White-winged Crossbill that visited a feeder in
Clarksville, a Great Black-backed Gull on Percy Priest Lake, a rare winter record
of a Dickcissel, also in Clarksville, and 5 Short-eared Owls that wintered on a field
in Maury Co.

Grebe-Merganser: Homed Grebe: 16 Jan (34) WDR (MDH), max. Greater
White-fronted Goose: 14 Dec (3) Manchester Industrial Park, CFC (DLD), ers; 16 Dec
(3) AEDC (DLD); 23 Dec (3) Arrow Lake, MUC (GRM). Snow Goose: 7 Dec (16,
6 blues and 10 whites), ers and max. Ring-necked Duck: 10 Dec (200) Ovoca Lke,
CFC (MDH), max. Greater Scaup: 15 Feb (2 f) Dyson’s Ditch, Cheatham Co.
(WJC). Oldsquaw: 9 Dec (1 f*) pond at Manchester Industrial Park, CFC (DLD).
BLACK SCOTER: 10 Dec (4*, 3 m and 1 f) WDR (MDH). White-winged Scoter:
10 Dec (2*, 1 m and 1 f) WDR (MDH). Red-breasted Merganser: 2 Dec (250) WDR
(DLD, RWL), max. Common Merganser: 16 Jan (5) Normandy Res., CFC (MDH), max.

Eagle-Gull: Bald Eagle: 12 Jan (2) WDR (ELR, MDH); 14 Jan (2) Normandy
Res., CFC (CWP, JHP). Rough-legged Hawk: 9 Jan (1) MTC (WJC), only report.
Merlin: 1 Jan (1) PPL, DVC (WJC), this bird was present throughout much of the
period, a Merlin has been observed in the same area at least three consecutive
winters. Peregrine Falcon: 27 Feb (1) downtown Nashville, DVC (PBH), this bird
has been observed through out the season by various observers. Sandhill Crane: 28 Dec
(2) WDR (BWL); 26 Jan (2) WDR (BWL); 14 Feb (30) BAH (RWS); 17 Feb (30)
Castalian Spring, RUC (BWL); 27 Feb (50) BAH (RWS), max. GREAT BLACK-
BACKED GULL: 1 Jan (1 im*) PPL, DVC (WJC, Joesph Stone).

Owl-Crossbill: Short-eared Owl: 20 Jan-25 Feb (2-5) Zion Acres, MUC (Brad
Hammond, GRM), max. Tree Swallow: 24 Feb (2) WDR (DLD), ers. Red-breasted
Nuthatches: reported from several locations across the region, present through out
period. Bewick’s Wren: 19 Feb (1) Brinkley Rd., RUC (TJW), only report.
American Pipit: 27 Feb (22) Ovoca Lake, CFC (MDH), max. DICKCISSEL: 29 Dec
-21 Jan (1*) Clarksville, MTC (ALH, NRH). Vesper Sparrow: 6 Jan (1*) Asbury
Lane, RUC (TJW). Purple Finch: present in small numbers across the region
through out period. WHITE- WINGED CROSSBILL: 22 Feb (1*) Clarksville,
MTC (Ellen J. Walker), observed at close range as it visited a feeding station in a
residental area, excellent written documentation. Pine Siskin: present in good numbers
at feeding stations across the region, particularly during the early part of Dec.

Locations: AEDC- Arnold Engineering Development Center, Coffee Co.; BAH-
Bames Hollow, Putnam Co.; CFC-Coffee Co.; DVC-Davidson Co.; MTC-Mon-
togomery Co.; MUC-Maury Co.; PPL-Percy Priest Lake; RUC-Rutherford Co.;
WDR-Woods Reservoir, Franklin Co.

DAVID F. VOGT, 7818 Old Charlotte Pike, Nashville, Tn 37209

60

THE MIGRANT

JUNE

EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY REGION - The extremes of winter weather
were displayed this season, a very cold December was followed by a very mild
January and February. As would be expected, conditions varied considerably from
the north end of the region to the south end, but general trends were the same.
December was the coldest on record for that month in the Johnson City area, with
three consecutive nights below 0 degrees F on December 21-23; while in Chat-
tanooga, “the temperature dipped to a low of 4 degrees F on the 17th and remained
cold for the next several days”. Five snowfalls totaling 9 inches during December
in Johnson City was not unusual; but little or no melting occurred in between,
resulting in a completely snow-covered landscape from December 12-30, an
unusually long period. “There was no significant snowfall” in Knoxville and only
a trace on two days in Chattanooga. Following this, January and February were
both much warmer than normal. There were several scattered days of 60-70 degrees
F and “few nights when temperatures dropped below 20 degrees F”. A light
snowfall in Johnson City on January 25 was the only one recorded in these two
months. Precipitation for the season was above average, ranging from +7% in
Johnson City (11.3 in) to +39% in Chattanooga (20.9 in.). Rainfall totals for 1989
were also above average, ranging from +13% in Johnson City (46 in.) to +36% in
Chattanooga (71 in.), thus apparently ending the drought years of the mid to late
1980s. Lake levels in the Knoxville area and northeastward were kept higher than
normal this winter and some were partially frozen during December.

A wide variety of birds were reported from the region this winter, from several
rare northern and/or western visitors to a few “half-hardy lingerers”. The cold and
snow of December probably accounted for the Rough-legged Hawks, Long-eared
Owl, American Tree Sparrow, Harris’ Sparrow, and Lapland Longspur. Other
rarities included Greater White-fronted Goose, Great Black-backed Gull, and Le
Conte’s Sparrow. For the second year in a row, several Rufous Hummingbirds were
present at feeders; but all four apparently succumbed to the cold. A phoebe, House
Wren, Palm Warbler, and Dickcissel survived the prolonged cold and snowcover
of the Johnson City area. There were good numbers of cormorants, most waterfowl
(including three reports of Oldsquaw) and Homed Lark, among others. However,
American Pipits and the locally wintering shorebirds were in reduced numbers.
Two boreal irruptives, Red-breasted Nuthatch and Pine Siskin, were widespread
and numerous. Four Brown-headed Nuthatches in Cumberland County were well
north of their known range. These observations and more made for an interesting
season. Read on!

Loon - Heron: Common Loon: 4-25 regular on CHL (KHD, LHD); 2 Jan (8)
CRL (RLK). Pied-billed Grebe: 14 Jan (180) CHL (KHD, LHD), max. Homed
Grebe: 8 Dec (37) BOL (RLK), large number for JNC area; 6 Jan (46) CHL (KHD,
LHD), max. Double-crested Cormorant: 1-6 regular at CHL and HRA (KHD,
LHD); 6 Dec (1) Kingsport, Sullivan Co. (Arthur Smith); 10 Jan (1) BOL (RLK);
13 Jan (7) Watts Bar Lake, Meigs, Rhea and Roane Cos. (Burt Jones, Paul
Hartigan); 18 Feb (5) Tellico Lake, Monroe Co. (ARH, RDH et al.). Great Egret:
2 Dec (6) Rankin Bottoms, Cocke Co. (JAK). Green-backed Heron: 18 Dec (1)
Fort Loudoun Dam, Loudon Co. (JAK).

Waterfowl: Tundra Swan: 1 Jan-4 Feb (2 im) HRA (m. ob.). Mute Swan: 27 Dec
-6 Jan (1-7) CHL (Donald L. Rush, Jr. et al), 2nd CHA area record, origin unknown.

1990

THE SEASON

61

Greater White-fronted Goose: 2-3 Dec (1) McDonald, GNC (JAK, ARH, RDH);

26 Dec (1) NIL (RJH); 27 Jan- 10 Feb (2) HRA (KHD, LHD, PCH, et al). Snow
Goose: 26 Dec (2 blue) NIL (RJH); 10 Jan (1 white) Jenkins Bridge, Hawkins Co.
(DCC); 30 Jan (1 blue, 1 white) Soddy Lake, HLC (AMJ); 31 Jan (6 white) HRA
(TWRA). Canada Goose: 8 Feb (2345) HRA (TWRA), max. Green-winged Teal:

27 Jan (130) Douglas Lake, Jefferson Co. (JAK), max. American Black Duck: 14 Dec
(1400) HRA (TWRA), max. Mallard: 14 Dec (4374) HRA (TWRA), max. North-
ern Pintail: 2 Dec (50) HRA (KHD, LHD), max. Northern Shoveler: 2 Dec (14)
HRA (KHD, LHD), max. Gadwall: 14 Dec (738) HRA (TWRA), max. American
Wigeon: 14 Dec (321) HRA (TWRA), max. Canvasback: 2 Dec (15) NIL (RJH),
max. Redhead: 10 Feb (100) CHL (RJH), max. Ring-necked Duck: 14 Dec (227)
HRA (TWRA), max. Greater Scaup: 14 Jan (275) CHL (KHD, LHD), max; 4 Jan
-11 Mar (5) JNC (RLK et al), unusual overwintering record there. Lesser Scaup: 2 Jan
(75) CRL (RLK), max. Oldsquaw: 27 Dec (2 shot) Fort Loudoun Lake, KNC (fide
CPN); 21 Jan (1) CHL (KHD, LHD); 7 Feb (7) Tellico Lake, Monroe Co. (ARH,
RDH). White-winged Scoter: 14-15 Jan (1) CHL (KHD, LHD). Common Gol-
deneye: 27 Jan (150) CHL (KHD, LHD), max. Bufflehead: 27 Jan (40) CHL (KHD,
LHD), max. Hooded Merganser: 2 Dec (135) HRA (KHD, LHD), max. Common
Merganser: 5 Jan (1) BOL (BLC, Frank Ward, Glenn S wofford); 28 Jan (1) CHL
(LHD, Angela C. Davis); 1 1 Feb (8) HRA (KHD, LHD); only reports. Red-breasted
Merganser: 2 Dec (235) CHL (KHD, LHD), max; 8 Dec (175) BOL (RLK), large
number for JNC area. Ruddy Duck: 27 Jan (31) CHL (KHD, LHD), max, well
below previous wintering numbers.

Osprey-Crane: Osprey: 12 Jan (1) HRA (Carl W. Campbell). Bald Eagle: 1 Feb

(1) BOL (FJA). Northern Harrier: 6/17 Dec (1) GNC (Jim Holt); 8 Jan (1) Hawkins
Co. (DCC); 9-10 Jan (1) AUS (BLC, RLK); all in northeastern portion of the region.
Sharp-shinned and Coooper’s Hawks: near normal numbers in JNC area (fide
RLK). ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK: 22 Dec (1 dark phase) U.T. Plant Science
Farm, KNC, (JAK); 27 Dec (1 light phase) Tri-cities Airport, Sullivan Co. (BLC);
2 other reports late in the season were not documented. Golden Eagle: 18 Jan (1
im) HRA (DCC); 28 Jan (1) Chester Frost Park, HLC (PCH et al.). American Coot:
8 Feb (1055) Watts Bar Lake, Meigs, Rhea and Roane Cos. (TWRA), max. Sandhill
Crane: up to 66 wintered at HRA; 1 1 Feb (150) HRA, earliest migrants, see Spring
report (all fide KHD).

Killdeer-Hummingbird: Killdeer: 2 Dec (111) HRA (KHD, LHD), max, rela-
tively low. Least Sandpiper: 8 Dec (1) BOL (RLK), first JNC area winter record;
only 1-4 at usual SAB wintering site (KHD). Dunlin: 15 Jan (55) HRA and 25 Feb
(5) SAB (KHD, LHD), max at usual wintering sites. Common Snipe: 25 Feb (37)
SAB (KHD, LHD), max. American Woodcock: 24 Jan (6) Moccasin Bend, HLC,
(RJH); 1 1 Feb (1) WGC (FJA); 23 Feb (1) GNC (Richard and Willie Ruth Nevius).
Bonaparte’s Gull: 16 Jan (300) CHL (AMJ), max. Ring-billed Gull: 2 Jan/11 Feb
(1900/3400) CRL (RLK); 16 Jan (700) CHL (AMJ), max there; 13 Feb (1758) BOL
(BLC), a record high count there. GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL: 24 Dec (1
ad) CHL (ARH, RDH), about 6th state record, first ad reported. Bam Owl: 20 Jan

(2) Tusculum College, GNC (Jim Holt); 1-2 each at sites in JNC and Gray, WGC
(RLK, Dan Huffine). LONG-EARED OWL: 5 Feb (1) Leesburg, WGC (RLK),
number of pellets under roost indicated that it had been present for 3-4 weeks; 9th
regional record, 3rd northeast of KNC. RUFOUS HUMMINGBIRD: ad male

62

THE MIGRANT

JUNE

reported in the fall at CHA was last seen 16 Dec (fide KHD); 22 Oct-23 Dec (1 ad
female) northeast KNC (fide JBO); 2 others, probably Rufous, were reported at
Morristown, Hamblen Co., from late Sep to 24 Dec and at Fairfield Glade,
Cumberland Co., until 15 Dec (both fide JBO); all were last seen during very cold
period and presumed dead.

Phoebe-Pipit: Eastern Phoebe: 5 Jan (1) AUS (RLK), survived the prolonged
snowcover in northeast portion of region. Homed Lark: 17 Dec (65) Speedwell,
Claiborne Co. (GWM); 23 Dec (9) Amnicola Marsh, HLC (RJH); 27 Dec (150)
Doake’s Pond, Campbell Co. (GWM); 28 Dec (1) Norris, Anderson Co. (CPN);
regular at Limestone, WGC, max 2 Jan (354) (BLC), record high count for JNC
area; 5 Jan (75) CKN (RLK); 15 Jan (30) HRA (KHD, LHD), more reports than
normal. Tree Swallow: 10 Feb (1) CHL (RJH), early spring arrival. Common
Raven: 14 Jan (2) CKN (RLK), low elevation near mountains. Red-breasted
Nuthatch: widely reported in small numbers, even to CHA. BROWN-HEADED
NUTHATCH: 28 Feb (4) Fairfield Glade, Cumberland Co. (Roger S. Doxey), well
out of range. House Wren: 15 Jan (1) AUS (RLK); 22-23 Jan (1) Moccasin Bend,
HLC (RJH, DCC). Brown Creeper, Winter Wren, both kinglets and Hermit Thrush:
all in good numbers in the JNC area throughout the season (fide RLK). Eastern
Bluebird: few seen in the JNC area during the snow and cold of Dec caused concern,
but fair to good numbers were seen when conditions improved (fide RLK). American
Pipit: only a few reports of 1-2 in the JNC and CHA areas (fide RLK, KHD).

Warbler-Grosbeak: Pine Warbler: 21 Feb (1) Bays Mountain, Sullivan Co.
(FJA), early arrival. Palm Warbler: 1 Dec (1) AUS (RLK), late lingerer; 5 Jan (1)
CKN (RLK). DICKCISSEL: 26 Dec- 19 Jan (1 female at feeder) JNC (RLK),
although about the 50th winter record for the state, this was just the third for this
region. AMERICAN TREE SPARROW: 5-9 Jan (2) AUS (RLK, BLC), first in
JNC area since cold winters of the late 1970’s. LE CONTE’S SPARROW: 13 Jan
(1) Marion Co. (PCH, RJH). Fox Sparrow: 5 Jan (8) CKN (RLK), max. HARRIS’
SPARROW: 19 Dec-6 Jan (2, ad and im at feeder*) Albany, GNC (Richard Nevius,
Virginia Williams, Helen Reed), 5th regional record, 2nd in GNC. LAPLAND
LONGSPUR: 17 Dec (1) Speedwell, Claiborne Co. (GWM), with Homed Larks.
Purple Finch: low numbers throughout region, with a modest influx during Dec (m.
ob.). Pine Siskin: widespread & abundant, up to 200-400 at some feeders (m. ob.).
Evening Grosbeak: 9 Dec-5 Jan (1) Sewanee, Franklin Co. (Jerry Ingles); 3-4
reports each of 1-10 birds in Blount Co. (JBO, JAK) & JNC area (FJA, JWB).

Locations: AUS- Austin Springs, Washington Co.; BOL-Boone Lake, Sullivan
and Washington Cos.; CHA-Chattanooga; CHL-Chickamauga Lake, Hamilton Co.
portion; CKN-Conklin, Washington Co.; CRL-Cherokee Lake, Grainger and
Hamblen Cos. portion; GNC-Greene Co.; HLC-Hamilton Co.; HRA-Hiwassee
River Area, primarily Meigs Co., but also Bradley, McMinn and Rhea Cos.;
JNC-Johnson City; KNC-Knox Co.; NIL-Nickajack Lake, Marion Co.; SAB-
Savannah Bay, Hamilton Co.; WGC-Washington Co.

RICHARD L. KNIGHT, 804 North Hills Dr., Johnson City, TN 37604

EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION - The weather for the period started out cold,
but then turned into a very mild winter. December temperatures were well below
normal, 4 consecutive days of below zero temperatures occurred just before

1990

THE SEASON

63

Christmas. January and February were extremely mild with average temperatures
6.6 and 7.5 degrees above normal, respectively. There were no large snowfalls
during the period. Precipitation was about normal for December and January.
February was above normal.

Waterfowl numbers were up from last year, but still low. The Rufous Hum-
mingbird reported last period apparently succumbed to late December sub-zero
temperatures. Brown Creepers, Winter Wrens, kinglets, and Hermit Thrushes were
in good numbers. Winter finches were scattered and in low numbers, except for a
major invasion of Pine Siskins.

Loon-Merganser: Common Loon: 9 Jan (5) WTL (RLK); 13/16 Jan (3, 5)/ 13 Feb
(4) SHL (RLK/BLC). Homed Grebe: 30 Jan (2) WTL (RLK), only report. Double-
crested Cormorant: 16 Jan (1) SHL (RLK). Swan sp.: 16 Jan (2) Nolichucky River,
Unicoi Co. (Rad Mayfield). Green-winged Teal: 30 Dec (1) BRI CBC (KH, BH,
LH). American Black Duck: 30 Dec (128) SHL BRI CBC (JWC, et al.), max,
otherwise low numbers. Ring-neckd Duck: 16 regular on WIL thru Dec, declined
in Jan (m. ob.). Lesser Scaup: 22 Dec (1) WIL ELI CBC (RLK, BLC); 13 Feb (2)
SHL (BLC), only reports. OLDSQUAW: 4 Dec (3) SHL (BLC). SURF SCOTER:
15 Jan (1) SHL (BLC). Common Goldeneye: 27 Jan (9) WTL (GOW), only report.
Bufflehead: 9 Jan (105) WIL (RLK), max. Hooded Merganser: 30 Dec (42) SHL
BRI CBC (JWC, RPL, BLC); 9 Jan (6) WTL (RLK); 7/11 Feb (7/4) Ripshin Lake,
Carter Co. (CFW/JWB). Red-breasted Merganser: 8 Dec (83) WTL (BLC); 9 Jan
(1) WTL (RLK).

Eagle- Waxwing: Bald Eagle: 4 Dec (1 ad, 1 im), 13 and 15 Jan (1 ad) SHL (BLC,
RDL); 30 Dec (1) BRI CBC (KH, BH, LH); 8 Feb (1) RNM (BLC, CFW, RLK).
GOLDEN EAGLE: 9 Jan (1) Big Bald Mtn., Unicoi Co. (Rad Mayfield); 6/1 1 Feb
(1 ad) RNM on balds (BLC/Tom McNeil); PEREGRINE FALCON: 6 Feb (1 ad)/8 Feb
(1, probably im) RNM (BLC/RLK, BLC, CFW). Common Snipe: a few, as usual,
wintered along WTR (m.ob.). American Woodcock: 17 Feb (2) SHL (RPL), ers.
Great Homed Owl: 30 Dec (23) SHL BRI CBC (JWC, RPL, BLC), max, en-
countered 22 in 1.5 hour period. RUFOUS HUMMINGBIRD: 23 Dec (1 ad)
Unicoi, Unicoi Co., bird reported last period was last seen on this date in sub-zero
temperatures. Eastern Phoebe: 22 Dec (4) ELI CBC (m.ob.), during very cold
conditions; 30 Dec (3) BRI CBC (JWC, RPL, BLC); 9 Jan (1) WTL (RLK).
Common Raven: 23 Feb (23) RNM (RLK, BLC, CFW), all seen at one time; two
seen through period at low elevation in Paperville Knobs area, Sullivan Co. (RPL).
Red-breasted Nuthatch: modest numbers scattered throughout (m.ob.). House
Wren: 22 Dec (1) ELI CBC (GOW, RDL). Eastern Bluebird: low in Dec, but better
numbers in Jan and Feb. Brown Thrasher: 22 Dec (1) Butler, ELI CBC (GOW,
RDL); 9 Jan (1) Little Milligan, Carter Co. (RLK). Cedar Waxwing: flock of 300+
in late Dec, SHL (RPL).

Warbler-Grosbeak: Yellow-rumped Warbler: 9 Jan (120+) WTL (RLK), max.
Savannah Sparrow: 3 Feb (2) Roan Mtn. State Park, Carter Co. (KH, BH, LH, Alan
Gantzhom). Fox Sparrow: scattered reports of 1-2. Song Sparrow: 17 Feb (1)
Engine Gap, RNM (RLK, et al), unusual at this high elevation. SNOW BUNTING:
3, 14 Jan, 8 Feb (1) Round Bald, RNM (RLK, m.ob.). Rusty Blackbird: 22 Dec (5
birds in 2 parties) ELI CBC, only report. Purple Finch: low, only a few scattered
birds. Red Crossbill: 29 Dec (30) RNM CBC (BLC), not seen on RNM in Jan-Feb;

64

THE MIGRANT

JUNE

9 Jan (1) Cove Ridge, Johnson Co. (RLK). WHITE- WINGED CROSSBILL: 29 Dec
(20) RNM CBC (BLC). Pine Siskin: major invasion, 100+ at many feeders.
Evening Grosbeak: 29 Dec-EOP (up to 100) RNM in spruce fir forest (RLK, et al),
only 3-4 lowland sightings.

Locations: BRI-Bristol; ELI-Elizabethton, RNM-Roan Mountain, Carter Co.;
SHL-South Holston Lake area, Sullivan Co.; WIL-Wilbur Lake, Carter Co.;
WTL-Watauga Lake, Carter Co.; WTR-Watauga River, Carter Co.

RICHARD P. LEWIS, 407 V.I. Ranch Rd., Bristol, TN 37620

FJA - Fred J. Alsop
CHB - Carolyn H. Bullock
LVC - Larry V. Campion
DCC - David C. Chaffin
WJC - William J. Cowart
BLC - Brian L. Cross
HBD - Helen B. Dinkelspeil
LHD - Lillian H. Dubke
SCF - Sue C. Ferguson
TAF - Tim A. Furr
MAG - Mark A. Greene
PBH - Paul B. Hamel
KH - Ken Hale
ALH - Anne L. Heilman
RJH - R. John Henderson
RDH - Ron D. Hoff
RLI - Robert L. Ilardi
AMJ - Albert M. Jenkins
RLK - Richard L. Knight
BWL - Ben W. Layton
RPL - Richard P. Lewis
RDL - Richard D. Lura
GWM - George W. McKinney
JBO - J. B. Owens
JKP - Jeanne K. Payne
CWP - Chloe W. Peeples
DDP - Dick D. Preston
ELR - Erma L. Rogers
RWS - Richard W. Simmers, Jr.
MAW - Mary A. Wade
MGW - Martha G. Waldron
CFW - C. Frank Ward
TJW - Terry J. Witt

MTOS

OBSERVERS:

JWB - James W. Brooks
JBC - Joyce B. Campion
RTC - Robert T. Casey
JWC - J. Wallace Coffey
WGC - William G. Criswell
DLD - Donald L. Davidson
KHD - Kenneth H. Dubke
JAF - Jim A. Ferguson
RPF - Robert P. Ford
MLG - Murray L. Gardner
BH - Bert Hale
PCH - Paul C. Harris
LH - Loraine Hale
NRH - Nita R. Heilman
MDH - Marguerite D. Hernandez
ARH - Audrey R. Hoff
GLI - Ginger L. Ilardi
WAJ - WalK A. Jones
JAK - Jon A. Koella
SLL - Selma L. Lewis
RWL - Ruth W. Luckado
GRM - George R. Mayfield, Jr.
CPN - Charles P. Nicholson
GRP - George R. Payne
JHP - J. Howell Peeples
RWP - Robert W. Peeples
VBR - Virgina B. Reynolds
DJS - Damien J. Simbeck
NMS - Noreen M. Smith
JEW - James E. Waldron
GOW - Gary O. Wallace
RNW - Ray N. Wilson
JTOS - Jackson Chapter TOS
- Memphis Chapter TOS

TWRA - Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

The Migrant records observations and studies of birds in Tennessee and adjacent
areas. Most articles are written by members of the Tennessee Ornithological
Society.

SUBMISSIONS: The original and, if feasible, two copies of the manuscript
should be sent to the Editor: T. David Pitts, Biology Department, University of
Tennessee at Martin, Martin, TN 38238. Manuscripts that have been published in
other journals should not be submitted.

MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee
ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, and scientifically accurate.

STYLE: Both articles and short notes are solicited; recent issues of The Migrant
should be used as a guide in the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is
needed, reference should be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals) this
book is available at many public libraries and from the American Institute of
Biological Sciences, 1401 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209.

COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8.5 x 11” paper with
adequate margins for editorial notations. Tables should be prepared on separate
sheets with appropriate title and column headings. Photographs intended for
reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on glossy white paper; black and
white photographs will usually reproduce better than color photographs. Weights,
measurements, and distances should be in metric units. Dates should be in “con-
tinental” form (e.g., 16 March 1968). Use the 24-hour clock (e.g., 0500 or 1900).

NOMENCLATURE: The common and scientific names of a species should be
given the first time it is mentioned. The scientific name should be underlined.
Names should follow the A.O.U. Check-list of North American Birds (1983 edition
or subsequent supplements).

TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive.

ABSTRACT: Manuscripts of five or more typed pages should include an
abstract. The abstract should be less than 5% of the length of the manuscript. It
should include a brief explanation of why the research was done, the major results,
and why the results are important.

LITERATURE CITED: List all literature citations in a Literature Cited section
at the end of the text. Text citations should include the author and year.

IDENTIFICATION: Manuscripts including reports of rare or unusual species or
of species at atypical times will be reviewed by the TOS Certification Committee
before publication in The Migrant. Verifying evidence should include: date, time,
light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment, distance,
behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic markings,
experience of observer, other observers verifying the identification, and reference
works consulted.

REPRINTS: Reprints are available to authors on request. Billing to authors will
be through the TOS Treasurer.

SEASON REPORTS: Observations that are to be considered for publication in
The Season section should be mailed to the appropriate Regional Compiler. Consult
a recent issue of The Migrant for the name and address of the compilers.

CONTENTS

FIRST TENNESSEE RECORD OF THE ASH-THROATED FLYCATCHER

Fred J. Alsop, III 41

BOOK REVIEW

Paul B. Hamel • 43

RUFF IN NORTHEAST TENNESSEE

Richard L. Knight 44

MINUTES OF THE 1990 TOS BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING AND
ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP MEETING

Nancy Tanner 45

1990 SPRING FIELD DAYS

Susan N. McWhirter 48

IN MEMORIAM: Daniel Roger Gray, Jr., M.D.

George R. Mayfield, Jr., M.D 54

FIRST NESTING OF SORA IN TENNESSEE

Martha G. Waldron 55

THE SEASON — Winter: 1 December 1989-28 February 1990

Robert P. Ford 56

Western Coastal Plain Martha G. Waldron 56

Highland Rim and Basin Region David F. Vogt 58

Eastern Ridge and Valley Region Richard L Knight 60

Eastern Mountain Region Richard P. Lewis 62

Observers 64

(Vol. 61, 1990)

ACTUAL MAILING DATE: 3 June 1991

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ORNITHOLOGICAL
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EPTEMBER 1990

VOL. 61, NO. 3

i&m J--#
'to?

THE MIGRANT

A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY

FIRST ISSUE PUBLISHED IN JUNE 1930

Published by

THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Founded at Nashville, Tennessee on 7 October 1915
The T.O.S. is a non-profit, educational, scientific,
and conservation organization.

EDITORIAL STAFF

Editor — T. David Pitts, Biology Dept. UTM, Martin, TN 38238
State Count Compiler — Susan McWhirter, 4962 Gwynne, Memphis, TN

38117

Season Editor — Robert P. Ford, Tennessee Dept, of Conservation,
460 Ozier Road, Pinson, TN 38366

OFFICERS FOR 1989-1991

President — Barbara Finney, P.O. Box 1 1667, Knoxville, TN 37919
Vice Presidents:

East Tenn. — J.B. Owen, 2324 Antietam Road, Knoxville, TN 37917
Middle Tenn. — Portia MacMillan, 3201 Overlook Drive, Nashville,
TN 37212

West Tenn. — Virginia Reynolds, 4241 Waymar Dr., Memphis, TN 38117
Directors-at-Large:

East Tenn. — Dee Eiklor, Rt. 11, Box 178, Gray, TN 37615
Middle Tenn. — David Snyder, Biology Department, Austin Peay
State University, Clarksville, TN 37044
West Tenn. — John R. Conder, P.O. Box 443, Camden, TN 38320
Curator — James T. Tanner, 417 Switzerland Dr., Knoxville, TN 37920
Secretary — Nancy Tanner, 417 Switzerland Dr., Knoxville, TN 37920
Treasurer — George R. Payne, 5834 Edgewater Cove #2, Memphis,

TN 38134

All TOS members receive The Migrant and the TOS newsletter, The Tennessee
Warbler. The newsletter carries information about meetings, forays, and club activities.

Annual dues are $10.00 for an Active membership. Other categories of membership
are: Student - $5.00; Family - $12.00; Library - $15.00; Sustaining - $20.00; Life - $200.00.
Chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses. Dues, contributions, and be-
quests are deductible from Federal income and estate taxes. Back issues of The Migrant
may be purchased from the Curator. Please correspond with the Treasurer for subscriptions,
memberships, and changes of address.

Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December).

Printed by Tennessee Industrial Printing Services, Inc., 51 Miller Ave., Jackson, TN 38305.

Copyright © 1990 by the Tennessee Ornithological Society

THE MIGRANT

Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society,
to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee.
Issued in March, June, September, and December.

VOL. 61

September 1990

NO. 3

The Migrant, 61(3):65-66, 1990.

FIRST TENNESSEE RECORD OF WHITE-FACED IBIS

Martha Waldron
1626 Yorkshire Drive
Memphis, Tennessee 38119

A flock of 28 adult White-faced Ibis ( Plegadis chihi ) was present at the T.E.
Maxson Sewage Lagoons in southwest Shelby County on 19 April 1990. The birds
were feeding in tall vegetation on the edge of a shallow lagoon during the late
morning hours and in the afternoon. Initially Carolyn H. Bullock and I observed a
flock of 19 White-faced Ibis at 1 100.

Lighting conditions were excellent and the birds were observed as close as 18 m
with Bushnell 20-60x spotting scopes, Swift Audubon 8 x 40 binoculars and
Bausch and Lomb 8 x 42 binoculars.

All of the birds were in adult plumage with a white feathered area around the
red facial skin. The red was easily observable. The bills were gray, not having
acquired the deep red coloration characteristic of full breeding condition. The legs
were deep red.

Figure 1. Flock of White-faced Ibis in Shelby Co., Tennessee, 19 April 1990.

65

66

THE MIGRANT

SEPTEMBER

The birds were observed in various standing and resting positions as they fed
and preened. Occasionally some of the birds would fly away for a short distance
and then return to the flock. We were close enough to hear a grunting or croaking
note made by one of the birds. Several photographs were taken by Mrs. Jo Levy
(Fig. 1). My most recent experience with White-faced Ibis was five days earlier
while birding at Cheyenne Bottoms in Great Bend, Kansas where I observed and
photographed a flock of 30-40.

This is the first record of White-faced Ibis in Tennessee. White Ibis (Eudocimus
albus) and Glossy Ibis ( Plegadis falcinellus ) have been reported numerous times
(Robinson, J.C. 1990. An annotated checklist of the birds of Tennessee. Univ. Tenn.
Press, Knoxville, pages 41-42.)

Accepted 8 June 1990.

The Migrant, 61(3)66, 1990.

FIRST RECORD OF SCISSOR-TAILED FLYCATCHER IN THE
GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK

Fred J. Alsop, III
Department of Biological Sciences
East Tennessee State University
Johnson City, TN 37614

On the morning of 4 June 1989, a class of 18 students and I observed an adult
Scissor-tailed Flycatcher {Tyrannus forficatus) in Cades Cove (Blount Co., Ten-
nessee) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. We were walking south on
Sparks Lane about 100 m south of the point where Abrams Creek crosses the road
in open country characterized by grazed grassy fields bordered and bisected by
barbed-wire fences. While scanning the fences for Eastern Kingbirds ( Tyrannus
tyrannus ) I first saw the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher at a distance of about 400 m. The
class and I moved to approximately 15 m from the bird and noted details. The bird’s
most distinctive feature was its long, deeply-forked tail which was blackish with
white outer borders. The belly, breast, head, neck, back and scapular areas were a
whitish to pearly gray. The folded wings, upper tail coverts and tail were blackish.
The flanks and underwing linings were salmon pink shading to reddish in the
axillaries (the latter seen when the bird was in flight). We watched the bird at close
range for more than 15 minutes. It seemed to ignore us and behaved naturally,
perching on the fence, hawking insects and preening. The bird was in excellent
plumage and appeared to be in good health. We first sighted the bird at about 1045;
total observation time was approximately 35 minutes. As we walked away the bird
remained perched on the same fencerow where we had found it. Weather conditions
were excellent with bright sunlight and scattered clouds, a light wind, and a
temperature of 24°C. Several of the students searched for the bird in Cades Cove
the following morning but were unsuccessful. To my knowledge, the bird was not
seen again in the park after 4 June.

Accepted 1 March 1990.

The Migrant, 61(3)67, 1990.

SOME EARLY RECORDS FROM GRAND JUNCTION,
HARDEMAN COUNTY, TENNESSEE

Ben B. Coffey, Jr.

672 N. Belvedere
Memphis, TN 38107

Andrew A. Allison, a pioneer naturalist of south Mississippi and Louisiana, spent
a month in northeast Mississippi in 1904. Evidently he changed trains at Grand
Junction, Tennessee, and I present his observations there as given in his “Notes on
the Spring Birds of Tishomingo County, Mississippi” ( The Auk , 24:13[12-25,
1907).

Red-breasted Nuthatch (1) 16 April; Bewick’s Wren (pair) 17 May; Wood
Thrush (1) 16 April; Philadelphia Vireo (1) 16 April; Orchard Oriole (several) 16
April; Baltimore (Northern) Oriole (1) 16 April.

I included some information on Rev. Allison in The Migrant 1943:71. A more
detailed biographic commentary was published in the MOS Newsletter Nov.
1961:1-3.

Accepted 29 August 1990.

The Migrant, 61(3)67, 1990.

BANDED SHARP-SHINNED HAWK RECOVERED
AT SHERWOOD, TENNESSEE

Harry C. Yeatman,

University of the South,

Sewanee, TN 37375

Michelle Patterson, a student in Sewanee Elementary School, found a dead hawk
in her yard in Sherwood, on 28 February 1990. She had previously seen it flying
near her home, but it struck a window later that day. She brought it to school on 1
March, and Mary Priestly, her science teacher contacted me. It is an adult (barred
breast and red-eye iris) Sharp-shinned Hawk {Accipiter striatus ), and dissection
showed it to be a female. It bore a band on its right tarso-metatarsus with number
1443-03276. It was in good physical condition, but its gizzard was empty. Most
species of birds have only the right ovary developed, but this specimen had two
ovaries, as is typical for hawks of genera Accipiter , Circus , and Falco. I have state
and federal permits to salvage birds, therefore it was mounted for study and talk
illustration.

The Fish and Wildlife Service, Bird Banding Laboratory reported that it had been
banded by Mr. J. F. Gumbs of Newton, New Jersey, on 10 October 1988. Mr.
Gumbs has written me that this female was caught in a mist net at the Delaware
Water Gap Raptor Banding Station in Northern New Jersey. Its plumage indicated
that it was at least into its third full year, when captured. Mr. Gumbs believes that
it was at least five years old at the time of its death.

Accepted 3 July 1990.

67

The Migrant, 61(3)68, 1990.

IN MEMORIAM: SUE BELL

Elizabeth Collins

The following was read on 13 September 1990 at the first fall meeting of the
Nashville T.O.S. chapter:

“Our friend Sue Bell will not be with us tonight for this first Fall Flocking.
However, those of us who knew her well can assure you that she is with us in spirit.
Her love of nature, her wide knowledge of birds and their habits, her sustained
interest in the cultivation of wild flowers and her love of her fellow man — all these
things comfort us and reassure us of her presence among us.

Sue joined T.O.S. in 1949 and through the years was a loyal supporter and
enthusiastic participant in all of its activities. She served as: President of both the
local chapter and the state organization, a long-time member of the Records
Committee, doyenne of the Hawk Watch, and hostess extraordinaire to numerous
T.O.S. gatherings.

Firm in her opinions, intelligent in her research, forthright in personality, we
remember her tonight with honor, respect and abiding love.”

The Migrant, 61(3)68, 1990.

BOOK REVIEW

AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE BIRDS OF TENNESSEE. John C.
Robinson. The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville. 274 pp. $29.95.

The goals of the author, as summarized from the introduction, were: to provide
a list of all species which have been reported in Tennessee; to provide information
on the abundance, habitat, and dates of occurrence for each species; to encourage
the study of birds in Tennessee; and, to serve as a reference for researchers. The
majority of the book (212 pages) deals with accounts of individual species. For
permanent residents, the descriptions of the status and abundance are followed by
remarks about habitat, high counts and method of substantiation. The same types
of information are given for transients and other non-permanent residents, but
additional information is given on arrival and departure dates along with comments
on unusual sightings. An appendix contains 33 species maps; the small number of
maps and the subjective nature of their selection and content limits the usefulness
of this section. This book is not a guide to identification; neither does it provide the
details of nesting habits, distribution and numbers that are currently being as-
sembled in the TOS Breeding Bird Atlas project. This is not a report of original
data. The book is a compilation of published reports; most of the records were taken
from The Migrant (1930-1988). In the species accounts no attempt was made to
list all reported sightings of each species. As is probably true for any book of this
type, some references to historical accounts or sightings in adjacent states were not
included. This book is the logical beginning place for anyone who wishes to know
whether their observations of a particular species in Tennessee are typical of
published accounts; the comments in the introduction about noteworthy sightings
will help observers determine how to appropriately report their data. — T. David Pitts

68

The Migrant, 61(3):69-80, 1990

THE SEASON

Robert P. Ford, Editor

SPRING: 1 MARCH - 30 MAY 1990

The passage of birds through Tennessee was considered about average this
spring, although a few extreme dates and rarities were reported. Swainson’s
Warblers made a healthy showing, unprecedented numbers were discovered in
middle Tennessee. Most other migrants appeared much as expected, both for
species and numbers of individuals. In consideration of reports about declining
populations of neotropical migrants, even the status quo can be encouraging.
However, not all species are declining at the same rate or face the same pressures.
This group of birds deserves our unending study and conservation efforts. The first
step is best accomplished through accurate field observations, such as those
reported below.

Other reports this spring were more exciting. Nationwide, White-faced Ibis
travelled farther east and north than usual this year. Tennessee was part of the
expansion in a big way, the first state record for this species consisted of a flock of
28 individuals in Shelby County. Two other species successfully nested in Tennessee
for the first time this spring. Sora chicks with an adult were located in west
Tennessee for a new state record. Meanwhile, in east Tennessee a Pine Siskin
fledgling was discovered.

Weather patterns were variable across the state. Middle Tennessee was drier than
normal, while the eastern portions were a bit wetter. Temperatures were relatively
warm early, but then cooled later in the spring. Such “normal” weather this spring
possibly encouraged more birders into the field, resulting in a long report this
season. Both rewarding and disappointing observations were made this spring, I
encourage you to continue reading!

Abbreviations used in the following report include: ad-adult; b-banded; EOP-end
of period; ers-earliest reported sighting; et al.-and ohers; f-female; fide-reported
by; im-immature; in-inches; m-male; max-maximum number of individuals
counted in 1 county in 1 day; m. ob.-many observers; NWR-National Wildlife
Refuge; ph-photo documentation; yg-young; * -record has been documented.

WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN - Two state records were generated this spring,
the first occurrence of White-faced Ibis and the first breeding of Sora in Tennessee.
A Cedar Waxwing was observed building a nest near Martin during the foray this
year. Sightings in west Tennessee were more regional as TOS members in and near
Jackson and Dyersburg contributed observations. Habitat preservation in Shelby
County was enhanced with the T.E. Maxson Treatment Plant designated as an

69

70

THE MIGRANT

SEPTEMBER

EARTH complex. The sludge ponds located there are now a bird sanctuary marked
by signs with the Black-necked Stilt logo, a recurrent nester at the “pits”. The
Chickasaw National Wildlife Refuge was also enlarged by a donation of additional
acres by the Nature Conservancy.

Grebe-Vulture : HORNED GREBE: 1/5 Mar (1) LKC (WGC); 16,18 Mar (1)
Phillipy Pits (WGC, MLG); 29 Mar (1) HWR, HYC (LVC, JBC, MJU); 30 Mar
(1) HWR, HYC (EKW). Double-crested Cormorant: 7 Mar (10) Robco Lake, SBC
(LCC, HBD, SSL, VBR, CHB, BHW), 18/23 Mar (165/55) LKC (WGC); 30 Mar
(10) HWR, HYC (EKW); 11 Apr (2) Crockett Bottoms, OBC (JTOS); 19 Apr
(300+) Levee and REL, LKC (SDL, TDP, JCG, MAG); 21 Apr (15) PAP (SDL,
JCG, MAG); 25 Apr-3 May (4-617) LKC (WGC). American Bittern: 22 Apr (1)
Hwy 70 at Muddy Creek, HYC (RPF); 20 May (1) ESL (MLG). Great Egret: 6 Mar

(1) MEM (RTC), early. WHITE-FACED IBIS: 19 Apr (28) ESL (*MGW, *CHB,
JLL, Dwight Miller, m.ob.), first state record, documented with photos by Jo Levy.
White-fronted Goose: 29 Apr (1 ad) DYC (WGC), late. Canada Goose: 1 Mar
(1200) OBC (WGC). American Black Duck: 4 Mar (30) BRF (MJU, JLW).
Redhead: 4 Mar (11) BRF (MJU, JLW). Ruddy Duck: 18/20 Mar (1500+) REL,
OBC (MAG, MLG, EKW). Black Vulture: 23 Mar/8 May (7/8) REL/KY (WGC),
27/28 Mar (4/7) DYC, TWMA (WGC); 16 May (1) HNW (JBC, LVC). Turkey
Vulture: 18 Mar-8 May (14-7) REL (WGC); 22 Mar (1) PEF (VBR); 1 1 Apr (1 on
nest) Crockett Bottoms (JTOS); 16 May (4) HWR, HYC (JBC, LVC).

Osprey-Tern : Osprey: 18 Mar (2) OBC (MLG); 20 Mar (2) REL, OBC (MAG,
EKW); 29/30 Mar (1) HWR, HYC (JBC, MJU, RPF, MAG); 25 Apr-25 May (2
on nest) REL, LKC (WGC) nest destroyed by tornado 25 May (WGC); 8/10 May

(2) Tatumville, (1) Macedonia Bottoms, GBC (MAG). Mississippi Kite: 5 May
(102) SFP (TOS); 10/13 May (24/18) Millsfield, DYC (WGC); 12 May (3) Big
Cypress Tree Natural Area, WEC (MAG); 16 May (1) HNW (JBC, LVC). Bald
Eagle: 23 Mar-8 May (2 ad, 1 im) LKC (WGC). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 4 Mar (1)
PEF, 18 Apr/5 May (1) SFP (HBD, CHB, VBR, NMS); 29 Apr (2) SFP (MTOS);
3 May (1) REL, LKC (WGC). Cooper’s Hawk: 15 Apr (1) SFP (DDP); 1 1 May (1)
GBC (MAG, SDL). Broad- winged Hawk: 18 Apr (6) MEM (VBR, HBD, CHB,
NMS); 29 Apr (4) SFP (MTOS). King Rail: 24 Apr (1) REL, LKC (SDL, JCG,
MAG), early. Virginia Rail: 6 May (1) ESL (MLG). Sora: 18 Mar (3) Macedonia
Bottoms, GBC (MAG, SDL); 19 Apr-6 May (2) ESL (MTOS); 12 May (3) ESL
(MLG); 17 Apr-EOP (1 ad, 2 yg) ESL (*MGW, JEW, VBR, CHB), first documented
breeding in state, details will be published seperately. Black-necked Stilt: 26 Apr-EOP
(2-8) ESL (m. ob.). Common Moorhen: 12 May (1) ESL (MLG). Semipalmated
Plover: 16 Apr-13 May (2-23) ESL (MGW, JEW, CHB, VBR). Lesser Golden
Plover: 4-24 Mar (7-590) REL, 21 Mar (1000+) DYC (WGC); 18 Mar (29) OBC
(MLG); 5/25 Apr (35/38) Phillipy (WGC); 13 May (1) DYC (WGC), late. Black-
bellied Plover: 27 May (2) Hwy 79 W, LKC (WGC). Greater Yellowlegs: 1 Mar-5 May
(2) DYC, 10-16 Mar (1-30) LKC (WGC); 20 Mar (100) LKC (MAG, EKW); 22 Mar
-13 May (3-150) ESL (MGW, JEW, MLG, GBB, CHB, VBR, DPB); 30 Mar (30)
SE Bells (MAG); 5 May (2) DYC (WGC). Lesser Yellowlegs: 1 Mar (1) DYC, 2 Mar
-8 May (3-54) LKC (WGC); 20 Mar (135) LKC (MAG, EKW); 22 Mar-19 May
(9-82) ESL (MGW, JEW, MLG, GBB, CHB, VBR, DPB); 30 Mar (24) SW Bells
(MAG); 5 May (54) LKC (WGC). Solitary Sandpiper: 1 Apr-13 May (1-54) ESL (CHB,
VBR, MGW, GBB, MLG, Van Harris); 5 May (15) SFP (TOS). Willet: 14 Apr (1)

1990

THE SEASON

71

Pickwick State Park, HDC (DJS, RRS), early; 25 Apr/8 May (16/7) Is 13 (WGC).
Upland Sandpiper: 19 Apr (3) MDC (JBC); 21 Apr (3) ESL (MGW, JEW). Least
Sandpiper: 21 Mar (9) DYC, 24 Mar (6) LKC (WGC). Pectoral Sandpiper: 13/24 Mar
(50/125) LKC, 21/28 Mar (62/13) DYC (WGC). White-ramped Sandpiper: 28 Apr/

27 May (3/42) ESL (MLG); 5/6 May (6) ESL (TOS). Dunlin: 5/6 May (2) ESL
(TOS). Stilt Sandpiper: 26/29 Apr (1/10) ESL (MGW, JEW, GBB). Do witcher sp:

29 Apr/8 May (3/45) Hwy 79 West LKC, 5/8 May (5/2) DYC (WGC). Long-billed
Do witcher: 28/29 Apr (15) ESL (GBB, MLG). Common Snipe: 2-24 Mar (12-49)
DYC, 23/24 Mar (14/30) LKC (WGC); 22 Mar-29 Apr (2-90+) ESL (VBR, CHB,
MGW, JEW, GBB, DPB); 30 Mar (30) HWR, HYC, (47) SE Bells (MAG); 29 Apr
(63) ESL (GBB). Wilson’s Phalarope: 24 May (1) ESL (Richard Whittington),
early SBC and west Tennessee; 12/13 May (12/3) ESL (TOS); 13 May (1) LKC
(WGC). Bonaparte’s Gull: 5-23 Mar (10) OBC, 10-16 Mar (13-17) LKC (WGC);
20 Mar (75) REL, OBC (MAG, EKW); 13 May (1) HWR, HYC (RPF). Caspian
Tern: 5 May (1) Is 13 (WGC). Forster’s Tern: 8 May (6) Is 13 (WGC); 27 May (4)
ESL (MLG). Common Tern: 22 Apr (3) HWR (JBC, JES). Black Tern: 12/27 May
(1/19) ESL (MLG).

Cuckoo-Shrike : Black-billed Cuckoo: 27 May (1) 7 mi NNW of LaGrange, FYC
(BBC, LCC). Bam Owl: 26 May (nest, fledged yg) WEC (RPF, Sam Tucker). Great
Homed Owl: Jan-Mar (pair, 2 yg) Iris Hill (JAF, SCF). Common Nighthawk: 1 Apr
(1) Jackson (AH, HSH), early; 19 Apr (1) MDC (JBC); 4 May (1) DYC (WGC).
Red-headed Woodpecker: 8 Apr (39) SFP (DDP); 29 Apr (37) SFP (MTOS).
Willow Flycatcher: 13 May (1) ESL (MLG); 26 May (1) N of Greenfield, WEC
(VBR, NMS, CHB). Least Flycatcher: 6 May (1) HWR, HYC (DPB); 12/13 May
(1) ESL (MLG). Tree Swallow: 26 Apr (1 pr) nesting in snag Is 21, DYC, 28 Apr
(10 showed interest in two dead snags, return trip found one pair nesting) Phillipy,

30 Apr (small colony in slough apparently nesting) TIP (WGC); 16 May (11) HWR,
HYC (JBC, LVC). Bank Swallow: 5/13 May (6/7) ESL (MLG); 23 May (80+)
Chickasaw Bluff No. 1, extension at 300 yards S of TN 87 at Fulton, LDC (BBC,
LCC). Cliff Swallow: 12 May (6) ESL (MLG). Fish Crow: 17 Mar (5) MEM
(VBR), 21 Mar (150+) Heloise, 25 Mar (25) Moss Island (EKW); 27 Mar (9) DYC
(WGC). Carolina Wren: SW counties and Memphis area, more common than ever
(BBC, LCC). Bewick’s Wren: 5 May (1) ESL (MLG). House Wren: 8 Apr (1) SFP
(DDP). Blue-gray Gnatcatcher: 16 Apr (2 nests almost comlete) REL, OBC
(WGC). American Pipit: 23 Mar (17) REL, LKC (WGC). CEDAR WAXWING:

28 May (nest building) Crockett Bottoms, OBC (CPN, TDP, George McKinney).
Loggerhead Shrike: 3 May (1) NE of LaGrange, 29 May (3) SE of Saulsbury (1)
S of Grand Junction, FYC (BBC, LCC).

Vireo-Siskin : Warbling Vireo: 23 May (2) LDC (BBC, LCC). Blue-winged
Warbler: 20 Apr (1) MDC (LVC, JBC); 22 Apr (2) PEF (MGW, JEW); 24/27 Apr
(1) PEF (VBR); 29 Apr (1) SFP (MTOS); 29 Apr (1) MEM (SNM). Golden-winged
Warbler: 5 May (1) SFP (GRM); 10 May (1) PEF (VBR). BREWSTER’S
WARBLER: 9 May (1) Jackson, MDC (AH, HSH), good ph documentation.
Tennessee Warbler: 25 May (1) MEM (BHW), late. Cape May Warbler: 5 May (2)
SFP (JMC). Yellow-ramped Warbler: 17 May (1) PEF (RWP), late. Blackpoll: 8 May
(3) PEF (VBR); 8 May (1) GBC (MAG); 12 May (1) Big Cypress Tree Natural
Area (RPF, MAG, SDL, Sam Tucker); 28 May (1) Crockett Bottoms, OBC (CPN,
TDP, George McKinney), late. Swainson’s Warbler: 3 May (1) Wolf River, S of

72

THE MIGRANT

SEPTEMBER

LaGrange (BBC, LCC). Northern Waterthrush: 22 Apr (1) SFP (DDP); 24 Apr (1)
PEF (VBR); 5 May (2) SFP (JMC); 13 May (1) ESL (MLG); 12 May (1) Big
Cypress Tree State Natural Area (RPF, MAG, SDL, Sam Tucker). Mourning
Warbler: 15 Apr (1) SFP (DDP), early. Wilson’s Warbler: 22 Apr (1) SFP (DDP),
early. Rose-breasted Grosbeak: 9 Apr (1) MEM (JEW). Painted Bunting: 29 Apr
(2) MEM (GBB); 5/6 May (2) ESL (TOS). American Tree Sparrow: 18 Mar (1)
Walnut Log, OBC (MLG). Vesper Sparrow: 12 Apr (3) PEF (RWP). Lincoln
Sparrow: 7 Mar (1 b) Coffey Grounds (BBC); 17 Mar (1) PEF (MGW, JEW); 5 May
(6) ESL (MLG); 13 May (1) DYC (WGC). Grasshopper Sparrow: 23 Apr (2) ESL
(MGW, JEW); 29 Apr (1) ESL (GBB); 5/6 May (6) ESL (TOS); 26 May (1) north
of Greenfield, WEC (CHB, VBR, NMS); 26 May (2) WEC (MAG, SDL). White-
crowned Sparrow: 12/13 May (3) DYC (WGC); 15/16 May (7/2) GBC (MAG).
Bobolink: 29 Apr (2 m) DYC, 30 Apr-8 May (7 m/30 m) LKC (WGC); 5/6 May
(4/35) ESL (TOS). Western Meadowlark: 18 Mar (1) Tiptonville, LKC (MLG).
House Finch: 13 May (2) Brownsville, HYC (RPF). Pine Siskin: 4/20 Apr (5) MDC
(LVC, JBC, AH, HSH); 15 Apr (5) SFP (DDP); 18 Apr (1) SFP (CHB, HBD, VBR,
NMS); 29 Apr (6) SFP (MTOS); 3 May (2) GBC (MAG).

Locations : BRF-Britton Ford, Tennessee NWR, Henry Co.; DYC-Dyer Co.;
ESL-Ensley Sewage Lagoons; HDC-Hardin Co.; HWR-Hatchie Wildlife Refuge,
Haywood Co.; HYC-Haywood Co.; LDC-Lauderdale Co.; LKC-Lake Co.; MDC-
Madison Co.; MEM-Memphis; PEF-Penal Farm, Shelby Co.; PAP-Pace Point,
Benton Co.; OBC-Obion Co; REL-Reeelfoot Lake, Lake and Obion Cos.; SBC-
Shelby Co.; SFP-Shelby Forest State Park; TWMA-Tigrett Wildlife Management
Area, Dyer Co.; WEC-Weakly Co.

MARTHA G. WALDRON, 1626 Yorkshire Dr., Memphis, TN 38119

HIGHLAND RIM AND BASIN REGION - Dry weather characterized the
spring season, with rainfall totals for the period 5.19 inches below normal in
Nashville. April was especially dry, only 1.6 inches were recorded (2.87 inches
below normal). Temperatures in Nashville were above normal in March and April,
but slightly below normal in May.

The migration this season was unremarkable, no major flights were reported.
However, an unprecedented number of apparently migrating Swainson’s Warblers
was reported from Nashville and Coffee County, as well as a possible nesting bird
in Cheatham Co. A Scissor-tailed Flycatcher was recorded in Coffee Co. for the
second consecutive Spring period. Nashville logged its first Spring record for
western Kingbird during the spring count. A Cinnamon Teal was observed at Cross
Creeks National Wildlife Refuge.

Cormorant-Merganser : Double-crested Cormorant: 25 Mar (11) WDR, FKC
(DLD), ers; 11 May (4) PPL, DVC (NTOS, SBC). American Bittern: 11 May (1)
Shelby Bottoms, DVC (NTOS, SBC), only report. Great Egret: 8 Apr-29 May (1)
AEDC, CFC (DLD), ers; 11 Apr (7) MOP, MUC (OBL), max; 11 May (3) GSP,
SUC (NTOS, SBC), lrs. Snowy Egret: 1 1 Apr (1) Cumberland River at Clees Ferry,
DVC (Mason Sinclair), only report. Little Blue Heron: 13 Apr (1) Hillsboro, CFC
(ELR), only report. Cattle Egret: 15 Apr (1) Cutoff Rd. east of Powells Chapel
Road, RUC (RVM), ers; 23 Apr (1) Shelby Bottoms, DVC (MSH), lrs. Black-
crowned Night Heron: 1 1 Apr (109) Cumberland R between Briley Pkwy and OHL

1990

THE SEASON

73

Dam (Mason Sinclair), max. Tundra Swan: 18 Mar (4) Mason’s Lake, PUC
(JWW); 2 Apr (2) Mason’s Lake, PUC (JWW), lrs. CINNAMON TEAL: 12 Apr
(1) CCNWR, SWC (WJC). Ring-necked Duck: 11 May (1) OHL (NTOS, SBC),
lrs. Lesser Scaup: 11 May (1) OHL (NTOS, SBC), lrs. Red-breasted Merganser:
11 May (1) OHL (NTOS, SBC), lrs.

Vulture-Crane : Black Vulture: 11 May (50) Fall Creek, WLC (DLD), max.
Osprey: 28 Mar (1) Harpeth River, CHC (Knox Martin), only report. Bald Eagle:

8 Mar (2 ad) Pardues Pond, CHC (WJC); 29 Mar (1 im) Pardues Pond, CHC (WJC).
Merlin: 19 Mar (1) Siegel Road, RUC (TJW), ers; 1 1 May (1) CHC (NTOS, SBC),
lrs. Peregrine Falcon: 21 Mar- 19 Apr (1) downtown Nashville, DVC (Mary A.
Zimmerman), ers, this bird has been present in this area since Apr 1990; 8 Apr (1
ad) Loretto, Lawrence Co. (DJS); 11 May (1) DVC (DFV), lrs. Wild Turkey: 28 Apr
(1) WDR, FKC (Annie Hartman). Sandhill Crane: 1 Mar (70) BAH, PUC (RWS),
max; 3 Mar (40) Hollan Pond, FKC (DLD, RWL); 4 Mar (60) Millers Crossroads,
CFC (FNM); 5 Mar (30) Manchester, CFC (DLD), lrs.

Plover-Owl : Lesser Golden Plover: 7 Apr (3) Hillsboro, CFC (DLD), only
report. Willet: 28 Apr (8) WDR, FKC (DLD), ers; 30 Apr (10) near St. Bethlehem
, Montgomery Co. (DHS), lrs and max. Western Sandpiper: 12 Apr (1) Hillsboro,
CFC (DLD, RWL, QNS), only report. Stilt Sandpiper: 10 May (1) Todds Lake,
RUC (TJW, David McCarrol), only report. Short-billed Dowitcher: 17 May (1)
Todds Lake, RUC (TJW, David McCarrol), only report. Bonaparte’s Gull: 1 1 May
(1) GSP, SUC (NTOS, SBC); 11 May (3) PPL, lrs. Forster’s Tern: 15 Mar (3)
Normandy Res. (MDH), ers; 19 May (4) OHL, Wilson Co (RVM, Melissa A.
Turrentine, Roy Turrentine), lrs. Black-billed Cuckoo: 1 May (2) Pennington Bend,
DVC (WJC), ers and max; 5 May (1) BAH, PUC (RWS), lrs. Common Bam Owl:
18 May (4 nestlings) Zion Community, MUC (GRM), these birds were discovered
in a cavity in a tree blowdown in a storm; 2 of the birds died and 2 survived to be
banded and released.

Sapsucker-Vireo : Yellow-bellied Sapsucker: 28 Apr (1) Manchester, CFC
(ARN), lrs. Olive-sided Flycatcher: 11 May (1) RDL (NTOS, SBC), only report.
Willow Flycatcher: 11 May (3) CHC (NTOS, SBC), max; 11 May (1) Metro
Center, DVC (NTOS, SBC). Yellow-bellied Flycatcher: 22 May (lb) Columbia,
MUC (GRM), only report. SCISSOR-TAILED FLYCATCHER: 30 May (1)
Bean’s Creek, CFC (DLD), only report. WESTERN KINGBIRD: 12 May (1)
Pasquo, DVC (Richard Conners), this constitutes the first spring record of this
species in the Nashville area. Bewick’s Wren: 22 Apr (1) Stones River Country
Club, RUC (TJW), ers; 24 May (1) Simmon’s Bluff Road, WLC (TJW). Winter
Wren: 18 Apr (1) BAH (RWS), lrs. Red-breasted Nuthatch: 24 Mar (1) LH, DVC
(JCA), only report. Brown Creeper: 5 May (1) Boxwell Boy Scout Reservation,
WLC (June Gelpi), lrs. Water Pipit; 26 Mar (17) Tullahoma, CFC (MDH), ers; 27 Mar
(50) Hillsboro, CFC (DLD), max. SOLITARY VIREO: 26 Mar (1) Oaklands, RUC
(TJW), earliest arrival date ever recorded in the Nashville area. Philadelphia Vireo:
1 1 May (6) RDL (NTOS, SBC), max; 7 May (1) Dunbar Cave S.P. MTC (AHH);

9 May (3) RDL (JCA), et al.), lrs.

Warblers : Blue-winged Warbler: 16 Apr (1) Sullivan Ridge, DVC (WJC), ers.
Tennessee Warbler: 23 Apr (1) LH (JCA), ers; 17 May (1) CLA (AHH), lrs.
Golden- winged Warbler: 23 Apr (1) Sullivan’s Ridge, DVC (WJC), ers. Orange-

74

THE MIGRANT

SEPTEMBER

crowned Warbler: 23 Apr (1) LH (JCA); 25 Apr (1) RDL (WJC). Nashville
Warbler: 22 Apr (1) WP (WJC), ers; 4 May (1) CLA (AHH), lrs. Northern Parula:
15 Apr (1) CLA (AHH), ers. Yellow Warbler: 17 Apr (1) RDL (WJC), ers.
Chestnut-sided Warbler: 24 Apr (1) CLA (AHH), ers. Magnolia Warbler: 30 Apr
(1) LH (JCA), ers; 18 May (1) LH (JCA), lrs. Cape May Warbler: 29 Apr (1)
Cookeville, PUC (JWW), ers. Black-throated Blue Warbler: 9 May (1) BAH
(RWS), only report. Yellow-rumped Warbler: 12 May (1) RDL (JCA, et al.), lrs.
Black-throated Green Warbler: 31 Mar (1) RDL (WJC). Blackburnian Warbler: 30 Apr
(1) Dunbar Cave S. P. MTC (AHH), ers. Yellow-throated Warbler: 4 Apr (1) CLA
(AHH), ers. Bay -breasted Warbler: 30 Apr (1) BAH (RWS), ers. Cerulean Warbler:
21 Apr (1) Sullivan Ridge (WJC), ers. Prothonotary Warbler: 15 Apr (1) CLA
(AHH), ers. SWAINSON’S WARBLER: 25 Apr (1) Ashland City Marsh, CHC
(TJW), ers; 2 May (1) RDL (WJC); 17 May (1) Bradley Creek, CFC (DLD, RWL,
ELR), lrs, this species was recorded more frequently this season than ever before,
observers are encouraged to watch for this species and be aware that Swainson’s
Warblers have nested in the region. Louisiana Waterthrush: 20 Mar (1) Basin
Spring, DVC (ATT), ers. Kentucky Warbler: 21 Apr (1) Sullivan Ridge (WJC),
ers. Connecticut Warbler: 22 Apr (1) Tullahoma, CFC (MDH), ers; 17-18 May (1)
CLA (AHH); 19 May (1) BAH (RWS), lrs. Mourning Warbler: 13 May (1)
Columbia, MUC (WNJ), ers; 15 May (1) LH (JCA); 15 May (1) CLA (AHH); 24 May
(1) WP (DFV), lrs. Common Yellowthroat: 16 Apr (1) CCNWR, SWC (AHH), ers.
Hooded Warbler: 16 Apr (1) Sullivan’s Ridge (WJC), ers. Wilson’s Warbler: 3 May
(1 b) Columbia, MUC (GRM), ers; 15-23 May (1) LH (JCA), lrs. Canada Warbler:
30 Apr (1) BAH (RWS), ers; 14-23 May (1) LH (JCA), lrs. Yellow-breasted Chat:
24 Apr (1) LH (JCA), ers.

Dickcissel-Siskin : Dickcissel: 7 Apr (1) CLA (Ellen J. Walker), ers; 7 May (2)
Columbia, MUC (MDH). Chipping Sparrow: 10 Mar (1) MUC (OBL), ers. Vesper
Sparrow: 31 Mar (4) Steel Stock Rd., MTC (AHH), ers; 7 May (1) Stoneybrook
Golf Course, MUC, (WNJ), lrs. Lark Sparrow: 11 May (1) Simmons Bluff Rd.
WLC (RVM, Melvin R. McMillan), only report. Grasshopper Sparrow: 28 Apr (1)
AEDC (DLD), ers; 1 May (1) Dudley Rd. MTC (AHH); 12 May (1) Horseshoe
Bend, DVC (DFV). Lincoln’s Sparrow: 1 May (1) Pennington Bend, DVC (WJC),
ers; 12 May (2) Horseshoe Bend, DVC (DFV), lrs. Bobolink: 1 May (66) MTC
(AHH), ers and max; 5 May (50) Miller’s Crossroads, CFC (FNM); 12 May (27)
Horseshoe Bend, DVC (DFV), lrs. Pine Siskin: 25 May (1) BAH (RWS), lrs.

Locations : AEDC- Arnold Engineering and Development Center, Coffee Co.;
BAH-Bames Hollow, Putnam Co.; CCNWR-Cross Creeks National Wildlife
Refuge; CFC-Coffee Co.; CHC-Cheatham Co.; CLA-Clarksville, Montgomery
Co.; DVC-Davidson Co.; FKC-Franklin Co.; GSP-Gallatin Steam Plant, Sumner
Co.; LH-Love Hill, Davidson Co.; MOP-Monsanto Ponds, Maury Co.; MUC-
Maury Co.; OHL-Old Hickory Lake; PPL-Percy Priest Lake; PUC-Putnam Co.;
RDL-Radnor Lake, Davidson Co.; RUC-Rutherford Co.; SUC-Sumner Co.; SWC-
Stewart Co.; WDR- Woods Reservoir; WLC- Wilson Co.; WP-Wamer Parks,
Davidson Co.

DAVID VOGT, 7818 Old Charlotte Pike, Nashville, TN 37209

1990

THE SEASON

75

EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY REGION - Basically, it was a wet spring
cool temperatures occurred early in the season, but returned to normal later. The
second week of March was unseasonably warm, but the rest of the month and the
first half of April were cooler than usual. The latter half of April through May saw
average temperatures. Precipitation in March ranged from well above normal (9.5
in. at Chattanooga is 3.2 in. high) to near normal (4.0 in. at Johnson City), while
that for April was 1-2 in. below normal regionwide and May rainfall was 2-3 in.
above normal regionwide. Johnson City received a light snow on 19 March and
saw its last frost on 18 April.

Birding was good this spring. Most regular migrants were on schedule, with few
over-eager or tardy individuals. Several rare and uncommon birds were observed.
Ducks and shorebirds were generally reported as somewhat scarce, but there were
some good finds among them. Among passerines, warblers staged a good flight in
the Knoxville (33 species on spring count 29 April) and Johnson City areas.

The autumn hawk migration is well known, but the returning flight in spring
seems to go unnoticed. It may be less dramatic, but should be deserving of our
attention. In addition to reports in the text below, a small northward movement was
noted by Randy Stringer in the Chattanooga area on 27 March (5 Red-tailed
Hawks), 28 March (1 Northern Harrier, 1 Sharp-shinned Hawk and 8 Red-tailed
Hawks) and 2 April (3 Sharp-shinned, 1 Cooper’s, 2 Red-tailed, and 1 American
Kestrel).

Loon-Ibis : Red-throated Loon: 26 Mar (1) CHL (RCS). Common Loon: 6 Apr
(44) BOL (RLK), max; 27 Apr (1) AUS (RLK), lrs. Homed Grebe: 6 Apr (1 1) BOL
(RLK), max. AMERICAN WHITE PELICAN: 23 Mar-3 Apr (9) HRA, Meigs Co.
portion (Carl W. Campbell, et al.); 8 Apr (8) Watts Bar Lake, Roane Co. portion
(Dick Hurd); 1 1 Apr (5) FLL (Marcia L. Davis); probably the same birds moving
up the Tennessee River system. Double-crested Cormorant: 4-7 Apr (8-12) Nick-
ajack Lake, Marion Co. (AMJ, EMR, RJH); 6/17 Apr (5/13) BOL (RLK/ Tom
McNeil, Stan Strickland); regular through Apr (max 55 on the 18th) FLL (JMC,
BRC); 18 Apr (3) KPT (FJA); 18-24 Apr/7-12 May (1-2/5-2) AUS (RLK); 25 May
(1) BOL (BLC, GWS); good showing. LEAST BITTERN: 29 Apr (1) AUS (RLK),
rare, especially in the spring. Great Blue Heron: 9-11 nests BLV (BGM); 3 nests
Bledsoe State Forest, Bledsoe Co. (Robert F. Campbell); 2 new colonies on FLL
(the first there)- 1 in Blount Co. and the other (5+ nests) on Looney Island, KNC
(Barbara Finney, Steve and Rebecca Satterfield, Lou Fuller et al.), the latter is the
furthest upstream site known; this species continues to increase in numbers and
expand its range. Great Egret: 23/27 Mar (1) HRA (AMJ, EMR); 3 Apr (1) AUS,
the earliest ever there by 7 days; 6 Apr (3) SAB (KHD, LHD); 7 Apr (3) Clear
Creek Reservoir, Bristol, Virginia (JWC); 8 Apr (2) HRA (DCC); 9 Apr (pair in
Great Blue Heron colony) Harrison Bay, CHL (CPN), not known if they nested,
which would be the first in east Tennessee; 1 1 Apr (5) FLL (Holly Overton); 18 Apr

(1) AUS (RLK); 27 Apr (1) Cherokee Lake, Grainger Co. (DCC); 2 May (1) BLV
(BGM); 31 May (1) HRA (AMJ, EMR). Snowy Egret: 31 May (1) HRA (AMJ,
EMR). Cattle Egret: 7 Apr (1) KNC (DCC); 17-18 Apr (1) AUS (BLC, RLK); 1 May
(3) southern WGC (FJA); 3 May (1) BOL (BLC); 1 1 May (1) SAB (KHD, LHD).
Green-backed Heron: 28 Mar (1) AUS (BLC), ers. Black-crowned Night Heron: 3 Apr

(2) Nolichucky Waterfowl Refuge, GNC (Jim Holt); 27 Apr-1 May (2) AUS (RLK,
JWB); a small colony (10+ nests) on an island in the Holston River at KPT (Daniel

76

THE MIGRANT

SEPTEMBER

J. Nieves). Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 31 Mar (1) BLV (BGM), ers at nesting
site; 21 Apr (2) GNC (Phine Britton); 31 May (1) HRA (AMJ, EMR). GLOSSY
IBIS: 26 Apr (1 ad, breeding plumage) AUS (RLK et al.), 3rd local record.

Waterfowl. Greater White-fronted Goose: 31 Mar (1) HRA (RJH), late. Snow
Goose: 3 Mar (14 white) migrating over CHA (KHD, AMJ); 27 March (1 blue)
HRA (AMJ, EMR). Blue- winged Teal: 6 Apr (50) BOL (RLK), max. Northern
Shoveler: 6 Apr (20) BOL (RLK), max. American Wigeon: 12 May (2) KSP (KHD,
LHD); 13 May (1) Douglas Lake, Jefferson Co. (ARH, RDH), lrs. Canvasback: 10 Mar
(22) CHL (KHD, LHD, James D. Rowell, Jr.). Greater Scaup: 1 1 Mar (280) CHL
(KHD, LHD), max. Lesser Scaup: 6 Apr (423) BOL (RLK), large number there,
max. Oldsquaw: 29 Mar (4) BOL (RLK). White- winged Scoter: 26 Mar (1) CHL
(RCS); 29 Mar (5) BOL (RLK). Surf Scoter: 6 Apr (1) BOL (RLK). Hooded
Merganser: 22 May (1) KSP (ARH, RDH, Carol and Gene Coleman), late or
nesting? Red-breasted Merganser: 6 Apr (57/88) BOL/Cherokee Lake, Grainger
Co. (RLK/DCC), max.

Osprey-Crane : Osprey: 11 Mar (1) AUS (JWB), very early there. Bald Eagle:
19 May (1 im) DOD (RDH, ARH). Northern Harrier: 14, 16 Apr (1) WGC (RLK,
BLC), lrs. Broad-winged Hawk: 7 Mar (2) BLV (BGM), ers; 23 Apr (42 in 1 kettle)
Cleveland airport, Bradley Co. (RLK). Golden Eagle: 14 Apr (1 ad, 1 im) near JNC
(RLK), late. Merlin: 1 Apr (1 f) AUS (RLK). Peregrine Falcon: 11 Mar (1) AUS
(JWB); 28 Mar (1/1) CHA/SAB (RJH/RCS). Virginia Rail: 26-29 May (1) AUS
(BLC), late or possibly nesting. Sora: 21 Mar (1) Jonesborough, WGC (JWB); 4 Apr
(1) BLV (AMJ, EMR); 16 Apr/7-9 May (1/1) AUS (RLK,/BLC, RLK). American
Coot: 27 May (1) BOL (JWC), lrs. Sandhill Crane: the migration through the CHA
area extended from 1 1 Feb- 10 Mar, with a late individual on 1 Apr, “peak numbers
reached 1000-1500 on 4 Mar, most roosted on Hiwassee Island, Meigs Co.” (fide
KHD); 21 Apr (1) Mosheim, GNC (Linda Northrop, Daniel J. Nieves), late and
east of usual occurrence.

Plover-Woodpecker. Lesser Golden Plover: 29 Mar (1) Eagle Bend Fish
Hatchery, Anderson Co. (JMC, BRC); 31 Mar (1) LST (RLK); 5-6 Apr (2) AUS
(RLK et al.); 14-15 Apr (1) BLV (RJH). Ruddy Turnstone: 25 May (1) KSP (RJH).
Sanderling: 18/22 May (2/7) KSP (JRW, Dollyann Myers/ Bob Collier). White-
rumped Sandpiper: 25 May (6) KSP (RJH). American Woodcock: 3 Mar (2)
Moccasin Bend, CHA (RJH et al.); 4 Mar (2) AUS (JWB); 6 Mar (2-3) East
Brainerd, CHA (Robin A. Rudd); 17 Mar (nest with 3 eggs) Snooper’s Rock,
Prentice Cooper State Forest, Marion Co. (Robert F. Campbell). Bonaparte’s Gull:
good numbers on many major bodies of water throughout the region, mostly in
Apr; 6 Apr (225) BOL (RLK), max; 22 May (1) KSP (Bob Collier), lrs. Ring-billed
Gull: 3 Jun (1) AUS (RLK), lrs. Herring Gull: 6 Apr (1 1) BOL (RLK), max. Caspian
Tern: 12 Apr (1) FLL (Steve and Rebecca Satterfield, Chris Butler); 6/25 May (3/2)
KSP (RLK, JWB, Linda Northrop/ RJH). Forster’s Tern: 6 Apr (1) BOL (RLK);
16/21 Apr (1/1) AUS (RLK); 21 Apr (2) KPT (Stan Strickland); 4 May (15)
Cherokee Lake, Grainger Co. (DCC). Black-billed Cuckoo: 27 May (1)
Blountville, SLC (RLK), only report. Bam Owl: 4 Apr/9 May (1 dead yg about 3-4
days old/ ad feeding yg) JNC (Dan Huffine/RLK); Mar-May/early Jun (pair/nest
with eggs) Gray, WGC (Dan Huffine); 15 May (nest with 6-8 yg) Sulphur Springs,
WGC (Ken Ripley, RLK); 17 May (nest with 5 eggs) LST (Ken Ripley, RLK).

1990

THE SEASON

77

Red-headed Woodpecker: 3 May-EOP (2) LST (BLC et al.); 7 May (1 migrant)
AUS (RLK); 9 May (1) Bowmantown, WGC (BLC, JWB, RLK); 15 May (1) near
Jonesborough, WGC (RLK); 25 May (2) GNC (JoAnne Routledge).

Flycatcher-Shrike : Olive-sided Flycatcher: 21 May (1) Jefferson City (Howard
Chitwood). Acadian Flycatcher: 3 Mar (2 singing birds) Fall Creek Falls S.P., Van
Buren Co. (*MGW, Susan McWhirter et al.), more than a month early. Least
Flycatcher: 28 May (2) near Jellico, Campbell Co. (ARH, RDH), not found 2 Jun.
Tree Swallow: pair nesting in nestbox AUS (RLK), 3rd nesting there. Cliff
Swallow: nesting under 4 bridges on BOL (RLK, JWC). Red-breasted Nuthatch:
1 May (1) Sewanee, Franklin Co. (Jerry Ingles); 2 May (1) JNC (RLK); lrs of
modest winter invasion. Brown-headed Nuthatch: 17 Mar (pair investigating
nestbox) CHA (Lynn and Helen Sauls). Marsh Wren: 12 May (1) AUS (RLK).
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher: 14 Apr (25+ flocking with Yellow-rumped Warblers) Bean
Station, Hawkins Co. (RDH, ARH), unusual concentration, “possibly due to rainy
weather”. American Pipit: 29 Apr (18) U.T. Plant Sciences Farm, KNC (ARH), lrs.
Loggerhead Shrike: “good numbers of reports from KNC, Grainger, Seveir,
Hawkins, Loudon, Claiborne, and Rhea Cos.” (RDH, ARH, Richard Clark, CPN,
George W. McKinney); 24 May (2 ad with 4 yg) SAB (Paul Cole); 6 sites in WGC
and SLC, including 3 1 May (2 ad with 4 yg) BOL (RLK et al.); encouraging reports
for this declining species, but should still bear close watching.

Vireo-Grosbeak : Yellow-throated Vireo: 30 Mar (1) CHA (RCS), ers. Warbling
Vireo: 12 May-EOP (pair) LST (RLK, BLC); 15 May (2 singing m) Sulphur
Springs, WGC (RLK); 31 May (1) BOL (RLK); scarce in region. Philadelphia
Vireo: 29 Apr (1) KNC spring count (fide CPN), only report. Orange-crowned
Warbler: 26 Mar (1) CHL (RCS). Yellow-rumped Warbler: 25 May (3) Bristol,
SLC (JWC), lrs. Connecticut Warbler: 19 May (1) CHA (RJH). Vesper Sparrow:
several reports; 7 Apr (25) CHA (RJH), max; 25 Apr (1) AUS (RLK), lrs.
SHARP-TAILED SPARROW: 12 May (1) AUS (RLK, JWB), first spring record
in the JNC-Elizabethton area, 10th overall; very few spring sightings in the state.
Swamp Sparrow: 12 May (2) AUS (RLK, JWB), lrs. White-throated Sparrow: 19 May
(1) DOD (ARH, RDH), lrs. Bobolink: relatively few reports in the KNC and JNC
areas (fide CPN and RLK). BREWER’S BLACKBIRD: 30 Mar (1 f) Tri-cities
airport, SLC (BLC, SG, GWS, MD, CFW). Northern Oriole: 19 May (“pair with
at least 2 yg in nest constructed of monofilament fishing line”) near DOD (RDH,
ARH), nest first observed on 15 Apr, could it have been built last year? Purple
Finch: after being virtually absent all winter, there was a major movement into the
JNC area from late Mar to late Apr, with 20-50 daily at feeders and in the woods
(fide RLK); apparently no such occurrence elsewhere. Pine Siskin: common
regionwide through Apr; record high of 214 on KNC spring count 29 Apr (fide
CPN); lrs for GNC, JNC and Bristol in early May (m.ob.); 19 May (1) Signal
Mountain, HLC (Jonnie Sue Lyons); present to EOP in Sewanee, Franklin Co.
(Harry C. Yeatman); 27 May (1 fledged yg) Lookout Mountain, HLC (Ted
Caldwell), first state breeding record, if accepted by the Breeding Bird Atlas
Verification Committee, details should be published separately. Evening Gros-
beak: 16 Mar/1 May (40/1) GNC (Herb and Cynthia Cragin), max and lrs there;
13-15 Apr (1) JNC (fide Lois Herndon), only report in the JNC area.

78

THE MIGRANT

SEPTEMBER

Locations : AUS-Austin Springs, Washington Co.; BLV-Brainerd Levee, Hamilton
Co.; BOL-Boone Lake, Sullivan and Washington Cos.; CHA-Chattanooga; CHL-
Chickamauga Lake, Hamilton Co. portion; DOD-Douglas Dam, Sevier Co.; FLL-
Fort Loudoun Lake, Knox Co. portion;GNC-Greene Co.; HLC-Hamilton Co.;
HRA-Hiwassee River Area, primarily Meigs Co., but also Bradley, McMinn, and
Rhea Cos.; KNC-Knox Co.; KPT-Kingsport; KSP-Kingston Steam Plant, Roane
Co.; JNC- Johnson City; LST-Limestone, Washington Co.; SAB-Savannah Bay,
Hamilton Co.; SLC-Sullivan Co.; WGC-Washington Co.

RICHARD L. KNIGHT, 804 North Hills Dr., Johnson City, TN 37604

EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION - Periods of cool weather in March and April
seemed to delay the arrival of many migrants. Precipitation was about normal in
March, April was below normal and May was almost 3 in. above normal. Watauga
and South Holston Lakes reached full pool early. Almost continuous release of
water at South Holston dam kept water in South Holston River deep and swift.
Shorebirds were observed flying up and down the river, finding no places to land.

I was happy to receive records from some new contributors as well as records
from some who had not contributed in a while. Keep up the good work.

Grebe-Turkey : Homed Grebe: 5 Mar (12) SHL (BLC). Great Egret: 8 Apr (1)
Butler, JHC (JWB); 15 Apr (1) Stoney Creek, CRC (GOW). Yellow-crowned
Night Heron: 30 Mar (2) ELI (RLK), ers, at usual nest site through period.
Green- winged Teal: 24-25 Mar (1) WTR (CFW), only report. American Black
Duck: 6 Mar (2) RIP (CFW), lrs. American Wigeon: 4 Apr (12) WTL (BLC), max.
Ring-necked Duck: 4 Apr (18) WIL (RLK), max. Lesser Scaup: 4 Apr (2) WIL
(RLK), lrs. SURF SCOTER: 4 Apr (1 ad m, 1 ad f) WIL (RLK et al.). Bufflehead:
12 May (1) WIL (GOW, RDL, CFW), lrs. Hooded Merganser: 6 Mar (5) RIP
(CFW); 27 Mar-6 Apr (7) WTR (GOW et al.). Red-breasted Merganser: 24 Mar
(20) Nolichucky R. UNC (FJA); 12 May (1) WTL (GOW, RDL, CFW). Northern
Harrier: 5 May (1) RNM (GOW, BLC, MD, CFW, GWS), only report, late.
Sharp-shinned Hawk: 4 reports from CRC and UNC. Cooper’s Hawk: only 1 report,
UNC. Red-shouldered Hawk: 4 Apr (1) WIL (BLC, SG); 14 May (1) RIP (RLK).
Merlin: 12 May (If) WTR (RDL, GOW), late. Wild Turkey: 8 Apr (1) Simmerly
Creek, CRC (TM); 9 Apr (1) Buffalo Mt., WAC (BLC).

Woodcock-Wren: American Woodcock: 5 Mar (1) CGP RNM (ABS).
Bonaparte’s Gull: 27 Mar (38) SHL (BLC). Ring-billed Gull: 12 May (2) WTL
(GOW, RDL, CFW), lrs. Black-billed Cuckoo: 1/28 May (1/1) SHL (RPL).
Northern Saw-whet Owl: 5 Mar (1, calling) CGP RNM (ABS), ers; 2 other CGP
records; 19-20 May (3) GSMNP (JRW, Dollyann Myers). Chuck- wills- widow: 21 Apr

(1) MLC (FJA), ers. Ruby-throated Hummingbird: 15 Apr (1) MLC (FJA), ers.
Red-headed Woodpecker: 20 Mar-24 Apr (1) MLC (FJA). Yellow-bellied Sap-
sucker: 17 Apr (1) CRC (MD), lrs. Olive-sided Flycatcher: 2 May (1) Buffalo
Valley Golf Course, UNC (JWB). Alder Flycatcher: 14 May (2) RNM (RLK), ers.
Tree Swallow: 16 Mar (6) WTR (CFW), ers; 28 Apr-EOP SDV (JS, LAS, JWC),
nest in nestbox, 5 eggs on 12 May. Northern Rough- winged Swallow: 12 May, nest
along U.S. 421 near top of Holston Mtn., SUL (RPL). Cliff Swallow: 12 May (20+
active nests) SR44 bridge, South Holston River, SUL (RPL). Bam Swallow: 18 Mar

(2) WTR (TM), ers. Common Raven: 5 Mar (6) RNM (RLK); 15 Mar-EOP (2)

1990

THE SEASON

79

SHL (RPL), seen regularly at 1700’ elev.; 21 Apr (1) ERW (GOW). Red-breasted
Nuthatch: numerous reports of 1-2 birds at all elevations through Apr. Brown
Creeper: 14 May (1) in spruce-fir, RNM (RLK). Marsh Wren: 12 May (1) ERW
(BLC, SG, GWS).

Thrush-Grosbeak : Swainson’s Thrush: 20 May (1) SHL (RPL), lrs, b. Solitary
Vireo: 14 Mar (1) Hoss Cove, WAC (FJA), ers, early record by 6 days. Yellow-
throated Vireo: 20 Apr (1) SHL (RPL), ers. Philadelphia Vireo: 8 May (1) WIL
(TM). Blue-winged Warbler: 25 May (1) Dry Creek, Buffalo Mtn., WAC (RLK),
lrs, late. Golden-winged Warbler: 3 territorial males, Roan Mt. State Park, CRC
(RLK). Tennessee Warbler: 24 May (1) SHL (RPL), lrs. Yellow-rumped Warbler:
14 May (1) RIP (RLK), lrs. Swainson’s Warbler: 2 May-EOP (1) Hoss Cove, WAC
(RLK); 14 May (1) RIP (RLK). Dickcissel: 12 May (1) SDV (JWC, JS, LAS).
Vesper Sparrow: 6 Apr (25) Razor Farm, ELI (BLC, MD, GWS), large concentration;
29 Apr (2) SDV (JS); 19 May (1) Roger’s Ridge, JHC (RLK), on breeding grounds.
Savannah Sparrow: 8 Apr (2) SDV (JWC). White-crowned Sparrow: 6 May (1)
SDV (JS), lrs. Bobolink: 6 May (1) SDV (JS). Rusty Blackbird: 8 Apr (107) SDV
(JWC). Purple Finch: scarce through Mar, sizeable influx in Apr (10-30 daily); 4 May
(6) SHL (RPL), lrs. Pine Siskin: 20-30 daily until departure; 11 May (10) SHL
(RPL), lrs. Evening Grosbeak: 5 Mar (120) RNM (RLK); 8 Apr (60) Simmerly
Creek, CRC (TM); 50-75 daily through 8 Apr SDV (JS); 16 Apr (2) SDV (JS), lrs.

Addendum : Whimbrel: 5 Aug 87 (1) RNM (ABS). Water Pipit: 12 Jun 87 (2)
RNM (ABS). Magnolia Warbler: 17 May/20 Jun 89 (1, singing) Grassy Ridge,
RNM (ABS). Snow Bunting: 18 Nov 88 (1) RNM (ABS).

Locations : CGP-Carver’s Gap, Carter Co.; CRC-Carter Co.; ELI-Elizabethton;
ERW-Erwin; GSMNP-Great Smoky Mountain National Park; JHC- Johnson Co.;
MLC-Milligan College, Carter Co.; RIP-Ripshin Lake, Carter Co.; RNM-Roan
Mtn, Carter Co.; SDV-Shady Valley, Johnson Co.; SHL-South Holston Lake area,
Sullivan Co.; SUL-Sullivan Co.; WAC- Washington Co.; WIL- Wilbur Lake, Carter
Co.; WTL-Watauga Lake, Carter Co.; WTR- Watauga River, Carter Co.; UNC-
Unicoi Co.

RICHARD P. LEWIS, 407 V.I. Ranch Rd., Bristol, TN 37620

80

THE MIGRANT

SEPTEMBER

OBSERVERS:

FJA - Fred J. Alsop
CHB - Carolyn H. Bullock
GBB - Gil B. Beaver
BBC - Ben B. Coffey, Jr.

DCC - David C. Chaffin
JMC - James M. Campbell
LCC - Lula C. Coffey
RTC - Robert T. Casey
WJC - William J. Cowart
HBD - Helen B. Dinkelspeil
LHD - Lillian H. Dubke
JAF - Jim A. Ferguson
SCF - Sue C. Ferguson
MLG - Murray L. Gardner
SG - Sally Goodin
AHH - Anne H. Heilman
HSH - Helen S. Hight
MSH - Mark S. Hackney
RJH - R. John Henderson
WNJ - William N. Jemigan
JLL - Joe L. Levy
RDL - Richard D. Lura
RWL - Ruth W. Luckado
SLL - Selma L. Lewis
FNM - F. Nicky Medley
RVM - Ruth V. McMillan
ARN - Annie R. Norvell
DDP - Dick D. Preston
TDP - T. David Pitts
ELR - Erma L. Rogers
ABS - Alan B. Smith
GWS - Glen W. Swofford
JS - John Shumate, Jr.

NMS - Noreen M. Smith
RRS - Regina R. Simbeck
RWS - Richard W. Simmers, Jr
MJU - M. Jackie Utley
BHW - Barbara H. Wilson
EKW - Eddie K. Wilbanks
JEW - James E. Waldron
JRW- JeffR. Wilson
MGW - Martha G. Waldron
JTOS - Jackson Chapter TOS

NTOS -

JCA - Jan C. Alexander

DPB - Diane P. Bean

JWB - James W. Brooks

BLC - Brian L. Cross

JBC - Joyce B. Campion

JWC - J. Wallace Coffey

LVC - Larry V. Campion

WGC - William G. Criswell

DLD - Donald L. Davidson

KHD - Kenneth H. Dubke

MD - Martha Dillenbeck

RPF - Robert P. Ford

JCG - J. Chris Greene

MAG - Mark A. Greene

AH - Allen Hight

ARH - Audrey R. Hoff

MDH - Marguerite D. Hernandez

RDH - Ron D. Hoff

AMJ - Albert M. Jenkins

RLK - Richard L. Knight

OBL - O. Bedford Lochridge

RPL - Richard P. Lewis

SDL - Selena D. Little

BGM - Barbara G. McMahan

GRM - George R. Mayfield, Jr.

TM - Tom McNeil

CPN - Charles P. Nicholson

RWP - Robert W. Peeples

VBR - Virgina B. Reynolds

EMR - Eugene M. Ryther

DJS - Damien J. Simbeck

JES - J. E. Sutton

LAS - Lome Ann Shumate

QNS - Quincy N. Stykes

RCS - Randy C. Stringer

ATT - Ann T. Tarbell

DFV - David F. Vogt

CFW-C. Frank Ward

GOW - Gary O. Wallace

JLW- J.Lynn Williams

JWW - Joesph W. Wahl

TJW - Terry J. Witt

MTOS - Memphis Chapter TOS

e chapter, TOS

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

The Migrant records observations and studies of birds in Tennessee and adjacent
areas. Most articles are written by members of the Tennessee Ornithological
Society.

SUBMISSIONS: The original and, if feasible, two copies of the manuscript
should be sent to the Editor: T. David Pitts, Biology Department, University of
Tennessee at Martin, Martin, TN 38238. Manuscripts that have been published in
other journals should not be submitted.

MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee
ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, and scientifically accurate.

STYLE: Both articles and short notes are solicited; recent issues of The Migrant
should be used as a guide in the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is
needed, reference should be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals', this
book is available at many public libraries and from the American Institute of
Biological Sciences, 1401 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209.

COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8.5 x 11” paper with
adequate margins for editorial notations. Tables should be prepared on separate
sheets with appropriate title and column headings. Photographs intended for
reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on glossy white paper; black and
white photographs will usually reproduce better than color photographs. Weights,
measurements, and distances should be in metric units. Dates should be in “con-
tinental” form (e.g., 16 March 1968). Use the 24-hour clock (e.g., 0500 or 1900).

NOMENCLATURE: The common and scientific names of a species should be
given the first time it is mentioned. The scientific name should be underlined.
Names should follow the A.O.U. Check-list of North American Birds (1983 edition
or subsequent supplements).

TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive.

ABSTRACT: Manuscripts of five or more typed pages should include an
abstract. The abstract should be less than 5% of the length of the manuscript. It
should include a brief explanation of why the research was done, the major results,
and why the results are important.

LITERATURE CITED: List all literature citations in a Literature Cited section
at the end of the text. Text citations should include the author and year.

IDENTIFICATION: Manuscripts including reports of rare or unusual species or
of species at atypical times will be reviewed by the TOS Certification Committee
before publication in The Migrant. Verifying evidence should include: date, time,
light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment, distance,
behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic markings,
experience of observer, other observers verifying the identification, and reference
works consulted.

REPRINTS: Reprints are available to authors on request. Billing to authors will
be through the TOS Treasurer.

SEASON REPORTS: Observations that are to be considered for publication in
The Season section should be mailed to the appropriate Regional Compiler. Consult
a recent issue of The Migrant for the name and address of the compilers.

CONTENTS

FIRST TENNESSEE RECORD OF THE WHITE-FACED IBIS

Martha Waldron 65

FIRST RECORD OF SCISSOR-T AILED FLY CATCHER IN THE GREAT
SMOKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK

Fred J. Alsop, III 66

SOME EARLY RECORDS FROM GRAND JUNCTION, HARDEMAN
COUNTY, TENNESSEE

Ben B. Coffey, ]r 67

BANDED SHARP-SKINNED HAWK RECOVERED AT SHERWOOD,
TENNESSEE

Harry C. Yeatman 67

IN MEMORIAM: Sue Bell

Elizabeth Collins 68

BOOK REVIEW

T. David Pitts 68

THE SEASON — Spring: 1 March - 30 May 1990

Robert P. Ford 69

Western Coastal Plain Martha G. Waldron 69

Highland Rim and Basin Region David F. Vogt 72

Eastern Ridge and Valley Region Richard L. Knight 75

Eastern Mountain Region Richard P. Lewis 78

Observers 80

(Vol. 61, 1990)

ACTUAL MAILING DATE: 3 October 1991

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THE MIGRANT

A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY

FIRST ISSUE PUBLISHED IN JUNE 1930

Published by

THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Founded at Nashville, Tennessee on 7 October 1915
The T.O.S. is a non-profit, educational, scientific,
and conservation organization.

EDITORIAL STAFF

Editor — T. David Pitts, Biology Dept. UTM, Martin, TN 38238
State Count Compiler — Susan McWhirter, 4962 Gwynne, Memphis, TN

38117

Season Editor — Robert P. Ford, Tennessee Dept, of Conservation,
460 Ozier Road, Pinson, TN 38366

OFFICERS FOR 1989-1991

President — Barbara Finney, P.O. Box 1 1667, Knoxville, TN 37919
Vice Presidents:

East Tenn. — J.B. Owen, 2324 Antietam Road, Knoxville, TN 37917
Middle Tenn. — Portia MacMillan, 3201 Overlook Drive, Nashville,
TN 37212

West Tenn. — Virginia Reynolds, 4241 Waymar Dr., Memphis, TN 38 1 17
Directors-at-Large:

East Tenn. — Dee Eiklor, Rt. 1 1, Box 178, Gray, TN 37615
Middle Tenn. — David Snyder, Biology Department, Austin Peay
State University, Clarksville, TN 37044
West Tenn. — John R. Conder, P.O. Box 443, Camden, TN 38320
Curator — James T. Tanner, 417 Switzerland Dr., Knoxville, TN 37920
Secretary — Nancy Tanner, 417 Switzerland Dr., Knoxville, TN 37920
Treasurer — George R. Payne, 5834 Edgewater Cove #2, Memphis,

TN 38134

All TOS members receive The Migrant and the TOS newsletter, The Tennessee
Warbler. The newsletter carries information about meetings, forays, and club activities.

Annual dues are $10.00 for an Active membership. Other categories of membership
are: Student - $5.00; Family - $12.00; Library - $15.00; Sustaining - $20.00; Life - $200.00.
Chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses. Dues, contributions, and be-
quests are deductible from Federal income and estate taxes. Back issues of The Migrant
may be purchased from the Curator. Please correspond with the Treasurer for subscriptions,
memberships, and changes of address.

Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December).

Printed by Tennessee Industrial Printing Services, Inc., 51 Miller Ave., Jackson, TN 38305.

Copyright © 1990 by the Tennessee Ornithological Society

THE MIGRANT

December 1990
Volume 61, Number 4

Commemorating the
75 th Anniversary
of the

Tennessee Ornithological Society

1915 — 1990

THE MIGRANT

Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society,
to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee.
Issued in March, June, September, and December.

VOL. 61

December 1990

NO. 4

The Migrant, 61(4):82-83, 1990.

INTRODUCTION

T. David Pitts

The Tennessee Ornithological Society (= TOS) celebrated its 50th anniversary
with a special issue of The Migrant in June 1965. To commemorate the 75th
anniversary another special issue has been prepared. In this issue some of the
changes in birdlife in Tennessee since 1965 are summarized and representative
activities of TOS members and chapters are described. Readers who are familiar
with the traditional appearance and fonnat of The Migrant will notice several
changes in this issue. Most of these changes are temporary. The cover design was
prepared by Ms. Teresa Bullock and donated to Mrs. Ben B. Coffey, Jr., who
graciously allowed its use.

One of my responsibilities as editor is to insure that each manuscript adheres to
certain standards of content and fonnat. In this issue some of the nonnal guidelines
have been modified, or even ignored, in an attempt to allow authors more personal
contact with the readers. I believe that the lead article, an address made by Dr.
James T. Tanner at the 75th anniversary meeting banquet, alone justifies the value
of such a policy. One of my regrets upon completion of this special issue is that the
coverage is not unifonn. Certain groups, of both birds and TOS members, have not
received the attention they deserve. This is due to a combination of factors such as
limited space and lack of information. In spite of these limitations, I trust that future
readers who did not experience the events of 1965-1990 which are described here
or who did not know the individuals described here will be better able to appreciate
the role of TOS and its contributions to ornithology in Tennessee.

I would like to express my appreciation to all who have assisted in the preparation
of this issue. Also, I wish to gratefully acknowledge the special contributions made
by Mr. and Mrs. Ben B. Coffey, Jr, Dr. Katherine Goodpasture, and Dr. James T.
Tanner to TOS and to my personal career.

82

83

The Migrant, 6 1(4): 84-89, 1990.

THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY AT 75,
LOOKING BACK AND LOOKING FORWARD

James T. Tanner

417 Switzerland Drive, Knoxville, TN 37920

The Tennessee Ornithological Society (T.O.S.) began in a very informal way.
Albert Ganier of Nashville, who described himself as a life-long student of birds,
called on the editor of The Morning Tennessean , a man named Dixon Merritt.
Ganier was attracted to Merritt because the latter occasionally wrote a kind of
nature column for his newspaper. Each knew of others who were interested in birds,
so the two called a meeting to see if there was interest in forming a “club for mutual
pleasure and benefit.” Five persons were present at a Nashville restaurant on 7 October
1915. They were: Albert Ganier, a civil engineer; Dixon Merritt, a newspaper
editor; George Mayfield, Sr., a professor at Vanderbilt University; Alonzo Webb,
an artist and teacher; and H. Y. Hughes, a judge in the civil courts. They agreed to
organize, so two weeks later they met again, with a new member, George M. Curtis
of the Vanderbilt College of Medicine. This second meeting was the formal
beginning of the T.O.S., with six members.

I have personal recollections of three of the founders, and I think that you will
be interested in the kind of persons they were. I begin with Albert Ganier, because
in many ways he was the backbone of the T.O.S. Mr. Ganier was a quiet, dignified,
but warm, gentleman. Professionally he was a civil engineer with the L. & N.
Railroad, rising to a very responsible position in that company. His primary interest
was in the birds of Tennessee, the birds living in the fields, woods, lakes and streams
of this state. He made field trips to all comers of the state, and he described his
observations in about 200 articles and notes. In his later years his field work was
handicapped by deafness, but this did not diminish his enthusiasm. In the T.O.S.
he held every important office at one time or another. “Held” is not the proper verb;
he “worked in” every office. One of his most valuable contributions to the Society
was being editor during the years of World War II. Then, because of travel
restrictions and the absence of many members in the anned forces, field work was
reduced, manuscripts for The Migrant were few and far between, annual meetings
of the Society could not be held, and publishing was hindered by lack of paper.
Despite all the difficulties, Mr. Ganier kept The Migrant going for a number of
years. In 1966 He was honored as Tennessee’s “Conservationist of the Year.”
Speaking personally, I had great respect for the man and was delighted to be a
friend.

Let me turn next to the second man mentioned in this history, Dixon Merritt. He
spent most of his life in the newspaper business, and at one time was editor of The
Nashville Tennessean. This was a strenuous business, and after the organization of
the Society he did not have much time for it until he retired to his farm near
Lebanon. He occasionally wrote articles for The Migrant , and if you want to get a
taste of his style I recommend you read an article in the June 1957 issue entitled
“One Weewe He Phoebe”, which is a sympathetic and entertaining account of a
pair of Phoebes that nested under the eaves of his home. A regular custom at our
annual meetings, while Dixon was alive, was to call upon him to recite a limerick

84

85

THE MIGRANT

DECEMBER

which he composed years ago, and which has become more famous than its author.
It goes:

A wonderful bird is the pelican,

His bill can hold more than his bellican,

He can hold in his beak.

Enough food for a week,

Though I’m damned if I know how the hellican.

Dixon not only had wit, humor, and perception, he was also a man of action. At
one of the first business meetings of the T.O.S. I ever attended, held under the trees
at a park near Nashville, the question came up of a debt of about $50 that the Society
had owed for some time. Dixon rose and said something about how this was
ridiculous, and all we had to do was pass the hat and ten $5 bills would pay off the
debt; in a few minutes it was accomplished. After his retirement, he led in
organizing the Lebanon Chapter of the T.O.S. All in all, he was a delightful man
to know.

The third of the founders that I came to know was George R. Mayfield, Sr. He
was a professor of Gennan at Vanderbilt University, usually rather formally
dressed, which was probably why he was always referred to as “Professor” or
“Doctor” Mayfield. But this remark is misleading, because he easily made friends
with his bright personality and quick wit. The wit was illustrated when on a field
trip he called out, “There is a Solitary Sandpiper.” Someone spoke up, saying, “I
say, it is a Spotted Sandpiper.” Dr. Mayfield replied, “Of course, a solitary Spotted
Sandpiper.” He had a marvelously acute sense of hearing, and a great memory for
the sounds of birds. This made him stand out on our group field trips. One of his
hobbies was to listen to Mockingbirds and identify the kinds of birds that were
mocked. He wrote an article on this for The Migrant (June 1934) listing about 50
species that Mockingbirds had imitated. He did the same for the Starling, identify-
ing about 30 species imitated in the songs of that species ( The Migrant , December
1942). Like the other founders, Dr. Mayfield was active in several fields. He wrote
many articles for newspapers, usually on aspects of conservation. And he once
served as chainnan of the Tennessee Conservation Commission.

Of the six founders, I know that four of them had long lives, living to the ages
of 80, 87, 90, and 93. This suggests that bird-study is a recipe for long life, a
welcome thought to readers of The Migrant. But I really think that these persons
were vigorous individuals, and because of their vigor they accomplished much in
their lives and lived a long time.

To return to the history of the T.O.S.: The Society remained centered in Nashville
for some time, but other chapters were gradually fonned. The Knoxville Chapter
started in 1923 under the leadership of H. P. Ijams, and the Memphis Chapter in
1929 under Ben Coffey. A good history of the growth of the Society was written
by Mary Davant of Memphis and published in The Migrant of June 1965.

At the organization meeting of the T.O.S., in 1915, some individuals volunteered
to find books on Tennessee birds or at least lists of birds of the state. Practically
nothing was found, and that was accepted as a challenge to begin accumulating
information. The first publication was “Bulletin No. 1, Tennessee Ornithological
Society, February 6, 1916.” This was a full page of print in both The Nashville
Tennessean and The Nashville American. It was rediscovered as a newspaper

1990

TOS AT 75

86

clipping in the archives of the T.O.S. when Katherine Goodpasture inventoried the
file. The first real effort to survey the kinds of birds found in the state resulted in
the publication in 1917 of “A Preliminary List of Birds of Tennessee,” and this was
revised in 1933 as ‘‘A Distributional List of the Birds of Tennessee.” Both of these
were written by Albert Ganier.

In 1930 the Society started its most lasting and valuable project, publication of
The Migrant. Its first editor was George Woodring of Nashville. In its 61 years
The Migrant has had only eight editors, an indication of both the devotion of these
persons and of the rewarding nature of the work. In judging the contributions of
The Migrant , it is easy to measure that a complete set occupies almost two feet of
a bookshelf. I did not attempt to estimate how many articles and notes have been
published, not even how many pages have been printed. It is also easy to perceive
the importance of our journal. It is a focus for many of our activities and a magnet
that brings participants together from across the state. Of course it is invaluable as
a record of what we have learned about birds, and this record has earned The
Migrant a reputation as one of the very best state ornithological journals.

A minor way to measure our progress in accumulating information is by the
number of bird species known to have been present in Tennessee. In 1917 the list
included 25 1 species; now it includes, by my count, 364 species.

Now to turn to some of the special projects which have been accomplished. The
most long-lasting has been the series of “forays”, as Albert Ganier named them.
His first foray was to Reelfoot Lake in 1915 to find the kinds of birds there in the
nesting season. Reelfoot was then an almost unknown area. The first forays were
often accomplished just by Albert Ganier and some friend, often Alfred Clebsch
of Clarksville. The most recent forays have included many participants following
the same pattern: a trip around early June to some section of the state where the
birds are little known, and intensive field work to find what is there. By now about
20 forays have been conducted in different regions of the states, but there still are
gaps which we must fill in.

Other long continuing activities have been the Christmas Bird Counts, Spring
Field Days, Fall Field Days, and the compilation of the observations to be published
in The Migrant. The first of these counts reported in The Migrant was in 1930.
Taken all together, these published reports contain an enormous amount of infor-
mation about birds.

A project which lasted a relatively short time but had some very interesting
results was the banding of Chimney Swifts. This was carried on at six locations in
Tennessee. The interesting results were that five bands put on Swifts in Memphis
by Ben Coffey and three in Nashville by J.B. Calhoun were recovered in 1944 in
northern Peru; this was the first solid evidence of where Chimney Swifts spent the
winter. Details on the banding and recovery are in the September 1944 issue of The
Migrant.

A series of studies taught us much about the night-time migration of birds. The
first of these was a cooperative project headed by an ornithologist at Louisiana
State University in which several chapters of the T.O.S. cooperated. Volunteers at
many locations watched the face of the full moon with a telescope, and counted the
birds as they flew silhouetted against the moon. From the results we learned that
night migrations were heaviest around midnight, and discovered something about
the direction of flight and the effects of weather. Later on two kinds of accidents

87

THE MIGRANT

DECEMBER

to migrating birds provided new knowledge about the species of night migrants
and their migratory seasons. The first accidents were at airport ceilometers in
Knoxville and Nashville where, under certain weather conditions, nocturnal
migrants were blinded by the intense light and flew into the ground by the hundreds.
Fortunately this no longer happens because the nature of ceilometers has changed.
The modem accidents result from birds striking very tall radio or television towers.
Amelia Laskey and Katherine Goodpasture obtained much data by identifying
birds killed by striking towers in the Nashville area.

In East Tennessee many hours have been spent watching the fall migration of
hawks along the mountain ridges. These observations began about 1948, but were
not coordinated until about 1954. Since then The Migrant has almost annually
carried a summary of the fall hawk migration.

Now our most important project is the “Breeding Bird Atlas.” It has been
underway for over four years, organized and spurred on by Charles Nicholson. As
the sports announcers say, it “has momentum”, and we are looking forward to its
completion. Like many projects, however, it may be harder to complete than it was
to get started. So we must work for its completion, and if individuals have no time
to do the field work, they can donate money in support.

This leads naturally to a related subject. In 1935 the four then surviving founders
of the T.O.S. wrote:

“A project which the Society is looking forward to is the preparation of a
comprehensive book on the birds of the State. It expects to sponsor nothing less
than a thoroughly accurate, fully illustrated volume.... The Society is confident
that such a work can be brought out in the not far distant future.”

Fifty-five years have passed since that statement, so: Why do we not have a state
bird book? The answer lies, perhaps surprisingly, in the success of the T.O.S. We
have accumulated so much infonnation about the birds of Tennessee that to
organize and condense all that infonnation has been too much of a challenge. For
years we had assumed that “The Birds of Tennessee” would be written by Albert
Ganier. He fully intended to do so, until about 1960 when he told me that he was
then not up to the task.

So we are faced with a mass of infonnation, perhaps more than has been recorded
for the birds of any other state in this country. What we need now is a series of
steps, each a pulling together of knowledge on one aspect of Tennessee bird life.
Only in this way will the mass of infonnation become organized and manageable.
One major step in this direction was accomplished by John Robinson who compiled
and digested most of the published records of each species in the state. This report
has recently been published by the University of Tennessee Press. To complete
some other steps was the motive for my writing three articles for The Migrant, an
analysis of the Christmas Bird Counts (December 1985), an analysis of the Spring
Bird Counts (December 1986), and an account of historical changes in the ranges
of birds in Tennessee (September 1988).

I wish to suggest some other projects which should be done. Any comprehensive
review of the birds of a state must depend heavily on accounts of the birds of local
areas, written by persons who are thoroughly familiar with the area and its birds.
At present we have only three good local accounts, one each for the Nashville area,
for Shelby County, and for the Great Smoky Mountains. Three reports done several
years ago now need revision; these pertain to Knox County, Greene County, and

1990

TOS AT 75

88

Carter County. You can see that there are still many parts of the state for which we
need local lists prepared by local authorities. Another subject which occurs to me
is a modem summary of the data on hawk migration. There must be a wealth of
information on waterfowl buried in the files of the Tennessee Valley Authority and
the state and federal wildlife agencies. Another set of possibilities is the histories
of species becoming rare, such as the Bachman’s Sparrow and Bam Owl, because
it is always harder to find data on declining populations than on any that are
increasing.

The “Breeding Bird Atlas” will, of course, provide a solid base of information
about the status of birds which nest in Tennessee. When it is done, we will know
more about the summer residents than we do about the migrants and winter
residents.

I think, furthermore, that now we need to start thinking about what kind of a state
bird book we want. Of course it must be an accurate, scientifically thorough, and
complete account. It also must appeal to many persons outside of the T.O.S., people
who are not as interested in birds as are we. This is necessary for financial reasons.
The kind of book we want cannot be published unless it has promise of a reasonably
large sale. Even though scientific, it must not be dull. What about illustrations?
Many state bird books, that for Massachusetts being the first, contain illustrations
of all species from the state, usually depicting both the birds and their habitats. One
reason for these pictures was that they were intended to aid in identification. But
now we have several field guides which serve that purpose much better. On the
other hand I think that a book without pictures would have a limited sale. This is
one example of the decisions that need to be made. What I am emphasizing now
is that we need to do some thinking about what kind of a book should be “The Birds
of Tennessee.”

I must conclude with a very different subject in which the T.O.S. has been
involved since its beginning, and which may grow in importance in the future, the
subject called “conservation.” The first members of the Society, especially Albert
Ganier and George Mayfield, felt that they needed to work for the legal protection
of birds, to keep them from being shot. In Article I of the T.O.S. constitution is the
statement that one purpose of the Society shall be “to stand for the passage and
enforcement of wise and judicious laws for bird protection.” Today the emphasis
has shifted. We, as birdwatchers, know that birds are found only in certain habitats:
thrushes and most warblers in the woods, rails and gallinules in the marshes, and
so on. We know that some habitats are disappearing, and others are changing
because of human actions. We know that, ultimately, if we are to conserve a species
we must protect its habitat. Members of the T.O.S. have been active in preserving
some good habitats; examples are Radnor Lake in Nashville, the Tennessee River
Gorge near Chattanooga, House Mountain near Knoxville, Overton Park in Mem-
phis, and the Monsanto ponds near Columbia. As in the early days, these ac-
complishments result, not by coordinated action of the whole Society, but largely
by individual efforts of some members of the Society. To me this means that the
T.O.S., by encouraging the study of birds, has fostered belief in the necessity of
conservation. I think that, in the long run, this has been a more lasting benefit than
if we had become a society oriented actively towards conservation. So let us keep
on doing what we have been doing.

I will end by quoting again from an article written in 1935 by four of the founders:

89

THE MIGRANT

DECEMBER

“Since the study of birds holds an inexhaustible supply of new
facts to be learned, this Society and its members have much to
look forward to in the years to come.”

In short, we are not yet finished; there is still plenty to do.

The Migrant, 6 1(4): 89-91, 1990.

NESTING BALD EAGLES IN TENNESSEE: 1965-1990

Robert M. Hatcher
Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency
Nashville, Tennessee 37204

During the last 25 years, the number of nesting Bald Eagles ( Haliaeetus
leucocephalus ) in Tennessee has increased. This population growth has been
primarily a result of three activities: (1) the banning of DDT from use in the United
States in 1972; (2) the release (by hacking) of young eagles; and, (3) the enhance-
ment of the fish food base by development of 34 man-made reservoirs totaling over
214,000 hectares (530,000 acres) during 1930-1980.

Bald Eagles once nested along the major river systems in Tennessee (Alsop
1979). Reelfoot National Wildlife Refuge records indicate that 14 “active nests”
were at Reelfoot Lake as late as 1954 and 1955 (Crews 1980). Since some pairs of
eagles may actively maintain more than one nest site, the actual number of nesting
pairs at Reelfoot Lake in 1954 and 1955 is not known. However, in 1961 the last
documented successful nesting for 22 years occurred in the state.

After DDT was banned from use in the United States, Tennessee’s January Bald
Eagle population increased from an annual average of 251 during 1979-1984 to
287 during 1985-1990. However, all of these eagles returned to nesting areas in
southern Canada and the Great Lakes states where they had fledged. A hacking
program was initiated in Tennessee in 1980 at Land-Between-the-Lakes (LBL) to
accelerate the establishment of a nesting population

The hacking technique assumed that raptors tend to return to nest in the general
area of their maiden flights. Hacking was initiated at Cornell University (Sherrod
and Cade 1978) in 1972 to reintroduce Peregrine Falcons ( Falco peregrinus ) in
areas where pesticides and other factors had previously extirpated the populations.
Hacking of Bald Eagles was initiated in 1976 in New York state, with one eagle
returning to nest in 1980 about 135 km (85 miles) from the hack site (Nye 1980).

From 1980 through 1990, 146 young Bald Eagles were released at five hack sites
in Tennessee (Table 1). Current proposals are for a total of 74 additional eagles to
be released at three of these sites and at a new site during 1991-1993 (Table 1).

EVIDENCE OF THE RETURN OF HACKED EAGLES

In Tennessee : In 1990, 13 of Tennessee’s 14 occupied Bald Eagle nests were
within about 75 km (47 miles) of the two oldest hack sites, LBL and Reelfoot Lake.
Included in these 13 were five of the six successful nests in the state. Five occupied
nests were an average of 19 km (12 miles) from the Reelfoot hack site and eight
occupied nests were an average of 43 km (27 miles) from the LBL hack site.

1990

NESTING BALD EAGLES

90

Two males which are known to have been hacked at LBL successfully nested
13 km (8 miles) and 24 km (15 miles) from their hack sites. Three other banded
eagles nested 13, 27, and 78 km (8, 17, and 49 miles) from the LBL and Reelf oot
Lake hack sites; these eagles may have been hacked in Tennessee but this could
not be confirmed.

Outside Tennessee : In 1990, there were six occupied Bald Eagle nests in
Kentucky within 96 km (60 miles) of the Tennessee hack sites. Three of these nests
fledged a total of six young. One mated pair, both with leg bands, fledged two
young 29 km (18 miles) north of the LBL hack site. There were two occupied, but
eventually abandoned, nests in Ballard County, Kentucky, approximately 80 km
(50 miles) and 96 km (60 miles) north of the Reelfoot Lake hack site. A male eagle
that was hacked at LBL in 1982 occupied a nest in 1989 and 1990 in south-central
Indiana, 288 km (180 miles) n6rth of the hack site.

THE NEXT 25 YEARS

Projections (Hatcher 1991) indicate the next 25 years should have an even
greater Bald Eagle population increase than the last 25 years. Of the 220 eagles to
be released by 1993 (Table 1), approximately 166 (75 percent) had not reached
reproductive age in 1990.

A computer population model indicates there would theoretically be 62 success-
ful nests in Tennessee’s area of influence by the year 2000 (Hatcher 1991). If
two-thirds of the successful nests should continue to be in Tennessee this would
mean a potential of 42 successful nests for the state. However, Tennessee’s
percentage would likely decline as eagles move into unoccupied nesting habitat in
nearby states.

Bald Eagle nesting success during the next 25 years will likely be governed
primarily by available habitat, human disturbance, and our collective abilities to
properly manage them.

LITERATURE CITED

Alsop, F.J., III. 1979. Population status and management considerations of Tennessee’s 13
threatened and endangered bird species. Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. 200 pp.
Crews, W. E. 1980. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Reelfoot and Lake Isom National
Refuges. File Mimeogr. 2 pp.

Floyd, J.K. 1990. Breeding ecology of bald eagles at Cross Creek National Wildlife Refuge.

M.S. Thesis, Murray State University, Murray, KY. 89 pp.

Hatcher, R.M. 1991. Computer model projections of bald eagle nesting in Tennessee. J.
Tn. Acad. Sci. 66:225-228.

Nye, P.E. 1980. Successful establishment of nesting Bald Eagles by hacking. Abstract from
Raptor Research Foundation Annual Meeting, October, 1980. Duluth, MN.

Sherrod, B.K., andT.J. Cade. 1978. Release of peregrines by hacking, pp. 121-136 in Greer,
T.G. (ed.) Birds of Prey Management Techniques, British Falconers’ Club, Oxford.

Most of the data and parts of the text of this manuscript were originally published by R. M. Hatcher
in the Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science, Vol. 66, 1991. Permission of the editor of the Journal
of the Tennessee Academy of Science, Ms. Libby Workman, to include the material in this issue of The
Migrant is gratefully acknowledged.

9 1 THE MIGRANT DECEMBER

Table 1. Tennessee'

1 s Bald Eagle

hacking

proj ects

and plans.

1 980-1993.

Years of

Releases

Nest

Target

Hack Site

Hacking

1 980-90

1 991-93

Goals*

Year

Land-Between-Lakes

1980-88

44

0

1 5

1 977

Reelfoot Lake

1981-88

43

0

1 2

1 999

Dale Hollow Lake

1 987-91

32

1 0

8

1 998

Chickamauga Lake

1 990-92

20

22

1 0

2005

Scottsboro

1 990-92

7

1 2

6

2006

South Holston Lake

1 991-93

0

30

10

2007

Totals

1 46

74

61

^Estimated carrying

capacity .

Table 2. Bald Eagle

nesting

in

Tennessee, 1983-1990.

f

83

' 84

' 1

35

'86

'87

' 88

' 89

'90

Total

Number fledged

1

2

3

7

9

1 5

1 0*

1 4*

61

Successful nests

1

2

2

4

5

8

6*

6*

34

Occupied nests

1

3

6

8

8

1 0

1 2

1 4

62

Number of fledglings/

successful nest 1

.0

1 .0

1

.5

1 .8

1 .8

1 .9

1 .7

1 .7

1 .8

Number of fledglings/

occupied nest 1

.0

0.7

0

.9

0.9

1 .1

1 .5

0.8

1 .0

1 .0

*During 1989 and 1990, a total of 4 nests had 7 additional young;

4 young were killed and 3 had unknown fates.

The Migrant, 61(4): 92-94, 1990.

RECOVERY OF THE EAST TENNESSEE OSPREY POPULATION

Thomas E. Beddow

Wildlife and Natural Heritage Resources Section
Tennessee Valley Authority
Norris, Tennessee 37828

Although there is little early information available, the Osprey {Pandion
haliaetus ) was apparently never a common breeding bird in east Tennessee. Early
in this century, Osprey habitat was limited to the larger rivers, a few small natural
lakes, and a few small reservoirs in east Tennessee. Nest records from this early
period include Garner’s report of a nest at Mullins Cove on Hales Bar Reservoir
(presently part of Nickajack Reservoir) in Marion County (Ganier 1933), a 1937
attempt at Andrew Jackson Lake in Knox County (Walker 1937), and a pair
building a nest at Davy Crockett Lake in Greene County in 1940 (White 1956).
The Knox County attempt was unsuccessful because local residents tore down two
consecutive nests under construction, accusing the birds of eating too many fish
(Walker 1937).

Following the construction of the Tennessee Valley Authority reservoirs in the
1930’s and 1940’s, the amount of suitable Osprey habitat in east Tennessee greatly
increased. The first published report of Ospreys nesting on the TV A reservoirs was
from Watts Bar Reservoir in 1961 (Comstock 1961; Owen 1963). In that year the
U.S. Coast Guard presented a nest with a portion of a hatched egg to the Elise
Chapin Audubon Sanctuary in Chattanooga. The nest had been removed during
repair work on the Euchee light navigation marker, about 10 km above Watts Bar
Dam. Ospreys apparently began building on the Euchee light in 1958, and the Coast
Guard removed these earlier nests. The success of these nesting attempts is
unknown.

The Euchee light continued to be used by Ospreys until the deteriorating
structure was dismantled in 1987; the nest was placed on a pole erected at the site.
Ospreys continue to nest on the pole, and this site probably has the longest record
of continuous use of any Osprey nest site in the state. From 1961 through 1976,
nest attempts were monitored by TOS members. Although eggs were laid during
several years, no young were fledged. Other Osprey nests were reported on
Chickamauga Reservoir near Hiwassee Island in 1967 and 1968, but no fledglings
were produced (Dubke 1967; K. Dubke, pers. comm.). A nest was also reported on
upper Chickamauga Reservoir on Yellow Creek in 1969. Two nestlings were
present in this nest in 1973 and 1975, but they did not successfully fledge. In 1969,
a second nest was present on Watts Bar Reservoir in the White’s Creek area; this
nest contained two eggs, but it did not fledge young.

Active management of the Osprey population began in 1976. Following the 1976
nesting season, the nest on the Euchee light navigation marker was removed by
TVA personnel, and, with the permission of the Coast Guard, replaced in early
1977 on a 1.2 m square elevated wooden platfonn above the light on the marker.
A pair of Ospreys accepted the nest and successfully fledged three young. A
partially built nest was also discovered in 1977 on the White’s Creek navigation
marker about 8 km upstream of the Euchee nest.

92

93

THE MIGRANT

DECEMBER

Following the success of the Euchee nest in 1977, management activities
increased in 1978. To provide a more secure nest site, an artificial nest was built
in the top of a tree on a nearby island. The nest on the White’s Creek light was
removed, and the light was modified to discourage the pair from returning. The
pair accepted the new nest site and two fledglings were successfully produced. The
Euchee light nest was monitored, and two apparently infertile eggs were found and
removed. In mid-June, two nestlings were obtained from nests on the Chesapeake
Bay, flown to Tennessee, and placed in the Euchee nest. Both foster nestlings
successfully fledged.

Based on the success of the fostered young and results of raptor hacking
programs elsewhere, hacking of Ospreys began in in 1979 (Hammer 1981).
Hacking is the process of taking young from a healthy population and rearing them
to independence in the recovery area with minimal exposure to humans to avoid
imprinting. Once the birds mature, they return to the hacking area to nest. TVA
biologists and cooperators placed young Ospreys, taken from nests on the
Chesapeake Bay, in artificial nests on Chickamauga and Norris Reservoirs. The
four young successfully fledged. In the following years, Ospreys were hacked at
additional sites on Chickamauga, Nickajack, Watts Bar, Fort Loudoun, Douglas
and Cherokee Reservoirs, and at the lake on Bays Mountain in Sullivan County. A
pair of Ospreys attempted nesting on Holston Army Ammunition Plant in Hawkins
County in 1987 and successfully nested in 1988. These birds were probably from
the hacking project at nearby Bays Mountain. There is no other evidence that east
Tennessee hacking efforts resulted in established nesting populations.

Meanwhile, efforts to increase the naturally nesting east Tennessee Osprey
population continued. The growth of this population is shown in Figure 1. Two
efforts to relocate nests from Watts Bar navigation structures to treetop, artificial
nests on large islands were unsuccessful. These treetop nests were below the
surrounding tree canopy and had limited visibility. We therefore concentrated on
providing elevated nesting platfonns with good visibility. Prior to the 1983 nesting
season, six navigation structures were modified to provide a secure nest platfonn
mounted on a tripod above the light. This allowed Ospreys to nest on the structures
without interfering with their navigation function. Five of the six had active nests
during the 1983 season. That same year, the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency
also placed two pole-mounted platfonns on islands within wildlife management
areas on Watts Bar; both were used during the 1983 nesting season. Erection of
pole-mounted platfonns has continued, and all manmade nesting structures have
been occupied at one time or another. In recent years, several nests have been
discovered in trees along the shoreline. These shoreline habitats were previously
considered low quality nesting sites. Their use may indicate a lack of optimum nest
sites, which appears to be the only factor limiting the continued growth of the
population. Watts Bar has apparently not reached its carrying capacity and we plan
to provide more nesting structures.

Ospreys from the Watts Bar population have also expanded to nearby reservoirs.
In 1986, a pair built a nest at Hiwassee Island, Chickamauga Reservoir. This area
was also used in 1987, but was apparently unsuccessful each year. In 1988, a pair
successfully nested on a wood power pole at the upstream end of Melton Hill
Reservoir near Clinton in Anderson County. The pair returned in 1989, but nesting
was not successful. A dead Osprey, killed by a gunshot, was found late that spring

1990

RECOVERY OF OSPREY POPULATION

94

a few kilometers from the nest. Nesting structures were built on Melton Hill below
Solway, and young fledged from one nest in 1990 and two in 1991. A pair built a
nest on a dead tree near the upper end of Tellico Reservoir in 1989, but apparently
did not fledge young. This nest was used by Bald Eagles in 1991. Two nests were
present in 1991 on Fort Loudoun Reservoir, and one of them fledged young.

I believe the east Tennessee Osprey population will continue its rapid growth
(Figure 1) for several years. This growth has shown some fluctuation, and the low
numbers in 1989 may have been due to unusually heavy spring and summer rains.
The 29 active nests in 1991 fledged an average of 2.3 young, a high rate compared
to other populations (Henny 1988). On Watts Bar Reservoir, suitable nest sites
appear to be limiting, and TWRA, in cooperation with TVA, intends to continue
building more nest structures. We also plan to continue building structures on other
reservoirs as their need arises.

LITERATURE CITED

Comstock, R. 1961. The season: Chattanooga. Migrant 32:43-44.

Dubke, K.H. 1967. Osprey nesting attempt near Hiwassee Island. Migrant 38:61 .

Ganier, A.F. 1933. Two March days at Mullins Cove. Migrant 4:3-4.

Hammer, D.A. 1981 . Osprey reintroduction in the Tennessee Valley, pp. 104-106 in Odum,
R.R., and J.W. Guthrie. Proc. Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Symposium. Georgia
Dept. Nat. Res., Game and Fish Div., Tech. Bull. WL 5.

Henny, C.J. 1988. Osprey, pp 73-102 in Palmer, R.S., Ed. Handbook of North American
birds, Vol. 4. Yale Univ. Press, New Haven.

Owen, J.B. 1963. Osprey nest on Watts Bar Lake. Migrant 34:60-62.

Walker, W.M. 1937. The Ospreys build a nest. Migrant 8:53.

White, J.B. 1956. Birds of Green County, Tennessee. Migrant 27:1-8.

Figure 1. Growth of the Osprey population in east Tennessee, 1977-1991.
The count of fledglings was incomplete in 1982 and 1988. Until 1986, all
nests were on Watts Bar Reservoir.

The Migrant, 61 (4):95- 104, 1990.

SIZE AND TRENDS OF WADING BIRD POPULATIONS IN
TENNESSEE DURING 1977-1988

Burline P. Pullin
Tennessee Valley Authority
Norris, Tennessee 37828

INTRODUCTION

Most heron and egret species nest in conspicuous colonies which traditionally
use sites for many consecutive nesting seasons. This behavior facilitates census
efforts and affords ornithologists unique opportunities to study regional population
trends. Historic data on Tennessee wading birds indicate that the number of species,
number of nesting colonies, and total breeding pairs increased in the 1930’s, but
declines occurred during the next two decades. Populations rebounded again in the
1960’s, but by 1972 significant declines were reported (Pitts 1973).

In 1977 the Tennessee Valley Authority initiated a Valley-wide survey of
colonial nesting wading birds to identify viable populations and to manage and
protect colonies occupying public lands. The annual survey was conducted until
1989 when budget restraints curtailed census activities. I present data on Tennessee
heronries for the 1977-1988 survey period in this report. Cattle Egret ( Bubulcus
ibis ) records are sparse and have been reported elsewhere (Tanner 1989). Green-
backed Herons {Butorides striatus) are typically solitary nesters and are ubiquitous
in Tennessee, so they were not included in the survey.

METHODS

Great Blue Heron {Ardea herodias ) populations were censused by systematic
counts of active nests on aerial photographs. A Koni-Omega professional format
camera equipped with a 180-millimeter f/4. 5 ultratelephoto lens and EPD 120 color
reversal film was used to photograph nests from a Hughs 500-C helicopter. Counts
were made from color positive photographs (5.5 cm x 7.0 cm) with a dissecting
microscope (16x). Surveys were conducted during the late incubation period in
mid-March when newly emerging, sparse foliage provided little cover to incubating
herons. Great Blue Herons generally responded to the circling helicopter by
standing over their nests; this allowed clutches to be seen and active nest status
confirmed.

Since Black-crowned Night-Herons ( Nycticorax nycticorax ) initiate nesting
activities later than Great Blue Herons and prefer to nest below the canopy in
conifers, active Night-Heron nests were determined by ground-based inspection.
Nests were considered active if eggshells, nestlings, or significant concentrations
of guano were present in or below nests. Visual estimates of Great Egret ( Cas -
merodius albus ), Little Blue Heron ( Egretta caerula ), and Yellow-crowned Night-
Heron ( Nyctanassa violaceus) populations were provided by other observers.

RESULTS

Great Blue Heron Colonies

The size and distribution of wading bird colonies in Tennessee from 1977 to
1988 are summarized in Table 1 . In 1977, four colonies of Great Blue Herons were

95

1990

SIZE AND TRENDS OF WADING BIRD POPULATIONS

96

known with a total population of 180 breeding pairs. By 1987 the documented
population had increased to 2,124 pairs in 24 colonies (Table 2). Populations in the
eastern and western regions increased steadily throughout the survey period. The
largest single year increase in the fonnation of new colonies occurred in 1985 when
a total of 10 new colonies was discovered in the eastern and western regions. Great
Blue Heron populations in central Tennessee increased during 1982-1988 follow-
ing two successive annual declines in nesting pairs (Figure 1).

I also examined the population growth rate of nine Great Blue Heron colonies
(Table 3). The compound annual growth rate, r, indicates how fast a population is
growing (Ricklefs 1975). Generally, small colonies grew more rapidly than the
large colonies.

Black-crowned Night-Heron Colonies

Black-crowned Night-Heron populations increased dramatically in the eastern
and central regions in 1981 (Table 2). During 1977-1980 the number of nesting
pairs fluctuated slightly in the east and remained stable in the central region (Figure
2). No active nests were acknowledged in western Tennessee until the discovery
of a mixed-species colony at Hales Point in 1983. However, the population size
was undetermined until 1985 when 12 active nests were counted. Despite a tripling
of the statewide population of Night-Herons from 1977 to 1984, the number of
colony sites increased only from four to six with the two new sites (Hales Point
Colony and Long Island Colony) accounting for less than 1 percent of the total
population.

Great Egret, Little Blue Heron, and Yellow-crowned Night-Heron Populations

Great Egrets were reported nesting in only two sites in Tennessee during the
survey period. The population at Reelfoot has grown since 1977 but my data are
incomplete and do not reflect true increases. My data denote visible active nests
during the March survey and typically only capture early arrivals at the Reelfoot
Colony. Visual estimates on total egrets sighted in the colony during late June by
other observers indicate a more rapid increase in the population than is reported
here. The only other known active Great Egret nest was sighted at Waller Pond in
1986.

Little Blue Herons nested at three sites in Tennessee from 1982 through 1985
(Table 1). The Hales Point population was the largest reported with 20 active nests
in 1985. The earliest sighting was eight nests near New Johnsonville in 1982. The
site was abandoned after one season. One nest with three young was discovered in
Houston County in 1984. The adults apparently abandoned the site after the young
nestlings fell from the nest.

Reported sightings of active Yellow-crowned Night-Heron nests were received
each year from 1977-1987. West Tennessee sites contained the largest known
nesting populations (Table 1) with the number of nesting pairs ranging from two
to 68. Nest site fidelity was relatively short for all regions with colonies occupied
from a single year to a maximum four successive years. Most sites were active for
only two nesting seasons.

97

THE MIGRANT

DECEMBER

DISCUSSION

The most conspicuous wader trend in Tennessee during recent years is the
extensive range expansion by nesting Great Blue Herons. Prior to TVA dam
construction along the Tennessee River, most significant nesting colonies of Great
Blue Herons and Great Egrets occurred in tupelo swamps in Henry and Humphries
Counties and in cypress breaks at Reelfoot Lake (Ganier 1951). Creation of
Kentucky, Chickamauga, and Watts Bar Reservoirs in the 1940’s provided addi-
tional lacustrine habitats with fertile, shallow water overbank feeding areas, but
not without consequences to west Tennessee waders. Clearing of bottomland
hardwoods prior to Kentucky Lake impoundment forced colony relocations. There-
after, populations fluctuated until the late 1970’s when Great Blue Heron numbers
began to grow and small satellite colonies formed in previously unavailable
habitats, especially in east Tennessee. Despite losses of significantly-sized colonies
in the 1960’s, remnant populations in each region (e.g., Reelfoot, Duck River,
Sinking Pond, Annstrong Bend) were sufficient to rekindle growth. Most declines
apparently resulted from habitat destruction including logging and drainage ac-
tivities, but other sites were impacted by direct disturbance (e.g., Cranetown
Colony, Gersbacher 1964).

I expect that the statewide Great Blue Heron population will continue to expand
and extend its range until competition for food resources begins to limit or stabilize
net productivity and adult and juvenile survival rates. Great Egret numbers are
increasing in west Tennessee from the small remnant population at Reelfoot Lake.
East Tennessee may benefit from a reintroduced breeding population in northeast
Alabama. Future expansion into favorable habitats on Chickamauga and Watts Bar
Reservoirs is very plausible.

Little Blue Herons and Snowy Egrets were severely impacted by drainage of
wetlands for agriculture conversion (e.g., Ridgely and Dyersburg Colonies, Ganier
1960). Only 20 Little Blue Heron nests were acknowledged in Tennessee as late
as 1985. Snowy Egrets have not nested in the state since the mid-1950’s. Rees-
tablishment of sustaining populations will have to rely on immigration by Arkansas
or Missouri birds.

There is evidence that Black-crowned Night-Herons are more sensitive to
organochloride pesticides than are Great Blue Herons. In 1980 significant con-
centrations of DDE were found in 6.5 percent of the eggs sampled in east Tennessee
(Fleming et al. 1984). However, I believe productivity has been most significantly
impacted by direct human disturbance and land use conflicts. East Tennessee
colonies have been subjected to repeated forced relocations by requests of private
landowners. The beleaguered Fort Loudoun Colony moved seven times between
1977 and 1986. In 1987 the population split into two groups, one of which nested
on public land adjacent to Fort Loudoun Reservoir while the second occupied
private property near Tellico Lake. Every forced relocation was followed by a
decline in the number of active nests from the previous nesting season. The
Cherokee Lake population fared somewhat better but still occupied five different
nest sites between 1977 and 1985. During 1982-1984, the herons nested success-
fully on public property where the population grew from 306 to 764 breeding pairs.
The herons abandoned the site in early 1985. During late March, when Black-
crowned Night-Herons initiate nesting activities in east Tennessee, I found
evidence of human disturbance to the site including tracks from all-terrain vehicles

1990

SIZE AND TRENDS OF WADING BIRD POPULATIONS

98

and horses, charred camp sites, and spent shotgun shells. Colony location and
population size during 1986-1988 is unknown. The Sevierville population oc-
cupied a privately owned loblolly pine stand from 1977 through 198 1 where it grew
from 132 to 423 breeding pairs. This growth accelerated the deterioration of pine
trees and the birds moved in 1982. The population decreased to 303 nesting pairs
in 1983 but recovered to 493 pairs by 1985. The site was abandoned in 1987 with
nearby construction activities. For each of the aforementioned Black-crowned
Night-Heron colonies, the number of breeding pairs increased when populations
occupied undisturbed sites for two or more consecutive seasons.

In central Tennessee a similar scenario has been noted. The Bordeaux site came
under state ownership and protection in 1978. The population responded by
increasing from 70 pairs in 1977 to 370 nesting pairs in 1984. However, the
population began to fall as nest trees deteriorated from nesting pressures and urban
development continued around the perimeter of the colony (Paul Hamel, pers.
comm.).

Overall, while the total Black-crowned Night-Heron population increased
statewide, the number of significantly sized colonies remained unchanged from
1977 through 1984; this underscores the vulnerability of the four largest colonies.
Fluctuations in Black-crowned Night-Heron numbers will likely continue until
stable, protected nest sites are identified and utilized by the herons. Opportunities
for expansion by displaced Bordeaux birds exist on nearby Percy Priest and Old
Hickory Reservoirs. Underutilized, suitable nesting habitats on public lands occur
on Cherokee and Douglas Reservoirs in east Tennessee, but very few opportunities
exist on Fort Loudoun.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I thank Ken Gamer, Ken Dubke, Scott Atkins, Robert Hatcher, and J.B. Owen
for information on Yellow-crowned Night-Heron and Little Blue Heron populations.

LITERATURE CITED

Fleming, W.J., B.P. Pullin, and D.M. Swineford. 1984. Population trends and environmental
contaminants in herons in the Tennessee Valley, 1980-81 . Colonial Waterbirds 7:63-73.
Ganier, A.F. 1951. The breeding herons of Tennessee. Migrant 22: 1 -8.

Ganier, A.F. 1960. A new heronry in northwest Tennessee. Migrant 31:48-49.
Gersbacher, E.O. 1964. Heronries of Reelfoot Lake — 25 years later. J. Tn. Acad. Sci.
39:15-16.

Pitts, T.D. 1973. Tennessee heron and egret colonies: 1972. Migrant 44:89-93.

Ricklefs, R.E. 1975. Ecology. Chiron Press. Portland, Oregon.

Tanner, J.T. 1988. Changing ranges of birds in Tennessee. Migrant 59:73-87.

99

THE MIGRANT

DECEMBER

Figure 1. Nesting population growth of great blue herons in Tennessee
from 1977 to 1987.

Figure 2. Black-crowned night-heron population growth in Tennessee from
1977 to 1984.

EAST

Figure 3. Locations of wading bird colonies in Tennessee during 1977-1988.

Table 1. Size and distribution of nesting wading bird populations in Tennessee during
1977-1988.

1990

SIZE AND TRENDS OF WADING BIRD POPULATIONS

100

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Table 1. Size and distribution of nesting wading bird populations in Tennessee during
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101

THE MIGRANT

DECEMBER

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Table 1. Size and distribution of nesting wading bird populations in Tennessee during
1977-1988. (cont.)

1990

SIZE AND TRENDS OF WADING BIRD POPULATIONS 102

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populations during 1977-1988.

103

THE MIGRANT

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1990

SIZE AND TRENDS OF WADING BIRD POPULATIONS 104

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The Migrant, 61(4), 105-106, 1990.

TRIBUTES TO THE FOUNDERS OF THE TENNESSEE
ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Kenneth H. Dubke
8139 Roy Lane
Ooltewah, TN 37363

When any organization reaches the milestone age of 75 years it is certainly a
testimonial to the farsightedness of its founders. Such were the organizers of TOS:
Dr. George R. Curtis, Mr. Albert F. Ganier, Judge H.Y. Hughes, Prof. George R.
Mayfield, Sr., Mr. Dixon L. Merritt, and Prof. A.C. Webb.

One must be mindful that when the TOS was first organized in October 1915
there was not the widespread interest in nature study and appreciation as we have
come to know it today. True, three of the nationwide ornithological organizations,
the American Ornithologists’ Union, the Wilson Ornithological Society, and the
Cooper Ornithological Society have published their respective journals, The Auk,
The Wilson Bulletin, and The Condor, continually since the late 1800’s. On a more
local or regional basis bird students organized, printed journals for a period of time,
and then the organizations disappeared into the mist of history. For example, in
1893 the Iowa Ornithological Association was fonned and commenced publishing
their journal, The Iowa Ornithologist. In their initial issue they commented .to
have noticed the lack of organization among the fraternity throughout the Missis-
sippi Valley, while in the East flourishing ornithological societies are numerous.”
The organizers stressed in the same volume that The Iowa Ornithologist “. . .is the
only Magazine, devoted to Ornithology and Oology in the Mississippi Valley.” The
last issue of their quarterly magazine was released in July 1898.

With this brief background in mind one must admit with pride the boldness
exhibited when our founders stepped forward into the uncharted future. George R.
Curtis moved away shortly after the founding while Judge H.Y. Hughes and Prof.
A.C. Webb died early in the organization’s history. Albert F. Ganier, George R.
Mayfield, Sr., and Dixon L. Merritt survived and with their varied talents and
personalities bequeathed an indelible print that is still very much in evidence
throughout the organization today. In fact, these three individuals were held in such
high esteem that members have erected pennanent memorials to their memories.

Dixon Merritt was the first so honored in 1978 with plaques placed at the nature
center that bears his name in the Cedars of Lebanon State Park. The park is located
in his home county of Wilson. Companions Albert F. Ganier and George R.
Mayfield, Sr. in the early years explored together the fields and woods in the area
that has now been preserved as the Radnor Lake State Natural Area in Davidson
County. In 1978, with respect and fondness, Nashville Chapter members memorial-
ized Mr. Ganier with an appropriate ceremony and a plaque embedded in a stone
that was placed on top of a knob in the park. The knob was also named in his honor.
On Sunday, 20 May 1990, Nashville Chapter members gathered once more at
Radnor Lake where they presented to the park a plaque honoring George R.
Mayfield, Sr. It is now hanging in the nature center and will later be moved to a
new building be displayed with other birding material. (Please see pages 1 14-1 16
for more details of this event.)

105

1990

TRIBUTES TO THE FOUNDERS OF TOS

106

Finally, as a further token of deep gratitude to the farsightedness of all the
founding fathers, Margaret Mann has, with singleminded determination, spear-
headed the required research and with tenacity has won the approval of the
Nashville Historical Commission to have a suitable recognition marker placed on
the former site of Faucon’s French Restaurant. The restaurant in downtown
Nashville was the founding site for the society.

Today, the TOS is recognized as the oldest, continuously active conservation
and education organization in Tennessee. Truly, from a tiny acorn an impressive
oak has grown.

Photographs of memorials to two of the founders.

The Migrant, 61(4): 107-108, 1990.

HISTORY OF THE ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM AND TOS FALL MEETING

Kenneth H. Dubke
8 1 39 Roy Lane
Ooltewah, TN 37363

Since the formation of the TOS in October, 1915 the organization has, over the
years, expanded the number and variety of activities for its members. Some
examples include: the summer foray, begun in 1936; spring bird counts, begun in
1946; and, the annual hawks counts, begun in 1951. The Fall Meeting and
Symposium has a more recent origin.

The first fall Tennessee Ornithological Symposium was held at Pete Smith’s
Watts Bar Resort, on Watts Bar Lake, 28 October 1967. During the first three years
the symposium was informally sponsored by TOS members and held in East
Tennessee. In 1970, the TOS assumed formal organizational responsibility.

The genesis for this type of an event occurred on a long automobile trip to
Virginia and West Virginia by Wallace Coffey, Ken Dubke, and Charlie Smith.
The original idea proposed was that we would invite others, meet in a central
location, and if only the three of us showed up it would be considered a success. A
total of eleven people attended the initial event so all were in agreement that it was
overwhelmingly successful.

The first symposium set the tone and the format for all subsequent gatherings.
The original invitation stated the purpose as follows: “To bring to the fore research
projects that are currently being carried on and focus attention on areas that
participants may wish to explore. Also, a discussion of how the results may be
published in The Migrant to reach the maximum number of interested individuals.”

Since the original printing of the program for the first symposium had a limited
distribution, the list of speakers and the abstracts of the papers are given below.

1967 Hawk Migration. Thomas C. Finucane. A summary of this
year’s results with the cooperative project.

Nesting East Tennessee Osprey: Past, Present and Future. Ken-
neth H. Dubke. From the evidence on hand it appears there has
been a small nesting population for many years. It appears there
is still one. A discussion of the evidence and present plans to
make an actual census to determine their future.

Amnicola Marsh Nesting Birds. Jon E. DeVore. This relatively
new habitat was at optimum condition for nesting marsh species
this season. A discussion of field studies carried out there.

Preliminary Study of Nesting Red-winged Blackbirds. Charles
R. Smith.

Initiating an Audubon Breeding Bird Census. Joseph C. Howell.

There has been considerable talk in recent years on the reduction
of certain species of birds. A discussion led by an expert on how

107

1990 HISTORY OF ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM AND TOS FALL MEETING 108

to survey an area to determine absolute abundance, instead of
the usual relative abundance.

The Migrant in Progress — Our Changing Times. John Wallace
Coffey.

Tennessee's Participation in the Cornell Nest Card Program.

Albert F. Ganier. Over a lifetime Mr. Ganier has made an
intensive study of Tennessee’s various nesting species. He will
show there is still a tremendous amount to be learned and how
it can be used in the Cornell Nest Card Program.

The next day the symposium participants joined in the traditional Hiwassee
Island Barge Trip to view the waterfowl concentrations in the Blythe Ferry area
located between Dayton and Cleveland.

For the first ten years, Ken Dubke had the sole responsibility of organizing the
event while Wallace Coffey had the task of preparing the colorful brochures for
Ken to distribute. Ken also made all of the facility arrangements for the first nine
years; then, George R. Mayfield, Jr. offered to shoulder this duty.

For the years 1977 to 1984, T. David Pitts assumed responsibility for lining up
a slate of speakers for the programs. George Mayfield continued to arrange for
facilities and the meeting locations with the preferred geographical emphasis
somewhere in the mid-state area. The central location was desired in order to reduce
travel time from distant comers of the state and thus make it more convenient for
additional people to attend.

In 1979 the event was held in Gallatin with the arrangements hosted by the
Nashville Chapter; field trips and other activities were coordinated by Dot and Paul
Crawford. That year set a precedent whereby central Tennessee chapters made
arrangements and their members led the popular field trips to nearby birding
locations. Since then, all of the middle Tennessee chapters (Columbia, Murfrees-
boro, Highland Rim, John W. Sellars, and Buffalo River) have been involved. An
east Tennessee chapter, Chattanooga, hosted the 1985 meeting at Fall Creek Falls
State Park.

In 1985 Fred J. Alsop, III was responsible for the program arrangements. He was
followed by Stephen J. Stedman for the years 1986 and 1987. David H. Synder
took up the reins for 1988 and 1989.

In 1988 the TOS held a joint meeting with the Alabama Ornithological Society
at Land-Between-the-Lakes. The nearby Warioto Audubon Society and Austin
Peay State University co-hosted the activities. The meeting moved to Crossville in
1989 with George Mayfield again making the facility and field trip arrangements.
In this task he was assisted by members of the newly fonned Cumberland County
Chapter.

It appears that the original format initiated in 1967 has now been tested by time
and has been well received and accepted by the membership. With continued strong
interest and support the fall meeting and symposium should be a popular TOS
activity into the future.

The Migrant y 6 1(4): 109-1 13, 1990.

THE 1990 TOS DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARDS

Ron Hoff

2512 Gray Hendrix Rd.

Knoxville, TN 37931

At the 1989 TOS Fall Meeting the Board of Directors approved the establishment
of annual awards to be given to persons who have made significant and lasting
contributions to the Tennessee Ornithological Society. A committee consisting of
Ron Hoff (Chair), Barbara Finney, and Richard Newton reviewed nominations and
selected 10 recipients based on past contributions and geographical location.
Numerous worthy members could not be honored this year. Some of the persons
submitting nominations asked to remain anonymous; these requests have been
honored and, to be consistent, none of the other persons who prepared nominations
are listed. Copies of the nominations and the decisions of the committee have been
placed in the editor’s files. On behalf of the committee I thank all of the individuals
who prepared nominations. On behalf of TOS I express thanks to all of the
recipients for their contributions. The recipients are listed alphabetically. The
contributions of each recipient are numerous; in fact, an entire issue of The Migrant
might be necessary to adequately describe their activities. Consequently, a synopsis
of their contributions is presented.

SUE BELL

(Mrs. William F. Bell, Sr.)

Nashville Chapter

Since 1949 Mrs. Bell has been an interested, active, and dedicated member of
TOS. She has served as State President, Chapter President, and member of the
chapter Records Committee. She has participated in Breeding Bird Surveys and
was the instigator of the Hawk Watch held at Bon Air. No mention of her talents
and activities would be complete without commenting on her gracious hospitality
as hostess of innumerable compilations, committee meetings, and other gatherings.

MISS MARY DAVANT
Memphis Chapter

Miss Davant is a charter member of the Memphis Chapter which was organized
in January 1930. Over the past 60 years she has been a mainstay of the chapter.
Along with Ben Coffey and Jack Embury, two other charter members, she tirelessly
promoted the new organization. She served as Chapter President three times, the
only member to serve more than once. She also has served as Vice-President for
West Tennessee as a State Director on several occasions. She participated in
innumerable Chimney Swift banding sessions as part of the famous Memphis
project. A librarian, she often researched infonnation for the chapter. She prepared
the history of the chapters of TOS for the Golden Anniversary issue. For the past
60 years she has distinguished herself as a leader, worker and friend of the Memphis
Chapter and TOS.

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1990

1990 TOS DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARDS

110

KEN DUBKE
Chattanooga Chapter

Mr. Dubke has served as TOS President, Treasurer, and Conservation Committee
Chairman in addition to being on numerous other committees and a State Director.
He and his wife (see below) have diligently supported and promoted the Chattanooga
Chapter of which he has served as President and in other capacities. He has run
Breeding Bird Survey routes for 20 years and has worked numerous blocks in the
Breeding Bird Atlas project. He was a co-founder of the TOS Symposium and Fall
Meeting, of which he has not missed a meeting. He has travelled many miles, written
a multitude of letters, and made myriad phone calls on behalf of habitat conservation.

LIL DUBKE
(Mrs. Kenneth Dubke)

Chattanooga Chapter

Mrs. Dubke has served as TOS Vice President and on numerous committees.
She has served as President of the Chattanooga Chapter and has for many years
compiled and edited “The Chat”, the monthly newsletter of the Chattanooga Chapter.
She has conducted breeding bird surveys for 17 years and has worked many blocks in
the Breeding Bird Atlas project. She was a leader in the effort to preserve Amnicola
Marsh. She and her husband Ken have participated in numerous Hawk Watches,
Raptor Surveys, Sandhill Crane Surveys, and Eagle Surveys. She has tirelessly and
enthusiastically promoted birding, not only in the Chattanooga area, but across the state.

DR. KATHERINE GOODPASTURE
Nashville Chapter

Dr. Goodpasture joined the Nashville Chapter in 1940. She soon became one of
the leaders in ornithological studies and activities in the area. She has banded
numerous birds, maintained accurate records, and written many articles for state,
regional, and national journals. For 20 years she coordinated the Breeding Bird
Surveys in Tennessee; she ran several routes and was consistently able to maintain
a cadre for the completion of the other routes. She directed the monitoring of TV
tower kills in Nashville. She has participated in all counts and activities of the
Nashville Chapter and has held many offices. She has worked with birds in
Tennessee at a time when there were and are distinguished persons contributing to
ornithological knowledge of Tennessee. She has complemented them with her
broad understanding of research, her careful counsel, and above all her personal
ability to inspire and teach. Her name is synonymous with careful work, accurate
recording, and scholarly writing.

LOIS HERNDON
(Mrs. Lee R. Herndon)

Lee R. Herndon Chapter

Mrs. Herndon became a member of TOS in 1944. Since then she has held
numerous chapter offices. She has participated in and supported both chapter and
state activities. When her late husband received justly deserved recognition for his
contributions to TOS, many members, including Dr. Herndon himself, recognized
that her contributions, although not always as obvious, where especially important.

Ill

THE MIGRANT

DECEMBER

J.B. OWEN
Knoxville Chapter

By way of his regular columns in the Knoxville newspapers Mr. Owen has
reached and influenced more of the general public than perhaps anyone else in
TOS. His columns were published in the Knoxville Journal from 1960-1972 and
in the Knoxville News-Sentinel from 1973 to the present. Drawing on his own field
experiences, the records of the local chapter and its members, and the publications
of recognized authorities he has explained bird life and its study to thousands of
readers. He became a member of TOS in 1947 ; since then he has served in a variety
of offices at both the chapter and state level.

DR. ARLO SMITH
Memphis Chapter

Dr. Smith has been an active member of TOS for more than 30 years. During
this time he has demonstrated his concerns about environmental issues in a number
of ways. He was a leader in the successful efforts to prevent the construction of
Interstate 40 through Overton Park and the Memphis Zoo. He authored a definitive
work on the wildflowers of the Mid-South. For years he has been a stalwart member
of organizations which seek to protect the environment and preserve the natural
areas of our state and nation. He has delighted audiences with his presentations and
photographs of wildflowers and birds.

NOREEN SMITH
(Mrs. Arlo Smith)

Memphis Chapter

Mrs. Smith has been a member of TOS since 1953. She has served as Chapter
Secretary and President and State Director, Vice-President, and President. She has
run Breeding Bird Survey routes each year for 23 years, in addition to participating
in chapter counts and hikes. She assisted in compiling and tabulating 50 years of
bird sighting records in Shelby County for publication. On a statewide basis she is
best known for her efforts in the eagle hacking program at Reelfoot Lake. During
the first year, she and her husband Arlo ran the project with relief only on weekends.
In the following years she continued to recruit and coordinate volunteer par-
ticipants. Both she and Arlo continue their active participation in the Breeding Bird
Atlas project.

DR. JAMES T. TANNER
Knoxville Chapter

Dr. Tanner became a member of TOS in 1940. Since then he has served the
society as President, Editor, and Curator in addition to his involvement in numerous
committees and other activities of TOS. He was a founder of the chapter in Johnson
City and later an active member in the Knoxville Chapter. He has published many
articles in The Migrant and other journals, but he is most recognized for his study
of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker. Many students have benefited over the years from
his patient and perceptive counseling and from the high standards of research and
writing that he both demonstrated and expected of others.

1990

PHOTOS OF AWARD RECIPIENTS

112

Sue Bell

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THE MIGRANT

DECEMBER

Noreen and Arlo Smith

J .B. Owen

The Migrant, 61 (4): 1 14-1 16, 1990.

DEDICATION OF PLAQUE HONORING
DR. GEORGE R. MAYFIELD, SR.

Submitted by the
Nashville Chapter of TOS

The 20 May 1990 meeting of the Nashville Chapter of TOS was held at Radnor
Lake to dedicate a bronze plaque in memory of Dr. George R. Mayfield, Sr. Seventy
people attended. Dr. George R. Mayfield, Jr., his wife Cleo, and their two sons.
Rad and Mark, were present for the dedication; their daughter Rebecca, could not
attend. The late Dr. Mayfield’s wife was unable to attend; she is 101 and lives in
Columbia.

Chapter President Dick Newton introduced Dr. George R. Mayfield, Jr. who
presented a bronze plaque in memory of his father to Mack Prichard, State
Naturalist of the Tennessee Department of Conservation. The plaque is to be placed
in the Radnor Lake Nature Center along with a photograph of Dr. Mayfield, Sr.
Oscar Patrick designed the plaque. The concept of the plaque was conceived by
Katherine Goodpasture (TOS member since 1940) and Vernon Sharp (TOS mem-
ber since 1921) in 1980. George’s plane accident set aside all activities.

George gave a synopsis of his father’s life. Vernon Sharp and George Woodring
(TOS member since 1927) interjected comments about pertinent activities that
occurred in the 1920’s and 1930’s.

“Dr. Mayfield was bom in 1877 near Lawrenceville, Georgia (just east of
Atlanta). He graduated from Emory University in 1900 with honors. He moved to
Nashville in 1904 to begin graduate study in Gennan at Vanderbilt University
where he received M.A. and Ph.D. degrees. He remained at Vanderbilt, eventually
becoming Professor of Gennan and department head; he retired in 1947. He took
a keen interest in many students, even those who did not take Gennan. Several
prominent Nashvillians have confided to me that if it had not been for the
encouragement and help of Dr. Mayfield, they would have not graduated from
Vanderbilt.

About 19 10 he suffered a ruptured appendix and was confined to his room in old
Wesley Hall, on the Vanderbilt campus, where the Joint Library now stands. The
campus was mostly woods with few buildings at that time. He began listening to
birdsongs out his window. This led to his lifelong interest in birds and birding. In
the following years he met Albert F. Ganier who shared his interest.

This led to the founding of the Tennessee Ornithological Society on October 7,
1915, when five men, including Mayfield, Ganier, Judge H.Y. Hughes, Professor
A.C. Webb, and Dixon Merritt met at Faucon’s Restaurant for that purpose. Webb
was elected first President but Mayfield and Ganier played leading roles in the
development of the society. Dr. George M. Curtis joined TOS shortly after its
founding.

In 1916 the first female member was elected, Lillie Lenore Hassock of Nashville.
She was to become the Secretary of TOS in 1918 and the wife of Dr. Mayfield in
1920. Their favorite rendezvous consisted of riding the Gendale (#8) street car out
10th Avenue to the end of Radnor Hills and hiking over to Radnor Lake to see the
wildflowers and listen to birdsongs.

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THE MIGRANT

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The 1935 (20th Anniversary Issue) of The Migrant describes Dr. Mayfield as
“...our most consistent field worker who has done more work in recording the
movement of migratory birds than any other member.” He served as secretary of
TOS in 1916-1917 and twice as President, in 1920-1921 and 1934-1935.

In 1923 a chapter of TOS was formed in Knoxville under the leadership of Harry
P. Ijams, a writer for the Knoxville News-Sentinel. In 1929 a Memphis chapter was
organized under the leadership of Ben B. Coffey, who was a biology student of
Lillie Mayfield at old Hume Fogg High School on 8th and Broad. In 1931 the TOS
initiated its official publication The Migrant whose first editor was George Woodr-
ing of Nashville. Ganier and Coffey are among those who have edited this highly
regarded journal. In the 1930’s a “Blue Grass” chapter of TOS was organized under
the leadership of Mayfield, Ganier, and Daniel R. Gray, Sr., of Columbia. Members
included birders from Columbia, Pulaski, and Lewisburg. Other chapters were
organized prior to 1935 in Clarksville, Murfreesboro, Dickson, and upper East
Tennessee under the leadership of Alfred Clebsch, H.O. Todd, and Bruce Tyler,
respectively.

Early active Nashville members included Vernon Sharp, Harry Vaughn, Jesse
Shaver, Harry Monk and Amelia Laskey (who became a Fellow of the American
Ornithologist’ Union). Annual field days, usually on the first Sunday in May, were
established. These began in Nashville, but were later held by other chapters. Annual
meetings began as small gatherings of the faithful on sandbars after lunch at such
places as Sycamore Creek, Craggie Hope, Birds I View. In 1938 a constitution was
adopted and a Board of Directors from all over the state was formed.

In 1939 a fonner student of Dr. Mayfield’s was running for Governor. He stated
that if elected, he would nominate his former teacher to the Conservation Commis-
sion. Governor Cooper kept his word and Dr. Mayfield served on the Commission
until 1955 and was elected its first chairman.” (end of George R. Mayfield, Jr.’s
comments.)

This was a chapter effort and many members were involved to make this a
successful 75th Anniversary Nashville Chapter meeting.

Photograph of a memorial to a founder.

1. Group photo — Nashville TOS

2. Group photo

3. Group leaving dedication at Radnor Lake Nature Center

4. Group photo at presentation

5. Nashville Chapter President 1989 -91, Dick Newton

6. Louise Jackson, Oma Vaughn, Frances Abernathy, Lillian Sharp

7. George Woodring, Rad Mayfield, Vernon Sharp

8. David Vogt, Jane Maynard, Mark Mayfield, Ann Houk

9. George R. Mayfield, Jr., Mac Pritchard

116

The Migrant, 61(4): 117-1 18, 1990.

A CRISIS IN TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGY?

Charles P. Nicholson
Tennessee Valley Authority
Norris, TN 37828

No, this is not about the barrage of threats, such as forest fragmentation, tropical
deforestation, cowbirds, global wanning, and human population growth, facing our
birdlife. It does, however, deal with our ability to detect and react to the impacts
of these threats on our birdlife. This is about the dramatic decline in field ornithol-
ogy which has occurred in Tennessee in the last few years. Here are some examples
of this decline:

— Participation in Christmas Bird Counts increased between 1979 and 1984, and
then declined by 1989 (1990 data not available as I write this). Consider the
number of participants and party hours for four of the largest Christmas Bird
Counts in Tennessee between 1979 and 1989.

Knoxville — 1979: 16 observers, 70 party hours
1984: 27 observers, 122 party hours
1989: 21 observers, 72 party hours

Great Smoky Mountains — 1979: 33 observers, 113 party hours

1984: 27 observers, 87 party hours
1989: 19 observers, 72 party hours

Nashville — 1979: 46 observers, 97 party hours
1984: 49 observers, 123 party hours
1989: 18 observers, 62 party hours

Memphis — 1979: 32 observers, 125 party hours
1984: 45 observers, 128 party hours
1989: 35 observers, 96 party hours.

— Participation in the Spring Field Days shows a decline similar to that of the
Christmas counts. Both the spring and Christmas counts are “easy” forms of
field ornithology, not requiring intimate knowledge of bird songs, rising hours
before dawn, or intricately detailed note-taking.

— The number of contributors to the “Season Reports” published in The Migrant
has declined in recent years.

— Until the mid- 1980’s, Tennessee had one of the best records of any state in
completing all of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Breeding Bird Survey
Routes each year. In most (or all?) years since then, one or more routes were
not completed. The turnover in observers has also increased in the last few
years, which affects the interpretation of the results. I admit (having run over
50 routes in the last 18 years) that BBS routes are not easy, but if we got them
all done in the past, why can’t we now?

— Participation in the hawk watches each fall has declined to the point that not
enough data are being submitted to The Migrant to justify retention of the
annual report.

— Only about 40 percent of all TOS members contributed bird records to the
Tennessee Breeding Bird Atlas Project, despite the efforts of those of us

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A CRISIS IN TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGY?

118

managing the project to make it easy for everyone to participate. Two-thirds
of all the Atlas field-work was done by fewer than 10 percent of all TOS
members.

I wish I could explain why this decline is occurring and could prescribe a remedy.
While Atlas fieldwork was underway, several skilled birders told me they either
did not have the time to participate in atlasing, or did not want to bother with the
necessary record-keeping. Yet, many of these same birders (I can not call them
amateur ornithologists) drive across the state at the drop of a hat to see “THE”
List-building Newbird, while keeping meticulously detailed lists by American
Birding Association region, state, and year. The decline in participation is occurring
at a time when environmental awareness is supposed to be at an all-time high. Our
children are taking environmental education courses, and there is more quality
natural history programming on television than ever before. Y et, as I begin my third
decade as a TOS member, I am still one of the youngest members of my chapter.

I welcome your responses to my comments and your proposed solutions to the
problems described above.

Immature Bald Eagle in hacking tower at Scottsboro.

The Migrant, 61 (4): 119- 121, 1990.

TOS DURING 1965-1990: A PERSPECTIVE

T. David Pitts

Members and chapters of TOS have been involved in many activities since 1965.
Which of these will be of most value to future generations? What could, or should,
we have done instead of, or in addition to, those accomplishments? Only the
passage of time will allow accurate recognition of our lasting contributions as well
as our shortcomings. Each of us has a unique viewpoint. My perspective is biased
by many factors such as my occupation as a professional biologist, my 25+ years
as a TOS member, my position as a Member-at-Large rather than a chapter member,
and my preference for being called a bird-watcher rather than a birder. I ask readers
to keep these factors in mind as I review some of the events of the past 25 years
and comment on the role and future of TOS.

Two of the most important data collecting activities in Tennessee since 1965 are
the North American Breeding Bird Surveys (= BBS) and the Tennessee Breeding
Bird Atlas project. Many of the 42 BBS routes in Tennessee were first run in 1966;
since then most of these routes have been run each year. This project is sponsored
and coordinated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, not TOS, but most of the
participants in Tennessee are members of TOS. Few of the data from Tennessee
have been published, but with time the data base will become increasingly valuable.
For many species, the BBS data are the only records available that describe the
relative sizes of populations since 1966. The Atlas project, which began in 1986,
is a short-term (compared to the BBS) effort to describe the range, population size,
and other characteristics of each of the bird species that nests in Tennessee. The
results of 6 years of intensive data collecting in this project supplement the BBS
and will provide a basis of comparison for decades to come. The data are now being
prepared for publication in book form.

Several members of TOS have participated in restoration projects during the past
25 years. Breeding populations of Bald Eagles, Osprey, and, more recently,
Peregrine Falcons have been either re-established or significantly increased by the
release of young birds in Tennessee and adjacent states. As a consequence, the
future of these species as breeding birds in Tennessee seems more secure now than
in 1965. However, the number of breeding pairs of these species is still low.

Most of the restoration efforts have focused on species which are large and
conspicuous. During the next 25 years, much attention will probably be devoted to
species whose members are smaller and not as easily recognized by the general
public. The Neotropical migrants are beginning to receive some of the attention
they deserve. The populations of many Neotropical migrants have declined in
recent years; identification of the causes and implementation of solutions will be
difficult and expensive, but worthwhile.

One of the first issues of The Migrant I received as a new member was the 50th
anniversary issue. I learned much about TOS from that issue. However, since that
time I have discovered that many additional items could have been presented. Some
of these might have been construed as casting shadows on the shining image of
TOS. In reality, I think it is important to recognize that not all TOS members agree
on certain issues and that TOS, like any other organization composed of persons
with diverse interests and backgrounds, will have internal controversies. In earlier

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TOS DURING 1965 - 1990: A PERSPECTIVE

120

years the egg collectors and those who did not collect eggs were frequently at odds,
although this was rarely mentioned in The Migrant. In some cases, information on
the nesting sites of rare species was not published because of the likelihood that
collectors would take the eggs. Today, the issues may differ but diversity still
abounds. For example, in the last 25 years birding has become big business.
Binoculars, spotting scopes, identification guides, site guides, special tours, and
magazines are promoted for the purpose of observing, identifying, and listing
various species of birds. “The List” is the primary objective of many birders.
Enjoyment of birds by building lists is certainly a legitimate activity, but does
listing contribute to ornithology? In some cases, yes; numerous records of range
changes and other occurrences have been documented as a result of listers. In many
cases, listing contributes little, if any, to ornithology. During my tenn as editor, I
have heard numerous reports of rarities in Tennessee that have never been publish-
ed. In some cases the parties involved have made no attempt to publish such
records. In some cases the attitude seems to have been, “If it is on my list, that is
all that counts.” In other cases, the persons involved have made preliminary efforts
to publish their records but gave up when they realized that publication in a
scientific journal requires documentation of identification, a process that some do
not wish to complete. In other cases, reports were not submitted because of personal
conflicts between individuals. These omissions are unfortunate; future generations
will be deprived of some potentially valuable records.

Listing is challenging and can, I am told, be fun and exciting; it can also produce
records of value. While I recognize the recreational value of listing and the
contributions it may make, the value of intensive study of our common species
should not be overlooked. In some cases we know more about the biology of certain
rare species in Tennessee than we do about some of the common species. Thank-
fully, ornithology in Tennessee is not restricted to listing. Some (most, in my
experience) listers prefer to be called “birders” not “bird watchers.” I am a bird
watcher not a lister; in fact, I object to being referred to as a birder. Regardless of
what we as individuals prefer to be called, TOS should be broad enough to
encompass a diversity of individuals and interests so long as studying birds is our
purpose. Each group can make contributions, but each should recognize the
motivations and contributions of the other groups.

During the past 25 years there has been a proliferation of organizations and
societies promoting one or a few species. In addition to older organizations such
as Ducks Unlimited, newer groups such as Quail Unlimited, the American Turkey
Federation, the North American Bluebird Society, and the Purple Martin Associa-
tion have many Tennessee members. Other groups such as the National Audubon
Society and the Tennessee Conservation League make important contributions.
The TOS can not, and should not, compete with these groups. Many TOS members
also actively support many of these other groups. The TOS has defined its role as
the recording and promoting of bird studies in Tennessee. I believe this continues
to be a legitimate function. The TOS cannot be “everything to everybody.” This
may be part of the reason for the relatively small membership of TOS and the high
turnover rate of members. I suspect that many new members join TOS with the
expectation of receiving colorful issues of The Migrant that describe identification
techniques for beginners, methods of attracting birds to yards and feeders, and other
similar types of information. This type of service is important, but I perceive this

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THE MIGRANT

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to be a function of the chapters. Some chapters do have effective programs dealing
with different levels of identification, and “how-to” sessions on feeders, nest boxes,
and landscaping. I think it is important to recognize and serve the needs of new
members and less experienced members. Only through the attraction of new
members who become long-term members will TOS be able to continue to
function. TOS has made many contributions to ornithology in the last 25 years. I
urge each member to be an active participant in TOS activities so that the next 25
years will be equally productive.

Jackson Chapter, TOS, August, 1990.

Chattanooga Chapter Field Trip.

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TOS DURING 1965 - 1990: A PERSPECTIVE

123

Jeff Wilson

Charles Nicholson

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THE MIGRANT

DECEMBER

Barbara Finney and Ron Hoff

Bob Hatcher

Head Table at 75th Anniversary Meeting

Bob Ford and David Vogt

The Migrant^ 61(4): 125-128, 1990.

SPECIES INDEX TO VOLUME 61, 1990

T. David Pitts

Accipiter species 4
Avocet, American 12, 13
Bittern, American 17, 70, 72
Least 13, 75

Blackbird, Brewer’s 6, 14, 58, 77
Red-winged 6, 53, 107
Rusty 6, 14, 53, 58, 63, 79
Species 6

Bluebird, Eastern 5, 52, 62, 63
Bobolink 20, 53, 72, 74, 77, 79
Bobwhite, Northern 4, 50
Bufflehead 3, 21, 50, 61, 63, 78
Bunting, Indigo 19, 53
Painted 53, 72
Snow 63, 79

Canvasback 3, 15, 18, 61, 76
Cardinal, Northern 5,53
Catbird, Gray 7, 19, 21, 52
Chat, Yellow-breasted 53, 74
Chickadee, Carolina 5, 51
Chuck- will’s- widow 51, 78
Coot, American 4, 17, 50, 61, 76
Cormorant, Double-crested 3, 13, 15,
17, 20, 50, 60, 63, 70, 72, 75
Cowbird, Brown-headed 6, 53
Crane, Sandhill 4, 15, 18, 48, 50, 59,
61,73,76, 110

Creeper, Brown 5, 52, 62, 63, 73, 79
Crossbill, Red 6, 22, 63

White-winged 1,6, 10, 59, 64
Crow, American 5, 51, 58
Fish 51, 58, 71

Cuckoo, Black-billed 16, 51, 71, 73,
76,78

Yellow-billed 51

Dickcissel 1, 5, 7, 14, 53, 59, 60, 62,
74, 79

Dove, Mourning 4,51
Rock 4,51

Dowitcher, Long-billed 14, 71
Short-billed 14, 15, 18,51,73
Species 14, 18,51,71
Duck, American Black 3, 18, 20, 50,
61,63, 70,78

Ring-necked 3, 18, 21, 50, 59, 61,
63,73,78

Ruddy 3, 21, 61, 70
Tufted 10
Wood 3, 50

Dunlin 4, 13, 15, 18,61,70
Eagle, Bald 3, 13, 15, 21, 50, 59, 61,
63, 70, 73, 76, 89, 90, 91, 94, 1 19
Golden 2, 4, 61, 63, 76
Egret, Cattle 15, 17, 50, 72, 75, 95
Great 17, 50, 57, 60, 70, 72, 75, 78,
95, 96, 97, 102
Snowy 50, 72, 75
Empidonax species 5 1
Falcon, Peregrine 2, 4, 8, 13, 18, 46,
56, 57,59, 63,73,76, 89, 119
Finch, House 2, 6, 15, 53, 56, 58, 72
Purple 1, 6, 16, 20, 22, 53, 56, 58,
59, 62, 63, 77, 79
Flicker, Northern 5,51
Flycatcher, Acadian 51,77
Alder 78

Ash-throated 41, 42, 43
Great Crested 19, 41 , 42, 5 1
Least 16, 51, 71, 77
Olive-sided 14, 73, 77, 78
Scissor-tailed 66, 72, 73
Willow 51, 71, 73
Yellow-bellied 14,73
Gadwall 3, 18,50,61
Gnatcatcher, Blue-gray 19, 52, 71, 77
Goldeneye, Common 3, 15, 61, 63
Golden-Plover, Lesser 13, 18, 70, 73, 76
Goldfinch, American 6, 53
Goose, Canada 3, 50, 57, 61, 70
Greater White-fronted 3, 7, 13, 15,
57,59, 60,61,70, 76
Snow 3, 15, 18, 20, 57, 59, 61, 76
Grackle, Common 6, 53
Grebe, Homed 3, 17, 20, 57, 59, 60,
63, 70, 75, 78

Pied-billed 3, 17,20, 50, 60
Red-necked 1, 3, 8

125

1990

SPECIES INDEX TO VOLUME 61, 1990

126

Grosbeak, Blue 53

Evening 6, 20, 22, 53, 56, 58, 59,
62, 64, 77, 79
Rose-breasted 22, 53, 72
Ground-Dove, Common 14
Grouse, Ruffed 4, 50
Gull, Bonaparte’s 4,21,51, 57, 61,71,

73.76.78
Franklin’s 14, 15

Great Black-backed 1, 4, 7, 56, 59,
60,61

Herring 4, 14, 16, 21, 57, 76
Laughing 15, 16,21,48,49,51
Lesser Black-backed 2 1
Ring-billed 4, 14, 16, 18, 21, 51,

57.61.76.78

Harrier, Northern 3, 1 3, 2 1 , 50, 6 1 , 75,

76.78

Hawk, Broad-winged 13, 50, 70, 76
Cooper’s 3, 13, 50, 57, 61, 70, 75, 78
Red-shouldered 4, 21, 50, 57, 78
Red-tailed 4, 50, 75
Rough-legged 2, 4, 8, 13, 18, 57,
59, 60,61

Sharp-shinned 3, 13, 50, 57, 61, 67,
70, 75, 78

Heron, Great Blue 3, 50, 57, 75, 95,
96, 97, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104
Green-backed 20, 50, 60, 75, 95
Little Blue 17, 20, 50, 72, 95, 96,
97, 101

Hummingbird, Ruby -throated 16, 51, 78
Rufous 1, 4, 8, 19, 21, 56, 60, 61,
62,63

Ibis, Glossy 66, 76
White 66

White-faced 65,66, 69, 70
Jaeger, Parasitic 2 1
Pomarine 2 1
Species 12, 21
Jay, Blue 5, 51
Junco, Dark-eyed 6, 53
Kestrel, American 4, 50, 75
Killdeer 4, 50,61
Kingbird, Eastern 51, 66
Western 72, 73
Kingfisher, Belted 4,51

Kinglet, Golden-crowned 5, 16, 19,
52, 62, 63

Ruby-crowned 5, 16, 19, 52, 62, 63
Kite, Mississippi 21, 50, 70
Lark, Homed 5, 16, 19, 20, 51, 60, 62
Longspur, Lapland 2, 6, 14, 20, 58, 60, 62
Smith’s 6, 14, 58

Loon, Common 3, 17, 20, 50, 60, 63, 75
Red-throated 15, 20, 57, 75
Mallard 3, 50, 61
Martin, Purple 16, 21, 51
Meadowlark, Eastern 6, 22, 53
Western 6, 14, 58, 72
Merganser, Common 3, 8, 18, 21, 57,
59,61

Hooded 3, 13, 15, 18, 21, 50, 61,

63.76.78

Red-breasted 3, 13, 21, 50, 57, 59,

61.63.73.76.78

Merlin 1,2, 4, 7, 10, 13, 15, 18,21,48,
49, 50, 56, 57, 59, 76, 78
Mockingbird, Northern 5, 52, 85
Moorhen, Common 18, 70
Nighthawk, Common 14, 19, 51, 71
Night-Heron, Black-crowned 3, 17,
20, 50, 72, 75, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100,
101, 102, 103

Yellow-crowned 15, 18,50,76,78,
95,96, 100, 101, 102
Nuthatch, Brown-headed 5, 52, 60, 62, 77
Red-breasted 5, 16, 19, 21, 52, 56,
58,59, 60, 62,63,73,77,79
White-breasted 5, 52, 58
Oldsquaw 1, 2, 3, 7, 13, 57, 59, 60, 61,
63,76

Oriole, Northern 53, 67, 77
Orchard 53, 67

Osprey 13, 15, 21, 50, 61, 70, 76, 92,
93,94, 107, 119
Ovenbird 19, 53

Owl, Bam 4, 14, 19,46,51,57,61,71,
73,76, 88
Barred 4,51

Great Homed 4, 51, 57, 63, 71
Long-eared 60, 6 1
Northern Saw- whet 78
Short-eared 2, 4, 14, 57,58, 59
Parula, Northern 52, 74

127

THE MIGRANT

DECEMBER

Pelican, American White 12, 13, 75
Petrel 12

Pewee (see Wood-Pewee)

Phalarope, Red-necked 14
Wilson’s 14, 18,71
Phoebe, Eastern 5, 41, 5 1, 60, 62, 63, 84
Pintail, Northern 3, 13, 61
Pipit, Water 5, 14, 16, 19, 52, 58, 59,
60, 62,71,73,77,79
Plover, Black-bellied 13, 15, 18,70
Piping 13, 18
Semipalmated 13, 50, 70
Rail, Black 1, 4, 9
King 13,55
Virginia 13, 18, 70, 76
Raven, Common 5, 21, 51, 62, 63, 78
Redhead 3, 18,57,61,70
Redstart, American 53
Robin, American 5, 52
Ruff 12, 14, 44
Sanderling 13, 18, 76
Sandpiper, Baird’s 13, 18
Buff- breasted 14, 15
Least 4, 13, 18,50, 57,61,71
Pectoral 13, 18, 44, 50, 70
Semipalmated 18, 50
Solitary 13,50, 70, 85
Spotted 2, 4, 50, 85
Stilt 13, 15, 18,44,51,71,73
Upland 13, 15,44,71
Western 13, 18,50,73
White-rumped 18, 70, 76
Sapsucker, Yellow-bellied 4, 16, 21,
51,73,78

Scaup, Greater 2, 3, 21, 57, 59, 61, 76
Lesser 3, 21, 61, 63, 73, 76, 78
Species 10
Scoter, Black 59

Surf 13, 15,63,76,78
White-winged 1, 3, 8, 13, 21, 59,
61,76

Screech-Owl, Eastern 4, 5 1, 57
Shoveler, Northern 3, 50, 61, 76
Shrike, Loggerhead 5, 52, 7 1, 77
Siskin, Pine 1,6, 15, 16, 20, 22, 53, 56,
58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 69, 72, 74,
77,79

Snipe, Common 4, 18, 51, 61, 63, 71

Sora 4, 13,21,50, 55,69, 70, 76
Sparrow, American Tree 5, 48, 53, 56,
58, 60, 62, 72
Chipping 5, 22, 53, 58, 74
Field 5, 53
Fox 6, 20, 53, 62, 63
Grasshopper 14, 20, 53, 72, 74
Harris’ 6, 9, 60, 62
House 6, 53
Lark 14, 53, 74
Le Conte’s 6, 8, 14, 58, 60, 62
Lincoln’s 1, 2, 6, 14, 20, 58, 72, 74
Savannah 6, 19, 53, 63, 79
Sharp-tailed 14, 20, 48, 49, 53, 77
Song 6, 53, 63
Swamp 6, 20, 53

Vesper 5, 16, 19,22,53,58,59,72,
74, 77,79

White-crowned 6, 14, 20, 53, 58,
72,79

White -throated 6, 53, 77
Starling, European 5, 52, 85
Stilt, Black-necked 13, 70
Stork, Wood 10, 1 1
Storm-Petrel, species 20
Swallow, Bank 14, 1 9, 5 1 , 7 1
Bam 51, 78
Cliff 14,51,71,77,78
Northern Rough-winged 51,78
Species 14

Tree 1 6, 19, 5 1 , 58, 59, 62, 7 1 , 77, 78
Swan, Mute 1, 3, 7, 1 1, 60
Species 63

Tundra 1,3,9, 18,57,60,73
Swift, Chimney 19, 21,51, 86, 109
Tanager, Scarlet 22, 53
Summer 53

Teal, Blue-winged 3, 18, 20, 50, 76
Cinnamon 72, 73

Green-winged 3, 18, 20, 61, 63, 78
Tem, Black 14, 16, 18, 21, 71
Caspian 14, 18, 51, 71, 76
Common 14, 16, 18, 21,71
Forster’s 14, 16, 18,21,51,71,73,76
Royal 2 1

Thrasher, Brown 5, 52, 63
Thrush, Gray-cheeked 14, 52
Hermit 5, 20, 52, 62, 63

1990

SPECIES INDEX TO VOLUME 61, 1990

128

Swainson’s 14, 16, 19, 52, 79
Wood 52, 67
Titmouse, Tufted 5,51
Towhee, Rufous-sided 5, 53
Turkey, Wild 4, 15, 50, 57, 73, 78
Turnstone, Ruddy 13, 76
Veery 14, 16, 19, 52
Vireo, Philadelphia 16,21,49,52,67,
73,77,79
Red-eyed 19, 52
Solitary 16,21,52,73,79
Warbling 19,52,71,77
White-eyed 19, 52
Yellow-throated 52, 77, 79
Vulture, Black 3, 50, 57, 70, 73
Turkey 3, 18,50, 57,70
Warbler, Bay-breasted 19, 52, 74
Black-and-white 52
Blackburnian 52, 74
Blackpoll 16, 19,21,52,71
Black-throated Blue 52, 74
Black-throated Green 52, 74
Blue-winged 16, 21, 52, 71, 73, 79
“Brewster’s” 7 1
Canada 53, 74
Cape May 16, 19, 52, 71, 74
Cerulean 19, 52, 74
Chestnut-sided 16, 52, 74
Connecticut 16, 19, 74, 77
Golden-winged 16, 52, 7 1, 73, 79
Hooded 16,53,74
Kentucky 53, 74
Magnolia 16, 19, 21, 52, 74, 79
Mourning 19, 21, 72, 74
Nashville 16, 19, 52, 74
Orange-crowned 19, 52, 73, 77
Palm 1,5, 10, 19, 52,60, 62
Pine 5, 52, 58, 62
Prairie 52

Prothonotary 21, 53, 74
Swainson’s 53, 69, 7 1, 72, 74, 79
Tennessee 16, 52, 71, 73, 79
Wilson’s 16, 19,72,74
Worm-eating 14, 21, 53
Yellow 19, 52, 74
Yellow-rumped 5, 16, 19, 52, 63,
71,74,77

Yellow-throated 52, 74, 79

Waterthrush, Louisiana 19, 53, 74
Northern 19,53,72
Waxwing, Cedar 5, 16, 52, 63, 69, 7 1
Whimbrel 79
Whip-poor-will 57

Wigeon, American 3, 18, 20, 50, 61,
76,78

Willet 50, 70, 73

Woodcock, American 4, 18, 51, 61,
63, 76, 78

Woodpecker, Downy 4, 51
Hairy 4, 51
Ivory-billed 111
Red-bellied 4, 5 1
Red-cockaded 46
Red-headed 4, 51, 71, 77, 78
Pileated 5, 5 1
Wood-Pewee, Eastern 5 1
Wren, Bewick’s 5, 52, 59, 67, 71, 73
Carolina 5, 52, 7 1
House 1,5, 7, 8, 10, 19,21,52,58,
60, 62, 63,71

Marsh 1, 5, 8, 9, 19, 21, 52, 77, 79
Sedge 19, 21

Winter 5, 16, 19,21,58,62,63,73
Yellowlegs, Greater 18, 44, 50, 70
Lesser 1 , 2, 4, 1 3, 1 8, 44, 50, 57, 70
Yellowthroat, Common 1,2,5, 19,53,
58,74

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

The Migrant records observations and studies of birds in Tennessee and adjacent
areas. Most articles are written by members of the Tennessee Ornithological
Society.

SUBMISSIONS: The original and, if feasible, two copies of the manuscript
should be sent to the Editor: T. David Pitts, Biology Department, University of
Tennessee at Martin, Martin, TN 38238. Manuscripts that have been published in
other journals should not be submitted.

MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee
ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, and scientifically accurate.

STYLE: Both articles and short notes are solicited; recent issues of The Migrant
should be used as a guide in the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is
needed, reference should be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals; this
book is available at many public libraries and from the American Institute of
Biological Sciences, 1401 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209.

COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8.5 x 11” paper with
adequate margins for editorial notations. Tables should be prepared on separate
sheets with appropriate title and column headings. Photographs intended for
reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on glossy white paper; black and
white photographs will usually reproduce better than color photographs. Weights,
measurements, and distances should be in metric units. Dates should be in “con-
tinental” form (e.g., 16 March 1968). Use the 24-hour clock (e.g., 0500 or 1900).

NOMENCLATURE: The common and scientific names of a species should be
given the first time it is mentioned. The scientific name should be underlined.
Names should follow the A.O.U. Check-list of North American Birds (1983 edition
or subsequent supplements).

TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive.

ABSTRACT: Manuscripts of five or more typed pages should include an
abstract. The abstract should be less than 5% of the length of the manuscript. It
should include a brief explanation of why the research was done, the major results,
and why the results are important.

LITERATURE CITED: List all literature citations in a Literature Cited section
at the end of the text. Text citations should include the author and year.

IDENTIFICATION: Manuscripts including reports of rare or unusual species or
of species at atypical times will be reviewed by the TOS Certification Committee
before publication in The Migrant. Verifying evidence should include: date, time,
light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment, distance,
behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic markings,
experience of observer, other observers verifying the identification, and reference
works consulted.

REPRINTS: Reprints are available to authors on request. Billing to authors will
be through the TOS Treasurer.

SEASON REPORTS: Observations that are to be considered for publication in
The Season section should be mailed to the appropriate Regional Compiler. Consult
a recent issue of The Migrant for the name and address of the compilers.

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

T. David Pitts 82

THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY AT 75, LOOKING
BACK AND LOOKING FORWARD

James T. Tanner 84

NESTING BALD EAGLES IN TENNESSEE: 1965-1990

Robert M. Hatcher . 89

RECOVERY OF THE EAST TENNESSEE OSPREY POPULATION

Thomas E. Beddow 92

SIZE AND TRENDS OF WADING BIRD POPULATIONS IN
TENNESSEE DURING 1977-1988

Burline P. Pullin 95

TRIBUTES TO THE FOUNDERS OF THE TENNESSEE
ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Kenneth H. Dubke 105

HISTORY OF THE ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM AND TENNESSEE
ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY FALL MEETING
Kenneth H. Dubke 107

THE 1990 TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARDS

Ron Hoff 109

DEDICATION OF PLAQUE HONORING
DR. GEORGE R. MAYFIELD, SR.

Nashville Chapter 114

A CRISIS IN TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGY?

Charles P. Nicholson 117

THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
DURING 1965 - 1990: A PERSPECTIVE

T. David Pitts 119

SPECIES INDEX TO VOLUME 61, 1990

T. David Pitts 125

(Vol. 61, 1990)

77

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