HARVARD UNIVERSITY Library of the Museum of Comparative Zoology The ]V ^rant v A Quarterly Journal Devoted To Tennessee Birds Published by The Tennessee Ornithological Society March 1992 VoL. 63, No. 1 THE MIGRANT A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY FIRST ISSUE PUBLISHED IN JUNE 1930 Published by THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Founded at Nashville, Tennessee on 7 October 1915 The T.O.S. is a non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization. EDITORIAL STATE Editor — J. Wallace Coffey, 100 Bellebrook Dr., Bristol, TN 37620 Assistant Editor — Richard L. Knight, 804 N. Hills Dr., Johnson City, TN 37604 State Count Compiler — Susan N. McWhirter, 4962 Gwynne, Memphis, TN 38117 Season Editor — Robert P. Eord, 4141 Scenic View Dr., Pegram, TN 37143 Editorial Assistant — Beth E. Hogan, 1092 Charter Row, Johnson City, TN 37604 Editorial Advisors — Ered J. Alsop III Charles P. Nicholson Robert J. Cooper Charles R. Smith Kenneth H. Dubke Gary O. Wallace OFEICERS FOR 1991-1993 President — Robert P. Eord, 4141 Scenic View Dr., Pegram, TN 37143 Vice Presidents; East Tenn. — J. Wallace Coffey, 100 Bellebrook Dr., Bristol, TN 37620 Middle Tenn. — Ann Tarbell, 6033 Sherwood Dr., Nashville, TN 37215 West Tenn. — Martha Ramey, 3355 Greenway, Horn Lake, MS 38637 Directors-at-Large: East Tenn. — Dee Eiklor, Rt. 11, Box 178, Gray, TN 37615 Middle Tenn. — David Hassler, Rt. 1, Box 164- A, Byrdstown, TN 38549 West Tenn. — John Conder, P.O. Box 443, Camden, TN 38320 Curator — James T. Tanner, 417 Switzerland Dr., Knoxville, TN 37920 Secretary — Robert M. Hatcher, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency P.O. Box 40747, Nashville, TN 37204 Treasurer — George R. Payne, Jr., 5851 Ardwick Dr. #4, Memphis, TN 38119 All TOS members receive The Migrant and the TOS newsletter. The Tennessee Warbler. The newsletter carries information about meetings, forays, and club activities. Annual dues are $10.00 for an Active membership. Other categories of membership are: Student - $5.00; Family - $12.00; Library - $15.00; Sustaining - $20.00; Life - $200.00. Chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses. Dues, contributions, and bequests are deductible from Federal income and estate taxes. Back issues of The Migrant may be purchased from the Curator. Please correspond with the Treasurer for subscriptions, memberships, and changes of address. Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by Mallicote Printing Inc., 509 Shelby Street, Bristol, TN 37620. Copyright © 1993 by the Tennessee Ornithological Society THE MIGRANT Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society, to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee. Issued in March, June, September, and December 4 VOL. 63 March 1992 The Migrant, 63 (1): 1-3, 1992. NO. 1 GREAT WHITE HERON AT SOUTH HOLSTON LAKE, TENNESSEE AND VIRGINIA Richard L. Knight 804 North Hills Drive, Johnson City, TN 37604 Howard P. Langridge 1421 West Ocean Avenue, Lantana, FL 33462 Brian L. Cross 1110 Edgewood Street, Johnson City, TN 37604 Formerly a separate species, the Great White Heron (Ardea herodias occidentalis) was lumped with the Great Blue Heron (A. herodias) in 1973 (A.O.U. 1973); however, sightings of this distinctive color morph are still noteworthy, especially those from outside its normal range. On 15-16 October 1990 the authors observed a Great White Heron in the Spring Creek section of South Holston Lake on both sides of the border separating Sullivan County, Tennessee, and Washington County, Virginia. This site is about 400 km inland. Seen perched across the lake late in the afternoon of the 15th, the heron was first identified by Langridge using a Questar spotting scope with 40x and 80x eyepieces. Knight and Cross were not comfortable with the identification until the next day when closer and more extensive views were obtained. At noon on the 16th we found the bird in the same area, but on our side of the lake. We were able to study it for about 45 minutes at a range of 100-300 m as it foraged in shallow water at the mouth of the cove. Viewing conditions were good, as the sky was clear and the sun was to one side or behind us. Optics used were the Questar mentioned above, which provided the best views, plus additional spotting scopes (20x and 15-45x) and binoculars. This heron was seen by others through 19 October. The large size of this bird was readily apparent. Seen walking along the shore within 5-6 m of a Great Blue Heron, the Great White Heron was as tall and heavily bodied, if not slightly more robust. Its plumage was all clean white. The bill was noticeably heavier than the bill of the nearby Great Blue Heron and was pale yellow with a dusky ridge on the upper mandible. The legs were greenish-yellow, as seen while the bird was walking along the shore; but, when we got too close and the heron flushed, we could see that the backs of the legs were bright yellow. A distant photo of the bird in flight taken by Cross shows this feature. By contrast, the Great 1 2 GREAT WHITE HERON MARCH Egret {Casmerodiiis albiis) is obviously smaller and black-legged. At times, the heron's crown showed two short, narrow plumes. Langridge, who lives in south Elorida during the winter and northeast Tennes- see during the summer, has had considerable experience with this heron. Knight had seen this form in southern Elorida previously, but Cross had not. All of the standard field guides were consulted prior to our return visit on the 16th, but Pough (1951) provided the most complete description and discussion of distin- guishing characteristics. This sighting was accepted as the first state record of this morph for Tennessee and the second for Virginia (oddly both in the Ridge and Valley region) by the respective state bird records committees. There was concern by at least one committee member that this bird was possibly an albino Great Blue Heron. I have been unable to find any records of a total albino of that species. Such a bird would be difficult to distinguish; however, the bill size and leg color of the South Holston Lake bird are consistent with Great White Heron. Amazingly, a Great White Heron, almost certainly the same one, was seen in the same location 29 August - 12 September 1991. Seen at very close range, it was carefully compared to a nearby Great Blue Heron by Wallace Coffey and others who noted the same features mentioned above. The Great White Heron breeds from southern Elorida, west to the coast of Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, and south through the Caribbean to islands off the northern coast of Venezuela; they usually winter in or near the same region ( A.O.U. 1983). They sometimes wander north in Elorida and occasionally along the coasts west to Texas and north to North Carolina, with an accidental record in Pennsyl- vania {op. cit.). There are at least six coastal or lower coastal plain records in Georgia (Haney et al. 1986), four in South Carolina (Post and Gauthreaux 1989), and some in North Carolina (H. E. LeGrand, Jr. pers. comm.). In addition, there are at least 13 inland records (Table 1) in the Southeast, outside Elorida, prior to the one reported here. Of these, seven occurred during 1987-1990 in what one regional compiler called a "bizarre string of inland reports" with few if any coastal reports during the same period (LeGrand 1 990a:l 124). The South Holston Lake occurrences appear to be a continuation of this phenomenon. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Harry E. LeGrand, Jr. for comments that improved the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED American Ornithologists' Union. 1973. Thirty-second supplement to the A.O.U. check-list of North American birds. 711/1:90:411-419. American Ornithologists' Union. 1983. Check-list of North American birds, 6th ed. Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas. Haney, J.C., P. Brisse, D.R. Jacobson, M.W. Oberle, and J.M. Paget. 1986. Annotated checklist of Georgia birds. Occas. Publ. No. 10, Georgia Ornithological Society. Kain, T. (ed.). 1987. Virginia's birdlife, an annotated checklist, 2nd ed. Virginia Avifauna No. 3, Virginia Society of Ornithology. LeGrand, H.E., Jr. 1988. Briefs for the files. Chat 52:63-70. LeGrand, H.E., Jr. 1990a. Southern Atlantic coast region. Am. Birds 44: 1124-1127. LeGrand, H.E., Jr. 1990b. Briefs for the files. Chat 54:88-97. 1992 THE MIGRANT 3 LeGrand, H.E., JR- 1991. Briefs for the files. Chat 55:93-101. LeGrand, H.E., Jr. and J.M. Lynch. 1989. Briefs for the files. Chat 53:94-104. Moore, T. 1988. Great White Heron in Cherokee County. Oriole 53:25. Pearson, T.G., C.S. Brimley, and H.H. Brimley. 1942. Birds of North Carolina. N.C. Dept, of Agriculture. Post, W. and S.A. Gauthreaux. 1989. Status and distribution of South Carolina birds. Charleston Museum. Pouch, R.H. 1951. Audubon water bird guide. Doubleday and Co., Garden City, NY. Stevenson, H.M. 1950. Distribution of certain birds in the southeastern United States. Ain. Mid. Nat. 43:605-626. Table 1. Inland records of Great White Heron in the southeastern U.S. State Location Date Reference GA Laurens Co. (upper coastal plain) 3-31 Jan 1978 Haney et al. 1986 GA Morgan Co. (piedmont) 21 Jun 1981 Haney et al. 1986 GA Augusta (fall line) 5 June - 7 Aug 1982 Haney et al. 1986 GA Cherokee Co. (piedmont) 4 Jul 1988 Moore 1988 GA Conyers (piedmont) 13-27 May 1990 LeGrand 1990a SC upper Lake Murray (piedmont) 11 Nov 1988 LeGrand & Lynch NC Durham (piedmont) 2 Jul 1926 Pearson et al. 1942 NC Greensboro (piedmont) 6 Sep 1943 Sfevenson 1950 NC Greensboro (piedmont) 8-30 Jul 1987 LeGrand 1988 NC Jordan Lake (piedmont) 13-31 Aug 1988 LeGrand & Lynch NC Raleigh (fall line) 21 Apr 1989 LeGrand 1990b NC Goldsboro (upper coastal plain) 8-26 Aug 1990 LeGrand 1991 VA Botetourt Co. (ridge and valley) 1-4 Jun 1976 Kain 1987 Accepted 11 September 1992. MEMPHIS ARTIST DESIGNED NEW COVER Teresa Price Bullock, daughter-in-law of TOS member Carolyn Bullock, de- signed the new cover for The Migrant. The design, which appears on this issue, was first used on the 75th Anniversary issue, December 1990. The TOS Board of Directors voted 31 October 1992 to use the design on future issues of the journal. "I was very pleased with the way the anniversary issue turned out and was more than happy to do the design, especially for Lula (Coffey). She and Ben (Coffey) are so precious to our entire family," she wrote in a letter to the journal's editor on 25 November 1992. Teresa Bullock is a staff artist with the Memphis Light and Gas Company. The previous cover was designed in 1935 by Harry P. I jams of Knoxville and was first used on the March 1935 issue (The Migrant 6:15, 1935). With few exceptions, it was used for 56 years. J. WALLACE COFFEY, Editor The Migrant, 63 (1): 4-5, 1992. NEW WEST TENNESSEE HERONRIES ESTABLISHED Robert P. Ford Tennessee Conservation League 300 Orlando Ave., Nashville, TN 37209-3200 Two new heronries were discovered near the Mississippi River in west Tennes- see during the summer of 1990. Cattle Egrets {Bubulciis ibis), Little Blue Herons {Egretta caenilea). Snowy Egrets (Egretta thiila), and Black-crowned Night-Herons {Nycticorax mjcticorax) were the dominant species in both heronries. One heronry occurred at Plum Point, near Mississippi River mile 785, Lauderdale County, Tennessee, and the second was located at Cypress Bend, on Island 13, near Mississippi River mile 863, Lake County, Tennessee. The Plum Point heronry was discovered on 24 June 1990 by Jeff R. Wilson after he noted increased numbers of herons and egrets in nearby fields and then followed their dusk flight lines. Two days later, 26 June 1990, Wilson and Joe B. Guinn visited the heronry and estimated approximately 1200 nests, with a species composition of approximately 80% Cattle Egrets, 10% Little Blue Herons, 5% Snowy Egrets, and 5% Black-crowned Night-Herons. Recently fledged Black- crowned Night-Herons and newly hatched Cattle Egrets and Little Blue Herons were observed. Other species present in the heronry, apparently using it as a roosting site, included 30 Great Egrets {Casmerodius albus), 2 Great Blue Herons {Ardea herodias), and 2 Green-backed Herons {Biitorides striatus). On 6 July 1990, overall hatching was estimated to be about 60% complete for all species ( W ilson, Guinn, Dollyann Myers, and Robert P. Ford) . The spatial size of the heronry was approximately 75 by 120 meters and the vegetation within the heronry was dominated by willows (family Salicaceae) about sapling (<12.5 cm dbh) or pole (12.5 - 28 cm dbh) size. The canopy height averaged about 5 to 6 m tall and in many places 3 m tall. The same species as above apparently continued to roost in the heronry. A final visit was made to the heronry on 11 August 1990 by Wilson and Guinn. They estimated hatching to be about 80% complete. The Cypress Bend heronry was discovered by Wilson on 7 July 1990 while observing shorebirds on Island 13. The heronry contained approximately 750 nests, approximately 80% were Cattle Egrets, 10% Little Blue Herons, about 7% Snowy Egrets, and 3% Black-crowned Night-Herons. There were 186 Great Egrets and over 200 Great Blue Herons on the island, and a few used the heronry as a roost. Approximately 20% of the nests had young; the remainder of the nests had 2 to 4 eggs. A second visit was made by Wilson on 11 August 1990; most young had fledged, but many nests still had eggs. This heronry was about 100 by 200 m in size, and the vegetation was similar to that described for the Plum Point heronry. These heronries apparently represent the first in Tennessee to be dominated by Cattle Egrets, a species that first appeared in Tennessee in 1961 (Olson 1961). In west Tennessee, heronries consisting of both Little Blue Herons and Snowy Egrets have occurred at least two times, at Ridgely, Lake County (Ganier 1951) and Dyersburg, Dyer County (Ganier, 1960). Little Blue Herons nest rarely elsewhere in the state; this is, however, apparently the first Snowy Egret breeding record in Tennessee since the Dyersburg heronry broke up in 1969 (Legget 1970). Black- crowned Night-Herons are fairly common in middle and east Tennessee (e.g. the 4 1992 THE MIGRANT 5 Bordeaux colony in Davidson Co.) (Pitts 1973), but these observations represent the third and fourth documented nesting records in west Tennessee and the first since 1938 (Gersbacher 1939). LITERATURE CITED Ganier, A.F. 1951. The breeding herons of Tennessee. Migrant 22:1-8. Ganier, A.F. 1960. A new heronry in northwest Tennessee. Migrant 31: 48-49. Gersbacher, E.O. 1939. The heronries at Reelfoot Lake. J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 14:162-180. Legget, K. 1970. Heronry at Dyersburg is no longer active. Migrant 41:58. Olson, F.B. 1961. Cattle Egret — first Tennessee record. Migrant 32:35. Pitts, T.D. 1973. Tennessee heron and egret colonies: 1972. Migrant 48: 25-29. Accepted 6 August 1992. BANDED HOUSE EINCH RECOVERED IN ERANKLIN COUNTY Harry C. Yeatman University of the South, Sewanee, TN 37375 Mrs. Lee Medley of Hillsboro, Tennessee, gave me a banded female House Finch (Carpodacus mexicanus), which had been found dead under a bird-feeder beside Tims Ford Reservoir in Franklin County, Tennessee, on 4 April 1992. It bore band number 2081-08619. It is preserved as a study skin. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bird Banding Laboratory, reported that it had been banded by Robert K. Bell of Clarksville, Pennsylvania, on 13 July 1991 near Jefferson in southwestern Pennsylvania. Mr. Bell wrote that this bird was an immature caught at his bird feeder, and on 13 July he banded 12 immature and one adult male House Finches. These birds nest mainly in evergreen trees on Mr. Bell's farm. Some nest under aluminum awnings on porches. Accepted 26 August 1992. The Migrant, 63 (1): 6, 1992. FIRST GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK RECORD OF WHITE- WINGED SCOTER David C. Chaffin 1606 Everhart Dr. NW, Cleveland, TN 37311-1523 On 16 Nov 1989 at about 1700 hrs (EST), 1 ivas completing the Cades Cove Loop, Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), Tennessee. Remembering pre- vious successes of finding waterfowl, 1 proceeded down the gravel drive to the fenced settling pond near the stables. I found three species of waterfowl there — a single Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), 20 Ring-necked Ducks (Aythya collaris), most of which were males, and one larger, heavier-bodied duck with two light areas on the head. One light area was behind the eye and the other was at the base of the bill. I saw these two marks while the duck was swimming away from me, but with the head turned sideways. Once the duck had turned broadside to me, the obvious white patch on the side posteriorly made easy identification of a White- winged Scoter (Melanitta fiisca). The bird was otherwise all dark (black), including an all dark bill. This later point indicated a first winter female. 1 observed the scoter for about 15 minutes with 8 x 42 binoculars as well as a 15- 60x spotting scope. The light was fading during the time of observation. The scoter did not dive or flap its wings. During the observation, I approached the gate to put my scope between two poles to get a better view. At that time, the Pied-billed Grebe and all Ring-necked Ducks flushed. The scoter simply swam a short distance away. That evening I contacted Pred Alsop, who authored the bird checklist for GSMNP. He confirmed that no previous records of any scoter species existed for the GSMNP. He encouraged me to report the sighting to the park naturalist, Don Defoe. Defoe indicated the next day on the phone that he was glad to get my report as it confirmed an earlier report an Ohio couple had made at the Sugarlands Visitors Center on 11 Nov 1989. They were John and Kathleen Duchak, 2001 Trentwood Circle, Dayton, Ohio 45459. A personal letter from them indicates they saw an immature White-winged Scoter on 11 Nov 1989. Accepted 27 October 1992. 6 The Migrmit, 63 (1): 7-17, 1992. THE 1991 CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT Susan N. McWhirter T wenty-se ven counts were conducted across T ennessee for thel991-1992 season recording a total of 144 species. This is the highest nunaber of counts ever made for the Christmas Count. The late-lingering birds (i.e.. Green-backed Heron, Merlin, Spotted Sandpiper, Forster's Tern, Tree Swallow, Cliff Swallow, Sedge Wren, Gray Catbird, Palm Warbler, Black-throated Blue Warbler, Yellow-breasted Chat, Grass- hopper and Lincoln's Sparrows) were not unexpected considering the generally mild weather through the fall and early winter, though the variety of species is notable. Few northern birds, such as Pine Siskin and Evening Grosbeak, were reported. Vagrant sightings include the Eurasian Wigeon and Tundra Swans, though neither of these species was documented, and the Rufous Hummingbird, which was banded. Other sightings of note include large numbers of Sandhill Cranes at Hiwassee and Eastern Bluebirds at several locations, while the rare sightings of the Barn Owl continue to be of concern. This year's Rufous Humming- bird and last year's Black-chinned Hummingbird could lead us to reconsider the annual late-fall storage of our feeders. Sixteen counts experienced rain, while only four counts had below freezing temperatures. The abbreviation CW stands for "seen during count week." INFORMATION ON THE COUNTS MEMPHIS — 15 Dec; 0500-1700; clear; temp. 27-51 F; wind SW, 5 mph; 32 observers in 7-12 parties; 120 party hours (93 on foot, 27 by car) plus 2 owling; 161 party miles (70 on foot, 91 by car) ; 90 species, 53,780 individuals. Buzz Bean, Dianne Bean, Carolyn Bullock, Fred Carney, Ben B. Coffey, Lula Coffey, Julian Darlington, Helen Dinkelspiel, Harold Elphingstone, Bob Endres, Jim Ferguson, Bob Ford, Bill Fowler, Murray Gardler, Beverly Griffith, Van Harris, Bob Ilardi, Ginger Ilardi, Theresa Irion, David Kesler, Keith Kunkel, Jo Levy, Jeff McCabe, Frank McCamey, Mac McWhirter, Susan McWhirter, Dollyann Myers, George Payne, Jeanne Payne, Rob Peeples, Bill Peeples, Dick Preston, Ernie Restivo, Richard Spore, Richard Taylor, Phil Waldron, Martha Waldron (compiler — 1626 Yorkshire Dr., Memphis 38119), Barbara Wilson. REELFOOT LAKE — 17 Dec; 0630-1730; clear; temp. 45-55 F; wind NW, 5-10 mph; 1 1 observers in 5 parties; 41 party hours (1 8 on foot, 23 by car) ; 232 party miles (14 on foot, 218 by car); 101 species, 214,202 individuals. Good details for Cliff Swallow (DD), a first CBC record. Dianne Bean, Ben B. Coffey, Lula Coffey, Donald Doster, Harold Elphingstone, Bill Fowler, Mark Greene, Frank McCamey, Dick Preston, Bettie Sumara, Eddie K. Wilbanks (compiler — 407 Wynn St., Tiptonville 38079). JACKSON — 28 Dec; 0700-1700; cloudy with some light rain; temp. 41 -49 F; wind W, 5-10 mph; 12 observers in 6 parties; 43 party hours (16 on foot, 27 by car); 411.5 party miles (10.5 on foot, 401 by car); 65 species, 22,679 individuals. Joyce Campion, Howard Davis, Bob Ford, Gail Greene, Mark Greene (compiler — 194 Mount Orange Rd., Trenton 38382), Helen Hight, Bill Reinke, Jackie Utley, Donna Ward, Eddie Wilbanks, Lynn Williams. 7 8 THE 1991 CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT MARCH DRESDEN — 23 Dec; 0700-1600; cloudy and foggy with light rain; temp. 45-50 F; wind NE, 0-5 mph; 5 observers in 3 parties; 21 party hours (14 on foot, 7 by car) plus 1 owling; 185 party miles (11 on foot, 174 by car) plus 10 owling; 65 species, 11,900 individuals. Harry Chandler, Donald Doster (compiler — Rt. 1, Box 574, Dresden 38225), Greg Ellis, Mark Greene, Sam Tucker. SAVANNAH — 28 Dec; 0500-1700; cloudy with intermittent drizzle and fog; temp. 42-46 F; wind WNW, 0-5 mph; 13 observers in 8 parties; 69.5 party hours (34 on foot, 28 by car, 7.5 by boat) plus 2 owling; 405.5 party miles (27.5 on foot, 338 by car, 40 by boat) plus 31 owling; 96 species, 17,391 individuals. Good details submitted on Greater Scaup (DS), Merlin (DP), Rough-legged Hawk (LN, MS), Sedge Wren (JP), and Lapland Longspurs (WB, NP). Walt Burch, Jeff Garner, Deanna Gilchrist, Lois Johnson, Larry Neil, Phyllis Nofzinger, Johnny Parks, Dee Patterson, Ned Piper, Dick Preston, Floyd Sherrod, Damien Simbeck (compiler — 1539 Helton Dr. A-1, Florence, AL 35630), Michael Sorozak. CROSS CREEKS NWR — 15 Dec; 0400-1600; no information on weather; 8 observers in 4 parties plus 3 at feeders; 38 party hours (11 on foot, 27 by car) plus 1.5 owling; 359 party miles (14 on foot, 345 by car) plus 15.5 owling; 100 species, 13,874 individuals. No details submitted on Eurasian Wigeon. Don Blunk (com- piler — Rt. 2, Box 791 -C, Dover 37058), Jerry Drewry, Justin McClellan, Sarah McClellan, Bob Odear, Chris Sloan, Joe Stone, Sabin Thompson. At feeders: Gayle Boone, Vicki Grafe, (third person at feeder not reported — Editor). BUFFALO RIVER — 29 Dec; 0630-1715; cloudy with light rain in AM; temp. 43- 45 F; wind W, 0-20 in AM and N, 0-20 in PM; 8 observers in 4 parties plus 1 at feeder; 30.75 party hours (16.5 on foot, 14.25 by car) plus 2 at feeder and 1.5 owling; 201 party miles (14 on foot, 187 by car) plus 5 owling; 71 species, 18,776 individuals. Michael Beurlein, David Ihrie, Royce Neidert, Jane Newell, Donette Sellers, Don Simbeck (compiler — 424 Riddle Ln., Loretto 38469), Jody Springer, Morris Wil- liams, Wylie Willis. CLARKSVILLE — 28 Dec; heavy overcast with intermittent light rain; temp, mid 40's; no wind; 15 observers in 5 parties; 41 party hours (15.25 on foot, 25.75 by car); 271 party miles (12 on foot, 259 by car); 64 species, 8,658 individuals. Amy Atkins, Marilyn Farley, Danny Harrison, Ken Haskins, Bonnie Kruck, Leonard Kruck, William Lyle, Bill Milliken, Gloria Milliken, Barry Podell, Louise Podell, David Snyder (compiler — Austin Peay State Univ., Dept, of Biology, P.O. Box 4718, Clarksville 37044), Mary Ann Stephens, Barbara Wilbur, Stanley York, Jr. COLUMBIA — 21 Dec; 0600-1 700; cloudy with light rain; temp. 45-55 F; wind S, 0-5 mph; 9 observers in 5 parties plus 2 at feeders; 35.5 party hours (14.5 on foot, 21 by car) plus 8 hours at feeders and 6 hours owling; 282.5 party miles (15.5 on foot, 267 by car) plus 20 miles owling; 89 species, 288,720 individuals. Steven Brinkley, William Fuqua, William Jernigan, Allyn Lay, Bedford Lochridge, George Mayfield (compiler — 999 Sunnyside Dr., Columbia 38401), Mark Mayfield, Wendell Robinson, Karen Stephens, plus Mary Lyles and Cleo Mayfield at feeders. NASHVILLE — 21 Dec; 0645-1630; cloudy with rain and fog; temp. 41-51 F; wind SE, 1 -3 mph; 27 observers in 7 parties plus 9 at feeders; 58.5 party hours (20.5 on foot, 38 by car) plus 2.25 owling; 257 party miles (16 on foot, 241 by car) plus 2.25 owling; 78 species, 10,279 individuals. The Rufous Hummingbird confirmed and banded 1992 THE MIGRANT 9 by hummingbird expert Bob Sargent of Trussville, AL. Jane Bottari, Bob Brayden, Drake Caldwell, Elizabeth Collins, Marie Connors, Richard Connors, Jerry Dre wry. Bob Eord, Edwin Cleaves, Rosalie Hammond, Barbara Harris, Bob Hatcher, Cheryl Hiers, Pamilla Hopkins, Edward Landers, Galen Lenhart, Miles McCrickard, Joseph McLaughlin, Gail Miller, Dick Newton, Magnus Persmark, Christopher Sloan, Ann Tarbell, Edwin Toone, Oma Vaughn, Kenneth Walkup, Miriam Weinstein. At feeders: Thomas Bottari, Lucy Einch, Mary Jackson, Laura Knox, Jane Maynard, Sharon Monroe, Marjorie Patrick, Virginia Price, and Barbara Winfield. HICKORY-PRIEST — 1 Jan; 0545-1715; clear; temp. 33-52 E; wind S, 6-12 mph; 16 observers in 6 parties; 57 party hours (27 on foot, 30 by car) plus 2 owling; 396 party miles (23 on foot, 373 by car) plus 7 owling; 83 species, 10,379 individuals. The Merlin has been at the same location for the past 5 winters; the Peregrine Palcon is a resident of the tall buildings in downtown Nashville. Linda Anderson, Jane Bottari, Richard Connors, Jerry Drewry (compiler — 1115 Golf Course Ln., Ashland City 37015), Mark Hackney, Bette Halverstadt, Ed Landers, Joe McLaughlin, Dena Shulte, Chris Sloan, Joe Stone, Ann Tarbell, Sabin Thompson, Bates Toone, Ed Toone, Betty Worden. MUREREESBORO — 4 Jan; cloudy with drizzle; temp. 35-45 E; wind gusting 10- 20 mph; 16 observers in 11 parties; 41 party hours (19 on foot, 22 by car) plus 15 at feeders; 343 party miles (5 on foot, 338 by car); 64 species, 44,443 individuals. Good details for Rough-legged Hawk (RM). Bertha Chreitzberg, Bill Erwin, Lou Erwin, Jeff Helbig, Anne Hettish, Bob Hettish, Richard Hunter, Wilma Hunter (compiler — Rt. 6, Box 58, Murfreesboro 37130), Pat Martin, David McCarrol, Ruth McMillan, Gene Odom, Ruth Odom, Alberta Spence, Ferrell Wilson, Terry Witt. LEBANON — 21 Dec; 0700-1400; overcast with rain and drizzle; temp. 44-48 F; 8 observers; 19.25 party hours (including 8.25 at feeders); 75 party miles (3 on foot, 72 by car); 42 species, 1 ,794 individuals. Earline Berry, Vernon Berry, Ruth McMillan, Kay Norris (compiler — 1609 Ponderosa Trail, Lebanon 37087), Larry Norris, Anna Parker, Melissa Turrentine, Roy Turrentine. HIGHLAND RIM — 28 Dec; 0530-1800; cloudy; temp. 45-55 F; wind NE, 7 mph; 16 observers in 9 parties; 38 party hours (6 on foot, 32 by car) plus 1.5 owling; 336 party miles (9 on foot, 327by car) plus 15 owling; 80 species, 5,987 individuals. John Bruner, Lois Bruner, Tom Burleson, Sr., Tom Burleson, Jr., Don Davidson (compiler _ 1 703 2nd Ave., Manchester 37355), Marguerite Hernandez, Ruth Luckado, Nickie Medley, Philip Medley, Chloe Peebles, J. Howell Peebles, Erma Rogers, Quincy Stykes, Stewart White, Grady York, Willa York. McMinnville — 28 Dec; foggy with rain; 7 observers in 3 parties; 22.5 party hours (3 on foot, 19.5 by car), 222.5 party miles (1.5 on foot, 221 by car); 57 species, 11,114 individuals. Denise Delong, Ruth Ann Henry, Tim Jones, Clyde Malone, James Pearsall (compiler — 117 Beech Hill Dr., McMinnville 37110), Donna Ware, Micky Ware. NICKAJACK LAKE — 21 Dec; 0500-1700; fog and rain; temp. 39-46 F; 23 observers in 8 parties; 69 party hours (37.75 on foot, 27.25 by car, 4 by boat) plus 5.25 owling; 298.5 party miles (23.5 on foot, 265 by car, 10 by boat) plus 57 owling; 93 species, 24,691 individuals. Good details for the Merlin (JI, JP), Peregrine Falcon (JI, JP), and Palm Warblers (DJ, KJ, PH, SK). Clyde Blum, Mary Buttram, Corey 3.5 10 THE 1991 CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT MARCH Davidson, E.O. Grundset, Paul Harris, John Henderson, Jerry Ingles, Daniel Jacobson, Kathy Jacobson, A1 Jenkins, Starr Klein, Barbarita Nieri, Johnny Parks (compiler — 1610 East 17th St., Chattanooga 37404), Tom Patton, Tommie Rogers, Robin Rudd, Joe Stone, Carl Swafford, Dale Taylor, Bernie Tompkins, Brent Tompkins, Waldo Tompkins, David Vogt. COOKEVILLE — 17 Dec; 0430-1700; clear; temp. 37-53 E; wind SW, 10-20 mph AM, NW, 5-10 mph PM; 16 observers in 6 parties plus 15 at feeders; 55.75 party hours (19 on foot, 36.75 by car) plus 32.5 at feeders and 5 owling; 328.5 party miles (17.5 on foot, 311 by car) plus 53 owling; 78 species, 6,385 individuals. Highest species total for Cookeville count; 26 species seen in highest numbers ever, though total individuals low. Phillip Bettoli, Daniel Combs, Charles Crumpler, Prank Piss, David Hume, Amy Johnson, Graham Kash, Tracy Richter, Thomas Roberts, Ann Sanders, Michael Sanders, Joanne Schaefer, Richard Simmers, Barbara Stedman, Stephen Stedman (compiler — 2675 Lakeland Dr., Cookeville 38501 ), Evelyn Stites, Winston Walden. CHATTANOOGA — 14 Dec; 0715-1745; cloudy to partly cloudy; temp. 32-59 P; wind WNW, 7-14 mph; 30 observers in 11 parties including 4 at feeders; 94 party hours (58.75 on foot, 35.25 by car) plus 11 owling; 480 party miles (42 on foot, 438 by car) plus 82 owling; 99 species, 32,526 individuals. Good details on Merlin (AJ, BM, MM), Yellow-breasted Chat (KD, DV), and Grasshopper Sparrow (JH, PR). Clyde Blum, Jeff Boehm, Edith Bromley, Mary Lynn Buttram, Brainerd Cooper, Pat Crowe, Ken Dubke, Lil Dubke, Bill Haley, Paul Harris, John Henderson (compiler — 7323 Pairington CL, Hixon 37343), Dan Jacobson, A1 Jenkins, Elena Killian, Polly Lane, Jonnie Sue Lyons, Barbara McMahan, Mike McMahan, Tom Patton, Bob Pierce, Don Ritzhaupt, Peter Robinson, Tommie Rogers, Pam Rudd, Robin Rudd, Bernie Tompkins, David Vogt, Dan Williams, Dick Wodzenski, Libby Wolfe. HIWASSEE — 1 Jan; 0500-1800; clear to foggy and cloudy; temp. 28-46 P; wind NW, 5 mph; 1 6 observers in 7 parties; 69 party hours (55 on foot, 1 0 by car, 4 by boat) plus 5 owling; 407.5 party miles (29.5 on foot, 355 by car, 23 by boat) plus 22 owling; 96 species, 14,738 individuals. Clyde Blum, Kevin Calhoun, Richard Clark, An- drew Core, Ken Dubke, Lil Dubke, Bill Haley, Audrey Hoff, Charles Nicholson, Johnny Parks, Tommie Rogers, Robin Rudd (compiler — 7611 Davidson Rd., Chattanooga 37421 ), Boyd Sharp, Burney Tompkins, David Vogt, Dick Wodzenski. NORRIS — 14 Dec; 0630-2145; overcast with light rain in early AM; wind variable with gusts to 20 mph in PM; 9 observers in 4 parties plus 1 at feeder; 39.5 party hours (20.5 on foot, 19 by car) plus 2.5 owling; 289.5 party miles (16.5 on foot, 273 by car) plus 7 owling; 67 species, 6,995 individuals. Linda Armstrong, Bob Collier, David Hankins, Audrey Hoff, George McKinney, Charles Nicholson (compiler — P.O. Box 402, Norris 37828), Mike Ryan, Beth Schilling, Boyd Sharp, plus Grace Poster at feeder. KNOXVILLE — 16 Dec; 0615-1745; cloudy to partly cloudy; temp. 44-57 P; wind variable, 0-10 mph; 23 observers in 17 parties plus 2 at feeders; 90 party hours (48.75 on foot, 41 .25 by car) plus 7 at feeders and 2 owling; 474 party miles (39 on foot, 435 by car) plus 17 owling; 82 species, 12,981 individuals. Jane Beintema, Betty Reid Campbell, James Campbell, Bob Collier, Lara Collier, Andrew Core, Marcia Davis, Barbara Pinney, Jim Pinney, Louise Puller, Brice Gilmer, Paul Hartigan, Audrey 1992 THE MIGRANT 11 Hoff (compiler — 4523 McCloud Rd., Knoxville 37938), Ron Hoff, Tony Koella, Bettie Mason, James Mason, Chester Massey, Charles Nicholson, Holly Overton, Mark Reeves, Mike Ryan, Boyd Sharp. GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK — 29 Dec; 0630-1 730; cloud y with light rain, freezing rain and light snow at high elevations; temp. 32-46 E; wind variable at 5-10 mph; 19 observers in 9 parties; 79.25 party hours (54.5 on foot, 24.75 by car) plus 1 owling; 313 party miles (50 on foot, 263 by car) plus 10 owling; 64 species, 3,442 individuals. The numbers for Black-capped Chickadees includes Carolina Chickadees, as they were in mixed flocks. Jane Beintema, Betty Reid Campbell, James Campbell, Don Defoe (non-participating compiler — GSMNP, Gatlinburg 37738), Paul Drescher, Gwynn Evans, Paul Hartigan, Audrey Hoff, Susan Hoyle, Kris Johnson, Burt Jones, Tony Koella, Agnes Marshall, Mack Marshall, Charles Nicholson, Holly Overton, Martha Rudolph, Michael Ryan, Beth Schilling, Eileen Wilson. GREENEVILLE — 28 Dec; 0600-1800; cloudy with rain; temp. 38-45 E; wind NE, 5 mph; 16 observers in 10 parties; 37.5 party hours (19.5 on foot, 18 by car); 173 party miles (12 on foot, 161 by car); 58 species, 5,255 individuals. Justino Carlos, Cynthia Cragin, Herb Cragin, Susan Eord, Helen Gaut, Juanita Heckert, Lenard Heckert, Jim Holt (compiler — 311 Colonial CL, Greeneville 37743), Alice Loftin, Don Miller, Richard Nevius, Willie Ruth Nevius, Doug Ratledge, Reta Taylor, Virginia Wil- liams, plus 4 at feeders. KINGSPORT — 21 Dec; 0800-1730; steady rain; temp, constant 34 F; wind 0-2 mph; 48 observers in 10 parties; 61.75 party hours (8.5 on foot, 53.25 by car) plus 2.5 owling; 477.5 party miles (9.5 on foot, 468 by car) plus 29 owling; 70 species, 9,227 individuals. Good details on the Dunlin (RK) and Merlin (TP, JF, PL). Jennifer Allen, Jessica Arbogast, John Audemore, Danny Blakely, Sandra Blakely, Tom Bowman, Mike Camponovo, M.J. Erwin, John Faust, Jonathan Gray, Emily Gubler, Brenda Hall, Mark Helm, Anna Hess, Errol Hess, Maggie Hess, Jean Horton, Nicholas Jackson, Richard Jackson, T.J. Jackson, Rick Knight, George Larkins, Suzanne Larkins, Violet Larkins, Bill Little, Priscilla Little, Kimberly Mellens, Ron Pendleton, Tom Pridgen, Bob Quillen, Debbie Shoun, Jared Shoun, Emily Sikora, Arthur Smith (compiler — 100 Otari Dr., Kingsport 37664), Jack Sullivan, John Sullivan, Glenn Swofford, Brad Vaughn, Kris Vaughn, Travis Vaughn, Jim Wayland, Shirley Wayland, Forest Wilhelm, Van Wilhelm, Frank Williams, Kristin Zimet, Nicholas Zimet, Zachary Zimet; includes "kids count". ELIZABETHTON — 15 Dec; 0600-1730; clear; temp. 18-36 F; wind W, 5-15 mph; 23 observers in 6 parties; 49 party hours (22.5 on foot, 26.5 by car) plus 2 owling; 327 party miles (13 on foot, 314 by car) plus 14 owling; 67 species, 5,932 individuals. Good details for Black-throated Blue Warbler (WC, RM, KH). Fred Alsop, Jim Brooks, Janet Brown, Wallace Coffey, Brian Cross, Martha Dillenbeck, Rusty Dunn, Elizabeth Funkhouser, Ken Hale, Dick Hegler, Danny Huffine, Rick Knight (com- piler— 804 N. Hills Dr., Johnson City 37604), Pam Lewis, Dick Lura, Rad Mayfield, Tom McNeil, Rita Scher, Glenn Swofford, Julie Tomita, Gary Wallace, Frank Ward, Jim Wayland, Shirley Wayland. BRISTOL — 29 Dec; 0700-1 730; heavy fog and light rain; temp. 38-47 F; wind SW, 0-10 mph; 18 observers in 7 parties; 48.5 party hours (19.5 on foot, 29 by car) plus 12 THE 1991 CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT iMARCH Loraine Hale, Ron Harrington, Joe Jackson, Lloyd Jones, Rick Knight, Tom Laughlin, Richard Lewis (compiler — 407 V.I. Ranch Rd., Bristol 37620), Alice Nair, Bob Quillen, John Shumate, Lorrie Shumate, Randy Smith, Mark Spivey. ROAN MOUNTAIN — 22 Dec; 0600-1700; partly cloudy, isolated fog early; temp. 31-45 F; wind W, 0-20 mph; 7 observers in 2 parties; 19.5 party hours (12 on foot, 7.5 by car) plus 1 owling; 111 party miles (8 on foot, 103 by car) plus 1 owling; 52 species, 1,649 individuals. Fred Alsop, Jim Brooks, Danny Huffine, Rick Knight (compiler — 804 N. Hills Dr., Johnson City 37604), Cathi Sullins, Jim Wayland, Shirley Wayland. H D O U D PQ CD < H D d: u a^ a^ K H O 00 V) m ^ ^ * o * c<*) * * On * ★ * * fNl * * * CD CD * * O * m * * 00 CN ON ^ CD n£) * * m * CM * * CD Dj * mm * :? 2 g: u -- 00 * ^ -t* nO -t nO CC Uc O o U , 'P a> D b tH c OJ § u -g “ I ^ T3 ?; 0) c ^ U G _3 o r;: 73 i cQ c ^ OJ — ^ ? 2. 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Qj >' ^ ^ D a.-: rz X C 16 THE 1991 CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT * O C'l * * 00 . * o in o O (N (N O O ^ 00 nO o cn (N * 00 ON o m m tN m m in (N o' in (N vO 00 r- m h>. rn O'! m * in cN * * * o 00 m o * in t— m ro NO CM Cx I-I * o * NO CN m 00 Tt* 00 CN T-I ON * * m * CN t>. Tf ON *— < NO CN CN ■ T— ' * CN * T— . O CN O cn CO * * 00 CO CN ON ON ^ CN ON * * o * o CN nO * Uv * ^ 00 rt Ux in U>s CN no «— * 00 * m ON O NO CN 00 .-I CN| CN * * CNj * m ^ in CO NO CN in ' no 00 CO On ni o * * ON * in o o ON CN ON CN CN Si ^ ^ U a. VI CJ c o £ £ _ o CO U CD a; fn N.* c Si is 3 QD ^ C- c is a s c rr' If) u I u r9 O [- cU £ boc/^ ^ c q; c E « 3 > A Quarterly Journal Devoted To Tennessee Birds Published by The Tennessee June 1992 Ornithological Vol. 63, No. 2 Society MCZ ERNST MAYR LIBRARY III 11 llllllllll I llllll II 3 2: )4^ 135 C 7 0 02